oa ov Fs : : \ 14 § i ’ -_ ri afi = a“ . £ - = , ee 4 : - fi > ‘ ow = { 7 bs ow. . ’ ; ; = ¥ : fen F A . ir : ; ‘s ' ae ie Jad v 2, i) is , ows ey _ 9 ; j ‘ , am | ne : ¥ i" ‘im 1 r : 1 ‘ a A 7 i baie 1 - * , . 7” a i i, , 5 Ny a 7 Se ag ; a 7 ~ ; } 1 16 ‘ \ : oa fi » ee x , F ry) : , = rs r { r ' 1 : H sae i “ ‘ i fj ye i ; a - q : i r ¥ J + t = . : t ; : i ari : z 7 “ oo : ! : : - n 7 . | ‘at i * i ; + s = rt a “ ; : i ' : i ) Le a 7 d , ; 7 f } : ) = a : A ; & = - ; A , ut a 7 fl : i : | i : ' . ; { : : i ; r 5 7 i my - - - an 4 ; : - = F i : - Re a at ; i, , - : Sw Be at ‘ - : ; ’ ‘ : a ‘ z A nO] - cn 7 ‘ ; : ; ; 7 i Ys : ; § ’ : 7 ~—- H : > i _ = i) = . i : i ve § Y i : oe 7 7 - 7 aS re \ ; rs 7 J i » 7 - B : - ; ' 4 ' 7 i . i ty 4 - ‘ ‘ ae I : ; fr t aan sive aan ays AIL ” oo”) Division of Fishes, U. $, Nationa! Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOTUME® XX EX HWE-INCRe a epeg et <0 eee: Alroro,. Page. consobrina, D. fragilis, D. pulverea, D. germana, Odontosia (2) viri- difusca, Anita norella, A. syrta, A. galibensis, A. lassa, Navarcostes limnatis, Pamcoloma marita, P. refervens, NKaseria pallida, Ginaldia davidsoni, Hemiceras indigna, HH. undilinea, H. jejuna, IT. satelles, H. beata, H. gortynoides, H. crassa, H. commentica, H. longipennis, H. flava, H. maronita, H. stupida, H. cayennensis, H. flavescens, H. laurentina, H. manora, H. metallescens, H. conspirata, H. micans, H. nebulosa, H. nigriplaga, H. muscosa, H. poulsoni, Hapigia repandens, H. gaudens, H. annulata, H. aymara, Chliara novicia, Anta omana, Rosema magniplaga, R. nadina, R. pallidicosta, R. falcata, R. marona, Apatelodes pandarioides, Olceclostera moresca, O. anna, O. lepida, O. oriunda, O. (?) ostenta, O. umbritinea, Taim- phana precipua, Colla gaudialis, C. albescens, ©. umbrata, Claphe naraxa, C. roxana, C. salandria, C. melea, CL herberti, C. tresca, C. albiplaga, C. parepa, C. semita, C. vithersi, C. petrovna, CL varma, ©. directilinea, C. rundala, C. obliterata, C. vecina, C. namora, C. nigro- punctata, C. teresina, CL. sulga, C. mya, C. durtea, C. tamila, ©. napala, C. genesa, C. narceta, C. viridiflava, C. albigrisea, C. folia, C. horrifer, C. lapana, C. pastica, C. daltha, C. laurena, C. farina, C. talma, C. tornipuncta, C. morens, C. giulia, C. medioclara, ©. onesca, CL putrida, C. temblora, C. renesca, CL imeonspicua, C. sura, C. gera, C. lemoulti, C. bipuncta, C. lola, C. ocruma, C. mita, C. tremula, C. daleeroides, C. palma, Metanastria lemoulti, Titya nigri- puncta, Tolype jamaicensis, T. septemlinea, T. multilinea, T. colum- biana, T. aroana, T. taruda, T. nigra, T. angustipennis, T. lemoult, T. nebulosa, T. poggia, T. gelima, T. cinella, Cicinnus submarecata, C. joanna, C. fogia, C. malca, C. gilia, C.balea, CL marona, ©. eugenia, C. maloba, C. vitreata, C. unalea, C. partha, C. enthona, C. caudina, C. althea, C. fatella, C. anoca, C. esperans, C. lantona, C. lucara, C. lola, C. rosea, C. valva, C. narga, C. lemoulti, C. fraterna, C. cunona, Lacosoma otalla, Paracraga innocens, Minacraga disconitens, Minonoa perbella, Acragopsis flavetta Acraga infusa, A. angulifera, Epipinconia umbrifera, Brachycodilla perfusa, Carama imparilis, C. flammicornis, Trosia pulchella, T. mirabilis, T. igni- cornis, T. incostata, T. purens, Edebessa circwmcincta, FE. langu- ciata, FE. inegalopyge, Mesocia lorna, M. terminata, Cyclara brun- neipennis, C. obscura, C. amarga, Gois nigrescens, Podalia major, P. multicollis, P. thanatos, P. hyalina, Hemipecten ecparilis, H. acutipennis, H. cossuloides, H. niveogrisea, H. rotundopuncta, H. marmorata, Prionoxystus duplex, Philanglaus sobrana, Ravigia basiplaga, Givira triplex, Hypopta imguromorpha, H. crassiplaga, H. triarctata, Cossula magna, Thanatopsyche thoracica, Oiketicus specter, Thyridopteryx microptera, Plateceticus inarona. SEALE, ALVIN. See under JoRDAN, Davip Starr -.----..- 517-529 SNYDER, JOHN OTTERBEIN. See under JORDAN, DAVID STARR. 353-357 STEJNEGER, LEONHARD. Bi See ers ee ee 767 RAMOS TURGINTIO 355255 = Sao 5552855 555505 Sssasesues soca eseageseeoe 768 aM Bip OBC OUT = RS tes oe Se SO ee ee By ee ee 768 On DIRE PUGMIORD, = a5 5566505555 S550 5S 585 pee esereassserosnessse Ese 769 EDT OTST TACO TS Ree A Oe Se ees = Oe Seg ea 769 OARS TD LTE EA TITIES Aes a OP ee eee ee ee ese 770 Oncor Quocrs CUMOKGRD ss acséocsose ses 566s 555'Go 5006 5 eSucG ans sooo see sore oe v1 ORION LACTISH OE SULUC ECO = eee ea eels te es Ans se See eee 771 AVRO DOR GIOTE NE GUOD ILE) Se SSS SE OS ae ee ee ee ee a er 712 SUR TSH BAU OTOS Fe See BOE EASES Ee Ee ae ee eee 773 ACHURGIDT CCHS CUMMIOL Scasdcoseskeoceooccees 44 aaeStecr Senan eh auese SeeeeEee= 774 aE RONLU CCT SECOLCULONITLIStms acetate 2 a eters alee i se oe elie eel Sere 774 PAU TAME ACKISHMICOLULUIS = cee ae fe Riera Se en osia., waiawic wom Mowoee = oseees = 775 CIEL CHIU OG OS IT TU NOG ae es = IO A ee a eae eee 779 DPCM RU MLE TESTE LO NG OLG ne eee eam eia.s1ae te tate oe we sess a.e were Sine Serie see oe 776° JE REN LTO TEI RONT GLEN Gh apes 28 OS, NO oe a ie ee 776 Mamet LO CEISUROMULIOL Umea 22 Sacto ele acs, See allo shaies Sain ae a Sais see HOt LE CKO UG ES UREA se aos a8 565 Syd ban Deen OeeE Eno so son Oa Soden soee sos 777 CLOT LOCTUS POCNDC Tate cia re en ee ee lee Saat ee eters Sees 778 Re SIRI Se ee en Sk Soe ea eas Soha te ons Sse eae seeie te AS aes 779 MEOPIOUCTOS GAOT SOE, SARA Petar a a a ee See Oe 780 PRE HOTU LLC TNS TLOCCSEN sees oan (Seen Seine ain Bnei Ses eae Sees Dee bee e 780 ED OM UCTISTS NOULON ISS nae fala Siainieipeie eae Seo ol SoS See SS eotiee se oe 782 NGCTOMNOG ES OER SORE Se See ey a Oe ee ee eh 187 NEVIUS (OLS So eB OCI SECS SENOS SSB CARE EASE aE Se Ano eae 787 BET E LE MLGTESS I OECHILONUIS Siac ee oe cee 2 Ao Mer at lo ose less Sele eeeiee eee tk 788 eter TUA CRU ORIOL ake ead AREA Eee ee Sere eS os cae UY ae a 789 EEE LO TUTTES CURT SE SCS RR ee sea 790 SPDR AUTASR ODD, UU ROUD YY Das COA ae a aces os aR RE AE eC 791 Pope antitngs (GUO, ssc sead somes Boa ae Be Eee CRE eee nee ae 792 [Paoli OCT NOM MHOO = oS pees 5 REE aac Se Oa ae eae 792 PAIGIIVEL OD LCELORLONLCEOL LEC: ee er EN re pore 2 eS ate a ns eet ohh rye ie Sra 793 [EGONGA OU KONGHD os - Gao CESARE Mado SOR OSE a ee See eid toes 801 ESCLUCLO GCI OIGUSESCULC CLOT. Ue ene es een yee ay ane Syyte se ey Veneer he Sy. SBS 804 ALE TTLGTT OSHA OURDIGD GTISREIE Sc el © > ee Pal PA a 805 FE OO TES TILES EN CLLCULLCLLULS = aaa A ee oe ao eee oe eter ee ie 806 ARO UENCE CHIRAC is Sh 4 aos oats Jae oes ee eS eee eee 806 AUREL OG TESS CUO TE Se OO 807 XVI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. . Skeleton of Triceratops prorsus inthe U.S. National Museum. Three-quar- GELS BOM VICW. 20. ccetsteras es Seve See cy ee oe ee on a en Skeleton of Triceratops prorsusin the U.S. National Museum. Three-quar- ters! views 2 = <:ssistsice yes otc ee ere ne re Elarperia, nodosa ROS sj... 2 ee Stee Se eee See eae ee eee iolavoainten Rose and Sil Ouse sees reso oe ee Segmentation of pipelish)eces= => 2 ese. ee cee = a ete rene eee . Hesmentationol pipehish, CF Ss. ss- sues so sce as eee »Sermentation of pipelishieges st. sso sea aoe ee See ee ee Segmentation of pipehishseroses es a jatoetet e cragt ee eee oe re Neomentationol pipelishvegsgs == ss. «meee sos eee eee ee eee . Nepmentationot pipetish eggs: sao sees. = ose a esa yee ee ee . Segmentationco£ pipelish epee: s2~ S22 setae ee Soe ee ee Procyon: sitmus; New, SPCCles 22-2 c=. = os te ee er ee 3. Skinsiof Macaca nemesininan (le) andeMaradiista:(2)\isasse ee ee eee sokinsiol Macaca nemestnunas Is) ancl Ves caistan (2)\ee ee ee . Skulls of Macaca nemestrina (1) and M. adusta ). Skulls of Macaca nemestrina (1 . Skulls cf Macaca nemestrina (1 . Skulls of Macaca nemestrina (1) and M. pagensis (2) ..-....-.......------ 9. Skulls of Macaca nemestrina (1) and M. pagensis (2) .....-..----.-------- ; Skulls of Macaca nemestrina (1); and Ma pagensis (2) 224-2. so ae ee ( )and M. adusta (: ) and M. adusta ( ) Wings of Pantarbes, Erax, Tabanus, Scenopinus, and Rhamphomyia .-..-- - Wings of Musca, Conops, Midas, Nemoura, and Teeniopteryx ....-.-------- Wings of Megaxyela, Odontophyes, and Macroxyela........-..------------ WanestoteVanomny clan enc ela amd aN CUTOtONiG se == ae ern ee pee WanesroteiydatmCenolidamand ean piliiis eter = ee ts eee ee Wings olltycorsias Bacinocerosmande Cop noleta. a= eee ss ere eee a Wainesiotiolyjdos blasticotoman andwsopiiyits nee ae Wings of Emphytus, Eriocampa, and Pseudosiobla _...:.....--.---------- Wings of Dolerus, Stromboceros, and Strongylogaster ..----.--------------- Winesloleeriocampordestan de Bi lotoi 0m eee ee Wines of iycacta, lenthredo, and Macrophiides= see e ase a= ae ae eee Wings of Pachyprotasis, Trichiosoma, and Clavellaria.....--.------------- Wings ot-Hoplocampa, emichnoa, anc. Duieinien = se ee Wings of Mesonewra, Pseudodineura, and Cladus ’=- 2. = =- === eee ee Winesiol Monoctentis eicronus sande ericlistm a= == ee Wings of Rhadinocerwa, Phymatocera, and Blennocampa ...--.----------- Wings of Kaliosysphinga, Fenusa, and Scolionewra..--------:------------- , Wings of Hylotoma, Lachylota, and Gavidarge == aos ee eee Wanes of Diclocenus, Rerreyias and Riernyooplonuses === ee aaa ee S WaMn esol lobocends = A\cond tlecenday cum Cae acm 0 Cy apemnente eet ee ee ee Wings of Xuphyoria,. Paunuris..and Sino. ieee ae eee eee Soe ee Wiime' sol Sine: exerts senenedorenai Geel Tener: sara ee acne aa een Wings of Megalodontestand Jarses =e a ae ae Winescol Macroceplus, CenhiismandaOryssttsie sae =) = ee eee ee ee Facing page. 436 456 442 444 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Sod 564 564 564 564 564 564 564 564 654 654 654 654 604 654 654 604 654 654 654 654 654 654 654 654 654 654 654 654 654 654 654 654 CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA. By CHarLes D. WaALcort, 5 - Curator, Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology. INTRODUCTION. The presence of Cambrian fossils in China was first announced by Baron Richthofen in 1883.4 The material gathered by him was studied by Dr. E. Kayser, to whom the brachiopods were intrusted, and by Doctor Dames, who described the trilobites. Doctor Kayser? described and named the following brachiopods: Orthis linnarssoni Lingulella sp. Tb, sp. Of the above we have identified from the collections of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China Orthis | Plectorthis| linnarssone. Doctor Dames?’ described and named the following trilobites: Agnostus chinensis. Conocephalites quadriceps. Dorypyge richthofeni. Conocephalites subquadratus. Anomocare latilimbatum. Conocephalites typus. Anomocare majus. Liostracus megalurus. Anomocare minus. Liostracus talingensis. Anomocare nanum. ? Liostracus. Anomocare planum. ? Liostracus. Anomocare subcostatum. 2 Pygidia, genus and species undeter- Conocephalites frequens. mined. Of the above we have identified from the collections of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China: Agnostus chinensis. Anomocare latilimbatum. Dorypyge richthofeni. Anomocare minus. Conocephalites [ Ptychoparia] frequens. Ptychoparia (Liostracus) megalurus. bIdem, pp. 34-36. ¢Idem, pp. 3-33. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXIX—No. 1415. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——1 1 bo ae bey re. SS | ~ lon | hs WN & SS ~~ He = ~~ R S Lm ~ S — } oS R 5 — N eS S ka ps NN = i o) & q = = < S) 5 a 4 a ‘al Doctor Dames compared the Cambrian trilobites with those of Kurope, America, and India, and concluded that the trilobitic fauna of Sai-ma-ki and Taling were about the age of the Scandinavian Andrarum limestone and the Potsdam group of North America. He did not find any Chinese species that could be identified with those of Scandinavia and America; but the general appearance of the fauna as a whole was so similar that he said that their equal age may be considered proven. He further states that the age of the rocks containing Dorypyge richthofen’ from Wu-lo-pu is probably the same as that of the Quebec group, basing this upon comparisons with species from Utah, which he referred to the genus Dorypyge.“ The collections made by the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition prove that Dorypyge richthofeni occurs in the central portion of the Chang Hsia formation and is of Middle Cambrian age. Baron Richthofen’s means of comparison were with the fauna referred to the Quebec group, which was at that time supposed to be of Lower Silurian (Ordovician) age. In 1899 M. Bergeron? described the following Cambrian fossils from some shaly limestones collected in the province of Shangtung, China: Agnostus dowvillei. Arthricocephalus chauveawi. Olenoides leblanci. Dicellocephalus ? sinensis. Drepanura premesnili. Calymmene ? sinensis. Of the above we have identified the following from the Ku San shale of the section made by Mr. Blackwelder: Olenoides liblanci. Drepanura premesnili. Calymmene ? [Damesella] sinensis. From the Cambrian formations of Siberia, Dr. F. Sechmidt° described the following fossils: Agnostus czekanowsku. Anomocare pawlowskii: LTiostracus maydeli. This fauna was subsequently reviewed by Edward von Toll,’ who added the following: Confervites primordialis Born. Coscinocyathus corbicula Born. Archexocyathus acutus Born. Poscinocyathus dianthus Born. Archxocyathus aduncus Born. Coscinocyathus calathus Born. Archxocyathus patulus Born. Coscinocyathus campanula Born. Archxocyathus proskurjakowi von Toll. Coscinocyathus vesica Born. Archxocyathus sibiricus von Toll. Coscinocyathus elongatus Born. Archxocyathus ijizkii yon Toll. Coscinocyathus irregularis von Toll. «China, Richthofen, IV, pp. 31-33. ) Bull. de la Société Géol. de France, 3 ser., XX VII, p. 499. ¢ Bull. de ? Acad. Imp. des Sciences de St.-Pétersb., 1886, XII, p. 407. d@ Mém. de I’ Acad. Imp. des Sciences de St.-Pétersb., 8th ser., VIII, No. 10. NO. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 3 Coscinocyathus cf. cancellatus Born. Microdiscus kochi yon Toll. Spirocyathus, species undetermined. Microdiseus, species undetermined. Rhabdocyathus sibiricus yon Toll. Agnostus schmidti yon Toll. Protopharetra, species undetermined. ? Olenellus, species undetermined. Helminthoidichnites sp. Dorypyge slatskowsku Schmidt. Kutorgina cingulata Bill. Ptychoparia czekanowski von Toll. ? Obolella chromatica Bill. Ptychoparia meglitzkyi von Toll. Hyolithes, species undetermined. ? Solenopleura sibirica Schmidt. Microdiscus lenaicus von Toll. Bathyuriscus howelli Walcott. In the autumn of 1903 the Carnegie Institution of Washington sent an expedition to China under the direction of Mr. Bailey Willis, with Mr. Eliot Blackwelder as assistant in stratigraphic geology. One of the objects of the expedition was to obtain data of the Cambrian forma- tions and contained faunas for the purpose of comparison, and cor- relation, if practicable, with the North American sections and faunas. Mr. Willis delegated to Mr. Blackwelder the study of the sections and very largely the collecting of the fossils. It was understood that the collections of Cambrian fossils should be studied by Mr. Walcott and the stratigraphic sections elaborated by Mr. Blackwelder. A considerable quantity of material was collected and received in Washington in the fall of 1904. The preparation of the specimens for labeling was given to Mr. Henry Dickhaut, with instructions to work them up carefully and secure every species possible from the mass of fragments of trilobites, brachiopods, etc., of which nearly all the specimens of rock are composed. The material when thus prepared was labeled with locality and formation numbers and taken in hand by Miss Elvira Wood, who separated the species and selected and indicated specimens for illustration. I first studied the brachiopods in connection with my systematic study of the Cambrian brachiopoda, and published descriptions of 28 species in 1905. Mr. Willis and Mr. Blackwelder informed me that they would like, in July, 1905, a list of all the species in the collections in order to use them in the correlation of the various sections and the discussion of the stratigraphic geology. To meet this request, I made a preliminary study of the fauna, and now publish it in advance of the illustrated report, which will not be ready to go to the printer before the spring of 1906. Many drawings have been prepared, but it will require several months to complete them. In this preliminary study a number of free cheeks and pygidia of trilobites have been passed over, as the time available before I go to the field is not sufficient for the extended examinations and compari- sons needed for a final paper. The large fauna discovered in the reconnaissance made by Messrs. Willis and Blackwelder is an indication of the richness of the Cam- brian faunas of eastern Asia, and of the great results that may be @ Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X X VIII, 1905, pp. 227-337. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. expected when systematic, thorough exploration and collecting is undertaken. The following is a synopsis of the fauna as now known: Name. Genera. Species. | | PTOLOZO Seem eseee Jane eeisra seen 1 1 Poniteran eee secre teen 1 1 Brachiopodai ease se seer eras 13 29 Gastropod asses. scene ose eeeice 4 8 Pteropod awit ees eer ee sce eee 2 8 Cephalopoda .....- Seyetetesstelafertoe 1 1 TMLObDIte xe eaisaae sete 25 118 Ostiacodaeeseaceecceseeeeeoee ile] 6 Totales a. See e eee 48 | 172 ASSOCIATION OF GENERA AND SPECIES. In order that the student may be saved the labor of making lists of the species from the various localities, the following lists are inserted. The species given in each list do not all occur in the same layer of rock, but they are from the same band of layers. The number of layers and their thickness will be given in Mr. Blackwelder’s report on the detailed sections. The stratigraphic range is limited so as to avoid the commingling of faunas from distinct faunal zones. The line between the Middle and Upper Cambrian faunas is placed at the top of the KuSan shale. The fauna of the Ku San shale includes species of Damesella, Dorypyge, and genera that are typical of the Middle Cambrian fauna, while the fauna of the Chao Mi Tien lime- stone, above the Ku San shale, is more nearly related to that of the Upper Cambrian of North America and northwestern Europe. The line of the Lower Cambrian is placed at the top of the Man To formation, as the predominant trilobite, edlichia, is more closely related to Olenellus than to the trilobites of the Middle Cambrian fauna. Brachiopoda: Craniella ?? sp. Obolus matinalis, O. sp. O. (Lingulella) damesi. Syntrophia orientalis, S. orthia. Plectorthis doris, P. kayseri, P. linnarssoni, P. pagoda. Billingsella pumpellyi. Gastropoda: Scenella, species undetermined. Straparollina circe. Upper Cambrian..... Chao Mi Tien formation.... Platyceras clytia, P. pagoda. Stenotheca, species undetermined. Pteropoda: Hyolithes daphnis. Orthotheca cyrene, O., species undetermined Cephalopoda: Cyrtoceras cambria. Trilobita: Agnostus chinensis. Anomocare bergioni, A. bianos. Anomocarella baucis, A. carme. Menocephalus (2) depressus. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. Trilobita—Continued. No. 1415, Upper Cambrian..... Chao Mi Tien formation.... Middle Cambrian ....Ku San formation.........-. OO OO Middle Cambrian....Chang Hsia formation Pagodia bia, P. doton, P. lotos, P. macedo. Pterocephalus busiris. Ptychaspis acamus, P. cacus, P. cadmus, P. cal- chas, P. callisto, P. calyce, P. campe, P. ceto. Pass Ptychoparia (2) batia, P. dryope. P. (Proampyx) burea. Solenopleura belus, S. beroe. Dikelocephalus (2?) baubo, D. (2) brizo. Illxnurus canens, I. ceres, I. dictys. Brachiopoda: Obolus ( Westonia) blackwelderi. Dicellomus parvus. Acrothele minuta. Gastropoda: Straparollina, species undetermined. Trilobita: Agnostus chinensis, A. kusanensis. Redlichia finalis, R. species undetermined. Olenoides (2) cilix. Dorypyge leblanci. Damesella chione, D. sinensis. Drepanura premesnili. Ptychoparia (2) bromus, P. ceus, P. tenes. Shanglungia spinifera. Foraminifera: Globigerina (2?) mantoensis. Porifera: Protospongia chloris. Brachiopoda: Obolus minimus, O. obscurus, O. shensiensis. O. (Lingulella) chinensis, O. (L.) damesi. O. (Lingulepis) eros. O. ( Westonia) blackwelderi. Micrometra labradorica orientalis, M. pannula ophirensis. Dicellomus parvus. Acrothele matthew eryx, A. varus. Acrotreta liani, A. pacifica, A. shangtungensis. Obolella asiatica. Plectorthis linnarssoni. Billingsella pumpellyt (2). Gastropoda: Scenella clotho. Platyceras chronus. Stenotheca (2) clurius, S. rugosa orientalis. Pteropoda: Hyolithes cybele. Orthotheca cyrene dryas, O. daulis, O. delphus, O. doris. rilobita: Agnostus chinensis, A. kusanensis. Microdiscus orientalis. Dorypyge bispinosa, D. richthofeni. Dorypygella alastor, D. aleon, D. typicalis. Damesella bellagranulata D. blackwelderi, D. brevicaudata. Agraulos abaris, A. abrota, A. acalle, A. agenor, A. dirce, A. divi, A. dolon, A. dryads. Anomocare alcinoe, A. biston, A. (2) butes, A. daulis, A. daunus, A. decelus, A. latilimbutum, A. minus, A. tatian, A. temenus. Anomocarella albion, A. (2?) bura, A. chinensis. Arionellus agonius, A. ajax, A. alala, Menocephalus acerius, M. acis, M. admeta, M. adrastia, M. agave, M. belenus, M. species undetermined.- Pterocephalus asiatica. Ptychaspis acamus, P. sp. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. Trilobita—Continued. Ptychoparia frequens, P. tellus, P. tenes, P. ti- tiana, P. theano, P. tolus. P. (Liostracus) megalurus, P. (L.) thraso, P. (L.) toveus, P. (L.) trogus, P. (L.) tutia. P. (Proampy2) sp. Solenopleura abderus, S. acantha, S. acidatlia, S. agno. Crepicephalus damia, C. magnus. Dolichometopus alceste, D. deois, D. derceto, D. dirce. Ostracoda: Bradoria bergeroni, B. enyo, B. eris, B. fragilis, B. stereope, B. woodi. Brachiopoda: Obolella asiatica. Billingsella pumpellyi (2), B. richthofeni. Gastropoda: Stenotheca rugosa chinensis. Lower Cambrian..... Man To formation..:.......- Pteropoda: Hyolithes delia. Trilobita: Redlichia chinensis, R. nobilis. Ptychoparia actis, P. constricta, P. granulosa, P. impar var., P. mantoensis. Pre-Cambrian..-.....- Tai Shan Complex. - Middle Cambrian....Chang Hsia formation. ...--- TABLE SHOWING GEOLOGIC AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAUNA. Horizons. Localities. : S = BON ees ae Sates S a av = a S = 5 jan} wn “4 iso D Cambrian. S bp ‘a = on l= cA meal Ae eae fee te Cis r= esd Meese cit ttt alats) ais ve a Ss) Ay iS) x q S = I By q H bp species undetermined.) species undetermined ~ species undetermined .|...... Olenoides (2) cilix, new species.......--.) Dorypyge bispinosa, new species. ....-- LEbLORC BEN an ermeneeee leceeee richthofent Dames....--|..-... | Dorypygella alastor, new species. ...--- alcon, New species typicalis, new species ....-- Damesella bellagranulata, new SPECIES: 322 25 ~ces cles es blackwelderi, new | brevicaudata, new | SPECIES sa28ene - neces eee chione, new species.. ..---- sinensis Berg Near Chao Mi Tien. Kao Chia Pu, | Ting Hsiang Hsien. | Near Chang Hsia. | Hsin Tai Hsien. 5 ; PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, TABLE SHOWING GEOLOGIC AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAUNA—Cont’d. Horizons. Localities. . I | LY 9) . . SI & a © : aS ae ecmea © aes “ qi : = q Z = = , o Cambrian. a ap q a bo S a Se ae leak itp const) le eee | eae ated | a | gS = & 3 = v its p=) fe| n a m A ‘S) mu S) se} a S a H H | Hy ap < s Seco tenmiecciubatsialten (etcur), 2 ae op My 8) OU Baby 1 i Sa 4 eat tan eet TRILOBITA—continued. Drepanura premesnili Berg ....-- Agraulos abaris, new species .... abrota, new species .... acalle, new species ...-- agenor, new species.... dirce, new species. ...-- divi, new species.....-- dolon, new species...-- dryas, new species....- Anomocare alcinoe, new species. - bergioni, new species bianos, new species. - biston, new species. - - butes, new species ... daulis, new species. . daunus, new species. decelus, new species - - latilimbatwm Dames. . minus Dames........ tatian, new species -. temenus, new species. Anomocarella albion, new species. baucis, new specie bura, new species carme, New species. chinensis, new spe- ClOSMEM ar oe seco Arionellus agonius, new species... ajax, New species ...-- alala, new species... -- Menocephalus acerius, new species acis, new species. - . admeta, New spe- GLOSS == 2 eee adrastia, new spe- CleStetee eae eosce agave, new species. belenus, New spe- ClOSREeeEYs coe cece (2) depressus, new SOONG. cacgasacec species undeter- MINeMe Aese- oe Pagodia bia, new species. . dolon, new species lotos, new species....... macedo, new species ...- Pterocephalus asiatica, new spe- ClS's o 28s. oka ee busiris, New spe- Oe Peas Sonnets Ptychaspis acamus, New species. . cacus, New species....|.. cadmus, new species..}. calchas, new species.. callisto, new species . . calyce, Mew species -.. campe, New species... ceto, new species ....- species undetermined species undetermined species undetermined Ptychoparia aclis, new species... (2?) batia, new spe- CIES Bec inch aasieacees (2) bromus, new spe- GIES! a acces steele cree ceus, NeW species ... constricla, NeW spe- CleS eee ee eens dryope, new species. Aetna sick soit No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 9 TABLE SHOWING GEOLOGIC AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAauNA—Cont?’d. cs a "3 A Horizons. Localities. . a | op a Ss 0) o i=] & =| ox _ CI DB @ Goes x siata(steye x oon Se xX Essec5 x Siete] sist= x » an ee sv x x XS sesso wv essen “~ XXX XXX | Hsin Tai Hsien. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. FORAMINIFERA. Genus GLOBIGERINA @Orbigny. GLOBIGERINA (?) MANTOENSIS, new species. A single specimen of what is probably a species of Foraminifera occurs In a compact gray limestone. It is elongate-oval in shape, convex, and divided longitudinally by a narrow furrow into two lobes, which are marked by more or less irregularly arranged and not very deep depressions at right angles to the central furrow. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, upper portion of Man To shale formation; 3.2 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PORTE RA PROTOSPONGLA, Salter: PROTOSPONGIA CHLORIS, new species. Of this species only the large primary spicule are known. The skeleton is not preserved. The silicious spicules vary in size, but they all appear to be four-rayed. The rays are slender, extending out usu- ally at right angles to each other from the center, but in-some speci- mens one or more of the rays is occasionally slightly diverted from the right angle; they slope slightly downward from the center to their extremities, which gives a low pyramidal form to the spicule; there is no trace of a central, downward-pointing ray on the under side. Each ray has a rounded angle on its upper side; it is slightly angular at the sides and subangular on the lower side. In many examples the narrow rounded ridge of the upper side is exfoliated, leaving a V-shaped groove lengthwise of the ray; the grooves from the four rays unite at the center. As a result of the exfoliation of the upper side of the ray there appear to be three forms of spicules: First, the complete spicule, as above described; second, a very slender spicule with the rays rounded on the upper side and angular on the lower side; and, third, a spicule having a V-shaped groove on the upper side of the rays. The spicules above described resemble in general form those of Pro- tuspongra fenestrata Salter; they differ in the absence of the central ray and the exfoliation of the upper side of the ray. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, central portion of Chang Hsia formation, in compact gray limestone; at Yen Chuang and 2 miles south and 3 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtune, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. Hal BRACHIOPODA. Genus ACROTHELE Linnarsson. ACROTHELE MATTHEWI ERYX, new variety. In form, convexity, and size the ventral valve of the only specimen representing this variety is very similar to the typical forms of Acrothele matthewi. The shell is partially exfoliated, and shows the cast of the boss as a small oval pit about the pedicle opening and two narrow vascular sinuses that extend from a point nearly back of the pit, forward and a little outward, about one-third the length of the valve. The shell is built up of several layers of lamelle thatare smooth and shiny on the interior, except where slightly roughened by slight vas- cular markings and obscure radiating strive; the outer surface is dull and marked by concentric striz and lines of growth and numerous fine, irregular, often anastomosing, elevated lines that give the surface a rough appearance. The valve is nearly circular, with a diameter of 6 mm. If this shell were associated with Acrothele matthew? in the Middle Cambrian rocks of New Brunswick, I should not hesitate to identify it with that species. In the absence of a series of specimens and specimens of the dorsal valve, it is not certain that it is identical with Acrothele matthew. On this account the varietal name is given it. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, central portion of Chang Hsia formation; 3 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus SYNTROPHIA Hall and Clarke. SYNTROPHIA ORTHIA, new species. General form irregularly oval, with the ventral view obtusely angu- lar toward the apex; rounded, biconvex, with a deep mesial sinus at the ventral valve and a strong median fold on the anterior half of the dorsal valve. Surface smooth with the exception of a few concentric ,striz and lines of growth. The ventral valve has a strong median sinus that occupies about one- third of the width of the valve at the anterior margin and projects for- ward to fit into the sinus in the front of the margin of the dorsal valve; the sides of the median sinus are elevated, and with the downward curving lateral slopes forma strong, rounded ridge on each side of the sinus; none of the specimens in the collection show the area, but from the profile of the valve it must have been of moderate height with a rather sharp apex curving over it. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. developed median fold extends out to about the center of the shell, where it becomes elevated and projects forward to the front margin; the remaining portions of the surface are uniformly convex, sloping away from the median fold to the margins of the valve. Nothing is known of the interior of either valve. Observations.—In general form this species resembles Syntrophia primordialis of the St. Croix sandstone of Wisconsin.“ It differs in its more rounded irregularly oval form and the very large median sinus of the ventral valve. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian. Central portion of Chao Mi Tien limestone, Pagoda Hill, 1 mile southwest of Tai An Fu, and at a somewhat dower horizon two-thirds of a mile west of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. GASTROPODA Genus SCENELLA Billings. SCENELLA CLOTHO, new species. Shell small, moderately convex; apex’ elongate, slightly eccentric, elevated; aperture irregularly oval; a narrow carina extends from the apex down to the broader end, and several obscure carinv radiate from the apex toward the margin. Surface marked by fine concentric striz and very fine radiating strie. The type specimen has a length of 4.25 mm.; greatest width 3 mm. ; elevation of apex about 1.5 min. This species is clearly distinguished by the broad, elliptical, or sub- ovate form of its aperture and elongated apex; the latter feature is determined from the interior of the shell, which indicates that the apex was situated somewhat nearer the narrower end of the aperture; this feature suggests that if there were perfect specimens representing the species, it might be found to be more nearly related to some forms of Stenotheca than to Scenella. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, upper portion of Chang Hsia formation, 1 mile east of Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. SCENELLA, species undetermined. This species is represented by a cast of the interior of a small, patelloid shell, with an oval aperture measuring 2 by 3 mm. and a@Proec. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, 1905, p. 292. NO. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 1h having a slightly eccentric elevated apex. It does not appear to be identical with Scenella clotho, of the Chang Hsia formation, as the apex is more eccentric and there is no evidence of any carine. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation; Pagoda Hill, 1 mile west-southwest of Tai An Fu, Shanetung, China. Collected by Elot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus STRAPAROLLINA Billings. STRAPAROLLINA CIRCE, new species. Shell small, hemispherical, spire depressed and rounded in outline; whorls probably about three; only two are preserved; suture shallow; the whorls are gently and uniformly rounded from the suture down to the more rapid curve to the basal side; as far as can be determined a section of the outer whorl has the form of an ellipse, the narrower parts toward the dorsal furrow and the outer basal margin. The greatest diameter of the type and only specimen is 3.5 mm.; greatest diameter near aperture 2 mm.; diameter of whorl opposite aperture 1.5 mm. The surface is marked by concentric elevated lines that extend obliquely backward from the dorsal suture to the base of the whorl, where they are concealed by the matrix. This species differs from Straparollina remota Billings in the more rapid expansion of the outer whorl and more elevated spire. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation; Pagoda Hill, 1 mile west-southwest of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. STRAPAROLLINA, species undetermined. This form is represented by the lower portion of a single whorl, that is rounded in outline and suggestive of Straparollina remota. The greatest diameter across the volution is 6.5 mm., and of the whorl 2.5 to 3 mm. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, in shales just below the Chao Mi Tien formation, corresponding to the Ku San shales; isolated hills 12 miles 8. 80° E. of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Genus PLATYCERAS Conrad. PLATYCERAS CHRONUS, new species. Shell minute, consisting of two whorls somewhat irregularly in- curved, the inner whorl being on the plane of the dorsal (outer) side; the outer whorl expands rapidly toward the aperture, increasing more on the right ventral (inner) side; a cross section of the outer whorl shows the outer side to be slightly convex and the inner side strongly convex, a rather sharp dorsal angle being formed where the two unite on the outer side. A narrow, sharp ridge occurs about midway of the outer side of the whorl, that is seen only when the outer surface is very perfectly preserved; in one example the ridge has a narrow depression on the outer side which makes a rather prominent feature of the surface; the strie of growth arch backward to this ridge, indicating a sharp but small dorsal sinuosity in the peristome; on casts of the-interior neither the ridge nor the arching backward of the strive is shown. The surface of finely preserved specimens is marked by concentric lines of growth, a sharp ridge, and one or two very fine, elevated lines subparallel to the ridge. Greatest diameter of shell 1.5 mm.; dorso-ventral diameter of whorl at aperture 0.75 mm.; lateral diameter 0.5 mm. This species appears to be most nearly related to Platyceras pri- mevun Billings. It differs in its stronger dorsal angle and more rapidly expanding outer whorl. Formation and locality.— Middle Cambrian, central portion of Chang Hsia formation; at Yen Chuang and 2.5 miles south of Yen Chuang; also in cliffs | mile east of Chang Hsia, in upper portion of Chang Hsia formation; Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PLATYCERAS CLYTIA, new species. Shell minute, consisting of about two whorls. Whorls regularly incurved, the plane of the coiling being nearly perfect with the exception of a very slight inclination to the left when looking down upon it from above (dorsally). Outer whorl very minute at origin, increasing slightly for the first half of its turn and then rapidly toward the aperture, which is rounded ovate, being narrowest at the dorsum; a rounded dorsal ridge is formed on the outer whorl by the convex slope of the two sides meeting at the dorsum. Surface apparently smooth in the half dozen specimens in the collection. Greatest diameter 2.75 mm.; dorso-ventral diameter of whorl near aperture 1.5 mm.; greatest lateral diameter 1.25 mm. No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. bd This species differs from Platycerus chronus and 2. pagoda in the form of the outer whorl, which expands more uniformly and has a broadly ovate section; its form also distinguishes it from 7” primevun. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, upper portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, in gray oolitic limestone; Chao Mi Tien, Shane- tung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PLATYCERAS PAGODA, new species. Shell minute, consisting of about two whorls, of which the inner whorl is very minute and incurved so as to be seen best from the right dorsal or outer side. Whorls regularly incurved, with the plane of the coiling toward the right dorsal side. The section of the outer whorl near the aperture is elongate oval, with the left ventral side somewhat flattened. The outer whorl widens rapidly toward the aperture, especially on the right ventral (inner) side, which gives the outline, when looked at from the dorsal ridge, an oblique, unsymmet- rical appearance. Surface marked by concentric lines of growth which arch backward upon the dorsum, indicating a dorsal sinuosity in the peristome. Greatest diameter of the shell 2.5 mm.; dorso-ventral diameter of whorl near the aperture 1.75 mm.; greatest lateral diameter not meas- urable, but apparently not more than one-half the antero-posterior diameter. This species differs from /Vatyceras chronus in the size of the outer whorl, minute inner whorl, and the absence of longitudinal ridges, features which also distinguish it from P. priémevum Billings” and allied forms. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation; Pagoda Hill, 1 mile west-southwest of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus STENOTHECA Salter STENOTHECA (?) CLURIUS, new species. This form is represented by the interior cast of a large, slender, slightly curving shell. The cast has a length of 16 mm., with a diameter where it is broken off at the end of 4 by 5mm. The largest diameter at the aperture was probably about 10 mm. a@Can. Nat. and Geol., VJ, 1871, p. 220. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. The generic reference of this specimen is doubtful, but in the absence of the outer shell it is not possible to determine the generic relations. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation; Pagoda Hill, 1 mile west-southwest of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Elhot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. STENOTHECA RUGOSA CHINENSIS, new variety. In its general form this shell is closely related to Stenotheca rugosa; it is, however, more elevated and more broadly oval in outline than the typical forms of S. rugosa. The surface is marked by a number of moderate undulations, or low concentric ridges, and numerous very © fine concentric strike of growth; with a strong lens fine radiating strize are visible. The type and only specimen in the collection has a longer diameter at the aperture of about 10 mm., with a height of 7 mm. to where the apex is decorticated; at this point the oval section has a length of 2.5 mm., with a width of 1.5mm. The apex is broken off at a smooth, slightly convex septum. This specimen is of unusual interest, owing to the presence of a septum toward the apex. In form it resembles most closely S. rugosa acuticosta Walcott, but differs from that variety in the presence of rounded instead of acute coste. From S. rugosa it differs in being elevated and more or less conical. Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian, Man To formation, in a hard, blue-gray limestone, 2.5 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. STENOTHECA RUGOSA ORIENTALIS, new variety. This variety is founded upon a small, slender shell with a rounded, oval aperture. In form it is between Stenotheca rugosa acuticosta and S. rugosa erecta, being slender, slightly arched, and cornucopia-like. Surface marked by strong. sharply angular concentric ridges, with broader U-shaped furrows between them, and numerous fine con- centric strie. The average length of the shells of this species is 3 mm., with a diameter at the aperture of 1.5 to 1.75 mm. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, upper portion of Chang Hsia formation; at Chang Hsia and 1 mile east of Chang Hsia, Shang- tung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. IL PrEROrODA. Genus Eo4iOwlmeMme ess Elehwvala: HYOLITHES CYBELE, new species. Form an elongate, subtriangular pyramid, gradually and regularly tapering to an acute extremity. The apical angle of the dorsal side is about 15°. Transverse section rounded subtriangular; the ventral angle is rounded and the lateral angles slightly rounded off. Dorsal face moderately convex and curving very slightly from the apex to the anterior, spatulate portion. Ventral face strongly and regularly convex transversely. Aperture oblique, the margin extending on the dorsal side; the peristome*on the ventral side is slightly curved forward. Surface marked by concentric, transverse, more or less obscure lines and strive of growth; the cast of the interior shows on the ventral face three or four obscure longitudinal lines, the central one of which is the strongest. The largest specimen in the collection has a length of 24 mm., with a width of 7 mm. at the aperture. The body of the associated operculum is semicircular, moderately convex on the outer side externally, and concave within. The ventral wing as seen on the outside is semicircular-convex, rising toward a point at the center of the transverse side. The dorsal limb is nearly flat, rising, as far as can be determined from a broken specimen, at an angle of about 100° from the plane of the body of the operculum. In the slope of the sides toward the apex, character of surface, and the transverse section this species may be compared with //yolithes princeps Billings,” of the Lower Cambrian of Newfoundland, //. teni/s- triatus Linnarsson, and //. arenophilus Holm.? — /7. eybele is, however, much smaller than the first two species mentioned, and its section is much more convex, both on the dorsal and ventral sides, than that of IT. arenophilus. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, central portion of Chang Hsia formation; at Yen Chuang, 2 miles and 2.5 miles south and 3 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. . Also near the top of the Chang Hsia formation at Chang Hsia, Shanetune, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. «Tenth Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Survey, 1890, pl. Lxxv1, figs. 1 to 1 a/. b Geol. Surv. Sweden, Ser. C, No. 112, pl. 1, figs. 78-81 and 82-93. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05-——2 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. HYOLITHES DAPHNIS, new species. The type and only specimen of this species in the collection has a length of 26 mm., with a width at the larger end on the dorsal side of 11 mm., and a dorso-ventral thickness of 9mm. Ata distance of 21 mm. from the larger end the smaller end has a width of 5 mm. on the dorsal side. Nothing is known of the outer surface. The section shows a very strongly convex ventral side, with rounded ventral angle; the dorsal side is gently convex, with the lateral angle slightly rounded. This species is represented by a cast that might have been taken from some of the more convex specimens of //yolithes princeps Bil- lings, of the Lower Cambrian rocks of Newfoundland. It differs from these in the more convex dorsal side. Formation and locality.—U pper Cambrian, summit of the Chao Mi Tien formation; 2.7 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shang- tung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. HYOLITHES DELIA, new species. This species is represented by the dorsal side of a single specimen. It resembles the dorsal side of //yolithes billings: Walcott.” The dorsal surface is gently convex and is marked on each side, parallel to and a little distance within the margin, by a very shallow groove which outlines a central, more slightly convex area. This specimen is probably the interior cast. It shows a few forward-arching concen- tric lines of growth. The type and only specimen representing the species has a length of 5 mm., with a width of 1 mm. at the smaller end and 2.25 mm. at the larger end. ; From the means of comparison afforded by the single specimen this species appears to be most closely related to //yolithes billingsi. It differs in the more slender tube. Formation and locality.x—Lower Cambrian, in hard, blue-gray limestone, lower part of Man To formation; 2.5 miles south of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus ORTHOTHECA Novak, ORTHOTHECA CYRENE, new species. Form, an elongate, slender, subtriangular tube, with the lateral mar- gin rounded, tapering gradually from the base to an acute extremity. éBull. No. 30, U. 8. Geol. Survey, 1886, p. 134, pl. x1, figs. 1b, le. No, 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 19 Transverse section rounded subtriangular, transverse, and slightly concave toward the center on the dorsal side, rounded at the lateral angles, highly arched on the ventral side, with the ventral angle broadly rounded. Dorsal face of the lateral angles rounded, with a shallow depression, with rounded lateral slopes, a little more than one-third the width of the face. Ventral face strongly and regularly convex transversely, and without any ventral angle. Aperture, as far as known, transverse, at right angles to the axis of the shell. Operculum unknown. Shell of moderate thickness and made up apparently of several layers or lamellie. Surface of the shell concentrically or transversely finely striated; a few longitudinal strize may be seen by turning the specimen in the hight. | The largest specimen, which is broken off at the apical end, has a length of 9 mm., with a width on the dorsal side at the larger end of 2mm.; a specimen with a diameter of 3 mm. on the dorsal face has a dorso-ventral diameter of 2 mm. What appears to be a transverse septum occurs in one of the shells about 9 mm. from the apical end. The elongate form of the tube and the shallow groove on the center of the dorsal face are not unlike //yol/thes communis emmonse Ford.“ The two species, however, differ in the outline of the trans- verse section and in the more rapidly expanding tube of Orthotheca cyrene. There is a number of species from the Swedish Cambrian, illustrated by Holm, that have the central depression on the dorsal face. Of these Orthotheca affiniés Holm is most nearly related to 0. cyrene. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, upper portion of Chao Mi Tien formation; Chao Mi Tien and 2.7 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ORTHOTHECA CYRENE DRYAS, new variety. This variety is characterized by having a broader, more shallow fur- row on the dorsal face; otherwise it appears to be identical with 0. cyrene. On some specimens the shallow groove is scarcely percepti- ble, the face being practically transverse and smooth. Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, central portion of Chang Hsia formation; 2 miles south of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. éTenth Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Survey, 1890, pl. Uxxvit, fig. 46. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, ORTHOTHECA DAULIS, new species. Shell elongate, slender, tapering gradually to an acute point. Transverse section subcireular, slightly flattened on the dorsal side. Ventral face strongly and regularly convex transversely; the dorsal and ventral faces meet to form the rounded lateral angles of the shell, the dorsal face being narrow and slightly flattened. Aperture trans- verse, as indicated by the transverse lines of growth. Surface of the shell smoothed and polished, with only a very few obscure traces of transverse concentric lines of growth. The largest specimen in the collection has a length of 16 mm., with a diameter at the larger end of 4mm., and at the smaller end, where it appears to be broken off at a transverse septum, of 1.25 mm. This species resembles, in its slender tube and nearly circular sec- tion, Orthotheca communis Billings.