S i a. @ Cie se ble ke . } s ‘ . 7 5 Pig Pod a ’ 4 y= es eh 7 4 ty . ‘sa - = Gels a ah . < i ‘ 5 a : a . . : j . > i ' - , . SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PROCEEDINGS WNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. WG hide ee ON ee PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1904. ; "i : = eS et re at fen ADVERTISEMENT. The publications of the National Museum consist of two series: Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 187s, are intended primarily as a medium of publication for newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, descriptions of new forms of animalsand plants acquired by the National Museum, discussions of nomenclature, etc. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distri- bution to libraries, while in view of the importance to science of the prompt publication of descriptions of new species, a limited edition of each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. ‘The present volume is the twenty-seventh of the series. The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1575, is a series ‘of more elaborate papers, issued separately and based for the most part upon collections in the National Museum. They are mono- graphic in scope, and are deyoted principally to the discussion of large zoological groups, bibliographies of eminent naturalists, reports ot expeditions, etc. A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the ** Special Bulletin,” has been adopted ina few instances in which a larger page was deemed indispensable. The Annual Report of the National Museum (being the second vol- ume of the Smithsonian Report) contains papers chiefly of an ethno- logical character, describing collections in the National Museum. Papers intended for publication by the National Museum are usually referred to an advisory committee, composed as follows: Frederick W. True (chairman), William H. Holmes, George P. Merrill, James E. Benedict, Otis T. Mason, Leonhard Stejneger, Lester F. Ward, and Marcus Benjamin (editor). - §. P. Lanewey, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Iil TABLE OF CONTENTS: Baker, Cart F. A Revision of American Siphonaptera, or Fleas, together with a Complete List and Bibliography of the Group.—No. 1361. February 16, 1904¢_._..-______- New family: Hectopsyllide. New genera: Nestopsylla, Anomiopsyllus. New species: Pulex brasiliensis, P. lutzii, P. anomalus, P. affinis, P. lynx, Ceratophyllus dentatus, C. perpinnatus, (. tuberculatus, C. alaskensis, C. californicus, C. oculatus, C. ciliatus, C. pseudarctomys, C. leucopus, C. labiatus, C. serdentatus, C. wagneri, Cl asio, C. cana- densis, C. vison, C. lucidus, C. arctomys, C. proximus, C. idahoensis, C. petiolatus, C. eremicus, C. stylosus, Cienophthalmus pseudaqurtes, C. genalsis, Ctenopsyllus hesperomys. Bemis, Frorencre E. The Aleyrodids, or Mealy-Winged Flies, of California, with References to other. American Species.—_No. 1362. February 16, 1904¢_. New species: Aleyrodes iridescens, A. splendens, A. pruinosus, A. ten- taculatus, A. kelloggi, A. errans, A. madroni, A. stanfordi, A. inter- rogationis, A. merlini, A. amnicola , A. diasemus, A. glacialis, A. quaintancei, A. nigrans, A. maskelli, A. wellmane, A. extraniens, A. hutchingsi. Benepicr, JAMES E. A New Genus and Two New Species of Crustaceans of the Family Albuneide from the Pacific Ocean; with Remarks on the Probable Use of the Anten- nule in Albunea and Lepidopa.—No. 1367. February 16, 19044 New genus: Lophomastiv. New species: Lophomastix diomedex, Albuneu elioti. Buscx, Aucusr. Tineid Moths from British Columbia, with Descriptions of New Species. —No. 1375. May 25, 1904¢__ New genus: Hucalantica. New species: Hemerophila alpinella, H. kincaidiella, Choreutis bal- samorrhizella, C. piperella, Plutella notabilis, P. poulella, Zelleria gracilariella, Z. ribesella, Aristotelia natalella, A. harrisonella, Gno- rimoschema washingtoniella, G. radiatella, G. splendoriferella, Gele- chia mandella, G. monella, G. ceanothiella, Anacampsis fragariella, Trichotaphe simpliciella, T. leuconotella, Glyphidocera septentrionella, Page, 3605-469 471-537 621-625 me (45-778 “ Date of publication. NAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. Buscx, Aucusr—Continued. Depressaria rosaciliella, D. canella, D. pallidella, D. alienella, Scyth- ris magnatella, Cosmopteryx vilella, Coptodisca arbutiella, Gracilaria murtfeldtella, Marmara arbutiella, Lyonetia saliciella, Leucoptera pachystimella, Incurvaria piperella, Tinea leuecocapitella, Seardia burkerella. New name: Allononyina. CaupEetLt, ANDREW Netson. Two Orthoptera, hitherto un- recorded, from the United States.—-No. 1378. June 2, 19 O45 eee 8 AN is I eg ee eae Davenport, Cuartes B. Report on the Fresh-Water Bryozoa of the United States.—No. 1355. January 22, (QORO! = Seo eee eee eg Dyar, Harrison G. The Lepidoptera of the Kootenai Dis- trict of British Columbia.—No. 1376. June 7, 19044 ___- New species: Thanaos lilius, Porosagrotis thanatologia, Tephroclystis niphadophilata, T. cootenaiata, T. casloata, T. columbiata, T. bifasciata, T. subfoveata, Cymatophora matilda, Phlyctenia tillialis, Crambus plumbifimbriellus, C. murellus, Ephestia amarella, Ephe- stiodes benjaminella. New varieties: Scepsis packardii, var. cocklei, Talledega montanata, var. magnoliatoidata, Mesoleuca simulata, var. otisi, Aplodes rubrifrontaria, var. darwiniata, Macaria minorata, var. incolorata, Selidosema humarium, var. emasculatum, Melanolophia canadaria, var. sub- genericata, Thiodia artemisiuna, var. infimbriana. Girty, GEorGE H. New Molluscan Genera from the Car- boniferous.—No. 13872. June 1, 19044 New genera: Limipecten, Pleurophorella, Clavulites. New species: Limipecten teranus, Pleurophorella papillosa, Clavulites howardensis. New variety: Limipecten texanus, var. grandicostatus. New name: Schuchertella. JORDAN, Davip Starr, and Epwin Cuapin Starks. A Review of the Cottide or Sculpins found in the Waters of Japan.—No. 1358. January 28, 1904¢ New genera: Stlengis, Schmidtia, Daruma, Ricuzenius, Rheopresbe, Ainocottus, Crossias, Elaphichthys, Alcichthys, Furcina, Ocynectes, Bero, Vellitor. New species: Stlengis osensis, Schmidtia misakia, Daruma sagamia, ticuzenius pinetorum, Hemilepidotus gilberti, Cottus kazika, Rheo- presbe fujiyame, Myoxocephalus edomius, M. raninus, Ainocottus ensiger, (rymnocanthus herzensteini, Crossias allisi, Cottiusculus schmidti, Furcina ishikawe, F. osime, Ocynectes maschalis, Pseudo- blennius zonostigma, P. totomius, Blepsias draciscus. —-———. A Review of the Japanese Fishes of the ‘amily of Agonide.—No. 1365. February 23, 19042 New species: Occa iburia. @ Date of publieation. Pagje. 121-736 231-335 575-599 TABLE OF CONTENTS. JORDAN, Davip Srarr, and Epwin Cuaprin Srarks. A Review of the Scorpnoid Fishes of Japan.—No. 1351. Peprivae eee Wd bes on er wakes el ees Shes New genera: Thysanichthys, Sebasticus, Lythrichthys, Ebosia, Decte- rias, Erosa, Inimicus, Ocosia, Hrisphex. New species: Sebastodes itinus, S. giintheri, S. tokionis, S. iracundus, S. flammeus, Neosebastes entaxis, Thysonichthys crossotus, Helicolenus emblemarius, Scorpaena izensis, Lythrichthys eulabes, Apitus evolans, A. venenans, Minous echigonius, Ocosia vespa. -— ———. Schmidtina, a Genus of Japanese Sculpins.— creel diag: el RS ie TO rae as ie er See SI New genus: Schmidtina. New species: Schmidtina misakia, and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER. Notes on Collections of Fishes from Oahu Island and Laysan Island, Hawaii, with Descriptions of Four New Species.—No. 1377. June ee een ere a ee ek ie ee ee. VT ee eee New genus: Ariomma. New species: Brachysomophis henshawi, Ariomma lurida, Lactoria schlemmeri, Antennarius laysanius. ——— ———. OQOnthe Species of White Chimera from Japan.—No. 1356. January 23, 1904¢_ aie Cerne Lucas, FrepEertc A. A New Batrachian and a New Reptile from the Trias of Arizona.—No. 1353. January 22,1904“. New genus: Placerias. New species: Metoposaurus fraasi, Placerias hesternus. Maxon, WittraAm R. A New Fern, Goniophlebium Pringlei, trom Mexico.—No. 1379. June 27, 1904¢ ...-...-..2-.-- New species: Goniophlebium pringlei. . Two New Ferns of the Genus Polypodium, from sematen——_ NO, Lard, - May 21, 19048) 20 22502. 2 let: New species: Polypodium rigens, P. aromaticum. Mititer, Gerrit $., Jr. Notes on the Bats collected by William Palmer in Cuba.—No. 1359. January 23, 19044. NrepHam, James G. New Dragon-fly Nymphs in the United States National Museum.—No. 1371. May 20, ene) Se * ee er Rey ie we et Nd la 5 oe 2 New species: Micrathyria pallida. OpBERHOLSER, Harry C. A Review of the Wrens of the Genus Troglodytes.—No. 1354. January 23, 1904¢ ____-- New genus: Thryorchilus. New subspecies: Troglodytes musculus acosmus, T. m. atopus, T. m. enochrus. « Date of publication. VEE Page. 961 939-948 993— 226 193-195 9538-954 741-744 685-720 197-210 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS. Oprruotser, Harry C. A Revision of the American Great Horned Owls.—No. 1352. January 22, 190£% 252222 = = New subspecies: Asio magellanicus mesembrinus, A. m. melancerus, A. m. icelus, A. m. lagophonus, A. in. heterocnemis, A. m. algistus. Description of a New African Weaver-Bird.—No. 1370;- April 13, 19042 202. 52 eee New subspecies: Philetairus eabanisi enchorus. Description of Two New Birds from Somali Land.— No. 1373... May 201 G04 22 ae ee ee New subspecies: Merops superciliosus donaldsoni, Polihierax senvi- torquatus homopterus. Reun. James A. G. Studies in American Mantids or Sooth- sayers._-No. 1364. = Pebruary 67 1902 sees = ee eee New species: Stagmomantis theophila, Harpagonyx carlotte, Stagina- toptera insatiabilis, Vates townsend. New name: Paramusonia. Studies in Old World Forticulids or Earwigs, and Blattids or Cockroaches.—No. 1363. February 16, 1904¢__ New species: Ectobius maori, Anaplecta platycephala, Ellipsidion his- trionicum, Thyrocera tessellata, Calolampra pedisequa, Epilampra trongana, FE. moloch, Rhicnoda desidiosa, Blatta senecta, Deropeltis gaboonica, Panesthia cetrifera. New name: Apterygida athymia. Ricuarpson, Harrier. Contributions to the Natural His- tory of the Isopoda.—No. 1350. January 19, 1904¢______- New genera: Symmius, Parapenxon, Pentias, Diplophryxus, Stegias, Urobopyrus. New species: Rocinela angustata, R. affinis, Cirolana japonensis, Livoneca propinqua, Cymodocea acuta, Syinmius caudatus, Arcturus hirsutus, Parapenxon consolidata, Spheroma retroleavis, Pentias hayi, Diplophryxus jordani, Indusa carinata, Meinertia gilberti, Ste- gias clibanarti, Probopyrus bithynis, P. floridensis, Bopyrina abbre- viata, B. urocardis, B. thorii, Ione ithompsoni, Pseudione furcata, P. curata, P. tuberculata, P. paucisecta, Mundion parva, Urobopyrus processed. ———, Contributions to the Natural History of the Isopoda. (Second Part.)-—No. 1369. April 18, 1904¢ New genera: Zonophryxus, Entophilus. New species: Sphxroma pentodon, Synidotea ritteri, Janiropsis kin- caidi, J. californica, Trichoniscus papillicornis, Ega-quadratasinus, Rocinela hawatiensis, Zonophryxus retrodens, Entophilus omnitectus. SNYDER, JOHN OTTERBEIN. Notes on Collections of. Fishes from Oahu Island and Laysan Island, Hawaii, with Deserip- tions of Four New Species.—No. 1377. June 2, 19044____ (See also under JorpAN, Davip Srarr. ) «Date of publication. Page. 177-192 (31139 561-574 657-681 939-948 TABLE OF CONTENTS. SNYDER, JOHN OTTERBEIN. On the Species of White Chi- mera from Japan.—No. 1356. January 23, 19044 __.___- (See also under Jorpan, DAvip Srarr. ) Starks, Epwin Cuaprx. , leg of sixth pair; c, leg of seventh ee ee Fee er a tae aod eee SESH b swale Satie teh TEDL CONLGU erad ere Dine ERT NS Soe te Pes Hee a eS eerie etre Gate se Cymodocea acuta: a, antenne of the first pair; }, labrum--....-.-.-------.---- WarendlemiewnOrs DOdiNOl CymmOdOCeQraculte.---o55 ==. + S2e see cae ee eee see RPMI CANOCIUS area ew ths) eed os Re ore Ub corns bos eee uealslectes Symmius caudatus: a, antennee of first pair; >, antennze of second pair_-...---- Maxilliped of Symmius caudatus: a, anterior side; >, posterior side.....-.---- Beene AE SValve Ol SY MUNIUS COUDOUWUS. <= 22 oso ae seo ole ce awe ese e tes Legs of Symmius caudatus: a, first pair; b, second pair; c, seventh pair ....-- ALATA IR, [UOTE DIS Fos SI es OSs re er ys a eer See ah ene eT Ee Parapenxon consolidata: a, dorsal view of female; >, ventral view of same -.-- First lamella of marsupium of Parapenwon consolidata.........-------------- Leg of sixth pair of adult female of Parapenwon consolidala....-.----------.- RUNeM ORCA CUC I CICCI CONSOMLUCLGr. eam SAS De RE eee ose nN ee ee Young female of Phryxus, species?: a, dorsal view; /}), ventral view -.-------- VIE A eNO ae Lal dial CLS ASTD CLES i eye ssa ei le erate fees See ahs ares aha ee taiere Abdomen and last two thoracic segments of Sphwroma retrolevis ......------- BAe EOLA) ees NO SR TE eS AS Ds etre wes eR Seat was) Angee se Sa ne MLB CMC RL TILL RAY IE eo 5 See he Nee Neh ee Renee ack nece Female of Diplophryxus jordani: a, dorsal view; b, ventral view -..----.------ Head and first pair of antennze of Diplophrywus jordani......---------------- PEM ear noniryeUusiOradaiis = 205% , ventral view of same ..---.------ 76 Tone thompsoni, mnaxailliped eek ee rae er eon pe ee aii Tope thompson. first lamellayot anarsup runs eee On Tonethompsoni, legrot sixth spairso adult ena Cae eee ith Tone thompsoni, male... <1 2 2 324 eS Sai ee ee ri Pseudione furcata: a, dorsal view of female; 6, ventral view of same......--.- 79 Pseudione furcata, first lamella ofimarsupiumee 2-0-2 see eee ee eee 79 Pseudione furcata, leg of sixth pairof adult female] 25 ss4e20s )o 45s = eee 79 Pseudione curtata: a, dorsal view of female; 6, ventral view of same __..------ 80 Pseudioné curiata, first lamella of marsupium S22. sos. ses eee 80 "seudione curtata, leg of sixth pair of adult female 2: 22-25 eee geeu ee eee 80 "seudionecurtata, maalle : <2) 28 eg. ee eae pe ee 81 Munidion parva: a, dorsal view of female; b, ventral view of same.......----- 81 Munidion parva; first lamella-oPmarsupiumy 22. = eee eee eee 82 Munidion parva, lee ol sixth pair of adult female) 22 -.e seo ee ae eee 82 Munidion parva, males S22 es ee ee eos. So a 82 Pseudione galacanthx: a, dorsal view of female; 6, ventral view of same .._--- 83 Pseudione galacanthx: a, maxilliped; }, first lamella of marsupium, right side. 83 Pseudione galacanthe\ male.) 7 se ee se 83 Pseudione tuberculata: a, dorsal view of female; }, ventral view of same __.__- 84 Pseudione tuberculata; maxillipedcs9- 3: ee pe ee eae ee 84 Pseudione tuberculata, distal segment of first lamella of marsupium ......----- 84 Pseudione tuberculata, leg of sixth pair of adult female._....._.........------ 84 Pseudione tubeculata, males 25.23 52). Se ee a 84 Pseudione paucisecta: a, dorsal view of female; ), ventral view of same ....-- s 85 Pseudione paucisecta, first lamella of marsupium .............-.------------- 86 Pseudione paucisecta, leg of sixth pair of adult female._................--.---- 86 Pseudione paucisecta, males: i: 2: ek alee a pee ea ener be 86 Urobopyrus processi: a, dorsal view of female; b, ventral view of same.......- 87 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ULE 50 A ge a RE MATEO se 8 PS en taeda as on wn hacen asnas-s Sebastodes tokionis....-.-------- Samal et oa ie ee Ae ra BURT aS HUTER ESTUR CL COUUTT CLUS eR ee ae oP fe ath ore er el ee oe ee RMN TRAITS UTC ULU CLC Sie eters ees oe cyan dhe ccna Oem Speen) fale a oe PREIS TECIID YS CLEU ON Seapets ayaa aa )m rsa tara a=) ise aye apelin =y == Se et EM eCreHi dreamt. 2 hl oleh) eh oS eee da ge oe ECU TSE OSSO a a es le TRUE CTIUS CINOLEM OMS = aan esas 32's 3-5 Soe 5 = nse s Ss = ee eee 8 YP EREE SAIS oe IS ee eS MELTS CriMOCR. Tene telat Ae ae ole ee tS ttc ola An em wm Som 2 ET RS I OS Se ee eet en eee BEESON USE CT? Ct Cee ne eae trea etl = etn aie aysialel pierre Italo era oie a PRIS PECNLOOIUUUS Eee Eien ine oe Bae a nee ante se ci sae aia ee Ss BEERS DUSIUUUSS = Se trea ee rer Seo Se Sra tates eee ere ys see Seite es BOS CRO SUP ae ie a een ty ee ee as Clee hare Einav aia eS ete oo ayes LU MUADES PUR Rees roa oe sna eet cee yo nu woe e ea nae es a MRR EE ROMO OOM oo 2s aaa Is soon yt eet ose Sahm eee = 2 Ree U NOVOGON TULUM PULNIS, «= otc. e 32's pase see seee-scees Se PAGEL CHESN CLS DOI US Cate ieee = meee tale Ss tos mais ae ae eer aera els PRINTS LO CLESHILCUIUIILANSr Nas ane amen haat ce oem Ni te stywiin oS ay orsyele =. Says NE re ORMISHA ate eer oo oS ante Kees So fe anes ta SE Se TOC Lee ROMIUICS MCU UU get Se eat Pat ead Pe AN See Ree Set oe oe Sere srsioete oe IHEHOUS OSCNISIS =<. om sepa sin PR en ED pnts Pim Ret ee Ss ar gene ey, “SORES POS LOPS OG Re eo ee ee See aE eee LL NEOUSTES CO TDG EONS ss ZOO CIS ES Ni ee ae eee ae REPT LEU SLO CUTICLE eet S ee Ste yn eal eb tee Sn anne eee Se eee caer. SLOTEMSH ILLUS HIDURUELO TUN TU 5 a ais yey ee eye Sze ees PAT Gee NaN oiys Nea Ne ae er BEES EST UILUOC anne iNet = ay ap ee abe SE tN a RON gE 3 ik Pande i Stelgistrum stejnegeri...--------- KpenR nn eee Lae wen et keep es Mis BECO SNOCONUU Peo spar er tee se Rae Ses SE eta eens = oh Sete ELA GEORIOIS ACTPO TCT Pee eee op ge pe ER es SO TN Se ee ETON SON OETIN tke ae nN ere See ee it OSS PT ETECTING (ep ee ae dh ee DETAIL CO LESKCLUCCT CUS wna ante eRe Bra seye Ry Beas En Saye se MRE SEDI Clrrcet en Le ee Aho e Soe oe ee ee a koh kes POMS SOLUS Noe oh Seen a fa os Celis hice acini es hearse SITE aN os Bo Pe NN edt inn eG ris te ce hae Ne ed Se ME DC MEADE nt. ligt Pectin Sy Aa nc ee a We eae Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus .........-.-----+------------ ae SRA UMicid CODIMLUR Rem ne A ae AS We eRe nif Sa SKS eps Sam SRO PIECE URES NORG Oe AS oe or Sek oe gue DR CU ONS er ee ee et ee tia te oe Gna ee cheeses RPE ELM MISISICQNOTI Goes Soe see ee Ore eS eae ee au oa ed Megalocottus platycephalus Ainocottus ensiger Argyrocottus zanderi Gymnocanthus herzensteini Crossias allisi Cottiusculus gonez PRICE i CROCEURCUUS «a 2 cto oe Sa5 5s Sasa sces. ayo - esse COMET WACP ce a 6 oe iS done Seed une a eee alee AMAL RISES CHI HIM eee eee on Se = cles chine oa eawlns wecace XIII Page. 100 102 104 107 115 119 121 123 130 134 140 147 149 153 155 157 163 165 168 172 175 224 225 236 238 240 241 243 247 283 284 287 289 291 294 297 298 300 ExeINV, LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Alcichthys CICICOTINS cc Sa we wets Se ie an le ee eee ee eters Furcina ishikawe ....---------+---------+--- 222-202 252202 ornare ease PUB ORIG OS TINUE ccc & ee as ee rene eee Ocynectes maschalis.....--------+-------+------ 222222 errr rere ee Pseudoblennius zonostigma .----------------------------------------=------- PSCGOOLETERIUS LOLOTITUS ha oe ene ee eee eee ee Bero elegans ~ 2. -.02. 220-32 = tae en ie = Vellitor centropomus: = 222522222 5= == == = a a = Histiocottiis bilobus 2 Soe ee ei ee eee Ce reece Blepsias draciscus .....----- -<--5+ -2-5-- === 2-055 ~ ae ye ee INGUESCUS PTLD UO US =a aaa oe eee eee eee eee PS CRTOUMES PANU ODUS aa) oa as ml = mee wee al alae Brewunias-oraulator. 325 2c ape a oa ee Percis japonica ..22- = 25 alsce ane = fee i ee AGOnOMmalus PrODOSCUC GUIS jae tai2 ete ole = eee AGonomalus JOTAGN) « -) sels om arm @ ae a ele VEL yO SAG ONUS GUGCTICOTIS a pm ae ll Occa dodecaedron .------ Dee sidset cen Rie oe eee eee eee eee eee OCCU WbUT IOs sao wie elo we obrciarcie He eae ise ee eee ee eee Maes ‘Pallasing barbata, ..2.b dc 2a 2 ered eae ee se Cee Re) eee eee Draciseus sacht: io... S26 se bos a neem ie Se bee ee ee eee Podothecus accipiten 222622 = sss oe ae Soe oe eee Podothecus: hamlint ccd eases ee JES ees oe ee ‘Podothecus thompsont. 2-22-22 ce ee. cose oe eee ee eee eee eee Podothecus veternus? <<=5 msc bose Saco eee Se ee eee Sarritor:frenawus |..2 S58 Bac themed wae wcies eeels= S55 ee ee ae eee eee View of lower side of cranium of Beryw splendens, showing the orbitosphenoid; the parasphenoid has been removed: as, alesphenoid; bs, basisphenoid; f, irontal:-os,;orbitosphenoid; 3, sphenotic = 2-555 49 ae ee Occipital condyle of Hoplostethas japonicus: bo, basioecipital; eo, exoccipital - - Occipital condyle of a typical percoid fish: bo, basioccipital; eo, exoccipital - - Hyoid of Polymixia japonica: b, barbel; br, branch iostegal ray; ch, cerato- yal shh hypohyal’s 2 once scien ee eee Hyoid of Mulloides auriflamma: b, barbel; br, branchiostegal ray; ch, cera- tohyals Ah; bypobyalk 2=2 22 26 5c 2 ee eee Hoplostethus japonicus: as, alisphenoid; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; e, eplotic; eo, exoccipital; ef, ethmoid; f, frontal; n, nasal; op, oipsthotic; os, orbitosphenoid; p, parietal; pf, prefrontal; pr, prootic; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterotic: s, sphenoid: so, supraoccipitaly, vomers 422 eee eee Beryau splendens: 22222 casa Sedat ec ete oe oe oe = ee Holocentrus ascensionis.. S20 a5 32 eine ee Polymixia japonmeg:; 2525550. oso ecsen)- 6 aoe eee ee ee Monocentris japonicuss< 322322525 ae oe ee Lophomastrix diomedx: a, front; b, antennze; c, maxilliped Albunes, eliottanc shor ssa k eho ale ee, ee Albunea gibbesti, partially covered with sand Albunea gibbesii Albunea oxyopthalma. 12-2. s 35-202 ody nee = ee Dorsal view. of male Argulus americanus 2223.30) 3 ee ee Ventral view of female Argulus americanus. 9-252. 40552 e eee nee Antenne of female Argulus americanus Mouth parts of Argulus americanus: 1, lower lip; lp, labial palp; md, mandibles; Page. 302 304 305 307 313 316 318 320 321 poe 325 329 331 578 580 581 583 o84 585 589 591 594 9d 596 596 597 601 602 602 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Boracrion eieking Gisk Wik ArgulUs CMENMCONUS 22. c2canccesevese=eesnn->=-~ Resteniormasxtlipeds Argulus (mencanus 2225-5520 2222663. . 3sc-- 22-2 - Dorsal view of the heart of Argulus americanus: a, paired lateral openings; b, anterior opening of aorta; c, anterior; d, posterior ventral opening -------- Side.view. on the heart ofsArguilusamerncanus <2 52- ss. 352 cence = 3-555 -~ he Nervous: system Ol Argulus QMETICONUS —.<..--< 252 --<00 nea --- Sexual organs of female Argulus americanus: 0, ovary; 0. v., oviduct; 8. p., semen papille; s. 7., semen receptacle; f. p., tactile papille at the openings ieee Gran tiG Demerath ae Sern c on he Sc nce wae Sorc acim = 5,2 Sinai a Semen receptacles and papillee of Argulus americanus female: b. 1., basal lobes of posterior legs; s. d., ducts leading from the receptacles to the papillee; 8. p., semen papillie; s. 7., semen receptacles; f. p., tactile papillae... --.--- Sexual organs of male Argulus americanus: b. c., blind capsule; e. 7., ejacula- tory duct; s. v., semen visicle; ¢., testes; v. d., vas deferens; v. ¢., vas enlerens!s 22s. ON orp SSL eee Ea Ss a taal ars pas wiee a2 rate Sal Posterior legs and abdomen of Argulus americanus .....-.------------------- Micro-photograph of egg string of Argulus americanus, showing the jelly pro- tuberances and the larve partially developed .-..-..---..---.-.------:----- An egg of Argulus americanus approaching maturity. .......----------------- Newly hatched larvee of Arquius americanus ~ 2.2... =-.-25s.ss.sl=----5 Free thorax and abdomen of Argulus americanus larva .........------------- First antennze of the newly hatched larva of Argulus americanus ......-.----- Anterior maxilliped of the newly hatched Argulus americanus ......-------.- Second maxilliped of the newly hatched larva of Argulus americanus. ..------ First swimming leg of the newly hatched larva of Argulus americanus Worsalaviewr OimlemealemAangulusMenslCOlolsam cme eee eee iae ene ae eee cee ce eae Ventral view of female Argulus versicolor Detail of antenne of Argulus versicolor Sting and poison gland of Argulus versicolor: ch. r., chitin rib of proboscis; d., ducts of poison gland; g., poison gland; m. in., mandible muscles; oe. m., cesophagus muscle; oe. i’., side musele of cesophagus; 7. m., retractor mus- GLa re RUDD e reer ee eNOS eee ee eee een ao Ree en ee < as anielScinin a ae seas Chitin skeleton of the proboscis in Argulus versicolor ....-...---------------- Chitin ribs in the margin of the sucking disks of Argulus versicolor Posterior masctlipet ot 2irgulus versicolor= oo son.2-ss2 5-6 -c ase cee ec ese tae Scales on ventral surface of the posterior maxillipeds of Argulus versicolor... - Terminal joint of posterior maxilliped of Argulus versicolor ....-...---------- Dorsal surface of the anterior leg on the right side of Argu/us versicolor, show- ine size anc attachment.of normal Hagellum::°..7.-..:-.--.----.-5-5--:- Three posterior pairs of legs in the male Argulus versicolor.....-.------------ Basal joints of the two posterior legs of male Argulus versicolor, seen from the WGN SOURIS aN a pk aR ee er Se ee Worsal, suriace/ ola temale Aroulustrilineatds- 525-2. 25. - 2-255 ee eee e ee Wentral-suntacch ota temale Arqulusinilinediao---- (2. - 22-22 ei oe a ew oes eee First and second antennie of Argulus trilineata EGstenoniiaxdtlMoeds OLnATGULUS UMMINCGLG!§ 55-25 2-2 se cise seme ecck eee lee ne One of the pigment spots on the dorsal surface of the free thorax of Argulus TERI TRC CULO een eta eta ete a Nes Naat sere aM IoD Sik ere New clean ota ea a apecings Ses vie Abdomen of Sphwxroma pentodon Idotea gracillima Abdomen of Jdoiea gracillima showing variations ‘Sis Itd te BR OTAST (PUMLAL FU toes BR SDs wo RA a ASR Ba EAE ot IS pre aU are aa a> a Head of (a) Sunidotea ritteri and of (b) S. consolidata Proc. N. M. vol... xxvn—03———-1 634 636 637 637 638 639 640 641 641 642 642 645 646 646 647 648 648 648 649 649 649 650 650 652 653 654 65 655 660 662 662 664 664 XVI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Abdomen of (a) Synidotea ritteri and of (b) 8. CONSOILAGLG 2 eee eee Janiropsis kincaidi ....--.------------ +--+ 922-0230 nse na arena Maxilliped of Janiropsis kineaidi..-..------------------+---++++-22+-+22-+----- Last thoracic segment, abdomen, and uropoda of Janiropsis kincaidi..-------- Uropod of Janiropsis FINGAIE se Ae Se Bee ee eee oe ee ee eee Janiropsis kincaidi; a, middle piece of male operculum; /, lateral plate of male operculum; ¢, second pleopod of male ......----------------------------- Janiropsis kincaidi: a, leg of first pair; b, leg of second pair -....-.-..--------- Anterior part of body of Janiropsts californica...--.-----.----.-------------- Posterior part of body of Janiropsis californica ---------+-------22-.--2----=- Aselliis tOMGLENSIS 2an8 Se See ee ee eee See ae See ee eee eee Mandible‘ot Alsellustomiulensis--2- 55 = a ee ee eee hee of first. pair of Asellis tomalensts>o—.- 22 ae eeee ee ae eee Head and first thoracic segment of Trichoniscus papillicornis ......----------- MrichonisGus apuliconivisn=-s- = 360 == sae ne ee eee eee eee Uropod and last segment of abdomen of Trichoniscus papillicornis ...-..------ Uropod of left side of Trichoniseus papilheornis.... J. - = <= a 32 ee ee Leg of first pair of Drichoniseus papillicormts. 2222s 4 ee ee eee EGO GUCMPULGSIIUUS 5 = © Beare eee ol a te Frontal lamina and peduncles of both pairs of antennie of ya quadratasinus . Terminal segment with uropoda of tga quadratausinus ......---.-.---------- Keo of third pair’of Aga quadratasiniss. = So ae ee ee ee Rocinelashawaviensis..<-25. se hnnss aes ose eee he ee Leg of second pair of Rocinela hawaviensis...- - Aisi ccgeate see eee eae Young male of Cymothoa recta Zonophryxus retrodens: a, dorsal view; b, ventral view Masalllipedkot Zonophinymusictnod cs = sa a ere First lamella of marsupium of Zonophryxcus retrodens Zonophry«cus retrodens, male Entophilus omnitectus: a, dorsal yiew; 6, ventral view; c, lateral view Maxilliped:ot Pniephilus omnitectus:< —s2cch. = sae re ee ee Leg of fifth pair with fifth lamella of marsupium attached, and fifth ‘‘lame pleurale??ot'-ntopiilus ommnitectus 22. 2 se eee eee One double-branched pleopod of Entophilus omnitectus.........-------------- First lamella of marsupium of Entophilus ommnitectus ...........-------.------ Entophilus omnitectus, male: a, dorsal view; 6b, ventral view .......---------- Divided median tooth of middle lobe of nymphal labium: @; in Cordulegaster diadema:b Am Cx COrsQuis= 22 sas ee ee a I ee End of abdomen of nymph of Dythemis fugax ? from above Labium of nymph of Orthemis ferruginea, from within............----------- End of abdomen of nymph ef Micrathyria pallida, from above...---.-------- Terminal abdominal appendages of the male of Mierathyria pallida Genital hamule and lobe of male of Mierathyria pallida...........-.--.------ Caudal gill lamellee of nymph of Telagrion deckii, from the side Middle gill lamella of nymph of Telebasis'salua.........:----------<---+----- Labium of nymph of Hesperagrion heterodoxum, the lateral lobe of the same, more enlarged Middle gill lamella of nymph of Hesperagrion heterodoxum.......-.---------- Middle gill lamella of nymph of Leptobasis sp.2 from Porto Rico Head of Haploplus evadne Helliastus sumichrasti, var. sabrosea, male Pinna of Goniophlebium pringlei Photomicrograph of olivine in graphitic troilite area Page. 665 680 681 681 681 697 700 703 710 711 711 716 716 inal 718 718 950 951 952 954 956 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XVII PLATES. Facing page. ERD SCUCESLO CESISCHLIOT TS Serene Bae aon ee erat oe ey aeran ee Ln ee SL Se 176 pe aS CUCL SUO CLO RU TLS OCS CCTIG ere enema ato ae re Oe Made Men Set Sas 176 SaeE MISbeMUN OR MeO DOSQI Msi TAUSii =o) pe aee eerie See tee cane Sop ee 196 4. External aspect of right humerus of Placerias hesternus ........--.---- 196 5. Map of South America, distribution of the subspecies Troglodytes musculus 210 Te MENG SSN, crit ors 24 - ay 101d lal ee epee ae ta ey Ae os ee 222, oe RSME TR WL Ue rn CH CHiVeronOnC dine Per etern NCIS E eur Phe eee ny eos e nie til 230 DM SOME OuUMaMe dts cerae tee soc ee eee ke Be nes tet eS tei tel eae 348 Scr AMmeniCn nS tn ORUniCEGs. tent na ae neta bw eos Lewis eee 470 Eo ty ALC rOd Oc Ou \aMtONMAn . (eyes imperfectly developed or wanting), Leptanthura Sars, Alaotanais Norman and Stebbing (there are minute ocular lobes but no eyes) Pseudotanais Sars (eyes are imperfect or absent), Anuropus Beddard, 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Ple urogonium fo Leptaspidia Bate and Westwood, Nannoniscus Sars. Dendrotion Sars, Ischnosoma Sars, Spheromides Dollfus, Stena- sellus Dollfus, Czecospheroma Dollfus, Hypsimetopus Sayce, Mescre nais Dollfus, Zeterias (new name for Janirella Sayce, preoccupied %), and Phreatoicoides Sayce. In a number of species belonging to well-known genera eyes are also lacking. The list includes: Zrichoniscus cavernicola Budde-Lund, Astacilla ceca Benedict, Rocinela typhlops Bonnier, Munella dantect Bonnier, Brackenridgia cavernarum Ulrich, Trichoniscus stygcus Nemec, Cérolana cubensis Hay, Monolistris ceca Gersteecker, Asellus cavaticus Schicedte, Pseudarmadillo carinulatus Saussure, Condlera stygia Packard, Phreatoicus typicus Chilton, Harponyx pranizoides Sars, and Serolis anartica Beddard. None of the Munnopside or Desmosomide have eyes. Eyes are likewise usually absent among the Epicaridea. Stebbing says that the explanation for the fact that many of the genera of Tanaide are blind is to be found in their habit of living ensconced in the sand. Many of the blind forms are deep-sea species, others are cave- dwellers, and some have been found in wells at great depths. Structural degeneration of the eyes is found in some of the deep-sea Serolide, no retinula being present, although the vitreous body is ae (Beddard). . Antennxe.—There are two pairs of antenne. The first pair are somouunes called antennules, superior or upper antenne. These are rudimentary in the Oniscoidea, are inconspicuous, never more than three-jointed, and sometimes wholly wanting (Helleriide). Usually the antennules are composed of three peduncular joints and a many- jointed flagellum. The Valvifera, however, are without this multi- articulate flagellum, all the joints being consolidated to form a single clavate joint. The flagellum of the first pair of antennz in the Tanaide is rudimentary or sometimes wanting in the female. This is also true of Cyathura Stebbing, females, LZeptanthura Sars, females, Janthopsis Beddard, Jxropsis Koehler, Man ostylis Sars, and Vannoniscus Sars, all having a rudimentary flagellum to the antennules. In the genera Anuropus Beddard and Vannoniscus Sars, the first antenns have but two joints. In Makarthrium® Chilton, the antennules have but three joints, the first two of which are flattened and form plates surrounding the anterior margin of the head. The Apseudide are characterized by having two multi-articulate flagelli to the superior antennee, the second flagellum being sometimes called the secondary filament. The second pair of antenne, inferior or lower antenn, are usually composed of five peduncular joints and a multi-articulate flagellum. a Tanai Bonnie » ©new genus of Ase/lidx is described, Ann. Uniy. Lyon, XX VI, 1896. » Chelonidium Pieffer is a synonym of Plakarthrium Chilton. no. 13850. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. 7 Munnopsis M. Sars, Paramunna Sars, Pleurogonium Sars, Nannonis- cus Sars, and /Hurycope Sars are exceptions, having a six-jointed pedun- cle, and Hwrydice Leach has only four joints to the peduncle of the second antenne. In Plakarthriuwm Chilton the third and fourth joints of the peduncle of the second antenne are flattened to form plates. Variations are found in the structure of the flagellum. The joints of the multi-articulate flagellum are all united in one tapering joint in the following genera: Symmdus Richardson, Lyrichsonella Benedict, Cleantis Dana, and Husymmerus Richardson. The flagellum of the lower antenne is rudimentary in both sexes in the Tanaide, in the genus /eropsis Koehler, /dotea Guérin-Méneville, Apelys Dana, Lep- tanthura Sars and Cyathura Norman and Stebbing; also in the males of Paranthura Bate and Westwood. A few genera, Apseudes Leach, Stenetrium Haswell, Janthe Boval- lius, Janira Leach, Trichopleon Beddard, Janiropsis Sars, and Crure- gens Chilton are characterized by having an exopod or antennal scale, movable and ciliated, attached to the peduncle of the second pair of antenne. The inferior antenne in the Epicaridea are greatly reduced. Both pairs in the females of the Entoniscide are transformed into lips. In the Cryptoniscide they are entirely wanting. The antenne are of great length in many Isopods. In the genera Munnopsis M. Sars, Hurycope G. O. Sars, and Arcturus Latreille they attain a great development, being many times longer than the body. The greatly elongated second antennz of the Arcturidee are supposed to serve as a nursery for the young, which for some time after they have left the incubatory pouch are found clinging to the antennz of the parent. In this way they are protected and are able to receive the nourishment which the parent secures for them and for herself. 3. Mouth parts.—‘*The upper lip usually forms a plate projecting from the top of the oral aperture over the cutting edges of the mandi- bles, and may have an inner plate lying parallel to the outer. The lower lip is bilobed, or forms two pairs of lobes, of which the inner pair is much the smaller.” @ The maxillipeds are a pair of appendages, consisting of a basal part, the protopodite, usually composed of one segment; a palp or endopo- dite, with varying number of joints; an epignath or epipodite, which usually consists of one article, and is aflixed to the protopodite at its external margin. In the Chelifera the epignath extends within the branchial cavity; in the Atgide it is fusel with the protopodite; in Plakarthrium Chilton it is wanting. There are two pairs of maxille. The second, posterior or outer pair is three-lobed at the tip, the two outer lobes being articulated to the basal segment or protopodite. In the Oniscoidea the posterior maxille — The above nomenclature was suggested by Dr. Theodore Gill for the primary marine regions or realms in place of the zones used by Dana. Proce. Biol. Soe. Washington, II, 1885, pp. 1-66. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Chiridotea sabina (Kreyer), Chiridotea entomon (Linneus), and Glyptonotus antarticus Kights’ being found in the Frigid Zone or Arctalian Realm.’ The Sphxromide are nearly all cold-water species, though not reach- ing into the Arctalian Realm. Spheroma thermophilum Richardson, from a warm spring in New Mexico, and S. dugest Dollfus, also from a warm spring in New Mexico, are exceptions. The Idoteide are the most decidedly cold-water forms, the Cymothoi- de and the Corallanide the least so. The following genera extend into the Arctalian Realm: /dotea, Glyptonotus, Jera, Janira, Munna, Aga, Serolis, Gnathia, Arcturus, Tanais, Liriopsis, Phryxus, Dajus, Chiridotea, Cryptocope, Leptogna- thia, Sphyrapus, Synidotea, Astacilla, Munnopsis, Eurycope, Calathura, and Bopyroides. In the Pararctalian and Notalian realms there is a commingling of forms from the Arctalian, Antarctalian, and Tropicalian realms. Some of the terrestrial Isopods are very widely distributed, such well-known species as Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille), Porcellio levis (Latreille), Porcellio scaber (Latreille), Oniscus asellus Latreille, and Metoponorthus pruinosus (Brandt) being cosmopolitan and found all over the world. Many of the marine forms from the coast of Norway, England, and the Atlantic coast of Europe, and from the Mediterranean are carried by the Gulf Stream along the Atlantic coast of North America and are found on the coast as far south as the West Indies and the Bermudas. Among the number on record from European waters found on the Atlantic coast of North America may be mentioned: /dotea metallica Bose, Pocinela maculata Schicedte and Meinert, ya ventrosa M. Sars, ga arctica Liitken, Sphyrapus malleolus Norman and Stebbing, Aya webbii (Guérin), Synidotea bicuspida (Owen), Calathura branchiata (Stimpson), Cyathura carinata (Kroyer), Aga psora (Linneus), Ciro- lana concharum (Stimpson), /dotea marina (Linneus), Jera marina (Fabricius), Arcturus baffind (Sabine), C’rolana borealis Lilljeborg, Gnathia elongata (Kroyer), Astacilla granulata (Sars), Adiga crenulata Liitken, Cryptocope arctica Hansen, Leptognathia longiremis (Lillje- borg), Conilera cylindricea (Montagu), Leptochelia savignyt (Kroyer), Eurycope cornuta (Sars), Munnopsis typica M. Sars, Janira maculosa Leach, Munna fabricii Kroyer, Munna kreyeri Goodsir, Limnoria lignorum (Rathke), Zanais cavolinii Milne Edwards, Leptochelia dubia (Kroyer), Jeera albifrons Leach, Aya incisa Schicedte and Meinert, “ Bathynomus giganteus Milne Edwards coming from the Caribbean Sea is not an exception, because it is found at great depths, where the temperature of the water is very low. ’The above nomenclature was suggested by Dr. Theodore Gill for the primary marine regions or realms in place of the zones used by Dana. Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, II, 1855, pp. 1-66. no. 1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. Zo Syscenus infelix Harger, Rocinela dumerili (Lucas), and Dajus mysidis Kroyer. Chiridotea sabini (Kreyer) is a cireumpolar species, having been recorded from the Pacific coast of North America, Greenland, the Siberian Polar Sea, the Kara Sea, and Franz-Josef Land (Sars). Synidotea nodulosa (Kr@yer) is also circumpolar and occurs along the west and east coasts of North America. Some of the Bopyride have a wide distribution. DPhryxus abdomi- nalis (Kroyer) has been recorded from the coast of Norway, from Greenland, and from the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America, the various species of host which it infests being circumpolar. Bopy- roides hippolytes (Kroyer) is found also on both coasts of North Amer- ica, the form from the west coast having been described by Stimpson under the name acutimarginata. It is interesting to note the similarity between several of the species found on the Atlantic coast of North America and those of the Pacific coast, the differences separating them being very slight. Hansen has pointed out the close resemblance of his two species Aya maxima, from Cocos Island, and .Aya acuminata, from the Galapagos Islands, to ga psora (inneus) from the Atlantic coast; of his species Aya plebeia from Cocos Island and the Galapagos Islands, to Aya ventrosa Sars from the coast of Greenland; of his species Rocinela modesta, from the Gulf of Panama to Pocinela maculata Schicedte and Meinert, from Greenland, and of his species Rocinela laticauda from the coast of Mexico to Pocinela australis Schicedte and Meinert from the Straits of Magellan. ocinela affinis Richardson from Japan also presents striking reseinblances to Rocinela oculata Harger from the Atlantic coast of North America. Cilicea caudata gilliana Richardson and Dynamene tuberculosa Richardson from the Pacific coast are quite similar to forms from the Atlantic coast, C7licea caudata (Say) and Dynamene bermudensis (Ives) from the Gulf of Mexico, Yucatan, and the Bermudas. A rather remarkable instance of a shallow-water organism coming from two very remote localities is that of Leptocheiia minuta Dana. The type species of this form was obtained from the Fijis, at the island of Ovalau, from among seaweed and small corals. A few years ago this species was again recorded by Stebbing, but this time from the West Indies, at Long Island, where it was found in shallow water covered with alge. In the present paper record is made of a species Aya deshaysiana (Milne Edwards) known to West Indian waters, being obtained by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross at the Hawaiian Islands. In explanation of these facts Dr. Gill has said: The inference is irresistible that such types have migrated from common ground, and may have originally developed either in the deep sea and thence dispersed in opposite directions, or at one of the extremes, and wandered thence over the bot- tom to their final resting places. 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVI. 12. SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS. In many cases the males and females are alike in general characters, although there may be slight differences in size and proportions. In some instances, however, differences occur of the following nature: the antenne in the males may be longer than in the females; this is true of the Ligiide for example. The males of Lega baudiniana Edwards also have a fringe of bristles or stiff hairs along the carpus and the merus of the first pair of legs, which character is entirely wanting in the females. Légia exotica Roux is provided with a proc- ess extending from the propodus of the first pair of legs in the males, this process being absent in the females. The males of Corallana tricornis Hansen, Corallana quadricornis Hansen, and Corallana sex- tcornis Richardson have in the first species named three spines on the dorsal surface of the head, in the second species four spines on the head, and in the third species four spines on the head and two on the basal joints of the antennule, the head of the female in all these species being entirely unarmed. Among the Tanaide and the Apseudide the first pair of legs of the males are much more robust and very much larger than those of the females, although they are usually similar in structure. ‘The males of several species of the genus Leptochelia Dana have greatly elongated first gnathopods and antennz while the same appendages in the females are greatly reduced. The genera of the Janiridz, in which the first pair of legs of the males is different in structure from the other pairs, show a similarity in structure in all seven pairs with the females. Carpias bermudensis Richardson, which presents this tendency in the extreme, being remarkable for the great size and peculiar structure of the first pair of legs, exhibits no peculiarities of this kind in the female. The legs of the first pair in the species, Stenetrium stebbingt Richardson, differ in form from those of the female, both, however, being chelate in character. In the Spheromide the genus C7/icea Leach has the first abdominal segment in the male produced in a long spine or process, which, accord- ing to Haswell, is sometimes wanting in the female. The males of the genus /socladus Miers have the seventh thoracic segment produced in a long spine, which is not developed in the female. Cyclo/dura Steb- bing, an Australian genus of the Spheromide, has the seventh seg- ment of the thorax produced into a large dorsal spine, at least in the male. Ceratocephalus Woodward, also a Sphzeromid genus, has the head of the male drawn out into three large processes, of which the middle one is much the longest; in the female faintly marked projections take the place of these processes. The sixth segment of the thorax in Campecopea Leach is produced in a long tooth in the male, but not in the female. no.13850. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. BL In this order, with the exception of the Epicaridea, perhaps there is no greater distinction between the males and the females than in the family Gnathiide. Owing to these differences, at one time the young and the females were included in a separate family from that to which the males were assigned. The relationship between the two forms was definitely established by Mr. Eugene Hesse, although sug- gestions were made by Leach as early as 1814 pointing to this con- clusion. The adult males have powerful mandibles projecting in front of the large quadrangularly shaped head. In the female the mandi- bles are absent and the head is small and triangular. The first gnath- opods in the male are two-jointed opercular appendages. In the female the first pair of legs He in a membranous plate supposed to be marsupial in character (Stebbing). With the Epicaridea not only is sexual dimorphism most marked, but the males also differ from the females in the shape of the body, which is elongate and always bilaterally symmetrical, while the body of the female is usually more or less asymmetrical, and has a ten- dency to be circular in outline, and in the fact that the segments of the abdomen may be distinct or fused irrespective of this condition in the female. 13. ALTERATION OF SEX AND HERMAPHRODITISM. The peculiar phenomenon of the alteration of sex occurs among some of the Cymothoide. The young male at one period is protan- drous, being provided with rudimentary female reproductive organs within the male reproductive organs. When the integument is shed the female reproductive organs develop at the expense of the male organs, the incubatory lamelle arise at the base of the thoracic legs, and the copulatory organs are thrown off. This alteration of sex and temporary hermaphroditism of the pro- tandrous type has been observed in Cymothoa, Nerocila, Anilocra, and Jcthyowenos. The Cryptoniscian larvee (males) of the Epicaridea develop into adult males and females, the larvee which are to become females having at one period both male and female reproductive organs. In the fam- ily Cryptoniscide the males not transformed into females do not pass beyond the form of the Cryptoniscian larve. With the family Enton- iscide certain males undergo, while retaining their sex, a metamor- phosis less complete than that of the female, but sufficiently great to givea very different appearance to this second form. ‘Thus the Enton- iscide have larval males (complementary males) as well as degraded: adult males, both fertile. It may be possible as Girard and Bonnier suggest, that, if the adult degraded male should disappear, one of these complementary males may take its place and continue its transforma- tion into the adult form. The Cryptoniscide have only larval males, The Bopyride have only degraded adult males. 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. i ISOPODA COLLECTED IN JAPAN IN THE YEAR 1900 BY THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER ALBATROSS, AND IN THE YEAR 1881 BY THE U.S. Se BAEOS: The collections made in Japan by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross and the U. 8. 8S. Palos contained material that was interest- ing and, for the most part, new to science. In the present paper two new genera and several new species are added to the list of those already known. LIST OF REFERENCES. Dana, JAMES D. Crustacea U.S. Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S. N. Philadelphia, 1852. XT, Pte, pys04; Atlas, pla mia ely. Hansen, H. J. Cirolanidee et familiz nonnull propinque Musei Hauniensis. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., 6te Reekke, naturvidenskabeliig og mathematisk Afd. Kj@benhayn, 5te Bd. 3, 1890, pp. 326-327, pl. 1, figs. 2-29. —— Report on the Dredging Operations of the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. 8. Fish Commission steamer Albatross during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. Cambridge, 1897. XXII, The Isopoda. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Col- lege, XX XI, No. 5, p. 108, pl. m1, figs. 2, 3. Harcer, Oscar. Reports on the Results of Dredging, under the Supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the East Coast of the United States, during the Summer of 1880, by the U. 8. Coast Survey steamer Blake, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S. N., commanding. Cambridge, 1888. XXIII. Report on the Isopoda. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard College, XI, No. 4, pp. 97, 98, pl. 11, figs. 2-2a; TO Lva eel HAswe.i, Wittiam A. On Some New Australian Marine Isopoda. Pt. 1. Proce. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales, V, 1880, pp. 470-481, pls. xvi—x1x. Miers, E. J. Catalogue of the Stalk and Sessile-eyed Crustacea of New Zealand. London, 1876, p. 109, pl. mu, fig. 3. Crustacea. Zoological Collections of H. M.S. Alert. London, 1884, pp. 302- 304, pl. xxxiu, fig. a, and pl. xxxu1, fig. B. Richarpson, Harrier. Description of Four New Species of Rocinela, with a Synopsis of the Genus. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., Philadelphia, 1898, XXX VII, pp. 14-15, figs. 5, 6. Key to the Isopods of the Pacific Coast of North America, with Descriptions of Twenty-two New Species. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, Washington, 1899, X XI, pp. 828 and 868. Scuiapre, J. C., and Merert, Fr. Symbole ad monographiam Cymothoarum, Crustaceorum Isopodum Familiz. (Continuato) Additamenta. Index sys- tematicus. Index alphabeticus. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, Kjabenhavn, 1884, (3) XIV, 1883-84, pp. 360-362, pl. xv, figs. 1-2. Sreppinc, T. R. R. Arctic Crustacea: Bruce Collection. London. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) V, p. 14, 1900. Stimpson, Witiram. Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Shores of North America, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Cambridge, 1857, VI, 1857, p. 71. No. 1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. 33 PLABELLIFE RA or-C YMOTHOIDEA. Family GIDE. ROCINELA ANGUSTATA, new species. Rocinela laticauda RicHarpson (not Hansen), Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., XX XVII, 1898, No. 157, pp. 14-15, figs. 5-6; Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Museum, X XI, 1899, p. 828. 2 Locality.—Manazura, Japan. (Collected by the U.S. Fish Com- mission steamer A/batross.) This species formerly identified by the author with ?. laticauda Hansen“ from Acapulco, Mexico, is now given a new specific name. It can be differentiated from ?. /aticauda Hansen by the difference in the width of the abdomen compared with the thorax, the abdomen being much broader in 72. laticauda Hansen than in 2. angustata Richardson; in having but four spines on the propodus of the prehen- sile legs, while in 2. /aticauda Hansen there are six; in having six spines (five are wrongly given in the earlier description) on the merus of the prehensile legs, while in 2. daticawda Hansen there are four, and in the shorter antenne. Four specimens of this species were obtained by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross, one from off San Luis Obispo Bay, California, another off Esteros Bay, Cali- fornia, a third at Puget Sound, and a fourth from Unimak Island, Alaska. All four specimens are alike in character; two are males, and two females. The specimen from Japan, a male, agrees with the specimens referred to 2. angustata Richardson with this exception: There are four spines instead of six on the merus of the prehensile legs. It has the narrow abdomen, the shorter antenne, and the four spines on the propodus of the prehensile legs, as stated in the descrip- tion of 2. (laticauda) angustata Richardson. ROCINELA AFFINIS, new species. Body ovate; color uniformly yellow. Head large, triangular, and produced over the basal joints of the antenne in a truncate process. Eyes large, occupying the greater portion of the head and contiguous along the median line. The ocular lobes do not project posteriorly. The ocelli are arranged in ten rows along the long axis of the eye. The first pair of antennz extend to the end of the peduncle of the second pair of antennz; the first joint of the peduncle is very short and is almost concealed by the frontal process; the flagellum consists of five joints. The second pair of antenne extend but a short distance beyond the first thoracic segment; «Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard College, 1897, XXXI, No. 5, p. 108, pl. m1, fee, 3: Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03 3 3b4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII, the first joint of the peduncle is entirely concealed by the frontal process; the flagellum consists of fourteen joints. The first and second segments of the thorax are equal in length. The third is longer and the fourth the longest. The fifth segment is short and equal in length to the first or second segment. The sixth segment is very short in the median dorsal line, being about one-third the length of the preceding segment. The seventh segment is extremely short, being half as long in the median line as the sixth segment. The epi- mera of the second and third segments are not so acutely produced as in the following seg- ments. Those of the fourth, fifth, and sixth segments are narrow and have acute posterior extremities. The epimera of the seventh seg- ment are broad, but also acutely produced. The first abdominal segment is not evident in a dorsal view, being entirely concealed by the last thoracic segment. The second, third, and fourth segments are produced laterally in acute processes. The fifth seg- ment is narrow, not as wide as the terminal segment, but is longer than the preceding segments in the median line. The terminal segment is roundly triangulate, with margins fringed with a few hairs. The outer branch of the uropoda is broadly expanded, rounded posteriorly, and is about twice as wide as the inner branch. The outer margin is crenulate, and beset with ten spines. The inner branch is narrow, and rounded posteriorly, and is equal in length to the outer branch. The first three pairs of legs have long curved dactyli. The pro- podus of the first pair is armed with four spines, the carpus with one, and the merus with two. The second and third pairs have the propodus armed with only three spines. The other legs are long, slender, and somewhat spinulose. Only one specimen was taken by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross, at the entrance Fic. 2—Lee or rrest PAIR of Port Heda, Japan, at a depth of 167 fathoms. °° 2°84 AFFINIS: x10. Type.—Cat. No. 29083, U.S.N.M. This species is very closely related to 2. oculata Harger,” to which it bears a very striking resemblance. It differs from that species in the following points: Fig. 1.—ROCINELA AFFINIS, NEW SPECIES. x 4. a Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard College, xan No. 4, 1883, pp- 97-98; pl. II, figs. 2-2a; pl. rv, fig. 1. no.1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHA RDSON. oD (1) In the entire concealment of the first abdominal segment on the dorsal side by the last thoracic segment; (2) in the much larger epimera of the seventh thoracic segment, which are quite as prominent as those of the sixth segment, and are somewhat broader, the posterior extremi- ties not being on a level with those of the sixth segment, as is true of RF. oculata, but extending some little distance behind; (8) in having the propodus of the legs of the first pair armed with only four stout spines, while in £2. ocu/ata there are eight, and in having two stout spines, also, on the merus, while in 7. ocu/ata there are none; the legs of the second and third pairs have three spines on the propodus, while in 2. oculata they have six spines; and (4) in not having the eyes pro- duced posteriorly into lobes as in 2. oculata. Family CIROLANID. CIROLANA JAPONENSIS, new species. Body about three times as long as wide, rather convex. Head transverse. Eyes very small, round, and situated at the antero-lateral corners of the head. Color of eyes light brown. Frontal margin of head with small median point, on either side of which is a depression for the reception of the antenne. First pair of antennz very short, reach- ne ing only to the end of the fourth joint of the pe- ZS \\ duncle of the second pair of antenne; flagellum eS with joints very short and difficult to distinguish; as igen Fe oe they number about ten. Second pair of antenne — axp 1azrum oF Crro- extend a little beyond the posterior margin of the Ber se een third thoracic segment; the flagellum contains . about twenty-four joints. Frontal lamina or interantennal plate is narrow and elongate, this and the clypeus being unarmed and perfectly flat. The first segment of the thorax is not greatly longer than the second, although it is a little longer. The fourth, fifth, and sixth segments are equal in length to each other and to the first, being slightly longer than the second, third, and seventh. The epimera of the second and third segments are not produced posteriorly. Those of the following four segments are produced posteriorly, a gradual increase in this feature being noticeable. The posterior extremity of the epimera of the seventh segment reaches the posterior margin of the second abdominal segment. All the epimera are broad and smooth, with only a faint trace of arched carine. The first four segments of the abdomen are of equal width and of nearly equal length. The third and fourth have the post-lateral extremities produced. The fifth segment is covered at the sides by the post-lateral prolongations of the fourth segment. The sixth seg- 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. ment is triangulate, with apex obtuse, the sides converging more rap- idly to the posterior third portion of the segment. This posterior part of the last segment is crenulate, and armed with about ten spines and numerous hairs. The inner branch of the uropoda is about twice as broad as the outer. Both branches are equal in length, crenulate on both margins, and armed with spines and hairs. The legs of the first pair have the ischium and merus distally produced, the process of the merus extending half the length of the propodus. The a _ carpus is very small, almost inconspicuous. There eer eee aL are a few spines on the inferior margin of the merus, BNEISS erst) carpus, and propodus. In the second and third pairs of legs the carpus is larger, and the process of the merus extends to the end of this joint. The fourth and fifth pairs of legs are similar, with the exception that the basis in the fifth pair is more dilated and less slender than in the fourth pair. The sixth and seventh pairs have the basis much dilated, forming a high carina. AJl the legs are furnished with long, plumose hairs. Spines also are present along the margins of the legs. Color, uniformly light yellow; eyes, light brown. Only one specimen was taken by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/ba- tross, at Yokkaichi Light, Japan. Type.—Cat. No. 29085, U.S.N.M. This species is closely related to C. hirtipes Milne Edwards,” but the fol- lowing characters may serve to distin- guish it from that species: Clypeus somewhat wider than labrum, being produced at the lateral angles; anten- nx longer than in C. Airtipes, reaching the posterior margin of the third tho- racic segment; eyes smaller than 1m6C2 alam ee ang so aera hirtipesand round; epimera of thoracic — @, oF Firsr parr; b, OF SECOND PATR; ¢, OF segments not ornamented with arcuate "7 PATR: @: OF SEVENTH PAIR. x 10. carine (*‘furea”), only faint traces of these being evident; the legs of the first three pairs are not provided with a spine at the apex of the ischium and merus, as is true of C. Aértipes; the other four pairs of legs are provided with spines along the margins and a few spines on oH. J. Hansen. Cirolanide, ete., Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., 6te R. Naturvidenskabelig og Mathematisk Afd. 5te Bd. 3, p. 326. no. 1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. Dd some of the joints, while in C. A¢rtipes the spines are more numerous on the margins and grouped together in rows on the ischium, merus, and carpus; and the posterior margin of the terminal segment of the abdomen is armed with ten rather than sixteen spines. This species differs from (C. schiédtei Miers“ in the form of the frontal lamina (interantennal plate), which in the latter species bears a strong tooth at its anterior extremity. It differs from C. tenuistylis Miers in not having the first thoracic segment greatly longer than the other segments. From (. rossi¢ Miers” it differs in the form of the eyes, which in that species are narrow-oblong, and extend ‘‘along the sides of the head from the front margin of the first segment of the body nearly to the bases of the antenn.” Family CYMOTHOID®. LIVONECA PROPINQUA, new species. Body broad, with sides subparaliel, twisted either to right or left. Abdomen not narrower than thorax. Color, dark yellow. Head small, triangular; front produced in an obtuse point; posterior margin straight. Eyes moderately large, oval, and situated at the lateral angles of the head. First pair of antenne extend nearly to the antero-lateral angles of a the first thoracic seg- ment; each consists of seven joints. Second pair of antenne reach the posterior margin of the head; each is composed of thirteen joints. First thoracic seg- ment considerably longer than any of the others. The antero- lateral angles of this FiG. 7.—LIVONECA PROPINQUA. segment extend up a, LEG OF FIFTH PAIR; b, LEG Fic. 6.—LIVONECA PROPINQUA, ms : OF SIXTH PAIR; ¢C, LEG OF NEW SPECIES. | X 3. around the head on SEVENTH PAIR. X10. either side; the poste- rior angles are widely rounded. The other thoracic segments are about equal in length, the seventh segment being somewhat shorter. @ Zoological Collections of H. M.S. Alert, 1884, pp. 302-804, pl. xxxiu, fig. A, and pl. xxxin, fig. B. >Catalogue of the Stalk and Sessile-eyed Crustacea of New Zealand, 1876, p. 109, plan, fig. 3: 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. The epimera of the second and third segments are long and narrow, and extend the whole length of the lateral margin of the segments. The epimera of the fourth and fifth segments are short and pointed posteriorly, and extend only half the length of their respective seg ments. The epimera of the sixth segment are pointed posteriorly and extend three-fourths the length of the segment; those of the seventh seoment are rounded posteriorly and extend fully to the posterior margin of the seventh segment. The abdominal segments are short but fully as wide as the thoracic seoments. The terminal segment is transverse, about twice as wide as long, with the posterior margin widely rounded. The uropoda are narrow our-like appendages, somewhat tapering toward the extremity, which is rounded. The outer branch is a little longer than the inner branch and extends almost to the posterior margin of the terminal abdominal segment. The legs are all similar, with the exception that the carina of the basis is very high on the four posterior pairs. This species differs from LZ. caudata Schicedte and Meinert“ from Japan in the fact that the carina of the basis is much higher than in that species; in the longer uropoda, the outer branch being the longer one in L. propingua, while the reverse is true in L. caudata Schicedte and Meinert; and in the transverse terminal segment. Three specimens were obtained by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross at Port Heda, Japan. Type.—Cat. No. 29086, U.S.N.M. Family SPHAROMID. CYMODOCEA ACUTA, new species. Surface of body smooth; color white with numerous black dots. Head large, broader than long, with prominent median point. Eyes large, situated in the post-lateral angulations, the ocular lobes extending some distance beyond the pos- terior margin of the head. First pair of antenne extend almost to the posterior margin of the first thoracic seg- ment; first two joints of peduncle large, dilated, the first one long, the second very short; third joint long and slender; flagellum composed of about seventeen joints. Second pair of antenne reach the posterior mar- Fic. 8—Cymopvo- gin of the second thoracic segment; flagellum composed Creasy Of about twenty joints. First segment of thorax is twice as long as any of the others. The following six segments are subequal in length. The lateral parts of all the segments are produced in narrow, acute angu- lations. The epimera are indicated by faint suture marks. “ Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, (3) XIV, 1883-84, pp. 360-362, pl. xv, figs. 1-2. No.1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. 39 The first segment of the abdomen is twice as long as the last tho- racic segment. There are three suture lines on either side, the first pair being entirely concealed except in a lateral view. This segment is posteriorly produced in two small points, one on either side of the median line, and in two larger points, one on either side a little within the line of the epimeral sutures of the thoracic segments. The terminal abdominal segment has a large triangular lobe within the notch at the posterior extremity. The lobes woe at) on either side of the median lobe are \ smaller and shorter. About the mid- \ dle of the segment are two elevations, ar Ga eer a serbia one on either side of the median line, = ANTENN® oF THE FiRsT . : PAIR; b, LABRUM. transversely situated. The uropoda are equal in length, and are shorter than the terminal seg- ment. Both are pointed posteriorly. The outer one is more tapering than the inner one, which is equal in width throughout its length. Fie.10.—Lat- ‘The legs are all similar in shape and size and terminate in on nope aw Piunguiculate dactyli. They are ambulatory in character. cymopocea Only one specimen was collected by the U. 8. Fish Com- AwTs. *® mission steamer A/batross at Yeno-Ura, Japan. It was taken on the surface. Type.—Cat. No. 29084, U.S.N.M. This species differs from C. mammifera Haswell,¢ from Port Deni- son, Queensland, in having the uropoda shorter than the terminal segment, while in that species they are longer than the terminal seg- ment; and in having the lateral angles of the thoracic segment drawn out in acute processes, while in C. mammdfera they are ‘rather blunt.” CALE NAHE E EUAs OrelLDOTEOITLD EA: Family IDOTEID. SYMMIUS, new genus. Head with lateral parts expanded; lateral margins entire, not cleft. Eyes small and situated on the posterior part of the expanded lateral portions. First pair of antenne elongate, consisting of four joints, the last joint being clavate. Second pair of antenne very short, not longer than the first pair, and consisting of six joints, five being peduncular, the sixth joint being the flagellar joint. Maxillipeds with a three- jointed palp. Kpimera present and developed on only the last three segments of the thorax, as in Glyptonotus Eights, the epimera of the three ante- “Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, V, 1880, pp. 474, 475. 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. rior segments being perfectly united with the segments and with no trace of suture lines. The abdomen is composed of three segments, two short basal seg- ments and one long, narrow terminal segment. The opercular valves consist of a single piece each, ia a the basal and terminal plates not being distinct or ZAR separated by even a suture line. Linki This genus differs from both Glyptonotus Eights / —— \ and Chiridotea Harger in having the lateral mar- ( ) gins of the head entire and not cleft; in having the oN RG Wie | eyes situated on these lateral expansions of the sched in having all the joints of the flagellum of | the second pair of antennee consolidated and form- 7 | ing a single piece; in having the abdomen com- posed of only three segments; in having the valves of the operculum consisting of a single piece, and / ( AG in AS in having a three-jointed palp to the maxillipeds. | ZS It differs also from Chiridotea Harger but agrees <> with Glyptonotus Eights in having the epimera dis- tinct only on the last three segments of the thorax. “SYMMIUS CAUDATUS, new species. Body elongate, broadest at second and _ third thoracic segment. Head broader than long, with the anterior part expanded laterally. The margins of these lateral Fig, 11. Syuains cauba- expansions are entire. ‘Dheveyes are very ‘emall “av~"" “and situated in the posterior angles of the lateral lobes. There is no notch in the middle of the anterior margin, the margin being very slightly produced in a widely rounded lobe. The first pair of antenne consist of four joints and are somewhat elongate. The last joint is long and clavate. The second pair of antenne consist of six Joints and do not exceed in length the antenn of the first pair. The joints of the flagellum are all consolidated into a single piece, the terminal or flag- ellar joint. The first four segments of the a ° Fig. 12.—SYMMIUS CAUDATUS; a, ANTENNA OF thorax are about equal’in length. jiger pam ep aon eee The fifth, sixth, and seventh seg- 7 * 10; 8x7. ments become successively shorter. The body is broadest at the second and thoracic third segments, the sides converging beyond that point to the narrow upex of the terminal abdominal segment. The epimera of VW Go b no.1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. 4] the four anterior thoracic segments are consolidated and perfectly united with the segments. Those of the fifth, sixth, and seventh seg- ments are distinct and eyi- dent in a dorsal view. The abdomen is composed of three distinct segments— two short segments pre- ceding the long and narrow terminal segment. The lat- eral parts of the first two abdominal segments, as well as of the seventh thoracic segments, are produced into Heute points. The terminal. 19-.—Maxmurep or Symmius pg 14.—OrERCULAR : o fn ' CAUDATUS; Gd, ANTERIOR SIDE; VALVE OF SYMMIUS segment is entire, with no 4, posterior sme. x 10. NES OE suture lines at the base. It is produced in a long and narrow extremity, rounded at the apex. About the middle of the segment there is a slight lateral expansion on either side. The opercular valves consist each of a single piece and are produced in a long 7 and narrow extremity. ony The legs of the first pair are stouter and more robust than the others. Those of the last \ . . RONG pair are very feeble and much p ; as smaller than the preceding pairs. c Color white, with markings Fig. 15.—LEGS OF SYMMIUS CAUDATUS; 4, FIRST PAIR; of oravish brown. b, SECOND PAIR; C, SEVENTH PAIR. 15. are 4 Nine specimens were col- lected by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross at Ose Zaki, Japan, at a depth of 60 to 70 fathoms. Type.—Cat. No. 29081, U.S.N.M. Family ARCTURID. ARCTURUS HIRSUTUS, new species. Body densely covered and beset with spines, each of which at its distal end has a circle of fine hairs radiating from it in all directions in a plane at right angles to the axis of the spine, giving a very characteristic and unusually beautiful appearance to the body. The head has a median excavation on the frontal margin. Between the eyes on the anterior portion are two long spines, the longest of any on the body except the two at the posterior extremity of the terminal segment of the abdomen. On the posterior portion of the head in the space between the eyes are four spines of equal length, two on either side of the median line. On the antero-lateral portion 49 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. of the head is a single small spine; on the post-lateral portion are two groups of small spines, having two or three spines in each group. The basal joints of the first pair of antennz bear each a single long spine; the flagellum extends a short distance beyond the middle of the third joint of the peduncle of the second pair of antenne. The second joint of the peduncle of the second pair of antennz bears three long spines; the third joint bears four long spines in a longitudinal row about the middle of the segment, a and a long spine at the distal ex- tremity; the fourth joint bears a long spine at the distal extremity; the fifth joint is unarmed; the flagellum con- tains fifteen joints. The joints of the antennz are thickly fringed with long hairs. The first segment of the thorax has on the anterior portion two long spines on either side of the median line; on the posterior portion are three long spines on either side of the median line and one small median spine; four small spines are present on the lateral margin on either side. The second thoracic segment bears eight large spines and two small ones on either side of the median line; on the posterior portion isa small median spine; the epimeron of this segment is beset with four small spines. The third segment bears seven long spines and three small ones on either side of the median line, and one long spine on the posterior portion in the median line; the epimeron is beset with four small spines. The fourth segment Fic. 16.—ARCTURUS HIRSUTUS, NEW SPECIES. bears eight long spines and two small ie ones on either side of the median line, and on the posterior portion in the median line two small spines close together; the epimeron is beset with two spines. The fifth and sixth segments bear each five long spines on either side of the median line; the epimeron of each segment is beset with three spines. The seventh segment bears three spines on either side of the median line; the epimeron is beset with three spines. The first and second abdominal segments have each four spines on either side of the median line. The third segment has three spines on no.1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. AS either side of the median line. These segments are not separated from the terminal segment, but are coalesced with it. The terminal seg- ment is rounded posteriorly. Bordering the lateral margins is a row of seven or eight spines on either side of the median line. The dorsal surface is irregularly covered with numerous long and short spines. At the posterior extremity of the terminal segment are two very long spines—the longest on the body—directed backward. Between them and a little back of them are two smaller spines, also directed backward. The valves of the operculum are covered with numerous small spines. Both the anterior and the posterior pairs of legs are armed with many long and short spines. The anterior pairs are also fringed with hairs. Three specimens of this species were coliected by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross at Rat Islands, the Aleutian Chain, at a depth of 270 fathoms. Type.—Cat. No. 29082, U.S.N.M. EPIGARI DEA or BOPY ROIDEA. Family BOPYRID ®. PARAPEN AON, new genus. PARAPENAZON CONSOLIDATA, new species. Body somewhat oval, about one and a half times longer than broad. Color uniformly yellow, without any markings. Head with frontal border produced in a large quadrangular process, directed upward; poste- rior portion triangulate in shape. Eyes absent. The first pair of antenn are composed of three joints, the terminal joint being minute. The sec- ond pair of antennze con- sist of four joints. The first two segments of the thorax have the anterior portion of the pleural plates (‘* lames pleurales”) very large and conspicuous, and, although developed from the anterior part of the segment, they extend some little distance in front of the seg- ments. The posterior parts of these segments have each a small lobe constricted off, which may be regarded as the posterior portion of the FIG. 17.—PARAPEN EON CONSOLIDATA, NEW SPECIES. (, DORSAL VIEW OF FEMALE. b, VENTRAL VIEW OF SAME. X 8. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. pleural plates of the segments. (Hansen so considers the posterior lobes of the corresponding thoracic segments in his genus Cryptione.)4 In the two following segments the pleural plates are of this character, except that on one side of the body the anterior portion is greatly reduced and almost incon- spicuous. The pleural plates in the three following segments are not divided by a furrow into anterior and Fig. 18.—Firsrta- posterior portions, but extend entire along the whole owt oePaan of the lateral margin of the segments. The ovarian PEN®ON con- bosses are prominent and well developed on the first SO oe. TOU SeeMmentS: The segments of the abdomen are all distinct, with the lateral por- tions of the first five produced into plates, the first two of which on one side are turned upward. These plates are not distinctly separated from the segments. The sixth or terminal segment is minute and rounded and without pleural plates. The uropoda are a pair of small single- branched lamelle attached to the terminal abdominal segment. The pleopoda consists of five pairs of double- branched lamelle (ten on either side), the surfaces of which are closely and densely covered with small rounded knobs, supposed to indicate rudimentary Fie. 19—Lze or ramification. pues ADULT FEMALE OF The marsupium consists of five pairs of large smooth — Parapenon con- plates, over-lapping in the ventral median line. nt ae emia The basis of all the legs is furnished with a high carina. Description of male.—Body elongate. Head large, rounded. Eyes absent. Seven thoracic segments distinct, with lateral margins rounded. Abdomen all in one piece, the six segments not indicated in any way on the dorsal side or lateral margins. Shape of abdomen triangular, with apex rounded. Pleo- pods neither developed nor in a rudimentary condition on the ventral side. One female, with its male, was collected by Dr. F. C. Dale, U. S. Navy, on the U. 8. S. Palos, at Mogi, Japan. It was found on Parapeneus dale Rathbun. The female of this species bears a great resemblance to the female of Cryptione elongata Hansen. The male differs, however, in having the segments of the abdomen bia. onary Ww! consolidated and forming a single piece, the male of or Parapex- Hansen’s type species of the genus Cryptione having the Cea abdomen distinctly segmented, each segment bearing a pair of rudimentary pleopoda, and the terminal segment provided with uropoda. Type.—Cat. No. 29087, U.S.N.M. “Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, XX XI, No. 5, Pt. 22, 1897, p. 113. no.1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. 45 Young female of Phryxcus sp.?—Body asymmetrical. Segments of thorax detined only on the ore side; other side greatly swollen. All the legs of both sides present. Segments of abdomen distinct. Be Terminal segment entire and pro- ss duced in a long narrow process. Four we pairs of double-branched pleopoda = present. The outer lamelle have the eS. proximal portion greatly dilated, be- ing constricted about the middle on one side and terminating in a narrow I] a elongated process; the inner lamelle Fie. 21—Youne remate or PHRYxus, sPE- are small, tapering processes directed — “7H8" & DORSAL VEEW: eee noner geen, toward the median line of the body. The marsupium consists of four pairs of plates, four of these being large and conspicuous, the other four small and partly concealed by one of the larger plates. Male.—Head large, broadly rounded in front; eyes very small, and situated at extreme post-lateral angula- tions; antenne long. Segments of thorax distinct; those of the abdomen fused into one segment, whose extremity is broadly rounded. Only one specimen, unattached, was obtained by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross at Omai Zaki Light, at a depth of 36 to 48 fathoms. The young female described differs from the young Fic. 2—Mate female of Phrywus abdominalis (Kroyer)” in the shape ee of the terminal segment of the body, in the shape of the outer lamelle of the pleopoda, and in having the inner branches of the pleopoda directed toward the median line. The male differs from the male of P. abdominalis in the larger head, longer antenne, and differently shaped abdomen. ARGEIA PUGETTENSIS Dana. Argeia pugettensis Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust., I], p. 804, pl. um, fig. 7.— Stimpson, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1857, p. 71.—Ricuarpson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, X XI, 1899, p. 868. Locality.—Tsuragi Saki Light, at a depth of 259 and 110 fathoms; Yokkaichi Light, at a depth of 13 and 16 fathoms; and Oboro Saki, Japan, at a depth of 14 and 18 fathoms. All parasitic on Crangon propinquus Stimpson, except those from the locality first named, which are parasitic on Crangon sp. Another specimen was collected at Mogi, Japan, by Dr. F. C. Dale (U.S. S. Palos), which was parasitic also on Crangon propinquus. «Sars, Crustacea of Norway, II, 1899, pp. 214-217, pls. xc—xct1. 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. De ISOPODA COLLECTED IN JAPAN BY JORDAN AND SNYDER. The material upon which this paper is based was collected in Japan by Dr. David S. Jordan and Mr. J. O. Snyder while investigating the fishes of that region for the Hopkins Laboratory of Stanford University. Three new species, one of which is the type of a new genus, are added to the fauna of that country. A list of the other species collected is included. LIST OF REFERENCES. Barr, Spence. On Some New Australian Species of Crustacea. Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1863, p. 504, pl. xut, fig. 7. Buppe-Lunp, G. Crustacea Isopoda Terrestria, pp. 266-268, Haunie, 1885. Dana, J. D. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. 8. N., Philadelphia, 1853, XIV, Crustacea, Pt. 2, p. 741, pl. xirx, figs. Ga—h. Dre Haan, Wittem. Fauna Japon., Crust., L, p. 227, fig. 7a—b. Douirvus, Aprien. Les Idoteides des Cotes de France. Feuilles des Jeunes Natu- ralistes, Paris, XXIV—X XV, 1893-1895, pp. 1-5, 17-18, 38-40, 53-56. Epwarps, H. Mizne. Hist. Nat. des Crustacés, Paris, 1840, III, p. 272, p. 157. Lracu, W. E. Cymothoadées, Dict. des Sci. Nat., Strasbourg and Paris, XII, p. 353, 1818. Miers, E. J. A Revision of the Idoteidz, a Family of Sessile-eyed Crustacea. Journ. Linn. Soc., London, X VI, 1883, pp. 58-65. Nicotet, Hercute. In Gay, Claudio. Hist. Chile, Paris, II, 1849, p. 265. Ricnarpson, Harrier. Description of a new species of Jdotea from Hakodate Bay, Japan. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, Washington, 1900, X XII, pp. 131-134. Roux, P. Crustacés de la Mediterranée et de son littoral, Paris, 1828, p. 3, pl. x1, fig. 9. Scoiapte, J. C., and Mernert, Fr. Symbole ad Monographiam Cymothoarum, Crustaceorum Isopodum Familize, IV, Cymoithoidee, Tri. 1, Ceratothoinz. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, Copenhagen, 1883, XIII, pp. 358-364, pl. xv1, figs. 1-7. STEBBING, T. R. R. A History of Crustacea, New York, 1893, p. 354. —— South African Crustacea, Pt. 2, Cape of Good Hope, Dept. of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, Cape Town, 1902, No. 12, 1901, pp. 50-59. FLABELEIFERA or CYM@THOMon A Family CYMOTHOID&. MEJNERTIA TRIGONOCEPHALA (Leach). Cymothoa trigonocephala Leacu, Dict. Se. Nat., XII, 1818, p. 353, —M1LNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., ITI, p. 272.—De Haan, Faun. Japon., L, p. 227, fig. 7a—b. Ceratothoa trigonocephala Scuraptr and Mernert, Naturhist. Tidsskrift, (3) XIII, 1883, pp. 358-364, pl. xvt, figs. 1-7. Meinertia trigonocephala Strppine, Hist. Crust., 1893, p. 354. Locality.—Nagasaki, Hizen, Misaki, Sagami, Japan. (Collected by Jordan and Snyder.) no. 1250. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. 47 Family SPH HROMID. SPHAROMA RETROLA VIS, new species. Body somewhat convex. Head large with eyes post-laterally situated. Segments of thorax subequal with exception of last one, which is shorter than any of the others. The epimeraare drawn out into narrow proc- esses at the sides of the segments. The epimera, however, are not distinct from the segments, but are consolidated with them. The last two segments of the thorax are provided on the posterior margin with four low tubercles in a transverse row, the two on either side of the median line being more prominent than the others. The whole surface of the abdomen is rugose. The first seg- ment has a transverse row of four tubercles. The terminal segment is posteriorly truncate; the posterior portion is rather flat on the dorsal sur- face and is unarmed; the more convex anterior es portion is provided with two longitudinal rows of three low tubercles on either side of the median line, the middle tubercle in each row being the most prominent; on either side of these two |. Sn eee ee median rows of tubercles are two small tubercles — rwo ruoracie seemenrs also in longitudinal series. The uropoda do not OP °PESROMA sit oLavis, extend beyond the extremity of the terminal abdominal segment. The inner branch is smooth on both margins; in shape it is long and narrow, and pointed posteriorly. The outer branch is similar in size and shape to the inner branch, but is denticulate on the exterior margin, being armed with fourteeth. The legs are in two series. The first three pairs are very slender and feeble and are directed forward. The last four are more robust. Only one specimen was found at Nagasaki, Hizen, Japan, collected by Jordan and Snyder. Type.—Cat. No. 28965, U.S.N.M. VALVIFERA or IDOTEOIDEA. Family IDOTEID ®. IDOTEA JAPONICA Richardson. Idotea japonica RicHarpson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XXTI, 1900, pp. 131-134. Locality.—Tokyo, Japan; Mororan, Hokkaida, Japan. Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan. (Collected by Jordan and Snyder.) PENTIAS, new genus. PENTIAS HAYYI, new species. Body narrow elongate, four and a half times longer than wide; surface smooth; color in alcohol almost white. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Head twice as wide as long, slightly emarginate in front, with a small median point. Eyes situated at the extreme lateral margin, about the middle. First pair of antenne have the basal joints greatly dilated, the three following joints slender and not reaching beyond the second peduncular joint of the second pair of antenne. The second pair of antenne are extremely short, reaching, when retracted, only to the posterior margin of the first thoracic segment; the first joint of the peduncle is short, the second about twice as long, the last three equal in length and not much longer than the third joint; the flagellum con- sists of six short joints. Maxilliped with a five- jointed palp. The first thoracic segment is deeply excavate, the antero-lateral parts being produced on either side. In the median dorsal line the first segment is half as long as the second. The third and fourth segments are equal in length and are the longest. The last three segments are subequal and are about half as long as the two preceding ones. The epimera of the second, third, and fourth segments extend half the length of ric. 04—_PpNtias the Segment, occupying only the anterior half of the nay, New species. lateral margin; those of the fifth segment extend two- a thirds the length of the segment; the epimera of the last two segments occupy the whole of the lateral margin. The abdomen consists of a single segment, very long, equal in length to the last five thoracic segments and with three suture lines on either side, near the base. The sides of the segment gradually converge to a point near the apex, where they form broadly rounded angles-and meet some distance below in a long acute point. The legs are very small and slender and terminate in bi-unguiculate dactyli; the two unguli are of equal length, and the character very distinctly marked. One specimen, a female, was collected by Jordan and Snyder at Misaki, Sagami, Japan. Type.—Cat. No. 28963, U.S.N.M. This species differs from Crabyzos Spence Bate in hav- ing the head well separated and distinct from the first pyg. 25—Maxi- thoracic segment, while in Spence Bate’s genus the head — “Ep or PEy- : 4 4 : TIAS HAYI. and first thoracic segment are fused and in having the epimera distinct. It differs from the type species C. longicaudatus in having the eyes placed in the middle of the lateral margin instead of at the antero-lateral angles; in having the basal joints of the first pair of antenne dilated; in the much shorter first pair of antenne; in the fewer number of joints in the flagellum of the second pair of no.1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. 49 antenne (Miers writes” that there are from twelve to fourteen joints in the flagellum of the second pair of antennze in C. (/dotea) long/cau- datus); in the much shorter second pair of antennz; in having the body evenly convex, while in C. dongicaudatus ** the dorsal surface of the thoracic segments is nearly flat, while the margins with the epi- mera stand nearly perpendicular to them;” in having the first thoracic segment much shorter than the four following segments, which are about equal in length, while in C. dongicaudatus the first segment is equal in length to the two following segments; in having the head broader than long, while the reverse is true of C. long/caudatus, and in the more tapering terminal abdominal segment, the sides being more nearly parallel from. the base to about the middle of the segment in C. longicaudatus. This genus differs from all the other known genera of Idoteide except Glyptidotea Stebbing’ and Crabyzos in having the maxillipeds with a five-jointed palp. It is in agreement with G/yptidotea in having the epimera of all the thoracic segments, from the second to the seventh inclusive, distinct from the segments, and in having a uniarticulate abdomen. It differs, however, from Stebbing’s genus in not having sculptured joints to both pairs of antenne, and in not having the legs more or less subchelate in character. The abdomen of Glyptidotea has not the lateral rudiments of several coalesced segments. The genus Crabyzos was formerly included in /dotea by Miers in nis subdivision of the genus corresponding to Stenosoma Leach. The max- illipeds of Stenosoma have, however, four-jointed palps as in /dotea Fabricius,’ while in Crabyzos they have five-jointed palps (Stebbing). ONISCOIDEA. Family LIGHD. LIGIA EXOTICA Roux. Ligia exotica Roux, Crust. Medit., 1828, p. 3, pl. xm, fig. 9. Ligia gaudichaudii Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., III, p. 157.—Dana, Expl. Exp., p. 741, pl. xirx, figs. 6a-h.—NicoLer in Gay, Hist. Chile, II] 1849, p. 265. Ligia exotica Buppr-Lunp, Crust. Isop. Terrestria, 1885, pp. 266-268. Locality.—Tokyo, Japan. (Collected by Jordan and Snyder.) Misaki, Sagami, Japan. (Collected by Jordan and Snyder.) «Journ. Linn. Soe. London, X VI, 1883, p. 63. Cape of Good Hope, Dept. of Agriculture: Marine Investigations in South Africa, No. 12, 1901, pp. 50-59. ¢ The information in regard to the number of joints to the palp of the maxillipeds in Stenosoma was kindly furnished me by Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing. Proc. N. M, vol. xxvii—03———4. 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. EPICARIDEA or BOPYROTDEFS Family BOPY RID. DIPTOPERYESOS env Gems. Body of female very asymmetrical, one side being much more swollen than the other side. All seven legs present on the smaller side. The first leg, only, present on the swollen side. Segments of thorax defined only on smaller side. Abdomen composed of only five segments, the first four carrying each two pairs of double-branched appendages, a pair on either side. The ineu- batory lamelle consist of four pairs of plates, those of the smaller side being greatly re- duced and crowded together, the lamelle of the swollen side suflicing to cover the marsupial pouch and extending as large plates over the whole ventral area. This genus differs chiefly from Phryxus Rathke, in having the two pairs of pleopoda, one pair on either side of the body for each seg- ment, double-branched instead of single-branched. Fig. 26.—FEMALE OF DIPLOPHRYXUS JORDANI, NEW SPECIES. (, DORSAL VIEW; b, VENTRAL VIEW. X 8. DIPLOPHRYXUS JORDANI, new species. Body of female very asymmetrical, one side being very much more swollen than the other. Outline very irregular. Head deeply sunk in thorax, and surrounded by first segment of the thorax; frontal margin covered by the projecting lobe of the first lamella of the incubatory pouch which folds over on the dorsal side. Antenne small. Oral area wholly concealed on the ventral side. Segments of thorax defined on one side only, the we: Saha me smaller side. The first five are small and closely anrennx or Dre- crowded together, the sixth somewhat longer, the ‘°PH®YxUS Jor- seventh the longest. All seven legs are present on sa the smaller side, all, except the first one, being small and feeble. Only one leg is present on the other, the swollen side, this one belonging to the first thoracic segment. Abdomen narrow, elongate, and composed of five well-defined seg- no. 1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. 51 ments, the last segment being small, rounded posteriorly, and without appendages. The four anterior segments are provided each with two pairs of double-branched appendages, a pair on either side, the outer appendages of the swollen side being much more developed and elon- gate than those of the smaller side, and extending as long leaf-like lamelle over the incubatory pouch: the separation of each appendage into two branches occurs some distance from the seg- ments. ene) Incubatory pouch extremely large, occupying the whole ventral side of the thorax and extending laterally on one side a considerable distance beyond the ill-defined outline of the body. The lamelle of the narrow side of the body are small, and crowded together as four small plates. Those of the other side are developed and suffice to form the marsupium. Only four plates are present on this side also, the first lamella extending anteriorly over the dorsal surface of the head, concealing the antenne of the first pair which are composed of two very much flattened joints. Color of female white, with large areas of dark reddish — F6-28.—Mate brown on the marsupium and thorax. es free Male.—Body narrow, elongate. Segments of thorax J°R>PANI. distinct. Abdomen composed of a single piece, with no ~ Pe trace of segmentation; outline rounded, or ovate. No rudiments of appendages. Eyes wanting. Three specimens were found on the abdomen of Palemon serrifer (Stimpson). They were collected by Jordan and Snyder at Misaki, Sagami, Japan, in 1900. Type.—Cat. No. 28964, U.S.N.M. 1 @ TWO NEW CYMOTHOIDS FROM THE WEST COAST OF CENTRAL AMERICA. The two species new to science, herein described, were collected by Dr. C. H. Gilbert on the west coast of Central America from Panama and Mazatlan. Both were found in the mouth of J/ugi/ hospes. LIST OF REFERENCES. Epwarps, Mitne. Hist. Nat. Crust., III, p. 271. Scuiaeprr, J. C., and Mertnert, F. Symbole ad monographiam Cymothoarum, Crustaceorum Isopodum Familiv.—IV. Cymothoide, Trib. Il. Cymothoinze. Trib. II. Livonecine. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift (3), XIV, 1883-84, pp. 334— 306, pl. x11, figs. 7-8. Symbol ad Monographiam Cymothoarum, Crustaceorum Isopodum Familiz.—III. Saophride. IV. Cymothoidie, Trib. I. Ceratothoinee. Natur- historisk Tidsskrift (3), XIII, 1881-83, pp. 335-340, pl. xin, figs. 11-15; pl. x1v, figs. 1-4, 5. by PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. FLABELLIFERA, or CYMOTHOIDEA. Family CY MOTHOID. INDUSA/“ CARINATA, new species. Body very convex, having a decidedly hunched appearance. Thorax large, rounded, almost as wide as long, the last two segments rapidly converging to the narrow abdomen. Abdomen nearly three times narrower than greatest width of thorax, with all the segments of equal width. Head about two and a half times narrower than first thoracic segment and four times nar- Fic. 29.—Hrap anp rirsr rower than fourth segment; front triangular in ruonacte sreueNT °° shape and produced into an acute point pro- jecting between the basal joints of the antenne. Eyes distinct and situated at the sides and about the middle of the head. First pair of antenne, which are almost contiguous being separated only by the very acute median point, reach to the eyes; flagellum seven jointed. Second pair of antenne extend to the posterior margin of the head; flagellum nine jointed. First thoracic segment rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, the sides of the segment surrounding the head, the lateral angles extending to the eyes. The first four segments gradually increase in width. The fourth and fifth are about equally wide. The sixth and seventh rapidly decrease in width, con- verging to the narrow abdomen. The epimera are F'. 30.—Inpusa carina well developed on all the segments with the excep- Ss eee tion of the first; they are narrow and elongate, rounded posteriorly and not reaching the posterior margin of their respective segments. aN The abdomen is likewise very convex and is nearly three times narrower than the thorax at its greatest width. The segments are of equal width. The termi- nal segment is rounded posteriorly or slightly triangu- lar. The uropoda are very short, less than half the length of the terminal segment; the branches are equal in length. There is a high carina on the four posterior pairs of Fig. 31—LEG oF Jegs, and a small one on the three anterior pairs. Color eae reddish brown. sik Two specimens, a male and a female, were collected by Mr. C. H. Gilbert from the west coast of Panama. They were found in the mouth of A/ugil hospes. Type.—Cat. No. 28961, U.S.N.M. “Schicedte and Meinert.—Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift (3), XIV, pp. 334-335. no. 1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. 53 MEINERTIA GILBERTI, new species. Head set in first segment of thorax, whose antero-lateral prolonga- tions extend forward to about the middle of the eye. Shape of the head somewhat triangular; posterior margin straight; anterior margin produced somewhat at the middle, but quite rounded. Eyes very large, far apart, and situated at the sides of the head. First pair of antennz consist of seven joints and extend to the mid- dle of the eye; second pair contain eight joints and reach the posterior margin of the head. The first four segments of the thorax are about equal in length, the second being somewhat shorter. The last three segments decrease gradually in length. The epimera are narrow pieces at the sides of the seg- ments; in the first five segments they do not reach the posterior margin of the segments, although the fifth pair more nearly reach the posterior margin than the others; the epimera of the last two segments reach quite to the posterior margin. The first segment of the abdomen is as wide as the last thoracic. The others are wider, increasing in width gradually to the terminal segment. The last Fie. 32—Mernerrta segment is about three times as broad as long, and {yeeets, SHY SN quadrangular in shape. The uropoda are short, reaching only a little beyond half the length of the abdomen; both branches are alike and of equal length. The legs all terminate in long recurved unguli. There is no high carina developed on the basis of any of the legs. Color reddish brown. Three specimens, two males and one female, were col- lected by C. H. Gilbert at Mazatlan. They were found in the mouth of J/ugil hospes. Type.—Cat. No. 29080, U.S.N.M. This species differs chiefly from J. gaudichaudii (Milne Edwards)“ from near locality, in the absence of ie. sec or high carine, which in J. gaudichaudii are strongly de- seventh parr velopedon the last four pairs of legs; in the much shorter oF exe’ uropoda, which in Jf gaudichaudii extend beyond the terminal segment, both branches of which are narrowly pointed at their extremities; in the much larger eyes, and in the smaller size of the species, the adult female being only half the size of the adult female of JZ. gaudichaudii. 4 Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, XIV, pp. 335-340, pl. xm, figs. 11-16. 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIT- Ve AMERICAN EPICARIDEA. American Epicaridea are represented in the following four families: Bopyride, Dajide, Cryptoniscide, and Entoniscide. At the present time no representatives of the Entoniscide are known to the North American fauna, and no representatives of the Dajide have been recorded from South American waters. In the following pages the forms added to the list given of those already known are all representatives of the family Bopyride. The material studied belongs to the U. S. National Museum and was mostly collected by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer and one from west Florida, collected by Mr. J. B. Henderson and Mr. C. T, Simpson, all parasitic on Urocaris longicaudata Stimpson. Lype.—Cat. No. 29088, U.S.N.M. os “1 yo PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL. BOPYRINA THORII, new species. Body of adult female asymmetrical, turned very much to one side. Color yellow with a few markings of black on one side of the thorax and in the center of the first three segments of the abdomen. Head large with frontal margin produced in a rounded lobe, which is turned upward in the specimen; the antero-lateral angles are pro- duced into small processes. The eyes are black and distinct. The segments of the thorax are all distinctly separated from each other. The epimera are distinct on the longer side of the body as long, narrow plates on the anterior portion of the lateral margin of the first four segments. Ovarian bosses are not present on any of the segments. The abdomen is composed of six segments, completely fused in the middle, but indicated on both lat- eral margins. The terminal seg- ment is rounded posteriorly. There are four pairs of single . & branched pleopoda. The marsu- ce pium isa large open area, normally pe Porras HORT a possar-e¥ O° filled with eggs, and inclosed by five pairs of lamelle. The first lamelle have the distal lobe rounded. The fifth lamelle are narrow elongated plates. Male unknown. Only one specimen was obtained by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross at Key West, Florids. The species is parasitic on Thor floridanus Kingsley. This species differs from the preceding species chiefly in the form of the distal segment of the first lamelle of the marsupium. 3 Type.—Cat. No. 29099, U.S.N.M. BATHYGYGE GRANDIS Hansen. Bathygyge grandis Hansen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard College, XX XI, 1897, pp. 122, 124, pl. vi, figs. 2, 2¢.—RicHarpson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. XXI, 1899, p. 869. Locality.—Ott Acapuleo, in the branchial cavity of Glyphocrangon spinulosa Faxon. LEIDYA DISTORTA (Leidy). Cepon distortus Lerpy, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., (2), III, 1855, p. 150, pl. x1, figs. 26-32. Leidya distorta CorNALIA and Pancert, Mem. R. Acad. Sci., Torino, (2), XTX, 1861, p. 114. Cepon distortus Harcrr, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm., Pt. 1, 1874, p. 573 (279); Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, II, 1879, p. 157; Rep. U. S. Fish Comm., 1879, p. 157; no. 1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. (5 ives Oven: Reese cain! Zool. ee einer Reise in die Kiist. des Rothen Meeres, III, Malacostraca, p. 122; Mittheil, aus der Zool. Station zu Neapel, III, 1881, first half, p. 182. Phryxus distortus Wauz, Arbeit. aus d. Zoolog. Insti. d. Univers. Wien, IV 1882, p. 59. Cepon distortus Richarpson, Am. Nat., XXXIV, 1900, p. 309. Leidya distorta Ricwarpson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XXIII, 1901, p. 579. ? Locality.—Atlantic City, New Jersey, in the branchial cavity of Uca pugilator. IONE CORNUTA Spence Bate. Tone cornuta Spence Bare, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 668; Lord’s Natural- ist in British Columbia, II, 1866, p. 282. Tone cornuta Barr and Westwoop, Brit. Sessile-eyed Crust., II, p. 253.—Grarp and Bonnirr, Travaux de |’ Institut zoologique de Tale et du Laboratoire Maritime de Wimereux, V, 1887, p. 77.—RicHarpDson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, X XI, 1899, p. 869. Locality.—Esquimault Harbor, British Columbia, in the branchial cavity of Callianassa longimana,; Vancouver Island. TONE THOMPSONI, new species. Body of female longer than broad. Head deeply set in thorax, its anterior margin produced in a crenu- lated border. The antero-lateral lobes of the frontal border extend some distance beyond the sides of the head. The posterior portion of the head is evenly rounded. The first antenne are three jointed; the second pair are five jointed. All the thoracic segments are distinct, with distinct epimera (‘lames pleurales” of Giard and Bonnier), in the form of large rounded lobes, not elongated. In the first two segments these epi- meral lobes occupy the anterior portions of the lateral parts of the seg- ments; in the third segment they are placed about the center of the lateral margin; in the fourth and fifth segments they occupy more of a posterior position; in the sixth and seventh segments they occupy the entire lateral margin. Ovarian bosses are present on the first four segments, along the anterior portion of the segment. The six segments of the pleon are distinct, and are produced later- ally, each in a pair of elongated and jointed appendages, furnished with numerous mammilliform, branching appendages, originating from the posterior margin and extending downward. Thus there are six pairs of appendages corresponding to the ‘*‘ lames epimeriennes du pleon” of Giard and Bonnier. The pleopoda consist of four pairs of double-branched appendages and one pair of single-branched appendages. « The inner branches of “The young female of Tine eines has the last pair of ee can double -branched, the two branches similar, however. The inner branches of the first four segments are quite different from those of the outer branches, as is true of the adult female, and lie folded over the abdomen as in the adult described. 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII, the first four pairs fold over the ventral side, meeting in the median line. These branches are all large and of nearly equal size and thickly tuberculate, the first two pairs being somewhat larger than the last two pairs. The outer branches of the first four pairs and the fifth pair of pleopoda consist of narrow, elongated appendages crenulated on their outer margins and thickly tuberculate. The appendages of x 6, 2 BF ys a, DORSAL VIEW OF FEMALE; b, VENTRAL VIEW OF SAME. “Sy Fig. 64.—IONE THOMPSONI. the sixth abdominal segment, the uropoda, are a pair of simple, cylin- drical, elongated lobes, recurved at their extremities, and not reach- ing beyond the mass of epimeral appendages. The incubatory pouch is formed of five pairs of lamelle, five issuing from one side and five from the other. The first pair are much smaller than the others, and are entirely concealed by the second pair. No. 1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. ts The seven pairs of legs are all similar, and terminate in a prehen- sile hand. There are two expansions or carine on the basis of all the legs, the anterior one being only half as long as the Ee is < Male with all the segments of the thorax distinct. | EISat Eyes wanting. Antenne conspicuous, six jointed. An- | y tennule, three jointed. The segments of the abdomen ce are distinct, all six furnished each with a pair of elon- "1%: ®—t0N! THOMPSONI, gated leaf-like tapering appendages. MAXILLIPED. Twospecimens were collected by Mr. G. M. Gray at North Falmouth, Massachusetts. They were found on Callianassa stimpsoni. The species is named for Mr. Millett T. Thompson, from whom the specimens were received, | Type.—Cat. No. 29091, U.S.N.M. This species is apparently very close to I. cornuta, Spence Bate, from Vancouver Island. It agrees with /. cornutain the ab- sence of the elongated epimeral lobes (lames pleurales), in which both species differ from ee I. thoracica (Montagu). Lone thompsoni and I. cornuta are both much larger species than L. thoracica. In the description of /. cornuta,* the author says that the coxe of the three posterior segments of the thorax are larger than the four anterior, and are produced posteriorly to a point. This is not true of /. thompsoni, in which the epimera of the three posterior thoracic segments are smaller than ese those of the anterior segments, although they occupy the en- pes tire lateral margin, and they Fis. 67—Ioxe tHome- Ra. ded srerigniveind vt SONI, LEG OF SIXTH PAIR are rounded posteriorly and no Orpen wate aie : al produced to a point. Spence Bate also speaks, in reference to /. cornuta, of the antero-lateral ‘*‘horn-like process of the cephalon? curving posteriorly.” In /. thompson, these lateral processes or lobes extend out straight at the sides. Bate and Westwood, in describing /. cornuta, state ts tox that the last pair of inner saccular branches of the + 05.—. YE THOMP- . sont, Mate. xs, Pleopoda are almost obsolete. There are but four ° pe . ® ry 2 pairs of inner branches in /. thompsoni. The above quoted authors also describe the inner branches of the pleopoda as “Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 668. » British Sessile-eyed Crustacea, II, 1867, p. 254. 738 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. eradually diminishing in size to the last pair, whereas the outer branches eradually increase in size. This is not true of 7. thompsone. PHYLLODURUS ABDOMINALIS Stimpson. Phyllodurus abdominalis Sttmeson, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1857, p. 71.— Locxrneton, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., VII, 1877, Pt. 1, p. 57; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, pp. 299, 300.—RicHarpson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1899, p. 868. Locality.—Puget Sound; Tomales Bay, California, ‘‘on Upogebia pugettensis;” San Francisco Bay on Upogebia pugettensis. PSEUDIONE GIARDI Calman. Pseudione giardi Catman, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., XI, 1898, No. 13, pp. 274-281, pl. xxxrv, fig. 5.—RicHarpson, Proc.U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1899, p. 869. Locality.—_Puget Sound, on Pagurus ochotensis (Brandt). PSEUDIONE GALACANTH£Z Hansen. Pseudione galacanthe Hansen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College, XX XI, 1897, pp. 118-120, pl. v, fig. 227.—RicHarpson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1899, p. 869. Locality.—Gulf of California, in the branchial cavity of Galacantha diomedex var. parvispina Faxon; near Flattery Rocks, Washington, parasitic on Munida quadrispina Benedict. (Collected by U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross.) «The descriptions of the type species, [one thoracica (Montagu), are so unsatisfac- tory and inadequate and so much at variance when compared that the only action to take, under the circumstances, is to place the form described above tentatively in the genus Jone Latreille and to give it a new specific name. Montagu and Kossman describe the pleon of Jone thoracica as composed of six seg- ments, all of which are produced laterally into arborescent, branching lamellee. Montagu in his figure, however, represents but four segments, with five pairs of branching lamelle. Milne Edwards, Bate and Westwood, and Giard and Bonnier describe six segments, with only the first five produced into ramified appendages. The appendages of the last segment are described as simple, recurved. Montagu mentions also six simple, recurved appendages, of which the last two are larger than the rest. Kossman describes six pairs of double-branched pleopods (pleopodoiden) and also a single pair of simple, cylindrical uropoda (pleopoden). Milne Edwards says that the first (appendages of the first five segments?) carry at their base a little ‘‘écaille’’ folded beneath, under the abdomen. Bate and West- wood refer to the pleopoda in the following way: ‘‘Several of the basal appendages are, moreover, furnished at the base beneath with a small scale, lying beneath the tail.”’ Finally, Giard and Bonnier, characterize these appendages in this way: ‘“Rames des Pléopodes composés de six articles.’’ The species herein described as new seems close to Jone cornuta Spence Bate. In the original description of Jone cornuta the pleopoda are simply described as ‘‘ long and fringed with arborescent branchiw.’’ Bate and Westwood mention the jointed character of these appendages (pleural lamelle), and give a much fuller description of the species. no. 1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHA RDSON. 79 PSEUDIONE FURCATA, new species. Body of female longer than broad, more or less ovate. Head with frontal border; anterior margin nearly straight; posterior portion narrowly rounded. Head small and deeply immersed in thorax. Mouth parts and an- tenne concealed by first lamelle of mar- supium. The first an- tenner are composed of three, the second of four joints. The thorax has all the segments distinct. Ovarian bosses are large and prominent on the first four seg- ments. The epimera on these segments are represented by narrow ridges lateral to the ovarian bosses; those of the three last segments occupy all of the lateral margin. The segments of the abdomen are all distinct with the epimera pro- duced in wide plates on either side of the narrow middle portion of the segment. The sixth or terminal segment is without epimera, and terminates posteriorly in two small, rounded lobes. ‘The pleopoda are five pairs of smooth, narrow, elongated biramous appendages, all Pen. similar and equal in size, with the exception of the ove rurcata, inner branch of the first pair, which is exceedingly First LAMELLA Jaroe and is inwardly directed, meeting the correspond- — ing branch of the opposite side in the median ventral line, just below the incubatory pouch. All the remaining branches are directed, post-laterally. The surfaces of all the lamelle are quite smooth. The uropoda consist of a single pair of simple appendages, similar in shape and size to the pleopoda. The incubatory pouch consists of five pairs of enue large lamelle, overlapping in the median line. ae ( First pair of plates with the terminal lobe not Ne Life defined. << ( There is a high and widely rounded expansion or carina on the basis of all the legs. Pigs ie PERU DIONE ae = CATA, LEG OF SIXTH PAIR Male unknown. OF ADULT FEMALE. xX 203. Four specimens were collected on the eastern shore of Virginia by Prof. H. E. Webster. Host unknown. They were sent from Union College to the Smithsonian Institution. Type.—Cat. No. 29098, U.S.N.M. FIG. 69.—PSEUDIONE FURCATA. @, DORSAL VIEW OF FEMALE; b, VENTRAL VIEW OF SAME. xX 4. sO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. PSEUDIONE CURTATA, new species. Head very large, with wide anterior margin, almost straight; no frontal border. Antero-lateral portion produced in a small process on either side. Posterior portion widely rounded. Eyes wanting. FIG. 72.—PSEUDIONE CURTATA. @, DORSAL VIEW OF FEMALE; b, VENTRAL VIEW OF SAME. 8. The segments of the thorax are distinct. The epimera are distinct as narrow plates on the extreme lateral margin of the anterior portion of the first four segments. Ovarian bosses are prominent on the anterior portion of the first four segments. The epimera occupy almost allof the lateral margin of the three posterior segments. The abdomen has the six segments distinct. All are produced laterally in small rounded epimera with the exception of the last; or termi- nal segment which is very small and rounded Fic. 73.—PSEUDIONE CUR- posteriorly. ae ee °" The pleopoda are five pairs of large, broad, smooth, leaf-like, double-branched appendages not concealed on the dorsal side by the small epimeral plates of the abdominal segments, from which they project in full view.” The uro- poda are a pair of single-branched, simple append- ages, similar in shape to the branches of the pleopoda. The marsupium is formed of five pairs of incu- batory lamelle, which overlap so as to completely encompass the ventral surface of the body; the first pair have the terminal lobe of the distal segment small, but well defined. ind. 74 ODOR There are seven pairs of small legs, all similar curtata, Ee or in size and structure; a high triangularly shaped a ae expansion or carina is present on the basis. Color uniformly light yellow. Male, two and one-third times longer than broad, with all seven segments of the thorax and all six segments of the abdomen distinct. No. 1350. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISOPODA—RICHARDSON. 81 Eyes present. Abdomen occupies one-fourth of the entire length of the body. Only one specimen was found at Key West by Henry Hemphill. Parasitic on Petrolisthes seaspinosus (Gibbes). Type.—Cat. No. 29094, U.S.N.M. 4 MUNIDION PARVA, new species. Head large, broader anteriorly than posteriorly, with wide frontal border. Eyes wanting. Anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin narrowly rounded. The segments of the thorax are distinct, the first two of which are short in the dorsal median line. The other five segments are about equal in length. Ovarian bosses present on all the segments and occupying the posterior portion of the sublateral part of the segment. On all the segments they are in the form of petiolated processes. The epimera are large plates which occupy the whole of the Fic. 75.—Pseupione lateral margin of the segments. These plates are CTT MALE. <2. larger on the posterior segments than on the anterior ones. The abdominal segments are all distinct. The first five are pro- duced laterally in epimeral lobes, elongated and leaf-shaped, decreas- ing in size gradually from the first to the fifth segments. These lobes do not cover the dorsal surface of the abdomen, or obscure the small terminal segment, which is visible dorsally as a small rounded petiolated process. The pleopoda are five pairs of double-branched elongated leaf-like appendages; the inner branches are smaller than the outer. The uropoda consist of a pair of biramous appendages, FiG. 76—MUNIDION PARVA. a, DoRSAL view or Fr- each with one large outer and Be nat ViRW. OF FAME xe one small inner branch, similar in shape to the branches of the pleopoda. The ventral side of the abdominal segments is keeled on the poste- rior margin. The pleopoda and abdominal epimera are somewhat carinated on both surfaces. The marsupium is bounded by five pairs of incubatory lamelle, the third pair of which do not overlap in the median ventral line, so that a small opening is left into the incubatory pouch. The terminal lobe of the distal segment of the first pair is very small, but well defined. The seven pairs of legs are all similar; the basis is furnished with Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03 6 RI PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. an extremely high expansion, the anterior end of which is twice as high as the other end. The male has all the segments of the thorax dis- tinct. The segments of the abdomen are fused into a single piece. There are no indications of the coalesced segments on the lateral margins of the abdomen, these margins being entire. The posterior portion of this segment is narrower than the anterior portion, its apex, however, being Fic. 77.-Muntvron par» Widely rounded. Its length is about one and one- VA, FIRST LAMELLA OF half times its greatest breadth. Eyes are present. MARSUPIUM. X 143. : ; : Only one specimen comes from the Straits of Fuca, taken by the U. 8. Fish Commission steamer 40. APISTUS VENENANS Jordan and Starks, new species. Apistus alatus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japon. Poiss., 1843, p. 49, pl. xxu, fig. 2; Nag- asaki (not of Cuvier and Valenciennes, whose types came from Pondi- cherry=Apistus carinatus Bloch and Schneider).—SrerspacHNER and DopERLEIN, Fische Japans, IV, 1884, p. 200; Kagoshima, Kochi. Head 3 in length without caudal; depth 34. Dorsal XV, 9; anal III, 8. Scales 60, counting series above lateral line running downward and forward. Eye 4 in head; maxillary 24; interorbital 9. Lower jaw projecting and fitting into a rostral notch. Posterior margin of eye midway between tip of snout and end of opercular flap. Maxillary reaching just past front of pupil. Teeth in very narrow bands; narrower on palatines and vomer than on jaws; the bands on premaxillaries narrower and pointed in front, and separated from each other by a wide toothless area. Interorbital narrow and concave and AG no. 1351. SCORPAINOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 149 having a narrow channel between the slight interorbital ridges. | Sub- orbital plates very wide, covering cheek, a slight ridge along them continuous with ridge from large preopercular spine; the plates other- wise smooth. Opercle with 2 small spines at the ends of slight ridges. Preopercle with a long sharp spine and 4 short blunt ones below, the largest forming an angle. Preorbital with a pair of small spines ante- riorly pointing forward, and a long, sharp, curyed spine posteriorly which fails to reach the end of the maxillary by a distance nearly equal to diameter of pupil. Parietal ridges not bearing spines. From upper posterior border of eye a slight broken ridge runs to beginning of lateral line. Superior anterior border of eye denticulate. A long tentacle at tip of mandible and one on each side of similar size half the diameter of the eye behind it. Pseudobranchiw large; a small slit behind last gill arch; gill-rakers slender, equal to half eye; 14 of them Fig. 13.—APISTUS VENENANS. below angle of arch. Head entirely naked, except a small patch of scales on cheek below suborbitals and just behind maxillary. Body, breast, and isthmus evenly scaled with soft pectinate scales. Lateral line straight. Fins naked. Pectoral reaches to just past base of dorsal or to within a diameter of eye of caudal base; number of rays 10, all branched except a couple of the lowest short ones, the upper ray the longest. Detached pectoral ray 12 in head. Ventrals reaching to base of second anal spine. Fourth dorsal spine 22 in head; lastspine 3}; next to the last 54. Tips of dorsal rays reach past base of caudal. First anal spine equal in length to the diameter of the eye, the third twice as long, and the second in length midway between. Caudal rounded. Color: Lower parts of head and body white, sides of head silvery; back and sides of body uniform light brownish, shading gradually to the white of lower parts; a broad dark band across topof head, extend- 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. ing down on the sides to upper margin of pupil, its anterior edge above middle of eyes, its posterior edge at posterior end of parietal ridges, giving place to a light crescent in front of dorsal spine; it is irregularly vermiculated with white lines, and between the parietal ridges is a white spot; snout dusky; a dark band running anteriorly from eye; membrane of spinous dorsal white, mottled with dark, a dark spot between first and second spine, and a large black spot between eighth and thirteenth spines surrounded by white; soft dorsal with 3 or 4 dark bands across rays with intervals of white between equal to them in width; pectoral jet black on outer surface, white on inner; detached ray white; ventrals white, dusky toward tips, extreme tips white; first 2 anal spines white, the rest of fin dusky and with a darker band across middle of rays; caudal crossed by 3 rather broad irregular bars, the one at tips of rays darker, between them 3 white bands, equal to them in width, the first across base of rays. Perito- neu white. The following color note made from a fresh specimen: Color brown; pale markings, dirty white; dark ones brown or black; no red or yellowish. This species differs from Day’s description of specimens from the Indian Ocean, particularly in not having the parietal ridges ending in spines, and from his plate in having the soft dorsal much higher, the first dorsal spine lower, in having the black dorsal spot surrounded by white, not shading into a dusky band along entire top of spinous dorsal, and in having no red or yellowish in life. The type and single specimen taken at Nagasaki. It is 105 mm. in length and is numbered 7371 Ichthyological Collections, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. It is apparently the species described as Ap/stus alatus by Schlegel, while Bleeker’s figure seems to belong rather to A. evolans. Both seem to be distinct from Ap/stus carinatus=A. alatus of the East Indies. (venenans, poisoning). 15. MINOUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. Minous Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 420 (woora). Corythobatus Cantor, Cat. Malayan Fishes, 1850, p. 45 (woora) (Minous, supposed to be preoccupied by the prior name Minois). This genus differs from Ap/stus chiefly in the absence of scales, the skin being smooth. The head has rough crests above and the pre- orbital has 2 diverging spines. Preopercle with 4 or 5 spines; 2 opercular spines; mouth moderate; lower jaw with slender cirri. Teeth on the yomer, none on the palatines. Fin rays all simple. Dorsal with 10 or 11 stiff spines and 9 to 11 rays, the fin beginning behind the eye. Anal spines flexible; the rays no. 1351. SCORPANOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 151 Il, 9. Ventral rays 1, 5. Pectoral fins moderate, the lower ray free. Small fishes of the East Indies. (woora-minoo, x» Hindu name given by Russell.) a, Lower preopercular spine truncate; ventrals reaching front of anal; caudal with PGT Mon mW Al kM DATS Eas Seat ee ere seco. oe eee eel ed adamsi, 41. aa. Lower preopercular spine hooked backward; ventrals scarcely reaching vent; BelewiiErceular bars 2-82 esos. 5 +o tena -ceseeenn echigonius, 42. 41. MINOUS ADAMSI @ Richardson. OKOZE. Minous adamsi Ricnarpson, Voy. Samarang, 1850, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5; Sea of China. Head (exclusive of projecting lower jaw) 24 in length without caudal; depth 3. Dorsal X, 11; anal ll or 12. Eye4in head; maxil- lary 23. Lower jaw strongly projecting and entering into the upper profile. Teeth in narrow bands on jaws in two widely separated patches on vomer. Maxillary extending to below front margin of pupil. Inter- orbital wide and concave, having a pair of ridges with a channel between, along which runs a slight median ridge which divides and diverges posteriorly; interorbital width 14 in length of orbit. Preorbital with a long sharp posterior spine which reaches nearly or quite to end of maxillary, and a small spine in front pointing down- ward. Preopercle with 6 spines, the upper one short and triangular, directed slightly upward; the next below by far the longest and very sharp, reaching to edge of opercle; the two next below short and rather blunt, and the lower two directed downward and truncate at their tips. Bones of head, where they appear, everywhere rough and deeply sculptured; the suborbitals are wide, rough, bony bucklers bear- ing a prominent but blunt ridge, a transverse depression on top of head behind eye separating the postorbital from the interorbital region. Parietals produced in wide, blunt, rough ridges, which end behind in blunt spines. A similar ridge on side of head behind eye extending out on post-temporal and ending in a spine. Post-tem- porals apparently firmly joined to cranium. Nasals ending above in “The following is the synonymy of the closely related Indian species, Minous monodactylus (Bloch and Schneider): Scorpena monodactyla Bioci and ScHNEIpER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 194. Minous monodactylus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., [V, 1829, p. 424, pl. yrx, fig. 2.—Giinrner, Cat. Fish, I], 1860, p. 148; Madras, Borneo, China.—B.reker, Ac. Sci. Roy. Amst., 1876, p. 64; Java, Borneo, Celebes, Banka, Singapore, Sumatra, Pinang. Apistus minous Cuvier, Régne Anim., 2d ed., 1828, after Russell. Minous woora Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 421; India (Woora-minoo of Russell). Corythobatus woora Cantor, Cat., 1850, p. 45; Malay Peninsula. 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. produced angles, but not in spines, their upper edge denticulate, as is the entire supraorbital rim. A short slit behind last gill arch. Gill rakers very small and blunt, 9 or 10 of them on anterior limb of arch. A tentacle on middle of mandible below, and a smaller one midway between it and tip of mandible. Lower parts of head and isthmus. especially maxillary and lips, thickly covered with blunt, fleshy papil- lee; upper parts more sparsely covered, and traces of them may often be made out with the aid of a lens, scattered over the body. Lateral line represented by 17 or 18 small inconspicuous pores. First dorsal spine situated three-fifths or three-fourths the diameter of eye distant from the transverse ridge across top of head behind eye; the first spine the longest of the anterior spines, its length equal to distance from tip of snout to front of pupil; the last spine the longest, longer than the first spine by the longest diameter of the pupil. No notch between dorsal spines and rays, the longest of the latter much longer than the spines; the tips of the last rays reach past the base of the caudal. Pectoral reaching to above base of third or fourth anal ray; the pectoral rays all simple, 11 in number. Detached pectoral ray in large specimens (12 em. in length) equal in length to distance from tip of snout to middle of eye; comparatively longer in smaller specimens usually not reaching front of anal. Ventrals usually reaching about to front of anal, adnate to body, except a small portion at ends of rays; free portion equal to diameter of eye. Caudal rounded. Distance from base of pectoral filament to anal nearly equal to head. Color brownish above, usually with vermiculated diagonal or longi- tudinal light streaks above and below lateral line, but never crossing it; lateral line runs along a brown streak and often has a light streak above and below defining it; above the light and dark streaks extend on dorsal; lower part of sides, belly, and under part of head white; a black spot on membrane behind tip of each dorsal spine; a larger black spot across tips of first 3 or 4 dorsal rays; anal, ventrals, and pectoral black, shaded at base into the white of lower parts of body; the pectoral crossed by inconspicuous lighter vermiculated streaks, its inner surface white; caudal crossed by 2 wide solid dusky bands, separated by an interval narrower than themselves; these bands very constant; scarcely any variation in a hundred specimens examined. Peritoneum white. Here described from specimens about 12 cm. in length. Upward of a hundred specimens were obtained by us from Onomichi, Nagasaki, Kobe, and Wakanoura. This species is closely allied to J//nous monodactylus of the East Indies, differing in the stouter body shorter first dorsal species and in other details of color and structure. In Richardson’s figure of MZ/inous adams?, the belly is shown as very short, the pectoral reaching middle of anal, the pectoral filament and uy No. 1351. SCORPANOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 158 ventrals also past its front, the distance from base of filament to front of anal only about half head. His specimen was probably a shriveled male of this species. There is no previous record of this species from Japan, and this form belongs to a different faunal area. This is the common Okoze, or poison fish of the Inland Sea of Japan. (Named for Arthur Adams, its discoverer.) 42. MINOUS ECHIGONIUS Jordan and Starks, new species. Minous monodactylus Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 49, No. 863; Niigata. Head 2f in length without caudal; depth 2g. Dorsal X, 11; anal 12. Eye 43 in head; maxillary 23. Lateral line with 17 pores. Lower jaw strongly projecting, its tip sharply hooked up. Teeth in a very narrow band in lower jaw, scarcely wider in front, ina much wider band on premaxillaries, wider in front; teeth on vomer in 2 Fie. 14.—MINOUS ECHIGONIUS. widely separated patches. Maxillary reaching to just past front of orbit. Interorbital wide and concave, the ridges as in J/. adams?, its width equal to diameter of orbit. Preorbital with a long, sharp posterior spine, which reaches nearly to end of maxillary, and a small spine in front which points downward. Preopercle with a long, slen- der, sharp spine, reaching nearly to margin of opercle; above it, a wide triangular spine; below it, 4 short spines, the upper of which is closer to the large spine than to the next below; it is short and not very sharp; the next below is slightly longer and sharper; the next, closer to it than to the next below, its point rather sharp and hooked backward; the lowest is smaller and is directed downward. Exposed bones and ridges of head rough and arranged as in J, adams. Last gill arch with a short slit behind it. Gill rakers short and blunt, 8 in number on anterior limb. A tentacle at middle of lower jaw below, a smaller one midway between it and tip of jaw, and several small ones 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIT. ab. ip of jaw. "He: id a especially lips and maxillary covered with small, fleshy papiile. Pectoral reaching to above base of second anal ray; detached pec- toral ray equal to distance from tip of snout to posterior border of pupil. Ventrals adnate to body for nearly their whole length, their tips scarcely reaching to vent. Last dorsal spine the longest, 23 in head; the longest dorsal rays equal in length the length of snout and eye. olor of type much faded; light brownish above; lower parts of body and head white; a hght streak running along lateral line above and below leaves it ina dark streak; each dorsal spine with a brown spot on membrane behind its tip; soft dorsal with a large brown spot on distal ends of first 6 rays, the rays crossed by light streaks; pec- toral dark brown on its outer surface, white on its inner; ventrals and anal dark brown at tips of rays, shading to the white of body; tip of caudal white, on distal third rays are crossed by a dark bar, which divides below; in front of it is a wide light interval with a brown spot in the middle; then a narrow, dark, irregular bar across middle of rays, and then a wide white area with traces of bars above and below. Peritoneum white. This species is close to Minous adams, differing in having smaller eye; the tip of the mandible more hooked upward; the lower preopercular spines hooked backward, rather than truncate; the max- illary slightly shorter; the ventrals shorter and more adnate; the pos- terior outline of soft dorsal more broadly rounded; and in having the caudal marked with irregular bars. In J/. adamsi there is scarcely any variation in the 2 broad bars crossing the caudal. The type is a specimen 115 mm. in length from Niigata, in Echigo, presented to us by Dr. Ishikawa, of the Imperial Museum of Tokyo. It is numbered 7380, Ichthyological Collections, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. It was formerly No. 863, Imperial Museum. 16. DECTERIAS Jordan and Starks. Decterias JORDAN and STarks, new genus (pusillus). This genus differs from J/nous principally in having the dorsal spines slender and flexible, rather than stiff and sharp; a narrow, deeply concave interorbital region, and no enlarged posterior pre- orbital spine. Japan. Oo z . . (OexTépos, stinging.) 43. DECTERIAS PUSILLUS (Schlegel). Minous pusillus ScuuEcEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1843, p. 50; Nagasaki.— Gintuer, Cat. Fish, I, 1860, p. 149, copied.—SrernpacHNer and D6pDER- LEIN, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 297; Kagoshima. Head 22 in length without caudal; depth 32. Dorsal IX or X, 10 or 11; anal 10. Eye 34 in head; maxillary 24. no. 1851. SCORPAINOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 155 The upper profile of head very much broken up, the superior post- orbital region depressed anteriorly, leaving the supraorbital region much produced; a deep notch in front of orbital rim caused by the produced nasal region. Exposed bones of head very rough, the orbital rim denticulate; and 2 or 3 irregular denticulate ridges alone suborbitals. Preorbital with 2 short spines, the anterior directed downward, the posterior downward and backward. Preopercle with along, sharp spine above and 4 smaller ones below. Parietals very rough and produced behind in spines, a rough ridge running hack- ward from posterior margin of eye. Mouth large; maxillary reach- ing to below front of eye. Narrow bands of teeth on jaws scarcely widened anteriorly; teeth on vomer in 2 small, widely separated patches. Interorbital space narrow and deeply concave; through it runs a pair of slight interorbital ridges, not very close together, its Fic. 15.—DECTERIAS PUSILLUS. width three-fifths of orbit, or 6 in head. Middle of under part of mandible with a rather long barbel, and a smaller one between it and tip of mandible. Last gill arch with a short slit behind it; 8 or 9 short, blunt gill rakers on anterior limb of arch. Pectorals reaching to or a little past front of anal, and having 10 simple rays; lower detached ray reaching to tips of ventrals. Ven- trals reaching to vent; about half of last ray adnate to body. Dorsal spines long and hair-like; the third, or longest, equal to snout and half eye. No notch between dorsals. Caudal rounded. Color. in spirits: Finely mottled with slaty above, abruptly white on lower half of side and body; membrane of spinous dorsal black; soft dorsal crossed by irregular dark lines; pectoral black on outer face; inside sometimes black, sometimes with a tinge of white, but never strikingly white as in species of J//nous; ventrals and anal black toward tips of rays, shading at base into the white of the under 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVI. parts of body; each ray of caudal with 5 or 6 small dark spots arranged to form irregular dark cross lines across fin. Peritoneum white. About a dozen specimens were taken by Jordan and Snyder at Wakanoura, the longest 6 cm. in length. (pusillus, feeble.) 17. EROSA (Swainson) Jordan and Starks, new genus. Erosa Swatnson, Nat. Hist. Classn. Anim., II, 1839, p. 61; diagnosis, no refer- ence to type, erosa understood from context. Synanchia ‘‘Swainson’’ BLEEKER, Nat. Verh. Holl. Maats. Wetens., 1874, p. 11 (reprint) (erosa): (not Synanchia Swainson, which was a mere misprint or vagary of spelling for Synanceia). Body short and thick, covered with naked skin, on which are skinny flaps. Head very large, cuboid, irregularly formed, with deep grooves and depressions. Eyes small; mouth large, almost vertical; teeth on the vomer, none on the palatine; preorbital with two strong spines; preopercle with 5 bluntish spines; bones of the skull very thick; top of head rough; a large quadrangular pit at the vertex. Dorsal fin continuous with 13 stout spines and 9 soft rays; none of the spines separated; dorsal fin beginning behind the nape; none of the fin rays filamentous. Anal short, with 3 distinct and 5 soft rays. Pectoral short without free ray. Ventrals moderate, the rays 1, 4. Caudal rounded, skin smooth. A single species, distinguished from Synanceia (horrida) = Synan- cidium = Bupichthys, by the form of the head, by the absence of warts and fringes on the smooth skin of the body, and by the absence of a deep cavity below the eye. As originally presented, neither rosa nor Synanchia seem to have any standing in nomenclature. The genus is however valid, and we may adopt Avosa as its name, unless Erosia (1857) be regarded as excluding it. ‘“orosus, ragged, gnawed out.) 44. EROSA EROSA (Langsdorf). DARUMA,@ DARUMAOKOZE, TOKENOKO (BAMBOO-SPROUTS). Synanceia erosa LANGSDORFF, In Cuvier and Valenciennes Hist. Poiss., [V, 1829, p. 459; Japan.—ScHLeceL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1848, p. 45, pl. xvi, fig. 1; Nagasaki. Synanchia erosa Swatnson, Nat. Hist. Classn. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 268. (Name only; misprint for Synanceia. ) Synancidium erosum GuNTHER, Cat. Fish, IT, 1860, p. 146; Japan.—SrernDACHNER and DépERLEIN, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 31; Tokyo, Kagoshima. Nystrom, Kong. Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 19; Nagasaki.—Isaikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 49; Kagoshima. Head 2+ in length without caudal; depth 2. Dorsal XIV, 7; anal Ill, 6. Lateral line with 11 pores. Eye 4? in head; maxillary 24; “Daruma is the red-faced squatting figure of a Buddhist saint. no. 1351. SCORPAINOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS 157 interorbital space 2+. Head very oe as Ww mae as s deep ae much wider than body, covered with coarsely sculptured bones, rough, blunt spines and ridges. Mouth very oblique, more nearly vertical than horizontal, the bluntly rounded lower jaw shutting into it and scarcely projecting, a knob developed at symphysis. Teeth in narrow bands on jaws and vomer; slightly wider in front, wider in front on premaxillaries than on mandible. Top of head between eyes nearly flat, anteriorly at each side are rough, square projections between which is a square opening for the reception of the processes from the premaxillaries; across interorbital space just behind middle of eyes is a rough transverse ridge separating a square, deep pit behind it from the premaxillary process pit; a similar transverse ridge is at occiput at the posterior end of quadrate pit; at the sides the de es are depressed slightly below the level of the occipital and interorbital ridges. The Fic. 16.—EROSA EROSA. parietals end in a triangular rough process, while more lateral and posterior is a larger but similar process (probably on post-temporal). Behind eye is a yery rough broken ridge on a level with lateral line. Superorbital rim very rough. Preorbital with 3 blunt spines along anterior edge. Suborbitals widen posteriorly into a rough, bony buckler nearly covering cheek, at the center of which is a prominent blunt spine. Preorbital ridge with 3 spines; preorbital edge with 5 rather long blunt spines, the upper ones the largest, growing smaller below; in a line with them is a similar spine on outer angle of articu- lar. Opercle with 2-spines at the ends of ridges. Distance of dorsal from tip of snout contained 2% times in entire length without caudal. The last dorsal spine the hichest, 3+ in head; the anterior spines only a little lower; no notch between dorsals; the rays higher than the spines, 2? in head. Pectoral with 16 rays, all branched, its tip reaching to front of anal, its fourth ray from the top 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. the longest, 14 in head. Ventrals short, having 1 spine and 4 rays, their length 2$ in head. Anal- spines graduated in length, the soft anal rays much longer, 3 in head. Caadal short and rounded, equal to length of ventrals. . Body scaleless; 3 or 4 rows of wart-like papille scattered over the back, and a few smaller ones above anal. ; Color in spirits: Back and sides light brownish; top of head at interorbital space and a spot at pterotic region frosted with white; from base of second to seventh dorsal spine a pinkish red band extends downward to lateral line, a similar one on last 3 spines and entire soft dorsal extends down nearly to anal; a pinkish band mixed with fine brown lines across basal half of caudal, and one across tips of rays leaving a white band between; middle of soft dorsal with a white band across all rays but last 2; pectoral brown, ¢rossed by fine, dark brown lines, a white spot on upper rays; ventrals and anal similar to dark part of pectoral; traces of pink on interorbital and suborbitals. A smaller specimen has the pink very bright, and in addition has pink on opercles, on occipital region, and on basal two-thirds of pee- toral. Another specimen has much milk white about the head, and the lower parts of body are lighter. A fourth specimen differs in being nearly uniformly dusky or black- ish on back, and in having the lateral line running in a white streak; fins marked similarly, but with blackish instead of red or dark brown. Several specimens from Misaki, the largest 120 mm. in length. 18. INIMICUS Jordan and Starks. Inimicus JORDAN and STarks, hew genus (japonicus). Body eiongate, little compressed, anteriorly low, covered with smooth skin; head depressed, fantastically formed; body, head, and fins with skinny flaps; mouth small, subvertical; teeth on yvomer, none on palatines; dorsal spines slender, about 17 in number, the 3 anterior separate from the rest, the others connected by membrane at base. Pectoral fin large, the upper rays not filamentous, the 2 lower rays detached, connected by membrane at base. Ventral rays i, 5, the fin large. Fantastic, misshapen fishes often highly colored; dreaded by fishermen for their. stinging spines. This genus differs from lor (filamentosum) chietly in the absence of long filamentous tips to the upper rays of the pectorals. The head is more depressed and some- what differently formed. (¢nimicus, enemy.) a. Color brownish or blackish with cross-bands of black or blood-red; orbital rim much elevated; a sharp ridge in front of orbital rim -......--------. japonicus, 45. aa. Color orange with black spots, or else diffuse blackish shaded with orange; no distinct cross-bands; orbital rim and its ridges less elevated --_---- aurantiacus, 46. . NO. 1351. SCORP_ENOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. J Da | ery _— 45. INIMICUS JAPONICUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). OKOZE, ONIOKOZE (DEVIL POISON-FISH). Pelor japonicum Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., IV., 1829, p. 487; Japan. Coll. Langsdorf.—ScuHuieceL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1843, p. 44, pl. xvi, fig. 2; Nagasaki.—Ricnarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 212; Canton.—Giin- THER, Cat. Fish, II, 1860, p. 151; Canton, Japan.—Srermnpacuner and DéprEr- LEIN, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 197; Tokyo.—Srerypacuner, Reise Aurora, 1897, p. 203; Kobe.—Nysrrom, Kong. Vet. Ak., 1887, p. 19; Nagasaki.— TIsHikAwa, Prel: Cat., 1897, p. 49, etc.; locality unknown.—JoRDAN and Snyper, Check List, 1901, p. 100; Yokohama. Pelor tigrinum Ricuarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 212; Canton. Head 3 in length without caudal; depth, 33. Dorsal XVII, 7; anal I, 9. Lateral line tentacles 15. Eye 7 in head; maxillary 23. Orbital rim and premaxillary processes more produced than in /. aurantiacus, the snout narrower, the distance across maxillaries just behind angle of mouth is half of length of head. The teeth similar. The arrangement of cranial spines ancL ridges the same, but they are much higher and sharper, the transverse ridge across posterior part of interorbital space is developed as a very high, sharp crest; a conspic- uous sharp ridge runs from a tubercle in front of orbital rim inward in a curve along interorbital space nearly to transverse crest. (In /. auranticus this ridge is scarcely developed.) The interorbital space, the transverse depression, and the preorbital pits are deeper. The dermal fringes are arranged the same and are the same number and size. Pectoral reaching to or a little past front of anal and having LO rays. Ventrals adnate for their whole length, the membrane extending past the tip of the last ray nearly to the front of the anal. Anal spines short, their tips not projecting through the skin. Front of dorsal dis- tant from tip of snout a space contained 43 times in entire length without caudal. Caudal rounded. Color in life dark brown, with cross bands of black or deep red. The specimen above described, in spirits, has alternate light brown and opaque pinkish red areas on back and sides, outlined with darker color; head almost entirely red down to branchiostegals, with irregular light brown spots outlined with dark brown; these mottling interorbital space and preorbital pits; a pair of them at occipital region, one on end of maxillary, a couple on opercle, and one on suborbital; cheek and snout nearly solid red; tip of mandible with a large red spot; anterior dermal fringes red; under part of head otherwise white or brownish, freckled with dark brown; the red of head extends back to third dorsal spine, involving the front of dorsal; behind which is an irregular brownish crossbar, involving dorsal to sixth spine and reach- ing to opposite anterior third of pectoral; next behind is a large red area containing some small light brown spots, extending on dorsal to 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. eleventh spine, extending down to just past middle of side, and send- ing an arm along middle of side back to a similar red spot from four- teenth spine to second or third soft ray, inclosing between a light brown spot which extends on dorsal; middle of soft dorsal crossed by a light brown band which extends down and is continuous with the light color of the lower parts; end of soft dorsal and base of caudal with a red bar: then a narrow white bar across caudal, followed by a wider red one, a white one across middle of rays, a still wider red and dark brown one, and the tips of the rays with a narrow white border; pectoral with a white bar across base of rays continuous witha similar bar obliquely across rays beyond their middle, inclosing a red spot above; posterior third of pectoral red; lower parts white, covered with large and small irregular brown spots; ventrals and anal similar, but darker with brown. Another specimen has dark brown taking the place of the red of the head, with similar light brown spots; the lower parts nearly solid brown; the dark bands of pectoral and caudal dark brown, a tinge of red on the former, the red areas of back approximately in the same place, but more restricted by the brown color. A third specimen has the head slaty black with the spots and mot- tling gray; the areas on back and fins, which were red in the first specimen, are here dusky or slate color, and those which were light brown are here gray; the lower part of side and belly is dusky, slightly brownish, and crossed in all directions by nearly straight white lines appearing like the cracks in old crockery. Numerous specimens are in the collection from Tokyo, Tsuruga, Onomichi, Yohohama, and Kobe. The species is common throughout southern Japan, and is daily in the markets, usually with the spinous dorsal removed. Measurements of Inimicus japonicus. | Length in mm. without caudal .......-- 150 | 165 195 | 145 163 | Head in hundredths of length ........-- 36 35 35 34 35 | Depthy sascha sess eee eee ee eee 33 | 28 28 29 32 DY.Ca 2 icc cece ee eee een eee eee eee | 5 52 5 5t 5 |i Faviinsai suey: cactoesie me een mae Sante | 16 | 16 16 15 16 | -interorbitalwidthcoasesseesenseeeesose 10 103 10 9 10 Width snout across maxillaries, just be- | hind angle of mouth ......------------ 18 18 19 17 19 | Length of third dorsal spine --...-.------ 20 Peso ee 18 19 18 |) dens thoficamd alle see ass oeeee eee eae Ota) ese 28 31 29 | Number of dorsal spines ......---------- XVII XVII XVI XVII XVII | Number of dorsal rays. ..-.-------------- 7 di 8 i 7 |. Number of anal spines ..........-------- | u i 11 rol u | Numberiohanal rays > se peseeeeeeesee | 9 | 9 8 10 9 46. INIMICUS AURANTIACUS (Schlegel). AKAOKOZE (RED POISON-FISH). Pelor aurantiacum SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1843, p. 44, pl. xvin, fig. 1; Nagasaki.—Gtnruer, Cat. Fish, II, 1860, p. 151, copied. Head 2% in length without caudal; depth 34; dorsal XVII, 7; anal II, 9. Lateral line with 15 pores (or tentacles). Eye 7 in head; maxillary 24. wo. 1351. SCORPANOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 161 _ Upper profile of head deeply concave from first dorsal spine to posterior end of produced premaxillary processes, the eye much pro- duced above level of rest of profile. Mandible with a knob at sym- physis. Snout very broad, the distance across maxillaries just behind angle of mouth 13 to 13 in length of head. Teeth on mandible ina broad band in front, very narrow at the sides; on premaxillaries much wider at sides and about equal in front to band on front of mandible; on vomer in a band as wide as on front of jaws; palatines toothless. Top of head with many blunt spines and ridges, much lower than in Tnimicus japonicus. A rather sharp ridge across posterior part of interorbital separating interorbital space from a transverse depression across occipital region, which is somewhat more shallow than inter- orbital space. A couple of spines on occipital region (probably on parietals), a third farther back and slightly out of line with them, and a pair behind posterior margin of eye on a level with lateral line. A spine on middle of preorbital and 2 on its lower edge, the posterior of which is the larger. One on suborbital just below deep depression in front of eye, and a pair below eye slightly before its middle, one placed above the other. Opercle with 2 small spines and a row of 3 or 4 around preopercle. A row of multifid dermal fringes around preopercle extending around lower side of mandible; the largest of these at side of mandible and at end of maxillary. A couple of small dermal flaps on preorbital and several on lower edge of opercle. A row of dermal flaps along lateral line and above it a row of shorter wart-like ones placed about half as frequently. The dorsal spines decorated with numerous tentacles. Pectoral reaching to front of anal or a little past, 10 rays without the 2 detached ones, all branched, the lower 4 appearing simple. Ventrals adnate for their whole length, the membrane extending past the tip of the last nearly to the front of anal. Anal spines entirely covered with skin, their points not free; the tips of the posterior rays reach to the base of caudal. Front of dorsal placed from tip of snout a distance contained 4 times in entire length without caudal. Caudal rounded. Color in spirits of one specimen is entirely white (bright orange in life) with the exception of 5 or 6 black spots the size of pupil scattered irregularly over each side and not placed the same on opposite sides; 8 or 4 similar spots on inner surface of pectoral. This specimen in life was bright yellowish orange. _ Another specimen is slightly dusky on back and has several regu- larly placed irregular dark brown blotches; interorbital space and preocular pits uniform dark brown; a similar colored area on opercle and preopercle, leaving a light area behind eye and on cheek; another dark brown one on back above lateral line below third to fifth dorsal spines; one just below the last and behind base of pectoral, one at tip of pectoral and one under soft dorsal rays extending on soft \ Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03——11 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIII. _ dorsal; all dermal flaps dark brown; lips and maxillary dusky; pec- toral dark at middle, lighter below and behind, a few black spots on under surface; ventrals, caudal, and anal dusky; belly and lower parts sparsely freckled with slightly diffused spots, not so large, black, or clear-cut as on the other specimen. This specimen in life, where not dark brown, was golden yellow. We have two specimens from Hiroshima and Kobe, 24 and 28 cm. in length. The species is much less common than J/iadmicus japonicus. (aurantiacus, orange color.) Measurements of Inimicus aurantiacus. Locality. Kobe. Hiroshima. Length in millimeters without caudal..........- 205 180 Head in hundredths of length................... 36 37 Dépthy: 5.222. Sesser cecsiess soee nee se te eee 30 3l BY@ soles co bacc coe cade eae se ee eee e rea eee a oeeee 5 53 Maxillatvcice i Sa ee ee eee 173 172 Interorbital-wid thi oe: ssc--m-eee mace ce eee eee 9 8 Width of snout across maxillaries ..............- 23 22 | Mengthiof pectoral js.22 250 oe cee e eee ee 38 36 >| Length of third’dorsalispinesse.e-e- eee eee eee eee 17 a7 Length of caudal) - 22-0272 ebe eset oscars 28 29 Number of dorsalspinesias--n se se-e sree sees XVII XVII Numiber of dorsal irays ae: eae ee tere een see eee 7 a Number otanalispimes’: --ssseececeesareeeeee eee Il II Num ber’of anal raysie< sass nies cess nee See 9 9 19. OCOSIA Jordan and Starks. Ocosia JORDAN and STARKS, new genus (vespa). Body compressed, elevated, covered with smooth skin. Head pointed, rather small; mouth small, little oblique; teeth on vomer and palatines; preorbital, with a long curved spine reaching nearly to the tip of the maxillary; small spines on topand sides of head; preopercle with 4 spines; spinous dorsal high, continuous, beginning above middle of eye, of 16 spines and 9 soft rays; anal rays II, 6. Ventral rays I, 5; pectoral without free rays. Small fishes of rather deep water in Japan, differing from Agriopus in lacking the preopercular spine and in having 3 spines in the anal. (vhoze or okose, the Japanese name for venomous Scorpenoid fishes.) 47. OCOSIA VESPA Jordan and Starks, new species. Head 2 in length without caudal; depth 24. Dorsal XVI, 9; anal III, 6. Ventral rays I, 5. Lateral line with 12 or 13 pores. Eye 4 in head; maxillary 23. Anterior profile from first dorsal spine to tip of snout nearly straight and rather steep, a notch between eye and premaxillary processes. Mouth scarcely oblique and below axis of body; the maxillary reach- ing to below middle of eye. Lower jaw very slightly projecting, and PN See es * . SCORPAINOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 163 without a symphy seal knob; teeth i in moder ‘ate bands on jaws; in nar- row bands on vomer and palatines. Interorbital narrow in front, equal to half the diameter of eye, increasing to twice that width over middle of eye. Superorbital rim raised in a slight crest, with a pair of ridges between, which diverge posteriorly, Posterior end of pre- orbital armed aie a long, sharp, curved spine, which reaches nearly to tip of maxillary; anterior lower edge with a very smalk spine inclined back and downward. A pair of spines on upper part of head in line with superorbital rim, and a couple behind eye in line with anterior end of lateral line. Suborbitals with a broken ridge, but without spines, ending in upper preopercle spine. Preopercle with 4 Spines and traces of a fifth below; long and sharp above, growing evenly and gradually shorter below. Last gill arch without a slit Fic. 17.—OcosIA VESPA. behind. Gill rakers rudimentary, represented by 4 or 5 small tubercles. No notch between soft rays and spines of dorsal. Spinous dorsal very high; its origin above middle of eye; its first spine equal in length to orbit and contained 23 times in second; the anterior (except the first) spines the longest, flocs easing gradually, but very slightly, in length to the last, which is shorter than second spine from one-half to four-fifths eye. Soft dorsal rays scarcely, or very slightly, longer than posterior spines, decreasing quickly in length behind middle rays; the last ray adnate to body and reaching a little past base of caudal. Pectoral reaches beyond tips of ventrals, but scarcely to front of anal; it has 12 rays, the fifth or sixth from the top the longest. Ventrals with spine and 5 rays, their tips scarcely reaching to vent. First anal spine equal in length to diameter of eye, and contained 14 in third Spine; second spine intermediate inlength. Second anal ray the long- x # as 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. t 7 est, 2 in head; last ray not adnate to body. Body and head every- where without scales. Color in spirits, brownish or dusky irregular cross bars over a white ground; one downward under seventh dorsal spine, broader below lateral line and inclosing a white spot just below it, fading on lower part of sides; the next under last spine and first 4 or 5 rays, extending nearly. to anal; a narrow band across base of caudal, and one across rays toward their tips; extreme tips white; dorsal without color, except a little dusky at end of soft dorsal; anal and tips of ventrals dusky; pectoral with a broad white band across middle of rays, a black band toward tips, and extreme tips white; a dusky spot on nape; a dark stripe from eye to upper preopercle spine, one obliquely across cheek, and one forward across maxillary and mandible; snout and tip of mandible white; a dusky band covered with small black points across interorbital space. Other specimens have small dark points on front of dorsal, base of pectoral, and on head following the radiating lines from eye. Sometimes entire dorsal is more or less spotted. One specimen shows traces of pink above lateral line and on head. In life the species was pink or pinkish gray with darker markings. Specimens were dredged by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross in 40 to 50 fathoms in Sagami Bay. Stations 3757, off Sano Point, Sagami Bay, 41 to 50 fathoms; 3762, same locality, 42 to 49 fathoms, and 3764, same locality, 44 to 50 fathoms. They do not exceed 50 mm. in length. The types are in the U. S. National Museum and are numbered 50911. Cotypes are numbered 7375 and 7376 Leland Stanford Junior Ichthyological collection. (vespa, wasp.) 20. SNYDERINA Jordan and Starks. Snyderina JorDAN and Starks, Proc. Cal, Acad. Sci., 1901, p. 381 (yamanokami). Body robust, compressed, sparsely covered with nonimbricate, thickened or granular scales. Head naked, ridged, without cranial spines. Profile angulated in front of eye; preorbital with a long sharp spine. Preopercle with a long sharp spine above and 4 smaller ones. Teeth villiform, in bands on jaws and vomer; palatines tooth- less. Gill-membranes narrowly united and narrowly connected with the isthmus. No slit behind fourth gill. Branchiostegals 7. Lateral line present. Dorsal continuous, with about 13 spines and 10 rays. Anal with 3 spines. First dorsal spine short, inserted above middle of eye; last dorsal ray adnate to caudal peduncle. Ventral rays I, 5. Pectoral without free ray. Caudal rounded. Fins all scaleless. This genus is close to Zetraroge (barbatus), differing at least in the absence of barbels at the chin. (Named for John Otterbein Snyder.) “NO. 1351. SCORPENOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 165 48. SNYDERINA YAMANOKAMI Jordan and Starks. YAMA-NO-KAMI (MOUNTAIN WITCH). ?Tetraroge giintheri BouLENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1889, p. 239, with plate; Muscat, Arabia (palatines said to have teeth). Snyderina yamanokami Jorpan and Srarks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1901, p. 381, pl. xx; Kagoshima, Japan. Head 2.6 in body; depth 2.7; eye 4 in head; maxillary 2.5. Dorsal XIII, 10; anal Ill, 5. Pores of lateral line 21. Body compressed, the back elevated anteriorly, deepest over poste- rior part of head, tapering to a rather small caudal peduncle. Head with many spines and ridges, the ridges smooth and covered with thin skin. Profile very steep from first dorsal spine to snout, Fic. 18.—SNYDERINA YAMANOKAMI. which latter projects at a sharp angle and is less nearly vertical. Mouth very oblique, the lower jaw slightly projecting. Maxillary broad at the posterior end, transversely concave. Teeth finely villi- form, in bands on jaws and vomer; palatines toothless. Width of interorbital space about two-thirds diameter of eye. Twonearly parallel high sharp ridges run from first dorsal spine to snout. A ridge around anterior margin of eye runs backward to beneath base of third dorsal spine; it has a depression above middle of eye and another above pos- terior part of eye. Superior margin of eye with a ridge which is scarcely continuous with that of anterior margin. From behind eye, about on a level with superior margin of pupil, a broken horizontal ridge extends backward above gill-opening nearly to tip of opercular flap. Suborbital stay with a sharp, smooth ridge extending back and joining at right angles a ridge that follows around margin of pre- opercle. From the latter and below its junction with suborbital ridge 166 De OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. | the preopere ils eae a midge packer mek en ends in a sharp spine. Preorbital with a short spine anteriorly projecting transversely to maxillary; a long sharp spine follows upper contour of maxillary and isas long as half the diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, blunt, uneven; about 4+8 in number. Entire head, a space on back below dorsal, breast, and a space behind base of pectoral, naked. Sides of body covered with small granula- tions which are somewhat thickened toward their posterior margins, but are not spiniferous. Dorsal without a notch between the spinous and rayed portions. The first spine not longer than eye (its tip broken), its base above middle of eye. The second spine over twice as long as the first; the fifth equal to distance from eye to tip of opercular flap. The middle rays of soft dorsal longest; their length equal to the distance from tip of snout to peepee ridge; the posterior margin of the fin straight, forming an angle slightly less than a right angle with the superior margin. The last ray is adnate to the caudal peduncle for its whole length, the membrane not quite reaching to base of caudal. The anal spines are graduated; the first scarcely as long as diameter of eye, the third twice the length of the first. When the fin is depressed the tips of the middle rays reach the base of the caudal. The last ray is adnate to the caudal peduncle for about half its length. When ven- tral fins are depressed the longest ray reaches to the base of the first anal spine, while the tip of the ventral spine falls short of it a distance equal to the diameter of the eye. Pectoral angulated, the sixth and seventh rays longest, reaching to above the first anal ray. Caudal fin narrow and elongate, with the posterior margin rounded; its length + in head. Color (from a specimen long in spirits) slaty white with brownish markings. Membrane of spinous dorsal clouded with brownish; some of the spines with a small, dark spot in front of them. All of the other fins with vermiculated markings transversely across the rays. A large dark-brown spot behind upper part of gill-opening and a smaller one on lateral line below base of last dorsal spines. Eye with traces of lines radiating from the center. The type is a single specimen (No. 6433 on the Stanford Museum Register) in good condition, 217 mm. long, presented to Stanford Uni- versity by Professor Mitsukuri of the Imperial University of Tokyo. It is said to be from Kagoshima in Kiusiu, and to bear the local name of Yama-no-kami, or Mountain Goddess, in local mythology a woman with wings, capable of starting a storm. Dr. Boulenger calls our attention to the probable identity of this species, with his Zetraroge gintheri. The two agree in form and color, but S. guntheri is said to have palatines toothed and there is some difference in size of mouth. — no. 1351. SCORPANOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 167 21. PARACENTROPOGON Bleeker. Paracentropogon BLeEKER, Act. Sci. Roy. Amst., 1876, p. 66, (longispinis). Body oblong, compressed, covered with minute scales or almost naked. Head obtuse, without spinous crests. Preorbital with two spines, preopercle with 4 or 5; opercle with 2; mouth moderate, oblique, the jaws subequal; teeth on vomer and palatines; no barbels at the chin; gills 34, no slit behind the last; pectorals moderate, with- out free rays; dorsal continuous, not joined to the caudal, the spines 12 to 14, the first inserted over the eye, the anterior spines strong and divergent; soft rays 8 or 9; ventral rays I, 4; anal rays III, 4 to 6; caudal rounded. Small brightly colored fishes, with stinging spines. Theyare distinguished from the genus 7efraroge chietly by the absence of barbels. From Gymnapistus (Pentraroge) the absence of a slit behind the last gill is the chief distinction. Both 7etraroge and Gym- napistus are said to have the ventral rays I, 5, but Valenciennes incor- rectly assigns the same number to Paracentropogon longispinis. (mapa, near; Centropogon, a related genus; «Kévtpor, spine; moywyv, beard.) 49. PARACENTROPOGON RUBRIPINNIS (Schlegel). OKOZE. Apistus rubripinnis ScuiEGEL, Faun. Jap. Poiss., 1843, p. 49, pl. xxu, fig. 2; Nagasaki. Tetraroge rubripinnis GiNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., II, 1860, p. 133; after Schlegel.—IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 50; Boshu, Misaki.—Jorpan and Snyper, Check List Fishes Japan, 1901, p. 100; Yokohama. Tetraroge longispinis StEINDACHNER, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 29; Tokyo, “agawa, Tango, not of Cuvier and Valenciennes. a species from Amboina, found also in China. Paracentropogon longispinis SrernpACHNER, Reise Aurora, 1897, p. 203; Kobe, Hiogo Tetraroge longispinis var. nuda Ginruer, Shore fishes Challenger, 1880, p. 66; Kobe, Japan. Head 3 in length without caudal; depth 2%. Dorsal XIV, 7; anal Hil, 4 or 5, usually 4. Ventral ray I, 4. Eye 33 in head; maxillary 27; interorbital 54. Lateral line with 20 pores. Anterior profile of head very steep and very slightly convex from first dorsal spine, which is above middle of eye, to tip of snout. Mouth moderately oblique, the front of premaxillaries on a level with lower margin of eye. Maxillary reaching to below middle of eye. Jaws equal, the lower with a slight knob at symphysis. Broad bands of villiform teeth on jaws, vomer and palatines; the bands on pre- maxillaries broader than on mandible, those on palatines short in com- parison with their breadth. Interorbital space rather narrow, its edges converging anteriorly, and having a pair of large ridges which 168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL, diverge anteriorly; the superorbital ridge is somewhat raised, and were the interorbital ridges absent, the interorbital space would be concave. Preopercle with a large, sharp spine at its edge on a level with suborbital stay, and 3 or 4 slight, sharp tubercles covered with skin on its edge below. A long sharp spine on posterior edge of preorbital reaches backward past end of maxillary nearly to below posterior orbital margin, anda small spine at its base, which is directed downward. Anterior limb of first gill arch with 8 or 9 very short blunt gill-rakers. Pseudobranchiz present. Gills 33, no slit behind the last. Pectoral reaching past tips of ventrals to opposite vent; pectoral rays 11, all branched. Dorsals without a notch between them; the first spine less than half the length of second; second and third sub- equal 14 to 1} times in head, the third to sixth decreasing in length backward and the remaining ones subequal, the last spines two times f Fic. 19.—PARACENTROPOGON RUBRIPINNIS. in head, and equal to the longest rays; last dorsal ray connected to body for nearly its full length by a membrane. (These measurements taken from a specimen 10 cm. in length.) In specimens 6 em. in length the first spine is longer in comparison with second, which latter is equal to half head, and the posterior spines behind the fourth are subequal in length and contained 2$ times in head. Third anal spine longer, but equal to second in diameter; its length 24 in head. Head and body appearing to the naked eye and to the touch naked; under a lens, however, the posterior part of the body is seen to be sparsely covered with small, round, embedded, nonimbricated scales, in greater or fewer numbers (sometimes entirely absent) and not always of the same size; these not developed anterior to the tip of the pec- toral. Color in spirits: Sides and backs mottled and spotted with small irregular dark-brown or black spots, sometimes arranged to form very — No.1351. SCORP_DNOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 169 much broken and irregular crossbars; when these are evident, there is one under front of soft dorsal, one under posterior part-of soft dorsal and on caudal peduncle, one across body under pectoral, one at nape, and one across interorbital space. Radiating bars commonly present from eye; these extending on iris nearly to pupil, leaving a narrow silvery ring of the iris around pupil; one downward across maxillary, one downward across cheek, one downward and backward to preopercle spine, one upward and backward toward base of second dorsal spine. A spot usually of the light ground color present just above or resting on lateral line, situated at a point midway between tip of snout and middle of caudal rays; sometimes it is made conspic- uous with opaque white pigment especially in females. Rays of soft fins crossed with narrow wavy lines, except ventrals, which are white with dusky tips. Spinous dorsal irregularly marbled; a large deep black blotch from sixth to ninth ray, extending slightly on back. Peritoneum white. A fresh specimen showed the following color: Olive spotted with darker olive; a jet-black spot on back; lower fins and belly rosy; dorsal blotched with brownish red, a pale spot above lateral line. The coloration is subject to great variation in degree of mottling. The females are rather duller in color and with lower spines. This description is based on many specimens from Tokyo, Tomo in Bingo, Misaki, Kobe, and Wakanoura. According to Dr. Giinther, this species (which he calls var. wd) is distinguished from Paracentropogon longispinis of the East Indies by the virtual absence of scales. (ruber, red; pinna, fin.) 22. ERISPHEX Jordan and Starks. Hrisphex JORDAN and STarks, new genus ( pottii). Body oblong, compressed, scaleless, but covered with velvety pric- kles. Head without spines or rough crests above; preorbital with 2 spines below; preopercle with 3 or + blunt spines, opercle with 2 spines; mouth moderate; teeth on the yomer, none on the palatines. Dorsal fin continuous, notched after the third or fourth spine, begin- ning over the eye, of 11 to 13 spines and 9 to 11 soft rays; pectorals rounded; without free rays; anal with 2 spines and 8 to 10 soft rays; ventral rays I, 2, or I, 3. Small fishes of the East Indies, ranging northward to Japan. From Cocotropus Kaup (echinatus), the most nearly related genus, the Japanese genus differ in the presence of but 1 or 2 soft rays in the ventrals instead of 5. (€or, very; o€&, wasp.) a. Dorsal rays XI, 13; the 3 anterior spines set off by a notch; maxillary reaching BeOnmenmMImGle OF OVG> 2. 025 2222.8. o.oo ena ee---<-s---55 pottii, 50. aa. Dorsal rays XIII, 10; the 4 anterior spines set off by a notch; maxillary barely PmaITOmbsGt CVG. ~ 2-95 25.6 cb ee esse nsee nese kagoshimensis, 51. ATO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXVIi. 50. ERISPHEX POTTII (Steindachner). Cocotropus pottii StEINDACHNER, Reise der Aurora, 1897, p. 203, pl. 1v, fig. 1; Kobe.—Jorpan and Snyprr, Check List, 1901, p. 101; Yokohama. Head 3$ in length without caudal; depth 23. Dorsal XI, 13; anal II, 10. Ventral I, 2. Lateral line with 14 pores. Eye 4 in head; maxillary 2. Upper profile of head nearly uniformly convex from first dorsal spine to tip of snout, a slight notch between slightly produced proc- esses from premaxillaries and superorbital rim. Mouth very oblique, more nearly vertical than horizontal. Lower jaw bluntly rounded and strongly projecting. Anterior end of premaxillaries on a level with lower margin of pupil; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye. Teeth in moderate bands on jaws, growing wider in front; the patch on vomer narrower than on jaws, widest at the middle; palatines tooth- less. Interorbital slightly concave; 43 in head; a high median ridge divides anteriorly and surrounds a pit behind premaxillary processes, posteriorly it stops at a slight transverse depression just in front of dorsal. Preorbital with 2 spines, the posterior much the larger, nearly reaching to end of maxillary, the anterior small and pointing down- ward and outward. Preopercle with 4 spines, the upper one the larg- est, the others growing gradually smaller below. A blunt spine or tubercle at upper -posterior edge of eye, another behind it opposite base of third dorsal spine; 2 similar ones behind eye on a level with beginning of lateral line. z , “x0.1351. SCORP.ENOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 171 ae aie E Of this species we have numerous specimens, the longest 85 mm. in length. These were taken at Tokyo, Wakanoura, and Matsushima Bay, Station 3771, off Doumiki Point in 61 fathoms. (Named for Constantine von Pott, captain of the Awrord.) 51. ERISPHEX KAGOSHIMENSIS (Ishikawa). Tetraroge dermacanthus Isa1kAwa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 50; Kagoshima, not of Bleeker. Tetraroge kagoshimensis IsHtkAwa, Notes on species of fishes new to Japanese waters. (MSS., 1902; Kagoshima. ) Bev, cx, 10; A.J. 9; V.:1, 3. “Skin studded with small prickles. Snout slightly longer than eye, which is equal to interorbital space. Lower jaw projecting; maxillary not quite reaching orbit; no barbels. Dorsal fin beginning over posterior edge of eye, the four anterior spines partly separated from the others; second and third spines longest. About 9 groups of larger prickles along the lateral line. Color, in spirits, sepia brown, with faint irregular markings of darker color. Type, a single specimen from Kagoshima 84 mm. in length; head 28 mm. in length; snout 10; eye 7.5; first dorsal spine 10, second 11; pectoral 21; ventral 15; greatest depth of body 33.’’ (Ishikawa MS. ) This specimen, No. 869, in the Imperial Museum of Tokyo, was examined by us. It is close to Hrisphex dermacanthus, but apparently distinct from 2. pott7. It is distinguished by the partial separation of the first four dorsal spines. 23 AP LOACG LES Sehlegel: Aploactis SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1843, p. 51 (aspera). ? Aploactisoma CAsTELNAU, Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, II, 1872, p. 64 (schomburgki a species with 5 detached spines). Head and body compressed, studded with small prickles; bones of the head with obtuse prominences; preorbital without spine; mouth moderate, with teeth on vomer; none on palatines. Dorsal fin beginning anteriorly with 14 spines and 11 to 14 soft rays; the 3 anterior spines detached from the others; anal long, without distinct spines; ventral rays I, 2. Pectorals moderate, without free-ray; caudal rounded. Japan and East Indies. (azhods, simple; aw«rts, ray.) 52. APLOACTIS ASPERA Richardson. Aploactis ScutEcEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1848, p. 51, pl. xx, fig. 3; Nagasaki. Aploactis aspera Ricuarpson, Voy. Sulphur, Fishes, 1846, p. 72; China.—Gtn- THER, Cat. Fish, II, 1860, p. 142; Japan.—SrermpacuNner and DODERLEIN, Fische Japans, IV, 1884, p. 197; Kagoshima. Head 3} in length without caudal; depth 34. Dorsal III, XI, 12; anal 18. Ventral I, 2. Lateral line with 12 pores. Eye 44 in head; maxillary 23. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. 172 The supraorbital rim is but little produced, leaving the upper pro-— file of head nearly uniformly convex from first dorsal spine to tip of snout; there is a slight notch in front and behind eye. Mouth very oblique; the anterior end of premaxillary is slightly above the level of middle of eye; the maxillary scarcely reaches to below anterior margin of pupil. Lower jaw bluntly rounded and projecting. Teeth in broad bands on jaws, narrower on vomer, palatines toothless; bands on premaxillaries not widened in front, those on mandible very slightly widened. Interorbital with a pair of ridges slightly raised above superorbital rim and having a wide shallow depression between, which is closed behind by a transverse ridge bounding a slight trans- verse depression across head in front of first dorsal spine. Superorbital rim uneven and continuous posteriorly with a broken, very crooked ridge; just below which are a couple of blunt tubercles forming a broken ridge from upper posterior border of eye. Suborbitals with a Fic. 20.—APLOACTIS ASPERA. blunt, crooked ridge ending in the upper preopercle spine. Preorbital ending posteriorly in a pair of very blunt, short spines and having a similar spine on its anterior edge, which points down and forwards. Preopercle with 5 spines, all blunt, the upper one the largest, the others growing gradually smaller below. Opercle with 2 blunt spines at the ends of slight ridges. Last gill arch without a slit behind it. Gill rakers scarcely developed; 5 or 6 slight tubercles below angle of first arch. Head and body completely covered with coarse, rather soft papille, which vary in size and abundance on different specimens; some- times they are rather fine and scattered on head, and the blunt cranial spines and ridges stand out prominently, sometimes they are so coarse and abundant as to obscure the spines more or less. ; Pectoral reaching to opposite vent, its border rounded, having 18 simple rays. Ventrals short and with 1 spine and 2 rays, their length — al th ee 7 re 2 in head. The first 3 spines of dorsal separated from succeeding no. 1351. SCORPANOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 178 spines; no notch between spines and rays, and as rays are all simple it is difficult to distinguish spines from rays. Dorsal base ending just in front of caudal base. Anal not reaching so far back as dorsal; its insertion midway between tip of mandible and posterior third of caudal. Color slate or brownish, usually lighter below, but not always; sides sometimes with fine black spots; fins all black or dark slate color, sometimes showing black cross lines, particularly on pectoral; tips of pectoral rays and dorsal rays and spines light. This description is based on 6 specimens from Nagasaki, the longest 95 mm. in length. The species is apparently rather rare. (asper, rough.) SUMMARY. Family Scorp®NID®. 1. Sebastolobus Gill. 1. macrochir (Giinther); Miyako, Misaki, Nemuro, Sagami Bay. 2. Sebastodes Gill. . glaucus (Hilgendorf); Bering Island. . taczanowskii (Steindachner); Otaru, Mororan, Iwanai, Aomori, Samé. . itinus Jordan and Starks; Hakodate. . steindachneri (Hilgendort); Hakodate. . gintheri Jordan and Starks; Misaki, Wakanoura, Hakodate. . inermis (Cuvier and Valenciennes); Hakodate, Matsushima, Tokyo, Misaki, Enoshima, Kobe, Onomichi, Hiroshima, Wakanoura, Nagasaki, Tsushima. . tokionis Jordan and Starks; Misaki, Tokyo, Wakanoura, Tsuruga. 9. joyneri (Ginther); Aomori, Miyako, Tokyo. 10. matsubare (Hilgendorf); Misaki. 11. iracundus Jordan and Starks; Kushiro. 12. flammeus Jordan and Starks; Misaki. 13. seythropus Jordan and Snyder; Misaki, Tokyo. 14. fuscescens (Houttuyn); Tokyo, Nagasaki, Otaru, Iwanai, Aomori, Samé, Mor- oran, Hakodate. co bo “IoD Ot oo 3. Sebastichthys Gill. 15. vulpes (Steindachner and Déderlein); Hakodate, Samé, Miyako near Morioka. 16. nivosus (Hilgendorf); Samé, Misaki. 17. trivittatus (Hilgendort) ; Aomori, Kushiro. 18. oblongus (Giinther); (not seen). 19. mitsukurii (Cramer); Hakodate, Aomori, Matsushima, Tokyo, Yokohama, Ono michi, Kobe, Nagasaki. 20. pachycephalus (Schlegel); Wakanoura, Kobe, Hiroshima, Shimonoseki. 21. elegans (Steindachner and Déderlein); Misaki, Onomichi, Miyajima. 4. Neosebastes Guichenot. 22. entaxis Jordan and Starks; Misaki, Chosu, 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. XXVIT, 5. Thysanichthys Jordan and Starks. 23. crossotus Jordan and Starks; Suruga Bay. 6. Sebastiscus Jordan and Starks. 24. marmoratus (Cuvier and Valenciennes); Hakodate, Samé, Tokyo, Misaki, Sagami Bay, Enoshima, Suruga Bay, Kobe, Hiroshima, Wakanoura, Nagasaki. 25. albofasciatus (Lacépéde); Tokyo, Misaki, Awa, Wakanoura, Nagasaki, Suruga Bay, Totomi Bay. 7. Helicolenus Goode and Bean. 26. dactytoplterus (De la Roche); Misaki, Awa, Sagami Bay, Suruga Bay. 27. emblemarius Jordan and Starks; Okinose, Misaki. 8. Scorpena (Artedi) Linnzeus. 28. fimbriata Doderlein; Wakanoura, Kobe, Misaki, Tokyo. 29. miostoma Giinther; (not seen.) 30. onaria Jordan and Snyder; Tokyo. 31. izensis Jordan and Snyder; Suruga Bay, Sagami Bay, Totomi Bay. 9. Scorpxnopsis Heckel. 32. cirrhosa (Thunberg); Wakanoura, Nagasaki. 33. kagoshimana (Steindachner and Doderlein); not seen. 10. Setarches Johnson. 34. albescens (Steindachner and Doderlein ) ; Misaki, Totomi Bay. 11. Lythrichthys Jordan and Starks. 30. eulabes Jordan and Starks; Suruga Bay. 12. Pterois Cuvier. 36. volitans (Linneeus). 37. lunulata Schlegel; Tokyo, Yokohama, Wakanoura, Misaki. 13. Hbosia Jordan and Starks. ge oO bleekeri (Steindachner and Déderlein); Tokyo. 14. Apistus-Cuvier. 39. evolans Jordan and Starks; Tokyo. 40. venenans Jordan and Starks; Nagasaki. 15. Minous Cuvier and Valenciennes. 41. adamsi Richardson; Kobe, Onomichi, Wakanoura, Nagasaki. 42. echigonius Jordan and Starks; Niigata. 16. Decterias Jordan and Starks. 43. pusillus (Schlegel); Wakanoura. SCORPENOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 175 17. Erosa (Swainson) Jordan and Starks. 44. erosa (Langsdorf); Misaki. 7 18. Inimicus Jordan and Starks. 45. japonicus (Cuvier and Valenciennes); Tokyo, Onomichi, Yokohama, Kobe. 46. aurantiacus (Schlegel); Hiroshima, Kobe. 19. Ocosia Jordan and Starks. 47. vespa Jordan and Starks; Sagami Bay. 20. Snyderina Jordan and Starks. 48. yamanokami Jordan and Starks; Kagoshima. 21. Paracentropogon Bleeker. 49. rubripinnis (Schlegel); Tokyo, Tomo, Misaki, Kobe, Wakanoura. ) 22. Erisphex Jordan and Starks. 50. pottii (Steindachner); Tokyo, Wakanoura, Matsushima Bay. 51. kagoshimenis (Ishikawa); Kagoshima. 23. Aploactis Schlegel. 82. aspera Richardson; Nagasaki. NOTE. The Scbastodes flammeus described on page 108 is known only from a single specimen in very poor condition, and no satisfactory illustra- tion could be made. An outline drawing is here given which errs in representing the lowermost pectoral rays branched; there are eight simplex ones as described. Fig, 21.—SEBASTODES FLAMMEUS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. | —_ ae ;. = %o La? Pen rb ae SEBASTODES SCYTHROPUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 109. a ‘ 12 Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03 ” PL. Il "OL 39Vd 338 31W1d 4O NOILWNYTdx3 YOY “SN390S30SN4 S3GOLSVE3aS PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVIII = 2 uw o = = = < z 9 = < z o = A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN GREAT HORNED OWLS. By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, Assistant Ornithologist, Department of Agriculture. The difficulty of accumulating a satisfactory amount of material has always been a serious obstacle in the study of the great horned owls. The author has been fortunate enough to bring together more than 200 specimens, representing all but one of the American forms, and the opportunity thus afforded for a better understanding of their relation- ships has, of course, been exceptional. That the number of subspecies must be considerably increased is hardly surprising, in view of the comparatively small number hitherto recognized and the great geographical area involved. It is evident, however, that there is but one species in all America—North, Central, and South, the various races being intimately connected by individual or geographical intergrades. In contrast to the condition existing in many other similarly plastic types, very few of the New World repre- sentatives of As/o“ are confined within closely circumscribed geograph- ical limits. With the exception of occidentalis and wapacuthu, all seem to be strictly nonmigratory, and thus any record safely may be considered as based upon the resident bird. Although size seems to be the sole sexual difference, the range of individual variation is very great, further complicating the already difficult problem of relationship. A key to the solution of this prob- lem is furnished by what is probably the most interesting result of the present study—the discovery of the fact that there exists in at least several of the American forms, and probably in not a few of the Old World species as well, a dichromatism, comparable to that of the genus Otus,’ though perhaps not so impressive, which is manifested ina light and a dark, sometimes also a rufous or ochraceous, phase, independent of sex, age, season, or locality; in extreme conditions entirely distinct, yet completely connected by various intermediates. “The proper name of Bubo. For explanation of the change see Stone, Auk, XX, 1903, pp. 272-276. . DAn earlier name for Pisorhina (=Megascops). See Stone, Auk, XX, 1903, pp. 272-276. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXVII—No, 1352. 177 178 This dichromatism, or rather, polychromatism, together with better knowledge of actual distribution, serve to explain away the supposed interrupted distribution of one or two West American races. In the present investigation the author has been much aided by the collection of the Biological Survey, by access to the collection of the U.S. National Museum that Mr. Ridgway has accorded, and by the loan of specimens from Mr. William Brewster, Mr. Outram Bangs, Dr. Louis B. Bishop, Mr. Jewell D. Sornborger, and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia through Mr. Witmer Stone. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE AMERICAN FORMS OF ASIO, BASED ON ADULT FEMALES. I. Wing averaging less than 350 mm. A. Wing averaging less than 320 mm. a, Hixposed! culmenaless) thy aint Oi minineyeys ree elachistus. al Exposed culimentmotelessitlre mp0 image ee mayensis. B. Wing averaging more than 320 mm. a. Moreirufescentsthrouch outs eee eee ee ee mesembrinus. a‘. Less rufescent throughout. b. Opper parts darker o3--295) te tee ee eee ee nigrescens. b1. Upper parts lighter. c. More finely barred below; bill smaller....-.............--- magellanicus. c1. More coarsely barred below; bill larger). -.--:-.-----22-2-2- melancerus. . Wing averaging more than 350 mm. Il. Wing averaging more than 350 m1 A. Wing averaging over 370 mim. a. Light colored. ba Mery- pales tfeet amamn acull atc seyerre sya ee gee wapacuthu, b'. Darker; feet more or less spotted. ce. Darker above; lower parts more heavily barred.---..-.--.--.---- algistus. c!. Lighter above; lower parts less heavily barred ............- occidentalis. a’. Dark colored. b. Face and notzeum more blackish, less rufescent. c. Lower parts paler; feet Jess mottleds:.-2- 2222-2 -525-2 21-5252 heterocnemis. c!. Lower parts darker; feet more heavily mottled._.......-.-.---saturatus. bt. Race and noteum~ lichter moremutescent =.=) 22s =e e sae lagophonus. B. Wing averaging under 370 mim. a. Upper parts lighter. b. Face and lower parts lighter; feet less spotted ..-..--.-.-.------- pallescens. b'. Face and lower parts darker; feet more spotted......-----.----- pacificus. a', Upper parts darker. b. Wing averaging over 360 mm.; very rufescent ......-.-------- vITgiINianus. b', Wing averaging under 360 mm.; less rufescent. c. More blackish above; feet scarcely mottled.-.....---.--------- NIGVeSCeNns. ¢2. Wess blackishvabove-wiectamuch mothlediass==-= ae ae icelus. ASIO MAGELLANICUS MAGELLANICUS (Gmelin). Strix bubo 6. magellanicus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 286. Strix nacurutu Vre1tLoT, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., VII, 1817, p. 44. Type locality.—Southern South America. Geographical distribution.—Southern South America, north to Peru and Southern Brazil. " 2 No.1352. AMERICAN GREAT HORNED OWLS—OBERHOLSER. 179 Measurements (4 males)—Wing, 312-327 (average, 320.3) mm.: tail, 183-200 (average, 191) mm.; exposed culmen, 35-37 (average, 36) mm.; culmen without cere, 25-26 (average, 25.8) mm.—(/ female).— Wing, 342 mm.; tail, 204 mm.; exposed culmen, 37 mm.; culmen without cere, 25 mm. This race is very closely allied to those from Mexico and the south- western United States, averaging different from pac/fieus only in reduced size and narrower character of the dark barring on the lower surface; from melancerus in smaller bill, paler upper parts, and less heavily barred ventral surface. Gmelin described both magellanicus and virginianus on the same page,” but as all the American forms of the genus seem to be conspe- cific, the name magellanicus, as it stands first, must be used for the species. Specimens have been examined from the following localities: Chile.—Gregory Bay, Straits of Magellan; Santiago. Argentine Republic.—Upper Rio Chico, Patagonia. ASIO MAGELLANICUS NIGRESCENS (Berlepsch). Bubo nigrescens BreruerscH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 309. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Asio magellanicus magellanicus, but with more blackish and less rufous both above and below. Type locality. —Cechce (10,000 feet), western Ecuador. Geographical distribution.—Eeuador. Measurements (of type, a female).—Wing, 350 mm.; tail, 185 mm.; culmen, 30.5 mm.; tarsus, SO min. Although not examined in the present connection, this form is appar- ently quite distinct, differing from w/rg/néanus and the other similar races in its deep blackish appearance and its notable reduction or lack of fulvous tints. ASIO MAGELLANICUS MESEMBRINUS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Resembling As/o magellanicus magellanicus, Wut very much more rufescent throughout, and with a larger bill. Type locality. —San José, Costa Rica. Geographical distribution.—Costa Rica. Measurements (of type).—Wing, 340 mm.; tail, 198 mm.; exposed culmen, 41 mm.; culmen witbout cere, 29 mm.; tarsus, 63 mm.; mid- dle toe, 39 mm. Description.—Type, [female] adult, No. 33218, U.S.N.M.; San José, Costa Riea; J. Carmiol. Above brownish black, much mottled and vermiculated with whitish and buffy, these markings least con- spicuous on the head; the cervix, upper back, and rump with much aSyst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 286. 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVH. tawny; all the feathers of the upper parts with the subbasal portions tawny, the exterior webs of scapulars also of this color; wing-coverts like the back, but with more whitish; wing-quills fuscous, with broad, broken, buffy bars on the outer webs, and bars of ochraceous buff on the inner vanes, these markings becoming distally more obsolete and brownish; tail fuscous, the middle feathers very irregularly barred and mottled with buffy and whitish, the rest vermiculated and more regularly barred with buffy and ochraceous; forehead and supraloral region mixed white, buffy, ochraceous, and dark brown; facial disk tawny, mixed with whitish and blackish, bounded behind by a black bar which is almost continuous with the black and tawny ‘‘horns;” chin and throat white, between them a band of dark brown and tawny feathers; chest deep tawny with vermiculations and large spots of blackish, mixed with some white; rest of lower parts deep tawny, with some admixture of white medially, and thickly barred with dark brown; lining of wing white and tawny, barred and spotted with blackish; tibie tawny, slightly spotted posteriorly with dusky; feet and tarsi dull buff, almost unmarked. This form is much more different from all of its nearest geographic relatives than it is from Asto m. virginianus, with which it closely agrees in color, though much inferior in size. ASIO MAGELLANICUS MELANCERUS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Asio magellanicus mesembrinus, but rufes- cent colors paler and less extensive both above and below, par- ticularly on abdomen, thighs, and feet, the last more spotted; face somewhat lighter. Type locality.—Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca, Mexico. Geographical distribution.—Guatemala, and Mexico north to Jalisco, Guanajuato, and southern Tamaulipas. Measurements (1 male).—Wing, 320 mm.; tail, 180 mm.; exposed culmen, 36 mm.; culmen without cere, 26. (3 females.)—Wing, 345-355 (average, 349) mm.; tail, 205-210 (average, 207.3) mm.; exposed culmen, 39-41 (average, 40) mm.; culmen without cere, 27-29 (average, 28) mm. Description.—Type, adult female, No. 59497, U.S.N.M.; Tehuan- tepec City, Oaxaca, Mexico, October 16, 1869; F. Sumichrast. Upper surface brownish black, mottled and vermiculated with white, buffy, and deep ochraceous, this marking least extensive on the head; wing- coverts like the back; wing-quills fuscous, with wide broken bars, exteriorly of whitish or light brownish, interiorly of ochraceous or ochraceous buff; tail fuscous, broadly barred with whitish and ochra- ceous, most irregularly on the middle feathers; forehead and supra- floral region brownish black, mottled with white and buffy; facial disk grayish, mixed with ochraceous and blackish, bounded behind by a ee NO. 1852. AMERICAN GREAT HORNED OWLS—OBERHOLSER. 181 _ black bar; horns brownish black, the inner and basal parts ochraceous; sides of neck mingled white, dark brown, and ochraceous; chin and throat white, separated by a band of dark brown and ochraceous; breast ochraceous, mottled with whitish and dark brown, and heavily spotted with brownish black; rest of lower parts, with lining of wing, white, more or less mixed with ochraceous, and barred with dark brown; the ochraceous legs and dull buffy feet barred and spotted with dusky. This race more closely resembles pacificus than it does either pal- lescens or mayensis, both of which in geographical position are nearer. It may be distinguished from pacificus by its smaller size, larger bill, darker upper parts, and the usually greater amount of rufescent admixture in the plumage of the face. The type of this race is a specimen in rufous (or better, ochraceous) plumage, but not less common is a gray phase, differing in the restric- tion and pallor of the rufescent parts of the plumage, though the gen- eral effect of the whole bird is just as dark. Specimens examined come from the following localities: Oaxvaca.—Tehuantepec. Guanajuato.— Guanajuato. Jalisco.—Guadalajara; Etzatlan; La Barca. Puebla.— Orizaba; Chalchicomula. Michoacan.—Querendaro; Zamora. Mexico.—Mount Popocatepetl; Tlalpam. Tamaulipas.—Soto. La Marina. Guatemala.—|No further locality given. | ASIO MAGELLANICUS MAYENSIS (Nelson). Bubo virginianus mayensis Newtson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIV, 1901, p. 170. Chars. subsp.—Resembling Asio magellanicus melancerus, but paler; the lower parts not so heavily barred, and with less rufous; face and feet less rufescent, the latter less conspicuously mottled with dusky. Type locality.—Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico. Geographical distribution.—Yucatan, Mexico. Measurements (of type, a female).—Wing, 315 mm.; tail, 198 mm.: exposed culmen, 41 mm.; culmen without cere, 29 mm. ; tarsus, 54 mm. ; middle toe, 45 mm. This form was described by Mr. Nelson from a single specimen, and none but the type has been available for present comparison. The validity of the race, however, seems to be sufficiently attested by the characters above detailed. It approaches apparently most closely to pallescens and pacificus; differing from the latter in smaller size, larger bill, usually more grayish face, and slightly paler lower surface. 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII, ASIO MAGELLANICUS PALLESCENS (Stone). Bubo virginianus pallescens Strong, Amer. Nat., XX XI, 1897, p. 237 (in text). Chars. subsp.—Like Asio magellanicus mayensis, but larger, with relatively smaller bill; upper surface paler. Type locality.—W atson Ranch, Medina River, 18 miles southwest of San Antonio, Texas. Geographical distribution.—W estern Texas to southeastern Califor- nia; south to northern Mexico. Meusurements (9 mates).—W ing, 830-360 (average, 341) mm.; tail, 195-225 (average, 215.9) mm.; exposed culmen, 33-39 (average, 37.3) mm.; culmen without cere, 24-29.5 (average, 27.3) mm. (9 females.)— Wing, 355-375 (average, 362.8) mm.; tail, 200-235 (average, 222) mm.; exposed culmen, 35-43 (average, 39) mm.; culmen without cere, 26-31 (average, 29) mm. The present subspecies, by reason of its much smaller size and much paler colors throughout, is so very different from a/rg/nianus that for typical specimens no comparison is necessary. It seems to reach its greatest degree of pallor in Arizona and the immediately contiguous region. A specimen from Rodriguez, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, somewhat approaches .erginianus, though not strongly enough to warrant its reference to that form. In Asto m. pallescens there is, in almost any locality, a remarkably wide range of variation, irrespective of altitude or other influences sometimes supposed to be potent in producing such differences in this group of birds; for, in fine, this race exhibits to a marked degree the dichromatism existing in many of the others. The ordinary or light phase in its extreme manifestation is almost as white below as As/o m. wapacuthu, with legs and feet as immaculate, and is sometimes even paler above, though of course on account of small size not to be con- fused with that form. The dark phase is of very different appearance, the color above being very blackish, the lower parts dark, with mark- ings blackish instead of brownish, the feet ochraceous and much mottled, thus to some degree resembling the similar condition of both occidentalis and wapacuthu, vet rather more ochraceous. There is also a third phase which comes close to the light phase of w7rginéanus, and in which ochraceous predominates throughout the plumage of both upper and lower parts, including the face and feet. The type of padles- cens is intermediate between the ochraceous and the light gray phases. Specimens examined are from the following localities: Arizona.—Tueson; Colorado River at Monument 204, Mexican Boundary Line; San Bernardino Ranch; Fort Lowell; Camp 98, Kennerly and Méllhausen; Fullers; Oracle; Fort Whipple; Huachuca Mountains; Phoenix. New Mexico.—San Luis Mountains; Chico Springs; Longitude 107° 15’, Mexican Boundary Line. “yo. 1382. = AMERICAN GREAT HORNED OWLS—OBERHOLSER. 183 Tewas.—Fort Clark; Marathon: Medina; Presidio County; Watson Ranch, 18 miles southwest of San Antonio; Monahans. Lower California.—Salton River (United States Boundary Line); Gardiners Lagoon (United States Boundary Line). Nuevo Leon.—Rodriguez. Coahuila.—Sabinas. ASIO MAGELLANICUS PACIFICUS (Cassin). Bubo virginianus variety pacificus Cassrx, Ilustr. Birds Calif., Texas, ete., 1854, p- 178. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Asio magellanicus pallescens, but darker throughout; feet much more heavily mottled with dusky; face with usually more admixture of rufous. Type locality.— Western North America (southern California”). Geographical distribution.—California, except the southeastern part and the northern and central coast districts; extending northward to Fort Klamath, Oregon, eastward to the San Francisco Mountains, Arizona. _ Measurements (6 males).— Wing, 313-353 (average 336.5) mm.; tail, 190-218 (average, 204.5) mm.; exposed culmen, 34-88 (average, 36) mm.; culmen without cere, 25-27 (average, 26) mm. (4 females.)— Wing, 350-870 (average, 360.7) mm.; tail, 213-228 (average, 219.3 mm.; exposed culmen, 34-38 (average 36.8) mm.; culmen without cere, 27—28 (average, 27.5) mm. A specimen from Fort Klamath, Oregon, doubtless referable here, is very ochraceous, and suggests the existence of another phase in this race. A single bird from San Bernardino, California, is quite as small as elachistus, bat probably is abnormally so, as specimens from farther south are much larger. None of pacéficus from Lower California have been examined, though the present subspecies undoubtedly occupies at least the extreme northern portion. The reference of the birds from the region of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Arizona, to pacificus is not wholly satisfactory, though the only specimens we haye seen— one from the San Francisco Mountains and another from the Coconino Plateau, Arizona—appear to be nearest this form. The first-mentioned example is decidedly larger than any of our specimens of pacificus, besides being rather dark, and, after all, this and the one from the Coconino Plateau may be nothing more than dark-phase intermediates between pallescens and occidentalis. Specimens from the following localities have been seen: California.—Dulzura; San Diego; Fort Tejon; Fullerton; San Ber- nardino; Fort Crook; Kern Lakes; Red Bluff. Arizona.—San Francisco Mountain; Coconino Plateau, Grand Canyon of the Colorado. Oregon.—Fort Klamath. «Stone, Auk, XIIT, 1896, p. 155. 184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. ASIO MAGELLANICUS ELACHISTUS (Brewster). Bubo virginianus elachistus Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLI, 1902, p. 96. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Asto magellanicus pacificus, but very much smaller. Type locality.—Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California. Geographical distribution.—Southern Lower California. Measurements (5 males).—Wing, 305-825 (average, 315.6) mm.; tail, 175-206 (average, 190.3) mm.; exposed culmen, 33-88 (average, 36.5) mm.; culmen without cere, 21-26 (average, 24.8) mm. (/ female).— Wing, 330 mm.; tail, 211 mm.; exposed culmen, 38 mm.; culmen without cere, 27.5 mm. Description (light phase).—Adult male, No. 17238, U.S.N.M.; Cadu- ana, Lower California, November 25, 1859; John Xantus. Upper surface dull brown, so much mixed and mottled with white, grayish, buff, and pale ochraceous that the general appearance is quite light; wing-coverts and exposed surface of innermost secondaries like the back, with, however, somewhat more white; rest of wing-quills fus- cous, with broad bars of buffy and ochraceous distally growing obso- lete; tail-feathers fuscous, the middle pair and outer webs of all but outermost brokenly barred with whitish or buff. The remainder broadly barred with ochraceous buff; extreme forehead and supra- loral line white; facial disk ochraceous, slightly mixed with dusky, and bordered posteriorly by a black band; ear tufts deep brown, the inner webs and basal portion of the feathers chiefly ochraceous buff; sides of neck mixed white, buff, and dark brown; chin and throat white, divided by a band of ochraceous mixed with dark brown; breast pale ochraceous mingled with white, spotted and yermiculated with black- ish; rest of lower surface white, somewhat mixed with pale ochraceous posteriorly, and barred with dark brown except on median portion of abdomen; lining of wing white, spotted with ochraceous and dark brown; tibiee ochraceous buff, indistinctly marked with dusky; feet and tarsi dull white, the latter posteriorly a little spotted with dusky. This race may be distinguished from Aso m. melancerus by its reduced size, paler and less rufescent coloration. Compared with mayensis, it has a smaller bill, and more ochraceous or rufous in the plumage, particularly that of the face. In elachistus there are two very distinct phases, one light, the other dark. Mr. Brewster’s type is an example of the latter, which seems to be the more common, and from which the former so much differs as to be deemed worthy of the above description. Examples from the following localities have been examined: Lower California.—La Paz; Caduana; San José del Rancho; Sierra de la Laguna; Santa Anita. es NO. 1352. AMERICAN GREAT HORNED OWLS—OBERHOLSER. 185 ASIO MAGELLANICUS ICELUS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Resembling Asio magellanicus pacificus, but very much darker, particularly on the upper parts. Type locality.—San Luis Obispo, California. Geographical distribution.—Coast of California, north of about 35 north latitude. Measurements (1 male).—W ing, 335mm. ; tail, 215mm. (2 females). Wing, 345-360 (average, 352.5) mm.; tail, 203-230 (average, 216.5) mm.; exposed culmen, 38-40 (average, 39) mm.; culmen without cere, 27.5-28.5 (average, 28) mm. Description.—Type, adult female, No. 141225, U.S.N.M.: Biological Survey Collection; San Luis Obispo, California, November 29, 1891; E. W. Nelson. Upper surface brownish black, mottled and irregularly barred with buffy ochraceous and grayish white, least so on the fore- head and horns; tail fuscous, with broad broken bars of ochraceous, which, on the middle feathers, become almost white: wings fuscous, both the quills and their coverts barred on exterior webs with dull, mottled grayish, brownish or whitish, on the inner webs with pale ochraceous; face mixed grayish, ochraceous, and blackish; chin and sides of neck generally similar to the upper surface: throat white; breast buffy, with spots and irregular bars of black; rest of lower surface buffy whitish, heavily barred with black, except in middle of abdomen, where these markings are brown and less conspicuous; feet and tarsi pale buff, or whitish, much mottled with dark brown; under wing-coverts white or buffy, with heavy irregular bars and other markings of dark brown and blackish. The affinities of this new form are with the saturatus group, as to reasonable extent might be expected from its range, rather than with pacificus. An example from Redwood City, California, is somewhat darker and more rufescent than those from the localities more southern, indicating an intergradation to the northward with either lagophonus or saturatus. Our specimens are from the subjoined localities: California.—San Luis Obispo; Redwood City; Nicasio. ASIO MAGELLANICUS LAGOPHONUS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Resembling As/o magellanicus icelus, but larger; the feet darker; all the ochraceous and rufous tints, particularly on face and feet, much more pronounced. Type locality.—¥ort Walla Walla, Washington. Geographical distribution. Washington and northern Oregon (excepting the coast region), with Idaho; north through eastern and central British Columbia to Cook Inlet and the interior of Alaska. I 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Nee (9 Pee vane 345- 370 (averse. 355.8) mm. ; an 910-235 (average, 223.5) mm.; aie culmen, 35-41 (average, 37.9) mm.; culmen without cere, 25-30 (average, 27.4) mm. (6 females).— Wing, 350-400 (average, 375. 8) mm.; tail, 213-252 (average, 238.5) mim. : none culmen, 36-49.5 (average, 40.1) mm.; culmen without cere, 26-31 (average, 29.2) mm. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 88377, U.S.N.M.; Fort Walla Walla, Washington, November 13, 1881; Capt. Charles Ben- dire. Upper surface brownish black, much mottled and vermicu- lated with whitish, buffy, and ochraceous, the last most conspicuous anteriorly, but the subbasal portions of all the feathers more or less ochraceous; wing-coverts like the back; wing-quills fuscous, barred broadly though somewhat irregularly on outer webs with dull buffy or brownish white, on interior webs with ochraceous; tail sepia, barred brokenly and vermiculated with whitish, buff, and ochraceous, the last predominating; forehead and supraloral line grayish white, mixed with ochraceous and brownish; facial disk ochraceous, some- what mixed with blackish, and bounded behind by a black band; horns blackish, with considerable ochraceous on inner webs and basal por- tions; sides of neck mixed dark brown, whitish, and ochraceous; chin and throat white, divided by a collarette of dark brown, ochraceous- margined feathers; remainder of lower surface white and ochraceous, heavily, and in places confluently, barred with brownish black, the breast also blotched with the same; lining of wing white and ochra- ceous, barred and spotted with blackish; legs and feet ochraceous, barred and spotted with dark brown. This subspecies differs from pacéficus in its larger size; darker upper and lower parts, the latter more heavily barred; more strongly mot- tled legs and feet; darker and more rufescent facial disk. It is appar- ently most closely allied to saturatus and icelus, but is quite easily distinguishable from either. The specimen from Pengra, Oregon, here referred, is decidedly inter- mediate between /agophonus and occidentalis. Birds from Cook Inlet and the interior of Alaska are in color apparently identical with those from Idaho and Washington, though one from Fort Yukon is almost dark enough for saturatus. These birds from Alaska are, however, somewhat larger than typical dagophonus, and their ieee in the measurements above given to some extent accounts for the wide range of variation. Although there is much individual color difference among examples of this race, yet, in so far as is shown by our material, ee is little or no indication of a pale phase. Specimens from the following localities have been examined: Washington.—Walla Walla; Cascade Mountains; 25 miles southeast of Toledo. t NO, 1352. AMERICAN GREAT HORNED OWLS—OBERHOLSER. 187 Oregon. gaan County: Des Chutes River; Pengra. Idaho.—Sawtooth Lake. British Columbia.—Vernon. Alaska.—Nulato; Fort Yukon; Hope, Cook Inlet; Knik, Cook Inlet; Kowak River. ASIO MAGELLANICUS SATURATUS (Ridgway). Bubo virginianus saturatus Rip@way, Explor. and Sury. 40th Par., 1V, 1877, p. 572, footnote. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Asio magellanicus lagophonus, but darker, particularly above; face and rest of plumage with less ochraceous and rufous, producing on the upper surface a more uniform appearance; feet much darker and more heavily mottled. Type locality. —Simiahmoo, Washington. Geographical distribution. Pacific coast region, from Washington (and probably at least northern Oregon) north to southern Alaska. Measurements (4 mates).—W ing, 845-358 (average, 348.3) mm.; tail, 205-222 (average, 212.3) mm.; exposed culmen, 39-41 (average, 39.8) mm.; culmen without cere, 28.5—29 (average, 28.9) mm. (6 females).— Wing, 360-383 (average, 374.7) mm.; tail, 215-249 (average, 227.2) mim.; exposed culmen, 38-42 (average, 40) mm.; culmen without cere, 28-31 (average, 30) mm. With the possible exception of nigrescens, this race is more deeply colored than any of its American congeners, the legs and feet being particularly dark and heavily mottled. So far as we have been able to determine, there is no light phase. A single example from Ashcroft, British Columbia, is intermediate between saturatus and lagophonus; and another from Sitka, Alaska, verges also somewhat toward the latter form. Specimens examined come from the following localities: Washington.—Fort Steilacoom; Skagit County; Similkameen; Port Townsend; American Lake; Simiahmoo. British Columbia.—Kamloops; Lund; Ashcroft. Alaska.—Sitka. ASIO MAGELLANICUS HETEROCNEMIS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Like Asio magellanicus saturatus, but bill larger; posterior lower parts paler; feet lighter colored and less heavily spot- ted; upper parts with usually less ochraceous. Type locality.—Lance au Loup, Labrador. Geographical on oe including at least the north coast of the Territory of Ungay Measurements (2 males).—W ing, 350-365 (average, 357.5) min.; tail, 220-230 (average, 225) mm.; exposed culmen, 41 mm.; culmen without cere, 30mm. (7 oles) -Wing, 370-3890 (aver on 380) mm.; tail, 188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. 225-250 (average, 239) mm.; exposed culmen, 38-44 (average, 41.3) mm.; culmen without cere, 28-32 (average, 30.1) mm. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 4445, collection of EK. A. and O. Bangs; Lance au Loup, Labrador, April 9, 1899; Ernest Doane. Above brownish black, vermiculated and mottled with whitish, least so on the head; wing-coverts like the back, though with rather more white; wing-quills fuscous, the outer webs with broken bars of whitish or buffy, the inner with partial bars of ochraceous buff on the basal portion; tail sepia brown, the middle feathers with mottlings and broken bars of whitish and buffy, the rest with irregular bars of paler brown and ochraceous; forehead and supraloral streak white, much mixed with brown; facial disk dull gray, with mixture of blackish and some ochraceous, bordered behind by a black band which joins the black horns; sides of the neck mottled with dark brown, whitish, and ochraceous; chin and throat white, separated by a dark brown band whose feathers have grayish or ochraceous edgings; breast ochraceous, with blotches, bars, and mottlings of brown and white; remainder of lower surface barred with black and white, with laterally much ochraceous and buffy; lining of wing mottled with white, brown, and ochraceous; tarsi and tibis deep ochraceous, spotted and irregu- larly barred with dusky; feet dull buffy grayish, spotted and obsoletely barred with dark brown. Although by authors heretofore referred to saturatus, the Labrador bird differs from that form as detailed above, and its characters, though not as strongly marked as are those of some of the other races, are yet sufficient for recognition by name, particularly in view of a widely separated range. Although, of course, nearest sa¢wratus, the differences may be readily appreciated in a good series. For the privilege of describing this form the writer is indebted to the cour- tesy of Mr. Outram Bangs, who had already noted its distinctness. Specimens from the following localities have been seen: Labrador.—Okkak; Makkovik; Hopedale; Turnavik Island; Lance au Loup; Fort Nascopee. Ungava.—¥ort Chimo; Near Forks. ASIO MAGELLANICUS VIRGINIANUS (Gmelin). Strix virginiana GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 287. Strix bubo variété E. ludovicianus Daupin, Traité d’Orn., II, 1800, p. 210. Bubo pinicola Vire1ti01, Hist. Nat. Ois. Am. Sept., I, 1807, p. 51, pl. xrx. Strix crassirostris Vrertuot, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., VII, 1817, p. 44. Strix macrorhyncha TemMincK, Pl. Color., I, 1821, pl. 62. Bubo virginianus variety atlanticus Casstn, Ilustr. Birds California, Texas, etc., 1854, p. 178. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Asio magellanicus heterocnemis, but much smaller; very much more rufous throughout; legs and feet less con- spicuously mottled. Type locality.— Virginia. ‘ a 4 No, 1352. AMERICAN GREAT HORNED OWLS—OBERHOLSER. 189 Geographical distribution.—Southern Canada and eastern United States, west to Ontario, Wisconsin, Iowa, and eastern Texas; accidental in Ireland.“ Measurements (7 males).—W ing, 320-355 (average, 343.3) mm.; tail, 190-210 (average, 199.4) mm.; exposed culmen, 38-40 (average, 39.4) mm.; culmen without cere, 26-30 (average, 28.6) mm. (6 females).— Wing, 352-380 (average, 366.3) mm.; tail, 200-225 (average, 218) mm.; exposed culmen, 38-43 (average, 40.7) mm.; culmen without cere, 29-32.5 (average, 30.6) mm. In normal phase this race is characterized by a deep rufescence throughout, very different from the other subspecies living north of Mexico. There are, however, two other phases of w/rginianus—one in which the coloration is light, and the place of rufous tints is taken by ochraceous; the other in which grayish and blackish colors pre- dominate; all three phases being connected by intermediates. The last seems to be most prevalent in the New England States, and possi- bly indicates vergence toward heterocnemis. A careful comparison proves that birds from Florida do not differ at all, either in size or color, from those of the Middle Atlantic States. Some specimens from the region of the Lower Rio Grande are rather light-colored, but neither in this respect nor in any other can they be distinguished from examples of the light phase commonly occurring in the Eastern States; while a specimen taken at Rockport, Texas, is typical of wirgincanus in dark rufous plumage. The breeding bird of Iowa is undoubtedly wrginianus, though occidentalis oceurs in winter. We have seen no summer birds from Minnesota, but at least the southern part of this State is probably inhabited by the present race. Specimens from the subjoined localities have been examined: Arkansas.—F ayetteville. strict of Columbia.— Florida.—Sebastian; Fort Bassinger; Orange Hammock; Lake Kissimmee. Litinois.—Sugar Creek Prairie; Mount Carmel. Indiana.—Upperville; Toleston. Indian Territory.—|No further locality given. | Lowa.—Mitchell County. Maryland.—Rockville; Laurel; Sandy Spring; Cornfield Harbor. Michigan.—Saginaw County. Missour’.—Marble Cave. New Jersey.—[No further locality given. | Ohio.—Madisonville; Wooster. Pennsylvania.—Carlisle. Texas.—Rockport; Brownsville. Virginta.—Ammondale; Glymont; Amelia. “Belle Lake, county Waterford, January 27, 1851; see Zoologist, 1881, p. 308. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03 13 190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. ASIO MAGELLANICUS ALGISTUS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Similar to As/o magellanicus lagophonus, but much paler throughout; the lower parts less heavily barred; the legs and feet not so conspicuously mottled. Type locality.—Saint Michael, Alaska. Geographical distribution.—Northwest coast region of Alaska. Measurements (2 mates). —W ing, 355-360 (average, 357.5) mm.; tail, 225-245 (average, 235) mm.; exposed culmen, 41 mm.; culmen with- out cere, 29 mm. (4 females).—Wing, 355-390 (average, 371.5) mm:; tail, 225-240 (average, 232) mm.; exposed culmen, 39-43 (average, 41) mm.; culmen without cere, 28-31 (average, 29.3) mm. Description.—Type, [male]adult, No. 70276, U.S.N.M.; St. Michael, Alaska; L. M. Turner.—Upper parts brownish black, with numerous mottlings and irregular bars and spots of white, most of the feathers extensively ochraceous basally; tail dark brown, the middle feathers and outer webs of all but the outermost vermiculated, and irregularly and broadly barred with white or buffy white, this replaced by ochra- ceous on the rest of the tail; wing-coverts like the back; wing-quills dark brown, broadly barred irregularly with buff and ochraceous; horns brownish black, mottled with ochraceous and whitish; forehead and supraloral stripe white; facial disk grayish, mixed to some extent with ochraceous, and bordered behind by a black band; sides of neck mottled brown, white, and ochraceous; chin and throat white, separated by a band of blackish feathers with ochraceous and buffy edgings; breast white with some ochraceous buff, blotched, irregularly barred, and mottled with blackish brown; abdomen and crissum white, with more or less regular bars of dark brown; sides much mixed with ochraceous; lining of wing white, with markings of dark brown and ochraceous; tarsi and tibixe ochraceous buff, with broken bars of brownish; feet buffy white, obscurely spotted with dusky. This subspecies of Aso magellanicus really much more resembles oecidentalis or pacificus than it does its nearest geographic relative, lagophonus; but is not identical with either. From occezdentalis it may be separated by its darker upper surface, particularly the wings, and by its somewhat less heavily barred lower surface; while from paciyicus its larger size, less ochraceous face, and the paler ochraceous of the upper surface will serve for differentiation. It is possible that I err in referring to dagophonus the Alaskan specimens of As’o from the timbered region, for it may be that these large birds ure but the dark phase of a/g/stus, yet in so far as the material now available shows, save in one single instance, the differ- ence in plumage is correllated with change of area, the lighter birds being confined in a general way to the Barren Grounds. Examples from the following localities are referred to this form: Alaska.—St. Michael; Kowak River; Lower Yukon River; Port Huron; Aleknagik River. NO, 1352. AMERICAN GREAT HORNED OWLS—OBERHOLSER. 191 ASIO MAGELLANICUS OCCIDENTALIS (Stone). Bubo virginianus occidentalis Sronn, Auk, XIII, 1896, p. 155. Chars. subsp.—Like Asio magellanicus pallescens, but considerably larger; colors averaging: darker. Type locality.—Mitchell County, lowa (winter). Geographical distribution.—W estern United States, from Minnesota and Kansas to Nevada, southeastern Oregon, Utah, and Montana; south in winter to lowa. Measurements (10 matles).—Wing, 333-365 (average, 349.6) mm.; tail, 200-225 (average, 212.8) mm.; exposed culmen, 35-40 (average, 37.6) mm.; culmen without cere, 26-28 (average, 27.1) mm. (9 Jemales.)—W ing, 360-390 (average, 376.1) mm.; tail, 220-240 (aver- age, 230.5) mm.; exposed culmen, 37-43 (average, 40.7) mm.; culmen without cere, 28-33 (average, 30.2) mm. Although hitherto not recognized, this form is a fairly well-marked one, and covering, as it does, an extensive area, is well worthy a name. Colorado and Nevada specimens are somewhat darker than those from Montana and the Dakotas. In Colorado, and doubtless in other local- ities also, occidentalis has a dark phase, characterized by great increase of blackish both above and below. Specimens of this race examined come from the following places: Colorado.—El\k Mountains; Routt County; Pueblo County; Twin Lakes; Cache la Poudre River. Llowa.—Mitchell County; Grinnell. Kansas.—Pendennis. Montana.—St. Marys Lake; Fort Custer; Fort Shaw. Minnesota.—Aitkin; Elk River; Excelsior. Nevada.—Austin (35 miles southwest). North Dakota.—Missouri River, 87 miles below Fort Union; Devils Lake. Oregon.—Prineville. Wyoming.—Fort Bridger; Deer Creek; West Fork of Medicine Bow Creek. ASIO MAGELLANICUS WAPACUTHU (Gmelin). Strix wapacuthu GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 291. Bubo arcticus Swainson, Faun. Bor.-Amer., II, 18382, p. 86, pl. xxx. Bubo subarcticus Hoy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1852, p. 211. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Asio magellanicus occidentalis, but paler, the upper parts with lighter ochraceous, less black, and more white, the lower surface more whitish, less heavily barred, the feet with less mottling and less ochraceous—usually immaculate. Type locality. — Hudson Bay, Canada. Geographical distribution.—Northern Canada, from Hudson Bay to the Valley of the Mackenzie River; south in winter to the northern United States, from Idaho to Wisconsin, 192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Measurements (6 males).—Wing, 337-868 (average, 352) mm.; tail, 215-230 (average, 221.6) mm.; exposed culmen, 37-42 (average, 39.5) mm.; culmen without cere, 27-30 (average 28.5) mm. (2 females.)— Wing, 385-390 (average, 387.5) mm.; tail, 235-2387 (average, 236) mm.; exposed culmen, 43 mm.; culmen without cere, 31-31.5 (average, 31.3) mm. This is the palest of all the American members of the genus As/o, the general whiteness being usually very conspicuous. From Aszo m. algistus it differs as from occidentalis, though in greater measure. In dark phase it is most like the normal or light condition of oce- dentalis, but the dark markings are deeper and more contrasted, the feet usually white with little or no ochraceous or dark mottling. The southward limit of the breeding range it is impossible at present to delineate with even approximate exactness, as proper material from the interior of British America is not available. Specimens that have been examined, however, point to the probability that ewapacuthu summers at least as far south as Saskatchewan. Dr. Richmond has shown” that the name arcticus of Swainson, so long in use for this race, is preoccupied and consequently untenable. As a substitute he proposes to revive subarcticus of Hoy, which has been commonly applied to the pale forms of the western United States. There seems to be, however, a prior name in Strix wapacuthu Gmelin,? which by nearly all authors has been synonymized with arcticus. This name is based on the ** Wapacuthu Owl” of Pennant,’ and its accom- panying description is an excellent one of the arctic horned owl, with the exception of the statement that the bird is without ears, a mistake that might easily occur, particularly with an imperfect specimen. Furthermore, that it is not Vyctea nyctea, the only other owl to which the name could by any possibility apply, is clearly evidenced by the diagnosis, added to which is the statement that the young are white. Specimens of this form from the following localities have been examined, probable breeding records being: indicated by an asterisk: Fort Resolution*; Slave River, 75 miles below Fort Mackenzie. Smith. * Saskatchewan.—Moose Lake*; Pas*. Ontario.—Moose Factory; Michipicoten Island, Lake Superior. Minnesota.—Aitkin. North Dakota.—Devils Lake. Wisconsin.—Racine. «Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XV, 1902, p. 86. bSyst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 291. ¢ Arct. Zool., II, 1785, p. 231. A NEW BATRACHIAN AND A NEW REPTILE FROM THE TRIAS OF ARIZONA. By Freperic A. Lucas, Acting Curator, Section of Vertebrate Fossils. The two species of fossil vertebrates to be described add two genera to the Triassic fauna of North America, one representing the large labyrinthodonts hitherto known only from Europe, the other being a new and large Cotylosaurian. ‘The history of the discovery of these vertebrates is as follows: In November, 1899, while visiting the fossil forest of Arizona, Dr. Lester F. Ward obtained near Tanners Crossing of the Little Colorado River a few specimens of Triassic vertebrates. The majority of them proved to belong to the large belodont described as //etero- dontosuchus gane?," two scutes were from the belodont Lp/scoposaurus Cope, while a small portion of a cranial plate was identified by Dr. E. *Fraas as being from some large labyrinthodont. The subsequent year, 1900, Mr. Barnum Brown visited the locality to collect for the U. 5. National Museum, largely in the hope of obtaining some ancestral forms of Stegosaurus. While this hope was not realized Mr. Brown secured a valuable collection of Triassic fossils, mainly belonging to the two belodonts mentioned above, though comprising a few examples of other animals. This material was mostly in a very fragmentary condition, one of the few noteworthy exceptions to this rule being an episternum of a large labyrinthodont, which, though badly shattered, proved to be practically all present. This was pronounced by Dr. E. Fraas, to whom a photograph was submitted, to be unmistakably from some species of the genus Metoposaurus, and in consideration of this fact I have named the species in his honor. This seems particularly appro- priate in view of his various memoirs on the Triassic vertebrates of Europe. a@Am. Journ. Sci., 1898, VI, p. 399. PRocEEpDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXVII—No. 1353. 193 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. METOPOSAURUS FRAASI, new species. Type.—An episternum, No. 2152, catalogue of fossil vertebrates, U.S. National Museum, from 5 miles east of Tanners Crossing, Little Colorado River, Arizona. This locality is about 25 miles above the junction of the Little Colorado with the Colorado. The specimen is shown on Plate III. The species is characterized by the coarseness of the sculpturing of the episternum and the fact that the markings of the center of the plate consist of irregular pits which, toward the margin, are trans- formed into radiating grooves. These grooves are most marked on the anterior portion of the bone. The portions of clavicles present also have the ornamentation in the shape of pits rather than as grooves, and in this respect and in the greater coarseness of the sculpture the present species differs from the European JJetoposaurus diagnosticus of von Meyer. It is furthermore characterized by the extent of the articu- lation of the clavicle with the episternum, the posterior end of the clavicle being well behind a line drawn through the center of the plate. The postero-internal angle of the clavicle is very much rounded instead of being decidedly angular, as it is in M/etoposaurus diagnosticus. The episternum is 48 em. (16$ inches) long and 30 cm. (11 inches) wide. The only other specimen that can be referred to this species is the anterior portion of a left mandible, somewhat weathered, found at the same locality as the episternum. This mandible is coarsely sculptured on the external face, and bears indications of two large teeth at the very front of the ramus, and behind these 15 small teeth. These | seem to have been largely attached to the external wall of the alveolus in a manner somewhat suggestive of the pleurodont dentition of an iguana. From the same Triassic beds, though at some little distance from the locality where the episternal plate of Metoposaurus was obtained, Mr. Brown secured a number of fragments which, when put together, proved to be the humerus of a large Anomodont, or, more strictly speaking, Cotylosaurian. This represents a new species and new genus for which the name of Placerias hesternus is proposed, the generic name being given on account of the breadth of body indicated by the short, broad humerus. PLACERIAS, new genus. PLACERIAS HESTERNUS, new species. Type.—A right humerus, No. 2198 catalogue of fossil vertebrates, U.S.N.M., from 38 miles north of Tanners Crossing of the Little Colorado River, Arizona. The specimen is figured on Plate 1V. The characteristic features of the genus and species are the great and sudden expansion of the deltoid ridge, the contraction of the humerus at the NO, 1353. TWO NEW FOSSIL VERTEBRATES—LUCAS. 195 center of the shaft, and the sharp definition and differentiation of the radial and ulnar articulations. While the deltoid ridge is prominent in many Anomodonts, it is peculiar in the present species from the fact that it seems to have started practically from the proximal end and not from a little distance down the shaft, as it does in such a form as Gomphognathus. “ The humerus of Placerias otherwise bears a slight resemblance to that of Gomphognathus, but is vastly larger, and indicates an animal of much greater size and power. Among African Anomodonts the humerus suggests most that of Cynodrakon, but here again it is much more expanded proximally. A large, elongate entepicondylar for- amen was present, but the portion bounding the outer side of this is missing and its position is not clearly indicated on the accompanying plate. The articular face for the radius is large, round, and well defined, and the olecrenal fossa is of good size; the proximal end of the humerus was capped with cartilage, but the amount in the elbow joint must have been small. The indications are that Placervas was a creature largely, if not entirely, terrestrial in habit. The measurements of the humerus are as follows: Greatest length, 398 mm. (152 inches); estimated breadth across deltoid ridge, 200 mm. (7% inches); breadth of portion actually present, 170 mm. (6% inches); breadth at lower end of deltoid ridge, 144 mm. (5} inches); least diameter of shaft, 60 mm. (22 inches); greatest distal breadth, 155 mm. (62 inches). The large Cotylosaurians hitherto described from North America are from the Permian, while the present specimen is from the Trias. The animal represented is also larger than any of the Permian species, and, in this respect, is ona par with Pardasaurus. ‘The humerus, how- ever, is quite different from that ascribed to Pardasaurus, and while the discovery of animals of this genus in Russia indicates that the group to which it belongs was widely distributed, it is evident that the present specimen is not Par/asaurus. It is nevertheless quite probable that PJacerias belongs to some allied family, or possibly to the same family. The beds from which the two species just described were obtained also contained remains of the large Belodon, //eterodontosuchus ganet and of the dinosaur Paleoctonus. The same assemblage of species has recently been found by Mr. Newton H. Brown near Lander, Fre- mont County, Wyoming, which considerably extends the northerly limit of these Triasic beds. Aside from the interest attached to the finding of this new species is the more important fact, pointed out by Dr. Fraas, that the genus Metoposaurus is characteristic of the Keuper of Europe, and that we have in these Triassic beds of Arizona, Utah, and Wyoming the same combination of belodont and labyrinthodont as in the Keuper. aSeeley, Trans. Roy. Soc., 1895, B, p. 29. ‘ Wa ” aor U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVIII PL. III EPISTERNUM OF METOPOSAURUS FRAASI. Type. No. 2152, U.S.N.M.) sts "le Nat hada” ig ay, Verte ac Fe er re eee | mies oe PEE, Pei 5 Fem eee Ay SS til y etre he bory tea) =hs iN 94 Mars sndeat a So BEEN anise lestt Pony Turgdh ek here > OA) ice wate we ces U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVIII PL. !V EXTERNAL ASPECT OF RIGHT HUMERUS OF PLACERIAS HESTERNUE. (Type. No. 2198, U.S.N.M.) A REVIEW OF THE WRENS OF THE GENUS TROGLO- DYTES. By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, Assistant Ornithologist, Department of Agriculture. The genus 7Troglodytes, as here restricted, comprises a group of wrens that is wholly American. Notwithstanding very considerable interspecific differences, no thoroughly satisfactory generic division seems possible, further than the segregation of that peculiar form Troglodytes browni.© While it is true that solstitialis and ochraceus have short tails, large feet, rather slender bills, and somewhat peculiar coloration, and therefore seem quite different from typical 7roglodytes (aedon), yet this distinction loses any significance it appears to possess when other forms are compared with these, particularly Zroglodytes s. macrourus, which is an evident subspecies of solstitialis! These species—solstitialis and .its allies—have sometimes been referred to Hemiura (= Uropsila), but they certainly are out of place in such posi- tion, for the structure of the nostril is quite different in that group, being round and open instead of linear and strongly operculate. Furthermore, the West Indian forms commonly attributed to Zhryo- thorus should be included in 7roglodytes.. Thus, although it is a far cry from the slender bill and feet of aedon to the heavy beak and large feet of tanneri or musicus; from the long wings of mus¢cus-to the short ones of brunneicollis; from the long tail of beanz to the short one of grenadensis or solstitialis; and from the gray and white colora- tion of aztecus to the dark, almost uniform, reddish chestnut of rufescens, there is no place where the trenchant line of generic divi- sion can be drawn. By far the most difficult part of the genus is the so-called musculus group, which, from lack of adequate material, has always been a source of considerable annoyance to ornithologists. While our means have not been all that could be desired, yet the interrelations of the various forms have been worked out with the considerable care that «Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, ITI, 1902, p. 53. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXVII—No. 1354. 197 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. the question warrants, and it is to be hoped that some little additional light has thus been thrown upon a dark subject, although it may be premised that the lines of distribution on the accompanying map are in great measure tentative, while detineating at least in part what may reasonably be supposed to be the geographical homes of the various forms. At least one conclusion of importance has been rendered obvious by the present investigation, and this is the conspecific rela- tionship of this group, throughout both South and Central America, with the single exception of Zroglodytes peninsularis, which seems to be a distinct species. The collection of the U. S. National Museum, including that of the Biological Survey, has of course furnished the major part of the mate- rial for this review, but for very substantial reenforcements the writer is indebted to the authorities of the American Museum of Natural His- tory, through Dr. J. A. Allen; to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, through Mr. Witmer Stone; and to Mr. Outram Bangs, of Boston, to whom further is due my privilege of describing the following new genus: THRYORGHILUS,¢ new genus: Chars. gen.—Similar to Troglodytes, but tail of ten feathers, and much abbreviated; feet proportionately much larger, reaching far beyond the end of tail; coloration suggesting that of //enécorhina. Type.— Troglodytes brownt Bangs. Range.—Same as that of the type species. THRYORCHILUS BROWNI (Bangs). Troglodytes browni Banas, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, III, 1902, p. 53. Type locality.—V olean de Chiriqui, Panama, Colombia. Geographical distribution.—V olean de Chiriqui, Panama, Colombia. This remarkable wren, which Mr. Bangs has so recently made known to science, is, by its combination of characters, apparently well worthy of generic separation from Zroglodytes. In superficial appearance it resembles rather the species of //enicorhina, though in reality not very closely allied. Its habits, according to Mr. Brown, are those of a marsh wren.? TROGLODYTES Viecillos. Troglodytes Vieruuot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Am. Sept., II, 1807, p. 52. Type.— Troglodytes aedon V ieillot. Range.—South and Central America, the West Indies, and North America north to southern Canada. @ Gpvor, juncus; dpxidos, regulus. > Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, ITI, 1902, p. 54. NO. 1354. A REVIEW OF THE TROGLODYTES—OBERHOLSER. 199 TROGLODYTES SOLSTITIALIS SOLSTITIALIS Sclater. Troglodytes solstitialis ScLAvTER, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1858, p- 550. Type locality.—V icinity of Riobamba, Ecuador. Geographical distribution.— Ecuador and Colombia. Decidedly paler throughout and with a somewhat longer bill than Troglodytes rufociliatus. Although reported from Peru, its place is probably taken there by the next form, though the distribution of the two has not yet been fully determined. Costa Rican records of solst¢/- tialis belong to 7. ochraceus. TROGLODYTES SOLSTITIALIS MACROURUS Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Troglodytes solstitialis macrourus BErRLEPscH and SroutzMANNn, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, Pt. 2, p. 55. Type locality.—Maraynioc, central Peru. Geographical distribution.—Peru. This recently described form appears to be rather close to Zrog/o- dytes s. frater, being in fact intermediate between the latter and true solstitialis. From solstitialis it differs by reason of a longer tail; lighter, less rufescent coloration on the upper surface; distinctly whitish superciliary stripe; paler cheeks, throat, breast, lining of wing, and sides of neck; together with more grayish flanks. In length of tail, as well as other measurements, it agrees with frater. TROGLODYTES SOLSTITIALIS FRATER Sharpe. Troglodytes solstitialis, subsp. a. frater SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, p. 261. Type locality.—Bolivia. Geographical distribution.— Bolivia. This readily recognizable race differs from so/st¢tialzs in color much as does 7. s. macrourus, but even more decidedly. The ochraceous of throat, breast, and sides of the neck is paler than in macrourus, the supercilium is pure white instead of being tinged with ochraceous; the abdomen is less purely white; and the upper parts less rufescent. TROGLODYTES AURICULARIS Cabanis. Troglodytes ( Uropsila) auricularis CABANIs, Journ. f. Orn., 1883, p. 105. Type locality.—Mountains of Tucuman, Argentina. Geographical distribution.—Province of Tucuman, Argentina. We have not seen this species, but it is apparently closely allied to Troglodytes solstitialis frater, perhaps only subspecitically separable. 200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. TROGLODYTES OCHRACEUS Ridgway. Troglodytes (?) ochraceus Rripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., IV, 1882, p. 334. Type locality.—V olcan de Irazi, Costa Rica. Geographical distribution.—Costa Rica and Panama. Although by some writers this bird has been considered indistin- guishable from Zroglodytes solstitialis, it is nevertheless very different. The upper parts are much paler; the entire lower surface more deeply and more continuously fulvescent; the flanks without any indication of bars; and the lower tail-coverts ochraceous, slightly barred with darker, instead of white with conspicuous blackish cross markings. Mr. Goodfellow records” Troglodytes ochraceus from western Ecua- dor, but we have been unable to verify the identification. TROGLODYTES RUFOCILIATUS Sharpe. Troglodytes brunneicollis, subsp. @&. rufociliatus SHarpE, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, p. 262. Type locality.—V olcan de Fuego, Guatemala. Geographical distribution.—Guatemala; and eastern Chiapas, Mexico. Although originally considered but a subspecies of Zroglodytes brun- neicollis, this is apparently quite a distinct species, more nearly related, indeed, to Troglodytes ochraceus and T. solstitialis. TROGLODYTES BRUNNEICOLLIS BRUNNEICOLLIS Sclater. Troglodytes brunneicollis Scuater, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, p. 297. Type locality.—La Parada, Oaxaca, Mexico. Geographical distribution.—Southern Mexico. Much larger than 7roglodytes rufociliatus; paler and conspicuously less rufescent throughout. TROGLODYTES BRUNNEICOLLIS CAHOONI (Brewster). Troglodytes cahooni BrewstEr, Auk, V, 1888, p. 94. Type locality. —Near Oposura, Sonora, Mexico. Geographical distribution.—Northwestern Mexico. Similar to Zroglodytes b. brunneicollis, but decidedly paler, particu- larly below, with the bars on flanks and abdomen less conspicuous. TROGLODYTES MONTICOLA Bangs. Troglodytes monticola BANGs, Proe. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIII, 1899, p. 106. Type locality.—Paramo de Chiruqua, Sierra de Santa Marta, Colombia. Geographical distribution.—Santa Marta region, Colombia. This recent discovery is quite similar to 7roglodytes brunneicollis aTbis, 1901, p. 313. . No. 1354. A REVIEW OF THE TROGLODYTES—OBERHOLSER. 201 brunneicollis, but differs in being larger, in having the anterior upper surface, sides of neck and head darker, more rufescent; furthermore, the flanks and sides are more heavily barred, and, together with the tail, rump, upper tail-coverts, and greater portion of the wings, are much more grayish or blackish. TROGLODYTES AEDON AEDON Vieillot. Troglodytes aedon Virttiot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amér. Sept., I, 1807, p. 52, pl. evn. Motacilla domestica W1tson, Amer. Orn., I, 1808, p. 129, pl. vin, fig. 3. Troglodytes fuluus Nurrauu, Man. Orn., I, 1852, p. 422. Troglodytes americana AUDUBON, Ornith. Biog., II, 1834, p. 452, pl. cLxxrx. Troglodytes sylvestris GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1846, p. 113 (new name for Troglodytes americana Audubon). Type locality.—Northeastern North America. Geographical distribution.—Eastern United States west to Indiana; southern part of eastern Canada; in winter also to Texas. This species is apparently distinct from éntermedius of Central America, though in most respects quite similar. TROGLODYTES AEDON PARKMANII (Audubon). Troglodytes parkmanii AupuBoN, Ornith. Biog., V, 1839, p. 310. Troglodytes «don var. parkmanni Cours, Key to N. Am. Birds, 1872, p. 87. Type locality.—Columbia River. Geographical distribution.—Pacitic Coast region of North America, from southern British Columbia to Southern California; south in winter to southwestern Mexico. This subspecies is very close to typical aedon, but is less reddish above, and usually somewhat paler. TROGLODYTES AEDON AZTECUS Baird. Troglodytes «don var. aztecus Bairp, Rey. Amer. Birds, I, 1864, p. 139. Troglodytes aédon marianae Scortr, Auk, II, 1885, p. 351. Type locality.—Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geographical distribution.—Western United States, except the Pacific Coast, east to Illinois; north to Manitoba, south in winter to southern Mexico. This form resembles Zroglodytes aedon parkmanii, but is decidedly paler and more grayish, both above and below. TROGLODYTES PENINSULARIS Nelson. Tréglodytes peninsularis, Nevson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIV, 1901, p. 174. Type locality. —Progreso, Yucatan, Mexico. Geographical distribution.—Northwestern Yucatan, Mexico. This recent discovery of Mr. Nelson’s is remarkably different from its nearest geographical relatives, being, in fact, intermediate between T. aedon aztecus and Troglodytes musculus striatulus. From the 202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. former, which, by the way, it closely resembles, it differs in the pro- nounced isabelline suffusion of breast, sides, flanks, crissum, and sides of head and neck. It is rather lighter above than strzatul/us, and usually also below, but the chief and constant difference lies in the shade of the breast, sides, flanks, and crissum, which in stréatulus is ochraceous. TROGLODYTES MUSCULUS MUSCULUS Naumann. Troglodytes musculus NAuMANN, Vogel Deutschl., III, 1823, p. 724 (table) (Lich- tenstein manuscript. ) Thryothorus xquinoctialis Swarnson, Birds Brazil and Mexico, 1834-1841, pl. xin. Type locality.—Bahia, Brazil. Geographical distribution.—Kastern Brazil, southwest to Paraguay. This is a very dark form, the lower parts being deeply, sometimes almost uniformly suffused with rufous; the back is crossbarred with blackish, and the lower tail-coverts are spotted or irregularly barred with the same. The bird described as Thryothorus xquinoctialis by Swainson“ seems undoubtedly to be the same as that previously called musculus by Naumann.? TROGLODYTES MUSCULUS WIEDI (Berlepsch). Thryothorus platensis Wrap, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., III, 1830, p. 742 (not Sylvia pla- tensis LATHAM, que Cistothorus platensis ). Thryothorus wiedi BeruEpscu, Journ. f. Orn., 1873, p. 231. Type locality.—Blumenau, Santa Catharina, Brazil. Geographical distribution.—Province of Santa Catharina, southeast- ern Brazil. Although heretofore, by almost all writers, synonymized with mus- culus, this form is well worthy of recognition, since it is readily dis- tinguishable by its rather lighter under surface and its decidedly paler, more grayish coloration above. The name platens’s, under which Wied described this wren, can not be used for it, as he simply identified his bird with the Sylvia platensis of Latham, which is a C?stothorus. TROGLODYTES MUSCULUS REX (Berlepsch and Leverkihn). Troglodytes furvus rec BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis., 1890, p. 6. Type locality.—Samaipata, Bolivia. Geographical distribution.—Southwestern Brazil (Matto Grosso) to central Bolivia. This easily recognizable race is separable from musculus by its rather larger size; much paler coloration, particularly below; more buffy « Birds Brazil and Mexico, 1834-1841, pl. xm. bV6g. Deutschl., III, 1823, p. 724 (table). NO. 1354. A REVIEW OF THE TROGLODYTES—OBERHOLSER. 203 under surface; and sparsely spotted lower tail-coverts. There is also more contrast between the rump and the back. (0, 1355. FRESH-WATER BRYOZOA—DAVENPORT. 213 eee ponds. The fresh-water Bryozoa feed on microscopic organisms which are caught in the vortex created by their ciliated tentacles. Diatoms are especially conspicuous objects in their alimentary tracts. Since diatoms require light for their constructive metabolism, they are found chiefly in the upper strata of the water, and consequently Bryozoa are usually not found at great depths. However, in a mass of material dredged by Prof. H. B. Ward“ from the Middle Ground Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan, at a depth of 23 to 36 meters, | found Paludicella ehrenberg?i and Fredericela sultana abundant. Although Cristatella is usually found on the under side of floating lily pads or in other situations near the surface, I have obtained it from the still waters of Trinity Lake, Westchester County, New York, at a depth of 2 to 3 meters. Asper’ records dredging /7edericella sul- tana in certain Swiss lakes at a depth of 50 to 80 meters. Little light penetrates to such a depth, and we may conclude that light is not at all directly necessary for the development of fresh-water Bryozoa. Indeed, I have received from Prof. D. 5. Hartline, of Blooms- burg, Pennsylvania, masses of Paludicella that were obtained from water pipes where they flourished to an alarming extent. The Bry- ozoa have become adapted to life in ponds by forming statoblasts at certain seasons of the year. The entire significance of the statoblast 1s not sufficiently known. Typically, they winter over and one may find the shores strewn with them in the early spring. They hatch out in New England late in May or carly in June. So the statoblasts have come to be regarded as winter buds, or adaptations to preserve the race from being killed off by freezing of the water. They often begin to develop early in the summer and I have observed what has been seen by European observers, that some statoblasts hatch in nature even in September.“ Also Fr., Miiller has informed Kraepelin” that the fresh-water Bryozoa of Blumenbau, Brazil, which experience no winters, nevertheless form statoblasts. It seems fair to conclude that there are other functions performed by the statoblasts than resistance to winter. For instance, they serve to maintain the species during drought, or they aid in distribution by clinging to the waterfowl or resisting the action of digestive fluids. The wide distribution of the the species of fresh-water Bryozoa indicates the value of the statoblast in the act of dispersion. METHODS OF PRESERVING. The chief difficulties in the way of preserving fresh-water Bryozoa arise, first, from the rapid contraction of the polypides into the corm and, secondly, in the case of the gelatinous forms, from the large «Bulletin Michigan Fish Commission, No. 6, 1896, p. 15. » Zoologischer Anzeiger, III, 1880, p. 200. ¢Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XX, 1890, p. 102. @ Kraepelin, Die Deutschen Siisswasser Bryozoen, 1887, p. 86. a! 214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIII. amount of water in the body; for, if the specific gravity of the killing or preserving medium is very different from that of water, distortion will oceur. To kill expanded it is necessary first to narcotize. Chloral hydrate is used, added slowly in crystals until the polypides do not react to- touch. To preserve in the natural form, the animals may be plunged directly into 4 per cent formaldehyde (formalin, 10 per cent). The classification of fresh-water Bryozoa has been ina state of great confusion owing to the great variability in the form of the colony. The form of the colony depends very largely upon external factors, such as food supply, form of substratum, and crowding. ‘The stato- blast has a form that is quite independent of external factors, and upon it, consequently, great stress is laid in systematic work. The form of the statoblast is, however, not wholly uncorrelated with that of the stock, so the form of the stock is to be considered. In the following classification that proposed by Kraepelin® has been adopted entire, although it does not conform to the writer’s judgment in all particulars. A LIST OF ALL FRESH-WATER BRYOZOA HITHERTO FOUND IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE LOCALITIES WHERE THEY HAVE BEEN OBSERVED. Subclass 1.—KNDOPROCTA. This subclass comprises chiefly marine species, the only exception being Urnatelia gracilis, which was first described from the neighbor- hood of Phiiadelphia, but which also inhabits the Mississippi Valley. Family PEDICELLINIDZ. URNATELLA Leidy. URNATELLA GRACILIS Leidy (185r). Stock consisting of a basal plate, from which there usually arise two segmented stems terminating in the polypide. More rarely one or more than two stems arise from the disc. Habitat.—Running water. Distribution.°—Schuylkill River under low-tide mark below Fair- mount dam, Philadelphia, 1851-1870, Leidy; *canal at Fairmount, near Philadelphia, 1884, Potts (Leidy, 1884), 1890, Potts and C. B. D.; Scioto River, Ohio, Lea (Leidy, 1883, p. 6); * Illinois River at Havana, Illinois, Station E (middle of river), August, 1895 (Kofoid, 1898). The specimens from the Illinois River contrast with those from Fairmount in the profuseness with which they form lateral buds. (Plate V, fig. 1.) > «Die Deutschen Stsswasser Bryozoen, 1887. bAn asterisk before a locality name indicates that specimens from the locality have been examined by the author. No, 1555. FRESH-WATER BRYOZOA—DAVENPORT. 915 Subclass 2.—ECTOPROCTA. Order GYMNOLAMATA. Suborder CTENOSTOMATA. Includes chiefly marine species, but also a number of fresh-water genera. ; Family PALUDICELLID2. POTTSIELLA Kraepelin (1887). Colony consists of stolons, from which at intervals an erect, cylin- drical, hyaline single individual arises, haying «a terminal aperture. Lophophore circular, 20 (19 to 21) tentacles. POTTSIELLA ERECTA Potts (1884). Paludicella erecta Ports. Pottsiella erecta KRAEPELIN, 1887. This species possesses the characters of the genus. (Plate V, fig. 2.) Habitat.—Photophil; on upper surface of stones in rapids; some- times penetrating incrusting sponges, particularly J/eyenia leidy/, Distribution.— Tacony Creek, near Chiltenham, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 50 feet above tide water. (Potts and C. B. D., 1892.) Siti Dl CREA Gervais. Stock composed of individuals that are sharply separated from one another by partitions; sparsely, usually oppositely, branched; with a chitinous cuticula. The individuals are club-shaped, with a lateral, quadrangular aperture near the larger, distal end. Tentacles arranged in a circle, few in number. No statoblasts, but winter buds instead. PALUDICELLA EHRENBERGHII van Beneden (1848). Aperture-cone short; individuals about 2 mm. long; lateral buds partly repent, partly erect; about 16 tentacles. (Plate V, fig. 3.) Habitat.—Especially flowing streams; occasionally in water pipes. Geographical distribution.—Europe: India; *Arlington Creek, Arlington, Massachusetts, under railway bridge near Massachusetts avenue (C. B. D., 1890); * Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, 1900 (Hartline); * Illinois River at Havana, Station G (Thompsons Lake), May 9, 1894; *Middle Ground, Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan (Ward, 1896). The specimen figured differs from a German specimen figured by Kraepelin by the individuals being relatively smaller at the distal end. 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL. Order PHY LACTOLAIMATA. Family FREDERICELLID. Lophophore nearly circular; statoblasts without peripheral float. FREDERICELLA Gervais. Stock branched in form of antlers; more rarely massed with recum- bent and elevated tubes; mostly brown or incrusted with alge and grains of sand; rarely hyaline. Tubes cylindrical, the older ones mostly keeled. Without complete dissepiments. Apertures terminal at the broadened or bifid ends of tubes. Polypide very jong and slender; tentacles arranged ina nearly circular corona. Few tentacles, not exceeding 24. Statoblasts dark brown, bean-shaped or elliptical, without float, and with smooth upper surface. FREDERICELLA SULTANA Blumenbach (1777). Fredericella walcottii Hy arr (1868). Fredericella pulcherrima Uyarr (1868). Fredericella regina Livy. - This species has the characters of the genus. (Plate V, fig. 4). Habitat.—On wood, stones, and water plants in standing and slowly flowing waters. ay 7 Distribution.—Kurope; Australia; Pennisewassee Pond, Norway, Maine; Youngs Brook, Gorham, Maine (Hyatt, 1868); Lake Sebago, Maine (Hyatt); Fresh Pond, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Hyatt); Georgetown, Massachusetts (Hyatt);* Lily Pond, Newport (Leidy);_ Schuylkill River and Delaware River near Philadelphia (Leidy); Gwinns Falls, Baltimore, Maryland (Hyatt); *Middle Ground, Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan, 28 to 36 meters (Ward, 1896); * Hatch- ery Harbor, Put-in Bay, 1899; * East Harbor, Sandusky, Ohio, 1899; “ 3 J 9 3 Vis 3 ’ * Hrie, Pennsylvania, Boat Landing; * Illinois River at Havana, Ili-. nois, Station G (Thompsons Lake) 1894; *Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, off Long Point, July, 1891 (Forbes); *Lake Geneva, dredging from — Forest Glen to Belvidere, May, 1892 (Forbes); *Flathead Lake, Yellowstone National Park, August, 1891 (Forbes). PLUMATELLA Lamarck (Kraepelin). Colonies consist of cylindrical tubes, which are either branched or — form massive clumps or run over the substratum as hyaline, lobed — tubes. Partitions rudimentary or absent, cuticula brown to hyaline, often incrusted. Tentacular corona markedly horseshoe shaped, with 40 to 60 tentacles. Intertentacular membrane present. Statoblasts 8 ee it FRESH-WATER BRYOZOA—DAVENPORT. 217 without hooks; either free, elliptical, with broad float, or (in the hori- zontal tubes) without float, of large size and irregular shape. The commonest genus of our fresh-water Bryozoa. Has been reported from all continents except Africa. Lives in the most diverse habitats, in ponds or streams, usually not in the light. PLUMATELLA PRINCEPS Kraepelin. Plumatella emarginata ALLMAN, 1844. Plumatella repens VAN BENEDEN, 1848. Plumatella diffusa Lewy, 1851. Branches both vertical and horizontal. Cuticula thick and brown with a keel that broadens at the aperture. Var. a, emarginata.—Tubes openly branched, repent, with short lateral branches, antler-like. (Plate V, fig. 5.) *Squaw Bay, Put-in Bay, July 17 and 18, 1899, on lily stems and leaves; *Rondeau Harbor, Ontario, August 30, 1899; * Flathead River, Montana Bayou, on bark and rotten logs, August 19, 1891 (Forbes); *Big Creek, Hamilton County, Illinois, October 8, 1900. Var. 8, fruticosa.—Colony robust, branched, often rising from sub- stratum. Keel little developed. Statoblasts elongated. *Krie, Pennsylvania, Boat Landing, August 16, 1899. Var. v, mucosa.—V ertical branches predominate, forming an inter- twined mass. Var. 0, spongiosa (= Alcyonella Benedeni Al\lman).—Vertical tubes fused into a mass from which only the apertures rise free. Havana, Illinois, Station G (Thompson’s Lake), April 10, 1895; Matanzas Lake, Illinois River, July 9, 1896. PLUMATELLA POLYMORPHA Kraepelin. ‘With vertical as well as horizontal tips of branches. Cuticula rare/y browned or keeled. Includes numerous synonyms, especially /7uma- tella corallioides Allman; P. elegans Allman; 2. dumortiert Allman; P. nitida Leidy (1851); P. arethusa Hyatt (1868). Found on all con- tinents except Africa. Var, a, repens (=P. arethusa Hyatt).—Tubes creeping with short vertical side branches. Cuticula mostly semitransparent; keel not evident. (Plate V, fig. 6.) *Squaw Bay, Put-in Bay, July 12, 1899; *Long Point, Canada, August 23,24, 1899; * Rondeau Harbor, Ontario, ‘* East Swamp” and Business Creek, August 28, 29, 1899; *Swan Lake, Montana, under stones, August 24, 1891; * Havana, Illinois, Station L (Dogfish Lake), August 7 and 23, 1895. This form varies greatly in the thickness and transparency of the cuticula. The specimens from Long Point have an unusually thick and clear cuticula. st 218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXVII, Var. 6, oppressa.—Tubes repent, branching or thickly intertwined, covering the substratum. Few or no vertical branches. Cuticula lightly colored to transparent. Var. y, cespitosa.—Tubes repent, with many elongated and branched vertical rami. Cuticula semiopaque, no evident keel. * Station E (main river) Illinois River, Havana, Illinois, September 10, 1894; * Calumet River, South Chicago, August 10, 1881 (Forbes). Var. 0, fungosa.—Tubes repent. Vertical branches close together, even fused, forming great solid masses. Cuticula brown; aperture hyaline, slightly elongated. Pennisewassee Pond in Norway, Gorham, Great Falls, outlet of Great Pond on Cape Elizabeth, Presumpscot River, all in Maine; Fresh Pond, Cambridge, Mystic Pond, Arlington, Green River, all in Massachusetts (Hyatt); * Payson Park, Belmont, Massachusetts, June, 1890 (C. B. D.), growing profusely on north side of stone wall; Lily Lake, Mississippi River bottoms near Quincy, Illinois (Garman, 1888). PLUMATELLA PUNCTATA Hancock. Plumatella vesicularis Lerpy, 1854. Plumatella vitrea Hyatr (1868). Horizontal branches only. Cuticula delicate, colorless, hyaline. Elevated mouth cone, wrinkled and bespeckled with white. Found in Europe and North America. Var. a, prostrata.—Stock repent and open, forming long hyaline tubes that give rise to only a few, likewise repent lateral tubes. (Plate V, fig. 7.) Sebago Lake, Maine (Hyatt); Mystic and Fresh ponds near Cam- bridge (Hyatt, 1868); Schuylkill River, underside of flat stones (Leidy, 1854); Libby Lake, Mississippi River bottoms near Quincy, Illinois (H. Garman, 1888); * East end Gibraltar, Put-in Bay, August 15, 1898; * Long Point, Canada, August 21, 24, 1898. Var. 2, densa.—Stock repent, very thickly branched, completely covering the substratum, which seems enveloped in a thick layer of gelatinous vesicles. LOPHOPRUS DPumortier: Colony shaped like a sack; erect, sometimes more or less lobed by indentations of margin, looking then something like a glove. Outer cuticula layer delicate and hyaline, more incrusted at base. Polypides scattered, a group of them rising from each lobe. Lophophors with — about 60 tentacles. Statoblasts large, elliptical, but at each end drawn out into a sharp apex; float broad, hooks absent. The colony may divide along the constrictions between the lobes. NO. 1355. _ FRESH-WATER BRYOZOA—DAVENPORT. 219 LOPHOPUS CRISTALLINUS Pallas (1766). This species possesses the characters of the genus. Habitat.—Chiefly standing water such as pools or, rarely, slow- flowing streams. Chiefly attached to plant stems. Distribution.—Kurope; Schuylkill River near Philadelphia (Leidy, 1858); Llinois River at Havana (Kofoid, 1898). PECTINATELLA Leidy. Colonies are hyaline and have the form of a rosette, lobed, with horizontal tubes only. They secrete a great gelatinous base which is common to many colonies. Aperture slightly elevated above common cenecium. Statoblasts large and circular to subrectangular, with broad bent float and one marginal row of anchor-shaped hooks. PECTINATELLA MAGNIFICA Leidy (185r). Polypides scattered or in double row along each lobe, the gelatinous base often 10 to 20 centimeters thick. Tentacles 60 to 84 in number. Statoblasts about 1 mm. in diameter, provided with 11 to 22 hooks from 0.15 to 0.25 mm. long. (Plate V, fig. 8.) Habitat.—Submerged branches or twigs of trees, wooden stakes, _ gates of dams, walls of reservoirs, stones in brooks. Shady situations, such as south walls of reservoirs or wood-covered streams. Distribution.—Contined to North America, except as introduced at Hamburg, Germany. *Jones’s Pond, near West Gouldsboro, Maine (‘P. astreoidea, Hyatt,” collected by Una A. Clark, 1897, in National Museum, Acc. No. 32589; also in Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.); Pennisse- wassee Pond, Maine (20-22 hooks on statoblast); Fresh Pond, Cam- bridge, Massachusetts (12-17), both by Hyatt; * walls of College Hill reservoir, Somerville, Massachusetts; *Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, gates of dam between middle and lowest lake; Philadelphia (Leidy, 1851); Black Channel, Sandusky (Landacre, 1901); Jackson Park Lagoon, Lake Michigan, at Chicago (C. B. D., 1900); “back water” of Mississippi bottoms near Quincy, Illinois (H. Gar- man, 1888); Columbus, Mississippi (Leidy, 1858); *Squaw Bay, Put in Bay, Lake Erie (August 16, 1898, Reighard); * Illinois River, near Havana, from rocks and shells, ‘‘island” near old bridge, October 14, 1894 (Forbes); * Roadside Pond, in Hamilton County, Illinois (October 8, 1900, Forbes); * Little Muddy River, Franklin County, Illinois, October 18, 1900 (Forbes). CRISTATELLA Cuvier. Colony unbranched, gelatinous, with a flat ‘‘sole.” External cuti- cula lacking, or developed merely as a thin gelatinous layer under the 03 15 Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii 220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. sole. All polypides contract into a common cavity. Statoblast large, circular, with float and a circlet of hooks on both sides. Habitat.