“ It differs in expanding a little more rapidly toward the larger end and in its smooth surface. It may be compared with Orthotheca stylus Holm, except that it does not have the curvature of that species nor the cancellated surface. Its slender tube and nearly circular section are much like those of Ovthotheca terctiusculus Linnarsson,’? as illustrated by Holm in his memoir on Hyolithide. Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, lower portion of Chang Hsia formation, in gray oolitic limestone; 50 feet below base of cliffs, Chang Hsia; also central portion of Chang Hsia formation, 2.2 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ORTHOTHECA DELPHUS, new species. Shell straight, elongate, slender, tapering gradually to an acute point. Transverse section subelliptical, with the dorsal side flattened. Dorsal face gently convex, lateral angles rounded. Ventral face moderately convex. Aperture about transverse, as indicated by the concentric strive and lines of growth. Shell of medium thickness. Surface of the shell transversely or concentrically striated by somewhat irregular, raised, sharp, fine, closely arranged strie; on the rounded ventral side a few slightly oblique, longitudinal, elevated lines occur near the larger end. The largest specimen has a length of 9 mm., with a width of 1 mm. at the smaller end and 1.75 mm. at the larger end. There is some variation in the transverse section of the shell owing to the variation in the convexity and flattening of the dorsal face. In some specimens toward the apical end the section is a rather narrow » Geol. Surv. Sweden, Ser. C, No. 112, pl. 1. No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 21 The elliptical section and the fine, raised, transverse strix serve to distinguish this species from any other known to me. Formation and locailty.—Middle Cambrian, central portion of Chang Hsia formation, in limestone nodules at the base of a stratum of green shale, a local phase of the Chang Hsia oolite formation; 3 miles south of Kao Chia Pu and 3 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Ehot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ORTHOTHECA DORIS, new species. Shell elongate, slender, and regularly tapering. Transverse section oval or circular; in the type and only specimen the shell is somewhat crushed, which leaves the original form in doubt. The dorsal face “appears to have been moderately convex, with rounded lateral angles that pass into the convex, rounded ventral side. Transverse strize and lines of growth indicate that the aperture was probably transverse. Shell apparently strong. Surface of shell transversely or concentrically marked by lines of growth, with more or less irregular strize between them; in addition there is a finely pitted surface between the strive, and sometimes on them, that gives a very peculiar aspect to the surface under a strong lens. The fragment representing this species has a length of 7.5 mm., with a transverse diameter at the larger end of 5 mm. ; This species is characterized by the peculiar, irregularly pitted surface. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian; collected from river drift rock on gravel bar in the Lan H6, 1 mile south of Chén Ping Hsien, southeastern Shensi, China, near the extreme southeastern corner of the Province of Shensi, adjoining on Hupeh and Ssuch’ uan, Collected by Bailey Willis and Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ORTHOTHECA, species undetermined. Fragments of a small, elongate, slender Orthotheca occur in the upper Cambrian. The species has a transverse section much like that of O. daulis, except that the dorsal face is much broader, which gives a rounded, subtriangular outline to the section, resembling in this respect O. cyrene, but the latter has a shallow groove on the dorsal face which is absent in the fragments under consideration. Formation and locality.— Upper Cambrian, upper part of Chao Mi Tien formation; Pagoda Hill, 1 mile west-southwest of Tai An Fu, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. CEPAAHOPRO@MZz: Genus CYRTOCERAS Goldfuss. CYRTOCERAS CAMBRIA, new species. Shell gently curved, laterally compressed. Section ovate, dorso- ventral diameter as compared with the lateral diameter toward the last chamber being nearly as four to three, the greatest lateral diame- ter being nearer the dorsal than the ventral side; dorsal side more obtusely rounded than the ventral. Septa arching slightly forward from the dorsal side; short, about five in a distance of 2.5 mm. where the shell has a diameter of from 1 to 1.5 mm. Chamber of habitation supposed to be of moderate depth; none of the specimens clearly show the margin of the aperture. This species is represented by a number of more or less fragmentary specimens. The largest has a dorso-ventral diameter near the aper- ture of 3 mm., with a length of 7mm. to where the diameter is 1.25 mim.; chamber of habitation appears to have a depth of 2 mm. The siphunele in a specimen 2.25 mm. in the dorso-ventral diameter has a diameter of less than 0.2 mm.; it is situated on the dorsal side, ana almost reaches the exterior surface of the thin shell, which is some- what thickened on the dorsal side. This little shell appears to be a true Cyrtoceras. Occurring as it does well down toward the base of the Chao Mi Tien limestone, the fauna of which is of upper Cambrian age, makes it of great interest, as it is the oldest known representative of the genus, and, unless Vol- borthella is considered to be a cephalopod, is the oldest known representative of that class. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien limestone; Pagoda Hill, 1 mile west-southwest of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PATEOB GEA: Genus AGNOSTUS Brongniart. AGNOSTUS KUSANENSIS, new species. Cephalic shield moderately convex, a little wider than long, semi- circular in outline, and slightly contracted at the posterior lateral angles; the narrow, rim-like, rounded border is broadest at the front, narrowing toward the postero-lateral angle, around which it curves, and extends about one-fourth the distance across the posterior margin of the head; dorsal furrow well defined on the sides, but rather faint in front of the large posterior lobe of the glabella. NO. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 93 The glabella is formed of a posterior, slightly convex lobe that is little more than one-fourth the width of the head and less than one- half its length; it is marked a little in advance of its center by a small, pointed tubercle; in front of the posterior lobe there is a faintly out- lined conical extension of the glabella that differs more or less in form and strength in nearly every specimen of the head; it is usually very obscure: lateral lobes moderately convex and uniting in the front without interruption in the convexity or surface. The thoracic segments associated with the cephalic and caudal shields have a convex axial lobe with narrow pleural lobes; the axial lobe is divided into a central portion and two lateral portions by narrow fur- rows, giving the effect of two large oval tubercles between the dorsal furrow and the central portion of the segment; the short pleural lobe is marked by a very narrow pleural furrow a short distance back of its center. The caudal shield associated with the cephalic shield is slightly shorter in proportion to its width and less convex; it is bordered by a flat, rather broad rim, that is narrow at the front margin, gradually increasing to its greatest width behind, where its inner margin curves inward to form a blunt angle at the point opposite the axial lobe; the front margin is narrow and elevated in front of the lateral lobes and bordered with a narrow, slightly convex, sharply defined axial segment. Axial lobe about one-third the entire width, moderately convex, and marked on its anterior third by an elongate, slightly elevated tubercle from which on some specimens, but not on others, two very faint grooves extend outward and then curve obliquely backward to the dorsal furrow, the front groove being opposite the apex of the tubercle; in some examples the axial lobe contracts opposite the cen- tral tubercle and expands at the frontal margin, where an oblique, very faintly defined furrow outlines a small oval lobe; dorsal furrow narrow and sharply defined all about the central axis; back of the axis it unites and passes back into the furrow within the border; lateral lobes gently convex, usually about the width of the axial lobe near the central portions, narrowing posteriorly, and dying out at the short, shallow furrow at the posterior point of the axial lobe. Surface of cephalic and caudal shields and thoracic segments mi- nutely punctate. . This species differs from Agnostus chinensis Dames, which occurs abundantly in the Chang Hsia formation, in having a short glabella and broader lateral lobes on the cephalic shield, and broader lateral lobes and flat border on the pygidium. It isof the type of and very closely related to A. parvifrons Linnarsson, from which it differs in the pro- portion of the glabella to the length of the cephalic shield and in the flatter margins of the cephalic and caudal shields. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOT xoseNs, Formation and locality.— Middle Cambrian, upper portion of Chang Hsia formation, 3 miles south of Kao Chia Pu, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus MICRODISCUS (Emmons) Waleott.a MICRODISCUS ORIENTALIS, new species. There is in the collection but a single specimen of the matrix of a portion of the head of this species. This indicates the head to have been semicircular in outline, with a strong, rounded, frontal border, marked by ten or more transverse furrows, very much in the same manner as J/. connexus. In front of the border there is a very nar- row, slightly elevated rim. Cheeks convex, and sloping from the center toward the narrow, sharp dorsal furrow about the glabella and to the furrow within the border of the head. A very narrow ridge extends just back of the antero-lateral angles of the giabella outward so as to disappear in the furrow within the outer border. Glabella very narrow in front, gradually widening toward the base, and from the slight indication in the specimen is continued backward in an occipital spine; it is marked by two transverse, lightly impressed furrows, and what may be a faintly impressed occipital furrow. This species shows characters that occur in two described forms: The border of the head and the occipital spine are much like those of M. connexus; the transverse furrows of the glabella recall those of some specimens of J/. spec/osus. Its occurrence in the Cambrian rocks of China is most interesting. The fossils associated in the bluish-gray limestone are Acrotreta shangtungensis, Dicellomus parvus, Obolella asiatica, Obolus shensien- sis, [lyolithes, undetermined fragments of trilobites, and a small ostracod. Collected by Bailey Willis and Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China, hormation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. The type specimen is from dark, bluish-gray, compact limestone, in the river drift of the Lan H6, near the extreme southeastern corner of the province of Shensi, joining on Hupeh and Ssuch’ uan, one mile south of Chén Ping Hsien, Shensi, China. Genus REDLICHIA Crossman. Redlichia Crossman, Reyue Critique, Paléozoologie, 1902, Sixiéme Ann., p. 52. Heferia Repuicn, Mem. Geol. Sur. India, new ser., I, 1901, p. 2. Not Heferia Brrrner, 1895. @ Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 30, 1886, p. 152. O No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 25 semicircular, slightly elevated, possesses movable cheeks and two long cheek-spines. The glabella is cylindrical, slightly contracted toward the middle, provided on each side with four lateral furrows. The palpebral lobes, which surround the glabella in one continuous curve, are completely separate from it and not confluent as in Olenellus. The facial sutures are well developed in all the specimens and, in con- sequence of this, free cheeks are present. “The suture begins in the first quarter of the external margin (reckoned from the glabella), extends along the eyes, and toward the posterior margin is again directed outward. The fixed cheeks are very narrow, whilst the free cheeks, which are provided with long cheek-spines, are almost double the width. **Of the thorax only isolated segments are preserved. The axial part is elevated; the pleurz are grooved (‘plevres @ sillon? of Bar- rande), and end in a backwardly directed spine. “On the glabella the surface of the test shows fine backwardly directed ridges, which are, however, so fine that they are visible only under the lens. On the thickened margin they are also present, but so much stronger that they can easily be shown in the figure. The cheeks, even when highly magnitied, show nothing of the sort, but at most a fine punctation, which, however, is mainly due to the structure of the test.” Doctor Redlich compares this form with the genera Protolenus, Paradoxides, and Metatowides, but does not note its close resemblance to Zacanthoides of the Middle Cambrian fauna of Nevada. In India the type species A. noetling/ occurs near the summit of the Cambrian series of formations. In China 72. nobilis occurs near the base of the Man To formation, not far above the Archean complex. PR. chinensis is found in the central portions of the Man To forma- tions, and 72. fnal/s occurs nearly 1,000 feet or more higher in the section near the top of the Chang Hsia formation. This distribution indicates that edlichia is a Middle Cambrian genus; also that it may be in the upper portion of the Lower Cambrian, but with our present information this is somewhat doubtful, as the fauna of the Man To formation is not distinctly Lower Cambrian. Genotype.—Redlichia noetling? Redlich. REDLICHIA CHINENSIS, new species. This species differs from Pedlichia noetling’, the type of the genus from India, in its more conical glabella and smaller anterior lobe of the glabella; otherwise the two forms are very much alike, as far as can be determined by the present means of comparison. From Redlichia nobilis it differs in having a proportionately less cylindrical glabella and much larger anterior fixed cheeks. 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. The stratigraphic range of the species is from the lower to the cen- tral portions of the Man To formation. Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian. Man To formation. Bluish-gray shaly and thin-bedded limestone, south slope of Man To Shan at Chang Hsia and 2 miles south, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. REDLICHIA FINALIS, new species. This species is represented by one imperfect head, several free cheeks, «and several long spines similar to those occurring with PR. chinensis, which were probably attached to a segment of the thorax as in Zacanthoides typicalis Walcott.“ The fragment of the head indicates an almost cylindrical glabella and elongate eye lobe; the free cheek indicates a shorter anterior fixed cheek than that of FR. nobilis. The material representing this species is imperfect, but the fact that it occurs near the top of the Chang Hsia limestone, 1,000 or more feet above 2. chinensis and FP. nobilis, in a strongly marked Middle Cambrian fauna, makes it desirable to give the form a specific name. It probably approaches the type of the genus A. noetlinge from India more closely than the other two species from China. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Lower portion of Ku San formation. Shaly limestone. Two miles south-southeast of Kao Chia Pu, Shangtung, China. REDLICHIA NOBILIS, new species. This species is closely related to Redlichia noetlingi, it differs in the form of the posterior segment of the glabella and the somewhat less cylindrical form of the glabella. From Pedlichia chinensis it differs in its less tapering glabella and shorter anterior fixed cheeks. As far as known, it occurs only in the lower portion of the Man To formation. Formation and locality. —Lower Cambrian. Man To formation, ina hard bluish-gray limestone. Southeast slope of Hu Lu Shan, 25 miles south of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. REDLICHIA, species undetermined. A large free cheek and two thoracic spines, much like those found with 72. chinensis, are all that is known of this species. The angle of divergence of the lateral spine is much greater than in other species, and the stratigraphic horizon is higher in the section. ¢ Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., No. 30, 1886, pl. xxv, fig. 2. 5 No. 1115. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 27 Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Shaly limestone in upper portion of Ku San shale, 2.5 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washineton Expedition to China. Genus OLENOIDES Meek. OLENOIDES (?) CILIX, new species. This species is founded on a pygidium that is semicircular in outline, moderately convex, and with a spinose margin. Axis moderately con- vex, conical, with a broadly rounded posterior end. It is divided by three clearly marked, transverse, rounded furrows into a strong ante- rior ring, next to the thorax, two moderately convex rings, and a long terminal portion, which has a slight fourth depression, indicating a fourth ring. The posterior portion of the axis slopes rather rapidly down to the margin. Owing to an abrasion, the presence or absence of the nodes usually present at the end of the axis can not be determined. Dorsal furrow rounded and shallow. Pleural lobes flat for a short distance from the axis, and then curve gently downward to the border. They are marked by a deep anterior furrow within the narrow, anterior, elevated margin and three furrows that terminate at the margin. The furrows outline three rather broad, slightly convex segments and a posterior ares opposite the postero-lateral angle of the axis. The border is practi- cally a continuation of the slope of the segments and furrows of the pleural lobe. It is marked opposite the segments by five short, backward-pointing, flat, broad spines, and diagonally opposite the lateral angle of the axis by two long, strong, backward-extending spines. In addition, there are two short spines with broad bases back of the axis between the two long spines. Outer surface unknown, as the crust has been removed by abrasion or solution. The type and only specimen of the pygidium has a length of about 12 mm., with a width at the front margin of 19 mm.; the axis has a leneth of about 9 mm., with a width in front of 6 mm. and at the terminal segment of 3.5 mm. This species is characterized by the two long posterior spines and the short. backward-extending lateral spines; the latter spines are essentially of the type occurring on the pygidium of Pedtura and Pro- topeltura, but the general character of the pygidium and spines relate it to the group of trilobites here brought together under the genera Dorypyge, Dorypygela, Damesella, and Olenoides. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Formation and locality. Middle Cambrian, in shales corresponding to the Ku San shale formation; isolated hills 12 miles S. 80° E. of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus DORYPYGE Dames. DORYPYGE BISPINOSA, new species. _ This species is based on a pygidium having a strong, broad axis, narrow pleural lobes, and two long, strong spines that project obliquely backward from the postero-lateral angle of the pygidium. The central axis has a length of 10 mm., with a width at the ante- rior end of 6 mm. and at the posterior terminal lobe of 6 mm., narrowing slightly at the second and third rings; it is divided by three shallow, rounded, transverse furrows into three shghtly convex rings anda terminal ring nearly as long as the two posterior rings; there is also a narrow anterior ring that connected the pygidium with the thorax; the terminal ring is convex and slightly overhangs the margin; a node or slight swelling is indicated on each side of the median line where the ring slopes abruptly down to the margin. Dorsal furrow rounded and somewhat irregular. Pleural lobes slightly narrower than the axis and arching from the dorsal furrow directly down to the border; the lobes are divided by three broad furrows into an anterior, marginal, elevated rim and two slightly concave segments; a third and posterior segment is indis- tinctly outlined; the furrows and segments terminate within a slightly thickened border. Three pairs of short spines occur on the border opposite the two anterior segments and frontal rim of the pleural lobe; opposite the faintly defined posterior segment there is a long, strong spine, and from the space between the latter spine and where the dorsal furrow intersects the border there is another longer and stronger spine that extends obliquely outward and backward. The surface is marked by a few pustules that occur on the elevated portions of the rings of the axis and the pleural lobes; under a strong lens the crust appears to be slightly roughened and apparently minutely punctate. Dimensions.—Length, 11 mm.; width at the anterior border, 16 mm.; width of axis, 6 mm.; width of pleural lobe at anterior portion, 5 mm. Observations.—In general outline this pygidium is somewhat like that of Dorypyge richthofent Dames. It differs in the proportionately broader axis, narrower pleural lobes, and the pair of strong spines at the postero-lateral angle. No, 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 29 Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, central portion § of uy Chang Hsia formation, in hard, dove-colored limestone; 2 miles south of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. * Genus DORYPYGELLA, new genus. This genus is founded on the heads and pygidia of a trilobite associated with Dumesella blackwelderi. Diagnosis.—Uead transversely semicircular, with a truncato-conical glabella, having a postero-lateral lobe in the dorsal furrow and a nar- row frontal rim and border, fixed cheeks medium to broad, with rela- tively large, elevated, palpebral lobes; facial sutures, cutting the anterior rim in front of the anterior base of the eye lobe, extend inward and backward in a slight outward curve to the eye lobe; arch- ing about the eye lobe they extend outward and backward with a sigmoid flexure, cutting the posterior rim within the postero-lateral angle. Associated pygidia transversely semicircular, axis conical, with two or more rings, marginal border spinose, with the anterior pair of spines, in the type species, very strong. It may be that some of the pygidia described under O/enotdes and Damesclla belong to this genus, but with our present knowledge it would be difficult to identify them. The genus is characterized by the peculiar glabella, narrow frontal margin, and spinose pygidium. It is assumed that the pygidia asso- ciated with the heads belong to the genus, as there is no other associated form to which they could be referred except Damesella blackwelder?, and from this the pygidium differs in its short conical axis and the character of the spinose border. Genotype.— Dorypygella typicalis. The species referred to the genus are: Dorypygella typicalis Wal- cott, Dorypygella alcon Walcott, Dorypygella alastor Walcott. DORYPYGELLA TYPICALIS, new species. Head transversely semicircular, moderately convex. Glabella truncato-conical, with the sides converging gently to the rounded front; three pairs of glabellar furrows are indicated by slight, short depres- sions at the sides next to the dorsal furrow; back of the posterior pair of depressions a low rounded ridge extends out onto the fixed cheek, forming a low, oval-shaped tubercle or lobe that is apparently the continuation of the postero-lateral lobe of the glabella; a small pit occurs just back of it, from which the occipital furrow starts; the latter is shallow, clearly defined, and extends slightly backward and then forward toward the center; occipital ring of medium width at the sides, broadening out to a somewhat flat, rather strong, segment at the 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. center; dorsal furrow obscure, and interrupted by the small lobe at the postero-lateral angle of the glabella and by the ocular ridge at its antero-lateral angle. Fixed cheeks about two-thirds the width of the central portion of the glabella; they rise somewhat rapidly from the dorsal furrow to the palpebral lobe, and slope gently back to the posterior furrow and in front of the ocular ridge rather rapidly to the furrow within the frontal rim; ocular ridges strong and rather prominent; they origi- nate against the antero-lateral angle of the glabelia and extend obliquely backward across the fixed cheek and merge into the rim of the palpebral lobe; palpebral lobe elevated above the fixed cheek, prominent, and about one-third the entire length of the head; a shal- low groove extends from the thick, strong, broad, elevated rim down to the fixed cheek; postero-lateral limb about as long from the dorsal furrow to its extremity as the length of the glabella and occipital ring; a narrow furrow within the sharp posterior margin gives it an almost concave form; frontal border transverse or slightly incurved; it is elevated, rounded, and separated from the front of the glabella by a narrow sharply defined furrow that extends outward and slightly forward between the rim and the fixed cheeks; it is nearly flat, broad at the center, narrowing toward the facial suture. The associated free cheek is subrhomboidal in outline, with a narrow rim that is slightly flattened in front, becoming more rounded toward the posterior lateral angle, which has a short, sharp, backward- extending spine; the body of the cheek is slightly convex, rising broadly from the border to the base of the eye lobe; the posterior border is short, being cut a short distance within the postero-lateral angle by the facial suture; facial sutures, cutting the frontal limb, extend directly backward, with a slight outward curve to the eye lobe, around which they curve; back of the eye lobe the sutures continue with a slight sigmoid flexure outward and backward, cutting the posterior margin a short distance within the postero-lateral angle. The associated pygidium, which is referred to this species, is trans- versely semicircular, with a short, conical, convex axis. The axis is divided by two narrow, shallow, transverse furrows into two ante- rior segments and a terminal segment about as long as the two anterior segments. Pleural lobes depressed, nearly flat for a short distance, and then sloping gently down to a narrow, flattened margin; they are marked by three shallow furrows, which separate a strong, anterior, narrow, elevated rim, two slightly convex segments, and a posterior segment at the end of the axis; the furrows and segments stop at the line of the flattened margin, with the exception of the anterior elevated rim, which continues across the margin, and is extended into a strong spine that curves outward and backward; the border is narrow, slightly flattened and transverse, but somewhat incurved posteriorly; it has four or more short, broad, backward-extending spines. No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. ol The surface of the central portions of the head is apparently smooth under a strong lens, with the exception of a few scattered, depressed tubercles; the free cheeks have a few irregular, raised, inosculating lines extending from the base of the eye outward toward the rim; the surface of the associated pygidium appears to have a few very minute tubercles that can be seen only with the aid of a strong lens. Observations.—The transverse front of the head of this species sug- gests the head of Conocephalites frequens Dames, but the glabella is entirely different in form. It differs from Dorypygella alcon and D. alastor Walcott by the narrower free cheeks and glabella, and the form of the frontal rim. ; Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. In gray, crystalline limestone; 3.25 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtune, China. Jollected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. DORYPYGELLA ALASTOR, new species. This species is represented by a single specimen of the central por- tions of a moderately convex head and several associated pygidia that occur at the same horizon as Dorypygella alcon. Head, as indicated by the specimen, transversely semicircular and moderately convex. Glabella broadly truncato-conical, narrowing to the gently rounded front; two pairs of narrow, short furrows extend obliquely inward and backward; the posterior pair outline a rather large postero-lateral lobe, which is confluent with an oval-shaped lobe that interrupts the dorsal furrow and on one side merges into the fixed cheek; a second pair of furrows outlines a small, narrow lobe that is scarcely separated from the fixed cheek by the dorsal furrow; occipi- tal furrow narrow, transverse; occipital ring broken away; dorsal fur- row slightly outlined in front and at the anterior lateral angles of the glabella, and practically nonexistent back of that at the sides, owing to interruption by the merging of the lobes of the glabella, and the fixed cheeks. Fixed cheeks nearly as wide as the anterior portion of the glabella, _ interrupted by strong, low, ocular ridges that originate at the anterior lateral angle of the glabella and extend obliquely outward and back- ward to the palpebral lobe; palpebral lobes large, about one-half the length of the head, and rising abruptly from the nearly flat, fixed cheek; their outer margin is broad, rounded, elevated, semicircular, with a deep groove sloping down to the fixed cheek; frontal limb very nar- row, merely a rounded ridge between the glabella and the flat frontal rim; to the sides it merges into the strong ocular ridge and downward slope of the fixed cheek in front of the ridge; frontal rim narrow, nearly flat, and rising to the slightly rounded margin. 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Surface apparently smooth with the exception of a few small, scat- tered pustules on the glabella. At this same locality and horizon, and in limestone of the same character but not in the same hand specimen, there is a number of pygidia which appear to possess characteristics distinct from those of any described species, and which have been referred to 2). alastor. They are of the same type as those that have been referred to D. typi- calis. They are transversely semicircular in form, exclusive of the spines on the border. Axis elongate conical, convex, divided by five shallow furrows into five transverse, very slightly convex ring’s, and a terminal section a little longer than the greatest width of any ring; the terminal section ends somewhat abruptly and slopes rapidly down- ward to the margin; it is marked at the point where it slopes down- ward bya small node each side of the center. Dorsal furrow very slight, as the pleural lobes are nearly flat but slightly convex before reaching the margin; the pleural lobes are divided by five shallow furrows into a narrow frontal rim or segment and a posterior obscure segment; the furrows and segments, with the exception of the anterior furrow and segment, terminate at the inner margin of the border; the anterior furrow crosses the border, and the anterior segment is continued out across the border, merging into the anterior spine. Border flat, dis- tinctly defined except opposite the anterior segment, and bordered with a series of marginal spines; these include a long anterior spine, which is a continuation of the anterior margin and a part of the first segment; back of this there are four pairs of short spines which may be considered in a general way as opposite the four anterior segments; the sixth pair of spines project backward; they are long, broad, flat, and opposite the obscure terminal segment of the pleural lobe; between the two large spines, opposite the dorsal furrow at the side of the axis, are two short spines; all of the spines are more or less flat and merge directly into the flat border with the exception of the two anterior, which are connected with the anterior segment and frontal rim. The surface of the rings and segments is marked by minute granules; otherwise it appears to be smooth under a strong lens. A specimen 7 mm. in length has a width of 12 mm., exclusive of the spines; axis 8 mm. in width in front, 1.75 mm. at the posterior end; pleural lobe back of the first segment 3mm. in width. This species is characterized by the absence of a frontal limb on the head, and the pygidium differs from that of Dorypygella typicalis in having a narrow axis, broad, flat margin, and in the arrangement of the spines of the border. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, central portion of Chang Hsia formation, in hard, gray, fine-grained limestone; 3.25 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 38) DORYPYGELLA ALCON, new species. This species is represented by a single, somewhat imperfect. speci- men of the central portions of the head. Glabella broadly truncato-conical, its width at the base and its length being the same; a pair of short, shallow, posterior furrows occur, which outline a postero-lateral lobe that extends out into and crosses the dorsal furrow; a second pair of furrows is very slightly indicated a short distance in advance of the posterior pair; back of the postero- lateral lobe there is a deep, sharp, narrow furrow on the slope into the occipital furrow; occipital furrow strongly defined, shallow near the center, and deeper laterally; occipital ring unknown; dorsal furrow well defined at the sides in front of the postero- lateral lobe. Fixed cheeks about as broad as the glabella; they rise rather rapidly from the dorsal furrow to a height slightly greater than that of the glabella, and slope gently backward to the posterior furrow and rather abruptly downward in front of the ocular ridges; ocular ridges broad and rounded; they originate opposite the glabella, somewhat interrupt the dorsal furrow, and extend outward subparallel to the frontal margin of the head to the palpebral lobe; palpebral lobes broken away, but from the configuration of the broken part of the fixed cheek they appear to have been nearly one-half the length of the head and placed on the most elevated portion of the cheek; frontal rim narrow and nearly flat, transverse, and sloping upward from in front of the glabella and the fixed cheeks. One of the peculiarities of this head is the blending of the ocular ridge and the downward slope of the fixed cheek, so that it appears to be a strong ridge just back of the frontal rim; another peculiarity is the interruption of the dorsal furrow by the ocular ridges and the postero-lateral lobes of the glabella. The inner surface of the crust is minutely punctate, as shown by the minute papille on the cast; this may indicate that the outer surface was finely granulose. Length of the head, exclusive of the occipital ring, of the type and only specimen, is 6 mm., with a width near the edge of the palpebral lobes of 10 mm. This species is distinguished from 7). typicalis by its broader elabella and fixed cheeks and upward sloping frontal rim, and from D. alastor by the absence of a frontal limb and the character of the lobes of the glabella. The pygidia, which are referred to 2. alastor, may possibly belong to /. a/con; but from the fact that they are evidently from a different bed of limestone, and that there are no specimens of the head associated with the pygidia, I do not think it best to include them under this species, especially as the head of DL. alastor and the pygidia appear to be from the same bed of limestone. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——3 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, central portion of Chang Hsia formation, in hard, gray, fine-grained limestone; 3.25 miles southyest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus DAMESELLA, new genus. Diagnosis.—General form elongate, ovate, distinctly trilobate, mod- erately convex. Head transversely semicircular, with the postero- lateral angles rounded or spiniferous; the anterior and lateral margins have a thickened or elevated border, within which there is a well- marked furrow. Glabella truncato-conical, marked with two or more pairs of short furrows; occipital furrow strongly defined; occipital ring rounded. Fixed cheeks rather broad. Free cheeks subtriangu- lar in outline, rising with a gentle curvature to the base of the eye lobe; the border is extended into a lateral spine a short distance in advance of where it is cut by the facial suture. Facial suture, cutting the anterior border nearly opposite the base of the inner margin of the palpebral lobe, extends with slight curvature backward to the palpebral lobe; curving about the latter it extends outward and back- ward, cutting the posterior margin a little in front of the rounded postero-lateral angle. Eyes small, elevated, and situated about mid- way of the elabella. Hypostoma sub-rhomboidal in outline; central portion strongly convex, elevated, with an irregular border at the back and sides, broadening out in front to a greater width than at the back. Thorax with twelve or more transverse segments; axis about one- third the width of the thorax, gradually narrowing posteriorly. Pleure nearly horizontal, at right angles to the axis out to the point where they cuvre gently backward before terminating in a falcate extremity; pleural groove long, deep, and broad, starting at the dorsal furrow near the front and extending out on the faleate end. Pygidium sub-semicircular; axis convex, broadly conical, and divided into four or more rings by transverse furrows; lateral lobes depressed, convex, and divided by furrows into four or more segments; border rounded, and bearing five or more spines on each side. Surface in the type species granulose. This genus differs from Dorypyge, with which it appears to be most nearly related, in the character of the head; as far as known the tho- rax and pygidium are essentially of the same type, as far as fragments of Dorypyge can be compared with Damesella. The pygidium of Damesella is of essentially the same type as that of Olenoides, and the pleural lobes of the thoracic segments are also of the same type; but the thorax of Olenoides has eight segments and a strong median spine on the axis, while the thorax of Damesella has twelve or more seg- No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 3305) of Vlenoides it is probably the same as that of Dorypyge. Genotype.—Damesella blackwelderi Walcott. The species referred to the genus are: Damesella blackwelderi Wal- cott, D. bellagranulata Walcott, D. brevicaudata Walcott, D. chione Walcott, D. sinensis Bergeron= Dicellocephalus ? sinensis Bergeron. The genus Dinesus Etheridge, jr.,“ appears to be more nearly related to Dorypyge Dames than to Damesella or Dorypygella Wal- -cott. Its marked characteristics are: the elongate oval glabella, with the small, distinct antero-lateral and postero-lateral lobes; the small palpebral lobes; and the large pygidium with a spinose border. Only one species is known—//inesus ida Etheridge, jr. Under the definition of Proparia, Dr. C. E. Beecher gives as an ordinal character ‘‘ Free cheeks not bearing the genal angles,” ’ and under Opisthoparia he said ‘** Free cheeks generally separate, always bearing the genal angles.”° In Damesella the facial suture cuts the postero-lateral margin outside of the genal angle, so as to leave the genal angle on the fixed cheeks and at the same time the spine corre- sponding to the genal spine in other genera of the order Proparia on the free cheek. In other characters Damesel/la belongs with the Pro- paria, and I think that the definitions of the orders Proparia and Opis- thoparia need to be modified in relation to the exception made by Damesella in the position of the genal angle on the fixed cheek. DAMESELLA BLACKWELDERI, new species. General form ovate, moderately convex; distinctly trilobed, the central axis rather strongly convex, and the pleural lobes more or less flattened. Head transversely semicircular; frontal margin rounded and narrow in young individuals, becoming broader and more flattened with increase in size; it continues around the sides and the postero-lateral angle to unite with the narrowing posterior margin. A postero- lateral spine projects backward and slightly outward from a point on the margin a little in advance of the postero-lateral angle. Glabella large, truncato-conical in outline, and marked by three pairs of short furrows; the posterior pair of furrows form a rounded pit near the margin and continue obliquely outward as a shallow fur- row to the central third of the glabella, separating a short, rounded lobe on each side; the middle pair of furrows are short and very lightly impressed; the anterior pair of furrows are indicated by a short, smooth, narrow space at the anterior fourth of the glabella; occipital furrow of medium width, rounded at the bottom and rather deep; it @Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, VIII, n. ser., 1896, p. 56, pl. 1, figs. 1-5, bAm. Jour. Sci., III, 1897, p. 198. ¢Idem, p. 187. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. —_ vou. xxix. curves backward slightly at the sides and then arches gently forward at the middle; occipital ring of medium width, curving slightly back- ward at the ends and forward at the center, rounded on top; dorsal furrow strongly marked all about the glabella, and passing posteriorly into a narrow but well-defined furrow within the posterior margin of the postero-lateral limb; the front of the glabella almost overhangs a strong furrow within the frontal border that separates the frontal border from the fixed cheeks; frontal border or rim strong, rounded, and arching slightly upward in front of the glabella. Fixed cheeks a little more than one-half the width of the glabella. They slope gently back to the furrow on the postero-lateral limb and rather rapidly downward in front of the palpebral lobe to the furrow within the frontal border. A clearly detined, low, rounded ocular ridge extends opposite the anterior fourth of the glabella to the palpebral lobe, into the rim of which it merges; postero-lateral limb about one and one-third times as long as the width of the glabella at its base, and back of the palpebral lobe about one-third the length of the head; palpebral lobe a little less than one-third the length of the head, ele- vated at the outer rim, and rather narrow. The facial sutures cut through the rounded frontal margin of the head obliquely and around backward, passing almost directly to the anterior margin of the palpebral lobe; curving around the rather small eye lobe, they pass obliquely outward and backward, cutting the border of the head a little in advance of the postero-lateral angle. Free cheeks roughly subtriangular, with the outer margin bordered by a thickened, rounded rim, which gradually increases in width to the base of the long postero-lateral spine. Back of the spine to the facial suture the border narrows rapidly. The body of the cheek rises at a uniform slope to the base of the eye lobe. Thorax with a convex axis that narrows gradually from the anterior segment, where the width is 15 mm., to the twelfth segment, where it is 12mm. One specimen preserves twelve segments, with the pygi- dium, and it may be that other segments are broken off. The segments are nearly transverse, except at the geniculation on the pleural lobes, where the falcate extremities bend slightly backward; pleural lobes flattened three-fourths of the distance out, where they curve slightly downward to the extremities of the pleurae; pleural groove occupying nearly the entire width of the pleura, except near the axis, where it narrows toward the front margin. At the outer extremity it fades out where the pleura curves outward and backward. There is some difference in the strength and width of the pleural groove in different specimens. In some it has practically the same width from the axis out to its extremity, while in others it is narrow toward the axis and not quite as broad through the central portions. Pygidium large, semicircular; axial lobe divided by four well- No. 1415. 'AMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 37 defined transverse furrows, that arch slightly forward, into four moderately convex rings and a somewhat elevated terminal portion which has the appearance of a thickened ring, with a strong node on -ach side of the center and a slightly defined furrow on its front slope; the terminal ring slopes rapidly downward to the border; lateral lobes broad, slightly convex, and marked by a narrow anterior ring, which joins the thorax, and four strong, rather broad furrows that separate three rings and a broad, obscure terminal ring; two obscure ridges run down the posterior slope of the central axis from the two nodes upon the posterior end of the central axis and terminate in spines on the border; each of the rings of the pleural lobe, including the anterior border, terminates in a long, slender spine, that of the anterior border being much longer than the others; this arrangement gives five spines on each side of the axis and two spines back of the axis; the border is rounded and much interrupted by the strong spines extending out from it. Surface of the crust minutely punctate under a strong lens, and marked by strong pustules, more or less irregularly arranged on the surface, except in the furrows; on the segments of the thorax the pus- tules are arranged on the front and back margins of the pleura and _on the higher portions of the rings on the axis; on the pygidium the pustules occur on the elevated rings and somewhat irregularly on the pleural lobes, but not on the spines. On some portions of the surface, under a very strong lens, there appears to be an irregular, inosculating, elevated series of lines or striz interrupting the surface, leaving minute depressions or punctz between them. The portion of the thorax preserving twelve segments has a length of 50 mm., with a width at the anterior end of the axis of 16 mm., and on the pleural lobes of 24 mm.; the head of this specimen has a length of 26 mm. and a width of 64 mm., exclusive of the postero-lateral spines. Observations.—The pygidium of this species is not unlike that of Olenoides leblanci: Bergeron,” from China, but it differs in the more depressed axis and in the character of the spines on the border. This conclusion is given after an examination of the figures of M. Bergeron and a comparison of specimens which have been identified as Oleno/des leblanci from the Ku San shale formation, 2.5 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China, which appears to be the horizon from which the various species described by M. Bergeron were obtained. From Olenoides marcoui the pygidium of Damesella black- welder differs in the same manner as from 0. leblanc? From Dory- pyge slatskowskii Fr. Schmidt,’ it differs in the character of the head and the general shape of the pygidium and its spinose border. From @ Bull. Soc. Géol. de France, 3d ser., XX VII, 1899, p. 46. 6 Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, 8th ser., VIII, No. 10, p.33, pl. 11, figs. 1-10. 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, Olenoides dubia and Dorypygella alastor it differs in the slender axis and spinose border of the pygidium. This is one of the finest of the trilobites collected by Mr. Black- welder; and owing to the fact that there is a number of specimens of the head and pygidium, and one specimen preserving the head attached to twelve segments of the thorax, it is possible to separate it from the genera Dorypyge and Olenoides and to establish a generic type, the specimens of which have hitherto been confused with Dorypyge. It is not impossible that an entire specimen of Olenoides leblanci would prove that species to belong to the genus Damesella. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian; central portion of Chang Hsia formation, in gray limestone, 3.25 miles and 6 miles south- west of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai. In talus, in dark limestone; 2.8 miles and 6 miles southwest, and 2 miles south of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. The stratigraphic range given this species is based upon the com- parison of specimens that appear to be identical. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. DAMESELLA BELLAGRANULATA, new species. This species is represented by the central portions of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks. These parts indicate that the head was transversely semicircular and moderately convex. Glabella truncato-conical, moderately convex, and marked by two pairs of very faintly indicated short furrows; occipital furrow nar- row, transverse, clearly defined; occipital ring of moderate width and shehtly convex; dorsal furrow clearly defined on the sides of the glabella; frontal border narrow, rounded. Fixed cheeks of nearly the same width as the glabella opposite the palpebral lobes; they slope up very slightly from the dorsal furrow to the palpebral lobe, and gently backward to the slight furrow within the posterior margin; to the front they curve down rather rapidly to the frontal border; ocular ridge narrow and faintly defined; palpebral lobe a little more than one-fourth the length of the head, rising some- what abruptly from the plane of the fixed cheeks; postero-lateral limb from the dorsal furrow to its extremity about the same length as the width of the glabella at its base; it is marked by a shallow, nar- row furrow some distance within the posterior margin. The surface is ornamented by rather large, closely arranged pustules that cover the glabella and fixed cheeks; the pustules are larger on the occipital segment and its extension on the postero-lateral limbs and on the frontal border; larger pustules are also scattered on the back portion of the head near the dorsal furrow. Over the spaces between the larger pustules and on the pustules there is a minute No. 1415, CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 39 granulation that gives a very highly ornamented surface under a strong lens. The type and only specimen of the head in the collection has a length of 12 mm., of which the glabella occupies 9 mm.; the width at the outside of the palpebral lobes is 17 mm., and at the ocular ridges 5.0 mm. The head of this species is much like that of Damesella blachwelderi in general form, but it differs in the elevated eye lobes and the pecu- liarly ornamented pustulose surface. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, central portion of Chang Hsia formation, in a gray slabby limestone; 6 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. DAMESELLA BREVICAUDATA, new species. This species is based upon a pygidium that is transversely semicir- cular in shape, with a short, strong, convex axis. The axis is marked by two anterior transverse furrows and a very shallow posterior furrow, that divide the axis into an anterior ring, that joined the thorax, two faintly defined rings, and a rounded terminal section; the axis rounds down abruptly at its broad posterior end, passing into the margin. The dorsal furrow is narrow and clearly defined on each side of the axis. Pleural lobes flat for a very short distance, and then rounding down- ward to the border; each lobe is marked by an anterior, deep, narrow furrow within the margin, and four strong furrows terminate within the border; they divide the lobes into four elevated segments that merge into the irregular border; from the border fourteen spines project; the anterior spines appear to be the continuation of the anterior elevated margin of the pygidium and the first segment; the second, third, fourth, and fifth spines are opposite the furrows between the segments, and do not appear to be the direct continuation of the segments, although a low ridge from each segment crosses the margin obliquely to them; two spines project back of the axis, and one on each side opposite the dorsal furrow on the side of the axis. Surface marked by an irregular row of rather large tubercles on the rings of the axis and anchylosed segments of the pleural lobes; under a very strong lens the surface appears to be slightly roughened or minutely punctate. Dimensions.—Length, 7 mm.; width in front of border, exclusive of spines, 16 mm.; width of axis at anterior margin, 5 mm. Observations.—This species is characterized by its short, wide, convex, central axis, relatively narrow pleural lobes, and very strong spinose border. It differs from Dorypyge richthofent Dames in its 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. short, broad axis and the character of the pleural lobes and spinose border. Formation and locality.— Middle Cambrian; upper portion of Chang Hsia formation, in hard gray limestone; Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. DAMESELLA CHIONE, new species. Of this species there are several well-preserved central portions of the head, free cheeks, and pygidia. The head is transversely semicircular, moderately convex. Glabella convex, truncato-conical, rounded in front; the length is slightly greater than the width at the base; a posterior pair of glabellar fur- rows extends inward and obliquely backward a short distance, so as to outline a small, oval, slightly convex lobe at the postero-lateral angles, a second pair of very slightly impressed short glabellar furrows occurs about one-half way between the posterior furrows and the front; occipital furrow narrow, transverse, clearly defined; occipital ring narrow at the sides, increasing in width toward the center, slightly convex and a little elevated at the back; dorsal furrow narrow and distinct. Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella at the base and moderately convex; they round up from the dorsal furrow and are nearly flat out to the palpebral lobe, back of the line of which they slope gently to the furrow of the postero-lateral limb and in front more abruptly to the furrow within the front margin; palpebral lobe a little more than one-third the length of the head, narrow, dis- tinct, but not rising above the general level of the fixed cheek; ocular ridge indicated only by a very narrow, smooth line between the ante- rior end of the palpebral lobe and the dorsal furrow; postero-lateral limb narrow, and extending out a considerable distance to a rather blunt, rounded end; front margin of the head badly preserved; it appears to have been short, rounded, and separated from the glabella and fixed cheeks by a narrow furrow. Free cheeks subtriangular in outline, with a distinct, narrow, slightly elevated border and a sharp postero-lateral spine; from the base of the spine an inner flattened border originates and narrows to a point below the front of the eye lobe; it is defined by a narrow furrow within the sharp rim and the furrow between it and the central portion of the cheek; it is marked by granules in the same manner as the body of the cheek; the narrowing and disappearance of the flat border, leaving only the narrow rim at the facial suture, indicates that the border in front of the fixed cheeks of the glabella was very narrow; body of the cheek moderately convex, rounding up from the furrow at its base to the base of the strong eye lobe; the facial suture extends with a slightly sigmoid curve from the posterior base of the eye lobe outward and backward to the furrow within the rather broad posterior margin of No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 4] the free cheek; it there cuts directly across the lobe, leaving a short portion of the broad margin extending obliquely forward and outward to the base of the postero-lateral spine; in front of the palpebral lobe the facial suture extends forward and slightly outward to the front margin. There are several specimens of an hypostoma associated with the species that appear to belong to it. The central portion is convex, subovate, and crossed toward the front by a strong furrow subparallel to the rounded front margin; a narrow rim surrounds the front and expands into two ear-like flattened projections opposite the strong fur- row crossing the central portion; the margin then contracts so as to leave a narrow, rounded rim opposite the convex portion of the pos- terior part of the central body; it then expands so as to form a subtriangular limb on each side at the postero-lateral angles of the hypostoma. This hypostoma is of the same type as that of Damesella blackweldert. The associated pygidium is transversely semicircular, with a spinose margin and convex conical axis. The axis is divided into five rings and a subtriangular terminal portion by five transverse furrows; the two anterior rings are rather convex, while the three posterior are but slightly defined by shallow, narrow, transverse furrows. The pleural lobes are slightly convex out to the geniculation, where the slope is somewhat abruptly downward to the end of the falcate termination of the segment outlined on the lobe; the furrows crossing the axis extend out on the pleural lobes, so as to define a narrow anterior segment and four posterior segments and a central portion extending down from the axis; each of the segments terminates in a faleate, backward-cury- ing, short, flat spine, of which there are six on each side, one for each of the segments and two back of the axis; there does not appear to be any clear indication of a border, as the space is occupied entirely by the segments and their falcate ends. The surface of the glabella, fixed cheeks, free cheeks, and occipital ring is marked by numerous, rather closely set, depressed pustules, between and on which there are very fine puncte, as determined by : strong lens. The surface of the pygidium is marked by strong pus- tules or granules that are thickly set on the segments but not on the furrows. There appears to be considerable difference in the strength and size of the granules on different specimens. This may be simply a matter of the state of preservation, or the amount of wear to which the crust has been subjected, or it may indicate a variety or even a different species. A head 3 mm. in length has a width of 5 mm. at the exterior of the palpebral lobes, and a width at the base of the glabella of 2 mm. Observations. —The pygidium illustrated by M. Bergeron and named Dicellocephalus ? sinensis,“ which occurs at this same stratigraphic ¢ Bull. Soc. Géol. de France, 3d ser., XX VII, 1899, p. 48. 49 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. horizon in China appears to resemble more closely than any other form the pygidium of this species. As illustrated and described by M. Bergeron it differs from Damesella chione in its shorter axis, five instead of six spines on the margin, and a smooth instead of granulose surface. Dumesella chione has a head of essentially the same type as that of ). blackwelder?; bat the pygidium differs in having its anchy- losed segments extending out directly across the border into the falcate spinose ends, instead of stopping within the border and having spines representing the extension of the segments extending outward from the border. Specimens of Drepanura Bergeron and Agnostus douvillei Bergeron are associated with Damesella chione, and Ptychoparia ceus Walcott and Shangtungia spinifera Walcott occur at the same horizon and in many instances on the same hand specimen with PD. chione. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Ku San shale forma- tion; 2.5 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, and in isolated hills 12 miles S. 80° E. of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus AGRAULOS Corda. AGRAULOS ABARIS, new species. Glabella and fixed cheeks convex, subrhomboidal in outline and strongly rounded in front. Glabella moderately convex; sides slightly converging; front broadly rounded; surface marked by three short and very slightly impressed furrows; occipital furrow shallow and arching slightly forward at the center. Occipital ring narrow at the sides, gradually increasing in width to the broad base and a strong occipital spine. Fixed cheeks slightly convex, about half the width of the glabella; between the glabella and palpebral lobes the cheeks are almost flat; posteriorly they slope rapidly downward to the short postero-lateral limbs; in front they also slope rapidly downward and merge into the frontal limb; palpebral lobes small; ocular ridges narrow and faintly defined; frontal limb slightly prominent at the central portions, where it merges into the rounded frontal rim, the line of demarcation between the two being very slightly defined; at the sides the frontal rim narrows and is elevated above the lateral extension of the frontal limh; dorsal furrows very distinctly defined. Surface apparently smooth under a strong lens, with the exception of very indistinct irregular lines that radiate from the front of the elabella outward across the frontal limb. The one specimen of this species in the collection has a length of 5mm. exclusive of the occipital spine. The width at the palpebral No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 43 lobes is 5 mm. This species is clearly separated from other forms by its strongly detined glabella and prominent limb, which is formed by the union of the true limb and the frontal margin. Formation and locality.—Lower portion of Chang Hsia formation near base of oolitic limestone. Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. AGRAULOS ABROTA, new species. This species is represented by several small heads exclusive of the fixed cheeks. It is closely related to Agraulos dryas but differs from it in the greater width, stronger convexity of the glabella and greater downward slope of the frontal margin. The surface is also more minutely punctate than that of Agraulos dryas. Largest specimen is a little less than 3 mm. in length. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Lower portion of Chang Hsia limestone. In gray oolitic limestone, Chang Hsia, Shang- tung, China. Collected by Ehot Blackwelder, Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. AGRAULOS ACALLE, new species. Central portions of head, exclusive of free cheeks, moderately con- vex. Glabella truncato-conical, convex, short, scarcely more than one-half the length of the head, and without traces of furrows; occipi- tal furrow not much more than a depressed line; occipital ring broad, almost subtriangular in outline, and rising at the center to a small node. Fixed cheeks about as wide as the glabella, strongly convex, and merging into a frontal limb of about equal width and convexity; pal- pebral lobe minute, situated opposite the central portions of the gla- bella; postero-lateral limbs short and marked by a narrow furrow parallel to the margin. Surface smooth under astrong lens. The heads vary in length from 3to 4mm. A specimen 3 mm. in length has a width of 2.5 mm. at the palpebral lobes. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. In gray crystalline limestone, 3.25 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtune, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, AGRAULOS AGENOR, new species. Glabella slightly truncato-conical, strongly convex; occipital furrow rounded, clearly defined; occipital ring slightly convex, subtriangular in outline, narrow at the sides and broadening out to an obtuse spine behind; dorsal furrow narrow and clearly defined. Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella, convex, rising from the dorsal furrow and arching down to a small palpebral lobe; the fixed cheeks slope rapidly backward to a short postero- lateral limb, and anteriorly to a rather broad, very slightly convex frontal limb; a rather deep, narrow furrow occurs within the elevated margin of the postero-lateral limb. Surface minutely punctate under a strong magnifier, the puncte formed apparently by an irregular network of elevated lines. The only specimen of the head representing this species has a length of 2.5 mm. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Chang Hsia formation, about 50 feet below the Ku San formation, in conglomeratoid lime- stone. Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. | ° AGRAULOS DIRCE, new species. This species is represented by the central portions of the head, exclusive of the fixed cheeks. The surface is depressed, convex, with the glabella rising but little above the general surface at the front, and but moderately convex at the base. Glabella truncato-conical, indistinetly defined from the frontal rim and at its base from the occipital ring; without traces of furrows; occipital furrow indicated only by the very slight convexity of the occipital ring. Fixed cheeks about three-fourths of the width of the glabella; pos- teriorly they merge into the short postero-lateral limbs and toward the front into the broad, gently convex, frontal limb, which continues uninterruptedly to the anterior margin of the head; palpebral lobes small; ocular ridges indicated by a dropping down of the fixed cheek at the place where the ridges usually occur. This species recalls the general form of Agraulos strenuus Billings; it differs in being less convex, in its broader fixed cheek and short occipital ring. It also differs in its wider fixed cheeks from Agraulos dolon, Which occurs at about the same geologic horizon. The largest head in the collection has a length of 11 mm. and the same width at the palpebral lobes. No. 1415, CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 45 Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Lower portion of Chang Hsia formation near base of oolitic limestone; 3 miles north- northeast of Hsin Tai Hsien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. AGRAULOS DIVI, new species. This species is represented by portions of the central parts of the head. The glabella is convex, truncato-conical in outline, the width at the base and the length being the same; three pairs of glabellar furrows are very slightly indicated; occipital furrow shallow and broad; occipital ring narrow at the sides, gradually widening toward the center, very slightly convex, and without an occipital spine. Fixed cheeks about as wide as the front end of the glabella and nearly flat opposite the palpebral lobes; posteriorly they slope slightly into a strong groove parallel to the posterior margin, and in front the slope is slight down to a broad, slightly indicated, transverse furrow. Palpebral lobes unknown, only a trace of the ocular ridge is shown; frontal limb convex, broad, and extending to the frontal margin with- out any trace of a line of demarcation between it and the frontal rim; a broad, shallow, transverse furrow extends in front of the glabella and outward across the cheeks below and in front of the ocular ridges; dorsal furrow broad and shallow; surface finely papillose under a strong lens. The largest head of the collection has a length of 9 mm. This species is characterized by its short glabella, broad dorsal fur- row, transverse furrow in front of the glabella, and strong frontal limb. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Either base of Chang Hsia formation or in passage beds between the Man To formation and the Chang Hsia formation; 3.2 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. AGRAULOS DOLON, new species. This species is represented by the central portion of the head, exclu- sive of the free cheeks. The glabella and fixed cheeks are convex, somewhat rhomboidal in outline; glabella convex, narrowing slightly toward the broadly rounded frontal margin; posteriorly it is separated from the occipital ring by a very faint, narrow furrow; there are no traces of glabellar furrows; occipital ring strong, and merged into the broad, subtriangular base of a strong, short spine; dorsal furrows shal- low, but sufficiently strong to mark the line of demarcation between the glabella, fixed cheeks, and frontal limb. 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, Fixed cheeks a little more than half the width of the glabella, rising rapidly from the facial suture and merging into the frontal limb anteriorly and into the short postero-lateral limbs at the back; palpe- bral lobes small and narrow; ocular ridges broad but faintly defined; they extend from the antero-lateral angle of the glabella outward and slightly backward to where they unite with the palpebral lobe; frontal limb slightly convex from the front of the glabella to the broadly rounded front margin. Surface apparently smooth. The largest specimen in the collection has a length of 9 mm., exclusive of the occipital spine. This species strongly suggests Agraulos strenuus Billings from the paradoxides zone of Newfoundland; it differs in the form of the frontal limb and border. In A. dolon the frontal limb arches gently down- ward and forward to the margin, while in A. strenwus it is nearly flat and slightly convex between the glabellaand the margin. The glabella of the latter is also proportionally longer. It differs from Agraulos dirce in its greater convexity, more clearly defined glabella, and strong occipital spine. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian. Lower portion of Chang Hsia formation near base of oolitic limestone; 2.2 miles south- west of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. AGRAULOS DRYAS, new species. Glabella and fixed cheeks convex; rhomboidal in outline. Glabella convex, short, narrowing slightly toward the rounded front, without traces of furrows; occipital furrow broad, very faintly defined; occip- ital ring very narrow at the sides, broadening out rapidly to a blunt point so as to be almost triangular. Fixed cheeks about two-thirds the width of the glabella, and sloping slightly downward to the small palpebral lobes which are situated about midway between the posterior and the front margin of the head; back of the palpebral lobe the fixed cheeks slope rapidly to broad, short, postero-lateral limbs; palpebral lobes short; form unknown; ocular ridges not distinguished on the downward slope of the fixed cheeks toward the frontal limb; frontal limb and frontal rim nearly as long as the glabella; very slightly convex and separated from each other by a shallow, slightly defined depression; dorsal furrow shallow but clearly defined. Entire surface marked by numerous, rather strong, puncte; also very fine, almost microscopic, irregular, elevated more or less concen- tric, striz on the glabelia. Length of head 3.5 mm. This species is represented by one specimen. It is strongly char- acterized by its punctate surface and general form. No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 47 Formation and locality.—Central portion of Chang Hsia formation, near the top of the oolitic limestone; 1 mile west of Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus ANOMOCARE Angelin. ANOMOCARE ALCINOE, new species. This species is represented by a single specimen, preserving the anterior portions of the central part of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks. These parts indicate that the head was large, moderately convex, and longitudinally quadrilateral, exclusive of the free cheeks. Glabella slightly convex, rising gently from the dorsal furrow toward the center; faint indications of three pairs of glabellar fur- rows are shown by reflected light over the smooth surface; sides sub- parallel to the rather broadly rounded front; occipital furrow and ring unknown. Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella, nearly flat opposite the palpebral lobes, and sloping gently to the frontal limb, into which they merge in front of the palpebral lobe; the ocular ridge, starting just, back of the antero-lateral angle of the glabella, extends obliquely out to the narrow palpebral lobe; frontal limb nearly flat; it slopes gently from the glabella and palpebral lobes to a raised line which separates it from the broad, slightly concave frontal rim. The surface appears to be smooth under a strong lens. ° An associated pygidium has a broad planulate margin and convex axis, with slight indications of about six segments. The most nearly related form from China is A. decelus. In the latter form the frontal rim is slightly convex, while in A. a/eznoe it is slightly concave. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, upper portion of the Chang Hsia formation, in limestone nodules; 3 miles south of Kao Chia Pu, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ANOMOCARE BERGIONI, new species. Head, exclusive of the free cheeks, longitudinally sub-quadrilateral, convex. Glabella truncato-conical, moderately convex, and marked in the cast by two pairs of glabellar furrows; also a low, rounded, median ridge; sides slightly arched outward opposite the palpebral lobes; front broadly rounded; occipital furrow deep, rounded, and arching forward slightly at the middle; occipital ring narrow and rising at the center to form the base of a rather strong spine; dorsal furrow strong at sides and less so at the front. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX Fixed cheeks very narrow, forming little more than a convex ridge between the dorsal furrow and the furrow within the palpebral lobe; they slope rapidly to the front, merging into the frontal limb, and pos- teriorly downward to a very short postero-lateral limb; palpebral lobes narrow, about one-third the length of the head; ocular ridge low and merging into the rim of the palpebral lobe; frontal limb short and sloping downward to a slightly convex frontal rim that is about twice as wide as the frontal limb in front of the glabella; the line of demar- cation between the frontal limb and rim is little more than a change in direction of the slope, the slope of the rim being less. The outer crust is exfoliated over most of the head. Where pre- served, the outer surface is smooth under a strong lens. The length of the head of the. type specimen is 12 mm.; the glabella, exclusive of the occipital groove, 6 mm.; frontal limb, 1 mm.; frontal rim, 2 mm. This species is doubtfully referred to the genus Anomocare, as the glabella does not have the parallel sides so characteristic of that genus and the palpebral lobes are rather short. The reference to Anomocare is based on the character of the frontal rim, narrow fixed cheeks, and the general configuration of the glabella. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, Chao Mi Tien forma- tion, in coarse, gray limestone; 9 miles north of Hsin Tai Hsien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ANOMOCARE BIANOS, new species. This species is represented by a portion of the glabella and the frontal limb. The glabella appears to have been quadrilateral in outline, broadly rounded in front, and moderately convex. It is marked in the cast of the interior by very slight traces of three pairs of short glabellar furrows and a very slight, narrow, median ridge; dorsal furrow shallow, but well marked; frontal limb nearly flat for a - distance of 2 mm. in front of the glabella, where it curves downward at an angle of about 45° fora distance of 3.5 mm. It is quite probable that at the angle between the flat portion and the sloping front there was some indication on the outer crust of a division between the two parts; if so, the shorter inner portion would be the frontal limb, and the sloping outer portion the flat frontal rim. Exterior surface unknown. This species is very clearly characterized by the form of the frontal limb. formation und locality.—Upper Cambrian, upper portion of the Chao Mi Tien formation, in'a'hard gray limestone; 2.7 miles south- west of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 49 ANOMOCARE BISTON, new species. This species is represented by some fragments of the central portion of a head. Glabella moderately convex, subquadrilateral in outline, narrowing slightly toward the broadly rounded, almost transverse front; surface marked by three pairs of slightly impressed short fur- rows; occipital furrow rounded, distinctly marked, transverse; ocei- pital ring narrow at the sides, broadening toward the center to form the base of a moderately strong spine; dorsal furrow narrow, rounded, and distinct. Fixed cheeks narrow, scarcely more than a ridge between the dorsal furrow and the palpebral lobe; palpebral lobe about one-third the length of the head, separated from the fixed cheek by a narrow, deep groove; ocular ridge short, distinct, and merging into the rim of the palpebral lobe; postero-lateral limb about as long as the width of the elabella, narrow, and marked by a longitudinal groove. In front of the glabella a narrow frontal limb slopes downward to a slightly con- vex, flattened frontal rim about three times as long as the frontal limb. Surface minutely punctate. Length of the largest head, exclusive of the occipital spine, 8 mm. This little species appears to be quite distinct from any other form of the genus. Its narrow fixed cheeks, relatively large eye lobe, and flattened frontal rim are the characteristics upon which it is referred to Anomocare. Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, in the lower half of the Chang Hsia formation, in a compact gray limestone; 2 miles south of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ANOMOCARE (?) BUTES, new species. General form of head semicircular, moderately convex. Glabella sub-quadrilateral in outline, narrowing slightly toward the nearly transverse front; marked by three pairs of slightly impressed short furrows and a low, narrow, median ridge; occipital furrow shallow, rounded, and arching very slightly toward the center; occipital ring slightly convex and of moderate width throughout, marked by a minute pointed node at the center; dorsal furrow rounded, distinct. Fixed cheeks less than one-half the width of the glabella; they rise with a gentle slope from the dorsal furrow to the furrow within the rim of the palpebral lobe, slope back into the postero-lateral limb, and somewhat abruptly downward in front of the ocular ridge into the frontal limb; ocular ridge clearly defined and merging into the rim of the palpebral lobe; the latter is a little more than one-third the length of the head; postero-lateral limb nearly as long as the width of the Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, glabella at the base, narrow, and marked by a strong groove within the rounded posterior margin; frontal limb slightly convex and cury- ing downward to the flattened frontal rim; the rim is a little longer than the length of the limb in front of the glabella, and the line of demarcation between the limb and the rim is little more than the angle formed by the union of the nearly flat rim with the inclined frontal limb. Free cheeks irregularly triangular; marginal border flattened, strong, and produced behind into a strong, flattened spine; central area slightly convex, and rising rather abruptly to the base of the eye lobe; anteriorly the border of the cheeks narrows to a slender point. Thorax unknown. Associated pygidium semicircular in outline, convex; axis convex, about two-thirds the length of the pygidium, and divided by four furrows into four rings and a terminal, longer ring, upon which a slight depression on each side indicates a fifth furrow; the pleural lobes extend out about one-half of the distance nearly flat, and then curve somewhat abruptly downward to a rather broad, flattened mar- gin, into which they merge; the four grooves on the axis and the fifth groove just within the interior margin extend across the pleural lobes, dying out on the flattened margin. Two small nodes occur at the posterior end of the axis, through which a low, broad, rounded ridge extends backward and downward into the flattened margin. Surface minutely punctate under a strong lens; fine, radiating, irregular, elevated lines cross the frontal limb from the furrow in front of the glabella and the ocular ridge to the flattened frontal rim, and also from the base of the eye lobe to the margin of the free cheeks. This species varies from the described forms in the broad, relatively short glabella and the configuration of the frontal rim and limb. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, lower portion of Chang Hsia formation, in a gray, fossiliferous limestone; 3.2 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. : ANOMOCARE ? DAULIS, new species. Of this species the central portions of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks and associated pygidium, are known. Glabella rather strongly conyex and faintly marked by three pairs of furrows; it narrows slightly toward the rounded front; occipital furrow narrow and curving slightly forward at the center; occipital ring of medium and nearly uniform width from side to side; dorsal furrow shallow and rounded; posteriorly the latter separates a narrow, elongated lobe from the side of the glabella, and joins the occipital furrow; the nar row lobe mentioned extends backward to the occipital furrow and No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. om laterally merges into the fixed cheek; from another point of view the dorsal furrow might be considered to pass outside of the narrow, elongate lobe, near the base of the glabella, and the furrow between the glabella and the elongate lobe would then be an inner division of the dorsal furrow. The surface of the glabella is somewhat irregular on account of the lateral furrows, and a rather rounded, broad longi- tudinal ridge which extends its entire length. Fixed cheeks less than half the width of the glabella; they rise from the dorsal furrow and merge into the large eye lobe, and anteriorly are divided by the strong ocular ridge which passes into the strong palpebral lobe; in front of the ocular ridge the cheeks slope down- ward to a second ridge which extends from the front line of the gla- bella sub-parallel to the ocular ridge as far as the facial sutures; frontal limb relatively long, slightly concave to the narrow, very slightly rounded rim; postero-lateral limbs short and marked by a strong curve within the narrow posterior rim. Surface smooth under a strong lens. The associated pygidium has a strong central axis marked by five or six rings that are very distinct on the broad planulate margins. This species is strongly characterized by its peculiar glabella with the elongate, narrow lobes near its base; also by the broad, slightly convex frontal rim. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Upper part of Chang Hsia limestone, Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ANOMOCARE DAUNUS, new species. This species is represented by a portion of the glabella and frontal limb, and a fragment of alarge, free cheek associated with it; also an associated pygidium which has the same characteristic surface marking. Glabella slightly convex and marked by three pairs of very faintly indicated furrows; it ee a length of 16 mm. with a width of 12mm. near the base; it narrows slightly toward the rounded front; a fragment of the fixed cheek indicates that the latter was nearly flat between the glabella and palpebral lobe; the frontal lobe is nearly flat for a distance of 4mm., when it slopes downward to the thickened frontal rim, no line of demarcation distinguishing the frontal rim. The free cheek indicates a moderate convexity for the head; also that the margin, which is very narrow at the front, widens out grad- ually toward the postero-lateral angle of the head; the base of the eye lobe shows that the palpebral lobe and eye were relatively small; the line of facial suture, as shown by the free cheek, shows that the postero- lateral limb of the fixed cheek was large and more than half the width of the cheek; also that the antero-lateral limb was strong. bY PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOD) Koxuxe The surface of the glabella is marked by shallow pits varying greatly in size and form; the pits are so closely crowded that the lines of demarcation between them in places form an irregular network; on the posterior portions of the glabella, also on the frontal limb, the shallow pits are more or less scattered, giving a somewhat coarsely punctate appearance; the fixed cheeks and free cheeks are marked by strong, but not large, pits or puncte, scattered somewhat thickly over the surface; the surface of the associated pygidium is much like that of the cheeks. The associated pygidium has a width of 26 mm. and a length of 12 mm.; it is moderately convex with a prominent axial lobe and a broad, slightly concave border that merges above the slightly convex pleural lobes. Axial lobe convex with the elevated portion about five- sixths of the length of the glabella; it slopes abruptly downward and backward from the elevated portion to a low slightly convex termina- tion near the posterior margin; divided by five well-marked transverse furrows that separate it into five segments and an obtuse terminal segment which has two rather large, rounded nodes, outlined by a slight depression at the center; the pleural lobes are grooved by the extension of the furrows crossing the axis; also by pleural grooves, both of which extend outward across the pleural lobe and curve back- ward across the broad, planulate border of the margin. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Lower portion of Chang Hsia limestone, in green nodular shales of the horizon of the oolitic limestone at the base of the Chang Hsia formation; 2 miles south of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ANOMOCARE DECELUS, new species. Of this species only the anterior central portions of the head are known. It is characterized by a broad, nearly flat, frontal rim that, with the frontal limb in front of the glabella, has a slightly convex slope interrupted only by a shallow, narrow groove; the frontal limb is ornamented with raised, narrow, irregular, more or less inosculat- ing lines that radiate from the front of the glabella and ocular ridges down to the narrow groove separating the limb from the frontal margin. The fixed cheeks are about half the width of the glabella. They are nearly flat and interrupted by a rather strong ocular ridge. The elabella is large, broadly rounded in front, with the sides sub-parallel from opposite the center of the palpebral lobes to the broadly rounded front. The palpebral lobes and posterior portions of the head are broken away in the only specimen known, No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 53 This species is associated with Anomocare minus Dames, from which it differs in the character of the frontal limb and margin, in which respects it also differs from Anomocare temenus and Anomocare tutian. It may also be compared with the form from the St. Croix sandstones of Wisconsin, illustrated by James Hall as Conocephalites diadematus," and with A. a@cinoe, from which it differs in having a convex frontal rim instead of concave. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Reddish limestone near base of Chang Hsia formation in oolitic limestone. Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ANOMOCARE TATIAN, new species. This species is most closely related to Anomocare temenus. It differs from it in having a proportionately more convex and broader glabella and stronger dorsal furrows. The associated pygidium is also longer in proportion to its width, and it has eight or nine segments in its axis. The largest head has a length of 13 mm. exclusive of the frontal rim, which is somewhat broken. This probably had a width of about 2mm. A glabella 10 mm. in length has a width of 8.5 mm. at the base and 7 mm. at the broadly rounded front. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Near base of Chang Hsia formation in gray oolitic series. Chang Hsia, Shangtung:, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ANOMOCARE TEMENUS, new species. Head large, moderately convex, and transversely quadrilateral, exclusive of the free cheeks. Glabella slightly convex, rising gently from the dorsal furrow to the center, which is marked by a narrow, longitudinal ridge. A glabella 14 mm. in length has a width of 103 mm. at the base and 8 mm. at the rounded frontal margin; indications of three pairs of glabellar furrows are shown by reflected light over the smooth surface; occipital furrow very shallow, scarcely more than indicating the line of demarcation between the glabella and the rather narrow occipital ring; dorsal furrows shallow. Fixed cheeks narrow and nearly flat; they merge laterally into the large palpebral lobe and posteriorly slope down rapidly to the poste- rior margin; ocular ridges low, rather broad, and clearly marking the division between the central portion of the free cheeks and the rapid slope to the frontal rim; frontal limb in front of the glabella narrower than the frontal rim; it is slightly convex and merges into the narrow 416th An. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., 1863, pl. vir, figs. 36, 37. 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. furrow between it and the rather broad frontal rim; the latter 3 in a head 21 mm. in length is 834 mm. long; postero-lateral limbs narrow, with a length about equal to the width of the base of the glabella. A strong furrow divides it about midway, parallel to the posterior margin. Minute scattered pores are shown on the surface under a strong lens. The associated pygidium has a broad planulate margin, convex axis, and slight indications of three or four segments. The most nearly related form from China is A. planwm Dames. This species differs from the latter in its narrower fixed cheeks and larger glabella. Formation and locality.x—Middle Cambrian. Upper portion of Chang Hsia formation in oolitic limestone, about a mile southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus ANOMOCARELLA, new genus. Anomocarella is proposed to include three species from the Middle Cambrian of China that differ from Anomocare in the absence of glabel- lar furrows and the presence of a relatively narrow, flattened frontal rim. The sides of the glabella are parallel, palpebral lobes of medium size, and ocular ridges more or less clearly defined. The associated pygidium has a narrow conical axis, marked by several transverse furrows which extend out on the pleural lobes and more faintly on the sloping rim. Genotype.—Anomocarella chinensis. Two other species are referred to this genus: A. albion and A. baucis, the latter with some doubt. ANOMOCARELLA ALBION, new species. This species is represented by three more or less imperfect speci- mens of the head exclusive of the free cheeks. These indicate that the head was of moderate convexity and semicircular in outline. Glabella moderately convex, with a gentle and nearly uniform curvature from side to side; on one specimen three pairs of glabellar furrows are very faintly indicated; the sides of the glabella arch slightly inward between the base and the rounded front; occipital furrow shallow, rounded, slightly separating from the glabella a very slightly convex occipital ring; dorsal suture narrow, but distinctly marked. Fixed cheeks a little less than one-half the width of the glabella and uearly flat; they merge into the furrow within the palpebral lobe and NO, 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUI TAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 55 posteriorly slope gently downward to the posterior margin; ocular ridges low, rounded, and merging into the flattened palpebral lobes; in front of the ocular ridges the cheeks are interrupted by an obliquely transverse ridge that extends subparallel to the ocular ridge to the front of the glabella, where it merges into the frontal limb; frontal limb very narrow, sloping rather abruptly downward from the dorsal furrow to a narrow furrow separating it from a broad, slightly down- ward-sloping, nearly flat, frontal rim; postero-lateral limb short and marked by a shallow furrow parallel to the posterior margin. Surface minutely punctate under a strong lens. The largest head of this species has a length of 18 mm. with a width at the palpebral lobes of 19 mm. This large species differs from other forms by the very narrow frontal limb and the flat, downward-sloping frontal rim. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, lower central portion of Chang Hsia formation, in thin-bedded limestone interbedded with shale; 2 miles south of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ANOMOCARELLA BAUCIS, new species. This species is represented by a single specimen of about one-half of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks. This specimen indicates a moderately convex head, somewhat longitudinally quadrilateral in outline. Glabelia moderately convex, with the sides converging slightly toward the front; surface apparently free from furrows; occipital furrow broad, shallow, slightly curving forward near the center; occipital ring low, strong, and slightly convex; dorsal furrow shallow, not clearly defined. Fixed cheeks a little more than one-half the width of the glabella, nearly flat out to the elevated palpebral lobe and sloping with mod- erate rapidity to the posterior margin. Ocular ridge low, narrow, and merging into the strong palpebral lobe, which is about one-third the length of the head; frontal limb narrow in front of the glabella, widening at the sides in front of the ocular ridges; it slopes gently down to a rounded shallow furrow that separates it from a slightly convex frontal rim, that is broader than the frontal limb in front of the glabella; postero-lateral limb narrow, about as long as the width of the fixed cheek, and marked by a rather strong border and shallow furrow parallel to the border. Surface marked by scattered puncte and very fine punctz visible only with the aid of a strong lens. This species is characterized by the shallow, rounded dorsal furrow, elevated palpebral lobe, and the smooth, slightly convex frontal rim. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, upper portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, in grayish-brown, coarse limestone. Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ANOMOCARELLA (?) BURA, new species. This species is represented by the central portions of a single head. Glabella convex, subquadrilateral, arching very gently from the oceip- ital ring forward, and near the front rather more rapidly downward to the furrow within the frontal rim; without traces of glabellar fur- rows; occipital furrow narrow, clearly defined; occipital ring rather wide, slightly convex, and projecting a little backward at the center; dorsal furrow shallow, narrow, but clearly defined. Fixed cheeks about one-fourth the width of the glabella; palpebral lobe more than one-third the length of the head, with a relatively broad outer rim, outlined by a very narrow, faintly defined furrow; ocular ridge short, broad, low, and merging into the palpebral lobe; postero-lateral limb short; frontal rim slightly rounded, separated from the glabella and fixed cheeks by a narrow furrow. Surface apparently smooth, but with a few scattered, very fine puncte as seen with a strong lens. The type and only specimen has a length of 8 mm. The generic reference of this species is doubtful, as the frontal limb is absent. The quadrangular, smooth glabella, relatively large palpe- bral lobes, and narrow fixed cheeks relate it more closely to Anomo- carella than to other genera. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, upper portion of Chang Hsia formation, in oolitic limestone; Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ANOMOCARELLA CARME, new species. Outline of head, exclusive of free cheeks, elongate quadrilateral, moderately convex. ‘The convexity of the glabella is so slight that it is scarcely raised above the general surface of the head; its outline is truncato-conical, with the front rounded; the interior cast appears to be without traces of furrows; occipital furrow transverse, narrow, rounded, and shallow; occipital ring of medium width, slightly con- vex; dorsal furrow lightly impressed on the sides of the glabella and scarcely perceptible in front of it. Fixed cheeks narrow, scarcely more than a line in front of the pal- pebral lobes; they widen out slightly in front and merge into the frontal limb, and posteriorly into the postero-lateral limb; postero- lateral limbs narrow, length unknown; frontal limb broad, slightly NO. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 57 convex, sloping obliquely downward and passing into the smooth, nearly flat frontal rim-almost without interruption from the very shallow transverse furrow; palpebral lobes small, about one-third the length of the glabella. The only surface markings are the fine, irregular lines that extend from in front of the glabella outward across the broad frontal limb to the frontal rim. The type and only specimen of the head in the col- lection has a length of 11.5 mm., with a width at the palpebral lobes of 8mm; the glabella is 6 mm. in length, the frontal limb 2mm., frontal rim 1.5 mm., and occipital ring and furrow 2 mm. This species is somewhat doubtfully referred to Anomocarella, as the frontal limb and rim are relatively long. It resembles Anomoca- rella chinensis in the narrow fixed cheeks and the absence of glabellar furrows. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, in gray, crystalline, fossiliferous lime ‘tone; Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ANOMOCARELLA CHINENSIS, new species. Head of medium size, moderately convex, and longitudinally irregu- larly quadrilateral, exclusive of the free cheeks. Glabella moderately convex, rising gently from the dorsal furrow toward the center, so as to give it a slightly ridged appearance. A glabella 5 mm. in width has a length of 7 mm., exclusive of the occipital ring; surface appar- ently smooth; occipital furrow very slightly defined; occipital ring broad, very slightly convex, with a slight node a little in advance of the center; dorsal furrow shallow, but distinct on the sides and in front of the glabella. Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella, slightly con- vex; they merge laterally into the furrow outlining the palpebral lobe, and posteriorly slope rapidly to the posterior margin; ocular ridges low, rounded, and passing outward and merging into the narrow palpebral lobe; they clearly mark the division between the central portion of the fixed cheeks and the rapid slope to the frontal rim; palpebral lobes about one-third the length of the head; frontal limb narrow in front of the glabella, widening out at the sides and sloping downward with a gentle convexity; frontal rim nearly flat, separated from the frontal limb by a shallow furrow that curves slightly back- ward near the center so as to form an obtuse angle. In some exam- ples there is a slight deepening of the furrow on each side of the incurved portion of the frontal rim; postero-lateral limbs short, and marked by a rather shallow, broad furrow parallel to their posterior margin. 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX,. Surface minutely punctate under a strong lens. The largest speci- men of the head has a length of 12 mm. The associated pygidium has a narrow, planulate margin and rather narrow convex axis, marked by five transverse furrows, which divide it into five rings, and a small terminal portion; the furrows extend across the pleural lobes and faintly on the margin. The most nearly related form is A. a/bion. The latter differs in having a proportion- ately shorter frontal limb and rim, and in the form of the glabella. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, lower central portion of Chang Hsia formation, in limestone interbedded in a green nodular shale; 2 and 2.5 miles south of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus ARIONELLUS Barrande. ARIONELLUS AGONIUS, new species. Central portion of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks, irregularly sub-quadrilateral, convex. Glabella moderately convex, narrowing slightly toward the front; length and width at the base nearly the same; by reflected light traces of two pairs of glabella furrows may be seen; occipital furrow narrow and shallow; occipital ring narrow at the sides, becoming stronger toward the center, which rises to form the base of a short, strong, backward-sloping spine; dorsal furrow narrow and clearly defined. Fixed cheeks narrow and nearly flat at the palpebral lobes; they slope rapidly in front toward the frontal margin, and backward toward the postero-lateral limb; palpebral lobes narrow, about one-third the length of the head; frontal limb narrow directly in front of the glabella and rounding over to the rounded frontal rim. Surface smooth under a strong lens. The type specimen has a length of 4 mm., with a slightly greater width at the palpebral lobes. This species differs from A. a/ala in having a thickened, rounded frontal rim and a proportionately wider glabella. From A. ajawx it differs in being broader and in the presence of an occipital spine. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, lower-central portion of the Chang Hsia formation, in thin layers of limestone interbedded in the green shale; Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ARIONELLUS AJAX, new species. Outline of head, exclusive of free cheeks, sub-rhomboidal, convex. Glabella moderately and uniformly convex, sides converging very shghtly from the base to the rounded front; slight traces of short No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 59 furrows are aio n ony reflected light: oc aie Panto a faint trans- verse depression that separates the glabella from a fairly strong, slightly convex occipital ring; dorsal furrow narrow but clearly defined. Fixed cheeks very narrow and sloping away from the glabella toward the palpebral lobes; posteriorly they slope downward into a rather large postero-lateral limb; anteriorly they slope rapidly to the frontal limb; palpebral lobes prominent, about one-fourth the length of the head; frontal limb gently convex, rounded in front, and with- out traces of a frontal rim. Surface smooth under a strong lens. The type specimen has a leneth of 4 mm. In form the head of this species is somewhat like that of A. a/ala. It differs in the absence of an occipital spine and in being proportion- ately somewhat narrower. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, central portion of the Chang Hsia formation, in gray crystalline limestone; 3.25 miles south- west of Yen Chuang, ais Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ARIONELLUS ALALA, new species. In general form and proportion the central parts of the head of this species are much like A. agonius. They differ in the proportionately smaller, elongate glabella, nearly flat frontal limb, and a thin instead of a rounded margin. ~ Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, central portion of the Chang Hsia formation, in gray limestone; Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. A somewhat similar and possibly identical form occurs at about the same horizon near Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus MENOCEPHALUS Owen. Menocephalus Owrn, Geol. Sury. Wisconsin, Lowa, and Minnesota, 1852, p. 57 Doctor Owen proposed this genus for trilobites having a iif convex, hemispherical glabella, with a narrow border and a broadly rounded front; cheeks tumid. I have referred to this genus, more or less provisionally, several species in which only the central portions of the head are pre- served. Further study, or the study of more perfect specimens, will undoubtedly lead to the reference of some of them to other genera. 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. MENOCEPHALUS ACERIUS, new species. This species is represented by a single specimen of the glabella, fixed cheek, and frontal limb. The glabella is moderately convex, broadly truncato-conical in outline, and marked by two pairs of faintly impressed, short furrows; the sides approach each other slightly toward the broadly rounded front; occipital furrow rounded and distinct; occi- pital ring moderately convex and a little wider than the occipital furrow; dorsal furrow well defined. Fixed cheeks, convex, about two-thirds the width of the glabella; they slope rather rapidly downward to the frontal rim and less so to the postero-lateral limb; ocular ridge not distinctly defined; palpebral lobes small; frontal rim separated from the glabella and fixed cheeks by a strong, narrow furrow; the rim is rounded and of about the same width as the occipital ring. Surface covered with pustules perceptible to the unaided eye. The head of the type specimen has a length of 10 mm.; the frontal rim and occipital ring are each about 1mm. in width. This species is referred to the genus Menocephalus on account of the small palpebral lobes, pustulose surface, and the absence of a frontal limb. It differs from the type form in having a less convex, more elongated glabella. Formation and locality.-_Middle Cambrian, upper portion of the Chang Hsia formation, in a coarse, grayish limestone; a mile east of Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. MENOCEPHALUS ACIS, new species. Glabella prominent, convex, narrowing slightly from its base toward the broadly rounded front; occipital furrow narrow, deep, and separating a rather strong, rounded, occipital ring; dorsal furrow nar- row and strongly defined. Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella, moderately convex to the base of the palpebral lobe; posteriorly they slope rapidly to the furrow within the posterior margin; anteriorly, rapidly to the frontal rim; palpebral lobe small and somewhat elevated; frontal rim narrow, rounded, and separated from the glabella by the narrow dor- sal furrow. Surface marked by rather strong scattered granules. The only specimen representing this species has a length of 5 mm. This species is characterized by its narrow, wire-like frontal rim and the scattered granules on its outer surface. No. 1415. 'AMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 61 Hsia formation, in granular gray limestone; Chao Mi Tien, Shang- tung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. MENOCEPHALUS ADMETA, new species. Glabella strongly convex, with sub-parallel sides and rounded front; occipital furrow narrow and deep; occipital ring narrow at sides, increasing in width toward the center, slightly convex, rising with a backward slope from the bottom of the occipital groove; dorsal fur- row narrow and strongly defined. Fixed cheeks about two-thirds of the width of the glabella, slightly convex opposite the palpebral lobe, and sloping downward to a strong furrow within the rounded rim of the short postero-lateral limb; frontal rim narrow and slightly rounded. Surface apparently minutely punctate under a strong lens. The only head of this species in the collection has a length of less than 2mm. This species is distinguished from J/. ac¢s by the form of the con- vex glabella, flattened instead of wire-like frontal rim, and punctate surface, It does not appear to be closely related to any other species. Formation and locality.—Upper portion of Chang Hsia formation, in dense mottled and crystalline limestone. Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. MENOCEPHALUS ADRASTIA, new species. This is a minute head, having a strongly convex, almost globular glabella that rises abruptly from the deep dorsal furrow. A shallow furrow outlines small postero-lateral lobes at the base of the elabella; occipital furrow narrow and distinct; occipital ring slightly convex back of the occipital furrow, narrow at the sides and widening eradu- ally toward the center. Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella, strongly con- vex; frontal limb obsolete; frontal rim about half as wide as the fixed cheeks, slightly convex, and separated from the fixed cheeks by a transverse, narrow, shallow groove. The above is all that is known of this form. Its globose glabella, convex fixed cheeks, and occipital ring distinguish it from other species. The length of the glabella and frontal rim is 2.5 mm. in one specimen, with an occipital ring about 1 mm. long. 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, Surface finely granulose under a strong lens, with a few scattered larger granules. Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, upper portion of the Chang Hsia formation, in a compact, hard, dove-colored limestone; Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. MENOCEPHALUS AGAVE, new species. Another species of Monocephalus is associated with J/. adrastia, in which only the anterior portions of the head and one fixed cheek are preserved. This differs from J/. adrastia in the proportionately nar- rower glabella, rounded frontal rim, and less convex fixed cheek. Its surface is very finely pustulose, with scattered larger pustules on the elabella. The palpebral lobe is very small and situated a little back of the center of the head. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, upper portion of the Chang Hsia formation, in a compact, hard, dove-colored bed; Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. MENOCEPHALUS BELENUS, new species. This species is represented by a single specimen of a glabella, occip- ital ring, and frontal rim. It differs from J/. acerdus in having a very narrow, slightly flattened frontal rim, and a very finely pustulose surface. The glabella is also more conical and its front more rounded. A fragment of the fixed cheeks indicates that they were rather convex and rose somewhat abruptly from a distinct dorsal furrow. The gen- eral remarks relating to the generic relations of JZ. acerius also apply to M. belenus, as they are apparently congeneric. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, upper portion of the Chang Hsia formation, in a bed above that containing Jf. acerius,; Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. MENOCEPHALUS (?) DEPRESSUS, new species. General form of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks, subrhom- boidal, moderately convex. Glabella moderately convex, narrowing slightly from the base toward the rather broadly rounded front; sur- face marked by two pairs of very shallow, short glabellar furrows; occipital furrow narrow, transverse, and sharply impressed; occipital ring slightly convex and of nearly uniform width; dorsal furrow narrow and sharply defined. No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 63 Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella, convex, arch- ing with about the same slope to the palpebral lobe from the front and back; palpebral lobe small, situated about midway of the cheek; no evidence of the presence of an ocular ridge; postero-lateral limb short, marked by a distinct groove parallel to the narrow, elevated posterior margin; frontal rim narrow, convex, and separated from the glabella and fixed cheeks by a distinct narrow groove. Surface with numerous low, medium-sized, scattered pustules. The type and only specimen of the head in the collection has a length of 4.5 mm. This species is doubtfully referred to the genus Menocephalus. It is most nearly related to J/. acts, but differs in having a less convex glabella and narrower fixed cheeks. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, in a fossiliferous gray limestone, where it is asso- ciated with Solenoplura belus; Pagoda Hill, a mile west-southwest of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. MENOCEPHALUS, species undetermined. This form is represented ‘by the anterior half of the glabella and fixed cheeks. These parts indicate that the glabella was strongly con- vex, rounded in front, and marked by two pairs of very slight, short furrows. The fixed cheeks are about two-thirds the width of the glabella and moderately convex; palpebral lobes small and placed about their own length from the frontal rim; frontal rim apparently very narrow, and separated from the glabella and fixed cheeks by a narrow distinct groove. Surface finely pustulose under a strong lens. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, near upper portion of Chang Hsia formation, in a compact, hard, gray limestone, about 3 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus PAGODIA, new genus. This genus is proposed to include a few species from the Upper Cambrian zone which do not appear to be closely related to any described genus. Only the central portions of the head are available for description. | Diagnosis.—Glabella oblong, with obscure traces of furrows at the sides. Eyes small, central, and without trace of ocular ridge. Facial sutures cut the front margin opposite the eye lobe, and the posterior margin within the postero-lateral angles. 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, Thorax unknown. An associated pygidium has a conical, segmented axis, narrow pleural lobes, and smooth, undefined margin. CGenotype.— Pagodia lotos Walcott. The four species of this genus all have a similar type of surface, consisting of shallow puncte of moderate size, with very fine puncte, visible only under a strong lens, between the larger puncte. The species now referred to the genus are Pagodia bia Walcott, P. dolon Walcott, P. lotos Walcott, P. macedo Walcott. I was at first inclined to refer these forms to Dolichometopus, but they differ from the type of the latter, Dolichometopus svecicus Anglin, in the narrowing instead of widening of the glabella in front, in the presence of small instead of large eye lobes, short instead of long postero-lateral limbs, and obscure glabellar furrows. PAGODIA LOTOS, new species. Glabella moderately convex, elongate, with the sides converging very slightly toward the broadly rounded front; obscure traces of two pairs of furrows that extend a short distance inward and _ back- ward occur upon the sides; occipital furrow strong, rounded, and arching slightly forward at the center; occipital ring of medium width and rounded; dorsal furrow strong but shallow and merging into the transverse furrow in front of the glabella. Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the head opposite the pal- pebral lobes, slightly convex, and sloping gently posteriorly to the furrow within the margin and anteriorly to the transverse furrow within the frontal rim; palpebral lobes small, short, not much more than one-fifth the length of the head; a very slight trace of an ocular ridge is shown upon the cast of the interior of the crust, but no evi- dences of it have been seen on the outer surface; frontal rim narrow, rounded so as to give it a thickened appearance, with a slightly flat- tened slope into the furrow back of it; it is separated from the gla- bella and fixed cheeks by a sharp furrow that almost cuts back under the front of the glabella. The crust is thick; it appears to be smooth on the outer surface over the glabella and fixed cheeks, with the exception of scattered, shallow puncte. The type specimen has a length of 6 mm., with a width at the pal- pebral lobes of 8 mm. The associated pygidium is convex, subsemicircular in outline, and strongly trilobed except at the margin. Axial lobe convex, conical, and divided by three transverse furrows into three rings and a termi- nal, rounded subtriangular portion. Pleural lobes nearly flat toward the front near the dorsal furrow, and from there curving abruptly downward toward the side and posterior margins; the furrows of the No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 65 axis extend about two-thirds of the distance across the pleural lobes and merge with the flat segments between them into the margin; the margin slopes up from the sharp outer edge with a slight concavity where it merges into the pleural lobes and touches the posterior end of the axis. This species differs from Pagodia macedo and P. dolon in its frontal _rim and the slight convergence of the sides of its glabella toward the front. It is most nearly related to Pagodia bia, with which it is associated, but differs from it in its narrower and proportionately longer glabella, the glabella of P. b¢a having a length of 6 mm. with a width at the center of 3 mm., and that of ?. dotos with a length of 5mm. has a width at the center of nearly 4 mm. Formation and locality. —Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, in a gray fossiliferous limestone; Pagoda Hill, 1 mile west-southwest of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PAGODIA BIA, new species. Head, exclusive of the free cheeks, subrhomboidal, moderately con- vex. Glabella shghtly convex, subquadrilateral in outline, slightly narrowed along the central portions, and marked by two pairs of short glabellar furrows on the posterior half and a very slight depression indicating a furrow on each side well toward the front; occipital furrow narrow, very clearly defined and arching slightly forward toward the center; occipital ring narrow and rounded; dorsal furrow shallow but distinct. Fixed cheeks about half as wide as the glabella and sloping gently downward from the dorsal furrow; palpebral lobes small, situated about midway between the front and back margins of the head; no traces of ocular ridges have been observed; postero-lateral limb short, strong, and marked by a rounded furrow within the posterior margin; frontal rim very narrow, rounded, and separated from the elabella and fixed cheeks by a narrow, deep furrow. Surface marked by a few shallow, scattered puncte, and under a very strong lens it appears to be minutely punctate. The largest specimen of the head in the collection has a length of 8 mm. The form of the glabella of this species is not unlike that of Pagodia macedo, but its anterior lobe is much broader. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, in a hard, dark limestone; 2.7 miles southwest of Chao Mi Tien and Pagoda Hill, a mile west-southwest of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——5 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, PAGODIA DOLON, new species. This species is represented by two specimens of the head exclusive of the free cheeks. Glabella elongate, subquadrilateral, moderately convex; a very obscure trace of a posterior pair of short furrows is all that can be seen on the outer surface; occipital furrow rather nar- row, clearly impressed, and arching slightly forward at the center; occipital ring narrow at the sides, increasing gradually in width to the center, where it is strong and moderately convex; dorsal furrow strong at the sides and front of the glabella. Fixed cheeks a little more than one-half the width of the glabella, convex, and sloping outward and downward from the dorsal furrow; back of the palpebral lobes they slope gently to the furrow within the posterior margin and anteriorly more rapidly to the furrow within the frontal rim; palpebral lobes small, about one-fourth the length of the head; postero-lateral Limb short, and marked by a strong, rounded furrow within the narrow, slightly elevated posterior margin; frontal rim rounded, narrow, and separated from the glabella by a strong, rounded, rather deep furrow, which becomes more shallow in front of the fixed cheeks. Surface marked by numerous medium-sized puncte, with very fine puncte, visible only under a strong lens, between them. The largest specimen of the species has a length of 5.5 mm., with a width at the palpebral lobes of 8 mm.; the glabella has a length of 3mm., with a width of 2.5 mm. This species differs from the other species of the genus in its shorter, broader elabella, and more convex fixed cheeks. hormation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, in hard, dark limestone; 2.7 miles southwest of Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. — Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PAGODIA MACEDO, new species. This species is represented by a single specimen of the head, exclu- sive of the free cheeks. Glabella elongate, subquadrangular, narrow- ing very slightly toward the broadly rounded, nearly transverse front, as indicated by the cast of the interior of the crust; surface marked by two pairs of shallow furrows that penetrate a short distance on each side and separate the glabella into three subequal lobes; occipi- tal furrow rounded and strong; occipital ring unknown; dorsal fur- row strong, rounded, and clearly separating the moderately convex elabella from the sloping fixed cheeks. Fixed cheeks slightly convex, sloping gently from the dorsal fur- row to the palpebral lobe, more rapidly to the furrow within the pos- ene No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 67 terior margin, and anteriorly to the front margin; palpebral lobes situated about midway between the front and the posterior margins of the head, small and short, not much over one-fifth the length of the head; frontal rim narrow, wire-like, and separated from the glabella and fixed cheeks by a rounded furrow of moderate depth. The crust is rather thick, the outer surface marked by scattered shallow puncte, with very fine puncte, as shown by a strong lens, between them. Leneth of head exclusive of occipital ring, 7.5 mm. This species is closely related to Pagodia lotos. It differs in the form of the frontal rim and the more uniform slope of the glabella toward the front. From /. da it differs in the more rapid downward slope of the front of the glabella and in the parallel or slightly con- tracting sides of the glabella. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, in gray fossiliferous limestone; Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus PTEROCEPHALUS Roemer. PTEROCEPHALUS ASIATICA, new species. This species is represented by fragments of the anterior portion of the head and of the pygidium. Glabella truncato-conical, moderately convex, narrowing eradually toward its rounded front; surface marked by three pairs of short furrows, the posterior of which separate rather small oval lobes at the postero-lateral angles; occipital furrow narrow and slightly impressed; occipital ring of medium width and nearly flat; dorsal furrow narrow, but distinctly marked. Fixed cheeks about two-thirds the width of the glabella opposite the palpebral lobes, slightly convex, and crossed by strong, low, ocular ridges; postero-lateral limbs unknown; frontal limb very broad and slightly concave; just in front of the glabella there isa faint depression, formed by aslight change in the slope of the frontal limb, that extends across a short distance in front of the palpebral lobe; frontal rim narrow, slightly rounded, and marked by irregular striz parallel to the margin. Surface of the glabella and fixed cheeks slightly roughened by what appear, under a strong’ lens, to be very fine granulations; the frontal limb is marked by irregular, raised lines that radiate from the front of the glabella and ocular ridges outward toward the front margin; these raised lines are very irregular and more or less inoscu- lating on and near the transverse depression of the frontal limb in front of the glabella and ocular ridges. Ona head 23 mm. in length the frontal limb has a length of 11.5 mm. and the glabella and occipital ring 11.5 mm., with a width at the palpebral lobes of 18 mm. 65 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Fragments of the pygidium associated with the head show that it had a slender, moderately convex axis, with more than 8 rings, and that the pleural lobes were moderately convex, flattening out on a broad, planulate margin, the furrows on the axis extending out across the pleural lobes and nearly fading away on the broad margin; a faint trace of a very narrow, short pleural groove is shown on two of the pleural segments. Surface of the pygidium slightly roughened by what appears to be, under a strong lens, a very fine granulation. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. In gray crystalline limestone, associated with Damesella blackwelderi,; 34 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTEROCEPHALUS BUSIRIS, new species. This species is represented by two specimens of a pygidium that is quite distinct from the pygidium associated with 7%. ascatica. The axis is elongate, slightly convex, and converging uniformly to about half its width at the posterior end; marked by eight or more narrow, distinct, transverse furrows that divide it into eight or more trans- verse rings and an elongate terminal portion. Pleural lobes slope gently from the dorsal furrow down toward the margin; they are marked by the continuation of the distinct transverse furrows of the axis, that extend obliquely backward out to the margin, as far as can be determined; there is a slight indication of a pleural groove on the outer half of the pleural lobe. The pleural lobe is separated from the broad border by a slight elevation of the point of union of the border and pleural lobe, the slope of the two being approximately the same from the margin to the axis; a sharp ridge originates on the front side of each pleural segment a little distance out from the axis, and extends out across the border to the margin, leaving a concave space between the sharp ridges over the entire extent of the border; from the elongate terminal segment of the axis a narrow, double ridge continues backward to the border, which is here slightly incurved. Surface finely granular under a strong lens. This species differs from /. aszatica in the form of the segments of the pleural lobes and margin. Formation and locality.—Upper Camprian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, in dark, compact limestone; 3 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. A specimen referred to this species also occurs in the lower portion of the Chao Mi Tien formation, two-thirds of a mile west of Tai An Fu, in Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. No. 1415, CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 69 Genus SywGEASPis Elalil? PTYCHASPIS ACAMUS, new species. This species is represented by specimens of the glabella and frag- ments of the fixed cheeks. The glabella is moderately convex at the back and strongly convex on the frontal lobe. It is divided by a strong, backward-arching furrow that separates the posterior portion asa transverse lobe and the anterior as a large lobe about as long as broad. The latter is marked by two narrow, short, slightly impressed furrows on the sides of the lobe; occipital furrow strongly rounded, “deep, and arching forward at the center; occipital ring about the middle of the posterior lobe of the @labella nearly flat, and with a small, sharp node at the center near the back margin; frontal rim a rounded, narrow border in front of the deep, narrow dorsal furrow; dorsal furrow narrow and deep opposite the palpebral lobe. Fixed cheeks rise rapidly from the dorsal furrow. They are narrow and convex; palpebral lobes unknown. ‘The anterior lobe of the elabella slightly overhangs the dorsal furrow, which is deep and rounded. Surface marked with low, large pustules and very faint puncte. The type specimen of the head in the collection has a length of 11 mm. with a width of 6 mm. This species is characterized by the form of the large front lobe, the strong transverse furrows, and narrow posterior lobe of the g@labella, and its peculiar surface. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, central portion of the Chane Hsia formation; Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHASPIS CACUS, new species. General form of head, exclusive of the free cheeks, subrhomboidal, rounded in front, strongly convex. Glabella moderately convex over the posterior portion, strongly convex at the frontal lobe; posterior portion is divided into two lobes, of about equal width, by the broad, rounded, transverse posterior furrow and a narrow, slightly impressed anterior furrow, both of which arch slightly backward toward the center; the frontal lobe is about as long as the two posterior lobes and arches with uniform curve over to the dorsal furrow; it is con- vex but not globose; it is marked about midway on each side by a short, very lightly impressed narrow furrow, which penetrates it at right angles to the dorsal furrow; occipital furrow broad, strong, and arching slightly forward at the center; occipital ring about as wide as the posterior lobe of the glabella, moderately convex, and arching slightly forward near the center; dorsal furrow strongly 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. defined at the sides and somewhat less so in front of the glabella; a shallow pit occurs opposite the antero-lateral angle of the glabella. Fixed cheeks narrow and convex; they slope gently backward and merge into the postero-lateral limb, and forward in advance of the palpebral lobe slope rapidly downward to the rounded frontal limb; palpebral lobes broken away, but from the form of the fixed cheek they appear to have been about one-third the length of the head; postero-lateral limbs about as long as the width of the glabella, and marked by a broad, strong furrow within the narrow postero-lateral margin; frontal lobe and rim united to form a rounded, downward curving frontal border of the head, separated from the glabella by the strong dorsal furrow. Surface marked by numerous irregularly placed pustules except in the furrows of the glabella, dorsal furrow, and furrow on the postero- lateral limbs. The type and only specimen of the head in the collec- tion has a length of 17 mm., with the glabella 10 mm. in width and 11 mm. long. In size and general appearance this species may be compared with P. ceto. It differs in its strongly pustulose surface, less convex glabella and fixed cheeks, and in the form of the frontal border of the head. At first sight it is apparently identical with P. calyce, but it differs in the form of the transverse furrows and the frontal lobe of the glabella, which in 7. calyce is globose, like that of P. ceto. formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, upper portion of the Chao Mi Tien formation; 2.7 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHASPIS CADMUS, new species. This species is represented by more or less fragmentary specimens of the central portions of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks. Glabella moderately convex at the back and strongly convex at the front, marked by a posterior transverse furrow that arches slightly backward, cutting off a narrow lobe between it and the dorsal furrow; anterior lobe a little longer than wide, and marked by a pair of short, narrow furrows opposite the anterior end of the palpebral lobe; the anterior lobe is convex, but not globose; occipital furrow strong; occipital ring unknown; dorsal furrow strong and rather deep. Fixed cheeks very narrow and diappearing into the dorsal furrow in front of the palpebral lobe; posteriorly they slope downward as an irregular ridge to the postero-lateral limb; palpebral lobes about one- fourth the length of the head and marked by a deep groove within the narrow rim; frontal limb narrow and sloping outward and downward to the front margin from the broad, strong, dorsal furrow; it is marked by two transverse rows of large tubercles; postero-lateral limbs unknown. er Ry ee ee No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. Fall The surface of the head, except the furrows, is thickly covered with large pustules. A glabella 11 mm. in length: bas a width of 8 mm.; none of the specimens are sufliciently perfect to give meas- urements for the entire length of the head. This species is characterized by the very narrow fixed cheeks and strongly pustulose surface. It is associated with 7. ca/chas. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, in a gray, somewhat coarse, fossiliferous lime- stone; 2.7 miles southwest of Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHASPIS CALCHAS, new species. Of this species only more or less imperfect specimens of the central portions of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks, are known. Gla- bella slightly convex on the posterior half and moderately convex at the frontal lobe; it is divided by two transverse, rather strong, shal- low furrows into two narrow lobes that arch slightly backward and an anterior lobe that measures a little more than half the length of the elabella; a pair of very slightly impressed and short furrows mark the side of the frontal lobe a little back of the center; occipital furrow broad, shallow, and about the same strength as the two furrows cross- ing the glabella; occipital ring narrow at the sides, increasing in width toward the center, where it rises at the back above the general level of the glabella; dorsal furrow broad and rounded. Fixed cheeks scarcely more than a very narrow ridge rising from the broad dorsal furrow to the palpebral lobe and sloping gently back- ward into the postero-lateral limb and forward in front of the palpe- bral lobe into the frontal border of the head; palpebral lobe about one-fourth the length of the head and marked by a strong furrow within the narrow rim; frontal limb nearly flat, of medium width, and sloping forward and downward from the dorsal furrow to the frontal margin; postero-lateral limbs about as long as the width of the gla- bella, and marked by a broad, shallow furrow within the narrow pos- terior margin. . The cast of the interior surface of the test appears to be minutely punctate under a strong lens, and fragments of the exterior appear to be smooth. The largest specimen of the head in the collection has a length of about 22 mm.; a specimen 11 mm. in length has a glabella 5 mm. in width, with a fixed cheek a little less than 2 mm. in width from the sides of the glabella across the dorsal furrow to the furrow on the palpebral lobe. This species differs from the described species of the genus in the low convexity of the glabella, the uniformity of the occipital and two posterior furrows of the glabella, and the apparently smooth surface. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Formation and locality.— Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, in a gray, somewhat coarse, fossiliferous lime- stone; 2.7 miles southwest of Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHASPIS CALLISTO, new species. Of this species only the central portions of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks, are known. Glabella moderately convex, and divided into a narrow posterior lobe by a broad, rounded, deep, transverse furrow that curves slightly backward, and an anterior lobe, about as long as wide, marked upon its lateral slopes by two pairs of short, narrow furrows; it is broadly rounded, almost transverse in front, and its sides are sub-parallel; occipital furrow broad and deep and arch- ing slightly forward at the center; occipital ring narrow at the ends, widening and rising gradually toward the center, which appears to have been elevated above the general surface of the head; dorsal fur- rows strong and deep. Fixed cheeks narrow, rising abruptly from the dorsal furrow and extending laterally to the furrow within the rim of the palpebral lobe; they slope gently backward to the postero-lateral limb, and more abruptly forward to a strong furrow that separates the frontal rounded margin of the head from the glabella; frontal limb and rim combined ina rounded frontal border, which corresponds in its section to about the same curvature as the section of the furrow between the border and the glabella; postero-lateral limbs about as long as the width of the glabella, and marked by a broad, rather deep groove within the narrow posterior margin. Surface of the cast of the interior of the test with numerous rather large scattered puncte and very fine puncte seen only with the aid of a strong lens; a fragment of the outer surface shows it to have been strongly punctate, with fine puncte corresponding to the puncte seen on the cast of the interior. The largest head in the collection has a length of 13 mm. This species is strongly characterized by the broad, strong posterior furrow and narrow posterior lobe of the glabella, and the sub-quadrate, moderately convex frontal lobe; also the elevated occipital ring and punctate surface. Formation and locality Upper portion of the Chao Mi Tien formation, at the same horizon as PP. cacus and P. ceto; 2.7 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHASPIS CALYCE, new species. In general form, convexity, and size the corresponding parts of this species follow that of . ceto. It differs from the latter in having a 3 P 7 No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. (i strongly pustulose surface instead of irregular, more or less concen- tric ridges and furrows. The largest specimen of the head in the collection has a length of 17 mm. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, Chao Mi Tien forma- tion, about the middle of the formation; 7.5 miles east of Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHASPIS CAMPE, new species. This species is represented by a fragment of a small head that is so distinct in its surface granulation, large eve lobe, and frontal portion of the head that it can not be readily confused with any other species. The glabella is divided by two narrow, transverse, slightly backward- curving furrows into two narrow lobes and a large anterior lobe that is marked by two pairs of short, very narrow furrows on the lateral slopes; the anterior lobe is about as long as wide, slightly convex behind and strongly convex in front, but not at all globose or tumid; it is broadly rounded, almost transverse in front, and has parallel sides; frontal limb very narrow in front of the glabella, widening at the sides; it is separated from a downward-sloping frontal rim by a very narrow transverse furrow; the frontal rim is very slightly convex, and from two to three times as wide as the frontal limb in front of the glabella; dorsal furrow narrow and deep on the sides, and little more than a line in front of the g@labella. Fixed cheeks very narrow at the front and back and merging into a large palpebral lobe at the center; they rise rapidly from the dorsal furrow and arch over into the furrow within the narrow palpebral lobe; palpebral lobe extends from opposite the anterior pair of furrows on the frontal lobe of the glabella back to the posterior transverse furrow. Surface marked by large, low, closely arranged granulations or pustules. This is a small species, the type specimen of the glabella having a length of 4mm. with a width of 2 mm. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, Chao Mi ‘Tien forma- tion, about the middle of the formation; 7.5 miles east of Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHASPIS CETO, new species. Head, exclusive of the free cheeks, sub-rhomboidal in outline, strongly convex. Glabella large, strong, with very convex frontal lobe, sides sub-parallel, front broadly rounded; two strong glabellar furrows cross transversely from side to side, dividing the glabella into two rather narrow posterior lobes and an anterior, globose lobe that 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. slightly overhangs the frontal rim; occipital furrow about as strong as the two glabellar furrows; occipital ring narrow and slightly rounded, and elevated at the center; dorsal furrows strong and deep on the sides and in front of the glabella. Fixed cheeks with the dorsal furrow about two-thirds the width of the glabella, the fixed cheeks forming an elevated ridge at the palpe- bral lobe, with an elevated short ridge opposite the anterior end of the palpebral lobe, that is crossed by three transverse ridges, as seen in the cast of the inner surface; in front of the elevated portion the cheek drops gently to the frontal rim; back of the palpebral lobe the cheek slopes gently and merges into the postero-lateral limb; palpe- bral lobe narrow, elongate, a little more than one-half the length of the head, and separated from the fixed cheek by a narrow, deep fur- row; postero-lateral limb about as long as the width of the glabella at the base, and marked by a broad, deep, rounded groove, within the sharp, elevated, posterior margin; frontal limb very short and sloping downward into the rounded frontal rim; the frontal limb and rim form scarcely more than the outer border of the strong dorsal furrow. Outer surface unknown, as in all the specimens the test clings to the matrix; this latter fact indicates that it was roughened, probably tuberculose. The cast of the frontal lobe of the glabella shows a number of irregular, concentric ridges and grooves sub-parallel to the frontal margin. The largest head in the collection has a length of 14 mm., with a width at the palpebral lobes of 17 mm.; the glabella was 8 mm. in width, with a length, including the occipital ring, of 14 mm. This species differs from Ptychaspis cacus in the globose, overhang- ing frontal lobe of the glabella, and the form of the frontal rim, fea- tures that also separate it from P. cadmus and P. calchas. From P. acamus it differs in the form of the frontal lobe of the glabella and the transverse lobe back of it. The globose glabella resembles that of P. granulosa Owen, except that it is more globose and overhangs the frontal border. /. granulosa has a different form from the other Chinese species. Formation and locality. —Upper Cambrian, in the lower portion of the Chao Mi Tien formation, in a fossiliferous, coarse gray limestone. Chao Mi Tien; two-thirds of a mile west of Tai An Fu; Pagoda Hill, a mile west-southwest of Tai An Fu; 2.7 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHASPIS, species undetermined. There are seyeral species of Ptychaspis that occur in the upper Cambrian zone that are too imperfect for description. One of these has the general form of /?. campe, but it differs in the exceedingly o8 sat Cee No, 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 15 narrow fixed cheeks and flat frontal border, while having the same type of pustulose surface. It occurs in the upper portion of the Chao Mi Tien formation, at Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. Other frag- ments representing species of this genus are too imperfect for identi- fication or description. Genus PTYCHOPARIA Hawle and Corda. PTYCHOPARIA ACLIS, new species. The slightly convex central portions of the head of this species are preserved. The species is distinguished by the breadth of the ela- bella in front and three pairs of short, well-defined furrows that divide the sides of the glabella into four subequal lobes; an occipital spine; and narrow rounded frontal rim, cut around in front nearly to the median line by the facial sutures. Ocular ridge well defined. Surface unknown. Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian, Man To formation; Chang Hsia, Shanetung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA (?) BATIA, new species. Head, exclusive of the free cheeks, sub-rhomboidal, moderately convex; glabella truncato-conical; a specimen with a length of 11 mm. has a width at the base of LL mm., and at the broadly rounded, almost transverse front of 7 mm.; very faint traces are shown of a posterior pair of furrows; occipital furrow nearly straight, shallow, rounded, and narrow; occipital ring strong, very slightly convex, and slightly wider at the center than at the ends; it is marked at the cen- ter, near the occipital furrow, by a minute node; dorsal furrow dis- tinctly but not deeply marked. Fixed cheeks wide and slightly convex, nearly flat between the gla- bella and palpebral lobe, and curved downward in front to the frontal rim and backward to the furrow within the posterior margin; ocular ridge narrow and low, but distinctly shown; posteriorly it passes into the palpebral lobe; palpebral lobe small, and situated a little back of a transverse line drawn through the center of the head; postero-lateral limb large, about as long as the base of the glabella is wide, and marked by a strong furrow within the elevated posterior margin. The front of the glabella and of the fixed cheeks curves down into a shallow furrow, from which the frontal rim rises before curving over to form a thick frontal margin, which is marked by longitudinal raised striae. Surface smooth under a strong lens. The largest of three speci- mens of a head has a length of 20 mm., with a width at the palpebral lobes of 26 mm. 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, ge size, concave frontal rim, and nearly smooth glabella. In view of the occurrence of heads of the genus Dorypygella at about the same horizon, which resemble this, the generic reference is somewhat doubtful. A somewhat simi- lar head occurs in the upper portion of the Chao Mi Tien limestone at about the same horizon, 9 miles north of Hsin Tai Hsien. Formation and locality. —Upper Cambrian, Chao Mi Tien forma- tion; 2.7 and 8 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtune, China. A form apparently identical was found by Mr. Blackwelder in limestone blocks in talus at Chao Mi Tien. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCOPARIA (?) BROMUS, new species. This species is represented by the central portions of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks. Glabella moderately convex, truncato- conical, rounded in front, and apparently without furrows; occipital furrow transverse and clearly defined; occipital ring strong and mod- erately convex; dorsal furrow broad and shallow. Fixed cheeks nearly as wide as the glabella opposite the palpebral lobe; they rise shghtly from the dorsal furrow to the palpebral lobe, and slope gently backward to the postero-lateral limb and forward to the frontal limb; palpebral lobe narrow, about one-third the length of the head; ocular ridge rounded and faintly defined; frontal limb of medium width, slightly convex, and sloping gently down to a rounded furrow that separates it from the flattened frontal rim, which is about one-half as wide as the frontal limb. The surface is slightly roughened by minute granulations, as seen with the aid of a strong lens. The largest specimen of the head in the collection has a length of 7 mm. This species is characterized by the rounded, smooth appearance of the glabella, fixed cheeks, dorsal furrow, and frontal limb. Kormation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Ku San shale forma- tion; 2.5 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtune, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. : PTYCHOPARIA CEUS, new species. Outline of head, exclusive of free cheeks, transversely subrhomboidal, broadly rounded in front, convex; glabella conical, moderately con- vex, and marked by two pairs of short, shallow furrows that extend in but a short distance on the sides; occipital furrow rounded, very distinct, and continued outward on the postero-lateral limbs, where it is stronger and deeper; occipital ring narrow at the sides, gradually No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. CE increasing in width toward the center, where it is slightly convex, and marked at the center by a minute sharp tubercle; dorsal furrow strong and rather deep about the glabella. Fixed cheeks about the same width as the glabella, moderately convex; they slope gently from the dorsal furrow to the palpebral lobe, and backward to the furrow of the postero-lateral limb; in front they slope rather rapidly and merge into the frontal limb; palpebral lobes small and situated about their own length from the posterior margin of the head; ocular ridge very faint, scarcely perceptible except by turning the specimen in the light; frontal limb slightly con- vex, sloping gently downward, and divided midway by a longitudinal furrow that extends from the front of the glabella to the furrow within the frontal rim; each side of the longitudinal median furrow the frontal border extends outward and backward, merging into the fixed cheeks without any interruption in the convexity of the slope; frontal rim narrow, nearly flat, and separated from the frontal limb by a very shallow groove which is little more than a change in slope of the frontal limb to the nearly flat frontal rim; postero-lateral limbs very short. Surface minutely granulose under a strong lens, with a few scat- tered larger granules. The largest head of the species in the collec- tion has a length of + mm., with a width at the palpebral lobes of nearly 5 mm. This species is characterized by the longitudinal furrow in front of the glabella, which resembles the longitudinal furrow frequently seen in the frontal limb of the heads of Agnostus. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Ku San shale forma- tion; 2.5 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA CONSTRICTA, new species. The convex central portions of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks, are subquadrilateral in outline; glabella subeylindrical, nar- rowing slightly toward the front—only faint indications of g@labellar furrows; occipital furrow narrow, clearly defined but shallow; occip- ital ring’ strong, narrow at the sides and broad at the center; fixed cheeks about as broad as the glabella; ocular ridges strong and merg- ing into the rather long palpebral lobes; frontal limb well defined by the ocular ridges and narrow, slightly flattened, frontal rim. Surface slightly roughened by minute irregular raised lines. Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian, Man To formation, lower part of southeast slope of Hu Lu Shan; 2.5 miles south of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. (Re) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. PTYCHOPARIA DRYOPE, new species. The head representing tiis species is of the same type as that of Ptychoparia titiana, trom the base of the Chang Hsia formation. It differs from it in having a more elongate glabella, which is more trans- verse in front. It is also not probable that species of this character would range through 2,500 feet of limestone. It is often the case that heads that appear to have the general features of Ptychoparia are found to belong to other genera when the thorax and pygidium are known. This species is associated with Ptychaspis ceto, [lenurus - dictys, Menocephalus depressus, and Cyrtoceras cambria. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, upper portion of Chao Mi Tien formation; Pagoda Hill, 1 mile west-southwest of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA GRANULOSA, new species. The gently convex central portions of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks, are all that is known of this species. These indicate a rather broad, semicircular head, with small free cheeks; wide fixed cheeks; narrow, short, convex glabella and narrow, flattened frontal rim; glabella marked by three pairs of faintly impressed but clear elabellar furrows; frontal space between the glabella and rim broader than the frontal rim and slightly convex; ocular ridge narrow, clearly defined, and merging into a rather small eye lobe. Surface finely granulose. Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian, Man To formation; Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA IMPAR, new species. This species is represented by many fine specimens of the rather convex central portions of the head. The form of the parts preserved is not unlike that of Ptychoparia aclis. They differ in being more convex and stronger and in the absence of an occipital spine and the presence of rather faint glabellar furrows. Ocular ridge rounded and rather strong. Surface finely punctate. Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian. Man To formation. Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. 1 i CE OE te ieee OS EO ey ey ae er ————eeeeeEe————eeEEEEeEEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEEeEeEeeeeeEeEeEEeeEeE—=EEaeEeEeEeEEeEeEeEOEeee -— Ne oe ee ee “ny ss xo. 1115. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. (( PTYCHOPARIA IMPAR, variety?. This variety differs from the type of the species in having more distinctly defined glabellar furrows, slightly narrower frontal rim, and more rounded frontal margin to the glabella. There are several specimens of the head from one locality, which appear to vary among themselves as much as some of them vary from P. ¢mpar. The latter and the forms referred to the variety come from the upper portion of the Man To formation. Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian, upper portion of Man To formation, in shaly sandstone and limestone; Chang Hsia, Shang- tung, China. | Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA LIGEA, new species. Head, exclusive of free cheeks, subquadrilateral in outline, mod- erately convex; glabella almost of the same width from the posterior margin to the rounded front; three pairs of furrows are faintly but clearly indicated; occipital ring strong; occipital furrow shallow but extended out on the lateral limbs as a strong furrow. Fixed cheeks nearly as wide as the glabella; palpebral lobes short and small; ocular ridges narrow and strongly defined; frontal limb slightly convex to where it merges into the broad, shallow furrow that extends nearly out to the front margin; postero-lateral limbs rather long. Surface slightly roughened by minute, irregular, raised lines that can be seen only with a strong lens. Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian. Middle of Man To formation. Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA MANTOENSIS, new species. Only the central portions of the moderately convex head of this species are definitely known. It is characterized by the broad frontal space and flat frontal rim; the sides of the glabella converge slightly toward the front margin, which is broadly rounded; glabellar furrows indicated by three very faint depressions on each side. Occipital furrow relatively shallow and rounded; fixed cheeks rather broad; eye lobe occupies the central third of the distance from the posterior margin to the anterior flattened rim; ocular ridges not strongly marked. Surface slightly roughened by almost microscopic, irregular raised lines. An associated free cheek has a long, slender postero-lateral spine. 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, At Chang Hsia and 1 mile south, Shangtung, China. Collected by Elot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA TELLUS, new species. All that is known of this species is the central part of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks. The specimens occur on the surface of shaly limestone, and are probably somewhat compressed; their con- vexity is relatively slight. Glabella large, convex, and nearly as wide in front as at the base; three pairs of glabellar furrows are indicated on the somewhat eroded outer surface of two specimens; occipital furrow shallow, narrow, and rounded, but quite distinct; oceipital ring narrow at the sides, increasing in width and inclining backward toward the middle, where it rises to the base of a strong spine, which is directed upward and backward; the spine is nearly straight, and about as long as the length of the head; dorsal furrow clearly defined on the sides and in front of the glabella. Fixed cheeks slightly convex and less than half the width of the elabella; palpebral lobes rather large; ocular ridges clearly defined and merging into the palpebral lobe; frontal limb short, slightly con- vex, and merging into the flattened frontal rim, the line of demar- cation between the two being very slight; posterior lateral limbs small and short. Surface unknown. The largest head in the collection has a length of 10 mm. witha width of 11 mm. at the outer edges of the palpebral lobes. This species is most nearly related to Lonchocephalus hamulus. It differs in having wider fixed cheeks and in the proportion of length of the frontal limb and rim as compared with the glabella. Formation and ‘locality. —Middle Cambrian. Lower portion of Chang Hsia formation. Two miles south of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tat, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA TENES, new species. Of this species only the moderately convex central portions of the head are known. Glabella prominent, moderately convex, narrow- ing very gradually toward the broadly rounded front; furrows only faintly indicated; occipital ring strong and bearing a broad base of a spine that extends obliquely upward and backward; occipital furrow shallow on the sides and scarcely perceptible at the center; dorsal fur- row rounded and clearly defined. Fixed cheeks slightly convex and about one-third the width of the glabella; the length of the palpebral No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 81 lobes is about one-third the distance from the posterior to the front margin; ocular ridge low, broad, and marking quite distinctly the division between the lateral fixed cheeks and the rather abrupt down- ward slope of the short frontal limb, which merges into the rather broad, flat, frontal rim. Surface minutely granulose under a strong lens. The largest head in the collection has a length of about 6 mm., exclusive of the occipital spine. This species is distinguished by the strong, occipital spine, large eye lobes, narrow, fixed cheeks, and the form of the frontal rim. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. At base of Chang Hsia formation, just above the Man To shale. One mile east-southeast of Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA, species undetermined. A single specimen of the central portion of a head that appears to be closely related to P. tenes occurs on the surface of a fragment of limestone. It has a similar slender, long, occipital spine, narrow, fixed cheeks, and flattened frontal rim. It occurs in the upper portion of the Chang Hsia formation, near the middle of the Chang Hsia oolitic limestone, 2 miles south-southeast of Kao Chia Pu, Shangtung, China. ~ Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA TITIANA, new species. 5 Head subquadrilateral in outline, exclusive of the free cheeks; moderately convex. Glabella gently convex; broadest at the base, narrowing midway, and with the sides nearly parallel from the center to the broadly rounded front; glabellar furrows shallow, there are three on each side that penetrate to the central third of the glabella and divide it into two small central lobes, a short terminal lobe, and a posterior lobe that is broad at the sides and narrow toward the cen- tral third; occipital furrow narrow; occipital ring narrow at the sides and gradually thickening toward the center to form the base of a ‘ather strong spine of unknown length; dorsal furrow shallow, but clearly defined. Fixed cheeks of medium width, about two-thirds the width of the elabella; palpebral lobes central and about one-third the length from the posterior to the frontal margins of the head; ocular ridge narrow, clearly defined, it starts near the front line of the glabella and extends obliquely backward and merges into the rim of the palpebral lobe; postero-lateral limbs short and marked by a broad, shallow furrow; frontal limb convex, prominent, about as long as the fixed cheeks at 05—\6 Proc. N. M. vol. xxix 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. the eye lobes; at the front it slopes into the rounded groove back of the narrow, slightly flattened, frontal rim. Surface slighlty roughened over the central portions; on the frontal limb a network of fine, irregular, raised lines extends from the dorsal furrow and ocular ridges to the furrow inside the frontal rim. Observations.—This species is associated with Ptychoparia Liostra- cus thraso. Its strong frontal limb and occipital spine distinguish it from other species. formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Base of Chang Hsia formation in oolitic Lmestone about 2 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, and | mile east-southeast of Chang Hsia, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Ehot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA THEANDO, new species. Head small, moderately convex; glabella subquadrilateral, mod- erately convex, a little narrower in front than at the base, and with- out glabellar furrows; occipital ring practically a continuation of the glabella, as the shallow occipital furrow barely indicates it; dorsal furrows narrow at the sides of the glabella, and very obscure in front of it. : Fixed cheeks a little wider than the @ the dorsal suture to the palpebral lobes; palpebral lobes large, situ ated opposite the central portion of the glabella; ocular ridges low and broad, and very clearly defining the lateral portions of the fixed cheeks from the frontal limb; frontal limb narrow in front of the glabella, sloping downward to the broad, shallow furrow that merges into the broad, almost flat, frontal rim; postero-lateral limbs skort; a narrow, sharp furrow extends along their posterior margin from the glabella to the facial suture, just within the posterior margin. Surface minutely granular under a very strong lens. The largest head has a length of 5 mm. This species is distinguished by the broad, flat, fixed cheeks, con- vex, smooth glabella, large palpebral lobes, and nearly flat frontal margin. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Base of Chang Hsia formation, in gray oolitic limestone. Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. olabella and nearly flat from PTYCHOPARIA TOLUS, new species. Of this species only a single fragmentary head is known; this is much like the corresponding parts of the head of Ptychoparia Liostra- cus thraso, but it differs (a) in being less convex, (4) in having a more coarsely granulated surface, (c) stronger posterior glabellar furrows, No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 83 elabella. The length of the head is 10 mm.; of the glabella, 7 mm.; width of the head including palpebral lobes but not free cheeks, 12 mm. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Base of Chang Hsia formation in oolitic limestone; 3 miles north-northeast of Hsin Tai, Hsien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. LIOSTRACUS Angelin, subgenus of PTYCHOPARIA. PTYCHOPARIA (LIOSTRACUS) TOXEUS, new species. Of this species only the central portions of the head are known. The glabella and fixed cheeks are rather strongly convex; glabella prominent, truncato-conical, without furrows, except as indicated by a slight darkening of the surface where the furrows usually occur; occipital groove narrow, but very distinct; occipital ring narrow at the sides, rounded, and of medium width at the center; dorsal furrow strong, rounded, and marked by a slight pit at the antero-lateral angle of the glabella. Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella at its base; palpebral lobes small and situated about half way between the posterior and front margins; ocular ridges faintly detined. Frontal limb narrow, convex, and sloping downward to a deep, rounded groove which rises in front to a strong, rounded frontal rim; postero-lateral limbs about one-third longer than the width of the fixed cheeks, a strong furrow extends the entire distance within the posterior margin. The surface under a strong lens appears to be smooth. The largest head has a length of 6 mm. with a width of 7 mm. at the palpebral lobes, exclusive of the free cheeks. This species may be compared with Pfychoparia owens, a form that has a wide geographic distribution in the United States, and also ranges from the Middle Cambrian into the Upper Cambrian of the Eureka district in Nevada. Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian. Chang Hsia formation in the basal layers just above the shales; a mile east-southeast of Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA (LIOSTRACUS) TROGUS, new species. Head small, transversely quadrilateral, exclusive of the free cheeks; moderately convex; glabella broadly truncato-conical and without 4@Mon. U.S, Geol. Sury., No. 8, 1884, p. 55, 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. traces of glabellar furrows; occipital furrow narrow and rather shallow, rising on the back to the rather strong rounded occipital ring; the latter is broad through the central portions, narrowing at the sides; dorsal furrow rounded and well defined. Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella; palpebral lobes small; ocular ridges very faint; frontal limb very narrow, in fact it is difficult to decide that the dorsal furrows do not unite with a depressed space in front of the elabella that merges into the frontal furrow; the latter is rounded, shallow, and defines the strong, slightly convex frontal rim; postero- lateral limbs short, marked with a very distinct transverse furrow, just within the posterior margin. Surface apparently smooth under a strong lens. This species differs from other forms in the very short frontal limb and flattened frontal rim. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Chang Hsia limestone, about 50 feet below the Ku San shale. Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. ‘ollected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PTYCHOPARIA (LIOSTRACUS) TUTIA, new species. Head small, strongly convex; glabella very convex, almost tumid; truncato-conical in outline, and without traces of glabellar furrows; occipital furrow narrow; occipital ring strong and narrow at the sides; none of the specimens show it entire at the center; dorsal furrow narrow and rather deep on the sides of the glabella; not distinctly defined in front. Fixed cheeks about two-thirds of the width of the glabella; palpe- bral lobes small, with their posterior end on a line with the longitu- dinal center of the head; ocular ridges narrow but very clearly defined; frontal limb gently convex, rather short, and very indistinctly sep- arated from the rather broad, almost flattened, frontal rim; postero- lateral limbs strong but short; marked by astrong transverse furrow just within the posterior margin. Surface minutely granulose. The largest head in the collection has alength of 4mm. This very pretty little head is of the general type of Ptychoparia tolus, but it differs in the greater convexity of the glabella and the form of the frontal limb. Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian. Chang Hsia limestone, central portion. Three and one-fourth miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 85 PTYCHOPARIA (LIOSTRACUS) THRASO, new species. Head subquadrilateral in outline, exclusive of the free cheeks; strongly convex; glabella prominent, convex, sides straight, and con- verging toward the front from a width of 6 mm. at the base to 4 mm. at the front in a glabella 6.5 mm. long; front arched, and with a pit in the furrow where the sides and front unite; three shallow broad furrows extend nearly to the center from each side, so as to divide the surface into two narrow lobes—a terminal lobe and a strong pos- terior lobe; occipital furrow strong and arching forward at the center; occipital ring narrow at the sides and gradually increasing in width to the center; dorsal furrow narrow and well defined. Fixed cheeks narrow; palpebral lobes central, and small; postero-lateral limbs short and marked by a broad strong furrow; ocular ridges low, but clearly defined; frontal limb short, gently convex, and sloping into a strong, rounded furrow within the rounded, narrow, prominent fron- tal rim. Surface smooth under a strong lens. A head 10 mm. in length has a width of 11 mm. at the eye lobes. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian. Base of Chang Hsia formation, in oolitic limestone, about 2 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. PROAMPYX Frech, subgenus of PTYCHOPARIA. Proampyx Frecn, 1902; Lethzea geognostica, I. Theil, Lethzea Palzeozoica, I, p. 66. Dr. Fritz Frech proposed the genus Proampyx for Anomocare acuminatum Angelin on account of the projection of the frontal border into a strong spine. He said:“ ‘*The peculiar very variously formed group of Anomocare acuminatum”’ with pointed glabella, seems to be the forerunner of Ampyx and is called Proampyx. The difference from the typical Anomocare with rounded head shield is striking. The separation of the genus Proampyx from the typical Conocephalidee follows from the transitional forms Avvonellus sulca- tus’ and A. difformis.” The spine of Ampyx acuminatus is in well preserved examples longer than in Angelin’s illustration. The spe- cies reminds most of Ampyx nasutus Dalman (Orthoceras limestone).” Doctor Frech in his statement appears to have overlooked the fact that the spine of the genus Ampyx is a spinose extension of the front of the glabella, while the nasute projection of the frontal rim of « Letheea geognostica, Pt. 1, Lethzea Paleeozoica, II, p. 66. b Angelin, Tril. pl. xvu, fig. 7. ¢ Anomocare Angelin, Tril., pl. xv1, fig. 6. dIdem, fig. 5. 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Anomocare acuminatum is from an entirely different division of the head of the trilobite and in no way can be correlated or compared with the glabella of Ampyx. On this account it is unfortunate that the name Proampyx was given. A similar nasute projection of the frontal border occurs on the head of the trilobite described as Ptychoparia? pernasutus Walcott.“ The glabella of the latter species is quite unlike that of Proampya acumi- natum, being more like that of Proampyx burea. On this account it is doubtfully referred to proampyx and it is left under the genus Ptychoparia, with Proampyx as a subgenus, until a further study can be made of all the forms in which the frontal border is extended into the nasute projection. PTYCHOPARIA (PROAMPYX) BUREA; new species. Head, exclusive of the free cheeks, quadrilateral in outline, convex. Glabella convex, truncato-conical in outline, with the front broadly rounded; surface marked by two pairs of faintly indicated furrows; occipital furrow rounded, narrow, and distinct; occipital ring narrow at the sides, of medium width, and slightly convex toward the center; dorsal furrow of medium width rather deep and distinct. Fixed cheeks convex, narrow, and about one-fourth the width of the glabella at the palpebral lobes; they slope gently back to the pos- tero-lateral Limbs, and abruptly downward in front of the narrow rounded ocular ridge to the frontal limb; postero-lateral limbs short, marked by a shallow furrow parallel to the margin; frontal limb short, and rising « short distance in front of the elabella into a nasute- like extension of the frontal rim, which rises up in front of the head; to the sides the frontal limb slopes abruptly downward and forward, forming a deep wide groove with the frontal rim; frontal rim not separable from the frontal limb at the sides, but rising immediately in front of the glabella into a broad nasute-like process, the height of which is unknown. Surface unknown except on the occipital ring, where it is marked by irregular, raised, inosculating lines that give it a granulose appear- ance. The type and only specimen of the head in the collection has a length of 10 mm., exclusive of the nasute-like projection on the frontal rim. This species is clearly distinguished hy the nasute-like projection on the frontal rim. This species differs from Proampyx acuminatum Angelin, in the short frontal limb and the form of the nasute projection; +also in the form of the glabella, and other parts of the central portions of the head. aMon. U.S. Geol. Sury., 1884, VIII, pl. x, figs. 8, 8b. No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. S7 Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, base of the Chao Mi Tien formation, in a coarse, fossiliferous gray limestone, 3 miles south- west of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. GenussSLVAN GE UINGIEAS nev genus: As there is but one species of this genus, the description of the species includes all that is known of the genus and species. The genus is characterized by the large palpebral lobes, smooth, truncato- conical glabella, and the long spinose extension of the front, which is unlike that of Ampyx, as the latter proceeds from the glabella, while the spine of Shangtungia is from the frontal rim, in the same manner as that of Proampyx acuminatum Angelin: but it differs radically from the latter genus and species in the character of the glabella and palpebral lobes. Genotype.—Shangtungia spinifera. SHANTUNGIA SPINIFERA, new species. Outline of head, exclusive of free cheeks and frontal spine, sub- rhomboidal, moderately convex. Glabella truncato-conical, slightly longer than its width at the base; at the postero-lateral angle of the glabella a small, low lobe extends out into and partially fills up the dorsal furrow; there is also a slight pit in the dorsal furrow opposite a point where a second glabellar furrow usually occurs in similar gla- belle; occipital furrow narrow, distinctly defined at the sides, but very shallow near the center; occipital ring slightly convex, strong, and of equal width from side to side; dorsal furrow deep at the sides and scarcely perceptible in front of the @labella. Fixed cheeks about two-thirds as wide as the glabella; they rise abruptly from the deep dorsal furrow, and then slope upward to the palpebral lobe; back of the palpebral lobe they drop somewhat abruptly to the postero-lateral limb, and in front to the furrow between the frontal limb and rim; ocular ridge very slight, scarcely perceptible in most specimens; palpebral lobe large, rounded, and rising at the margins above the level of the fixed cheeks; rim of the broad marginal border with an inward slope toward the fixed cheeks, but not any well defined furrow such as usually occurs on the palpe- bral lobes; the length of the palpebral lobe is about one-half of the distance between the furrow in front of the frontal limb and the pos- terior margin of the head; postero-lateral limb slender, and extending more than the width of the glabella outward from the dorsal furrow; frontal limb very short and scarcely separable from the downward slope of the front of the glabella; at the sides it merges into the fixed cheeks; it is separated from the frontal rim by a peculiar transverse 8S PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. furrow; the latter is formed of two slightly forward arching, nar- row furrows in front of the fixed cheeks, that merge into a very shallow furrow in front of the glabella; the central portion of the furrow arches slightly backward; the furrows are deepest opposite the antero-lateral angles of the glabella; frontal rim sub-triangular in outline, nearly flat, and extending forward at the center to form the base of a long, slender, rounded spine. Surface minutely punctate under a strong lens. A head 7 mm. in length, exclusive of the frontal spine, has a width of 9 mm. at the outer margin of the palpebral lobes; the @labella is 2.5 mm. at the base, and with the occipital ring is 5 mm. in length, the flat frontal rim and spine of a head of about the same size has a length of about 8 mm., the spine, at the point where broken off, having a width of 1 mm. I do not know of any other form closely related to this species. Proampyx acuminatum Angelin bas a similar nasute projection on the frontal rim, but it differs in the form of the glabella and palpebral lobes and other details of the head. The same is true of the species described as Ptychoparia pernasutus Waleott.@ Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Ku San shale forma- tion; 2.5 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus SOLENOPLEURA Angelin. SOLENOPLEURA ABDERUS, new species. This species is represented by the glabella, occipital ring, fixed cheek, and frontal rim. It is most closely related to S. acantha, but differs in the narrower fixed cheeks, and short, rounded, frontal rim. The surface is also marked by larger and many more pustules, which are scattered more or less irregularly over the surface. Three pairs of short glabellar furrows are faintly indicated upon the rounded sides of the somewhat convex glabella. The type specimen has a length of 8 mm., and a larger head associated with it of 12.5 mm. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, upper portion of the Chang Hsia formation, just beneath the Ku San shale, in a gray, rather coarse limestone; Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. SOLENOPLEURA ACANTHA, new species. General form of head, exclusive of free cheeks, transversely rhom- boidal and rather convex. Glabella prominent, convex, truncato- conical, with width at the base and length about the same; a short, 4Mon. U.S. Geol. Survey, VIII, 1884, p. 49, pl. x, fig. 8. NO, 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 89 lateral angle; a second pair of slightly marked furrows occurs upon the sides, next to the dorsal furrow, about midway of the length of the elabella; the sides slope inward from the base, so as to reduce the width of the rounded front to about two-thirds that of the base; oceip- ital furrow narrow, transverse, and deep; occipital ring narrow at the sides, broadening toward the center, where it is thick and convex; dorsal furrow very distinct at the sides and front. Fixed cheeks convex, but much lower than the glabella; they are about as wide at the palpebral lobe as the width of the elabella in front; their appearance of convexity is given by their downward slope toward the frontal rim and backward to the furrow just within the posterior margin; palpebral lobe small, situated about midway of the fixed cheek; no traces of ocular ridges are shown; a strong, slightly rounded, frontal rim is separated from the glabella and fixed cheeks by a narrow, rounded, transverse furrow; postero-lateral limb short, and marked by a narrow, deep furrow just within the raised vosterior margin. Surface marked by strong pustules in all parts with the exception of the dorsal furrow and furrow back of the frontal rim. In general form this species resembles So/enopleura agno and S. abderus. It differs from the former in the shape and convexity of the glabella and broader fixed cheeks and from the latter in the shape of its glabella, fixed cheeks and frontal rim. Formation and locality. Middle Cambrian, Chang Hsia formation, just below the Ku San shale; Chang Hsia, Shanetung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. SOLENOPLEURA ACIDALIA, new species. The description of S. agno applies to this species, except that it does not have the short frontal limb of the latter, and its frontal rim is nearly flat instead of rounded. The surface is smooth with the exception of a few large, low, scattered pustules. The head of the type and only specimen in the collection has a length of 4 mm. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, central portion of the Chang Hsia formation, in a compact, dove-colored limestone; Chang Hsia, Shanetung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. SOLENOPLEURA AGNO, new species. General form of head, exclusive of free cheeks, transversely sub- rhomboidal, convex. Glabella as long as the width at its base, the sides converging from the base toward the rounded front, so as to O() PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. narrow the glabella about one-fourth; a very slight trace of a short, posterior pair of furrows can be seen by reflected light; occipital furrow well defined by the downward curvature of the posterior mar- gin of the glabella, and rising of the surface of the occipital ring; the latter is narrow at the sides, gradually widening toward the center, which is most elevated a little in front of the posterior margin; dorsal furrow narrow, but clearly defined at the sides in front of the glabella. Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella at the center, rather convex, and sloping somewhat abruptly to the frontal rim; palpebral lobe small, situated about midway of the cheeks; postero- lateral limbs unknown; frontal limb very narrow in front of the gla- bella, convex, and curving down to the broad groove within the strong, rounded, frontal rim. Surface marked by low pustules that give it a roughened appear- ance. The type and only specimen of the head in the collection has a length of 6 mm. This species is characterized by its broad, short glabella, narrow frontal limb, and peculiar granulose surface. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, upper portion of the Chang Hsia formation, just beneath the Ku San shale, in a rather coarse, light-gray limestone. Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. SOLENOPLEURA BELUS, new species. This species is represented by a fragment of the head that includes the glabella and fixed cheeks. The glabella is moderately convex and narrows slightly toward the rather broadly rounded front; the surface is marked by a pair of short, oblique, posterior furrows and one ante- rior pair at about the anterior third; occipital furrow narrow, distinct, arching forward at the center and considerably deeper toward the end; occipital ring clearly defined, of moderate width, and slightly convex; dorsal furrow narrow and clearly defined. Fixed cheeks narrow, scarcely more than a ridge between the dorsal furrow and the palpebral lobe; posteriorly they slope downward to a long postero-lateral limb and anteriorly drop rather rapidly to the frontal limb; palpebral lobe a little more than one-third the length of the glabella; postero-lateral limb about as long as the width of the glabella in front, deeply grooved along its center by a furrow parallel to the elevated posterior margin; frontal limb short and slightly con- vex in front of the glabella; it passes into a shallow furrow within a slightly rounded frontal rim; the latter is broken away except at the ends. Surface marked by numerous scattered, rather small pustules. Length of head 6 mm., with a width at the palpebral lobes of 5 mm. No. 1415, CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 91 This species at first suggests S. agno, but differs from that and other species from China in its very narrow fixed cheeks and relatively large palpebral lobes. Formation and locality.—Middle (#) Cambrian limestone and shale, probably of the Ku San shale horizon, just below the Chao Mi Tien formation, at an elevation of 380 feet above the Wén Ho River, 12 miles 8S. 80° E. of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. SOLENOPLEURA BEROE, new species. The description of the general form S. agno applies very closely to this species. It differs from the latter in its broader fixed cheeks, shorter frontal limb, more clearly marked elabellar furrows, and minutely pustulose surface. The type and only specimen of the head in the collection has a length of 4 mm. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, Chao Mi Tien forma- tion, In a compact, gray, very fossiliferous limestone; 2.7 miles south- west of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shanetung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus DIKE VOCE PEHAEUs Owen. DIKELOCEPHALUS (?) BAUBO, new species. The description of Dikelocephalus (7) brizo applies to this form, with the exception that 2. (7) baubo has a more rounded front to the glabella, and its frontal rim and border vary somewhat in form. In J). (7) baubo the palpebral lobe is preserved, and shows it to have been relatively small and short and marked just within the rim by a rather deep furrow. A head of 7). (7) bawho 16 mm. in length has a glabella 12 mm. in length, frontal rim and limb 2 mim., and occipital furrow and ring 2 mm. in length; the glabella has a width of 9 mm. opposite the palpebral lobe. The surface is marked by strong scattered pustules over the glabella; but with little trace of them on the fixed cheeks and frontal rim. The two specimens of the head of this species in the collection vary somewhat in the form of the frontal rim, it being nearly flat in one and slightly concave in the other. The most nearly related form is 7). (7) brzo. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, upper portion of the Chao Mi Tien formation, in a compact, hard, fossiliferous, gray lime- stone; 2.7 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. DIKELOCEPHALUS (?) BRIZO, new species. This species is represented by the anterior portions of a large, moderately convex head, exclusive of the free cheeks. The glabella is subquadrilateral, with the sides slightly incurved and the front nearly transverse; it is marked by a strong pair of posterior furrows that penetrate obliquely backward nearly to the median line; a second pair incline slightly backward and penetrate to about one-third the distance across; a third pair, narrow and very slightly impressed, extend in at right angles to the sides a little less than one-third the distance; occipital furrow well defined, with a slight, elongate, pit-like depression at the anterior lateral angles of the glabella. Fixed cheeks very narrow, not much more than a ridge opposite the palpebral lobes; palpebral lobes unknown; ocular ridge rounded, and dividing the fixed cheek into the flat posterior portion and the rather rapidly sloping frontal portion that passes down into the concave frontal limb; frontal limb short, concave, and bordered by a rounded, thick, frontal rim. The fragmentary specimens representing this species indicate a length for the glabella of 22 mm., with a width in front of 14 mm.; the concave frontal limb has a length of 2.5 mm., and the thickened, rounded rim has a length of about 1.5 mm. The fixed cheek at the palpebral lobe has a width of 2 mm. Surface marked by numerous more or less irregularly placed strong pustules, except in the dorsal furrow and the concave frontal limb. This species is somewhat doubtfully referred to Dihkelocephalus. The form of the glabella, frontal rim, and narrow fixed cheeks suggest Dikelocephalus, ut the strongly pustulose surface is not character- istic of the typical forms of the genus. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of the Chao Mi Tien formation, in coarse, gray, fossiliferous limestone; Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus CREPICEPHALUS Owen. CREPICEPHALUS DAMIA, new species. Head semicircular in outline, with the postero-lateral angles termi- nating in round, somewhat incurved, spines. Glabella moderately convex, with the sides narrowing slightly toward the front, which is broadly rounded; length a little greater than its width at the occipital furrow; marked by three pairs of furrows; posterior pair extend obliquely inward and backward so as to almost separate a triangularly shaped lobe; second pair rather faint, extending directly inward a dis- tance of about one-third the width of the glabella, and then curving slightly backward; anterior pair very faint; occipital furrow rathez | | | No. 1415, CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 93 broad and strongly defined; occipital ring narrow at the ends, rounded, and rather strong in the central portions; dorsal furrows clearly defined on the sides, but obscure in front of the glabella. Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella; posteriorly they slope downward into postero-lateral limbs that are about twice as long as the width of the fixed cheeks; toward the front the fixed cheeks slope abruptly downward and merge into the frontal limb; ocular ridges low and broad, merging into the strong palpebral lobe; postero- lateral limbs grooved near the posterior margin by a strong furrow; frontal limb short, almost flat, and sloping abruptly from the front of the glabella down to the strong, nearly flat, frontal rim; the body of the associated free cheek is subquadrilateral in outline, marginal borders strong, clearly defined, and produced behind into a strong, slightly curved, rounded spine. Thorax unknown. The associated pygidium is quadrilateral in outline, exclusive of the strong, slightly diverging postero-lateral spines, which are a little longer than the length of the pygidium; sides of the pygidium sub- parallel or slightly diverging toward the base of the spine; posterior margin nearly transverse; axial lobe prominent, convex, and reaching nearly to the posterior margin; the sides converge slightly toward the bluntly pointed posterior end; divided by three transverse furrows into three segments and a strong terminal portion, which is marked at the point where the axis slopes abruptly downward by the small node on each side; the pleural lobes are limited to a rather large anterior lobe and an obscure secondary lobe, which appears to merge back- ward into the postero-lateral spine. Surface apparently smooth under a strong lens; a few scattered puncte occur on the glabella. The largest head has a length of 10 mm., with a width of 12 mm. at the palpebral lobes. This species differs from Crepicephalus cowensis, to which it appears to be most nearly related, by the form of the frontal limb and rim of the glabella and other details; the pygidium is not as broad, and it also differs in outline. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Chang Hsia formation, near upper part, in a dark oolitic limestone; in cliffs 1 mile east of Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. oO >? CREPICEPHALUS MAGNUS Walcott. The only portions of this species in the collection are a fragment of the posterior portion of the glabella and the outer portion of a large free cheek; the fragment shows that the glabella had a width at the base of 12 mm.; also, that there was a narrow, strong occipital groove Q4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. and an occipital ring over 3mm. in width. The surface of the frag- ment of the glabella is marked by strong pustules, which give it a somewhat granulose appearance. The cast of the fragment of the interior of the free cheek indicates that it was pustulose and that the postero-lateral angle terminated in a long, curved spine. The two fragments described are so distinctly marked by the coarse eranulation and the free cheek by its curved terminal spine that there is little danger of confusing it with any other species. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Chang Hsia formation, ina dark oolitic limestone toward the lower portion of the formation; a mile east of Chang Hsia and Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Biackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus DOLICHOMETOPUS Angelin. DOLICHOMETOPUS ALCESTE, new species. This species occurs at the same locality as 2. deois, but not in the same bed of limestone. It differs from 7). deovs in having a much more convex glabella, with nearly parallel sides. Glabella marked by a posterior pair of furrows, extending inward and backward so as to nearly cut off a small subtriangular lobe at the base of the glabella, also three pairs of short, faintly impressed furrows that extend in at right angles to the side of the glabella; occipital furrow and ring unknown; dorsal furrow shallow, but well defined. Fixed cheeks very narrow; they slope down into the strong furrow just within the narrow palpebral lobe and anteriorly slope down to the frontal limb; the rim of the palpebral lobe crosses the narrow free cheek, forming a very short ocular ridge; frontal limb short, nearly flat. The glabella of the only specimen of this species has a length of 12 mm., with a width at the ocular ridges of 8 mm.; the frontal limb has a length of 1.5 mm. The exterior surface under a strong lens shows a few fine scattered punctae. The inner surface of the frontal limb where exposed by a breaking away of a portion of the shell is strongly punctate. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian; near the base of the Chang Hsia formation, in a gray limestone in which great numbers of Agnostus chinensis, Dames, occur; 3 miles southwest of Yen Chuang, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. DOLICHOMETOPUS DEOIS, new species. This species is represented by the central portions of the head. Glabella and fixed cheeks moderately convex; glabella prominent, moderately convex, and marked by three pairs of rather short, very No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FA UNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 95 faintly impressed furrows; the sides of the glabella are sub-parallel for a short distance near the base and then are gently inclined outward to the rounded front margin; occipital furrow shallow, rounded, and merging into the strong occipital ring, the latter is narrow at the sides broadening rather rapidly to the base of a small, backward slop- ing occipital spine; the front the glabella curves rather abruptly down- ward, which gives the anterior portion a convex appearance; dorsal furrow shallow and distinctly defined at the sides of the elabella. Fixed cheeks narrow and slightly convex and sloping posteriorly downward to an elongate postero-lateral limb; in front of the pal- pebral lobe the cheeks slope abruptly down to the frontal limb; palpebral lobes a little longer than one-third the length of the head. There does not appear to be any definite ocular ridge. The elevated rim of the palpebral lobe approaches closely to the dorsal furrow, where it is merged into the downward slope of the fixed cheek; frontal limb short and slightly convex. Surface apparently smooth under a strong lens. On the anterior portion of a cast of the glabella there is indicated a very short fourth furrow close to the antero-lateral angle; the same specimen also shows what is the frontal limb in other heads divided into a short frontal limb and a narrow, slightly upturned rim. The largest head in the collection has a length of 17 mm. This species differs from the type of the genus 7. svec/eus Angelin in the greater convexity of the glabella, more convex frontal limb, and otber minor details of the glabella and fixed cheeks; from 2). d7rce it differs in the greater expansion of the glabella in front, and from 7). derceto in the configuration of the frontal limb. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Near the base of the Chang Hsia formation ina gray limestone, which carries great num- bers of Agnostus chinensis Dames. Three miles southwest of Yen Chuang and 3 miles west of Kao Chia Pu, Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. DOLICHOMETOPUS DERCETO, new species. This species is known only by the central portions of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks. Glabella moderately convex and expanding slightly in width from the base to the rounded front; the surface is marked by two pairs of rather strong, short furrows oppo- site the palpebral lobe; occipital ring strong and rather deep; occipi- tal ring narrow at the sides, rising and widening to form the base for a small, sharp, occipital spine; dorsal furrow strong on the sides of the glabella. Fixed cheeks narrow, convex; palpebral lobe narrow, elongate, almost touching the dorsal furrow in front; postero-lateral limb of 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. medium length marked by a strong furrow parallel to the posterior margin; frontal limb narrow, slightly concave, and almost concealed by the overhanging, almost tumid frontal portion of the glabella. Surface smooth under a strong lens. The largest of the three heads representing this species has a length of 7 mm. exclusive of the occipital spine. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Lower portion of Chang Hsia formation in a drab-colored limestone, intercalated in green nodular shale. “At Yen Chuang and 2 miles south. Hsin Tai, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. DOLICHOMETOPUS DIRCE, new species. Only the central portions of the head of this species are known. It differs from 7. deo¢s in the nearly parallel sides of the glabella, the absence of glabellar furrows, and very short, almost flat frontal limb. The occipital lobe is nearly one-half the length of the head. Surface under strong magnifier smooth. The type specimen of the head has a length of 11 mm. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Near the upper por- tion of the Chang Hsia formation. Two miles east of Chang Hsia, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Genus TEE ANURUS Efall- ILLAZENURUS CANENS, new species. Head, exclusive of the free cheeks, sub-rhomboidal in outline, mod- erately ‘convex. Glabella sub-quadrate, moderately convex, length and width the same, without perceptible occipital or dorsal furrows; palpebral lobes small, with their anterior end opposite the center of the glabella; frontal margin broadly rounded; postero-lateral limbs short and subtriangular in outline; the facial suture, cutting the frontal rim on a line with the base of the palpebral lobe, passes directly to the anterior margin of the palpebral lobe; it encircles the latter, and then, curving gently outward, passes in an almost direct line to the posterior lateral margin of the postero-lateral limb. Surface minutely punctate under a strong lens. The pygidia associated with the head parts are rounded, subtriangular in outline, and about two-thirds as long as the width at the anterior margin, rather convex, and marked on the interior of the cast by a faintly defined, rather narrow axis, and very slight traces of ten or more transverse furrows on the axis, that are more faintly indicated for a short distance on the pleural lobes. No, 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOT 97 —— == __— — — = The largest head in the oolileaien has a fenetn ef 14 mm., w ith the same W idth at the palpebral lobes; a pygidium 14 mm. in ingth has a width of 20 mm. This species appears to be most nearly related to //lenurus eurek- ensis,“ which occurs at the base of the Ordovician in the Eureka district of Nevada, but it differs in the smaller palpebral lobes, which are situated farther back on the head; and it differs from /. ceres in its proportionately longer head. This species is quite widely distributed in the Upper Cambrian lime- stone, in association with the following trilobites: ///enurus dictys, Menocephalus Lepressus, Pugodia Ala, Ves lotos, Piychaspis ceto. Formation and locality..-Upper Cambrian, lower portion of the Chao Mi Tien formation. At Chao Mi Tien; 7.5 miles east of Chao Mi Tien; at Pagoda Hill, 1 mile west southwest of Tai An Fu; and two-thirds of a mile west of Tai An Fu, Shanetung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ILLAZENURUS CERES, new species. Head, exclusive of the free cheeks, rounded subquadrate, moder- ately convex; the posterior margin of the head curves slightly upward opposite the glabella, where there is a shght thickening which gives the appearance of a narrow occipital ring; the front margin of the head is broadly curved. Glabella very faintly outlined on the interior of the cast; as thus shown it has a width at the base of 6 mm. and at the front of 4.5mm. ona head 11 mm. in length; its somewhat rounded front is about 1 mm. from the frontal rim of the head; no traces of glabellar furrows have been observed, and in only one specimen can the very faint dorsal furrow that outlines the glabella be seen. Fixed cheeks of the sume specimen 3 mm. in width at the palpebral lobes, from which they extend with almost uniform width to the front, and broaden slightly backward before merging into the short, trian- gular postero-lateral limbs; palpebral lobes small and situated back of a line passing through the transverse center of the head. The associated pygidium in the same fragment of rock is rounded subtriangular in outline, moderately convex, and without any indica- tion of an axis except a very narrow, slightly marked median ridge on the cast of the interior; a specimen 11 mm. in length has a width of 16 mm. at the front margin; a very slight elevation of the front margin near the center indicates that the axial lobe of this specimen had a width of about 6 mm. Surface minutely but not closely purictave under a strong lens. a ior U. Rocce coer VII, 1884, Deno, a xu, figs. 4 and 4a, Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——7 Ke) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. This species differs from /. canens by the greater width of the head at the palpebral lobes and less convexity; the associated pygidium is less convex, more subtriangular in outline, and without the indication of a central axis. The associated species on the same hand specimen are (tycasp/s ceto and Anomocarella carme. Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, lower portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, in gray, crystalline, fossiliferous limestone; Chao Mi Tien, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. ILLAZENURUS DICTYS, new species. Head, exclusive of the free cheeks, rounded, subquadrate, gently convex; the posterior margin of the head curves slightly upward opposite the central portion, where there is a slight elevation which gives the appearance of a narrow occipital ring; the front margin of the head is broadly rounded, with a very broad obtuse angle at the center; the cast of the interior of the crust shows a very faint, low, longitudinal median ridge. The glabella is not defined from the fixed cheeks. The palpebral lobes are small and situated nearly opposite the center of the head; postero-lateral limbs small and short. Surface smooth under a strong lens. The associated pygidium is transverse, rounded, subtriangular; front broadly rounded; sides gently rounded, forming a rounded obtuse angle at the posterior margin; the cast of the interior of the crust shows a narrow, slightly defined axis, with eight or more very faint transverse furrows and rings. The pleural lobes are gently convex and without any trace of furrows. A head 6 mm. in length has an equal width at the palpebral lobes. A specimen of the associated pygidium 7 mm. in length has a width of 8mm. at the front margin. ; This species differs from ///enurus ceres in the obtusely pointed front margin of the head and its less convexity. From ///enurus canens it differs in the direction of the facial sutures from the front marein back to the palpebral lobes; the sutures of //lanurus dictys extend slightly outward from the base of the palpebral lobe to the margin, while those of //lenuwrus canens extend directly forward, making the central portion of the head narrower at the front margin. Formation and locality. —Upper Cambrian. Central portion of Chao Mi Tien formation, Pagoda hill, 1 mile west and southwest of Tai An Fu, Shangtung, China. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. NO. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 99 OSERACODA. Genus BRADORIA Matthew. BRADORIA BERGERONI, new species. General outline broadly semielliptical. Hinge line straight, nearly as wide as the breadth of the valve; anterior cardinal angle about 80-; posterior cardinal angle slightly obtuse; the anterior margin is very shghtly curved from the angle to where it merges into the broadly rounded front; posterior margin somewhat broadly rounded from the angle to the front. Surface convex, the greatest convexity being back of the transverse center between the ocular tubercle and the posterior fourth of the valve. From this elevated portion the surface slopes rapidly and somewhat abruptly to the hinge line and more gently to the lower margin. From the anterior cardinal angle a very short, narrow ridge extends to a small, circular, slightly elevated tubercle which is situated about an equal distance from the hinge line and the anterior margin. The anterior, posterior, and lower margins have a narrow, rounded rim that is slightly flattened on the inner side. Surface marked by shallow scattered puncte and very fine puncte, as seen under a strong lens. Width of valve 1.8 mm.; length 1 mm; depth about 0.5 mm. This species is distinguished from 3B. sterope by its greater width and the form of the ocular tubercle. Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian; compact, bluish-gray, thin-bedded limestones; from shingle on gravel bar in the Lan H6, 1 mile south of Chén Ping Hsien, southeastern Shensi, China. Collected by Bailey Willis and Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. BRADORIA ENYO, new species. General outline irregularly oval. Hinge line about four-fifths the width of the valve. Anterior cardinal angle nearly a right angle; posterior cardinal angle slightly obtuse; the anterior margin extends from the angle almost directly downward to where it curves and merges into the broadly rounded lower margin; posterior margin very slightly rounded from the angle downward to where it curves and merges into the lower margin. Surface moderately and uniformly convex, the highest portion being near the center; a very short, nar- row, low, and somewhat obscure ridge extends obliquely inward from the anterior cardinal angle toa small, slightly elevated ocular tuber- cle; a sight furrow appears to extend from the tubercle obliquely to a point about midway of the hinge line; a little posterior to this and near the hinge line there appears to be a minute low tubercle. The surface appears to be minutely punctate under a strong lens. 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. Width of valve 1 mm.; length 0.75 mm.; depth about 0.25 mm. This species is distinguished from PZ. sterope by the difference in the form of the anterior cardinal angle and the position of the ocular tubercle. The latter is in about the same position as the tubercle on B. bergeron’, bat B. bergeron’ is quite different in its outline and convexity. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian; compact, bluish-gray, thin-bedded limestone; from shingle on gravel bar in the Lan H6, 1 mile south of Chén Ping Hsien, southeastern Shensi, China. Collected by Bailey Willis and Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. BRADORIA ERIS, new species. General outline obliquely semicircular. Hinge line straight; ante- rior cardinal angle about 70°; posterior cardinal angle slightly obtuse; anterior margin nearly straight to where it merges into the rounded lower margin; posterior margin gently rounded from the angle down to where it merges into the lower margin. Surface moderately con- vex, with the highest point at the tubercle a little in front of the cen- ter; a very narrow rim extends from the posterior cardinal angle around to the anterior side, where it broadens out and continues to the anterior cardinal angle; a slight narrow ridge extends obliquely inward a short distance from the anterior cardinal angle to a furrow that extends from the hinge line at rigbt angles a short distance; the ridge and furrow outline a small lobe; from the inner angle formed by the furrow and ridge described a very narrow ridge extends down- ward subparallel to the anterior margin to the base of a strong, elevated tubercle or spine that is situated on the anterior third a little in advance of the transverse center of the valve. Under a strong lens the surface appears to be slightly roughened by shallow puncte. Width, 2 mm.; length, 1.5 mm.; depth, about 0.5 mm. This species differs from Bradoria sterope in the outline of its valve and the presence of an elevated tubercle near the center. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian; compact, bluish-gray, thin-bedded limestone; from shingle on gravel bar in the Lan H6, 1 mile south of Chén Ping Hsien, southeastern Shensi, China. Collected by Bailey Willis and Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. BRADORIA FRAGILIS, new species. Hinge line nearly straight, about one-fifth shorter than the width of the valve. Posterior cardinal angle obtuse, with the marginal curve long and passing into the broad curve of the lower end of the valve; anterior cardinal angle about 75°, with the anterior margin nearly a » Ne eee aE EEE — — — No. 1415. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 101 straight to where it merges into the broad curve of the lower part of the valve. Surface of the valve wrinkled to such an extent that it looks like wrinkled parchment. What may be an ocular tubercle occurs a short distance from the hinge and anterior margin. Surface minutely punctate under a strong lens. Width, 2.25 mm.; length, 2 mm.; depth unknown, as the flexible test has been compressed. This species differs from Aduta flexi/is Matthew “ in having a straight hinge line; in this respect it resembles some forms of Leperditia. For the present it is referred to Bradoria on account of its close resemblance to Bradoria sterope. Formation and locality.—The specimens were collected from a fragment of compact, bluish-gray, thin-bedded limestone, containing fragments of a trilobite that suggests Dorypyge. On this account the horizon is referred to the Middle Cambrian. Collected from shingle on a gravel bar in the Lan H6, 1 mile south of Chén Ping Hsien, southeastern Shensi, China. Collected by Bailey Willis and Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. BRADORIA STEROPE, new species. Outline of shell obliquely semicircular. Hinge line straight, nearly as long as the width of the valve. Anterior cardinal angle about S0°; anterior curve obsolete; from the anterior cardinal angle the margin slopes downward and slightly inward, curving gently into the broadly rounded lower margin; posterior cardinal angle slightly obtuse; pos- terior margin curves gently from the angle to the broad curve of the lower side of the valve, which gives a broadly rounded posterior end. The valve is rather strongly convex, rising to the greatest height near the center. The surface is marked by a very narrow rim; from the anterior cardinal angle a narrow ridge extends obliquely inward about one-half the distance toward the center, and terminates in a slight tubercle; on the anterior side there are three shallow depressions, as though the surface had been indented; on the posterior side there is one larger depression directly back of the tubercle at the end of the ridge, and a slight depression in the angle formed by the ocular ridge, the hinge line, and the ridge between the two depressions. Surface with minute scattered puncte, as seen under a strong lens. The valve has a width of 1.125 mm.; length, 0.8 mm.; depth, about 0.25 mm. In outline this species resembles Bradoria fragil/s, it differs in its stronger shell and distinctly marked ridge and ocular tubercle. a@Trans. N. Y. Acad: Sci., XV, 1896, p. 198. 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX- For vee a ee _Middle € Cambrian; compact, pluish- eray, thin-bedded limestone; shingle on gravel bar in the Lan H6, 1 mile south of Chén Ping Hsien, southeastern Shensi, China. Collected by Bailey Willis and Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. BRADORIA WOODI, new species. Outline of shell obliquely semicircular. Hinge line straight, a little shorter than the greatest width of the shell. Anterior cardinal angle about 70°; posterior cardinal angle obtuse. Posterior margin has a gentle curvature from the angle, which gives it a broadly rounded outline down to where it merges into the broadly rounded lower side; anterior margin almost straight and then gently curving into the lower margin. Surface rather convex, with the highest portion at the ridge around the central depression. The outer rim is very narrow and slightly rounded. From the anterior cardinal angle a narrow, sharp ridge extends obliquely inward and forward to a little below the center and arches around a rather large, depressed central space, terminating a short distance before completing a circuit of the space; between the ridge described and the hinge line are two spaces outlined by the main ridge; of these the one nearest the ante- rior cardinal angle is somewhat depressed and outlined by a shallow furrow extending at right angles to the hinge line from the ridge to the hinge line. Ata point about two-thirds the distance of the leneth of the hinge line a short and very slight ridge extends toward the fines line from the main ridge; between this and the slight furrow there is a slightly convex area. Two minute tubercles occur on the long cen- tral ridge, one at the point where it begins the loop to inclose the depressed central space, and the other on the opposite side of the depressed space. Surface minutely punctate under a strong lens. Entire width of valve 2 mm.; length 1.25 mm.; depth about 0.5 mm. This species is Tevnemdies from Bradoria sterope by its wider valve and the presence of the central ridge and depressed space. The specific name is given in recognition of the most excellent and thorough preparatory work that was done by Miss Elvira Wood in the preliminary study of the Cambrian fossils from China and her work upon the Devonian crinoids. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian; compact, bluish-gray, thin-bedded limestone; from shingle on gravel bar in the Lan H6, 1 mile southeast of Chén Ping Hsien, southeastern Shensi, China. Collected by Bailey Willis and Eliot Blackwelder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. pees Ai antennae i i ee INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES. Page. | Page NCROLHCIER meee cat Seat cae Mah | SeaNe VeRO te Seer epee eer ea 1 Ames TMC Will sos se nce sc oes eee se Pulte eatepennnlowrckaiieerr ere cetera ce 2 Awa vite Wake hY kes seek. ase eae OVOntt lA [OLED ee ery epee ee wear an 1, 54 PAPMEINUDINU beer ee. a ee ret ee Dron Are SO COStablin wee ee eee | 1 Ap TRRTAWIS! Se See aig 4 eee a DOr ACRE ALAIN, veers o mae vee SST DeCaDS NGCrOURetam amie ae as ee SyA(G\-]| SANG NENNVOINNS! A aoe Se ee es Soe 5, 8, 53 ANS OR NOME), eee gel amet Be aa 5,6 leAmomocarella..- 2. /-......... 54,56, 57 AS shanetuneensis .--222222.2--5- GacHe eee DLOMIM me wee ne onthia: 3:25 Sasa tos sors see 4.6, LL Be rucosa orientalisss sss2 == ose= Dy Uy MG Se joumbanorreleoubis| 5-555 555555555s0- 1 SS. UNdt:. oseeceeee eee 47] | Aaeamthnoes: ee se encecceceaneeee 25 WENO NTE So seo ooscecoosoocKos IS Ze by Picalishenemeeere eee ence sees 26 SS CILCE See cic aoe sie erotics 4, 7,13 NEW HYMENOPTERA FROM THE PHILIPPINES. By Witiiam H. ASHMEAD, Assistant Curator, Division of Insects. Nearly all of the species of Hymenoptera described in this contri- bution were received from Rey. Robert E. Brown, 8S. J., within the past six weeks, and, since my last paper, Additions to the recorded Hymenopterous Fauna of the Philippine Islands, went to press. Many are in genera not before noticed in the islands. The new eenus, “ co) t=) Ayiegeria, was taken by Miss C. 8S. Ludlow on the Island of Mindanao, g : and is the first representative of the tribe XNoridini found in the Archipelago. Family CEROPALID. 1. PS9EUDAGENIA RUFOFEMORATA, new species. Female.—Leneth about 7mm. Black, subopaque, and clothed with an appressed whitish pubescence, slightly silvery beneath the antenne, on the anterior margin of the clypeus broadly, the cheeks, the pleura, the cox beneath, the metanotum posteriorly, and on the sides of the dorsal abdominal segments 2-6; the dorsal abdominal segments 3, 4, 5 and the base of the 6th are rather densely pubescent; the head on the vertex and in front and the thorax are very closely, finely punctate, opaque; the metathorax has a median longitudinal depression or fur- row; the palpi, except the first joint of the maxillary palpi, which is fuscous and stouter than the others, are pale ferruginous; the legs, except the front tibiz and the middle and hind femora which are red, and the front tarsi which are fuscous, are black; claws bifid; the first and second segments of the abdomen are without pubescence and are smooth and shining. Wings hyaline or at most only faintly tinted; the costal veins and the stigma are brown-black, the other veins ferru- ginous. The pronotum is transverse, not more than half as long as the mesonotum. Type.—Cat. No. 8486, U.S.N.M. — Manila. One specimen (Father Robert Brown.) PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXIX—No. 1416. 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. 2. PSEUDAGENIA IMITATOR, new species. Female.—Leneth 5.5mm. Resembles 2. 7fofemorata, but is much smaller, less densely pubescent, and more shining, the punctuation different and with different colored legs, the palpi being entirely fer- ruginous. The middle and hind cox, their femora, and the base of the hind tibiz, are red; the front legs, except the coxee, trochanters, except narrowly at apex, and the base of the femora, which are black, are dark brownish, the rest of the legs are black, or fuscous black; the thorax, although shiny, is finely shagreened, the pronotum with some sparse scattered punctures, the mesonotum with coarse, thimble- like punctures on each side of a triangular impunctate space down the center; the metathorax is rugulosely reticulately sculptured, without a median sulcus, but with a slight median carina or elevated line toward its base, the pubescence at apex dense is silvery white; the abdomen is smooth and highly polished, the first segment being entirely bare; the whitish or silvery white pubescence is distinct and somewhat dense on the sides of the second and third segments, while on the following segments, except the pygidium and the segments medially, it covers most of the surface. The wings are as in the pre- vious species, except that the front wings have a very faint fuscous tinge across their disks, not sufficiently distinct to be called a band. The pronotum is transverse-quadrate and very nearly as long as the mesonotum. Type.—Cat. No. 8437, U.S.N.M. Manila. One specimen (Father Robert Brown). 3. SPILOPOMPILUS STANTONI, new species. Female.--Length 6 mm. Black and shining, marked with white, as follows: A stripe on hind orbits, the front orbits, a large spot on each side of the clypeus anteriorly, a spot at base of the mandibles, the palpi, except the last two joints, the hind margin of the protho- rax, a spot above the base of the front coxe, a spot at the apex of the front femora, a spot at base of tibix, the tibial spurs and some of the spines of the legs, a stripe at base of hind tibie behind, and two large, transverse spots at base of the third dorsal abdominal segment, are white. Wings fuscous, the stigma, except a spot in the center, and the veins being black or brown-black. Type.—Cat. No. 8438, U.S.N.M. Manila. This interesting species was received from Father W. A. Stanton nearly two years ago. It resembles a North American species, Spelopompilus (Pompilus) biguttatus Fabricius, very closely and could be easily confounded with it; but it is much smaller, with the white markings different. S. b/guttatus has the legs wholly black, without the white stripe at base of the hind tibiz, so conspicuous in S. stantoni. NO. 1416. NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 109 Family BETHYLIDZ. 4. EPYRIS TAGALA, new species. Male.—Length, 3mm. Black and shining, with the mandibles, the antenne, except the five last joints which are fuscous, and the lees, except the front coxe which are black, and the hind femora which are brownish black medially, are ferruginous; palpi yellowish. The oblong head is very distinctly punctured, but the punctures are separated, or only a few here and there are confluent. The clypeus is triangularly pointed anteriorly, with a distinct median carina that extends between the antenne. The scape of the antenne is clavate, slightly curved and a little longer than the pedicel and the first joint of the flagellum united, the pedicel being very little longer than thick. The first three joints of the flagellum are of an equal length, about three and one-half times as long as thick, and cylindrical, the follow- ing joints slightly shortening. The depressed collar has some trans- verse elevated lines. The pronotum is distinctly but sparsely punctate. The mesonotum has two distinct parapsidal furrows that do not quite reach the anterior margin, and on either side is a delicate humeral line. The middle lobe is impunctate, except a row of minute punctures along the parapsidal furrows, the lateral lobes being sparsely but dis- tinctly punctate. The scutellum has a transverse furrow across the base and some sparse minute punctures on its disk. The metathorax is reticulately rugulose. The abdomen is much depressed, highly polished, with pubescence toward apex. The first segment or petiole with five or six grooves at base, separated by folds or carinze: wings hyaline, with a slight fuscous tinge. The tegule and base of costal vein flavo-testaceous; the other veins rufo-testaceous; the stigma darker or reddish brown. Type.—Cat. No. 8439, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Robert Brown.) This is the first species in the genus noted from the Philippines. 5. DRYINUS BROWNI, new species. Female.—Leneth T mm. Black; the four terminal joints of the antenne, the base of the scape, the apical margin of the bidentate clypeus, the palpi, the anterior coxe beneath and at apex, the middle and hind coxe very narrowly at apex, and the teeth of the longer jaw of the claspers of the front legs are white; wings hyaline, with two broad fuliginous bands on the front wines, one before the basal nervure, the other much broader extending across the wing from the base of the stigma to the apex of the radius or stigmal vein; the base of the stigma is white, corresponding with the white or hyaline band across the wing. eG) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. The sculpture is characteristic; the head is finely rugulose, sub- opaque, with some elevated lines in front of the ocelli, and a delicate carina extending from the front ocellus anteriorly to between the antenne; the antenne are slightly thickened toward apex, the third joint being very long and cylindrical, about three times as long as the scape and pedicel united; the large prothorax has a constriction pos- teriorly and is longitudinally striated, with a smooth space on its disk and at the lower lateral margins; the mesothorax is rugulose, the pleura with some transverse ridges or carine. The mesonotum has two delicate parapsidal furrows, the middle lobe, except just in front of the scutellum, being smooth and shining, the lateral lobes being finely, opaquely rugulose; the scutellum is opaque but not rugulose, and has four fovee across the base; the metathorax is long and rather coarsely reticulated with irregular elevated lines; the abdomen is smooth and highly polished. Type.—Cat. No. 8440, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Robert Brown.) This is one of the largest and handsomest species yet discovered, and will be found to be parasitic upon some large Rhyngotous insect belonging to the family /’u/qo- ride or Membracide. It shows some affinity with 2. stanton’ Ash- mead, recently described from the Philippines, but it is fully twice as large, quite differently sculptured, and with different colored antennz and legs. Family FORMICIDE. 6. COLOBOPSIS ALBOCINCTA, new species. Worker.—Length, 5 to 6 mm. Head, except a dusky blotch on the forehead, the mandibles, except the teeth, five in number, the antenne, the prothorax, except the anterior margin narrowly, and the legs, except the cox, trochanters, and the tibial spurs, the tibize beneath and the middle and hind tarsi, ferruginous or rufous; the blotch on the forehead, teeth of mandibles, middle tibiz beneath, the middle and hind tarsi, and the thorax, except the prothorax, are black or fuscous-black; the cox, trochanters, tibial spurs, and the apical margins of dorsal abdominal segments 1, 2, 3, 4, most of the apical seoment, and the venter, white. The head and thorax are very finely, coriaceously sculptured or finely, closely punctate, feebly pubescent, and with some sparse, erect hairs; the head shaped much as in (. corallina Roger, oblong-quadrate, obliquely truncate anteriorly; the eyes placed far posteriorly at the posterior lateral third; the mandibles. broad, coral red, 5-dentate; the scale of the abdominal petiole is transverse, seen from the side twice higher than long, the upper margin rounded with some sparse, erect hairs; the gaster is opaque or subopaque, microscopically coriaceously sculptured, almost smooth on the white apical margins. Pt No. 1416. NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. Jeg a Female.—Length 6.25 mm. Closely resembles the worker in struc- ture and size, but a little more robust, the thorax of a different shape, convex above, the mesonotum being fully twice as long as wide, with- out parapsidal furrows; the humeral grooved line is slightly indi- cated posteriorly; the scutellum is well defined, with the axille widely separated. The head and thorax are black, very finely closely punctulate or shagreened, and opaque, the pronotum and pleura with delicate wrinkles; the legs are mostly black, with the front and hind tibiz outwardly alone rufous, the tibial spurs being white; the abdomen has the white markings different from the worker. The first and sec- ond dorsal segments have an oblong white spot at their apical middle and a white spot at their lower hind angles; the apex of the third dorsal segment is margined with white; while some of the ventral segments are also margined with white, the second broadly so. The seale of the petiole is transverse, rounded above. Wings hyaline, or only faintly dusky, the stigma and veins yellowish, the basal nervure straight, the cubitus arising from above its middle and forked far beyond its union with the radius, which is straight and almost perpen- dicular. Type.—Cat. No. 8441, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Robert Brown.) 7. APHOMYRMEX EMERYI, new species. Female.—Length 2.8 mm. Luteous, smooth and impunctate, with- out pubescence, the disks of the dorsal abdominal segments broadly tinged with brownish, the tarsi whitish. The head is oblong, quad- rangular, fully one and a half times as long as wide, the hind margin almost straight, very slightly emarginate, the angles rounded, the eyes oval, black, facetted and placed much before the lateral middle; mandi- bles rather large, triangular, decussate, the masticatory margin very broad, the apical half armed with four distinet teeth, the basal half apparently edentate; the antenne are apparently 10-jointed and widely separated at base, the scapes not quite attaining the apex of the head; the pedicel is obconical, longer than wide at apex, the flagellum sub- clavate, gradually thickened toward apex, the club not distinctly dif- ferentiated. The thorax is about three times as long as wide, not wider than the head, rounded anteriorly, but with a short, distinct neck; posteriorly itis slightly narrowed, the metathorax witha rounded slope; the mesonotum is convex above, without a trace of parapsidal furrows. The abdomen 1s comparatively large, elongate oval, considerably longer than the head and thorax united and much stouter, its base pressing close to the metathorax and entirely concealing the scale; the scale as seen from the side is wedge-shaped, the gaster is composed of only four visible segments, all of an equal length; legs bare, the hind tibial 112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. spurs well developed, their tarsi much longer than the hind tibiz. Wings hyaline, the veins pale. Type.—Cat. No. 8442. Manila. Described from a single specimen, received from Father Brown, found in a vial of alcohol with other small Hymenoptera. The species is named in honor of Prof. C. Emery, the eminent European myrmecologist, who only recently characterized the genus Aphomyrmenx. Family SCELIONID. 8. HOPLOTELEIA PACIFICA, new species. Female.—Length 2mm. Black, with the legs, except the coxe and a spot toward the apices of the femora, the last joint of the front tarsi, the three last joints of the middle tarsi, and the whole of the hind tarsi, which are black or fuscous, red. Head above and on the temples and cheeks reticulately punctate, the face with a deep, smooth emargina- tion; thorax reticulately punctate, the four lobes of the mesonotum finely shagreened, the surface near the insertion of the wings lineated, the scutellum and the metathorax reticulated; the abdomen has the three basal segments finely punctate, the base of the second and the petiole crenulated, the three apical segments smooth. Wings subhyaline, the tegule black, the subcostal vein testaceous, the marginal, postmarginal and stigmal veins black. Type.—Cat. No. 8443, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Brown.) This is the first species in the genus to be described from Asia, the others being peculiar to North and South America. Family FIGITID %. g. PENTAMEROCERA PACIFICA, new species. Female.—Length 0.8 mm. Black, highly polished; the antenne, except the last five Joints, which are enlarged, are dark red, the last five joints, which constitute the club, are black or dark fuscous; the legs, including the coxe, are yellowish red; wings hyaline, the veins light brownish, yellowish in the thinner parts. The cup of the scutel- lum is small, oval, with a puncture anteriorly, and a row of micro- scopic punctures at the lateral margins. The first two joints of the antennee are oval, about equal in size and much stouter than the funicle; the first joint of the funicle is subelavate, about thrice as long as thick at apex; the following joints to the club gradually become shorter but thicker; the club joints are enlarged, oval, all a little longer than thick. Type.—Cat. No. 8444, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Robert Brown.) This is the first species described in the genus from the Philippines. — No. 1416. NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. ge) es 10. HEXAMEROCERA KIEFFERI, new species. Female.—Length 1.3mm. Black, highly polished; the antenne are very dark red, the joints of the 6-jointed club ellipsoidal, nearly thrice as long as thick, and beautifully fluted; the scape is a little longer than the pedicel, which is almost round; the funicle is slender, the first joint being about thrice as long as thick, the second joint hardly two-thirds as long as the first, while the following joints gradually become shorter and shorter, the last joint being scarcely longer than thick. The cup of the scutellum is oval, flat above, with a large puncture pos- teriorly and two minute punctures near each lateral margin. Wings hyaline, the veins brownish yellow, the subcostal vein pale yellowish. Type.—Cat. No. 8445, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Brown.) This species is named in honor of Abbé J. J. Kieffer. Family EULOPHID. 11. TETRASTICHOIDES BROWNI, new species. Female.—Length 1.8 mm. Aeneous black, the thorax above with a slight brassy tinge in certain lights; scape of the antenne and the legs, including the coxe, pale yellow; pedicel and flagellum brown- black, the latter pubescent. Wings hyaline, pubescent, the veins, except the stigmal vein which is brown, yellowish. The whole insect is smooth and impunctate, the punctures usually present on the meso- notum, especially along the parapsidal furrows, being entirely absent. The absence of punctures and the color of the legs and antenne render the species easily recognized. Type.—Cat. No. 8446, U.S.N.M. Manila. Only one specimen found ina vial of alcohol with other microhymenoptera. Family ICHNEUMONID 2. 12, CRATICHNEUMON MANIL&Z:, new species. Female.—Length 7mm. Black; a spot on each side of the clypeus, the face, except a median black spot, the front orbits to back of the eyes, the palpi, an annulus on the antenz, the upper margin of the pronotum broadly on each side to the tegule, a spot beneath the teg- ule, a large spot on the mesopleura, the post-tegule and the extreme base of the cost, the scutellum, a spot on each hind angle of the metathorax, the front coxe, except a reddish spot beneath, the front trochanters, the apex of the middle coxe and their trochanters, the apex of the first joint of the hind tarsi, joints 2 and 3 entirely and the fourth joint beneath, a band at apex of the first segment of abdomen, a spot on the hind angles of the second and third segments, a spot on Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05 8 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. the middle of the fifth segment and the dorsums of the sixth and seventh segments, white; the rest of the legs, except the hind tibiv outwardly and at apex, the tibial spurs and the rest of hind tarsi which are black or fuscous, are red. The head is sparsely punctate, the mesonotum more closely, distinctly punctate, the metathorax with some small, sparse punctures but completely areolated, the areola being horse-hoof shaped; the abdomen is sparsely punctate on the petiole, thickly, finely, opaquely punctate on the second and third segments, while the following segments, except some minute punctures on the fourth segment basally, are smooth and shining; the gastrocoeli on the second segment are represented by shallow transverse cicatrices near the basal lateral angles. Wings hyaline, the veins black or brown- black, the inner apical margin of the stigma broadly yellowish. Type.—Cat. No. 8447, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Brown.) RHYNCHOPRION CA®CATA (Enderlein) Baker. 1901. ENpdeRLELN, Zool. Jahrb., p. 549 (Sarcopsylla cxecata). 1901. ENpeRLEIN, Deutsches Tief-see Exped., 1898-99, III, p. 263 (Sarcopsylla cecata). 1904. Tirasoscui, Archiy. de Parasit., VIII, p. 306 (Sarcopsylla cxcata). Flost.— Mus rattus. TTabitat.—Brazil. 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, RHYNCHOPRION PENETRANS (Linnzus) Oken. 1815. Oxen, Naturgesch. f. alle Stande, III, p. 402. 1864. Karsren, Beitrag. zur Kenntnis des Rhynchoprion penetrans. 1901. Experuer, Zool. Jahrb., p. 551 (Sarcopsylla penetrans) . 1901. Exprervery, Deutsches Tief-see Exped., 1898-99, III, p. 263 (Sarcopsylla penetrans). 1903. Wantaren, Archiv fiir Zool., I, p. 195 (Sarcopsylla penetrans). 1904. Tiraposcnt, Archiy. de Parasit., VIII, p. 3807 (Sarcopsylla penetrans). Habitat.--Tunis, German East Africa, Cameroon. Genus ARGOPSYLLA Enderlein. ARGOPSYLLA GALLINACEA (Westwood) Enderlein. 1875. Westwoop, The Entom. Mo. Mag., XI, p. 246 (Sarcopsyllus gallinaceus). 1901. Enperuern, Zool. Jahrb. Abth. f. syst., XIV, p. 552 (Sarcopsylla gallinacea). 1901. ENpERLEIN, Deutsches Tief-see Exped., 1898-99, III, p. 263. 1903. Trraposcni, Archiy. de Parasit., VII, p. 124-132 (Sarcopsyllu gallinacea). 1904. Baker, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VII, p. 375 (Xestopsylla gallinacea). 1904. Trraposcut, Archiy. de Parasit., VIII, p. 303 (Sarcopsylla gallinacea). Habitat.—German East Africa. ARGOPSYLLA RHYNCHOPSYLLA (Tiraboschi) Baker. 1904. Tirasoscut, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 309 (Sarcopsylla rhynchopsylla). Host.— Mus alewandrinus. Habitat.—Italy. Genus ECHIDNOPHAGA Olliff. ECHIDNOPHAGA AMBULANS Olliff. 1886. Ouurrr, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), I, p. 172. 1904. Baker, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XVII, p. 439. Family MALACOPSYLLID/K. Genus MALACOPSYLLA Weyenbergh. MALACOPSYLLA AGENORIS Rothschild. 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 53 (Megapsylla grossiventris, male— not Weyenbergh). 1904. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 606. Hosts.—Dasypus minutus, Cataphractus minutus. Habitat. —Argentine and Patagonia. MALACOPSYLLA ANDROCLI Rothschild. 1904. Roruscuiip, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 604. Host.— Canis griseus. Habitat.—Santa Cruz, Brazil. NO. 1417. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 139 MALACOPSYLLA GROSSIVENTRIS Weyenbergh. 1879. WEYENBERGH, Bull. Acad. Nat. Cienc. Répub. Arg., III, pp. 188-193 ( Pulex grossiventris ). 1881. WrYENBERGH, Periddico Zooldgico, III, pp. 270, 271. 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe., VI, p. 53 (Megapsylla grossiventris, female). 1903. WaAHLGREN, Archiv fur Zool., I, p. 194 ( Megapsylla inermis). 1904. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 604. Family LYCOPSYLLID Baker. GenusseyC OPS Wak AS Rothschild LYCOPSYLLA NOVUS Rothschild. 1904. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 602. Host.— Phascolomys mitchell. Habitat.—New South Wales. amily PULICID. Subfamily VE RMIPSY LLIN 4%. Genus VERMIPSYLLA Schimkewitsch. VERMIPSYLLA ALACURT Schimkewitsch. 1903. Waaner, Revue Russe d’Entom., No. 5, p. 296. Genus GH A; TrORSYELEA Kohawut. CHATOPSYLLA MIKADO Rothschild. 1904. Roruscaitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 645. Host.—- Mustela itatsi. LHabitat.—Japan. CHAE TOPSYLLA ROTHSCHILDI Kohaut. 1903. Konaur, Magyar. bolhai, p. 40. 1903. WaGNner, Revue Russe d’Entom., No. 5, p. 295 ( Vermipsylla rothschild:). TTost.— Putorius putorius. Tabitat.— Hungary. CHATOPSYLLA STRANDI (Wahlgren) Baker. 1903. WantGreN, Archiy fiir Zool., 1, p. 190 ( Vermipsylla strand:). Tlost.— Ursos arctos. Tlabitat.—Norway. CHA TOPSYLLA TRICHOSA Kohaut. 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 39. 1903. WaGcner, Revue Russe d’Entom., No. 5, p. 296 ( Vermipsylla trichosa). Flost.— Meles tarus. Habitat.—Hunegary. 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, CHAE TOPSYLLA TUBERCULATICEPS (Bezzi) Baker. 1890. Brzzi1, Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., X XII, pp. 30-33 (Pulex tuberculaticeps). 1903. Wacner, Revue Russe d’Entom., No. 5, p. 296 ( Vermipsylla tuberculati- ceps ). . CHAETOPSYLLA URSI (Rothschild) Baker. 1902. Roruscuitp, Entom. Record, XIV, No. 3 (Pulex ursi). 1904. Baxer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX VII, p. 468 (Pulea ursi). 1903. WaGner, Revue Russe d’Entom., No. 5, p. 296 ( Vermipsylla wrsi). Host.— Ursus horribilis. HTabitat.—Alberta, Canada. CHATOPSYLLA VULPES (Motschulsky) Baker. 1840. Morscuutsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscou, p. 171 (Pulex vulpes). 1880. TascHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 66 (Pulex globiceps). 1896. Merrnert, Pulicidze Danicee, p. 4 (Pulex vulpes). 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 38 (Chextopsylla globiceps). 1903. Wanuaren, Archiy fir Zool., I, p. 188 ( Oncopsylla vulpes). 1903. WaaGner, Revue Russ. d’Entom., No. 5, p. 295 ( Vermipsylla globiceps). Habitat.—Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Greenland (7). Subfamily ANOMIOPSY LLIN 42 Baker. Genus ANOMIOPSYLLUS Baker. on ANOMIOPSYLLUS CALIFORNICUS Baker. 1904. Baxerr, Invert. Pacifica, I, p. 39. Host. Spilogale phenax. Habitat.—Claremont, California. Subfamily PULICIN 4%. q GenuisstGONlO PS Vw Ss Ballk 1904. Rorascuitp, Entomologist, Jan., p. 3. st.—JSaculus jaculus. Habitat.—Bir Victoria, Egypt. PULEX RAMESIS Rothschild. 1904. Roruscaitp, Entomologist, Jan., p. 2. Flosts.— Gerbillus tarabuli, Pachyuromys duprasi natronensis. flabitat.—Bir Victoria, Egypt. PULEX REGIS Rothschild. 1908. RoruscHiLp, Novitat. Zool., X, p. 312 Flost.— Meriones rex. Habitat.—South Arabia. PULEX RIGGENBACHI Rothschild. 1904. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 611. FHlost.—ITystria cristata. Habitat.—Morocco and Cape Colony. Genus RHOPALOPSYLLUS Baker. RHOPALOPSYLLUS AUSTRALIS (Rothschild) Baker. 1904. Rorascuiup, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 618 (Pulex australis). Hosts.— Dicotyles labtatus, Tatusia novemcincta, Speothos venaticus. Habitat.—Brazil and Bolivia. RHOPALOPSYLLUS BOHLSI (Wagner) Baker. 1901. WaGner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XV, p. 21 (Pulex bohlsi). RHOPALOPSYLLUS CLEOPHONTIS (Rothschild) Baker. 1904. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 614 (Pulex cleophontis ). Llost.— Muletia septemcincta. fHabitat.—Argentina, Paraguay, and Minas Core Brazil. RHOPALOPSYLLUS COCYTI (Rothschild) Baker. 1904. RoruscHitp, Novyitat. Zool., XI, p. 617 (Pulex cocyti). Host.—‘* Burrowing rat.” Habitat.—Chile. RHOPALOPSYLLUS CONCITUS (Rothschild) Baker. 1904. RoruscuiLp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 615 (Pulex concitus). Flost.—Kerodon boliviensis. Habitat.—Sucre, Bolivia. 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. RHOPALOPSYLLUS CORFIDII (Rothschild) Baker. 1904. RoruscHitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 619 ( Pulex corfidii). [ost.— Octodon degus. Habitat.—V alparaiso, Chile. RHOPALOPSYLLUS KLAGESI (Rothschild) Baker. 1904. RoruscuiLtp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 620 (Pulex klagesi). Host.—** Spring rat.” Habitat.—V enezuela. RHOPALOPSYLLUS LUTZII Baker. 1903. Baker, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVII, p. 380 (Pulex lutziv). RHOPALOPSYLLUS SIMONSI (Rothschild) Baker. 1904. Rorascutip, Novitat. Zool., X1, p. 616 ( Pulex simonst). Hosts.—Neoctodon simonsi, Akodon albivener. Habitat.—Bolivia. Genus HOPLOPSYLEUS Baker: HOPLOPSYLLUS AFFINIS Baker. 1903. Baker, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VII, p. 382 (Pulex affinis). HOPLOPSYLLUS ANOMALUS Baker. 1903. Baker, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VII, p. 381 (Pulex anomalus). HOPLOPSYLLUS LYNX Baker. 1903. Baker, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VII, p. 383 (Pulex lynx). HOPLOPSYLLUS GLACIALIS (Taschenberg) Baker. 1880. TASCHENBERG, Die Fléhe, p. 76 (Pulex glacialis). 1903. WaAnHLGREN, Archiv flr Zool., I, p. 185 ( Pulex glacialis). Tlost.—Lepus glacialis. Habitat.—Greenland. Genus PARAPSYLLUS Enderlein. PARAPSYLLUS LONGICORNIS Enderlein. 1901. EnNperRLeEIN, Zool. Jahrb. Abth. f. syst., XIV, p. 553 ( Pulex longicornis) . 1903. ENDERLEIN, Deutsches Tief-see Exped., 1898-99, III, p. 261. Tost.— Eudyptes clusocome (Pinguin). THabitat.—St. Paul Island. No. 1417. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 145 Genus CTENOCEPHALUS Kolenati. CTENOCEPHALUS CANIS (Curtis) Baker. 1882. Bruat, Zootom. aller Thierklassen, fase. 26-27 (Pulesw canis). 1896. Mernert, Pulicidze Danice, p. 7 ( Pulex canis). 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 34 (Pulex canis) and p. 35 (Pulex felis). 1903. WantGren,.Archiy fur Zool., 1, p. 185 (Pulex canis). 1903. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., X, p. 315 (Pulex felis). 1904. TiraBoscu1, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII (Ctenocephalus serraticeps, p. 254, and C. serraticeps var. murina, p. 259). 1905. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 192 ( Pulex canis and Pulex felis). Hlosts.— Canis imesomedas, Mus decumanus, Mus rattus alevan- Arinus. Habitat.—Italy. Genus SPILOPSYLLUS Baker. SPILOPSYLLUS ERINACEI (Leach) Baker. 1832. Leacn, in Curtis Brit. Ent., IX, no. 417 (Ceratophyllus erinacet). 1878. Daur, Hist. of Glanvilles Wooton, p. 291 (Pulex gleis part). 1896. Meinert, Pulicidee Danicee, p. 7 (Pulex erinace?). 1903. Kouaur, Magyar. bolhai, p. 36. 1903. RoruscHiLp, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, p. 145. SPILOPSYLLUS INAEQUALIS Baker. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 164 ( Pulex inaequalis). SPILOPSYLLUS LEPORIS (Leach) Baker. 1852. Leacu, in Curtis Brit. Ent., IX, no. 417 (Ceratophyllus leporis). 1878. Dae, Hist. of Glanvilles Wooton, p. 291 (Pulex cuniculi). 1880. TascHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 82 (Pulex goniocephalus). 1903. RoruscHitp, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XLV, p. 145 (Pulew cuniculi). SPILOPSYLLUS SIMPLEX Baker. 1895. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VII, p. 164 (Pulex inaequalis var. simplex). Genus ODONTOPSYLLUS Baker. ODONTOPSYLLUS MULTISPINOSUS Baker. 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 54 (Pulex multispinosus). 1903. Baker, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VII, pp. 389, 445 (Ceratophyllus multi- Spinosus ). ODONTOPSYLLUS DENTATUS Baker. 1903. Baker, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVII, p. 390 (Ceratophyllus dentatus). ODONTOPSYLLUS CHARLOTTENSIS Baker. 1898. Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 56 ( Pulex charlottensis). 1905. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 174 (Ceratophyllus charlottensis). [osts.— Peromyscus leucopus, Peromyscus arcticus, Neotoma cinerea, Evotomys saturatus. Habitat.