—In standing or slow-flowing water, on submerged branches of dead trees, underside of lily pads, and on other aquatic plants. CRISTATELLA MUCEDO. Young corm of circular form, later elongated, worm-like, attaining a length of 2 to 5 cm. in summer, to 28 cm. in autumn. Colonies often gregarious in a common gelatinous substance. Eighty to 90 tentacles. Statoblasts with 10 to 34 dorsal hooks, 20 to 50 ventral hooks. (Plate V, fig. 9.) Var. a, genuina (= C. ophidea Hyatt, 1868).—Statoblasts less than 1 mm. in diameter; hooks on dorsal side 10 to 22; on ventral side 20 to 37. Distribution.—Europe; Pennissewassee Pond, Maine (Hyatt, 1868); *Fresh Pond, Falmouth, Massachusetts (C. B. D., 1889); * Trinity Lake, Pound Ridge, New York (C. B. D., August, 1889); * Union Lake, Illinois River, Havana, Illinois, May 12, 1894; * Long Point, Canada (Reighard, August 21 and 24, 1899); Station KE, Illinois River, Havana, Illinois, September 2, 1890. Var. 6, ide (= C. idw Leidy, 1858; C. lacustris Potts, 1884).—Stato- blasts over | mm.; hooks on dorsal side 20-84; on ventral side 38-50. Distribution.—Lily Pond, Newport, Rhode Island (Leidy, 1858; _ C. B. D., 1890); Harvey’s Lake, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania (Potts, 1884). AUTHORITIES CITED. 1843. Atutman, J. Synopsis of the Genera and Species of Zoophytes Inhabiting the Fresh Waters of Ireland. Report British Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1843. 1856. A Monograph of the Fresh-water Polyzoa. London. 1880. AsprER, G. Beitrige' zur Kenntnis der Tiefseefauna der Schweizer Seen. Zool. Anzeiger, II1, pp. 200-207. 1878. Cruacer, K. The Largest of All Fresh-water Polyzoa. American Naturalist, XII, p. 252. 1890. Davenport, C. B. Cristatella: The Origin and Development of the Individ- ual in the Colony. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard College, XX, pp. 101-152. 1891. Budding in Paludicella and other Bryozoa. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard College, X XII, pp. 1-114. 1888. Garman H. A Preliminary Report on the Animals of the Mississippi Bot- toms near Quincy, Illinois, in August, 1888. Part I, Bulletin Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., III, 123-184. 1839. Gervais, N. P. Observations pour servir 4 l’histoire naturelle des Polypes d’eau douce. Ann. francaise et étrangére d’anatomie et de physiologie, III, pp. 129-176. 1848. Brnepen, J. B. van. Recherches sur les Bryozoaires fluviatiles de Belgique. Nouv. Mem. de )’ Acad. de Belg., X XI. 1777. Buumensacnu, J. F. Gottinger Magazine, I, p. 117. 1866-68. Hyarr, A. Observations on Polyzoa, Suborder Phylactolemata. Com- munications Essex Institute, IV, pp. 167-228; V, pp. 97-112, 145-160, 193-282. 1898. Kororp, C. A. The Fresh-water Biological Stations of America. Amer. Naturalist, XX XII, pp. 391-406. NO. 1355. FRESH-WATER BRYOZOA—DAVENPORT. 221 1887. KrarpeELIn, K. Die Deutschen Siisswasser Bryozoen. Eine Monographie. I, Anatomisch-Systematischer Teil. Abhandl. aus dem Gebiete der Naturwis- sensch. Naturw. Verein, Hamburg, X, 168 pp. 1901. Lanpacre, F. A. Sponges and Bryozoans of Sandusky Bay. The Ohio Naturalist, I, pp. 96, 97, April. 1851. Lerpy, J. On Some American Fresh-water Polyzoa. Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, V, 1851, p. 261. 1851 a. Cristatella magnifica, new species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, p. 265. 1851 b. Plumatella diffusa. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1851, p. 261. 1854. On Urnatella gracilis and A New Species of Plumatella. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, pp. 191-192. 1858 On Cristatella Ide. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 189. 1879. On Cristatella Idx. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1879, pp. 203-204. 1883. Urnatella gracilis. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IX, pp. 5-16. 1884. Porrs, E. Ona Supposed New Species of Cristatella. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884, pp. 193-199. ~ 1884. On Paludicella erecta. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884, pp. 437-439. 1896. Warp, H. B. A Biological examination of Lake Michigan in the Traverse Bay Region. Bull. Michigan Fish Commission, No. 6, 100 pp. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. . Urnatella gracilis from Illinois River at Urbana. x 20. . Pottsiella erecta from Kraepelin’s figure of a Pennsylvania specimen. x 35. . Paludicella ehrenbergii from Illinois River. x 8. . Fredericella regina from East Harbor, Sandusky. x 10. . Plumatella princeps, var. emarginata, Squaw Bay, Put in Bay, Ohio; lily pads. xeQe . Plumatella polymorpha, var. repens, Lake Erie. x 8. . Plumatella punctata, var. prostrata, Lake Erie. x 8. . Pectinatella magnifica, on plant stem. Squaw Bay, Put in Bay, Ohio. x 4. . Cristatella mucedo. Illinois River. x 10, Oo Fm whe c CO NI co U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVIII PL. VI FRESH-WATER BRYOZOA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 221, ON THE SPECIES OF WHITE CHIMARA FROM JAPAN. By Davin Starr JorDAN and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. In a review of the Elasmobranchiate fishes of Japan by Messrs. Jordan and Fowler in these Proceedings,’ the specimens of white Chimeras or Ginzame collected by Jordan and Snyder in Japan are all referred to Chimera phantasma. A reexamination of the same material shows that two species are included by Jordan and Fowler under this head. One of these is the original Chimera phantasma of Jordan and Snyder?’ from the market of Tokyo. The other is the Chimera phantasma of Jordan and Fowler,’ from a specimen from Sagami Bay. The latter is a new species, and Dr. Bashford Dean tells us that he has proposed for it, in a paper still unpublished, the name of Chimera mitsukurii. This name we accept in place of one devised by ourselves. The two smaller specimens mentioned by Jordan and Fowler’ are the young of Chimera phantasma. All the specimens of both species now extant came from Sagami Bay, off Misaki. The synonymy and distinctive characters of the two species are given below. The accompanying figures are by Mr. W. S. Atkinson, that of Chimera phantasma being from the original type, No. 49398, U.S.N.M. 1. CHIMAZRA PHANTASMA Jordan and Snyder. Chimxra monstrosa SCHLEGBL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1850, p. 300, pl. cxxxi; Nagasaki (not of Linnzeus). Chimera phantasma JorDAN and SnyveEr, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 338; Mar- ket of Tokyo; Coll. K. Otaki—Jorpan and Fow er, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1903, p. 670; ‘‘two other specimens from Sagami Bay ’’ (not description ). In this species the anal fin is sharply notched opposite the notch in the second dorsal fin, so that the anal is separated from the caudal. The dorsal spine is strongly serrated behind and perfectly smooth in @Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XVI, 1903, p. 669. cIdem, XX VI, 1903, p. 670. bIdem, XXIII, 1901, p. 338. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXVII—No. 1356. 224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. front. The claspers are trifid, their length beyond the point of divi- sion being equal to 4 times the diameter of the pupil. The lateral line has conspicuous undulations extending along the sides of the body. Below the eye it gives off 2 branches, the upper of which passes backward toward the gill opening, the lower extending forward below the eye. There are 9 enamel rods in each anterior lamina of the upper jaw. Three specimens have been examined, the type, No. 49398, U.S.N.M., and two others in the Ichthyological Collections of Stanford University. The latter are females and do not differ from the type except in the sexual characters. Fig. 1.—CHIM#RA PHANTASMA. 2. CHIMERA MITSUKURII Dean Manuscript. Chimera phantasma JorRDAN and Fow er, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VI 1903, p. 669. Description from a male specimen from Sagami Bay. This species differs notably from Chimera phantasma in the follow- ing points. There-is no notch between the anal and caudal fins. The dorsal spine is finely serrated in front, and.is smooth behind except near the tip, where it is finely serrated, the posterior edges appearing smooth, however, when compared with the serrated area of the spine of C. phantasma. The claspers are bifid, their length beyond the point of division being equal to about 14 times the diameter of pupil. The lateral line is straight along the side of the body. Below the eye it gives off 2 branches, the upper of which passes forward below the orbit. There are 6 enamel rods in each anterior lamina of the upper jaw. The following is a more detailed description of our specimen of Chimera mitsukurii, No. 7739, Ichthyologica! Collections, Stanford University. no.1356. 4 JAPANESE WHITE CHIMERA—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 225 Head measured from tip of snout to gill opening equal to the depth, contained 1,'; times in the dorsal spine; longitudinal diameter of eye equal to width of base of pectoral, 3} in length of dorsal spine. The eye is oblong, the longitudinal diameter of the iris contained 4 times in length of dorsal spine. Hook inserted on snout just anterior to the eye, its length slightly greater than the diameter of pupil. Anterior lamin of upper jaw with sharp, sinuated edges; 6 enamel rods visi- ble from before, the posterior of which is very short; posterior laminze with rough edges, the enamel rods lying almost horizontally. Laminze of lower jaw with about 11 enamel rods on each side, the cutting edges concave. Fic, 2.—CHIMRA MITSUKUBII. Lateral line straight along the sides except for an abrupt upward curve below the dorsal spine and a gentle bend downward just posterior to the notch separating the dorsal and caudal; posterior to the eye it sends a branch upward, which divides, sending one part over the occi- put to meet a similar line from the opposite side, and the other part forward above the eye, along base of hook, and downward to tip of snout, where it joins a deep groove with frilled edges; the second branch from the main lateral line passes downward and forward behind the eye, where it divides, the upper division extending forward below the eye, curving upward, then downward and backward to join the groove mentioned above; the lower division passes downward almost immediately dividing, one section running backward and downward, passing as a row of pores across the throat, the other section contin- uing downward and forward a short distance, finally splitting, one-half uniting with a groove which crosses the snout dividing above the mouth, the other half crossing the chin as a line of pores. The dorsal spine is curved, acutely pointed, triangular in cross sec- 226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. tion, grooved behind; anteriorly there is a serrated, narrow keel extending the length of the spine; posteriorly the edges of the spine are smooth, except near the tip, where they are minutely serrated. The rays are attached to the basal third of spine only, longest rays not reaching tip of spine. The dorsal fins are connected by a rayless fold of skin. Second dorsal separated from caudal by a notch. Anal and caudal continuous. Caudal filament very long and slender, the distance from the end (notch) of the dorsal to tip of filament equal to distance from end of dorsal to insertion of pectoral. Pectoral some- what falcate, when depressed the tip reaching to middle of base of ventral. Length of ventral contained 1} times in dorsal spine. Clasp- ers bifid, the length beyond point of division equal to 14 times the diameter of pupil. Four spines on ventral edge of intromittent organ. Total length of specimen 292 inches with caudal filament. This species is named for Dr. Kakichi Mitsukuri NOTES ON A KILLER WHALE (GENUS ORCINUS) FROM THE COAST OF MAINE. By Freperick W. True, Head Curator, Department of Biology. The number of species of killer whales which inhabit the North Atlantic is uncertain. Lilljeborg, Eschricht, Van Beneden, Gray, Liitken, and other cetologists have endeavored to solve the question, but have been unable to do so, owing chiefly, it would appear, to lack of sufficient material. Eschricht thought it possible to distinguish three species in European waters, and Reinhardt appears to have con- curred in that view. Gray considered that two European species could be distinguished by the skulls. Van Beneden remarked in 1889: We not only believe that it is necessary to refer all these killers of the European seas to one and the same species, but we believe it possible to add also the killers of the Pacific and those of our antipodes.@ Liitken in 1887 summed up his study of the genus as follows: As regards the northern waters, I can only recognize two [species], and one of these, which bears the name of eschrichtii, still has need to be studied with new mate- rial. ? It has been known from a very early date that killers frequent the Atlantic coast of North America, but very little attention has been paid to them by American zodlogists, owing no doubt in part to the scarcity of opportunities to examine specimens. At all events, nothing of importance regarding these cetaceans is to be found in American zodlogical literature. I omitted them from my Revision of the Del- phinide, as, on account of insufficient material, I feared to increase rather than to lessen the uncertainty regarding the real number of existing species. In view of the present condition of the subject, it has seemed to me «Pp. J. Van Beneden, Hist. nat. des Cétacés des mers d’ Europe, 1889, p. 43. bC. F. Liitken, Krit. Studier over nogle Tandhvaler af Slegterne Tursiops, Orca og Lagenorhynchus. Videns. Selsk. Skr., 6. Reekke, nat. og math. Afd., 4, art. 6, 1887, p. 394. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXVII—No. 1357. 907 ‘ 228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. desirable to publish reproductions of two admirable photographs of a killer stranded at Eastport, Maine, in March, 1902. These photo- graphs were obtained by the National Museum from Mr. William §, Hume, through Dr. Richard Rathbun. My attention was first attracted to the animal by the following item which appeared in the New York Sin newspaper of March 3, 1902: Easrport, Maine, March 2.—Two large finback whales found their way into a small cove in the western part of the city on Thursday and will probably soon be killed. The whales have been seen in different parts of Passamaquoddy Bay for four weeks, and had made their way a few days ago up the Concook River, where the water is shallow. A small stream flows out from the river to the east, passing under the toll bridge which connects this island city with the mainland, 4 miles away. It was under this bridge that the two whales made their way into the small cove, which is inclosed on the other entrance by the three wooden bridges of the Washington County Railroad. At low tide the cove is shallow and there is hardly room for the whales to move about. The cove is within a half-mile of the Passamaquoddy Indian settlement, where there are 400 Indians. i. Upon writing to Mr. Hume, I was surprised to learn that the whales were not finbacks, but killers. Later Mr. Hume forwarded the two photographs of one of the specimens, which are published herewith, and the following measurements and memoranda: : Ft. in. Total length of. whale, straight <_< 35 see s< cna. 8 Cae ee eee 25 4 Vertical height*of dorsal fine. Pe Sores eos ee eS ee ee eee eee Sik Length of base of dorsal: ines a2 ee ae eee ree = eee 3 0 Length of . pectoral.z22,:222 se Seg es eo Se ee ee 3 0 Breadth: of, pectorall:. a2/s:21922583 Lew) Soo ese ae eee ee eee 3 0 Spread. ‘of flukes 2225 eae hee peg fee et oe 92 General color above, black; below, white. Color of pectorals above, black; below, white. Color of flukes above, black; below, white. Sex, male. Much to my regret the carcasses of these fine specimens were towed out to sea before it was known that the skeletons and casts of the exterior would be of interest to science. European killers have been figured many times, the best drawings being those published by Schlegel,“ Liitken,’ and Van Beneden.‘ Liitken’s figure agrees with the photograph of the Eastport specimen with the greatest exactness, except that the grayish mark on the back, posterior to the dorsal fin, is not observable in the latter. As this mark is probably rather indistinct, it may have been present in the Eastport specimen, but is not visible in the photographs on account “H. Schlegel, Abhandl. aus dem Gebiete der Zoologie und Vergleich. Anatomie, 1841, pl. vii. Female, about 14 feet long. Wyk op Zee, Holland, 1841. >C. F. Liitken, Vidensk. Selsk. Sky., 6 Reekke, nat. og math. Afh., 4, art. 6, 1887, pl. 1. Female, about 16 feet long. Limfiord, Norway. 1872. ¢P. J. Van Beneden, Mem. Acad. R. Belgique, XLIII, 1879, pl. 1. Young, about 6 feet 8 inches long. Ostende, Belgium. 1843 or 1844. No. 1357. A KILLER WHALE FROM MAINE—TRUE. 229 of the manner in which the light strikes the back.” Schlegel’s figure also agrees admirably, but the lower jaw is represented as longer, and there are slight differences in the shape of the postocular spot, and the boundary between the white of the lower surfaces and the black of the upper surfaces. The dorsal mark is present in Schlegel’s figure, but is colored purple. Van Beneden’s figure of a young individual is remarkable in that the lower surfaces are bright yellow, instead of white. This appears from other indications to be a character of immaturity. The post- ocular mark is very large and has a serrated anterior margin. ? There appears to be no reasonable doubt that Liitken’s figure and the Eastport photograph represent one and the same species, namely, Orcinus orca (Linneus), the type-species of the genus. It must be confessed, however, that a comparison of measurements of vari- ous North Atlantic specimens only leads to confusion. The different specimens show no decided tendency to group themselves into separate species, or to agree with one another in proportions. Doubtless many of the discrepancies are due to faulty measurements or differences in the methods of measuring, but my experience with whalebone whales leads me to believe that this may not be taken for granted. It is quite likely that there is a considerable amount of individual variation in proportions among these animals, the extent of which can not, however, be ascertained without the examination of a much larger number of specimens than has been available hitherto. The measurements above referred to, reduced in each case to per- centages of the total length, are shown in the table on the following page. While any opinion regarding the species of Orcznus can have little weight at present, such data as are available appear to indicate that a single species occupies the North and South Atlantic, a very distinct form the South Pacific (coast of Chile, etc.), and possibly a third species the North Pacific. The Faroe species, generally known as 0. eschrichtii, appears to me to have but slight claims to recognition at present. “These two photographs illustrate in an admirable manner how errors are likely to arise from the examination of a single picture of this kind. From Plate VIII it would be imagined that the posterior end of the upper lip and a spot in front of the eye were white and also that the white of the postocular spot joined that of the throat, but on comparing Plate VII it is seen that these apparent extensions of the white are due to reflections. »See also the figure published by Guldberg and Nansen in Bergens Mus. Skrift., V, 1894, pl. v, fig. 2. UM. VOL. XXVII. | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE ‘9INSROUT PUBLUTEYY o | ‘AINSROUI YSIUBKC Q ‘AINSBOTI YSI[SUA v “soyqny JO WI pBolg “*-=* 7Rooed Jo YIpBeIq s9}%BOI4) [e10j00d Jo yAsue'T [Bsiop jo yYStey [BOIS A YQSUoL [BIOL (uesea) =| (apoRosa) (jeseTqos) (qyptuyosy) = (Carqmaanos)) (WW) | (‘jeuegnd) (}qoOMTOSsy) C's 0°LZ G 8G | 9°8T 8 FG g°Ls 81% $66 G98 LG ee L°3 0-9 a8 L'FL 0°8 | 0°€T STS sae ee are PIT FPL 8 °OL | 6°OL L°8T 0°16 8°cT € ‘ST 8°TT | | FS lpeteale 8°IT | 8°6 VU 0°16 8 FL W2ESE 0°36 Udo Lad quad ad quad Lad Ua) Lad Uda Lad? "UW9) LAT quad lag | °3Uad dag quad Wad | 7 8 | uO /814 | w& 919 | u9 sL1@ “8 /OLY u0 610 u& (0GYP ub G9 ue Gv | ; “Sunod ‘aTBUId] | ‘SUNOA ‘o[VUTO; ‘oyBUuroy ‘oTRUIOy “Sunod ‘o[BUt ‘opeur =| ‘Suno4 ‘are ‘oyem des ‘TLST ‘wep CCST ‘ABUL | “TERT “puBllOH ‘PPS ‘g/ST ‘AOUBIY | ‘9E8T ‘PUT | ‘ZT ‘eOURIA | ‘TO8T ‘ARAL ‘QuIBW a -aMg pases -uog ‘smnqivy | ‘907 do ¥AM ‘purlusely uoumr07 |-suq ‘uudT) ‘souuBA |-ION ‘UOzZuOg 0d \seaq N PL. VII PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ‘SUO[ SOYOUL f JOO] CZ ‘oTRI_ “oUTRY ‘10d 4sry “(SNINNITZ) VOHO SNNIOYO SSIVHAA Y3Tmy PL. VIII PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ‘SUO| SOYYUL f Joo] cz ‘OTRyY “OUTR ‘jrodyseRgy *(SNYNNIF) VOHO SANIOHO ‘AIVHM Y3a771Iy - A ean OF THE COTTID.® OR SCULPINS FOUND IN THE WATERS OF JAPAN. By Davin Starr JorpDAN and Epwin CuHaprn Srarks, Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. In the present paper is given a review of the genera and species of fishes of the family of Cottide, known in English as Sculpins, in Japanese as Kajika or Bero, found in the waters of Japan. The paper is based on the collections made in 1900 by Professors Jordan and Snyder and those made in the same year by the U. S. Fish Com- mission steamer A/batross. Series of the species mentioned are depos- ited in the United States National Museum and in the collections of Leland Stanford Junior University. The accompanying illustrations are the work of Mrs. Chloe Lesley Starks, Capt. Charles Bradley Hudson, Mr. Kako Morita, Mr. Sekko Shimada, and Mr. Robert Logan Hudson. Family COTTID i. THE SCULPINS. Body moderately elongate, fusiform or compressed, tapering back- ward from the head, which is usually broad and depressed. Eyes placed high, the interocular space usually narrow; a bony stay con- necting the suborbital with the preopercle, usually covered by the skin; upper angle of preopercle usually with 1 or more spinous pro- cesses, the head sometimes wholly unarmed. Teeth equal, in villi- form or cardiform bands on jaws, and often on vomer and palatines; premaxillaries protractile; maxillary without supplemental bone. Gills 34 or 4, slit behind the last small, often obsolete; gill-rakers short, tubercle-like or obsolete; gill membranes broadly connected, often jointed to the isthmus. Body naked, or variously armed with scales, prickles, or bony plates, but never uniformly scaled; lateral line present, simple, sometimes chain-like. Dorsal fins separate or somewhat connected, the spines, 6 to 18 in number, usually slender, sometimes concealed in the skin, the soft part elongate; caudal fin separate, usually rounded, rarely forked; anal fin similar to the soft dorsal, without spines; pectoral fins large, with broad procurrent bases, the rays mostly simple, the upper sometimes branched; ventrals thoracic, rarely entirely wanting, the rays usually I, 3 to I, , their PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXVII—No, 1358. 231 232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. insertion well forward. Pseudobranchie present. Vertebre numer- ous, 80 to 50. Scapular arch normal; myodome developed; actinosts large, partly intervening between coracoids; ribs sessile on the ver- tebre. Pyloric ceca usually in small number (4 to 8); air bladder com- monly wanting. (Genera numerous, mostly of the rock pools and shores of northern regions; many species found in fresh waters; some of the salt-water species descending to great depths. Most of the species are of small size and singular aspect, and none is valued as food. The family is an extremely varied one, which can not readily be thrown into subordinate groups. Almost every species has an individuality of its own, and among the marine forms it is necessary to recognize almost as many genera as species. It is impossible to throw these small genera together into large groups. Of the various forms, probably the American genus /ordania is nearest the primitive scaly stock, from which such forms as Zaniolepis and Oxylebius among the Hexagrammide are also descended. Fresh-water degeneration is exemplified in Cottus and Uranidea and deep-water degeneration in ZLesticelus, Cottunculus, and Psychrolutes. A. Ventral fins well developed, the rays I, 2 to I, 5. . Spinous dorsal evident, not concealed in the flesh nor indistinguishable from soft part; head with spines or tubercles (except in rare cases), its bones not all hidden in lax skin. C. Pectoral fins without free rays below, and not coalescent. D. Ventral rays not I, 5; usually I, 3, sometimes I, 2 or I, 4. F. Spinous dorsal shorter than soft part, of less than 13 spines. F. HemivepipoTinz. Body definitely more or less scaly above, the scales sometimes arranged in bands or sometimes modified as bony plates, these usually placed along lateral line or at base of dorsal (skin naked in Artediellus). G. Last gill arch without slit behind it; gill membranes united, free from the isthmus. H. Vomer and palatines with teeth; ventral rays I, 2. J. Preopercular spine with 1 to 5 enlarged hooks or antler-like pro- cesses above, besides the two on its bifid or emarginate tip. _ J. Body with three series of bony plates, those of the upper and lower series strongly keeled ......------------------ Stlengis, 1. JJ. Body with a single row of rough plates along the side; head Wb MeGONS PICU OLS |PONCS ats see eee ar eee Schmidtia, 2. II. Preopercular spine bifid or simple, without hooks or antler-like processes above. K. Vent.very close behind ventrals; supraoccipital cirrus very high; skin with small, rough plates.....-.....---- Archistes, 3. KK. Ventwell behind ventra!s; supraorbital cirrus low or wanting. L. Upper preopercular spine forked; a simple flap above eye; body covered with rough scales above------.---- Daruma, 4. LL. Upper preopercular spine simple, more or less hooked at tip. M. Body covered above with small, rough plates, those on lateral line larger; preopercle with four spines; preoper- cular spine slightly hooked.....-.-------- Ricuzenius, 5. MM.-Body entirely scaleless; preopercular spine strongly hooked) iscerxrt se BR ee eee Artediellus, 6. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 233 LLL. Upper-preopercular spine simple or emarginate; back with a series of larger plates along base of dorsal; sides with scattered scales; body slender and elongate. - Icelus, 7. HI. Vomer with teeth; palatines with none; sides with a series of bony, keeled plates. N. Plates on head very small; body rather robust; pre- opercle with four spines, the uppermost hooked up- SOs eee oe Cee Se pe eye elomree gets he Stelgistrum, 8. GG. Last gill arch with a distinct slit behind it. O, Sides of body with oblique, serrated folds; preoper- cular spines small, simple or bifid; gill membranes free from the isthmus; no palatine teeth. P. Caudal fin truncate or nearly so. Q. Back with a series of bony tubercles along base ot dorsal: breast naked, with cross folds of SU ee ae ae eee ae Triglops, 9. PP. Caudal fin emarginate; body very slender; lower rays of pectoral produced; no bony plates along ase On COrcale eee ee Prionistius, 10. OO. Sides of body without oblique, serrated folds; no bony tubercles along dorsal fin; body very i robust. So ae R. Back with one or two bands of large, rough Pe scales; lateral line without bony shields; a laa with teeth; preopercular spine s U. S. Back and sides with two separate bands of ao coarse, rough scales; ventrals moderate; “S spinous dorsal notched; gill openings cae forming a broad fold across isthmus. e Hemilepidotus, 11. SS. Body without scales, but with a band of coarse, bony plates along lateral line; gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus. T. Preopercular spine simple, very strong. Enophrys, 12. TT. Preopercular spine very long, armed above with recurved hooks. Ceratocottus, 13. FF. Body not definitely scaly nor armed with bony plates, the skin smooth or prickly or with scattered warts; no bony armature along lateral line. U. Corrmx®. Skin smooth or warty or velvety, not evenly hispid with stiff prickles; head and body more or less depressed. V. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus, not forming a fold across it; fresh-water species with the head feebly armed; palatine teeth present, occasionally few or wanting altogether; no slit behind last gill arch. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03——16 234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. W. Pectoral fin with the lower rays simple. X. Ventral rays I, 4; palatine teeth usually present. Y. Suborbital stay with a promi- nent ridge; head with dis- tinct ridges above; skin prickly; preopercular spine strongly hooked. Trachidermus, 14. YY. Suborbital stay flat, without ridge; head rounded above. Cottus, 18. XX. Ventral rays I, 3; palatines mostly toothless. Uranidea, 16. WW. Pectoral fin with the rays all branched; ventral rays I, 4. Rheopresbe, 17. VV. Gill membranes free from the isthmus or else forming a broad fold across it. Z. Palatines without teeth. a. Vomer with teeth. b. Dorsal spines simple, not fringed with tentacles; no tentacles on temporal region. c. Precpercle with three spines only, the uppermost straight, the third turned downward; skeleton well ossified; lateral line developed, with or without concealed plates. Lower jaw included; post temporal with one spine. Myoxocephalus, 18. cc. Preopercle with three spines; lower jaw projecting; post temporal with a double" spimer 4= ait aoee 5 ee. ae ay) ee See se ae ee Megalocottus, 19. cece. Preopercle with four spines; the lowermost turned downward. d. Nasal spines strong; bones of head firm; lower jaw included. e. Upper preopercular spine very long and straight; no slit behind fourth sr See ese eae ee ein che yh a eet ee eee ta linocottus, 20. ee. Upper preopercular spines curved. f. Ventral fins moderate, not reaching vent.........------ Porocottus, 21. if. Ventral fins very long; reaching past front of anal-..-Argyrocottus, 22. dd. Nasal spines obsolete; bones of head soft and spongy; lower jaw projecting; lateral line reduced to scattered pores; vomer with teeth; deep water sculpins, with feeble fins and reduced armature. g. Uppermost preopercular spine long and sharp; dorsals separated. Zesticelus, 23. gg. Uppermost preopercular spine short and concealed in the skin; dorsalsicontimuoussss5" seen eee eee ee Cottunculus, 24. aa. Vomer and palatines toothless; upper preopercular spine stout, armed with antler-like processes; slit behind last gill small or wanting--Gymnocanthus, 25. bb. Dorsal spines each with a fringe of tentacles; ventral rays I, 3; a pair of mul- tifid flaps behind orbit? 124 yess een ee er eee ee ee Crossias, 26. ZZ. Palatines as well as vomer with teeth; gill mem- branes free from the isthmus; last gill _ slit small or wanting. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 235 h. Ventral rays I, 3 (allies of Oligocottus). i. Upper preopercular spine long, with antler-like proceeses; no anal papilla, mo flap above eye .........-.----:-.--- Cottiusculus, 27. hh. Ventral rays Tf 2 (allies of Pseudoblennius) . j. Preopercle with antler-like hooks or processes above. k. Preopercular spine rather long and slender, with one or more hooked teeth above; skin naked; no cirrus above eye. Elaphichthys, 28. kk. Preopercular spine short and flat, divided into many points at tip; a simple cirrus above eye.......----2 {lcichthys, 29. vi. Preopercular spine, simple or forked, without antler-like pro- cesses or hooks aboye. 1. Preopercular spine forked at tip, a pair of simple cirri at the RC eer thee te wae eee terre | Ae Furcina, 30. ll, Preopercular spine simple. m. Head normally formed. n. Pectoral fins very large; a small tentacle on each pore GimlateralMline) ese eee eee ae Ocynectes, 31. mn. Pectoral fins moderate: anal papilla large. o. Anal papilla cylindrical, trilobate; a tentacle over Cy Cee Sees CPS Sc eect ere Pseudoblennius, 32. oo. Anal papilla simple; three pairs of multifid flaps ADO VERGE Gasper Bee teal ee inc a meee ae Bero, 33. mm. Head very slender, depressed, and pointed, pike-like; body compressed, with very slender caudal peduncle; no cirri on head; preopercular spine straight and Sian ps oknesM OO thse aae aa: se Se eee Vellitor, 34. hhh. Ventral rays I, +; preopercular spine strongly hooked upward. Artediellus, 6. FF. Burrsun®. Skin almosteverywhere evenly rough with small bluntish prickles; head and body more or less compressed; fins more or less elevated. p. Gill membranes free from the isthmus. g- Spinous dorsal not notched; sides without smooth areas-so-e oe once ee Histiocottus, 35. qq. Spinous dorsal deeply notched; sides with defi- MItesmOOth areas sees asss5s— see Blepsias, 36. pp. Gill membranes united to isthmus; first dorsal nmowelevatedh-. 2 sos. ose ects sed Nautiscus, 37. EE. Hemirriprertx®. Spinous dorsal longer than soft part, of 14 to 18 spines; skin rough with prickles and tubercles; teeth on yomer and palatines; gill membranes free from isthmus; no slit behind last gill; head depressed. g. Spinous dorsal of 16 to 18 spines, deeply notched, the first spines highest. Hemitripterus, 38. BB. Psycurouutry*. Spinous dorsal not evident, its slender spines hidden in the skin; head unarmed, covered by lax skin; no slit behind last gill; no teeth on yomer or palatines; ventral rays I, 3; bones of head moderately cavern- SE ee ee eck te nele ek eee Psychrolutes, 39. AA. Erevnunx. Ventral fins wholly wanting; pectoral fins with the four lower- most rays simple and free from the membrane; teeth on yomer and palatines; gill membranes free from the isthmus; skin covered with velvety prickles. Ereunias, 40. ¥: Ss 236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. _ 1. STLENGIS Jordan and Starks. Stlengis JORDAN and STARKS, new genus (osensis). Body not compressed. Jaws, vomer, and palatines with villiform teeth. Eyes large, narrowly separated. No slit behind last gill. Gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus. Branchiostegals 6. Preopercle with a long slender spine armed above with several antler-like processes, 3 small sharp spines below. Body encased in 3° longitudinal series of bony plates, which are sharply toothed behind; in addition each plate of the upper and lower series is armed with a sharp keel ending ina sharp hooked spine much as in Agonide. Belly naked. Ventrals with two soft rays. (oTAéEvyis, a comb.) 1. STLENGIS OSENSIS Jordan and Starks, new species. Head 27 in length without caudal; depth 5; dorsal VII-14; anal 13; eye 3 in head; interorbital width 10; snout 4; maxillary 24; preopercle Fic. 1.—STLENGIS OSENSIS. spine 4; pectoral 14; ventral 13; caudal 23; height of caudal peduncle — 5s. | Upper profile of head broadly rounded; the snout not steep. Body elongate, not compressed; tapering to a slender caudal peduncle; mouth ~ rather large; the maxillary reaching to slightly past middle of eye. Lower jaw slightly included. Small villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Eyes large and very narrowly separated; at upper pro- file of head. Nasal spines sharp. Angle of preopercle with a long’ slender spine which reaches to edge of opercle, its upper edge armed with 5 antler-like processes. Lower edge of preopercle with 3 small sharp spines; the lowest one pointing forward. No tentacles on top of head. Body encased in 3 longitudinal series of bony plates, which are sharply toothed behind; each plate of the upper and lower series has an enlarged spine directed backward. The lowest series contains 24 plates and extends from just in front of the anal to the base of the ~ No. 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 237 caudal fin; the middle series contains 28 plates, and begins just behind the parietal region on top of head, bends obliquely down to side of body at tip of pectoral, thence runs straight and ends a distance equal to diameter of eye in front of caudal; the top row con- tains 26 plates, and runs from under middle of spinous dorsal to caudal fin. Belly naked. Dorsal separate; tips of last dorsal rays end vertically above those of anal, but not reaching to caudal. Pectoral reaches a little past front of anal. Ventrals with 2 rays each; their tips almost reach to first anal ray. Caudal rounded. Color faintly brownish above; a slightly dusky band at base of caudal; a black spot on posterior part of spinous dorsal; soft dorsal dusky; other fins colorless. The type and only specimen was dredged by the U. 8S. Fish Com- mission steamer A//atross in Suruga Bay at Station 3788, off Ose Point. It is 88 mm. in length, and is numbered 50912, U.S.N.M. 2. SCHMIDTIA Jordan and Starks. Schmidtia JORDAN and Srarks, new genus (imisakia). Body elongate, not compressed; tapering into~ a slender caudal peduncle. Eyes large, close together. Preopercle armed with 4 spines; the upper one long and slender, and armed above with 5 sharp-antler- like processes. Villiform teeth in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Gill membranes broadly united; free from isthmus. No slit behind last gill. Head with many large pores. Dorsals separate, but close together. Ventrals with a concealed spine and 2 soft rays each. Caudal slightly rounded. Sides with a lateral row of wide plates, which are ctenoid on their posterior edges; body otherwise naked. (Named for Peter Schmidt, of St. Petersburg, in recognition of his studies of Japanese fishes. ) 2. SCHMIDTIA MISAKIA Jordan and Starks, new species. Head 23 in length without caudal; depth 53; dorsal [X-16; anal 12; lateral plates 35; eye 3+ in head; interorbital 15; snout 43; maxillary 23; fourth dorsal spine 3; longest dorsal rays 24; longest anal rays 34; length of pectoral 13; ventral 2; caudal 1%; height of caudal peduncle 6. Upper profile of head broadly rounded; the snout moderately steep. Top and sides of head and mandible with many pores. Mouth at extreme lower aspect of head; little oblique; the maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of pupil; anterior end of maxillary on a level or slightly below a level with lower margin of eye. Small villi- form teeth in rather narrow bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Lower jaw slightly included. Eyes large, at upper profile of head; narrowly separated by a slight, convex, interorbital bone; orbit less 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXVIII, curved at lower edge than at any other point. Nasal spines well developed and sharp. Upper preopercular spine long and slender, its tip reaching to or a little past edge of opercle; armed above with 4 sharp antler-like processes. Lower edge of preopercle with 3 mod- erately large sharp spines; the upper one the largest; the lowest one hooked forward. Lateral plates rather long and narrow; sharply toothed on posterior edge; the longest ones near middle of body, where they are about equal to height of caudal peduncle; the line of plates beginning on nape at each side of second dorsal spine, running obliquely to sides a little behind tip of pectoral, and thence straight to caudal. Origin of spinous dorsal anterior to tip of opercle flap a distance equal to half the diameter of eye. Dorsals completely but slightly separated. Tips of last soft dorsal rays each well past those of anal, Fic. 2.—SCHMIDTIA MISAKIA. but fail to reach base of caudal by a distance equal to three-fifths diameter of eye. Origin of anal under third ray of soft dorsal. Pee- toral with 17 simple rays; its lip reaches to opposite front of anal. Ventral with a concealed spine and 2 soft rays; the inner ray the longer; reaching two-thirds of distance from its base to origin of anal. faudal slightly rounded. Color, light uniform brown above, white below; a few roundish diffused spots, irregular in size and position, along sides below lateral plates; a similar spot at base of upper pectoral rays; a dark bar with blended edges runs from middle of eye downward and slightly back- ward; another runs from anterior end of eye to side of snout; pec- toral slightly dusky toward tips of rays; spinous dorsal dusky, some- times with a dark spot posteriorly; soft dorsal obliquely crossed with light and dark bars; other fins colorless. Two specimens dredged by the U. 8. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Station 3698), in 153 fathoms, in Sagami Bay, off Mana- zuru Point. They are 68 and 77 mm. in length. The larger one is the type and is numbered 50913 in the United States National Museum; the other is No. 7506, Ichthyological Collection, Stanford University. ae NO, 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 239 38. ARCHISTES Jordan and Gilbert. Archistes JoRDAN and GiLBert, Fish. Bering Sea, in Rept. Fur Seal Invest. for 1896-97, III, 1899, p. 454 (plumarius). Head and body compressed; lateral line armed with a series of spinous plates; a series of smaller similar plates along base of dorsal widening anteriorly so as to fill the space between dorsal and lateral line, but not extending around front of dorsal to connect with band on the other side.. Head naked; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; no slit or pore behind last gill; no spines above eye or on vertex; a single gently curved preopercular spine, not forked and without cusps or processes; a large fringed supraorbital flap; small flaps and cirri on occiput, sides of head, and along lateral line; teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; dorsals continuous, notched between spinous and soft portions; ventrals I, 3, without sete; vent far forward, immediately behind base of ventral fins, the male with a long anal papilla. (apyxos, vent; alluding to its unusual position.) 3. ARCHISTES PLUMARIUS Jordan and Gilbert. Archistes plumarius JoRDAN and GiLBERT, Fish. Bering Sea, in Rept. Fur Seal Invest. for 1896-97, III, 1899, p. 454, pl. tui; Ushishir Island.—Jorpan and EverMaANN, Fish. N. and M. Amer., II, 1898, p. 1901; Ushishir Island. Head 32 in length; depth 4; eye 34 in head. D. X-23; A. 18; P. 15 or 16. Anterior portion of head compressed and narrow, with verti- eal sides, the width at angle of mouth little greater than diameter of orbit. From the ocular region the head widens rapidly backward and downward to preopercular spine, leaving the occiput narrow; greatest width of head and body near preopercular spine, slightly less than depth of head at occiput; body compressed, everywhere much deeper than wide. Mouth slightly oblique, maxillary reaching slightly beyond vertical from front of pupil, 3f in head. Jaws and vomer with rather wide bands of uniform fine teeth; a small patch on front of palatines; nasal spines strong, fixed; preopercular spine strong, simple, directed upward and backward, gently curved; preocular margin without fur- ther spines or prominences. Opercle thin, without rib or spine; su- praocular rim elevated, projecting above profile of head; interorbital space narrow, deeply channeled, the sides sloping convexly; occiput depressed behind the eyes and transversely rounded, rendering the profile somewhat concave; posteriorly the occiput rises and is literally angulated, somewhat quadrate therefore in cross section; vertex with- out ridges or spines; supraocular flap as long as eye, lanceolate in form, coarsely fringed along the margins; a pair of broad, deeply cleft flaps near middle of occiput, and a second pair at posterior edge of occiput; a long nasal cirrus, a series of short filaments along margin 240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. of preopercle, | on suborbital stay, | near tip of maxillary,a cleft fila- ment near opercular angle, and a series of 4 filaments along middle of lateral line; anterior nostrils ina short tube; gill membranes widely joined across the throat, entirely free from isthmus. Lateral line rising ina high convex curve anteriorly, the curved and straight portions equal; along its course is a series of 44 plates, with the upper edge free and spinous, large along the curved portion of the line, but dimin- ishing rapidly in size posteriorly, the free edge becoming smooth or nearly so; a series of much smaller but similar plates lies along base of dorsal, extending halfway along back of caudal peduncle, widening under anterior half of spinous dorsal to form a band which nearly fills the space between dorsal and lateral line; skin otherwise entirely naked. Dorsal beginning a pupil’s diameter behind occiput. Spines very slender, the anterior ones highest, each crowned with a membrana- ceous flap which is digitately cleft; the third spine longest, one-half length of head; the last spine about two-fifths the third and one-half Fic. 3.—ARCHISTES PLUMARIUS. the succeeding short ray; pectoral rays all simple, the lower thickened with incised membranes, the longest rays reaching vertical from third anal ray; ventrals narrow, reaching front of anal when declined; vent immediately behind ventral fins, the long anal papilla reaching front of anal fin when declined. Color in spirits, light grayish olive, a series of 5 irregular quadrate blotches along the back, usually connected at their lower margins; middle of sides with dusky marblings, from the lower edge of which a series of 7 V-shaped black blotches descend toward lower outline; the dusky marking of sides inclosing small round spots of ground color; an oblique dark bar on snout and a black blotch on lower portions of cheek; interopercle and upper branchiostegals with cross series of black spots; pectoral with a large dark blotch and indistinct cross bars on the rays; anal crossed by oblique dark bars; caudal indistinctly cross-barred; dorsals dusky, without definite pattern; ventrals plain. Length 3 inches. Ushishir Island, of the Kuril Group; only the type known. (Jordan and Gilbert.) (plumarius, feathery.) JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 24] 4. DARUMA Jordan and Starks. Daruma JorDAN and Srarks, new genus (sagamia). Body rather robust, covered above with rough scales, not arranged in definite bands; extending below lateral line posteriorly; no bony plates along base of dorsal; no naked area below dorsal nor in front of dorsal; preopercular spine long, bifurcate; teeth on vomer and palatines; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus: no slit behind last gill. This genus differs from Puscarius, its nearest relative, in having the ventrals 2-rayed, the scales extending below the lateral line poste- tiorly, the upper preopercle spine more widely forked, and in having asingle flat flap over the posterior part of eye, which is fringed but not divided. (Daruma, a name applied to squat figures of Buddha, and thence to certain thick-headed fishes of Japan.) 4. DARUMA SAGAMIA Jordin and Starks, new species. Head 2? in length without caudal; depth 33: dorsal VIII-12; anal 9; lateral line 30; eye 34 in head; interorbital 8; snout 3%; maxillary Fic. 4.—DARUMA SAGAMITIA, - 23; length of ventral 13; pectoral 14; caudal 1$; height of caudal peduncle 34. Body robust, deepest under spinous dorsal.. Snout steep. Mouth low. Maxillary reaching to below anterior margin of pupil; its anterior end just below the level of eye. Fine villiform teeth in nar- row bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Lower jaw included. Eyes large, projecting a little above upper protile of head. Interorbital Space very narrow. Nasal spines small but sharp. Upper preoper- cular spine not reaching to edge of opercle; its tip divided into two spines, the largest hooked upward. On lower edge of preopercle are 3small rather sharp spines, the lowest pointing forward. Top of ~ 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. head with a slight ridge running back from each eye, leaving vertex slightly concave. bo PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. | 14. TRACHIDERMUS Heekel. Trachidermus Hecxrt, Ann. Wiener Mus., II, 1840, p. 159 (fasciatus); not Trachyderma, the correct orthography, used by Latreille in 1929 for a genus of Coleoptera. Centridermichthys RicHARDSON, Voyage Sulphur, Fishes, 1846, p. 73 (ansatus). This genus differs from Cottus chiefly in having a much depressed head bearing ridges covered by a moderately thick skin; 2 ridges on each side of top of head from behind eye, diverging backward; a ridge on opercle, and a prominent one on suborbital stay; spine at angle of preopercle very much hooked and having the gill membrane more narrowly connected to isthmus. It has teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; branchiostegals 6; no slit behind last gill arch; origin of anal behind middle of entire length, and skin usually with prickles; lower pectoral rays simple. Ventral rays I, 4. Mountain streams of southern Japan, China, and the Philippines.. (rpaxUs, rough; déopa, skin.) 15. TRACHIDERMUS ANSATUS (Richardson.) YAMA-NO KAMI (MOUNTAIN WITCH); AYUKAKE. 2? Trachidermus fasciatus Hecker, Ann. Wiener Mus., II, 1840, p. 160, pl. 1x, figs. 1, 2; Philippines. 2? Centridermichthys fasciatus GinrHErR, Cat. Fish., I, 1860, p. 170, copied.— IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 48; Kii, Shikoku, Tokushima. Cottus uncinatus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1843, p. 38; ‘‘Mers du Japon”’ probably from Chikugo River, northeast of Nagasaki (not Cottus uncinatus of Reinhardt, 1833, a species of Icelus. ) Centridermichthys ansatus RicHarpson, Voyage of Sulphur, Fishes, 1844, p. 74, pl. try, figs. 6-10; Woo Sung, mouth of the Yangtze. Head 24 to 2% in length without caudal; depth 53; dorsal VIII-18 or 19; anal 15 to 18;“ eye 54 to 54 in head; interorbital width 6} to 7; maxillary 24. Head and anterior part of body depressed; the head is nearly twice as wide as deep. Teeth in moderate bands on mandible, vomer, and sides of premaxillary, becoming wide on front of premaxillary; ina narrow line pointed at each end on palatines. Lower jaw included; maxillary reaching to posterior margin of eye. Interorbital rather wide, concave, and without ridges, continuous with a wide concave area on top of head between ridge from eyes, superorbital rim very much widened posteriorly. From each eye a pair of ridges run back- ward which are covered by moderately thick skin; the inner ridge diverges from the outer one toward its fellow of the opposite side and, in specimens 8 em. and under in length, ends in a small blunt spine at aFin formule of 32 specimens: 22 specimens have 19 dorsal rays; 10 specimens have 18 dorsal rays; 20 specimens haye 17 anal rays; 11 specimens have 18 anal rays; 1 specimen has 15 anal rays. see ee SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STAR 263 each side of occiput; in larger ones it bec ‘comes lowe ‘ry at the end and is “not even angulated; the outer ridge runs along pterotic region and ends without a spine. Opercle with a rather strong ridge, anda strong ide ridge runs along the suborbital stay and ends at the upper pre- opercle spine. Nasal spines scarcely developed, not projecting through t he skin. DPreopercle with 4 spines; the upper larger than the others and very strongly hooked; the 2 next below rather blunt and directed & ard ee bac eee the lowest one hooked forward. Body of the smaller specimens closely covered with small rough prickles, the head with a few smooth papille: in large specimens the prickles are more scattered and not nearly so rough. - Origin of anal under fifth dorsal ray, or midway between tip of cau- dal and middle of eye. Pectoral reaches to front of anal; it has 18 Fic, 14.—TRACHIDERMUS ANSATUS. Tays, the lower 10 simple, the upper ones divided once; the fifth ray and 3 below are the longest, 14 in head. Ventrals with one concealed spine and 4 rays; their tips reach half way from their base to front of nal. Origin of spinous dorsal a little in front of tip of opercular flap, ts base 14 to 2 in head, its longest spines three-fourths of length of longest soft rays; the soft rays behind the third or fourth are subequal length to within a like number from the posterior end. Caudal mewhat rounded; its length 24 in head. — Color grayish pion on back, white below, back and sides crossed by 5 slightly oblique crossbars similar in position to those on Cottus kazika and Cottus pollux; a conspicuous black bar running forward from each eye to tip of snout, involving tip of mandible; another bar ning from eye obliquely backward and downward across cheek; a imilar bar connecting eyes across interorbital space. Ventrals and al white; other fins with irregular cross lines, formed by light-brown ts on rays; a dark spot on base of pectoral and first 3 or 4 spines ' 264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIE. of dorsal with a large black spot. All of these markings, but espe- cially the crossbars, more conspicuous in the young. The following color note was taken from a fresh specimen: A ver- tical bar of deep scarlet with yellow dashes on the skin under preopercle partly covered by that bone, this bar extending on upper branchioste- gal rays. Fins and body light and dark olive. Numerous specimens of this species taken in the Chikugo River at Kurume, the largest 125 mm. in entire length. It is said to be abun- dant in mountain streams of Kiusiu in company with Aryttosus hawamebari. The long description of Centridermichtys ansatus by Richardson, from the Yangtze seems to agree closely with our speci- mens. Its bright scarlet head markings are very conspicuous in life. Trachidermus fasciatus Hechel, from the Philippines, seems to be closely related, but is probably not the same fish. The specimen here figured has a smaller number of anal rays than usual. (ansatus, jug-handled, from the curved, preopercular spine.) 15. COTTUS (Artedi) Linneus. Cottus ARTEDI, Genera Piscium, 1738, p. 49. Cottus LiInNxus, Syst. Nat., X, 1758, p. 264 (gobio). Pegedictis RavrinesqueE, Ichth. Ohiensis, {820, p. 85 (ictalops). Cottopsis GirARD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., III, 1850, p. 303 (asper). Potamocottus Gitt, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861, p. 40 (punctulatus). Tauridea JorpAN and Rice, Man Vert. E. U. §., 2d Ed., 1875, p. 255 (rice?). Fresh water sculpins. Body fusiform. Head feebly armed; skin smooth or more or less velvety, its prickles, if present, not bony or scale-like; villiform teeth on jaws and vomer, and sometimes on pala- tines. Gill openings separated by a wide isthmus, over which the membranes do not form a fold; no slit behind fourth gill. Branechi- ostegals 6; suborbital stay flat, without a ridge, no ridges on opercle. Dorsals nearly or quite separate, the first of 6 to 9 slender spines; ven- trals moderate, each with a short concealed spine and 4 soft rays; pec- toral rays usually all simple, lower ones always so. Lateral line present usually more or less chain-like, sometimes incomplete. Pre- opercle with a simple spine at its angle which is usually curved upward, its base more or less covered by skin, very rarely obsolete; usually 2 or 3 spines turned downward below this; subopercle usually with a concave spine turned downward. Vertebre 10-+-23=33; pylo- ric ceca about 4. Fishes of small size, inhabiting clear waters in the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America. The species are extremely numerous, and are very difficult to distinguish, all being very similar in form, coloration, and habits. The Miller’s Thumb, or Blob, in Japan called Kajika, is found in most streams and lakes where trout occur, and it is one of the most destructive enemies of the trout, devouring its eggs in great numbers. No. 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 265 / re : . x . E (Cottus, «otros, an old name of the European Miller’s Thumb, Cof- . . / tus gobio, Linneus, from «KotTa head). @Preepictis. Preopercular spines 4; palatine teeth present, D. VIII-14 or 15; A, UM UME MEIER EA acre hs as a ome cin ks wens eee d te oedaca bec kazika, 16, aaCorrus. Preopercle with but one distinct spine; palatine teeth obsolete, D. VIII- WER MoeAnel tONlS! 22 6222 .2-252.55552-8- =. Se See ee eee pollux, 17. 16. COTTUS KAZIKA Jordan and Starks, new species, Head 23 in length without caudal; depth 4%. Dorsal VIII-14 to 16; anal 13 to 15; ventral I, 4. Pores of lateral line 28; eye 4% in head; interorbital (bone only) 8; maxillary 21; snout 4; height of caudal peduncle 43 to 5. Body deepest at shoulders; head somewhat depressed, the snout nar- row; a notch in profile at front of eyes. Mouth rather large; the maxil- lary reaching to below posterior margin of pupil; lower jaw included vegans = Fic. 15.—CoTtTus KAZIKA. oreven withupper. Teeth in broad bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; those on palatines in bands as wide as on vomer and equally conspicu- ous, somewhat coarser than those on jaws. Interorbital space concave and continuous behind with a broad shallow concave area on top of head, which is between low inconspicuous rounded parietal ridges. Nasal spine sharp; between them are the slightly produced processes from the premaxillaries. Edge of preopercle armed with 4 spines, all sharp, the upper one very strongly hooked upward, the next much smaller, pointing backward, the next hooked downward, and the lowest pointing forward. A small sharp spine on lower anterior end of subopercle directed forward. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03 18 266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Fin formule of 7 specimens: 5 specimens have 15 dorsal rays; 1 has 16; 1 has 14; 3 specimens have 14 anal rays; 2 have 13; 2 have 15. Longest dorsal spine 5 in head; longest soft ray 3; tips of last dorsal rays not nearly reaching base of caudal. Pectoral reaching a little past front of anal; it has 17 rays, the fifth to the eighth from the top the longest, 12 in head. The distal fourth or fifth of ventrals extends over the median point between their base and origin of anal. Origin of anal midway between tip of snout and distal sixth of caudal. Caudal truncated, its length 17 in head. Body rough with small prickles; top of head appearing similar to body under a lens, but smooth to the touch. Color brownish or slate color on back and head, under parts white; sides crossed with 4 conspicuous, black, oblique, cross bars extending downward and slightly forward; one not evident as the others under front of spinous dorsal; one under fifth to seventh dorsal rays, grow- ing narrower below and nearly reaching front of anal; a narrower one under last dorsal rays, and one across base of caudal; the rays of pec- toral, dorsals, and caudal with black spots forming irregular bars across fins; anal and ventrals white; lips with black spots; chin dusky. Small specimens show a white crescent on nape in front of dorsal, the bars more conspicuous, and the interspaces lighter, sometimes white immediately behind bars from dorsal to lower parts. This species differs from Uranidea reinii (Hilgendorf) and Uranidea dybowskii (Hilgendorf) in having the ventral rays I, 4, in having 4 preopercular spines rather than 3, and in having teeth on the palate; from the former in having a large head, nasal spines developed, ven- trals not nearly reaching to anal and much shorter soft dorsal; from the latter in having the height of head much less (5 to 53 rather than 34 in length, without caudal), in having fewer pores in lateral line and in color, the conspicuous cross bars not being described. Hilgendorf describes 7 anal rays for (7. dybowskii, which number is doubtless a misprint. Four specimens taken in the streams at Niigata and at Tsuruga; the largest, the type, is 9 em. in length, the smallest 6 em. The type is numbered 7705, Ichthyological Collections, Leland Stan- ford Junior University Museum, and is from Niigata, where it was obtained by Mr. Eitaro lijima, a student in Stanford University. Cotypes are numbered 50918, U.S. N. M. (hajikha, the Japanese name of river sculpins. ) bw — 2 ~] JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. | 17. COTTUS POLLUX Giinther. KAJIKA. Cottus pollux G&NtHER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1873, p. 240; Otaru in Hok- kaido (Ishikari River).—Isnixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 42; Tokazu River. Cottus hilgendorfi SvEINDACHNER and D6pERLEIN, Beitriige zur Kennt. der Fische Japan’s, III, 1884, p. 40; IV, pl. tv (near Tokyo, probably Tana R.).— IsnrkAwa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 48; Tsugaru, Uzen, Iwashiro, Shimotsuki, Chichibu, Yamashiro, Kai, Kamo R., Katsura R., Tokyo. Head 3} to 32 in length without caudal; depth 5 to 54. D. VIII or 1X-16 to 18; anal 11 to 13. Eye 5 in head; maxillary 2 to 2! heaa; interorbital width % of eye; bone only 4 in eye. Body slender and head rather small. Teeth in moderate bands on jaws, narrower on vomer; palatines toothless. Lower jaw included. Maxillary variable with size; in the smaller examples (10 cm. long) it does not reach past posterior margin of pupil; in the larger ones (14 em. long) it reaches to posterior border of eye. Preopercle with but one small hooked spine, usually covered by the skin; subopercle with a very small spine at its anterior lower end. Interorbital concave; top of head evenly rounded. Length of ventrals variable; in the largest examples they nearly always reach to or cover the vent; in the smaller ones they sometimes reach to vent or sometimes to end within a distance of vent equal to the diameter of the eye. Pectoral reaches to opposite front of anal, its length 1} or 14 in head. Dorsal spines slender, the longest two- thirds or three-fourths of the longest soft rays. Longest anal rays 2 in head. Caudal slightly rounded; its length 15 in head. Skin every- where perfectly smooth. Color grayish or brown above, lighter or white below; back with 5 crossbars, the first under front of spinous dorsal, the next near pos- terior end of spinous dorsal, the others more conspicuous and longer, the middle one more oblique than the others, running from under the fourth to seventh dorsal rays, becoming narrower below and reach- ing obliquely forward to toward a point just in front of anal, the next bar under last dorsal rays and continued downward to light under parts, the fifth across base of caudal. Some specimens are uniform brown or gray above, shading rather suddenly but evenly to the lighter below; others especially the smaller ones are mottled with white and the line on lower parts between the light and the dark is much broken up and irregular, sometimes the back and the top of head plentifully sprinkled with small dark spots; the rays of the dorsals, pectoral, and caudal are spotted with dark, making irregular lines across fins; anal and ventrals usually white; sometimes on the large specimens there are a few spots on the anal rays and the tips of the ventrals are dusky. Cottus hilgendorfi is certainly the same as Cotfus pollux. The only y in ove 268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. alleged difference is that the former is said to have D. VIIJ-17 (VIII- 18, in figure), instead of I[X—19, and that the ventrals reach to within an eye diameter of the vent. All these variations are represented among our specimens. Our very many specimens are from the Tana River at Tachikawa near Tokyo, from the Semida River at Tokyo, from the Kitakami River near Morioka, from the Kinu River at Utso- nomiya, from Niigata in Echigo, from the river at Aomori, and from Kamashiro. (pollu, a twin.) The following are the fin formule and localities of our specimens: > Tana River. Kitakami River. — Dorsal). = 2 oes ete VIII, 17 | VIII,18 ERP G IX, 18 TX, 17 | TX, 17 EXG 16) Valais VAT at Ses eee eae 129) 2 12 11 | 13 | 12 12 | Kitakami River. Semida River. | _ area 7 | == Dorsal, Sse see eee | Wiles | DX 17) Vil; 16 | IX, 16 EX, 17, | NW aloeleag ID.g 17 IX, 18 Amis eee nose > 13 12 12 | 12 12 | 13 12 13 | | | |r: poe ; 2 Aomori. Niigata. aoe ee eee a | ka aS eye 3 | OTSA ys a ores eeless Hers Toca 7pa aloe aI | ID ile) Wechaly Exe 1g | TX LO) | VDI) | exes 7 Iexeelia ATR eta eee nee | 13 13 | 12 1 13 12 2 12 | 13 | 13 | | 16. URANIDEA DeKay. Uranidea DeEKay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 1842, p. 61 (quiescens=gracilis) . This genus is very close to Cottus, from which it differs in the reduction of its ventrals to a concealed spine and 3 soft rays. The skin is smooth or very nearly so, the preopercular spine small, and there are usually no teeth on the palatines. Brook fishes, smaller in size than most of the species of Cottus, and with fewer ventral rays; the genus very doubtfully distinct. We refer to this genus, with some doubt, two Japanese species not represented in our collections. (ovpavos, sky; eidor, I looked, i. e., stargazer.) a eleadk3? sim) er xt bi) ONE 0 eee r rae oer eae ee ae rein, 18. aatead?2+ invlencthi: 2D eUNa 4S ete ee ee eee = eee eee dybowskii, 19. 18. URANIDEA REINII (Hilgendorf). Cottus reinii HitGenporr, Sitzungsbericht der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1879, p. 105; ‘‘ Yeso and South Nippon.”’ Head 34 in length, without caudal; depth of head 53. Dorsal IX, 17 to 20; anal 13 to 15; pectoral 13 to 16; ventral 1, 3. . Vomer toothed. Skin of head with raised points; over the pectoral are fine prickles; no spines on snout. Preopercle with 3 spines, the upper one simple and curved, the two lower ones directed forward; subopercle with a covered spine on the lower anterior edge. Lateral ey NO. 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 269 line complete. Front of anal somewhat farther from the tip of the snout than from the base of the caudal. Ventral reaches to anal. Spinous dorsal three-fourths as high as the soft dorsal. Gill mem- brane not continuous across isthmus. Diameter of eye somewhat less than length of snout, and somewhat greater than interorbital width. The maxillary reaches to somewhat behind the middle of the eye. Color chocolate brown with darker spots and several irregular cross- bars; fins with spots. Yeso and South Nippon; fresh water (Hilgen- dorf). ¢ (Named for Professor Rein.) 19. URANIDEA DYBOWSKII (Hilgendorf). Cottus dybowskii HitGenpor®, Sitz. der Gesell. natur. Freunde zu Berlin, 1879, p- 106; no locality named. Head 23 in length, without caudal; depth of head 34. Dorsal [X— JA; anal 7 (17%); pectoral 17; ventrals, 1, 2 (7%); lateral line 37. Vomer toothed. Nasal spines developed. Skin of head with papille; sides without prickles. Preopercle with 3 spines, the upper 2 directed backward; a smooth spine at the opercle, that on inter- opercle directed forward; superscapular with a spine. Front of anal nearer to the base of caudal than to tip of snout. Ventral not reaching to anal. Diameter of eye equal to length of snout; wider than the interorbital. The maxillary nearly reaches to the posterior edge of eye. | Color dark brown marbled with white; underside white; ventral and anal with dark; dorsal, pectoral, and. caudal with white bands; back with round light spots in color similar to that on belly. (Hilgen- dorf.) The locality of this species is not specified. (Named for Professor Dybowsky.) 17. RHEOPRESBE Jordan and Starks. Rheopresbe JORDAN and STarKs, new genus (fujiyam). This genus differs from Cottus and Trachidermus in haying the pectoral rays all branched; from Coftus in the flat depressed head with long postorbital portion; body not elevated anteriorly, and par- ticularly in the backward position of the anal and vent, which are well behind the middle of the entire length; ventrals not nearly reach- ing halfway from their base to front of anal. It differs from Z?ach- idermus in having the suborbital stay flat as in Coffus, the gill membranes widely joined to the isthmus, in not having ridges on top of head and in having top of head convex. Rivers of Japan, a large fish similar to Coffus in habit, but well distinguished by the branched rays of the pectoral. (pé@ to flow swiftly; 7péo fn, first born, in allusion to the Japanese ‘ name Takitaroo, first born of the Cataract.) 270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. 20. RHEOPRESBE FUJIYAM4Z®E Jordan and Starks, new species. TAKITAROO. « Head 3 in length without caudal; depth 6. Dorsal VII-15; anal 14; eye 53 in head; interorbital space 53; maxillary 21. Head and anterior part of body depressed, the body scarcely deeper than the head; upper profile of head very gently curved, nearly straight from dorsal to premaxillary processes, thence bluntly rounded to snout, jaws even. Mouth rather large; maxillary reach- ing to posterior margin of orbit; anterior end of premaxillary on a level with middle of eye. Teeth small cardiform; the band on man- dible moderate and widened but little anteriorly; that on premaxillary narrow at the side, rather wide anteriorly; teeth on vomer and pala- tines similar to those on jaws, in bands as wide as at front of premax- illary. Interorbital space wide, concave, and without ridges; top of head nearly flat, very slightly convex. Nasal spines acute, but not sharp; not projecting through the skin. Preopercle spine sharp and AWE FIG. 16.—RHEOPRESBE FUJIYAME. strongly hooked; 3 blunt spines below it, not projecting through the skin, the lowest hooked forward. Snout very slightly longer than eye; postorbital part of head 13 times combined length of snout and eye. Skin everywhere smooth. Pectoral rather broadly rounded behind, not reaching to opposite vent; it has 17 rays, all branched, the lower rays divided 3 or 4 times, the middle ones about 6 times; the fifth to seventh rays from the top the longest, 12 in head. Length of ventrals, 24 in length of head and 24 times in distance from their base to front of anal; they have one concealed spine and 4 rays. Origin of dorsal just behind a line drawn between tip of opercle flaps. Spinous dorsal low and rounded in outline, its second to fourth spines subequal in length, three-fifths of longest soft rays, which are equal to combined length of snout and eye. Dorsal and anal rays, except the first, 1 or 2 branched, their tips not divided over 2 or 3 times. Origin of anal midway between tips of caudal rays and middle of eye; anal ray from the fourth to within a couple of the last are subequal, their length 3$ in head. Caudal slightly rounded, its length 24 in head. « Taki, waterfall, tarod, firstborn. + 9. 1358, JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 271 Color, head and back dark brown, lighter on sides, belly white; a dark bar under the fourth to seventh dorsal ray running obliquely forward and downward toward front of anal; a similar one under last part of soft dorsal, and one across base of caudal; top of head mottled with small dark spots; lips dark brown, under parts of head dusky; dorsal spines dark brown, the membrane white, soiled with diffused dusky spots; the dorsal rays dark brown, with small light spots, causing light streaks obliquely across the rays, the membrane white. Caudal brown, with darker brown irregular cross streaks: anal white, each ray with 2 dark spots toward its tip; ventrals white. Our single specimen was presented by Professor Mitsukuri. It bears a label in Japanese saying, ** Locality unknown,” and also a label in English stating that it came from Odawara, a town on Sagami Bay, near the foot of the famous sacred mountain of Fuji or Fujiyama. It also says that the vernacular name is ‘*Takitaroo,” first born of the cataract. It is a female full of spawn and is 21 em. in length. The type is numbered 7706, Ichthyological Collections, Leland Stan- ford Junior University Museum. 18. MYOXOCEPHALUS (Steller) Tilesius. Myoxocephalus SvELLER MS., 1741. Myoxocephalus Titestus, Mém. Acad. Sci. Petersb., IV, 1811, p. 275 (stelleri). Acanthocottus GrRARD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., III, 1849, p. 185 (greenlandicus). Cottus Purnam, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., I, 1863, p. 3 (scorpius), not of Linnzeus. Boreocottus Giuu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 166 (axillaris). Body slender or robust, subfusiform, covered with thick skin, in which are sometimes embedded prickly plates; deciduous, granular, or stellate tubercles also sometimes present, but no true scales. Head large. Mouth terminal, large, the lower jaw always included, the uppermost the longer; villiform teeth on the jaws and vomer, none on the palatines; suborbital stay strong; preopercle with 2 strong straight spines above directed backward, and 1 below directed down- ward and forward; opercle, nasal bones, orbital rim, and shoulder girdle more or less armed; gill membranes forming a fold across the rather narrow isthmus; slit behind last gill small or wanting, if pres- ent, reduced to a mere pore; vertebre about 28. Branchiostegals mostly 6. Dorsal fins 2, separate, the first short, its spines rather slender; ventral rays I, 3; caudal fin moderate, fan-shaped; pectoral fin broad, its lower rays procurrent. Lateral line well developed, its tubes sometimes provided with bony or cartilaginous plates, never chain-like nor reduced to separated pores. Species numerous, in the seas of northern regions; coarse fishes, little valued as food. Nearly all of the Japanese species differ from those from the north in the absence of rough bony plates, even in specimens 15 inches long. (uvo0G0s, the dormouse; Kéegadn, head; the allusion not evident.) {oa | | : we te 979 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL, a a. Compressed tubercles or pointed spines over eye and at occiput; no filaments behind eye. b. Anal rays 12; second preopercular spine moderate. - --...polyacanthocephalus, 21. bb. Anal rays, 14; second preopercular-spine very short, not one-fourth length of upper; anal fin usually plain; head very long and flat; body with round, rough plates above: : 22 -2 duane ese See eet a oe ee ee jaok, 22. bbb. Anal rays, 18; second preopercular spine long, one-third or more length of upper; anal fin with 4 black crossbands; spines and ridges on top of head high and sharp; top of head sparsely covered with warts...........-- edomius, 23. aaa. No spines or tubercles over eye or occiput; a pair of postorbital filaments; pre- opercular spines 3. c. Ridges on head high and continuous; interorbital space and top of head deeply concave; lower parts with small white spots.........-...........- nivosus, 24. cc. Ridges on head scarcely developed; interorbital space shallowly concave; top of head evenly rounded from side to side; chin and throat with black and white MOT AMS Ae ES Be a ea ee Cae raninus, 25. 21. MYOXOCEPHALUS POLYACANTHOCEPHALUS (Pallas). Cottus polyacanthocephalus Pauas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., III, 1811, p. 133; Aleutian Islands; no definite locality.—GinrueEr, Cat.. II, p. 166.—Jorpan and GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 704. Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus JoRDAN and GriiBerT, U. 8. Fur Seal Comm., III, p. 463, pl. rx11; Unalaska, Robben I., St. Paul, Unga, ete.—Jorpan and Evermann, Fish. N. and M. Amer.. II, p. 1976. Fic. 17.—MYOXOCEPHALUS POLYACANTHOCEPHALUS. Head 23 in length; depth 44; D. LX or X-13 to 16; A. 11 to 13. Body rather elongate. Head long and narrow, somewhat compressed, concave between the orbits, the orbital rim being elevated; lower jaw included; nasal spines strong; a strong ridge above eye, with a blunt, compressed spine behind it; behind this a small digitate cluster of ridges ending in low spines; behind these an irregular, broken ridge on each side of the vertex, extending to the occiput; outside of this another ragged ridge; suborbital stay strong, striate; upper preoper- cular spine very long, straight, simple, striate at base, longer than eye; a similar but shorter spine below it, not one-half as long, and the usual downward-directed spine at lower edge of preopercle and sub- opercle; opercular spine moderate. Skin of top of head thin, with No. 1558. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 273 small, smooth warts, not hiding the occipital ridges; no cirri. Mouth rather large, the maxillary reaching beyond eye, one-half leneth of head; skin of body with some scattered, rough tubercles, usually nearly smooth. Dorsals not very high; dorsal spines slender; pec- torals reaching anal; ventrals moderate, I, 3. A minute pore usually present behind last gill, this sometimes wholly wanting. Lateral line complete. Dark olive above, much variegated with darker and reddish; belly mostly whitish; sides and belly (in males) with numer- ous blackish reticulations surrounding large white spots; jaws dusky, mottled with whitish; membrane joining maxillary to preorbital black, with round white spots in the adult, more or less plain in the young; fins, all but the ventrals, mottled and barred with blackish and yellow- ish. Length 1} to2}feet. Alaska to Kamchatka; abundant through- out Bering Sea, and southward along the islands to Puget Sound; one of the largest sculpins and. everywhere familiar to fishermen. Recorded from Robben Island, Unalaska, Bristol Bay, Chignik Har- bor, the Pribilof and Commander islands, and at Petropaulski. (zoduvs, many; aKkay da, spine; xedakn, head.) 22. MYOXOCEPHALUS JAOK (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Cottus jaok Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 172; Kamchatka (Coll. Pallas; specimen in Mus. Berl. called Cottus scorpius by Pallas).—Ginruer, Cat., II, 1860, p. 165.—Jorpan and GiLBert, Synopsis Fish. N. Amer., 1883, p. 705. Myoxocephalus jaok JorpDAN and GiLpert, Rept. Fur Seal Comm. for 1896-97, 1899, p. 462; Petropaulski, Robben Island.—JorpAN and EverMAnn, Fish N. and M. Amer., II, 1898, p. 1977.—Scuorietp, Rept. Fur Seal Comm., ITI, 1898, p. 499; Port Clarence; Grantley Harbor. Cottus humilis Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IV, 1881, p. 149; Chamisso Island, Bering Straits (Coll. T. H. Bean); D. X, 16; A. 13.—Jorpan and GILBERT, Synopsis Fish. N. Amer., 1883, p. 705; St. Michael, Eschscholtz Bay, Point Belcher. ) Cottus polyacanthocephalus Kner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LVIIT, 1868, p. 21, pl. ry, fig. 11; Decastris Bay; not of Pallas. Cottus teniopterus BEAN and Bran, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 384; not of Kner. D: VIIL to X-15 to 17; A. 13 to 15 (usually D. IX-16; A. 14). This species has a very slender body and an extremely wide, flat head, the latter strikingly triangular when viewed from aboye, on account of the regular way in which it tapers toward the snout. ‘The species is further distinguished by possessing but 9 dorsal spines and by the presence in the adult of an irregular series of circular spinous plates above the lateral line, these plates wanting in very young individuals. They begin to make their appearance in specimens 6 inches long, and are invariably present in larger specimens. In adults, the region below the lateral line contains strong spinous prickles mostly con- cealed in the skin and directed backward. Some of the anterior ones 274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIT._ may be broader and may have more than one point, but none is cireu- | lar with a rosette of short spinous points, as is the case with the dorsal _ series. Lower jaw included; top of head covered with small warts;_ scapular spine short and sharp; humeral spine obscure; upper pre- opercular spine very long, nearly as long as eye, low, sharp, 3 times leneth of next spine, not quite reaching tip of opercular spine. Occipital crests long, gently converging behind, suddenly diverging near their posterior ends. Distance from supraorbital to occipital tubercle 1} times the distance between the 2 supraorbital tubercles (the 2 measurements about equal in JZ. polyacanthocephalus); 2 or 3 low digitate ridges behind supraocular spine; a sharp ethmoidal ridge extends backward from level of small spines to above front of pupils. mouth very large, the maxillary extending to posterior border of eye; the pore always present behind last gill arch; spinous dorsal low, the interval between dorsals unusually long; fins moderate; pectoral barely reaching anal; ventrals not to vent. Color olive grayish, mottled with darker, paler than in related species; back with 4 dark cross bands, made up of blackish spots; lower side of head and belly plain white; membrane of upper jaw unspotted; fins, all except the ventrals, with oblique dark bars, fainter than in most species. Inv the adult, the dark cross bands break up into sharply defined black spots, with vermiculating blotches and lines which closely cover the back. Length 12 to 18 inches. (Jordan and Gilbert.) Bering Sea, shallow water; everywhere common on both coasts, extending into the Arctic and south to the Amur River and Unalaska. Our speci- mens from Unalaska, Bristol Bay, Petropaulski, Robben Reef, Port Clarence, and Grantley Harbor; one of the most characteristic fishes” of Bering Sea. (jaok, the vernacular name in Kamchatka.) 23. MYOXOCEPHALUS EDOMIUS Jordan and Starks, new species. Head 24 in length, without caudal; depth 53. Dorsal VIII or [X— 14 to 16; anal 13. Lateral line 41. Eye 5% in head; interobital 74; snout 32; maxillary 21; upper preopercular spine 5; pectoral 14; first dorsal spine 44; third dorsal spine 33; longest dorsal rays 23; longest anal rays 32; ventral-23; caudal 2. Head and anterior part of body depressed; body round posteriorly, nowhere compressed. Interorbital space uniformly concave, a very slight median ridge anteriorly. Mouth large; lower jaw included; maxillary reaching to under posterior orbital margin. Very small conical teeth in bands on jaws and vomer; the band on mandible not widened anteriorly; the vomerine patch rather strongly curved, the greatest width across is greater than the vertical diameter of eye, scarcely equal to horizontal diameter. Nasal spines strong Ridges on each side of vertex high and rather broken up, converging back- = 5 ard and ending 3 strong ae kw aad aaeeied spines, which are igher than the ridges, though not so high as the ocular spines. Out- ‘side of this ridge is a shorter ragged ridge. The highest spines on top of head are the ocular spines, just over posterior fourth of orbit: a SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. bo 7 . they are much higher than in Jf. polyacanthocephalus. Digitate spines all directed backward, the anterior part of ridge behind eye forming one, inside of which there is a very small one, and outside 2 small ones. Post-temporal spine long and sharp, not reaching to end of opercular flap; humeral spine shorter, in a line with opercular spine. Opercle with a strong ridge ending in a sharp spine. Lower anterior end of subopercle with a small but very acute spine directed backward and downward. Preopercular spine long, straight and strong, nearly reaching to edge of gill opening; the spine below it not half so lone; the usual downward-directed spine at lower edge ot preopercle, above which the edge of preopercle is straight and smooth without a trace of Fie. 18.—MYOXOCEPHALUS EDOMIUS. afourth spine. Suborbital stay keeled. Top of head sparsely cov- ered with conspicuous warts, which do not at all obscure the spines or ridges. Skin entirely naked and with no trace of plates. Depressed spinous dorsal just reaches to first dorsal ray. Soft dor- sal highest anteriorly, the rays growing only slightly lower backward. Tips of last anal and dorsal rays on the same vertical. Pectorals rather broadly rounded, reaching’ to opposite front of soft dorsal. Ventrals reaching a little over half the distance from their base to front of anal. Gaudal truncate. Color light brown above, without bars or stripes; lower parts white; lower lip dusky, under part of head otherwise white; spinous dorsal with some dusky mottling in front and behind; soft dorsal dusky with transparent spots regularly placed indicating cross bars; caudal crossed with 2 or 3 rather wide, wavy dark bands; anal white, partly crossed by 4 black spots; ventrals white. i . 7? 27 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. xxvm. © This species is nearest to J/. “polyacanthio ephalus of Kamchatka and | Alaska, but differs in color; in having much higher, sharper ridges and spines on top of head, a larger eye, and in the more scattered warts on head. This description is taken from the type which was collected at the Aino village of Edomo, near Mororan. 52 NO. 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 285 blunt, not nearly reaching as far as long opercular flap. Suborbital stay scarcely keeled, but produced in a rounded ridge. Top of head comparatively rather sparsely covered with very hard warts. Skin everywhere naked, with no trace of plates anywhere. No slit behind last gill. Spinous dorsal when depressed does not reach to first ray of soft dorsal. Soft dorsal high and short. Last rays of dorsal and anal slightly adnate to body, the latter at base only; tips last rays on the same vertical. Pectoral broadly rounded, the rays just below the third or fourth from the top the longest, reaching to opposite tips of last dorsal spines when depressed. Ventrals reaching half the distance from their base to front of anal. Caudal truncate, or very slightly rounded when spread, a little concave when partly closed. Color very light, slaty brown on back and upper part of sides; white below; a dark cross band on back under posterior end of spinous dorsal, and one under each end of soft dorsal; a dark bar at base of caudal and one across caudal toward posterior end, leaving a broad white margin at tips of rays; head light, somewhat mottled; no bars from eyes; lips with alternate white and light dusky spots; underpart of head and belly white; spinous dorsal with an irregular large, dusky blotch at each end; soft dorsal with 2 or 3 dusky, irregular, oblique cross bands; upper part of pectoral mottled with white spots on a dusky ground, which changes to light and dark crossbars below; anal white, crossed by 2 dusky, oblique bands; ventrals white. This species somewhat resembles Iyoxocephalus verrucosus and JM. jaok, but may be known at once by the lack of plates on body and by the presence of four preopercular spines. The above description from the type, which was taken at Hakodate by Jordan and Snyder. It is 30 cm. in length. Three cotypes were taken at the same locality. The type is numbered 7709 Ichthyological Collections, Leland Stan- ford Junior University Museum. Cotypes are 50921 U.S.N.M. (ensiger, sword bearing.) 21. POROGOTTUS Gill, Porocottus Giut, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 166 (quadrifilis) . This genus is near Myovrocephalus, differing in the presence of 4 preopercular spines, the uppermost hooked upward. Lower jaw included. Lateral line modified, giving off pairs of divergent branches with pores at their ends. Cirri present above eye and on nape. Northern Pacific. (z0pos, pore; Cottus.) 286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. 30. POROCOTTUS TENTACULATUS (Kner). Coltus tentaculatus Kner, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LVIII, 1868, p. 22, pl. vy, fig. 12; ‘‘Singapore;’’ evidently an error. (No. 5591a Wien. Mus. )—Jorpan and EverMAnn, Fish. N. and M. Amer., II, 1898, p. 2900; after Kner. Head 34. D. V1-16 or 17; A. 140r15; V..1, 13, B. 140r 15, Head small, mouth small, the lower jaw included; eye large, 3 in head, longer than snout; interorbital space channel-like, less than one-half diameter of eye; a sharp spine before each eye, on which is a fringed tentacle; supraocular ridge ending ina blunt, forked, bony knob, on which is a small thread-like tentacle; the quadrangular interspace between these two sets of tentacles is excavated; preopercular spine long, curved upward, two-thirds diameter of eye; the second spine much shorter and turned backward; 2 spines lower, turned downward; suboperele with a spine turned downward; a similar one on opercle; maxillary reaching to middle of eye; lower jaw with large pores. Dorsal fins low, the rays flexible, the two close together; ventrals reaching vent; pectorals past beginning of anal. Skin of body wholly naked; lateral line complete, bending downward on caudal peduncle. Color clear brown, darker above, the head above with a few large dark-brown spots, which form obscure bands, 1 of these from front of eye across upper lip, second broader from eye across subopercle; lower jaw speckled; throat and breast plain yellowish; back with about 6 dark cross bands, those most anterior the broadest; sides of body with a network of brown streaks around pale spots; a large bright yellow spot at base of caudal; fins all finely spotted with whitish and dotted with dark, the caudal with 5 or 6 dark cross bands; pectorals faintly barred. (Kner.) A single specimen, 2 inches long, said to be from Singapore, which is of course an error. It probably came from the Pacific coast of Asia, perhaps from Yezo or Decastris Bay. (tentaculatus, having tentacles. ) 22, ARGYROCOTTUS Herzenstein. Argyrocottus HERzENsTEIN, Mélanges Biol. Ac. Imp. Sci., XIII, 1892, p. 219; St. Petersbure. Spinous dorsal short; ventrals extremely long, their tips extending beyond front of anal fin; gill membranes scarcely united to the isth- mus, forming a broad fold across it, no slit behind the last gill; teeth on the yvomer, none on the palatines; skin entirely naked, without scales or bony plates; preopercles with 3 small spines. North Pacific. (apyupos, silver; Cottus.) No. 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. bo | OO | ~Y 31. ARGYROCOTTUS ZANDERI Herzenstein. Argyrocoltus zanderi Herzensretn, Mélanges Biol. Ac. Imp. Sci., XIII, 1892, p- 219; Korsakow, Sakhalin. (Type No. 9679, Mus. St. Petersburg. Coll. Dr. Zander. )—Jorpan and Gitpert, Fish. Bering Sea, in Rept. Fur Seal Invest. for 1896-97, II1, 1899, p. 460, pl. Lx; Iturup Island.—Jorpan and EverMANN, Fish. N. and M. Amer., II, 1898, p. 1995; Iturup Island. Head 34; depth 48. D.VIII-15; A. 13; P. 14; V.3; C. 18; lateral line with 35 tubes. Eye 33 in length of head; interorbital space 13 in eye; 2 well-developed crests at the vertex; maxillary reaching middle of eye; lower jaw slightly projecting; 2 anal spines; 3 small spines on preopercle, the upper half as long as the eye, turned upward, the others directed downward; longest dorsal spine one-half length of head; pectoral reaching ninth ray of soft dorsal; ventrals reaching to the next to the last ray of anal. Color brownish, dark above, with numerous silvery spots bordered with darker, a silvery Fig. 24.—ARGYROCOTTUS ZANDERI. stripe from below the eye to the base of the lower jaw; another from eye to angle of preopercle; a row of 6 large irregular spots along mid- dle of sides, many smaller ones below these; 2 smaller irregular spots behind these; a bell-shaped spot with a point directed upward on the belly between the ventrals; the first dorsal with its upper margin blackish, with milk-white spots dotted with black; a transparent spot at base of fourth and sixth rays; a small transparent spot near base of fourth ray; another behind sixth; about these spots the coloration is darker; soft dorsal almost uniformly dark; anal colorless, its border dark, with 2 or 3 dark spots on each ray; caudal uniformly dusky, the upper and lowerrays blackish, with clear spots; ventral with darker cross streaks; pectorals with dark ringsandstreaks. Ventral in female probably much shorter than in male, the color less marked. Three specimens of this beautifully marked Cottoid taken in Shana Bay, Iturup Island, show the following characters: The branchiostegal membranes are widely joined across the throat, narrowly united in 288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXVII front of the middle line of isthmus, with a rather wide free margin behind; lateral line without plates; nasal spines small; 4 short spines on preopercular margin. These specimens answer well to the detailed description of the type, but are still more ornate, in that they possess along the back a number of broad dark bars alternating with lighter bars, the former confluent below, with the ground color of the sides. In the largest specimen, 7 em. long, the ventral fins extend only to base of third anal ray. There are no tubercles on the rays, and the membranes extend nearly to tips of the 2 outer rays, and two-thirds length of the inner ray. The ventral spine is slender, nearly as long as the inner ray, and is firmly adnate to outer ray. The smaller specimens are, respectively, 4 em. and 3.5 cm. long, the ventrals reaching in one to front of anal, in the other to vent; fins are finely cross barred, more variegated than in the type. (Jordan and Gilbert.) Known only from Sakhalin Island, 1 specimen 92 mm. long (Herzen- stein), and Iturup Island, where 3 specimens were obtained by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross in 1896; our description from the latter. (Named for its discoverer, Dr. Zander.) 23. ZS Tt IG Mie Sed Ordena cn Geek ener cura tale Zesticelus JoRDAN and EverMANN, Check-List Fishes, 1896, p. 443 (profundorum). Deep-sea sculpins, closely allied to Porocottus, but with the skeleton little developed, the head soft and spongy, filled with mucous channels, the skin perfectly smooth, the lateral line reduced to a series of sepa- rate open pores, the vertical fins few-rayed and weak. Preopercular spine slender, curved upward. Deep seas; 2 species known; probably degraded from Porocottus, the soft skeleton and feeble structure being results of deep-sea life. (Ceotos, sott-boiled; /celus, a son of the god of sleep.) 32. ZESTICELUS BATHYBIUS (Gunther). Cottus bathybius GUNTHER, Rept. Fishes Challenger, 1887, p. 62, pl. x, fig. C; off Tokyo. This species is thus described by Dr. Giinther: D.5 to 10; A. 7; P. 17, V. 3. The preoperculum is very strongly armed. There are twospines arising from the same root at the angle, one in front of the other, the posterior being longer than the eye; three other shorter spines along the lower edge of the preoperculum; operculum with a small spine at its antero-inferior angle. A pair of spines on the occiput behind a deep depression occupying nearly the whole of the vertex. Eyes longer than the snout, close together. Minute teeth on the vomer, but none on the palatine bones. Tail much attenuated. Pectoral fin extending beyond the origin of anal; ventrals not reaching the vent. Second dorsal fin higher than first; length of the caudal two-fifths of that of the body (without head). Muciferous system much developed, opening by wide pores along the lower jaw, the preoperculum, the infraorbital ring and the lateral line. Grayish- brown; throat and all the fins black. ? NO. 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 289 Habitat.—South of Yeddo, Japan, Station 235; depth 565 fathoms. One specimen, 23 inches long. A small specimen from off Misaki was seen in one of the museums in Tokyo, but our notes in regard to,it are mislaid. / , ar (Badvs, deep; 20s, living.) 2A iCOnawNeCULUwUS Collett: Cottunculus CoLLETT, Norges Fiske, 1875, p. 20 (microps). Body tadpole-shaped, the head extremely large, the body tapering rapidly from the shoulders to the slender tail; mouth rather large, terminal, oblique, the jaws about equal; yilliform teeth in the jaws; a double patch on yvomer; no teeth on the palatines; no spines on the head, the tubercular surface of the skull covered by skin; skull thin, its bones not firm. Gills 33, no slit behind the last arch; gill mem- Fig. 25.—COTTUNCULUS BREPHOCEPHALUS. branes broadly joined to the isthmus, their union extending to above the lower edge of the base of the pectorals. Pseudobranchizx very small; no cirri, scales, or prickles; the skin thin and movable, smooth, or roughened with small warts. Spinous dorsal little developed, the 2 fins usually continuous; spines very slender, flexible, embedded in the skin; pectorals short, procurrent below; ventrals very short, well separated, their rays I, 3: caudal rounded. Deeper parts of tbe Atlantic. (A diminutive of Cottus.) 33. COTTUNCULUS BREPHOCEPHALUS ” Jordan and Starks. Head 24 in length without caudal; depth 34. Dorsal VI-16; anal 12. Kye 43 in head; maxillary 24. This species may be known by the absence of blunt spines and by the coloration. “This species is described in detail and figured in the Proceedings of the U. 8. National Museum, XX VI, 1903, p. 689. 290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. The type was dredged by the ao Fish Comunnaee steamer Albatross in Suruga Bay in 94 fathoms, Station 3704. It is 13 em. in length, and bears the number 50591, U.S.N.M. (6pédos, baby: cedahn, head, from its resemblance in feature to the shaven-fronted babies (kishibozu) in Japan. 25. GYMNOCANTHUS Swainson. Gymnocanthus SwAINson, Class. Fish., ete., II, 1839, p. 271 (ventralis). Phobetor KroyeER, Naturh. Tidschr., I, 1844, p. 263 (tricuspis). Elaphocottus SauvaGrE, Nouy. Arch. Mus. Paris, (2), I, 1878, p. 142 (pistilliger). Body slender or robust, subfusif6rm, covered with thick skin in which are sometimes embedded prickly plates; deciduous, granular, or stellate tubercles also sometimes present, but no true scales. Head large; mouth terminal, large, the lower jaw always included, the uppermost the longer; villiform teeth on Jaws, none on palatines or vomer; suborbital stay strong; preopercle with + spines, the upper very strong and armed above with 2 to 5 antler-like processes; opercle nasal bones, orbital rim, and shoulder girdle more or less armed; gill membranes forming a fold across the rather narrow isthmus; slit behind last gill small or wanting, if present reduced toa mere pore; vertebre about 28. Branchiostegals mostly 6. Dorsal fins 2, separate, the first short, its spines rather slender; ventral rays I, 3; caudal fin moderate; pectoral fin broad, its lower rays procurrent. Lateral line well devel- oped, its tubes sometimes provided with bony or cartilaginous plates. (yupvos, naked; akavda.) a. Interorbital space not armed with bony plates; pectoral fin with fringes on the inner side of the raya: ey Dy Xe 4: SA SIG seat ga ere eee pistilliger, 34 aa. Interorbital space armed with bony plates; no fringes on pectoral. Bis Wis Te Oe RS OU ALS ye ree ate eee eae intermedius, 35. bb. D. Xo or XIAW; A, 18;smouthiverylarce aye ae ee merzensteini, 36. 34. GYMNOCANTHUS PISTILLIGER (Pallas). Cottus pistilliger PALLAs, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., III, 1811, p. 43; Unalaska.—Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1V, 1829, p. 193.—Ginrner, Cat., I, 1860, p. 167. 2 Cottus ventralis Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., [V, 1829, p. 194; Kamchatka (Coll. Mr. ¢ vollée, type in Brit. Mus. ).—Ginrner, Cat., I, 1860, JOS) IS, Coltus cephaloides Gray, in Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1V, 1829, p- 194; Kamchatka. (Type of C. ventralis. ) Elaphocottus pistilliger SsuvaGrE, Nouy. Archiv. Mus., 1878, p. 142. Gymnocanthus pistilliger eunea Rept. U. S. Fish Comm., 1893 (1896), p. 424.— ScorieELD, Rept. Fur Seal Comm., III, 1898, p. 503; Grantley Harbor— JORDAN and EVERMANN, a N. and M. Amer., II, 1898, p. 2006—JorDAN and Giipert, Rept. U. 8. Fur Seal Comm., III, 1898, p. 460; Petropaulski, Robben Island, Bristol ne Kyska, Point Beloher, Cape Tchaplins, Bering Island. D. IX-14; A. 16. The dorsal fins are widely separated, the inter- space equal to one-half or more than one-half the diameter of the No. 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 291 _ pupil. The vertebree 12 + 24. An obtuse prominence above hinder margin of orbit bears in young individuals a slender cirrus, which frequently disappears in adults. Behind the eye a continuous occipital ridge bears 3 smaller bony prominences, the first immediately behind the eye, the second and third approximated at posterior end of ridge; these bear no cirri. In males the post axial region is furnished with a number of very slender filaments, each of which is expanded at tip into a compressed frond-like lamina, having the free edge more or less - laciniate or fringed. ‘These expanded tips are bright white and very conspicuous. No trace of them is present in females, but they develop in males at a very early age. These agree with the structures described by Pallas, on which he based the name pist////ger. The upper preopercular spine is sharply bifurcate in even our smallest specimens (50 mm.), but in these no trace of a second medial upwardly Fic. 26.—GYMNOCANTHUS PISTILLIGER directed spine is present. The latter is evident in specimens 70 mm. and more in length, and a small concealed prominence representing a third spine is exceptionally present. No trace of slit behind last gill. Very young examples show no groups of granulations on head or nape, these being usually wanting in specimens less than 100 mm. long. In older examples they are variously developed, the degree of arma- ture dependent neither on age nor sex. They are never armed on interorbital space, the granulations being confined to the occipital and nuchal regions, with an additional elongate patch on the upper part of the opercle. In highly developed males the dorsal and ventral rays are accompanied with series of tubercles. The color is brown above, with very narrow vermiculating lines of lighter; a black blotch on cheek, more conspicuous in males, and + inconspicuous cross bars on back; the darker dorsal area is bounded below lateral line by an a 292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. a ee irregular series of dark streaks or blotches. In males, the lower jaw and preopercle is cross-banded with black and light yellow; the abdo- men, lower half of sides in front of anus, and prepectoral region, with large roundish white spots, separated by vermiculating areas, rendered dusky by aggregations of coarse black dots; ventrals dusky and sil- very, the latter frequently forming cross bands; spinous dorsal dusky or black, with irregular series of white spots not confined to basal parts of fin. In both sexes the pectorals, second dorsal, and caudal are translucent or yellowish, crossed by narrow black bars. The females are more numerous than the males in our collection, but the disparity in number is not so great as has been found by other writers. In 45 specimens examined as to this, 17 are males, 28 females. Among specimens obtained at Petropaulski and at the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross station 3646, off Robben Island, in 18 fathoms, no males are included. (Gilbert.) Coasts of Alaska; taken abundantly in Bristol Bay in 43 to 26 fathoms, and about Robben Island and the coast of Kamchatka. (pistilla, pistil; gero, 1 bear; in allusion to the axillary papillae of the male.) 35. GYMNOCANTHUS INTERMEDIUS (Schlegel). Cottus intermedius SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1843, p. 38; coast of Jezo.— GtnrTHeEr, Cat. Fish, I], 1860, p. 167; copied. Gymnocanthus intermedius GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1898, 1896, p. 424. Cottus filamentosus SauvaGE, Rev. Mag. Zool., II, 1875, p. 279; Hawaiian Islands (by error). Head 2f in length without caudal; depth 45. Dorsal IX or X—-14 or 15; anal 15; lateral line 37. Eye 4 in head; interorbital space (bone) 11; snout 4; maxillary 232. Upper profile of head straight and gently sloping from dorsal to eye, thence rounded to front of eye and slanting straight and steep at snout. Interorbital concave, shallow, without ridges or channels. Top of head concave between a pair of slight rounded ridges that run back from each eye. Suborbital stay rather prominent. Lower jaw included; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye, or varying from that point to below posterior margin of pupil. Very small conical sharp teeth on jaws; the bands wider in front; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Angle of preopercle with a long sharp spine, which reaches just past edge of opercle; above it bears 3 or 4 sharp antler-like processes. Edge of preopercle below with 3 moderate, sharp spines of about equal size; the upper one directed downward and backward, the other two directed downward and forward. Nasal spines well developed. Over posterior margin of eye is a blunt tubercle which bears a rather large simple tentacle. Top of head without bony tubercles as in G. pestilliger. A prominent sharp humeral spine just above base of pectoral. : Sees No. 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 993 Lateral line with concealed bony plates. A very few scattered ctenoid plates behind pectoral base present in both sexes. No axil- lary tentacles. Top of head with close set, rough. plates, which usu- ally extend between eyes nearly to nasal spines; no plates on upper part of preopercle or opercle. Third dorsal spine the highest, 1 in head in females, in males 12; the first spine 2} in females; 1} in males; the spines behind the fourth rapidly decrease in length, so that the posterior border of the fin is nearly vertical; the last spine one-third eye in length. Dorsals sepa- rated by an interval equal to that between spines at base. Soft dorsal lower than spinous; the longest rays 24 in head in female, 2 in male; the last ray is not adnate; tips of last rays do not reach nearly so far back as those of anal, which do not reach nearly to base of caudal; pectoral with 19 rays, 3 or 4 below the third are the longest; they reach to above base of fourth anal ray in the female and are 1! in head; in the male they reach to above fifth or sixth anal ray and are equal to the head’s length. The inner ray of the ventral is the longest; it reaches to the vent in the female, to the base of the seventh anal ray in the male. Caudal almost imperceptibly concave when the fin is closed, truncate or slightly convex when spread; its length is 14 in the female, 12 in the male. Color slaty, profusely spotted with small, irregular dark spots, with or without obscure cross bars; when present there is 1 under middle of spinous dorsal, 2 under soft dorsal, and 1 halfway across caudal peduncle; lower part of sides and belly white; a large black blotch occupies cheek below suborbital stay; opercle below preopercle spine black; membrane between upper branchiostegal rays dark, the rays white; spinous dorsal dark and irregularly mottled, or with a couple of transparent oblique streaks; soft dorsal transparent and with 2 or 3 conspicuous black streaks obliquely across the rays; pectoral white, crossed toward posterior end with 3 or + nearly vertical black streaks: caudal white, crossed with 3 or 4 curved black bands: ventrals and anal white. The following color was taken from a fresh specimen: Olive, finely mottled with brown, salmon red shades on sides; fins barred; the dorsal, anal, caudal, and pectoral washed with salmon red, brightest on pectoral and caudal; ventral white, faintly barred with salmon; lower side of head more or less yellow. Here described from specimens from 18 to 22 cm. in length from Hakodate. This species may be known from @. p/st////ger by the longer, better armed preopercle spine, the wider and shallower interorbital space which is rough with plates, the absence of axial tentacles or fringes on inner side of pectoral rays, the absence of bony tubercles on top of head, and by the presence of the superorbital tentacle in all ages. 294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Specimens were taken at Hakodate, Same, and Otaru. A small specimen from Hokkaido (858 in his preliminary catalogue) was received from Ishikawa. Dr. Sauvage describes a species of Gymnocanthus from the impos- sible locality of the Hawaiian Islands. It is probably based on a Japanese specimen of Gynmocanthus intermedius. D. IX-16; A. 13; P. 15. No teeth on vomer. Two strong spines at the end of the snout; no spines at the orbit; space between the eyes concave, very narrow; nape rounded, without spines or tubercles. A strong bifid preopercular spine. Gill openings separated by an isthmus. Lateral line almost straight. Color yellowish, maculate, with small black spots; a black band at the base of the caudal; fins with black lines, formed of small points. (Sauvage. ) The mixing of Japanese and Hawatian species in collections has fre- quently occurred, as most steamers bound from San Francisco to Japan stop at Honolulu. 36. GYMNOCANTHUS HERZENSTEINI Jordan and Starks, new species. Head 22 in leneth without caudal; depth 43 to 5. Dorsal X or XI- : I 17; anal 18: lateral line 40. Eye 4% to 4$ in head; interorbital width Fig, 27.—GYMNOCANTHUS HERZENSTEINI. 10; snout 34; maxillary 24. Length of fin rays of female: first dorsal spine 21 in head; third spine 2; ninth spine 43; last spine 8; fourth dorsal ray 2%; middle pectoral rays 13; ventrals 2; caudal 24. Fin rays of male: first dorsal spine 2; third spine 1}; ninth spine 23; last spine 7$; fourth dorsal ray 24; pectoral 12; ventrals 13; caudal 14. Head and body everywhere about as deep as wide; body round in section; head flat or slightly concave above, the sides joining at an angle; snout steep. Mouth large, the maxillary reaching to below posterior orbital rim; interorbital shallow, concave, without ridges or channels. Lower jaw the shorter. Sharp conical teeth in bands on jaws; the band on lower jaw narrow, not widened in front; much wider in front on premaxillary; vomer and palatines toothless. Angle of preopercle with a long stout spine, not reaching edge of opercle, armed aboye with 3 sharp anther-like processes; lower edge of NO. 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 295 preopercle with 3 sharp subequal spines, the upper one directed downward and backward, the middle one downward, and the lower one hooked forward. Nasal spines well developed. On top of head from eye running backward is a low, rounded ridge, which is scarcely broken, though shows slight indications of tubercles. Over posterior margin of eye is a prominent blunt tubercle which does not bear a tentacle. Top of head thickly covered with rough bony plates which extend forward on interorbital space to front of eye. Similar plates on opercle, top of preopercle and on cheek behind eye. Humeral spine very short and blunt, not nearly so long as in Gf. intermedius. Lateral line with concealed bony plates. A few rough scattered plates behind pectoral base much more numerous and regular in the male than in the female; no axial tentacles. Middle dorsal spines the longest; spinous dorsal rather high in front, the spines growing rapidly shorter behind the middle in the female, holding their length nearly to the last in the male. Dorsals well separated. Soft dorsal highest anteriorly, the rays growing gradually shorter posteriorly; the last ray not adnate; tips of the last rays not reaching so far posteriorly as do those of anal, which do not reach to within a diameter of the eye of the base of the caudal. Pee- torals with 19 rays, its posterior outline broadly rounded, reaching to above base of second anal ray in the female, to above fourth anal ray in the male. Middle ventral ray the longest, not reaching vent in female, reaching past vent nearly to anal in male. Caudal rather deeply concave, even when fin is spread; the outer rays half the diameter of the eye longer than the middle ones. Color nearly uniform light slaty brown above, in spirits, without spots or crossbars, changing abruptly to silvery white just below middle of sides; a diffused dusky blotch on cheek; membrane behind maxillary dark slate-color; branchiostegals dusky in male; silvery white in female; spinous dorsal with 3 black or dark brown bands following the upper outline of the fin, the upper one bordering the upper edge; posteriorly the bands are broken; in the female they are narrow and diffused, and in the male they are broad, conspicuous, and wider than the white interspaces; similar bands on soft dorsal showing the same modifications in both sexes, but running obliquely downward and backward; 2 dark cross bands on caudal; 3 and the beginning of a fourth vertical dark cross bands on pectoral, wider on male; anal and ventrals white in female; the former with an indistinct dusky longitudinal band in male. In life the body is largely cherry-red, the pectorals golden, with whitish tips and black bands bordered with bright orange; maxillary orange; chin and belly white; orange bars on back; a brick-red band across top of head, 296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. This species may be known from (@. ¢ntermed/us, which it most resembles. by the increased number of fin rays, the longer maxillary (longer than in any of the known northern Pacific forms) and by the shorter humeral spine, and by many minor characters. Two specimens, a male and a female, were taken by Jordan and Snyder at Hakodate. The male is the type; it is 26 cm. in length and is numbered 7710, Ichthyological Collections, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. (Named for the late Dr. Solomon Herzenstein, of St. Petersburg, in recognition of his excellent work on the fishes of the Hokkaido.) 26. CROSSIAS Jordan and Starks. Crossias JORDAN and STARKS, new genus (allis/). This genus is related to Pseudoblennius and Bero, probably closer to the latter. It differs from them in having 3 ventral rays; no pala- tine teeth; a single pair of multifid flaps on top of head behind orbital flaps; the tip of each dorsal spine fringed with cirri; and in having no external intromittent organ. Lateral line pores arranged in pairs above and below main sensory canal, which is not protected by con- cealed plates, and does not form a double curve anteriorly. Japan. (Kpooods, fringes.) 37- CROSSIAS ALLISI Jordan and Starks, new species. Head 24 in length without caudal; depth 3%. Dorsal VII-16 or 17; anal 13; lateral line 34; eye 4! in head; interorbital width 7; snout 4; maxillary 23; height of caudal peduncle 44. Body not much compressed; behind head the width is four-fifths of the depth. Snout not very steep. Mouth little oblique; the upper jaw the longer; the anterior end of the maxillary on a level with the lower margin of eye or a little below; the maxillary reaches pos- teriorly to below the middle of eye. Small villiform teeth in bands on Jaws and yomer; none on palatines; the yvomerine patch rather short and but slightly curved; the bands widened in front on Jaws. Interorbital space narrow and concave. Nasal spines well developed, although scarcely protruding through skin. A moderate spine at angle of preopercle but slightly hooked; below it a smaller triangular spine; next below a very small, blunt tubercle; lower anterior edge with a small spine directed forward. A multifid superorbital flap divided to its base into 5 or 6 parts; and a similar one at posterior end of parietal region. Skin everywhere naked; no rough plates behind axil. Lateral line a nearly straight main tube, unprotected by concealed plates, only slightly curved anteriorly, and not undulating; very short branches above and below, opposite to each other and ending in small pores. The tip of each dorsal spine fringed with 5 or 6 tentacles. Spinous 7 t No. 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. 297 mae dorsal rather low; the third spine the highest, though but little higher than the second and fourth, its length 44 in head. The dorsals very slightly connected at extreme base. Soft dorsal much higher than spinous; the longest rays 24 in head; the last ray adnate to caudal peduncle; its tip reaches well beyond that of last anal ray, but scarcely to above base of caudal rays. Anal lower than soft dorsal, its longest rays 3 in head. Pectoral with 15 rays, the longest the sixth from the top; it barely reaches past front of anal, and is equal to length of head. Ventral with a concealed spine and 3 soft rays, the middle ray the longest; the others equal; its tip does not reach quite to vent. Caudal somewhat rounded. Color brownish on sides and upper parts, white below; 5 dark spots on back above lateral line; 1 under spinous dorsal, 3 under soft dorsal and 1 on caudal peduncle; these sometimes conspicuous, some- times so broken up and mixed in with the general mottling of the FIG. 25.—CROSSIAS ALLISI. back and sides as to be obscure; dark brown of lower part of sides with many round light spots cut into it, these unpigmented or milk white; a white spot at base of middle caudal rays; obscure bars radiate from eye, 1 to each side of snout, 1 across end of maxillary, and 1 down and back across cheek; spinous dorsal irregularly mottled; soft dorsal nearly uniform light dusky showing faint traces of mottlings; each ray of anal with 5 or 6 dark conspicuous points, so wide apart as searcely to form lines across fin, but giving fin a uniform spotted appearance; pectoral dusky above, lower rays light; a dark blotch at base of middle rays and sometimes a dark dot on base ot lower rays; ventrals colorless or sometimes with faint cross lines; caudal with faint dusky, wavy cross lines. Here described from the type and a cotype from Hakodate, 75 mm. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03 20 298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVI and 68 mm. in length. NO. 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. B01 (Named for Dr. Peter Schmidt, of St. Petersburg, who collected in Japan and Siberia in 1900.) 28. ELAPHICHTHYS Jordan and Starks. Elaphichthys JorDAN and Srarks, new genus (elongatus). This genus differs from Gymnocanthus and Cottiusculus in having teeth on vomer and palatines, in having but 2 ventral rays, and in having the skin of the head smooth, not covered with rough plates as in the former genus. From /vrc/na it differs in the armature of the preopercle and in the absence of tentacles on top of head (resem- bling in these characters Gymmnocanthus and Cottiusculus). Coasts of Japan. , . , ’ \ (elados, stag; 7yfus, fish.) 40. ELAPHICHTHYS ELONGATUS (Steindachner). UMIKAJIKA (SEA SCULPIN). Centridermichthys elongatus Srr1iNDACHNER, Ich. Beitr., X, 1881, p. 86; Strielok, Japan Sea (near Vladivostok). The plate, taf. v1, fig. 2, named Centrider- michthys glaber.—SvEINDACHNER and DépERLEIN, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, p.259. Head 3 in length; depth 6. Dorsal X—17 or 18; anal 16; ventral I, 2. Body elongate, mouth rather long; maxillary scarcely reaches to below posterior orbital rim. Jaws, vomer, and palatines with sharp teeth in bands. Eye oval; its long diameter equal to length of snout. or is contained four times in head. Preopercle spine long, sharp, curved, and compressed, bearing on its upper edge one or two sharp processes. Top of head without tentacles. Gill membranes connected, free from isthmus. Skin on head thin. A row of toothed plates along the lateral line and a few rough scattered plates on anterior part of body under lat- eral line. Skin above lateral line smooth, or thickly set with diminu- tive spines, as in Zrachidermus Heckel. Color.—Back gray-violet with dark red-violet, curved wavy, long spots, which sometimes run together; seldom dark cross bands on the lower half of body as in Bero elegans. (Steindachner.) This species is not represented in our collections. (elongatus, lengthened.) 29. ALCICHTHYS Jordan ana Starks. Alcichthys JoRDAN and Srarks, new genus (alcicornis). This genus differs from Pseudoblennius and Pero in having the large preopercular spine flat, broad, and divided into many points; and in having the cirri on top of head usually simple. Seas of northern Japan. (alce, elk; iyOus, fish.) 3802 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL 41. ALCICHTHYS ALCICORNIS (Herzenstein). BEROKAJIKA. Centridermichthys alcicornis HerzENsterx, Zool. Mus. Kais. Akad. Wiss. St. Petersburg, XIII, 1890, p. 115; Yeso (Hokkaido). Head 23 in length without caudal; depth 54. Dorsal X-17; anal 13; lateral line 36. Eye 6 in head; interorbital width 10; maxillary 2: snout 34; first dorsal spine 34; third dorsal spine 24; longest dorsal rays 24; longest anal rays 3; pectoral 14; ventral 34; caudal 13. Head not depressed, about as wide as deep; body slender, slightly compressed posteriorly. Mouth large; lower jaw included; maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of eye. Small, sharp, conical teeth on jaws, vomer and palatines; the palatine patch about as wide as that on mandibJe; the vomerine patch narrower. Interorbital space Fig. 31.—ALCICHTHYS ALCICORNIS. moderately concave. 28. 29 30. 32. 30. 38. . nivosus (Herzenstein) ; Same, Mororan, Hakodate, Iturup. . raninus Jordan and Starks; Aomori, Mororan, Hakodate. . stelleri Tilesius. . brandti (Steindachner). 19. Megalocottus Gill. platycephalus (Pallas) . 20. Ainocottus Jordan and Starks. . ensiger Jordan and Starks; Hakodate. 21. Porocottus Gill. tentaculatus (Kner). 22. Argyrocottus Herzenstein. . canderi Herzenstein; Iturup Island. 23. Zesticelus Jordan and Eyermann. bathybius (Gtinther); off Misaki. 24. Cottunculus Collett. brephocephalus Jordan and Starks; Suruga Bay. 25. Gymnocanthus Swainson. . pistilliger (Pallas); Robben Island. . intermedius (Schlegel); Hakodate; Same, Otaru. . herzensteini Jordan and Starks; Hakodate. 26. Crossias Jordan and Starks. . allisi Jordan and Starks; Hakodate, Same. 27. Cottiusculus Schmidt. gonez Schmidt; Peter the Great Bay. 39. schmidti Jordan and Starks; Matsushima Bay. 40. 41. 44. 45 28. Elaphichthys Jordan and Starks. elongatus (Steindachner). 29. Alcichthys Jordan and Starks. alcicornis (Herzenstein); Same, Hakodate. 30. Furcina Jordan and Starks. . ishikawe Jordan and Starks; Myiako, Wakanoura, Hakodate. 43. osime Jordan and Starks; Hakodate, Misaki. 31. Ocynectes Jordan and Starks. maschalis Jordan and Starks; Enoshima, Wakanoura. 32. Pseudoblennius Schlegel. . percoides Giinther; Tokyo, Matsushima, Misaki, Wakanoura, Tsuruga, Hiro- shima, Nagasaki. 7 NO, 1358. JAPANESE SCULPINS—JORDAN AND STARKS. oo5 46. cottoides (Richardson); Misaki, Matsushima, Onomichi, Aomori, Enoshima, Tokyo, Yokohama; Tsuruga, Hakodate. 47. 48. 49 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 5). 56. 57. zonostigma Jordan and Starks; Misaki, Nagasaki. marmoratus (Déderlein) ; Misaki, Enoshima. totomius Jordan and Starks; Totomi Bay. 393. Bero Jordan and Starks. elegans (Steindachner); Tokyo, Aomori, Kitami, Hakodate. 34. Vellitor Jordan and Starks. centropomus (Richardson); Misaki, Tokyo. 35. Histiocottus Gill. bilobus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 36. Blepsias Cuvier. draciscus Jordan and Starks; Aomori, Hakodate, Iturup Island. 37. Nautiscus Jordan and Evermann. pribilovius (Jordan and Gilbert). 38. Hemitripterus Cuvier. vilosus (Pallas); Hakodate; Mororan, Nemuro, Matsushima Bay. 39. Psychrolutes Giinther. paradoxus Ginther. 40. Hreunias Jordan and Snyder. grallator Jordan and Snyder; Misaki. NOTES ON THE BATS COLLECTED BY WILLIAM PALMER IN CUBA. By Gerrit 8. Miter, Jr., Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals. Two important collections of Cuban bats have recently been made by Mr. William Palmer, of the United States National Museum. ‘The first, numbering 449 specimens, was brought together during Febru- ary, March, April, May, June, and July, 1900, in the region south and west of Habana, and on the Isle of Pines.¢ During this expedi- tion Mr. Palmer was accompanied by Mr. J. H. Riley. The second collection, 184 specimens, was made in February, 1902, at the extreme eastern end of Cuba.’ Fifteen species were obtained in all, several of which prove to be of unusual interest. In the following account of this material the field observations made by Mr. Palmer are given in full, each note signed with its author’s name. VESPERTILIO CUBENSIS (Gray). 1839. Scotophilus cubensis Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 7, September, 1839; Cuba. 1892. Vesperugo fuscus cubensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 316, December 29, 1892. 1897. Vespertilio fuscus cubensis Miter, North American Fauna, no. 13, p. 102, October 16, 1897. A skin from Pinar del Rio and a specimen in alcohol, and one skin each from El Guama and El Cobre. The three skins show that the color of the Cuban animal is practically identical with that of the large Mexican Vespertilio miradorens’s. It is therefore much darker than in V. fuscus. For measurement see table, page 333. Fidd notes.—One of the few species seen flying at dusk. Besides the five specimens taken, three or four others were seen. One was captured in a net set at the eaves of a tile roof. Others were seen about tobacco houses and palm trees. One was netted in the center of a natural rock tunnel, which was the home of a barn owl, a bird that fed largely on bats.—W. PALMER. @The localities at which bats were taken are as follows: Cabafias, El] Guama, Guanajay, Mariel, Pinar del Rio, and San Diego de los Bafios on the mainland, and Nueva Gerona on the Isle of Pines. > Exact localities, Baracoa and El Cobre. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXVII—No. 1359. 338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. NYCTICEIUS CUBANUS (Gundlach). 1861. Vesperus cubanus GUNDLACH, Monatsber. k. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Ber- lin, p. 150; near Cardenas, Cuba. 1897. Nycticeius humeralis cubanus MiuuEer, North America Fauna, no. 13, p. 120, October 16, 1897. Twenty-six specimens (16 skins) from Pinar del Rio, and one skin from Cabanas. This series makes a satisfactory comparison of the Cuban Vycticevus with its mainland representative for the first time possible. The Cuban animal proves to be, as Gundlach’s description indicates, considerably smaller than Vycticeius humeralis, but in color the two species are identical, and in external form the only difference that I can detect is the slightly less breadth of the ear and tragus in The skull and teeth are conspicuously smaller in the For N. cubanus. Cuban bat, but in form there appears to be perfect agreement. measurements see table below. Field notes.—The specimens from Pinar del Rio were all taken from the eaves ofa tiled roof where several species of bats of different genera spent the day. In the evening they usually began to fly when it was quite dark, so that one was seldom seen on the wing. The single specimen from Cabafas was captured in a ruined house.—W. Pater. Measurements of Vespertilio cubensis, Nycticeius cubanus, and N. humeratlis. ae A : |Maees! S | | = Z Ba a = me ty 0) | /Num- & s| |< | g| 5] 8 Name. | Locality. bax Sex a i | @lg}al|s a ee | ilieal Sal telccn sul enrtceeeeea ess Slagle |S |S] else Ss Vel eles ©. ae tet SO [Oe EET Sis er ret iiccs) | ose |S BSlelelel/el/Hl/al/eH|e |e |alale | | mm\mm\mm\mm \jrm > mmi\mm |\mm)|mm mm \mm | mm | MN Vespertilio cu- | Pinar del | 103809) Female.| 105/47. 0/19. 0/10. 0/47.0) 9.0/45.0) 80) 70, 60....-.|..--|...- bensis. Rio. MOVs ace El Guama.| 103810} Male -.-.| 117/47. 0/19. 0} 9. 8/45. 0} 8.0/45.0) 77] 67) 55)...-.)...-|---- Dom segsses|eeeee do ....| 103807|....do-..,| 103/44. 0/18. 8} 9. 0/43. 6) 8.0/41.0) 75] 66 58/15. 4 13. 0/11.0 Doses ees El Cobre ..| 113851|....do ...] 104/45. 0/20. 0/10. 0/44. 0) 7.4/44.0} 81} 70) 57|....]...-]---- Ayctiovis cu- | Cabafias ..| 103797) Female.|....|..-./12.0} 6.0/32.0) 6.0/30.0) 55 45) 40). BAR eal oc: anus. | | | Don sesascee Pinar del | 103781)....do-..-] 78/26. 0|10. 0} 6. 2/31.0| 6.0/29.0) 56) 47) 40)-. ae 2a Hl03782| 52-30 Ole 77|\28. 0,11. 0} 7.0/31. 0} 6.0/30.0) 54 47 38) 2552) tee sees ..-| 103783]....do 83/31. 0/11. 6 7. 0/31.0} 6.4130.0| 57) 48) 39)....|.---]---- -| 103786]....do - 81/29. 0)11. 0} 7.0)30. 6} 5.0/30.0) 54) 48 39)...-.|...-]---- 103789|....do...| 79/28. 0'10. 0] 7.0/32. 0] 6.0/28.0] 55) 47, 38l....)...-|---. 103784| Male 80/30. 0/11. 0| 7.0/30.0| 5.027.0) 54) 48 39)....)...- eet 103785|....do. 80/30. 0/11. 0) 6.0)29.0) 5,027.0) 52) 46 S| s2e2 eee |e see -| 103787]. ...do 73/25. 0/11. 0) 6. 4/29. 0) 5.4,28.0) 55). 47| 35)-.--|---- freee 103788}....do 75)27. 0/11. 0 6. 8/30.0] 5.028.0} 55} 47) 38)....|.-.-|---- 103799|....do - 80/29. 0'10. 6] 6. 0/28. 6) 5.428.6) 52) 44 37)..-.-).... | atte ---| 103801]....do. 78|29. 0| 9.0) 6.4/32.0| 5.4 28.0} 55) 50 4211.0 8.0) 7.0 -| 103802]....do 74/30. 0/10. 0) 5. 6/29. 6 5.031.0) 51) 46) 39/12.0 9.0) 8.0 103798} Female 75/32 0/10. 0) 5. 6/31. 0) 4.4/28.0] 55) 48 40/11.0) 8.2) 7.4 103799] ....do - 8.33. 011.4 6. 0/32. 4] 6.0.29.0) 59) 52) 44/10. 4) 8.38) 8.0 ..-| 103800}....do 80/31.0:11.0 6. 4/32. 0 5. 8131.0] 58) °52) 43/11.0) 9.0 8.0 =.-| 103803)2---dol- 80/33. 011.0} 5. 4/31. 0) 5.629.0) 56; 48) 39)11. 8 10.0 7.4 -| 108804]....do - 79)29. 0 10.6) 5. 632.0 5. 030.6 56} 49) 42/11. 0) 9.0] 7.6 103805]. ...do ~ 78/30. 010. 4} 6.0/32. 0) 6.0/28.0) 55 49) 42/12.0| 9.4] 8.0 102710) Male 95/39. Be 0) 8.036. 0) 6. cies 0} 67) 58) 49/18. oe 610.0 =| LO27Md | e=2 aoe 90)35. 012. 0} 7, 8/33. 6) 6.0/84.0) 63 54) 45/15.0,10.0) 9.8 PoalakipyabaeanGWorssa|) tst/bi Ole) 7o2ee ol! (EUR EO) 63]....|----|18.0 10. 0/10. 0 ...| 102713]....do...] 91/35.0 12.0] 7.0/35. 0] 6.0|33.0] 65] 58) 49/18. 0/10. 010.0 -| 102709} Female.| 95/39.012.4) 7. eles 0} 6. age 0| 67| 58) 50/14.0/10.0/10.0 | | = NO. 1359. NOTES ON CUBAN BATS—MILLER. 339 MOLOSSUS TROPIDORHYNCHUS Gray. 1839. Molossus tropidorhynchus Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., [V, p. 6, September, 1839. Fourteen skins and eleven alcoholic specimens from Pinar del Rio, and five (3 skins) from El Cobre. This is the Cuban representative of Molossus obscurus. It is readily distinguishable from the South American species by its much smaller size. For measurements see table, page 340. Field notes.—Probably the most abundant of the species living together under a tile roof at Pinar del Rio. Like the others they emerge suddenly from their roosting place very late in the dusk of evening, and after flitting a few times about the roof are gone. At El Cobre the specimens were likewise collected under the tiles of a roof.—W. PatmMEr. PROMOPS GLAUCINUS (Wagner). 1843. Dysopes glaucinus WAGNER, Wiegmann’s Archiv fiir Naturgesch., 1843, I, p. 368. 1861. Molossus ferox GuNpLAcH, Monatsber. k. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, p. 149 (not of Tschudi, 1844-1846); Cuba. One specimen (in alcohol) was taken under a tile roof at Pinar del Rio, February 27, 1900. For measurements see table, page 340. NYCTINOMUS MUSCULUS Gundlach. 1861. Nyctinomus musculus GuNpLACcH, Monatsber. k. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, p. 149. 1902, Nyctinomus musculus Mrituer, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XV, p. 248, December 16, 1902. Three in alcohol and five skins from El Guama, one skin from Caba- fas, and one (in alcohol) from Pinar del Rio. This species is readily distinguishable from both Vycténomus basi- liensis and V. cynocephalus by its small size, the character pointed out by Gundlach in the original description. A further peculiarity of the Cuban animal, apparently shared by all the West Indian members of the group, is the minute size and rudimentary structure of the first upper premolar. In the continental species this tooth is well devel- oped and provided with a distinct cingulum, while in the insular forms it is a mere terete spicule. For measurements see table, page 340. field notes.—Occasionally seen about dark among the hard lime- stone hills of the mountainous districts. Here it spends the day in the smaller crevices of the caves, with Artibeus parvipes. We could find none during the day, although the Art/devs was common and con- spicuous, but by closing all but one of the entrances to a cave and hanging a fine net over this opening at night we usually obtained one or more of these little bats the next morning. The specimen from Cabaiias was captured in a house.—W. PALMER. 340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Measurements of Cuban molosside. | aa sales 4 23) sels 2 ais F 65) |) 8D SL Sor ssn (Ne | icone | ces Name. Locality. Aue Sex. a 3 ‘| cP = | &)/ gig ‘3 a Bye te oe | Oe eae ZS lelas| @ ole ee We eel eee Soult 1 Oo [Or pte eS. West | Sass a eee et Oy les) |. on |ieeteall econ eect pom esetnn a ccsial cased Ua Sle |e |e |e |e n se |e |e | R} Rls | mm Al mm) mm\mm\ mm) mm mm) min mm\ mm} mm) mm Molossus tropi- | Pinar del | 108760) Male -..} 88/31. ie 2) 7. 8/84. 0) 6.0] 35) 69) 54) 38/11.0} 8.0/11.6 dorhynchus. Rio. D Oreste scecelesece do ....| 103763!....do - 89/32. ou. 0! 8.0/34.0! 6.0, 34) 69) 53, 37/11.0) 9.0)/12.0 Dow see saclassee do ....| 103761! Female.| 87 ‘30. 0.11.0) 7. 6/34. 0) 6. 2| 34] 69] 53] 37|11.8| 9.0/1.0 DOm ss esstslosene do 2223|/103762|-9--doe- 85 29.011.0 7. 4/34.0) 6.2) 35) 70) 54) 37/11.8) 9.0)/12.0 DOr rae sees do ....| 103764). . do... 86 29.610.0) 7.6/33.6| 6.0) 34) 67) 51) 35)11.0 8. 0/11.0 DOic2e55<25)]se2- doxeee 108765 ....do ---| 88/33. 010.0} 7.0)33.0} 6.0) 33) 66) 49) 35)10.2) 8.4/12.0 Des .sececcl|iscess do ..-.| 103766)....do...] 87/32. 0/10. 4| 7.0/34.0) 6.4) 35) 67) 52] 37)/12.0) 9.8/13.0 IDO! eee eel seer Gores. 103767, . ---do...| 84)31.0)10. 4| 7.0/83.4) 6.0) 34) 67) 50) 37)/11.8) 9.0/13.0 DOM a sae seats domere eae 86/32. 0/10. 2} 7. 2/38. 0] 6.0) 33] 66) 50 36) 11.0) 8.0)12.0 WD Osceseese cease do.. "| 103769 ---| 90)/31.0/10. 6} 7.4/34.0) 6.21 34) 68 51 37/12. 0 8. 8/13.0 Promops glau- |\...-- do ....| 103827| ‘tale ---| 133/49. ae? 0.10. 4\59.0) 9.0) 61) 115) 87) 6025. 0/16. 4/24,0 cinus. | Nyctinomus | ElGuama.| 103775)...-do-..| 81/28.0)10. 0) 8.0/38.0) 7.0} 37] 72) 58] 37|....|....|.... musculus. een DOW sees acce lls sere GO == =| LOB 716las-ndOre- Oe ciseal 8. 4/40. 0} 6.8) 38) 75) 58) 39 ....)....].... DOrsaa22sse8 eee does 2) LOST. ee dOne- ere TTSO SSO S9RO G61) 375 ill, 1545 Bitleaea| cee eee Dose lsacee heehee do ....| 103778} Female. 86/34. 0)12. 0) 8.8/39.0) 6.6] 37) 70) 5d) 38)...-)....].... DO? cece ae| nese dons 22| 03d1OlaandOrse 89 33. 0j12. 0} 8. 6/38. 8] 7.0] 36) 70) 54) 37)-...)....).-.. IWotoeecotoudocoes do ....| 103771|....do-..| 86)30.0/10. 4) 7.0/38.0| 6.4) 37] 72) 59) 39 16.0)11. 416.0 Dowsee 25 laeeee do ....| 108772|....do...| 91 35. 0,11. 0) 7.0)39.0) 6.6) 36) 73) 60) 4017. 0/12.017.0 DO. ons 325 |eeee do ....| 103773) Male..--| 83/30.0/11.0) 7.8/39.0] 6.8! 37] 71] 58 40/16. 4 12.4 16.4 DO'sce2sacee | Pinar del | 103774|....do...| 87 31. 0/12. 0) 7.0/39.0) 6.0) 36) 73] 60} 39/16.0/12. 