— British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——10 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. ODONTOPSYLLUS TELEGONI (Rothschild) Baker. 1905. Roruscnuitp, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 172 (Ceratophyllus telegoni). Hosts.—Microtus drummondii, Evotomys gapper?. Tlabitat.— Western Canada. Genus DASYESYEEUWSsS Bakker: DASYPSYLLUS PERPINNATUS Baker. 1903. Baker, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XX VII, p. 391 (Ceratophyllus perpinnatus). | Genus CERATOPHYLLUS Curtis. CERATOPHYLLUS ABANTIS Rothschild. 1905. Rorascnitp, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 164. Tlosts.— Putorius longicaudatus, Microtus drummondic, | THabitat.—British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. 7 CERATOPHYLLUS ACAMANTIS Rothschild. 1905. Roruscnitp, Novitat. Zool., XU, p. 156. Tlosts.— Mephitis spissigrada, Arctomys flaviventer avarus, Lutreola energumenos, Canis latrans. Tlabitat.—British Columbia. CERATOPHYLLUS ACUTUS Baker. 1904. Baker, Invert. Pacifica, I, p. 40. [ost.— Spermophilus sp. Tabitat.—Stanford University, California. CERATOPHYLLUS AGILIS Rothschild. 1905. Roruscnitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 167. Tlosts.—-Neotome cinerea, Ochotoma princeps, Putorius longicaudatus, Sciurus richardsoni haileyt. Tabitat.—British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. 1904. Rormscnitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 634. CERATOPHYLLUS AGRIPPINZ Rothschild. Llosts.— Otomys hranti, Otomys unisulcatus. | LHabitat.—Cape Colony. CERATOPHYLLUS AHAL Rothschild. 1904. Roruscnitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 631. Tost. —‘** Small jungle squirrel.” Tlabitat.—Sidapur, India. No. 1417. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. heb CERATOPHYLLUS ALLADINIS Rothschild. 1904. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 652. /Tost.—** Small jungle squirrel.” /labitat.—Sidapur, India. CERATOPHYLLUS ANGULATUS Wahlgren. 1903. WAHLGREN, Archiv ftir Zool., I, p. 184. Hlost.— Lestris parasitica. Habitat.—Norway. CERATOPHYLLUS BACCHI Rothschild. 1905. Rorascuitp, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 159. Tlost. Spermophilis 13-lineatus. Flabitat.— Alberta, Canada. CERATOPHYLLUS CALIFORNICUS Baker, var. ENDYMIONIS (Rothschild) Baker. 1904. Rorsscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XL, p. 6384 ( Ceratophyllus endymionis). Tlost.— Marmosu elegans. FHabitat.—V alparaiso, Chile. CERATOPHYLLUS COLUMB Walker. 1908. Waaner, Horae Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 292. CERATOPHYLLUS CONSIMILIS Wagner. 1904. Tirasoscat, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 268. CERATOPHYLLUS DALEI Rothschild. 1903. RoruscHitp, Entomologist, Dec., p. 297. Flost.—** Wood pigeon.” Habitat.—Glanvilles Wooton, Dorsetshire, England. CERATOPHYLLUS DORIPP4ZE Rothschild. 1904. Rornscuiip, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 636. Tost.— [lerpestes badius. Tlabitat.—Cape Colony. CERATOPHYLLUS EUMOLPI Rothschild. 1905. Roruscnitp, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 161. Tlosts.—Tamias borealis, Hutamias quadrivittatus affinis. Habitat.—British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, CERATOPHYLLUS EUPHORBI Rothschild. 1905. Roruscuiip, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 165. Hlost.— Peromyscus canadensis. Tlabitat.—British Columbia. CERATOPHYLLUS FASCIATUS Bosc. 1878. Dar, Hist. of Glanvilles Wooton, p. 291 (Pulex furoris). - 1896. Mernert, Pulicidee Danicee, p. 5. 1993. Konaur, Magyar. bolhai, p. 42. 1903. Roruscuitp, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, p. 145. 1904. Trraposcut, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 262. Labitat.—Svdney. CERATOPHYLLUS FRINGILLZE (Walker). 1856. Waker, Dipt. Britt., III, p. 4 (Pulex fringillx). 1903. Roruscuitp, Entom. Record, XV, No. 12, p. 308. CERATOPHYLLUS GALLIN£ Schrank. 1878. Daur, Hist. of Glanvilles Wooton, p. 291 (Ceratopsyllus monedulx, Cera- topsyllus turdi part, Ceratopsyllus merule part, Ceratopsyllus cinerex part, Ceratopsyllus spini, Ceratopsyllus nas). 1896. Metnert, Pulicidee Danicze, p. 5. 1908. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 45. 1903. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XVI, p. 292. 1903. Rorascnitp, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, pp. 145-146. 1904. Tiraposcu1, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 273. CERATOPHYLLUS GALLINUL£: (Dale). 1878. Daur, Hist. of Glanvilles Wooton, pp. 291, 292 (Ceratopsyllus gallinule, Ceratopsyllus turdi part, Ceratopsyllus merule part, Ceratopsyllus garrult Ceratopsyllus pyrrhule, Ceratopsyllus citrinelle, Ceratopsyllus pratensis, Ceratopsyllus atricapillie, Ceratopsyllus cinerex part, Ceratopsyllus caudat). 1901. Roruscnitp, Ent. Record, XIII, p. 284 ( Ceratophyllus newsteadt). 1903. WaaGner, Horee Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 291 ( Ceratophyllus newsteadt). 1903. RoruscHitp, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, pp. 145-146. CERATOPHYLLUS GRCENLANDICUS Wahlgren. 1903. Wauuaren, Archiv ftir Zool., I, p. 183. Tlost.— Myodes torquatus. Habitat.—Greenland. CERATOPHYLLUS HENLEYI Rothschild. 1904. Rornuscnitp, Entomologist, Jan., p. 3. Hosts.— Gerbillus tarabuli, Pachyuromys duprast natronensis. Habitat.—Bir Victoria, Egypt. No. 1417. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 149 CERATOPHYLLUS HILLI Rothschild. 1904. Rorascnitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 622. Hosts.— Bettongia penicillata, Dasyurus viverinus, Parameles nasutd, Habitat.—West Australia and New South Wales. CERATOPHYLLUS HIRUNDINIS Curtis. 1903. Waaner, Hore Soe. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 292. CERATOPHYLLUS ITALICUS Tiraboschi. 1904. Trraposcnt, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 266. Hosts.— Mus decumanus, Mus rattus alernandrina, Mus musculus, Mus silvaticus. Habitat.—\taly. CERATOPHYLLUS LAGOMYS Wagner. 1904. Trrasoscnt, Archiy. de Parasit., VIII, p. 269. CERATOPHYLLUS LUCIFER Rothschild. 1905. Roruscnitp, Novitat. Zool., NIT, p. 170. Host.—Microtus drummond). Habitat.—Al\hberta, Canada. CERATOPHYLLUS MELIS (Leach) Curtis, 1896. Merert, Pulicide: Danice, p. 6. 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 44. CERATOPHYLLUS MUSTELZ Dale. 1878. Dag, Hist. of Glanvilles Wooton, p. 291 (Puler mustele) . 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 565. 1903. Rorsscuitp, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, p. 145 (Pulex mustele) . 1904. Trraposcut, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 268. CERATOPHYLLUS NOV EGUINE Rothschild. 1904. Rorascuinp, Novitat. Zool , XI, p. 629. Host.— Perameles raffrayanus. Tlabitat.—New Guinea. CERATOPHYLLUS NUM& Rothschild. 1904. Roruscnuitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 687. Tost.— Otomys branti. Habitat.—Cape Colony. 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXIX. CERATOPHYLLUS OCHI Rothschild. 1904. Roruscuiip, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 628. FTost.—‘* An opossum.” Habitat.—Victoria, Australia. CERATOPHYLLUS OCTAVII Rothschild. 1904. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 638. Tlost.— Graphocularis biurus. [Tabitat.—Cape Colony. CERATOPHYLLUS OLIGOCHZ£TUS Wagner. 1903. WaaGnerr, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XVI, pp. 290, 292. Host.—** Vogel.” Halitat.—Vegesack, Germany. CERATOPHYLLUS PENCILLIGER (Grube) Wagner. 1908. WanueRen, Archiv ftir Zool., I, p. 182. 1904. Tiraposcni, Archiv. de Parasit., p. 270. Flosts.— Myodes lemmus, Putorius sibiricus. Tlabitat.—Norway and Siberia. CERATOPHYLLUS PINNATUS Wagner. 1904. TrraBoscui, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 271. CERATOPHYLLUS PQLANTIS Rothschild. 1905. Roruscnitp, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 155. Hosts.—Tamias spp., Spermophilus columbianus, Putorius longi- ; caudatus, Secvurus aberti. F Habitat.—Arizona and Alberta, Canada. ; CERATOPHYLLUS POLLIONIS Rothschild. 1905. Rotuscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 171. Hosts.— Microtus drummondii, Tvotomys saturatus. Habitat. —Al\berta, Canada. CERATOPHYLLUS PSEUDARCTOMYS Baker, var. ACASTI (Rothschild) Baker. 1905. Rorascnuiitp, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 168 ( Ceratophyllus acasti). Tlost.— Sciuropterus sabrinus. Tlabitat.— British Columbia. CERATOPHYLLUS QUIRINI Rothschild. 1905. Rorascnitp, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 163. Hosts. — lvotomys gapper’, Evotomys saturatus. LTlabitat.—Alberta, Canada. No. 1417. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. LS CERATOPHYLLUS RECTANGULATUS Wahlgren. 1903. WAHLGREN, Archiv fur Zool., I, p. 182. Flost.— Myodes leminus. Habitat.—Norway. CERATOPHYLLUS RUSTICUS Wagner. 1903. Wagner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 288 and 292. Host.—‘‘ Vogel.” Habitat. —V egesack, Germany. CERATOPHYLLUS SCIURORUM (Schrank) Curtis. 1878. Dar, Hist. of Glanyvilles Wooton, pp. 291 and 293 (Pulex gliris part). 1896. Merrnert, Pulicidee Danice, p. 6. 1903. Konautr, Magyar. bolhai, p. 45. 1903. RoruscHitp. Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, p. 145. CERATOPHYLLUS SEXDENTATUS Baker. 1904. Trranoscat, Archiy. de Parasit., VIII, p. 272. CERATOPHYLLUS SILANTIEWI Wagner. 1904. Trraposcut, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 274. CERATOPHYLLUS SPINOSUS Wagner. 1894. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., X XVIII, p. 440 ( Ceratophyllus avium). 1903. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 287 and 292. Most — Vogel.” Habitat.—V egesack, Germany. CERATOPHYLLUS STYX Rothschild. 1903. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XVI, p. 292. CERATOPHYLLUS TELCHINUM Rothschild. 1905. Rorxscuiip, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 153. Hosts. — Kvotomys gappert, Sorex richardsont, Habitat.—British Columbia. CERATOPHYLLUS TERINUS Rothschild. 1905. Rornscnitp, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 158. Tlost.— Spermophilus columbianus. Tlabitat.—British Columbia. CERATOPHYLLUS TERRIBILIS Rothschild. 1908. Rornascninp, Novitat. Zool., X, p. 317. Tlost.— Lagomys princeps. Flabitat.— Alberta, Canada. a2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. CERATOPHYLLUS THOMASI Rothschild. 1904. Roruscniup, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 625. FHlost.— Acrobates Pygmed. ‘Habitat.— Australia. CERATOPHYLLUS TRISTIS Rothschild. 1900. RoruscHiLp, Ent. Record, XII, p. 36 ( Typhlopsylla tristis). 1904. Baker, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XX VII, p. 451 ( Ctenophthalmus tristis). 1904. RoruscuiLp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 625. CERATOPHYLLUS VAGABUNDUS (Boheman) Wahlgren. 1865. BonEman, Ofvers. of K. Vet. Akad. Forh., p. 576 (Pulex vagabunda): 1905. WaAnHLGREN, Archiv ftir Zool., I, p. 184 (Ceratophyllus digitalis). 1903. WAHLGREN, Entom. Tidskr., July, p. 219. Flost.—¢ Habitat.—Spitzbergen. CERATOPHYLLUS WICKHAMI Baker, var. “EGER (Rothschild) Baker. 1905. Rorascuitp, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 166 ( Ceratophyllus wger) ~ Flosts.— Peromyscus arcticus, Evotomys saturatus. CERATOPHYLLUS WICKHAMI Baker, var. NEPOS (Rothschild) Baker. | / | : 1905. Roruscuiip, Novitat. Zool., XII, p. 168 ( Ceratophyllus nepos). Host.—NSpilogale lati frons. ’ Habitat.— British Columbia. CERATOPHYLLUS WOODWARDI Rothschild. i 1904. Roruscniip, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 6238. Host.—? Habitat.—West Australia. CERATOPHYLLUS ZETHI Rothschild. 1904. Roruscnitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 626. FHlost.— Bettongia cuniculus. Hlabitat.—Gippsland, Victoria. Genus TI YPHLOCERAS) Wiagmer: TYPHLOCERAS POPPEI Wagner. 1903. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 154. 1903. Roruscnitp, Ent. Record, XV, p. 196. 1904. Trraposcni, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 295. Tost. — Mus sylvaticus. Halitat.—Vegesack in Germany; Tharandt in Saxony; England. No. 1417. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. has Genus PALAZOPSYLLA Wagner. PALAZOPSYLLA DASYCNEMUS Rothschild. 1897. Roruscnitp, The Ent. Record, IX, No. 7, p. 159 ( Tryphlopsylla dasycnemus ). 1903. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, pp. 140, 142. PALAZOPSYLLA GRACILIS (Taschenberg) Wagner. 1880. TascHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 96 ( Typhlopsylla gracilis). 1903. Wagner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, pp. 140, 142. PALAOPSYLLA ROSENBERGI (Rothschild) Baker. 1904. Rormscnitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 689 (Typhloceras rosenberg’). flosts.— Metachirus opposum, Didelphys azare. Hahitat.—Kcuador. PALAZOPSYLLA SIBIRICA Wagner. 1901. WaGnerr, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XV, p. 26 ( Typhlopsylla sibirica). 1903. WaGner, Horze Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 140. Genus CTENOPTHALMUS Kolenati. CTENOPHTHALMUS AGYRTES (Heller) Baker. 1903. WaGner, Horse Soc. Ent. Ross, XXXVI, pp. 141, 148 ( Typshlopsylla agyrtes). 1905. WaAnuGREN, Archiy fiir Zool., I, p. 189 ( Typhlopsylla agyrtes). 1904. Trravoscui, Archiy. de Parasit., VIII, p. 288 ( Typhlopsylla agyrtex, CTENOPHTHALMUS ANTIQUORUM Rothschild. 1904. Rornscuitp, Novitates Zool., XI, p. 648. Host.—Didelphys aurita. Hlabitat.—Tieneti Zech, Brazil. CTENOPHTHALMUS ASSIMILIS (Taschenberg) Baker. 1896. Merert, Pulicidee Danice, p. 11 ( Typhlopsylla assimilis). 1903. WAGNER, Hore Soe. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 141 (Typhlopsylla «ssimilis). 1903. Kornaur, Magyar. bolhai, p. 54 (Typhlopsylla assimilis). 1904. Tirasoscnt, Archiy. de Parasit., VIII, p. 286 ( Typhlopsylla assimilis). CTENOPHTHALMUS BISOCTODENTATUS Kolenati. 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 56. CTENOPHTHALMUS CAUCASICA Taschenberg. 1903. WaGNer, Horv Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 141 ( Typhlopsylla caucasica). CTENOPHTHALMUS GRANDIS (Rothschild) Baker. 1902. RoruscuiLp, Ent. Record, XIV, No. 3 (Typhlopsylla grandis). 1904. Baker, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVII, p. 468. Flost.— Tamais striatus. Habitat.—Branchtown, Ontario. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. CTENOPHTHALMUS MONTICOLA (Kohaut) Baker. 1904. Konaur, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., p. 86, (Typhlopsylla monticola). Flost.— Spalax monticola. Labitat.—Bosnia. CTENOPHTHALMUS ORIENTALIS (Wagner) Baker. 1903. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 142 ( Typhlopsylla orientalis). CTENOPHTHALMUS PROXIMA (Wagner) Baker. 1903. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, pp. 141, 147 (Typhlopsylla proxima). 1904. Trraposcni, Archiy. de Parasit., VIII, p. 292 ( Typhlopsylla proxima). Flosts.— Crocidura aranea, Mus sylvaticus. FHabitat.— Caucasus. CTENOPHTHALMUS PSEUDAGYRTES Baker. 1904. Rorascnitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 641. Tlosts.— Scalops aquaticus, Microtus drumondii, Microtus saturatus. [abitat.— Alberta, Canada, and North Carolina. CTENOPHTHALMUS TYPHLUS (Motschulsky) Baker. 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 55. Flost.—Spalax hungaricus. CTNOPHTHALMUS UNCINATA (Wagner) Baker. 1908. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 142 (Typhlopsylla unecinata). 1908. Wanuaren, Archiv ftir Zool., I, p. 188 (Typhlopsylla uncinata) . Tlost.— Modes lemmus. Habitat.—Norway. CTENOPHTHALMUS WENMANNI Rothschild. 1904. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 642. Flosts.— Peromyscus leucopus, Neotoma cinerea. Habitat.—British Columbia. Genus NEOPSYLLA Wagner. NEOPSYLLA ALTAICA Wagner. 1901. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XV, p. 27 ( Typhlopsylla altaica). 1903. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XVI, p. 141. NEOPSYLLA BIDENTATIFORMIS Wagner. 1898. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XI, p. 292 ( Typhlopsylla setosa). 1903. Wagner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XVI, pp. 141, 143, 146. 1904. Tirasoscui, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 292. No, 1417. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 1505) NEOPSYLLA PENTACANTHUS (Rothschild). 1897. Roruscniip, The Ent. Record, IX, No. 3 ( Typhlopsylla pentacanthus ). 1903. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XVI, pp. 141, 146. 1904. Trranoscui, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 293. Subfamily DOLICHOPSY LLIN Baker. Genus POEL HORS ae e OSs ake: DOLICHOPSYLLUS STYLOSUS Baker. 1903. Baker, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VII, p. 418 ( Ceratophyllus stylosus). Family CTENOPSYLLID Baker. Genus CTENOPSYELUS Kolenati. CTENOPSYLLUS AGANIPPES Rothschild. 1904. Rotruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 647. TTost.— Mus sp. Habitat.—Cape Colony. CTENOPSYLLUS ALPINUS Baker. 1903. Waaner, Horee Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 151 ( Ctenopsylla alpina). 1904. Trraposcnt, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 285 (Ctenopsylla alpina). CTENOPSYLLUS BIDENTATUS (Kolenati) Wagner. 1903. Waaner, Horee Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 151 ( Clenopsylla bidentata). . CTENOPSYLLUS BROOKSI Rothschild. 1904. Rorascnitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 649. Hosts.—Putorius vichardsoni, Putorius longicaudatus, Mustela americand. Habitat.—British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. CTENOPSYLLUS GRANT I Rothschild. 1904. RorHscHip, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 646. Flost.—** Macro proboscideus.” Habitat. —Cape Colony. CTENOPSYLLUS HYGINI Rothschild. 1904. Rornuscnitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 650. Tlost.— Putorius richardsoni. Habitat.— Alberta, Canada. CTENOPSYLLUS HYRTACI Rothschild. 1904. Rornscnitp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 652. Hlosts.—Lutreola ENCPYUMENOS, Novrexr ObSCurus. Habitat.—British Columbia. 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, 1896. 1896. 1903. 1903. 1904. 1904. Habito 1903. 1904. 1905. 1903. 1878. 1880. 1903. 1903. 1904. 1905.. 1904. 1908. 1904. 1905. 19038. 1905. Flosts. CTENOPSYLLUS MUSCULI (Duges) Wagner. Baker, Canad. Ent., XX VIII, p. 85 ( Typhlopsylla mexicana). Mernert, Pulicidee Danice, p. 10. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXX VI, pp. 150, 152. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 58. Baker, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XVII, p. 480 ( Ctenopsyllus mexicanus). TrraposcHl, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 277. it.—Mexico and the United States. CTENOPSYLLUS PECTINICEPS Wagner. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XVI, p. 150. TrraposcHl, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 2838. CTENOPSYLLUS SIBIRICUS Wagner. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p- 151 ( Clenopsylla sibirica). CTENOPSYLLUS SILVATICUS (Meinert) Baker. Waaner, Horv Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 151 ( Ctenopsylla silvatica). CTENOPSYLLUS SORECIS (Dale) Baker. Dax, Hist. of Glanvilles Wooton, p. 291 ( Ceratophyllus sorecis). TASCHENBERG, Die Flohe, p. 96 ( Typhlopsylla gracilis). Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 56 (Typhlopsylla gracilis). RoruscHitp, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, p. 145. 3AKER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VII, p. 452 (Ctenopsyllus gracilis) . CTENOPSYLLUS SPECTABILIS (Rothschild) Baker. Waener, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XVI, p. 151. TrraBposcni, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 282. CTENOPSYLLUS TASCHENBERGI Wagner. Waaner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XX XVI, pp. 150, 151. Tiraposcul, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 284. Genus STEPHANOCIRCUS Skuse. STEPHANOCIRCUS DASYURI Skuse. Rarnpow, Record Austr]. Mus., V, p. 53. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., X, p. 319. RoruscHiLp, Ent. Mo. Mag., XVI, p. 61. —Bettongia penicillata, Mus velutinus, Perameles gunna. Flabitat.—West Australia and Tasmania. 1903. STEPHANOCIRCUS MINERVA Rothschild. RoruscHiLp, Novitat. Zool., X, p. 319. Hlost.— Didelphys azare. FHabitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay. No. 1417. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. STEPHANOCIRCUS SIMPSONI Rothschild. 1905. Roruscuitp, Ent. Mo. Mag., X VI, p. 61. FHlosts.— Mus velutinus, Dasyurus maculatus. Habitat.—Tasmania. . STEPHANOCIRCUS THOMASI Rothschild. 1903. RoruscuiLp, Novitat. Zool., X, p. 318. Flost.— Mus ferculinus. Hlabitat.—Northwest Australia. Family HYSTRICHOPSYLLID Baker. Genus HYSTRICHOPSYLLA Taschenberg. HYSTRICHOPSYLLA DIPPIEI Rothschild. 1902. RoruscuiLtp, Ent. Record, XIV, No. 3. 1904. Baker, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVII, p. 468. FHosts.— Putorius longicaudatus, Lutreola enerqumenos. FHabitat.—British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. HYSTRICHOPSYLLA NARBELI Galli- Valerio. 1900. GAtut-VaALertIo, Archiy. de Parasit., III, pp. 96-100. 1904. Trraposcut, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 301. Tlost.— Microtus nivalis. Habitat.—ltaly and Switzerland. HYSTRICHOPSYLLA TALP£ZE (Curtis) Rothschild. 1903. WaAHLGREN, Archiv fur Zool., I, p. 188 (fystrichopsylla obtusiceps). 1904. Trrasoscut, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 299. Habitat.—Sweden. HYSTRICHOPSYLLA TRIPECTINATA Tiraboschi. 1902. Trraposcut, Boll. della Soc. Zool. Ital. 1903. TrraBoscut, Archiv fir Hygiene, XLVI, p. 257. 1904. Tirasoscut, Archiv. de Parasit., VIII, p. 297. Host.— Mus musculus. Habitat.—Rome. Family CERATOPSYLLID Baker. Genus ‘GH RAGOPSYEEUS Kolenatti. CERATOPSYLLUS A®GYPTIUS Rothschild. 1903. Roruscuitp, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, p. 83 ( Ceratopsylla). flost.— Taphozous perforatus. Habitat.—Near Cairo, Egypt. 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. CERATOPSYLLUS CAMIN£Z Rothschild. 1903. Roruscuip, Novitat. Zool., X, p. 323 (Ceratopsylla). Host: — “A bate” Habitat.—West Australia. CERATOPSYLLUS CAMIN& Rothschild var. REDUCTUS ( Rothschild) Baker. 1903. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., X, p. 323 (Ceratopsylla reductus). Host.— Vespertilio IACPOPUS. Habitat.—Melbourne, Australia. CERATOPSYLLUS CONSIMILIS Wahlgren. 1903?. Wantaren, Results of Swedish Zool. Exped. to Egypt and the White Nile, 1901. Host.—Rhinopoma microphyllum. Habitat.—EKeypt. CERATOPSYLLUS CROSBYI Baker. 1905. Baker, see p. 137. Host.—Little brown bat. Habitat. —Rockport, Missouri. CERATOPSYLLUS DICTENUS Kolenati. 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 65. CERATOPSYLLUS DISTINCTUS Rothschild. 1903. Roruscuiip, Novitat. Zool., X, p. 325 ( Ceratopsylla). Host.—? Habitat.—Villa Rica, Paraguay. CERATOPSYLLUS ELONGATUS Curtis. 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 60. CERATOPSYLLUS FOSTERI Rothschild. 1903. Roruscuiip, Noyitat. Zool., X, p. 324 (Ceratopsylla). Hosts.— Molossus bonaricnsis, Nyctinomus laticaudatus. Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay. CERATOPSYLLUS HEXACTENUS Kolenati. 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 63. CERATOPSYLLUS INSIGNIS Rothschild. 1903. Roruscuriip, Novitat. Zool., X, p. 319 (Ceratopsylla). Lost. — Myotis Luci fugqus. Habitat.—Ontario, Canada, No. 1417. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. CERATOPSYLLUS JUBATUS Wagner. 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 61. Habitat.—Hunegary. CERATOPSYLLUS MARTIALIS Rothschild. 1903. RoruscHiLp, Novitat. Zool., XN, p. 322 ( Ceratopsylla). FHlost.— Nyctinomus acetabulosus. Habitat.—Island of Reunion. CERATOPSYLLUS PALPOSUS Rothschild. 1904. RoruscuiLp, Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 652 ( Ceratopsylla). Host.—‘* Brown bat.” Habitat.—British Columbia. CERATOPSYLLUS PENTACTENUS Kolenati. 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 64. CERATOPSYLLUS SIGNATUS Wahlgren. 1903. WantGREN, Archiy fir Zool., I, p. 189 ( Ceratopsylla signata). Flost.— Nyctinonus plicatus. Habitat.—Java. CERATOPSYLLUS UNIPECTINATUS Wagner. 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 66. Tlost.— Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum. Habitat.—Uunegary. - CERATOPSYLLUS WAGNERI Kohaut. 1903. Konaut, Magyar. bolhai, p. 62. Tlost.— Myotis myotis. Hlabitat.—Hungary. CERATOPSYLLUS WOLFFSOHNI Rothschild. 1905. Roruscuitp, Novitat. Zool., X, p. 321 ( Ceratopsylla). Hlosts.— Myotis nigricans, Myotis albescens. fHabitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, and Valparaiso, Chile. SUPPLEMENTAL HOST INDEX. Class AV ES. Eudyptes clusocome __....._-__---. Parapsyllus longicornis Enderlein. Gallisidomesticuss ese ae eee Pulex irritans Linneeus. Class MAMMALIA. Order MARSUPALIA. Family DASYURIDE. Dasyurus maculatus .....-.-.------ Stephanocircus simpsont Rothschild. Dasyurus) viverinus=-----2--2--25-- Ceratophyllus hilli Rothschild. 159 160 Family Didelphystauritare = -- oe ose see Didelphyssazarce Si...) see eee Marmosa elepans\-- 5. sso eee ee Metachirus! opposum!]-ss-esseee eee Family Bettongiaicuniculusis:2 oe seee ee Bettongia penicillata ..-----.-----. Family Perameles gunni Perameles nasuta Perameles raffrayanus PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. DIDELPHYID. Ctenophthalmus antiquorum Rothschild. Palxvopsylla rosenbergi (Rothschild) Baker. Stephanocircus minerva Rothschild. Ceratophyllus californicus Baker, var. endymionis (Rothschild) Baker. Paleopsylla rosenbergi (Rothschild) Baker. MACROPODID. Ceratophyllus zethi Rothschild. Stephanocircus dasyuri Skuse. PERAMELID®. Stephanocircus dasyuri Skuse. Ceratophyllus hilli Rothschild. Ceratophyllus nume Rothschild. Family PHALANGERID. iAcrobates) py pilecal == eee ee eee Ceratophyllus thomasi Rothschild. Family PHASCOLOMYID#. Phascolomys mitchelli Lycopsylla novus Rothschild. Order EDENTATA. Family DASYPODIDE. Cataphractus minutus Muletia septemcincta Tatusia novemcincta - Or Malacopsylla agenoris Rothschild. Rhopalopsyllus cleophontis (Rothschild) Baker. Rhopalopsyllus australis (Rothschild) Baker. Valacopsylla agenoris Rothschild. Malacopsylla grossiventris Weyenbergh. der Gall iEVE;S: Family CAVIID. Procavia capensis Procavia erlangeri “am Alactaga (Dipus) jaculus Pulex creusee Rothschild. Pulex isidis Rothschild. ly DIPODID. Pulex cheopis Rothschild. Pulex chephrensis Rothschild. Pulex cleopatre Rothschild. Pulex pyramidis Rothschild. Family HYSTRICID 2. Hystrix cristata Fami Lepus ethiopicus Lepus glacialis Pulex riggenbachi Rothschild. ly LEPORID ZL. Pulex cleopatre Rothschild. Hoplopsyllus glacialis (Taschenberg) Baker. NO. 1417. Family Acomys cahirinus Acomys witherbyi Arvicanthis testicularis Crieetomys sp Dipodillus watersi ENMOLOMYSEtapperl —- soc.) a = e Evotomys saturatus --...--------<.- Gerbillus pygargus Gerbillus robustus Gerbillus sp Gerbillus tarabuli Lemmus (‘Myodes’) lemmus-.------- Lemmus (‘Myodes’) torquatus Wienrlonesurexwome te | eee ones Microtus drummondii Microtus saturatus Mus ferculinus MUSTROntlIsie 25.5225 bs cS cen Mrsemns GUUS) Se ye ee eremeee Mus norvegicus (‘decumanus’) -..-- VATS DRA GGUS se ees ei gerne Mus rattus alexandrinus Wihns Walang) 3. ee eee Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05 REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 161 MURID 2. Pulex alternans Wahlgren. Pulex chephrensis Rothschild. Pulex cheopis Rothschild. Pulex cheopis Rothschild. Pulex cleopatre Rothschild. Pulex nubicus Rothschild. Pulex wquisetosus Enderlein. Pulex cheopis Rothschild. Pulex cleopaire Rothschild. Ceratophyllus quirint Rothschild. Ceratophyllus telchinum Rothschild. Odontopsyllus telegoni (Rothschild) Baker. Ceratophyllus wickhami Baker, var. xger (Roths- child) Baker. Ceratophyllus pollionis Rothschild. Ceratophyllus quirint Rothschild. Odontopsyllus charlottensis Baker. Pulex cleopatrx Rothschild. Pulex cheopis Rothschild. Pulex nubicus Rothschild. Pulex gerbilli Wagner. Pulex mycerini Rothschild. Pulex ramesis Rothschild. Ceratophyllus pencilliger (Grabe) Wagner. Ceratophyllus rectangulatus Wahlgren. Ctenophthalmus uncinata (Wagner) Baker. Ceratophyllus grenlandicus Wahlgren. Pulex regis Rothschild. Ceratophyllus abantis Rothschild. Ceratophyllus lucifer Rothschild. Ceratophyllus pollionis Rothschild. Cienophthalmus pseudagyrtes Baker. Odontopsyllus telegoni (Rothschild) Wagner. Hystrichopsylla narbeli Galli- Valerio. Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes Baker. Stephanocircus thomasi Rothschild. Pulex cheopis Rothschild. Ceratophyllus italicus Tiraboschi. Hystrichopsylla tripectinata Tiraboschi. Ceratophyllus italicus Tiraboschi. Pulex murinus Tiraboschi. Rhynchoprion cxcata (Enderlein) Baker. Argopsylla rhynchopsylla (Tiraboschi) Baker. Ceratophyllus italicus Tiraboschi. Pulex murinus Tiraboschi. Ceratophyllus italicus Tiraboschi. Ctenophthalmus proxima (Wagner) Baker. Typhlocerus popper Wagner. Ctenopsyllus aganippes Rothschild. Stephanocircus dasyuri Skuse. Stephanocireus simpsoni Rothschild. 11 G2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Neotomarcinereapes sss es eee eee Ceratophyllus agilis Rothschild. Ctenophthalmus wenmani Rothschild. Odontopsyllus charlottensis Baker. Otomysibrantieee n=] = 2 see ie eee Ceratophyllus agrippine Rothschild. Pulex eridos Rothsehild. Otomystunisulcatus. 22. eee ee ee Ceratophyllus agrippine Rothschild. Pachyuromys duprasi natronensis --__. Ceratophyllus henleyi Rothschild. Pulex ramesis Rothschild. Reromyscus arcticus es ceeeee eee Ceratophyllus wickhamt Baker, var. wger Roths- child) Baker. Odontopsyllus charlottensis Baker. Peromyscusicanadensise sees soe Ceratophyllus euphorbi Rothschild. Peromyscus) leucopusiss ss see see ee Ctenopthalmus wenmant Rothschild. Odontopsyllus charlottensis Baker. Family OCTODONTID 4. AMkodonialblvenerpaes sees ees ee Rhopalopsyllus simonsi (Rothschild) Baker. iKerodonspoliviensis = 2 ea= sae Rhopalopsyllus concitus (Rothschild) Baker. INeoctodon Simons! ee s- a= eee Rhopalopsyllus simonsi (Rothschild) Baker. Ochotona (‘Lagomys’) princeps .------ Ceratophyllus agilis Rothschild. Ceratophyllus terribilis Rothschild. | Octodonides ust a2 snes mares sea eer Rhopalopsyllus corfidii (Rothschild) Baker. | Family SCIURIDA. : 5 6 ' Arctomys flaviventer avarus.._...--.- Ceratophyllus acamantis Rothschild. i Citellus (‘Spermophilus’) columbianus~-Ceratophyllus peantis Rothschild. Ceratophyllus terinus Rothschild. Citellus (‘Spermophilus’ ) 13-lineatus.. Ceratophyllus bacchi Rothschild. Citellus (‘Spermophilus’) sp.--------- Ceratophyllus acutus Baker. Eutamias quadrivittatus affinis _..._-- Ceratophyllus eumolpi Rothschild. Sciuropterus sabrinus=- 9252-2) ----- Ceratophyllus pseudarctomys Baker, var. acasti (Rothschild) Baker. Sciurustabentite sees eere eee eee Ceratophyllus pweantis Rothschild. Sciurus richardsoni baileyi-..--.----. Ceratophyllus agilis Rothschild. Tamiasi bored lisier see eee sere Ceratophyllus eumolpi Rothschild. Mamias SP st cave vote Sener eines Ceratophyllus peantis Rothschild. Mamiasistriatus) 92 3896 = ee eee eee Ctenophthalmus grandis (Rothschild) Baker. ENEKUSECAPENSIS saa eeet eee ea Pulex erilli Rothschild. ‘amily SPALACIDE. Spalaxyhungaricus; 22) 4see sess eee Ctenophthalmus typhlus (Motschulsky ) Baker. Spalaxamonticolaesss 2s eae Ctenophthalmus monticola (Kohaut) Baker. Order INSECTIVORA. | Family ERINACEIDE. | Erinaceus ethiopicus .2-2 6-4-2 - 6. soe - Pulex cleopatre Rothsehild. Pulex pallidus Taschenberg. Hrinaceus albiventrisi--. >see p= ee Pulex pallidus Taschenberg. family SORECID/L. Crocidurararaneaeeee es ee eee Clenophthalmus proxima (Wagner) Baker. SorexiODsScunusiee eee - oes eee Ctenopsyllus hygini Rothschild. Sorex richardsonies 224-20 eee eee Ceralophyllus telchinum Rothsehild. No. 1417. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 16; Family TALPID. Scalopsraquaticus’ 22 254-5222 so oe Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes Baker. Order CHIROPTERA. Family NOCTILIONIDE. Molossus bonariensis ....._.---.---. Ceratopsyllus fostert Rothschild. Nyctinomus acetabulosus.___..-.--- Ceratopsyllus martialis Rothschild. Nyctinomus laticaudatus.-._...--.. Ceratopsyllus foster’: Rothschild. Nyetinomus plicatus..--..-------2-- Ceratopsyllus signatus Wahlgren. Rhinopoma microphyllum ___....-..¢ vratopsyllus consimilis Wahlgren. Taphozous perforatus .......--.---- Ceratopsyllus egyptius Rothschild. Family RHINOLOPHID. Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum. ------ Ceratopsyllus unipectinatus Wagner. Family VESPERTILIONID:. Meyotiswallbescensi--s- 222-222 aa- = Ceratopsyllus wolffsohni: Rothschild. iy Otismluciig pss m = ee eee ae Ceratopsyllus insignis Rothschild. NE7ORE TOU 6 6 ees oede secesesce Ceratopsyllus wagnert Kohaut. Myotis (‘Vespertilio’) nigricans __-- Ceratopsyllus wolffsohni Rothschild, Vespertilio (‘Myotis’) macropus ----(vratopsyllus caminw Rothschild var. (Rothschild) Baker. Order UNGULATA. Family TAYASSUIDZ. reduclus Micotylesslabiatusis- s----452 =. 1 Rhopalopsyllus australis (Rothschild) Baker. Order FER. Family CANID/E. Cite UEC ies son eee ee Seeeses Sane Valacopsylla androch Rothschild. Warisplatranse a yseme ae ayers e es Ceratophyllus acamantis Rothschild. Canishmesomelas;---22.-.-------.--- Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Speothos venaticus _........_....-- Rhopalopsyllus australis (Rothschild) Baker. Wulpesimiloticuss... 2224522. 20-4042. Pulex pallidus Taschenberg. Woulpesivulpes!-....2..2---52.l2.25-- Chetopsylla vulpes (Motschulsky ) Baker. Family FELD. OR Et tPA ONS, SON e ey Pulex creuse Rothschild. Family HYJENIDAE. Dee Pa eT Be Pulev pallidus Taschenberg. Family MUSTELID A. Lutreola (‘Putorius’) energumenos. -//ystrichopsylla, dippie’ Rothschild. Ceratophyllus acamantis Rothschild. Felis caracal Hyena hyena Ctenopsyllus hygint Rothschild. MGIGSRaxXU Sse se eer Auk eee Chetopsylla trichosa WKohaut. Mephitis spissigrada ........... _. Ceratophyllus acamantis Rothschild. Mustela americana .---:.....-.._-- Ctenopsyllus brooksti Rothschild. NTUSLOLARItAtSL! xemeepn oe se Se 2 ec Chetopsylla ivikado Rothschild, 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, Putorius longicaudatus -..-...----- Lane yllus abantis Roueenilar Ceratophyllus agilis Rothschild. Ceratophyllus peantis Rothschild. Ctenopsyllus brooksi Rothschild. Hystrichopsylla dippier Rothschild. PUtOLLUS PUtOrIUs) aoe eee sees eee Chetopsylla vothschildi Kohaut. Putorius richardsoni_.........----- Ctenopsyllus brooksi Rothschild. Ctenopsyllus hygint Rothsehild. Putorius Sibiricus ees eee Ceratophyllus pencilliger (Grube) Wagner. Spilogaleilatiirons) -=oeees eee eee Ceratophyllus wickhami Baker var. nepos (Roths- child) Baker. Spilogale phenaxeessee = sae dnomiopsyllus californicus Baker. Zorillaystriata ease eee eee eee Pulex erilli Rothschild. Family URSIDZ. Ursusvarctosimse- ee oceans eee Chetopsylla strandt (Wahlgren) Baker. Chetopsylla tuberculaticeps (Bezzi) Baker. Ursusocripilisme sees aes eee ee Chetopsylla ursi (Rothschild) Baker. Family VIVERRID. Genettaydongolana 4-2. -ee ese eaeee Pulex cheopis Rothschild. Pulex nubicus Rothschild. Herpestes albicauda 22-2 2-9-4. 5-—— Pulex nubicus Rothschild. Herpestessbadlusmen see eee= ee eee Ceratophyllus dorippx Rothschild. NOT IN ABOVE LIST. Graphocularis biurus)25------5-2--- i octavii Rothschild. Tiestrissparasiticas sess ese aC Ceratophyllus angulatus Wahlgren. Suricataitetnadactylaye--esereesseee Pulex erilli Rothschild. ‘oMacrosproposcideus)) eeeeeeeee see G Ctenopsyllus granti Rothschild. SoS DreONDICO One or ae ae ease Pulex creuse Rothschild. ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. In the desire to make this bibliography very exact and very com- plete, the writer has made very strenuous efforts to keep pace with all the literature, though not with entire success. The individual investi- gator, working alone, must ever wage an uphill fight for the literature of his subject. An urgent appeal is extended herewith to all coworkers in the Siphonaptera to kindly forward all corrections, additions, and criticisms possible. Full credit will be gladly given. Many of our bibliographical references lack exact page, volume, or even year. 1872. Horvatru, G. Egy virengzo kalandor. Termeszet, IV. 1880. Rirsema. Vers. einer chronol. Uebers. d. bisher beschr. 0. benannt. Arten d. Gattung Pulex L. Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Naturw., pp. 181-185. 1881. Wryrenserau, K. Sobre la fam. Pulicidee. Peri bal zool. Soc. zool. Argentina, Cordoba, III, pp. 261-277. 1886. Konaut, R. ne bolha. Rovyvartani Lapok, III. 1889. BLuancuarp, R. Quelques mots sur la chique. Bull. Soc. zool. France, XIV, INO 5 Jo why 1889. Junuimn, Jur. La chique (Sarcopsylla penetrans Westw.) sur la cote occi- dentale d’ Afrique. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XIV, No. 5, p. 93. yo.i7. REVISION OF AMERICAN SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 165 1895. Konaut, R. A magyarorszagi bolha-feiek. Termeszettud. Kozl., p. 329. 1897. Buancnarp, R. La chique des oiseaux. Bull. Soc. Nation. Acclimat. France. Ann. 44, pp. 210-220. 1897. BnancHarp, R. Présence de la chique (Sarcopsylla penetrans) 4 Madagascar. Arch. Parasitoi, I1, pp. 607-630. 1897. Konaut, R. Uj bolhafajok hazankban. Termezettud. Kozl., p. 318. 1899. Hesse. Die Ausbreitung des Sandflohes in Afrika. Geogr. Zeitsch., pp. 522-530. 1899. Hineer. Verzeichniss der bis jetzt im Grossherz. Baden aufgefundenen Aphaniptera. Mittheil. Badisch. zool. Ver., No. 1. 1899. Konaut, R. Pulicidee. Fauna Regni Hungariw, Diptera, p. 70. 1900. Gaui-VALERIO, Bruno. Sur les puces d’ Arvicola nivalis. Archives de Parasit., III, pp. 96-101. 1900. GaLui-VALERIO, BruNo. Les puces des rats et des souris jouent-elles un rdle important, etc. Centralbl. f. Bakt., Abth. 1, XX VII. 1900-1901. Konaur, R. A bolha. Termeszet., IV. 1901. ENpERLEIN, GUNTHER. Zur Kenntniss der FlOhe und Sandfljhe. Neue und wenig bekannte Puliciden und Sarecopsyllidee. Zool. Jahrb., Abth. f. Syst., GIVES? p49; ple xxxrv: 1901. Konaur, R. Gyakorlati utmut. a mikroszk. preap. keszit., p. 123. 1902. Nurrauy, G. H. F. Note on the supposed transmission of plague by fleas, ete. Journ. of Trop. Medicine. 1902. Roruscuitp, N. C. Some new Neoarctic fleas. Ent. Record, XIV, No. 3, pl. i. 1902. Trranoscnt, Carto. Gli animali propagatori della peste bubbonica. Nota secondo. Le pulci dei ratti e dei topi e la transmissione della peste da ratto ad uomo. Bolletino della Soc. ital. per gli studi zoologici. 1902. Waaner. Aphanipterologische Studien. IV-V. Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXV, pp. 17-29, pl. i. 1902. Zrrowia. I] bacillo della peste bubbonica nell’ organismo della pulci. Poli- clinico, 1902. 1903. Konaut, R. Magyarorszag bolhai. Kulonlenyomataz Atlattani Kozlemenyek II, kotetenek 1 & 2 fuzetebol., pp. 25-68, pls. mi—vit. 1903. Rainspow, W. J. Notes on fleas parasitic on the tiger cat. Records of Aus- tralian Museum, No. 1, V, p. 53. 1903. Rorascuitp, N. C. Note on Pulex pallidus Tasch. Novitat. Zool., X, p. 542. 1908. Roruscuitp, N.C. A collection of fleas received from Baron Carlo yon Erlanger and Mr. Oscar Neumann. Novit. Zoolog., X, p. 312, pl. v. 1903. Rorascnitp, N.C. Further contributions to the knowledge of the Siphonap- tera. Novitat. Zool., X, pp. 317-325, pls. 1x and x. 1903. Roruscuitp, N. C. New species of Siphonaptera from Egypt and the Soudan. Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, p. 83, pls. 1 and 1. 1903. Rorascuitp, N. C. Types of Siphonaptera in the Daleian collection. Entom. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, p. 144. 1905. Rorascuitp, N. C. A new British flea: Typhloceras poppet Wagner. Ent. Record, XV, No: 8, pl. 1x. 1903. Roruscninp, N.C. Ceratophyllus fringille Walker. Fintom. Record, XV, INow12, ps 308; pl. xan 1903. Trraposcut, CarLo. Beitriige zur Kenntnis der Pestepidemiologie. Ratten, Miuse und ihre Ektoparasiten. Archiy fiir Hygiene, XLVI. 1903. Trrasoscui, CarLos. La chique des oiseaux (Sarcopsylla gallinacea Westw. ) observée en Europe. Archives de Parasitologie, VIT, pp. 124-132. 1903. Rorascnitp, N.C. A new British flea: Ceratophyllus dalei sp. noy. Kntomol- ogist, Dec., pl. v. 166 1903. 1903. 1903. 1903. 1903. 1903. 1904. 1904. 1904. 1904. 1904. 1904. 1905. 1905. 1905. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, W AGNER, ir [On Pulev pallidus.| Revue russe d’ Entom.., Non 5, Ocn Waaner, J. [On Vermipsylla.| Revue russe d’ Kntom.., No! 5, Oct. Waaner. Beitrige zur Kenntnis der Vogelpuliciden. Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XXXVI, p. 278, pls. 11 and Iv. Waaner, J. Notice on insects with a double receptac El seminis. Zool. Anzeiger, XX VII, No. 5, Dec., pp.. 148-150. WaHLGREN, Einar. Zwei neue Palciden aus Aegypten. Results of Swedish Zool. Exped. to Egypt and the White Nile, in 1901. WAHLGREN, Einar. Ueber Pulex vagabunda Bohem. Entom. Tidsk., p. 219. WanLGREN. Aphanipterologische Notizen, nebst Beschreibung neuer Arten. Archiy fiir Zool., I, p. 181, pls. vit, vit and 1x. Baker, C. F. Two new Siphonaptera. Invert. Pacifica, I, p. 39, Febr. Konavut, R. Un pulicide nouveau de Bosnie. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar., Os toile Roruscuiip, N.C. Further contributions to the knowledge of the Siphonap- tera. Novitat. Zool., XI, p. 602-653, pls. vii—xvi. ROTHSCHILD, N. C. New species of Siphonaptera from Egypt. Entomologist for Jan., 2 pls. Trraposcui, Cartos. Les rats, les souris et leurs parasites cutanés dans leurs rapports avec la propagation de la peste bubonique. Archives de Parasit., VIII, pp. 161-349. Tiraposcut, Cartos. Les rats, les souris et leurs parasites cutanés. Note rectificative. Archives de Parasit., VIII, pp. 623-627. Rornscnitp, N. C. On North enero Ceratophyllus, a genus of Siphonap- tera. Novitates Zoologice, XII, pp. 153-174, pls. vi-1x. Rornscnitp, N. C. Some further notes on Pulex canis Curt. and Pulex felis Bouche. Novitates Zoologicee, XII, p. 192. Roruscuitp, N. C. Notes on Stephanocircus dasyuri Skuse and Stephanocircus simsoni sp. nov. The Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XVI, p. 60. SPECIES INCERTZ SEDIS. CERATOPHYLLUS ARVENSIS Dale. 1878. Daur, Hist. of Glanvilles Wooton, p. 292. 1908. Rorascnitp, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, p. 146 ( Ceratopsyllus). Host.—* Skylark.” Habitat.—Eng land. CERATOPHYLLUS TROCHILI Dale. 1878. Daur, Hist. of Glanvilles Wooton, p. 292 ( Ceratopsyllus) . 1903. RorascHitp, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, p. 146 ( Ceratopsyllus). Flost.—‘* Willow-wren.” Habitat.—Eneland. CERATOPHYLLUS VISCIVORA Dale. 1878. Daur, Hist. of Glanvilles Wooton, p. 292. 1908. Rorascuitp, nt. Mo. Mag., 2d ser., XIV, p. 145 (Ceratopsyllus). Fost.—‘“‘ Stone-thrush.” Tlabitat.— England. yes ee ? ay ti INDEX. The following index prepared by Mr. E. 8S. G. Titus and Mr. F. D. Couden, of the Bureau of Ento- mology of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, contains references to the present paper and to one previously published by Mr. Baker (Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, XX VII, 1904, pp. 365-469, No. 1361), the pagination referring to the latter paper being in italics. Page. PDAS sic stemnm ae ose ise cera me 132, 146, 161, 164 CHIN AIMLIS esas ce eee et sale saeisiee acs 146, 162, 163, 164 acasti, pseudarctomys var...........--.: 150, 162 acasti=pseudarctomys var. acasti ......---- 150 SBCULUS Mrs set cere cere Sec etaiercie coe cxctate'w eam 135, 146, 162 Serer wickhamivar: -....2-.scc = s.cic,c ssjoiocecieie tscie.e wistorsiei= Sale 155, 161 UP CN OMI Gries eee os crae.ceiak sigeise see 126, 127, 188, 160 BOIS pee seen. Bjararafatapacs oarmars 4 Svayer 183, 146, 162, 164 agrippinse re ee eae a eM ee AGE OD UALS eee ate marae cra cists hassles 153, 448, 458, 459, 460 eNO eS vreyote cases os esata =o oe eletnsrs erates ae ooeiens 146 AGU eseaee acca ccare cece Soeaas 9, 376, 434, 461 MISSIONS ISies se em ane eee ee = 133, 387, 394, 440, 459 Piles bimbo 3 2. 4 ee ee eer ee Sear es eee 147 SNP IU S eet ase elas aise 2s ae 136, 155, 427, 452, 455 ITA CO Sane a see heme geese sm ece see Beciee 154, 448, 455 IPERS esate pater aae areas se tne eieets 140,161 IMO DULaAN Seeeee enon conse eee eae. 124,138, 439,457 | americana (HYSTRICHOPSYLLA) .-..-.-.--.- 137, ho2, 454, 45 americana (TYPHLOPSYLLA)=CERATO- BEYIGUS TOMO tOs, 22 22 seis cicc eee = rae 416, 443 PHOTOG IAS see etn oc he cide we beer 126, 127, 188, 163 UM SUN GOUSs ese soiree Entec hive aerate eas 147, 164 aNOMBlUS: 22.52. 226-4. 128, 130, 144, 378, 381, 435, 459 PANO MEMOIRS Valo TG RINCAB = ame orsrarsterelieis o stecere 127, 140 ANOMIOPSYLLUS... 5, 426, 452, 463 RATHEL UL OL UI tose meyers eet ie Sarasa atelee 135, 153, 160 Aphaniptera=SIPHONAPTERA.........- Reaemone PA MLCT O— SUE © NAPE RAY eee = se seleericetsaicle 372 BATCLOMYS aso 0- veace keeaoe cases 134, 388, 411, 440, 459 AR GC ORSN GUAT S328 Me acetteue caustics sees 125, 138 BRIZOM CNIS Steen traces cae ss see coos 134, 388, 415, 440 SUNUUNGUS Ye Seiten cemieies octets meee a eae 440, 459 BRVEISIS eee sername cote e siesta cya mei temas Be BSIOL Soh cele aoe ease eS 132, 38S, 406,440, 4 ASSUMUNTS eee eRe oe 153, 449, 4: 58, 459, feoek 467 OSSUIVILIS—AGV ECS 222 - oa caer a= = eeeeeee oe 448 GSSUIUS— PSCUMARVEUCS. se ecient see a 451 MECN—IETICAN SE Ve ceas sosjsmcss cists aes ace sa soer 136 Minden ih —Cer al byob aa eae cece bee necosS 148 BUSELSNIS Shea. o=.ceseaneees naakes cc 130, 143, 160,163 | BILIMT Us eens on Meee are cece iat ee eee eee L67 SAVIN Rtas, oes ese erclciie oad saree cleeseesemnsesss 385 QUUUME Spl OSUSmee ae aacaes seta sce eee 151 Quy —Pallineeeescce ae oscee cece See eee Lh3 | ie baCehis. ees sck os sers ewe aneceeceeel 134, 147, 16: bidentanionnissse se teeeseeeseees 129, 154, 449, 168 DIG En TACs Se ee eee ee ee ee 155, 452 DUfASCLOLUS=Siyeke es see rete eee meen eV AA bisbidentatus—=bisoctodentatus.........-...- L449 bisoctodentatus .-.........--- 129, 1538, 371, 449, 46 bisseptemdemtanustesseene oe seeee cee ee ce 46 DOISI sees eee nee eee 30, 148, 378. 8, 380, N35 [sXoyC( rh te apt, Sie APOGEE, eh Shed ee Ot alee eee 67 brasiliensismees eos seesee 129, 378, 379, 435, 458, 459 DIOOKSIP Renee oan eee eee ne 136, 155, 163, 164 RUN erie aeseese yee aeee cece 135, 388, 413, 440, 459 CEEC ALE eerie terre Narn oe ae een cy aera 125, 137, 161 californicus (ANOMIOPSYLLUS)........ 140, 164 californicus (CERATOPHYLLUS) ......... 133, 387, 395, 440, 458 ealifornicus var. endymionis..........--- 147, 160 caming..... PR Se tit SER e ee sOL anes Cae ee ae 158 Camineavary reductiSeeee sce ace ose 158, 163 GANAGENSIS i722 4s se4) 226 goer ears 133, 388, 407, 440 canis . 129,131, 145, 163, 371, 384, 438, 458, 461, 462, 463 CAMCASICA Rn aee)5 ac cconoe eile nse eee re eee 153 COUCASTCU— BV) PMNS he eysers eesterars eee ee eee h51 (gon ine kelp imtsx2n UDR OqUUE SY ee es Sr Se RSS 3 ra se 148 CHB ARO PENA Svsemae aectacie eerie ecees 129, 131, 122-135, 146-152, 166, 370, 371, 377, 385-1,20,440-448, 467, 468 Ceratophyllus=CERATOPSYLLUS ....... hbk, 455 —CrRENOCEPHALUS...2:---- 439 CTENOPSYLLUS..... 156,454,455 = DASY ES aU Seo ecsee cee 146 =DOLICHOPSYLLUS ...... 135, 155 —ODONTROLRS Yn GUS 2 as-e= 145, 146 = SPOR SWIG MUS a sessneceees 145 Ceratopsyla=CERATOPSYLLUS. 157, 158, 159, 455 GERATOPRSYTUMGTD Aes see cteclas oe fo 137, 157-159 GERIAT ORS YTWIGUS sass see cnete wee ieee eye 157-159, 367, 371, 377, 432, 454-457 Ceratopsylus=CERATOPHYLLUS ......- 148, 166 CHER TORS VMAS settee eens =—e 127, 128, 139-140 | charlottensis -.......- 131, 145, 161, 162, 386, 390, 441 ONO) OiSl= a soecaondese tocoueoneso se 141, 160, 161, 164 Chephrensisie eas e-mcee seeae. osteeere 141, 160, 161 CHIUMLUS Hee ee ce chee aos ce cee 133, 387, 397,441, 459 Cinerex—eallinte sescmr-sesseree esses Pere 148 Ginenexe= callimuleer. ssn a-~ oe eee cc ceeitane 148 ciirinetlajcallinulte<<.. 2.22. ce. - eck e ose cece 148 ClEODHOMUSs=—ss=-e eae eee eer ae ee 130, 1438, 160 CleOpathiess.see 22 setae seen ema 141, 160, 161, 162 (QG(AVINY Seems ncaa Shot ocsocussoodootesdenbe 130, 143 COlOTECeCNSIS#e see ese ae see 134, 388, 417, 441, 460 167 168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Page. Columb eeerecese cee a ecin- a2 sess see 147, 441, 457 (KONIC. sopaaoas socusoseseomapacoodcs 130, 143, 162 COMMOLM Speers seis ne ese eae eee eee 1 consimilis (CERATOPHYLLUS) ...-- 147,441, 458 consimilis (CERATOPSYLLUS).......... 158, 163 CORT eee micis ce oraicice = a/siteeeten eater 130, 144, 162 CLOSD Vile a) nicicisie sis see ae eieeatel= aie elniatavatels 187, 158 CLEUSR ee execs doce ase Sates mae eSEe 141, 160, 163, 164 CRENOCHPHAIGUSIE-eesseemcereere seeetaaere 129, 131, 145, 371, 377, 384-385, 438-139, 463 Ctenocephalus=SPILOPSYLLUS ...-..------ 131 Clenonotus=CERATOPHYLLUS....-...-.-..- 371 CRENOPRETEAUMUS Ss esseeere secre eeerre a) 129; 135, 153-154, 371, 377, 420-425, 448-451, L67 Ctenophthalmus=CERATOPSYLLUS .....