016.0 Rio. | Do.2 seas. oe Cabafias - . 10870 Female. sanef on f8.0 8. 4/38. 6] 6.0) 36] 68} 55} 39)....]....].... CHILONATALUS MICROPUS (Dobson). 1880. Natalus micropus Dosson, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, p. 443; Environs of Kingston, Jamaica. A single specimen (in alcohol) was taken at Baracoa. It is in bad condition, but there is no question as to its generic identity. For measurements see table, page 343. Tied notes.—TVhis little bat, the only one of the kind that I found in Cuba, was captured in a butterfly net after dark on the evening of February 6, 1902, as it emerged froma cave in company with many other bats of other species. Its identity was not noticed at the time, and it was hurriedly placed, while yet alive, in a bag with other bats. Later it was found that one of the others, probably an Artcdeus, had bitten its body in two. None of the people to whom I showed it had ever seen so small a bat.—W. PaLMeEr. NYCTIELLUS LEPIDUS (Gervais). 1838. Vespertilio lepidus Grrvats, in La Sagra’s Hist. Fisica. Politica y Natural de la Isla de Cuba, Pt. 2, III (Mamm.), p. 32; Cuba. 1855. Nyctiellus lepidus Gervais, Expéd. du Comte de Castelnau, Zool., Mamm., p. 84. An adult female (skin and skull) was taken at Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines, on July 11, 1900. For measurements, see table, page 343. * NO. 1359. ‘ NOTES ON CUBAN BATS—MILLER. d41 This specimen shows that the genus Vyctiellus, founded by Gervais for the reception of his Vespertilio lepidus, is distinct from Natalus. with which it is commonly united. Vyctiellus lepidus is a small bat about equal to Ppistrellus hesperus or Thyroptera discifera in size, though of more slender, delicate form than either of these. The legs are proportioned to the body about as in the two animals just mentioned, and therefore show none of the elongation characteristic of the poste- rior extremities in WVatalus. The ear is small in size and simple in _ structure, closely resembling that of Pipistrellus hesperus in general outline, though somewhat shorter and broader. The anterior border of the ear conch arises directly over the eye, therefore slightly farther forward than in Vatalus, and the posterior border terminates behind base of tragus instead of noticeably in front. As a result the ear opens outward with scarcely a trace of the peculiar funnel form noticeable in the other members of the family Vatalidx. The tragus, however, appears to be much like that of Watalus. So far as can be determined from the dried specimen the lips are simple and there is no glandular outgrowth on forehead. Color, light raw-sienna throughout, the dorsal surface distinctly clouded with sepia. Skull (Plate IX, fig. 2) essentially as in Vatalus, but with brain case reduced in size and rostrum so greatly broadened that the lachrymal width is nearly equal to the width of brain case above roots of zygo- mata. A suggestion of this broadening of the rostrum is found in Natalus tumidirostris, though in this animal the general proportions ? > > } I of the Vatalus skull are not departed from. Dentition as in Vatalus, but anterior premolar, both above and below, smaller than in any 9 9 . species of the genus with which I am acquainted. In the upper jaw this tooth is distinctly smaller than the outer incisor. Field notes.—About a dozen were seen, late in the evenings, along the shore of the river at Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines. This bat flies very low, about bushes, and close to buildings. Therefore, it is rarely seen for more than an instant as it rises against a light back- ground. All efforts to shoot one were unsuccessful, but one was finally captured in a butterfly net as it was traversing the length of a porch.—W. Patmer. CHILONYCTERIS BOOTHI Gundlach. 1861. Chilonycteris boothi GunpLacn, Monatsber. k. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, p. 154; Fundador, Cuba. 1902. Chilonycteris boothi Miuirr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 401, September 12, 1902. Four specimens (2 skins) from Baracoa. These, as I have recently pointed out, differ from the Jamaican Chi/onycteris parnell/i in the noticeably less crowding of the lower premolars. In the Jamaican animal the first lower premolar is in contact with the third and the 342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. second is crowded quite out of the tooth row on lingual side. In @. booth’ the first premolar is separated from the third by a distinct interval, in which lies the slightly displaced second. Otherwise the two species appear to be closely similar. For measurements see table, page 345. Field notes. —Four specimens were obtained at the mouth of the cave near Baracoa, described under the next species. They did not emerge until well after dark, and none were captured while any trace of day- light remained.—W. PALMER. CHILONYCTERIS MACLEAYII Gray. 1839. Chilonycteris macleayti Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 5, September, 1839; Cuba. Eight (6 skins) from Guanajay and fifty (6 skins) from Baracoa. In both series, as shown by the table of measurements (page 343), a larger and smaller form may be distinguished, the differences between which are fairly constant and quite independent of age and sex. Mr. Oldfield Thomas, who kindly compared some of Mr. Palmer’s skins with the type in the British Museum, writes me that the name was originally based on a large specimen. Fied notes.—At Guanajay this was evidently a rare species. We found it in only one locality, a deep, damp cave in Guanajay Moun- tain, where it lived in company with thousands of Phyllonycteris poeyt. The white bat was somewhat readily captured with a dip net, and occasionally, but rarely, we secured a specimen of the smaller animal. A few miles east of Baracoa, on a broad, well-wooded hill, is a hole in the porous limestone some 8 feet in diameter and 20 in depth. At the bottom, on one side, is the opening to a cave which extends an unknown distance, as I could find no one who had ever explored it. At the time of my visits, late on two afternoons, a slight column of mist was rising from the openings, showing that it was a damp cave similar to the one visited at Guanajay. Leading to the mouth of the cave is an irregular trough in the surface of the rock. This extends some distance back into the woods, and shows that the cave furnishes the natural drainage for the immediate region. The people living near knew of the existence of three kinds of bats in great abundance in this cave. Armed with an ordinary butterfly net, during two even- ings I was able to secure no less than 142 bats, representing six species (Chilonatalus micropus, Mormoops cinnamomea, Chilonycteris boothi, C. macleayti, Monophyllus cubanus, and Phyllonycteris poeyt), as they emerged from the perpendicular opening. Before dark, while there was still light enough to see distinctly, the small Chdlonycteris began to come out, at first singly or a few at a time, often hesitating and returning below again for another effort, then in greater num- NO. 1359. NOTES ON CUBAN BATS—MILLER. 843 bers, and finally, as it became darker, in an almost continuous stream, so that with a few quick sweeps of the net it was possible to secure several specimens. At first no other species occurred with them, but as the gloom thickened and it became impossible to see the bats other kinds emerged and were captured by random strokes of the net.— W. PALMER. Measurements of Chilonatalus, Nyctiellus, Chilonycteris, and Mormoops. | | | Gale a ieee Nbeserctes | o1o|# : br ;|}/to/8 |] mle || S]| Ss Name. Locality. Tae Sex. Be s elo! bl solml alg |e zy On? As oo |t als S 5 ° = tee | ats eo eles Wigs ey pees es S/EIB(S/5/2/8l2/2 15/218 /2 SIS (|e |B |e |e l|n|/e |e & |All als mm jin \num \num \maNt mm lnm mm \mm \nm mm \nm mm Chilonatalus | Baracoa... 113724| Female.|....|...-|20.0| 8.0/32.0] 4.0] 33]....|....|.... (14. 0/11.4 15.0 micropus (eta es Nye lepi- | NuevaGe- | 103898]...do....] 6627.0)13.0) 6.0)29.6) 4.0) 25)47.0) 35, 35)10.0) 8.0) 9.0 rona. Chitonyeter is Baracoa...| 113767) Male ...| 83/22.0)20.010.0)52.4) 7.0) 44/87 0! 68 6623.0/18.014.0 oothi | BOereese cea |=~--.2 GOtee:- 113768]...do....| 83/21. 4/20. 0/10. 0/52. 0) 7.0) 43/90.0) 68) 67/24.0/18.8 13.0 ANE ciccic.s|eistaie:e GoOsccen 113769|...do....| 78/21. 0/19. 8)11. 0/51. 6) 8.0 45|87.0 Gi)e00|seoel emesis WOresesoce-|osscs doz2=: 113770|...do.-...| '76]...-|19. 8/11. 0/52. 0| 7.0) 45/92.0) 66} 63)....)....|...- Chilony cteris | Guanajay .| 103813/...do....| 66/21.0/16. 4) 8.0)42.0) 5.4) 38/76.0) 54 51/17.4)15.010.0 macleayit. | MOP sta. sels m= Goseeae 103814|...do....| 70/22.0/16.0| 9. 0/41. 6} 6.0) 38)/74.0) 53) 52/18. 0/15.010.0 Weare ccc =|-73)723.4 | 14.0) | 55.0) | 12.0) ) 47 116 | 88 | 83 | 21.0] 16.0] 14.0 DOvaenactine | 103698 | Male ...|°74 | 23.0 | 14.0 | 57.0 | 14.0 | 47 120 | 89 | 78 | 21.0] 14.6] 140 DOW ons ken | | 103700 222 OOo -| 72) 21.0 | 13.4 |} 55.0 | 13.4) 45) 115 | 87 | 80} 20.0 | 14.0) 13.4 Dome eaaeee | 103701 \ ccagloee 73 | 21.4 | 15.0 | 55.4 | 18.0 | 47 120 | 87 | 80 | 21.4 | 15.6 | 14.6 DORR eee 103702 |....do-...| 76 | 22.0 | 14.0 | 54.6 | 13.4 | 44 113 | 85 | 77 | 20.0 | 14.0] 13.0 Dol ees | 103703 |....do...| 73 | 20.0 | 15.0 | 54.0 | 13.6 | 46 114 | 83 | 77 | 20.0 | 14.0} 14.0 Doses | 103704 |....do-...| 70 | 22.0 | 18.6 | 56.0 | 14.0 | 47 118 | 87 | 82 | 21.0 | 18.6] 13.6 DO ae eeeeee 103705: |... do. 2.) 745) 22.02) 1270))) 53 On el 220 47 113 | 85 | 80 | 20.0 | 14.4] 14.0 FH) Copre 2422-2 | 1138: 21 Female.| 76 | 20.4 | 13.0 | 58.0 | 14.0 | 47 116 | 87 | 80} 21.0 | 15.0} 14.0 3822 =dOs 22) 76)| 2004 | a Ssaa ban On alae: | 46 114 | 83 | 79 | 20.0 | 15.0} 14.0 sd Or 75\| 20.4) 1356") S300) T3045 see 2 e278 als 200 4 Ae Os ees eee =e 76 | 23.0 | 13.0 | 58.0 | 15.4 | 47 120 | 90 | 86 | 22.0} 14.0) 138.0 edo 78 | 21.4 | 14.4 | 55.0 | 13.0 | 47 117 | 85 | 80 | 21.4 | 15.0] 13.6 Male ...| 73 | 21.0 | 18.0 | 58.0 | 12.6 | 44 107 | 80 | 75 | 20.0] 14.0] 12.0 ----do..-| 76 | 22.8 | 13.6 | 56.0 | 13.4 | 45] 116 | 86 | 79 | 19.0) 13.4] 13.6 P20 se S| FLO 1 e4o IAS OF aan aD sO uaa 113 | 85 | 77 | 20.0 | 12.6] 13.6 0). 2/72") 21. 0) 1420}. 5508) 13204) 48 120 | 88 | 82 | 20.0 | 14.0] 14.0 --do...| 75 | 22.0 | 13.0 | 54.0 | 13.0 | 43 | 110 | 83 | 76) 19.6 | 13.8) 13.0 | | | EXPLANATION OF PLATE. x Fic. 1. Phyllonycteris poeyi Gandlach. Adult male, No. 103527, collected at Guana- jay, Cuba. la. Skull of Phyllonycteris poyei Gundlach. Adult female, No. 103585, collected at Guanajay, Cuba. 2. Skull of Nyctiellus lepidus (Gervais). Adult female, No. 103898, collected at Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines. : 3. Skull of Natalus mexicanus Miller. Adult female, No. 102509, collected at Morelos, Mexico. IX PL. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 8re 39Vd 338 3ivid 4O NOILVNV1dx3 4YO4 ‘SLVG NV8ND 3WOS LIST OF HEMIPTERA—HETEROPTERA OF LAS VEGAS HOT SPRINGS, NEW MEXICO, COLLECTED BY MESSRS. BE. A. SCHWARZ AND HERBERT S. BARBER. By Paine R. Unter, Provost of the Peabody Institute, Baltimore, Maryland. This small but instructive collection, now in the United States National Museum, from a restricted locality hitherto neglected adds another link in the chain of evidence explaining the cecology and sources of distribution of a considerable number of local and widely dispersed forms of Hemiptera. Jam informed by Mr. E. A. Schwarz that all specimens were collected in the vicinity of the Montezuma Hotel, which is situated at the mouth of the Gallinas River canyon, at an altitude of 6,770 feet. Viewing the materials here presented, I am impressed by the mixed character of the collection. In the genus Homemus are the Mexican upland //. proteus Stal, and the Rocky Mountain //. d7jugis Uhler. Cori/melaena is represented by only the far western (. extensa Uhler. Two species of Podisus appear, the P. cynicus Say, an Alleghanian form, and the Canadian C. bracteatus Fitch, which by the aid of a larger series of recently collected specimens seems to be a sufficiently distinct species. The interesting genus Dendrocoris is signalized by the presence of the Californian-desert species, 2). frut/cosus Bergroth, and by the eastern D. humeralis Uhler. The collection when broadly considered, is seen to consist of widely distributed Rocky Mountain forms with a mixture of some far western and a few eastern species. The usual number of North American genera appear here as is generally the case in western collections, but the aquatic, riparian, and hypogean forms are scarcely represented. Family PACH YCORID. HOMAMUS PROTEUS Stal. Homexmus proteus SvAx, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXIII, 1862, p. 32. A common insect in many parts of eastern Mexico, extending over the boundary into Texas and Arizona, and now for the first time found at Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, August 6-). The writer has examined, also, specimens from the vicinity of Matamoras, from Tepic in southwestern Mexico, and from the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. It is everywhere exceptionally variable, both in form and pattern of markings. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXVII—No. 1360. din ote 850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL. HOMAMUS BIJUGIS Uhler. Homemus bijugis Unter, Hayden, Bull. Geol. Sury. Terr., Montana, 1872, p. 393. One specimen was secured September 8. This is also a variable species in size and ornamentation. It has been collected near and on the foothills and also at considerable elevations in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and farther north. Family CORIMELAANID ZX. CORIMELAZNA EXTENSA. Corimelena extensa UnLER, Proc. Ent. Soe., Phila., I1, 1867, p. 155. One specimen was caught August 7. It is a common species near the Pacific coast, being found from Oregon to Lower California. — Its affinities are so close with C. albipennis Eschscholtz, of Chile, that it may prove to be only a modified form of that species. Some of the specimens from California and Oregon have the stripe on the corium, tinged with rufous. Family CYDNIDL. AMNESTUS PUSILLUS Unhler. Amnestus pusillus Unter, Hayden, Bull. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1875, p. 278. Two specimens were collected August 13. This is a common low- land species in Texas and the Southern States. Family PENTATOMID. PODISUS CYNICUS Say. Podisus cynicus SAy, Heteropt. Hemipt., N. Amer., 1831, p. 3. A male of this species was secured on August 11, and a female on August 14. It has been found previously in Massachusetts, New York, Penn- sylvania, northern New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, upper Mary- land, Missouri, Virginia, and Colorado. PODISUS BRACTEATUS Fitch. Podisus bracteatus Frrcn, Third N. Y. Report, 1859, p. 18. Four specimens, one a female, were collected August 3 and 11. This species is shorter and proportionally broader than the preceding one, and it seems to be intermediate between P. cynicus Say and P. crocatus Uhbler. All the species vary in color, and somewhat in degree of punctation on the upper surface. The middle of the sinuated margin of the segment just anterior to the genitalia (male) is more incised than in the preceding species. = 7 no. 1360. NEW MEXICAN HEMIPTERA—HETEROPTERA—UHTLER. 351 BANASA VARIANS Stal. Banasa varians Stadt, Rio Hemipt., I, p. 11 (R. dimidiatus Stal). Three specimens with immature colors were found on August 7. Two others with more mature integuments were taken on the same day. THYANTA CASTA Stal. Thyanta casta Svdu, Stett. Ent. Zeit., X XIII, 1862, p. 104. One specimen was secured August 3. DENDROCORIS HUMERALIS Uhler. Dendrocoris humeralis UnLtER, Hayden, Bull. Geol. Sury. Terr., 1877, p. 400. Four specimens were taken August 6. The specimens of this spe- cies brought together from the Northern, Eastern, Middle, and Southern States show a moderate amount of modification of the lateral thoracic angles and some deviation in grouping of punctures, as well as more or less suffusion of rufous on the pronotum and hemelytra. DENDROCORIS FRUTICICOLA Bergroth. Dendrocoris fruticicola Brerarotu, Revue d’ Ent., 1891, p. 228. Two specimens of the plain colored variety were captured August 13. This species extends in distribution, locally, from arid southern California through Arizona to the vicinity of Las Vegas, New Mexico. PERIBALUS LIMBOLARIUS Stal. Peribalus limbolarius Srkt, Enum. Hemipt., II, 1872, p. 34. One specimen was taken August 6. This species is reported to have been taken in Catifornia and Mexico. The writer has examined specimens from Lower California, Colorado, Texas, most of the States east of the Mississippi River, New England, and Lower Canada. Family COREID 2. CORYNOCORIS DISTINCTUS Dallas. Corynocoris distinctus DALLAS, Brit. Mus. List, IT, p. 119. ‘One specimen was secured August 12. CHARIESTERUS ANTENNATOR Fabricius. Chariesterus antennator Fanricius, Syst. Rhyng., p. 198. Only a single specimen, taken August 8, is in the collection. 352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIi. ARCHIMERUS CALCARATOR Fabricius. Archimerus calcarator Fasrictus, Syst. Rhyng., p. 192. One specimen of fresh, pale color was captured August 2. LEPTOGLOSSUS CORCULUS Say. Leptoglossus corculus Say, Heteropt. Hemipt. N. Amer., p. 12. One specimen and a nympha were taken August 13. ALYDUS PLUTO Uhler. Alydus pluto Unter, Hayden, Geol. Sury. Montana, 1872, p. 401. A male specimen was secured September 7. It is paler colored than the fully matured state usually presents. MARGUS INCONSPICUUS Herrich-Schaeffer. Margus inconspicuus HerricH-ScHarrrer, Wanz. Insekt., VI, p. 14, fig. 570. Four specimens of the dark, mature state are in the collection. They were taken August 11. HARMOSTES REFLEXULUS Say. Harmostes refleculus Say, Heteropt. Hemipt. N. Amer., p. 10. A specimen of the common greenish stage of color was secured August 3. CORIZUS HYALINUS Fabricius. Corizus hyalinus Fasricius, Ent. Syst., I, p. 168. The less mature, greenish state was found August 3. This is a cos- mopolitan species which inhabits a considerable part of the more tem- perate regions of every one of the continents, not even excluding Australia. Strange to say, it has not yet become domiciled in any part of the Atlantic region, although it occurs in Florida, the Gulf States, Texas, the West Indies, and Mexico. A single specimen of the pale state was caught near Baltimore, Maryland, and a few others have been reported from Massachusetts. Among the many collections that I have made in most parts of New Jersey, | have thus far failed to secure specimens of this species. It appeared to me in considerable numbers on small plants at various places along the coastal plateau of Santo Domingo, West Indies, in the spring months. In the Antilles the darker colored and rufous varieties appear in moderate numbers. Family BERYTID 2. ACANTHOPHYSA ECHINATA Uhler. Acanthophysa echinata Unter, North Amer. Fauna, VII, Pt. 2, p. 261 (1893). One specimen was secured August 3. no. 1360. NHW MEXICAN HEMIPTERA—HETEROPTERA—UHLER. 35Da Family LYGAHID. OXYCARENUS SCABROSUS, new species. Elongate-ovate, with the head moderately lone, acute; color above mostly pale straw yellow, the head rufous and the under side of the body paler. Surface generally dull, not conspicuously pubescent anywhere, somewhat powdered with white on sternum in mature specimens. Head long, tapering to tip, not distinctly punctate. An- tenn piceous, paler at base, moderately short. Rostrum reaching behind the middle coxe, piceous. Legs piceous, short, the femora thick. Pronotum tinged with piceous, broad. The posterior lobe somewhat scabrous, much larger than the anterior lobe, with the sur- face very moderately convex and the posterior margin nearly straight, transverse suture shallow. Scutellum long, a little tinged with rufous, the middle bearing a prominent granule. Hemelytra very moderately convex, spread with numerous sparse dark granules on the straw-yel- low ground. Under side piceous black, the venter highly polished. Length 3 mm; width 1 mm. Three specimens were taken August 12. This species is less cylindrical than the other species. It is possible that when a fuller series of this species is collected, including both sexes, that it will be seen to constitute a new genus. LIGYROCORIS SYLVESTRIS Stal. Ligyrocoris sylvestris SrA, Enum. Hemipt., IV, p. 145. Two specimens of this very common insect were found August 2. PTOCHIOMERA CLAVIGERA Uhler. Ptochiomera clavigera Unter, Bull. Col. Exper. Station, No. 31, p. 24. One specimen was captured August 6. TRAPEZONOTUS NEBULOSUS Fallen. Trapezonotus nebulosus FALLEN, Mon. Cim., 1807, p. 65. Two specimens were secured August 4. This common European insect is now widely distributed in the United States, as it has been taken in most of the States from Maine to Texas. It occurs on the foothills and plains of Colorado in many localities, and it is found also in lower Canada. EMBLETHIS ARENARIUS Fieber. Emblethis arenarius Freser, Eur. Hemipt., p. 198. One specimen was found August 2. ’ 354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. PERITRECHUS FRATERNUS Uhler. Peritrechus fraternus UHLER, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1871, p. 103. One specimen was taken August 12. EREMOCORIS FERUS Say. Eremocoris ferus Say, Hemipt. Heteropt. N. Amer., p. 16. Two specimens of the dark variety were secured August 2. CRYPHULA PARALLELOGRAMMA Stal. Cryphula parallelogramma Stat, Enum. Hem., IV, p. 165. Two specimens were taken August 3. LYGAZUS RECLIVATUS Say. Lygeus reclivatus Say, Journ. Acad. Phila., 1V, 1825, p. 321. One specimen was taken August 13. LYGZUS ADMIRABILIS Uhler. Tygeus admirabilis UntER, Hayden, Report Geol. Montana, p. 405. Several specimens were secured August 12. LYGAZUS FACETUS Say. Lygeus facetus Say, Heterop. Hemipt., p. 13. Five specimens of this pretty insect were collected August 14. RHYPAROCHROMUS COMPACTUS, new species. Elongate subquadrate oval, black, cydniform. Head much nar rower than the front of pronotum, polished, the tylus narrow, prom- inent, sharply defined. Rostrum long and slender, reaching to the intermediate coxe. Antenne piceous black, moderately slender, about one and a half times as long as the pronotum, the basal joint shorter than the head, the second a little longer, the third a little shorter, the fourth about the same length as the third. Pronotum highly polished, moderately convex, the lateral margins gently curv- ing, the anterior angles rounded, lateral margin slenderly recurved. Scutellum dull blackish, scabrous before the base to the tip. Corium dull piceo-flavous, minutely scabrous, the sutures deeply punctate. Legs piceous, paler on tibixe and tarsi. Venter hardly polished, dull black. Length to tip of abdomen 3mm. Width of pronotum 1 mm. Width behind middle of abdomen 14 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6849, U.S. N. M. A single specimen was taken August 3. = © ¥ no. 1360. NEW MEXICAN HEMIPTERA—HETEROPTERA—UHLER. 355 Family LARGIDZ. LARGUS CINCTUS Herrich-Schaeffer. a Largus cinctus Herricu-ScHakrrer, Wanz. Insekt., VII, p. 6, fig. 683. Several specimens of this robust dark variety were taken August 2, 6, and L1. Family CAPSID. MIRIS INSTABILIS Ubhler. Miris instabilis UnuER, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1871, p. 104. Miris affinis Reuter, Caps. ex Bor. Amer., p. 59. One specimen of the large variety was secured August 4, and a freshly excluded male on August 3. CLIVINEMA RUBIDA, new species. Form of C. villosa Reuter but compact and stouter, dull red with black markings, the under side mostly black, shining. Head broad, black, polished, short as seen from above, convex between the eyes, not excavated as in C. villosa, the face nearly vertical. Base of tylus prominent, polished. Basal joint of antennz short, stout, the second joint thick, cylindrical subclavate, about twice as long as the first, both black, the third and fourth short, abruptly more slender, almost setaceous, piceous. Rostrum stout, black, extending to behind mid- dle cox. Gulasunken, short. Pronotum broad, convex, dull rufous, the surface coarsely, confluently granulate-punctate, the callosities confluent, black, polished, tumidly elevated, the hood a little produced over the base of head, the humeral angles broadly curved. Scutellum small, convex, black, a little longer than wide, roughly punctate. Corium dull rufous, minutely scabrous, with the border across the base of cuneus indented, clavus like the corium, but discolored brown- ish, membrane smoke black, projecting considerably behind tip of abdomen. Legs stout, black. Length to tip of abdomen 4 mm. Width of pronotum 14} mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6848, U.S.N.M. Two specimens were secured August + and 16. Faint traces of caducous pubescence seem to show that hairs were present when the specimens were fresh, but the species is not atall hirsute, as in C. w¢/- losa Reuter. HADRONEMA MILITARIS Uhler. Hadronema militaris Unuer, Hayden, Report Geol. Sury. Montana, p. 412. Two specimens of this very common species were taken August 12. 356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. PHYTOCORIS EXIMIUS Reuter. Phytocoris eximius Reurer, Caps. ex Am. Bor., 1875, p. 67. Seventeen specimens in different stages of maturity were captured August + to 14. COMPSOCEROCORIS ANNULICORNIS Reuter. Compsocerocoris aanulicornis Reuter, Caps. ex Am. Bor., 1875, p. 70. Five specimens of different sizes were taken August 12. NEUROCOLPUS NUBILIS Say. Neurocolpus nubilis Say, Heteropt. N. Amer., p. 22. Two specimens of this continental species were secured August 3. In the region east of the Mississippi River this species occurs on the elder, Sambucus racemosa, near the borders of streams, but on the great plains of Colorado, ete., it is common on small plants in damp situations. CALOCORIS TINCTUS Uhler. Calocoris tinctus UHLER, Col. Report, Bull. 31, p. 34. Two specimens of this variable species were found August 4. MELINNA MODESTA Uhler. Melinna modesta UnuER, Entom. Amer., III, 1887, p. 69. Two specimens of this widely distributed insect were secured August 6. DICHROOSCYTUS ELEGANS, new species. A miniature representative of D. rufipennis Fallen. Oblong ovate, light green, sometimes tinged with rufus above, opaque, integuments thick and firm, minutely pubescent but appearing bald. Head broad, large, vertex a little convex, a little indented at base, front almost flat, steeply sloping. Antenne slender, pale green at base, darker toward the tip, the basal joint short, stouter than the others, the second and third much longer, subequal, the fourth most slender, very short. Ros- trum pale green, fuscous at the tip, the basal joint stout, the following one slender and tapering toward the apex, reaching upon the middle coxe. Pronotum subquadrangular, much wider than long, moder- ately convex, minutely wrinkled, the lateral margins oblique, the cal- losities not prominent and feebly defined, the humeral angles rounded. Scutellum almost flat, longer than wide, acutely triangular, minutely wrinkled. Corium varying from light green to wine red, but rarely of the darker color, ample, wide, minutely scabrous, the membrane large, very pale green. Underside and legs pale. No part of the surface is distinctly hairy, and the wing-covers widely spread beyond the abdomen, ik no. 1360. NEW MEXICAN HEMIPTERA—HETEROPTERA—UHLER. oo Or ~I Length to tip of hemelytra 24 mm.; width of pronotum $ mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6850, U.S.N.M. One specimen was secured August 16. My friend Mr. Otto Heidemann found this insect in considera- ble numbers at Washington, District of Columbia, on June 16, upon Juniperus virgimianus. The pale-colored stage of this species has also been taken near Lan- sing, Michigan, by Prof. H. Osborn. When freshly excluded from the nympha these insects are very delicate, and of a dilute greenish tint. As whole broods of this species have been detected, of which all the specimens conformed to this small size, it seems difficult to regard this form “as a mere dwarf of D. rufipennis Fallen. POECILOCAPSUS LINEATUS Fabricius. Poecilocapsus lineatus Fasricius, Syst. Rhyng., p. 254. Capsus 4-vittatus Say, Heteropt. N. Amer., p. 20. A single specimen was secured August 7. SYSTRATIOTUS AMERICANUS Reuter. Systratiotus americanus Reuter, Caps. ex. Bor. Amer., p. 73. One specimen was secured August 6. The range of this species is now seen to be from the uplands of Texas and New Mexico, along the lower elevations of eastern Colorado, northward into British Columbia, and from thence eastwardly to the province of Quebec and northern Maine. HADRODEMA PULVERULENTA Uhler. > Hadrodema pulverulenta Unter, Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., 1892, p. 183. Pale dull yellowish, sometimes tinged with fuscous, minutely pubes- cent, and spread with whitish powder when fully matured; the upper surface generally minutely scabrous. Head moderately convex, some- what narrowing anteriorly, sometimes paler than the general surface, eyes black, the tylus not deeply bounded at the basal suture, the antennx slender and short, pale, but infuscated on the fourth joint and apex of the third, rostrum yellowish or greenish, infuscated at tip reaching to behind the anterior cox, the basal joint thick, a little longer than the throat, the following joints tapering slenderly to the tip. Pronotum moderately short, convex, the posterior margin a little curved, acute, slenderly bordered with white, pleura pale like the sternum. Legs pale yellowish, sometimes speckled with rufous. Seutellum and wing-covers usually pale fulvo-testaceous concurrently with most of the pronotum, the membrane pale testaceous, somewhat @Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., II, p. 225. 358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVI, dusky at tip. Venter sometimes flecked or flushed with rufous, but usually testaceous when freshly extruded from nympha. Outer mar- gins of venter pale and smooth. Length to tip of hemelytra, 43-5 mm. Width of pronotum, 14mm. Two or three specimens were secured August 12. Mr. B. D. Walsh sent specimens to me from Rock Island, Illinois, and I have examined others from eastern Colorado, from Buffalo, New York, taken by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, and from Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina. It is closely related to //. rubtcunda Fallen of Switzerland and Bavaria. MYCTEROCORIS, new genus. Robust, broadly oval, with thick and hard shell, polished, irregu- larly punctate, the sparse pubescence inconspicuous. The head small, acutely triangular above, much narrower than the front of pronotum, the eyes prominent, subglobular, placed distant from the prono- tum. The occipital collar distinctly prominent, bounded anteriorly by an incised line, separated behind by an angular depressed space. Face sloping curvedly forward, the tylus narrow, tapering apically, bounded at base and each side by deep sutures. Cheeks short, nearly vertical. Antenne slender, placed beneath the eyes, the basal joint short, not much longer than the thickness of the head, thickest apic- ally, cylindrical, one grade thinner than the basal one, a little longer than the pronotum, the following joints concurrently filiform, much more slender, short, each one hardly as long as the basal joint. Ros- trum long, slender, the basal joint broad, flattened, a little longer than the gula, the following ones much more slender, the apex reaching behind the posterior coxe. Pronotum prominently convex, wider than long, with a high collum and prominent callosities, the lateral margins curving steeply downward and curvedly narrowing toward the anterior angles, the posterior margin acute edged and curved. The prosternum broadly and deeply scooped out. Fore-femora stout, fusiform. Seutellum small, polished, prominent, the basal portion tumidly convex. Corium broad, convex, strongly curved on the cos- tal border, the cuneus broad, bluntly curvedly, triangular, flat, and depressed, the membrane long and wide, wrinkled at base, with the vein of the cell very coarse, and the inner areole not defined. This genus comes between Huramosus Reuter and Camptobrochis Fieber, and it goes far toward connecting the divisions Capsaria and Bryocoraria as now recognized. MYCTEROCORIS CERACHATES Uhler. Derzxocoris cerachates UHLER, Heteropt. Lower California, California Acad., IV, 1894, p. 265. Two specimens of this remarkable insect were secured August 12 and 16. It comes very near to Camptobrochis Fieber, but deviates therefrom in the composition of the head and antenne. > no. 1360. NEW MEXICAN HEMIPTERA—HETEROPTERA—UHLER. 359 CAMPTOBROCHIS NEBULOSUS Uhler. * Camptobrochis nebulosus UntER, Hayden, Report Geol. Sury. Montana, 1872, p- 417. Two specimens of this widely distributed species were taken August 20. CAMPTOBROCHIS GRANDIS Uhler. Camptobrochis grandis Un.er, Entom. Amer., I1, 1887, p. 230. Five specimens were secured August 2,5, 7, and 11. These speci- mens show well the individual variations. CAMPTOBROCHIS BREVIS, new species. Medium in size, robust, ground color dark piceous in clean speci- mens, marked with black, highly polished, black beneath. Head short, strongly contracted before the pronotum, coal black, highly polished, the antenne long and slender, the basal joint a little longer than the ver- tex, second joint cylindrical, slightly thickened at tip, more than twice the length of the basal one, piceo-testaceous darker at base and tip, the third and fourth a little more slender, dark piceous, the two sub- equal, together shorter than the second. Rostrum black, reaching to near the posterior coxe. Pronotum black, polished, very convex, coarsely, unevenly transverse rugulose and punctate, the lateral mar- gins curvedly oblique, steep, the collum and callosities sharply defined. Pleurites coarsely rugose punctate, deep black. _Humeral angles mod- erately rounded, the adjoining impression nearly obsolete. Scutellum black, moderately convex, irregularly and unevenly punctate, the apical division lower than the basal. Clavus black, coarsely and roughly punctate, the sutures deeply defined, the corium less coarsely and not so closely punctate, piceous or black, the cuneus shagreened and punctate, membrane soiled white, the basal areole broad, with the outer vein strongly curved. Legs black, polished. Venter black, polished, minutely obsoletely punctate. Length to tip of membrane, 4mm. Width of pronotum, 14 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6851, U.S.N.M. Four specimens were secured August 10. NEOBORUS SAXEUS Distant. Neoborus saxeus Distant, Biol. Cent.-Amer., I, p. 276, pl. xxvuy, fig. 5. A single damaged example was taken August 5. This species in one or more of its varieties inhabits the greater part of the United States, excepting, perhaps, the high mountains, and it spreads over the border into the Provinces of Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia. — It is found also in Mexico and on the peninsula of Lower California. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03——24 360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVI, PILOPHORUS AMCENUS Uhler. Pilophorus amenus Unuer, Ent. Amer., III, 1887, p. 30. Three specimens were taken August 12. This species inhabits the scrub pine on the coastal plain of the Atlantic States in June and July. ILNACORA VIRIDIS Uhler. Iinacora viridis UniEr, Gillette and Baker, Report Col. Exper, Station, 1895, p. 41- Two distorted flabby specimens were found August 10. STHENAROPS CHLORIS Uhler. Sthenarops chloris Unumr, Hayden, Bull. Geol. Survey, III, No. 2, me 419. Two specimens were taken August 10. MALACOCORIS sp? Two specimens were secured, but they are not good enough for description. ONCOTYLUS LONGIPENNIS Uhler. Oncotylus longipennis Unter, Gillette and Baker, Col. Report Exper. Station, 1895, p. 48. Three specimens were taken August 10 and 11. HALTICUS INTERMEDIUS, new species. Coal black, highly polished, broadly ovate, triangularly narrowing from base of hemelytra to front of head, and of medium convexity. Head narrow, highly polished, with deep sutures bounding the rough occiput and the inner margin of the eyes, the face very convex, narrow, triangular, the tylus prominent. Antenne mostly testaceous, long and very slender, reaching to about the base of the cuneus, the basal joint a little thicker than the following one, dark in the middle, short, projecting a little in front of the eyes, the second nearly as long as the pronotum, the third and fourth still more slender, the two together about as long as the second. Rostrum black, reaching the middle coxe. Pronotum triangularly narrowing toward the head, the lateral margins very slenderly reflexed, the surface very moderately convex, feebly wrinkled anteriorly, the callosities obsolete, and the posterior margin a little curved. Scutellum moderately convex, obsoletely scabrous, acute at tip. Corium convexly inflated posteriorly, more pol- ished and less scabrous on that part, sutures deep, the costal margin strongly curved, thick, prominent, but not steeply curved down, mem- brane smoky white, broad, with the cuneus depressed. Legs coal black, the knees, tibiz, and tarsi pale testaceous. Pleurites scabrous, the venter highly polished. Length to tip of membrane 23-3 mm. Width of pronotum about 1mm. Width across hemelytra 13 to 1? mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6852, U.S.N.M. wo. 1360. NEW MEXICAN HEMIPTERA—HETEROPTERA—UHLER. 36] A pair of these insects were secured August 12 in the canyon near Las Vegas. This species is less convex than //. n7¢/dus Uhler, but more so than IT. bractatus Say. STIPHROSOMA ATRATA Uhler. Stiphrosoma atrata Ururr, Cal. Acad. Sci. Trans., [V, 1894, p. 268. Two specimens were taken in the canyon near Las Vegas Hot Springs, August 12. This species comes very near to the eastern S. stygica Say, which lives on the Baccharis halimifolia on our Atlantic tidewater beaches, in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, New Jersey, ete. BOLTERIA AMICTA Uhler. Bolteria amnicta UnuER, Entom. Amer., III, 1887, p. 34. Three specimens were captured August 16. The species is a very variable one. AGALLIASTES ASSOCIATUS Uhler. Agalliastes associatus UnLER, Hayden, Report Geol. Sury. Montana, 1872, p. 419. gas, Hot Springs, August Several specimens were taken near Las Ve et LT. ATOMOSCELIS SERIATUS Reuter. Atomoscelis seriatus Reuter, Caps. ex Bor. Amer., p. 91. Two or more specimens of this neat little insect were secured August 5 and 10. Family CERATOCOMBID 2%. CERATOCOMBUS BRASILIENSIS Reuter. > Ceratocombus brasiliensis Reutrr, Monog. Ceratocomb., 1871, p. 7, no. 3. One specimen, which appears to belong to this species, was found August 14. It is smaller than normal, and the white spots of the corium seem relatively large. CERATOCOMBUS NIGER, new species. Form nearly like C. brasiliensis Reuter, black, almost opaque, mi- nutely, indistinctly pilose. Head a little more robust than in the species cited above, the antenne long and thick, the rostrum stout, reaching to the posterior cox. Pronotum very moderately convex above, the transverse line distinctly defined and deeply impressed on the lateral margins, humeri prominent; the sternum and pleura pice- ous, dull bluish black, with the coxal areas dull testaceous. Legs dull 362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVIL, yellowish. Hemelytra dull black, coriaceous almost to the tip, not ereatly elongated, a little wider than in the preceding species. The scutellum is small, but tumidly convex. Length to tip of hemelytra 1} mm. Humeral width } mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6846, U.S.N.M. Two specimens were found August 3 and 7. One specimen is much stouter than the other, and it has shorter hemelytra, but it has been somewhat distorted by compression. CERATOCOMBUS LATIPENNIS, new species. Body black, polished, shining; hemelytra dull testaceous, excepting the base. Head narrow, polished, black, antennz piceous black, rostrum black, reaching to the middle coxx. Pronotum almost flat, a little wider than long, black, polished, the humeri slightly prominent, the incised line more distinct at the lateral margins. Legs piceous. Underside piceous black. Scutellum small, prominently convex, black, polished. Hemelytra broad, flat, obscurely, testaceous, except- ing the base, broadly rounded at tip, moderately coriaceous. Length to tip of hemelytra 15 mm. Width of pronotum $ mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6847, U.S.N.M. Two specimens were secured August 13 and 17. The insufficiency of specimens for analysis in this genus has made it impossible for me to recognize various elements of structure which might render more distinct the separation of these supposed new spe- cies. Possibly this last form may constitute a new genus. Family TINGITID. TELEONEMIA NIGRINA Champion. Teleonemia nigrina CHAamPrion, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhynchota, II, 1898, p. 41 g ’ ? J ’ ? ? ? pistachios: Several specimens were collected August 1, 13, and 14. CORYTHUCA DECENS Stal. Corythuca decens SvAu, Stettin. Ent. Zeit., X XIII, p. 324. Three specimens were taken August 6. GALEATUS-PECKHAMI Ashmead. Galeatus peckhami AsHmMEAD, Ent. Amer., III, p. 156. One specimen of this singular species was secured August 3. This is another unexpected addition to the Heteroptera of New Mexico. The wide interval between Massachusetts and Muskoka, Canada, and from thence to Las Vegas, New Mexico, has not yet been covered by collectors, but the dispersion of such feeble insects as this must have called for physical atmospheric activities of immensely wide range to no. 1360. NEW MEXICAN HEMIPTERA—HETEROPTERA—UHLER. 363 settle this insect in spots thousands of miles apart. The swift winds blowing in summer from the region of southwest Texas might readily be a factor in transporting weak insects. The winds both seaward and landward do this work on a vast scale along the Atlantic coast, from southern Florida to Long Island, New York, at frequent inter- vals, especially in the tidal estuaries of rivers and on shores of bays. Family ARADID 4. BRACHYRHYNCHUS EMARGINATUS Say. Brachyrhynchus emarginatus Say, Heteropt. N. Amer., p. 30. One specimen was found August 6. ARADUS AMERICANUS Herrich-Scheffer. Aradus americanus Herricu-ScH#FFER, Wanz. Ins., VIII, p. 115, fig. 889. One adult specimen and three laryee were found August 6 and 9, ARADUS LUGUBRIS Fallen. Aradus lugubris FALLEN, Hemipt. Suec, p. 139. Two specimens were taken August 3 and 11. Family ANTHOCORID. ANTHOCORIS NIGRIPES Reuter. Anthocoris nigripes Rev'rer, Monog. Anthoe., p. 69. Four or five specimens in different states of coloring were found August 2, 6, and 12. ANTHOCORIS FULVIPENNIS Reuter. Anthocoris fulvipennis Reuter, Monog. Anthoc., p. 69. A few specimens of this very variable species were taken August 5 and 13. Much uncertainty attends the determination of these speci- mens. They deviate from the description, and all differ from one type of color and marking. PIEZOSTETHUS CALIFORNICUS Reuter. Piezostethus californicus Reurrr, Monog. Anthoce., p. 46. Two specimens were secured August 13. They agree with the type as it appears in California. Subfamily CORISCID®. CORISCUS SERICANS Reuter. Coriscus sericans Reuter, Monog. Corise., Oefy. Vet. Akad. Forhandl., 1872, p. 88. One specimen was taken August 2. 364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVIL, Family REDUVIID. ACHOLLA AMPLIATA Stal. Acholla ampliata SvAt, Enum. Hemipt., II, p. 72. Several examples were secured August 8, 10, 13, and 14. ZELUS LURIDUS Stal. Zelus luridus SvAu, Stett. Entom. Zeit., 1862, XXIII, p. 148. One specimen and a larva were found August 6 and 11. APIOMERUS PICTIPES Herrich-Scheffer. Apiomerus pictipes HerricH-ScH®FFER, Wanz. Ins., VIII, p. 75, fig. 845. One specimen of the dark variety was taken August 7, Family SALDIDZ. SALDA PALLIPES Fabricius. Salda pallipes.Fasrictus, Syst. Rhyng., p. 115, no. 12. Two specimens of the dark variety of this species were found August 2. Family NOTONECTID 4. NOTONECTA INSULATA Kirby. Notonecta insulata Kirpy, Faun. Bor. Amer., LV, p. 285. One specimen of this common form was secured August 7. ANISOPS CARINATUS Champion. Anisops carinatus CHAMPION, Biol. Centr.-Amer., I], p. 372, pl. xx11, fig. 12. One specimen, apparently a male, was taken August 14. A REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA, OR FLEAS, TOGETHER WITH A COMPETE LIST AND BIBLIOGRA- Ena Or THE GROUP. By Cart F. Baker, Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. INTRODUCTION. The present work was begun in 1890 at the suggestion of my friend and former teacher, Prof. A. J. Cook. His advice then was that usual to the thorough-going scientist, not to publish until some phase of the work had reached completion so far as circumstances permitted. At that time nothing whatever had been done on the group in America in a systematic way. It was supposed that this fact would make the taxonomic work at least ‘‘ plain sailing.” But the condition of the group in Europe had not been reckoned with. However, anatomical studies were begun and an attempt made to get together material and the literature. It was found that few collections contained more than an occasional dog flea, and the literature proved to be more extensive than was supposed. The impossibility of finding names for more than a very few of the species attracted attention to the need of systematic work very early, and an attempt was made to classify the few species then in the col- lection. This work was based on Taschenberg’s Die Fléhe, and the results were published in 1895 as Preliminary Studies. It was evi- dently a step in the right direction, for while many of the results were merely tentative, yet it attracted much attention fo a badly neglected group, and material came in much more rapidly afterward and from many quarters. Here should be mentioned particularly those whose interest in the subject has made possible our far fuller present knowl- edge of the American species: Prof. J. M. Aldrich, Moscow, Idaho; Dr. C. Berg, Buenos Ayres, Argentina; Prof. Lawrence Bruner, Lincoln, Nebraska; Prof. A. B. Cordley, Corvallis, Oregon; Dr. A. Dugés, Guanajuato, Mexico; Mr. Edward Ehrhorn, Mountain View, California; Dr. A. K. Fisher, PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXVII—No. 1361. 565 366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Department of Agriculture, Washington City; Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa, Canada; Prof. C. P. Gillette, Fort Collins, Colorado; Dr. L. O. Howard, Washington City; Rev. J. H. Keen, Masset, Queen Charlotte Islands; Dr. A. Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Mr. G. 8. Miller, jr., U.S. National Museum, Washington City; Prof. A. P. Morse, Wellesley, Massachusetts; Prof. Herbert Osborn, Columbus, Ohio; Mrs. A. T. Slosson, Franconia, New Hampshire; Mr. J. O. Snyder, Stanford University, California; Mr. H. F. Wickham, lowa City, Iowa; Mr. D. B. Young, Newport, New York. The late Professors Harvey and Hubbard also made valuable contri- butions. Ido not believe that too much credit can be given those who are active collectors in biological work or who inspire active accumulation of material. Having already become convinced of the inadequacy of the Taschen- berg classification the work of Wagner came as nosurprise. It, together with the considerable accumulations of new material, made imperative a revision of the American species. It was hoped this time to make the work far more complete, embracing some comparative morpholog- ical and embryological studies, which are much needed. ‘The work as laid out would have been sufficient to consume the time available for such work during three years. Unforeseen contingencies made it imperative that work on this subject for the time being should be con- fined to one year or less. The logical course under the circumstances being the completion of work already in progress, the following paper, relating only to the taxonomy of the group, is presented as the direct result of part of one year’s work (1902). I have Dr. Kellogg to thank for a place to work during my stay at Stanford University. The plates were all prepared by the author. The paper is based upon material in the United States National Museum and all of the types are deposited in that Museum. The names of hosts have been revised by Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr. Con- cordance between the current nomenclature and the names used by previous writers on fleas is established in the list of Siphonaptera of the World (pp. 433 to 457), where the former will be found under the special heading //osts, and the latter are given after the references in the synonymy. HISTORY. The history of the Siphonaptera, taxonomically speaking, begins with the recognition of Pulex irritans in 1746 and of Pulex penetrans in 1767. In the following years various scattering descriptions of species and notes on anatomy and affinities were given by Bosc, Dugés, Westwood, Bouché, Haliday, and others, until 1857 when the Siphon- aptera received their first systematic treatment at the hands of NO. 1361, REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 367 Kolenati. In his Die Parasiten der Chiropteren, Kolenati describes six species of Ceratopsyllus and one of Pu/ex, parasitic on bats, placing them in the Diptera under Latreille’s group Phthiriomyix. A sim- ilar account of the bat fleas was also published the same year by the same author in the Wiener Entomologische Monatsschrift. In 1863 appeared Kolenati’s epoch-marking Beitriige zur Kenntnis der Phthiriomyiarien, in Hor Societze Entomologice Rossice. On this work our modern classification of the Siphonaptera is largely based. It includes, besides the treatment of this group, also a mono- graph of the parasitic flies of the families Nycteribide and Streblide. Some of Kolenati’s work is difficult to decipher on account of the very meager descriptions and the extremely poor illustrations pre- sented. Fortunately,some of the specimens on which his work was based still exist in St. Petersburg, where they have been studied by Dr. Wagner with very important results. Kolenati used eight gen- eric names, of which we now apply six to valid groups. For many years this work remained the most complete systematic account of the group. Between the years 1860 and 1880 but little was done on systematic work, collecting, and comparative studies. But during that period there appeared several monumental anatomical papers which have done much toward raising the standard of work in the group and dignifying the study of these very remarkable but much despised insects. Nota- ble among these are Karsten’s study of Sarcopsylla penetrans, Landois’ anatomy of the dog flea, and Berté’s careful work on the antenne of fleas. During this period also we first have careful studies of the habits and development of fleas. In 1880 appeared the second epoch-marking monograph of the group by Dr. Otto Taschenberg. This was intended to be asummary of every- thing known on the group, together with a systematic rearrangement of the species, and with carefully drawn figures of each species. Dr. Taschenberg recognized 2 families and 5 genera, and lists 33 species, most of which he considers valid. The period from 1880 to the present time has been one of great activity in the study of this group, as was to be expected after the work of Karsten, Landois, Berté, Kraepelin, and ‘Taschenberg. Besides numerous scattering papers, we have the very important contributions, both anatomical and systematic, first of Wagner and later of Rothschild. The results from these two authors represent the highest grade of work yet done on the group, and give promise of as complete and scientific treatment as has been given any group of animals. HABITS. An excellent summary of the breeding habits of the cat and dog flea has been given in Bulletin No. 4, n. s., Division of Entomology, L896. 368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. That article relates to the larval and pupal stages and the conditions under which they live. These facts will not be restated here, as we have nothing new to add, but there are certain other aspects of the habits of fleas which very much need a fuller discussion. In recent discussions of the relations of parasitic and other insects to the transmission of disease, much space has been given to flies, especially mosquitoes, and but little to fleas. While as a matter of fact the latter may be of even greater importance, not only because of their more insidious attacks, but also because of their association with some of the most terrible diseases. The whole matter rests upon the host relations of the various species. It is a well known fact that the cat and dog flea will take very readily to the human being. It is to be noted that the cat and dog flea is closely related to Pulex trritans and similar to it in the more impor- tant details of structure. Some of the rabbit fleas, which are likewise closely related to P. 7rritans, will also readily attack the human being, which I had occasion to learn as a youth. While these fleas will remain on a human being for some little time and bite frequently while there, still they do not habitually frequent that host and his clothing and bed as does 2. ¢rr/tans. Among closely related animals or animals of very similar habits one species of flea may have a number of normal hosts. But our knowl- edge of this matter is exceedingly fragmentary and uncertain. Cases of temporary hosts being as common as they are, it becomes very probable that many of our records refer merely to the temporary host. A rabbit running into a badger hole, a mouse into a mole burrow, an owl eating a mouse, a cat devouring a rat—these and many other fortu- itous circumstances furnish conditions favorable for at least temporary transference. I have referred to a number of these cases in the account of the separate species. The character of the hair and thickness of skin was at first consid- ered as controlling the range of parasites, due to the close relation these conditions must have to the structure of the flea, especially the length of mouth parts and covering of bristles. Exceptions were soon found to this rule, though in general such relations may be said to exist. Excluding the accidental records on carnivorous animals, we may say that in the United States the cat, dog, and rabbit fleas are closely related. to P. 7rritans and will readily attack the human being, while the mouse, rat, squirrel, mole, and shrew fleas are not closely related to P. ‘rritans and have never been known to bite the human being. Mr. F. H. Chittenden wrote me that he believed rat fleas sometimes bit human beings in Washington, but he has not yet verified this state- ment by the actual capture of specimens in the act. Nor do I know of any such records. South of the United States conditions are wholly different, and present an aspect of considerable economic importance, for here we No, 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 869 find fleas of the genus Pv/er much more nearly related to P. /rr/tans than even the cat and dog flea, living on rats and mice and other small rodents. Dr. Dugés had found, a number of years ago, one such species to be abundant on a spermophile in Mexico. Later I had several letters relative to this matter from Dr. Lutz, director of the bacteriological laboratory at Sao Paulo, Brazil. He outlined briefly the importance of the facts to be determined, and sent material of the greatest significance—typical Pu/ex. from rats and mice. We shall look with great interest for the full elucidation of this subject by the experimental work from Dr. Lutz’s laboratory. As to the other tropical regions we know practically nothing. | have no records of fleas from India. However, from Asia north of India come true Pu/exr from the smaller rodents, and from the island of Socotra we have Pulex pallidus described as oecurring on Jus albipes, so that we may expect to find true Py/ex on rats in the Indian region. ANATOMY. The classical works of Karsten, Landois, and Berté covered the gross anatomy of the Siphonaptera very fully. It has remained, how- ever, for Wagner and Rothschild to examine into the more minute details and more especially from the comparative point of view. Indeed, in comparative anatomy the work has just begun. The facts relative to the anatomy of fleas will not be recapitulated here as they are referred to extensively in the accounts of families, genera, and species. It may be well, however, to refer to certain special usages in the classification of the group. Kolenati paid almost no attention to cheetotaxy in his works, some- times scarcely giving a clear account of the ctenidia. Taschenberg was far clearer in that respect. Wagner and Rothschild have attached to it an importance equaling that it bears in the Diptera, and very properly so. In the present paper the term ‘‘spines” is applied to the ctenidial armature, and to the larger members of the leg and body armature; those of medium size are termed bristles and this includes most of the body armature; the finest and flexible ones are termed hairs. A few minute teeth often occur on the hind margins of some of the dorsal segments. Some of the bristles are, in general, very constant in position, notably those on the gene, hind margin of head, and abdominal segments, except the last. Others are yery vari- able in position among the various species and consequently very use- ful in classification, especially those on hind margin of antennal groove, vertex (this term here applied to that portion of head back of antennal grooves), last abdominal segments, genital organs, femora, tibix, and last joints of tarsi. The number of ctenidial spines on the head is usually very constant in any one species, while the number of spines 870 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVH. in thoracic or abdominal ctenidia is quite likely to vary two or even four in some species, especially in those species in which the ctenidia are laterally reduced. The exact homologies of the genital organs have yet to be worked out, though Rothschild has taken a long step in the right direction. In the present paper the terms ‘‘ lateral portion of ninth tergite” and ‘tenth tergite” are used as applied by Rothschild. The upper and most conspicuous pair of genital appendages are called ‘‘ upper claspers” and the paired organs, immediately below these, but more inconspicuous and retractile, ‘‘ lower claspers.” Of the later authors each has had a different method of stating the comparative lengths of the tarsal joints. It is a matter in which minute exactness is not only undesirable but impracticable, owing to the unevenness of the ends of the joints. In the present paper the proportion is given in terms of the fourth joint, which is given the empirical value of 5, due to its great similarity in size in the different legs and in different species. The measurements were taken by a camera lucida and the results reduced to the terms mentioned above. In the author’s practice this has greatly simplified the comparison of species. It may be noted that the rather strongly chitinized seminal vesicle in the females, which retains its shape after treatment with caustic potash, possesses a very characteristic form in many of the species. After mounting, it rests in various positions and this makes its com- parative study very difficult. CLASSIFICATION. Linneeus began with one genus, Pu/er, and one species, 7rritans, which will represent the type of Pudex always. Linneus afterwards described /?. penetrans. The first separation of penetrans as a dis- tinct genus occurred in 1815”¢ under the name Phynchoprion. 1 do not know why this name has been rejected. If there is no question as to its application, then it must be used instead of Surcopsylla and the family name will also change. The dismembering of Pulex began in 1832 with the Ceratophyllus of Curtis, and seven generic names were proposed by Kolenati. Most of these names represented somewhat artificial groups and were poorly defined. The reaction came with Taschenberg, who disregarded all the latter genera and returned to the Linnean Pulex for the greater portion of the species. Taschenberg is not, however, altogether con- sistent, although one can readily understand why he was tempted to reject all the inadequate work of his predecessors. However, Taschenberg describes /Zystrichopsylla and establishes a new genus, Typhlopsylla, for three groups combined, each of which had previ- ously received a generic name. “Oken, Naturg. f. alle Stiinde, III, p. 402. NO. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. oo The Siphonaptera seem to have suffé¢red especially from the disre- gard of all laws of priority. Lhynchoprion and [ectopsylla were dis- regarded and new names given the same groups. Species names were discarded for all sorts of reasons, often simply because they were more or less inappropriate. In this paper the attempt has been made to apply the rules of priority strictly, though it has been impossible to investigate fully such special cases as ?hynchoprion, Monopsyllus, ete. No writer on the fleas in the past has made any attempt to designate generic types, and this fact has given rise to the greatest difficulties. I have tried to determine this matter for all the genera, and the results are given below for the Pulicide. With the other, later genera, there is no difficulty. Pulew Linneus 1695; type, 7rritans Linneus. Ctenocephalus Kolenati 1859; type, canis Curtis (canis = noven- dentatus Kolenati). Ceratophyllus Curtis 1832; type, galline Schrank. = Ctenonotus Kolenati 1863; type, fasciatus Bose (fasciatus = octodecimdentatus Kolenati). = Trichopsylla Kolenati 1863; type, pencilliger Grube. Ctenophthalmus Kolenati 1863; type, b¢soctodentatus Kolenati. Ctenopsyllus Kolenati 1863; type, musculi Duges (musculi = quad- ridentatus Kolenati). Ceratopsyllus Kolenati 1863; type, pentactenus Kolenati = Typh/o- psylla Taschenberg 1880; type, octactenus Kolenati. Pencilliger, fasciatus, and galline are clearly congeneric. Tasch- enberg does not especially indicate a type for Zyphlopsylla, but no matter which is taken for the type the genus becomes synonymous with some other. I have indicated the first species under his genus as the type, thus throwing it into Ceratopsyllus. The two others of the three groups in Taschenberg’s Zyphlopsylla fall into Ctenopsy//us and Ctenophthalmus, respectively. It is to be noted that Wagner and Rothschild still use Zyph/opsylla for the same group to which the earlier name Ctenophthalmus was applied. Ctenophthalmus and some of the other genera may be artificial groups, but 7yph/opsy/la is still more so, founded as it was principally on the absence of eyes. This character has proven of scarcely more than specific value, every possible gradation occurring from Pu/ex to Ceratopsyllus. On the other hand, it is certain that Wagner’s reseparation and recharacterization of these genera will have to be much modified, due to reasons which are dilated upon in the discussions of genera. The synopsis used herein has been adopted simply as a matter of expediency in the study of the American species, as it was impossible to separate them either according to the scheme of Taschenberg or of Wagener. So the two have been combined. One hundred and thirty-five species are listed in this paper for the world. I have not the least doubt but that many hundreds will event- ually be found, and that these will fall into at least twenty-five or thirty 372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. clearly defined generic groups: As it is, every new lot of specimens which comes in changes one’s idea of the existing genera, making very evident the great danger in a too rapid increase of generic divisions. Species are now pouring into the collections in great numbers. Where large series from all over the world can be gathered together, there, within the next few years, must be accomplished the total recasting of the whole group on largely new and original lines. Logically this should be done at St. Petersburg, where the types of Kolenati and a large additional collection are to be found under the care of our most experienced siphonapterologist, and to him we relegate this work. SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN SPECIES. Order SIPHOGNA PP PER As Latreiulles 1798. SCHELLENBERG, Helvetische Entom., I, p. 15 (Rophoteira pt.). 1801. Lamarck, Syst. d. Anim. s. Vert., p. 313 (Aptera pt. ). 1805. LarrerLie, Hist. nat. des Crust. et des Insect., XIV (Suctoria, preoc. ). 1825. LaTREILLE, Fam. nat. du Régne Animal (Siphonaptera). 1826. Krrpy and Spence, Introd. to Entom., IV (Aphaniptera). 1840. Wersrwoop, Introd. to Mod. Class. of Ins., II, p. 488 (Aphaniptera). Body of adult, except in some gravid females, strongly compressed. Thorax composed dorsally of three separate, entire, simple, subequal sclerites. Mouth parts suctorial, consisting of stylate hypopharynx and mandi- bles resting between 1-13 jointed labial palpi; outside of these are usually laminate maxillee with four-jointed palpi; labrum and clypeus not distinctly separated. Eyes usually present as simple pigment masses in a chitinous frame- work on anterior border of antennal groove. Antenne immersed in grooves, three-jointed, the third joint with usually 9 more or less completely separated pseudojoints. Wings entirely absent. Metanotum on either side with a rounded epiphysis which is connate with the first abdominal segment. Tarsi five-jointed. The coxa is usually the longest ‘oint of the leg and the trochanters are well developed. The middle and posterior coxre usually have a foliaceous epiphysis on posterior border. Alimentary canal composed of a slender cesophagus, a suboval proventriculus which is lined with numerous chitinous ridges which may project as free teeth, an elongate saccate stomach at the base of which are four slender malpighian tubules, and a rectum provided with tracheated olands. Larva footless, with a well-developed head which possesses biting mandibles, rudimentary maxille, a well-formed labrum, and three- jointed antenne. Pupa inactive, but with free legs, and sometimes at least resting within a cocoon. . 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. Ole _ Imago parasitic on mammals and birds. Larva free-living, subsist- ing on dead organic matter. SYNOPSIS OF FAMILIES. a. Thoracic segments strongly shortened and constricted; labial palpi without pseudo articulations; third joint of antennze without clearly separated pseudojoints. b. Maxillee without or with very short and broad projecting laminz, their palpi extending beyond anterior cox; head strongly angulated anteriorly in both sexes; metathoracic epiphyses extending over nearly two or even three abdom- inal segments; the female becoming endoparasitic when gravid, with globose, enormously dilated abdomen, in which the original chitinous sclerites are PemvEO erated 9925-2. 2. 255-5. 22 sets eee SARCOPSYLLIDE (p. 373). bb. Maxillzee with a long, narrow, curved lamina which projects downward and backward, their palpi equaling the anterior coxee; head evenly rounded in both sexes; metathoracic epiphyses extending over but one abdominal seg- ment; gravid female with abdomen vermiform --...HEcropsyLLip& (p. 375). aa. Thoracic segments not strongly shortened and constricted, their epiphyses extend- ing over but one abdominal segment; labial palpi with three or more pseudo- joints; maxillary palpi almost always shorter than anterior coxee; third joint of antennz with nine more or less distinctly separated pseudojoints. 6. Labial palpi with 11-13 pseudojoints; abdomen of gravid female much swollen; amrepyeidial bristles absent -....-.--.-+.---------- VERMIPSYLLID® (p. 376). bb. Labial palpi with 3-5 pseudojoints; antepygidial bristles always present. c. Fore tibiz armed on posterior border with few, single, very large, black teeth; fifth tarsal joint greatly enlarged, those on forelegs as long as rest of tarsus, on all legs with the claws nearly as long as the fifth joint; fore coxze nearly nude, with but few long spines; body of gravid female considerably SU eTiNenE eae tN es eiers ee 2 te ec eens San oe MinGarsynLmDa (p: 3/6); cc. Fore tibiz armed on posterior border with slender spines; fifth tarsal joint never greatly enlarged, never as long as rest of tarsus; the claws shorter; fore coxee always clothed on outside with several to numerous oblique rows of bristles; body of gravid female never swollen so as to expose exten- sive areas of connective membrane -.-.---------------- PULICIDH (p. 377). Family SARCOPSYLLID Taschenberg. 1880. TascHenperG, Die Fléhe, p. 43. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 20. This is the most highly specialized family of the order. The reduced condition of the maxille, labial palpi, third joint of antenne, thorax, and coxe are distinctive. SYNOPSIS OF GENERA. a. Maxillee without projecting lamina; angle of head produced; imetathoracic epiphy- ses of great size, extending over three abdominal segments; fifth tarsal joint without lateral heavy spines, and rest of legs almost spineless. Sarcopsylla (p. 374). aa. Maxillee with a very short and broad projecting lamina; angle of head not pro- duced; metathoracic epiphyses of medium size, extending over scarcely two abdominal segments; fifth tarsal joint normally armed, as are also the other NE REE se so en ee ee Yestopsylla (p. 374). 374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVH. Genus SARCOPSYLLA Westwood. : 1815. Rhynchoprion OKEN, Naturgesch. f. alle Stiinde, III, p. 402. 1829. Dermatophilus GuERIN, Iconograph. d. régne animal. Insects, p. 12. 1836-40. Sarcopsylla Westwoop, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., II, p. 199. 1862. Sarcopsylla Kotenatt, Horee Soc. Ent. Ross., IH, p. 28. 1880. Sarcopsylla TASCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 44. 1895. Sarcopsylla Baker, Canad. Ent., X X VII, p. 20. SARCOPSYLLA PENETRANS Linnzus. There seems to be little doubt that as this name has been used, it is a composite species—an aggregate of several distinct forms. AI forms having females with the peculiar habits of the original penetrans, have been previously referred to this species without question and usually without study. For the proper study of a species in this genus the student should have especially the male and the free female. The encysted female is of comparatively little value, and this is especially trué of the material usually preserved in collections in which head, legs, and thorax are very likely to be torn away in consequence of lack of care in the removal from the cyst. It is probable that the common form of the American tropics which attacks the domestic animals and man is to be regarded as the true penetrans. But a variety of wild animals which never associate with the domes- tic, possess similar forms, and the males and free females of these should be carefully collected and studied. Westwood notes that Pohl and Kollar consider the Bicho de Cachorro or dog chigoe distinct from the Bicho de pie or S. penetrans. ay Variously known as Jigger,” Chique, Chigoe, Tique, Bicho, Pico, — Pique, Sico, Tschike, Nigua, Tunga, Ti Ton, Taingay or Aagrani (see Taschenberg), S. penctrans (sens. lat.) is a troublesome pest in some parts of Mexico, West Indies, and Central and South America, as well as in some tropical regions elsewhere. There is no authentic record of its occurrence within the borders of the United States, though it may be expected in Florida and southern Texas. In attacking man it seems to generally affect the feet, getting under the toe nails and pro- ducing painful sores which become serious by neglect. A sharp knife point and an antiseptic wash furnish the required treatment. Genus XESTOPSYLLA, new genus: Type, Sarcopsylla gallinacea Westwood. This form seems so out of place in Sarcopsylla that it is here sepa- rated as a distinct genus. It differs from S. penetrans very widely in structure. « This name is commonly applied in the United States to our very troublesome red inite. No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 315 XESTOPSYLLA GALLINACEA (Westwood) Baker. This species was first described from Ceylon, but the common hen flea of our Southern States, which was undoubtedly introduced, appears to be the same thing. It isa common pest from Florida to Texas. It was also found in large numbers on horses at Orangeburg, South Carolina. Perhaps a near-by hen roost would explain this latter occurrence. The collection does not contain specimens from outside the Soathern States. Judge Lawrence C. Johnson presents a very full and interesting account of the habits of this insect.“ He says it affects not only hens, but turkeys, cats, dogs, cattle, horses, and children. He also gives the first lucid account of the exact manner in which encystment takes place. This matter was formerly dismissed with the statement that the insect ‘‘ burrowed into” or ‘* penetrated” the skin. Judge Jobn- son says that the great irritation produced by the female fastening itself at one spot finally produces a surrounding welt or tumefaction which closes over it, though the inclosure is apparently never wholly complete. Family HECTOPSYLLID, new family. The genus Hectopsylla is here separated as constituting a group equivalent in value to the other families. In some respects it is the most remarkably distinct group of the order. Genus HECTOPSYLLA Frauenfeld. 1860. Hectopsylla FRAvENFELD, Artzungab. d. k. Acad. d. Wiss. Wien, XL, p. 462. 1880. Rhynchopsylla Hauuer, Archiv. f. Naturgesch. Jahrg., XLVI, p. 72, pl. tv. 1880. Rhynchopsylla TAscHENBERG, Die FlOhe, p. 56. 1895. Hectopsylla Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 21. If, as Taschenberg indicates, there can be no question as to the identity of Rhynchopsylla and Hectopsylla, then there can also be no question as to which name we must use. HECTOPSYLLA PSITTACI Frauenfeld. This remarkable insect was first described from Ceylon as occurring on a parrot (Psittacus sp.). Later it was also found on an alcoholic specimen of a Vyctinomus. One of the two occurrences was probably accidental, but which, remains to be determined. Except for the reports of Frauenfeld and of Haller, it has remained unknown, though it may not be infrequent on its proper host. «Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I, p. 59. Proc. N. M. vol, xxvii—03——25 376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Family VERMIPSYLLIDA Wagner. 1889. Vermipsyllide WAGNER, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., X XIII, No. 1-2, p. 205. 1895. Vernipsyllide Baker, Canad. Ent., X XVII, p. 22. This family is characterized espec ay. by the extreme development of labial palpi. Genus VERMIPSYLLA Schimkewitseh. 1885. Vermipsylla SCHIMKEWItTScH, Zool. Anz., No. 87. 1889. Vermipsylla WAGNER, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., X XIII, Nos. 1-2, p. 205. 1895. Vermipsylla BAKER, Canad. Ent., X X VII, p. 22. Contains but one species (V. alacurt Schimkewitsch). Found only on Ungulates in Turkestan. Family MEGAPSYLLID Baker. 1898. Megapsyllide Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., IV, p. 53. Recognizing the remarkable distinctness of the Pulex grossiventris of Weyenberg from any Pulicidee, it was referred to in the Prelimi- nary Studies as a good species of Sarcopsylla. Later, a study of specimens kindly sent by Dr. Berg, of Buenos Ayres, showed this to be a very erroneous reference, the species really being a much closer relative of Pulev. As it represented a group equivalent to Vermi- psyllidze, or Sarcopsyllide, it was made the type of a new family. The fifth tarsal joint is very closely inserted into the fourth, and beneath the apex of that joint, this giving the subconnate appearance as described. The enormous claws and spines of fore tibiz are dis-_ tinctive. In the somewhat reduced maxille it resembles the Sarcopsyl- lide, but the female abdomen does not become swollen to the extent found in the Sarcopsyllidz or even in the Vermipsyllide. Genus MEGAPSYLLA Baker. 1898. Megapsylla Baker, Journ N. Y. Ent. Soc., IV, p. 53. Head evenly rounded above in female; uneven and unituberculate in front in the male. Prothorax in the female with five or seven remote, short, stout, dark-brown teeth; in the male unarmed. Fore tibix very small and short, but swollen. Maxille small, extending only to one-half of second joint of maxillary palpi. Labial palpi 5-jointed. MEGAPSYLLA GROSSIVENTRIS (Weyenberg) Baker. Lives on Zaédyus minutus in Argentina. One of the largest (male, 2.5-3.25 mm.; gravid female, 6-6.5 mm.) and most distinctly marked of the known fleas. No, 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. Sit Family PULICID.4® Stephens. 1829. Pulicide SternHEns, Syst. Cat. British Insects. 1880. Pulicide TascHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 62. 1895. Pulicide Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 20. As used by Stephens for the British species, this is its first applica- tion to that group of which the genus //ex is the type genus. TABLE OF GENERA. a. Maxille long triangular, acute at apex. b. Abdominal tergites never with ctenidia. c. Posterior tibial spines in pairs and not in a very close-set row. d. Last tarsal joint on all the tarsi with a marginal row of four stout spines on each side beneath; eyes always large and well developed; hind coxal epi- physis narrowing distally into the coxa, forming a poorly defined notch or none; female with but one antepygidial bridle on each side. Bet esa WAGNOUbCLENICIa. <2. - 2.54.24) sees. smc cle Oat Le eed Pulea (p. 378). ee. Head and prothoraxewith ctenidia_........------ Ctenocephalus (p. 384.) dd. Last tarsal joint with five pairs of stout spines beneath, at least on anterior tarsi; sometimes only four on middle or hind tarsi and then eyes wanting. e. Maxillary palpi rarely extending to half or three-fourths of anterior cox; prothorax with a ctenidium; hind coxal epiphysis forming dis- tally with the coxa a shallow notch; female with three antepygidial bristles on each side. f. Head without ctenidia; eyes usually well developed. Ceratophyllus (p. 385). Jf. Head with ctenidia; eyes usually very rudimentary. Clenophthalmus (p. 420). ee. Maxillary palpi exceeding anterior coxze; eyes totally wanting; head and prothorax without ctenidia; hind coxal epiphysis forming distally with the coxa a deep notch, subtended outwardly by a produced acute limb; female with one antepygidial bristle on each side. Anomiopsyllus (p. 425). cc. Posterior tibial spines mostly single and in a close-set row; face sloping down and back from the forehead, thus the whole head more or less conical; eyes wanting. d. Head of female without a cap-like patella in front, but with or without nearly perpendicular ctenidia on genze; the normal female with three or four antepygidial bristles on each side -...-.----- Ctenopsyllus (p. 426). dd. Head of female with cap-like patella armed with a ctenidium on its posterior border; genz with subperpendicular ctenidia; mandibles extremely slender; female with but one antepygidial bristle on each At] Cee eee eee ea eb a, Bape Seb eT a TY Stephanocireus (p. 430. ) bb. Abdominal tergites with one or more ctenidia; posterior tibial spines in numerous, short, close-set transverse rows on posterior border, with about four spines in each row; female with four antepygidial bristles on each Ei ne RY Ree i a See Hystrichopsylla (p. 482). aa. Maxillve clavate or subquadrangular; face strongly sloping forward and recurved just above the mouth, where there are two tooth-like plates on each side; eyes absent; pronotum and usually abdomen with ctenidia; confined to TU RESO epee Eo) ok aa Aa oe eh Ceratopsyllus (p. 482). 378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. ' Genus PULEX Linnzeus. 1758. Pulex Linnxus, Systema Nature, 10th ed., I, p. 614. 1840. Pulex Wrstwoop, Introd. to Mod. Classif. of Ins., II, Gen. Synop., p. 124. 1857. ? Monopsyllus KoLeNati, Wiener Entom. Monats., I, p. 65. 1863. Pulex and Trichopsyllus KoLENati, Horee Soc. Ent. Ross., II, p. 29. 1898. Pulex WAGNER, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 21. Though 7rritans is the type of this genus, still we have included three species possessing pronotal ctenidia. In one of these, however, the number of spines is unusually reduced, showing a transition in this respect toward 77ritans. SYNOPSIS OF AMERICAN SPECIES. a. Prothorax without ctenidial spines. b. Abdominal tergites with but one distinct transverse row of bristles, and without minute teeth; inner side of hind coxa distally with an oblique row of minute teeth; vertex without transverse rows of bristles; hind margin of antennal groove with a few weak hairs. c. Teeth on inner side of hind coxa numerous and in an irregular row; labial palpi apparently 3-jointed; fifth tarsal joint without minute hairs on disk. d. Labial palpi extending about one-half the length of anterior coxe. irritans (p. 379). dd. Labial palpi extending three-fourths the length of anterior cox or TINO 62 Se ay Ne MeN =e ape EN de ne ae pee dugesti (p. 379). cc. Teeth on inner side of hind coxze six in number and ina regular row; labial palpi as long or longer than the anterior coxze, and apparently 4-jointed; fifth tarsal joint with minute hairs on disk ..........- brasiliensis (p. 379). bb. Abdominal tergites with two distinct rows of bristles; hind margin of metano- tum, and first, second, and third tergites with small teeth; inner side of hind coxee without minute teeth; vertex with two transverse rows of bristles; hind margin of antennal groove with a close-set row of numerous minute teeth. c. Abdominal tergites all with a second row of numerous small bristles; hind margin of antennal groove with about a dozen minute teeth; maxillary palpi with second and fourth joints nearly equal and longer than the first, which is longer than the third; first three abdominal tergites with minute teeth, the first with about 11 on each side, the last with about three on each side; hind tibize with spineson hind margin short and weak and with many short bristles on the outer side in several longitudinal rows ..---- bohisii (1p. 380). cc. Abdominal tergites without a distinct second row of bristles excepting on first two, the remainder with but one or two bristles on each side in place of second row; hind margin of antennal groove with a thick-set row of about 25 minute but well-developed teeth; maxillary palpi with first and third joints nearly equal and second longer than fourth; first abdominal tergite only with minute teeth; hind tibize with long, strong spines on the hind margin and about eight stout bristles on the outer side -_--- lutzii (p. 380). aa. Prothorax with a ctenidium. 6. Pronotall ctenidium with about 9)spinese- = 225-4. 2---55=-—- anomalus (p. 381). bb. Pronotal ctenidium with about 17 spines. c. Vestiture of spines and bristles rather heavy; a spine on hind distal angle of second joint of hind tarsi as long as joints 3 and 4 and three-fourths of 5 together; upper male claspers short and stout, lower claspers shaggy, with GS 62 2 Se en ao Re ecg eee ete ee ca affinis (p. 382). ce. Vestiture comparatively light; a spine on hind distal angle of second joint of hind tarsi as long as joints 3 and 4 and scarcely one-fourth of 5, together; upper male claspers long and slender, lower claspers with few hairs. lynx (p. 383). o No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 379 PULEX IRRITANS Linnezus. Plate XI, figs. 3-6. This, the earliest described member of the order, is the best known species of the world next to the cat and dog flea, and appears to be nearly cosmopolitan in the warmer temperate and in the tropical regions. It is the specific flea of human beings, but it will readily attack a variety of other animals which may happen in its way, as a transient parasite. It is common in dwelling houses within its range, and is also common in other places frequented by human beings, like parks, picnic grounds, and sea beaches. The collection contains speci- mens from California, Queen Charlotte Islands, Texas, and the South- eastern States. It has been taken from DPidelphis virginiana (this form the variety s¢mulans), and Mr. J. O. Snyder contributes speci- mens taken on a fox at San Diego, California. Both of these latter occurrences are to be considered as accidental. PULEX DUGESII Baker. First described as a variety of 77r7tans, this form is now given the rank of a species. The examination of a large series shows the char- acters to be uniform and thoroughly distinctive. Dr. Dugés kindly sent a second lot from Guanajuato, Mexico, also taken from C7te//us macrourus. This is its onty known locality and host. The propor- tional lengths of hind tarsal joints are about 21—13-8—5-15, or nearly the same as in 7rritans. PULEX BRASILIENSIS, new species. Dr. Lutz sends a very distinct form occurring on J/us rattus and Mus norvegicus at Sao Paulo, Brazil. The abdominal segments each bear but one transverse row of bris- tles; those on tergites, with about fourteen bristles each; those on sternites, with about eight each. On the inner side of hind coxa there are only six teeth in a short transverse row. The hind femora are provided laterally with a longitudinal row of about eight well- developed bristles. The proportional lengths of hind tarsal joints are about 28—-18-9-5-11. Antepygidial spines, one on each side; protho- rax, with about eight bristles near posterior border; mesothorax, with about twelve, and metathorax, with about fourteen. Mandibles and labial palpi slender and nearly reaching end of ante- rior coxe. Labial palpi apparently composed of 4 joints. Below the eye the gena is somewhat laminately extended over the antennal groove. Gena with two stout spines, one in front of upper extremity of eye, the other on lower edge over base of maxilla. Vertex with a row of five or six small bristles on either side along posterior margin, a stout one at lateral angle, a stout one at midway of antennal groove, and a small one above this last. 380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Style in feinale rather slender, tapering distally, and armed only with one long apical bristle. Substylar flap triangular, obtuse at apex, two or three bristles at apex, and four to six on upper margin. Caudal margin of eighth segment laterally with about eight to twelve large, stout spines, just before which are a similar number of smaller ones, and some distance behind which are two parallel rows of similar but fewer spines. In the male the antepygidial bristles are elevated on well-developed tubercles. The upper claspers are small, slender, elliptical, and armed on outer surface with about six large spines as long as the whole organ, their bases close together and occupying about a third of the outer surface. Length, female 5.5 mm.; male, 3.5 mm. Color, light brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6895, U.S.N.M. PULEX BOHLSII Wagner. Dr. Wagner described this species from a single specimen sent him by Herr Poppe. It is an American species collected in Paraguay by Dr. Bohls, but the host is unknown. Wagner presents a drawing of the whole insect, excepting the legs, and gives a thorough description, so that it may be readily recognized when rediscovered. The vestiture is very dense for this section of the genus. The distinctive characters are given as far as possible in the synopsis. Wagner does not describe the armature on hind margin of antennal groove, so that this character was taken from his drawing. Neither does he figure the stylet of the female, although the individual illustrated was of this sex The pro- portional lengths of hind tarsal joints are about 29—-19-10-5-L0. The median projection of the seventh abdominal tergite is a very noteworthy character, but slightly foreshadowed in ¢rritans. It is very distinct in the drawing of bo//s77, in which, however, it does not reach beyond one-half the length of eighth tergite. PULEX LUTZII, new species. Nearly related to P. boh/s¢7, which it was at first taken to be. A detailed comparison proves it abundantly distinct according to the description and figure of boh/sii given by Wagrer. Dr. Lutz found this species on Grison vittata at Sao Paulo in Brazil. The following characters are noted in addition to those given in the synopsis. On all the abdominal tergites there is a median dorsal spine, which is stouter than the others on these segments. The pro-, meso-, and metanotum have two transverse rows of bristles, those of the anterior rows much weaker, the number in each row about 14-16. The metathoracic scale has two rows of 4 spines each. Only the first and second abdominal tergites have the second row of smaller bristles, ang | No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. B81 the remainder having each but a single row of about 13. bristles. The sternites have single rows of 8-10 bristles each. The seventh tergite is medially produced caudad, so that it extends entirely over the eighth tergite. Antepygidial bristles, 1 on each side, mounted on distinct tubercles. Labial palpi about equaling anterior cox and apparently six-jointed. In the maxillary palpi joint 3 is longer than 1, and 2 is longer than 4. Head with a very well-developed frontal notch, a very unusual char- acter for this genus. Genz with 2 oblique rows of bristles, the upper of 4 smaller, the lower of 3 much larger, in normal positions. Vertex with the usual row of bristles on hind margin, the lowest large and long, but the disc with two transverse rows parallel with hind margin, the first of about 12, the second of about 16 bristles. The armature of hind margin of antennal groove is very distinctive. Hind cox without minute teeth on inner surface. The propor- tional lengths of hind tarsal joints are about 20-16-10—-5-17. The male has the lateral portion of the ninth tergite large and coni- cal in outline and armed at the tip with three stout close-set spines. The upper claspers are long, slender, slightly enlarged toward the tip and there obliquely truncate backward where it is also armed with one longer, stouter, and several shorter weaker bristles. Abdomen of female very bristly; posteriorly the bristles are stout and thick set, far more numerous than figured for do//s7/, the outlines of tenth tergite and hind margin of eighth being obscured by the numerous bristles. The style is almost perfectly cylindrical, rather stout and armed only with one stout spine at tip. Length, male, 5.5 mm.; female, 6 mm.; color, very dark brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6896, U.S.N.M. PULEX ANOMALUS, new species. “Plate X, figs. 1-6. In 1899 I collected at Arboles, in southern Colorado, two specimens of a remarkable flea ona large gray-brown spermophile frequent in that region. It is in many respects congeneric with 7rrifans, but it possesses a strong pronotal ctenidium of about nine spines. The abdominal segments each possess but a single transverse row of bristles, eleven or twelve bristles in each row on the tergites, four or six in each on the abdominal sternites. The tergites are’ apparently without minute teeth. On the thorax the lateral spines are consider- ably the strongest. There are two antepygidial spines of medium size, one on each side. The head is normal in the female, but in the male is flattened and thickened on top after the manner of Cerctophyllus. The frontal notch is completely absent. The gena possesses but two large heavy spines, one in front of the medium sized eye, the other near lower 382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIT. margin over the maxilla. The vertex possesses the usual row (ten to twelve in this case) of bristles near hind margin, but they are gradu- ally enlarged from above to the very large one at lower angle. Dise of vertex with two medium-sized spines back of middle of antennal grooves, one below and posterior to the other. Gena below eye not laminately projecting over antennal groove. Bristles on second joint of antenne considerably exceeding third joint. In both sexes the antennal groove is connected by a chitinous thickening with the upper margin of the head. Hind margin of antennal groove with only two small bristles below. Mandibles reaching scarcely half of anterior coxe. Maxille short, but long acuminate at apex. Fore coxe with comparatively few rather large spines. On inner side of hind coxa there is an oblique row of ten to twelve minute teeth. Hind femora with a row of six to eight bristles on the side. One of the apical spines on joint 2 of hind tarsi is longer than joints 3 and 4 together. The proportional lengths of hind tarsal joints are about 26-16-8-5-13. Eighth abdominal segment in both male and female laterally with two stout spines on each side. In the female the eighth tergite is clothed on hind margin laterally with numerous spines and bristles. The tenth tergite has two long apical spines and back of this several shorter. The style is very short and thick, somewhat narrowed apically, with one stout apical spine and two smaller spines back of apex beneath. In the male the laterai portion of the ninth tergite is a large sclerite, rounded only above, with a stout tooth at posterior upper angle and numerous bristles along the upper margin. The upper claspers are of an elongate inverted plowshare shape, with the point dissected cephalad and with a few weak hairs on posterior border. Length of male 1.5 mm., female 2.5 mm. Color, very dark reddish brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6897, U.S.N.M. PULEX AFFINIS, new species. Prof. A. B. Cordley collected on a small Zepus, near the Grand Canyon in Arizona, two perfectly distinct species of fleas, one a Pulea, the other a Ctenocephalus, both represented by males and females. However, glacialis represents a general type like avium, fascratus, ete., from which in late years many perfectly distinct forms have been separated. So it becomes necessary to give this the standing of a sep- arate species. So very little is known of the fleas living on rabbits and hares in America, especially in northern North America, that nothing further can be said at present than that this is a relative of glacialis. The pronotal ctenidium contains 16 to 18 spines. Abdominal seg- ments, each with but one transverse row of bristles, about 14 in each No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 383 row on most of the tergites, 4 on most of the sternites. Antepy- gidial bristles two, and of medium size. Metathoracic epiphysis with two rows of six or seven bristles each. Thoracic segments with sin- gles rows of about twelve bristles each, the bristles strongest laterally. Head of female broadly rounded from occiput to mouth in female, flattened above somewhat in male. Gena without a lamina extending over antennal groove, but armed with two spines, one front of the mid- dle of the large eye, the other on lower margin of head over maxilla. Vertex with the usual bristles and spine on hind border and two spines on dise back of antennal groove. Hind margin of antennal groove with a few minute hairs below. Mandibles extending to three-fourths length of anterior coxe. Fore cox normally clothed, fore femora with a number of seatter- ing bristles on side, middle femora with scarcely any, hind femora with a lateral row of about six large bristles. Hind coxa with an oblique row of about ten rather stout but minute teeth on inside. The hind legs are large, unusually stout, and heavily spined. One of the apical spines on second joint reaches nearly to end of fifth joint. Pro- portional lengths of tarsal joints are about 25—16—-9—5-16. In the female the eighth abdominal segment has a lateral row of about five stout spines, the hind margin of this segment being plenti- fully clothed with long and short spines. ‘Tenth tergite with a few long bristles. Style about twice as long as wide at base, narrowed to the apex, where there is a long, stout spine, and on the lower side are two slender bristles. In the male the lateral portion of the ninth tergite is extended ina large, round lobe, about the apical border of which are placed six toe eight large, stout spines. Upper claspers about twice longer than wide, somewhat narrowed to the apex, in which rests a short but very thick and stout black tooth. The lower claspers large triangular, extended fan-like, apical and lower margins bristly on upper portion of apical border, with a short, stout, deflexed spine. Length, male, 2 mm.; female, 2.5 mm. Color, clear brown. Lype.—Cat. No. 6898, U.S.N.M. PULEX LYNX, new species. Plate X, figs. 7-11, and Plate XI, figs. 1-2. Prof. J. M. Aldrich sends from Moscow, Idaho, a large series of a flea closely related to affincs but taken on lynx (Lymw canadens’s). In general, the vestiture and proportions are very close to those of afjinis, but this species is more delicately constructed in both respects. The toothed upper male clasper is about four times as broad as long instead of only twice, and the lateral lobe of the ninth tergite is much narrower than in «fins. The lower claspers are not so sharply trian- gular and have far fewer bristles. 884 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVI. It seems something of an anomaly to find two species so closely related on such different hosts. If but one or a few specimens had been found on the lynx, I should have considered the occurrence acci- dental and surmised that these specimens were originally from some rabbit, but Professor Aldrich took a large series. Much more colleet- ing will be necessary to throw any definite light on the matter. Type.—Cat. No. 6899, U.S.N.M. Genus CTENOCEPHALUS Kolenati. 1859. Ctenocephalus KoLenati, Fauna V. Altvaters, p. 65. 1863. Ctenocephalus KoLENTI, Horze Soc. Ent. Ross., I, p. 44. The species grouped under this heading are essentially Pulea with ctenidia on the gens. The presence of the ctenidium on the head may, perhaps, be an artificial character, but it is at least a definite one. That the grouping is an artificial one there is no question. The new anomalus must go into Pulex, but it is more closely related in many ways to simpler and inequalis, also rabbit fleas. Every lot of new species alters one’s ideas of the relationships. We know, as yet, but a lamentably small proportion of existing species. I would not care to attempt a recasting of these groups on such very fragmentary data, especially when this present arrangement can be well employed for the time being. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. a. Spines of head ctenidia in longitudinal rows on lower margins of gene; head not tuberculatesm: frombsso2 S252 Cee Ses ae oe eens yee eee canis (p. 384). aa. Spines of head ctenidia in oblique rows on hind margins of genee; head tubercu- late in front. b. Mandibles reaching three-fourths of anterior coxze; head ctenidia in male with eight .epimes) onl eachi side. 4h as see tee eee eee simplex (p. 385). bl. Mandibles slightly exceeding anterior coxze; head ctenidia in male with four Or five spines. omicachiside <5). s ence nee eee inequalis (p. 385). CTENOCEPHALUS CANIS Curtis. The common cat and dog flea is probably the most widely distrib- uted member of the order, occurring practically wherever cats and dogs occur. Dr. Lutz sends specimens from Brazil. It seems to be a normal and abundant parasite of cats and dogs, but has been found on a variety of other animals. It occurs commonly as a transient guest on almost all of the domesticated, semidomesticated, or caged animals, and will bite human beings whenever opportunity offers. Many reported cases of infestation of houses haye been found to be due to this species, rather than to Pudex irritans. The case of a lot of fleas collected by Mr. Snyder from a fox at San Diego, California, offers a peculiar instance of unusual occurrence. A part of this lot proved to be Pulex ‘rritans and the rest this species. No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 385 Taschenberg used the later name serraticeps, of Gervais, and I at first followed him in this as in other matters, though the ordinary rules of zoological nomenclature do not permit of its use. I believed most heartily in Mr. Rothschild’s much-needed segrega- tion of the composite species weiwm, but his similar attempt in the case of canis and fel/s can not, it seems to me, possibly stand. He himself says that any constant distinctive character is lacking in the females. The difference in the males which he indicates would be very slight at best; they relate principally to the number and arrangement of the bristles on the dises of the male claspers. In America this is certainly widely variable. It can only be said that if his definition of these two species must be accepted, then a number more should be described from dogs and cats in this country, and, as in the first two, so the females of all would be practically indistinguishable. CTENOCEPHALUS SIMPLEX Baker. This form, originally described as a variety of ¢naequalis, is a dis- tinct species. It occurs on Lepus in Michigan. CTENOCEPHALUS INAQUALIS Baker. This was originally described from part of the material obtained by Prof. A. B. Cordly on Zepus near the Grand Canyon, in Arizona. Afterwards I collected the same thing on a Lepus at Arboles, Colo- rado, and Professor Aidrich sent me specimens from Moscow, Idaho. Genus (GE RAT @OR Eyes Curtis. 1882. Ceratophyllus Curtis, British Entomology, IX, No. 147. 1898, Ceratophyllus WaGner, Horie Soc. Ent. Ross., X X-X1, p. 557. This is the largest genus in the order, containing many nearly related and very puzzling forms. Most of the species are very closely confined to their especial hosts, and none are cosmopolitan. —C. ga/- line, or some of the European species affecting house rats or house mice, would be the most likely to become so. We have no record as yet of the occurrence of any of these in America, though it is almost impossible that they should not have been brought here. The fact is that no systematic attempt has been made to collect them. This is much to be regretted, and it is hoped that opportunity will soon offer to supply the necessary data. In his very proper rehabilitation of this genus, Dr. Wagner uses the arrangement of the spines on the under side of the fifth tarsal joint as a distinctive character of special importance. It has been impossible for me to apply this to the many American species. As detined by him, these spines in Ceratophyllus are contined to 2 rows of 5 each on either margin, in Ctenophthalmus the tirst pair being 386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. dislocated toward the median line and directed straight backward. Some of our species (¢dahoensis, canadensis, petiolatus, arizonensis, bruner?, arctomys, tuberculatus, and hirsutus) are typical Ceratophyllus as defined by Wagner. Some were found which, like prowiimus, had the first pair of spines only slightly dislocated and bent inward, and it was puzzling indeed to find that /wc¢dus and charlottensis were typical Ctenophthalmus on the fore legs, while the former was a genuine Ceratophyllus on the hind legs and the latter a Pulex/ Then occurred the peculiar aberrant perpinnatus with a middle pair of the spines dislocated toward the center. After all this I was prepared for the group of certainly Ceratophyl- lus species, which had the first pair of spines dislocated, as in labzatus, heeni, pseudarctomys, californicus, ciliatus, wagnert, ignotus, divisus, coloradens?s, oculatus, wickhami, and sexdentatus, all of which are cer- tainly to be regarded as more clearly congeneric with the type of Cera- tophyllus rather than with that of Ctenophthalmus. For the time being there was but the one recourse of falling back upon the artificial (4) character of the presence or absence of a genal ctenidium, and so far as my studies have progressed -it is the sole means by which I can sepa- ‘ate these numerons species into two more or less homogeneous groups about the original types. The only alternative would seem to be the establishment of numerous genera, which will eventually have to be done, but which would seem to be unwise in the present very frag- mentary condition of our knowledge of the existing species of the world. All of the species of Ceratophyllus, so far as I have examined them, have on the inferior disk of the fifth tarsal joint numerous very min- ute hairs, and between the hind coxa and its epiphysis distally there is always formed a more or less deeply excavated emargination. In some other genera there are wide departures from these conditions though their uniformity has vet to be tested for all the species. SYNOPSIS OF AMERICAN SPECIES. a. Hind coxee with one or more rows of minute teeth on inside distally. b. Eyes well developed; teeth on inside of hind coxe in several rows. c; PronotalictenidimmrlonaOispiness sss) ness =e aes eee multispinosus (p. 389). cene Pronotalictenrammmyoh2448 ples wae een a eee dentatus (p. 390). bb. Eyes rudimentary; teeth on inside of hind coxze in one row; pronotal ctenidium Of 14: Spiniesin-2 6 554.2 fans Gosia ink Sep ee gee tel ee charlottensis (p. 390). aa. Hind coxze without minute teeth on inside. b. Fifth tarsal joint with the middle pair of lateral spines dislocated toward median line and replaced by two supernumerary spines; pronotal ctenidium of 36 SPCR (se SS Sta ae ae re ee ae ne an ee perpinnatus (p. 391). bb. Fifth tarsal joint never with middle pair of spines dislocated; pronotal cteni- dium of 26 spines or less. c. Males without a strongly developed style projecting over pygidium; size medium to small; eyes usually present. ’ 50.1861. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. — 387 OO d. Hind tarsal joint I about equalling I and III together, rarely little more; never with a spine on apex of joint I of hind tarsi which exceeds joint I; head always with a distinct notch on the front. e. Abdominal tergites with 3 distinctly marked rows of unusually numerous bristles; labial palpi nearly equalling anterior femora. f. Frontal notch so reduced as to be almost absent; pronotal ctenidium of twenty-four spines - -------------------------- alaskensis (p. 394). ff. Frontal notch very distinct; pronotal ctenidium of eighteen to twenty spines. g. Frontal notch normal; antepygidial bristles, two on each side and of about equal length...-------------------------- hirsulus (p. 392). gg. Frontal notch with the upper lip in the form of a strong tubercle; antepygidial bristles 3 on each side, the inner quite small, the middle largest ...-.------------------------ tuberculatus (p. 393) ee. Abdominal tergites each with two normal transverse rows of bristles. f. Hind tarsal joint IT with apical spine scarcely exceeding joint III or shorter. g. Lateral spines on last joint of hind tarsi with first pair distinctly dislocated toward median line, not merely bent inward, and always so on middle and fore tarsi. h. Abdominal sternites with always more than two bristles on each side on at least five segments. j. Hind femora with a longitudinal row on side of a number of bristles; pronotal ctenidium of eighteen spines. j. First joint in middle tarsi distinctly longer than second or fifth; female style with a singie very minute bristle on upper SIG Cee se Sees Sree iam californicus (p. 395) jj. First joint in middle tarsi about equal in length to second, and also to fifth. k. Labial palpi scarcely equalling anterior cox. oculatus (p. 396). kk. Labial palpi slightly exceeding anterior coxee. ciliatus (p. 397). ii. Hind femora without a longitudinal row of bristles on side, though one or two may occur there. j. Pronotal ctenidium of twenty-four to twenty-six spines. k. Upper clasper of male with one black tooth at upper and one at lower end ..--------------- pseudarctomys (p- 399). kk. Upper clasper of male with two black teeth at middle of hind margin. ..------------------------- keeni. (p. 400). jj. Pronotal ctenidium of sixteen to eighteen spines; labial palpi equaling or shorter than anterior Cox. k. Fifth joint of middle tarsi much less than twice length of fourth, the second longer than fifth, and the first little longer than third ..-------------------- leucopus (p. 401). kk. Fifth joint of middle tarsi always twice fourth in length or more, and other proportions different from above. i. Labial palpi abnormally Slendenesesees == labiatus (p. 402) il. Labial palpi normally stout. m. Upper male claspers each with four black teeth wickhami (p. 403). mm. Upper male claspers each with six black teeth. sexdentatus (403). hh. Abdominal sternites with but two bristles on each side; upper claspers of male each with three stout black teeth on expanded middle portion of hind margin. -.-=------ wagneri (p. 405). 388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL gg. Spines on last joint of hind tarsi in two rows on lateral margins, but with first pair slightly bent inward; labial palpi equaling or a little exceeding fore coxee. h. Disk of vertex back of antennal groove with six stout bristles. asio (p. 406). hh. Disk of vertex back of antennal groove with but one to three stout bristles. i. Pronotal ctenidium of twenty spines. j. Joint III of hind tarsi with but two sets of spines on either TN AT UTD eee os Fee es oe re ere ee canadensis (p. 407). jj. Joint ILL of hind tarsi with three sets of spines on either TOO CU en a ee at pa ee pe eye ee vison (p. 408). ii. Pronotal ctenidium of sixteen spines.-.--.----- lucidus (p. 410). jf. Hind tarsal joint II with an apical spine exceeding joints III and IV together; hind femur with a row of minute bristles on side. g. Eyes well developed; spines on fifth tarsal joint confined to two rows on lateral margins, though the first pair may be slightly bent inward. h. Labial palpi nearly equaling anterior femora. i. Gena below eye obtusely pointed posteriorily; length, female 2 (omm alow oe a3 - cee oeee Seat eee oe ae montanus (p. 411). ii. Gena below eye subtruncate posteriorily; length, female 3.75, minal EPO pee Steere evn ee ee ere tere ore arctomys (p. 411). hh. Labial palpi equaling or a little exceeding anterior trochanters. i. First pair of spines on last tarsal joint slightly bent in- Ward = Jahon ae Se eo eine Omi ey eee eee rereieue aan proximus (p. 412). ii. First pair of spines on last tarsal joint curved outward, same as others. j. Upper male claspers at upper extremity obliquely truncate toward body. The hind margin with one long and_ several shont bristles see seat see eee ee eee ee bruneri (p. 413). jj. Upper male claspers obliquely truncate away from body or narrowed to a point above; hind margin with four long and several short bristles. k. Genz broadly truncate posteriorly below eye; upper male claspers distally gradually narrowed to a point. idahoensis (p. 413.) kk. Genz pointed posteriorly below eye; upper male claspers obliquely truncate away from body. 1. End of male abdomen with comparatively few long bristlesi $24\.35= Sss ee eee ee arizonensis (p. 415). I]. End of male abdomen with a thick brush of long bristles onveichthrserments sss ere esese eee petiolatus (p. 415). gg. Eyes rudimentary; first pair of spines on last tarsal joint dislocated toward median line. h. Labal palpi not equaling anterior coxz....------- ignotus (p. 416). hh. Labal palpi exceeding anterior trochanters- ------ divisus (p. 416). dd. Hind tarsal joint I equaling II, III, and V together. e. A spine on apex of hind tarsal joint I much longer than joint I1; front without the usual minute notch -------:--------.--- coloradensis (p. 417). ee. Spines on apex of hind tarsal joint I much shorter than II; front with the usualnotchs sascce6 Bee eee oe eee eee eremicus (p. 417). ce. Males with a stout style projecting from seventh tergite over at least one- third length of pygidium; size enormous; eyes absent ---.---- stylasus (p. 418). No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 389 CERATOPHYLLUS MULTISPINOSUS Baker. Plate XII, figs. 1-5. This flea, from Lepus floridanus mallurus at Raleigh, North Carolina, well illustrates some of my remarks under the genus. By all the characters which have been used to define the genus this species is a Ceratophyllus, yet I have no hesitation in saying that its strongest affinities are with the other rabbit fleas, glacéalis, affinis, inzequal’s, and simplex. The heavy posterior legs, the numerous minute teeth on inside of hind cox and the general habitus of the whole insect prove this unmistakably. But the last tarsal joint has five equal spines on either margin, and the prothorax only, possesses a ctenidium, which is unusually well developed. The original description is so incomplete that the species is here redescribed. The single type specimen is a male, with head flattened above and thickened, and with a distinct frontal notch. The eye is large, rather low down, and not fully pigmented except around the margin. Gena with two oblique rows of spines, the upper of about six smaller, the lower of three much larger spines, the first of the latter being above and in front of the eye. Gena below eye posteriorly acute. First joint of antenna with numerous small bristles near the upper extrem- ity, the second bearing about six heavy bristles, which are not as long as third joint. The antennal groove is connected with upper margin of head by a chitinous thickening. Hind margin of antennal groove sharply prominent below, where there are numerous small bristles on the margin; above this the margin is not clearly defined and the min- ute bristles are scattered. Hind margin of vertex, with the usual marginal row of about sixteen bristles, and there are two stout unequal spines at each lower angle. Just behind middle of antennal grooye there are two small and one large spine. Mandibles about equaling fore coxe. The pronotum has two rows of few weak bristles on disk, and on hind margin a row of about forty rather short and slender ctenidial spines, and a long stout spine at extreme lateral angle. The meso- and metanotum have a row of about 14-16 larger bristles behind and three or four rather irregular rows of numerous minute bristles on disk. Metathoracic scale with three spines near anterior border, an irregular row of six stouter ones across middle and one near hind margin. Abdominal tergites with one transverse row of about twenty- four large bristles and about two rows each of numerous minute bris- tles, though these latter are very irregularly placed. There are also two minute median black teeth on first seven tergites, and lateral teeth as follows: two on each side of first two segments, and one on each side of next five. On each side there are two antepygidial bristles, one of which exceeds tenth segment and is twice the length of the other. The tenth tergite is covered with a brushy mass of bristles, 390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII and the lateral portions of the ninth with about a dozen stout bristles. Middle abdominal sternites each with a transverse row of six to eight bristles. The hind tibiz are stout and heavily bristled. Second joint of hind tarsi with one apical spine about equaling joint III. Hind femora with several bristles on lower margin proximally, three on lower margin distally, but only two minute bristles on side. Hind coxe unusually heavily clothed with stiff bristles on outside anterior half; inside and below are several close-set irregular rows of numerous minute teeth. Upper claspers nearly quadrangular, attached by one corner, the hind margin with a few weak hairs. Length, 3.5 mm.~ Color, clear brown. CERATOPHYLLUS DENTATUS, new species. The single male specimen of this species in the collection was sent from Moscow, Idaho, by Prof. J. M. Aldrich, who found it on Lyna canadensis, associated with considerable numbers of another species. I regard this occurrence as purely accidental, and should not be sur- prised to learn eventually that its proper host was some species of Lepus, as its real affinities are with multispinosus and the other rabbit fleas. ; This species isa very near relative of mu/tispinosus, with distinguish- ing characters as follows: The pronotal ctenidium consists of about 26 close-set spines. The mandibles extend toabout four-fifths the length of anterior coxe. On each side of the vertex there are more than 3 spines. The black teeth on the abdominal tergites occur in pairs, one pair on each side near the dorsal line. The male claspers are twice longer than wide, narrowed on apical half below to a truncate apex; the margin with a number of scattering bristles and minute, weak hairs. One of the apical spines on joint II of hind tarsi is nearly as long as joints III and IV together. The minute teeth on inside of hind cox are even more numerous than in muu/ltispinosus. Length, 3.5 mm. Color, rich brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6900, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS CHARLOTTENSIS Baker. Plate XII, figs. 6-10. The Rey. J. H. Keen found this species in a mouse nest at Masset, Queen Charlotte Islands, and I described it as a Typhlopsylla on account of the reduced eyes. It possesses several remarkable charae- ters not mentioned in the meager original description. It has the typical form of body of a Ceratophyllus. The spines of last tarsal joint on fore and middle legs are arranged as in Ctenophthalimus, those No. 1361 REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 391 on hindlegs as in Pulex. One of the most suggestive characters is the reduced group of teeth on inside of hind cox, composed of about eight teeth in one nearly even row. It is the only species of the true Ceratophyllus form in which I have seen these teeth. It should be noted that the second and third abdominal tergites possess four minute teeth each, and the fourth and fifth two each. There are three ante- pygidial spines on each side, one long one between two shorter. The end of the female abdomen possesses comparatively few bristles. The style is twice longer than wide at base, gradually narrowed to the tip, where there is a long spine just before which on the upper margin isa minute bristle. The substylar flap has a few longer bristles at end and a few shorter on lower margin. Laterally the eighth tergite bears three long spines and a few bristles. Length, 2.5 mm. Color, pale brown. Only females are known. CERATOPHYLLUS PERPINNATUS, new species. Plate XIII, figs. 1-6. From the Queen Charlotte Islands the Rey. J. H. Keen also sends a flea of remarkable aspect, but of which he does not give the host. It possesses one especially salient character not recorded for any other species of theorder. The last tarsal joint has the middle pair of spines dislocated toward the median line, but these are replaced toward the outside by a supernumerary pair, making six pairs of the ordinary spines on the underside of the last tarsal joint on all the legs. The single specimen is a male. The head is rather rounded and bulging in front, with a sharply defined frontal notch, though flattened and thickened on top after the usual manner. The eye is large and nearly circular. The gena is provided with three oblique rows of bristles, the upper row of about 8 small, short bristles, the second with four larger, and the lower with three long and stout bristles. The antennal groove extends nearly to the upper margin of the head, with which it is connected by a chitinous thickening. The bristles on second antennal joint are small and few, and much shorter than third joint. The hind margin of antennal groove is lined with minute scat- tering hairs. On the hind margin of the head occurs the usual row of about 14 bristles, those at the lower angles large and long. The disk of the vertex has two oblique rows of bristles on either side near the upper margin of the head, the upper row with about 4, the lower with about 6 bristles, all becoming smaller backward. The mandibles extend to a little more than two-thirds of anterior coxe. The first joint of the maxillary palpi is somewhat longer than the second. The pronotum is armed with a transverse row of about 12 small bristles on the disk and on the hind margin a ctenidium of about 36 rather slender and close-set spines. The mesonotum and metanotum have each a transverse row of about 12 bristles and cephalad of this > 26 ~. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03 392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII, on each, several rows of somewhat scattered minute hairs. The meta- thoracic epiphysis has two rows of rather large bristles, about 3 in each row. The abdominal tergites each have a transverse row of 14 to 16 larger bristles and a second row of much smaller ones. There is one ante- pygidial bristle on each side, and these do not equal the tenth tergite. Most of the middle abdominal sternites have each a single transverse row of 6 bristles. The genitalia are of the general Ceratophyllus type and yet are quite unique in detail. The lateral portion of the ninth tergite is lobed above, the lobe as long as wide at base, tip obliquely rounded and provided with a bristle. The rounded portion beneath which the upper clasper is attached is provided, as is frequently the case, with two long bristles. The upper claspers are subquadrangular, attached by the lower inner angle, the upper inner angle somewhat produced ~ and provided with three minute hairs, the upper angle broadly rounded, the lower angle considerably swollen and produced and pro- vided with a large long tooth which is distorted near its tip; the hind margin is provided with a bristle at top, below this two short spines, and with two more short spines above the lower tooth. Hind cox without minute teeth on inside. Hind femur with but one minute hair on the side. Spines on apex of second joint of hind tarsi all shorter than the third joint. Hind tarsal joints with lengths in following proportions: 20-15—-9-5-10. Length, 3mm. Color, light brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6901, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS HIRSUTUS Baker. Plate X VII, figs. 1-4. The prairie-dog flea, not uncommon in Colorado at least, is a very conspicuous species by reason of the great length of the labial palpi and inclosed organs, and the very heavy bristling of the abdomen, though the bristling of other parts is normal. Only females are represented in the collection. The upper margin of the head slopes very strongly from base to mouth, the distinct frontal notch being very low down. The eye is very small in proportion to size of head. Just above the eye are a few minute hairs. The gena bears three heavy bristles below, the inner above and slightly in front of eye, the outer on lower margin; above these are two bristles, one larger on lower margin and one small one in center of gena. The gena below the eye is subtruncate pos- teriorly. The antennal groove is unusually broad for its length, ex- tending to two-thirds the height of the head; the hind margin is provided with numerous small hairs. The numerous bristles on second antennal joint considerably exceed third joint. The usual bristles No, 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 393 occur on hind margin of head, though but a single rather stout bristle occurs on disk of vertex back of antennal groove. The labial palpi nearly equal the anterior femora. The maxille are unusually slender. The prothoracic ctenidium contains about tweny spines. The metanotum and first three abdominal tergites have four minute but stout dark-colored teeth on hind margins. The abdominal tergites are provided with very numerous bristles in several rows, the prin- cipal rows with about 20 to 24 bristles each. Antepygidial spines, two on each side and of about equal length. Abdominal sternites third to sixth inclusive, each with a row of about 12 larger bristles and several smaller back of these; the seventh and eighth sternites with numerous bristles in several somewhat scattered rows. Style rather stout, with one long bristle at tip and with others nearly as heavy along the sides. Substylar flap nearly hidden in bristles. The hind coxa without minute teeth inside. Hind femur with a straight row of about ten minute bristles on side. There are 2 apical spines on joint II of hind tarsi, which nearly equal joints iii and iv together. The spines on the last tarsal joints occur in the typical Ceratophyllus order. Lengths of hind tarsal joints in the proportions of 21—12.5-8.5-5-9. Length, 2-3 mm. Color, light brown. CERATOPHYLLUS TUBERCULATUS, new species. Plate XIII, figs. 7-9. Professor Aldrich has collected from CO7tellus columbianus at Mos- cow, Idaho, a species which is closely related to Adrsutus, but which, however, shows striking specific differences. There are but two specimens—fortunately male and female. Female: The head has the same strongly sloping upper margin as in hirsutus, but the upper lip of the frontal notch projects as a conspic- uous tubercle. The gena bears the usual three heavy bristles below, with a small one between the first two, but the upper row is repre- sented by only one, and that on the lower margin. Just above the eye are a number of minute hairs. This species also has the hind margin of the antennal groove provided with a number of minute bristles, and one large bristle occurs on disk of vertex behind middle of antennal groove. The gena below eye is acute posteriorly. The dozen close-set bristles on second joint of antenna are longer than third joint. The labial palpi extend to about three-fourths of anterior femora. Thoracic nota with two transverse rows of bristles, the principal with about 10 good-sized bristles. The prothoracic ctenidium con- tains about 18 spines. The abdominal terga have about 16 to 18 large bristles in the principal row, and with numerous minute bristles in two more or less well-defined rows back of these. The minute hairs 394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. which in most Ceratophyllus species occur in the same row between the larger bristles are here of very unusual size, being nearly half the size of the large bristles. In most other species they are quite incon- spicuous. There are three antepygidial bristles on each side, two quite unequal large ones and a small one behind and near the median line. The abdominal sternites are here more heavily clothed than in any species of the genus known to me, and the number of bristles increases cau- dad. There are two or three rows to each sternite, the principal row on the third segment numbering 18 and on the seventh 20. On the eighth sternite the bristles are rather short and scattering. The style is rather stout with one long apical bristle and several smaller along the sides. The substylar flap has several long bristles at tip and a mass of short stout bristles on lower margin. The hind cox lack minute teeth on inside. The hind femur has a row of about six bristles on the side. One of the apical spines on joint IT of hind tarsus exceeds joints III and IV together. The spines on fifth tarsal joint occur in the typical Ceratophyllus order. Lengths of hind tarsal joints in the proportions of 20-16.5—7.5-5-10. Length, 2.3 mm. Male: The male before me is a most extraordinary looking creature, due to a malformation. The upper margin of head is evidently nor- mally flattened in this species as usual in Ceratophyllus, but in this specimen is collapsed inward and deeply concave. The upper row of genal bristles is composed of three members. As in most males, the third antennal joint is somewhat extended so that the bristles on second joint are not as long as the third. The genitalia are entirely inclosed from view in this specimen, within the much extended and posteriorly truncated eighth segment which has on its surface a number of long, stout, rather distant bristles. The lateral portion of the ninth tergite is not lobed above, but is broadly rounded. The upper claspers are long, slightly curved sickle fashion, acute at tip, and armed on pos- terior border with about seven bristles. Length, 2mm. Color, rather darker brown dorsally. Type.—Cat. No. 6902, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS ALASKENSIS, new species. Dr. Kellogg presented me with some specimens of a species taken by Mr. McElhaney on Citellus barrowensis at Point Barrow, Alaska. This is the farthest north record for the order in America. This species is also the largest one known to occur on any spermophile. Female: Head broadly evenly rounded from occiput to mouth, the frontal notch almost wanting. Gena with the usual three heavy bristles below, the upper row represented by one on the margin. ‘The eye is small compared with size of head, and low down. Gena below eye ‘ No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 395 posteriorly truncate. Antennal groove reaching two-thirds the depth of the head, the hind margin with a number of scattering minute bris- tles. The hind margin of the head is provided with the usual bristles, the disk of the vertex with one heavy bristle behind middle of antennal groove. Second joint of antenna with about a dozen bristles which extend beyond third joint. Labial palpi extending to more than half of anterior femora, Thoracic nota each with one row of 10 to 12 large bristles and one of smaller. The pronotal ctenidium contains 24 slender spines. Abdominal tergites with three distinct rows of bristles, the princi- pal row of 16 to 18 bristles, the minute hairs between these last very inconspicuous. Antepygidial spines three on each side, two larger unequal and one smaller near the median line. Abdominal sternites with three rows of bristles each, the far greater number occurring in the principal row, which has 18 to 20 bristles. The eighth tergite laterally bears numerous rather distant short bristles. Just beneath the pygidium on either side occur five strong bristles. The style is very thick and swollen, with two long stout bristles on the apex, and four or five just before the apex. The substylar flap has several long bristles at tip and a number of short, stout ones on lower margin. Hind coxe without minute teeth inside. Hind femora with a row of about 10 minute bristles on the side. One of the apical spines on the second hind tarsal joint equals in length joint IIL and half of 1V together. Spines on last tarsal joint of the typical Ceratophyllus type. Lengths of hind tarsal joints in the proportion 20-13-9-5-10. Length 4+ mm. Male: Head flattened on top as usual. Pronotal ctenidium of 22 spines. Eighth abdominal tergite with a number of heavy bristles on the upper posterior portion, in three rows of 4 each, and with the hind margin incurved. Lateral portion of the ninth tergite with a broad rounded upper lobe, with two widely separated long bristles over the attachment of claspers. Upper claspers more than twice longer than wide, somewhat sickle-shaped, but broad and obtuse at tip, the hind margin with a few weak bristles. Length, 3.25 mm. Color, rich brown, darker dorsally. Type.—Cat. No. 6903, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS CALIFORNICUS, new species. Plate X VII, figs. 5-8. There is in the collection one female specimen of a flea collected at Mountain View, California, on a field mouse, by Mr. Edward Ehrhorn, which differs from any other mouse flea yet described. Head evenly rounded from occiput to mouth, the frontal notch rather low and inconspicuous. Gena with three stout bristles below, the upper row represented by two bristles, one smaller than the other, 396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. above the eve. Eyes nearly round and of medium size. Gena below eye obtusely pointed posteriorly. Hind margin of antennal groove sharply prominent and with a number of minute hairs. Antennal groove extending to two-thirds the depth of the head. Bristles on second antennal joint not extending beyond third joint. Behind the middle of the antennal groove on the disk of the vertex there is one stout bristle. The usual bristles occur on hind margin of head. The labial palpi exceed slightly the anterior trochanters. Pronotum with a transverse row of about fourteen bristles on disk, and on hind mar- gin a ctenidium of eighteen or twenty stout spines. Mesonotum and metanotum each with two rows of bristles, those in posterior row larger and fourteen in number, the anterior row with numerous smaller ones. Hind margin of metanotum with two small teeth on each side. First three abdominal tergites with one small tooth on each side. Abdominal tergites each with two rows of bristles, the pos- terior with about fourteen larger, the anterior with fewer smaller bristles. Antepygidial bristles three on each side, the inner smallest, the middle longest. Abdominal sternites each with a row of eight or ten rather stout bristles. Two stout bristles occur on each side just beneath the pygidium. Lateral portion of eighth tergite with three or four stout bristles on the hind margin. Female style rather stout, narrowed to a point, where there isa long bristle; there is also a bristle on the lower margin, and one very minute one above. The substylar flap is pointed, possesses several long, slender bristles at apex, and a number of short, stout bristles on lower margin. Hind cox without minute teeth on inside. Hind femur with a row of four to five small bristles on the side. Spines on the apex of second joint of hind tarsus shorter than third joint. First pair of spines on last joint of hind tarsus somewhat dislocated toward median line. Lengths of joints of hind tarsi in the proportion 21.5-13.5-8-5-9. Length, 2.5 mm. Color, pale brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6904, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS OCULATUS, new species. Plate XIX, figs. 10-14. This species is based on a single male specimen collected on mink in Washington, District of Columbia, by Mr. A. A. Harsall. The head is flattened above as usual, the frontal notch very distinct and rather high. The lower row of genal bristles contains two large bristles with one small one between them. The superior row is repre- sented by four or five bristles extending very obliquely from above the uppermost bristle on the upper margin of the eye to the upper fourth of the antennal groove. The antennal groove extends to the upper margin of the head, and is suddenly broadened in the No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 397 lower fourth. On the middle of hind margin of antennal groove occur a few minute hairs, while just back of the margin on disk of vertex stands one stout bristle. The usual bristles occur on hind margin of head, with a large long one at lower angle on either side. Labial palpi about equaling anterior coxe. The fourth joint of maxil- lary palpi is unusually slender. Pronotum with a transverse row of twelve bristles and on hind margin a ctenidium of eighteen stout spines. Hind margin of meta- notum with two small teeth on each side, first and second abdominal tergites the same, the third with only one on each side. Abdominal tergites with two rows of bristles each, the larger bristles, eighteen in number on each of the middle segments. Middle abdominal ster- nites with three or four bristles on each side. Antepygidial bristles three on each side, the middle one of each group very large, the other two small, though not reduced to hairs. Hind margin of lateral por- tions of eighth segment with about six stout bristles. Lateral portion of ninth tergite with a short, thick lobe, which is obliquely truncate and bears a hair at tip. The upper clasper is short and thick, almost crescentiform, with the hind margin rounded and the upper end acutely angled, but the base is broad; on the upper portion of the hind margin there are two bristles and two or three hairs. Hind coxa without minute teeth inside. Hind femur with a row of four or five distant bristles on the side. Apical spines on second joint of hind tarsi shorter than third joint; first pair of spines on last joint distinctly dislocated toward median line. Length of middle tarsal joints in the proportion 12-12—9-5-12. Length, 2.5 mm. Color, pale brown; middle of dorsum darker. Type.—Cat. No. 6905, U.S.N.M. ~ CERATOPHYLLUS CILIATUS, new species. Plate XVI, figs. 1-6. Mr. Ehrhorn also contributes from Mountain View, California, the male and female of a species occurring on a chipmunk. It is closely related to cal/fornicus. Unfortunately the male of the latter is unknown, but the females differ in many characters. Female: Head rather strongly rounded from occiput to mouth, the minute frontal notch rather low down. Lower row of genal bristles of three subequal bristles, the upper row of four or five much smaller. Eyes ovate and low down in head. Antennal groove rather small and reaching two-thirds the depth of the head. Bristles on second antennal joint much shorter than third joint. Hind margin of antennal groove with a few minute hairs, especially near the lowerangle. Caudad of the middle of the antennal groove, on the disc of the vertex, are three bristles, two small and one large one, the latter situated almost on the margin of the groove. Hind margin of the head with the usual bris- 398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIII. tles, the large one at lower angle somewhat raised and with a smaller one below it. Labial palpi considerably exceeding anterior trochanters. Pronotum with one transverse row of about fourteen bristles on the disc, the one at each lateral angle large and long; hind margin with a ctenidium of eighteen stout spines. Meso- and metanotum each with three rows of bristles, the posterior row of twelve to fourteen larger bristles, those of the second more numerous but smaller, and the third of fewer and still smaller ones. Hind margin of metanotum with a small tooth on each side, first tergite with two, second with two, and third with one, on each side. Abdominal tergites each with twelve to fourteen large bristles in one row, and a less number of smaller bristles in the second row. Antepygidial bristles three on each side, the middle one in each group largest. Abdominal sternites each with two rows of bristles, the posterior of eight to ten larger, and the anterior with eight to twelve smaller, rather scattered ones. Beneath the pygidium on either side there is a group of five stout bristles. The style is rather short and thick, with one long bristle at apex, one on lower margin, and two on upper margin. The substylar flap is apically unusually broad, with the usual long bristles at extreme tip, the lower margin with a group of short, slender, dark- colored spines. Hind coxe without minute teeth on inside. Hind femur with a longitudinal row of four to five bristles on the side. None of the apical spines on second joint of hind tarsi exceed joint III. First pair of spines on last tarsal joint dislocated toward median line, though not so distinctly so on hind tarsi. Lengths of joints of hind tarsi in the proportion 23—15—9-5-10. Length, 2.5 mm. Color, clear brown, darker dorsally. Male: Head flattered above as usual, the frontal notch much higher on the front than in the female. Antennal groove reaching upper margin of head. Antepygidial bristles three on each side, but the outer two in each set aborted. Eighth tergite with two rows of four to five stout bristles on each side near hind margin. Lateral portion of ninth tergite with a stout thumb-shaped lobe, and the two usual bristles over insertion of upper claspers. The upper claspers are long and slender, the upper end suddenly expanded, this latter portion being acute angled in front and rounded behind, with two short, blunt, dark-colored teeth; near base on hind margin is a stout straight bristle. The slender ventral style has a long and a short bristle at apex, which stand out nearly at right angles. Length, 2.3 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6906, U.S.N.M. -) ' No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 399 CERATOPHYLLUS PSEUDARCTOMYS, new species. Plate XXIV, figs. 1-7. Two females and a male taken from Arctomys monax at Newport, Herkimer County, New York, were sent to me by Mr. D. B. Young. This species is one of the most unique forms in the American fauna, presenting several characters not before noted in the Siphonaptera. Female: Head very broadly rounded from occiput to mouth. Three bristles in the lower row on gena, the middle bristle smaller, and between this and the outside ones a number of minute hairs in the same row. Upper genal row entirely lacking, although a number of minute hairs occur above the eye. Eye subelliptical, low in the head and rather small in proportion. Antennal groove not reaching two- thirds the depth of the head, the hind margin sharply marked and with a number of minute hairs scattered along it. Second antennal joint with four or five bristles which do not extend beyond the third joint. In the position of the stout bristle usually found back of the middle of the antennal groove there is here only a minute hair. Hind margin of head with the usual bristles, except that at each lower angle there are two stout bristles, the lower shorter than the upper. Labial palpi reaching to about half the length of anterior trochanters. Maxille unusually blunt. Pronotum with a row of about fourteen bristles near the hind margin, which is provided with a ctenidium of about twenty-six close- set spines. Meso- and metanotum each with two rows of bristles, the posterior of about twelve larger ones, the anterior of about the same number of much smaller bristles. Metathoracic epiphysis with two longer and three shorter spines. First and second abdominal tergites with three small teeth on each side, the third and fourth with two on each side. Abdominal tergites each with two rows of bristles, the posterior of fourteen to sixteen larger bristles, the anterior of fewer smaller ones. Antepygidial bristles three on each side and long and stout, the middle one in each group largest. Most of the abdominal tergites each with about five unusually stout bristles in one row, and with a second row of one to three smaller bristles. Immediately beneath pygidium on either side are two long and two shorter bristles. Lower posterior angle of lateral portion of eighth tergite with four stout bristles and cephalad of these two others. End of abdomen with comparatively light vestiture. The style is long, becoming slender and slightly curved upward, with a long bristle at apex and one on lower margin. Substylar flap slender and with very large bristles at apex and several short, stout ones on lower margin. 400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIl. Hind coxe without minute teeth inside. Hind femur with but a single minute hair on inside. Apical spines on second joint of hind tarsi nor extending beyond third joint. First pair of spines on fifth joint of hind tarsi strongly dislocated toward the median line. Lengths of joints of hind tarsi in the proportion 25.5-15-8-5-9. Length, 3.5 mm. Color, clear brown. Male: Head flattened on top after the usual manner. Along the front margin of antennal groove, above the eye, are three or four small bristles. There are a far greater number of minute hairs on hind margin of antennal groove than in the female. On the meso- and metanotum and first abdominal segment occurs an arrangement of bristles which is entirely unique in the whole order. On the side of meso- and metanotum is a tongue-shaped area, pointed, backward, and common to the two sclerites. About the margin of this are the bristles arranged—especially long and numerous on the upper margin. On the first abdominal segment is a similarly outlined area extending backward from metanotum, though much smaller and with but seven or eight bristles about its margin. Antepygidial bristles three on each side, the outer two in each set well developed, the inner aborted. The genitalia are very strongly and uniquely developed. The pos- terior portion of the abdomen is characterized by numerous long, stout bristles, gathered into two brush-like lots below, while above, the hind margin of eighth segment laterally has a row of about twelve of these long bristles, just behind which are a greater number of small ones. The lateral portion of ninth tergite has the usual dorsal lobe, which is here long and slender; the portion bearing the two bristles just over insertion of upper claspers is here narrowly produced beyond the hind margin of the claspers—a very unique arrangement. The upper claspers are long and slender, the upper and lower posterior angles strongly roundly produced, and each armed with a stout dark tooth, the upper one long and bent, the lower short, straight, and accompa- nied by a short bristle which stands just above it. Length, 2.75 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6907, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS KEENI Baker. Plate X VI, figs. 7-12. This species was described from specimens taken on Peromyscus keent at Masset, Queen Charlotte Islands, by Rev. J. H. Keen. All of our records for the Queen Charlotte Islands are due to this gentleman, and his contributions have been most important ones. Additions and cor- rections to the original description will be evident in the figures and synopsis. No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 401 CERATOPHYLLUS LEUCOPUS, new species. There is a single female in the collection, taken on Peromyscus leucopus at Peterboro, New York, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr., which differs widely-from the species found on /eromyscus in the Southwest. Head strongly rounded in from front to mouth, the frontal notch distinct and accompanied by a small chitinous fold. Gena with two oblique rows of bristles; of the lower three large bristles the middle is smallest; the upper row contains about six small bristles of varying sizes. A few small hairs occur just above the eye. Gena below the eye very obtusely angled posteriorly. The antennal groove extends to two-thirds the depth of the head; along its hind margin are scat- tered a number of small hairs, largest at the lower angle. The second antennal joint is provided with a few bristles which are shorter than the third joint. Disk of vertex back of middle of antennal groove provided with one large and two small bristles. Hind margin of head with the usual bristles, except that at the lower angle there are two stout bristles, the lower of which is the smaller. The labial palpi reach to about three-fourths the length of anterior cox. Pronotum with a transverse row of about twelve bristles on poste- rior third and on hind margin a ctenidium of eighteen long, stout spines. Meso and metanotum each with two rows of bristles, the posterior with about ten long ones, the anterior of more numerous small ones. Metathoracic epiphysis with two large bristles behind, in front of these four smaller ones, and still in front of these one bristle. Metanotum and first four abdominal tergites each with a small tooth on either side. Middle abdominal tergites with two rows of bristles, twelve to four- teen larger bristles each on the posterior, fewer and smaller ones on the anterior segments. Antepygidial spines three on each side, the middle one in each group largest, the inner smallest. The middle abdominal sternites each with a single row of about eight large bristles. Vestiture of end of abdomen not heavy. Beneath the pygidium on either side are two long bristles. Style long and slender, gradually narrowed to the tip, where there is one long bristle; on the lower mar- gin also stands a bristle. Substylar flap obtuse, with two long slender bristles at extremity, the lower margin armed with four or five short, stout bristles. Hind coxe lacking minute teeth inside. Hind femur with one or two small bristles on the side, proximally. Spines on apex of second joint of hind tarsi all shorter than the third joint. First pair of spines on last joint of hind tarsi strongly dislocated toward the median line and pointing straight distad. Lengths of joints of hind tarsi in the proportions 21-12-7.5-5-38. Length, 2mm. Color, pale brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6908, U.S.N.M. 402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIII, — CERATOPHYLLUS LABIATUS, new species. Plate XIX, figs. 6-9. Of several species which Professor Aldrich found on Lyna canayr densis at Moscow, idaho, this is the most puzzling. It is represented by only one female. Probably its normal host is not Lynx, but some one of the small rodents inhabiting that region. Head rounded, with an unusually even, rather strong, curve from occiput to mouth. Frontal notch minute. Gena with the usual lower row of three stout bristles, the middle bristle smaller. The second row is represented by a single small bristle above upper bristle of lower row. A few small hairs occur above the rather elliptical eye. Gena below eye truncated posteriorly. Antennal groove extending to two-thirds the depth of the head, with a few hairs scattered along its hind margin, these hairs being longer below. The second joint of antenne has about five bristles which extend beyond the apex of the third. On the disk of the vertex behind the middle of the antennal groove occurs one large, stout spine and two far smaller ones. Hind margin of head with the usual bristles, but at each inferior angle there are two, the lower of which is smaller. The labial palpi are very slender and about equal anterior coxe. Pronotum with two rows of bristles—about twelve on the posterior third, about eight on the anterior third, and on the hind margin a ctenidium of about eighteen spines. Meso- and metanotum with two rows of bristles each, the posterior row having about ten bristles. Metanotum and first three abdominal tergites each with a small tooth on either side of hind margin. Metathoracic epiphysis with four bristles, two large and two small. Abdominal tergites each with two rows of bristles, the posterior of about fourteen larger ones, the ante- rior of fewer and smaller bristles. Middle abdominal sternites each with a row of eight long, strong bristles. The last few sternites are provided with second rows of smaller bristles. The antepygidial bris- tles are very strong and three in number on either side, the longer middle one in each group extending beyond the pygidium. Beneath the pygidium on either side stand three bristles in a perpen- dicular row. The vestiture of the end of the abdomen is rather heavy. Style somewhat more than twice longer than wide at base and narrowing to a point where there is a long apical bristle. Back of apex below is inserted another smaller bristle. The substylar flap is obtuse, with two long bristles near the apex and four or five short, stout ones on the lower margin. The lower lateral portion of the eighth segment bears a number of normal bristles and also about seven short, stout, dark-colored bristles which are almost spines, in this latter respect differing widely from any nearly related species. i NO. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 403 Hind coxe without minute teeth inside. Hind femora with one minute bristle on the side, and the lower thin margin, which usually occurs only near apex, is in this case extended to the base. Apical spines on second joint of hind tarsi all shorter than third joint. First pair of spines on the fifth tarsal jointstrongly dislocated toward middle and turned straight distad. Length of hind tarsal joints in the pro- portion 19-13-8—5-T. Length, 2.6 mm. Color, clear brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6909, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS WICKHAMI Baker. Plate XX VI, figs. 1-7. Later studies have convinced me that the three squirrel fleas which were described by me in the *‘ Preliminary Studies” are one and the same. They were separated on characters, the value of which, at that early stage in the work and without precedent to follow, was impos- sible to correctly estimate. The above name, having priority over the others, is the one to be used. This name was originally applied to speci- mens taken from Sczwropterus volans at lowa City, lowa, by Mr. H. F. Wickham. There are now in the collection specimens from fox squir- rel taken in Indian Territory (W. W. Cooke); from gray squirrel taken in Santa Cruz County, California (Edward Ehrhorn); from Progne subis at Wellesley, Massachusetts (A. P. Morse—and this occurrence unquestionably accidental); from Peromyscus at Franconia, New Hampshire (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), and from Arctomys monaxr at New- port, Herkimer County, New York (D. B. Young). A very conspicuous and constant character is found in the armature of the upper claspers of the male. The four black teeth occurring there are thoroughly diagnostic. Other details not given in the original description may be had from the synopsis and figures. CERATOPHYLLUS SEXDENTATUS, new species. Plate XXVI, figs. 8-14. A species very close to wickham7, and yet conspicuously distinct, is sent from Boulder Creek, California, where it was taken from Weotoma by Mr. Edward Ehrhorn. Mr. Ehrhorn tells me of finding with this a species of great size, but I have not seen it. Female: Upper margin of head rapidly sloping forward from occi- put, but rather strongly rounded in front. Frontal notch very incon- Spicuous. Lower row of genal bristles consisting of three, the middle smaller; the upper row of three or four small bristles is very oblique and not extended farther cephalad than above middle bristle of lower row. Several minute hairs occur above the rather small ovate eye. Antennal groove extending to two-thirds the depth of the head, the 404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. XXVIII. prominent hind margin with a very few minute hairs. The second antennal joint with about seven bristles, which extend beyond the third joint. Behind the middle of antennal groove there are two small bristles—the usual large, stout bristle absent. Hind margin of head with the usual bristles, except that at lower angles there are two stouter ones, the lower smaller. Labial palpi nearly equaling the anterior COXR. Pronotum with a transverse row of ten or twelve bristles on the pos- terior third, the hind margin with a ctenidium of about twenty stout spines. The posterior row of bristles on meso and metanotum of ten rather long ones, the anterior row of more numerous and smaller ones. Hind margin of metanotum and first, second, and third abdominal tergites with a small tooth on either side. Metathoracic epiphysis with two large bristles near the hind margin, two smaller anterior to these, and two still smaller in front of these last. Middle tergites of abdomen each with twelve or fourteen larger bristles in the posterior row, fewer smaller ones in the anterior row. Antepygidia bristles three on each side, the middle one of each group largest, and reaching over pygidium, the inner smallest. Middle abdominal sternites each with a row of about eight stout bristles; posteriorly the sternites have a second row of few bristles. Beneath the pygidium laterally occur three large bristles. Hind margin of eighth segment laterally with about six strong bristles around the lower angle. The style is about two times as long as wide at base, gradually nar- rowed to the tip, where there is a long bristle; another bristle occurs on lower margin just back of tip. Substylar flap obtuse at tip, near which are two long bristles, the lower margin with four or five short, stout bristles. Hind coxe without minute teeth inside. Hind femora with but one minute bristle on side. Apical bristles on second joint of hind tarsi shorter than third joint. First pair of spines on last tarsal joint strongly dislocated toward median line and directed straight distad. Lengths of hind tarsal joints in the following proportions: 21.5—12-8.5—5-8. Length, 2.75 mm. Color, clear brown. Male: Head flattened above as usual. Front strongly rounded above. Antennal groove reaching the top of the head. Upper row of bristles on genze with about six small ones; the upper three or four on margin of antennal groove. Hind margin of head with but one large bristle at lower angle. Antepygidial bristles, two on each side, the normal inner one being reduced to a hair; the inner bristle in each group is very long, extending over pygidium, the outer about half as long. Hind margin of eighth segment laterally with but two strong bristles and a few small ones. NO. 1361. VtEVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 405 Lateral portion of ninth tergite with the lobe large and thumb- shaped, nearly equaling the claspers, and scarcely dilated where stand the usual two bristles over insertion of claspers. The upper clasper is a large, subtriangular stalked sclerite with the inner edge vertics and the angles rounded. The sloping hind margin is armed with six short, stout, black teeth, five below on the dilated portion and one above, where there are also three bristles on the margin. The lower claspers also each bear a single, stout, black, deflected tooth. Length, 2.25 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6910, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS WAGNERI, new species. Plate XV, figs. 3-7. Two specimens of this unusually distinct species were collected by Professor Aldrich at Moscow, Idaho. Both were males, one coming from the white-footed mouse (/eromyscus leucopus), and one from the house mouse. This last is one of very few records for fleas on house mice or rats in America. But it is entirely different from any European species occurring on this animal. The head is flattened above in the usual manner. The front is very roundly curved to the mouth, the frontal notch very distinct and rather high on the front. Gena with two oblique rows of bristles, the lower row of three, with the two outer quite heavy, the upper row of tive or six considerably smaller. Gena below eye narrowed posteriorly to an obtuse point. The rather narrow antennal groove, reaching nearly to the upper margin of the head, with which it is connected by a chitinous thickening. Hind margin of antennal groove lined with about twenty small, short hairs. Back of antennal groove on disk of vertex there are three bristles, one large, and two smaller. Hind margin of head with the normal bristles, about ten smaller with the usual larger ones at lower angles. Labial palpi equaling anterior trochanters. Pronotum with a transverse row of about twelve good-sized bristles, those at lateral angles far larger; on the hind margin occurs a cteni- dium of eighteen stout spines. Meso- and metanotum each with two transverse rows of bristles, the posterior row with eight to ten larger ones. Metathoracic epiphysis with three rows of two bristles each. Abdominal tergites each with two rows of bristles, the larger rows with twelve to fourteen bristles each. Hind margin of metanotum with two small teeth on each side, first tergite with two on each side, and second and third tergites with one on each side. Only one well- developed antepygidial bristle occurs on each side, the other two being abortive. Abdominal sternites with two bristles only, on each side. Lateral portion of ninth tergite with a thumb-shaped lobe, and the usual two bristles over insertion of claspers. The claspers are slender 406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. above and round tipped, but suddenly and broadly dilated backward, below. On the hind margin of this dilation are three stout, black teeth, the two upper short, the lower of nearly same diameter, but four times as long. ‘The ventral style is long and slender, but armed only with a single short bristle. Eighth tergite laterally with a num- ber of stout bristles, a row of four or five heavier ones in middle of hind margin being especially noteworthy. Hind coxe without minute teeth inside. Hind femora with a row of about four bristles along the side. Spines on apex of second joint of hind tarsi shorter than third joint. Fifth tarsal joint with the first pair of spines dislocated toward median line, though not strongly so. Length of joints of hind tarsi in the proportions: 23—-16,.5—-9-5-9. Length, 2.2mm. Color, pale brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6911, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS ASIO, new species. From Prof. A. P. Morse comes a single female specimen taken at Wellesley, Massachusetts, on Ilegascops asio. There can be little doubt that this occurrence is accidental and that the species is normally par- asitic on some small rodent of that region. But so far this specimen is the only representative seen of a very distinct species. Head rather strongly rounded from occiput to the distinct apical notch. Of the three stout bristles in the lower row in the gena the first and second are nearly equal in size and smaller than that on lower margin of head. The upper row of six small bristles extends from lower margin of head to high on antennal groove. Gena below eye rather acute posteriorly. Antennal groove extending to two-thirds depth of head, strongly narrowed below, the hind margin with numer- ous minute bristles especially near the lower angle. First antennal joint with two transverse rows of minute hairs, second with about five bristles which nearly equal the third joint. Back of the middle of antennal groove occurs one large bristle, and back and above this are about six smaller bristles; this arrangement alone clearly distinguish- ing this species from others nearly related. The bristles on hind margin of head are unusually strong. There are two at lateral angle, the lower smaller. On the body all the bristles near the median dorsal line are unusually long and stout. Pronotum with two transverse rows of bristles, the one on posterior third of about twelve larger bristles, the anterior of fewer and smaller ones. The hind margin of pronotum with a cteni- dium of about twenty stout spines. The meso- and metanotum each have three rows of bristles, the posterior row of about twelve larger bristles, the second row about the same number of small bristles, and the third row with still fewer and smaller bristles. _Metathoracic epiphysis with two heavy bristles on hind margin, two smaller anterior NO. 1861. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 407 to these, and a third row of three. Abdominal tergites each with two transverse rows of bristles, the posterior of sixteen or eighteen larger ones, the anterior of fewer and smaller bristles. Metanotum and first four abdominal tergites each with a small tooth on either side. Ante- pygidial spines three on each side, the middle one of each group scarcely extending over pygidium. Beneath pygidium on either side stand two short bristles. Hind margin of lateral portion of eighth seoment with two stout bristles and anterior to these two smaller ones. Style twice longer than wide at the somewhat swollen base, narrow- ing to a tip, where there is a long bristle; back of tip there is a bristle on upper margin and also one on lower margin. Hind coxa without minute teeth on inner surface. Hind femur with one small bristle on side. Apical spines on second hind tarsal joint shorter than third joint. First pair of spines on last hind tarsal joint inserted nearly in a line with the others, but somewhat bent in- ward. Lengths of mid tarsal joints in the proportions 16—-13-7.5-5-11. Length, 3.25 mm. Color, clear brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6912, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS CANADENSIS, new species. Plate XX, figs. 1-4. Several years ago Dr. J. Fletcher sent me a single female specimen from Ottawa, Canada, which could not be placed with any described species. I was loath to describe it at that time, not having made special studies of the female sexual characters, and especially because the host was not given. It is characterized here in the hope that the host will soon be determined and the male found. Head rapidly roundly sloping from occiput to frontal notch, which is rather low down on the front. Eye large, nearly elliptical in out- line. Gena with a lower row of three stout bristles, the middle smallest; the second row is represented by two small bristles in a line above upper bristle of lower row. Gena below eye obtusely pointed posteriorly. Antennal groove reaching two-thirds the depth of the head, rather strongly narrowed below, with a number of scattering minute hairs along the. posterior margin. The bristles on second -antennal joint are about five in number and nearly equal third joint. On disk of vertex back of antennal groove stands one stout bristle. Hind margin of head with the usual bristles, but with a single stout one at lower angle. Labial palpi nearly equaling anterior trochanters. Pronotum with a transverse row of about twelve bristles on pos- terior third, the hind margin with a ctenidium of about twenty stout spines. Meso- and metanotum each with two distinct rows of bristles and some scattering small bristles in front of these; the posterior row contains about twelve larger bristles, the next more and smaller ones. Metanotum with two small teeth on either side of hind margin, the Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03 i 2" 408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL. Be Phone tergite with one, second with two, and third with one, on either side. Abdominal tergites each with two transverse rows of bristles, the posterior row of about fourteen stouter, the anterior of fewer and much smaller, while still in front of these latter may be found a few scattering bristles. Abdominal sternites each with about five bristles on either side. Antepygidial bristles three on each side, the middle one of each set longest, reaching over pygidium, the inner smallest. Below the pygidium laterally are two stout bristles. Hind margin of eighth segment laterally narrowly rounded and lined by about eight stout bristles. Style stout, twice longer than wide at base, narrowing to the apex where there is a long bristle; proximad of apical bristle on under side is a smaller bristle. Substylar flap obtusely pointed, with some long bristles near the tip and a brush of shorter stouter ones on the lower margin. Hind coxe without minute teeth on the side. Hind femur with a. longitudinal row of five or six small bristles on the side. Apical spines on second joint of hind tarsi shorter than the third joint. Third hind tarsal joint with but two groups of spines on each side. Fifth hind tarsal joint with first pair of spines inserted nearly in a line with the others, but bent inward. Joints of hind tarsi slender, their lengths in the proportion 22—14.5—9.5-5- Length, 3 mm. ae clear brown. Type.—Cat. No. 69138, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS VISON, new species. Mr. Gerrit 5. Miller jr., took this species on Putorius vison at Peter- boro, New York. Prof. F. L. Harvey also found one specimen of it at Orono, Maine, on Seturus hudsonicus. It is closely related to other squirrel fleas, but a greater number of specimens were taken from Putorius. In this, as in some other cases, only a number of observations will determine the normal host. The specimens from Putorius furnish the types. Female: Upper margin of head evenly rounded from occiput to frontal notch, which is rather low down on the front. The middle bristle in the lower row of three on gena is nearly ‘as stout and long as the upper one. The upper oblique row of five small bristles extends from the margin of antennal groove to the lower margin of the head. A few minute hairs occur above the oval eye, which is of medium size and rather low down in the head.. Gena below eye sud- denly narrowed posteriorly from the rather broad portion immediately below eye to a somewhat acute point. Antennal groove extending to two-thirds the depth of the head, and but slightly narrowed below, its hind margin prominent and with scattering minute hairs. The first antennal joint with several transverse rows of minute hairs; the No, 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 409 five or six bristles on second antennal joint shorter than third joint. Disk of vertex back of middle of antennal groove with one large, stout bristle and two small ones. Hind margin of head with the usual bristles, a small supernumerary bristle occurring just below the large one at each lower angle. Labial palpi extending to one-fourth of anterior femora. Pronotum with a transverse row of about twelve unusually stout bristles on posterior third and on hind margin a ctenidium of about twenty stout spines. Meso- and metanotum each with two rows of bris- tles on posterior half, the posterior row of about ten larger bristles, the anterior of a somewhat greater number of smaller ones. Metanotum and first three abdominal tergites each with a small tooth on either side of hind margin. Metathoracic epiphysis with one bristle on hind mar- gin; anterior to this a row containing one large and two smaller ones; still anterior to this row occur two small bristles. Abdominal tergites each with two rows of bristles, the posterior row of about fourteen larger ones, the anterior of fewer and smaller ones. Middle sternites each with four bristles on either side. Antepygidial spines three on each side, the middle one of each group extending to the end of the pygidium, the inner and outer scarcely half the length of the middle one. Beneath the pygidium on either side occur two large bristles and one small one. The hind margin of eighth segment laterally is lined with about six large bristles. Style stout, the length not twice the width at base, rapidly narrow- ing to the apex where there is a long bristle; proximad of the apical bristle there is another on the upper margin and‘also one on the lower margin. Substylar flap obtuse, with two stout bristles near the apex, and four or five short, stout ones on the lower surface. Hind coxee without minute teeth oninner surface. Hind femur with two small bristles on the side. Apical spines on second hind tarsal joint shorter than the third joint. The third joint of hind tarsi has three groups of spines on either side. First pair of spines on fifth joint of hind tarsi inserted on a line with the others, but bent inward. Lengths of hind tarsal joints in the proportion 25—15—L0—5—L0.5, Length, 3.25 mm. Color, clear brown. Male: Head flattened above as usual, the front gently rounded. Antepygidial spines with the central one of each group as in the female, but the inner and outer aborted. On the sides the eighth seg- ment is obtusely extended posteriorly, the upper margin of this por- tion with about five stout bristles, none on the lower margin, but a number on the disk. Lateral portion of ninth tergite with a slender thumb-shaped lobe, which is twice longer than wide, the two bristles over insertion of claspers standing very close together. The upper claspers are large, subrectangular above the thick pedicel, the rectangular portion about twice longer than wide and twice the 410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. length of the lobe of the ninth tergite. The upper posterior angle of claspers is rounded and with two slender bristles; below this angle stands a short, stout, dark-colored, downward-curved bristle, while another like it also occurs at the roundly, slightly extended lower angle. Length, 2.5 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6914, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS LUCIDUS, new species. Plate XX, figs. 5-9. While camped near Pagosa Peak, in southern Colorado, during 1899, at an elevation of about 9,000 feet, I found that the little spruce squirrels so abundant there were commonly infested with a flea which differs from any of the other squirrel fleas, though closely related to v7son. Female: Margin of head above strongly and evenly rounded from occiput tomouth. The frontal notch is inconspicuous. Ofthe bristles in the lower row on gena the middle one is smallest. The upper row consists of about five bristles, and extends from the antennal groove to the lower margin of the head. Gena below eye broadly subtruncate posteriorly. Above the strongly ovate eye are a few minute hairs. The antennal groove extends to two-thirds the depth of the head, and is somewhat narrowed below, the hind margin with a very few minute hairs above and below. First antennal joint with a few short hairs near the apex, the second joint having about five bristles, which are shorter than third joint. On the disk of the vertex back of the middle of the antennal groove occurs one stout bristle and two smaller ones. Hind margin of head with the usual bristles, and also with a small supernumerary bristle beneath the large one at each lower angle. Labial palpi equaling or a little exceeding the anterior trochanters. Pronotum with a transverse row of about ten bristles on the pos- terior third, and on the hind margin a ctenidium of about sixteen stout spines. Meso- and metanotum posteriorly each with a row of about ten stronger bristles, anterior to which is a row of fewer smaller bristles. Metathoracic epiphysis with one large bristle on the hind margin, one large and two small bristles in front of this, and two still smaller in front of the latter. Metanotum and first three abdominal sternites each with a small tooth on either side of hind margin. Middle abdominal tergites each with a row of about twelve larger bristles, and anterior to this a row of fewer smaller bristles. Sternites ach with a row of six to ten bristles. Antepygidial bristles three on each side, the central one in each group about twice longer than the others, but scarcely projecting beyond the pygidium. Below the pygidium on each side occur two bristles. Style short and stout, not twice longer than wide at base, narrowing to the apex, where there is a long bristle; proximad of the apical bristle occurs one on upper and another on lower margin. No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. Aid Hind coxa without minute teeth inside. Hind femur with one minute bristle on side. Spines on apex of second hind tarsal joint shorter than third joint. Third joint of hind tarsi with two groups of spines on either margin. First pair of spines on last joint of hind tarsi inserted on a line with the others, but somewhat bent inward. Length of hind tarsal joints in the proportions 20-13-8—5-9. Length, 3mm. Color, dark, almost blackish, brown. Male: Head flattened above as usual. The genital organs are very similar in structure to those of wson. Length, 2.25 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6915, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS MONTANUS Baker. Plate X XII, figs. 7-8, and Plate X XITI, figs. 1-5. Originally taken from the gray squirrel in the northern Colorado mountains; this species has since been found in southern Colorado and in Arizona. In southern Colorado, at Arboles, 1 found it abundant on Rock Squirrel, and in Arizona, Hubbard collected a series on Rock Squirrel in the Santa Rita Mountains. In addition to the original deseription, further details are indicated in the accompanying figures and synopsis. CERATOPHYLLUS ARCTOMYS, new species. Plate X XII, figs. 1-6. At Peterboro, New York, Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., of the U. S. National Museum, has collected a large and distinct species, on Avc- tomys monax, which is related to montanus, possessing like it the greatly elongated mouthparts, but differing in the much greater size and various details. Female: Head with a rather broadly evenly rounded outline above, the frontal notch distinct. The gena with two oblique rows of bris- tles—three in each. A few minute hairs occur above the small oval eye. Gena below eye truncate posteriorly. Bristles on second joint of antenne exceeding third joint. Hind margin of antennal groove lined with a number of small hairs. On disk of vertex, back of mid- dle of antennal groove, stands a single large stout bristle. Hind mar- gin of head with two or three bristles above; somewhat above lower angle occurs a large, long bristle, beneath which stands one or two small supernumerary bristles. The labial palpi extend nearly to end of anterior femora. Pronotum with a transverse row of about fourteen bristles on pos- terior third and on hind margin a ctenidium of eighteen or twenty stout spines. The anterior row of bristles on meso- and metanotum contains about ten small bristles; on mesonotum posteriorly there is a row of about twelve larger bristles, and on metanotum a row of sixteen. On the hind margin of the metathoracic epiphysis stands one large AD PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOI, XXVII. bristle, anterior to this a second large one, and still anterior to the second two smaller ones. The hind margin of metanotum and _ first four abdominal tergites each with two small teeth on either side. The rows of larger bristles on abdominal tergites number about as follows: I—14, Il—24, —22, IV—16, V—18, VI—20, VII—18. Antepy- eidial bristles, three on each side, the central one in each group extend- ing beyond pygidium; the outer in each group five-sixths as long as the central, the inner slightly more than a third as long. Posterior rows of bristles on abdominal sternites with from eight to sixteen bristles; an anterior row is represented by one or two median bristles. The end of the abdomen is very bristly. Beneath the pygidium on either side stand four stout bristles. The tenth tergite is unusually well covered with medium sized and small bristles. The style is short and unusually stout, not twice longer than broad, thickest at middle, but little narrowed at the tip, where there is a long bristle; back of the apical are several shorter bristles. The substylar flap is almost hidden in long strong bristles, and the lateral portion of eighth segment bears many. The hind cox are without minute teeth on the inside. The hind femur has a row of about twelve strong bristles on the side. A bristle on either side of apex of second joint of hind tarsi extends beyond third joint. The spines on fifth tarsal joint are arranged in the typical Ceratophyllus manner. Length, 3.75-4 mm. Color, clear brown. Male: Head flattened above in the usual manner. Antennal groove reaching upper margin of head. But one long bristle occurs in the antepygidial groups, the other two being aborted. Hind margin of eighth segment above with about eight stout spines, and in front of these are scattered a number others of equal size. Lateral portion of ninth segment with its lobe short, thick at base, and rapidly tapered above to an obtuse point. Apparently only one bristle occurs over the insertion of the claspers. Upper claspers with a stout pedicel, the limb rather large, somewhat reversed thumb-shaped, the rounded hind margin with about five small bristles. The ventral style is long and dilated toward the tip, where there are two long bristles, the lower margin bearing a row of several smaller bristles. Length, 2.75 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6916, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS PROXIMUS, new species. Plate XIX, figs. 1-5. From southern California come only females of another spermophile flea, which differ in various characters from any spermophile flea pre- viously examined. Mr. H. G. Hubbard collected it at Palm Springs. Female: Head normally rounded from occiput to mouth, with a dis- No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 413 tinct Frontal nee +h. Gena with the normal tewe er row of three bristles, the middle one of the row weakest, the upper row represented by one bristle near the margin. No minute hairs occur above the eye. Gena below eye obliquely truncated posteriorly. Hind margin of antennal eroove with avery few small hairs. Hind margin of head with the usual bristles, and one on the disk of the vertex behind the middle of the antennal groove. Labial palpi reaching beyond the middle of the anterior femora. Pronotum with a transverse row of about ten bristles and a ctenidium of sixteen stout spines. Meso- and metanotum with two rows of bristles each, the principal row, in both cases, composed of about twelve bristles. Hind margin of metanotum with four small dark- colored teeth. Abdominal tergites each with two rows of bristles, the principal row of fourteen to sixteen bristles. Antepygidial bristles three on each side, two larger of nearly equal length, and one smaller near the median line in each group. Hind margins of first and second abdominal tergites with a single small dark tooth on each side. Abdominal sternites each with six or seven bristles on either side, the seventh and eighth only with two rows. Just beneath the pygidium on either side are two stout bristles. Tenth tergite with scattering small bristles, which are larger toward the tip. Style rather short, swollen toward the base and narrowed to the tip, where there is one long bristle, back of which are two small bristles, one above and one below. Substylar flaps thickly bristled, the longest bristles being apical. Hind cox without minute teeth within. Hind femur with a row of four or five bristles on the side. One of the apical spines on joint i of hind tarsi extends to one-half of fifth joint. The last tarsal joint has five spines on either margin, but the first pair are slightly bent inward. Lengths of hind tarsal joints in the proportion 24—-10-7—5—-9, Length, 2.6 mm. Color, clear brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6917, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS BRUNERI Baker. Plate X XV, figs. 1-5. This species was originally described from C7tellus 15-lineatus and Q. franklini. We have no new records to add, as some of the supposedly new records have turned out to refer to different species. Additional structural details may be made out from the figures and synopsis. CERATOPHYLLUS IDAHOENSIS, new species. Plate > LX CVI ele figs. 1-6. Four specimens which Professor Aldrich took on C7tellus colum- bianus at Moscow, Idaho, represent two perfectly distinct species, 414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XVII, and fortuately a male and a female of each. The smaller (¢ubereulatus) has been described (p. 393); the other is a larger species, lacking the frontal tubercle and differing in various other details. Female: Head broadly rounded from occiput to frontal notch, which is minute and inconspicuous. The lower row of genal bristles with three members, the middle a little higher than the others and much smaller. The upper row is represented by one rather small bristle on the margin. ‘The gena, below the eye, is posteriorly broad and trun- cate. Antennal groove with a number of small rather stout hairs on the hind margin. The second joint of antenna with about ten bristles, which extend beyond third joint. The hind margin of the head has two or three bristles above and the usual stout one on either side below. One spine occurs on the disk of the vertex behind the middle of the antennal groove. The mandibles extend to one-third of the anterior femora. The thoracic tergites each have a transverse row of about twelve stout bristles and one distinct row of smaller ones. The pronotum has the usual long spine on each lateral angle and on the hind margin a cte- nidium of about twenty stout black spines. The bristles on the abdo- men are all unusually long and stout. Most of the tergites have about eighteen bristles in the principal row, and sixteen to twenty in the smaller row. The metanotum and first two tergites each with two small teeth on either side of hind margin. Antepygidial bristles three on each side, the inner in each group shortest, the middle longest, though not exceeding pygidium. Most of the sternites have a prin- cipal row of about twelve stout bristles, and four or six bristles in a second row. Beneath the pygidium on either side there are four large bristles, the two outer shorter. The eighth segment on either side below with about three rows of four bristles each. Style shghtly swollen below and narrowed to the apex, where there is a long, stout bristle, below which is a shorter one; behind the apical bristle is a transverse row of still shorter ones. Substylar flap with several longer bristles at the tip and a dense brush of short bristles oni the lower margin. Hind cox without minute teeth inside. Hind femur with a longi- tudinal row of about nine minute bristles on the side. A spine on the apex of second joint of hind tarsi equals joint II and IV together. Spines on under side of fifth tarsal joint similarly placed in rows of five on either margin. Lengths of hind tarsal joints in the proportion 19-11-8-5-9. Length 3.5 mm. Male: Head flattened and thickened above in the usual manner. Middle bristle in lower row on gena longer than in female. Two bris- tles occur in upper row, the first above the first of the lower row. The bristles on the hind margin of the antennal groove are larger and fewer than in female. Only one large antepygidial bristle occurs on either "omnes 1 Ms No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 415 side, and this extends to the apex of the abdomen; the other two bris- tles normally occurring in each group are here reduced to minute hairs. The eighth segment on either side bears about three rows of four or five stout bristles each. Lateral portion of ninth tergite with the apical lobe short, very much broadened at base, and with a few weak hairs at tip. The upper claspers resemble those of tuberculatus. The ventral style has several very long, rather stout bristles. Length, 2.5 mm. Color, clear brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6918, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS ARIZONENSIS Baker. Plate XXIII, fig. 6, and Plate XXIV, figs. 8-12. This species was based on a single male specimen taken by Mr. Hubbard from the nest of Weotoma albigula at Tucson, Arizona. Additional structural details are brought out in the figures and synopsis. CERATOPHYLLUS PETIOLATUS, new species. Plate XVIII, figs. 7-11. This is one of several peculiar things which Professor Aldrich found on Lynx canadensis at Moscow, Idaho, though its occurrence on that host is undoubtedly wholly fortuitous. It but still more emphat- ically indicates the great need of a careful collection of the species normal to the many small rodents. This species is closely related to Arizonensis. It is represented in the collection by one male speci- men. I at first took it to be the male of tuherculatus, but the far greater length of labial palpi and mandibles in the latter species, together with other minor differences not considered sexual, make such a reference impossible. Head flattened above as usual. The frontal notch is prominent, somewhat as in ¢wberculatus. Gena with a normal lower row of three bristles, the upper row represented by one bristle on the lower mar- gin of head and one near the antennal groove. Gena below the eye obtusely pointed posteriorly. Antennal groove nearly reaching the upper margin of the head, its hind margin with a scattering row of minute bristles slightly back from the edge. Second joint of antenne with seven or eight bristles which are nearly as long as the third joint. On the disk of the vertex back of the middle of the antennal groove there is one stout bristle. On the hind margin of the head occur the usual bristles, with one long, stout one at each lower angle. The labial palpi extend to the end of the anterior cox. The pronotum has a transverse row of about fourteen bristles on the posterior third and on the hind margin a ctenidium of about twenty stout spines. The meso- and metanotum each have two rows of bristles, the posterior row in each case of twelve or fourteen stouter 416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. [ fe bristles. The metathoracie epiphysis has one bristle at the posterior angle and two others in front of this; still anterior to the latter and somewhat above occur three more. Hind margins of metanotum and first and second abdominal tergites each with two small teeth on either side; the third tergite has one on either side. The middle abdominal tergites each with about twenty larger bristles in the posterior row, fewer smaller ones in the anterior row. But one long antepygidial bristle occurs on either side, the others being aborted. Lateral por- tions of eighth segment with numerous bristles in two thick-set lots near the hind margin, the upper lot of about sixteen smaller bristles, the lower lot of about twenty larger, longer ones. Lateral portion of ninth tergite very large, the lobe very large, scarcely narrowed toward tip, and extending as far dorsad as do the claspers. The two bristles over the insertion of the claspers are rather far up on the margin and somewhat separated. The upper claspers are long and narrow; inner margin nearly straight, the outer rounded and with four bristles. Above, the claspers are squarely truncate across the tip and obliquely so toward the hind margin. Hind coxa without minute teeth inside. The hind femur has a longitudinal row of about ten small hairs on side. First tarsal joint with five groups of spines on either side. Spines on apex of second joint of hind tarsi longer than joints ii and iii together. Spines on fifth tarsal joint arranged after the normal Ceratophyllus manner. Lengths of joints of hind tarsi in the proportions 15—-10.5-6—5—6.5. Length, 2.5 mm. Color, pale brown, darker dorsally. Type.—Cat. No. 6919, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS IGNOTUS Baker. Plate XXI, figs. 1-6. The American mole flea was originally described from specimens taken in Iowa, Colorado, and Idaho, on Geomys bursarius and Thomo- mys talpoides, under two names. The eyes are rudimentary. A certain portion of the material with eyes fairly distinct was placed in Pulex iqnotus. ater, additional material, with the eyes almost entirely wanting pigment, was described as 7yphlopsylla americana. The former name takes precedence. This but illustrates the impossi- bility of using the comparative development of the eye as a primary generic character. > CERATOPHYLLUS DIVISUS Baker. Plate X XI, figs. 7-10. This was originally described from specimens collected by Professor Bruner on Fremont’s Chickaree, in Colorado, as Pulex longispinus, which name. had, however, been previously used by Wagner. NO. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 417 CERATOPHYLLUS COLORADENSIS Baker. Plate X XV, figs. 6-9. This was originally collected with divisus. It is, however, far larger and differs in many characters which can scarcely be secondary sexual characters, judging from experience with many other species. Further collections of both species are great desiderata. A careful comparison of synopsis and drawings will show the conspicuous differences. CERATOPHYLLUS EREMICUS, new species. There have been in the collection for some time two female spec- imens collected from a nest of Peromyscus eremicus in the foothills of the Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, by Mr. H. G. Hubbard. By rea- son of the greatly elongate first joint of hind tarsi this species is closely related to coloradensis, but it possesses a number of very distinctive features. Upper margin of head a broad, sloping curve from occiput to frontal notch, which is distinct though minute. Lower row of three bristles on gena with the middle bristle scarcely half the length of the others, the upper even with, though somewhat removed from, the small some- what oblong eye. Superior row also of three bristles, the upper one not near the edge of the antennal groove, the middle one very minute, and the lower much smaller than the upper. Gena below the eye obtusely pointed posteriorly. Antennal groove reaching scarcely two- thirds the depth of the head; the hind margins with a number of minute, irregularly placed hairs. Bristles on second joint of antennxe very small and short, not half the length of the third joint. Disk of vertex back of middle of antennal groove with one large bristle. Hind margin of head with the usual bristles, one large one at each lower angle. Pronotum with a row of about twelve bristles on the posterior third and on the hind margin a ctenidium of about eighteen stout spines. Meso- and metanotum each with a row of about ten larger bristles, anterior to which are several illy defined rows of very minute bristles. Metathoracic epiphysis with one larger bristle on the posterior border, two in front of this, and three in front of and above the latter. Me- tanotum and first and third abdominal tergites each with one small tooth on either side, the second tergite having two on either side. The middle abdominal tergites have each a row of about twelve larger bristles, and anterior to this a row of about the same number of smaller ones. Antepygidial bristles, three on each side, the middle in each group longest, the inner shortest. Abdominal sternites each with one row of six bristles, though the sixth and seventh show two or four 418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. minute bristles in the position of the second row. The end of the abdomen is provided with comparatively very few bristles. Beneath the pygidium on either side occurs one long and one short bristle. The style is very broad at base and rapidly narrowed to the apex, where there is a single bristle, proximad of which on the lower margin stands a smaller bristle. Substylar flap rather long, obtusely pointed, with two long bristles near the tip and about four short, stout bristles on the lower margin. Lateral portion of eighth segment near hind margin with scattering small bristles. Hind cox without minute teeth inside. Hind femur with one small bristle on the side dorsally. First joint of hind tarsi with five groups of spines on the anterior border and six on the posterior. Apical spines on second joint of hind tarsi not exceeding the third joint. First pair of spines on fifth tarsal joint slightly dislocated toward median line and directed straight distad. Lengths of hind tarsal joints in the proportions 28—11—6.5-5-10. Length, 2.75 mm. Color, pale brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6920, U.S.N.M. CERATOPHYLLUS STYLOSUS, new species. Plate XIV, figs. 1-7, and Plate XV, figs. 1-2. This species is the largest of the order in America, and of most anomalous structure. It was collected at Astoria, Oregon, on Aplo- dontia rufa, by Dr. A. K. Fisher, of the U. 8. Biological Survey. There is no doubt but that in the still further division of this genus which must come this will form a separate genus by itself. Viewed in the broad sense in which these genera are here treated, it may be placed in Ceratophyllus temporarily, though in most of its characters it is absolutely unique and stands alone. It has some affinities with Hystrichopsylla. Female: Head evenly, rather strongly rounded from the occiput to the deeply cut frontal notch. Save for a slight thickening in the chitin at the edge of the antennal groove, the eye is totally wanting. The lower row of genal bristles consists of five stout bristles distrib- uted between the margin of the antennal groove and the lower margin of the head. Above this the second oblique row consists of about six much smaller bristles. The lower margin of gena is strongly sinuate, and the posterior prolongation is narrowly rounded or very obtusely pointed. The antennal groove extends to two-thirds the depth of the head, the anterior margin greatly thickened, the posterior margin not sharply defined and covered by a large number of minute hairs. The_ first antennal joint has three transverse rows of short bristles on outside; the second joint bears about ten bristles which do not extend to half the length of the third. The disk of the vertex back of the middle of the antennal groove with an oblique row of bristles, con- sisting of one large bristle near the antennal groove and about six f NO. 1361. ° REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 419 smaller ones, the row extending upward and backward. Hind margin of head with about eighteen bristles, one at each lower angle, and one above this within the lower angle, large and long. Mouth parts large and long, the labial palpi slightly exceeding anterior trochanters. Pronotum with a transverse row of about twenty small bristles near hind margin, and on hind margin a ctenidium of about thirty stout spines. Meso- and metanotum each with a row of about eighteen larger bristles posteriorly, and anterior to this three more or less clearly defined rows of minute bristles. Metathoracic epiphysis with two bristles on the posterior margin, in front of which is a row of about six, and still in front of the latter a row of about three bristles. First abdominal tergite with two short teeth on either side, second with three, and third with two on either side. Abdominal tergites each with a transverse row of about twenty stronger bristles and an anterior row of fewer and far smaller bristles. Antepygidial bristles four on each side, the two middle of each group longest, but not sur- passing the pygidium. Sometimes an extra bristle may occur in one or both groups. Between the two groups of antepygidial bristles, the seventh segment is slightly, medially, angularly produced caudad. Abdominal sternites each with one row of stout bristles (of about twenty-four bristles on each middle sternite), which curves cephalad laterally, and in front of this two very irregular rows of smaller and far fewer bristles. The end of the abdomen is clothed with rather numerous small bristles, two stouter ones occurring on either side beneath the pygid- ium. The style is small, twice longer than broad, almost perfectly cylindrical, and with two bristles at the tip. Substylar flap small, with several long bristles at tip and a number of shorter stouter ones on lower margin. Tenth tergite with numerous weak bristles, and hind margin of eighth segment below with numerous bristles. Hind coxa without minute teeth inside. Hind femur with about two irregular rows of many small bristles on the side. The tibial spines are similar to those of others of the genus, but there area greater number of bristles on the side of the tibia than occurs in other species. The tarsal joints are not more slender than usual. The first hind tarsal joint with six groups of spines on either margin. ‘The spines on the apex of the second hind tarsal joint shorter than the third joint. First pair of spines on the last tarsal joint somewhat dis- located inward and incurved, though not projecting straight distad. Lengths of hind tarsal joints in the proportions 25—-13.5-8,5-5—9.5. Length, 5.75 mm. Color, clear brown. Male: Head flattened above in the usual manner. The antennal groove reaches the upper margin of the head. The first abdominal tergite has three teeth on either side of hind margin, the outer on each side quite long; the second tergite has four or five of about equal length on either side; the third has three on either side and the fourth 490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL. one or two. Antepygidial bristles three on each side, the middle in each group longest and far exceeding pygidium, the inner shortest. Between the two groups of antepygidial bristles there projects caudad over one-third of pygidium a narrowly triangular median prolonga- tion of the seventh tergite, in which character this species differs from any other known species of the order. The eighth segment is large laterally and subrectangular posteriorly; the hind margin above has numerous medium-sized bristles and below is provided with a brush of numerous long, fine, and soft hairs. The lateral portion of the ninth tergite bears three bristles over inser- tion of upper clasper and is extended dorsally into a slightly recurved, ‘ather sharp triangular lobe. Upper claspers very large, obtriangu- lar, the upper margin with a thick-set row of rather numerous, quite uniform bristles. Length, 5.5 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6921, U.S.N.M. Genus CTENOPHTHALMUS Kolenati. 1857. Ctenophthalmus Kotenatt, Die Parasiten der Chiropteren, p. 33. 1863. Ctenophthalmus KoLenatt, Hore Ent. Soc. Ross., UH, p. 35. This genus differs from Ceratophyllus in very much the same way that Ctenocephalus does from Pulex—by the possession of ctenidia on the gene. As has been noted under Ceratophyllus, the characters indicated by Wagner can not be used for the division of the American species. As known at present, the genus is not well represented in America, though any generalizations of this sort are premature, owing to the very desultory character of the collecting which has been done. Doubtless many other species will be found infesting our moles and shrews. SYNOPSIS OF AMERICAN SPECIES. a. Head ctenidia of one tooth on either side; size large ---..--------- gigas (p. 421). aa. Head ctenidia of three to five teeth on either side; size small. b. Spines of head ctenidia in longitudinal rows on lower margins of gene, three on each side; the last joint of the hind tarsi with only three well-developed Splnesonielthemmancine sss ee een ee eee eae pseudagyrtes (p. 421). bb. Spines of head ctenidia in vertical rows on hind margins of genze, four or five on each side; the last joint of hind tarsi with four well-developed spines on either side, at least in fraternus and genalis. c. Spines of head ctenidia very similar in shape; pronotal ctenidium of twenty to twenty-two spines. d. Head ctenidia each of four spines; head evenly rounded in front; antennal grooves connected by a furrow over top of head (male); front with a marginal row of six bristles on each side..--------- intermedius (p. 423). dd. Head ctenidia each of five spines; head angulate in front; antennal grooves not connected by a furrow over top of head (male); front without mar- ginal -bristles:-. 2.4.4 2 2 eee eee fraternus (p. 423). ce. Spines of head ctenidia very dissimilar in shape; pronotal ctenidium of about twenty-eight spines. ....-.------- cs doers genalis (p. 424). NO. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 491 CTENOPHTHALMUS GIGAS (Kirby). The attempt to employ this name, based as it was on an unrecog- nizable description, was perhaps unwise. At the time it was done some Canadian and Northern United States fleas were in the collection, and this was the only one which at all fitted the original description as tosize. It was collected by myself at Agricultural College, Michigan, on Lepus. Later, two northern species of //ystrichopsylla came to hand, either of which might have been referred to under this name with equal propriety, so far as the description is concerned. Only an examination of the type can settle the matter, and this may still be in existence in the British Museum. In the meantime the matter will be allowed to stand just as it is in order to avoid any additional con- fusion. In addition to the characters given in the first description, the following may be noted: Female: The upper and lower rows of genal bristles are continued obliquely on to the vertex in the manner so characteristic of this genus—on the vertex about six bristles occurring above and about eight below. A pigmented eye is wholly wanting. Hind margin of antennal groove with a single row of small hairs. The pronotum has two rows of bristles, and the meso- and metanotum three or foureach. The first and second abdominal tergites each have two small teeth on either side, and the third one on either side. End of abdomen very heavily bristled. Antepygidial bristles three on each side and very large, the middle one in each set longest. Style long and slender, about three times as long as wide at base, nearly cylindrical, with a long bristle at apex, and just back of this two minute ones. The fourth pair of spines on last joint of hind tarsi are aborted, so that there are only four pairs of well-developed spines, asin Pulex. CTENOPHTHALMUS PSEUDAGYRTES, new species. Plate XI, figs. 7-12. Although in the Preliminary Studies this species was referred to a varietal form of ass/mi/is, yet later it became a very doubtful refer- ence. The appearance of Rothschild’s study of the Kuropean aqyrtes confirmed the suspicions as to its distinctness. It differs from wgyrtes more especially in the armature of the first joint of the hind tarsi and in the genitalia. Specimens are now in the collection from Geomys bursarius at Agricultural College, Michigan (Baker), from Sca/ops argentatus at Ames, lowa (Osborn), from nest of field mouse at Ithaca, New York (MacGillivray), and from Jegascops asio at Wellesley, Massachusetts (Morse). ‘The last-mentioned occurrence is to be con- sidered as wholly accidental, The Michigan specimens are taken as types, 499 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVH, Female: He al ieoudly evenly rounded from occiput to mouth. The frontal notch is distinct by reason of a thickening of the chitinous crust at this point. Gena with an upper row of about five bristles (uppermost largest), a middle row of three larger ones, and a row of three heavy dark-colored ctenidial teeth on lower margin. The eye is represented by a scarcely pigmented thickening of the’ chitin on the margin of the antennal groove. The antennal groove extends to three- fourths the depth of the head and is connected with that on opposite side, across the top of the head, by a fine groove flanked with chitinous thickenings. The lower row of bristles on the vertex is represented by one large bristle back of the middle of the antennal groove; the upper row consists of four strong bristles standing in a slightly oblique line. Antennal groove strongly narrowed below, its hind margin near the lower edge of the head covered by a patch of numerous minute bristles. Labial palpi reaching to three-fourths of anterior coxe. Pronotum with a row of about fourteen bristles on posterior third, and on hind margin a ctenidium of about fourteen long stout spines. Meso- and metanotum each with three rows of bristles, the posterior of about twelve large bristles, the next of fewer and smaller bristles. Metathoracie scale with two vertical rows of three bristles each. First, second, and third abdominal tergites each with a small tooth on either side of hind margin. Abdominal tergites each with two distinct rows of bristles, and anteriorly a third row represented by a few bristles; there are about twelve larger bristles in the posterior row on middle tergites, varying to four in this row on the eighth tergite. Antepygidial bristles three on each side, the middle in each group longest, the inner shortest. Middle abdominal sternites each with about ten bristles in the principal row, in front of which are scattered remnants of two other rows, one to three bristles each. The end of the abdomen is only moderately bristled. No stout bristles occur on either side just below pygidium. The tenth tergite dorsally bears numerous small bristles. The style is two and a half times as long as broad at base, and narrowed to the slender tip, where there is a long bristle. The substylar flap has two long bristles near the apex and a few short stout ones on the lower margin. The eighth segment possesses a number of bristles below. Hind coxa without minute teeth on inside. Hind femur without minute hairs on side. The first joint of hind tarsi has six sets of spines on anterior margin and five sets on posterior margin. One spine on apex of joint II of hind tarsi somewhat exceeding joint III. First pair of spines on fifth tarsal joint strongly dislocated toward median line and directed straight distad; the fourth pair are aborted, occurring as fine hairs only. Length of hind tarsal joints in the pro-. portions 18.5-13.5—-8.5-5-8.5. Length, 3mm. Color, pale brown. - No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 4293 Male: Head flattened above or even a little depressed. Upper row of bristles on vertex dislocated at middle, two bristles being lower than the other two. The inner and outer spines in each group of antepyei- dial bristles are considerably smaller than the middle one, thoueh not reduced to hairs. | Lateral portion of ninth tergite two-lobed, the upper lobe very short and bluntly rounded and with three long bristles on the posterior margin; lower lobe as in agyrtes, with one bristle over the insertion of the claspers. Upper claspers rather long, parallel sided, the outer upper angle obtusely pointed, the upper inner angle broadly obliquely rounded and here margined with a number of small hairs; on the hind margin are several minute hairs near the upper end, and several small bristles below. Length, 1.75 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 6922, U.S.N.M. CTENOPHTHALMUS INTERMEDIUS (Wagner). This species—described as a 7yphlopsylla by Dr. Wagner—was col- lected on Metachirus opossum in Paraguay and Ecuador. It is an interesting addition to the American fauna, very distinct from any- thing previously described. The structure of the head strongly sug- gests Ctenopsyllus, but the tibial spines and other characters are those of Ctenophthalmus. CTENOPHTHALMUS FRATERNUS Baker. This species is known only from the type, a single female taken at Brookings, South Dakota, by Professor Aldrich. He did not give the host, though it is quite likely to prove to be one of the moles. As the original characterization was somewhat meager, the following descrip- tive notes are added: The head is broadly rounded from the occiput to the prominent frontal notch; and thence slopes downward and backward to the mouth, giving the head an angulated appearance. A row of six bris- tles occurs high upon the gena; below this a row of two large and one small bristle, and on lower posterior portion of gena a ctenidium par- allel to the upper rows of bristles and composed of five large, stout, ‘dark-colored spines, the middle three longest. The antenna! groove _S°: reaches to three-fourths the depth of the head, is not connected with the opposite antennal groove by a furrow passing over the top, and is without minute hairs or bristles scattered along the posterior margin. On the disk of the vertex occur extensions of the two rows of bristles on gena—about seven bristles above and eight below. Hind margin of head with the usual bristles. Labial palpi equaling three-fourths of anterior cox, the apex of the last joint having the usual minute hairs except that posteriorly on each palpus one is much enlarged and hooked. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03 28 494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVI, iP Fouoturd with a row rot about twelve bristles on the posterior third, and on the hind margin a ctenidium of about twenty stout spines. Meso- and metanotum each with a row of ten or twelve larger bristles and a second row of more numerous smaller ones. Metathoracic epiphysis with a single bristle on the hind margin, and anterior to this two rows of three bristles each. The middle abdominal tergites each have a transverse row of fourteen larger bristles, and a second row of more numerous smaller ones. First abdominal tergite with three small teeth on either side of hind margin, second, third, and fourth each with two on either side, and fifth and sixth each with one. Antepygidial bristles badly broken in this specimen, but there are apparently only two on either side. The abdominal sternites each have a single row of from four to six large bristles. The end of the abdomen is rather heavily clothed with bristles. The style is about three times as long as wide at base, nearly cylin- drical, and with a long bristle at apex. The substylar flap has a thick brush of hairs on the lower margin. The hind coxe have a group of numerous small, short, somewhat thickened bristles on the inside, which resemble the grouped teeth occurring here in some Pulex and Ceratophyllus. Hind femur with a single small bristle on side near base. The spines on hind legs are unusually long. The first joint of the hind tarsi has five groups of spines on either margin; the last joint with but eight heavy spines, four on either margin. Hind tarsi mutilated in this specimen, but lengths of middle tarsal joints in the proportion 12—11—7-5-12. Length, 2.25 mm. Color, pale brown. CTENOPHTHALMUS GENALIS, new species. A species collected on Geomys bursarius at the Agricultural College of Michigan, and formerly supposed to be a variety of fraterna, is now considered wholly distinct and described herewith from a single male. Head somewhat flattened above. Rows of genal bristles pushed high up on head. The insertions of the five irregular ctenidial spines occupy half the surface of the gene. These ctenidial spines are very dissim- ilar, the middle three longer, the upper distinctly spatulate, and the next one slightly so. The bristles on the second antennal joint are far shorter than the third joint. The antennal groove reaches the upper margin of the head, and its hind margin is without minute bristles or hairs. The upper row on either side of vertex has about four bristles, the second row about six. The hind margin of the head has the usual bristles. The labial palpi are slender and equal three-fourths of ante- rior coxe. The maxillary palpi are unusually short and thick. Pronotum with a row of about twelve bristles on posterior third, and on hind margin a ctenidium of about twenty-eight slender spines. ? i | wo. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 495 Mesonotum with a single row of about twelve bristles. Metanotum with a row of about twelve larger bristles, and behind this, on either side, three smaller ones. Metathoracic epiphysis with one large bristle posteriorly, two anterior to this, and one small, short one in front of the latter. First abdominal tergite with a single small tooth on either side, second with three on either side, third with two. and fourth with one on either side. Abdominal tergites each with a transverse row of ten bristles, and on the first two or three segments a second row of one to three bristles on a side. One stout antepygidial bristle mounted on atuberecle on each side. Middle abdominal sternites each with a single row of six bristles. Lateral portion of ninth tergite greatly enlarged and triangular, long-pointed backward. Upper claspers rather small, not extending beyond tip of prolonged portion of ninth tergite, somewhat spatulate, the inner upper angle acute, the- outer upper angle broadly rounded, the hind margin with six to eight bristles; on the inside at base there is separated a short, broad, acute piece like a large tooth. Hind cox with a group of short stout bristles on inside, resembling the similarly grouped teeth in Pu/ex. Hind femur with a single bris- tle on inside. The first joint of the hind tarsi has four groups of spines on either margin; the apical spines on the second joint are shorter than the third joint. The fifth tarsal joint on first and second tarsi have five spines on either margin as in typical Ceratophyl/us, while on the fifth joint of hind tarsi there are but four on either mar- gin as in Pulex, Lengths of hind tarsal joint in the proportions 23-15-10-5-12. Length, 2.25 mm. Color, pale brown. Type.—Cat. No, 6923, U.S.N.M. Genus ANOMIOPSYLLUS, new genus. This genus is founded on an insect which I described in 1898 as Typhlopsylla nudata. It then dropped into that convenient ‘‘catch- all” Typhlopsylla, on account of its lack of eyes, though it was remarked at that time that it represented a distinct genus. One of the most conspicuous characters is the great length of the maxillary palpi, which exceed the fore cox. The eyes are wholly wanting. On the dorsal line the pronotum and mesonotum are of equal length, while the metanotum is shorter. There is a remarkable and wholly unique reduction in the vestiture, the body, excepting the posterior extremity, being almost wholly nude, and the number of spines on the legs greatly reduced, there being but four pairs of spines on the pos- terior margin of the tibiw. One of the most important characters is found in the rounded emargination formed distally‘on the hind margin of fore and middle coxx at the juncture of the coxa and its epiphysis. In most fieas this is shallow or wanting, with the outer subtending 496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. limb obtuse. In this case it is very deep, deeper than broad, and the outer subtending limb is narrowly acute. On the fifth tarsal joints are combined the characters of two of the Wagnerian genera; on the fore and middle last tarsal joints the first pair of spines is dislocated toward the median line and directed straight distad. On the hind last tarsal joint there are but four spines on either side. While I am somewhat loath to separate any new genera at this time when the inflow of strange and aberrant forms has just begun, still, in this case there is hardly any other course open to me, for otherwise nudata might be placed with equal propriety in any one of two or three genera. ANOMIOPSYLLUS NUDATUS Baker. This species, the smallest known American flea, was originally described from two females collected at Tucson, Arizona, in a nest of Neotoma albigula by the late Mr. Hubbard, who was one of the most thorough collectors America has yet seen. In addition to the charac- terization originally given, the following additional details may be noted: The lower row of genal bristles is represented by one very weak and slender bristle on margin of antennal groove and a similar one on the lower margin of the head. There are no other bristles on the head excepting one or two at each lower angle of hind margin, and a very few short ones on second antennal joint. The thorax is without bristles excepting one on either side of pronotum at each lateral angle. The abdominal tergites each have a single row of about six very weak and slender bristles. One small and slender antepygidial bristle occurs on either side. The hairs on pygidium are very fine, but longer than usual. Style about three times longer than wide at base, and slightly nar- rowed to the tip, where there is a long bristle. The substylar flap is long and acute and has numerous bristles on the lower margin. Below the substylar flap a number of short, stout bristles occur near the margin. The first joint of the hind tarsi has four groups of spines on the anterior margin and two groups on the posterior margin. One of the spines on apex of second joint of hind tarsi posteriorly is very long and slender, extending nearly to the end of the last joint. Lengths of hind tarsal joints in the proportions 18—10-6-5-10. Length, 2mm. Color, pale brown. Genus CTENOPSYLLUS Kolenati. 1863. Ctenopsyllus KoLENATI, Horve Soc. Ent. Ross., I, p. 37. 1893. Ctenopsyllus WAGNER, Horee Soc. Ent. Ross., XX VII, p. 350. This is preeminently the genus of mouse and rat fleas. Elsewhere has been noted the extreme paucity of knowledge on the American wo. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 497 forms, and also the great probability of some of the European species having been introduced. If these are found anywhere it will be in or near our great ports, and from these localities we have no specimens collected on house mice or rats. SYNOPSIS OF AMERICAN SPECIES. Peaeadawithout: ctenidial spines... 2.2.22. 2.. 2222-52. s22..5 eck sce alpinus (. 427). aa. Head with ctenidia. b. Head ctenidia of two spines each....................-.--- hesperomys (). 428). Poereadcrenicia Of four spines each.-.-....-.---.-----..---,- mexicanus (p. 430). CTENOPSYLLUS ALPINUS Baker. This species is still known only from the types—a male and female collected by Professor Bruner at Georgetown, Colorado, on Veotoma. It is congeneric with muscul7, showing the same peculiar type of head, but it has no genal ctenidia. The following descriptive notes are added: Female: Head gently rounded or nearly flat above from occiput to frontal notch (which is very high on the front), thence sloping down- ward and backward to the mouth. The bristles on the head are developed into short, stout, dark-colored spines, all of which project downward and backward. The antennal groove extends to about two- thirds the depth of the head, and above is connected by a chitinous thickening and furrow across the top of the head with the antennal groove on opposite side. Near the margin of the front on either side, extending from mouth to antennal groove, is a row of ten short, stout spines. ‘There are only two spines in the normal lower row on gena. The upper row has six spines, but instead of stopping above at the antennal groove this row curves around cephalad nearly to the margin of the front. Disk of vertex on each side with three oblique rows of spines, an upper one of two spines, a middle of three, and a lower one of five spines. The antennal groove is somewhat contracted below, and is without minute hairs or bristles on the posterior margin. The labial palpi extend to one-third of the anterior femora. Pronotum with a row of about twelve stout bristles on the posterior third, and on the hind margin a ctenidium of about eighteen or twenty spines. The usual soft and minute articulatory hairs on anterior margin of mesonotum are here small teeth. Meso- and metanotum each with a transverse row of about eight bristles. Metathoracic epiphysis with about ten irregularly placed bristles. First abdominal tergite with three or four small teeth on either side of hind margin. The abdominal tergites each has a transverse row of about ten bristles. Antepygidial bristles three on each side, the middle one in each group slightly longer. Abdominal sternites each with a row of about ten rather strong and close-set bristles. The eighth segment, near the middle of hind margin on either side, with a 428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, XXVIL. group of several long, and several short, stout bristles. One stout bristle occurs beneath the pygidium on either side. The style is very long, about five times as long as broad at base, nearly cylindrical, except at the tip, where there is a weak bristle, back of which are about six bristles irregularly placed. Substylar flap with numerous short, stout bristles above and three very heavy ones on the lower margin. The hind coxal epiphysis slopes gradually into the coxa distally, thus not forming any emargination. The hind femur is without minute bristles on side. Hind margin of hind tibia with about six distant longer inner spines and about twelve shorter close-set inner ones. First joint of hind tarsi without paired spines on hind margin, but with a double row of numerous spines. Bristles on apex of second hind tarsal joint shorter than third joint. The first pair of spines on fifth tarsal joint is dislocated toward median line and directed straight caudad. Length, 2.5 mm. Male: Head nearly as in the female, but the antennal groove extends to its upper margin. The two outer in each group of antepygidial bristles somewhat reduced. The last five abdominal sternites only, have rows of six bristles each. The lateral portion of ninth tergite is without a lobe on the upper margin. The upper claspers are long, narrow, subrectangular, curved backward a little, and with two black teeth at the upper posterior angle. Lower claspers with a short, stout, black, recurved Spine on hind margin. Length, 1.5 mm. CTENOPSYLLUS HESPEROMYS, new species. There is in the collection a Ctenopsyllus taken at Franconia, New Hampshire, on Peromyscus, by Mrs. A. T. Slosson, which represents avery distinct species in that it possesses a ctenidium of two spines on either side of the head. The upper margin of the head is very gradually rounded from the occiput to the frontal notch, thence curved downward and backward to the mouth. The antennal groove is margined by chitinous thicken- ings above and is narrowed to the upper margin of the head, where it joins the groove of the other side. The marginal row of bristles usual to this genus occurs on either side of the head; from the frontal notch to the mouth these bristles are short and heavy and spine-like; from the frontal notch to the occiput they are much longer and bristle-like. The upper row of genal bristles is represented by two placed high up; below this is a row of three bristles, two of which are very strong— one oyer eye, the other considerably above lower margin of head. Beneath the eye on either side, standing in a vertical row, are two NO. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 429 short, heavy ctenidial spines dinectad Beene ard and backward. On either side of disk of vertex are three oblique rows of small bristles, the upper with five bristles, the middle of six, and the lower of three. The usual bristles occur on the hind margin of the head, the larger one at each lower angle being unusually short and stout. The few bristles on the second antennal joint are shorter than the third joint. There are six or eight minute bristles along the hind margin of the antennal groove. In the position of the eye occurs a dark thickening of the chitin. The mouth parts are unusually short, the labial palpi extending little more than one-half of anterior cox. The mavxillee are not more than twice as long as broad. The mesonotum is twice as long on the dorsal line as either prono- tum or metanotum. On the posterior third of the pronotum occurs a transverse row of about twelve bristles, and on the hind margin a ctenidium of about thirty slender spines, the row curving downward and backward laterally. Meso- and metanotum each with a larger row of about ten bristles and anterior to this about three rows of numerous very irregularly placed smaller bristles. |Metathoracic epiphysis with one bristle on hind border, and anterior to this two rows of five bristles each. Hind margins of dorsal segments with small teeth as follows: Six on metanotum, six on first abdominal tergite, six on second, two on third, two on fourth, and two on fifth. The abdominai tergites each have a row of about fourteen larger bristles and a second row of fewer smaller ones. Antepygidial bristles all unusually long and stout, the longest in each set of three nearly equaling the pygidium. The abdom- inal sternites each have one transverse row of six bristles. The extremity of abdomen is moderately bristled. One stout bristle occurs beneath the pygidium on either side. The style is short and stout, not twice as long as wide at the base, with one long bristle at the apex and several short ones proximad of it on lower margin. The substylar flap is obtusely but symmetrically pointed and clothed with eight or ten bristles of varying sizes about the apical margin. The eighth segment laterally near the lower por- tion of the hind margin bears a number of long and a number of shorter bristles. The hind cox are without bristles or teeth on the inside. Hind femur with but a single bristle on the side. Hind tibize with three long spines on hind margin and a close-set row of twelve shorter ones. The spines on apex of joint II of hind tarsi are shorter than joint III. First pair of spines on fifth tarsal joint dislocated toward median line and directed st aight caudad. Length of hind tarsal joints in the pro- portions 25-10.5-8.5-5-7. Length, 2.5 mm. Color, pale brown. Type.—Cat. No. 6924, U.S.N.M. 430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVil. CTENOPSYLLUS MEXICANUS Baker. It was expected that the flea found on Jus rattus at Guanajuato, Mexico, by Dr. Dugés, would turn out to be some European species. It proved, however, to differ materially from anything described. Later, Dr. Dugés sent further material from J/us norvegicus taken at the same place. The following notes may be added to the original description: Female: Dorsal segments with small teeth on hind margins as fol- lows: Six on metanotum, six on first abdominal tergite, four on second, four on third, and two on the fourth. Antepygidial bristles four in each set, the first inner one and third shortest, second longest and largest, fourth nearly as long as second. One stout bristle occurs on either side below pygidium. The style is rather long and narrow, the length twice the width at base, narrowing gradually to the apex, where there is a long bristle; another bristle nearly as large occurs on the lower margin. The sub- stylar flap has a number of bristles near the apex, mostly on lower margin. The hind margin of posterior tibee bears three long spines and a close- set straight row of about fifteen short spines. The apical spines on second joint of hind tarsi are shorter than the third joint. The first pair of spines on last joint of hind tarsi dislocated toward median line ~ and directed straight caudad. Length, 2.5 mm. Color, pale brown. Male: Antepygidial bristles, three on either side; the middle one of each group longest. The eighth segment on either side below bears but five bristles, The lateral portion of the ninth tergite is strongly constricted below the pygidium, then expanded into asymmetrically rounded limb which in outline is shaped like a pestle. There is but a single bristle over the insertion of the claspers. The upper claspers are small but stout, thumb-shaped, with the ball of the thumb turned caudad, not extending above the lateral portion of the ninth tergite, and with four or five bristles on the hind margin. Length, 2 mm. Genus STEPHANOCIRCUS Skuse. S ( 1890. Stephanocircus Skuse, Records of Austral. Mus., I, p. 77, pl. xv. 1895. Stephanocircus BAkER, Canad. Ent., X XVII, p. 63. 1896. Stephanocircus SkusE, Records of Austral. Mus., II, p. 7. The original description of this remarkable genus came to me just as the Preliminary Studies were being published. I copied the description and remarked that it presented such an anomalous struc- ture and such a remarkable case of sexual dimorphism that I would not attempt to place it in Taschenberg’s system, which I was then com- is NO. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 431 pelled to follow. The male and female, even though properly asso- ciated, would fall in different genera, perhaps, according to all that Taschenberg had given us in the characterization of genera. Mr. Skuse took deep umbrage at my wholly innocent remarks and the next year presented a ‘‘rejoinder,” in which he reasserts the specific identity of the male and female. Beyond this one statement, his paper was principally taken up with personal criticisms. There was not the faintest intention on my part to attempt passing Stephano- circus ‘under the heel” —the organism will still continue to exist in its original status, no matter what either of us may write about it. In copying the description at all there was no other motive than a desire for more knowledge concerning it. I was unfortunate in not having had access to the plates. The simple fact concerning Mr. Skuse’s description is that out of it all he presents in the generic characteriza- tion but a single diagnostic generic character—that of the pectinated ‘*cap-like patella” on the head—the other characters being common to other genera, either separately or in combination. I was not able at that time to interpret even this clearly from the description alone, as some species of Ctenopsyllus presented a similar general appear- ance. Indeed, the male of Stephanocircus is apparently a Ctenopsyllus, as that genus is commonly known. The matter of four-jointed anten- ne must certainly be reexamined. If such a character is presented, then this species must be made the type of a new family differing from all other known fleas. But in the description of the apparently con- generic Stephanocircus mars, Rothschild says nothing about four- jointed antenn, and his drawing does not show four joints. Some of the characters given by Mr. Skuse in the generic description are of specific value only, and the length of thorax given in the specific diag- nosis is a character usually of generic value. Other than this, his specific description is not at all diagnostic. Mr. Skuse, in this connection, criticises me also for not being able to place the flea Hehidnophaga ambulans. But I could not do anything with it until a fuller and more exact morphological study was made and a real generic diagnosis presented. The genus Stephanocircus now possesses far greater interest for American students on account of the recent publication of STEPHANOCIRCUS MARS Rothschild. This species was collected on a ‘‘ //esperomys” in Argentina by Dr. Berg, and is known from a single female in the Rothschild collection. It is greatly to be regretted that the male could not have also passed under Mr. Rothschild’s critical eye. The occurrence of this genus also in South America is a matter of great interest. It is of interest to note that a greater number of striking cases of sexual dimorphism occur in South American fleas than in those of any other country. 432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL. Genus’ MYST RICHO Ps MEA hasemnenberer 1880. Hystrichopsylla TASCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 83. 1895. Hystrichopsylla Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 186. Taschenberg based this genus on the remarkable flea originally named Puler talpe by Curtis, which is the obtusiceps of Ritsema (but not the talpe ot Bouché, which is bzsoctodentatus Kolenati). The species seems to have been unknown to Kolenati, or he would certainly have given it a separate generic designation. The genus remained monotypic until the description of HYSTRICHOPSYLLA AMERICANA Baker. This species is represented in the collection by a single female col- lected on an ELvotomys at Orono, Maine, by the late Prof. F. L. Harvey. Although evidently congeneric with the European species, it shows very wide specific differences. The head lacks the flattened, calloused front as illustrated by Taschenberg, and the pronotum is by far the longest thoracic segment. However, the specimen, figured in ‘* Die Fléhe,” isa male, while our unique ne isafemale. A eae study of both sexes of this species is much to be desired. Dr. Fletcher has sent to me from Nepigon, Canada, a dried and badly mutilated specimen of a large, totally new flea, apparently of this genus, which presents a still wider divergence. It was taken, I under- stand, on a sandy lake shore, near which its host probably lives. I hesitate to describe it from this material, and yet am loath to leave unrecorded such an interesting addition to our fauna. Gens GeRATO! Swe eiss Gurettse 1882. Ceratopsyllus Curtis, Brit. Entomolog., X. 833. Ceratopsyllus Westwoop (Ischnopsyllus) Ent. Mo. Mag, I, p. 359. 1863. Ceratopsyllus KoLenat!, Horze Soc. Ent. Ross., I, p. 39. 1893. Ceratopsyllus WAGNER, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., X XVII, p. 350. 1898. Ceratopsyllus WAGNER, Horve Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 580. 1898. Ceratopsyllus RoruscHitp, Novitates Zoologice, V, p. 542. The species of this genus—the most distinctly marked genus in the Pulicide—are contined to bats. Unquestionably, species belonging here will be found in North and South America. I regret not to be able to record a single one. No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 433 LIST OF SIPHONAPTERA OF THE WORLD, WITH BIBLIOGRAPHY, HOSTS,“ AND HABITATS. To January 1, 1903. Family SARCOPSYLLIDA® Taschenberg. Genus SARCOPSYLLA Westwood. SARCOPSYLLA PENETRANS (Linnaeus) Westwood. 1743. Caressry, Nat. Hist. of Carolina, Florida, and Bahama Islands, III, app., p. 10, fig. 3. (Pulex minimus cutem penetrans. ) 1743. Barrire, Nouv. Relation de la France equinoxiale, p. 63. (Pulex minutis- | simus nigricans. ) i 1756. Parrick Brown, Nat. Hist. of Jamaica, II, p. 418. (Acarus fuscus sub cutem nidulans proboscide acutiore. ) 1758. Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 614. ( Pulex penetrans. ) 1788. Swarrz, Kongl. vetensk. Acad. Nya. Handl., IX, p. 40. (Pulex penetrans. ) ee 1815. Oxen, Naturgesch. f. alle Stinde, I1I, p. 402. (Rhynchoprion penetrans. ) " 1821. Pont, Reisen in Brasilien, I, p. 106. (Pulex penetrans. ) A 1823. Dumerr, Considerations gener. sur la classe des Insectes, pl. Lrv, figs. 4-5. te (Pulex penetrans. ) 7 1826. Dume@ri, Diet. scienc. nat., X LIV, p. g2. Atlas, pl. nim, figs. 4-5. ( Pulex : penetrans. ) : 1829. Guerin, Iconograph. d. regne animal Insectes. Text. expl., p. 12, pl. m. (Dermatophilus penetrans. ) 1832. Pont and Kouuar, Brasiliens vorziiglich listige Insecten, p. 5. ( Pulex penetrans. ) 1836. SHuckarp, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 129, pl. vu. (Pulex penetrans. ) 1837-40. Wesrwoop, Trans. Ent. Soc., I, p. 199, pl. xx. (Sarcopsylla penetrans. ) 1844. Gervais, Hist. nat. d. Ins. Aptéres, III, p. 368, pl. XLrx, fig. 11. (Pulex penetrans. ) 1863. Kouenari, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., IT, p. 25. (Sareopsylla penetrans. ) 1864. Karsren, Beitr. z. Kennt. d. Rhynchoprion penetrans. 1867. Bonner, Mémoire sur la Puce penetrante au Chique. (Pulex penetrans. ) 1874. Rrrsema, Regensb. Corresp., XXVIII, p. 76. (Pulex penetrans. ) 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., p. 181. (Pulex penetrans. ) 1880. TascnenserG, Die Flohe, p. 44. (Sarcopsylla penetrans. ) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XXIII, p. 20. (Sarcopsylla penetrans. ) ; 1896. Osporn, Div. Ent. Dept. Agrel. Bull. No. 5 (n. s.), p- 142, fig. Uxit. “a (Sarcopsylla penetrans. ) s Hosts: Man and the domesticated animals and some others. Habitat: Tropical regions of both hemispheres. a1n the descriptive portion of the text the hosts are referred to under names used by Taschenberg, Wagner, Rothschild, and the various collectors who have sent in specimens. These names are necessarily in great confusion and represent many schools of nomenclature. In this list these same names are referred to again in the bibliography. Through the kindness of Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., of the U. 8. National Museum, the host names are also given according to the current nomen- clature, thus reducing all the names to one system and in such a manner as to make the references plain in every case. ze 434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Genus XESTOPSYLLA Baker. XESTOPSYLLA GALLINACEA (Westwood) Baker. 1874-75. Werstwoop, The Entom. Mo. Mag., XI, p. 246. (Sarcopsylla gallinacea. ) 1880. TAScCHENBERG, Die Fléhe, p. 55, pl. 1, fig. 5. (Sarcopsylla gallinacea.) 1890. Jounson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I, p. 203. (Pulex pullulorum. ) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 20. (Sarcopsylla gallinacea.) 1896. Osporn, Diy. Ent. Dept. Agrel., Bull. No. 5 (n. s.), p. 144, figs. 76-77. (Sarcopsylla gallinacea. ) Hosts: Domesticated animals, especially chickens. [labitat: Warmer portions of America and Africa. Family HECTOPSYLLID Baker. Genus HECTOPSYLLA Frauenfeld. HECTOPSYLLA PSITTACI Frauenfeld. 1860. FRAUENFELD, Sitzungsb. d. k. Acad. d. Wiss. Wien., XI, p. 462. (Hectop- sylla psittaci. ) 1880. Hauer, Archiv. f. Naturgesch., Jahr. 46, p. 72, pl. iv. (Rhynchopsylla pulex. ) 1880. TascHENBERG, Die Floéhe, p. 5. (Rhynchopsylla pulex.) Hosts, ‘‘Psittacus and Molossus.”’ 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 21. (Rhynchopsylla pulex. ) Flosts: Psittacus and Nyctinomus. Llabitat: Ceylon. Family VERMIPSYLLID Wagner. Genus VERMIPSYLLA Schimkewitseh. VERMIPYSLLA ALACURT Schimkewitsch. 1885. ScnimKeEwitscH, Zool. Anz., no. 187. 1889. Wager, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., X XIII, nos. 1-2, p. 205. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 22. flosts: The ungulates. flabitat: Western Asia. Family MEGAPSYLLID Baker. Genus MEGAPSYLLA Baker. MEGAPSYLLA GROSSIVENTRIS (Weyenbergh) Baker. 1879. WrYENBERGH, Bull. de la Acad. Nac. de Ciencias Repub. Argent., III, p. 188. (Pulex grossiventris. ) 1880. TascHenBERG, Die Fléhe, p. 101. (Pulex grossiventris. ) 1895. Baker, Can. Ent., XX VII, p. 3. (Sarcopsylla grossiventris.) 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 53. (Megapsylla grossiventris. ) Host: Zaédyus minutus. Habitat: Argentine Republic. —“s © _ No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. Family PULICID. Genus PULEX Linnaeus. PULEX ANOMALUS Baker. 1908. Baker, see p. 381. Tost: Citellus. Habitat: Southern Colorado. PULEX AFFINIS Baker. 1903. Baker, see p. 382. Host: Lepus. Habitat: Avizona. PULEX BOHLSII Wagner. 1900. WaaNrER, Hor Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XV, p. 5. Host: ———. Habitat: Paraguay. PULEX BRASILIENSIS Baker. 1908. Baker, see p. 379. Host, ‘“‘Mus rattus and Mus decumanus.’ Fost: Mus rattus and Mus norvegicus. Habitat: Sao Paulo, Brazil. PULEX CUSPIDATUS Kolenati. 1863. Kouenati, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., II, p. 33. 1893. WAGNER, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. X XVII, p. 9. Host: Erinaceus europeus. Habitat: Europe. PULEX DUGESII Baker. 1899. Baker, Ent. News, Feb., p. 37. (Pulex irritans var. dugesii.) “* Spermophilus macrourus.” Host: Citellus macrourus. Habitat: Mexico. -PULEX ECHIDNZ Denny. 1840. Werstwoop, Mod. Classif. Insects, II, p. 493. 1843. Denny, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XII, p. 315, pl. xxvu, fig. 6. ** Echidna hystrix.’ 1844. Gervais, Hist. nat. d. Ins. Aptéres, III, p. 374. 1874. Ritsema, Regensb. Correspondenzblatt, X XVII", p. 79. 1880. Rrrsema, Zeitsch. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 185. 1880. TascHENBERG, Die Fléhe, p. 98. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 130. Flost: Tachyglossus aculeatus. Habitat: Van Diemans Land. 435 Host, Host, 436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIT, PULEX GLACIALIS Taschenberg. 1880. TAscHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 76, pl. mt, fig. 17. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 111 (ex. Amer. spec. ). Host: Lepus ** glacialis.” Habitat: ‘‘ Nord Pole.” PULEX HYAN£Z Kolenati. 1846. KoLtenati, Meletemata Entomologica, Pt. 5, p. 26, pl. xrx, fig. 1. 1863. KoLenati, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., II, p. 30. ( Pulea: striatus.) 1874. Rirspema, Regensb. Correspondenzblatt, X XVIII, p. 77. 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 184. - 1880. TASCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 100. Tlost: Hywna striata. Habitat: Transcaucasia, Persia. PULEX IRRITANS Linneus. 1746. Linnazus, Fauna suecica, 2d ed., No. 1695. 1746. Linnxus, Fauna suecica, Ist ed., No. 1471. (Pulex ater.) 1762. Grorrroy, Hist. abrégée d. Ins., II, p. 614, pl, xx, fig. 4. 1778. Decrrer, Mem. p. seryir. a l’hist. d. Ins., VII, p. 1, pl. 1, figs. 1-4. (Pulex vulgaris. ) 1832. Duaks, Ann. d. science nat., XX VII, p. 147, pl. tv, fig. 1. 1832. Duaks, Ann. d. science nat., p. 163. (Pulex hominis.) — 1832. Boucus, Noy. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., X VII, p. 503. 1844. Gervais, Hist. nat. d. Ins. Apt., III, p. 365. 1855. KtcHENMEISTER, Parasiten, I, p. 452. 1856. Waker, Dipt. Brit., III, p. 2. 1858. Mairiuanp, Herklots Bouwstoff., p. 310. 1859. Konenari, Fauna d. Altvaters, p. 65. 1863. Korenati, Horee Soc. Ent. Ross., I, p. 31, fig. 2. 1873. Rirsema, Tijds. v. Entomol., 2d ser., VIII, p. lxxxiv. 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Corresp., X XVII, p. 76. 1880. Rrrsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., p. 181. 1880. TascHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 64. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 66. (Pulex irritans and P. simulans.) 1896. OsBorn, Div. Ent., Dept. Agr., Bull. No. 5 (n. s.), p. 147, fig. 80. (Pulex ~ irritans and P. simulans. ) Hosts: Homo, Vulpes, Didelphis, Canis, Felis; ete. Habitat: Temperate and tropical regions of the world. PULEX JACULANS Motschulsky. 1840. Morscnutsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. des Nat. de Moscou, p. 170. Host, “‘ Dipus — jaculus.”” 1880. 'TASCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 105. Host: Alactaga jaculus. Labitat: Siberia. NO, 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 437 PULEX KERGUELENSIS Taschenberg. 1880. TASCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 67, pl. u, fig. 12. 1895. Baxer, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 65. Host: °* Pelecanoides urinatrix,” tide Taschenberg. Habitat: Kerguelen Island. PULEX LAMELLIFER Wagner. "895. Waaner, Horze Soc. Ent. Ross., X XIX, p. 1, fig. 1. 1895. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 54. fost: Some rodent. Habitat: Transcaspia. PULEX LEMMUS Motschulsky. 1840. Motscnutsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. des Nat. de Moscou, p. 170. Host, ‘‘ Myodes lemmus.”’ 1880. TascHENBERG, Die Fléhe, p. 105. Tost: Lemmus sp. Habitat: ¢ Siberia. PULEX LONGISPINUS Wagner. 1893. WAGNER, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX VII, p. 9, pl. 1v, fig. 1. Host, ‘“* Erinaceus europeus.”’ 1895. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 54. Host: Erinaceus sp. Habitat: West Turkestan. PULEX LUTZII Baker. 1903. Baker, see p. 380. Host, ‘‘Galictis vittatus.”’ Host: Grison vittatus. Habitat: Sao Paulo, Brazil. PULEX LYNX Baker. 1903. Bakmr, see p. 383. ~ Host: Lynx canadensis. Habitat: Moscow, Idaho. PULEX MADAGASCARIENSIS Rothschild. 2 y. Oe 1900. Roruscurip, The Ent. Record and Journ. of Variation, XII, no. 2, fi Host, ‘‘Centetes ecaudatus.”’ J FTlost: Tenrec ecaudatus. Habitat: Madagascar. PULEX PALLIDUS Taschenberg. 1880. TascHENBERG, Die Fléhe, p. 65, pl. 1, fig. 9. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 66. Hosts: Herpestes ichneumon and Mus albipes. Habitat: Egypt and Island of Socotra. 1890. 1895. Tlost: Tlabiti 1840. 1874. 1880. 1880. 1895. Flosts: LTabite 1749. 1826. 1832. 1835. 1844. 1856. 1858. 1859. 1863. 1867. 1873. 1874. 1880. 1880. 1888. 1895. 1896, 1896. 1901. Tlosts: tica, ete. Habit PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. XXVII, ’ PULEX TUBERCULATICEPS Bezzi. Brzz1, Bull. della Soc. Entom. Ital., XXII. 3AKER, Canad. Ent., X XVII, p. 64. Ursus arctos. it: Kurope. PULEX VULPES Motschulsky. Morscuutsky, Bull. Soc. imp. de Moscou, p. 170. RrrsEMA, Regensb. Corresp., X XVIII, p. 79. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 183. TASCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 66, pl. u, figs. 10-11. (Pulex globiceps. ) Hosts, ‘‘Canis vulpes and Meles taxus.”’ Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 66. (Pulex globiceps. ) Vulpes vulpes and Meles meles. wt: HKurope. Genus CTENOCEPHALUS Kolenati. CTENOCEPHALUS CANIS (Curtis) Baker. Rorser, Insektenbelustigungen, II, Muscarum atque culicum, pls. 1—tv. (Der so bekannte als beschwerliche Floh.) Curtis, Brit. Entom., III, no. 111, fig. 8. (Pulex canis. ) Duaks, Ann. d.scienc. nat., X XVII, p. 154, pl. rv, figs. 2,5-9. (Pulea canis. ) Boucuh, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., XVII, Pt.1, p. 505. (Pulex felis. ) GERVAIS, Hist. nat. des Insectes, Apt., III, pp. 371-372, pl. xivin, fig. 8. (Pulex canis, P. felis, and P. serraticeps. ) Waker, Dipt. Brit., II, pp. 2-3. (Pulex canis and P. felis.) Marrianp, Herklots Bouwstoff., II, p. 310. * (Pulexr canis and P. felis.) Kovenati, Fauna d. Altvaters, p. 66. (Ctenocephalus novemdentatus and C. enneodus. ) Kotenati, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., II, p. 45, figs. 14-15. ( Ctenocephalus novemdentatus and C. enneodus. ) Lanpors, Noy. Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol., XX XIII, p. 19, pls. vu. (Pulea canis. ) Rrrsema, Tijdsch. v. Entomol., 2d ser., VIII, p. Ixxxy. (Ctenocephatus novemdentatus and C. enneodus.) Rirsema, Regensb. Corresp., XX VI, pp. 77-78. (Pulex canis and P. felis. ) Rrrsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, pp. 182-183. (Pulex canis and P. felis. ) TASCHENBERG, Die Fléhe, p. 77, pl. mt, fig. 16. (Pulex serraticeps. ) Smumons, Amer. Mo. Micr. Journ., Dec. (Pulex canis. ) Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 164. (Pulex serraticeps. ) Osporn, Diy. Ent., Dept. Agrel., Bull. No. 5 (n. s.), p. 150, fig. 88. (Pulex serraticeps. ) Howarp and Maruart, Div. Ent., Dept. Agrel., Bull. No. 4 (n. s.), p. 24, fig. 5. (Pulex serraticeps. ) Roruscuitp, The Ent. Record and Journ. of Variation, XIII, No. 4, p- 126, pl. m1. (Pulex canis and P. felis. ) Canis familiaris, Urocyon einereoargenteus, Kelis domes- it; Cosmopolitan. — +40.1861. = REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 439 a y S - = i . K ; - CTENOCEPHALUS ERINACEI (Leach) Baker. 1832. Leacu, in Curtis Brit. Ent., LX, no. 417. (Ceratophyllus erinacei. ) 1835. Bouca&, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol., XVII, Pt. 1, p. 507. (Pulex erinacei. ) 1844. Gervais, Hist. nat. d. Ins., Apt., III, p. 373. (Pulex erinacei. ) 1856. Waker, Insecta Brit., Diptera, III, p. 3. (Pulex erinacei.) 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Corresp., XX VIII, p. 78. (Pulex erinacei.) 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 183. ( Pulex erinacei.) 1880. TascHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 81. (Pulex erinacei. ) 1893. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., X XVII, p. 9. (Pulex erinacei. ) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 164. ( Pulex erinacei. ) Host: Erinaceus europeus. Habitat: Europe. CTENOCEPHALUS INAQUALIS Baker. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 164. ( Pulex inequalis.) 1896. Osporn, Div. Ent., Dept. Agrel., Bull. No.5 (n.s.), p. 153, fig. 84. (Pulex ineequalis. ) Tost: Lepus. Flabitat: Avizona. CTENOCEPHALUS LEPORIS (Leach) Baker. 1832. Leacu, it Curtis Brit. Ent., IX, no. 417. (Ceratophyllus leporis.) 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Corresp., XX VIII, p. 76. (Pulex leporis. ) 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LI, p. 182. (Pulex leporis.) 1880. TAscCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 82. (Pulex goniocephalus. ) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 165. (Pulex goniocephalus. ) 1896. OsBorn, Div. Ent., Dept. Agrcl., Bull. V, (n.s.), p. 153. ( Pulex gonioceph- alus. ) Host: Lepus spp. Habitat: Europe. CTENOCEPHALUS SIMPLEX Baker. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., X XVII, p. 164. (Pulex inxqualis var. simplex.) Host, ‘‘ Lepus sylvaticus.”’ 1896. OsBorn, Div. Ent., Dept. Agrcl., Bull. V, (n.s.), p. 153. (Pulex inxqualis var. simplex. ) Hlost: Lepus floridanus subsp. Habitat: Michigan and Iowa. Genus ECHIDNOPHAGA Oblliff. ECHIDNOPHAGA AMBULANS OIlliff. 1886. Oxurrr, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), I, p. 172. Host, ‘‘Echidna hys- trae Host: Tachyglossus aculeatus. Habitat: New South Wales. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03 29 440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXVII. ' ees Genus CERATOPHYLLUS Curtis. CERATOPHYLLUS ALASKENSIS Baker. 1903. Bakr, see p. 394. Host: Citdlus barrowensis. Habitat: Point Barrow, Alaska. CERATOPHYLLUS ARCTOMYS Baker. 1903. Baxmr, see p. 411. Tlost: Arctomys monaw. Habitat: Peterboro, New York. CERATOPHYLLUS ARIZONENSIS Baker. 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 55. (Pulex Arizonensis.) Host, “Silvery mouse.”’ Host: Neotoma albiqula. Tlabitat: Tueson, Arizona. CERATOPHYLLUS ARMATUS Wagner. 1900. WaaGner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XV, p.17. Host, “‘Pteromys volans.’’ Host: Sciuropterus PUSSTCUS. Hlabitat: Siberia. CERATOPHYLLUS ASIO Baker. 1903. BakER, see p. 406. Tlost: Megascops A810. Habitat: Wellesley, Massachusetts. CERATOPHYLLUS BRUNERI (Baker) Wagner. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., X X VII, p. 132. (Pulex bruneri.) Host, ‘‘Spermo- ? philus 13-lineatus.’ 1896. OsBorn, Div. Ent. Dept. Agrcl., Bull. V (n. s.),.p. 149, fig. 82. (Puler bruneri. ) 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 55. (Pulex bruneri.) Hosts: Citellus 13-lineatus, C. franklinii, and C. columbianus. Habitat: Nebraska and Idaho. CERATOPHYLLUS CALIFORNICUS Baker. 1903. Baxkrr, see p. 395. Flost: Microtus californicus. Habitat Mountain View, California. CERATOPHYLLUS CANADENSIS Baker. 1903. Baxksr, see p. 407. Host: (2) Habitat: Ottawa, Canada. . No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN STIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 44] CERATOPHYLLUS CHARLOTTENSIS Baker. 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 56. (Pulex charlottensis. ) Host; ** A mouse.” Tlabitat: Queen Charlotte Islands. CERATOPHYLLUS CILIATUS Baker, 1903. BAKER, see p. 397. Tlost: Hutamias. Habitat: Mountain View, California. CERATOPHYLLUS COLORADENSIS (Baker) Wagner. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., X XVII, p. 111. ( Pulex coloradensis. ) Host: Scuirus fremont. Habitat: Colorado. CERATOPHYLLUS COLUMB® (Walckener and Gervais) Rothschild. 1832. STEPHENS, in Curtis’ Brit. Ent., IX, no. 417. (Nomen nudum.) 1844. WaALCKENER and Gervais, Hist. Nat. Ins. Apteres., III, p. 375, pl. xivitt, fig. ie ( Pulea columbie. ) 1856. Waker, Diptera Brit., III, p. 5. (Pulex columbw. ) 1858. Marruanp, Herklots Bouwstoffen, p. 311. ( Pulex columbe. ) 1874. Rrrsema, Regens. Corresp., XXVIII, p. 79. (Pulex columbz. ) 1880. Rrrsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 183. (Pulex colhumbz. ) 1892. TuroBaLtp, An Account of British Flies, I, p. 540. (Pulex columbe. ) 1900. Rorascuitp, Novitates Zoologicee, VII, p. 542. Tlost: Columba livia. Habitat: Europe. CERATOPHYLLUS CONSIMILIS Wagner. 1898. WAGNER, Horz Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 562, pl. vim, fig. 11. Host, “Arvicola.”’ Fost: Microtus. Habitat: Gouy. Charkow, Russia. CERATOPHYLLUS DENTATUS Baker. 1903. Baker, see p. 390. Tost: Lynx canadensis. Habitat: Moscow, Idaho. CERATOPHYLLUS DIVISUS Baker. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 132. (Pulex longispinus. ) 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 54. (Pulex divisus.) Host: Scewirus fremonti. Habitat: Colorado, 449 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL CERATOPHYLLUS DRYAS (Wagner) Baker. 1898. Waaner, Horee Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 568, pl. vim, fig. 4. (Ceratophyl- lus sciurorum var. dryas.) Host, ‘‘Myoxus dryas.’’ Host: Glis nitedula. Habitat: Gouy. Waronesch, Russia. CERATOPHYLLUS EREMICUS Baker. 1903. Bakr, see p. 417. Host: Peromyscus eremicus. Habitat: Santa Rita Mts., Arizona. CERATOPHYLLUS FASCIATUS (Bosc.) Curtis. 1801. Bosc p’ Antic, Bull. Sci. Soc. Phil., ILI, p. 156, no. 44. (Pulex fasciatus. ) 1802. Bosc pb’ Antic, Wiedemann’s Archiy., p. 211. (Pulew fasciatus. ) 1805. Larrer.ie, Hist. Nat. d. Ins., XIV, p. 42. (Pulex fasciatus. ) 1844. Gervais, Hist. Nat. d. Ins. Apteres, ILI, p. 3738. (Pulea fasciatus. ) 1832. Curtis, Brit. Ent., IX, no. 417. (Ceratophyllus fasciatus. ) 1858. Marruanp, Herklots Bouwstoffen, p. 310. (Pulex fasciatus. ) 1863. KoLENATI, Horee Soc. Ent. Ross., II, p. 34, fig. 5. ( Ctenopsyllus fasciatus. ) 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Corresp., X XVIII, p. 76. (Pulex fasciatus.) 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LILI, p. 182. (Pulex fasciatus. ) 1880. TASCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 69. (Pulex fasciatus.) Hosts, ‘‘ Myoxus nitela, Talpa europea, Mus musculus and Mus decumanus.”’ 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 111. (Pulex fasciatus, as to European specimens only.) 1896. Osporn, Diy. Ent. Dept. Agre., Bull. V (n. s.), p. 148. (Pulex fasciatus. ) 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 560, pl. vit, fig. 10. Tlosts: Eliomys quercinus, Talpa europea, Mus musculus, and Mus NOLVEYICUS. Habitat: Europe. CERATOPHYLLUS FRINGILLZ (Walker) Baker. 1856. Waker, Dipt. Brit., III, p. 4. (Pulex fringille. ) 1863. KoLENatI, Horee Soc. Ent. Ross., I, p. 34. ( Trichopsylla fringille. ) 1875. Rirsema, Tijds. v. Entom., XVI, p. 84. ( Trichopsylla fringillz. ) 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Corresp., XX VIII, p. 79. (Pulex fringillz. ) 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LILI, p. 184. (Pulex fringille.) 1892. TireopaLtp, An Account of British Flies, [, p. 32. (Pulex fringillx. ) Tlosts: Passer domesticus and Chloris chloris. Habitat: Europe. CERATOPHYLLUS GALLINZ (Schrank) Wagner. 1804. Scurank, Fauna boica, III, p. 195. (Pulex gallinz. ) 1827. GRAvENHORST, Uebers. d. Arb. u. veriind. d. Schles. Gesellsch. f. vaterl. Kultur., p. 67. (Pulex rufus. ) 1835. Boucuk, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., XVII, Pt. 1, p. 504. (Pulez galline. ) 1844. Gervais, Hist. Nat. d. Ins. Aptéres, II, p. 375. (Pulea galline. ) 1856. Waker, Dipt. Brit., III, p. 2. (Pulex gallinz. ) No. 1361. 1858. 1863. 1875. 1874. 1880. 1880. 1892. 1895. 1896. 1900. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 443 Marrtanp, Herklots Bouwstoffen, p. 11. (Pulex gallinz. ) KoLeNATI, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. , elt p- 34. (Trichopsylla galline. ) Ritsema, Tijdschr. v. Entom., XVI, p. lxxxiv. (Trichopsylla gallinw. ) RitsEMA, Regensb. Corresp., XX VIII, p. 78. ( Pulea gallinx. ) Ritsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 182. (Pulea gallinw. ) TASCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 70. (Pulex avium.) Hosts, ‘Gallus domesticus, Turdus merula, Erithacus rubicula, Acredula rosea, Columba wnas, Mus sylvaticus, and Scotophilus noctula.”’ THEOBALD, An Account of British Flies, I, p. 31. (Pulex gallinz. ) Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 110. (Pulex avium.) Osporn, Div. Ent. Dept. Agrcl., Bull. (n. s.), p. 147. (Pulex avium.) RoruscuHiLp, Noyitates Zoologice, VII, p. 540. Hosts: Gallus domesticus, Merula merula, Evithacus rubecula, Avyith- alos rosea, Columba cenas, Mus sylvaticus, and Pterygistes noctula. Habitat: Europe. 1895. 1898. Flost: CERATOPHYLLUS HIRSUTUS (Baker) Wagner. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 182, (Pulex hirsutus.) Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 560. Cynomys ludovicianus. Habitat: Colorado. 1831. CERATOPHYLLUS HIRUNDINIS Curtis. K6uter, Uebers. d. Arb. u. Veriind. d. Schles. Gesellsch. f. vaterl. Kultur. p- 73. (Pulex hirundinis.) Host, ‘‘Chilidon urbica.”’ 1832. 1835. 1844. 1856. 1858. 1859. 1874. 1880. 1892. 1900. Flost: Curtis, Brit. Entom., IX, no. 417, fig. GUERIN and PercHERON, Genera des Ins., 5th livr. No. 7. GerRVAIS, Hist. nat. d. Ins. Aptéres, III, p. 374. (Pulex hirundinis. ) Watxer, Dipt. Brit., II], p. 5. (Pulex hirundinis.) Mairianp, Herklots Bouwstoffen, p. 311. (Pulex hirundinis. ) Bourtton, Ann. d. Soc. Ent. Belge. (Pulex hirundinis. ) Ritsema, Regensb. Corresp., XX VII, p. 78. Ritsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 187. THEOBALD, An Account of British Flies, I, p. 31. (Pulex hirundinis. ) Roruscuiup, Novitates Zoologice, VII, p. 542. ITipundo urbica. flabitat: Europe. 1903. Flost: CERATOPHYLLUS IDAHOENSIS Baker. BAKER, see p. 413. Citellus columbianus. fabitat: Moscow, Idaho. 1895. CERATOPHYLLUS IGNOTUS (Baker) Wagner. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, pp. llland 191. (Pulex ignotus and Typhlop- sylla americana.) 1896. Ossorn, Diy. Ent. Dept. Agrel., Bull. V (n.s.), p. 154, figs. 86, 87. (Typh- 1898. lopsylla americana. ) Waaner, Hor Soc. Ent. Ross., X X-XI, p. 560. Hosts: Geomys bursarius and Thomomys talpoides. Habitat: Iowa, Colorado, and Idaho. 444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVI. CERATOPHYLLUS KEENI Baker. 1896. Baker, Canad. Ent., p. 234. (Pulex keeni.) UWost, “Sitomys keent.”’ Tlost: Peromyscus keent. Habitat: Queen Charlotte Islands. CERATOPHYLLUS LABIATUS Baker. 1903. BAKER, see p. 402. Host: Lynx canadensis. Tlabitat: Moscow, Idaho. CERATOPHYLLUS LAGOMYS Wagner. 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 567, pl. vim, fig. 1. Host, “* Lagomys rutilus.”’ Tost: Ochotona rutilus. Habitat: Transcaspia. CERATOPHYLLUS LEUCOPUS Baker. 1903. Baksr, see p. 401. Fost: Peromyscus leucopus. Habitat: Peterboro, New York. CERATOPHYLLUS LUCIDUS Baker. 1903. Baker, see p. 410. Host: Seiurus fremonti. Flabitat: Southern Colorado. CERATOPHYLLUS MELIS Curtis. 1832. Curtis, Brit. Ent., 1X, no. 417. Host, ‘‘ Meles taxus.”’ 1844. Gervais, Hist. nat. d. Ins. Aptéres, II, p. 371. (Pulex melis. ) 1856. WALKER, Insecta Brit., Diptera, III, p. 5. (Pulex melis. ) 1857. Guru, Archiv. f. Naturgesch., X XIII, p. 280. (Pulex melis.) 1863. Kotenati, Horee Soe. Ent. Ross., I, p. 33. (Trichopsylla melis. ) 1874. Rrrsema, Regensb. Correspond., XXVIII, p. 79. (Pulex melis.) 1875. Rirsema, Tijdschr. yoor Entomol., XVI, p. lxxiv. ( Trichopsylla melis. ) 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LITI, p. 184. (Pulex melis. ) 1880. TAscHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 73, pl. um, fig. 15 and pl. m1, fig. 16. (Pulex melis. ) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 182. (Pulex melis.) Host: Meles meles. Habitat: Europe. CERATOPHYLLUS METALLESCENS (Kolenati) Baker. 1856. KoxLenati, Parasiten d. Chiropteren, p. 33. (Pulex metallescens.) Host, ““Pteropus xgyptiaca.”’ 1863. KoLenatt, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., II, p. 30, pl. 1, fig. 1. (Pulea metallescens.) is No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 445 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Corresp., XX VIII, p. 77. (Pulex metallescens. ) 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIT, p. 184. (Pulex metallescens.) 1880. TascHEenBerG, Die Fléhe, p. 101. ( Pulex metallescens. ) Host: Rousettus wegyptiacus. Habitat: Egypt. CERATOPHYLLUS MONTANUS (Baker) Wagner. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 132. ( Pulew montanus. ) 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., X XXI, p. 560. Fost: Scuirus aberti. Habitat: Colorado. CERATOPHYLLUS MULTISPINOSUS Baker. 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 54. (Pulex multispinosus.) Host, “* Lepus sylvaticus.” fost: Lepus flovidanus mallurus. fabitat: North Carolina. CERATOPHYLLUS MUSTELA Wagner. 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXI, p. 565, pl. vit, fig. 2. Host “* Putorius vulgaris.’ Flost: Putorius nivalis. Habitat: Gouy. Lublin, Russia. ? CERATOPHYLLUS OCULATUS Baker. 1903. Baker, see p. 396. Flost: Putorius vison. Habitat: Washington City. CERATOPHYLLUS PENCILLIGER (Grube) Wagner. 1852. Grusr, Middendorfs Sibirische Reise, II, Pt. 1, p. 500. ( Pulea pencilliger, as to male only.) 1863. KotEenati, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., II, p. 32, pl. 1, fig. 8. ( Drichopsylla pencil- liger. ) 1874. Rrrsema, Regensb. Corresp., XX VIII, p. 79. (Pulex pencilliger. ) 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIT, p. 183. (Pulex pencilliger. ) 1880. TascHENBERG, Die Fléhe, p. 99. (Pulex pencilliger. ) 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 15, pl. vu, fig. 6 (as to male only). flost: Putorius sibirica. Habitat: Siberia. CERATOPHYLLUS PERPINNATUS Baker. 1903. Baker, see p. 391. Host: (*) Habitat: Queen Charlotte Islands. 446 CERATOPHYLLUS PETIOLATUS Baker. 1903. Baker, see p. 415. Host: Lynx canadensis. Habitat: Moscow, Idaho. CERATOPHYLLUS PINNATUS Wagner. 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 573, pl. vii, fig. 5. Fost: Mus sp. Habitat: New Alexandria, Russia. CERATOPHYLLUS PROXIMUS Baker. 1903. BaKmrr, see p. 412. lost: Citellus sp. Habitat: Palm Springs, Arizona. CERATOPHYLLUS PSEUDARCTOMYS Baker. 1903. Baker, see p. 399. flost: Arctomys monax. Habitat: Newport, Herkimer County, New York. CERATOPHYLLUS SCIURORUM (Schrank) Curtis. 1804. Scorank, Fauna boica, III, p. 195. (Pulex sciwrorum.) 1832. Curtis, Brit. Ent., IX, no. 407. 1835. Bouck, Noy. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., XVII, p. 506. (Pulex sciwrorum.) 1844. Gervais, Hist. nat. d. Ins. Aptéres, III, p. 373. (Pulex sciurorum. ) 1856. Waker, Insect. Brit., III, p. 3. (Pulex sciurorum. ) 1858. Marrtanp, Herklots Bouwstoffen, p. 310. (Puleaw sciwrorum.) 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Corresp., XXVIII, p. 78. ( Pulex sciurorum. ) 1880. Ritsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LILI, p. 183. (Pulex sciurorum.) 1880. TASCHENBERG, Die Fléhe, p. 75. (Pulex sciurorum.) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 182. (Pulex sciurorum.) 1896. Osporn, Div. Ent. Dept. Agrel., Bull. V (n.s.), p. 48. (Pulex sciwrorum.) Flost: Sciuris vulgaris. Habitat: Europe. CERATOPHYLLUS SEXDENTATUS Baker. 1903. Bakegr, see p. 403. Host: Neotoma Sp. Hlabitet: Boulder Creek, California. CERATOPHYLELUS SILANTIEWII Wagner. 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX VII, p. 574, pl. vm, fig. 12. Host: Arctomys bobae. Habitat: Russia. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL. . = > No. 1361, REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 447 CERATOPHYLLUS STURNI (Gervais) Baker. 1844. Gervais, Hist. nat. des Ins. Aptéres, III, p. 375. (Pules sturni.) 1856. Waker, Dipt. Brit., III, p. 7. (Pulex sturni.) 1858. Marrytanp, Herklots Bouwstoffen, p. 311. ( Pulex sturni.) 1892. THEroBALp, An Account of British Flies, p. 32. (Pulex sturni. ) Host: Sturnus vulgaris. Habitat: Europe. CERATOPHYLLUS STYLOSUS Baker. 1903. BaxKer, see p. 418. Host, ‘‘Haplodon rufa.” Host: Aplodontia rufa. Habitat: Astoria, Oregon. CERATOPHYLLUS STYX Rothschild. 1832. Curtis, Brit. Entom., IX, No. 417. (Ceratophyllus bifasciatus. ) 1844. Gervais, Hist. nat. d. Ins. Aptéres., III, p.575. ( Ceratophyllus bifasciatus. ) 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Corresp., XX VIII, p. 76. (Ceratophyllus bifasciatus. ) 1880. Rrrsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Natyrwiss., LIT, p. 182. (Ceratophiyllus bifasciatus. ) 1900. Roruscurip, Novitates Zoologicee, VII, p. 543, pl.rx, figs. 5, 7,8, 16. ( Cera- tophyllus sty. ) Host: Riparia riparia. Habitat; Kurope. CERATOPHYLLUS SUBARMATUS Wagner. 1900. WaGner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XV, p. 18. Host, ‘‘Lagomys sp.”’ Host: Ochotona sp. Habitat: Alpine region of Altai Mountains, Russia. CERATOPHYLLUS TESQUORUM Wagner. 1898. Wagner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXI, p. 564, pl. vin, fig. 9. Hosts, ““Spermophilus musicus and S guttatus.”’ Flosts: Citellus musicus and C. guttatus. Habitat: Russia and Siberia. CERATOPHYLLUS TOLLII Wagner. 1900. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XV, p. 19, pl. 1, fig. 8. Host, ‘* Pter- omys volans.”’ Host: Sciuropterus russicus. Habitat: Siberia. CERATOPHYLLUS TUBERCULATUS Baker. 1903. Baker, see p. 393. ° Fost: Citellus columbianus. Habitat: Moscow, Idaho. 448 CERATOPHYLLUS URALENSIS Wagner. 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XJ, p. 571, pl. vin, fig. 3. Host: (%). Habitat: Ural Mountains, Russia. CERATOPHYLLUS VISON Baker. 1903. See p. 408. Host: Putorius vison. Habitat: Peterboro, New York. CERATOPHYLLUS WAGNERI Baker. 1903. See p. 405. Flost: Peromyscus sp. Habitat: Moscow, Idaho. CERATOPHYLLUS WICKHAMI (Baker) Wagner. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 111. (Pulex wickhami, Host, ‘‘Sciuropterus volans,”’ P. gillettei, Host, ‘Sciurus canadensis,’ and P. howardii, Hosts, “Red squirrel, Gray or Fox squirrel, and Field mouse.”’ ) 1896. Osporn, Diy. Ent. Dept. Agrel., Bull. V, p. 140, fig. 81. ( Pulex wickhami, P. gillettei, and P. howardii.) 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, 54. (Pulex gillettei and P. howardii.) 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 560. Hosts: Sciuropterus volans, Sciurus hudsonicus, Sciurus carolinensis, Arctomys monax, and field mouse. Habitat: New York, Michigan, Iowa, Nebraska, Georgia, Arizona. Genus CTENOPHTHALMUS Kolenati. CTENOPHTHALMUS AGYRTES (Heller) Baker. 1891. Saunpers, Ent. Mo. Mag., II (2), p. 170. (Typhlopsylla assimilis, not of Taschenberg. ) 1896. HELLER, Entom. Nachrichten, XXII, p. 97. ( Typhlopsylla agyrtes.) 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., X X XI, p. 35, pl. 1x, figs. 23-24. ( Typhlop- sylla agyrtes. ) 1898. Roruscuiip, Novitates Zoologicze, V, p. 533, pl. xv, figs. 1-2; pl. xvum, figs. 12, 14, and 17-25. (Typhlopsylla agyrtes.) Hosts, ‘‘Hypudeus glareolus, Mus sylvaticus, Arvicola amphibius, Sorex vulgaris, Crossopus ciliatus, T. alpa - europea.” flosts: Hvotomys hercynicus, Mus sylvaticus, Microtus amphibius, Sorex araneus, Neomys fodiens, and Talpa europea. fabitat: Europe. CTENOPHTHALMUS ALTAICA (Wagner) Baker. 1900. WaGner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XV, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 5. (Typhlopsylla altaica.) Host, ‘‘ Lagomys sp.”’ Host: Ochotona sp. Habitat: Altai Mountains. Le NO. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 449 CTENOPHTHALMUS ASSIMILIS (Taschenberg) Baker. 1880. TascHENBERG, Die Fléhe, p. 95, pl. tv, fig. 27. (Typhlopsylla assimilis. ) Hosts, Sorex vulgaris, Talpa europxa, Mus sylvaticus, and Arvicola arvalis. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 190. (Typhlopsylla assimilis, excluding American forms. ) 1896. Osporn, Div. Ent. Dept. Agrel., Bull. V (n.s.), p. 153. ( Typhlopsylla assimilis, as to “uropean forms. ) 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., X X XI, p. 34, pl. 1x, fig. 25. (Typhlopsylla assimilis. ) 1900. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXV, p.9. (Typhlopsylla assimilis. ) Hosts: Sorex araneus, Talpa europea, Mus sylvaticus, and Microtus > / Y : arvalis. Habitat: Europe. CTENOPHTHALMUS BIDENTATIFORMIS (Wagner) Baker. 1889. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., X XIII, p. 351, pl. vi, figs. 4,5. ( Typhlop- sylla bidentatiformis.) Host, ‘‘Mus decumanus.”” 1898. Baxer, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 55. (Typhlopsylla bidentatiformis. ) Fost: Mus norvegicus. Habitat: Siberia. CTENOPHTHALMUS BISOCTODENTATUS Kolenati. 1835. Boucurt, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., XVII, p. 507. Pulex talpx, not Curtis. ) 1857. Koienati, Paras. d. Chirop., p. 33. (Ctenophthalmus talpe. ) 1858. Marrianp, Herklots Bouwstoffen, II, p.310. (Pulex talpx, not Curtis. ) 1859. KoLenati, Fauna des Alivatery, p. 65. (Ctenophthalmus bisbidentatus, syn. fide Kolenati. ) 1863. Kotenatt, Horz Soc. Ent. Ross., I, p.35. (Ctenophthalmus bisoctodentatus. ) 1873. Rrrsema, Tijds. v. Entomol., 2d ser., p. Ixxxiv. (Cltenophthalmus bisocto- dentatus. ) 1874. Ritsema, Regensb. Correspondenzblatt, XX VIII, p. 77. ( Clenophthalmus bisoctodentatus. ) 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LILI, p.184. ( Ctenophthalmus bisocto- dentatus. ) 1900. Wagner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XV, p. 8, pl. 1, fi bisoctodentata. ) os. 2. ( Typhlopsylla fost: Talpa europea. Habitat: Europe. CTENOPHTHALMUS DASYCNEMUS (Rothschild) Baker. 1897. Roruscuitp, The Ent. Record and Journ. of Variation, IX, No. 7, pl. ( Tryphlopsylla dasyenemus.) Hosts, ‘Sorex vulgaris and Talpa europea.” 1898. Roruscuitp, Novitates Zool., V, p. 540, pl. xv, figs. 4,5. (Zyphlopsylla dasycnemus. ) Hosts: Sorex araneus and Talpa europea. Habitat: England. 450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, XXVII, CTENOPHTHALMUS FRATERNUS Baker. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 190. ( Typhlopsylla fraterna.) Host: (*) Habitat: South Dakota. CTENOPHTHALMUS GENALIS Baker. 1903. See p. 424. lost: Scalops sp. Habitat: Michigan. CTENOPHTHALMUS GIGAS (Kirby) Baker. 1837. Krepy, in Richardson’s Fauna Boreali-Amer., IV, p. 318, pl. v1, fig. 9. (Pulex gigas. ) 1840. Westrwoon, Introd. to Mod. Classif. of Ins., II, p. 493. (Pulex gigas.) 1843. Denny, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XII, p. 316. (Pulex gigas.) 1844. Gervais, Hist. Nat. d’Ins. Aptéres., III, p. 374. (Pulex gigas.) 1874. Rrrsema, Regensb. Correspondenzblatt, XXVIII, p. 78. (Pulex gigas.) 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 180. (Pulex gigas. ) 1880. TASCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 98. (Pulex gigas. ) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 164. (Pulex gigas.) Host, ‘‘ Lepus sylwaticus.”’ 1896. Ossporn, Div. Ent. Dept. Agricl., Bull. V (n. s.), p. 152. (Pulex gigas.) Host: Lepus floridanus subsp. fabital: Canada and Michigan. CTENOPHTHALMUS INGENS (Rothschild) Baker. 1900. Roruscuitp, The Entom. Record. and Journ. of Variation, XII, No. 2. ( Typhlopsylla ingens. ) Host: Bathyerqus maritimus. [abitat: Cape Colony. CTENOPHTHALMUS INTERMEDIUS (Wagner) Baker. 1900. WaaGner, Hor Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XV, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 9. (Typhlopsylla intermedia. ) flost: Metachirus opossum. Habitat: Paraguay and Ecuador. CTENOPHTHALMUS ORIENTALIS (Wagner) Baker. 1898. WaGNeER, Horve Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 37, pl. x, fig, 30. (Typhlopsylla orientalis.) Host, ‘‘Spermophilus sp.’’ Hlost; Citellus sp. ‘ Habitat: Gouy. Charkow, Russia. CTENOPHTHALMUS PENTACANTHUS (Rothschild) Baker. 1897. Roruscuiip, The Ent. Record and Journ. of Variation, IX, No. 3. ( Typhlo- psylla pentacanthus. j iH / No. 1361. = REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPIONAPTERA—BAKER. 45] 1898. RoruscuiLp, Novitates Zoologice, V, p. 541, pl. xv, fig. 3. (Zyphlopsylla pentacanthus. ) Host: Mus sylvaticus, Talpa europwa. Habitat: England. CTENOPHTHALMUS PSEUDAGYRTES Baker. 1895. Baxer, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 190 ( Typhlopsylla assimilis)—not of Tasech- berg. Host, Scalops ‘‘argentatus.”’ 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., (Lyphlopsylia assimilis var.?) 1903. Baker, see p. 421. : Hosts: Scalops argentatus. Habitat: lowa and Michigan. CTENOPHTHALMUS SETOSA (Wagner) Baker. 1898. Waaner, Horie Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 37, pl. x, fig. 78. ( Typhlopsylla setosa.) Host, ‘‘ Spermophilus sp.”’ Host: Citellus sp. Habitat: Southeastern Russia. CTENOPHTHALMUS SIBIRICA (Wagner) Baker. 1909. WaGner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XV, p. 10. (TLyphlopsylla sibirica. ) Host: Spalax sp. ¢ Habitat: Transbaikalia. CTENOPHTHALMUS TRISTIS (Rothschild) Baker. 1900. Roruscnitp, The Entom. Record and Journ. of Variation, XII, no. 2, fig. 1. ( Lyphlopsylla tristis. ) FHlost: Petaurus australis. Habitat: Victoria, Australia. CTENOPHTHALMUS TYPHLUS (Motschulsky) Baker. 1840. Mortscnutsky, Bull. Soc. imp. Moscow, p. 169, fig. (Pulex typhlus. ) 1874. Ritsema, Regensb. Corresp., X XVIII, p. 79. (Pulex typhlus. ) 1880. Rrrsema, Zeitschr. f. ges Naturwiss., LIII, p. 188. (Pulex typhlus. ) 1880. TAscHENBERG, Die Fléhe, p. 94. (Typhlopsylla caucasica. ) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 190. ( Typhlopsylla caucasica. ) 1898. Waaner, Horee Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXI, p. 35. ( Zyphlopsylla caucasica. ) fost: Spalax sp. Habitat: Caucasian steppes. CTENOPHTHALMUS UNCINATA (Wagner) Baker. 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., X X XI, p. 590, pl. x, fig. 29. ( Typhlopsylla uncinata.) Host, ‘‘ Putorius vulgaris.”” Host: Putorius nivalis. Habitat: Gouv. Lublin, Russia. 452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIT. Genus ANOMIOPSYLLUS Baker. ANOMIOPSYLLUS NUDATUS Baker. oY 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 56. (Typhlopsylla nudata. ) Lost: Neotoma albigula. FHlabitat: Arizona. Genus CTENOPSYLLUS Kolenati. CTENOPSYLLUS ALPINUS (Baker) Wagner. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 100. ( Typhlopsylla alpina.) 1898. Wagner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 577. Host: Neotoma sp. Habitat: Colorado. CTENOPSYLLUS BIDENTATUS (Kolenati) Wagner. 1860. KoLenati, Monog. der Europ. Chirop., p. 147. ( Ctenophthalmus bidentatus. ) 1863. Kouenati1, Horze Soc. Ent. Ross., I, p. 38. 1893. WaGner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX VI, p. 351. Flost: (2) Habitat: “urope. 1880. 1895. CTENOPSYLLUS GRACILIS (Taschenberg) Baker. TASCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 96. ( Typhlopsylla gracilis, exe. syn.) Hosts, “Talpa europea and Sorex vulgaris.” Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 190. ( Typhlopsylla gracilis.) Hosts: Talpa europea and Sorex araneus. Habitat: Europe. 1903. Flost: CTENOPSYLLUS HESPEROMYS Baker. Baker. See p. 428. Peromyscus sp. Habitat: Franconia, New Hampshire. 1896. Tlost: CTENOPSYLLUS MEXICANUS Baker. Baker, Canad. Ent., XXVIII, p. 85. (Typhlopsiylla mexicana. ) Mus rattus. Habitat: Mexico. 1832. 1835. 1844. 1856. 1856. 1859. 1863. CTENOPSYLLUS MUSCULI (Duges) Wagner. Duaces, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., XXVIII, p. 163. (Pulex musculi. ) Boucnk, Noy. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., XVII, p. 208. (Pulex musculi.) Gervais, Hist. Nat. d. Ins. Aptéres, IIT, p. 374. (Pulex musculi.) WALKER, Insect. Brit., Diptera, III, p. 4. (Lulex musculi.) KoLenati, Parasiten d. Chirop., p. 33. ( Ctenophthalmus musculi. ) : KoLenati, Fauna d. Alvaters, p. 65. (Ctenophthalmus quadridentatus. ) Kotenati, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., II, p. 37. (Ctenopsyllus quadridentatus. ) if é No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 453 1873. Kouenati, Tijds. v. Entomol., LXXXV. (Ctenopsyllus quadridentatus. ) 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Corresp., XXVIII, p. 78. (Pulex musculi. ) 1880. Rrrsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIT, p. 182. (Pulex musculi. ) 1880. TascHENBERG, Die Floéhe, p. 92, pl. rv, fig. 25. (Typhlopsylla musculi.) Hosts, ‘‘ Mus musculus, M. agrarius, M. decumanus, and M. rattus.”’ 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 190. (Typhlopsylla musculi. ) 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 577. Host: Mus musculus, M. agrarius, M. norvegicus, and M. rattus. Habitat: Europe. CTENOPSYLLUS PECTINICEPS Wagner. 1893. Waaner, Horze Soc. Ent. Ross., X X VII, p. 347, pl. v1, figs. 2-3. (Typhlop- sylla pectiniceps). Host, ‘ Arvicola ceconomus.”’ 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 55. ( Typhlopsylla pectiniceps. ) Host: Microtus wconomaus. Habitat: Transbaikalia. CTENOPSYLLUS SIBIRICUS Wagner. 1852. Grusr, Middendorf’s Sibirische Reise, H, Pt. 1, p. 500. (Pulea pencilli- ger as to female only.) 1898. Wagner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross, XX XI, p. 24, pl. vin, figs. 13-14. Hosts, ** Putorius sibiricus and P. vulgaris.”’ Hosts: Putorius sibiricus and P. nivalis. CTENOPSYLLUS SILVATICUS (Meinert) Baker. 1896. Mernerr, Entom. Meddels. 5 Bd. (Typhlopsylla silvatica. ) Host: (4) Habitat: Europe. CTENOPSYLLUS SPECTABILIS (Rothschild) Baker. 1898. Roruscurip, The Entom. Record and Journ. of Variation, X, no. 10, fig. ( Typhlopsylla spectabilis.) Host, ‘‘ Hypudeus glareolus.”’ FHlost: Evotomys hercynicus brittanicus. Habitat: England. CTENOPSYLLUS TASCHENBERGI Wagner. 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., X XXI, p. 577. Flost: Mus musculus. Habitat: Russia. Genus STEPHANOCIRCUS Skuse. STEPHANOCIRCUS DASYURI Skuse. 1890. Skuse, Records of Australian Museum, II, p. 77, Sydney, Sept. 1895. Baxrr, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 63. Host: Dasyurus maculatus. Habitat: New South Wales. 454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XVII, STEPHANOCIRCUS MARS Rothschild. 1898. Roruscuitp, Novitates Zoologicee, V, p. 544, pl. xvi, fig. 11. Tost: ** Hesperomys” sp. Habitat: Argentina. Genus HYSTRICHOPSYLLA Taschenberg. HYSTRICHOPSYLLA AMERICANA Baker. 1899. Baker, Ent. News, Feb., p. 37. - Host, ‘‘ Evotomys sp.’’ Fost: Ewotonuys gappert. LTabitat: Maine. HYSTRICHOPSYLLA TALPZ: (Curtis) Rothschild. 1826. Curtis, Brit. Ent., IIL, no. 114, fig. (Pulea talpex.) 1844. Gervais, Hist. Nat. d. Ins. Aptéres, ITI, p. 3738. (Pulex talpex.) 1856. Waker, Ins. Brit., Diptera, III, p. 4. (Pulex talpex.) 1858. Bourtton, Ann. d. la Soc. Ent. Belge., LI, p. 187. (Pulex talpe. ) 1868. Rirsema, Tijdschrift voor Entomol., 2 ser., III, p. 173. ( Pulex talpex.) 1875. Rirsema, Tijds. voor Entomol., p. uxxxry. (Pulex talpex. ) 1874. Rrrsema, Regenst. Corresp., XX VII, p. 76. (Pulex talpex.) - 1878. Rirsema, Tijds. yoor Entomol., XVII, p. uxxur. (Pulex talpx.) 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges Naturwiss., LIII, p. 182. (Pulex talpe. ) 1880. TAscCHENBERG, Die FlOhe, p. 85, pl. ru, fig. 21. ( Hystrichopsylla obtusiceps. ) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 186. ( Hystrichopsylla obtusiceps. ) 1900. Rorascuiup, The Entom. Record and Journ. of Variation, XII, no. 11, p- 257, pl. x. Hosts, ‘* Tulpa europea, Sorex vulgaris, Crossopus ciliatus, Mus sylvaticus, Hypudeus glareolus, Mustela vulgaris, Mustela erminea.’’ flosts: Talpa europea, Sorex araneus, Neomys fodiens, Mus sylwat- cus, Hvotomys hercynicus, Putorius nivalis, and Putorius erminea. Habitat: Europe. Genus CERATOPSYLLUS Kolenati. CERATOPSYLLUS DICTENUS Kolenati. 1856. Ko.enati, Paras. d. Chiropt., p. 32. 1857. Koxienatt, Wiener Ent. Monats., p. 66. 1860. KoLenatr, Monogr. d. europ. Chiropt., p. 58. 1863. Kotenati, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., II, p. 48, fig. 18. Host, ‘‘ Vesperugo discolor.”’ 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Corresp., X X VIII, p. 79. 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 184. 1880. TAscHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 91. (Typhlopsylla dictenus. ) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 190. (Typhlopsylla dictenus. ) Host: Vespertilio murinus. Flabitat: Russia. CERATOPSYLLUS ELONGATUS (Curtis: ) Rothschild. 1829. Curtis, Guide Gen., p. 36. (Ceratophyllus elongatus.) Host, ‘‘ Vesperugo noctula.”? 1844. Grrvats, Hist. Nat. d. Ins. Aptéres., III, p. 372. (Pulex elongatus. ) 1832. Curtis, Brit. Entom., IX, No. 417, fig. (Ceratophyllus elongatus. ) No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 455 1874. RitseMaA, Regensb. Corresp., XXVIII, p. 78. ( Ceratophyllus elongatus. ) 1880. Ritsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 182. (Ceratophyllus elon- gatus. ) 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 32, pl. rx, fig. 5. (Ceratop- sylla subobscura. ) 1898. RoruscHiLp, Novitates Zool., V, p. 542, pl. xvi, figs. 6, 8, 10. Host: Pterygistes noctula. Habitat: Europe. CERATOPSYLLUS HEXACTENUS Kolenati. 1856. Koienatt, Paras. d. Chiropt., p. 51. 1857. Konenatr, Wiener Ent. Monats., I, p. 66. 1860. Kotenatt, Monog. d. europ. Chiropt., pp. 122, 181, 138, and 142. 1863. KoLenati, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., I, p. 41, fig. 11. Hosts, ‘‘ Plecotus auritus, Vesperugo discolor, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Synotus barbastellus, Vesper- tilio murinus, Vespertilio capacinii.”’ 1873. Ritrsema, Tijds. v. Entomol., p. Ixxxv. 1874. Rrrsema, Regensb. Corresp., X X VIII, p. 79. 1880. Rrrsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 184. 1880. TASCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 89. ( Typhlopsylla hexactena. ) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 189. ( Typhlopsylla hexactenus. ) 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 31, pl. rx, fig. 19. Flosts: Plecotus auritus, Vespertilio murinus, Rhinolophus hipposide- ros, Barbastella barbastellus, Myotis myotis, and Myotis capacinii. Habitat: Europe. CERATOPSYLLUS INCERTUS Rothschild. 1900. Roruscuiip, The Entom. Record and Journ. of Variation, XII. No. 2. Flosts: Nyctinomus jugularis and NV. brachypterus. Habitat: Madagascar and Sierra Leone. CERATOPSYLLUS INTERMEDIUS Rothschild. 1898. RornscuiLp, Novitates Zoologice, V, p. 543, pl. xvu, fig. 15. Host, *‘ Ves- perugo serotinus.”’ flost: Vespertilio serotinus. Habitat: England. CERATOPSYLLUS JUBATUS Wagner. 1898. WaaGner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXI, p. 30, pl. 1x, figs. 20 and 22. Host, ‘‘ Vesperugo pipistrellus.”’ 1898. RoruscuiLp, Noyitates Zoologicee, V, p. 544. Host: Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Habitat; Europe. CERATOPSYLLUS OBSCURUS Wagner. 1898. Waaner, Hore Soe. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 30. Host, ‘‘ Vesperugo discolor.’’ Host: Vespertilio murinus. Habitat: Russia. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii 03-——30 456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIII. CERATOPSYLLUS OCTACTENUS Kolenati. 1856. Korenati, Paras. d. Chiropt., p. 31, pl. m1, fig. 31. 1857. Kortenati, Wiener Ent. Monats., I, p. 66. 1858. Konenati, Fauna d. Altvaters, p. 65. 1860. KoLenatiI, Monogr. d. europ. Chiropt., pp. 51, 55, 58, 66, 7, 86, 91, 95, 115, 122, 131, and 148. 1863. Konmnati, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., II, p. 42, fig. 12. Hosts, ere bar- bastellus, Plecotus auritus, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Amblyotus atratus, Vesperugo pipistrellus, Vesperugo serotinus, Vesperugo noctula, Vesperugo discolor, Vesperugo nilssonii, Vespertilio nattereri, Vespertilio murinus, Ves- pertilio ciliatus, and Vespertilio mystacinus.”’ 1873. Rirsema, Tijds. v. Entomol., p. Ixxxv. 1874. Rits—MA, Regensb. Corresp., XX VIII, p. 79. 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 184. 1880. TAscHENBERG, Die Fléhe, p. 87, pl. tv, fig. 22. (Typhlopsylla octactenus. ) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 189. (Tuphlopsylla octactenus. ) 1898. WaGNer, Hore Soe! Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 26, pl. 1x, fig. 16. 1898. RotruscHiLp, Novitates Zoologicee, V, p. 543, pl. xvi, figs. 7 and 9. Flosts: Barbastella barbastellus, Plecotus auritus, Rhinolophus hip- posideros, Amblyotus atratus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Vespertilio sero- tinus, Pterygistes noctula, Vespertilio murinus, Vespertilio nilssonii, Myotis nattereri, Myotis myotis, Myotis ciliatus, and Myotis mystacinus. Habitat: Europe. CERATOPSYLLUS PENTACTENUS Kolenati. 1856. Kouenati, Paras. d. Chiropt., p. 32. (Ceratopsyllus pentactenus and C. tetractenus. ) 1857. Kotenati, Wiener Ent. Monats., I, p. 66. (Ceratopsyllus tetractenus. ) 1860. Kotenati, Monogr. d. europ. Chiropt., pp. 58, 86, 122, 131, and 138. ( Ceratopsyllus tetractenus. ) 1863. Kotenati, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., Il, p. 39. (Ceratopsyllus tetractenus. ) Hosts, Plecotus auwritus, Synotus barbastellus, Vesperugo pipistrellus, Vespe- rugo noctula, Vesperugo discolor, and Vespertilio murinus. 1873. Rrrsema, Tijds. v. Entom., p. Ixxxy. (Ceratopsyllus tetractenus. ) 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Corresp., p. 80. ( Ceratopsyllus tetractenus.) 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LITT, p. 185. ( Coratopeylits eho tere ) 880. TascHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 90, pl. 1v, fig. 24. ( Typhlopsylla pentactenus.) 92. SAUNDERS, Ent. Mo. Mag., (2), III, p. 66. 895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 189. (Typhlopsylla pentactenus. ) 895. RornuscHiLp, Novitates Zool., I], p. 66. fosts: Plecotus auritus, Barbastella barbastellus, Pipistrellus pipis- trellus, Pterygistes noctula, Vespertilio murinus, and Myotis myotis. Habitat: Europe. CERATOPSYLLUS PETROPOLITANUS (Wagner) Baker. 1898. WaGner, Horae Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, pl. rx, fig. 18. ( Ceratopsylla hex- aclena var. petropolitana. ) Flost: A bat. Habitat; Russia, >. “J No. 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 45 CERATOPSYLLUS UNIPECTINATUS ( Taschenberg) Wagner. 1880. TAascHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 91. ( Typhlopsylla unipectinata. ) 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 189. ( Typhlopsylla unipectinata. ) 1898. Waaner, Horv Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 580. Host: Rhinolophus hipposideros. Habitat: Europe. CERATOPSYLLUS VARIABILIS Wagner. 1898. WaGner, Hor Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI,.p. 28, pl. rx, fig. 16. Host, ‘‘ Ves- perugo nathusii.’? lost: Pipistrellus abranius. Habitat: Russia. HOST INDEX- Class AVES. Aegithalos roseus .-._.------ Ceratophyllus galline (Schrank) Wagner. Gmlorisechloris .- <5... - =- Ceratophyllus fringille (Walker) Baker. Columba livia=..---..----:. Ceratophyllus columbe (Walckener and Gervais) Roths- child. Columba oenas..--.....---- Ceratophyllus galline (Schrank) Wagner. Erithacus rubecula_.......- Ceratophyllus galline (Schrank) Wagner. Gallus domesticus -_--..-.-. Ceratophyllus galline (Schrank) Wagner. NXestopsylla gallinacea (Westwood) Baker. arandoourbica; ==... -+.--.< Ceratophyllus hirundinis Curtis. Megascops asio -...-------- Ceratophyllus asio Baker. Meleagris gallipavo -._.---- Ceratophyllus galline (Schrank) Wagner. Xestopsylla gallinacea (Westwood) Baker. Merula merula -...---..--- Ceratophyllus galline (Schrank) Wagner. Passer domesticus_...-...-- Ceratophyllus fringille (Walker) Baker. Pelecanoides urinatrix.-_---- Pulex kergquelensis Taschenberg. IEBlUtACUSESp) = /=- 5-22 5/0-. 5-2 FHectopsylla psittaci Frauentfeld. Rinarianriparia .222-.-5---: Ceratophyllus styx Rothschild. Sturnus vulgaris____..___.- Ceratophyllus sturni (Gervais) Baker, Class MAMMALIA. Order MONOTREMATA. Tachyglossus aculeatus -...- Hchidnophaga ambulans Olliff. Pulex echidne Denny. Order MARSUPALIA. Dasyurus maculatus -______. Stephanocircus dasyuri Skuse. Didelphis virginiana _.____. Pulex irritans Linnzeus, var. simulans Baker. Metachirus opossum-._____-_- Clenophthalmus intermedius (Wagner) Baker. Petaurus australis......__-- Ctenophthalmus tristis (Rothschild) Baker. Order EDENTATA. Zaédyus minutus .........../ Megapsylla grossiventris (Weyenberg) Baker, 458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. @rder GLEIRES: Family LEPORID. Lepus cuniculus-----s----- Pulex leporis (Leach) Baker. Lepus floridanus sub sp..--- Ceratophyllus multispinosus Baker. Pulex inaequalis Baker. Pulex simplex Baker. Lepus ‘“glacialis?? — ss esc5 Pulex glacialis Taschenberg. Hepus timidus == seca sees Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Pulex leporis (Leach) Baker. Hepus, Apis sc sass eee Pulex affinis Baker. Family OCHOTONID4 (Lagomyide). Ochotonayrutilns===—=eseeeee Ceratophyllus lagomys Wagner. Ochotonaispaiee-aee eee Ceratophyllus subarmatus Wagner. Ctenophthalmus altaica (Wagner) Baker. Family DIPODID i. Alactagapaculusiass=- seers Pulex jaculans Motschulsky. Family GEOMYID. Geomys bursarius -..-.---.-- Ceratophyllus ignotus (Baker) Wagner. Thomomys talpoides -._._.-- Ceratophyllus ignotus (Baker) Wagner. Family SPALACID. Bathyergus maritimus --_-_-_-- Ctenophthalmus ingens (Rothschild) Baker. Spalax sper so -ssee sees Ctenophthalmus sibirica (Wagner) Baker. Spalaxispits ease eee Ctenophthalmus typhlus (Motschulsky ) Baker. Family MURIDZ. Cricetusicricetusias- ee sees eratophyllus fasciatus (Bose) Curtis. Evotomys gapperi---.-.-.-- Hystrichopsylla americana Baker. Evotomys hercynicus __-__-. Ctenophthalmus agyrtes (Heller) Baker. Ctenopsyllus spectabilis (Rothschild) Baker. Hystrichopsylla talpe (Curtis) Rothschild. ‘““Hosperomys)’ Spas-cueene. Stephanocircus mars Rothschild. Lemmusispes=eseeeeeeeee ee Pulex lemmus Motschulsky. 4 Microtus amphibius -__.._-- Ctenophthalmus agyrtes (Heller) Baker. Microtusjarvalis\}-9>s---22- Ctenophthalmus assimilis (Taschenberg) Baker. Hystrichopsylla talpe (Curtis) Rothschild. Microtus californicus-.----- Ceratophyllus californicus Baker. Microtus oeconomus -__.---- Ctenopsyllus pectiniceps Wagner. Microtusisp == sae eeee eee Ceratophyllus consimilis Wagner. Mus agrarius. 2. 2-5-2oe2-- Ctenopsyllus musculi (Duges) Wagner. Musial bipes! = -s- ese eee Pulex pallidus Taschenberg. Musimusculus seas Ceratophyllus fasciatus (Bose) Curtis. Ctenopsyllus musculi (Duges) Wagner. Ctenopsyllus taschenbergi Wagner. Musimorvepicussssss 2s ee Ceratophyllus fasciatus (Bosc) Curtis. Ctenophthalmus bidentatiformis (Wagner) Baker. Ctenopsyllus musculi (Duges) Wagner. Pulex brasiliensis Baker. : - No, 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 459 CATES) TS a Ctenopsyllus mexicanus Baker. Mus sylvaticus Piesseks Neotoma albigula . _-_-- Neotoma spp --------- Peromyscus eremicus - - Peromyscus leucopus Peromyscus keeni ----- Peromyscus sp-------- Peromyscus sp..------ Eliomys quercinus --_--. Gls mnitedula ......--- Aplodontia rufa ---.--- Arctomys bobac .-...--- Arctomys monax .--.--- Citellus columbianus ~~. Citellus empetra..---..- Citellus franklinii ___-_- Citellus guttatus _____- Citellus macrourus..--. Citellus musicus _____.- Citellus 13-lineatus ___- Citellus spp ...--..--.. Cynomys ludovicianus Eutamias sp Sciuropterus russicus Sciuropterus volans -_-_. Sciurus aberti Ctenopsyllus musculi (Duges) Wagner. Pulex brasiliensis Baker. eee Ceratophyllus galline (Schrank) Wagner. Ctenophthalmus agyrtes (Heller) Baker. Ctenophthalmus assimilis (Taschenberg) Baker. Ctenophthalmus pentacanthus (Rothschild) Baker. Ctenopsyllus musculi (Duges) Wagner. Hystrichopsylla talpx (Curtis) Rothschild. aio Sar? {nomiopsyllus nudatus Baker. See Ceratophyllus sexdentatus Baker. Ctenopsyllus alpinus (Baker) Wagner. eae Ceratophyllus eremicus Baker. aos Ceratophyllus leucopus Baker. ornare 2 Ceratophyllus keeni Baker. See Ceratophyllus wagneri Baker. AN Ctenopsyllus hesperomys Baker. Family MYOXID. ..--Ceratophyllus fasciatus (Bosc) Curtis. eeee Ceratophyllus dryas (Wagner) Baker. Family APLODONTIID. ae ks Ceratophyllus stylosus Baker. Family SCIURID. ..--Ceratophyllus silantiewii Wagner. Boo Ceratophyllus arctomys Baker. Ceratophyllus pseudarctomys Baker. Ceratophyllus wickhami (Baker) Wagner. ...-Ceratophyllus bruneri (Baker) Wagner. Ceratophyllus idahoensis Baker. Ceratophyllus tuberculatus Baker. ...-Ceratophyllus alaskensis Baker. ..--Ceratophyllus bruneri (Baker) Wagner. ..--Ceratophyllus tesquorum Wagner. ----Pulex dugesii Baker. ..--Ceratophyllus tesquorum Wagner. ..--Ceratophyllus bruneri (Baker) Wagner. ..--Ceratophyllus proximus Baker. Ctenophthalmus orientalis (Wagner) Baker. Ctenophthalmus setosa (Wagner) Baker. Pulex anomalus Baker. ..--Ceratophyllus hirsutus (Baker) Wagner. .--- Ceratophyllus ciliatus Baker. ... -Ceratophyllus armatus Wagner. Ceratophyllus tollii Wagner. .. -Ceratophyllus wickhami (Baker) Wagner. ..--Ceratophyllus montanus (Baker) Wagner. ...-Ceratophyllus wickham (Baker) Wagner. 460 Sciurus fremonti..........-C eratophyllus coloradensis (Baker) Wagner. # Ceratophyllus divisus Baker. Ceratophyllus lucidus Baker. Sciurus hudsonicus-----.--- Ceratophyllus wickhami (Baker) Wagner. Sciurus, valgarise-- soos Ceratophyllus sciurorum (Schrank) Curtis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Order INSECTIVORA. Family TENRECID®. Tonrec lecaudatus sss4se-e—=- Pulex madagascariensis Rothschild. Family SORICID i. Crocidura aranea----------- Ctenophthalmus assimilis (Taschenberg) Baker. Ctenopsyllus gracilis (Taschenberg) Baker. Neomysifodiens)-=-—--s=eeee Ctenophthalmus agyrtes (Heller) Baker. Hystrichopsylla talpe (Curtis) Rothschild. Sorex alpinus:- 4-2 Ss ea-ee Ctenophthalmus assimilis (Taschenberg) Baker. Ctenopsyllus gracilis (Taschenberg) Wagner. Sorexsaraneus so25-— 2 eee Ctenophthalmus agyrtes (Heller) Baker. Ctenophthalmus assimilis (Taschenberg) Baker. Ctenophthalmus dasycnemus (Rothschild) Baker. Ctenopsyllus gracilis (Taschenberg) Wagner. Hystrichopsylla talpx (Curtis) Rothschild. Family TALPID. Scalops argentatus _.._--.-- Ctenophthalmus genalis Baker. : Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes Baker. Talpajeuropwea sce] e see eee Ctenophthalmus agyrtes (Heller) Baker. Ctenophthalmus assimilis (Taschenberg) Baker. Ctenophthalmus bisoctodentatus Kolenati. Ctenophthalmus dasycnemus (Rothschild) Baker. Ctenophthalmus pentacanthus (Rothschild) Baker. Ctenopsyllus gracilis (Taschenberg) Baker. Ceratophyllus fasciatus (Bose) Curtis. Hystrichopsylla talpe (Curtis) Rothschild. Family ERINACEID/E. Erinaceus europeus -._.---- Ctenocephalus erinacei (Leach) Baker. Pulex cuspidatus Kolenati. Pulex longispinus Wagner. Order CHIROPTERA. Amblyotus atratus _..-:__-- Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. Barbastella barbastellus ---. Ceratopsyllus hexactenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus pentactenus Kolenati. Myotiscapacinil)=).-2- 5) Ceratopsyllus hexactenus Kolenati. My otisiciliatus=—- sees ee Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. Myotis}myotis sees Sere Ceratopsyllus hexactenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus pentactenus Kolenati. eratopsyllus 4 Myotis mystacinus......_..- Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. pst Myotis nattereri-..........- Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. _ Nyctinomus sp......--- .---Hectopsylla psittaci Frauenteld. _ Nyctinomus brachypterus ~~ - Ceratopsyllus incertus Rothschild. ‘No.1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 461 - Nyctinomus jugularis.-...--- Ceratopsyllus incertus Rothschild. Pipistrellus abramus Pipistrellus pipistrellus Plecotus auritus _....-- Pterygistes noctula ----- .--- Ceratopsyllus variabilis Wagner. ee Ceratopsyllus jubatus Wagner. Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus pentactenus Kolenati. ---- Ceratopsyllus hexactenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus pentactenus Kolenati. .--- Ceratopsyllus elongatus (Curtis) Rothschild. Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus pentactenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus galline (Schrank ) Wagner. Bhinolophus hipposideros --.Ceratopsyllus hexactenus Kolenati. Rousettus egyptiacus Vespertilio murinus. .-.-. Vespertilio nilssonii --.-- Vespertilio serotinus.- -- PRIRERCTOLANS tro. oe eco < PORUCAUNUSs 2 ce scc on Bapra nirensis 222-2. 05. PvIgiries ee ee ot eee Sanus App). --.-.--=-..- Procyon lotor .......-.- Ursus arctos..........- Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus unipectinata Taschenberg. ..--Ceratophyllus metallescens (Kolenati) Baker. ..-. Ceratopsyllus dictenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus hexactenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus obscurus Wagner. Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. Ceratopsyllus pentactenus Kolenati. ----Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. .---Ceratopsyllus intermedius Rothschild. Ceratopsyllus octactenus Kolenati. Order UNGULATA. Family SUID. ..--Sarcopsylla penetrans (Linnaeus) Westwood. Family BOVID: ..--Sarcopsylla penetrans (Linnaeus) Westwood. Vermipsydla alacurt Schrank. NXestopsylla gallinacea (Westwood) Baker. ..--Sarcopsylla penetrans (Linnaeus) Westwood. Vermipsylla alacurt Schrank. ..--Sarcopsylla penetrans (Linnaeus) Westwood. Vermipsylla alacurt Schrank. Family EQUID. ..--Sarcopsylla penetrans (Linnzeus) Westwood. Vermipsylla alacurt Schrank. Xestopsylla gallinacea (Linnzeus) Baker. Order FER. Family PROCYONID ©. .... Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Family URSID UE. Pulex tuberculaticeps Bezzi. 462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL ACKYEN Grisonvittatay._ 42+ ee Meles*meles): 22.22 4s25eLe Family MUSTELID 4. Pulex lutzii Baker. Ceratophyllus melis Curtis. Pulex vulpes Motschulsky. Putorius erminea-...------- Hystrichopsylla talpx (Curtis) Rothschild. Putorius nivalis=o----- es] Putorius sibirica .---------- Putorius visonse so sse eee Herpestes ichneumon -.------ Hyena striata------2-- Ceratophyllus mustelze Wagner. Ctenophthalmus uncinata (Wagner) Baker. Clenopsyllus sibiricus Wagner. Hystrichopsylla talpx (Curtis) Rothschild. Ceratophyllus pencilliger (Grube) Wagner. Ctenopsyllus sibiricus Wagner. Ceratophyllus oculatus Baker. Ceratophyllus vison Baker. Family VIVERRID 4. Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Pulex pallidus Taschenberg. Family HY ANID. Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Pulex hyenex Kolenati. Family CANIDZ. Canis familiariq 2-2 e = ee Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Pulex irritans Linneeus. Sarcopsylla penetrans (Linnzeus) Westwood. Xestopsylla gallinacea (Westwood) Baker. Fennocusibrucei 2.2 - 222-5. Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Urocyon cinereoargenteus. .-. Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Vulpesilagopuse esse eee aoe Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Vulpesavulpesia=s--s-e- eee Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Pulex vulpes Motschulsky. Vulpesisps2 222: spe ee Pulex irritans Linneeus. Family FELIDZ. Folisidomesticaa=--eeees = - Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Pulex irritans Linneeus. Sarcopsylla penetrans (Linneeus) Westwood. NXestopsylla gallinacea (Westwood) Baker. Felisileota ce) eeesn ne Sarcopsylla penetrans (Linnzeus) Westwood. Felis macroscelis -..-...---- Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Kelis tigrisisate sasseecee os Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Felis yaguaroundi-......--- Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Lynx canadonsis-22==22----= Ceratophyllus dentatus Baker. Ceratophyllus labiatus Baker. Ceratophyllus petiolatus Baker. Pulex lynx Baker. Order PRIMATES. Goriliaigorilla <22522--25- = Sarcopsylla penetrans (Linnzeus) Westwood. Homo ‘sapiens:.----225.--.-- Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Pulex irritans Linneeus. Sarcopsylla penetrans (Linnzeus) Westwood. Xestopsylla gallinacea (Westwood) Baker. No, 1361. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 463 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. With our very incomplete knowledge of the group, any broad generalizations as to distribution must be considered as merely tenta- tive. At this stage, however, the following observations may be of interest: I. The Palearctic and Nearctic regions each possess a genus not known to the other, the other genera being common to the two regions. Il. The order is very homogeneous north of the equator, very heterogeneous near to and south of it, South America furnishing the greatest number of isolated types. III. Species peculiar to those regions have not yet been described from Central America, Polynesia, Japan, China, India, and South Africa. Unquestionably all of these regions will furnish many pecul- lar forms. IV. One species has been described from Arctic regions and one from Antarctic regions. V. The genus Stephanocircus is represented by two species—one Australian (on Dasywrus) and one South American (on ** //esperomys”). VI. The genus //ystrichopsylla contains two species—one from Europe, the other from northeast America. VII. In America no species have been reported from the larger proportion of our native mammals, including bats, raccoon, badger, beaver, puma, muskrat, etc., though they all probably harbor fleas. VIII. The following genera are distinctly local in distribution: Vermipsylla, Echidnophaga, Stephanocircus, Megapsylla, Hecto- psylla, and Anomiopsyllus. IX. In tropical regions four species are nearly cosmopolitan: Pu/ex irritans, Ctenocephalus canis, Sarcopsylla penetrans, and Xestopsylla gallinacea. The two former are also nearly cosmopolitan in temper- ate regions. Statistics of families, genera, and species. Described from— Families.) Genera, | Species. Europe and North Asia 5 2 Africa and South Asia : 7 ») 2 PEMUCOR NOTE MATIT ET Ccleem eee ne ae eco ak coke cet eectuweecieees 2 7 17 Batre CRTIU DLA ETCH ate oe ee a ts tL ross cues ce eensns 2 ti] 25 PPRLOUmN ONL SATR TIC HEME ee ee kee nena ent ce Cie ee edd Sisk eosin 1 \ 10 reer Opes Mane SL Oe oe cei cecaeaebeseses 3 8 10 oneal 117s enn Se OE trun he ecw eecee 2 { 7 ear aertrs see mE tn Speen Hepat Se nT a isda cweaccacse 1 3 6 Sees e Tes TIMES POC) eae Meee eee oo oe on cine ces aos ond. cane ose oe 1 1 1 Pemeeine Pasthon bere 10 1880)... ...2<.--+--<2te---sses SPECIES INCERT# SEDIS. CERATOPHYLLUS MURIS Curtis. 1832. Curtis, British Entomology, IX, No. 417. 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Correspondenzblatt, X XVIII, p. 76. 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 182. Questionably referred to musculi Duges by Taschenberg. CTENOPHTHALMUS BISSEPTEMDENTATUS Kolenati. 1859. Kotenati, Fauna d. Altvaters, p. C5 (C. unidentatus). 1863. KoLenati, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., II, p. 36. 1873. RirsemA, Tijdsch. vy. Entomol., p. 1xxxiv. 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Correspondenzblatt, X X VIII, p. 77. 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 185. Considered by Taschenberg as questionably equivalent to his assimilis. PULEX AURITUS Fabricius. 1783. Fasricius, Nye Samling af der Kong. Danske Vet. Sels. Skrifter., p. 309, fig. 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Correspondenzblatt, X X VIII, p. 77. 1880. Ritsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 181. Described from Picus viridis in Sweden. Evidently one of the avium group. PULEX BOLETI Guerin. 1836. GueERtN, Iconogr. du régne animal. Texte explicatif. Insectes, p. 14. Presumably an insect of some other order. PULEX MURIS Gervais. 1844. Gervais, Hist. nat. d. Ins. Aptéres, ITI, 374. Taschenberg questions the identity of this with musculi of Dugés. PULEX SEGNIS Schonherr. 1816. ScH6NHERR, Kon. Vet. Nya Handl., XX XII, p. 98, fig. 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Correspondenzblatt, X X VIII, p. 76. 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 182. Taschenberg also thinks that this and muscu/i Duges may possibly be the same. 468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVI. PULEX TERRESTRIS Macquart. 1831. Maceauart, Ann. d. Science. Nat., X XII, p. 465. 1844. Gervais, Hist. Nat. d. Ins. Aptéres, III, p. 375. 1874. RirsemA, Regensb. Correspondenzblatt, XX VIII, p. 76. 1880. Rirsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 182. Listed by Taschenberg as a possible synonym of //ystrichopsylla talpo. PULEX VAGABUNDA Boheman. 1865. Boneman, Ofvers. of K. Vet. Akad. Forh., p. 576, fig. 1874. Rirsema, Regensb. Correspondenzblatt, X X VIII, p. 80. 1880. Rrrsema, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., LIII, p. 185. Taschenberg considers this as questionably fasczatus. PULEX VESPERTILIONIS Dugées. 1832. Duaks, Ann. d. Scienc. Nat., XX VII, p. 161, fig. Considered by Taschenberg as questionably octactenus Kolenati. PULEX VESPERTILIONIS Bouche. 1835. Boucnt, Noy. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., X VII, Pt. 1, p. 508. Apparently not the same as last, and Taschenberg lists it as a possi- sible synonym of hewactenus Kolenati. APPENDIX. Just as the foregoing paper is going to the printers I have, through the kindness of Mr. Rothschild, been enabled to examine his last two papers published during this year. In the one entitled New British Fleas he describes Coratophyllus gare from the water hen (Gallinula chloropus) and Ceratophyllus wal- keri from Putorius erminea, P. nivalis, Sorex araneus, Hvotomys her- cynicus, and Microtus amphibius. The other paper, Some New Nearctic Fleas, is of more direct inter- est to us, in that three new American fleas are described. Pulex ursi, from Ursus horribilis, in Alberta, Canada, is very inter- esting, in that it appears to be more closely related to bohlséi_and lutzi than to any other North American species. Typhlopsylla grandis, from Tamias striatus, in Ontario, is apparently a Ctenophthalmus, and closely related to C. gigas, from which it dif- fers, among other things, in having two unequal genal spines. Hystrichopsylla dippiei, from Putorius longicaudus, in Alberta, Canada, is apparently near the species already noted by me as being new. It differs from //. americana in having but six genal spines and thirty-six teeth in the pronotal ctenidium. I regret not having been able to examine Mr. Enderlein’s late paper, though I have made repeated endeavors to do so. Stanford University, California, March 1, 1900. ee ene eS a Ts 7 - ay - “ ‘ a pe FJ = ee ,. 6. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 469 EXPLANATION OF LETTERING ON PLATES. h=head of female. Aih=head of male. I=fore leg. _—-- TI=middle leg. - I1I=hind leg. m=genital apparatus of male. f=genital apparatus of female. c=inner distal portion of hind coxa. e=hind coxa. ‘=hind tarsus. d=dorsum of female. pi dd=dorsum of male. _ With but few exceptions all the figures were drawn to the same scale, and these exceptions will be apparent. For exact measurements refer to descriptions. * e ; U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. X AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 381, 383. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03——81 AT . - Kal _ é i r - U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XI AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 379, 383, 421 —_— iP > _ U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XII AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 389, 390. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XIII AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 391, 393. a i ae U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XIV AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 418. ae PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XV AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 405, 418. Ly PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XVI AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 397, 400. Nar hotest ane i ven yf mi i i es ( 4 + t y . a if U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XVII AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 392, 395. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XVIII . is 2. . es Bi Sere & wcoatts J sf 4 , : pi Pe ; § ahs eke aa % —— Ve i Be i ; i i y : fi i | : 1 t 7 X : i ¥ \ Y ‘ ZB) - c, ; ) J] i] u) $ ; ; i : e 5 B of / fA % 0 J rH AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 413, 415. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03——32 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XIX AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 396, 402, 412. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. xXx U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 407, 410. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XXI AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 416. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XXII AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 411. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XXIII AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 411, 415. PROCEEDINGS VOL. XXVII PL. XXIV SS “i Sy ae é ; Shilens \ ’ nT ae — — t f— _— AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 399, 415. U S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XXV AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413, 417. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XXVI AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 403. do Proc. N. M. vol. xxvil—03 THE ALEYRODIDS, OR MEALY-WINGED FLIES, OF CALI- FORNIA, WITH BEV ERENCES TO OTHER AMERICAN SPECIES. By Fiorence E. Bemis, Of Stanford University, California. INTRODUCTION. This paper includes the descriptions, usually with account of egg and larval stage, of nineteen new species of North American Aleyro- did, or mealy-winged flies, all found in California; a catalogue with references, food-plants, and distribution of all the other American species so far described, and an analytical key of all the American species now known. This key is practically that of Quaintance (1900), expanded and modified to include the author’s nineteen new species. The addition of these new forms brings the total number of species of American Aleyrodes, so far known, to sixty-six. In beginning the study of the Californian Aleyrodide, it was found that but four species in this little known family of insects had been recorded from this State. The accounts of these species consist solely of the technical specific descriptions, and are mostly included in the papers of Maskell“ and Quaintance.’? Quaintance’s Monograph enables one to become acquainted readily with our knowledge of American Aleyrodide up to 1900. The insects themselves have been found to be very plentiful, the author having collected them from 30 native plants (see p. 474) and from various cultivated plants in gardens and conservatories. They are so plentiful in some cases as to vie with their near relatives, the Coccids, in economic importance; the author has found the leaves of the native live oak (Quercus agrifolia), the madrofo (Arbutus imen- ziesii), and the sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus), curled, abnormally small, and incrusted on the under side with the immature stages; a cultivated fern kept 1 in the laboratory and left to its own resources «Maskell, rane New ean Taine, 1895. p. 415. >Quaintance, Contributions toward a Monograph of the American Aleurodidze (U.S. Agri. ge Division of Entomology. Technical Ser., No. 8, 1900). PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXVII—No. 1362. 471 ‘ 472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. was almost killed by the multiplication of a few members of one species within a year. Already these insects are being fought asa pest in the conservatories. On the other hand, the author has frequently found colonies of Aleyrodes parasitized to an extent which indicates that nature herself will check the threatened danger. The chief reason why these insects might become troublesome econom- ically is that many of them are omnivorous in food habit, and, not being capable of strong flight, would, under stress, readily become habituated to the nearest food plants. But it is not from the point of view of the economic entomologist that the author has begun the study of the Aleyrodide. It is rather with the hope of throwing some light on their somewhat ambiguous zoological position through a detailed study of their structure and life history that the work has been undertaken. The curious meta- morphosis of the Aleyrodids is not definitely understood; whether it should be called. ‘‘complete” or ‘‘incomplete” is certainly still a mooted question. In the present paper the author uses the termi- nology which is already in vogue in the literature of this group, though the terms ‘‘ pupa” and ‘‘pupa-case” are arbitrarily employed when applied to a family in which the metamorphosis may be incomplete. With this structural and developmental study as an ultimate aim the author has made a beginning in the study of the Aleyrodide. An acquaintance with species has necessarily*been the first step in the work, and this paper is therefore primarily systematic in character. The geographical range covered in collecting the species herein described will be but briefly indicated here, as the exact localities are given in the text for each species described. It may here be said, however, that all the collecting has been confined to California, speci- mens having been taken in the Santa Clara Valley (Santa Clara County), on the slopes of the Santa Cruz and Sierra Morena ranges (Santa Clara and San Mateo counties), in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, in the San Ramon Valley (Alameda County), at the base of Mount Diablo (Contra Costa County), and to a small extent in Alameda, Napa, and Mendocino counties, in southern California, and in the Yosemite Val- ley. King’s Mountain, often referred to as a collecting ground, is in San Mateo County and Black Mountain in Santa Clara County. The immature stages may be looked for upon either surface of the leaves, appearing upon plants as dissimilar in habit as the plantain and the oak. Most of the species are omnivorous, while a few seem to be confined to a single host. It would appear from material collected at points scattered from the base of the coast range to its summit that in the distribution of the Aleyrodid in this range there are no zones defined by altitude, the author having found the greater number of species collected, characteristic of the entire region from valley to summit. No, 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 47 8 The adults may readily be. found resting on Hihe under sides of the leaves. In collecting, if the adults take to flight, it is only necessary to remain quietly in wait, for they usually return from this upward flight, alighting in almost the same places from which they arose; the author has frequently thus disturbed a female in the act of egg-laying, and has seen her return to the same leaf when the disturbance ceased. The sure method of securing adults is, of course, to breed them from pup which have been carefully isolated. All the species described have been placed in the genus Aleyrodes. Where the author has described species from immature forms only (a usage adopted by systematic students of this family from the begin- ning), there was no means of definite generic identification, as the generic characters lie in the wing venation of the adult. But as all the adults found belonged to Aleyrodes it was deemed best to place all forms examined provisionally under the one genus. The author has had to depend on the pupa-cases for the identification of species, there being very little specific difference in the adults. True, some have such distinct characters as immaculate wings and yel- low body, but there are others with similarly unmarked wings in which the abdomen is yellow and the head and thorax brownish, while still others have wings bearing dusky spots and the bodies with regular dark-brown markings. But as apparently identical adults issue from widely different pupa-cases, even the constant adult characters have no systematic value unless correlated with the pupal characters. In the determination of the adults here described the specimens in question have in every case been bred by the author from their pupz in the laboratory, or taken out of doors in the act of issuing from the pupa-case. In the determination of larval stages the following precau- tions have been taken for securing accuracy: In determining the begin- ning of the first Eaee the author has used only specimens obtained by capturing the larve immediately upon their issuance from the eggs. In determining later stages advantage has been taken of the insects’ habit of preserving the larval moults, which may be found on the dor- sum in regular succession from the first to the latest, which rests imme- diately upon the dorsum of the pupa-case. These moults have been removed, mounted in glycerin jelly or in Canada balsam, their charac- ters studied and their dimensions taken from comparison with identical stages found on the same leat The following new species included in this paper, all from Califor- nia, are described under the following names: A/eyrodes madron/, A. splendens, A. quaintancei, A. stanford, A. errans, A. interrogations, Ak maskelli, wAb diasemus. A. extraniens, A. me rlind, A. wellmane, A amnicola, A. pruinosus, A. nigrans, A. ‘ridescens, A. tentaculatus, A. kelloggi, A. hutchingsi, and A. glacialis. The Aleyrodidx taken in California have been found on the follow- 474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. ing native food plants: Rhamnus californica, Rhamnus crocea, Umbel- lularia californica, Heteromeles arbutifolia, Quercus agrifolia, Quercus densiflora, Clematis ligusticifolia, Opulaster capitatus, Lonicera invo- lucrata, Rhus diversiloba, Prunus ilicifolia, Arbutus menziesii, Salix levigata, Washingtonia nuda, Symphoricarpos racemosus, Pibes gluti- nosum, Ceanothus californicus, Rubus vitifolius, Troximon sp., Sonchus oleraceus, Convolovulus sepium, Convolvulus arvensis, Aesculus califor- nica, Plantago major, Solanum douglasii, Arctostaphylos manzanita, Arctostaphylos sp. (unnamed species from the Yosemite), Quercus chrysolepis, and Hriodictyon ealifornicum. The author’s thanks are due to Prof. V. L. Kellogg, under whose direction the work has been done in the entomological laboratory of Stanford University; also to Superintendent MacLaren, of Golden Gate Park of San Francisco, and to Mr. Adolph Holme, in charge of the conservatory of the park; also to Mr. Edward M. Ehrhorn, hor- ticultural officer of Santa Clara County, and to Mr. George A. Cole- man for specimens; also to Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell for material, helpful suggestion, and valuable criticism, and to Prof. A. L. Quaint- ance, the well-known special student of Aleyrodidee, who has most kindly examined the entire manuscript of this paper. The author desires to make an especial acknowledgment to Miss Mary H. Well- man, of Stanford University, who has made all the drawings from nature. The cotypes of all the species described in this paper are deposited in the collections of the U. 8. National Museum. LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS. In a number of species there have been six stages verified, namely: Ege, three larval, a pupal, and an adult. In all the species which have been under observation, the eggs are laid in a circle or an are of one, one or more rows deep, and three to twenty-eight eggs have been counted in a place; occasionally they are found in an irregular group, but always close together. Each is laid singly, the female standing with her wings somewhat outstretched and her bead at the center of the future circle, her body forming the radius. As the eggs leave the abdomen, she raises the tip of her body above the usual level; after each 1s deposited, she swings the posterior part of her body laterally for a short distance and lays another. This is kept up until oviposi- tion is completed or she is disturbed. Often several females will be seen standing near each other upon a leaf where there are no eggs; they keep moving in a restless manner, and gradually the leaf becomes coated with minute, white granules of wax similar to that which is upon their bodies and wings; where there is but one insect at work the wax is regularly circular in shape, but where there are more it is irregular. Usually the eggs are found upon these places, and are | No. 1362. ALEYVRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 40 more or less coy ered with wax; ; they “y are elliptic: al 3 in shape eand curved to a greater or less degree. At first they are white or pale yellow, but as the embryo develops the color becomes darker; the young hatch in about ten to thirteen days, the egg opening along the inner curve from the apex toward the base. The pedicel, which is such a noticeable feature of the eggs of the Aleyrodidie, is a prolongation of the chorion, and can be seen within the body of the gravid female, frequently attracting attention by its dark brown color. The embryo lies with its head toward the apex of the shell, and about the sixth day after being laid the reddish eyespots and orange- colored visceral mass begin to show plainly. In the eggs under observation there elapsed from forty-two minutes to three hours and eight minutes from the time that the shell began to open till the larva was free. The egg that took the greater time was upon dry material and was dark brown in color, the shell when empty keeping its upright position and shape, so that the slow hatching was probably due to the toughness of the chorion. As soon as hatched the young larva moved freely about on the leaf, but never went more than an inch from its shell and to this habit it is doubtless due that the empty shell is so often found close to the pupa-case. Specimens were seen active for eight or more hours. One lived for fifty-three hours and died without attaching itself. This may have been because the leaf was withering, although ee removed to another it did not affix itself. At first the larvee are very convex and entirely free from secretion of any kind, but within an hour after emerging from the egg the beginning of the marginal band of wax is seen. When the food was allowed to dry somewhat so that it wilted, the young larvee secreted a coating of wax, which was not present under other circumstances. The author has not been able to determine the time which elapsed before the first molt or between the successive molts. From the fact that the larval exuviz are always on the dorsum of the succeed- ing stage, and that they are folded back with the cephalic portion of the ventral surface uppermost, it is almost certain that the skin breaks on the ventral surface or along lateral margins. This is the reverse of the mode in the pupal stage, where the imago issues through a rent made along the longi-dorso-medial and thoraco-abdominal sutures, the flaps being folded back. When a parasite emerges from a pupa-case there is left an irregular round hole in the dorsum of the thorax and cephalic region; this characteristic opening makes it possible to deter- mine the extent of parasitization among the empty cases. The num- ber of larval stages has been determined from the molts, which are uniformly found upon the dorsum of the pupa-cases. In the first stage the larve are always semitransparent, with functional legs and antenne, and in the majority of species have from seven to nine latero-marginal hairs. After the first molt the cuticle may begin to grow darker in color and thicker in texture, until the culmi- 476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII, nation is reached in the thick black pupa-case, or the color and texture may remain approximately the same as in the first stage; when the latter obtains, some of the structural stages can be followed by superficial examination. The degeneration, or loss of legs and antenne, and the permanent disappearance of the latero-marginal hairs take place with the molt of the first skin; in the second stage there is no external trace of either legs or antenne, but in the third and beginning of the fourth stage, the reduced legs and occasionally the minute antenne may be made out; in the fourth stage the wings are present and the legs and antennz are more like those of the adult, but are still unseg- mented; in the later part of this stage they are approximately as in the adult, and sex can be readily distinguished. The mouthparts seem to be smaller in the second and third stages; often in the latter they can not be made out, but in the late pupal stage they occupy relatively the same space as in the first larval. All of the pupze secrete ‘* honeydew,” sometimes in such quantities that the leaf around the case and the dorsum of the pupa is covered with it: in some species there are seen minute, blunt tubes on the apex of the lingula, through which the fluid may be excreted (fig. 47, Plate XX XIII). When the ‘‘ honeydew” is emitted the operculum is lifted, the lingula is protruded, dorsally recurved, and the drop thrown with considerable force (fig. 46, Plate XX XIII). The liquid is sweet, and when exposed to the air it becomes thick and finally hardens. The frequent appearance of fungus in and about the cases is probably induced by the presence of this medium, as it is in the Coccide. On Chamedorea sp., an introduced plant from Mexico which was kept in the Golden Gate Park Conservatory, San Francisco, the author saw many large, black ants busily engaged in gathering ‘* honey- dew,” acting as ants do with Aphids. Leaving the pupa-case is a slow and toilsome process; the imago often struggles for hours before it is free and ready for flight. After leaving the case, it usually remains quiet for a few minutes. At this time it is paler in color than it will be later, and its wings are damp and crumpled; soon it begins to walk very slowly, and after going a short distance crouches upon the leaf as if exhausted; gradually its wings unfold and straighten into definite shape, the color becomes vivid and the granular secretion of wax from which the family has derived its name, begins to appear. The adults have a peculiar manner of flight; when disturbed they rise in an almost vertical direction, and, if not further molested, alight nearly where they were in the first place. This habit may account for the females returning to the same leaf where they were laying eggs when disturbed, for on several occasions they have been observed to resume egg laying within a short distance from the place where their other eggs had been deposited. Although the adults possess mouthparts and an alimentary canal, No. 1369. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. AU” close observation on the part of the author has failed to reveal them feeding; Prof. A. L. Quaintance, however, in a letter, writes that he has frequently observed adults of A. abuti/onews Haldeman feeding. Experiments for determining the average duration of adult life were not satisfactory, as the specimens had to be confined in an artificial environment that would not give results identical with natural condi- tions. From data gathered, it is probable that there are at least two broods each year, the adults in this vicinity emerging from the pupa- cases and laying in April and May, and again in September, October, and November of the same year. Family ALEYRODID. Small to minute insects infesting plants; oviparous; metamorphosis incomplete (4); immature stages quiescent, attached by sucking mouth parts to the leaves; adults free and active, covered with granules of white wax. Adults of both sexes with four wings, which are held horizontally and extend beyond the abdomen when the insect is at rest. Wings rounded, pure white or with dusky spots, margins golden-yellow and serrulate or ‘‘ beaded ” all around, each serrulation with three to five minute, delicate hairs; color and serrulations of the costal margin more pronounced; forewings with a single, median vein; costal mar- gin bearing nine spines at base. Color of body yellow; head and thorax usually darker; the entire body occasionally with conspicuous brown markings. Head small, convex above, rounded anteriorly. Eyes two; red, brown, or black; either more or less constricted near the middle, reniform, or divided into two lobes, the lesser of which is anterior, brighter in color, and with smaller facets. Anterior to 2ach eye is a single small ocellus. When mounted the divided eyes appear single, and only a careful inspection under a high power of micro- scope will show the difference in structure. Antenne of seven seg- ments, the first of which is shortest and the third longest; the first two segments are simple and stout; segment one, cup-shaped; segment two, subpyriform; segments three to seven, inclusive, cylindrical and closely ringed with minute hairs. Legs long and slender, feet with dimerous tarsi, terminating in three claws, of which the middle one is smaller than the other two, and bears a number of spines. Rostrum projecting from the under side of head, composed of a single segment, at the apex of which are the sete that form the suctorial tube; from the base arises the long, 3-segmented mentum, subcylindrical in shape, free for its entire length, and inclosing the rostral sete. ‘Thorax with about equal distinct segments. Abdomen roundly tapering, termi- nating in the genitalia; the first segment constitutes a very slender peduncle; on the dorsal surface of the last segment is the vasiform orifice (fig. 41, Plate XX XIII). In the adults this characteristic organ is but little differentiated in general appearance and of no specific tax- 478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXVII. onomic value. Orifice subcircular; operculum more than one-half the length of orifice, deeply emarginate on the distal end; lingula longer than orifice, subcylindrical, either somewhat pointed or else enlarged at the tip, usually protruded and dorsally recurved; both operculum and lingula setose. Genitalia of female conical, in three parts, the middle one of which is the ovipositor. (Fig. 44, Plate XX XIII.) Genitalia of male forcipate, also in three parts, the outer two of which are the valves or claspers, and inclose the penis. (Fig. 57, Plate XX XY.) Pup inclosed in more or less transparent, chitinous cases, usually elliptical in shape. Rudimentary legs and antenne inclosed, but when the case is sufficiently transparent they are often visible. Pupa-case naked, or bearing hairs or spines; dorsum free from secretion, or it may have a more or less copious white wax covering, which is fre- quently arranged in definite patterns, and often of great beauty; margins made up of adjacent lateral wax tubes, from the ends of which may be produced a fringe of transparent wax rods, or asbesti- form threads of wax, more or less covered with flocculent wax. On the dorsum, in the last segment of the abdomen, is found the vasiform orifice which is the most distinctive character in this family, and in the immature stages forms the basis of classification. It is an open- ing variously modified in shape, with a lid, the operculum, which is hinged to the cephalic margin; this lid ranges in size from minute to large; lying within the orifice beneath the operculum is the lingula, a strap-shaped organ, also attached to the cephalic margin; in general shape, cylindrical at base and more or less enlarged at the distal end; in some specimens it is entirely obscured by the operculum, while in others it is conspicuously long, even projecting beyond the orifice; the distal portion is frequently protruded and dorsally recurved. The operculum and the distal part of the lingula are usually setose, and the latter, as a rule, bears two long apical hairs (fig. 30, Plate XX XJ). On the ventral surface of the case are four pairs of spiracles, a pair on each of the thoracic segments, and a pair on the abdomen, lateral of the vasiform orifice. In freshly mounted specimens the trachez are often filled with air, and consequently may be easily traced (figs. 55, 56, Plate XX XV). Larve thin and usually flat; elliptical in shape; early stages semi- transparent and ranging in color from white to yellow; dorsum naked, or with hairs or spines; with or without lateral fringe and dorsal secretion. Vasiform orifice as in pupe. In the beginning of the first stage the larve are free and active, legs and antennez func- tional; after the first moult these organs are not usually recognizable until a somewhat later stage (fig. 58, Plate XX XY). Eges yellow and ellipsoidal, with or without polygonal markings of shell; attached by a peduncle to leaf, usually laid in circular groups.¢ « For a more detailed account of the characters of Aleyrodidze, see Maskell, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 1895, p. 415. No. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 479 Genus ALEYRODES Latreille. } “With the characters of the family. Adults, with but a single _ basal branch to vein of forewings; hindwings, with but a single | vein.” The author has not attempted to separate the genus into subgenera _ as proposed by Cockerell;“ this work can be done more satisfactorily when students have become better acquainted with more species. TABLE OF ALL AMERICAN SPECIES.? I. Pupa-case usually but little hidden by secretion; with lateral fringe—that is, any secretion from marginal wax tubes. II. Pupa-case usually hidden by a mass of hairy, waxy, or flocculent secretion. Ill. Pupa-case evident and without lateral fringe. I. Pupa-case usually but little hidden by secretion; with lateral fringe—that is, any secretion from marginal wax tubes. Pupa-case uniformly brown or black. With dorsal secretion of wax. Dorsal secretion cottony or mealy in appearance. Pupa-case dark brown to black, elliptical, slightly convex, about 0.85mm. long. Dorsum covered with white meal, frequently becoming quite solid. Lateral fringe, all around, agglomer- ated almost into a solid plate, of unequal length, giving a star shape of about 8 rays. Operculum subcircular, covering about one-half of orifice; lingula obsolete. --.-- stellatus (37). Pupa-case black, elliptical, convex, 1.8mm.long. Margin thick with conspicuous groove on dorsal surface, and short fringe of wax on ventral surface. Around vasiform orifice, a large, nearly transparent, hemispherical area, but dusted with white secretion. Around lateral margin, a row of about 32 sharp sword-like hairs. Adult with basal half and portions of rest Cie en ONO Ky oe kak ae Oe Noa tec tk fumipennis (18). Pupa-case shiny black; size, about 0.92 by 0.61-.mm.; subellip- tical, moderately convex; lateral fringe rather short, trun- cate; dorsal secretion of 3 longitudinal stripes of cottony or iEDLESTA NT? eos Sales ge ae oe Re ee a BO il ae Ed acacie (47). Pupa-case shining black, elliptical, 0.9 by 0.7 mm. Lateral fringe of transparent rods as wide as the case; dorsal secretion a narrow elliptical band mesad of the lateral wax tubes, and also a longitudinal stripe of mealy white wax.-madroni (25). Pupa-case shiny fs. oval, conyex, 0.9 by 0.6 mm. Lateral wax tubes deflexed to form the marginal rim, whichis sharply demarked from dorsum by a ridge. Lateral fringe copious, at least as wide as case; dorsal secretion forming a second fringe, which rises perpendicularly above the dorsum and then curves downward and outward.......--.: splendens (2). “Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1902, p. 282. » A. phalenoides (No. 30) is not included in this table, as it was not included in Quaintance’s key, and the writer has not had access to the original desertption. In Quaintance’s list it is not described, simply listed with a reference to the original description. a? be 480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Pupa-case dull black, subelliptical, 0.81 by 0.52 mm; the copious lateral fringe about twice the width of case in length. A slight mealy secretion may occur on dorsum; with tube- like longitudinal medio-dorsal elevation, cephalad, arrow- shaped; along abdominal segments, suggesting a trachea, with a‘clottisicaudad. 5. 22-2 2eoe =e ese anes tracheifer (48). Pupa-case shiny black, flat, subovate, 0.95 by 0.81 mm.; cephalo-lateral margins on each side with an indenture and thickening. Lateral fringe semitransparent; a very light mealy secretion of wax may occur along body segments. Dorsum with small black dots. ....---- quercus-aquatice (49), Without dorsal secretion of wax. Lateral fringe gelatinous looking (translucent). Pupa-case pitch black, oval, hardly 1 mm. long. The gelat- inous fringe extending out from case, and raising it up some- what. From cephalo-lateral margin on each side and from caudal end a pencil of white wax resting on gelatinous rim. gelatinosus (19). quercus-aquatice. See above. Lateral fringe a series of distinct radiating waxy ribbons. Pupa-case intense black, oval, hardly over a millimeter long. The lateral fringe of 12 broad ribbon-like rays of glassy wax, yellow basally, about aslongas length ofcase - -vinsonioides (41). Lateral fringe a narrow, continuous rim of white waxen filaments. Pupa-case dense black, broadly elliptical, 1.2 mm. long. Mod- erately convex, with rounded median ridge. -.-.-.cockerelli (9). Lateral fringe of very narrow, radiating, waxy ribbons, about 0.1 mm. long. Pupa-case extremely dense and black, oval, 1.25 mm. long. perileucus (36). Lateral fringe regular; of white, waxy ribbons, curved over so as to be strongly convex above. z Pupa-case dense black, broad-oval, about 1.5 mm. long. melanops (62). Lateral fringe a continuous rim of transparent rods about width of case. Pupa-case shiny black, oval, 0.83 by 0.6 mm. Dorsal disk larger than ventral, lateral wax tubes deflexed, making an oblique rims. socheho nae eee rere eee quaintancei (42). Lateral fringe a more or less copious, cottony secretion. Pupa-case shiny black, elliptical, about 0.7 by 0.55 mm. A copious, white cottony fringe all around, continuous basally, but ragged distally. Case moderately convex, with evident rounded median rif¥e. Forewings of adults marked with MECsan elon Ove s bin blac Keser ree mori (24). Pupa-case as in A. mori, but the margin more deeply crenulated. Adults with wing-markings black ----- mori arizonensis (65). ‘‘Larva (Pupa-case?) flavous, the disk of the larger indi- viduals dark brown; the margin is ciliate and white.” Wanesiotadultsimmnaacnlates=s=== se eee eee eee corni (10). Pupa-case shining black, subelliptical 0.7 by 0.55 mm. Dorsal disk larger than ventral, and the marginal rim of wax tubes no. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALI FORNIA—BEMIS. 481 SS ee bent downward and inward. The scant cottony secretion from marginal wax tubes appearing as a vertical fringe. abnormis (50). tracheifer. See above. Pupa-case shining black, broadly elliptical, average size, 1.37 by 1.07 mm. Lateral fringe usually about one-half width of case. Dorsum with conspicuous, deflexed marginal rim, and a tube-like, longi-medial keel, arrow-shaped cephalad, along abdominal segments, suggesting a trachea with a glottis caudad..-------------------7-"-77" _...stanfordi (28). Pupa-case shining black, elliptical, 0.9 by 0.8 mm. ; with a copious, white, cottony, lateral fringe. Dorsum convex with evident median keel, arrow-shaped at the cephalic end and a reflexed marginal rim narrowed at both ends of case; body segments conspicuous -----------+2---7 7777777" errans (16). Pupa-case yellowish or greenish. Dorsal secretion simply a submarginal series of brittle curved waxen rods from distal pores or papillee. Pupa-case pale yellow, elliptical, about 0.56 mm. long, flattish. Margin minutely crenulated, the wax tubes bearing a short fringe of straight white tubes. Within the submarginal series of papillee on dorsum, are 8 large circular orifices: 2 on cephalic, 4 on thoracic, and 2 on abdominal region. erigerontis (12). Dorsal secretion a submarginal series of curved waxen rods from dis- tinct pores or pustules, and a more central secretion of thin, brittle, yellow wax, usually fragmentary. Pupa-case yellow, the median region at length darkening, ellipti- eal, about 0.75 mm. long. With two lateral depressions on each side, similar to those in a Lecanium. Lateral fringe short, frag mentary. Within submarginal series of pustules on dorsum are 12 other pustules; 2 large on cephalic region, 2 large on thoracic region, 4 large on abdominal region, 2 large on caudal region, and 2 small at vasiform orifice ---------------- nicotiane (26). Pupa-case yellow, brown on central area. Dorsal secretion in tufts, or pencils. Lateral fringe gelatinous looking (translucent). Pupa-case with gelatinous fringe wider than case, extending beyond and raising it from leaf. Dorsum with nine tufts, or pencils of white wax; a pair on the cephalic and on the tho- racic regions near median line, a pair at the vasiform oritice, a pair caudad of vasiform orifice, and at caudal end of ease, a long pencil resting on gelatinous fringe. - interrogationis (29). Without dorsal secretion. The lateral fringe a delicate, white, band-like secretion. Pupa-case pale greenish, oval, with margins anteriorly very sinuous; 0.5 mm. long. Within margin all around a parallel line, the intervening space cr yssed by equidistant straight lines; a second parallel line, often faint, within the first, the space thus formed also crossed by lines closer and shorter than in first zone. On ventral surface, near middle line, are five pairs of strong setaceous hairs, all very long, and pro- 482 © PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVI. jecting mostly beyond the margin. Wings of adults immac- ulate; eyes large, black, bean-shaped ......_--- filicium (18). The lateral fringe consisting of but three curling, white waxen filaments, from long, thickened tubular pores, opening one on each side in cephalolateral region and one at caudal end of case. Pupa-case pale greenish yellow to yellowish, broadly oval, but little convex, applied close to leaf, and inconspicuous; 1.4 by 0.8 to 1 mm.; margin minutely crenulated and with radi- ating lines extending mesad. Vasiform orifice small, sub- circular, operculum short, concave distally. Adults with immaculateswiness=3 25545 see eee eee eee citri (8). The lateral fringe transparent, white rods of variable length; when short, so deflexed as to appear vertical. Pupa-case pale yellow, elliptical, caudal, and truncate; 0.9 by 0.65 mm.; marginal rim wide, demarked from dorsum by a thick line. Vertical fringe common to this type of Aleurodes, aDSENG Whi eee Sates eee een nae es maskelli (44). The lateral fringe of separate, glassy rods, or of glassy, agglomerate rods covered more or less with flocculent wax. Pupa-case yellow, elliptical, 1.4 by 0.8 mm., raised on a vertical fringe; dorsum with 12 pairs of conspicuous spines. diasemus (38). The lateral fringe very narrow, of white agglomerate rods, ragged distally. Pupa-case yellow, when empty, a white, transparent film; elliptical, 0.9 by 0.8 mm.; dorsum with 4 pairs of spines. Lateral secretion may be fragmentary, or so short and deflexed that it similates a vertical fringe. ---extraniens (46). II. Pupa-case usually hidden by a mass of hairy, waxy, or flocculent secretion. The secretion white, felt-like, or hairy. Pupa-case black, oval, 0.94 mm. long. Flat, but dorsum with median ridge, and several transverse furrows. Margin with double crenulation. Vasiform orifice and operculum hemi- spherical; operculum small, not filling orifice. Wings of LCL Geena Tas CU aie eee eee eee parvus (27). Larya yellowish green, somewhat roundish, 0.5 mm. long. Margin with double crenulations which are pointed distally. Ventral surface with five pairs of bristles along middle line, about as long as one-third width of body. Pupa-case with 10 to 12 long radiating wax threads, star-like---goyabe (20). Larva similar to goyab, but only the caudal pair of bristles readily discernable. Pupa-case scantly covered with the unequal curling waxen threads. A submarginal series of equally placed short bristles ................---- aepim (4). Pupa-case covered with a mass of wool-like wax often morethan twice its length. Case yellow, elliptical, 1 by 0.6 mm., raised on a short, vertical fringe; dorsum convex, covered With. conspicuots) papillie 25.65. 32 a se merlini (31). The secretion yellowish, long, hair-like. Pupa-case light yellow, elliptical, 1 mm. long, flat. Denuded of the yellowish hair-like secretion, a longitudinal median, and submarginal secretion on each side of white wax is evi- © dent. Vasiform orifice subelliptical. Operculum hemi- spherical, n rly fitting orifice, the caudal end notched. Adult with wings immaculate, eyes black... -- horridus (22). al be at jy risa, eS ae —_. NO. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 483 The secretion white, flocculent. Pupa-case dull yellow, elliptical, 0.56 to 0.84 mm. long, slightly convex. Margin conspicuously crenulated, the wax tubes bearing besides the floceulent matter a moderately long fringe of straight, white wax tubes. Dorsum with six long slender cylindrical spines, the caudal pair frequently bearing a pencil of white wax. Vasiform orifice twice as broad as long; operculum short, broad; lingula obsolete. floccosus (15). The secretion of very long, curling bundles of snowy white wax in the form of a rosette. Pupa-case yellowish, elliptical 0.78 by 0.5 mm.; the curling bundles of white wax from submarginal area, and a more or less columnar central secretion. A submarginal series of glassy curved, waxen rods, from distant papillee; case raised OPMURVAST GL CANDTH NCGS eS ee nO pergandei (51). The secretion a submarginal series of broad waxy ribbons with a more central secretion, more or less columnar in appearance. Pupa-case shiny black, sub-elliptical; 0.72 by 0.46 mm. The copious secretion, as a whole, rosette-like, the ribbons of wax rather long, curving outward and downward. Lateral fringe semi-transparent and agglomerated. - .-p/wimosus (52). The secretion a submarginal series of appressed wax rods rising almost vertically for some distance above case, then bending downward and outward to leaf, central dorsum with secretion either plate-like or granular. Pupa-case dark to yellow-brown; elliptical; 1.3 by 0.6 mm.; the central dorsal secretion when granular, lying thicker along medio-dorsal line and mesad of submarginal fringe. hutchingsi (61). Ill. Pupa-case evident, and without lateral fringe. Pupa-case more or less marked with brown or black, but not uniformly. With dorsal secretion of wax from distinct pores or papillee. The secretion, a submarginal series of brittle more or less curving waxen rods. Pupa-case yellowish to whitish, with broad, longitudinal medio-dorsal band of dark brown; elliptical, 0.7 by 0.43 mm; Taised om vertical fringe. .........-..----.-- fitchi (53). Pupa-case greenish white, but with a row on each side of more or less brownish spots; elliptical, 0.83 by 0.57 mm. The glassy rods, from very closely set submarginal papillz, and frequently as long as case is wide - ------ floridensis (54). Pupa-case with a longitudinal medio-dorsal stripe, and a sub- marginal area of varying width, whitish, otherwise brown, deepest laterad of central stripe; elliptical, 0.75 by 0.52 mm. The submarginal series of waxen rods rather short. No MERCH Urine 2s ae FS 2 ee Soci ape eeins vittatus (55). Pupa-case brown with marginal rim, sutures, and vasiform orifice transparent, yellow, elliptical, 0.93 by 0.6 mm.; dor- sum flat, punctate; marginal rim with a series of large Prapliceee setae a eee PS eke wae wellmanex (45). The secretion in part a submarginal series of sheathed bundles of small, curling, white waxen rods, from distinct groups of rather small pores. 484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII, Pupa-case with marginal, somewhat wedge-shaped, dashes of brown; two broad, longitudinal, interrupted, sub-dorsal bands of brown; subovate; 1.79 by 1.26 mm. A central and two lateral longitudinal matted exudations of wax. A very high -verticalininee 2-24.45 ee seen altissimus (56). The secretion a submarginal series of glassy, curved, waxen rods from papillze or pores, and similar rods more or less promiscuous on dorsum from circular pores. Pupa-case yellowish to whitish, but with frequently a brown- ish coloration along dorsi-meson; elliptical; 0.72 by 0.45 mm. On the thorax the pores are promiscuous, but along abdo- men are inclined to occur in longitudinal rows. Adults with wings marked with smoky black --......--.--.-.- rolfsii (34). Dorsal secretion when present in form of a whitish, mealy exuda- tion, or in extreme cases a matted plate of wax covering entire dorsum. Pupa-case brown to brownish black, with 3 more or less evi- dent transverse stripes of whitish: one at cephalic end, one at middle, and one at caudal end, crossing vasiform orifice. Ovate, to broadly elliptical, about 1.5 mm. long. Case raised quite high on vertical fringe of wax, about as high as one=haligwidthaoh: cases as24-es=eee eee ee eee forbesii (17). Without dorsal secretion of wax. Pupa-case yellowish brown, and with more or less interrupted stripes of dark brown along dorsi-meson; oblong to elliptical; 1 by 0.46 mm. On each side of median rounded keel, along abdomen, are large, irregular, toothed impressions, usually a pair to each segment. In adult male wings immaculate; eyes divided; antenna with a long terminal process. graminicola (21). *“Larva (pupa-case?) plane above and beneath; elevation about one-third the length, periphery vertical; pale flavous; the larger individuals with a conspicuous dorsal vitta.’’ abutiloneus (60). Pupa-case wholly black, or with a yellow triangular patch near the anterior margin and a small spot of the same color near the posterior margin.-....----...-----struthanthi (63). Pupa-case dorsally black, but with a very broad lemon-yellow or whitish marginal area; oval somewhat over a millimeter long. Adult, with eyes completely divided; wings with suffused dusky spot at end of vein, more evident on cephalic OEE 18's SE es eter Cem 8 ete aureocinctus (6). Pupa-case white, central region brown, color extending cephalad in two conspicuous prongs; each segment with a great number of black dots. Case broadly elliptical, cephalic margin truncate, 1.4 by 1.03 mm., with a short, vertical AIA PG Sarat OLE et Fie EE i amnicola (33). Pupa-case yellow to smoky brown, darker in central region, broadly elliptical, 1.83 by 1 mm. Dorsum with minute black spots and a longitudinal row of depressions on each side of dorsi-meson, usually a pair to each segment. Adults, WANS Ss walt oe clus keyg S oO tsa eee pruinosus (3). Pupa-case uniformly black. The dorsal secretion a submarginal series of glassy, curling, waxen rods from distinct pores or papillee. —_ NO. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 485 Pupa-case ovate, about 0.8 mm. long. The glassy, waxen rods in some cases almost if not quite as long as case is wide. Case with conspicuous vertical fringe. Adults with immacu- late wings, eyes not completely divided _____- ruborum (35). The dorsal secretion a submarginal series of short, truncate, white, waxy ribbons, with a more central secretion of columnar appearance. Pupa-case shiny black, subelliptical, 0.92 by 0.66 mm. The submarginal ribbons extending out at an angle of about 45°, giving appearance of an elliptical crown -...- coronatus (11). Without dorsal secretion. Pupa-case dull black, subelliptical, narrowed at both ends, and prolonged caudad into a pointed lobe; 0.9 by 0.6 mm. Dorsal disk larger than ventral, and the marginal rim of wax tubes bent downward and inward ___.___- nigrans (43). Pupa-case iridescent-black. The dorsal secretion a submarginal series of glassy, waxen rods from distinct pores or papillee, with a more mesal secretion of small, stellate whorls of white, waxen ribbons in four longitu- dinal lines. Pupa-case elliptical, 1.2 by 0.7 mm.; the submarginal fringe about one-half width of case. Adults with immaculate ALES EGER Ce sp 0 0 CS 0 es i iridescens (1). Pupa-case uniformly yellowish or whitish. Without waxy secretion of any kind. Pupa-case pale straw yellow, somewhat darker toward center, elliptical, 1.25 by 1 mm. Margin finely and densely wrin- kled all around, the wrinkles extending radially inward to about one-half the length to the middle line, on the sides. Vasiform orifice darker than surrounding area, unequally TEE UE Lea eae eee eee ee ee ee a ak I pyrole (32). Pupa-case (empty) colorless, oval, 0.75 mm. long. Margin radiately striate. Vasiform orifice an elongated triangle, the two sides nearly straight, and nearly twice as long as _ base. Lingula elongate sub-spatulate. No conspicuous submar- ginal orifices. Adult with immaculate wings; head and entire body deep orange-yellow; legs pale lemon yellow. Eyes jet black, each one completely divided - -herbericola (7). Pupa-case whitish, elliptical, 1 by 0.61 mm. Flat, marginal wax tubes evident. Vasiform orifice sub-cordate witbout corrugations; lingula terminating in sub-circular lobe. nephrolepidis (66). Pupa-case yellow to lighter, ovate, narrowed caudad; 0.81 by 0.55 mm. Somewhat convex, marginal wax tubes obscure. Vasiform orifice subtriangular, inner lateral margins corru- gated; lingula arrow-shaped distally... ---- inconspicuus (23). Pupa-case light yellow. Fore-wings of adults with a dark spot AMGistAlmendeotsvelne ck sews. cee eae young? (64). Secretion present. Dorsal secretion a submarginal series of glassy, curved, waxen rods from distinct pores of papillee, and a more dorsal secretion of very long, tapering, curved, waxen rods, in pairs, from large cireular pores. Proc, N, M. vol. xxvii—03 » ° 486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. Pupa-case yellowish, oval to elliptical; about 0.76 by 0.48 mm. The submarginal wax tubes rather short and blunt. The very long rods from dorsum occurring; a pair very close to cephalic margin, a pair on cephalic region, a pair on tho- racic region; two pairs on abdominal region; a pair at caudal end; and a pair just within margin, from caudo-lateral region. In adults rostrum reaching nearly to abdomen. Wang stinamicilleite see sae ee ee vaporariorum (39). Dorsal secretion a thin, white wax pellicle, to which is attached a submarginal series of long, glassy, curved, waxen rods from dis- tinct papillee, and a more mesal secretion of shorter, similar rods from large circular pores. Pupa-case yellow, elliptical, 0.85 by 0.6 mm., raised on vertical fringe of white wax. Vasiform orifice with rounded inden- ture and finger-like process caudad; lingula with three lateral lobes and a distal lobe. In adults, wings immaculate. alacialis (40). With a rather copious, white, dorsal secretion. Pupa-case yellowish, elliptical, 0.86 by 0.53 mm., with a short, downward curving, pearly white submarginal secretion of wax, hiding margin of case, and three prominent, more cen- tral, inward-curving columns set in a triangle. Operculum : considerably broader than long; lingula spatulate, withtwo | pairs of setes near distal end 2227s es eee eee persexe (57). 3 pergandei. See above. Pupa-case yellow, elliptical, 1.25 by 1 mm., raised on a very short, vertical fringe of white wax, with a submarginal series of broad, downward curving, pearly white, waxen ribbons, and a more mesal secretion forming a plate over the dorsum; the secretion, as a whole, covering case-kelloggi (14). Dorsal secretion a variable submarginal series of glassy, curved rods from distinct pores or papillee. Pupa-case yellowish, elliptical, 0.65 by 0.36 mm., raised on vertical fringe of white wax. Vasiform orifice with rounded indenture caudad; lingula four-fifths length of orifice, with three pairs of lateral lobes and a distal lobe. In adults, wings bm Claeys ea eens ae ay ee ee eee variabilis (58). roljsii. See above. Dorsal secretion a thin, white wax pellicle, to which is attached a single, submarginal series of broad, short, glassy, waxen rods closely appressed to margin; or longer, more slender and tapering, waxen rods with a variable number of very long rods among them; each from a distinct papille. Pupa-case yellow, elliptical, 0.96 by 6 mm., raised on vertical fringe of white wax. Vasiform orifice with rounded indenture and finger-like process caudad; lingula with three lateral lobes and a distal lobe. In adults, wings immaculate ---.-fentaculatus (5). Without dorsal secretion. ; Pupa-case yellow, broadly elliptical, convex, 1.15 by 0.83 mm. A short, more or less slanting, fringe all around of white wax, doubtless homologous with vertical fringe. Vasiform orifice broadly ovate, lingula spatulate. Dorsum void of pores and papille. In adults, wings with a distal dusky spot. : spireoides (59), “a NO. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 487 1. ALEYRODES IRIDESCENS, new species. Plate XX VII, figs. 1—2a. Fgg.—Yellowish brown, slightly curved, unmarked; pedicel short at one side of base on the convex curve. Larva.—(Stage 1.) Size, about 0.25 by 0.11 mm.; elliptical; pale yellow. Dorsum with a narrow, thickened, uncrenulated marginal rim which bears a series of nine pairs of short, delicate hairs set in conical base; three of these seven pairs are lateral and extend from the latero-cephalic margin about one-half the length of larva; the remaining two pairs are the usual caudal and latero-caudal hairs; besides these there are five pairs of long, tapering, hollow, dorsal spines, a pair on cephalic segment, a pair on the meso-thorax, a pair on the meta-thorax, a pair just within the caudal margin, and a pair of delicate tubercled hairs caudad of the cephalic margin. Vasiform orifice, subcircular, minute; operculum the same shape and filling the orifice; lingula minute, barely visible through the operculum. Mouth parts large, sete more than one-half the length of the insect. Eye-spots red, divided, the posterior lobe round and the larger of the two. Legs and antenne functional. Larva.—(Stage 2.) Abdominal segments distinct along dorsi-meson; two crescent-shaped thickenings in tergum, cephalad of the vasiform orifice. Lateral hairs, dorsal spines, eyespots, legs and antenne have disappeared. In other respects as in Stage 1. Larva.—(Stage 3.) The more cephalic of the flattened filaments of each stellate whorl of the dorsal exudation much longer than the others. Smaller than the pupa-case, in other respects the same. Pupa-case.—Length, 1.2 mm.; width, 0.7 mm.; elliptical, somewhat narrow caudad. Color, on leaf, under hand lens, shining black; under microscope, by reflected light, it shows a most exquisite iridescence. The case is flat upon the leaf and has neither lateral nor ventral secre- tion, but there is a long, downward-curving fringe from a series of pores near the mesal border within the marginal rim, made up of separate, tapering, transparent rods which are more than one-half the width of the case. In dry specimens the rods are often joined together at the base, thus making a continuous fringe. The most striking characteristic of this species is the arrangement of the dorsal exuda- tion in stellate whorls of filaments or flat rays, which form a beautiful, flower-like pattern repeated many times in four longitudinal, sub- parallel lines, the outer pair of which correspond to the shape of case and contain twenty-four whorls, much larger than those of the inner lines; the inner lines have about twenty whorls each; along the abdominal keel the latter are so close together that the whorls are massed, forming a single line. Dorsum flat, with a longi-medial keel, which is rounded on the abdomen and sharply ridged from there 488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, Vou. xxvit. cephalad to its arrow-shaped anterior end; between the keel and the marginal rim there is a depressed, flat space. Upon the dorsum there are rows of tubereles, or cylindrical papille, which correspond in position with the stellate whorls of wax. In the outer rows there are thirteen pairs; on the abdominal keel there are six pairs, very close together; caudo-laterad of these is another pair; laterad of the first pair of tubercles on the anterior abdominal segment is a pair; on the metathorax is a pair; on the prothorax near the median line is a pair, and more laterad, near the cephalic suture is another pair; on the cephalic region there are two pairs, the caudal pair more mesad; between the vasiform orifice and the caudal margin of case there is a pair, the inner borders of which form the lateral margins of the fur- row. Lateral wax tubes, deflexed to meet the ventral dise, form a plainly demarked marginal rim; a second, and superimposed, row of large wax tubes seem to show in specimens which are partially cleared in Labarraque; the dorsal, submarginal fringe comes from a row of pores mesad of the latter tubes. Crenulations of the marginal rim, regular, minute, and round, with acute reentrant angles; from these thickenings extend mesad, producing a rather irregularly marked mar- gin. At the caudal end of case and on each side between meso- and meta-thorax there are some crenulations larger than usual and altered in shape; from these points on the margin there is a furrow leading within the case; here it widens into an air-chamber from which the second and third pairs of spiracles open. Dorsum between rim and outer row of tubercles, striate, the lines formed of minute depressions, mid-dorsal area of case more or less marked with reticulated lines; abdominal segments distinct along central area. Thorax and cephalic region with many transverse ridges; these include segmental divisions and outlines of legs; laterad of the ante- rior pair of tubercles is a pair of small pores, and another pair at the vasiform orifice. The usual caudal, latero-caudal, and cephalo- marginal hairs are not present. Vasiform orifice broadly ovate, cephalic margin straight, caudal end broadly rounded, emarginate at the median line; laterally there is a conspicuous, double, marginal rim, and the space not covered by the operculum is overlaid with semicircular, heavily chitinized folds; operculum about four-fifths length of orifice, subovate, distal ead somewhat pointed, cephalic margin not coincident with that of orifice; lingula shorter than the operculum, cylindrical at base, broadly spatulate at distal portion, which bears three lateral lobes. Adult female.—Length of body, about 1.4 mm.; fore wing, 1.4 by 0.5 mm.; hind wing, 1.13 by 0.5 mm.; hind tibia, 0.48 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.28; proximal segment, 0.15 mm; abdomen, pale yellow; head and thorax, deep yellow; legs, antennze, and mentum dusky; eyes, dark red, divided. Wings, immaculate, costal margin bright yellow; main 8 No, 1362. ALEYVRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 489 veins about seven-eighths length of wing; in the front wing, distad of flexure, the main vein gradually becomes less distinct; the basal vein- let arises at very base of wing and is short; vein of hind wing, straight. Antenne with segment 1, cup-shaped, as broad as long; segment 2, pyriform, slender, bearing a number of delicate hairs set in conspicu- ous conical bases; segments 3 to 6, inclusive, cylindrical and closely ringed with minute hairs. Genitalia usual. Male.—Lenegth, 1.5 mm.; fore wing, 1.6 by 0.75 mm.; hind wing, 1.33 by 0.56 mm.; hind tibia, 0.5 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.25 mm.; prox- imal segment, 0.16 mm. Genitalia usual. In other respects, as in the female. This is the only instance where the author has found the male uniformly larger than the female. Cotypes.-—No. 7084, U.S.N.M. Collected on Rhamnus californica, Umbellularia californica, and Heteromeles arbutifolia, from the Santa Clara Valley and the slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains; also on Rhamnus crocea, Arctostaphylos manzanita from King’s Mountain, and on Arctostaphylos from the Yosemite Valley. All the immature stages are on the under sides of the leaves, while the pupa-cases are found frequently on the upper sides. In view of the fact that the larvee are able to move about in their first stage only, it is puzzling to find a supposedly fixed stage isolated in this manner. Eges were collected in April and May, 1901, and again in Septem- ber and October of the same year; the other stages within a week later. Verified adults not common, but a few were bred out the last week in April, 1902. 2. ALEYRODES SPLENDENS, new species. Plate XXXVI, fig. 68, and Plate XX XVII, fig. 69. Egg.—Size, about 0.18 by 0.98; dark yellow, unmarked, pedicel long, at one side of the base on the convex curve. Larva.—(Stage 1.) Size, about 0.26 by 0.15 mm.; oval, pale trans- parent yellow; a narrow, solid band of white wax around the margin. There is an uncrenulated, thickened, marginal rim bearing nine pairs of hairs set in conical bases; of these, seven pairs are lateral and reach from the cephalic margin about one-half the distance toward the caudal _end; the remaining pairs are the usual caudal and latero-caudal hairs. Dorsum free from secretion, convex, and with five pairs of spines; a pair on the cephalic region, two pairs on the thorax, and a pair on the abdomen, about midway between the first segment and the vasiform orifice. Abdominal segments barely visible. Vasiform orifice and operculum as in pupa-case; lingula minute, spatulate, hidden by oper- culum. Eyespots single, red. Legs and antenne, functional. Larva.—(Stage 2.) Size, about 0.4 by 0.27 mm.; elliptical; shining, pale golden brown; lateral fringe of white, waxen threads, ragged dis- 490) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXVIL. tally. Dorsum free from secretion, convex; no marginal rim, but the lateral wax tubes are distinct, crenulations broad and round, reentrant angles acute. There are four pairs of dorsal spines; a pair that are short and stout on the cephalic region; two pairs of long, curved ones on the thorax; and a pair that are short and slender at the vasiform orifice; caudal and latero-caudal hairs, and vasiform orifice as in pupa- ase. Legs, antennze, and eyespots not visible. Larva.—(Stage 3.) Size, about 0.6 by 0.45 mm.; elliptical; under hand lens, shining brown-black; under microscope by transmitted light, smoky-brown with darker spots on outer part, the abdominal segments outlined with dark brown and each with many minute, transparent dots. Central dorsum very convex, no marginal rim, but the flutings of the lateral wax tubes are very prominent nearly to the body sutures, the margin is crenulated, incisions deep and acute, the ends of the tubes rounded distally. Spines as in stage 2, but short. Lateral fringe of wax rods somewhat overlaid with flocculent wax. Caudal and latero-caudal hairs, and vasiform orifice as in pupa-case. Legs, antenne, and eyespots not evident. Pupa-case.—Size, about 0.9 by 0.6 mm.; oval. Color, under hand lens, shining black; under microscope, deep brown, lighted by a nar- row, submarginal, oval stripe of semitransparent yellow; there are also two wedge-shaped, semitransparent places on the cephalic region, through which the red coloring of the eyespots show, and a pair of small, circular spaces on the third and fourth segments of the abdo- men. The copious, asbestiform, lateral fringe of white wax may extend out on leaf to more than the width of case; basally it is con- tinuous, distally ragged, and of unequal lengths. The similar dorsal secretion forms a second fringe which rises perpendicularly to a consid- erable height above the dorsum and then curves outward and down- ward—sometimes the ends curl under, making a roll; central dorsum free from secretion. Dorsum very convex, body sutures prominent; lateral wax tubes well developed, deflexed to ventral disk, making a vertical, rather high, marginal rim, which is narrowed at the caudal end of case; crenulations rounded distally, incisions deep, reentrant angles acute; mesad of the ends of the wax tubes is a row of small openings, one on the convex side of each tube. Dorsum with a longi- medial keel, crossed by a deep, transverse furrow on the thorax, on which are two pairs of small pores. The cephalo-marginal, latero- ‘audal, and caudal hairs are present, the latter longer than usual. Vasiform orifice small, subcircular, with cephalic margin almost straight; operculum relatively the same shape and size, filling the ori- fice; lingula obscured. On the ventral surface the reduced legs are evident; no trace of antenne. Adults.— Unknown. Cotypes.—No. 7085, U.S.N.M. NO. 1862. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 491 This species is not common where collecting has been done by the author. It was found in April and May, 1902, on campus of Leland Stanford Junior University, on the under sides of leaves from Rham- nus californica, together with A. 7ridescens and A. wellmane. In July, 1902, the author collected a number of pupa-cases on an unnamed man- zanita in the Yosemite Valley; in the latter place the species was much more numerous. 3. ALEYRODES PRUINOSUS, new species. Plates XX XITI-X XXIV, figs. 40-55. Egg.—Y ellow-brown in color; subpyriform, pointed at base, which is prolonged into a long stalk; chorion firm. Late embryo.—(Within the eggshell.) Color yellow, eyespots red, divided, the smaller of each pair round, more lateral and anterior; the larger lobe not so definite in shape. Near the basal part of egg there is a broad, irregular, orange-colored mass which extends almost the width of the shell; anteriorly it is divided into two rounded lobes; this mass corresponds to the visceral glands seen in the larvee. Lin- gula distinct, agrees with older specimens. The anterior pair of legs readily made out. Larva.—(Stage 1.) Size, 0.4 by 0.23 mm.; subelliptical, slightly pointed caudad; color, whitish yellow; lateral fringe about one-third the width of larva, continuous at base but distally divided into irregu- lar plates. Dorsum free from wax, very convex, marginal crenula- tions shallow and regularly rounded; lateral margins with seven pairs of long, delicate, equally spaced hairs, which begin at cephalic margin and extend about two-thirds of the distance toward the caudal end; the caudal and latero-caudal hairs are very long, and between them is a third pair of short hairs. Vasiform ortice broadly ovate, nearly as wide as long, lateral margins straight, apex truncate at latero-cephalic margin; operculum similar in shape, not quite one-half as long as orfice, with a pair of spines on the free, distal end; lingula spatulate, nearly or quite as long as the orifice, usually protruded and dorsally recurved; dorsum convex and densely covered with minute, blunt spines, or tubes, and with a series of hairs which are much longer than usual on the lateral and caudal margins; near the apex and attached to the ventral surface is a pair of conspicuously broad and long spines; these are usually sickle-shaped and curved toward each other; on the lateral margins is a pair of spines similar to the sub- apical ones, while on the apex is a pair of blunt tubes and a pair of long hairs (Plate XX XIII, figs. 46-47). The abdominal sutures are distinct along the dorsi-meson, the posterior ones reflexed caudad. Eyespots large and bright red. Legs and antenne functional. Larva.—Size, 0.53 by 0.35 mm.; color a pale dusky brown; abdom- inal seements distinct along the central dorsum. Lateral hairs, legs, 492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. and antenne have disappeared from view, and the mouthparts are much smalier. In other respects as in stage 1. Pupa-case.—Size, 1.33 by 1mm.; broadly elliptical, very convex, slightly narrower at the cephalic region; caudal end truncate, emar- ginate, and bent abruptly to the leaf. Color smoky brown, sometimes yellow, darker over the developing pupa or parasite; leg outlines con- spicuous. The entire dorsum is rugose, and marked with more or less radially arranged thickenings or reticulations, which show as minute, blackish dots; on each segment from the vasiform orifice to the mouthparts there are two parallel rows of depressions of irregular outline, bounded cephalad by the margin of the preceding segment. Case very convex and with a medio-dorsal keel; there is neither dor- sal nor lateral secretion, and the vertical fringe is very short. The marginal rim is lacking, and the wax tubes are not evident except at extreme margin, crenulations shallow and irregular; abdominal su- tures conspicuous, the posterior ones reflexed caudad. - The cephalo- marginal hairs are minute, the caudal and latero-caudal hairs are present, but their relative lengths are reversed, the latero-caudal being much the longer. Just within the caudal margin is a pair of short, delicate hairs, and a similar pair is found at vasiform orifice. Scat- tered over the dorsum are a number of small pores. Vasiform orifice outlined by a dark rim; subovate almost as broad as long, the distal end bluntly rounded, lateral margins with corrugations, or folds, extending downward and inward; operculum one-half length of orifice, sub-semielliptical, cephalic margin straight, caudal end usually trun- cate but occasionally rounded and somewhat pointed; color brown; dorsal surface covered with closely set, minute hairs; lingWa nearly the length of orifice, cylindrical, the distal two-fifths somewhat enlarged and arrow-shaped, thickly setose, and terminating in two straight setee, which reach beyond the caudal end of orifice; a pair of sete is also found on the lateral margins. Cephalad of the orifice is a thick- ened prolongation of the outline of the lingula, which reaches nearly to the two crescent-shaped thickenings in tergum, and caudad a narrow furrow extends from orifice to margin of case. Rudimentary legs distinct on the ventral surface. Eyespots divided, the anterior lobe smaller, color bright red. Adult female.—Length of body, 1.8 mm.; fore-wing, 1.7 by 0.8 mm.; hind wing, 1.6 by 0.6 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.25; color, yellow with strongly chitinized places which make brown markings; segment 1 of abdomen has three longitudinal stripes; between segments 1 and 2, on line of suture, there is a transverse stripe; segment 2 has two lateral longitudinal curved bands the length of segment, between these are two sub-crescent-shaped, lighter colored patches, not as long as the lateral bands, with concave side of the crescents toward the median line; segments 3 and 4 have each two broad, transverse bands No. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 493 ned arly their width, fheser: are not Conihinuens on median line; segments 5 and 7 have transverse bands as wide as the segments; from seg- ments 3 to 7, inclusive, the transverse bands become gradually longer; from segment 7 to genitalia, and surrounding the vasiform orifice, is a subcircular, broad band which is narrow cephalad of the orifice and much wider caudad of it; on the venter or latero-venter, there is a longitudinal stripe on segments + and 5, which are here curved con- spicuously both cephalad and caudad, making the lateral ends of the segments very much wider than in central dorsum. On venter there is a broad subcircular band which surrounds the latero-ventral parts of base of genitalia; at the caudal end cephalad of this are two trans- verse dashes of brown. Thorax with transverse bands on each seg- ment. Head also strongly marked. Legs, antenne, and mentum dusky and marked. Operculum and lingula brown, densely setose. The eyes are red and divided, the lobes subrectangular and separated by a wedge-shaped space, which in the live insects is covered with white granules of wax; ocelli conspicuous. Fore-wing with two dusky spots; one, a narrow band on the anal side at flexure, the other larger at and including the apex of vein which is here curved toward the anal margin; basal veinlet arises near the base of main vein and is short; there is a long, oblique anal fold which reaches nearly to the margin; hindwing with but one dusky patch, this at and including the apex of vein. Antenne about 0.5 mm. long; segment 1, cup- shaped; segment 2, pyriform; segments 3 to 7, inclusive, subcy inn eal, closely ringed with minute hairs; segment 7, with finger-like process and hair at tip. Mentum with apex dark brown, median seoment the shortest. Genitalia ordinary. Male. Length of body, 1.7 mm.; fore-wing, 1.7 by 0.7 mm.; hind wing, 1.6 by 0.6 mm.; the latero- aol longitudinal stripe of ae n extends from the middle of the second segment partly through the seventh segment, from it toward venter the segments are outlined by dark stripes. Genitalia ordinary. In other respects as in the female. Cotypes.—No. 7086, U.S.N.M. Collected on /eteromeles arbutifolia by Mr. Edward Ehrhorn, at Avalon, Catalina Islands, Southern California; and by the auther on campus, Leland Stanford Junior University. The specimens were found on the under side of the leaves massed in large numbers, and together with the leaves were very thickly coated with granules of white wax, which readily dissolved in alcohol. The pupa-cases were Bonspicuonsly purplish in color when 77 s/tu. From April 16 to May 16, 1902, the adults were seen emerging from the pupa-cases in great mambers and depositing their eggs. Many of the leaves were incrusted with the immature forms and as a consequence were bent and dry. 494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Ff 4. ALEYRODES AEPIM Goldi. Aleyrodes aepim Goup1, Mittheil. Schweitz. entom. Gesellsch., VII, 1886, p. 250. On Manihot palmata (** Aepim,” ‘* Mandioca doce’) Rio de Janeiro. 5. ALEYRODES TENTACULATUS, new species. Plate XX XI, fig. 26-30a. Larva.—(Described from moult). Size, 0.38 by 0.16 mm.; thin, transparent and white; elliptical; the dorsum free from pores and papille; there is a pair of long, curved sete on the caudal margin and a pair of shorter ones on the latero-cephalic margin of the operculum. Lingula as long as orifice, spatulate and enlarged distally; the lateral margins show faint traces of the three lateral lobes and the terminal lobe characteristic of the pupal stage. Larva.—Size, 0.4 by 0.23 mm.; elliptical, whitish yellow, thin and semi-transparent; the dorsum has neither pores nor papille and is void of all secretion; caudal margin bears a pair of long, curved spines set in conspicuous, tubercled bases; antenne minute, slender, and with a notch near the tip. In other respects as in pupa-case. Pupa-case.—Size varies from 0.83 by 0.56 mm. to 0.96 by 0.7 mm.; elliptical, narrowed at thoracic region and tapering somewhat to the cephalic margin; caudad the case narrows more abruptly, and the caudal end is somewhat emarginate to meet the furrow which extends from it to the vasiform orifice; color yellow, sometimes brown from the presence of fungus or a parasite; the empty case is a white, semi- transparent film. There is no lateral fringe, but the case rests upona rather high, vertical, ventral fringe of coalesced, white wax rods; the dorsal secretion is a submarginal series of separate, glassy, white wax rods, which are short, tapering, and flattened somewhat, as they are closely appressed to the margin of case, or it is composed of a series of longer and more slender rods, interspersed with very much longer and stouter similar wax rods; this latter type is not appressed to the margin of case, but bends downward slightly toward the leaf. The dorsum is convex and marked with more or less radially arranged thickenings, or reticulations; sutures distinct nearly, or quite, to the marginal rim, thoraco-abdominal one sinuate, posterior ones of abdo- men strongly reflexed caudad. There is a well-defined marginal rim, within which is a single, usually regular, row of about one hundred closely set, large, conical papillee, which have a diameter of nearly the width of the rim. Scattered among the papille, and mesad of them, are three rather definitely arranged rows of small pores; besides these there is a longitudinal row on each side of the dorsi-meson from the vasiform orifice cephalad, with a pair to each segment on the abdomen; this same order seems to obtain also on the thorax, but the segments are not well enough defined to verify it; many small pores are also NO. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 495 scattered over the entire dorsum. The marginal crenulations are rounded and have acute reentrant angles; at the caudal margin, on a line with the furrow, the crenulations are pointed and closely crowded together. There is a pair of short, tapering hairs cephalo-laterad of the vasiform orifice, the usual latero-caudal hairs are short. delicate. and set in tubercled bases, but the conspicuous caudal spines, usually found in Aleyrodids of this type, were not present in any of the numerous specimens examined. Within the abdomen are two large, orange-colored visceral glands. Vasiform orifice broadly conical, bounded dorsally by a dark raised rim, its inner lateral and caudal margins with conspicuous corrugations or folds, extending downward and inward; caudal end emarginate and with a median lobe or process; operculum subovate, more than one-half length of orifice; dorsum con- vex and covered with minute hairs; lingula well developed, spatulate, about two-thirds as long as the orifice, distal portion with three pairs of lateral lobes and a terminal emarginate lobe; on each side, in the angle between the distal lateral and the apical lobe, there is a long seta which projects caudad beyond the orifice, the entire organ densely setose; cephalad the outline is prolonged to the two pairs of crescent- shaped thickenings in the tegument of dorsum, which are more strongly chitinized and darker colored than usual. On the ventral surface the rudimentary legs are evident, but no trace of the antennz can be seen. Evespots dark red, divided into two round lobes. Late pupa. (Male dissected from pupa-case). Abdomen _ pale yellow; head and thorax pale dusky-brown; legs and antennz white; wings immaculate; eyes black and constricted, very broad; antenne four-segmented; segment one, cup-shaped, broader than long; segment two, pyriform, densely setose, with stout hairs scattered over it; seg- ment three, subcylindrical, very long and narrow, insertion with seg- ment two very slender; central part somewhat constricted; near the distal end there is a stout rather blunt spine; segment four, closely ringed with minute hairs. Mentum very long, dusky-brown; apex darker. Wings too crumpled to describe in detail. Abdomen with two, large, orange-colored glands. Genitalia ordinary. Adult female.—Body too distorted to measure accurately; forewing, 1.3 by 0.6 mm.; hind wing, 0.9 by 0.5 mm. Forewing with one rather large dusky spot at and including end of main vein; basal vein- let arising at some distance from the base of the wing; main vein with but a single flexure and not curved at apex; hindwing with dusky spot as in forewing, vein straight; abdomen pale yellow, head and throax darker; eyes large, reniform, by transmitted light, brown-black; antenne usual, segment seven without notch and with an apical hair. Genitalia ordinary. The dusky spot on wings which is present in the adult, but not seen in the late pupa, may need the action of the air to render it visible. 496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Cotypes.—No. 7087, U.S.N.M. Specimens have been found on the leaves of Quercus densiflora and Quercus agrifolia together with A. coronatus and A. gelatinosus,; also on Clematis ligusticifolia, Opulaster capitatus, Lonicera involucrata, and Rhus diversiloba; the latter shrub was examined in Alameda during the last week in August, 1901, many adults were flying around and resting upon it, but as there were other species of pupa-cases upon the adjacent food plants, it was deemed best not to assume that the adults were A. tentacula. From the pupa-cases which were isolated, only the one female from which description was made, was bred out; also there was but one pupa-case found upon which there was a moult, although pupa-cases have been found at all seasons during a year. This species is rather common but not plentiful, seldom more than two being found upon a leaf. 6. ALEYRODES AUREOCINCTUS (Cockerell). Aleyrodes aureocincta CocKERELL, Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1897, p. 42. On Aguilegia, Organ Mountains, New Mexico. 7. ALEYRODES BERBERICOLA Cockerell. Aleyrodes berbericola CocKERELL, Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1896, p. 207. On a shrubby Berber’s, Mescalero Reservation, Tularosa Creek, New Mexico. 8. ALEYRODES CITRI Riley and Howard. Aleyrodes citri Riney and Howarp, Insect Life, V (1893), pp. 219-226. Food plants: Orange, Melia azederach, Viburnum nudum, Cape Jas- samine, and occasionally on Quercus aquatica. Florida, Louisiana, and greenhouses generally. 9. ALEYRODES COCKERELLI von Ihering. Aleyrodes cockerelli von lneRING, ‘‘Os Piolhos Vegetaes do Brazil.’’ Revista do Museu Paulisto, N. H., 1897, p. 395. On Baccharis pauciflosculosa, Sio Paulo, Brazil. 10. ALEYRODES CORNI Haldeman. Aleyrodes corni HALDEMAN, Am. Jn. of Sci. and Arts, [IX (1850), p. 109.—Ste- NoreEt, Ann. de la Soc. Entom. de France, Dec., 1867, p. 398. ‘*Size and general appearance of A. abutilonea,; body pale flavous; eyes black; wings pure white, without bands. Pennsylvania in Sep- tember and October; the larva and imago on the inferior surface of the leaves of Cornus amomum. ‘* Larva flavous, the disk of the larger individuals dark brown; the margin is ciliate with white. A great many are destroyed in the larva state by Amtus cornd Hald.” -—- _~ ~I No. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 4 11. ALEYRODES CORONATUS (Quaintance.) Plate XX VIII, fig. 9. For further description see reference. Only those stages not included by Quaintance, in his paper already referred to, or variations from his description, will be given here. Larva.—(Just from egg, April 19, 1901.) Size, 0.88 by 0.15 mm.; elliptical; semitransparent white; neither dorsal nor lateral secretion; dorsum convex and with a distinct noncrenulated, marginal rim, bear- ing from seven to nine pairs of delicate, lateral hairs, which extend from the latero-cephalic margin about one-half the distance to the caudal end; the usual caudal and latero-caudal hairs are present and are relatively long, and there is a pair of shorter ones at the vasiform orifice. Abdominal sutures distinct to the marginal rim. Vasiform orifice prominent, subcircular; operculum short, lingula obscured by it. Eye-spots large, single, bright red. Legs and antenn functional, the former with digitule-like hairs on tarsi. As the larvee grow older they become flatter, except along the dorsi- meson. There is much variation in the lateral secretion, which is as great among larve of the same stage as in different stages; this fringe may be entirely wanting, some specimens have only a narrow band of solid wax closely appressed to the margin, others a narrow fringe of separate, glassy rods set far apart, while still others have a fringe one- half the width of dorsum, made up of separate rods of transparent, white wax, which taper to a point and are twisted, or even coiled upon themselves, in various directions. Pupa-case.—Size variable, 0.9 by 0.67 mm. to 1.1 by 0.9 mm.; with a few exceptions these cases are surrounded by a broad sloping ring of gelatinous substance; this secretion melts when heated, but rehard- ens as soon as it begins to cool and is difficult to remove; xylol, or absolute alcohol, does not entirely dissolve it unless the cases are coy- ered for some time; the dorsal wax can be brushed off, and is quickly melted in hot water or weak alcohol. There,are three pencils of opaque, white wax lying upon the gelatinous mass and extending to its distal margin. One of these is from the median line of the caudal margin, the other two are from the meso-thorax and extend almost at right angles from the case; these pencils are very conspicuous, and have been found on every perfect specimen examined. On the dorsum of specimens which have been partially cleared in caustic potash there are many pores which vary in size with the amount of clearing. Around the case isa single, equally spaced submarginal row; mesad of this row there are scattered, single, larger ones; on the cephalic region there is a transverse row of eight pores; caudad of these is a pair, one pore on each side of the dorsi-meson; on the meta-thorax 498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XVI, there are two transverse lines, each containing six pores, and latero- cephalad of these are two pairs; on the abdomen, each side of the dor- sal keel, are two longitudinal rows of pores, the inner row of six and the outer with five; on the second abdominal segment there is an additional pore on each side, thus making a transverse row of six pores instead of the usual number. Adult female.—(Bred from pupa-case.) Length of body, 1.1 mm.; fore wing, 1.05 by 0.65 mm.; hind tibia, 0.4mm.; hind tarsus, 0.2 mm. Abdomen whitish yellow, head and thorax darker, legs and antennz white; wings immaculate, main veins to apex; in the fore wing the flexure is very slight and the veinlet arises near the base of the wing; between the veinlet and the anal margin there is a conspicuous, oblique fold; in the hind wing the vein is straight. Antenne, length formula, 3-7-5-6-4; segment one, short, about as long as broad, cup-shaped; segment two, pyriform, densely setose and with a number of short spines set in tubercled bases. Genitalia usual. Aleyrodes coronatus has been found in varying numbers upon every live oak examined and is widely distributed in California, specimens having been received from San Diego to Mendocino counties. It seems to be more liable to the attack of fungus than any other species which has been under observation; material from widely separated localities and from different hosts, suffering equally. Frequently the leaves are so thickly covered with the immature forms that a solid crust is made upon the underside; such leaves are abnormally small, paler in color, and curled; sometimes only individual leaves on a tree are in this condition, and again all are infested, and the tree is stunted. Sollected on the live oak (Quercus agrifolia) by Mr. Edward M. Ehrhorn at San Jacinto and the Santa Catalina Islands, southern Califor- nia; by Mr. James MeMurphy at Albion Ridge, Mendocino County; and by the author in San Ramon Valley, Santa Clara Valley, Golden Gate Park, and in Alameda County in various places. Also collected by Mr. G. H. Coleman on the tan-bark oak (Quercus densiflora), at the head of the Big River Canyon, Mendocino County, June 6, 1901; and by the author on the same host plant, from the slopes and ridges of the Santa Cruz and Sierra Morena Ranges. This same species has also been found on /eteromeles arbutifolia and Arbutus menziesii on Kings Mountain, and in the Santa Clara Valley. The madrones along the roads leading from the San Ramon Valley to Haywards, Contra Costa County, were carefully examined in 1901, but this species was not found upon them; also collected by the author on the leaves of Quercus chrysolepis in the Yosemite Valley, in July, 1902. 12, ALEYRODES ERIGERONTIS Maskell. Aleyrodes erigerontis MasKELL, Trans. N. Z. Inst., 1895, p. 429; Entom. News, Vi, “ps 247. On an Lrigeron, Escalon, Mexico. No. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 499 13. ALEYRODES FILICIUM Goldi. Aleyrodes filicium Goupt, Mittheil, Schweitz. Entom. Gesellsch., VII (1886), p- 247; Ent. Mo. Mag., 1891, p. 44. On Asplenium cuneatum and other Brazilian ferns, in the botanic garden at Rio de Janeiro; also on Oleandra articulata and Pteris quad: riaurita in the fern house, Kew Gardens. 14. ALEYRODES KELLOGGI, new species. » Plate X XIX, figs. 13-16. Fyg.—Size, 0.2 by 0.09 mm.; yellowish, unmarked, pedicel short, at one side of base. The empty shells are dark brown and much crumpled. Larva.—(Stage 1.) Size, 0.3 by 0.1 mm.; elliptical; margin with a narrow band of white wax; color, semitransparent white. Dorsum free from secretion, convex, lateral margins with pairs of short hairs set in conical bases; besides these, there are the usual caudal and latero-caudal hairs, which are conspicuously long. Abdominal seg- ments distinct. Vasiform orifice as in pupa-case. Antenne and legs functional, the latter with long, digitule-like hairs. Larva.—(Stage 2.) Size, 0.4 by 0.25 mm.; elliptical; the dorsal secretion a submarginal, flat fringe, continuous at base but distally separated into irregular plates. Abdominal segments distinct, rounded along the dorsi-meson into a keel, crenulations of margin broad and shallow. Vasiform orifice subcordate; operculum short, subsemi- elliptical; dorsum setose; anterior margin straight, distal end with two conspicuous hairs on the lateral angles; lingula short, projecting beyond the operculum, strap-shaped, distal part covered with hairs. Reduced legs and antennx evident. Eye-spots small and dark red. Pupa-case.—Size, 1.3 by 0.87 mm.; broadly elliptical, narrowed cephalad; color, pale yellow; the central region darker. There is no lateral fringe; the case is raised some distance from the leaf upon a vertical, ventral fringe of coalesced, white wax rods and covered by the dorsal secretion with the exception of the vasiform orifice; this secre- tion consists of a central shell of thick, porous, pearly white wax, and a submarginal series of broad, opaque, white ribbons, which are irregular in width and raised into a high-arching, curved fringe, which entirely covers the margin of the case and, in many specimens, is curled under itself, making a roll. The ribbons are made up of from two to four thin sheets of wax closely appressed to each other; the different layers in each ribbon may come from separate sets of wax-secreting tubes; this seems extremely probable, as the yellow color of the case shows at the base between the sheets. The wax around the yasiform orifice is raised above the dorsal shell and forms a concave rim which meets the caudal ribbon and incloses the orifice. In nearly all the specimens 500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. the wax plate is divided transversely along the thoraco-abdominal suture. The dorsum is covered with minute pores, underlying which are relatively large, irregular, intersecting canals.“ It has a wide, conspic- uous, irregularly striate, marginal rim, which bears a row of minute, tubercled hairs. The crenulations of this rim are sharply pointed, inci- sions shallow and reentrant angles acute; mesad of the rim are three or four rather regular rows of small pores. The abdomen is rounded into a slight keel on the dorsi-meson, along which the sutures are distinct and the outlines of the legs are conspicuous. Vasiform orifice subcircular; its margin is a dark raised rim or fold which bounds the orifice on its lateral sides, but does not quite come together cephalad; on each inner, lateral edge of its cephalic margin, there is a short hair which projects into the open space within the orifice; the lining is laid in conspicuous, transverse folds. Operculum almost obsolete, subrectan- gular; cephalic margin, straight. Lingula very short, projecting slightly beyond the operculum; it is cylindrical at base and widened at the apex, which is densely setose. There isa pair of short spines latero- cephalad of the vasiform orifice; the latero-caudal hairs are present, so delicate that they are nearly invisible, but the usual caudal hairs are absent. Adults.—Unknown. Cotypes.—No. 7088, U.S.N.M. Collected on the under sides of the leaves of the Quercus agrifolia and Prunus ilicifolia in the Santa Clara County, and on the slopes of the Sierra Morena Range. On the former food plant only an occa- sional pupa-case has been found, but the leaves of the cherry are fre- quently incrusted with the immature forms. Verified adults have never been secured, although many pupa-cases were isolated. 15. ALEYRODES FLOCCOSUS (Maskell). Aleyrodes floccosa MAsKE.L, Trans. N. Z., Inst., 1895, p. 432. From Jamaica, on Lignum-vite, in company with A. stellata. 16. ALEYRODES ERRANS, new species. Plate XXX, figs. 20-21. Ligg.—Size, about 0.21 by 0.11 mm.; yellow, curved, shell unmarked. Pedicel short, slender, and on the convex curve at one side of truncate base. Larva.—(Stage 1.) Size 0.3 by 0.16 mm.; subelliptical, pale, semi- transparent yellow. Dorsum convex and bearing five pairs of spines— a pair of very long curved ones on the cephalic region; two pairs much shorter on the thorax; a pair on abdomen cephalad of the vasiform ori- «These may be spaces which, in the living inseet, are filled with wax; when freshly mounted specimens are examined the spaces are seen filled with air, NO. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 5OL fice and a pair latero-cephalad of it. The usual caudal and latero-caudal hairs are present, much longer than in other species. There is a dis- tinct thickened marginal rim, in which are two parallel rows of minute transparent spots; the lateral wax tubes seem to be wanting and there is no wax secretion of any kind; on the lateral margins of the rim are seven pairs of delicate hairs set in conical bases. These hairs are much longer than usual, and extend from the latero-cephalic margin, about one-half the distance to the caudal end. Vasiform orifice sub- circular, bounded by a dark rim; operculum relatively the same shape and size as orifice; lingula the length of orifice, enlarged distally, strap-shaped. Legs and antenne functional. Mouth parts large, sete more than one-half the length of larva. Larva.—(Stage 2.) Size, 0.45 by 0.3mm.; broadly elliptical in shape and of a yellowish-brown color mottled with dark spots. Dorsum flat, with a narrow lateral fringe of transparent rods, which are continuous at base but ragged distally; no dorsal exudation. Spines as in stage 1, except that the cephalic pair are wanting and the second and third pairs are very long. Lateral wax tubes distinct; crenulations of mar- gin shallow and rounded; marginal rim, latero-marginal hairs, legs, and antenne have disappeared from view. Larva. —(Stage 3.) Size, 0.5 by 0.45 mm. to 0.7 by 0.83 mm.; color, dark brown; by transmitted light, yellow or gray-brown. No mar- ginal rim, but the lateral wax tubes are bent downward to some extent, and the crenulations are relatively deeper than in the pupa-case. Hairs and spines as in stage 2, except that there is a pair of minute hairs on the cephalic region. Abdominal segments distinct along the dorsi- meson, bearing two rows of small pores on each side of the median line, a pair to each segment; in other respects as in pupa-case. Pupa-case.—Size, from 0.75 by 0.5 mm. to 1.03 by 0.7 mm.; shape, broadly subelliptical, widest across the abdomen, narrow on thorax, and tapering to the caudal end; color, shining black. There is a pro- fuse lateral exudation in the form of a fringe made up of thread-like, white, wax rods which have many minute projections, the whole inter- laced into a mass which varies considerably in width. Dorsum keeled for entire length, body segments conspicuous; on the third and fourth abdominal segments are a pair of small pores; the thoraco-abdominal suture is very sinuate and extends to the marginal ridge. ‘There isa distinct and wide marginal rim somewhat wider on the sides, which is demarked from the dorsum all around by a sharp ridge; the lateral wax tubes are quite prominent and extend mesad about one-half the width of the rim; the margin is crenulated, incisions irregular, and the ends of the tubes truncate and notched. On the cephalic region there are a pair of wedge-shaped or triangular transparent places, the acute angle toward the median line, the outer edge parallel with the marginal ridge; between the transparent places is a pair of small pores, Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03——35 502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIT- and near to the median line are several longitudinal dashes. Vasiform orifice small, tubercled, and subcircular; operculum heavily chitinized, approximately the same shape and size as the orifice; lingula obscured by the operculum. On the ventral side the reduced legs can be made out; antenne not visible. Adult female.—Body so distorted that accurate measurements could not be made; fore-wing, 1.4 by 0.65 mm.; hind tibia, 0.5 mm.; mid- dle tibia, 0.85 mm.; fore tibia, 0.3 mm.; hind and middle tarsi, 0.25 mm.; proximal segments, 0.15 mm.; fore tarsus, 0.21 mm. Color, bright yellow, legs and antenne white. Wings immaculate, thickly coated with white wax granules; costal margins golden yellow; main vein of both wings extending to apex; in fore-wing the flexure is at the middle of length, beyond it the vein becomes gradually less evident: the basal veinlet arises at base of wing and extends obliquely ‘audad to margin of wing. Mentum yellow, with proximal segment longest; this is slender and tapers to the middle segment, which is shorter than the others; distal segment gradually tapering to the apex, which is dark brown at extreme tip. Eyes divided into two lobes, of which the anterior lobe is smaller, more transparent, and glowing red; the facets are also much smaller and of a different shape from those of the posterior one, which is subrectangular in shape and of a dark, reddish-brown color. (See drawing of A. prucnosus.) Genitalia ordi- nary, brown in color and acute conical. Adult male.—Fore-wing, 1.23 by 0.6 mm.; hind tibia, 0.6 mm.; middle tibia, 0.83 mm.; proximal tibia, 0.3 mm.; tarsi, proximal and middle, 0.21 mm., hind 0.26 mm., the proximal segment of latter 0.15 mm. Genitalia ordinary. The body very much smaller than that of the female, in other respects essentially the same. Cotypes.—No. 7089, U.S.N.M. Collected on Umbellularia californica on campus, Leland Stanford Junior University; in various places in the Santa Clara Valley; on the lower slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains, and along the San Ramon Creek at the base of Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County. Also collected on Arbutus menziesii on King Mountain, on the Ceanothus, near Usal, Mendocino County, July 6, 1901, and on Umbel- lularia californica at Redwood Creek, Napa County, June 6, 1901, by Mr. George Coleman. The pupa-cases are common all the year. The eggs and young larva were collected from the middle of March to May, and again found in October and November. April 28, 1902, the adults emerged from segregated cases. This species is common in the above localities. Often the leaves are incrusted with the pupa-cases, which are always on the under sides of the leaves. Frequently A. ¢nconspicuus, A. nigrans, A. quaintancei, and A. pruinosus are collected from the same leaves with A. errans. 4’ , | < _ No. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 5038 17, ALEYRODES FORBESII Ashmead. Aleyrodes forbesiti ASHMEAD, Fourteenth Rept. Ill. St. Ent. (1884), p. 110 (aceris Forbes). This is the common, large, box-like species, on leaves of Acer dasy- carpum, in many parts of the North—Ithaca, New York; Washing- ton, District of Columbia; Urbana, Illinois. 18. ALEYRODES FUMIPENNIS Hempel. Aleyrodes fumipennis Hmmpret, Psyche, VIII, No. 280, p. 394. Y : 1. J , , >I On undetermined grass growing on swampy ground, 5. Paulo, = brazil. 19. ALEYRODES GELATINOSUS (Cockerell).¢ Egg.—Size, 0.2 by 0.1 mm.; oval, yellow, curved, unmarked, pedicel short, at one side of center of base. Larva.—(Stage 1). Size, 0.27 by 0.1 mm.; subelliptical; wax secre- tion a narrow, white band of coalesced rods closely appressed to the margin; color, pale-yellow to yellowish-brown; dorsum convex, abdom- inal sutures distinct along the dorsi-meson; vasiform orifice subcircu- lar; operculum relatively the same shape and size, nearly filling the orifice; lingula not seen. Larva.—(Stage 2). Size, 0.5 by 0.4 mm.; broadly elliptical; wax secretion a continuous dorso-submarginal fringe about width of larva, made up of crystalline rods coalesced nearly to distal end, where it is separated into irregular plates; cephalad of the vasiform orifice on each side of the dorsi-meson is a small knob-like portion of flocculent wax. Color, yellow-brown. In other respects as in stage 1. Larva.—(Stage 3). Size, 0.6 by 0.43 mm.; there is a long caudal pencil of cottony white wax projecting from the median line for some distance; sometimes the caudal pencil is divided into two plume-like parts, the dorsal knobs found in previous stage present, but the fringe is wanting. Color, dark brown; dorsuin finely punctate, bearing a pair of long, tapering, caudo-submarginal spines and a pair of stout, shorter spines, latero-cephalad of the vasiform orifice. Vasiform orifice tubercled. In other respects essentially as in previous stages, Pupa-case.—Size, 0.9 by 0.7 mm.; broadly elliptical, caudal end truncate; secretion in form of a gelatinous ring upon which the case rests and which projects beyond it for a considerable distance. The secretion is a translucent, brownish mass of wax, which under the high power of the compound microscope shows its rod-like origin. This wax is difficult to remove; when heated it melts, but as soon as cooled it quickly re-forms. It can be dissolved by xylol or in absolute alco- hol, if allowed to remain covered for some time. On some specimens «Contributions toward a Monograph of the American Aleurodide (U. 8. Agri. Dept., Division of Entomology, Technical Ser. 8, p. 27). 504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. there is found a dorsal, submarginal fringe of very small crystalline, coalesced rods, which overlie the gelatinous wax. From the thoracic margins there issues a long, white pencil of cottony wax; these pro- ject almost at right angles from the case and rest upon the underlying ring of dark wax. From the median line of the caudal margin there projects a third pencil similar in structure and position; these pencils often are spiral in arrangement. Color of pupa-case, iridescent, or shining black. Dorsum finely punctate; sutures distinct, the longi- medial and thoraco-abdominal ones conspicuous, the latter sinuate; abdominal keel distinct, ending caudad in the tubercled vasiform ori- fice. There is no marginal rim, but the lateral wax tubes are evident; crenulations rather deep, broad, and rounded, the reentrant angles acute, each crenulation minutely recrenulated. There are many small dorsal pores. Among the striations which extend mesad from the marginal crenulations are from two to four irregular rows, mesad of these on each side of case, extending caudad of thoraco-abdominal suture is a longitudinal row containing four pores; laterad of the anterior margin of the vasiform orifice is a pair; cephalad of the thoraco-abdominal suture there isa transverse row of four, two on each side of the dorsi-meson; cephalad of the meso- and the meta- thoracic sutures there are two, one each side of the dorsi-meson; near the latero-cephalic margin there is a pair on each side, and in line with them are four circular light spaces; scattered over the dorsum are many smaller pores. When the pupa-case is cleared in caustic potash many more pores become evident. Late pupa.—(Female dissected from case.) Body too distorted to measure accurately. Abdomen deep yellow and containing two large, orange-yellow visceral glands. Head and thorax darker colored, legs white. Antenne: Segments 1 and 2 dark brownish yellow; segments 3 to 7, inclusive, white. Legs, ordinary; claws, 3, the middle one more slender and longer than the other two. Segment 1, cup shaped, broader than long; segment 2, pyriform, densely setose; segment 3, long and slender, sub-cylindrical, enlarged near the basal end; at inser- tion with segment 2, very slender; segments 4 to 7, inclusive, subequal and slender; segment 7, sub-fusiform, notched on each side near apex; segments 3 to 7, inclusive, closely ringed with minute hairs. Eyes reniform, broad, and dark red. Genitalia ordinary. The pupa-case of this species agrees in the main with the brief description given by Cockerell, but as the author has secured other stages it has been thought best to give a full description here. Collected from Quercus agrifolia, together with A. coronatus. It is common wherever the author has found the accompanying species, and from a general similarity the author has been led to believe that the two species are nearly related, or that A. gelatinosus 1s a variety of A. coronatus. No. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 505 20. ALEYRODES GOYAB£ Goldi. Aleyrodes goyabe Govt, Mittheil. Schweitz. entom. Gesellsch., VII (1886), p. 248. On Psidium quajava and Persea gratissima, Rio de Janeiro. 21. ALEYRODES GRAMINICOLA Quaintance. Aleyrodes graminicola QUAINTANCE, Can. Ent., XX XI, p. 89. On an undetermined grass, Lake City, Florida. _ 22, ALEYRODES HORRIDUS Hempel. Aleyrodes horridus HempPr., Psyche, VIII, No. 280, p. 394. On Psidium sp., Sao Paulo, Brazil. 23, ALEYRODES INCONSPICUUS (Quaintance) .@ Plate XXXII, figs. 34-37a. Although there are a number of differences between the above and the specimens from which these descriptions were taken, they agree in essentials sufficiently to justify placing them together. Only those stages not previously described and the variations from Quintance will be included here. Larva.—(Stage 1.) Size, 0.26 by 0.13 mm.; elliptical; pale yellow. Dorsum convex, with a distinct marginal rim, in which are two parallel rows of minute, transparent dots, and which bear fifteen pairs of short, tubercled set on its lateral margins; of these the third cephalic pair is much the longest; besides these setze there are the usual caudal and latero-caudal pairs both of long spines; a pair of delicate, minute hairs on the cephalic margin; a pair of long spines at the vasiform orifice and cephalad of these, a shorter pair. Abdominal sutures distinct, the posterior ones reflexed caudad. The last segment is narrowed and prolonged into a small lobe; marginal crenulations very shallow. Vasiform orifice cordate, almost as wide as long, the caudal end broadly rounded, cephalic margin straight; operculum subrectangular, about one-third as long as it is broad, distal margin truncate and densely setose; lingula spatulate, as long as the orifice, setose, and with a pair of long, sub-terminal sete. Legs functional, tarsi with digitules as in the Cocecidee; antenne long and slender, only the first segment defined. Larva.—(Stage 2.) Size, 0.3 by 0.2 mm.; the marginal hairs and rim and the antenne are not visible. The dorsum bears three pairs of long spines: A pair on the meso-thorax; a pair on the meta-thorax, and a pair at the vasiform orifice; the usual caudal hairs are present. Vasiform orifice small and subeircular, caudal end truncute; operculum “Contributions toward a monograph of the American Aleurodide (U.S. Agri. Dept., Division of Entomology, Technical Ser. 8, p. 22). 506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIT. end lingula not distinct. Reduced legs seen on the ventral surface; eyespots single, color bright red. In other respects essentially as in stage 1. Larva.—(Stage 3.) Size, 0.9 by 0.75 mm.; narrowed caudad. Essentially as in pupa-case. Pupa-case.—Size, 1.16 by 0.8 mm.; shape broadly elliptical, slightly narrowed cephalad, with caudal margin truncate, and emarginate to meet the furrow. There is neither lateral nor dorsal secretion, but when case is removed from the leaf, there is left a narrow, vertical, ventral fringe. Color from pale to deep yellow. Dorsum convex with many small pores scattered over it and covered by faint polyg- onal markings, the outer third is also covered with minute markings, or, it may be, transparent papille. Mesad of these on the abdomen are three parallel rows, each with five large, nearly circular transpar- ent places, in each of which are a number of irregular spots, folds, or wrinkles, a row along the dorsi-medial line and a row each side of it;@ after the specimens have been mounted for some time in Canada bal- sam, these have a tendency to disappear; these ** spaces” are probably the ‘* pores” of Quaintance. Marginal rim varies in width and dis- tinctness, crenulations wide and shallow. Abdominal and thoraco- abdominal sutures well defined along the dorsi-meson. The usual caudal, latero-caudal, and cephalo-marginal hairs are present. There is also a pair of hairs at the vasiform orifice and a pair cephalad of these. Vasiform orifice characteristic of this species, conspicuous both in shape and color; elongate-subtriangular, the posterior end merged into the furrow which leads from it to the caudal end of case; operculum a broad, short semi-ellipse with caudal, free end somewhat pointed and densely setose along the margins; color, dusky brown; lingula somewhat darker, dorsum convex, lateral margins with five pairs of long sete and a row of short hairs. Eyespots reniform, large and reddish. On the ventral surface are seen the reduced legs, but there is no trace of antennee. Adult female.—Unknown. Adult male.—Length of body, 1.18 mm.; head and thorax, pale dusky-brown; abdomen, legs, and antenne, paler. Eyes large, reni- form, and black; by transmitted light, they are the same color but the outer rows of facets are colorless. Antenne: Segment 1, cup-shaped, diameter and length equal; segment 2, subpyriform, densely setose; segments 3 to 6, inclusive, cylindrical; segment 7, subfusiform, witb an apical hair; segment 3 is the length of segments 4, 5, 6, and plus one-half the length of segment 7; segments + and 5 are equal in length; segment 7 is slightly longer than segments 4 or 5. Segments 2, 3, and 7 have each a number of hairs set in conical bases; segments 3 to 7, inclusive, closely ringed with minute hairs. “On the thorax and cephalic region there are found similar spaces, which vary in number and position. ' No. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 507 Collected on ean a menzies’’ near Haywards, C ontra Costa C ounty, March 6, 1901, and later near Los Gatos, through the adjacent valleys, and on the slopes of the Santa Cruz and Sierra Morena mountains. Also collected on leaves of Ombellularia californica, [Teteromeles arbu- tifolia, Rhamnus californica, Rhamnus crocea, Clematis ligusticifolia, Quercus agrifolia, and Quercus densiflora in the same localities. The species ~ found together with A. coronatus, A. gelatinosus, A. stan- fordi, A. iridescens, A. nigrans, A. tentaculatus, and A. glacialis. Pupa cases are found upon both sides of the leaves, the earlier stages only: upon the under sides; usually there is but one or two ona leaf. Eggs were often seen, but as there were other species of pupa-cases upon the same leaf, it was impossible to determine if they belonged to A. inconspicua. The same difficulty obtained with reference to the adults, and only one male was bred in the laboratory. 24. ALEYRODES MORI Quaintance. Plate XXXII, fig. 39 Aleyrodes mort QUAINTANCE, Can. Ent., XX XI, pp. 1-4. On Morus sp. at Tampa, and at Lake City, Florida, on Zilia ameri- cana, Callicarpa americana, Liquidambar styraciflua, [lex opaca, and less frequently on Persea borbonia. 25. ALEYRODES MADRONI, new species. Plate XXVIII, figs. 7- Pupa-case.—Size about 0.9 by 0.7 mm.; broadly elliptical; lateral fringe nearly as wide as the case; dorsum covered with thinly ned minute, semitransparent granules of white wax; between the margin of the case and the central region, the granules form a narrow ellipse in which the wax is thicker; the same wax is also distributed in trans- verse lines along the abdominal sutures. Dorsum of case shining black, with a slight longitudinal keel, between which, and the margi- nal rim the case is covered with minute depressions arranged in some- what irregular, radiating lines, giving a striate appearance to the case; the dorso-medial and the thoraco-abdominal sutures are distinct, the latter reaching to the margins. There is no marginal rim, but the lateral wax tubes are slightly bent downward, the incisions shallow and acute, the ends of the tubes reflexed and rounded; mesad of the margin there is a row of highly chitinized, large, conical papille whose tips point outward: at base of, and inclosed by each of the tubercles, is a transparent space, or it may be, an opening; mesad of the tubercles is a row of minute pores and on each side of the median line are two parallel rows; there is also a pair of pores latero-cephalad of the vasiform orifice in place of the usual hairs. On each side of the abdomen within the body, there is a large, oblong, orange-colored 508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIT, mass which is probably a visceral gland. The vasiform orifice is elongate-ovate, cephalic margin straight and not as wide as the broad- est part of the orifice, caudal end broad and acute-emarginate on the median line; the orifice is bounded by a dark rim, the inner margin of which is strongly chitinized and in folds; deeper within the cavity, it is semitransparent; operculum subsemielliptical, more than half the leneth of the orifice and not quite as wide, free and somewhat pointed; entire organ densely setose; lingula about four-fifths as long as the orifice, convex dorsally, cylindrical at base but becoming broadly spatulate at the distal end, on which are three pairs of lateral lobes and a terminal lobe. Eye-spots small and undivided. Adults.—Unknown. Cotypes.—No. 7090, U.S.N.M. This species is neither plentiful nor omnivorous, being restricted to the Arbutus menziesii in the districts where the author has found it; on this host it inhabits the under sides of the leaves in common with A. errans, and because of the presence of the latter it has not been possible to verify the larval stages, as all found were apparently of A. errans. Collected during June, 1901, on the slopes of King’s Mountain. 26. ALEYRODES NICOTIANZ Maskell. Aleyrodes nicotiane Maske, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 1895, p. 436; Entom. News, VII, p. 247. On Nicotiana tabacum, Guanajuato, Mexico. 27. ALEYRODES PARVUS Hempel. Aleyrodes parvus Hempr.t, Psyche, VIII, No. 280, p. 395. On Maytenus sp., Sao Paulo, Brazil. 28. ALEYRODES STANFORDI, new species. Plate XXX, figs. 22-25. kgqs.—Size, 0.23 by 0.1 mm.; length of pedicel, 0.04 mm.; oval; color yellow, shell marked with irregular polygons; this character often seems to be wanting, but when the shell is examined by trans- mitted light it has always been present. Pedicel on convex curve at one side of center of base. The chorion is so firm that empty shells retain their shape. Larva.—Size, 0.385 by 0.2 mm.; oval; the margin has a narrow, lateral fringe of white wax rods somewhat covered with flocculent wax; color shining black, sometimes iridescent by transmitted light, yellowish brown. The dorsum is free from secretion, convex, and sculptured; it has a distinet, thickened, deflexed marginal rim, which is sharply demarked from the dorsum by a ridge; this rim is formed of closely set, adjacent, cylindrical tubes, the ends of which form deep . No. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 509 crenulations, and from which issues the lateral fringe; near the mesal border of this rim there is found a row of seven or more pairs of short hairs set in conspicuous, tubercled bases; these extend about two-thirds the distance from the cephalic margin toward the caudal end of case. On the dorsum there are five pairs of conspicuous spines: _A pair on the cephalic region, a pair on the meso- and a pair on the meta-thorax, a pair cephalo-laterad of the vasiform orifice, and a pair caudad of it; besides these are the usual caudal and latero-caudal pairs of hairs. All sutures distinct, the abdominal ones reaching nearly to the marginal rim and strongly reflexed caudad. Vasiform orifice sub- cordate, broad, and cephalad; operculum relatively the same shape, nearly filling the orifice and obscuring the lingula, which is spatulate and setose distally. Cephalad of the vasiform orifice are four cres- cent-shaped thickenings in the tergum. The dorsal keel, which is so prominent in the pupa-case, is not well developed at this stage, but the arrow-shaped outline on the cephalic region is distinct; laterad of it are two pores or light spaces. Eye-spots divided, the smaller part anterior. Legs and antenn functional. Larva.—Size 0.5 by 0.4 mm.; broadly elliptical; the marginal rim conspicuous, width 0.07 mm.; the tubercled hairs seen on the rim of the younger larva have disappeared and their places are occupied by pores; at the caudal end of the rim, there are also two pores and around the rim is a row of minute ones set close together. The legs and antennz are much reduced in size. Pupa.—Size from 1.14 by 0.83 mm. to 1.6 by 1.3 mm.; broadly elliptical. The case is similar to the larval stages with the following exceptions: The dorsum has a characteristic keel extending from near the cephalic margin to the tubercled vasiform orifice, at the anterior end it is arrow-shaped and from there to the thoraco-abdominal suture, sharply ridged, on the abdomen it is conspicuously rounded and broader, and the segments are markedly distinct. On the thorax there are deep, curved depressions which extend caudad to the third abdominal segment; these furrows correspond in position to the leg markings in more transparent and thinner pupa-cases. The dorso-submarginal pair of spines are not present, but on the ventral surface, just cephalad of the mouthparts, there are two transverse rows of four hairs each; laterad of the dorsi-meson on each side there is usually two parallel rows of minute hairs; these are frequently wanting, and in their stead are large pits or pores. The wax tubes of the marginal rim extend about two-thirds its width, the crenulations are distinct, rounded, about as broad as long and with the reentrant angles blunt. Around the margin of case, there is a lateral fringe of white wax rods more or less overlaid with flocculent wax, which varies in length from a narrow, flat band to a mass as high and as wide as the case; when wide it is usually ragged distally. On the ventral side, the somewhat reduced legs are distinctly seen, but the antenn are not visible. 510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXVIL. Adults.—Unknown. In this species, the pupa-case can easily be distinguished by the unaided eye as a black object surrounded by a white ring. The imma- ture forms are found on the under sides of the leaves of Quercus agrifolia and Quercus densiflora; as a rule, they are confined to a single tree in each neighborhood where the author has collected them and are not plentiful. The eggs are laid very closely together in— irregular patches, each of which contains a greater number than is usual among other species. Apparently fresh eggs and very small larve were collected in the Arboretum, Leland Stanford Junior Uni- versity, on January 23, 1901, but no adults were seen; eggs were again found, together with small larve, during the last week in May and in June. The writer has kept the pupa-cases in the laboratory for various times since the date of first collection, but has never sue- ceeded in securing the adults, and it has been impossible to obtain verified adults in the field, as the oaks have so many species of Aleyrodes upon them. Cotypes.—No. 7091, U.S.N.M. Collected by Mr. G. H. Coleman near the head of Big River, Mendocino County, June 6, 1901, and by the author in the Santa Clara Valley and on the slopes of Black and King’s mountains at various times during 1901 and 1902. 29. ALEYRODES INTERROGATIONIS, new species. Plate XXVIII, figs. 10-12. Egg.—0.15 by 0.07 mm.; oval; yellow; unmarked. Pedicel at one side of center of base. Larva.—(Stage 1.) Elliptical; brownish yellow; margin with lat- eral hairs; dorsum convex. Larva.—(Stage 2.) Color yellow; dorsum convex; marginal crenu- lations irregular, shallow, and rounded; abdominal segments distinct; vasiform orifice as in pupa-case, but the operculum is nearly circular. On the dorsum, the submarginal hairs, the bases of the caudo-lateral, and the cephalic pairs of spines are present. Larva.—Size, 0.57 by 0.385 mm.; essentially as In pupa-case. Pupa-case.—Size, 0.7 by 0.4 mm.; elliptical; the outer part of the case pale amber; over the body of the developing pupa*the color is ¢ deeper yellow, sometimes brownish. There is no lateral fringe, in the usual sense of the term, but around the case is a wide, sloping ring of white or yellowish, translucent, gelatinous substance upon which the case rests. In the mass, the substance seems structureless, but when it is mounted in Canada balsam and examined under the microscope while it is dissolving, the rod-like structure is plainly seen. Ina few specimens there seemed to be a true fringe overlying the gelatinous wax; this was transparent and apparently of separate, ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA —BEMIS. 511 glassy rods, but every effort to detach it was unsuccessful; from this it was assumed that if it were a true lateral fringe, it had adhered to the underlying ring, or, if it were a constituent part of the mass, then the gelatinous rim was a lateral and not a ventral secretion. The dorsal secretion is of white, flocculent wax, in tufts or pencils attached to and enwrapping stout spines. Upon the cephalic region, near the mouth parts, there are found two small tufts or knobs; on the meso-thorax are two similar tufts, both sets near the dorso-median line; at the vasiform orifice are two pairs of short pencils; between the more caudal pair is a long pencil, which is prolonged for some distance caudad of the base and rests upon the gelatinous wax. This pencil has no underlying spine nor any visible pore from which it might issue; there are a number of pointed folds lying close together around the place of issuance, but these are probably a part of the ventral furrow. There is considerable variation from the usual arrangement given above, any or all of the pairs of tufts may be more or less pencil-like, this seeming to depend upon the length of the spine to which any tuft is attached; at the vasiform orifice the two pairs of pencils are some- times curved and rim-like in their arrangement. The dorsum is covered with large polygonal markings and has a large - number of small pores more or less regularly arranged; of the latter there is a row of closely set ones near the margin of case, three sub- parallel rows each side of dorsi-meson on the abdomen, and a number placed irregularly on the thorax and cephalic region. The abdomen has a well-rounded keel along which the sutures are distinct; the dorsi-medial and thoraco-abdominal sutures are conspicuous, the latter very sinuate and extending to the lateral margins. Margin all around erenulated with a double rim, the ends of the tubes of the dorsal rim sharply deflexed downward, and the crenulations irregular; in places they are rounded, with the incisions between the tubes about the width of the crenulations; in other places they are crowded and almost form serrations. From these incisions thickenings extend mesad some dis- tance, producing an irregularly-marked margin. Vasiform orifice subcireular, bounded on the cephalic and lateral margins by a straight perpendicular rim, which becomes very sloping at caudal margin; here its inner margin is chitinized or thickened for some distance within the cavity and at the bottom of the orifice it is thickly covered with transpar- ent dots; operculum short, seldom more than one-half as long as orifice, broadly ovate, with cephalic margin not coincident with margin of orifice; lingula reduced, only the incised basal portion present. Legs - rather long and stout, nonsegmented, but with folds indicating future joints. Antenne not evident. Eye-spots very large; by transmitted light, brown, with reddish margin. Adult male.—Length of body, 0.97 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.15 mm.; hind tibia, 0.25 mm.; proximal tarsus, 0.15 mm.: hind tibia, 0.17 mm. ; 512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVIT. wings too crumpled to measure accurately. Color of body, dusky white, frons slightly darker; legs and antennz white; mentum white with brown tip; wings immaculate; the almost entire lack of color is unusual. Eyes, large, reniform in shape, apparently black, but by transmitted light, reddish on the edges. Antenne with segments four to seven inclusive, shorter than usual; segment seven, sub-fusiform, with a hair at tip and a conspicuous spine at about mid-length. Cotypes.—No. 7092, U.S.N.M. Collected by the author on the leaves of Ceanothus californicus at Pacific Congress Springs, Santa Clara County, April 16, 1901, and dur- ing June, 1901, on King’s and Black mountains. The specimens are not plentiful and there is seldom more than one on a leaf. It is sometimes found together with A. glacialis. Many pupa-cases have been isolated, but only two adult males have been secured. 30. ALEYRODES PHALAENOIDES Blanchard. Aleyrodes phalenoides BLANCHARD, Ins. Voy. du Chile, de Gay., 1840, p. 319; Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, Dec., 1867, p. 399. 31. ALEYRODES MERLINI, new species. Plate X XIX, figs. 17-19. Egg.—Size, 0.22 by 0.1 mm.; pale yellow; unmarked; pedicel at one side of base. Larva.—(Stage 1.) Size, 0.33 by 0.183; elliptical; pale yellow; dorsum convex, void of pores, papille and secretion, but with a nar- row marginal band of white wax. Margin with fifteen pairs of equally spaced hairs, which are extremely long. Eye-spots single, large and light red. Specimens so filled with fungus that further detail was impossible. Larva.—Ssize, 0.63 by 0.48 mm.; elliptical; the dorsal secretion is usually separated into several irregular plates at the caudal margin, while it is continuous around the remainder of the margin. In some specimens the dorsal wax is disposed in a somewhat confused pattern in which two parallel rows near the lateral margin and a central, transverse row can be made out. Color, pale semi-transparent yellow; dorsum convex, and covered with pores of several sizes; those nearest the margin aredargest and are arranged in rather definite lines; each of the abdominal segments has a transverse row; the smaller pores are scattered irregularly. There is no marginal rim nor crenulations, and the wax tubes are not evident; abdomen with distinct segments and two crescent-shaped thickenings in tegument of dorsum cephalad of the vasiform orifice; laterad of the anterior margin of the vasiform orifice isa pair of small hairs; the usual latero-caudal and caudal hairs are present, the latter short. Vasiform orifice broadly ovate, anterior margin as broad as orifice is long; operculum a little more than one- : No. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 513 half length of orifice and wider than long, with a pair of short spines on the latero-cephalic angles; lingula as long as the orifice, spatulate, the distal part with three pairs of lateral lobes and a terminal lobe; the entire organ densely setose and with two pairs of long hairs—a pair from the angles between the distal-lateral and the terminal lobes projecting caudad beyond the orifice, and a pair on the lateral margin. On the ventral surface the reduced legs are distinct, but only faint outlines of the antennz can be made out. Pupa-case.—Average size, | by 0.6 mm.; elliptical, narrowed cepha- lad, caudal end truncate; dorsal secretion usually a confused mass of white wax; under a lens it is seen to be made up of numerous long, delicate, asbestos-like wax filaments, which are from two to four times the width of case and matted together, forming the very characteristic covering of this species. This secretion can be easily brushed off and quickly dissolves in alcohol. When the case is removed from the leaf there is left a short, vertical fringe. Color of case a dull amber-yellow to dark brown. The latter color is probably due to parasitization; dorsum convex and covered with papille and pores of various sizes; near the margin they are more numerous and closer together. On the central region they are not so evident, but each segment has a transverse row; scattered among the papille are many small pores. On the abdomen, each side of the dorsi-meson, there is a longitudinal row of large, semitransparent spaces. The thoracic and abdominal segments are distinct, the posterior abdominal sutures strongly reflexed caudad, the thoraco-abdominal suture sinuate and extending to margin of case; the longitudinal cephalo-thoracic suture is also evident; cepha- lad of the vasiform orifice are two strongly chitinized thickenings in tergum which are darker and broader than usual, and within the abdo- men are seen two large, orange-yellow visceral glands. There is a pair of short, delicate hairs on the cephalic margin of case, a pair of somewhat stouter ones laterad of the anterior margin of the vasiform orifice, and the usual caudal and latero-caudal sete, the former reduced to minute hairs. Vasiform orifice subcordate, anterior margin straight. On the inner lateral and caudal margins there are corrugations or folds, which extend downward and inward; operculum not as broad as the orifice and more than half its length, rounded on the anterior- lateral angles. Near the lateral margins of the free, distal end isa long, stout spine, which projects beyond the margin of the orifice; lingula spatulate, as long as orifice, distal part enlarged and with three lateral and two terminal lobes, apex bearing a pair of long hairs. Eye-spots large, constricted, and dark red; legs reduced, unsegmented; antenn short, stout, unseemented and tapering to a slender point. Adult female.—Bred from segregated pupa cases. Length of body, 1.6 mm.; wings, too crumpled to measure; hind tarsus, 0.23 mm. Color of abdomen, pale yellow; head and thorax darker, frons brown- 514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. xxv, ish; legs and antenne white. Within the abdomen are two large, yellow glands. Eyes large, slightly constricted; color, black, reddish at the edges. Attenne,as in A. pruinosus. Genitalia, ordinary. The larve vary much in the amount and arrangement of the dorsal secretion; some are entirely covered with the matted wax, others have but a scant, fragmentary secretion, while still others are surrounded by a mass which rises almost perpendicularly above the dorsum, and then bends downward and outward, forming a continuous ring at margin of case, but distally separated into irregular plates. Cotypes.—No. 70938, U.S.N.M. Collected by the writer on King’s Mountain, on Arbutus menziesii only, during May, June, and July, 1901. 32. ALEYRODES PYROL£Z Gillette and Baker. Aleyrodes pyrole GILLETTE and Baksr, Prelim. Rep. Hemip. Colo., p. 125. (Colo. Agri. Exp. Sta., Bul. 31, Tech. Ser. ). On Pyrola rotundifolia, Fourmile Hill, 8 miles south of Steamboat Spring's, Colorado. 33. ALEYRODES AMNICOLA, new species. Plate XX VII, figs. 44a. kygg.—Size, 0.21 by 0.1 mm.; oval; vellow; unmarked; pedicel at center of base. Larva (fig. 4).—Size, 0.3 by 0.1 mm.; elliptical; color glistening white to pale yellow; there isa lateral fringe which varies greatly, many spec- imens have none, while others have a long fringe continuous at base and separated distally into irregular plates; some have granules of wax upon the dorsum, but as the leaf is also coated with similar wax it may be extraneous matter. Dorsum convex, lateral margins with thirteen rather long, delicate hairs set in tubercled bases; the third cephalic pair are much longer than the others; the caudal and latero-caudal hairs are present, longer and stouter than the lateral ones and inserted in conspicuous, conical bases. Abdominal segments distinct to margin and reflexed caudad. Vasiform orifice as in pupa case, the lingula sometimes longer than orifice. Larva (fig. 4a).—Size, 0.73 by 0.5mm.; broadly elliptical; there is no lateral secretion, but the dorsum bears an irregular, interrupted series of long, tapering, glassy rods; dorsum very convex and with minute depressions forming somewhat irregular striations to the central region; abdominal sutures distinct along dorsi-meson; crenulations of margin regular, rounded, and shallow, the reentrant angles acute; cau- dal and lateral hairs as in smaller larva. Pupa-case.—Size, 1.3 by 0.9 mm. to 1.4 by 1.03 mm.; broadly ellip- tical, cephalic margin truncate, the caudal margin slightly emarginate at furrow; neither lateral nor dorsal secretion, but when the case is NO. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 515 removed from leaf there is left a narrow, white, vertical fringe; the outer part of case is transparent white, central region brown, laterally shading to yellow; this contrast in coloration renders the case very conspicuous; on the cephalic region the color is projected cephalad in two prong-shaped markings; near the anterior end of the dark space there is a pair of small pores, one each side of the dorsi-meson; on each segment of the case there are a number of small pores, usually arranged in a group at each end, with a transverse row between the groups; all of these pores lie within the space covered by the dark color; there are also many small pores outside this color limit, but the case is so transparent that they are nearly invisible. The dorsum is convex and has no marginal rim, crenulations of the margin itself are irregular, broadly rounded, and shallow, reentrant angles acute; abdomen keeled on dorsi-meson, the segments distinct along the keel; the thoraco- abdominal suture and the dorso-medial suture, which meets it at right angles, are also evident; cephalad of the vasiform orifice are two conspicuously chitinized, crescent-shaped thickenings in the tergum. Vasiform orifice subovate, caudal end broadly rounded, bounded by a slightly raised rim, deeper yellow than surrounding dorsum, the inner lateral and caudal margins of the orifice much corrugated or folded; operculum not one-half the length of orifice, and in width not quite filling the open space, distal, free end truncate; dorsum setose; lingula well developed, nearly or quite as long as the orifice, spatulate, distal portion convex, enlarged, rather bulbous, apex with a pair of long and caudally projecting hairs at its lateral angles, the portion which projects beyond the operculum setose. Latero-cephalad of orifice is a pair of short, delicate sete. Adults.— As in A. pruinosus. Cotypes.—No. 7094, U.S.N.M. This species is found only on the willow and is peculiar to it; a great number of specimens were collected on November 4, 1901, from Sa/ix levigata at Stevens Creek, Santa Clara Valley; the immature stages were on the under sides of the leaves, which were frequently encrusted with them. Adults were issuing from the pupa-cases, and many had settled upon the under sides of leaves of Washingtonia nuda, which was growing under the host plants. The coloration of the pupa-cases is rather characteristic of parasitized cases in general; but as adults were seen issuing in numbers from the cases which were darkest, the coloration must be normal. 34. ALEYRODES ROLFSII Quaintance, Aleyrodes rolfsii QUAINTANCE, Can. Ent., XX XI, p. 90. From Upola, Florida, on cultivated geranium. 516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIII. 35. ALEYRODES RUBORUM Cockerell. Aleyrodes ruborum CocK®ERELL, Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., V., No. 11, p. 96; Ann. Rept. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta., 1898, p. 66. On cultivated Rubus cunetfolius at Lake City and San Mateo, Florida. 36. ALEYRODES PERILEUCUS (Cockerell). Aleyrodes perilewca CoCKERELL, Proc. Acad. of Nat. Sci. Phila., May, 1902, p. 283, and in an as yet unpublished bulletin written for the Florida Exper. Station, by T. D. A. Cockerell, who kindly furnished the author the description. Pupa-case.—Oval in shape; extremely dense in texture; color per- fectly black. Lateral margins witha fringe of very narrow; regular, white waxen ribbons regularly and strongly beaded. Dorsum free from secretion; it has a sharp, submarginal keel and a distinct longi- tudinal keel, which is sharp on the thorax and broad and rounded on the abdomen, where it is crossed by six narrow, transverse longitudi- nally corrugated bands. Abdomen with transverse ridges marking the segments. Vasiform orifice shovel shaped; marginal area with very numerous radiating furrows, the areas between them minutely pune- tured. Margin of case very regularly crenulate. The conical, black, larval skin was found in one example on the back of the pupa, but ordinarily it is lost. Adults.—Unknown. It occurs at La Jolla, California (Cockerell), and Cuero, Texas (Townsend), on leaves of Quercus, solitary on the upper side. 37- ALEYRODES STELLATUS (Maskell). Aleyrodes stellata MASKELL, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 1895, p. 442. On Lignum-vite, in company with A. floccosa, Jamaica. 38. ALEYRODES DIASEMUS, new species. Larva.—Size, 0.3 by 0.2 mm.; elliptical; no dorsal secretion, lateral fringe approximately one-sixth the width of larva. It is made up of opaque wax rods coalesced at base, but distally divided into irregular plates, sometimes ragged at the ends. Color, transparent white, slightly yellow around the mouth parts and in the central abdominal region. Dorsum convex and with a longi-medial carina; lateral mar- gins with 14 pairs of equally spaced hairs, with the exception of the difference between the ninth and tenth pairs, which is much greater. Each hair is set in a conical base, and from each there is a distinct oblique fold extending mesad; the usual caudal and latero-caudal hairs are present. Immediately caudad of the eye-spots there are a pair of large circular pores, which may be the anterior pair of spiracles; the case is so thin and transparent that it could not be determined whether NO. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 517 t the pores were dorsal or ventral; abdominal segments distinct; crenu- lations of the margins minute; vasiform orifice as in pupa case; the antenne are not visible; the legs are distinct, though reduced: this is not the usual condition of these organs at this stage or size; eye-spots single and red. Pupa-case.—Size, 1.4 by 0.54 mm.; elliptical, case flat; there is con- siderable variation in the amount and kind of secretion; specimens may have both lateral and dorsal wax, or either alone, or none; when present the lateral fringe is of coalesced crystalline wax rods either free from or covered by flocculent wax; the dorsal secretion is in the form of a submarginal series of separate crystalline wax rods, rather long and curved downward; when the case is lifted there remains a short vertical fringe of coalesced, opaque white wax rods. Color, glistening yellow. Dorsum convex and bearing 12 pairs of extremely long, stout spines—a pair of caudo-submarginal, a pair of latero-caudo- submarginal, 2 pair mesad of the latter, a pair caudad of vasiform orifice, a pair laterad of these, and a pair laterad of the anterior mar- gin; a pair of abdomino-submarginal, a pair of extremely long ones on first abdominal segment near median line; two pairs on thorax close to median line; a pair of cephalo-submarginai. On the cephalic region near the dorsi-meson and caudad of the first pair of spines is a pair of small pores; mesad of the first pair of thoracic spines is another pair: on the abdomen there are two parallel rows on each side of the dorsi- meson. Abdomen with a slight longi-medial keel, along which the sutures are distinct, the posterior ones reflexed caudad. Vasiform orifice a brighter yellow than the surrounding dorsum, broadly ovate, as wide as long, apex broadly rounded; operculum, subrectangular, about one-half length of orifice, distal margin truncate; lingula nearly as long as the orifice, spatulate, often dorsally recurved; setose for about four-fifths of its length, with two terminal lobes and a pair of long latero-apical hairs which project caudad beyond the oritice. Mar- ginal crenulations vary from shallow to deep, but they are always broad, round, and with acute reentrant angles. On the ventral sur- face the reduced legs are seen, apparently with all the parts except the tarsi present; antenne nonsegmented, base broad, apex abruptly nar- rowed into a slender, finger-like process; eye-spots large and red. Adults.—Unknown. Cotypes.—No. 7096, U.S.N.M. Collected on campus, Leland Stanford Junior University, along San Francisquito Creek, September 18, 1901, and at various other dates, from the under sides of the leaves of Syiphoricarpos racemosus. Also collected on leaves of Ribes glutinosum, near Menlo Park, Sep- tember, 1901, and on the same host in Alameda, June, 1901, and on Kings Mountain, August, 1901. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03——386 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII, 39. ALEYRODES VAPORARIORUM Westwood. Aleyrodes vaporariorum Werstwoop, Gard. Chron., 1856, p. 852.—SigNoret, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, Dec., 1867, p. 387.—W. E. Brirron, Ninth Ann. Rept. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta., 1895, Pt. 2, p. 203. 40. ALEYRODES GLACIALIS, new species. Plate XX XI, figs. 31-33. Larve.—The dorsum lacks the curved mesal wax filaments which are found on the pupa case; in other external respects as in the pupa case. Pupa-case.—Size, 0.85 mm. by 0.6 mm.; elliptical; color, with inclosed pupa, yellow; when the case is empty, semitransparent white; occasionally the color may vary from yellowish-brown to a more or less mottled brown, or, in extreme cases, to an almost uniform brown- ish-black; this color variation is due to parasitization or to the presence of fungus. There is no lateral fringe, but just inside the dorso-lateral margin there is a continuous submarginal fringe, made up of an irregular series of tapering crystalline rods of about equal length and more than one-half the width of case. These issue from large conical papillee, which are arranged around the case in a row of from one to three deep, except caudad and latero-caudad of the vasi- form orifice, where there are an irregular number. Mesad of the sub- marginal fringe there are a variable number of shorter tapering rods of wax, which are curved or even coiled upon themselves; these are arranged with reference to the segments and issue from large circular pores, which constitute the most conspicuous dorsal character of this species and which may vary from one on each side of the segment to groups of from three to five. Besides these pores there are others, so scattered that no definite place can be assigned them, and also many small pores scattered among the papille and over the dorsum. Dor- sum convex, finely punctate, and with a pair of long tapering caudo- marginal spines set in conspicuous conical bases, and a pair of very long spines laterad of the anterior margin of the vasiform orifice; the usual caudal pair are wanting; the latero-caudal pair are short and the cephalo-marginal pair are minute. Crenulations of margin of case broad and very shallow; where the caudal furrow meets the margin the crenulations are distinctly different, being deeper and more pointed in outline and closer together (Plate XX XI, fig. 33). Abdominal sutures faintly defined, the posterior ones strongly reflexed caudad; in the abdomen two large yellow visceral glands show through the body wall. Vasiform orifice broadly ovate, almost as broad as long; cephalic edge straight, caudal end with a fine acute emargination with a small finger-like process. Operculum subsemielliptical, much broader than long, and less than one-half the length of orifice. Lingula nearly the length of orifice, subspatualate, densely setose with minute hairs, and bearing three pairs of lateral lobes and a terminal lobe. Cephalad NO. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 519 of vasiform orifice are two crescent-shaped thickenings of tergum, and between it and the caudal margin of case there isa shallow furrow. On the ventral surface the unsegmented reduced legs are seen; the antenne are short, stout, unsegmented, and with a spine at apex; eye- spots large, dark red. There is considerable variation in amount of dorsal secretion and in the number of pores and papillee. Adult female.—Length, about 1.83 mm.; fore wing, 1.27 mm. by 0.5 mm.; hind wing, 1.03 by 0.43 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.25 mm.; proximal segment, 0.15 mm.; tibia, 0.45 mm.; main vein, seven-eighths length of wing; fiexure, about midway between base and apex of wing: beyond the flexure the vein fades out. Color, abdomen, pale yellow, head and thorax darker yellow to pale dusky; legs, antennz almost white; wings immaculate, folded so that basal veinlet is not seen; fore wing with a conspicuous anal fold. Eyes dark reddish brown; in live specimens each is separated into two parts by a wedge-shaped band of white wax granules; in the mounted specimen the wax is dissolved away and the eyes are apparently only constricted. Antenne and mentum usual. Vasiform orifice obscured. Genitalia sharply conical, brownish in color, otherwise ordinary. Insect bred from pupa case on Ceanothus californicus. Male.—(Bred from pupa case on Rubus vitifolius.) Length, 1.1 mm.; fore wing, 1.1 mm. by 0.44 mm.; hind wing, 0.9 mm. by 0.37 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.25 mm.; middle tarsus, 0.21 mm.; proximal tarsus, 0.23 mm.; hind tibia, 0.43 mm.; middle tibia, 0.3 mm.; proximal tibia, 0.03 mm.; proximal segment, 0.16 mm.¢ Color as in female. Men- tum dusky, nearly black. Genitalia, usual. In other respects essen- tially as in female. The pupa cases were first collected in March, larve on April 16. Adults were seen flying at this time, but the first to emerge from the segregated cases came out on May 29. Cotypes.—No. 7095, U.S.N.M. This species is found on the under sides of the leaves and has been collected in the following localities: On Ceanothus californicus, from the Santa Cruz and Santa Moreno ranges; on Yerba Santa, from King’s Mountain; on Rubus vitifolius, from the Santa Clara Valley and Alameda; on Rhamnus californica, from the Santa Cruz and Santa Moreno ranges and Santa Clara Valley; on Clematis ligusticcfolia, Opulaster capitatus, and Symphoricarpos racemosus, from the Santa Clara Valley, and from Quercus densiflora, from Kings Mountain. There are seldom more than two or three specimens on a leaf; they are usually found together with A. coronatus and A. gelatinosus. «There is considerable variation in the number of large dorsal pores and papillee. 520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVIIL 41. ALEYRODES VINSONOIDES Cockerell. Aleyrodes vinsonoides CoCKERELL, Psyche, VIII, No. 266. Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico. On undetermined tree. 42. ALEYRODES QUAINTANCEI, new species. Plate XX XVII, figs. 70-73. Eggs.—Type; unmarked, pedicel at one side of base. Larva.—(Stage 1.) Size, 0.33 by 0.2 mm.; elliptical; wax secretion wanting; color, white; the abdominal segments distinct to margin; neither marginal rim nor lateral wax tubes evident, but short lateral hairs set in conical bases extend around the entire margin; the usual ‘audal and latero-caudal hairs are very long, the former set in con- spicuously large conical bases. Vasiform orifices broadly ovate, truncate at caudal end, lateral margins straight; operculum less than one-half length of orifice, rectanguiar, squarely notched at the latero- cephalic angles and with a minute spine mesad of the notch; lingula about two-thirds length of orifice, spatulate covered with transparent dots, which are probably minute hairs; apex setose, the hairs much longer than usual. Within the body two large dark-yellow visceral glands are conspicuous. Eye-spots large, dark red. Larva.—(Stage 2, studied from molt.) Size, 0.35 by 0.26 mm.; shape broadly elliptical; wax secretion wanting. Color, a semitrans- parent whitish yellow. There is no marginal rim and the lateral wax tubes are evident; crenulations large, rather pointed, reentrant angle acute; abdominal sutures barely visible. No lateral hairs, but the dorsum bears three pairs of long and tapering spines—a pair on the cephalic region, a pair on thorax, and a pair latero-cephaled of the vasiform orifice; the latter are shorter and more delicate than the others; the usual caudal and latero-caudal hairs are present. Vasiform orifice as in pupa case. No traces of legs, antenne, or eye-spots. Larva.—Stage 38 (studied from moults). Size, 0.44 by 0.2 mm., broadly elliptical, truncate at the caudal end; color, brown; by trans- mitted light, a pale smoky shade; there are transverse bands of darker color on each of the abdominal segments, which are also covered with transparent dashes. Body segments distinct. The marginal rim is wanting, but the lateral wax tubes are slightly bent downward. Crenulations of margin, vasiform orifice, and lateral fringe as in pupa- case. Dorsal spines as in younger stage, but much reduced. Early pupa-case.—Size, about 0.56 by 0.15 mm., measured within marginal rim; shape subovoid, prolonged caudad, extreme caudal end lobe-like; on each side of this part of case there is a short blunt spine. Color black, case highly chitinized, crenulations of rim as in pupa- case. no. 1362. ALEYRODIDS OF CALIFORNIA—BEMIS. 521 Pupa-case.—Size, about 0.83 mm. by 0.61mm.; measured within the marginal rim, the dorsum is 0.7 mm. by 0.46 mm.; the outside measure- ment are variable and not exact, as the angle at which the rim bends varies continually; shape of dorsum oval, prolonged caudad until it is lobe-like at end, dorsal and ventral secretion wanting; lateral fringe, flat upon the leaf, made up of transparent wax rods, coalesced nearly to the distal ends and about the width of case. Dorsum with a sharp keel extending its entire length; within the ridge formed by marginal rim there is a sunken line extending around case; abdominal segments conspicuously set off to this sunken space; cephalo-thoracic region deeply sculptured. Color, shining black by transmitted light, with golden brown colorations; of these there is a continuous line around dorsal ridge of marginal rim; three pairs of transverse portions of case on the thoraco-cephalic region, occupying almost the entire space; latero-cephalad of the most cephalic of these and adjacent to marginal rim is a large pair of conspicuous wedge-shaped places; near cephalic end of case, on each side of the dorso-median suture, there are two small circular places; caudad of these and nearer the suture there is a pair of short oblique lines on each side, caudad of these is a pair of small circular places, caudad of these is a broken oblique line on each side of the suture; on the abdomen, caudad of each suture, is a narrow space; cephalad of the vasiform orifice is a large crescent- shaped place the central portion of which is continued to the vasiform orifice, and the vasiform orifice is of the same color. This coloration is probably due to unequal chitinization of the case. Body segmenta- tion distinct; median and thoraco-abdominal sutures conspicuous, the latter very sinuate and extending to the marginal ridge. The dorsal disk is slightly larger than the ventral, and they are connected by the marginal wax tubes, which are bent downward and inward, thus making an oblique rim. Crenulations of margin deep and round, as wide as long; mesad of the end of each wax tube is a large pore. The usual caudal hairs are long and delicate, the latero-caudal pair shorter. Vasiform orifice small, tubercled, subcircular; operculum relatively the same shape, filling the orifice; lingula minute, strap- shaped, obscured by the operculum. There are a pair of pores latero- cephalad of orifice, which are probably the follicles of the hairs usually present at this place. Eye-spots black, situated mesad of the wedge-shaped transparent spot on cephalo-dorsum. Adults.—Unknown. Cotypes.—No. 7097, U.S.N.M. Collected at Stevens Creek, October, 1901; found upon the under sides of the leaves of Rhamnus crocea together with Aleyrodes iridescens. On bo bo PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. 43. ALEYRODES NIGRANS, new species. Plate XX VII, fig. 3. Egqg.—Size, 0.23 by 0.11 mm.; dark yellow to a dusky-brown in color, empty shells uniformly brown; the chorion is firm, and the egg, in consequence, keeps its shape and position when empty. Egg elliptical in shape, more curved than usual, apex rather pointed; shell unmarked; pedicel short and at one side of base on the convex curve. Eges always found in an upright position on the under side of the leaf. Larva.—When first hatched about 0.3 mm. by 0.08 mm.; elongate, elliptical, with dorsum very convex, and having a narrow band of semitransparent wax closely appressed to the margins. Under the lens it is semitransparent and pale yellow in color. Dorsum void of pores, sete, or exudation; marginal rim distinct, thickened, narrow, noncrenulated, and with two parallel rows of minute transparent spots which extend around it. Lateral margins with seven pairs of short, delicate hairs set in tubercled bases; these extend from the latero-cephalic margin about two-thirds the distance toward the caudal end; the usual caudal and latero-caudal hairs are present, very minute. No trace of segmentation except along dorsi-meson of abdomen. Vasi- form orifice subcircular, bounded by a conspicuous raised rim; oper- yor 2g, culum the same shape, filling the oritice; lingula not seen. Antenne and legs functional; eye-spots red, divided, circular and subequal in size. Just after the first moult the larva is about 0.4 mm. by 0.27 mm.; broadly elliptical in shape. The insect is flatter and has a narrow lateral fringe of glassy rods, which are continuous at base, but are divided distally into irregular plates; all lateral hairs have disappeared, and there are faint, irregular crenulations around the margin; abdom- inal segments distinct along the dorsi-meson; the caudal hairs are much longer than in the first stage, and the beginning of the medio- caudal lobe, which is characteristic of the pupal stage, is evident; dor- sum with + pairs of long, tapering spines. Sa v me ae Ph i WF NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XXXIV ALEYRODIDAZ OF CALIFORNIA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 536. ‘U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XXXV ALEYRODID4 OF CALIFORNIA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 537. my 5 ae 2 es eh a + + ' -— We, +4 x wa U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XXXVI NS) Sy ALEYRODIDA OF CALIFORNIA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 537. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXVII PL. XXXVII in a) pp ALEYRODID4 OF CALIFORNIA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 537. STUDIES IN OLD WORLD FORFICULIDS OR EARWIGS, AND BLATTIDS OR COCKROACHES. By Jamss A. G. REN, Of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The notes contained in the following pages are based on material ‘n the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of the United States National Museum. The Hirase material from Japan, the Harrison and Hiller collection from Sumatra, the Abbott material from Trong, Siam, and the collec- tions made by Koebele of Australian and New Zealand forms were the larger faunal collections examined. The author wishes to express his thanks to Dr. W. H. Ashmead for the privilege of examining the material from the United States National Museum. Family FORFICULID. Genus LABIDURA Leach. 1815. ‘‘Labidura Leacn, Edinb. Encycl., IX, p. 118.” Type.— Labidura gigantea” = Forficula riparia Pallas. LABIDURA HUSEIN£Z (Rehn.) 1901. Apterygida huseine Renn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 273; Sheikh Husein, Gallaland, Africa. On second examination this species is seen to be a member of the genus Labidura and to represent a form of the répar/a group. The recent treatment of this group by Kirby“ is substantiated as far as our material goes. This species belongs to the same section of the group as /nerii/s Brunner, marginella Costa, auditor Scudder, crenata Olivier, and suturalis Burmeister. From ¢nerm/s it differs in having the internal border of the male forceps more heavily dentate, the median tooth being very distinct; from margined/a it differs in the somewhat larger size and crenulate basal section of the male forceps; from aud/tor in «Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., XI, pp. 63-66. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXVII—No. 1363. 540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVH. the shape of the forceps, which are curved upward, and in the mod- erately dentate character of the internal margin of the same; from crenata in the unequal and less extensive crenulations on the internal margin of the female forceps, and very different coloration; while from suturalis Burmeister it is separable by the crenulate character of the internal margin of the female forceps, as well as the smaller size. The nominal African species of this group, with their type localities, are as follows: Labidura auditor Scudder. [ Natal. | Labidura bengalensis Dohrn. [Bengal. | Kirby“ considers a specimen from Sokotra as probably representing this form. Labidura crenata (Olivier). [South Africa. | Labidura herculeana (Fabricius). [St. Helena. | Labidura huseine (Rehn). [Sheikh Husein, Gallaland. | Labidura pallipes (Fabricius). [Cape Verde Islands. | Labidura terminalis Serville. [Mauritius. | Genus ANISOLABIS Fieber. 1853. Anisolabis Freper, Lotos, II], p. 257. Included A. maritima and mesta. ANISOLABIS STALI (Dohrn), 1864. Forcinella] stali DonRN, Entom. Zeitung, Stettin, X XV, p. 286; Java. One female; Batu Sangkar, Padangsche Bovenland, Sumatra. August and September, 1901. (A. C. Harrison, jr., and Dr. H. M. Hiller;) [As N.S. ‘Philas This species appears to be broadly distributed through the Malayan region, reaching Hindostan and Farther India, besides being recorded from the island*of Nossi-Bé, off the northwest coast of Madagascar. Genus APTERYGIDA Westwood. 1840. Apterygida Westwoop, Introd. Class Ins., Synop. Gen., p. 44. Type.—Forgicula pedestris Bonelli=albipennis Megerle von Muehl- feld. APTERYGIDA ATHYMIA, new name. 1880. Forficula japonica De Bormans (not of De Haan, 1842), Anales Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., IX, p. 512; Japan, on seashore. Three specimens; one damaged, sex unknown, and two immature females; Japan.? (Dr. H. C. Wood.) [A. N. S. Phila. ] a Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., XI, p. 64. > Dr. Wood has very kindly given me the following information regarding the specimens collected by him in Japan: My collections were all made in the district bounded by Kioto on the south and Nikko or Tokio on the north, going well back into the center of the country, as we made the trip along the Nakasendo road, the old highroad in Japan between North and South Japan, running along the central ridge of the island. NO. 1363. TARWIGS AND COCKROACHES—REHN. 541 As De Bormans’ name is preoccupied by De Haan’s Forficula gigantea Var. japonica,” a new name is required, and I propose that of athymia in relation to the rather weak build of the insect. The immature individuals are rather darker in general coloration than the mature specimen. Family BLATTID Z®. Subfamily HCTOBIIN 24. Genus ECTOBIUS Stephens. 1835. Ectobius StepHeEns, Illust. Brit. Entom., Mandib., VI, p. 45. Type.—By elimination and selection, Blatta lapponicus Linneus.” ECTOBIUS MAORI, new species. Type.—Male; New Zealand. (Koebele.) [Cat. No. 6943, U.S.N.M.] Allied to /. tasmanicus Branesik ¢ and E. marcidus Evichson“% from Tasmania. From fasmanicus it differs in the general larger size, and in the very much larger pronotum, which also bears a different disk pattern. From marcidus it differs in the smaller size, and the lighter ‘abdomen. The description of the latter species is very imperfect. Size small; form elongate elliptical; surface moderately polished. Head projecting beyond the pronotum; the interspace between the eyes about twice that between the ocelli; eyes subreniform; antennx not quite equaling the body in length. Pronotum transverse, the greatest width posterior; anterior margin subtruncate; posterior margin broadly arcuate; lateral margins arcuate, the anterior angles not at all apparent, the posterior angles obtusely rounded; lateral portions rather abruptly depressed. Tegmina reaching to the tip of the abdomen, lanceolate, apex rather blunt; basal field rather broad, short, but slightly exceeding one-fourth the tegmina in length, sub- coriaceous; discoidal vein extending to the tip of the tegmen, costal branches numerous and rather regular; anal sulcus arcuate, slightly «Verh. Natuur. Gesch. Nederl. Overz. Bezitt., Orth., 1842, p. 240. » The originally included species are as follows: germanicus—Phyllodromia Serville, 1839. pallens. lapponicus. perspicillaris. Panzeri. nigripes. lividus. pallidus? Of the seven uneliminated species /apponicus can readily be selected as the type, as Brunner figured this species and it is the best known. ¢ Jahresheft Naturwiss. Verein. Trencséner Comitat., X VII-N VIII, 1895, p. 244, pl. vu, fig. 1. @ Archiv. f. Naturgesch., VIII, Pt. 1, 1842, p. 248. 549 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. sinuate about the middle of its length, anal field subpyriform in out- line. Wings equaling the tegmina in length. Supra-anal plate transverse; apical margin subtruncate, the median portion produced into a blunt, rounded process. Cerci fusiform, bluntly acuminate, moderately depressed, exceeding the subgenital plate by half their length. Subgenital plate rotundate, the apex produced into an acuminate process. Limbs rather robust. Anterior femora with three median, two apical spines, and five minute spines between the other groups on the anterior margin; the apical spines very large, genicular spines short and stout; tibie slightly shorter than the femora; tarsi about equal to the tibie in length. Median femora with seven evenly distributed spines on the anterior margin, the apical and median exceeding the other in size; genicular spine very long, slender, and curved; tibizs not quite equaling the femora in length; tarsi slightly exceeding the tibiz in length and about equal to the femora. Posterior femora with four large spines on the distal portion of the anterior margin, the apical exceeding the others in size; genicular spine slender, elongate, and curved; tibiz equal to the femora in length; tarsi slightly shorter than the tibiz, the metatarsi exceeding the other joints in length, arolia moderately large. General color ochraceous brown of two tints. Head rufescent brown, eyes pale. Pronotum with the disk bearing a complicated pattern of the darker tint on the paler, margin subpellucid. Tegmina with the basal field, costal margin, and veins and nervures of the paler tint on the darker. Limbs of the pale tint mottled with the darker. MEASUREMENTS. mm. Tbeneth of body 24-2492 452 Nese sdk: 5 Sea ee eee eee 8.5 hengthc of pronotumt:S.2545458 46 Bett eee 5a a eeee aes soo be ae eee 2.3 Posterior width of promotim . 225.5522 = 545 sees eae ae Se ee ee 3 Length: of ‘tegmima: 22235252 goo oe see Sone Se oe ee ess eee eee 6.5 Greatest width: of tepmina i552 52 oa Fe he cee a Sas oe ee ee oe ee SD Two additional specimens of the species from the type locality were also examined. Genus ANAPLECTA Burmeister. 1838. Anaplecta BurMeEtstEerR, Handb. d. Entom., II, p. 494. Included A. ménutissima (De Geer), lateralis Burmeister, dorsalis Burmeister, and wn7¢color Burmeister. ANAPLECTA PLATYCEPHALA, new species. Type.—Female; Cairns, Queensland. (Koebele.) [Cat. No. 6944, BES Neve] This species appears to be allied to 4. fu/va Brunner,’ from Burma, but differs in the wholly hyaline tegmina and the different proportions of the pronotum. @Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, XX XIII, 1893, p. 12. No. 1363. EARWIGS AND COCK ROACHES—REHN. 543 Size rather small; form ovate. Head strongly depressed, with the _ anterior margin arcuate, projecting considerably beyond the prono- - tum; interspace between the eyes slightly less than the long diameter of the eye; eyes elongate reniform. Pronotum transverse, depressed, hemispherical; anterior margin shallowly and broadly emarginate; pos- terior margin rotundato-truncate; lateral margins obtusely rounded. Teegmina lanceolate, apex subacute, costal margin more arcuate than the sutural; basal field very broad, occupying almost half the basal width of the tegmina, extending about two-thirds the length of the tegmen, but the distal half narrowed by the mediastine vein, and not more than half the basal width; discoidal vein straight, extending to the apex of the tegmen; costal veins regularly disposed, arcuate, the convexity toward the apex of the tegmen; anal sulcus indistinct arcu- ate, joining the sutural margin at a point distant one-third the entire length from the base. Wings about equal to the tegmina in length when in repose. Supra-anal plate rather small, triangularly produced, apex deeply and narrowly fissate. Cerci elongate, narrow, moderately depressed, apex bluntly acuminate. Subgenital plate produced, broadly channeled, apex truncate. Posterior tibie slightly exceeding the femora in length. General color pale ochraceous hyaline, suffused on the disk of the pronotum; costal margin of the wings and body with reddish ochra- ceous; eyes umber. on MEASUREMENTS. mm. © EHR OE [610i 5 I ee re a Roses cece ele 8.5 PE EER TOMER pe a eek. Cie eae ieee codete dot ad eet es wees Sees 2 nee Ta LMaD iIPEONOGUIN 32 2552" «<2. 22-04 2 oe Se ecb ee eb oeee 3 856 ape MORES eaL es rrTiayey Comeee ye Wee ge ey Soh se i St Lee eel Lee ee eet ise sce Sides 7.5 Spee ach ORbepmnin as 6. = 805 22 Lact 22 Bede eae eepeneseas-Leceeosss 3 Subfamily PSKUDOMOPIN 444 (Blattinz Auct.). Genus BLATTELLA Caudell (Phiyllodromia Auct.). 1903. Blattella CaupELL, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., V, p. 234. Type.—Bblatta germanica Linneus. BLATTELLA GERMANICA (Linnzus). 1767. [Blatta] germanica Linnaxvs, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 688. [Denmark. ] Four specimens; three females, one immature individual, Chemulpo, Korea (Dr. W. H. Jones) [A. N. 5. Phila.]. Kioto, Japan (Y. Hirase) [A. N. S. Phila.], no. 38. Japan (Koebele) [U.S.N.M.]. Trong, Lower Siam (Dr. W. L. Abbott) [U.S.N.M.]. « According to Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XIX, 1903, p. 260. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03 39 544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XVI Genus ELLIPSIDION Saussure. 1864. EHilipsidion Saussure, Mélanges Orthoptérologiques, I, p. 18. . Apolyta Brunner, Nouv, Syst. Blatt., p. 112, 1865. Type.—Thyrsocera australis Saussure= Apolyta pellucida Brunner. ELLIPSIDION HISTRIONICUM, new species. Type.—Male; Australia. (Koebele.) [Cat. No. 6945, U.S.N.M. | Apparently allied to 4. australe Saussure” (= pellucida Brunner) and 7. quadripunctatum Tepper.” From the former it differs in the truncate posterior margin and general shape of the pronotum, the longer antennz, and the brownish instead of blackish limbs. From quadripunctatum it differs in the larger size and the indefinite char- acter of the maculations on the pronotum. Size medium; form ovoid, the apex posterior. Head slightly pro- jecting beyond the pronotum, anteriorly truncate; interspace between the eyes exceeding the long diameter of one of the latter; eyes reni- form; lower surface of head deplanate; antennz about equal to the body in length, closely and densely plumose. Pronotum transverse, subovate; anterior margin narrow, truncate; posterior margin trun- cate, about twice the width of the anterior margin; lateral margins obtuse angulate, anterior angle well rounded, posterior angle broadly obtuse; pronotum as a whole arched transversely. Tegmina elongate, subparallel, extending a considerable distance beyond the tip of the abdomen; apex bluntly angulate; basal field equal to one-third the length of the tegmina, coriaceous in character; discoidal vein arcuate basally, extending to the apex of the tegmen, costal veins regularly disposed, diagonal; anal sulcus arcuate basally, anal field subpyriform. Wings equal to the tegmina in length when in repose; apex narrowly rounded, costal margin arcuate, proximal costal veins apically incras- sate; ulnar vein with five complete rami. Abdomen with the lateral angles of the segments slightly produced posteriorly. Supra-anal plate broad, shallow, triangularly produced, apex with a shallow V-shaped fissure. Cerci lanceolate, depressed, apex acuminate. Subgenital plate triangularly produced, apex deeply and narrowly fissate. Anterior femora with one large apical spine on the external margin; posterior margin with three spines in the distal half, the apical one largest, genicular spine large; tibie not equal to the femora, but equaling the tarsi in length. Median femora with seven spines on the anterior margin, the apical one surpassing the others in size, pos- terior margin with five spines, the apical surpassing the others, gen- icular spine strong; tibix very slightly shorter than the femora; tarsi slightly shorter than the tibie. Posterior femora with the anterior “Mélanges Orthoptérologiques, I, p. 18. >Trans. and Proc. and Rep. Royal Soc. South Aust., XVII, p. 45. “No. 1363. EARWIGS AND COCKROACHES—REAN. 545 and posterior margins each armed with six evenly disposed spines, genicular spine strong; tibie slightly exceeding the femora in length; tarsi about two-thirds the length of the tibi, arolia large. General color orange ochraceous. Head with the lower surface black; eyes, interspace between the same and antenn deep red-brown. Pronotum with the disk reddish orange, with an overlaid irregular pattern of dull brownish. Tegmina of the general tint, veins and nervures subpellucid. Wings of the general tint strongest on the costal margin, the apex with a suffusion of umber. Abdomen above blackish brown; beneath, the same tint, each segment, except the apical ones, margined both posteriorly and laterally with cream color; cerci straw yellow. Coxe blackish brown with a narrow lateral margin of cream color. Femora, tibie, and tarsi, red-brown, the femora with blackish-brown genicular patches. MEASUREMENTS. mm. EES ees Shcyctlaet AA gS ge oa Pe 11.5 INIPEPL MEN MMs en a ne ee ol aus eta Sade 3.5 EMEREMMeEG! PCONGRUIMN. 2 2. 22S 2 on cos seca ce ccs ou sees dee = st ee 5.8 NEDA MUR RPI te as ois sa eine tds serine sons eee tao sees 13.1 SRRIUMCRMrRmL CTs vee te th EOS eb be god lsle st sense css 5 Genus THYRSOCERA Burmeister. 1838. Thyrsocera Burmeister, Handb. der Ent., I], p. 498. — Hemithyrsocera Saussure, Societas Entomologica, VIII, 1893, p. 57. Of the ten included species (spectabilis, crinicornis, cincta, apfinis, ftavipes, laticornis, histrio, oblongata, annulicornis, and hirticornis) all are congeneric with oblongata (the type of Pseudomops Serville), except spectabilis and histrio, of which the former may be considered the type. THYRSOCERA NIGRA Brunner. 1865. Th[yrsocera] nigra Brunner, Nouy. Syst. Blatt., p. 120; East Indies. One female; Trong, LowerSiam. (Dr. W. L. Abbott.) [U.S.N.M.] This species has also been recorded from Burma and Tenasserim. THYRSOCERA HISTRIO Burmeister. 1838. Thyrsocera histrio Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., Il, p. 499; Java. Two males; Goenong, Soegi, Lampong, Sumatra. Oct.—Noy., 1901, =5" (A. C. Harrison, jr., and Dr. H. M. Hiller.) [A. N. S. Phila. ] THYRSOCERA TESSELLATA, new species. Type.—Male (immature); Trong, Lower Siam. (Dr. W. L. Abbott.) [Cat. No. 6946, U.S.N.M.] This peculiar form does not appear to be closely related to any of the previously known forms. 546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL Size small; form ovoid; apex anteriorly depressed; surface pol- ished. Head projecting very slightly beyond the pronotum; the interspace between the eyes considerably greater than that between the ocelli; eyes reniform. Pronotum with the greatest width poste- riorly; anterior margin narrow, truncate; posterior margin sub- truncate, three times the width of the anterior margin; lateral margin arcuate, anterior angles well rounded, posterior angles narrowly rounded. Abdomen strongly depressed, each segment of the lateral margin slightly projecting posteriorly; ventral segments, except the two apical ones, bearing evenly distributed longitudinal folds, which extend about the whole depth of the segment. Supra-anal plate transverse, very slightly produced, apex very slightly and very shal- lowly emarginate. Cerci fusiform, very slightly depressed, the apex acuminate, supplied with long stiff bristles. Subgenital plate not prominent, the apical margin slightly produced, truncate; styles unequal, one stout and acuminate, the other minute. Anterior femora with twelve spines on the anterior margin, restricted to the median and distal portions, the proximal two and apical two the largest in the series; posterior margin with five spines restricted to the median and distal portions, no genicular spine; tibize two-thirds the length of the femora; tarsi equal to the femora in length. Median femora with six spines on each margin, genicular spine slender; tibie about equal to the femora in length; tarsi shorter than the tibize, the metatarsi equal to the other joints in length. Posterior femora with six spines on each margin, genicular spine slender and about equal in length to the apical spine on the anterior margin; tibie slightly exceeding the femora in length; tarsi about two-thirds the length of the tibix, metatarsi about equal to the remaining: tarsal joints in length, arolia rather small. General color whitish gray, mottled and sprinkled with blacki Head with the lower surface evenly sprinkled with spots of dark brown, interspace between the eyes with three longitudinal streaks of brown; eyes mahogany brown. Pronotum heavily blotched cen- trally with black, the overlying tint forming distinct spots as the lateral margins are approached, and also decreasing in size; median portion of the pronotum bearing two longitudinal streaks of whitish gray. Mesonotum and metanotum with a color pattern very similar to that of the pronotum, except for the absence of spots on the lateral portions and the infuscation of the posterior margin. Abdomen with the basic tint black, the folds of the segments and the apical portions of the two terminal segments dull grayish; ventral surface of the abdomen blackish centrally, blackish and grayish marmorate laterally. Cerci grayish, a touch of black on the basal portion of the upper surface. Limbs yellowish gray, each longitudinal marked with a single distinct line of black, which is more or less broken. - * . No. 1363, EARWIGS AND COCKROACHES—REHN. 547 MEASUREMENTS. EE Rie aaa ain ois wei aS ons wna iiss eee aS towdiewa wegen an 7.5 NTS CM Si So ae a 8 inn mec nen mt acweaae- oie ce One Prentestrwiccun Of Pronotum.-.-....=-----.-..-.-. =.- ernign ites aoe ee Aa eee ee 3.5 Subfamily HPILAMPRIN 4%. Genus CALOLAMPRA Saussure. 1893. Calolampra Saussurg, Societas Entomologiea, VIII, p. 57. Type.— C. gracilis (Brunner).“ CALOLAMPRA GRACILIS (Brunner). 1865. Epilampra gracilis BRUNNER, Nouy. Syst. Blatt., p. 170, pl. rv, fig. 20; Port Adelaide and Sydney, Australia; Tasmania. Three females; Australia. (Koebele.) [U.S.N.M. | CALOLAMPRA PEDISEQUA, new species. Type.—Male; Trong, Lower Siam. (Dr. W. L. Abbott.) [Cat. No. 6947, U.S.N.M. ] Allied to C. aspera Tepper,’ from Australia, but differing in the coloration and the differently shaped pronotum. Nothing further can be determined from Tepper’s description. Size medium; form depressed, ovate; surface rugulose. Head slightly projecting beyond the pronotum; interspace between the eyes half again as wide as that between the ocelli; lower surface of head deplanate; eyes subpyriform, the posterior portion strongly compressed; antenne not equal to half the length of the body, third joint slightly exceeding the basal one in length. Pronotum hemispherical in outline; anterior and lateral margins arcuate; posterior margin subtruncate, slightly produced centrally; postero- lateral angles very narrowly rounded. Mesonotum and metano- tum with the posterior margins concave, the latter being slightly produced in the middle, these margins bearing a transverse series of longitudinally disposed folds or scars. Abdomen with the pos tero-lateral angles of the segments not produced; each segment bearing a series of ‘‘scars” similar to those on the mesonotum and metanotum, though somewhat larger in size and more distinct in character; ventral surface with evenly distributed pustules. Supra-anal plate transverse, the apex broadly and shallowly emar- ginate. Cerci short, stout, conical, not equaling the supra-anal plate in length. Subgenital plate strongly transverse, narrow, with a mod- erately deep V-shaped. emargination; styles minute and lateral. Anterior femora with the anterior border bearing three or four sub- «According to Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XIX, 1903, p. 274. » Trans. and Proc. and Rep. Royal Soc. South Aust., XVII, p. 62. 548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXvI, median ‘and one apical large spine, ‘between which groups are ranged a series of minute, comb-like spines, posterior margin with five rather even and regularly distributed spines, no genicular spine present; tibize not quite two-thirds the length of the femora; tarsal joints about equal to the tibiz in length. Median femora with four rather short and stout spines on the anterior margin, posterior margin with five spines, no genicular spine present; tibize almost equaling the femora in length; tarsi slightly shorter than the tibiz; metatarsi very dis- tinctly longer than the terminal joint. Posterior femora with four well-spaced, blunt median and one apical spine on the anterior margin; posterior margin with four spines, basal one very small, none apical, genicular spine rather short, but quite distinct; tibize exceeding the femora by about one-third the length of the latter; metatarsi about equal to the other tarsal joints in length, external face of the meta- tarsi bearing a longitudinal row of fine teeth, inferior face bearing two parallel, closely placed rows of the same, pulvilli triangular and apical, arolia minute. General color wood brown. Head with the superior surface and the interocular interspace pale ochraceous, finely punctate with brown; ocelli pale ochraceous; lower surface, eyes, and antenne black- ish brown. Abdomen with the ‘‘scars” slightly darker in color than the surrounding tint. Femora darker in color than the other portions of the limbs; trochanters very pale wood brown. MEASUREMENTS. mm Length: of body: 35-2-24-222 anes es Oe ee ee Ee re ee 23 hength of pronotum.: 2222224 eee a ee ee ee 6 Length of pronotum- 26 soso Ses eS See 8 See ee eee ae ee 10.5 Greatest width of abdomen: : 222... 2 55. .24222) =soens eee eeneeeeee beans 12.7 Genus EPILAMPRA Burmeister. 1838. Epilampra Brunner, Handb. d. Entom., II, p. 504. Type.—FE. nebulosa Burmeister.@ EPILAMPRA TRONGANA, new species. Types.—Male and female; Trong, Lower Siam. (Dr. W. L. Abbott.) [Cat. No. 6948, U.S.N.M. | Allied to 2. lineaticollis Bolivar,’ from Trichinopoly, and £. gemz- nata Brunner,’ from Kina Balu, Borneo. From the former it differs in the very amen ees and from the latter in the non- emarginate apex of the tegmina. The description of the latter is so unsatisfactory that little can be made out of, it. The common « According to Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XIX, 1903, p. 271. b Ann. Soc. Ent., France, LX VI, p. 298. ¢ Abhandl. Seance Naturforsch. Gesellsch., XXIV Pt. 2). 2208: o No. 1363. EARWIGS AND COCKROACHES—REHN. 549 East Indian species /. nebulosa Burmeister differs in theform of the pronotum, the elongate anal field of the tegmina, the more acuminate apex of the tegmina, and the broader subgenital andmore rounded supraanat plates of the male. Male.—Size medium; form elongate-oyate. Head projecting con- siderably beyond the pronotum, the anterior margin subtruncate; interspace between the eyes and that between the ocelli equal; ocelli large, touching the eyes; eyes irregularly reniform, the greatest depth anteriorly; antenne not quite equaling the body in length. Pronotum heptagonal; anterior margin truncate; posterior margin obtuse angu- late; postero-lateral margins shorter than any of the others; all angles blunt and rounded; lateral portions of the pronotum depressed. Teg- mina elongate, considerably exceeding the apex of the abdomen; costal margin gently arcuate, sutural margin straight, apex very obtusely rounded; basal field equal to one-third the length of the tegmina; costal viens numerous and sublongitudinal in character; ulnar vein with seven distinct rami; anal sulcus very slightly arcuate, anal field reaching two-fifths the way to the apex of the tegmen. Supra-anal plate produced, bilobate, the centrally fissure quite deep. Cerci broken. Subgenital plate produced, subtruncate. Anterior femora with five large median, one apical, and an intermediate series of minute spines on the anterior margin, posterior margin with five medium- sized spines, no genicular spine present; tibiee about three-fourths the length of the femora; tarsi exceeding the tibiz and not equaling the femora in length. Median femora with four evenly distributed spines on the median and distal portions of the anterior margin, pos- terior margin with four spines, none of which are apical, genicular spine rather short; tibize equal to the femora in length; tarsi consider- ably shorter than the femora, metatarsi almost equal to the remaining tarsal joints. Posterior femora with four spines on each margin, genicular spine of moderate size; tibie one and one-fourth the length of the femora; tarsi three-fifths the length of the tibiw, metatarsi equal to the remaining joints in length, the two lateral and two ven- tral angles supplied with rows of moderate-sized teeth, pulvilli rotun- date, apical, arolia triangular and of rather large size. Female.—Size rather large. Head with the interspace between the eyes almost twice that between the ocelli; ocelli not touching the eyes; antennx equal to about three-fifths the length of the body. Pronotum similar to the male, except that the anterior and antero-lateral margins form a continuous are. Wings equal to the tegmina in length when in repose; costal margin strongly arcuate apically, apex subangulate; ulnar vein bearing about sixteen complete rami and a number of incomplete ramifications. Supra-anal plate produced, bilobate, the fissure —-shaped. Cerci elongate fusiform, depressed, apex acuminate, not equaling the supra-anal plate in length. Subgenital plate very large, rotundate; 550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXVIIL. apex with a very shallow, hardly perceptible emargination; the broad, shallow cercal emargination bordered externally by a sharp denti- form process. General color ashy-gray brown, clouded more or less distinetly with wood brown. Head with the interorbital and the interocellar regions dark wood brown in the male, unmarked in the female; eyes and antenne dark wood brown. Pronotum without a distinet pattern, but closely and finely punctate with the darker tint; in the male the pos- terior margin bears several short transversely distributed longitudinal streaks of dark brown. Tegmina with the peculiar markings charac- teristic of the paler species of the genus; base of the discoidal vein and the entire anal sulcus brokenly marked with black. Wings with the median costal margin suffused with orange yellow, the apex with wood brown. MEASUREMENTS. Male. | Female. mm. | mim. eng thiol bodyaeeee sees sae ode Ma oa e rae oS ase see ae aD SS Hee nee eee a aeerel 29.2 33 Mength of pronotums 2: «5 lai sess Se cae oe cee eee tes oe = eee ee ne eee ee 6.5 8.5 Greatest width of pronotum = 2.2 ss oe sce cso to cee selene cee oe eee eeee 8 10.2 eneth of tegminay. 52a 252 cee ose an sete eee ee cee ihe setae sane eee 295 35.5 Greatest width of tegmina........-..-...- BERT ME Se AO ee a ee AER Se ee ees 8.5 9.5 EPILAMPRA BADIA Brunner. 1865. E[pilampra] badia Brunner, Nouy. Syst. Blatt., p. 189; Java. Four specimens; one male, three females; Trong, Lower Siam. (Dr. W. L. Abbott.) [U.S.N.M.] EPILAMPRA MOLOCH, new species. Type.—Female, Trong, Lower Siam. (Dr. W. L. Abbott.) [Cat. No. 6949, U.S.N.M. | This magnificent and striking form does not appear to be closely allied to any of the previously described species of the genus. In general superficial appearance it resembles /. badia very closely, but it is readily differentiated by the form of the supra-anal plate and the proportions of the posterior tarsal joints. Size large; form elongate ovate. Head projecting somewhat beyond the pronotum, anterior margin very slightly arcuate; interspace between the eyes almost twice as wide as that between the ocelli; ocelli of medium size, not touching the eye; eyes elongate, strongly com- pressed in the median and posterior portions; antennz almost equaling the body in length. Pronotum subheptagonal in outline; anterior and antero-lateral margins arcuate; posterior margins obtuse angulate, postero-lateral margins very short; all the angles very broadly rounded except the posterior and the lateral pair which are blunt; lateral por- No. 1363. EARWIGS AND COCKROACHES—REHN. 55] tions considerably depressed. Tegmina elongate, considerably exceed- ing the tip of the abdomen; costal margin broadly arcuate, apex damaged; basal field rather elongate, almost equaling the anal field in length, subcoriaceous; anal sulcus rather evenly arcuate. Supra- anal plate strongly produced, bilobate, apex of the lobes much nearer the internal than the external margin, fissure between the lobes V-shaped and moderately deep. Cerci elongate, narrow, subequal, apically acuminate, slightly depressed. Subgenital plate broad; median por- tion subtruncate, with two slight rounded lobes centrally, cercal emarginations slight. Anterior femora with three to five spines on the anterior margin, two of which are apical, the others median, pos- terior margin with four or five spines, one of which is apical, no genicular spine; tibize two-thirds the length of the femora; tarsal joints almost equal to the femora in length, metatarsi not more than three- fifths the length of the terminal joint. Median femora bearing three or four spines on the median and distal sections of the anterior margin, posterior margin with five spines, the apical one small, genicular spine short; tibize equal to the femora in length; tarsi equal to the tibiz or femora in length, metatarsi slightly longer than the terminal joint. Posterior femora with four subequal spines on the anterior margin, posterior margin with four spines, none of which are apical, genicular spine about equal to the other femoral spines in size; tibize one and two-thirds the length of the femora; tarsi equal to the femora in length, metatarsi exceeding the remaining joints in length, lower surface bearing two longitudinal, subcontiguous rows of minute teeth; pul- villi triangular and apical; arolia triangular and of medium size. General color, dark vinaceous. Head and under surface, dull ochra- ceous brown; tibiz and tarsi of the posterior limbs of the general tint, the larger spines with a pale median annulus. Eyes dull umber; antenne pale red-brown. Pronotum minutely punctate with blackish brown, also with a few clouded irregular blotches of red-brown along the posterior margins. MEASUREMENTS. mm. SEBUM wae ete Fe A So Ls. Sout weve ea ssh REL et 49.6 a pMIN EL MEROTUON se eo hei tadone cw acme ebiane en hens Lisa Greatest width of pronotum.-------- Sens Sis ck archi See SS RE eg Se OE eh ie 15.5 NEHER IRE CRITI ls cee ot a ea ois ng od eek on ease oem 46+- Dee MMTINRGTRLCO MN ak ke oe i oe eek ne ne wige nen 14.9 Genus RHICNODA Brunner. 1893. Rhicnoda Brunner, Ann. Mus. Ciy. Stor. Nat. Genova, XXXITI, p. 30. Included species, 2. rugosa and 7. spinulosa Brunner. Of these, rugosa may be selected as the type. 55Q PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. RHICNODA RUGOSA Brunner. 1893. R[hicnoda] rugosa BruNNER, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, X XXIII, p. 31; Carin Cheba, Carin Gheet (1,300-1,400 meters) , mountains of Catcin Cauri, Kokareet, Burma; Mooleyit, Tenasserim (1,200-1,400 meters); Palon Pegu; Java. One immature female; Goenong Soegi, Lampong, Sumatra. Oct.- Noy.,, 1901... (A: C. Harrison,, jr.,-and D._ HM. ; Hiller:) 5 [AG Nee Phila. | RHICNODA DESIDIOSA, new species. Type.—Female (immature); Trong, Lower Siam. (Dr. W. L. Abbott.) [Cat. No. 6950, U.S.N.M.] Apparently closest allied to 2. refleva Saussure and Zehntner,@ from Nicaragua, from which it differs in the broader pronotum, in the larger size, and the broader supra-anal plate. No relationship exists with either of the Old World species (rugosa and spinulosa Brunner), or with 2. /aminata Brunner, from St. Vincent. Size rather large; form ovate, depressed; surface rugose. Head completely hidden under the pronotum, anterior border subtruncate; interspace between the eyes slightly less than that between the ocelli; ocelli rather small, touching the eyes; eyes elongate, median and poste- rior sections strongly depressed; antenne short, not equal to half the length of the body; lower surface of the head deplanate, the inter- antennal region concave. Pronotum transverse, subtriangular, apex anteriorly; lateral margins uncurved, meeting at an angle anteriorly; posterior margin very broadly obtuse angulate, lateral angles very nar- rowly rounded, the posterior margin supplied with a transverse series of nodes or folds; disk and cephalic boss of the pronotum well elevated above the comparatively flat lateral portions. Mesonotum and meta- notum with their posterior margins emarginate, in the metanotum with a slight median projection, each supplied on the median portion of the posterior margin with a transverse series of eight to ten longi- tudinal folds. Abdomen with tbe lateral portions of each segment produced posteriorly, but not into a sharp dentiform process; poste- rior margin of each segment bearing a transverse series of longitudi- nally placed folds. Supra-anal plate produced, triangular, the apex with a wide triangular emargination. Cerci short, strongly depressed, apex blunt. Subgenital plate large, transverse, the median portion subtruncate, the apical region very broadly arcuate, cercal emargina- tion slight. Anterior femora with the anterior margin bearing four or five large median, one or two large apical, and an intermediate series of very short, minute spines, posterior margin with five spines, no genicular spine present; tibive about half the length of the femora; tarsi equal to the tibize in length. Median femora bearing four or « Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 68, pl. rv, fig. 35. 7 NO. 1363. EARWIGS AND COCKROACHES—REHN. 553 five spines on the anterior margin, one of which is apical and the others median, posterior margin with six spines, two of which are subapical, genicular spine short; tibiz about three-fourths the length of the femora; tarsi not equaling the tibie in length. Posterior femora with four spines on the distal half of the anterior margin, posterior margin with three median spines, genicular spine very short and stout; tibiz one and one-fourth the length of the femora; tarsi about half the length of the femora, metatarsi slightly shorter than the other joints combined, pulvilli of the metatarsi extending to the base of the joint as a narrow line, flanked by a row of minute teeth; arolia of rather large size. General color, wood brown, on the thoracic segments obscurely punctate with darker brown. Cephalic boss and disk of the prono- tum and the median portions of the meso- and metanotum reddish brown. Posterior margins of the thoracic and abdominal segments edged with dark brown. Eyes blackish brown, mottled with paler brown. Antenne gray brown, except the basal joint, which is umber. MEASUREMENTS. mm. EEN caer ree Se Jae ese 2 Soe tak doadeas Chas she tecececosbee 26.5 NRMP CRELGHELICII ON tere ets AE SSE aol ce see cones lot esol eee 8.5 mera On PrONoOuuins 22A02.\: |. ./)2oc - Hs 2222 2) SL see est eet ls 14.0 Bee eee chet MICSONOUUIMN:< —- - 2. - bose lela s oe acdsee eam sets obese = menses 17.9 Denmreravint mora pd Oinell! | .— 825.205 52). = ia cece aeons ee wince nee c eee 15.0 Subfamily BLATTIN AD (Periplanetine wuct) Genus DORYLAEA Stal. 1877. Dorylaea Sri, Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akadem. Férhandlingar, 1877, No. 10, p. 37. Type.—D. brunneri Stal. DORYLAEA RHOMBIFOLIA (Stoll). 1813. [Blatta] Rhombifolia Sroii, Natuurlijke Afbeeldingen en Beschrijvingen; De Kakkerlakken, pp. 5 and 14, pl. 1 d, fig. 3. One male; Mananjara, Madagascar, May 28, 1895. (Dr. W. L. Abbott.) [U.S.N.M. | DORYLAEA PICEA (Brunner). 1865. Periplaneta picea BruNNER, Nouy. Syst. Blatt., p. 228; Sambelong Island, Nicobar group. One male and one female; Trong, Lower Siam. (Dr. W. L. Abbott.) [U.S.N.M.] Genus BLATTA Linneeus. 1758. Blatta Linnxvus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., ». 424. Type.— Blatta orientalis Linnveus. 554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. BLATTA ORIENTALIS Linnzus. 1758. [Blatta] orientalis Linnxzus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p.424; ‘‘America, Oriente: imprimis in farina, Pane, ete., hodie in Russize adjacentibus regionibus fre- quens: incepit nuperis temporibus Holmize, uti dudum in Finlandia.”’ Three immature males: Yokohama, Japan. (Rey. H. Loomis.) [A. N. Caudell.] Kioto, Japan. (Y. Hirase.) [A. N.S. Phila.] BLATTA SENECTA, new species. Type.—Female: Zulu Mission, South Africa. [A. N.S. Phila. ] Closely allied to B. anthracina (Branesik) “ from the Zambesi region, but differing in the smaller size, the truncate sixth dorsal abdominal segment, and the undivided supra-anal plate. Size medium; form subovate; dorsal surface, except the anterior and lateral margins of the pronotum punctate, becoming rugose and subcoriaceous in character on the abdomen. Head projecting beyond the pronotum, the anterior border arcuate; interspace between the eyes one and two-thirds of that between the ocelli; ocelli rather small, well removed from the eyes; antenne almost equaling the body in length, second and third segments subequal in length; eyes rather elongate, irregularly reniform, the greatest depth anterior. Pronotum broader than long; the anterior and lateral margins rather evenly arcuate, a slight truncation anteriorly; posterior margin truncate, lateral angles rather narrowly rounded; the pronotum arcuate trans- versely. Mesonotum and metanotum with the posterior margins broadly and evenly emarginate. Tegmina very slightly exceeding the mesonotum in length, costal margin arcuate, apex -subtruncate. Abdomen with the posterior margins of the dorsal aspect of the six basal segments truncate or subtruncate; seventh segment with the margin sinuate, the slightly produced median portion being very broadly and very shallowly emarginate. Supra-anal plate produced, subtriangular, tectate; apex broadly rounded. Cerci subfusiform, depressed greatest width proximal, apex acuminate. Subgenital plates together rostrate, triangular, the apical angles acute. Anterior femora with twelve spines on the median and apical portions of the anterior margin, the median and extreme apical ones largest, posterior margin with two spines on the apical portion, the terminal one very large, no genicular spine present; tibize about three-fourths the length of the femora; tarsi slightly exceeding the tibiz in length, metatarsi slightly exceeding the terminal tarsal joint in length, pulvilli extend- ing two-thirds the way to the base of the metatarsi. Median femora with six spines on the median and distal portions of the anterior mar- gin, posterior margin with five evenly distributed spines, genicular aJahresheft des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines des Treneséner Comitates, XVII-X VIII, p. 244, pl. vi, fig. 2. — NO. 1363. EARWIGS AND COCKROACHES—RERN. 555 ' spine equal to the spines on the posterior margin in ier aise tibize about equal to the femora in length; tarsi slightly shorter than the tibix, metatarsi not quite equal to the remaining joints in length, pulvilli extending almost to the base of the metatarsi. Posterior femora with five spines on the median and distal portions of the ante- rior margin, posterior margin with five spines, genicular spine rather small; tibiz about one and one-fourth the length of the femora; tarsi equal to the femora in length, metatarsi equal to the remaining joints of the tarsi in length, pulvilli of the metatarsi small and apical, the lower surface bearing two parallel rows of moderately sized spines, arolia rather small. General color dull blackish to blackish brown. Apical margins of the clypeus and labrum dull orange. MEASUREMENTS. Wm. REM RMEIAIN TOC) Were tt ts sen eee A ha oi Saino creda oes se Seq see +s -S-m 5 17.5 BPEPETBNLOUOL MM ee sees esis a eosin cece send ac fees enerssee 5.0 Rete sa Wau On PYOROLUME 22.2 cote. cce soot te eats ee ce sces eG bea- ones 7.0 eatentawa Guhl orm GtamObUIM 25. Seac'- = ho Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., XI, p. 406. No. 1363. EARWIGS AND COCKROACHES—REHNN. 55g PARANAUPHCTA LYRATA Burmeister. 1838. N[aupheta] lyraia Burmeister, Handb. d. Entom., II, p. 508; Java. Two females; Trong, Lower Siam. (Dr. W. L. Abbott.) [U.S.N.M. ] This species has been recorded from Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Malacca, Johore, and Assam. Subfamily PANESTHIN =. Genus PANESTHIA Serville. 1831. Panesthia SERvILLE, Ann. Sci. Nat., XXII, p. 38. Type.—P. javanica Serville. PANESTHIA JAVANICA Serville. 1831. Panesthia javanica SERVILLE, Ann. Sci. Nat., XXII, p. 38; Java. Four females (three larval); Trong, Lower Siam. (Dr. W. L. Abbott.) [U.S.N.M.] This species has been recorded from Burma and Cambodia to Java, PANESTHIA CETRIFERA, new species. Type.—Female: Australia (Koebele) [U.S.N.M.] Closely allied to P. ferruginipes Brunner,” from an unknown locality, but differing in the more reddish-brown coloration, and the bispinose anterior femora. Size medium; form depressed, elongate ovoid, apex anterior; sur- face punctate, very sparsely so anteriorly and increasing in intensity until on the supra-anal and subgenital plates it is distinctly cribrose. Head projecting slightly beyond the pronotum, the anterior border arcuate; interocular space very broad, considerably greater than that between the ocelli; ocelli very minute, distant from the eyes; antennx hardly equal to the pronotum in length, third joint not quite equal to the first; eyes pyriform, apex posteriorly. Pronotum transverse; anterior margin subtruncate; lateral margins arcuate; the antero- lateral angles rounded; posterior margin subtruncate, slightly emar- ginate laterally; postero-lateral angles obtuse, the extreme angle rounded; pronotum as a whole arcuate transversely. Mesonotum and metanotum with the median portion and lateral angles of the posterior margins moderately produced. Abdomen with the posterior margin of the first and second dorsal segments arcuate, of the third and fourth transverse, of the fifth and sixth shallow emarginate, the lateral angles of all bluntly produced posteriorly; seventh dorsal seg- ment large, with the posterior margin truncate, the lateral angles produced posteriorly as sharp dentiform processes. Supra anal plate large, transverse, the posterior margin arcuate, distinctly crenulate, a Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, XX XIII, 1893, p. 53. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03——40 560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVI. the cercal emargination distinct and bordered internally by a strongly developed, broad, dentiform process. Cerci very short and broad, triangular, depressed. Subgenital plate very broad, the margin rotundate; the cercal emarginations quite distinct, and bordered exter- nally by a very distinct shoulder. Anterior femora with the anterior margin bearing two closely placed median spines, posterior margin with a very stout apical spine, no genicular spine present; tibize about two-thirds the length of the femora; tarsi about two-thirds the length of the tibie, the terminal joint equal to all the others in length. Median femora with both margins unarmed, no genicular spine present; tibie almost equal to the femora in length; tarsi slightly shorter than the tibie, metatarsi about equal to the terminal joint in length. Pos- terior femora with the margins unarmed, no genicular spine present; tibia exceeding the femora by about one-fourth the length of the latter; tarsi about two-thirds the length of the tibiz, metatarsi and the terminal joints subequal, arolia absent. General color dark reddish-brown, becoming ochraceous brown on the limbs. Eyes pitch black. Lower portion of clypeus golden ochraceous, the labrum ochraceous brown. MEASUREMENTS. mm, Length obbody os-22 22... See eee se Seat ee eee eee 19 Length/of pronotumiet. 3: 225 Se = 3 eee 2 he eee oe Se eet eee eae rere 4.5 Greatest widthyoispromo tumee ss ae ete a ee eee ee eee i Greatest widthi.of mesonotum 2_ hesicc22 2-.2d. Bee SA Oe ee oe ae ees 8.5 Greatestwidth: ol metanotum)-55 5:22 =: sss oces ee aoe See eee eee eee Omi Greatest: width: ofvalodom erly = ce ees cera ee eee ee ce 10 STUDIES IN AMERICAN MANTIDS OR SOOTHSAYERS. By James A. G. Renn, Of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The specimens treated in the following pages are contained in the collections of the United States National Museum and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The greater part of the material is from the Costa Rican collection of Messrs. Schild and Burgdorf, and the Cuban collection made by Messrs. Palmer and Riley. The author wishes to thank Dr. W. H. Ashmead of the United States National Museum for the privilege of examining the material from the collections under his charge. Subfamily ORTHODERIN 2. Genus CHCZERADODIS Serville. 1831. Cheradodis Servitie, Ann. Sci. Nat., XXII, p. 50. Included strumaria (Fabricius), hyalina (Stoll), and laticollis Ser- ville. CHCRADODIS RHOMBICOLLIS ( Latreille) ; 1833. Mantis rhombicollis Larrer.ur, in Humboldt and Bonpland, Rec. Obsery. Zool., Il, p. 103, pl. xxxix, figs. 2 and 3; Equatorial America. One male; San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua. [U.S.N.M.] Subfamily MANTIN 4“. Genus ACONTISTA Saussure. 1838. Acontistes BurMEiIstER, Handb. der Entom., II, p.542. (Not of Sundevyall, 1835. ) 1870. Acontista Saussure, in Mélang. Orthoptérolog., Pt. 3, p. 175. Mantis tricolor Burmeister= Mantis concinna Perty.“ Type. “The originally included species were as follows: sancta—Stagmatoptera. supplicaria—Stagmatoptera. cingulata— Theoclytes. tricolor. prasina—Calidomantis (Miomantis auct.). The type is seen to be tricolor (=concinnu Perty), the only uneliminated species. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXVII—No. 1364. 561 562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. ACONTISTA MEXICANA Saussure and Zehntner. 1894. Acontista mexicana SaussuRE and ZEHNTNER, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 185; Cordova, Atoyac, Guerrero, Mexico; Chontales, Nicaragua; Bugaba (800-1,500 feet), Volcan de Chiriqui (2,000-3,000 feet), Panama. Two females; Piedras Negras and Turrialba, Costa Rica. (Schild and Burgdorf.) [U.S.N.M. ] The specimen from Turrialba is quite different from the other individual in the intensity of the coloration, but the pattern is almost identical. Even after due consideration of the importance of color characters in this genus, I have no hesitation in referring it to mexicana, but to aid future workers I have appended a description of the coloration. General color dull lemon yellow, the tegmina with several very obscure diagonal streaks of pale brownish. Eyes pale wood brown. Wings with the basal portion of the posterior field bright lemon, which color also suffuses two-thirds of the anterior field; band of the wing dark chocolate, equal to half the length on the posterior field, narrowing to a rather small blotch on the anterior field, and not reaching the costal margin; apex of the wing and half of the periphery of the posterior field pellucid, widest toward the costal margin, gradually narrowing and vanishing posteriorly. ACONTISTA FRATERNA Saussure and Zehntner. 1894. Acontista fraterna SaussuRE and Zeunrner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p- 186; Caché, Costa Rica. One female; Tucurrique, Costa Rica. (Schild and Burgdorf.) [U.S.N.M.] ACONTISTA VITREA Saussure and Zehntner. 1894. Acontista vitrea SAussURE and ZeEHNTNER, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 138, pl. vi, fig. 9; Atoyac, Mexico; Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui (2,000- 3,000 feet), Panama. Two males; Piedras Negras, Costa Rica. (Schild and Burgdorf.) [U.S.N.M. ] As suggested by the original describers“ this species probably represents the male of A. fraterna. Genus STAGMOMANTIS Saussure. 1869. Stagmomantis SaussuRE, Bull. Soc. Ent. Suisse, III, p. 56. Type.— Gryllus carolinus Linneus.? @ Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 136. bOriginally included species; carolina, tolteca, stollii, ferox, domingensis, nahua, and azteca. As none of these have been eliminated, carolina may be selected as the type. .. 1364. AMERICAN MANTIDS—REHN. 563 ; STAGMOMANTIS NAHUA Saussure. 1869. StLagmomantis] nahua Saussure, Bull. Soc. Entom. Suisse, Il, p. 65; Mexico. ‘One male; San José, Costa Rica. (Schild and Buredorf.) [U.S.N.M. |] STAGMOMANTIS HETEROGAMIA Saussure and Zehntner. 1894. Stagmomantis heterogamia SaussuRE and ZeANTNER, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 142, pl. vu, figs. 2 and 3; Bugaba (800-1500 feet), Panama. Three males; Tucurrique, Costa Rica. (Schild and Burgdorf.) [U.S.N.M.] STAGMOMANTIS THEOPHILA, new species. Type.—Male; Turrialba, Costa Rica. (Schild and Burgdorf.) [Cat. No. 6952 USN ME] Allied 6 S. venusta and S. Sees Saussure and Zehntner,@ but differing from both in the much greater size, the denticulate mar- gins of the pronotum, and in the absence of fuscous maculations on the tegmina and wings. Size rather large; form elongate and slender. Head considerably broader than deep; eyes ovoid when viewed laterally; facial shield strongly transverse, obtuse angulate; ocelli closely placed; antennz extending somewhat beyond the posterior margin of the pronotum. Pronotum with the collar broader than any portion of the shaft, the latter strongly compressed centrally, the longitudinal median carina faint and not visible on the posterior third; supracoxal dilations not strongly marked; margins of the collar, lobes, and anterior half of the shaft with well-marked denticles. Tegmina transparent, elongate, slightly exceeding the abdomen in length; sutural and costal margins subparallel, apex subangulate; costal field comparatively wide, of appreciable width for about half the length of the tegmina, surface sparsely and irregularly reticulate; stigma transparent and hardly visible. Wings elongate, slightly exceeding the tegmina in length when in repose, transparent. Abdomen elongate, slender, very con- siderably depressed. Supra-anal plate small, triangular, apex rounded. Cerci exceeding the subgenital plate in length, very strongly depressed; apex rather blunt. Subgenital plate rather large, triangularly pro- duced; apex narrowly truncate and supplied with two very minute, simple styles. Anterior coxe supplied with five or six large denti- form spines on the lower margin; femora rather slender, exceeding the coxe by over one-fourth of their length, external margin bearing four large spines, discoidal spines four in number; apical half of the internal margin bearing a continuous row of alternating large and small spines; tibiw about equal to half the length of the femora, spines «Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, pp. 142 and 145. 564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. on the external margin eleven or twelve in number, increasing in size toward the apex, the basal portion of the margin unarmed, internal margin with thirteen or fourteen spines, the series continuing to the proximal portion of the joint; tarsi very slender, metatarsi exceeding the other joints in length and but slightly shorter than the tibia (with- out apical claw). Median and posterior limbs slender; metatarsi of the median limbs shorter than the remaining joints, of the posterior limbs subequal. General color pale pea green, becoming brownish on the pronotun. Eyes, antenne, and coxal spines rich wood brown. Tegmina hyaline, the costal margin with a faint greenish-white suffu- sion, the region of the anterior radial vein bearing a line of pale pea green. Wings hyaline, costal margin with a very pale suffusion of pea green. Cerci and median and posterior tarsal joints (exclusive of the metatarsi) wood brown. MEASUREMENTS. mm, Length of bodiy’ ity Se 2 en Se as Ee SE Re ee eee peer ee 60. 0 Length’ of pronotuime 2: S.o8ccs 2 32a Ce SS a eee 19.5 Greatest width of pronotuniz s-- 2-22 22 ee te ee ee eee eee 3.5 Length of tesmina sc. Sesion bo aoe Se cas 3 ee ee eee 39.5 Greatest ‘width ob fegmina: 20 fas Sis cee ee ee ey ee 9.5 Length of anterior femora see ence oe ene a ee ne oe eae Senne eee 12.5 STAGMOMANTIS TOLTECA (Saussure)? 1861. Mantis (Stagmatoptera) tolteca Saussurrn, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2d ser., XIII, p. 127; Tropical Mexico. Four males; Panama. Piedras Negras and Turrialba, Costa Rica. (Schild and Burgdorf.) [U.S.N.M.] These specimens are rather doubtfully assigned to this species, as the males of this section of the genus resemble one another very much. STAGMOMANTIS DIMIDIATA (Burmeister). 1838. Mantis dimidiata Burnetster, Handb. d. Entom., II, p. 539; South America. One female; San José, Costa Rica. (Schild and Burgdorf.) [U.5.N.M.] STAGMOMANTIS LIMBATA (Hahn). “1835. Mantis limbata Hann, Icones ad Mon. Cimic., I, t. A, fig. 2; Mexico.” Five specimens; two males, three females; Mexico. Durango, Mexico; July, 1896. (Dr. E. Palmer.) [U.S.N.M.] Mazatlan; Mexico. (W. W. Lockington.) [A. N. S. Phila. | STAGMOMANTIS DOMINGENSIS (Beauvois). 1805. Mantis domingensis Brauvots, Ins. Rec. d’ Afr. et d’Amér., p, 61, pl. vn, fig. 2; Santo Domingo. ; 2 ee NO. 1364. AMERICAN MANTIDS—REHN. 565 Two males, two females; Baracoa, Cuba. February 4, 1902. (Wim. Palmer.) [U.S.N.M.] Haiti. [A. N: S. Phila.] The female specimen from Haiti is a perfectly typical individual, with the transverse callous stigma, while the Cuban female is slightly smaller, with the anterior femora comparatively weaker and the stigma smaller and ovate. The two males from Haiti are identical in form and coloration. Genus CALLIMANTIS Stal. 1877. Callimantis SrAu, Bihang till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar, IV, no. 10, p. 39. Type.— Callimantis antillarum (Saussure). CALLIMANTIS ANTILLARUM (Saussure). 1859. M[antis] antillarum, Saussurr, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2d ser., XI, p. 60; St. Thomas. One female; Haiti. [A. N.S. Phila.] This species has previously been recorded from St. Thomas, Santo Domingo, Culebra Island, and Botafogo, near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The latter locality appears rather questionable. Genus LITANEUTRIA Saussure. 1892. Litaneutria SaussurE, Societas Entomologica, VI, p. 123. Type.—L. ocularis Saussure. LITANEUTRIA MINOR (Scudder). 1872. Stagmatoptera minor ScuppER, Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Nebraska, p. 251; Nebraska City, Nebraska. One female; Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico. September, 1902. (Dr. W. E. Hughes.) [A. N. S. Phila.] This is the first Mexican record for this species. Genus ANGELA Serville. 1839. Angela SErRVILLE, Orthoptéres, p. 171. Originally included guinquemaculata, versicolor, infumata, and brachyptera. Of these, brachyptera may be selected as the type.“ @ As the generic name Thespis Serville (Ann. Sci. Nat., X XII, 1831, p. 54) is closely involved with Angela, the type of the former is seen on elimination to be parva (Olivier). purpurascens— Angela, 1839. fasciata—Tenodera, 1838. quinquemaculata— Angela, 1839. parva. 566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. f ANGELA PERPULCHRA Westwood. 1889. Angela perpulchru WEstwoop, Rey. Ins. Fam. Mantid., p. 30; Nicaragua. Two females; Carillo and Tucurrique, Costa Rica. (Schild and Buredorf.) [U.S.N.M.] One of these specimens has the disk of the wings sulphur yellow; the other has the same area very pale greenish white. : Genus MIOPTERYX Saussure. 1870. Miopterya Saussurz, Bull. Soc. Ent. Suisse, IIT, p. 236. Type.—By elimination and selection, JZ. granadensis Saussure. @ MIOPTERYX GRANADENSIS Saussure. 1870. M[iopteryx] granadensis SaussurE, Bull. Soc. Entom. Suisse, III, p. 237; Bogota. Four specimens; Bartica, British Guiana. April 24 and May 4, 7, and 11,1901. (R. J. Crew.) [A. N. S. Phila.] Genus PSEUDOMIOPTERYX Saussure. 1870. Pseudomiopteryx SaussurE, Bull. Soc. Entom. Suisse, III, pp. 225, 228. Included P. spinifrons and P. bogotensis Saussure. PSEUDOMIOPTERYX INFUSCATA Saussure and Zehntner. 1894. Pseudomiopteryx infuscata SaussuRE and ZeHNTNER, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 163; Presidio, Cordova, Mexico; San Juan, Las Mercedes (3,000 feet), Volcan de Atitlan (2,500-3,500 feet), Zapote, Guatemala; Chontales, Nicaragua; Bugaba (800-1,500 feet), Caldera (1,200 feet), and Volcan de Chiriqui (2,500-4,000 feet), Panama. Four specimens; three males, one female; Piedras Negras, Costa Rica. (Schild and Burgdorf.) [U.S.N.M.] As the female has never been described, some notes on this speci- men may be of interest. Size, rather small; surface rugulose. Head slightly broader than deep; eyes, rotundate-ovate when viewed laterally; vertex raised above the eyes, straight, the juxta-ocular lobes rounded and but slightly separated from the other portion of the vertex; ocelli disposed in a low triangle; facial shield transverse, the superior margin very broadly obtuse-angulate. Pronotum rather stout; collar narrow; supra-coxal dilations rectangulate; anterior and lateral margins den- ticulate except for a small basal portion of the latter; dorsal aspect « The genus originally comprised the following species: granadensis. argentina. madagascarensis—Platycalymma Westwood. lactea—Nanomantis Saussure. pellucida—Calidomantis Rehn (== Miomantis Saussure). NO. 1364. AMERICAN MANTIDS—REHN. 567 with ae pairs of short dentiform processes on the collar and two pairs on the shaft, one pair placed anteriorly and wide apart, the other median and close together, posterior margin with a median proc- ess; longitudinal carina present on the shaft, most apparent poste- riorly. Tegmina and wings hardly visible. Abdomen fusiform, depressed. Supra-anal plate produced, triangular, apex acute angu- late, lateral margins slightly arcuate, dorsal surface longitudinally carinate. Cerci small, not exceeding the supra-anal plate in length, depressed. Subgenital plate compressed, produced, not equaling the supra-anal plate in length, apex developed into a little rounded knob. Anterior coxx slightly exceeding the pronotum in length, lower mar- gins both supplied through their entire length with dentiform spines, those of the internal margin being dec idedly the smaller; femora very stout and heavy, external margin with five spines, one of which is apical, discoidal spines three in number; tibize about half the length of the femora, external and internal header bearing eight spines, which increase in size toward the apical claw; metatarsi exceeding the remaining tarsal joints in length. Median and posterior limbs slender. General color brownish black, becoming very dull rufescent on the internal faces of the anterior coxve; limbs obscurely mottled and annu- late with dull ochraceous. MEASUREMENTS. mm. 0 STD aS se ay Se 20 RMP MNTM Sea (UT eee. Pa ee ks Sa eisew a pode olka wate. 5.5 Penni pLOnuOullas: 00 208 on2 oc eke ells este 3 enrEmmlEtnon abdomen... . 4c 2Setlan abd. ee eid leeewts J eed. 5.7 Genus PARAMUSONIA, new name. 1894. Musonia Saussure and Zeuntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 64 (not of Stal, 1877). Type.—By selection, Thespis cubensis Saussure. PARAMUSONIA CUBENSIS (Saussure). 1869. Th[espis] cubensis Saussure, Bull. Soc. Ent. Suisse, III, p. 70; Cuba. One male; Pinar del Rio, Cuba. March 27, 1900. (Palmer and Riley.) [U.S.N.M.] «Stal’s genus Musonia (Bihang till K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handlingar, IV, no. 10, p. 45), contained but two species—surinama Saussure and Jineativentris Stal. Both of these were placed in Mionyx by Saussure and Zehntner (Biol. Cent. Amer., Orth., I, pp. 166-167). As no included species are given in the original of Mionyx (Soc ie tas Entomologica, VII, 1892, p. 122), the treatment in the Biologia is the first to give us any of the included species. Thus Mionyx Saussure becomes a synonym of Musonia Stal, while a new name is required for the Musonia of Saussure and Zehntner. 568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. € ————— 3 Genus MUSONIA Stal. 1877. Musonia Srdu, Bihang till K. Sven. Vet. Akad. Handlingar, IV, no. 10, p. 45. Type.—Oft the two originally included species swrinama may be considered the type. MUSONIA SURINAMA (Saussure). 1869. Thespis surinama Saussurg, Bull. Soc. Entom. Suisse, I, p. 70; Surinam. One male; Trinidad. [A.N.S. Phila. | Genus HARPAGON YX Saussure. 1892. Harpagonyx Saussure, Societas Entomologica, VII, p. 122. Type.—By selection, 77. gryps Saussure and Zehntner.“ HARPAGONYX CARLOTTA, new species. Type.—Male; San Carlos, Costa Rica. (Schild and Burgdorf.) (Cat. No. 6953, U-S-N.M_] Closely allied to 77. dohrnianus Saussure and Zehntner’ from Guat- emala, but differing in the more globose eyes, the truncate vertex (except for the supraocular processes), and in the more acuminate supra-anal plate. Size medium; form slender. Head slightly transverse; eyes rotund- ovate when viewed laterally; vertex truncate, the juxtaocular lobes triangular, low; ocelli triangularly disposed, the median one very much exceeding the others in size; facial shield transverse, arcuate, the superior margin with the median portion truncate; antenne slightly exceeding the pronotum in length, pilose. Pronotum slender, evenly tuberculate; collar gradually expanding into the supracoxal lobes which are not strongly marked; shaft subequal, a faint median carina present throughout the whole length; entire margins, except the narrow anterior and posterior ones, denticulate. Tegmina shorter than the wings when in repose; rather broad, subequal in width, apex rounded; costal margin closely hirsute through the entire length, sutural margin with shorter hairs; costal field moderately expanded in the basal half, entirely filled by large, irregular cells, the whole teg- mina having the secondary nervures irregularly forked, the resulting cells being very unsymmetrical. Wings broad, almost subequal in width, apex with the costal margin curved backward and the posterior section obliquely truncate; all margins finely haired; anterior ulnar vein forked in the apical third. Abdomen slender, bacilliform. Supra-_ « As the original description did not mention any of the included species, they must be taken from the next work, which is the Biologia. Of the three there men- tioned (gryps, dohrnianus, and maya), gryps is the only one figured and it may be selected as the type. : b Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 176. Ps > boar No. 1364. * AMERICAN MANTIDS—REHN. 569 anal plate acute triangular, tectate, the median ridge developed into a very distinct carina. Cerci sub-filiform, hirsute, slightly exceeding the subgenital plate in length. Subgenital plate produced, apex trun- cate, styles stout, short, and hirsute. Anterior cox slender, about four-fifths the length of the pronotum; femora very slender, about equaling the pronotum in length, spines only on the distal half, external margin with five spines, one of which is apical and quite small, internal. margin bearing eleven spines which, if reduced to a formula, would read from the apex posteriorly mimlilh, discoidal spines three in number, straight, the anterior one very long; tibize very short and weak, with claw not exceeding one-third the length of the femora, external margin bearing four closely adpressed apical spines, internal margin bearing four small, short basal spines and four moderately long apical ones; metatarsi not quite equal to the follow- ing joints in length. Median and posterior limbs slender. General color dull umber, mottled with an obscure ochraceous: wings hyaline, though infuscate with smoky brown, which tint is of : greatest intensity at.the apex, where a few small blotches of dull ochraceous are also visible; limbs dull ochraceous, obscurely annulate with dull chocolate brown. MEASUREMENTS. mm, EDIT cece tee eee SIR SI nee et ee ee 7407) ay So SCL 0) TE a SS ae ee ne Ee RD 9 See MMT Se ICONO MUI... 2 2.2022 k etek cee 2s eek ten edee cess. 1.9 REE PRE se hn ass See sw ee eS A ee ct BUD RE RIRS MECH INTCGLCMIOUIINA oo oS en a need wie ack Amani een cae an 5 SMAI ee C0 aS Sak ie Beye ela ccswmean sue es e oseke 19.5 Genus SPANION YX Saussure. 1892. Spanionyx SaussuRE, Societas Entomologica, VII, p. 122. Type.—As this case is much the same as //arpagonyx, we can select S. bicornis as the type. | SPANIONYX BIDENS Saussure and Zehntner. 1894. Spanionyx bidens eae SsURE and ZennrnerR, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p- 177, pl. x, figs. 1-3; Ruatan Island, Honduras. One female; Turrialba, Costa Rica. (Schild and Buredorf.) [U.S.N.M.J This specimen measures as follows: an Pn oe Abode ckuowapak onus cuan eee 53 ETT eo ee on ep eee een cece debe 17 EMME AN FOUOURRT. 2... c.--<- voncae<~ ae aace wen ent cent eeeoness sue 2.5 SR EMMENIEVOTIENNGTHY 5... x. oc a wer aw odanceeccnevectnsstscse 11 PE MNERION TEMOLA. 0225-0... ose sete seed neon sce eebaceececee- 9.6 570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII, Subfamily HARPAGIN 2“. Genus ACANTHOPS Serville. 1831. Acanthops Servite, Ann. Sci. Nat., XXII, p. 53. Type.— Mantis fuscifolia Olivier = sinuata Stoll. ACANTHOPS TUBERCULATA Saussure. 1870. Af[canthops] tuberculata Saussure, Bull. Soc. Ent. Suisse, IIT, p. 248; Guiana. One immature female; Tucurrique, Costa Rica. (Schild and Burg- dort.) (USN. Me This species previously has only been recorded from Guiana. As the female is undescribed, I have made a few remarks on the specimen in hand. Size rather large; form depressed, abdomen very broad. Head slightly longer than broad; eyes acute mammillate; vertex truncate; ocelli very small; facial shield transverse, slightly arcuate, the superior margin with the median section subtruncate; antenne filiform, not exceeding half the length of the pronotum. Pronotum of moderate length, collar gradually expanding into the well-rounded supracoxal lobes; shaft with the median portion compressed; margins with no appreciable spines except on the shaft, the lateral margins of which bear short dentiform processes; dorsal surface with a pair of mammil- late processes on the collar, and another pair on the supracoxal region. Tegmina and wings not developed. Abdomen very strongly depressed, the fourth and fifth segments developing subquadrate foliaceous pro- cesses from their lateral margins, those of the fourth segment being about three times the size of the appendages on the fifth segment. Supra-anal plate produced, rounded, the apex broadly and triangularly emarginate. Cerci strongly depressed, apex expanded and obscurely bilobate. Subgenital plate transverse, moderately produced, apex deeply and very narrowly cleft; styles very minute, stout. Anterior cox with both of the lower margins supplied with five denticles; femora equal to the pronotum in length, the superior face bearing a distinct carinate ridge for the greater part of its length; external face heavily granulate; external margin with seven short and stout spines, one of which is apical; internal margin bearing seventeen subequal spines, one of which is apical; discoidal spines three in number, distal one exceeding the others in size; tibis: about equal to two-thirds the length of the femora, each lower margin supplied with a comb-like series of spines, which are of greatest length distally; the external margin bears about twenty-six in its series, the internal margin seven- teen; metatarsi equal to the remaining tarsal joints in length. Pos- terior and median limbs short and stout; the femora depressed; the oe eee NO. 1364, AMERICAN MANTIDS—REHN. ik tibie with a narrow foliaceous ridge on the proximal half of their superior margin. General color red-brown, becoming ochraceous on the anterior limbs; eyes umber; pronotum math the medi an portion of the shaft bearing on each side a lunule of velvetinous blackish brown. MEASUREMENTS. mm, EE ig eet etre Secs) ee Se Ne ee ke cc tann pepncwndad aoe twee nO BRC TS LOUO INN arene nese mem Solace emis one nee we cane {oe ae 12 Reta UnTO MFO MOUUU 08 sacra: SMon. Geom., p. 386. 904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. smooth (87 diameters), the cell areas just indicated by obscure flatten- ings. Pale yellow, later more or less spotted with red which brings out the obsolete reticulations better; size 0.6 by 0.4 by 0.3 mm. Stage [.—Head bilobed, clypeus high, shining honey yellow, eye black, mouth brown. Body slender, rather short but looping rapidly, all honey yellow, unmarked. No shields; tubercles invisible; sete short, capitate, dusky. ORTHOFIDONIA EXORNATA Walker. Five specimens, May (Mr. Cockle), May 29, June 5, DEILINIA BEHRENSARIA Hulst. Eleven specimens, May 31, June 2, 13, 16, 19, July 14, 19, August 4. Apparently double brooded. The specimens vary in color from gray (var. cervinicolor) to ocherous gray, but none are as light as Cali- fornian specimens. I have described the larva in Life Histories of North American Geometridae, L. @ DEILINIA QUADRARIA Grote. Three specimens, June 6, 15, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection June 22, 1901. I have described the larva from Colorado in Life Histories of North American Geometride, XXXIV.? Eggs were obtained from a captive female and the larve reared on Ceanothus to the fourth stage, when they were lost. DEILINIA PULVERARIA Hulst. Forty-six specimens, May (Mr. Cockle), May 29, 30, 31, June 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 9,16. The species is rather constant. I have described the larva in Life Histories of North American Geometride, X LIX. ¢ DEILINIA FUMOSA Hiulst. Two specimens, one Sandon (G. C. Robbins), the other bred from a larva beaten from Ceanothus by Mr. Cockle, emerged August 23. Larva.—Head rounded bilobed, clypeus high; green, dotted with white, tubercles and sete dark; width, 2.4mm. Body normal, moder- ate, smooth; green, finely white streaked and dotted. Addorsal line white, faint, subdorsal more distinct, both faint on the concolorous cervical shield, absent on the anal plate; lateral line about like the subdorsal; substigmatal yellow, narrow, diffusing a yellow shade on the green about it, especially at the stigmata which are orange, brown rimmed. Tubercles round, small, neatly black; feet green; triangular . plate of anal feet slightly black dotted. @ Psyche, X, 1904, p. 197. b Idem, IX, 1902, p. 388. ¢Idem, X, 1904, p. 196. NO. 1376. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAI DISTRICT—DY AR. 905 DEILINIA RECTIFASCIA Hulst. Forty-eight specimens, May (Mr. Cockle), May 30, June 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, July 4, 8, 15 17, 25, 26, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection labeled Deilinia fieminaria Guenée. The color varies from nearly white to pale ocherous, with reddish shades at the outer halves of both wings. I have described the life history in Life Histories of North American Geometridxe, LII,“ where I have made some remarks on the generic position of the species. DEILINIA LITARIA Hulst. Thirty-three specimens, April 15 (Mr. Cockle), May 30, June 1, 9, 25, and one specimen from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 3, 1901, labelled Declinia falcataria Packard. Very variable, especially in the females, which are markedly smaller than the males. One female specimen, nearly without markings, seems to be almost the exact counterpart of Packard’s ferruginosaria, described from a single female from California. I think the name /tar/a will ultimately fall before an older one, perhaps ferrug/nosaria Packard, or fweminaria Guenée, or falcataria Packard; but as there are many species of De//in/a attached to Ceanothus in the West, all variable and closely allied (six are here listed from Kaslo), and as the fa/catar/a group is not before me in large series, I will let the name stand for the present. I have described the larva in Life Histories of North American Geometride, LI1.? DEILINIA ERYTHREMARIA Guenée, var. PACIFICARIA Packard. Fourteen specimens, May 30, June 3, 9, 13, 16, 20, July 4, 21 (Bear Lake, Mr. Cockle), August 7. This is the western form of erythre- maria, slightly larger and more distinctly marked. I have described the larve in Life Histories of North American Geometride, XLV ILL° DEILINIA VARIOLARIA Guenée. Two specimens, June 24, July 25, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collee- tion, June 17. They are not in good condition, but appear referable to this species. Mr. G. W. Taylor has sent me a specimen agreeing with the Kaslo onesas Cymatophora subalbaria Hulst from New Jersey. However, in this case I prefer Mr. Cockle’s determination, as I think I see a fovea on the hind wings below, which makes the species a Deilinia. @ Psyche, X, 1904, p. 200. bIdem, X, 1904, p. 199. ¢Idem, X, 1904, p. 195, O03 62 Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii 906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. SCIAGRAPHIA GRANITATA Guenéee. Fifteen specimens, May 29, June 2, 3, 5, 10, 16, 24, 25, 29, July 10 (Ainsworth), 29 (Bear Lake Mountain), and three from Mr. Cockle’s collection. Two of these bear labels ‘* punctolinearia Packard” and ‘“Snubieulata Packard,” but I think these determinations erroneous. The larva will be described by me in Life Histories of North Ameri- can Geometride, LVI. It feeds on spruce and mimics the needles of the second year’s growth in color. SCIAGRAPHIA DENTICULATA Grote. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection agrees rather nearly, though not exactly, with one from Montana so named for me by the late Doctor Hulst. SCIAGRAPHIA NEPTATA Guenée. Twenty specimens; May 31, June 3, 16, 28, July 7, 18 (bred), 24, 31, August 3, 4, 18, September 8 (Glacier, dead ina lamp). Rather variable in color, the lines more or less sinuous, the yellow shading in the transverse posterior-line sometimes obsolete. It is very nearly allied to ¢rrorata Packard. Both feed on the poplar. I shall describe the larva of neptata in Life Histories of North American Geometride, LXIII; ¢rrorata was described in No. XXX.¢ SCIAGRAPHIA CONTINUATA Walker. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection is small and worn, but apparently referable here. MACARIA MINORATA Packard, var. INCOLORATA, new variety. Five specimens; May 29, June 11, 25, 26, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection August 5, 1902. The form differs from the eastern m/norata in its slightly larger size, nearly obsolete emargination of the outer margin of fore wing, and obscure gray coloration, all the contrasts of the black and reddish marks being lost and the head and collar being gray with only a trace of the orange marking. It will not unlikely be found to represent a distinct species, but I prefer to list it for the present as a western race of ménorata. Type.—Cat. No. 7879, U. S. National Museum. CYMATOPHORA LATIFERRUGATA Walker. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection so named. In Bulle- tin No. 52, United States National Museum, Doctor Hulst makes this species synonymous with pustwlaria Hitbner, although in 1895 he ‘‘ felt @ Psyche, IX, 1902, p. 310. No. 1376. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAI DISTRICT—DYAR. 907 uncertain about this.”“ The synonymy is certainly erroneous, for Hiibner’s excellent figure is not in the least like latiferrugata. Il have no direct information at present about Walker’s type, but Packard’s type of brunnearia is before me, and I assume them to be the same. since Walker’s description does not disagree. The Kaslo specimen, though somewhat worn, agrees well with Packard’s type. CYMATOPHORA INQUINARIA Hulst. Twenty-three specimens; July 8, 12, 18, 19, 23, 24, 25, 26 (Payne Mine), 30, 31, August 3, 5, 6, 7, and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection. Distinctly variable, yet characteristic. It looks very much like Syi- pherta julia Hulst. The larva was not obtained. My other speci- mens are from Placer County, Cal. (Koebele), and the Mariposa Big Tree Grove, California (Dyar). CYMATOPHORA BIACTATA Walker. One specimen, Sandon (G. C. Robbins) and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. CYMATOPHORA MATILDA, new species. Twenty specimens, June 3, 9, 10, 138, 17, 20, 21, 24, July 14, 27, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection labeled o/s anticaria Walker; but the species has vein 5 of the hind wings absent and is therefore not even an Lovs. Male antenne with short, clavate, hairy pectinations decreasing to the tip, of female simple. Yellowish white, front with a narrow line of dark scales at its summit, vertex and collar faintly yellowish, wings with minute dark atoms forming a line on the base of the costal edge. Two faint, dark, nearly straight lines on fore wing, one on hind wing, the outer line placed unusually near the margin on both wings, being at the outer fourth. Inner line of fore wing may be absent and both are always faint. In somea faint discal dot on hind wing. Below unmarked or with discal dot on both wings. Fore wing square at the apex but not faleate, hind wing rounded. Expanse, 24-27 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 7880, U.S. National Museum. I have a specimen from Colorado. Concerning “o/s anticaria Walker (=subalbaria Packard), Packard states that the antennz are pectinated, which shows that it is not an Zo/s, but probably referable to Xystrota. It is certainly not my species even if it should prove to be a Cymatophora, for mine does not agree in markings with Packard’s figure and description. SYMPHERTA TRIPUNCTARIA Packard. One specimen, July 23 (Frye Creek) and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection without label. «Ent. News, VI, p. 106. 908 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. ENEMERA JUTURNARIA Guenée. Thirty-two specimens, June (Mr. Cockle), June 23, 30, July 4, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 23, 25, 26 (Payne Mine), August 4, 11, Sandon (G. C. Robbins). Many more could have been obtained as the moth is easily started up in the daytime. The species is single brooded with hibernation in the egg state. Ihave described the egg @ and larva.’ CARIPETA A.QUALIARIA Grote. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 7, 1901. The specimen differs from «gualiaréa that I have from Victoria; Easton, Washington; Portland, Oregon; California and Williams, Arizona, in ~ being darker, the pinkish tint obscured by brown, the marginal pale dashes absent, and the marginal orange rays on the hind wings reduced. Beneath it does not differ from normal specimens. This probably rep- resents a distinct local race, but without more material I can not feel certain. CARIPETA DIVISATA Walker. One specimen, July 11, (Ainsworth, Currie and Caudell). It differs in some respects from eastern specimens, but without a series I can- not judge whether these differences are constant enough to define a local race. PHENGOMMATAA EDWARDSIATA Hulst. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, August 23, 1902. ENYPIA PERANGULATA Hiulst. Sixty-one specimens, July 20, 30, August 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 10 (on snow, Kokanee Mountain), 13 (Sandon, Mr. Currie), 16, 17, 18, 20 (Nelson), 20 (West Robson), 21 (Revelstoke), 22 (Revelstoke), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection August 9, 1901, as well as Sandon specimens col- lected by Mr. G. C. Robbins. Very constant and darker than the — Pacific coast form venata Grote, of which it may nevertheless be a local race. It appears smaller and narrower winged than venata, and the latter is remarkably variable. I hold it, therefore, provisionally as a distinct species. The range is down the Rocky Mountains. I have specimens from Taos Mountain, New Mexico, and Silverton, Colorado. Eges from females taken at Nelson, where the species was commonest hatched but were not raised, as I was leaving the district and could not attend to them. figg.—Elliptical, thick and regular, sides strongly concavely flat- tened, ends rounded and nearly alike, scarcely any truncation or @ Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XX V, 1903, p. 392 5 Ent. News., V, 1895, p. 63. NO. 1376. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAT DISTRICT—DYAR. 909 depression; smooth. Pale yellowish greenish, scarcely any color, shining, turning bark brown; size, 1.3 by 1 by 0.7 mm. ; Laid singly, adherent, all covered with gray scales from the moth, so that they appear like woolly balls. Stage [.—Head large, round, slightly bilobed, pale red brown. Body moderate, rather short, slate gray, cervical shield and spots at tubercles i and ii pale luteous, subventral fold, feet and anal plates pale. PHILEDIA PUNCTOMACULARIA Hulst. No specimens, but Mr. Cockle has taken it. The species flies late in summer, and none had emerged by August 18, when I left Kaslo. I took it later on Vancouver Island. In Bulletin No. 52, U. $s. National Museum (p. 320), I note the spruce defoliating geometrid, reported by Dr. A. D. Hopkins, as being this species. This is probably an error, since Mr. Theodore Bryant informs me that he has bred punctomacu- laria from laryee on the common brake (/e77s). NEPYTIA UMBROSARIA Packard. Two specimens, one from Mr. Cockle, one August 20 (Nelson) and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, August 12, 1901. Very rare, per- haps a little out of its range. I have it from Portland and Mount Angel, Oregon, and Santa Cruz Mountains, California. ALCIS SULPHURARIA Packard. Thirty-one specimens, June 23, 26, 30, July 3, 4, 19, 28, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31, August 11,12. Very variable, the markings tending to re- duction or nearly complete obsolescence (var. wnicoloraria Uulst). Eggs were obtained from captive females, but they hibernated without hatching. Egq.—F¥Nliptical, well flattened, but without flat areas, rounded; ends much alike, without marked truncation or depression. Ribbed, about 10 on the flat side in the center, diminishing to both ends irregularly; waved and cut nearly through at each obsolete cell, the resulting ele- vations crested each by two pores not in line with the rib; crests of pores white. Obsolete cross striz show as low, rounded bars, prinei- pally on the flanks of the ribs. Surface minutely oranular shagreened, Micropylar end without ribs centrally. Orange ochraceous; later all red; size, 1 by 0.6 by 0.4 mm. PARAPHIA SUBATOMARIA Wood. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 17, 1901. 910 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. SPODOLEPIS SUBSTRIARIA Hiulst. 9 Four specimens, May 13 (Mr. Cockle), June 2, 3, the later ones much worn; also one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, April 23. GABRIOLA DYARI Taylor. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection. SELIDOSEMA HUMARIUM Guenée, var. EMASCULATUM, new variety. Five specimens, June 30, July 16, 18,and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, much darker than the others. In markings this form agrees closely with eastern Awmarium. It is, however, much slighter in build and the secondary sexual characters of the male are less developed. The hind tibiz are swollen, but not nearly as strongly as in Aumarium. There is a groove on the inner side, but I do not detect a hair pencil in it. Type.—Cat. No. 7881, U. S. National Museum. CLEORA PAMPINARIA Guenée. Five specimens, June 7, 10,13, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 1, 1901. IT have the species from Wellington, and Seattle, Wash- ington. CLEORA UMBROSARIA Hubner. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. The specimen agrees with two in the National Museum bearing Dr. Packard’s origi- nal labels ‘* Boarméa indicataria, comp. Walker’s type” and ‘* Boarmia umbrosaria Hbn., B. gnophosaria Gn.,” the specimens originally com- ing from the Meske and Riley collections. They are males and show a hair pencil on the hind tibia, so I transfer wmbrosaria to Cleora, fol- lowing Hulst’s separation of Cleora and Selidosema. MELANOLOPHIA CANADARIA Guenée, var. SUBGENERICATA, new variety. Five specimens, May 29, 30, June 3, 4, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. The specimens are generally larger and darker than the Eastern form and differ decidedly in the reduction of the secondary sexual characters. I shall describe the larve in Life Histories of North American Geometride, LX. They feed on spruce, mimicking the young needles in color. In the male moths the lateral abdominal tufts are very small, in some hardly perceptible, and the hind tibie are less swollen than in Eastern specimens and are more slender, though bearing a distinct hair pencil. I have the form also from Mount Angel, Oregon (F. Epper), Push, Oregon (H. Ahlers), Seattle, NO. 1376. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAT DISTRICT—DYAR. 91d Washington (T. Kincaid), and Rossland (W. R. Johnson). The Ross- land specimen was named ** A/c/s sp.” by Doctor Hulst, apparently on the supposition that the male had a fovea on the fore wings below; but Iam unable to see it. Type.—Cat. No. 7106, U. 8. National Museum. ZETHALOPTERA INTEXTATA Walker. Twenty-five specimens, April 18 (Mr. Cockle), 25 (Mr. Cockle), May 31, June 2, 9, and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 15. ECTROPIS CREPUSCULARIA Schiffermiller. Three specimens, June 1. In collecting, this species was confounded with Melanolophia canadaria, so that the usual efforts to obtain eges were not made in this case, much to my present regret. LYCIA COGNATARIA Guenée. One specimen, August 1. I have described the larva in Life Histories of North American Geometridie, XL.“ ERANNIS VANCOUVERENSIS Hulst. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, October 14. I have it also from Pullman, Washington (C. V. Piper). Hulst calls this form /. defoliaria variety vancouverensis; but I see no more reason for regarding it as a variety of the European defol/arva than of the Eastern ¢///aria Harris. The fact is that all the American forms of Erann7s are but slightly divergent geographical expressions of the European one and will doubtless be finally so listed. Yet, pending the examination of a larger series of all the forms, I will temporarily regard the Northwestern form as specitic. DYSCIA ORCIFERATA Walker. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 6, 1901. SICYA MACULARIA Harris. Five specimens, July 14, 25, 31, September * (Field). THERINA LUGUBROSA Hulst. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection labeled 7: somn?- aria Hulst. However, it agrees well with Hulst’s type of lugubrosa before me from Rossland. From somn/aria the form differs in being much more densely strewn with the gray strige, which are confluent and dominate the coloration. 7. somnéaria has been shown to feed on the oak in the larval state, a plant which does not grow at Kaslo. Therefore, I judge that /ugubrosa is really a distinet species. «Psyche, X, 1903, p. 78. Cc bd bo PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. METROCAMPA PRAXFGRANDARIA Guenée. Twenty-four specimens, June 28, July 2, 4, 7, 14, 15, 19, 21, 25. The peculiar larvee with an additional pair of feet on the fifth adominal segment and with subventral fringe were fed on birch, the bark of which they closely mimicked. 1 have described them in Life His- tories of North American Geometridae, XLIII.“ ENNOMOS MAGNARIUS Guenée. One specimen, sent me by Mr. Cockle and one from his collection. PLAGODIS APPROXIMARIA Dyar. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 3 (Ainsworth), I have the species also from Rossland and Portland, Oregon. HYPERITIS TRIANGULIFERATA Packard. Thirty-two specimens, May 29, 30, 31, June 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 (Ains- worth), 10, 12, 13, 16,18, 23, July 4, 24. Some have the brown mark above anal angle (var. notatar7a Hulst), others lack it entirely and there are all intergrades in the obsolescence of the marking. The basal costal spot is likewise evanescent. The form notataria is not specitic- ally distinct as listed by Hulst. The larve occurred on currant. I shall describe them in Life Histories of North American Geometridae, LIV. Prof. G. H. French has previously described them.? HYPERITIS AMICARIA Herrich-Schaeffer. Seven specimens, May 31, June 1, 8 (Ainsworth), 9, 11, 25. The larvee were raised on wild cherry. I shall describe them in Life Histories of North American Geometride, LV, and give some notes on the form of imago occurring at Kaslo. ANIA LIMBARIA Haworth. One specimen sent me by Mr. Cockle and one from his collection, July 24. GONODONTIS DUARIA Guenée. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. EUCHLAENA PECTINARIA Schiffermiiller. One specimen, June 25, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection labeled EF. sirenaria Strecker. It does, indeed, agree with Strecker’s descrip- tion of strenaria, but the form is that usually identified as pectinaria, and I do not see that Strecker has done more than make a synonym. a Psyche, X, 1904, p. 190. bCan. Ent., X VIII, 1886, p. 105. ) NO. 1376. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAT DISTRICT—DYAR. 913 My specimen was a female and deposited eggs which hatched and were carried to stage v when they were all lost by a fungoid disease. ‘1 have described the larva in Life Histories of North American Geome- tride, XX XII.“ EUCHL/AENA ASTYLUSARIA Walker. Nine specimens, June 9, 19, 24, 25, 27, July 2. They agree with Coloradan examples. As compared with eastern specimens they are more yellowish, the strige fewer and less defined, the dark shade beyond the transverse posterior line lighter and either partially or wholly wanting. This may be Hulst’s manubriata, which I do not know. I will describe the larve in Life Histories of North Amer- ican Geometride, LIX. EUTRAPELA ALCIPHERARIA Walker. One specimen, May 30. The specimen was a female, but the eggs were infertile. I have the larve from Mr. Theodore Bryant, Welling- ton, who points out to me that the two broods of the species are different, the spring brood being large and heavily marked, the sum- mer brood small and lightly marked. I have described the larvie in Life Histories of North American Geometridee, III.’ METANEMA TEXTRINARIA Grote and Robinson. Two specimens, June 8 (Ainsworth), 11, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. AZELINA ANCETARIA Hibner, var. OCCIDENTALIS Hulst. _ Twenty-six specimens, July 15, 26, 29, 30, August 4, 5,6, 7, 12, 21 (Revelstoke). This is, I think, Hulst’s Warmarea occidentalis. Only two of my specimens are males. In describing occidentalis, Doctor Hulst calls it a ‘‘ Darwinian species”—that is to say, in this case, a geographical race—and he erects the new genus for it on the slight difference in the male antenne. In the Kaslo specimens this is cer- tainly extremely slight. Neither is it greater in specimens from California and Arizona before me. The Kaslo specimens are all decidedly larger than eastern ancetaréa, agreeing with Doctor Hulst’s specific diagnosis of occidentalis. So while there is a possibility that I have not the true occ/dental’s, I do not think this is the case. Iam of the opinion that when a character is admittedly not of specific value it can not be used to define a genus, even if it be ‘‘structural.” Therefore I place Hulst’s genus Marmarea as a synonym of Aze/ina and his species oce/dental’s as a variety of ancetaria. The life history was started, but I failed to complete it. aPsyche, IX, 1902, p. 344. bIdem, VIII, 1899, p. 395 914 PROCEEDINGS OF 1HE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Kgg.—Kiliptical, smoothly and evenly rounded, no perceptible flat- tening nor truncation; surface smooth, shagreened. Shining sordid olivaceous, under a lens minutely black speckled; size, 0.9 by 0.7 by 0.65 mm. Stage I.—Head rounded, bilobed, pale brown, erect, sutures de- pressed. Body moderately elongate, normal, whitish, marked with irregular green rings from the alimentary canal before eating; a very faint, narrow, brown subdorsal line. Segments annulate; cervical shield small, black; tubercles black, a slight blackening around the hair dots only; sete stiff, minutely flared at the tip. Stage [1.—Face below and epistoma broadly bluish white, edged above with a straight black shade; vertex yellowish, with brown black spots in alternating oblique rows; width, 0.75 mm. Body moderately slender, normal, dark gray, many fine irregular brown lines on a greenish gray ground; venter darker than dorsum, which is irregu- larly diluted greenish. Feet concolorous; tubercles round, black; setee pointed, dark. The larvee began to hibernate at this point and finally died. SABULODES CATENULATA Grote. One specimen, June 25, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, August E1902; BREPHOS INFANS Méschler. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 24 (Ains- worth). Family NOLID. CELAMA MINNA Butler. One specimen, May 31. It differs somewhat from m/nna from California and Vancouver Island, but without a series it is not possible to define the racial characters, if such exist. In the specimen the sub- costal mark on the transverse-anterior line 1s much reduced, while the transverse-posterior line is an obviously geminate row of dots, filled by a little darker shade. Larve of this, as I suppose, occurred on Ceanothus. They are not yet bred. Larva.—Head bilobed, pale yellow, densely checkered with brown, leaving the paraclypeal pieces yellow; epistoma white. Body flat- tened, no feet on joint 7; warts normal, formed with tubercles i+-ii and iv+y. Cervical shield small, bisected. Body checkered yellow and brown, joints 5, 7, and 11 broadly brown dorsally; a narrow brown dorsal line, straight; subdorsal, lateral, and subventral waved broad brown bands, broken in the incisures, dark and subconfluent on the dark segments, avoiding the warts. Warts ocherous, ringed with NO. 1376. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAT DISTRICT—DYAR. 915 brown. Hair bristly, black tipped, some long ones laterally. Feet pale. Wart iv+v is lighter than the others. The dorsal band is widened on joints 3-4 and 12 and shows distinctly in dark specimens. Very variable in the intensity of coloring. Cocoon boat-shaped, made of bits of bark on a stem in the well- known manner. Family PSYCHID. PSYCHE FRAGMENTELLA Henry Edwards. No specimens. A single immature larva was found in its charac- teristic case but it failed to mature. Family COCHLIDIID&. TORTRICIDIA TESTACEA Packard. Three specimens, June 13. They agree with specimens from Man- itoba and Colorado, and are probably referable to the form crypta Dyar. A single larva was found on birch, but it was parasitized, and died before the characteristic markings had appeared. This is the westernmost record (except in the extreme Southwest) for any Cochli- dian in North America. The rarity of the species prevented as com- plete observations as are desirable. Family COSSID. COSSUS POPULI Walker. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 27, 1902, is a male in good condition, expanding 60 mm. It resembles wadosus Lintner, but the collar is grayer and the lines on the wings are less pronounced, more broken and strigose. Family SESITD. ALBUNA PYRAMIDALIS Walker. Ten specimens, June 11, 18, 23, July 11 (Ainsworth), 21 (Bear Lake Mountain), 28 (Bear Lake Mountain), taken at flowers. Five are normal pyramidalis, three of the variety ruhescens, and two of the variety coloradensis. The extremes suggest different species, and it is not surprising that they were described as such. SESIA TIPULIFORMIS Linnezus. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 27. 916 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Family PYRALIDZ. SYMPHYSA ERIPALIS Grote. One specimen, August 20 (Nelson), in very poor condition, seems referable here. DESMIA FUNERALIS Hiibner. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. EVERGESTIS FUNALIS Grote. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. I took the species later on Vancouver Island. NOMOPHILA NOCTUELLA Schiffermuller. Twenty-four specimens, May 31, June 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, July 19, 28, 24, 25, August 1, 14 (Revelstoke, Mr. Currie), 21 (Revelstoke). LOXOSTEGE COMMIXTALIS Walker. Four specimens, June 4, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. PHLYCTAENIA FERRUGALIS Hiibner. One much-worn specimen, July 28 (Bear Lake), may be of this species, and another equally bad from Mr. Cockle’s collection. My specimen is of the usual size, but Mr. Cockle’s is larger, like the form from the Pacific coast (profundalis Packard). PHLYCTANIA TERREALIS Treitschke. No specimens: one in Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 22, 1902. | 5 PHLYCTANIA TERTIALIS Guenée. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 7. ] } PHLYCTAENIA TILLIALIS, new species. Two specimens, August 7, September 9 (Field), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, August 23, 1902. Light, whitish, straw yellow, irregularly shaded with reddish brown, especially toward costa and outer margin. Reniform and orbicular large, nearly solidly brown- black filled, fused to a concolorous costal stripe that reaches two-thirds tothe apex. Transverse-anterior line nearly obsolete, linear, bent out on median vein; transverse-posterior punctiform, moderately arcuate, not distinct. A row of small, terminal black dots. Fringe brown, whitish checkered without. Hind wings subpellucid whitish, faintly textaceous tinged, a small fuscous, obscure discal spot and faint shadow of a dusky outer line, indefinite. EExpanse, 24 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 7829, U. S. National Museum. no. 1376. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAI DISTRICT—DYAR. = PHLYCTAENIA ITYSALIS Walker. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 1. PYRAUSTA FUMOFERALIS Hulst. Twelve specimens, June 1, 10, 11, 16, 23, 24, 29, July 18, 26 (Payne Mine), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. PYRAUSTA UNIFASCIALIS Packard. One specimen, July 29 (Bear Lake Mountain), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 11. PYRAUSTA BOREALIS Packard. Seven specimens, May 29, 31, June 2, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 28, 1902. The specimens are rather small and much shaded with black, the hind wings especially being nearly solidly black from the inner line to the base. The eight specimens are alike, but another from Mr. Cockle’s collection, without label, is of the usual larger and paler form. PYRAUSTA OCHOSALIS Dyar. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 20, 1902. PYRAUSTA NICALIS Grote. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection. PYRAUSTA INCONCINNALIS Lederer. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, which differs a little from my Colorado and Arizona examples in having a trace of a line on the hind wings. PYRAUSTA FUNEBRIS Stromeyer. Four specimens, June 11, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 3, 1902. PYRAUSTA A2GLEALIS Walker. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 31, 1901. CORNIFRONS SIMALIS Grote. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. NOCTUELIS THALIALIS Walker. Ten specimens, June 11, 23, 25, July 11 (Ainsworth), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. 918 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. SCOPARIA CENTURIELLA Schiffermuller. Twenty-six specimens, June 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, July 2, 13, 14, 16, 19, 23, 29 (Bear Lake Mountain), August 6, 7, 8, 11, 13 (Sandon, Mr. Currie), 17, Sandon (G. C. Robbins), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. SCOPARIA NOMINATELLA Hulst. Twelve specimens, July 19, 24, August 1, 3, 6, 7, 17, September 1 (Shawnigan Lake, Vancouver Island), and two from Mr. Cockle’s col- lection, August 17, 1902, and August 17, 1903. SCOPARIA FERNALDALIS Dyar. One hundred and eighty-seven specimens, June 24, July 7, 15, 25, 30, August 4, 5, 12, 30 (Shawnigan Lake) and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, August 30, 1902. SCOPARIA RECTILINEA Zeller. One hundred and seventy-six specimens, July 8, 15, 24, 27, August 5, 6, 11, 12, 138, 17, 29 (Shawnigan Lake) and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 20, 1901. SCOPARIA TRICOLORALIS Dyar. One specimen, July 10 (Ainsworth) and two from Mr. Cockle’s col- lection, July 7 and August 3, 1902. PYRALIS ELECTALIS Hulst. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 2. PYRALIS FARINALIS Linnezus. Ten specimens, June 16, 17, 24, 27, July 23, 30, August 7, 13. CRAMBUS HAMELLUS Thunberg. Sixty-three specimens, August 16, 17, 21 (Nakusp), 21 (Revelstoke), September 2 (Wellington). The ground color of the wings varies from the usual dark brown to gray or yellowish gray, showing that the Cali- fornian cypridalis Hulst, which differs only in the ground color, is not specifically distinct from hame/lus. CRAMBUS PASCUELLUS Linneus. Seven specimens, June 13, 18, July 2, 7 (Lardo), 15, 17, and one from Mr. Cockle’s colléction, August 3, 1902. CRAMBUS UNISTRIATELLUS Packard. One specimen, July 17, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 20, 1901. el. « no. 1376. DEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAI DISTRICT—DYAR. 919 CRAMBUS HORTUELLUS Hiibner. Thirty-seven specimens, June 11, 15, 16, 23. The specimens vary in color from light (teparéus Zeller) to dark (wachellellus Kearfott). the majority being intermediate. CRAMBUS MYELLUS Hiibner. Highteen specimens, July 16, 18, 24, 25, 30, August 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 19, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 21, 1902. CRAMBUS VULGIVAGELLUS Clemens. Three specimens, August 22 (Revelstoke), 28 (Victoria), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, September 1, 1902. CRAMBUS PLUMBIFIMBRIELLUS, new species. Sixteen specimens, June 14, 16, 19, 20, 29, July 38, 7 (Lardo), 23 (Frye Creek), August 4, 7,and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 3, 1902. Sordid whitish, palpi sprinkled with gray; fore wings whitish, tinged with ocherous, especially along terminal space and outer half of costa; all the interspaces filled with scattered gray-brown scales. These scales are grouped to occasionally indicate a median line, bent outward across cell, but faint and usually wanting. Outer line near the margin, roundly bent below apex, then straight and parallel to margin; a row of seven terminal black dots; fringe shining lead color. Hind wings sordid white, a faint dark line close to the margin, a little more remote at the anal angle. Expanse, 20 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 7827, U. S. National Museum. CRAMBUS OREGONICUS Grote. Nine specimens, July 15, 21 (Bear Lake Mountain), 25 (Bear Lake Mountain), August 3, 21 (Revelstoke), September 2 (Wellington). CRAMBUS MURELLUS, new species. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, without date, and two from Pullman, Washington (C. V. Piper). Fore wing light gray, dusted with darker; an illy defined pale carneous shade over lower half of wing, spreading from the median fold, fading before the tor- nus. Scarcely any lines; subterminal faint, finely linear, dark, minutely dentate and slightly excurved opposite the cell, not very near the margin. Terminal black dots very small; fringe not at all metal- lic. Hind wings dark gray, the fringe pale, almost white. Expanse, 22 to 24 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 7826, U. 5. National Museum. 920 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. ¥XVIL CRAMBUS BONIFATELLUS Hulst. Thirty-four specimens, June 1,8 (Ainsworth), 13, 15, July 15, 19, 21 (Bear Lake), 24, 25, 31, August 7, 21 (Revelstoke), 22 (Revelstoke), and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 26, 1901, June 11. This obscurely marked species varies considerably, the white speck used as a differential character by Doctor Fernald being inconstant. There appears in.many specimens a dark outer line, curved outward beyond the cell. CRAMBUS TRISECTUS Walker. Five specimens, August 21 (Revelstoke), September 2 (Wellington), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, August 17, 1901. MYELOIS CORNIELLA Ragonot. Sixteen specimens, July 15, 24, 31, August 1,5, 7, 17, 21 (Revel- stoke), 22 (Revelstoke), and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 24 and July 8, 1901. The black scales of fore wing form indefinitely a line from the costal inception of the outer line to the inner margin at middle of wing. This is shown distinctly in Ragonot’s figure, but it is faint in my specimens and often not determinate. DIORYCTRIA ABIETELLA Schiffermiiller. One specimen, June 20, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 2, 1901. DASYPYGA ALTERNOSQUAMELLA Ragonot. One specimen, August 6, of this very pretty and distinctly marked species. I have another from Williams, Arizona (Schwarz and Barber), and two from Seattle, Washington (O. B. Johnson). AMBESA WALSINGHAMI Ragonot. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, August 4. This species is not represented in the National Museum collection. NEPHOPTERYX SUBTINCTELLA Ragonot. Two specimens, June 16, 25, and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 24, 1901, and June 7, 1903. NEPHOPTERYX OVALIS Packard. No specimen; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 28, 1902, is rather larger and lighter colored, but essentially similar to eastern specimens, end y Ne, OES ee wok 7 a r f No. 1376. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAI DISTRICT—DYAR. 99] MEROPTERA PRAVELLA Grote. One specimen, June 13, and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 27, 1902, and July 7, 1902. SALEBRIA LAVIGATELLA Hulst. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 29, 1901. LAODAMIA FUSCA Haworth. Three specimens, July 29 (Bear Lake Mountain), August 4, 31 (Shawnigan Lake), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 7, 1902. ETIELLA ZINCKENELLA Treitschke. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 3, 1902. ZOPHODIA PACKARDELLA Ragonot. One specimen, April 30 (Mr. Cockle), and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, April 28, 1901, and May 20, 1902. EUZOPHERA OCHRIFRONTELLA Zeller. Two specimens, July 23, 30. ECCOPISA SERRATILINEELLA Ragonot. Four specimens, August 17, September + (Shawnigan Lake), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 24, 1902. HULSTIA UNDULATELLA Clemens. Twenty-eight specimens, April 27 (Mr. Cockle), June 27, 28, July 1, 3, 4, 10 (Ainsworth), 15, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 8, 1902. EPHESTIA AMARELLA, new species. Three specimens, June 13, 23, 24. Fore wings with 9 veins, hind wings with 7; tongue long; ocelli absent, palpi erect, hind wings with veins 3and4connate. By these characters it falls between Lurythica and Unadilla, according to Hulst’s tables, but is really an phestia. Light gray; a carneous reddish shade along inner third of wing, most distinct on submedian fold in median space. Inner line obsolete, but indicated by a broad, light blackish outer edge, which forms a straight, slightly oblique band. Discal spot of two superimposed dots. Outer line obsolete, indicated by its rather narrow, blackish inner shade, inwaved opposite cell and on submedian fold. Hind wings whitish, fuscous along costa. Expanse, 15 mm. o> Type.—Cat. No. 7828, U. S. National Museum, Proc. N. M, vol. xxvii 03 63 922 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVI. HOMCOSOMA MUCIDELLUM Ragonot. One specimen, June 24, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 20, 1902. EPHESTIODES GILVESCENTELLA Ragonot. Four specimens, June 18, July 1, August 13, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 27. EPHESTIODES BENJAMINELLA, new species. Five specimens, June 22, July 19, 24, 25, August 3, two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 19, 1901, August 17, and five from Pullman, Washington (C. V. Piper), July 11, 12, 1898, and August 2, 1899. Dark fuscous with a red tint. Lines more or less obscured, pale, edged with blackish toward median space; discal dots black, indistinct. Hind wings fuscous. Anal tuft of male sordid ocherous. Expanse, 13-14 mm. The form differs from g7lvescentella Ragonot and nigrella Hulst by the fuscous hind wings. It seems nearest allied to erythrella Ragonot, which | have not seen, but is not so red, that being described as ‘* dark vinous red, dusted with black on costa and veins.” Type.—Cat. No. 7830, U. 8. National Museum. Respectfully dedicated to Dr. Marcus Benjamin, the efficient editor of these Proceedings. Family PTEROPHORID &. PLATYPTILIA COSMODACTYLA Hubner. Three specimens, July 11, 12, 19 and one from Mr. Cockle’s collec- tion, June 21, 1902. The larvee were found in the red bracts of the high bush honeysuckle (Lonicera involucrata), eating holes in the young fruit through the bracts and destroying the fruit. A larva in the penultimate stage had the following characters. I have described the mature larva from a Coloradan specimen. @ Larva.—Head bilobed, shining black. Cervical shield quadrate, black; thoracic feet and anal plate black; tubercles brown, angularly plated, i and ii with a pale hair and very short black one separate, i dorsad to ii; tubercle iii also with multiple hairs; two secondary hairs, very short, black, below tubercle i; tubercle iiia present; iv + v with a secondary hair closely adjoining; vi single. Skin with sparse, dark, secondary granules. Dorsum broadly whitish with dorsal red- dish line; sides dull reddish, stigmatal region whitish. The mature larva has numerous secondary hairs. @Proc. U. 8. National Museum, X XV, 1902, p. 399. eh et Matera * Hi » ye xo. 1376. = DLEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENATI DISTRICT—DYAR. 923 PLATYPTILIA TESSERADACTYLA Linnzus. Two specimens, July 29 (Bear Lake Mountain), August 11 (Kokanee Mountain). PLATYPTILIA CARDUIDACTYLA Riley. Five specimens, June 5, 23, July 21 (Bear Lake), August 5, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 24. OXYPTILUS NINGORIS Walsingham. Seven specimens, June 25, 27, 29, August 3. The young larve were found webbing the heads and deforming the leaves of a wooly herba- ceous plant with milky juice, (eracium albiflorum. The larvee were very small but made a great showing as the whole head of the plant is webbed and distorted, the leaves crumpled and the flower shoot does not grow up as it normally would. Larva.—Head small, bilobed, pale honey yellow, mouth pointed. Body robust, tapering a little at the ends, feet normal, slender, dilated at the ends as usual in the Pterophoride. Primary hairs simple, coarse, white, i and ii closely approximated, the tubercles black; iii single, iv and y closely approximated, vi single, the tubercles brownish ringed. Numerous small secondary hairs all over, white, short, broadly clavate tipped. Olivaceous green, the food dark; skin densely covered with minute black, flat granules; spiracles black ringed. Later there is a deep brown spot on tubercle i+-ii. Pupa.—Attached by the anal extremity, free; pale yellow, the tuber- cles like those of the larva, the dorsal ones colored red. The young larva is without the capitate secondary hairs. OXYPTILUS TENUIDACTYLUS Fitch. Two specimens, June 23 (bred). The larvee occured on the thimble- berry (Rubus nutkanus) with the normal structure and coloration. I have described them from New York specimens on blackberry.“ PTEROPHORUS ANGUSTUS Walsingham. Thirty-three specimens, June 9, 10, 11, 18, 20, 21, 23, 94. 25, 30, July 11 (Ainsworth), 24, 25, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection June 10, 1902. The moths were easily started up from low grass and weeds, but especially from the plant Anaphal/s margaratacea, which I suppose is their food plant. Larve were found commonly in the flower heads of this plant, but unfortunately were not bred, The fellowing is a description of them: Larva.—Head shining brown-black, bilobed, the clypeus reaching vertex, rounded at top; mouth pointed. Body robust, flattened, «Psyche, VIII, 1898, p. 249. 924 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVIL. tupered behind, feet normal, small. Densely covered with brown- black, flat granules, forming a double patch dorsally, bisected by a pale dorsal line; ground color whitish, forming a subdorsal band; seg- mental incisures shagreened. ‘Tubercles i and ii separate, 1 dorsally placed, with secondary hairs; iv and v separate. Later the larva is whitish, with the flat black granules; dorsal, subdorsal, and stigmatal purplish bands, the dorsal band geminately segmentarily bimaculate in blackish. PTEROPHORUS HELIANTHI Walsingham. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, August 10 (South Fork Creek), may be referable to this species, although it lacks the subapical brown dash shown in Lord Walsingham’s figure. The two discal dots are present, and the brown powdering around the fissure. PTEROPHORUS BRUCEI Fernald. Two specimens, August 12, September 4 (Shawnigan Lake, Van- couver Island), in poor condition, but seeming to agree with speci- mens from Colorado so named for me by Dr. C. H. Fernald. STENOPTILIA COLORADENSIS Fernald. One specimen, June 25, agrees well with Doctor Fernald’s type before me, except that it is smaller. Family ORNEODID %. ORNEODES HEXADACTYLA Linnezus. One specimen, July 13 (bred), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, April 24. The moth emerged in a jar containing leaf miners on snow- berry, but I am not certain that I have correctly observed the larva. Family TORTRICID. OLETHREUTES CAPREANA Hiibner. One specimen, July 9, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. Mr. W. D. Kearfott, in kindly going over my Tortricid material from Kaslo, named this form frigidana Packard. His determination may be perfectly correct, but, if so, fr¢gidana can not be a distinct species from the European capreana. OLETHREUTES CAMPESTRANA Zeller. Sixty-three specimens, June 7, 10, 11, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 28, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, July 2, 3, 4, 8, 10 (Ainsworth), 11 (Ainsworth), 19, 25, August 8,4. The larvee of this common little species occurred on the thimbleberry (Rubus nutkanus). no. 1376. DEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAI eee DYAR. 925 Larva.—Head rounded, squarish, held obliquely, Samooth and even in front, clypeus highly triangular; deep black, slightly shining, mouth a little paler, basal joint of antenne pale. Cervical shield large, dull black, vinous tinted. Body slender, very active, uniformly dark vinous brown throughout; anal plate black; tubercles small, slightly raised, appearing paler than the body by reflection of light, really concolorous. Sete moderate, brownish, longer on the anal end, iv-+y; on thorax ia+ib and iia+iib. OLETHREUTES CORUSCANA Clemens. Thirty-seven Sean June Tt, 13, 16) 17, 18, 19, 90, 99. 98. 94 25, 29, 30, July 1, 2, 4, 10 (Ainsworth), 13, 15, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 18, 1902. The specimens are larger than eastern coruscana, the hind wings paler. Some examples closely approach constellatana Zeller. 5 OLETHREUTES DUPLEX Walsingham. Five specimens, June 10, 12, 16, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collee- tion, June 27, 1901. The green larve were found on aspen, but spun before a description had been prepared. EUCOSMA CIRCULANA Hiibner. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. The specimen is large, like those I have from Manitou, Colorado, and Huachuca Moun- tains, Arizona, and the transverse obscure silvery bands are straight. The costal fold is closely applied and difficult to see. I can not posi- tively observe it in the Kalso specimen, though it is fairly obyious in some of the others. EUCOSMA CASTANEANA Walsingham. Nineteen specimens, June 26, 27, July 10, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 24. The moths were common, flying about the goose- berry bushes on which their larvee fed. EUCOSMA JUNCTICILIANA Walsingham. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection resembles eastern specimens so nearly that I do not venture to separate it. EUCOSMA AGRICOLANA Walsingham. Two specimens, June 11, 17, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. EUCOSMA ATOMOSANA Walsingham. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, considerably worn, seems probably referable to this species on comparison with Walsing- ham’s figure. 926 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. EUCOSMA TRANSMISSANA Walker. One specimen, July 28 (Bear Lake Mountain) and three from Mr, Cockle’s collection, May 13, June 11, are apparently very near to trans- missana Walker, if not really that species. They may retain the identification pending the receipt of more complete collections. EUCOSMA DORSISIGNATANA Clemens. Two specimens, sent by Mr. Cockle, taken probably sometime in August. EUCOSMA PULSATILLANA Dyar. Three specimens, July 24, 25, 29 and one from Mr. Cockle’s collee- tion, July 31. The larvee were found webbing and killing the leaves of clematis. EUCOSMA SIMILANA Hubner. Nospecimens; two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, October 1, 1902. EUCOSMA CRENANA Hibner. . Forty-four specimens, March 26 (Mr. Cockle), June 1, 29, July 1, 2. 5,6, 8, 24, 25, dle Aneust At 5.6.00 12.013 ol i angen a Mr. Cockle’s collection, March 29, April 4, June 6, September 21, Octo- ber 20. This seems insepar: ‘ble from the European species. Mr. Kearfott has recently described it as Proteopteryx columbia” with two varieties, but I do not think the new name necessary. It is extremely variable, but my European series of six specimens match nicely the forms columbia Keartott and a/bidorsana Kearfott. It should certainly not be placed in Proteopteryx, which has no costal fold in the male.? Meyrick* gives the larva on willow. A number of my specimens were bred from this plant, but so mixed with other species that I an not give a description of the larva with certainty. THIODIA APACHEANA Walsingham. Eight specimens, June 23, 24, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 11. They agree well with one from Los Angeles, California (Koebele), identified by Lord Walsingham in 1887. They are a little larger and the markings seem brighter, which is probably due to their being fresher. In going over this species with Mr. Kearfott we concluded that it was Hucosma albangulana Walsingham; but in this we were hasty, as the male has no costal fold. It resembles the figure of that species, however. @Can. Ent., XXXVI, 1904, p. 112. » As this is in press I see that Professor Fernald corrects Lord Walsingham’s diag- nosis of Proteopteryx to include the costal fold. Can. Ent., XXXVI, 1904, p. 120. ¢Handb. Brit. Lep., 1895, p. 493. No. 1376. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAT DISTRICT—DYAR. sO bo 1 ~T THIODIA PSEUDOTSUGANA Kearfott. Twenty specimens, June 24, July 9, August 4, 10 (Kokanee Moun- tain), 17, and three from Mr. Cockle’s collection, April 10, 1902, August 10 (Kitchener Glacier). Several of the specimens were found torpid on snow. The larve were beaten from a spruce tree at Powder Creek. Larva.—Head bilobed, elongate, reddish luteous, sutures and jaws dark brown, eye black, antennz white at base, black at tip. Cer- vical shield large, black, shading paler before, rather broadly bisected. Later head red brown, epistoma and bases of antennze white. Cer- vical shield green, except the black posterior rim. Body green with- out marks. THIODIA ARCTOSTAPHYLANA Kearfott. Seven specimens, all raised from larvee on bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-urs/). They emerged late in August. The larvee are sordid whitish with red brown heads and spin up the ends of the shoots of the plant, eating out the terminal bud. I found the same larve two years previously high on the foothills back of Golden, Colorado, where the bearberry grows. These moths also emerged in August. Larva.—Head rounded, apex in joint 2, shining brown, clypeus high. Cervical shield rather large, shining luteous, transparent, shading to black behind. Anal plate brown-black; some small shields on joint 13 anteriorly, a single dorsal and a subdorsal. Body robust, tapering at the ends, not very active; translucent greenish yellow, food opaquely green; tubercles small but distinct, blackish luteous, iatib, tiatiib, iv--v, i dorsad to ii. Feet normal, short, the thoracic ones black. THIODIA ELONGANA Walsingham, var. TRANSVERSA Walsingham. Ten specimens, June 8 (Ainsworth), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 30, 1902. Three are elongana, seven of the form transversa. Lean not regard these as distinct species. They were flying commonly in a dried-out swamp near Loon Lake above Ains- worth, but alighting among dead brush were very difficult to capture. THIODIA ARTEMISIANA Walsingham, var. INFIMBRIANA, new variety. 2 Three specimens, June 23, August 9 (South Fork Creek), and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, August 4 and August 17, 1902. The specimens are a little smaller than the typical form, the dark bands on the wing rather less oblique and the fringe light gray like the bands, not discolorously bright brown. Type.—Cat. No. 7659, U.S. National Museum. Sa aS 928 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII. ¥ EPINOTIA BIANGULANA Walsingham. One specimen, October 13 (Mr. Cockle) and one from Mr. Cockle’s coilection, September 30. These nearly agree with Lord Walsingham’s figure and may remain under the name, at least temporarily. EPINOTIA LINDANA Fernald. Five specimens, August 8, 11, and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, September 2, September 6, 1902. Mr. Cockle’s specimens have the dark costal part of the fore wings red brown, while mine are dark brown. His specimens are probably discolored. The larve occurred on dogwood (Cornus), spinning up the leaves and killing them. Larva.—Head retracted in joint 2, shining brown, blotched with black, epistoma and bases of antennz pale. Cervical shield large, black. Abdomen slender, colorless whitish, tubercles slightly shining. EPINOTIA MEDIOPLAGATA Walsingham. Seven specimens, June 20, 21, 25, July 2, 21 (Bear Lake Mountain), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 3, 1902. Mr. Kearfott and myself, after comparing carefully Lord Walsingham’s figure and description, have concluded that we have correctly identified this form. ANCYLIS MEDIOFASCIANA Clemens. No specimens; two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 11 and 27. EUDEMIS VACCINIANA Packard. One specimen, July 23. ANCYLIS BIARCUANA Stephens. One specimen, the label lost, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 11. ANCYLIS PACIFICANA Clemens. Four specimens, May 29, 31, June 3, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 9, 1902. ENARMONIA NIGRICANA Stephens. No specimens; three from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 28, June 10, 1901, of which I have retained one for the National Museum. The species was omitted from Bulletin No. 52 by Doctor Fernald, but is well known to occur in Canada.“ «Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., No. 33, new series, 1902, p. 96. No. 1376. [LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAT DISTRICT—DYAR. 996 ENARMONIA COCKLEANA Kearfott. Twenty-five specimens, June 15, 16, 17, July 1 5, 26, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 3, 1902. Extremely near the Kuropean cruciana Linneus and in all probability not specif- ically distinct therefrom. The European larva feeds on wiliow. Many of my specimens were bred from this plant. The following is a description of the larve, but there is a chance that it is not correct. as the cultures from the willow buds yielded a mixture of species and the description may have been taken from a Hucosma crenana. Larva.—Head bilobed, pale translucent brown, irregularly smoky shaded over the lobes, apex retracted, clypeus high, eye and a dash behind black, mouth brown. Body moderately slender, not very active, translucent pale greenish yellow, the food showing opaquely green, not filling the body. Cervical shield shining translucent pale luteous, alittle smoky blotched about the edges. —Tubercles concolor- ous, minute, a little shining; set pale. Feet normal, pale, no plates; several short stiff spines at the end of the anal flap. Tubercles ia+-ib, Ha+iibh, iv+y. 4, 4 0, 19, 23, 25 9 aly ad ENARMONIA GALLAESALICANA Riley. One specimen, June 25, determined by Mr. W. D. Kearfott. HEMIMENE PLUMBANA Scopoli. Fourteen specimens, June 4, July 28 (Bear Lake Mountain), 29 (Bear Lake Mountain). HEMIMENE ALPINANA Treitschke. Four specimens, June 12, 20, 25, and one from Mr.Cockle’s collection June 24. ACLERIS VARIANA Fernald. Nine specimens, June 11, August 3, September 9 (Field), 10 (Banff, Alberta), and seven from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 8, 1902, October 16, 19, 20, 1902. ACLERIS SCABRANA Curtis. One specimen, June 1, which Mr. Kearfott named ¢7/s/gnana Robin- son: but does not correspond with it, as I have these species separated. ACLERIS FERRUGINIGUTTANA Fernald. One specimen, August 30 (Shawnigan Lake, Vancouver Island), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, April 15, 1902. ACLERIS EFFRACTANA Froelich. Two specimens, July 6, August 4. Much darker than the European species and possibly specitically distinct therefrom. One specimen was bred from a jar of mixed pup. 930 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVIL. ACLERIS HASTIANA Linnzus, var. SIGNATANA Heyden. Four specimens, August 6, 8, and five from Mr. Cockle’s collection, showing much variation. The two specimens which I refer to the variety s¢ynatana were bred from larvee webbing the heads of Azalea. The head was luteous, body greenish, grayish dorsally but transparent; 5 male glands yellowish. One variety of the moth was small with a yellow stripe. I have one captured specimen of it and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, October 10, 1902. Another variety had a white costal shade, the specimen being from Mr. Cockle’s collection, April 20. ACLERIS SCHALLERIANA Linneus. One specimen, July 29, and four from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 6, 11, September 18. ACLERIS BRITTANIA Kearfott. Sixteen specimens, July 4, 5, 8, 21, 24, August 3, 6, 31 (Shawnigan Lake), September 5 (Shawnigan Lake), and one from Mr. Cockle’s col- lection, August 8, 1901. The larvee were bred on thimbleberry and rose. On the former plant they often bit off the leaves partly, living in the dead and dried portion. Larva.—Head squarish, full in front, shining brown black, diluted about the mouth. Cervical shield luteous, blackish blotched at the borders. Body moderate, shining transparent greenish, the male glands faintly whitish. Tubercles concolorous, obscure; setze* small. Thoracic feet black. ARCHIPS ROSACEANA Harris. Thirteen specimens, June 25, July 19, 21, 25, 31, August 6, 7, 12, 13, 26 (Victoria), September 5 (Victoria), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 1, 1901. A specimen was bred from a larva on aspen. ARCHIPS VIRESCANA Clemens. Eighteen specimens, June 16, July 2, 7, 8, 15,18, 19, 23, 25, August 1, 3, 4, 5, 11, 18, 14 (Revelstoke, Mr. Currie), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 20, 1901. ARCHIPS ARGYROSPILA Walker. Five specimens, July 19, 25, August 12,15 (in train near Field, Mr. Currie). ARCHIPS PERSICANA Fitch. ~ . we 2 ‘ Ss 1 C a“ Seventeen specimens, June 15, 16, 23, 25, July 2, 15, 21, 23, 24, 25, August 5, 6, 11, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection July 3, 1902. A larva was found on Ceanothus and produced this species. wo. 1376. = LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAI DISTRICT—DYAR. 98] Larva.—Head green, opaquely luteous over the lobes, antennie white at base, black at tip, epistoma white, ocelli black, a short black band on side of head behind. Body translucent green, a faint yel- lowish line along tubercles i and ii. Cervical shield green, faintly luteous tinged. Thoracic feet blackish; tubercles moderate, whitish, raised, conspicuous with black hair dots; anal plate luteous; tubercles iv + v. Dorsal vessel dark green; segments coarsely annulate. PLATYNOTA SENTANA Clemens. Thirteen specimens, June 16, 17, 23, 28, July 3, 4, 11, 15, 21, 25, August 5, 6, 7, and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection June 21. The larve were bred on clematis mixed with Hucosma pulsatillana and also on birch where they had killed the leaves. : Larva.—Head vinous black, diluted with brown streaks, or brown. Cervical shield large, black, shading to luteous on the front border. Body green or purplish, the subdorsal fat body faintly whitish. Tubercles small, white, hair dots black; sete stiff, pale; thoracic feet largely black; male glands large, dull vinous. TORTRIX DORSALANA Dyar. One specimen, June 30, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 14, 1901. TORTRIX ARGENTANA Clemens. One specimen, June 15, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection. TORTRIX OSSEANA Scopoli. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, August 10 (Camp Mansfield). TORTRIX ALBICOMANA Clemens. Three specimens, June 29, July 4, August 3. TORTRIX BERGMANNIANA Linneus. Four specimens, June 25, 29, July 15,18, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 1. EULIA MINISTRANA Linnzus. One specimen, June 11, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 11. EULIA GLOVERANA Walsingham. ? Four spevimens, July 2, 15, 27, August 3; determined by Mr, Kearfott. PHALONIA DUBITANA Hiibner. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 30. 932 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXVII, PHALONIA DEUTSCHIANA Zetterstedt. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 12, agreeing essentially with European specimens. COMMOPHILA FUSCODORSANA Kearfott. No specimens; one from M1. Cockle’s collection, June 7, formed Mr. Kearfott’s type and has been retained in the National Museum. CARPOSINA CRESCENTELLA Walsingham. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 12, 1902, is larger than my Eastern specimens, but not separable specifically there- from, at least with the present small material. Family YPONOMEUTID®. ALLONONYMA DIANA Hiibner, var. BETULIPERDA Dyar. One specimen, August 4, bred from a cocoon on alder. HEMEROPHILA ALPINELLA Busck. Four specimens, July 21 (Bear Lake Mountain), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 9, 1901. CHOREUTIS ONUSTANA Walker. Four specimens, June 11, 18, 23, July 21 (Bear Lake Mountain), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 3, 1902. CHOREUTIS LEUCOBASIS Fernald. Five specimens, May 29, July 12, 13, 14. The larva occurred on Anaphalis margaratacea in a soft web on the top of a leaf, solitary. Larva.—Head long, elliptical, mouth pointed, lobes full, clypeus high; held flatly; pale luteous, ocelli black, mouth brown, Body cylindrical, tapering at the ends, slender, segments coarsely annulate, feet normal, slender. Pale green; a broad dorsal yellowish, illy defined shade; tubercles small, black, distinct; sete pale, rather long, iv and v closely approximated, v smaller and a little ventrad; no dis- colorous shields; feet all pale. Cocoon fusiform, white. GLYPHIPTERYX IMPIGRITELLA Clemens. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 29. no. 1876. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAI DISTRICT—DYAR. 933 CEROSTOMA RADIATELLA Donovan. No specimens; two in Mr. Cockle’s collection, March 27 and April 10, 1902. TRACHOMA FALCIFERELLA Walsingham. _ One specimen, August 7, and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, August 28 and October 20, 1902. HARPHYPTERYX DENTIFERELLA Walsingham. One specimen, August 7. PLUTELLA MACULIPENNIS Curtis. Fifteen specimens, June 1, 3, 11, 18, 14, 20, July 4, 14, 15, 24, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 28. The larve occurred on cabbage and other cruciferous plants. PLUTELLA POULELLA Busck. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 12, formed Mr. Busck’s type and has been retained in the National Museum. PLUTELLA INTERRUPTA Walsingham. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 24. ZELLERIA GRACILARIELLA Busck. Nine specimens, May 31, July 19, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29. The larve occurred on bes lacustre, gregariously in a large loose web among the leaves. Larva.—Slender, head luteous, heavily spotted with black, body with a subdorsal smoky black shade. The cocoon is fusiform, white, in a cloud of delicate white silk with drops of fluid in it. ZELLERIA RIBESIELLA Busck. Two specimens, July 22, 25. Bred from the same lot of larvee that gave the preceding species and it is probably a variety of that. ARGYRESTHIA PYGMZELLA Hiibner. Nine specimens, July 10, 16, 18, 24, August 3, 28 (Victoria). ARGYRESTHIA GOEDARTELLA Linnzus. Forty-three specimens, July 10, 31, August 5, September 5 (Wel- lington). The Wellington specimens were all collected on alder, which is evidently the food plant of the species. 934 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Family G2COPHORID &. DEPRESSARIA ARGILLACEA Walsingham. Four specimens, June 5, August 6, 21 (Revelstoke), 22 (Revelstoke), and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, April 24. DEPRESSARIA KLAMATHIANA Walsingham. Two specimens, August 1, 11, and three from Mr. Cockle’s collee- tion, April 1, April 30, 1902, and September 18. DEPRESSARIA ROSACILIELLA Busck. One specimen, June 5, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 4, 1901. DEPRESSARIA ALIENELLA Busck. One specimen, August 6. DEPRESSARIA PALLIDELLA Busck. One specimen, August 6, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, August 15, 1901. BORKHAUSENIA PSEUDOSPRETELLA Stainton. Four specimens, August 8, 13 (Sandon, Mr. Currie), September 5 > = (Victoria), and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 24, August 12. BORKHAUSENIA DIMIDIELLA Walsingham. No specimens; one in Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 6. BORKHAUSENIA BORKHAUSENII Zeller. Two specimens, June 29, July 25. BORKHAUSENIA COLORADELLA Walsingham, No specimens; three in Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 24, July 12, and July 1, 1901. ENDROSIS LACTEELLA Schiffermiiller. Seven specimens, June 5, 6, 24, 25, July 9, 11 (Ainsworth), and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 6 and June 18, 1901. Most of the specimens were taken in the house. Family GELECHIID i. ARISTOTELIA NOTATELLA Busck. Fifteen specimens, June 22, 23, 29, July 1, 15, August 3, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 3, 1902. no. 1376. = =LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAI DISTRICT—DYAR. 935 ARISTOTELIA HARRISONELLA Busck. Seventeen specimens, June 1, 3, 8, 10, 11, 16, 20, 22, 23, 25, and four from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 6, 11, July 3, 1902. ARISTOTELIA FUNGIVORELLA Clemens. Fifteen specimens, July 25, August 4, 5, 6, 7,11, 15. The larva occurred on willow, in a soft loose web, eating the parenchyma of the leaf from the upper side. Larva.—Head rounded, greenish, whitish dotted, and washed with brown above. Body slender, whitish green, opaque, reticular dotted in brown, forming laterally a broad, heavy band; subventral fold lighter. Thoracic feet black, tubercles minute, sete: moderate, iy and y closely approximated, in line. ARISTOTELIA RUBIDELLA Clemens. Nine specimens, June 23, 27, 30, July 15, 23, 25, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 1. ANACAMPSIS NIVEOPULVELLA Chambers. Two specimens, June 24, July 12. One specimen was bred from a leaf roller on willow; the other from a leaf roller and stitcher on aspen. The larva makes a neat roll of the leaf, the ends closed and covered with little stitches on the outside. It eats the inner part. Larva.—Head slightly bilobed, black, diluted to brown in a blotch on the face; clypeus highly triangular, reaching vertex, shining. Cervical shield shining black, a brown triangular dilution posteriorly and a crooked mark in the center of each half; divided by a pale dorsal line; anterior rim of joint 2 whitish. Body tortriciform, translucent sordid grayish white; tubercles round, black, ia+-ib, iia+-iib, iv-+-v; anal plate large, brown black; sete rather long, dusky; thoracic feet black. GLYPHIDOCERA SEPTENTRIONELLA Busck. Seven specimens, July 4, 15, 19, 21, 24. GELECHIA MANDELLA Busck. Seven specimens, July 7, August 5, 13 (Sandon, Mr. Currie), 15. GELECHIA MONELLA Busck. Eleven specimens, August 5, 6, 7, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18. GELECHIA ABACTELLA Busck. Fifty-one specimens, July 19, 24, 30, August 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 16, 17,18. Mr. Busck is not certain that all the specimens belong to this species, as he has not critically examined each; but they appear to do so, being of the same size and color, 936 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. GELECHIA CEANOTHIELLA Busck. Eleven specimens, June 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, July 21, August 4. The larve occurred on the Ceanothus sanguineus. Larva.—Head elongate, oblique, scarcely bilobed, shining vinous black. Cervical shield large, black; thoracic feet also black. All of joints 2 to 4 dark vinous except two bright white incisures, 2-3 and 3-4, which are folded, white all around. Joints 5 to 13 lined in bluish white and dull vinous, the stripes about equal in width, the pale lines dorsal, subdorsal, lateral, stigmatal. Feet pale; anal plate vinous black. Tubercles small, black; setae moderate, dusky. Family ELACHISTID. MOMPHA GRANDISELLA Chambers. One specimen, June 21. MOMPHA DECORELLA Stephens. Twenty-eight specimens, July 14, 24, 25, 27, August 15. Bred from large galls in the stems of p/lob/um. The gall is fusiform, or nearly — spherical, situated in the main stem, usually near the summit, and contains from two to twenty larve. The elongate white cocoons are spun within the gall attached to the lids of the apertures of emergence. SCYTHRIS MAGNATELLA Busck. Three specimens, July 20, 22. The larvee occurred on Epilobimn, solitary, when small, folding over half of the leaf to the midrib in the central part of its length, attached with web. Later they form con- siderable web among the leaves, and the pupa is formed in a delicate flossy web. Three stages were seen. Stage IV (4).—Head cordate, black, held flatly. Cervical shield blackish, bisected by a pale line. Body slender, tortriciform; dorsum broadly dull yellow shaded, sharply edged subdorsally, sides vinous tinted, venter sordid green. The dorsal mark is a dorsal and sub- dorsal band attached together; stigmatal band pale yellow, subventral region vinous tinted; tubercles small, blackish. Stage V.—Head dull black, a white spot in clypeus, on epistoma and a large one each side of clypeus. Cervical shield large, black, bisected by pale; anterior rim of joint 2 pale. Body washed with yellow dorsally, subdorsal line whitish, lateral region vinous shaded, subventral band white, distinct. Feet, leg shields and rather large tubercles black. Stage V/.—Head with the whole face white, the sides and vertex black. Cervical shield diluted brown before; anterior rim of joint 2 and bisecting line whitish. Lines all yellow, the subdorsal lost in the dorsal yellow suffusion, the sides vinous black. Tubercles pale with black dots, mq t< ta edt Tn ee ali 5 lial. atin ie th piel NO. 1376. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOOTENAI DISTRICT—DY AR. 937 Family TINEID2®. GRACILARIA ELONGELLA Linnaeus. Thirteen specimens, June 11, July 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 15, 16, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 29. The larvie occurred on alder. They formed linear mines on the under sides of the leaves ending in a bladder-shaped enlargement. The bladder is contracted, sewn up in a line, the leaf rumpled from midrib to margin. Later the whole leaf is rolled. Larva.—Head bilobed, narrowed behind, luteous, eye black, jaws brown. Body evlindrical, rather short and robust, whitish translucent, yellowish or greenish from tie food, no marks, slightly frosted sha- greened. Tubercles invisible, sete fine, pale, shields conocolorous; tubercles iv and vy closely approximated on the subyentral ridge in line, vi present, vii a hair on the leg base. GRACILARIA STIGMATELLA Fabricius. One specimen, July 25 and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 9. The larva occurred in a blister mine on the upper side of an aspen leaf at the tip. The linear part of the mine is short, broad, from the midrib outward, the blister large, the upper epidermis only separated, white, adhering again in spots when the green color reappears. The larva emerged, spun up the leaf on the upper side and fed at the ends of the spinning. LITHOCOLLETIS POPULIELLA Chambers. Nine specimens, July 29, August 16. The larvee occurred in blotch mines on aspen and were very numerous at a point two miles up Kaslo Creek where the aspens were completely discolored by their mines, every leaf containing several of them. LYONETIA SPECULELLA Clemens. » One hundred and forty specimens, May 30, 31, June 19, 22, 23, 26, 29 (Bear Lake). The lary were enormously abundant on Ceanothus early in the season, infesting all the leaves to such an extent that they were destroyed and the bushes defoliated. The larvee hung from the twigs by long threads so abundantly that the bushes seemed as if covered with spider’s webs on which the larvee hung in rows. They occurred to a less extent on other plants, being found occasionally on wild cherry, apple, birch, andalder. The larva forms a long, tortuous linear mine, starting from a vein and ending suddenly in a blotch. The frass is ina line at first but is ejected from the blotch by holes. The larva has the feet all present. Cocoons hammock-shaped, slung on the back of the slightly curved leaf. Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii—03—64 938 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVI¥. LYONETIA SALICIELLA Busck. One specimen, July 8, bred from a mine on willow much like that of the preceding species. LEUCOPTERA PACHYSTIMELLA Busck. Five specimens, June 9, 29, July 11, August 4, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 10. They were bred from upper-surtace mines in the last year’s leaves of the evergreen plant Pachystima myrsinites. The linear mine follows the margin of the leaf, finally forming a blotch which fills the whole leaf. The frass is crowded in a pack at the end. The larva emerges by a hole in the upper surface. It is bright yellow, without feet. The cocoon is spun beneath silken bands on the under side of another leaf. PHYLLOCNISTIS POPULIELLA Chambers. Two specimens, June 12, 16, bred from mines on aspen. The mine is on the back of the leaf, finally covering it entirely, but not killing it. The lower epidermis only is separated, the frass in a long brown line; no blotch. The cocoon occupies an enlargement of the mine in a corner of the leaf and is slightly contracted. Rarely the mines occurred on the upper side. BRACKENRIDGIA ACERIFOLIELLA Fitch. Four specimens, June 6, and one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, June 6. INCURVARIA 4ZENESCENS Walsingham. One specimen, June 4. MONOPIS BIFLAVIMACULELLA Clemens. Thirteen specimens, July 16, 18, August 9 (South Fork Creek), and two from Mr. Cockle’s collection, July 7, 1901, and July 27, 1902. TINEOLA BISSELLIELLA Hummel. No specimens; one from Mr. Cockle’s collection, May 27, 1902. TINEA PELLIONELLA Linnezus. Six specimens, June 17, 30, July 12, 29 (Bear Lake Mountain), August 10 (Kokanee Mountain). TINEA AUROPULVELLA Chambers. One specimen, July 23 (Frye Creek). Se ee ee NOTES ON COLLECTIONS OF FISHES FROM OAHU ISLAND AND LAYSAN ISLAND, HAWAII, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES. By Davin Starr JorDAN and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, Of Stanford University, California. In the autumn of 1908 a collection of fishes was received by the U. 8. Bureau of Fisheries from the market at Honolulu. They were selected and preserved by Mr. E. lL. Berndt, inspector of fisheries of Honolulu, and acting assistant to the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. At about the same time a series of fishes was sent to Stanford Uni- versity from Laysan Island, about 800 miles to the westward of Oahu. These were collected by Mr. Max Schlemmer, superintendent of the guano industry of Laysan. An account of these collections is given in this paper. Plates of the new species will be published in the final report on the Hawaiian fishes. We have also included three species obtained at Hilo by Mr. Henry W. Henshaw. The following species are new to the faunaof the Hawaiian Islands: Alopias vulpes (Gmelin), Oahu. Galeocerdo tigrinus Miller and Henle, Oahu. Brachysomophis henshawi Jordan and Snyder, Oahu. Ariomma lurida Jordan and Snyder, Oahu. Thalassoma aneitense (Giinther), Oahu. Lactoria schlemmeri Jordan and Snyder, haysan. Antennarius laysanius Jordan and Snyder, Laysan. Family ALOPIID.E. 1. ALOPIAS VULPES (Gmelin). A large specimen from the market of Honolulu. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum. VOL. XXVII—No. 1377. 939 940 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. Family CARCHARIID/. 2. GALEOCERDO TIGRINUS Miller and Henle. Galeocerdo rayneri Macponaup and Barron, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 368, pl. xxx, not Galeus maculatus Ranzani of the Atlantic. One large specimen, answering well to the description and figure given by Macdonald and Barron, except that the coloration is brighter, the black spots along the base of the dorsal being bright, and the short. black, vertical bands below them conspicuous. o tae cee Gwen = sein! ott 659 BT CUGd ec ae a ach estas ake saaee cess 28 belliceps.........--0-------- esos eeee 659 : Page. Aboa CrEMUldta@. stan nse een sows cee ee 28 deshayesianay te Sees fee 67 deshaysiana .......... pee ne 29 harlordi-st ee: See eee 658 THIS eee Foe Seen ee at eee 28, 674 MAKING Aas. sce ee ake eee eae 27,29 DlebGidgss.. heat ate can te once emaes 29 DSOTHE cs eens ee lee trea ae een 28, 29 quadratasinus, new species......... 672, 674 RPOMSIOpHl a: els laser ee ee a 26 N@NUOSS see ele a ee eae 28, 29 WEDDIDsto.c= ccs baces eco awe meer oe 28 MPepathon loligined ---es-- see dene amen eee 25 FEPITRE SS oee se ck coe cees coc ceo. Of Oy capo, OOO, Ore ADgithnalosrosedie. s-cseucsce sone eeee asec ae 443 TOSCUSS: coh). Pease e ae chet eee 457 JBSCDNE +5232 se tee ks ace sees ea eee see. 696 californica s.-c-ss-6soe5= eee 696 galapagoensis............ 695, 686, 719, 720 (AisCHniite 2 =. S22 ones eee eee ee awe 693 Zescwius Californich ooo. -.ce sacs e ees —ee 474,532 eBtheloptera inte xtata .. -2sseesn s-.-2socees 486, 518 Variabilis: 222-<.---eeseseteeer os 486, 530 VINSOMOIG ese em saeco 480, 520 WLCtA TUS! oe reretrse cee caer etic 483, 530 wellmane, new species .....-- 473, 483, 491, 525, 535, 587 VOLE Gamay seer iggy Sethe panes Oa 485, 534 Aleyrodide ...... 471, 472, 473, 475, 477, 478, 503, 505 Aleyrodids, The, or Mealy-Winged Flies, of California, with References to other American Species, by Florence E. Bemis 471 AMItLOPUS thy PUSs 2 eee a a seeeiseiemtnicl ete eeiars 23 re INDEX. 965 : Page. rage. PANILGTIS INA cA cca seteid ca eicsele ccs ce 728, 730, 781, 732 | Anarta melanopa ...............-s0cece- 862 PHONE WSL. cssapiencowumcias to ccce 730, 731 PRULCINUAUML ster twin cous dae uae oa. 862 CADSR sc ctos sUcete wes on kc ue 73%; || SAMONCR ronan 2c. es woe ose ahs cee 5, 8,13, 16 clavatum Bits Kcta tan auc Parmer TS) RTI whey s ace ign Ea EES Sa eidek aida cu 694, 696 COO PO Bie riemeateeine fe meee cee ae 731 | UR tea wre dae ek eis 686, 695, 719 COStHRUIMN) (2 oem Soc st ene 730, 732 SP TUL a acta hee oe Settee hs 694, 695 TERUUITN FS Sie, cic aici teen 731 LON gIPEH YE. aoe cars tester ieee 686, 695, 719 UG AGU ete ae et PDN OD CONS en aie cinta 1 ee eee eae Re 27 PEMA ae ao. acai ade Decie a oe oO) | SANCy lis biaTCuAnHy 256-5 ee oes er ene 928 PU NOuG Ase eedese soceMeks acess < 730 mediofasciana o.- 5... 2s cccésvas 928 TAOS Gass tan ain aa oe ele 731 paciicenasc-= 29. 3-. eeceeeted 928 AMM palensise...-.-os-asch ence 730 | Androloma mac-cullochii ................ 796 HUIMOISEN SOs sooo oe sees ce DOF |WANPCIA AY. 25 os ccct os ah As. cae te 565 LN COOMA IIMs oe 55 ioe occas 73! DYACHY PLEO oc.- ohne eee ee 565 SWIMS aioe oo Scns sepeees vise 731 ASU oe chan eae ay Se ae 565 AMAR VALCNSE se ccseesacszs~ =< 730, 731 DETPULGO etn non c een eee oneee 566 DIGUROPISHRA I= = o< cc =e ees ose 730, 731 DUXPUTASCRNS S257. ~ ee = co eea ae 565 OREN le creracinicsacrewe eas 730 quinquemaculata ................ 565 AUTTOAUUIM Seo. octere Swe eece = = 731 | VOISICGlOL ae shes vie ewe cas oad 565 SUD CUNEH HUN. 5c 256m soca aie eames lin arias 28.04. t oe wee 912 GTEVUIU A Cire oa fo eae CS PATH OC TE tets cere oe gh ees oe 31 MENETICOSUIN +a os... -5ec--csasee WSO STS MPACTISOL A DIS see seo a rehee ee eee ee 0 PERTH Wipes eae oe ceo se te 730, 731 | MVGTUIN at. Sse eee 540 Allononyma, new name............-..--- 745, 746 WUCEEBI Bos ones omens om 540 Grasmere = ees tionse Ss 745 Silico. wen ase 4s Sonne ae enn M0 yar. betuliperda ..... 746, 932, | Anisops carinatus ..-.-.-...-..-.........- 364 PO MIAS VU PES=e scot wenacicna- ces aces O39)c | ATIBOD LETEic saa Sei one Fe oe tm ee Ime See 686 PRUSSIA ee PS ta cin Sa acts, olan cise Uieicin sine Se 939 | Annaphile Ganistica 2 .. =i. s-ss.ccssemene= 876 PANS OTIS Peeetats oat telas, a/sjaivie aicjscscemeicceslee se 67 | Anomiopsyllus, new genus.....-. 377, 425, 452, 462 erernebeelis 52.6 .-<2c65 2a. = 67 | Badatus) ce. cto ac 426, 452, 459 USGS DMUtO pases ce on iociscesatsan salen 359)s BANODIASORUS =_ > sce Gao mee eee anes 576, 598, 599 PMV tel GOW ete inisie sae im)- nace ce nsec 796 | THCTMNIGH: 2a oe Se one 598, 599 Ambesa walsinehami .....-....2...------ 920 | Anosia plexippus....---..----..-......... 786 AMP VOCUSAUTAbUS: . <<. <---o.-\...-iese~s---- 76s) AnthiUnas. <6 cann =p -betwekanw es cedeueen esas 12,13 PASTAS AOE eee eles a Sec Seine ance wisia'ae wise S09) Ps ANChnGss .. seen ena= tam eypeees 3, 4, 9, 18, 14, 23, 27 Analytical Key to the American Forms of AMUTOPUSs oxtan se we Sexe oe nee eee 5,6, 14 Asio, Based on Adult Females ....----- 17S) MAIEV oe cache «eee wna a eee sere 838 Anaphalis margaratacea .....-------. 750, 923, 932 OVEUNAY dsc cc cacan ovetenie mae 838 PRUNES LEC Wheaten IS ane cseaias ais eNom dete 542 ODSCULUB sic os + wen. Sa tdouaat ene ten 838 COUSIN yee ees seat ene eniacieta = 542 sculptus, var. profundus ........- sas EER res tetas ae = ee noc e aisle amie 542 | Apantesis blakei ..........-----.--.-+---- 796 Neier tule Sew eins aloiatarcia ere 542 ornata, var. achaia ..........-.. 796 TOU UISSLON By = ee'scaha ss was > wna 542 | Apatela canadensis...........-...+-+---++ 728, 799 platycephala, new species .... 42 CYGTHGR ES oweleacs can cen rene 799 RAN COLOT ec ceendacecen a= ~ 542 GAGtYLING < e4.0'5 < om wn crn an nnnannes 797 Anaplodes pistacearia .........----------- 903 var. hesperida ........ 797 Anarta Kellogg i os <-----seee=-eee 66 Berycoid Fishes, The Osteology of Some, Tesupin atussecesceen Sese ee eeees 83 by Edwin Chapin Starks ........-.....- 601 squall a num) seen ease ne aaeeee 54 Beryuidee eo .- css sees costckeeeee se eeeeee 302)3|| (BOLCOCOLUS! E: ~a. ue sees oaaee ce ae eee 271 BOTS isis roca oitain aig ele detec stem eeteers 614, 615 STAI oe sl oerstre Matec ee etse 271 splendens®...¢2. s525m-nasceeeeeees 601° (6074)) (Borkhauseniae tet vo. secant eee = eee ee 766 Betula oo ce scse eae ee Oe ene 746, 773 borkhausenil------ 222s. 766, 934 Birds from Somali Land, Description of coloradellaicseee ee eee ane 766, 984 Two New, by Harry C. Oberholser ...-- 737 | dimidiellat=saepeseee sees 767, 934 Bithymisieeccceee soe eee eee eee a5 pseudospretella ..........- 766, 934 ACanthurusi-a-ses-oceeeecacee ees 59,20!) | MBOSTAUTUS! 2). ts eisce cise ae aces 461 ohionisy 325 tee Dewees seeeeereces 5p, 69) ||; (BOWiGtead.n aaa cemece ieee eee ee eemerse 461 Black Rock Wishis o-6 ieee os Sacer 103107) BrachyOpsisin eres oneee acess teee 576, 584, 587, 599 Blatta 22) eee essce set owe coon meer D3 Godecaedrus. sees seek eee 584 AMMETICAM Ae asc soln oe cea eee saree 599 TOStratus.<-52h- eee meee 587, 599 ANTATACING. j= -ooe heck eee eee dod segaliensis 2). sanceere eee 588, 599 HUStralasiees scenic eenree eee eesiese poo4| Brachyphyllamanaz sass ene seer ee ae eeee 347 PCTMANICA Ss: soe cee ee ocean ner 543 | Brachyrhyncus emarginatus ............- 363 SETMANICUS! Sao: eee ace Rese ae oat! j/BrachysomoOpiise scene =p jee emeceeee eee 941 Isgpponicustcse= ese see aoe Sees d41 henshawi, new species.. 939, 940 pallens 4-22 2c5.222 seein se ctesciek o41 porphiyTeus) sess sss seer 941 pallidus ec6 SS: cee eines aenateletets dal tT Brackenrid oiaceas.ssescen ceeeeeee ne eeeeee 774 PaNZerlss2e8 250 cases eee nee ees 541 acerifoliell ansnss- ss. 302 Winged Flies, with References to other SNRAUUB: 122 osc ote 262, 264 American Species, by Florence E. HIRECHTEUS «eck. cents 309 GUT RIMES tetris ea aie ce msc oe cee eects 471 @le PANS 2s eae ees 317 Gallianassa longimang -.---..-.-i-22.2--- 75 elonigatus 2: --5-226e2~ 301 SIMSON as 2s se Bees 77 FASCIA UR sett ops ee 262 @allicarpalamericana ~.--2.2-ls-4/2.5---: 507 gliihersccns voce. 301 WaMiNM AN Ser cttee sco emai op a6.c 878 elongatus........- Aang chen 455 OTM TAS. wn 6 | 2Chretiliidwers ee seek ee cee eee 3 mUstelved s22 Sh soa Secs sels 462) Cheetodon fremblii 2.2.22. 2.222 22222. .-2-e 944 oculatus, new species ...-- 386 IUTETIS. Cae ee eee eee 944 387, 396, 445, 462 quadrimacniatusss..c-e-essos= 944 pencilliserks ae c- see 445 462."|' Cheetodontideesceasscaace seen mee cneee 944 perpinnatus, new species. . 38050 eChaleclargemim allisheas esses sentra eeeeee 749 301 445" [@halceria snowine-eeeeeece eee eee 787 petiolatus, new species.... Brel al Olavshock shore ean acme ns SAGeeeBE SS caenaae . 476 388, 446, 462 | Chariesterus antennator..........2....-.- 351 PINM AUS eee ae eee eee 446° | Cheirag onus: cssaseee ees eee eee 583 proximus, new species ...- 386, gradiensen ccs sees bt ootoes 583, 584 388, 412, 446, 459 Quadricormis*ssss- ee sete 583 pseudarctomys, new spe- Gheliferay: 2 o-chc5 tees cece os hace Cees 3, 7, 8, 672 Clessateaes oe BOO Bor, 099,446 4595 (Chelonidinim:2es-easesee eee ete eee eee 6 SCIUTONUM sass seeee nase 446; 4607/2 Chilidonyurbical ses ssecern se cee eee : 443 var. dryas...... 442) ;Chilonatalus:. ao eee see eseese eee eee 343 sexdentatus, new species. - 386, MICLOPUS a 5-552 =e cee eee 340, 342, 348 387, 403;446; 409" |) (ChilOnyCteris secre acs tenses eeeceaere 342, 348, 344 silantiewil=--seccsseeer ces 446, 459 poOothixes sce eee 341, 342, 343 SHUT a ee ee eine 447, 457 macleayil...... 342, 348, 344, 346, 348 stylosus, new species ...--. 388, | paTnellii 2.22 ot geceesesesees 341 418, 447,459 | Chimeera mitsukurii...................... 223, 224 RUYaKA sR otale efatamioer am aetna tote 447, 457 MONStlOSA Ss ex aceeis seas eee 223 SUbarmatus).- 2s ese ssc 447 phantasma,sizcscos-coee eee 223, 224 TeSQUOLUIM) -sssee5 eros eee oe 447, 459 White, from Japan, on the spe- COMTI Sas aaa mece se ceesaee 447, 459 cies of, by David Starr Jordan tuberculatus, new species - 386, and John Otterbein Snyder -. 223 3873:393).414, 4470459" | *Chim eras .ceeeae ce oie toe ae eee 223 UWTALENSIS) = -12--eeeee eee ee 4455) (ChiniG Oteh.- esas Coes e eee cree eee eee 13, 27, 28, 40 vison, new species ........ - 388, entomonlc..-sasecee eee cena 22, 28, 661 408, 411, 448, 462 Sabinas Sob: sseeeee eee Tesje = seiganees 26 Villosus ‘22222 22002. eee 326, 328 planarioides a. Jae. eee 89 CrabyZ0s ese csc oee re eee ee eee 13,48,49 | Ctenocephalus ......-.....-.- 371, 377, 384, 420, 438 longicaud atts =s-eeeeee eee 5, 9, 48, 49 BYVAL Gee eae eee eee 385 Crambidia ecnstass sss sseeeee ee eee 792 Canis 2 2a. eee eee 371, Cram bus) bontiatellis 2.22. saseeeees eles 920 384, 385, 438, 458, 461, 462, 463 hamellusisen = ssoceeeeeee see estes 918 CnneOGuUs see sere tee eee eee 438 var. cypridalis........ 918 eninge cess h seus eee 439, 460 hortuellugl=s2 se seca eee 919 felis i= Scents eeeoseoe eet 385 var. vachellellus .... 919 INS qUaliseeemeeeeeeee 384, 385, 439 murellus, new species...-.....- 919 LEpOriss sci s55-caeeee eee 439 MYy-ellUS Ase secsesemn ares ees ess 919 novemdentatus .........-. 3871, 438 OLEL ONICUSEsaesaeeen eee eee ee 919 Simplex. kde scmaeelee 384, 385, 439 pascuellusters a sseceneins eee ore 918 >| Ctenolaibrus;adspersus-c-- 255-2) eae eee ee 655 plumbifimbriellus, new species. S193) SOtenOnotusics seine = ee oro see see ee eee = 371 TOPATIUS Rosas cseeacesestisseslac 919 fasciatus s2s8e sc Sooee en eee 371 ELISE CLUS) <5 seinemeceaenceee cea 920 octodecimdentatus ........-. 371 LIMIstriabellusseces seen see eee 918 | Ctenophthalmus..... 371, 377, 385, 386, 390, 423, 448 vuletvarellus teas seeeeeee- cscs 919 agyrtes .. 22. 421, 448, 458, 459, 460 Crangom) =. Sie... cst sean sacs eee eee 45,55 SUL CAA Cal NES en ere es reer 448 Hlascensis.7-o~ ces else nee See 60, 62 ASSIMTLIS See eae 421, elongata ssosseceece ee 60, 62 449, 458, 459, 460, 467 Blast ss ee se Ree ee eee 61, 62 bidentatiformis......... 449, 458 COMMIUNIS jo. eee aes 61, 62 bisbidentatus.........-- 449 OAT Seis ee ee yee 60, 62 bisoctodentatus. ...- 371, 449, 460 PrANCISCORUM yess eee eee eee 64 bisseptemdentatus...... 467 angustimana.....- 61, 62 GasyCNemMuUsi.5-4- eee 449, 460 TE ne Re Ae ney ee 60, 62 fraternus ....... 420, 423, 424, 450 MISTIGANG aa es ose ahah eae 62 genalis, new species. -.-- 420, migromacuilatasspes-eeceoses secs 61, 62 424, 450, 460 PLOPINGUa a as seeeeeneeeee see es 62 PIFAT SS Sse 420, 421, 450, 468 DLOpPiNGUUS=-eeeeeeaeeeee eee 45 INP CNS 22/4.) eae 450, 458 Crangonide 2. sce emesiemiaccemteceiaeeae es 55 intermedius .... 420, 423, 450, 457 + yaa ee ae i oo! ee, INDEX. 973 Page. | Page. Ctenophthalmus wuscili........22.2..22. 452 | Daruma, new genus.................. 282, 241, 333 Onlentalist-capenesesaa- 450, 459 sagamia, new species........... 241, 333 pentacanthus....... 450, 459, 460 | Dasypyga alternosquamella.............. 920 pseudagyrtes, new spec- DAS UPUS': (coher ete CRUSE Rae aeL ee ae. ee 463 REN ee ones 420, 421,451,460 | MACULAE vr on = Senne tice encase 453, 457 quadridentatus ........- 452 | Davenport, Charles B., Report on the ROUOR aati ltatv emacs 451, 459 Fresh-Water Bryozoa of the United BLDITICaNS Be cecene--2- 451, 458 States: 3-4 toh Salad coe cee eee es 211 DAD here eo nae Ce ems 449 | Decterias, new genus.............-.--- 93, 154, 174 ULISHIS: ssc es Sethe ae ss one 451,457 | DUsilluT 22. - 5. see yee ee 154, 174 ty pHlUSs i pscemece a aeee se 451,458 | Deilephila gallii............. Sate eee 791 UINGIN Bian cee see eas ore ADINAO LH MD CUINT aetna ee sees ee eee ee ee 905 UNiGentatus: 2. ..5-..2.= 6 467 Dehrensaria. 5-2: << ssc s8 ee deoeee 904 Ctenopsyllus ......... 871, 377, 423, 426, 428, 431, 452 var. cervinicolor ... 904 pL Se eae e see eee s= 427, 452, 459 ervibe maria: stk. sn csscecsees 905 bid enitatus* = -S--esces.csen- 452 var. pacificaria 905 PTACUIG eto He sacs eceice's 2 452, 460 Taledtaniacss..20).0 eee 905 hesperomys, new species -.. 427, TOLLUPINGSAMIAA: 2-2 eee ees 905 428, 452, 459 TORLOU ANIA cre sorte eee ee ees 905 MEXICANS eos. = eee eee 327, 430, 452 PUMOSE cohen oe nd oe OE ee 904 musculis ee oe, 871, 427, 452, 458, 459 TIGA Moe ee Ae ae een ee oe 905 MECLINICEDSieeee. noe eee 453, 458 BULVeramal a. ae ee ee 904 quadridentatus......... 871, 552, 453 quadiranin : sa... ena eeeeomees 904 SIDINICUSpace tees nee Genie ces 453, 462 RECUIaSCiE< 322 o7 =e eee aeeS 905 MULV AI CUS ates eese tee coace 453 VALIOlAM AS so. Sates See eee 905 SNECtA US soscece see = oe 46348) ||| Delphinidse.> seecces sGace hc ee eee oe oe 227 taschen bere. 22.2 <= 2 -rincecee 493 Done WD eCNOTOCNITURES 1-2 Sesenceas- see eoee sae 145 ETENOSTOMB ee cesei-cteore sicteiste sciscee cies seeee 215 Chiloreus!2- 42 s-4-ee eee 946 Guculligiobscurior. =...) --455- 62sec -2-22-5 S7 ih | Dendrocoxvis: pseas-esee ec Sees eee 349 NOSUETE pe ase ae ence cca 871 HuUMeraliges; -smseee sean 349, 351 SU ET CG ee eeteere aie sesiaecte we nivic= cisiao==iei 14 Amticicolas- seca42 asso eae 351 CMpPIG OAC PIONUS joensen ine'n= aoe Sa nares 787 ENWUICOSUS 2 sea eae eee 349 Cyaniris ladon, var. nigrescens ....-.-.-- TS SDENGALOL ON Skee aoe es ee eee 6,14 Or eU UN Ae oe (tecia case scttiis ecient se 1S |\PDentallidsays $2 sor: we once ane teres me 732 Oy SUN Uae aleteiciete's cc nc are'c cc cisions 2 650 se CIN altn NS Bs rei aces reread 782, 733 Caminita ses hoe eee ie aces nee 25% | MeprESssanidy. sseke sole ae ee eee 763, 764, 7 CLIC LLMs ore clei acia (ays wclatecnsnn a 30 alienella, new species. ....... 765, 934 (Gy anid oesem selec is soci asi e tb cele cle wninle 8 390 alstroemeriana .......-..-.-.. 765 Gyan ato DH OLAS sen. es 2 = = - = ene ona 907 applana- <2 2. eee cee eee 766 PIACINTAS sees aes telm ces 907 ATSUIGCER coseads se eee sens 763, 934 POLUMMCATIA <= mace te t-~ == 907 canella, new species......... 764 ATAU AL ee Se ace cate cle == = 907 Ciliella= sir eet sees eee ees 763, 764 latiferrugata.-...--+--5.-.. 906, 907 clemensella.i< 22555. s-se~c< 766 matilda, new species ....-- 907 emernitelliine esse ccoewece 765 FOUSUULAIIE pes wtetsre a sialss oo ee 906 fusScoOGhTell A =o seek woee ee 759 Bulbs DSTIBy se. .sss- 566515 905 iamathiaxin.oc.i. ecoesuecss 763, 934 Cymodocea acuta, new species ....---.--- 38 NUD Were ese sae ee 764 IRENE T Saleen «lela ae/as = == 39 pallidella, new species ...... 765, 934 Gyn OU Ode mek ae cnc ete < Suns eeeisie's rai alas 19,31 rosaciliella, new species. . 763, 764, 9384 AIMULCNAIS He eee Oe toe ee acess 23 senecionellay i. sascneaan 765 PROMO eee se eee! - sade 661 | umpraticostella.. <5. ....... 763 PR ween 1s, SS EI, 676 | Dereocoris cerachates.... ......--...---- 358 Ges Peli yiian see eee elo 676 | Derbya ...-.----.--++++2+0++200eees ese eee 734 te Re ee en 671,676 | Dermatophilus penetrans .........----.-- = , trigonocephala.........--..--- 46 | Deropeltis.......- S04 fal a fee ‘ er A ; CADSDBIS: «5 anne. 913 Mpicarided ~..-.-.---....-: 3,4, 43, 50, 58, 83, 671, 677 DIGIUM MBGR cobb. cekac eee ts 913 American <-----.--........... 54 pectinarin a1 -..4 2 Bee 912 North American...--.-.-....- 58 sitenarig..°:c:.ndea soe oenaee 468 Herise: o.0 S22 eee oes eee eee ease 462) (Gallusidomesticusz sss. ess eee eee 443, 457 VAS UW ATO MN GH aaa aaa etal 462 | Gasterosteus volitans.......2-----2.--.:-- 142 Heltia cen cipennssa—5 ss ese sees ae = eee 832 “Gelechiaess 22). Rese aeo ees = esac eee ecee 759 Meri TS ese. sae ts cree eee eenaetons 830 aDACtEl alee aeeeh a eee 935 JACHIIMERA NS Se seco eeee eer eee eee 830 anarsiella' het see a -eceaece oes 760 SUbesOthicdae eee eae aee ee eee 830 Dellelae sk Oe eee 755 LPI C OSS eis cee ee eee ee 830 ceanothiella, new species .....-- 760, 936 WAN COUVeCLEUSISS == ee ene eee 831, 832 Cyari el lasers re ae ere 760 VOUT TL See eet eee 832 AUINSTVOTell dese eee eee eee eee 755 eras yasmin eine toe cee ee ee 461 fuscoochrellamss-seeeee ee eee 759 Ferns, Two New, of the Genus Polypo- gallsxesolidaginis=: 2:2 s-e--e sess 757 dium, from Jamaica, by William R. liturosella. cose .ccate teste eee 759 Ma ON a. cee ae cere Ee eee eee 741 mandella, new species ....-.-..-- 759, 935 Mieraster umibratilis: ss... ss----ee esse ee 946 medionuscellay.s2.-cesss22-eeeee 759 Mierasteride a! 2-. cb eke eae = see aeeee ees 946 monella, new species .....-.-..-- 759, 935 Fishes, Berycoid, The Osteology of some, Sniveopulyellaimers--ereee eases 761 by Edwin Chapin Starks. .....-- 601 pUdIbundellaees-seeeesee eee 756 Japanese, of the Family of Agon- ribesellla s2sa-tira-Siaace eee eee 759 ide, a Review of, by David Starr ToOsasuitusella; 2.-.e 5-42-2252 === 755 Jordan and Edwin Chapin TOSCOSUMMUSEL Ae e ee ae ers seree 755 Starksr.52--eesecicce cose iencaees 575 rubensellass-e2 ek eee eee 756 of Japan, Scorpeenoid, A Review Tubidellasetsss-. 2 asec sake eee 756 of the, by David Starr Jordan trialibamacuileliaes:sseeseesso=- 760 and Edwin Chapin Starks ....-- 91 trimacullella a... je setae ee 762 Notes on Collections of, from Oahu Varellar tse ese eee see ee 759 Island and Laysan Island, Ha- Gelechiidte sce. eke eee een ee eee 755, 934 waii, with Descriptions of Four Genus of Japanese Sculpins, Schmidtina, New Species, by David Starr by Dayid Starr Jordan and Edwin Cha- Jordan and John Otterbein pies tar ke'Gee eee ose eee Gece 961 Snyders is3-cecsue-c sa deeeese eee 939" "Geomeinidsesaces- oes cere = -e reer eae 888, 906 Plabellifera <2 22 45:-2)<5- sae B88 eA Gs D2 655) O72) GEORG ee eat a eterale lela eter ratae 458 Fleas, or Siphonaptera, American, A Re- Geomys bursarius ..........-- 417, 421, 424, 443, 458 vision of, together with a complete List Giglantione = ss-.= sees eee eee 15,17 and Bibliography of the Group, by Carl Girty, George H., New Molluscan Genera RP, Baker: Mscsecks sogssaee se eee eee ss 365 from the Carboniferous ...........--.-- 721 PIS COL a <2 Jeno s fe eee eer AGM Gisullcay ikea) Saas ee ee ey ee eee ee ee 277 Roreinell asta 2222 ss eee ee ana BAO! GRE 2 yy ee eee 458 Foriicula, albipenmisssss-scee -eeeeeeeaee 540) | sGilisinited wl aiveer seascape eee eee 459 gigantea, var. japonica........- Bal. Gath Sel ote alates era erate itt 808, 884 jJaponical). 5322 22- 2as-eee=eoes =e 540 allbofascia\ sao seeer eee ee 884 pedestrishaces see ceee ehasean aes 540 clamd estinals= ceases see 884 MUPATLA sees ee eee hau oe 539 FOTMOBAE Sectors cee ee 884 Forficulids <.5%. ss 2a e ae eee eee 539 lintneri, var. avimacula ...-.--. 885 Forficulids, Old World, or Earwigs, Stud- Var: Gan yin esas sss 885 iesin and Blattids or Cockroaches, by Var. lintneri ss. <2 885 James AcGaRe linens saree eee emcees 539 var. normalis....-..- 885 INDEX. 977 Page. Page. Gluphisia lintneri, var. severa ........... $85! | \Graphiphore curtich..-...2...6ccnscacecs ROS var. slossonii ........-. S85 DUAR ORI see hears as way a 869 TCO A sae ake Ree crt eee $84.1 (Gra pelcGponi- 3c kee taste acdns peck ae 12, 15, 17, 67 GUO a 3st ele Hae as aoc width mal 884. FUL Sms cecc amine lee sooae eta 67,88 septentrionalis............ 808, 884,885 | Greya punctiferella .....................- 775 var. quinqueli- Grison-yittatd.~ <3.. asec sone na eeee B80, 462 MAbs tek 884 | WittAtHe coos. 22. sc ee cen menue 437 MUNIN RL act ee =< acu eee eee ace 884. | Gryllus carolinus..........-.-.--..c.0.s0- 562 PG Ate he eee Coles oe 884 OU EG en cease fe esse eee ee 15, 17, 67 DVPILU GLOGELA een 2 see cele wot cine Soawedwes 762 | TD POLY LAs is oe oa ce eae eee 65 equepulvella -..5..62-..02 763 Gymnapistus 167 septentrionella, new spe- 167 CES aA eee ea tlh es Paes 762,935 | Gymnocanthus........... 234, 290, 294, 298, 301, 334 CUD ET DLEEY Kean Awl a cata: cjarciciwis saree ace s 750 herzensteini, new species. 200, UMP IP THte lass h eer eins ae 750, 932 294, odd Glyphocrangon spinulosa ..........-.---- 74 intermedius .. 290, 292, 204, 295, 334 VR IOOLEH ete ese esc anraicld ficieiee senaeae ccs 13,49 pistilliger......... 290, 291, 292, 334 PRU TLORO LUIS, setts Celene is.s.c.c's Scie cee as 18, 28, 39, 40 VENIUIRSste ee ebh Seca eee 290 AMtATMCOS)osiscse cs es eae sae 28" | Gymmnoleemata. coon Joc ce whee aa eee 215 CNLGMIO Oe ceeerc os scaceeess 661 | Gymnothorax laysanus..................- 942 Reese eres ee ee eae St BE 27, 28 steindachneri ............. 942 CLOMPALRE S Sa secio cies amc is oitesemisie 28 thalassopterus..........--. 942 Gmathiidee = 2s sk. 25. 3-910 15 21) 222 27831 VINOLEIIUUS! Socks ee eee 941 Gnopheslalaripennis’. =... = 686, 691,720 | basilinea, var. cerviana ......... 812 SPASMS se ese ase nee ee a 691 binotate 2 \ setsetewtec esas 810 POU LS 2 ees co ens = 686, 690,719,720 | COPILHtH. >. ee eae ee eeece ee 813 RODLIMUS = san eee ee eee 686, 692, 720 CURVELR: Oye ee Ses eh Be 810 Goniophlebium Pringlei, A New Fern, GOVHstALCLK.7. 22. soccer oeee ee 813 from Mexico, by Wil- CLV CSTR esos ae ee eae ee aoe §11 liam R. Maxon ......-- 953. | dubitangs 4 ees ssae: eee 813 pringlei, new species -.-- 953. | var. cogitata ..........- S13 Gonodontis Guanine. ..2iccccc.-- 2 eieaeee 912 | ducts... sec. 2--- ose see ea = owes 811 farnilleprorill aera ee oc ence he eS. tees 462 | evelitinise gcse see es eee 838 Gorbymymed taliswess ce .cscsceese acces 871 finitima, var. cerviana ........-.. $12, 813 Gree llanig eerste ee ionic cre die ssscee~ ene 770,771 | impulsd..<< ..-s5ene en aeee ees 8 BMea ela tee acai 771 lateritives << 3-02 en 813 MIUVOTE Mays S2< = oss ases niente 771 JONA ss S33-5~ - knee eee ee eee $11 PLONE CUBR yee 5 sss a wctee 770, 771, 937 JON UAL as hac ewenc eae esate 813 var. alnicolella...... 754 THALGA, = once fas sss ceece ete ans 383, 390, 402, 415, 437, 441, 444, 446, 462 Lyonenita speculella.....----.----------- 773 Lyonetia .....---.---------2-+++-e--+-22- 773 apicistrigella .........-.-------- 773 eracilella .....0:..2---.6<-s<=<=- 773 saliciella, mew species -......--- 773, 938 speculella .......----------- 773, 792, 937 Lythrichthys, new genus.....-.------- 93, 140,174 eubales, new species. ...--- 140, 174 Macaria minorata .....-..---------------- 906 minorata, var. incolorata, new Warlety 22.5--+cesce---a==—ess ee 906 | Macrochyrus ...-..-------------+-+++++9- 141 TH GS. Soe eet ces tea wemeew eee 141 Macromiine®.......-------------++-++---+-- 698 Macrostylis ....-.---------++-----+----+> 6,8, 14, 27 Macrotus waterhousii -......------------- 344 Maid of the Willows. ..---------------+--- gy Maine, from the Coast of, Notes on # Killer Whale (Genus Orcinus), by Fred- erick W. True. ...-.-------------+++++++> 227 Malacocoris .....-- Ree ee A ee 360 Malacosoma californica .....-----------+- 887 fragilis .........-------2+--+- 887 pluvialis ......-------+-++++- 887 Mamestra adjuncta. ..-..-.-----+-+++++++*- 852 SITUB. s ieda os cacauweaneesedewes 853, 84 assimilis ........--.--+--0-<++ Soe canadensis .....-------+++++++> S45, 846 cinnabarina ......-------+-++-> Sh circumcincta .....-..----+++++-- 853, 854 COMIS . .ccocncccsescesances . 853, 84, 856 Page. Me NtOGHCl Ae cca ccs sense eos = =H ens nan sens 10, 3 GUIDE neers mee ae a ane emee = 28 TURN Geetesee tetera 29 BONO teeters terete ers 28 Leptoglossus coreulus .......-.----+------- 302 TPC LMA Meta mcentare = eleleclvie min a!~i~ = )- = mien we 5, 8, 16, 28 / [On PIneMmiseass-s-52 se sces an 28 Leptograpsus rugulosus .......----------- 67, 88 Leptomeris inductata .........-...------- 902 quinquelinearia ............- 901 SIG ODS Pisa selene ete stae wine ae 901 Leptophryxus mysidis.........---..--.--- 82 Ihe US ee te So dee sens 382, 385, 390, 421, 439, 458 RI Seee eee secs e ee eniiee sn 389 ALLE UI NUS See terre se oe (ec eros alee oe nia 458 PACT LN ELS ete reteyeetae ite tnsel—t wii ale 439, 450, 458 foridanus mallurus®-.---<..-..---- 389, 445 PAGS err mecerieie meres c -iom == 389, 436, 458 ARTES UL SULLS eres ctetai sate =e ins mien 389 CL GIS PULOSUIS fe see etelae anise == =r 390 RUTH P eekeemieia ee ieisloye ale = lace cian !sie)s «=/= I~ 389 Ruby ail CUNSe seam mice cs clel-\se viei= = 439, 450, 445 | HUMMUS ee ae aaa oes cic iccin ei ~ni= 458 GOIN see ere er se arn eaisieialee wise eae emia 712 IMEUCOP MEY eee e cai aiminisime oetiainaini wsn'-l= >= 768 MLCTIAUALCH Wee - rene seein cla < 767 MOUCOPLELa ceo oc see = ais wen = === 774 pachystimella, new species... 774,938 iLesats: DEO On | -soceenbee ep aepopEedoococses 793 pe limamOrensisgieasce soe -cc sans - =e 686, 706 SS LeU ede eraiselarainle atmieteizieie =i /=1— 686, 705, 719 Tibellulid gen.? sp.?.-.-.-.----------- 686, 704, 719 Fi) GWT seers ere ates = in iainto n= aco wisi aseinrsni~ = 699 GU Or see ete ee ee elalc ots m= wininnie | May benus? sak sees meso se ee eee eee 508 Liguiday: a= eee Se eee 843 | Mealy-Winged Flies, or the Aleyrodids, of LOLA: 56:32 ee hose see eee eee 858 California, with References to other 1B eCIN ass Se ees o eee ee 853, 854 American Species, by Florence E. Bemis. 471 IMEPATENA) sess Soos emacs eesoel 8ba%85455) Mebaxru saicc dcdgese cece ass aseeeess saaeaees 92 mutilatae=..e Sa aaee se Gocene eae 85385) Mec alocotiust:sss-csseeeeesseeee 234, 282, 328, 334 NeOlETICAK vas ote ee Se eee 842 latiCGps assis. secretes 282 MeVAG. Joo Bee Soke wae ee ens 845, 848 platycephalus.../......2--. 282, 3384 ObnIgTaAN sence n Set eae 8535854, S55) |) Mepapsyilllacces: ca. oscse asses seseene 376, 434, 463 ODSCUIOT Se=ee eee eee eee eee 854 STOSSLVEDLLIS a. =. eee eee 376, 434, 457 Olivaceslse 4-2. eenereee 8535854; 855*856) || /eMierapsyllide eee sae- aeoeeee ee eee ear 373, 434 Var aligns eee ae S540" SMierzascopsssscce:-te- creep acces oe omeeeEeee 177, 421 Var iGOmMisy ss eeeee ae 853 DSTO een eee etek tee ees 421, 440, 457 Var. Gina s-taeses see 854 | Meinertia gaudichaudii.................- 53 Varapetibaeeccenc sme 853, 854 gilberti, new species ....-..-.-- 53 var, rectilinea _.....-- 853 trigonocephalajes-..-2-—s=-eee= 46 OLePONIGa- sem eeee eee oe $00) SMielalopharapiGallis Seeeees eee eee 883 Pensilis’s 2s 2 ease re Mae eee aeRO OO" BUCCI 4 sass te eee 883 petitasss: 2 se. - eee eee 878 Mammalia: .2 2552450 sscee sec use eee 457 pallescenss: sss ac% waseeisacees 877 Mancasellus' 5. soe Jc2eeccnacerise cere ce 8), Merolonchedupini <2. .-2-s-se-e es sceee 808 Manihot palmate racce sess ee ee ee cece 494 SPINES See ee eases 808 Mantids American or Soothsayers, Studies Merops ruficapillus. 2. 2-22 sc a-== 5-1 738 in} by-James AUG. Rehm). se eee eee 561 Superciliosus) s-eecee esses eee 738 Mantings* 2a rcrcat. cmcise atae!- lem eiee Sere 561 donaldsoni, new Mantis antillarum) 2s s=ssece se eee eeree 565 SuUbSpeGies/s--5---5 737, 738 CONGINNG/ 2s. saseee ae eee nes 561 superciliosus ....-.-. 737 GiMiGisite seca ate ce eee se 564 Walllamtis: Sissce ns eesesece eee 738 GOMMNFENSISS see see ae ee eee 564 | Meroptera pravella..-.- eee cee eee eenee 921 fusciiolia’ss2sascct ence eee es 570)-|) Merulanmerdlars- oss. S25 sesen es caemeeeee 443, 457 Timipate es State eras eters 564 | Mesoleuca albolineata..........:.-..---<- 898 THOM DICOISSs- pecs eee oe eee 561 Cxesiatae ois0s. sete eis eee 896 TOLALOTIA, +. Sastee cess ete seeeeae ae 571 ethelai..s3s.2 2. ess aateaete noes 897 SiMUSbA - 5.2 sets sce esee eo 570 flammiferay. =5..22<: cess eese= 897 subfolista o>. .u ss 4 see eee ee 573 eraitulla tase ae cere eee eee ~ 896 toltecar ds. oc ce cece see es len = 564 hersiliate: sou. S:,.ssseiussesscce 897 tmcolor eee 25 22-2 See ence aes 561 lacustratar.2---25-ccccasaeeesel 896 Marasmalus imieitascssesscses cesses eee 876 muficiiatanee chee seme eee 896 Marousinconspicuustsscensceo=seeeeecces 352 simulata, var. otisi, new va- Marmara 25.4 Sacceesce on Ssemase cee cee 772 piety ete sae eee ee 898 arbutiella, new species........- 769, 772 UNE Tay oss o5-3 eee ae 897 Salictellacstereccnectemece tects 773 VAS@IISTE oeacice cece aneemeaisemte 898 IMMER OLAS se a cscacx etic acess cwcesey Ue 6 Mesothemis collocata ...................- 706 Metachinus Opossum. -.s 2. 222...5.-62 423, 450, 457 Metanema textrinaria...................- 913 Meteorite, The Persimmon Creek, by Wirt SSS Ure eee sn Sete e Soe oT ke 955 Metoponorthus pruinosus ..........--.--- 28 MICTOPOSAIRUN acta. cacScen cel eceeise cena 193, 195 caenOstGuss. . 22-5262 5-7 194 fraasi, new species ........ 194 Metrocampa pregrandaria............... 912 Mexico, A New Fern, Goniophlebium Pringlei, from, by William R. Maxon.. 953 Mest LOL Mlien “eer ors «ssc victs bee Se sae 215 lino hee 6 SSeS Oo eee eee eee 711, 712 pallida, new species ........ 686, 710 Microcanthus strigatus... 2... 2... ce. 944 Microdonophis fowleri ................--- 940 eR SRS Oro ES So ee 22,54 A OOROMISONS C6 55525500 5 Ja seeouS Bossa seer < 22,54 HUSCUS Petes oe ae sbiceencoe Use 89 BYEIGTO UNS ea seme omnes clot Som alos eae s's eas 441, 458 SUNMPMEOLUSS scsees sass ssc - eases s 458, 468 UU SUSerreeranieena ot ke ews e 449, 458 CARO TMAICHS sess sate oc eee ctos 440,458 | PECOMOUMIS: se ecja-c- Sees. cscs c= 453, 458 Miller, Gerrit S. Jr., Notes on the Bats Collected by William Palmer in Cuba. - 337 MUI OI Berio cone ss ci-= Jo ccaceeew'n cs come 93 MATIOR SSAC OPER: pete weet Jocca xis csccsens 142 INI OUN Seiten Se Sec clon aiio ure « 98, 150, 154, 155, 174 PGMS eee sence Soe 151, 152, 153, 154, 174 echigonius, new species ..-... 151, 153, 174 monodachylus: :.-.2.2.-...-.- 151, 152, 153 USUI ee ce ese. ce. ben cae 154 WOOLKE er ceccsc cs. ssssncccescoses 150, 151 MAGMA hS pellucidy.-- 5... <2 -s.ssncncess 566 RASS Coes cic eseet os sce 5 561 RVI GEN WN ers ee ns lawn Sa Smici sme Se 567 MMCAIAVENUDIS= 2-2 je.0-sie << 437 Myotis capacinii. ........---------+++-++-+- 455, 460 GTLIRTUG wn eetecen wesw c | baracentropozon snc ase- eee eeeeee sees 94, 167,175 Gis anieseue oe veo a eee 461 | longispinis ............- 167, 169 Oxycarenus scabrosus, new species. ..---- 393 | TUbripiMMisieeeeee eeees 167,175 Oxylebius 2225222 -sca2ess) eae se eee 232) ||; ANAS ONUS.)jae~ sees nieces ceesece anes 591 Oxyptilus/nimgoris) 5-2-2222.) -esss- == ee 923 ACIPENSEMUUSE -eeee eee eee 591 tenwidactyluses-.-455-eereee= 923 | SiUITLOIdese eee eee eee 594 Pachnobiasalicaruimes~.sse— ss as55 eee 820): Patagrotist ccs: eee cosa eee eae eee 830, 833 PachiyCorides ’.csasos nee se ates eee ene anaae 349 | al bi penniste !. yo. ceess ae ee eee 837 Pachystima aiyrsimiteses nse 774, 938 altiCO lai we E Bee eee eee 836 Pacific Ocean, A New Genus and Two No eilimtis Se ee ees er ae 836 New Species of Crustaceans of the Fam- | brochae.satss 5 wee eee eee 834 ily Albuneida from the; with Remarks Gampestrign/2.ieciia ase saneeeeee 837 on the Probable Use of the Antennule COlBTSss Seater) She eee 837 in Albunea and Lepidopa, by James E. | COM pPressipenniss=-s225-eeeeee 834 Benedict (eros tse eee eee ae 621 | decolokes see eens chee 837 Pagurapseudesnas-ss acoso aee eee ae ae 11,16 | divergensies-c 5. seco gece epeses 838 Pagurusioneicanpuss eeeeeee eae 59 | fiMaS (Si 25 Asse ees ee ee 834 OChOtensiss. -4 52-92) ce eee eee 78 Navidens: #4.2- 35s ceeee ee eee 830 Palseeyee) DOLE lisse sss eee ee 23 | fOCINTISHE se 5 See eee 834, 835 HUVAMls ose axsce ee eee eae ee 23 | dria bliss. ssev sad sacaceeeeee 834 Palleemon disp sess assesses 23 | MUA eet as Saas ose e ee aaaeeee i 836 Serriferss sos s4. co nee ol | LUSCIP EVAL. seeeaee econo eee 835 Palemonetes eof sectcssnssoe ees see 66 | SALA Les Mos hae ee ee 837 @xilipes. wo. set ccceeesct ones 71 Ld anOCNSIS FE ease eee eee 837 Vile MIS eee ee ee eee 66 | in Calli als 33 een yee 836 Pallasinays pace sees s ere eee 576, 588, 599 LOY aioe set soc dase ce ace eee 834 barbatas sy s-csee kee emer 588, 599 | Iutelenta ses 5 eae eens $36 Palmer, William, Notes on the Bats Col- | MAalMNES' S55 55 Foc. see se a eee 834 lected by, in Cuba, by Gerrit S. Miller, | MCSsOrlaA Ss = eee eb ieee ee 836 US a a ae eee Cee eee ee 337 neotelis ..... 2 Shot aioe ee 836 Palos, Isopoda collected in Japan in the old ON Ns BAe Bogadns Ssecouass 837 year 1881 by the U. S. Fish Commission ochropaster)-- tae-see eee see 837 Steamer, and in the year 1900 by the Sra Stee eee eee 837 W.. SiSiwAd batross-pe cece ase eee 32 VAT vUUETIS same eeie= 837 Palthisanpulalistesces eect eeeeee see ree 881 pastoralis’ 4)... eschee see eee 834 Paltothemis lineatipes ............... 686, 699, 719 perexcellenseees = ee 835 Paludicella yo 2 scjenee c= seas steep OI I DOM pindar 2-52 8s eotec ee seer 838 ehrenberpiicesss sass eee 212, 213, 215 | plagigeraics.ocseese oo cere 838 CLGCtaaz ein eee el Se een ee 215 | PUNCHPEEra sca. ne eee eee eee 834 Paludicelladsst cite see ee eee ete 215 | quinguelinea ase. esses. eee 836 Pamiphil a paillesmonteresse eae eee oes 788 MeCN CU seas 837 Panchloringey..ssceas test eet eee aoe 597 | TIGiMe Sian aa> tes nace ee eee 835 Pandalopsisidispatias- asec ose ease eneece 55, 65 TUDeIACIAISl=- 2 a eesee eee eee 836 and als: - 7s 2 Umea eae eis cene 54 TErkenuSs ec eee seeceee eee 836 ORG aise cee eee ae eeeeeee 59, 58, 65 termitoriahissssscssecceeseeeee 836 léptOCerus as. sassic case oas eee 55, 58 tessellaitals see seas neeeenane 836 montagnile pessoa oes ee 55, 58, 65 trifasciaitan: coast scoqss eee 835 Panesthia, ese a nee eee eee 559 VUlping 22. sm -eceeeeeeres 836 cetrifera, new species ......... 5595)|)Paramunnal 20h shade yaecleee eee ee as 7 ferrupinipess soase- = snes eae 559 | Paramusonia, new name....-............ 567 JAVANICH = 22 eines wat oe meee 559 | CUDENSIS|E Seat Saeco 567 Pamest hina wes Fah ees eee 6594" Paranauphoetas. Sasha reas oe eee ee eee 558 Panitalar ss. sgaea oes eee ee eee 712 CIFCUMOGAbaase-eeeeee eee 558 HY VESCENSae aeemaeeee Eee 687, 698, 712, 719 ly rate. <2 sicede ces see aoe 559 Panthea gigantea .........--:.- RE oe eciaee 808: | Paranthurav.: 55-2 ss5ssceeoc eeececeseeeee 7,14 POTWAN Gia: sess esses ea 808 | Parapenseon, new genus ............. Bae 15, 17,43 Raonmiasexceecatus joo. que. = oe see oe st 791 consolidata, new species .... 43 MVODS eae erence eee ee 79E |; Parapenseus dalleie i s-=o-= ceca ceeeereae 44 Fapilio;eunymed ons eeee- sesenn eens 782 | Paraphia subatomaria.............------- 909 SAU CUSE AA ace pete Ee oe 782). |-Parapseudess.osccatscc 5232 -he see maceeee 11,16 TULULUS SS. e en eat een eee eee 782)"'|) Parareeiges csc. scene acos cc seer eee tenes 18, 15, 64 ZOMCAONs sees Soe aa Bees eo eee 782 OLNALA Se ae ses see se eee Secs 64 Papilionids:. fase cecne cee eee meee 7825] PaTasCOrpena, is.co2cssoscee eee eee eee 131 Paraecanthops tis: scseecen-aeeeenoer seers 571 DiLCba Settee eee eens 131 CRIEDSs Sas etna eens 571 | Parastagmatoptera unipunctata........-- 571 spimulosateeeeeanneeee eee 571) > Paratanaiss. 32... acs cece sareeiciasteie sent 8 Se ee ee ee ee a INDEX. 987 Page. Page. RABE VENT ODS ewes vt ct cece ea vosesccce eens bo | Petrophora munitata..................... 900 EM MLASENINUIS see to acess antes Oe cite a'ecrale ade 195 MOMNGLE Nee eet avy Ue veces 900 PAI COUCH mam nee one S/o setre cece ck wa loceaes 13 | Phalangistes fusiformis .................. 587 SHI SIASS IL Coe rtm chact 58 wins ates tie clase Coie 782 WANONIGHE Ss. Best che tiic nase A78 Parnassius smintheus ...................- 782 leeylontue aa eS 588 POSSCRIGOMICSUICUIS)S c/o. scseccocceccecss 457 | JONIGRUUR: Fg You ens seen tos 584 miaxchiomessarum ......2...-.-...- 946") Phaloana tadiatella...25...---.2-. cece. s: 751 Pave Werte cetera (ate oefeials laine chs’ cae orcas teks 726, 727 Phalonia Gentscliiarin -2..7 20, cr wean 932 PEGI Perce nen Mieco seca me aae cee 212, 219 | Cubans 3. sree saree 931 ARS MITCH ee ss Sees. - 212,219 | Phengommatwa edwardsiata............. 908 PPS COULINT CL ces ert Maes ass sciences clea acetic (pan ioth |e Meosia, QinCIath ss. +-...-l6o0ceus atone cee 883 PEMBee MINI den es ie oce wea mrin es nicoacincc~ oe 214 DOMMANGIOS eo coe de ene 883 IRE PC GLCUS oe ticra/siccicie os /sicelc ec ecnie wade mies =e 264,265 | Philedia punctomacularia ............... 909 ACtalO Siac see saocicscsa occ. oe 264.) Philetairuscabanist (22222 2...-.. 2.5. -<- 683 NS AZ MICA eee nis so nec Ge saieacne 265 Cabamish then oeo8 683 Pelecanoides urinatrix..............-.- - 437,457 enchorus, new sub- GOT ere a tieete cia cea aisle nels s12/ee svceg wee eee 158 BPeCled Ac. ce vec. 683 BNITAWMULA GUI ee sas sc cis. ace soe cs 160°} Philophorus amoenus.=--.- 2-2-2 /.-..-2..-- 360 HAIR COLORUMEssem er ase ce- cscs oe ce Loss| Se blyctesnisterrueanlis So s.5 covet ee eee e 916 FAM OMLCUM ess cclssecincbacecesce occu 159 ILVRALI cee ere abc. canes 917 TIE TIMMMeetias Soe s scis cies ae euveroc oe - 159 prorundalis., =... s9--e ae 916 eelanincomecmetemscasc ina dese nsec oes 93 terrenliss s3.sose22- cee veneeee 916 RETOUR SUC Wem ome = cissicic se esnin's,ceesiece Coats 26 ROT OUUIS es 2 ith 5 oe ee eee 916 bur REE oo Aa St cooncssonce 89 tillialis, new species ......... 916 RSE VON ERs ae le a isicie\cfaic/oo eco coe estou coud BnObetOr cee sect eaee nce tee cee see aeae 290 IPEMHAS PME W, LENUSE . 2 sscc.ccclc sec cceices ces 47 EMICURDIG.. o5-)-cpore ween aces teeeEe 290 hayi Mew Species -.-.-----.<---- if | QUE ALOLCI GR 26 to Senn teen aed ea ase 3,14 MELGHICIDENOSHe seca os esse sector ec secceces 136a |e RPestOLCOIGGD) tet ae anes eet ee eee ae 23 dorso-monopterygio, capite caver- PHregtolcolesic. ea. woes ea anes one 6 MLOSOMeRREERer Sacer otis ces Sheek Sedans 142 | PIACHIS AS; se nee eee 23 IBETCIGIN eee sees -ncec eine S aS 76" | ehreatoicOpsiss. ssscces- cee tessa nee ewes 16 PPGTCT enna cic einiecinleie.o bie oid sieieln ewes 576, 577, 599 CODTICO Ons nc ee saree 23 JOPOMILC Mees ae cies cicse <2 am - 321 | Phytocoris eximius...........-..--------- 356 a Glisten. Se octane 907 |) Piens vitldis:<..- 2s.-.<.s0s|| Bodailbrus; m2 5 sent nS eee as eee te 318 Bary ecb ns eee see eee er eee 5, 26 CentropomuUs ee. s= 2 eee 318, 319 Platycalymma madagascarensis......---- 566 COttoides; 2-2! serace ase ee oeee 31] Platyn otal Sena aeesee ssa eee eee 931." "POGISIS ooree cece eee ne aero ee eee ee 349 Platyperigesanothas ees eee nese eee 809 bractentustes sesseetecs eee ees 350 PIA Cutay oo sss seecess 809 | CYO CAIUS he eee ener eter ee 350 VAT EAM ATS eee te ee 796 | CYqCUse ss eet eee a en eee sue ee 349, 350 Platyptery sid ears. ce coeees seen ee nee $88: ||) POGOtHECUS a4 aeeaee renee 576, 590, 591, 597, 599 Platyptilia carduidactyla.-...........--.-- 923 ACCIPILER. A= soe sce ane ea O92, 094599 cosmodactylar sas. -reaseas eee 922 ACIPCHSEMINUS pees aeee ee eeee ae 591, 596 Lesseradactylameesss sacs eseee 923 Sil bert aaacet oases 592, 595, 596, 599 Plecowus aurittis==--bepeeeeee ee eee ee 455, 456, 461 hamiliniies-sse- see secs 592, 595, 599 Pleromabonusculaeee-ees-= sees] eeeeee 870 PELISteLhUS)-q-camen seen ees 591 Obliquatamesss sees eaeeeeerros 870 BiUTIOId esi ee ee pace eee eee 992, 594, 599 Plesionika;semillceva Seeman csceteae ae eeese 55, 59 Chompsonie ses se essceenmes 592, 596, 599 Plewrocry pts a2 see sssee ne eect eee see 13, 15,17 tokubine fess. stssse ese ee cece 592, 599 Pleurogoniim 32) so. eee eee eee eee 6,7,8 ViCLEDMUS semen emer sacar 592, 596, 599 Pleuronectid ete seseess sense eee 946) |) Poecilocapsusilineatus'-22-.-.--22-cossse 397 Pleurophorella, new genus....-..-..-- (285730) 701 4 SPolemilis sae. se cceeeeneeee eee ee eee 146 Pilberties tees eee ace 731 alatus) Ss teecceccses me tecemeeeaae 146 papillosa, new species . . 728;. | PoliaxepiGhysisiescse)-co-sosee ee nese oe S14 729, 730, 731, 732,735 | pulverulenta esse -aca ashe eee 814 Plevrophoruss2. sere sees eo eee ee 728, 729, 731 SAMS oe hein Soe cise wars stesso cease 814 angullatuses-saceese tee eere 731 theodorie. sce ls e2,.7 <2 esemmeecten ae 814 Occidentaliseeessseceaeeseee 731 | Polihierax semitorquatus ................ 739 LLOPIGOPDHOLUS = eee ees eee 731 homopterus, Plumatella: 9 S5u-Clo eee gators wae 212, 216 new subspe- areChusay-.ekis Joes es tice 217 ClESzoce sce eee 738, 739 var. a repens -...... 217 semitorquatus . 738, 739 corallioides/;2ssse=-seeee eee 217 || Polygonia COMMA =~. 2 -cenec =e =n 784 @iffusalesee cee eees sce ass 217 TAURUS! sec cscs snjcjences ce ceeices 784 Gumortieniassseeesecescaeere 217 MATSVAS See e Leen eee ees 784 Clem ans 5s eee tes cee ee 217 SabyEUs ce. .oo-c2 Sescckwoseecicn= 784 emaTreinatasssceces cen «aoe ee 217 ZED MV TUS: 28 limabipennellae-seessesesee eee 752) SP OLOCOtHUS nese eeee eae eees 234, 283, 285, 288, 334 MA CWI P CHAS. ames a 752, 753, 933 QuUaCTITII See eeeseeeeeee eee 285 Set a Hs at i Dati iae nlalaia il et ies ett t te iae e a tte INDEX. 989 Page. Page. Porocottus tentaculatus......- Sak ie aren 286,334 | Pseudoclinus...................+...--<-- 308, 309 PES UO WN ote ea Se Eee ioe eal Pelee ee 833 | Pseudohazis shastaensis.................. 792 CHLGMIUE oso ae te = aoc eee 853°) Pseudonmoptervx 2252s. -65.55.0c.s. co. 566 murenula ....-.....-....... 533 bogotensis............. 566 thanatologia, new species .. 833 INEDSCHIA un es", 141, 142 OU ALO GODUUR resin cla.als.siaras sie sis s cisials\a ='¢ cca = 2038 | PACU OM OD ING ena sant. se een dean ee 43 DUNCHUIAtIS = ones cece. = ZO4S | PE RCUCODLGNUS so. 525052 smct-ne siete oacio ss 2'050 OU |Pteropborus ame ustus) oo... o~ersesencenee 923 Pseudarmadillo carinulatus.........-..-.. 6 IDLUGCEL:. Sancho ees cocoa 924 PROT OION Gis wa nae fete cnn ae ae sine, ajaclesie aes" 15, 17, 26 nelianthi. 2 eV ecoe eats = 924 MATING eee seis pacisten sea cases 54 Pteropodus ARES ia alt wisi cps aS Ree eee 112, 124 DOMC ee ces seeknaere ooo Sccne 23 maliger-of. 2: Sat peo eeee eS 112 GRenIMebe aaa = son atone eens Da) || WELCKOPUGEUS: soe one aes ac an ele ae sete sims lil curtata, new species.........--. 80 TAQUAG fox ae ceo at ane eee ens 141 EUCUV AANA = eretee = elsinie . eee ee eee ee 442,468 | longicaudusteen eee eee 468 fO iS eae eee en a eae 438 | My Alise eee ee ee 451, 453, 462, 468 galling {see ee eee 442, 443 Sibitica:235-<)s2ccquerece ees 445, 453, 462 PIS aAS 2S es eet eee eee 450 MISON) sess see eee 408, 445, 448, 462 Pilletieie AE ee eee eee 448 | VUPATI Ge seen eee ee eee ee 451, 453 Slaeialise ie cae eeee ee esses 436, 458 By cnoescelus! sh. se se tae eee See 557 glebiceps sce: eke e -pr aen eae a 438 | ODSCUMIS ses arenes a eee 557 Foniocephalis 22-3 =e. qaese] see 439 | SUDINGMENSIS) sone ee ees 558 STOSSIVENLTISeeeee ote eee as 376, 434 | PyTralidsenc. ee ae ene 916 NEOxXaCtenUss cose se ee eee 468) |= Pv ralistelectalisiseeracm 2 saa sane ees 918 HiTSuUbUS! Scout eee ee cae 443 farinalisi ce. ch Sse sy eee sees 918 hirundinisse esse te ose eee 443 | Pyrausta melealisy ten esns shee ees 917 HOMINIS: A2oseee ee eee 436 | Dorealiss-2 25.6 eee eee 917 Howard 2 3.255 e ees see ee 448 RUM OLETHN See ae eee 917 Hy sees ee ee eee 436, 462 | LUN EDTIS sto ee ee ne ees 917 TPNOCUSHes ae eee) ae ee ease 416, 443 | IN CONGUNTENLS Sareea eee aes 917 TM CeQuIaligt 5 ty tae Foeoee ere eee eee 439, 458 DLCalisues ae) a Saal eas 917 Var simnpl exc. eeaaae 439 | OCHOSALIS Eee sees once eee 917 IPTIGATIS So = ae onan ee aes 366, 368, 369, 370, | unifascigliss-¢-.5-0- ee eee 917 371, 378, 379, 380, 381, 384, 436, 457, 462, 463 Byrola rotungdHoliste=--sesseee seas 514 Vel Ue eSi ae eee ee 4352 |© Pyrrhisexprimens) seer ees eee aaeeeee 871 jaculans sos sse anes eee 4367455 |p QUET CUS arate teeta etet eae ee 516 Ke@niscse aoe eae ee ce et eee 444 agrifolia..... 471, 474, 496, 498, 504, 507, 510 kerpwelensise- a pee see ee eee 437, 457 aquatica seas. .o-ose nee aes 496 lamellifere 32/3 Se -teete eee 437 | chnysolepisixndac.cn oc mer acer 474, 498 VemmnUs/ Meee ec yee seco noee 437, 458 | densifora .... 474, 496, 498, 507, 510, 519, 525 leporissesce <2 2 eee ee eee eee 4397458) |) Rain-coatROckhShs--.--.. seo. ees ee eee 142 lONnSispiInUss=as! seses ears 416, 437,441,460: | Rapbig. 2. 2 2ezc ces en, eset aes 808 lutzii, new species..... 378, 380, 437, 462,468 | cindercligitees ss oeeee ae ee 809 lynx, new species ......... 378, 383, 437, 462 | Coloradensisiasee scene eee 809 madagascariemsis:-.2--s5+---~.5-5- 437, 460 | Prater ease hats mes eem eee ete 808 TGS eee cts ee anne eee OS 444 | pallies 225.221 Se ee pee 809 metallescenss-tsa-sa eee eee eee ae 444 | Raphigaster dimidiatus .................-. 351 minimus cutem penetrans .......- 335) | puRVeGsE O1SOMs HS hierar eee ese eee 160 minutissimus nigricans .....-..... A395) PR eGaROCk HIS here. eecee ce ce eee eens 100 IMOHLAMUS occ te eee ee aee eens 445, | SREGuylidee, ce sas - case ce ce oea een ee seer ee 364 MUI tISpINOSUS = see eee nn. 2 ee eee 13 ty phiuse ss eae wecease eee co aaeeee 451 | Review, A, of the Cottide or Sculpins TEST See ee te oe eee eee 468 Found in the Waters of Japan, by Da- VagabUnG assess. cesses. aes eeceerens 468 vid Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Vespertilionisec2asccecsceeeraeenass 468 Starks:.o. oss so eee ae eee 231 ’ « f ; a ve ae ee ee INDEX. 291 : Page. Page. Review of the Japanese Fishes of the | Rocinela affinis, new species ............. 29, 33 Family of Agonide, by David Starr GIBRKONAIR scot... casa ast 659 Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks. ...-- 575 angustata, new species......... 33 Review of the Scorpzenoid Fishes of Japan, SUSAR ere eee sma we ant xosee 29 A, by Dayid Starr Jordan and Edwin bellicepastien seesaw as woe 659 MAU OCU soc wre occ e,s ion elok nn ates ek ol | deshayenlana ss: 03.5.2 < 250-5. s ase wenn 29, 34, 35 and Bibliography of the Group, by Carl orientalis. corer. ene oe 675, 676 PEE 0 ea eal eae 365. | EY PHIODS soe te. Sse ee ee 6 AMIN IS Ca EOLMNICH oa =< cemccsclsa sna ms a7 4-A8ONR ARGU HIRNER ho. 22 en oa. a ee 95 491 D070) Oy 020, 020,080 ||. ROCK POO) GODY....22.0.-s2cceseceuebenee 309 (On Ghat) ae eee ee A TAGS SO 001 Dede MRORUDU 455 occas. cen pela aeck nee nee eceeeee 136 Rheopresbe, new genus .......-...... PSANVOO 5855 6 RORICO Ec a =e ba eee eo, tok ee 95 fujiyame, new species.. 269, 270,333 pinnisers so. eee ee 95 Rheumaptera concordata ..........------ 895,896 | Rousettus egyptiacus .................... 445, 461 PCOLRN Se aac Sasans seis sees 806) sRupuseueellolins:..2-.=>-.-s-seeee se saeee 516 MaStaba, os oe ac.- eeioa- oes a s- sa eimne 6514552'5] Samia: eloveriise:- oc... = <> mec oe eae ae 791 Rhinolophus hipposideros. ....-.-. 455, 456, 457,461 | MU DEAE sea ons Cea ae oe 791 MUMIZASTO LG eee ccc - cs ccise Sonlsedscia sete ac 880) || Sarcopsyilas..<-<-5-useses--—5 370, 373, 374, 375, 433 RC OMLIS) tape eecine we sie = o 830, 834 gallinaces.” 22 6. enc dnee ewes 374, 434 Rhombus pantherinus ........-....-.---- 946 PIOSSVELLMN nee oreoere anaes 434 FUBTISIGLVCLSLIODA 2 (2 10 noone oor =es wens 474, 496 penetrans.... 367-374, 433-461, 462-463 Rhynchagrotis anchocelioides ..-..-.---. Shiai | SaxCOPSYIGse s-28 eens on ene nen. =e 373, 433 gilvipennis.......-. eee 817 | Sarritor..........-------------+---+++- 576,597, 599 INECLEP ANS S Yaen eens ssa seein 818 | frenatus).-- ics. 3 o.cseeee cue n ome ss 597, 599 MIMS see ele see nee 817, 818 leptorhynchus =: -.22--5055 aeees 906 CLasSiSplniss 22.5 osc ee aes ee cee 124 ITTOTA LAS Se ee eee ee 906 | dactyloptenus22— 25-2 ae 128 NepPtatas <2 see aes-ss- = ose 906 elepanss.U-5 fo. cashes aoe 118 Nubicwlatar sassee-s- eee 906 SIANCUSHE sane hoe oe eee ae eae 97 punctolinearia .:--.:-.2--=: 906 | hhilgendoriis : ose. ass eeeee =a 128 Scinridte 2 5-seiese ne once eee eee 459 IMpPEriglis: = 2c. eae eee ae 128 Sciuropterus russicus.-.......----.---- 440, 447, 459 INETLMIS 2h ss 5 So eee eee 105, 110 VOlANS Ene eee 403, 448, 459 | jOyNeN So See sete nee 105 Sciurus'abertiy-:-=sseteeas eo ee eae 445,459 | Macrochir. 3522542 ess ss eee 94 Carolinensisic:= 7 ==s2sse2=- ose 448, 459 | Mats barwe ss. sos. se assose eee 106 fremont =. 22h. 2 eee seeceee 441, 444, 460 | NIVOSUSH eee. case eee eee reece 114 NUGSONICUS=. 22]. eee ee 408, 448, 460 oblongus 2. -20s tte ae eee 116 VUle aris! oe feces cece eee 446, 460 pachycephaluss see ae eee 117 Sclerocrangon procax ..--.=..-------+---- 64 | schlepelit Saas fe. sees 110 Scolioptenys.tbatrixesse9--ee e eae 872 SIMCNSIS/aaeeea a eee ae 124 Scoparia centuriellaz >= S222 eee eee 918 thivitiatus=) 0 oo ees eee 114 fermaldahise.co- 2 e cco ee eee eee 918 VeNUMCOSUS* Sec sene ener eeeee 103, 104 nominatellary Sassen ae 918 Vulpes-s -o 2 2ic aut seen pees 113 rectilines:- +6222 5-4o3-ben == east 918 Sebastichthys= 2--2s22---- 92, 112, 120, 123, 127,173 tricoloralis. ..--- Seon eee : 918 | aleulianuss eee ee ae eee 107 Seorp2ena2 See -ce esse == 92,124,127, 131,136,174 | elepansi==< 2-558. 7235282 113, 118, 173 ClTNGOSR ons. Stee et eee ee 136 | mMmaglipern ahr ee se ees TIS fimibrinta sce se hee eae 131, 188,174 | MUtSUKUTi oe sae 112,116,173 izensis, new species......-- 131, 134, 174 MeDUIOSUS Sc. eee eee eee 114 Uso onbay, Baas ap oeeeeeoencdssccscec 136 MipTOCINCHISss-— 5+ = 222s 112 Mules esos Fate oes wae 142 | NIVOSUSE -- soo see- See 112, 114,173 MIOSLOMIB. s-s5-2 sees eee 131, 133, 174 ODLON EUS eee eee M26 ATS monodsactyla- ==e..-sssse~=s5-—= 151 | pachycephalus -.-. 113, 117,120,173 meplectan. ssacesessee acess 133 TUDTIVINGUS = o-eese eens eee 130 ONATIA So. -isece eee 131, 133, 134, 135, 174 trivittaiMsice se aeeeeeee 112,114,173 DOLCUS = sess aoe nee eoeae ace 131 | vexillaris sc 25. fhasse eee 115 SConpsenichi bys asecees =e seas eae 136 WUIPES sso aae se eee ee 112, 113,173 CITTHOSUS S242 Senso sec 136%)" Sébastine sos 25 eset ose oe oe eee osen eee 92 Scorpsenides S220 o5 sccesises ese seo eeses 946 | Sebastiscus, new genus...-....---- 92, 124, 128, 174 Sconpsninse esses ae ee oe eee See ee 91,92 | alborasciahuse os -osseeeeeese 126,174 Scorpsenodes!se..ee eaasce seer eeeee ste aa 136 marmoratus ..-.. 124, 126, 127, 142,174 diahbolus7n.=ssesce= eos ee ae 136 | Sebastodes......-------- 92, 95, 112, 122, 124, 140, 173 Scorpenoid Fishes of Japan, A Review of aleutianus-sssee see eee 106, 108 the, by David Starr Jordon and Edwin | alutus; 332225500 ee eee eee 108 Chapin Starks: fs.2 22-2 see ee ee 91 | ALPOVITCNS = 2 20sec cease aces 112 Scorpenopsis).2e22 sea ae ete eee etos 92, 136, 174 echrysomelas iq. 2.22 seaee eee 118 ChLOCa an esse aeaeeee 946 CiHiatUs;- Ss. 355-2 eee eee 99 CIFTHOSUS=4=-2-heeeneere 136, 138, 174 elerans 2.25.5 A bese eeeeeee 118 kagoshimana ......---- 136, 137, 174 entomelas' 2592") -n oe eee 100 Scorpoena dactyloptera.......-........... 128 flammeus, new species. 97, 108, 173,175 SCTOld= 2 2 a eee 131 Haviduss<. 9en eect cee 104 Scotogramma densass: sano) see ene 861 fURCESCENS eee ss eee 97, 103, 110, 173 INCONCGIMNA=-- ---a-eee ee oe 862 Plan Cuse sa teee eens 96, 97, 101, 173 TD TUS CAE 861 giintheri, new species. ..--- 96, 102, 173 perplexa --.-..-...--.--..- 861 hakodatisoe cee eee 110, 112 Sedilis -..------.---++-++-+- 861 hopkinsgi2 S23! 355- 2 Patt eee 110 , uniformis..-.-..----------- Soe inermis...........- 96, 102, 103, 105, 173 Ecorse NS CS ge oe a iracundus,new species. 97, 107, 109, 173 NOGEU Besse eee eee 443 as Bias Seniping eee Pe ee 961 itinus, new species ......--- 96, 99, we Sculpins, Japanese, Genus Schmidtina, by DO ae acl 97, 105, 173 David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin matsubare ...----------+-- 97, 106, 173 StAriese noe hc tien eaten ome 961 AN GSE ee eee 116 Seulpins or Cottide Found in the Waters | mystinus -...-----+----++++-+- 99 of Japan, A Review of, by David Starr nigromaculatus .......---.--- 110 Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks...... 231 MIUVOSUS 2 see scan Tae es 114 INDEX. 993 Page. Paga Sebastodes oblongus ..................... 116 | Snyder, John Otterbein and David Starr OVGIIE Ss LenS steele Rees de 101 Jordan, On the Species of White Chim DAU GISPINES = 5255 ee eee kee 95 cera STOMA PAN eee cs ccebdun kh onsocscxd 22 PLOM Pee seek. ea een a oes LOG) | PSNGeringics.. 5. eee eee: wae a ter’. 93, 164,175 penlereliite: voeun enn aeecoe sae s 110, 112 SUN CHET tees sae eee ets ot aoe 165, 166 SCY UUNODUS a 5a vamocciseas = 97, 109, 173 yamenokart.. oo. cesses 164, 165,175 steindachneri ............. G6; 100.1 73e (SOL: oo. oo. A ee eee ee eee aes 92 taczanowskii....... 96, 98, 101, 112,178 | Solanum douglassii......................- 474, 532 tokionis, new species. ...-. 96,104,173 | Somali Land, Description of Two New ORUCTUTROUS ch tain sconce ek kee 114 Birds from, by Harry ©. Oberholser... .. 737 VemcueiCOsuse cesses ekene eke 103 Sonchus oleraceus.................... 471, 474, 532 UTI PES eee eaten secs aoc ce ees 113 | Soothsayersor American Mantids, Studies BEDESIOLOUUSS se. sees = wecasee dose cc ak 92,94,173 | in, by James A. G. Rehn ............... 561 MACTOCMIN seeecc ss sae rece a Stoel mOrex: QIPLOUS 2a. .h5. onc sana eos eee atone 4160 MENEStOMLUSH Ses eackasecencsceccseass ones 112 ATAMCUS es ae nae ee nan owe 449, 454, 460, 468 TOSACOUS Hi Paani ee eee 112 | VUlearigge). 23 448, 449, 452, 454 Sebastopolus dactylopterus ............-- 1OSMl Re Bonicidsa: be seas ae a eee ee 460 MEDESLOSOMMUISMSs = tee cekeys cosa «csc acincte e 95, 96,112 | South American Epicaridea.............. 83 MIOGIANOPS:: So s52-sscces02 os 90-) | MEpalacidse-Ssscs.= ese eae Pome aoe 458 MENIGOSEIM eer ene ee ome ce se ticecic ce eee cece SOM) SS pala tess. o-oo. Pee eee ee ee yee ee 451, 458 UATE ec oee ene aoe IOC WSpantoniy3t 5, cose ers week ok eee teens ai 509 var.emasculatum, bidensS.25-Let sees ses 569 new variety .... 910 PLCOTOIS foes sane eens tenes 569 Semioscopis steinkellneriana Breas = caces (47 |e SparUs TUSCESCCDS..2-2>.0s asses aero aera 110, 112 RETO se eee sae eee ee 3, 4,5, 6,9, 11, 13,15, 24,27 | Species, A New, of Argulus, with a more Eris nee meneame Ce ee a Same s ces geec 28 | Complete Account of Two Spe- SUNTEI Ce eee eee eterna sateen 6 cies already described, by MIUPARCHCH aes tons ce ccbee eee ceew chee 9 Charles Branch Wilson......-. 627 MORNE Rer te ee tc Semen occas sect se 26 New, with Descriptions of, Tin- Seniildsspmene see ss seeree cnet cee ec neeae 733 eid Moths from British Colum- MIGLEAINIGEO Semis win sioaciscicc sce scccecssteces 942 bia, by August Busck.......... 745 DESIMLLPUIMOMONSs. 55 cece ews cciecesaceceee O15 sss perImophiIseerte = oa ee eon eae eae 450, 451 ESL eee ets Se ce Sete oe 915 Putiabusics<.. = eee eee 2 447 ELAR TOUISR os Sac sie wices occicscere st sissies 821 MACTOULUB) 2. s26.. sen mes 435 CONPTUBIS- fen ee scccaencars sets 821 IMUSICUS = oe ce sno see ene 447 plamifrons| 22226. 525.6 sce sas 821 IS INeCae ete need ee 440 METEITLS © oy taae.ctain isiece ore a eames So1F | SSPNEeLOMI Ae oo ee ee oe ack aes tones coe eee 5, 24 WICHLIS sees Sec oe Sees seinen 821 destructor 2225 .=- 4st -s52==9 24,25 SULMLCHESE een ae sense tke ewes. 92, 138, 140, 174 CUES... .2e-e cone cee eee we 24, 28 mIIDESCENS St Sone ee Saas scecee cece 138, 174 TOSSAYUM S'S 52st wuss eeeeeee 24 PUM LET Ae soe eee secs eee ne 138 : OLECSONEDAINs: =. -waceeecees ass 659 SMT SOlie ates cs nea sceccewes = aaccee cass 114 pentodon, new species .....-- 659 BMINORKHSAL Occ mare soa ccs ence ast cio osc= as 138 retrolevis, new species ......- 47 ROMAIN VCULATIA Sew eine seciccnweana cs ces 911 rugicauda Sone ree nee ce Cres 24 Ro ee oe ee Her cee eects cae sea 745 ATEHOLUGL tt chee oceans ate a 660 COMMUN GMO See hee ocean es cee thas 748 thermophila soe. cecsscceseen 24,28 SiTphasOuusecee ss snes occ dn- oe -~ ae oaisen 587 WHRURTORS = ot ceeccce ee cece tees 25 IDEM DARUS See neee ero mca ons 588 | Spheromide ...... 3,5, 9,13, 14, 24, 28, 30, 38, 47, 659 segaliensis ................... 587,588 Spheeromides............--..--.------+--- 6,24 SIDNOMA PICEA seaen se seee-sanm ano - ec “=== 372 TRV MON Na Sees cee 13, 24, 26 American, or Fleas, A Re- Sphenotus..........-------+-.++------+--- 731 vision of, together with a Sphingids.....-.--..-5.-+esesesssse-nnnns 788 Complete List and Bibli- Sphinx vancouverensis ......------------ 791 ography of the Group, by Sphodromantis bimaculata............--. 571 Oarlvn Baker--.------=-- 365 DIOGUIRGA.. x ewan cane aees 571 Sitomys KeCMie se 5--2- <= == ----- === == 444 | Sphyrapus..........-------++-+--+e0+ 5, 9, 11, 27, 28 SHETIN UNIS AStATLO |: .-oo 5 owiccec sae ccen ee 791 MGlLLEOWUS oceeanceaeerseeeaees 28 CELUI etee Ceeeesi cr ae ceanes 791 | Spirontocaris .........---.----++--++++-+9- BS ophthalmicus Sea eee 791 | APCUALG 2 -<.2a-0b—suneuaees 55, f 58, 65 Snyder and Jordan, Isopoda collected in bispinosa Lan aaa uae abel ee 2 65 Sepa Dive seeeee eae ee ~- sae eee ee 24. | ‘Stephanocircusss----s-sees2 25 377, 430, 431, 458, 463 Squillaientomoneren-as25-e2 eee eas-ee Jets 661 Gasyuril osc sieeene eee 453, 457 Stagmatoptera =< eeecnie 2 889 | Thomomys talpoides .......---------- 416, 443, 458 bifasciata, new species..... 891. | ‘Thor floridanus..........--..: Whale (Genus Orcinus) from the Coast | UrobonoFis row apeciescaes ip VIN Gaara nae nasa seas scence naews 227 7 a ‘ Urocaris longicaudata ........--..+--+.-0- 73 DUO. — ga7 | Urocyon cinereoargenteus.....-..-+0-++0 438 Two New Cymoethoids from the West Uropodias ........--2----- + ese eeeeeeeerees 9 Coast of Central America............--. Bl) |” Uropsulll cs enn<-n00 ee concn scensnyanseshens 197 998 INDEX. Page. Page. Wrepsilaauricularis\=sose-6- oe aee eee 199: \0 Walshin: 352. ccacesseaneae neater e cee eee 767 SOlstitighisysssscn eee ease enn Ss 197 amorphellay.coos.ee see ee eee 767 Ursidie: a8 eisa ene ee eee 4613)" Washing tonia ud as. <2.) a2 ee 474 Ursus Aretos!22s0c ses 5222 see ee ee eee 438,461 | Weaver-Bird, African, description of a horribilig-sie so 25 Sessa 468 new, by Harry C. Oberholser. .......... 683 Valvifera..... Yas Sad oe Ee 3,539) 47-661— | White" Rock Nish 2o-o- ee seeee eee eee 138 Vanessasatalanta; 3. 22.22 s-m2 ae see ee 185>7| SWillow:GODY; ances saeen cee eecec eee eee 309 Car Gal .55 oso esse eee 780. |, Willow=Maiden-2 sssecscesecs cee eee eee 100 CARVE Sas ise asec ose yee ee 785 | Wilson, Charles Branch, a New Species hunterases 252542555500 o eee 785 | of Argulus, with a more Complete Ac- Waites: ick oe hid conse se ee ee eee 573 | count of Two Species already described . 627 anhectens2:.. 2.2.55. ccneee ee easee 573 Wrens of the genus Troglodytes, Review CnemidOtusisa-css5245-e0> eee eee 573 of the, by Harry C. Oberholser ......... 197 PALMS so-so s eee eee ee ee bis? | Xanthia flavago=s2255— 3. s-sseco-ec=2 oases 871 TOlLEG Ri: Bes evs ad. eek see te oe 573), | Kantho: sf. s222 2522 Seeks Soe sa eee 38 townsendi, new species ..........-. 973 | Xestopsylla, new genus ::::2......... 3738, 374, 434 Vatinee 2552 tosis te Ree ee eee eee 571 gallinacea .. 375, 434, 457, 461, 462, 463 Vellitor, new genus <2... 2. 2-2...2--<< 235; 318 )3e0. > Mylina, capax: se. ssssces eas eee eee 870 centropomus: ::--==-.---2--: 318, 319, 335 | fap nas 2 42 sae SOC ee ee 870 Venusia- Cam bricas-2o-26 sos eee eee 893 | OFELORENSISs= os ces- Sete ee eee 870 duodecemlineata...............- 893: | 2cylomiges dolosasss n-ne: eee 861 Vermilin.: ..cssciecessedees2-scecee eee 26 niemalis2cei sh: s2s22 ais eee eece 861 Vermipsylla 9.2.5 -spc ne ae ees 376, 434, 463 perlubens222 25 4scc esse sae 861 alactrise ce ope ee ace 376, 434, 461 PUDFICS ose esa eee eee 861 Vermipsyllidee Sates ne eee 373, 376, 434 SiMpPlexXe=5.= 5 oa: ence eee eee 861 Vespertilio capacinil (o-onen ss seen ea sete Adp |) XVStrO beens se o= oe war isecem sg eee eee 907 Giliatusy nee eee ee ee 456 | hepaticunia~.c4 6s ose se ee 901 CUDENSIS oh ae eae ees 337; 838"|; Yama-no-Kami.- 222 52.552. s.5> 225 -= eee 142, 165 TUSCUSS Bae sae eee eee dat | VaNaGi Haze eee eee eee eee ee 309 cubensis: s2c2ss2s5eo5 = 337. | Yanagi-no-mais: 2c. 3.262. -s<2ese 3 ese 99, 100 Lepidus 3s. ae=2- eeone et soncees 340,341 | Yponomeutide: =-2----5.-2 225-22) -e 745, 754, 932 miragorensis!\ =. --sseeeass ase Sot) | YipSOLOp NUS Ss sceneries sale eee ee 759 MMUPINS = ese seats 454,455, 456,461 | Zaédyus minutus, ...............-.... 376, 434, 457 MYySLACINUS e/a poe 456 | Zanclognatha ochreipennis -....-.--....- 881 nattereri:oojosesdaestwiee cece ee 456.) Zaniolepis'= 222 - eae anceeanes os coer 232 MilssOnil. Jace sacs. ees cee ee 456,461 | Zebrasoma flavescens .....-.---..-.-..--- 944 SCrotinus’ 4.5 3- eee 455, 456, 461 Weliferumisn 2% <2 5255-05. eee 944 Vesperugo discolor...........-....... 494) 455-456 | © Zellenia ss 5- Se os. tes aeons == ae ee eee 758, 754 fUSCUS|CUDENSISE = 5.55 eee 337 celastrusellay-e.2c/a-ns ene ues 754 Nathnsiis. cece cee eee 457 gracilariella, new species........ 758, 933 MilRSONT ass ee eres 456 ribesella, new species............ 754> noctulai-2s2e-52- Sees ee ee 454, 456 ribesiella, oss. soesc-52-Se5asee 933 pipistrellus’:. Se: 23-72 soce 495°456 st Zelus luriGus: ee se sce esa ane eae 364 SCTOUWNUS S252 nceasete eee 456 (| Zenobiana 2-25 o> oo eae eae oe eee eee 13 Vesperusicubanus)-- 2022222 seecee eee Sasi ZEStiCClUSE 22 oer oem mm etece ia ae 232, 234, 288, 334 Viburnum nog uniss23 Peep pao ee eee 496 bathy bius-. ioc. sece ease eee 288, 334 Victorella payida -2cne-c4 5+ oe oe eee 212 profundorumi) 222-526) ee ee 288 Wiverridee sic tele seeteeee eee eee 462 | Zonophryxus, new genus..-..-...... 13, 15, 17, 677 Volitans 226 222). ee ee eee 142 retrodens, new species .... 677,678 Vulpes: si coioe. sos Sees saeaeeeeeemenae 436 | Zophodia packardella.........-..-.---.-- 921 Vulpesi).5...éccene ance coe eeneeee 438 | Zosteropoda hirtipes...... eee ane 866 O | 4 cm, > ole P56 , a ie 7— - ba - ‘ an y - ; > . oe: eta 8 a . : 2 ; a > = . - ¢ ? ae ip hes i? "i 7 9p - ee > t t% - -_ ® 7 A hy 7 - a! i : ’ 4 : be ie i mk ‘ ‘ . o - 4 se =~ z, j , é € - “> riew>. wa. gas SS ae ees Oe , = @ 6 ii a ‘. 48 , e Fe “es ~7hn > a >" a 1, Tn