-- 152 | = ORENORSYUGWUS Eee ceria L52 | Ctenopsylla=CTENOPSYLLUS .....-- 136, 155, 156 CRENOERS Yar LTDA ee eeeene ces 124, 136, 155-157 | CIENORS WG DUS te eceer eo ee reseee oe eee 136, 155-156, 371, 377, 426-430, 452-453 Ctenopsyllus=CERATOPHYLLUS....-.---- Lhe CUNICHIU— NED OLIS see teereteeiee easier aeteteer= 145 CUSDICAtUSse eects erate essere ane 435, 460 Galen she cceeeecee eee neces coceee see aee sci 147 DASypPSVllUSieseerer ee eeea ee ere ecece 129, 146 GHCKGeNss 4 Adsashecoamsoucdeuadacs= 158, 449, 460 GasyUtiiese ose er sec cece aes 156, 160, 161, 453, 457 Gentatusteectse.p 7c neni 181, 145, 386, 390, 441, 462 Dermatophilus=SARCOPSYLLA ....-..--- 87h, 433 GICtEMUS (ose maciecccles ceils aclalsieisietele erin 158, 454, 461 igitalis—VarabUMGUs)= ese ee cece eile =|-l == 152 Gipplelescsss seecaeee eee ere ase 137, 157, 163, 164, 468 Gishin CbUSeee-eee eee saeco nee aeer 137, 158 Gp, dasachaacnaceenodoesasee 134, 388, 416, 441, 460 MDOLIGHORSYAGG ENA yee cae ceva = 127, 185, 155 DOLICHOPRSYDLUS se see ssseeuseeeeae 127, 135, 155 Gaye ery so ed padssacbassaesspseoasaseeacogs 147, 164 GIA S SHbocodoedeeanb ss es saps acseeessucces 442, 1.59 aryas, sciurorum Var.—Oryvas)..--.2.2-----.... | L12 QUP eS toeeacacisocee cee oa 129, 378, 379, 435, 459 Qugesti, irritans var.—Gugesil_-.-...-..----- 135 CCHIGM a 224s ak Piast Beis oes se seteisie see e see = 485, 457 HM CEMDNO BEVAGA esc coeetera sae 124, 138, 439, 463 ClONPaAtUS Stee oes sree es ees coer se 158, 454, 461 endymionis, californicus var.........---- 147, 160 endymionis=californicus var.endymionis.. 147 Enheodus—Canis eresesete ose tere eee oes 138 Gian cl eye seocensupcecessedscose 388,417, 442, 459 ETI GOSH ese eae cc en ace sacieseeee eee eer eee 141, 162 endear ssetes She css cece ce sae cies cce 141, 162, 164 ELINA CCI see ee rlo seen eeenew ane 145, 439, 460 CUMOlpl eee eee es cceciae ae eer 133, 147, 162 CUPHOL Der eee eee aeeeee cme 133, 148, 162 | faSCl@tUS ss. -2cecsseces 148, 371, 442, 458, 459, 460, 468 FGI ercecceeccarhocdaseeres 131, 145, 385, 438 TOSUERI Gs Sassen eraaaietists 137, 158, 163 fraternusic icy ocs2 = see eacen eas 135, 420, 423, 450 fringillee: sooo te lh Sec eeee eeteaeee 148, 442, 457 WiTOnTS —lASClAUUSe series eee eceeeeee ens 148 gallinacea.... 125,188, 374, 375, 434, 457, 461, 462, 463 PallINGe soweccenee 129, 148, 371, 385, 442, 457,459, 461 Palin seses sacks cae cc cele ceemisecle aaa 148 PATO riser cee eneee oie aw eleeielereiticlseniemiosielete 46S Cnn appeal ES cee cosoodocceEcqdosdssse 148 re PEN aISs-) se ee ee eee eee 135, 420, 424, 450, h Serbs caesar Sa. see eee ee eee ae PSAs Pee seek oe ese em e 135, 420, 421, 450 Guilclicy— Wie kn ae er = eee eeeer esse eeee LAS P1ACIDIS RS sotse see eee te 130, 144, 160, 436, 458 Glinis=CLlin aCe. s-4-5 osc ees es ee eeEe ee nerEne 145 == SMUT OUI ees steer baths See 151 Gloviceps—VUllpeS=ensee- eee -- eee eee cee 140, 438 GOniocenhalus—lCPOLSemeneea= seer ee eee 145, 439 GONTOPRSYAGGUSPeepeeeecoetteeecosseeeee 128, 140 STACIIS Arenas Pe eee eee eee eer ere eae 158, 452, 460. ONACUIS—SOLCCIS=--eeeene see eee eee eee 156 STAN MIS See coe seen a eee ee 135, 153, 162, 468 CYAN SS wee cee oe eee eer ae neem 155, 164 SLOSMMAN CICS eee eae aee ee eae eee 132, 148, 161 ES TOSSIUVE DGG Swe ee ee 126, 127, 139, 160, 457 grossiventris Baker=agenoris. 126, 138, 376, 434, 457 | HUECTORS WabuAU sss see ee 371, 375, 43h, 468, 468 PHBE CLO RS NG ND Aare eee 128, 373, 375, 43h hen le vilks ase ae Oe Ree eee eee 148, 161, 162 Ihesperomysieeemeeaae eee ees 136, 427, 428, 452, 459 hexvactenavar. petropolitana=petropolitanus. 456 NhexaCtentseeeseesaseere ase 158, 455, 460, 461, 468 DUT ees bc8 cee s aae cee eee 149, 159, 160 hirsutus)-2--2- eee Se GR aE Ee 134, 387, 392, 443, 459 HILUn Ginist ansae eee eee 149, 443, 457 LOMINLS =I Sy eee eee ae eee ee 1,36 HOPE ORS VULUS mescasseseeeces secre 128, 180, 144 howard7—Wwiekh smitessseeaeeseee sae eae ALS Lal\yg2 2) 0: ihe re eRe i Se Pee i a GR 436, 462 Wy P18 se eee eee ee cee 186, 155, 162, 163, 164 VTA Cl. Searls neenind oe ctecineteee weer eae 136, 155 ELYS RRICHOPRSYii AG see see eset eens 136, 137, 157, 370, 377, 432, 454, 463, 468 HMYSTRICHORSYLLED Ae eeeee 124, 136-137, 157 Hystrichopsylline = HYSTRICHOPSYLLI- | Ds ego ene adan en acodtesasdaanecassanaaas= 136 JO MHOERSIS= es seee cece 134, 388, 413, 443, 459 IFA WYO) MUS sac apeaosonsosadasassce 134, 388, 416, 443, 458 |) Smee CUUANIS Sas. celesee are le 131, 145, 384, 385, 439, 438 | ine qualis var. simplex=simplex ......-.--- 145, 439 | Sb OKCGTARUEY Scameesoadeeaesecasosoascosanuadce / 455, 461 AnennvisS—=S TOSSIVENLTIS): o-- eee eee eee 127,139 makQansidone saoucuosceaswoscosquasocoscsosas 150,458 Wait bp epanosoastaeaashosséandnoceood 137, 158, 1638 intermedius (CERATOPSYLLUS)......-- 455, 461 intermedius (CTENOPHTHALMUS).....-- 135, 420, 423, 450, 457 ATRIANS ec eieka Sacro eae eee neiemiee 128, 129, 142, 159, 366, 368, 369, 370, 371, 578, 379, 436, 462, 463 | irritans var. dugesiti=dugesii .............-- 435 |Minnitans! vate simi Ullim Seen ss eel eee eee eee 457 ISTIS 2S sce sematere ce So aitos em cam etineieeite 142, 160 NY Obs soan pcecodanEss asanSsoeeacesscar 149, 161 TEXewt hn Sock obsancenecocdoceoncnenscsntess 436,458 jWbatusisssaccsem cee esasesee ene eeeeee 159, 455, 461 KCenigee ee eeen ene eee 133, 387, 400, 444, 459, 467 kereuelensis: «\..3-%.saqsascpicee cc 128, 140, 437, 457 klaSesilse cass samate segues ssaasss easasqere 130, 144 labiatus.c2-sce-eeeSceeeee ee 1338, 387, 402, 444, 462 JAP OMY Sissh es caiesgs seme e eat See see meae 149, 444, 458 lamellifer o24. tse. aces he a eee 1,37 TemMius: ee igaae ne cctee ec iesice eit aneieeentiee 437, 458 | | | NO. 1417. Page. Ie OW Ricco seeeneceaoesaoco > ssedesee 129, 145, 439, 458 | leneOyWE) Sagesssocuncessancsce 133, 387, 401, 444,459 | NOUS OLMIS area tel stm etelara ale = eas 128, 131, 144, 159 | OAR ONT ose soeseseooenoeerapoooT 142, 437, 460 | longispinuws=GivisuS ......-.-------------- 416,441 INGE ocesadecospasronacecce 132, 388,410, 444,460 | eis Bae See encom seca s ec 132,149,161 | IVA SSeeeseersedoaaae 128, 130, 144, 378, 380, 437, 462 | TUN OOJESINGULILIN 2a Soe pee eeeseeeuocedee 124, 127,139 | LACIE NAL V2 8 ees Saeeesdee onoaeece 127,139 | INOS sceesecne SooSesceere 130, 144, 378, 383, 437, 462 MAC ACASCATICNS See scsi re sine reece! 137, 460 JM UAIDAN COBEN 0) Gy NE Rae eee eaucee 125-127, 1388-139 MALACOPSYLLIDZE ..:....- 124, 125-127, 138-139 MOR: 6st daheeeo Sse ScenEooseenceaaeasow, 131, L5h, 458 Ta ERE AND = eae ee Oe em i ee ae 159, 163 DVIEE CHASES Vile At aan aoe ates saisersiaias 376, 434, 463 Megapsylla=MALACOPSYLLA .. 125, 127, 188, 189 NIDBE GAS AY LIE Da dy Cote aes eocodecabor 373, 376, 434 Megapsyllide=MALACOPSYLLIDE....... 125 | AGUS sagucocecoeceeesconeoauenpedodnas 149, 444, 462 | EPUB SMM Se ane cachesen odadbSSseder 148 | =n Inthe aAba ease seaoedanodapocoass 148 IMELMIIESCEMS) eA nc seine ace -ie=— Bese LL hOleM TLR AMIS aoe cieie statatelelctitsistetsia) A 1,27, 430,452, 459 | MANCHU HSM NOU GAgeesadosascennopEDeTss 156 | TITER CLO eos oo alere eieeescte aie slnval & misieyavsrsiate sierere's 139, 163 THUY CLV es eee Sate oe ooo ltceials wicseretereiseaiete s/= 156,160 | MRO CC(e—= 2 ANTES eee eeiae aaa aisle se al alates 148 MONOPS YMbUWS 2 asce asses actasees ce stonsce 37 1 Sige xoye Ais UN 1D). oem nace case copeeoe sae 378 TVOTNU AIM Syrerersiesaiee ereverere sei a 39, 388, 411,445, 459 NAOMI CO) Gare settles eyere mini te cies aera reyersteraierst= 154, 162 multispinosus ........ 129, 131, 145, 386, 389, 445, 459 munina, serraticeps Var.—Canis.........----- 145 | YUM UATS NTNU S pes ere pote raverata ss wistaraistere aisracs'a1s ate/cretoie 142,161 | MUris (CBRATOPHYLEUS)).2- 22.2. ssese L67 | PIMULT Se (UR UTS HERO Hae sees eeiciol= stetateie ejsreceie levers L467 MMWCOWNE So osecseoeeeee 136, 156, 371, 452, 458, 459, 467 MNUSTEL Se yore ase nese, c sei ab oaecemieseeee 149, 445, 462 MMV COMM Ue asec Soe cee Ae ae eines see singe aeeels 142,161 MUST Gleave estes a ye wisteye isa es = cee eee eceeetc 157, 161 IMEI ORSVs ACen atta sss sce os 129, 135, 154-155 | ME VOS WICK MAM Vane csesse = = ale Sei ers 152, 164 Tiepos—WACKhHAM VateMePOS- a. 210-222 -5 152 UeRUSCE CLO U=— Peal TIN U CO cyaret= ateva tal /ols(alevatajaralale tay 148 | MRO VES PUTT CES or c cyareisle:cin cats ate 'siecieie o's neawvelere 149 | MODEM OENLAL = CANIS seme eae csiostaeeeeeee $71,498 | MUO MUS eis serio crisis cljisiee eects ce clese 139, 160 MUIDUCUSt sa cows ors mnie scene cece 142,161,164 | IN{WCOK ID Shoe Seeer Gece See ice cease 425, 426,452,459 | IMUNIOES Se oom aedconbean onobeeseestoooogcacer 149,160 | CD SGUIGU Stee ae esncreyare ister cists cleterevere eras L55, 461 GULUSLCEDS Uap ce passe teeieloe ae alate re 157, 432,454 | OGlIACLEMUS Yaa setae e oreo sal 371, 456, 460, 461,468 | (OXCT IE ae ee cece Pa RE RS OR eer rs Se 150 | COXA ANTE ees eres eee iene Sherer 150,164 | octodecimdentatus=fasciatus ......-.-------- 372 | OGUIGMUS Seep oeraaas eestiscee 183, 387, 396,445, 462 | ODONROPRS VALU Sees ce eee -i-ie 129, 131, 145-146 | @iley cyl te) Good cea soononeedoppoceesbososscC 150 | Oncopsylla=CH ®TOPSYLLA ........-.-- 128, 140 COMME MDa lS teeesie sieeee ins cles cinisiaialeicieisie <1 154, 450, 459 REVISION OF . UDG N SIPHONAPTERA—BAKER. 169 paoee AEB ORS OMAN ayers see eiec isle amie = = 129, 135, 153 je WUNGIDE, SSopeSssaaGe5e 142, 162, 163, 369, 437, 458, 462 pallidus=cheopis .....------------++-++++---- 141 CONIOLMISt ee een eee eae eens 141 =i) bi osccaasbercdéconeTasaSeee 141 WAN POSUSieee seme se = else aia rsielee som = ea 137, 159 PARIAPSYUMUS 2 oececcm cases i - 128, 131, 144 PECUIMNICEPSis- aces eleeile le = aicln = <= le ai oe 453, 458 pencillicen Sse ass.sse- = 150, 161, 164, 377, 445, 462 pencilliger =sibiricus...-.-.----------+------ 453 penetrans. 125, 138, 366, 367, 370, 374, 435, 461, 162,463 DEMbAGHIMNT NUS! see ee ee = r= 155, 450,449, 460 DENtAClENUS ya. 6:- eel a= = = 159, 371, 456, 460, 461 DELPINNATUS Seeder ace ea 129, 146, 386, 391, 445 MEU OlAtUS) saetastems eer eel 134, 388, 415, 446, 462 petropolitana, hexactena var.=petropolita- TU TUS eres cat tove eleleiseicielataiciet= alalaleisie\=[alntulal~ i= 1.56 MEtLOMGUITAMUS Sas csecee eee ce = a atnllo 456 phillippimensis.....2.-...2-------2 52-22 142 LMM AGUS S a-teteteete eae lee se aia -tinisietaiataim inal 150, 446 WOCAMNUIS! Seep a= ateiaieiale\e (<= = =)=i=i-s-19 134, 150, 162, 164 POMWIONISHer te seccie ceeeere een 133, 150, 161 19{0) 9) XSlongraeise onc ahecnucaduoceeouesc 129, 152, 161 pratensis=gallinulae ....---..-------------- 148 jIROP TaN ie soc padedsecneacccusueceduoNs 154, 161, 162 PLOMIMUSeeee asses ees ae 133, 388, 412, 446, 459 pseudagyrtes ....- 154, 161, 163, 420, 421, 451, 460 pPscudarctomys! sss 2em--1= = 133, 387, 399, 446, 459 pseudarctomys var. acasti.-..-.---------- 150, 162 POSUGUS Capea a terete etal are eteel tata 375, 434, 457, 461 peeled = PSITTACI 5 = <.steerere alare = = a= atelalminlam'='nJ~/nins 43h, leAU MEN DD.Ce ake nc 126, 128, 129, 140-143, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 871, 876, 877, 878-384, 435-138, 463, 467, 468 Pulex=CERATOPHYLLUS ........... 149, 152, 416, AHO, L441, 442, 443, LAL, 445,446, G47, 448 =O RAL O PS aU Sierra eat erie srarsye hbk = CHAT ORS WliAtesecc cea =-ieisieinisters 140 =CTENOPCEPHALUS 145, 438,439 =CTENOPHTHALMUS 449,450, 451 —CTENOPRS WULUS Se5-scessseece ae L52, 453 =GONITORSWilG WU Siwacens-rceecmserieetes 140 — HORE ORS Wai U Seacccmmecce sce = a 144 SVS RR GH ORS YaAgeroc case hbk, = MAIEAGOIPS Yule tals resect 139 =I EY MESh a ben cena eeoeendeescuase L3h —=ODONRO PS VIS Seat esecenc cer 145 SS PAUR ACP S alo eUS teteraicte stots nictete alee 131, 144 =REHOPALOPSYIELUS! 2. csaceae 143, 144 === SAU COR Swva ul Ag pete ei terste\etelee clara /etele L3h —SPIMORSMULUS ise seesceeastscscicise ee 145 ==), oS NO) ESN I bys beings snceeonebonaeses Nh AON OK OIID4 ieeenaemsocoseceneese] see aoerecos 124, 127-135, 139-155, 373, 377-432, 435-457 IPOH DARIAN A SSssqgeonueacgads 127, 128-135, 140-155 pullolorum=gallinacea ....------------------ L3h, | FonPeoniel] cos osaacendasices qonccencesoosee 143, 160 pyrrhule=gallinule ......-.-----++-+--+------ 148 quadridentatus=musculi ...---------- 371, 452, 453 G(EDINOUE Ga nceusoeobosoreEce coporcuasacde 133, 150, 161 TAINMOSIS eee eee eee eriemict cement 143, 161, 162 TORN EAE! oe Reece sp oore op eeoe osboC 151, 161 TEQUGHUSs GAMING Vial see eeels aes ane 158, 163 reductus=camine var. reductus....-.------ 158 ME PU Se eyeeetete aie stole eistere eerele ete a helatet rata 143, 161 170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Page. RHOPRADOPSYLEUS =-.5--.-- Page telnactenus—pentactentisi sees seer e saree 456 thomasi (CHRATOPREY TLUS)) 222-2. se. 152, 160 thomasi (STEPHANOCIRCUS)...--...... 157, 161 WitO Due cect xm oes aye ee ie a ae AL?, 459 Prichopsylius=CERATOPHYLLUS:...--.-..- yal, NWh2, 443, hhh, Ah5 =| PIT BK oc men grey, banded with white. Primaries grey irrorated with lighi 196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. brown; the costa brownish, the lines black; a medial straight line, brown in cell, black below it, incurved below submedian; an inwardly curved line from subcostal at end of cell to vein 3, then upwardly curved to median, then outwardly oblique to submedian near post- medial, and very deeply indentate on submedian; a deeply dentate line beyond cell, followed by the postmedial, which is evenly curved from costa to vein 2, then slightly incurved to inner margin; an irregular subterminal Jine; a terminal line; some brown shading’s on outer mar- gin; fringe white spotted with brown. Secondaries dirty white; the veins dark; outer margin and a postmedial line dark grey. Kixpanse.—19 mm. Habitat.— St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8562, U.S.N.M. Family LITHOSITD. Genus AGYLLA Walker. AGYLLA DELICIA, new species. Head and thorax dark grey. Abdomen whitish; anal tufts yellow- ish buff. Primaries white; the inner margin to cell smoky grey. Sec- ondaries yellowish buff; the inner margin and a subterminal space white; the outer margin grey, darkest toward costa. Underneath the primaries are grey, the secondaries white; the basal half of costa on both wings yellowish buff. wn panse.—23 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8519, U.S.N.M. AGYLLA AURANTICARIA, new species. Body grey above, whitish buff underneath. Primaries white, faintly grey on inner margin. Secondaries white; a large patch of androconia on basal half of cell; a greyish shade on vein 2 at outer margin. Underneath the primaries have a streak of hairs below cell, widening to a broad tuft between veins 2 and 4. Kxpanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Comes next to Agylla polysemata Schaus. Type.—Cat. No. 8520, U.S.N.M. AGYLLA SUBVOLUTA, new species. Body above dark grey; frons tinged with brown. Primaries white; the inner margin below submedian dark grey, above it paler grey; the costa finely pale buff; a dark-grey line on fringe. Secondaries white; the apex broadly, the outer margin narrowly, smoky grey. Underneath, primaries dark grey; secondaries as above, the apical grey shadings somewhat darker, z No. 1420, NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 197 Livpanse.—30 mm. Habitat. —Maroni River, French and Dutch Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8521, U.S.N.M. Comes next to A. dognin?é Hampson. AGYLLA SANCTZE-JOHANNIS, new species. Body grey above, darkest terminally on abdomen. Primaries white; the inner margin below submedian greyish. Secondaries white, thickly irrorated with grey, more heavily on outer margin. Eixpanse.—Female, 19 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8522, U.S.N.M. Genus ARDONEA Walker. ARDONEA JUDAPHILA, new species. Head dark brown. Collar and thorax orange red. Abdomen vio- laceous black. Primaries grey brown; the costal and inner margins broadly shaded with dark violaceous; some similar streaks between veins on outer margin; an orange-red space at base. Secondaries fuscous grey. Expanse.— 21 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8523, U.S.N.M. Genus PARAPALOSIA Dyar. PARAPALOSIA CINDERELLA, new species. Head and thorax greyish buff. Abdomen grey, much darker ter- Primaries light grey: a very broad darker grey transverse minally. Secondaries whitish at base, the shade from near base to end of cell. outer portion suffused with grey. inpanse.—19 mm. Tlabitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8524, U.S.N.M. Genus PRONOLA Hampson. PRONOLA FRATERNA, new species. Head and thorax bright yellow. Abdomen violaceous black; some yellow ventrally at base. Legs yellow. Primaries dark violaceous black; the base, costal margin, apex broadly, and outer margin to vein 3 bright yellow. Secondaries: the costal half greyish buff, oth- erwise dark brown. Kxpanse.—16 mm. Habitat.—Maroni River, French Guiana. Cat. No. 8525, U.S.N.M. Type. 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, Genus DIPAZINA Walker. DIPAENA INCONTENTA, new species. Head black, shot with blue and violet. Thorax dark violaceous brown. Abdomen dark blue-black; terminal two segments dorsally and laterally red: anal hairs red. Primaries dark reddish brown, shot: with violaceous, especially on inner margin. Secondaries grey-black; the outer margin broadly dark blue. Kxpanse.—23 mm. Hlabitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8526, U.S.N.M. Genus EUDOLICHE Mosehler. EUDOLICHE LONGA, new species. Head and thorax white. Abdomen buff-white. Primaries white; a brown shade near base below median; a medial brown shade in cell; a brown shade below median, extending to postmedial shade; the latter obsolete on costa and inner margin; a brown spot at apex, one at inner angle, and one on middle of outer margin; fringe white. Secondaries white. Expanse.—22 mm. Tlabitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. . Type.—Cat. No. 8527, U.S.N.M. Genus THYONE Walker. THYONE MURICOLOR, new species. Head and thorax dark leaden grey. Abdomen greyish black. Pri- maries leaden grey, changing to light violaceous. Secondaries grey- black. Expanse.—18 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8528, U.S.N.M. THYONE PERBELLA, new species. Head yellow. Collar and thorax orange. Abdomen ochreous yel- low. Primaries: Base yellow, changing to orange, then red, and ~ finally brown, followed by a broad medial pale yellow fascia, which ts slightly oblique from costa to inner margin; a black spot at base of costs; the median fascia followed by a brown shade, gradually fading to ochreous yellow; the veins on outer portion dark brown. Second- aries pinkish yellow. Kixpanse.—16 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8529, U.S.N.M. No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 199 Genus HYPERMA:PHA Hampson. HYPERMA®PHA MARONIENSIS, new species. Head and thorax greenish buff. Abdomen and secondaries roseate. Primaries pale greenish buff; a brown streak from base below cell to outer margin (sometimes almost obsolete), where it is joined by a brown terminal line from apex; a dark brown spot beyond cell. Underneath red. Ypanse.—12 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8530, U.S.N.M. Genus ODOZANA Walker. ODOZANA UNICA, new species. Head and thorax dark fuscous grey. Abdomen red above. Body underneath dark fuscous grey. Primaries fuscous grey, darker at base and along inner margin. Secondaries red; the costa, apex, and outer margin fuscous grey, very broadly so at apex, narrowing to a point at anal angle. wepanse.—1T mm. [labitat.— Cordoba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 8531, U.S.N.M. Genus PREPIELLA Hampson. PREPIELLA CONVERGENS, new species. Head buff. Abdomen pale roseate. Body creamy buff underneath. Primaries pale buff; the basal half streaked with black; a black line from middle of inner margin curving up around end of cell and return- ing to inner angle, inclosing a pale yellow space, on which is a red spot at end of cell, and some red irrorations above and below sub- median; black streaks beyond this line not reaching apex and outer margin; a black terminal line. Secondaries yellow; the apex black. Expanse.—18 mm. Habitat. —St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8532, U.S.N.M. Genus CALLISTHENIA Hampson. CALLISTHENIA ANGUSTA, new species. Head dark grey; a pale buff line close to eyes. Thorax black; the patagia tipped with red. Abdomen red above, yellowish underneath. Primaries black; yellowish buff streaks on basal half of cell, below it, above submedian, and on inner margin; a broad postmedial yellow fascia, narrowing at inner margin, and inclosing a red spot at end of cell; yellowish buff streaks on outer margin and costa between the 200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. veins. Secondaries orange red; the apex broadly black, narrowing to vein 3. Kxpanse.—13 mm. Habitat.— St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8533, U.S.N.M. Genus ILLICE Walker. ILLICE ABALA, new species. Head and thorax grey-black. Collar yellowish. Abdomen roseate. Primaries grey-black; a roseate yellow spot at base of inner margin; a broad yellowish fascia across end of cell, from costa to inner mar- gin. Secondaries yellowish red; the apex broadly grey-black, nar- rowing to vein 3 in the male, continuous to anal angle in the female. EXxpanse.—\4 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8534, U.S.N.M. : ILLICE SUBRUBRA, new species. Head and thorax dark leaden grey. Collar and abdomen red. Pri- maries leaden grey; the costa finely pale buff. Secondaries red; the apex broadly leaden grey. Underneath the same. Eixpanse.—16 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8535, U.S.N.M. ILLICE PYGMZA, new species. Head and thorax black-grey. Collar and patagia creamy buff. Abdomen red. Primaries black-grey; basal half of inner margin creamy buff; a similar postmedial fascia slightly constricted at end of cell. Secondaries yellowish, tinged with roseate on costal margin; apical half of outer margin black-grey. Kixpanse. 10 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8536, U.S.N.M. ILLICE RUBRICOLLIS, new species. Head and thorax blackish grey. Collar and abdomen crimson. Primaries dark fuscous grey. Secondaries blackish; a red streak on inner margin. cepanse.—16 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8537, U.S.N.M. No, 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 201 Genus METALOBOSIA Hampson. METALOBOSIA INVARDA, new species. Head and thorax black. Abdomen above dull red, black under- neath and on last segment above. Primaries violaceous brown, iri- descent. Secondaries black; below cell to inner margin and anal angle roseate. Expanse.—19 mm. Tlabitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8538, U.S.N.M. Genus ARHABDOSIA Dyar. ARHABDOSIA SUBVARDA, new species, Head, thorax, and primaries dark brown. Abdomen red; the last segment and tufts black. Secondaries black; the inner area from just within cell red. Expanse.—19 mm. Tlabitat.—st. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8539, U.S.N.M. Genus ASGAPTESYLE Dyair. ASCAPTESYLE SUBMARGINATA, new species. Head, thorax, and primaries greyish brown. Abdomen dark brown. Secondaries crimson; the apex, a terminal line, and fringe black. Expanse.—20 mm. Habitat.—Trinidad, British West Indies. Type.—Cat. No. 8540, U.S.N.M. Genus NODOZANA Hampson. NODOZANA BELLICULA, new species. Head and thorax dark grey. Abdomen roseate above; underneath buff banded with black. Primaries pinkish buff; a broad black median fascia, containing a pale buff spot in cell and one above it, followed by a red spot at end of cell; an oblique black line from costa at three- fourths from base to a black spot at inner angle, followed by black streaks on veins, interrupted on veins 5 and 6, Secondaries pinkish yellow, the apex black. Haepanse.—12 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8541, U.S.N.M. 202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Genus LYCOMORPHODES, Hanwpsen-. LYCOMORPHODES EPATRA, new species. Frons, collar, and thorax shining coal black; vertex ochreous. Abdomen dull black. Primaries shining coal black; an ochreous streak at base below costa. Secondaries dull black. Lixpanse.—18 mm. Tlabitat.— st. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8542, U.S.N.M. Genus TALARA Walker. TALARA ORNATA, new species. Head and collar light greyish brown. Thorax blackish. Abdomen roseate, the last segment black. Primaries: basal half and apex creamy buff, thinly irrorated with brown; outer half more thickly irrorated with brown, forming a broad diffuse postmedial shade; subterminal blackish shades, a dark brown spot at end of cell. Secondaries: the base and inner margin roseate, otherwise black. Underneath the primaries are black, the inner margin yellowish. te panse.—16 mm. Habitat.—sSt. Jean, French Guiana. Type. —Cat. No. 8548, U.S.N.M. TALARA SUBCOCCINEA, new species. Head and thorax light roseate brown. Abdomen and secondaries roseate ochreous; anal hairs black. Primaries pale buff, shaded with roseate except on costal and inner margins, and thinly irrorated with brown; a fine oblique darker shade from below cell to inner margin; fringe shaded with black-brown. Underneath the primaries are roseate, the costa, apex, and outer margin shaded with brown. Lirpanse.—18 mm. Tlabitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8544, U.S.N.M. TALARA DECEPTA, new species. Frons, thorax, and abdomen black; vertex yellow. Primaries black, tinged with deep blue; a postmedial whitish fascia interrupted below cell by a dark streak; a pale buff spot close above inner angle, and extending on to fringe. Secondaries light brown at base, suffusing to black on outer margin. Hapanse.—19 mm. Tlabitat.—-St. Jean, Freneh Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8545, U.S.N.M. No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 203 TALARA UNIMODA, new species. Head and thorax dark grey. Abdomen roseate. Primaries dark grey. Secondaries roseate; apex very broadly black, tapering to a point at anal angle. yepanse.—13 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8546, U.S.N.M. TALARA DIVERSA, new species. Head and thorax dark grey. Abdomen roseate; anal hairs dark brown. Primaries whitish; a dark brown shade at base of costa, extending to submedian; a broad brown medial shade from costa to below cell, followed by a dark grey postmedial shade on which is a black point at end of cell; a large blackish spot at inner angle, extend- ing to vein 3; apex shaded with brown; some light brown irrorations on inner margin. Secondaries red; apex and outer margin broadly black, narrowing to a point at anal angle. Lirpanse.—14 min. Habitat. St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8547, U.S.N.M. TALARA RUGIPENNIS, new species. Head and thorax black grey. Abdomen roseate. Primaries drab grey, irrorated with apparently raised black and white scales. Sec- ondaries dull black. Lrpanse.— 14 mm. Mabitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8548, U.S.N.M. Genus PARATALARA Dyar. PARATALARA INVERSA, new species. Head and thorax white. Abdomen and secondaries grey. Pri- maries: the base, costal margin broadly, apex, and outer margin to vein 2 white; antemedial space below cell to inner margin dark erey, followed by a broad brown shade, extending faintly onto white costa; a whitish postmedial line, followed by a dark grey shade reaching outer margin at inner angle. Expanse.—1+4 mm. Habitat.—st. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8549, U.S.N.M. 904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Genus CLEMENSIA Packard. CLEMENSIA BRUNNEOMEDIA, new species. Head and thorax brown. Abdomen dark grey; anal nairs buff. Primaries: basal third creamy buff, shaded with gray, chiefly on base of costa, followed by a brown space extending on costa to apex, limited at end of cell by a grey streak, constricted between cell and sub- median; terminal portion whitish, irrorated with grey; an interrupted terminal brown line. Secondaries white; the outer margin tinged with grey below vein 2. Expanse.—19 mm. [abitat.—Costa Rica. Type.—Cat. No. 8550, U.S.N.M. CLEMENSIA SUBLEIS, new species. Head and thorax dirty white. Abdomen grey. Primaries dirty white, the median space irrorated with light brown; a black spot at base of costa and one below median; an antemedial black spot on costa, and one above submedian; a postmedial interrupted blackish shade; a subterminal black spot on costa, a smaller one below vein 6, and a shade above inner margin. Secondaries pale grey; a dark medial spot on costa. Kirpanse.—14 mm. Tlabitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Cate Nor-85515) Was, NM Type. CLEMENSIA DISTINCTA, new species. Body dark mouse grey. Primaries dark mouse grey; a darker basal, antemedial and postmedial shade; a subterminal whitish line at costa, and below vein 2 to inner margin; a black spot at apex; a dark grey spot at vein 5 extending on to fringe; fringe terminally whitish above and below vein 5 to inner angle. Secondaries lighter grey. >» Hrpanse.—18 mm. [Tabitat.—Trinidad, British West Indies. Type:—Cat. No. 8552, U.S.N.M. CLEMENSIA INLEIS, new species. Hlead and thorax buff. Abdomen grey. Primaries buff, thinly irrorated with light brown; a postmedial row of small brown spots; a small brown spot at apex, and one on costa before apex. Secondaries buft-white. Hxpanse.—18 mm. [Tabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 8553, U.S.N.M. —s No, 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 205 CLEMENSIA ABNORMIS, new species. Head and collar white. Thorax yellow. Abdomen whitish grey; dark grey terminally. Primaries bright yellow; the costal margin, apex broadly, and outer margin whitish; some brown irrorations on yellow space near white outer margin. Secondaries white, shaded with buff below cell; a subterminal grey shade on costa, becoming marginal and broad below vein 5 to anal angle. tupanse.—16 mm. Habitat.— St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8554, U.S.N.M. Genus EPITALARA Dyar. EPITALARA REVERSA, new species. Head white. Thorax and abdomen grey. Primaries white from base to middle of costa and inner angle; beyond shaded with brown, leaving only apex white; a black point at end of cell; traces of a fine dark postmedial line; fringe white mottled with brown; a terminal dark brown line. Secondaries grey. Hxpanse.—13 mm. Habitat.—st. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8555, U.S.N.M. Genus DIARHABDOSIA Hampson. DIARHABDOSIA STRIGIPENNIS, new species. Head and thorax creamy white. Abdomen yellowish at base, ter- minally roseate. Primaries white; a black spot at base of costa; an antemedial and a medial black line from costa, meeting below cell, and enclosing some black clusters of scales in cell; a postmedial black line from costa, curving around to apex, enclosing a white spot streaked with black; a blackish spot at middle of outer margin; an irregular cluster of black scales at inner angle. Secondaries yellow- ish; the apex black. Underneath yellow tinged with red; basal half of costa on primaries black, with a large black medial spot from costa to below cell; black at apex and inner angle. Eixpanse.—13 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8556, U.S.N.M. Genus EUZHUGAPTERYX Dyar. EUZEUGAPTERYX SPECIOSA, new species. Head light brown. Thorax light grey. Abdomen blackish grey. Primaries grey thickly irrorated with brown; a broad blackish brown 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, streak below costa for two-thirds from base. Secondaries dark grey; the costal margin whitish; fringe at apex blackish. hapanse.—15 mm. Habitat.—sSt. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8557, U.S.N.M. Family ARCTIID. Genus ROBINSONIA Grote. ROBINSONIA ROCKSTONIA, new species. Palpi, head, and collar dark brown spotted with white; some ochre- ous below and at sides of head. Legs white inwardly, brown out- wardly. Thorax ochreous; patagia white, edged with dark greyish brown. Abdomen with a dorsal ochreous stripe, with a dark brown stripe on either side of it, laterally and ventrally white. Primaries brown; a broad subcostal ochreous streak; below cell and beyond it, helow vein 6, white, leaving the margins narrowly brown, also veins 2, 3, and 4; subapical white spots above and below vein 7; smaller marginal white spots above and below vein 5. Secondaries white, a fuscous streak on veins 2 and 1; a dark streak on basal half of costal margin. Underneath similar, without any ochreous. Kivpanse.—40 mm. Habitat.-—Rockstone, British Guiana. Allied to R. lefaivrer Schaus. Type.-—Cat. No. 8563, U.S.N.M. ROBINSONIA EVANIDA, new species. Head and thorax white; back of head ochreous. Abdomen ochre- ous above; subdorsal white points; white ventrally. Primaries white; the costal margin pale greyish brown. In the male the outer and inner margin and a stripe across end of cell to outer margin between veins 2 and 3, faintly greyish. Secondaries white, This is probably a subspecies of 72. formula Grote. Had I not taken the specimens myself, I should have thought they had lost their mark- ings in the cyanide bottle. The male was taken in May, the female in July, at Santiago de Cuba. Expanse.—3+ mm. Robinsonia formula was not found at the east end of the island, but wascommonat Matanzas. Pohinsonia dewitz¢ Gundlach was also taken at Matanzas; it is an older name for 72. grote? Schaus, and I have speci- mens from Mexico, Trinidad, Cuba, French Guiana, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Type. Cat, No. 8564, U.S.N.M. - ; : } ; : No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 207 Genus IDALUS Walker. IDALUS RUBENS, new species. Antenne of male pectinated. Palpi crimson behind, buff in front; a dark point near tip. Head creamy white with crimson lines; tegulae creamy white edged with crimson, and crimson annu'ar spots. Thorax greyish brown; a crimson dorsal streak; patagia crimson, with a brown dorsal streak, and a lateral whitish streak; a silvery white spot at tips. Abdomen crimson above, whitish ventrally; fore cox crim- son. Legs greyish spotted with brown. Primaries yellowish white; the veins crimson, widening on outer margin; costal maré@in thickly mottled with dark grey; crimson basal spots on costa, below cell, and below submedian; a broad dark grey antemedial shade interrupted by the veins; a crimson streak on outer half of cell with irregular grey spots above and below it; an outer irregular row of long dark grey patches between the veins, mottled with buff transverse streaks near the veins; the inner margin medially crimson; terminal dark grey spots between the veins. Secondaries crimson; a whitish space in, beyond, and above cell. The secondaries as in /. A/pp/a Stoll. The patch of androconia on fore wings is very slight and does not reach vein 2. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8565, U.S.N.M. IDALUS LAURENTIA, new species. Palpi whitish, a black line behind and across tip. Head, collar, and thorax pale yellow; a blackish curved line anteriorly on patagia. Abdomen ochreous above, whitish underneath. Legs yellowish, spotted with black; fore coxe black, fringed with white. Primaries pale yellow; the spots annular, black; an elongated spot on base of costal margin; a small round spot below cell at base; an antemedial row of irregular elongated spots, the one in cell surmounted by two small spots; medial black streaks on costal margin; a round spot in cell and a smaller one between veins 2 and 3; very small spots above and below vein 4; a long spot above 5, and a shorter spot above 6; an outer row of round spots, the spot between 5 and 6 being nearer the marginal spot; marginal triangular spots; the spots on apical fourth of costa very narrow; fringe just above anal angle to submedian black; a black streak on inner margin. Secondaries white; a yellow shade on margin at vein 6. Kxpanse.—3+ mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana, Allied to 7. pandama Druce. Type.—Cat. No, 8566, U.S,N.M. 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. IDALUS NBEJA, new species. Body ochreous yellow. Palpi and legs grey; a light brown streak on patagia. Primaries pale yellow; a brown spot at base between median and submedian; large antemedial spots from below costa to submedian, below this a small spot, all coalescing, greyish brown; the balance of spots still paler; two in cell, one at upper angle, the other close to vein 3; a row of spots between veins close to cell, a post- medial row of larger spots, the one between vein 2 coalescing witb a grey patch at angle; the spot between 5 and 6 rather elongated; a submarginal row of round spots between the veins, and smaller margi- nal spots on the veins. Secondaries white; the inner margin pale yellow. Expanse.—36 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8567, U.S.N.M. IDALUS FLAVOPLAGA, new species. Antenne serrate and fasciculate. Secondaries with vein 3 before lower angle of cell; 6 and 7 coincident, shortly stalked with 8. Palpi grey. Head yellow; a black spot on frons, one between antenne and two behind. Collar yellow; two blackish grey spots. Thorax dark grey; patagia yellow, edged dorsally with black. Abdomen yellow, the last two segments grey; anal hairs white. Legs grey; fore coxe yellow spotted with black. Primaries dark greyish brown; the veins buff; a yellow streak on inner margin widening outwardly; a large yel- low spot postmedially from costa to vein 3; basally the spot is oblique, outwardly slightly angled between 5 and 6; a buff streak from base between median and submedian veins; fringe dark grey. Secondaries yellowish, tinged with ochreous on inner margin. Expanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8568, U.S.N.M. IDALUS ALBICOX£:, new species. Palpi black; a crimson lateral streak on basal half. Head and collar yellow. Thorax lilacine grey; yellowish in front; crimson streaks on patagia. Abdomen crimson above; a subdorsal white basal spot; underneath white. Coxe white. Primaries: from base to just beyond cell llacine grey irrorated with darker scales and out- wardly shaded with red; basal third of costa white; outer portion of wing yellow, incurving slightly between vein 3 and inner angle; above vein 3 a curved row of small clusters of black scales between the veins. Secondaries whitish; a crimson streak near inner margin. Veins 3 and 5 very shortly stalked. | | No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 209 30 mm. Li panse. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8569, U.S.N.M. IDALUS CATENATA, new species. Palpi roseate tipped with yellow. Fore cox and fringe around eyes roseate. Head and collar yellow. Thorax grey, the patagia fringed with roseate. Abdomen brownish yellow; asubdorsal roseate tuft at base. Primaries pale yellow; between cell, vein 2, and sub- median a grey space extending into cell at base and medially, and on to inner margin beyond base, and on outer third; this grey space is partly edged and streaked with crimson; two small spots at end of cell and one between 3 and 4 and between 6 and 7; an outer row of large grey spots divided by crimson streaks on veins; a marginal row of round grey spots between the veins. Secondaries whitish yellow; some roseate hairs at base of inner margin. Expanse.—40 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. This species is allied to /. lophocampoides Felder, but ditfers in many respects. Type.—Cat. No. 8570, U.S.N.M. Genus PRUMALA Schaus. PRUMALA HIEROGLYPHICA, new species. Head and thorax yellow, spotted with red, palpi spotted with brown; frons brown; tegule edged with brown. Abdomen roseate above, buff laterally, light brown underneath. Primaries yellowish irrorated with red; a streak from base above submedian, outer half of inner margin, and outer margin dark brown; median space on extreme costa dark grey, apically extreme costal margin brown; a dark grey streak on discocellular; veins on yellow portion all crimson; an interrupted antemedial brown irregular-line; two brown lines crossed on subme- dian between veins 2 and 3; a brown medial streak from costa to dis- cocellular; a fine postmedial line from veins 3 to 6, followed by two brown annuli on veins 5 and 6; an outer line from costa angled above 5. then wavy to vein 3; the angle is connected to outer margin by a dark brown shade; a fine submarginal line. Secondaries roseate. Expanse.—Female, 36 mim. Hlabitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Allied to P. optima Butler. Type.—Cat. No. 8571, U.S.N.M. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——14 P10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Genus PREMOLIS Hampson. PREMOLIS AMARYLLIS, new species. Head and thorax greenish yellow; some fine transverse reddish lines. Abdomen pale ochreous. Primaries greenish yellow; costal margin, and a broad band from costa before apex to inner angle brown; traces of fine reddish interrupted lines; basal, antemedial, medial, postmedial, submarginal and marginal. Secondaries roseate. Eixpanse.—29 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8572, U.S.N.M. Genus ZATREPHES Hubner. ZATREPHES ARENOSA, new species. Palpi crimson fringed with white. Head and collar white irrorated with red. Thorax and prolegs grey irrorated with red; fore coxe white. Abdomen crimson above, white underneath. Primaries lila- cine grey, irrorated with red; two darker grey oblique lines; the antemedial from subcostal to inner margin, the postmedial from vein 7 to inner margin, followed by a white semihyaline band between 4 and 7, widest between veins 4 and 5; extreme costal margin white irrorated with red. Secondaries crimson; the costal margin and fringe white. The female paler. Expanse.—Male, 29 mm.; female, 39 mm. Habitat.—Maroni River, French Guiana. Allied to Z. nitida Cramer. Type.—Cat. No. 8573, U.S.N.M. ZATREPHES MODESTA, new species. Head and thorax light brown thinly irrorated with red. Abdomen pale buff; a subdorsal brown line, widest at base and on terminal seg- ments. Primaries yellowish buff, thinly irrorated with red between the lines; costal margin darker, the extreme margin white; three olivaceous grey lines from subcostal to submedian vein, antemedial, medial, and postmedial; inner and outer margins narrowly reddish, preceded by a faint semihyaline spot above and below vein 4; fringe dark reddish brown above vein 2; below it and on inner margin oliva- ceous grey. Secondaries yellowish white; fringe toward anal angle dark reddish. Kxpanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Allied to Z. tri/ineata Hampson; the outer margin of primaries slightly incurved at vein 4. Type.—Cat. No. 8574, U.S.N.M. No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 211 ZATREPHES OSSEA, new species. Palpi whitish; a crimson streak behind. Head and thorax greyish white thinly irrorated with red; a brown spot on vertex; a subdorsal dark line. Abdomen roseate above, whitish underneath. Primaries bone white; a few red irrorations on basal half; outer portion with coalescing brownish striz; costal margin finely brown; fringe and outer margin narrowly dark brown; an antemedial and a postmedial brown line; closer together on inner margin than on costal margin; veins on outer margin brown. Secondaries white; the inner margin broadly roseate; fringe brown. Mr panse.—d5 MM. ‘Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8575, U.S.N.M. Genus HUPSEUDOSOMA Grote. EUPSEUDOSOMA ABERRANS, new species. Palpi white; second segment terminally and upper part black. Head and thorax white; a brown bar on frons; some yellow on vertex. Abdomen white; crimson above, except on first and two terminal seg- ments; a dorsal row of white spots. Wings white; outer half of extreme costa on primaries fuscous; a fuscous streak below cell, between veins 2 and 3, and below submedian. Virpanse.—43 mm. Habitat.—Coatepec, Mexico. This species differs from “1 ¢nvoluta Sepp in the position of the fuscous lines on primaries. Type.—Cat. No. 8576, U.S.N.M. Genus NEAXIA Hampson. NEAXIA GNOSIA, new species. Head and thorax yellow; a crimson line behind palpi; a red line across frons; red spots on thorax; patagia fringed and with a crimson line. Abdomen roseate above, white underneath. Primaries yellow; a large dark grey space from middle of cell to inner margin, where it is widest, edged with crimson and crossed by a crimson streak below cell; a crimson spot near base of costa and at base below median vein; a pale grey spot in cell and a row of four spots beyond cell, followed by a series of postmedial darker grey spots, coalescing between veins 5 and 8; a marginal row of very pale spots. All the spots edged more or less with reddish. Secondaries roseate; the costal margin white; fringe yellow. ; Expanse.-—31 mm. flabitat.—-Omai, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8577, U.S.N.M. 212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. NEAXIA BELLA, new species. Palpi yellowish tipped and spotted with dark brown. Head ocher- ous; a brown line in front of antenne. Collar and thorax yellow, two dark brown spots posteriorly on the latter; large blackish brown spots on patagia edged with red. Abdomen crimson above, anal segment yellow; underneath white. Legs yellow, spotted with blackish grey. Primaries bright yellow; spots blackish grey; antemedial elongated spots, extending below cell to outer margin, interrupted on inner margin by a yellow spot; submedian partly streaked with red; a red streak below cell and vein 2; a round spot at end of cell; a streak above it; four small spots beyond cell; a postmedial row of spots, very large above vein 4, the spot above vein 5 and above vein 7 close to margin, with some crimson streaks on veins above and below them; a marginal row of small spots. Secondaries: costal margin. white; inner margin and a streak through cell to outer margin roseate; other- wise black. Haepanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8578, U.S.N.M. Genus ERIOSTEPTA Hampson. ERIOSTEPTA BACCHANS, new species. Head, thorax, and fore coxe rosy vermilion; palpi fringed with dark grey; yellow streak on patagia. Abdomen roseate above, whit- ish underneath. Primaries rosy vermilion; the costal edge and a streak below on basal half dark grey; a grey spot in cell, another at end of cell, and one between veins 3 and 4 at cell; basal and ante- medial yellow spots; yellow streaks between the veins interrupted by postmedial grey spots edged with red, those below vein 5 parallel with margin; three spots above 5 oblique from costa to outer margin; terminal grey streaks on veins; fringe dark grey. Secondaries rose- ate; the fringe and anal angle broadly yellowish white; a hyaline streak from base below cell. Eirpanse.—30 mim. Hlabitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Cat. No. 8579, U.S.N.M. Type. Genus AMAXIA Walker. AMAXIA CONSISTENS, new species. Palpi buff, streaked behind with black. Head, collar, and shoulders bright yellow; a dark spot edged with crimson posteriorly on head. Thorax dark violaceous brown. Abdomen black and brown above; anal segment yellow, preceded by a crimson line; underneath white. No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. Pils Primaries bright yellow; a dark violaceous brown space occupying entire inner margin and extending to base of costa and to subcostal vein medially, edged with crimson; median vein crimson on dark portion of wine; a crimson streak below cell; outer half of submedian and a small spot on middle of inner margin crimson; a roseate spot at base of inner margin; spots on yellow portion grey, edged with black; a small spot at end of cell; a black streak above it; fine small spots beyond cell; a postmedial row of larger spots, increasing in size toward costa and coalescing with a costal streak at apex: red streaks on veins 6 to 8 separating the spots; small marginal spots. Second- aries blackish; costal margin white; inner and outer margin narrowly roseate; a roseate spot at end of cell; a roseate streak below cell. Expanse.—28 mm. Tlabitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8580, U.S.N.M. Genus EVIUS Walker. EVIUS ALBISCRIPTA, new species. Palpi crimson behind, white and brown in front. Frons white and brown. Vertex silvery white; an inverted V red line posteriorly. Collar light brown with silvery white spots edged with crimson. Thorax fawn brown; a silvery white streak on patagia inwardly edged with crimson. Abdomen dorsally grey; a red tuft subdorsally at base; last segment brown, the two before it crimson; anal hairs and ventrally white. Primaries lilacine brown; a very large semihyaline pale yellowish space beyond cell from vein 3 to subcostal; a black mark on this space at vein 6; a silvery white streak in cell; a similar streak below vein 2, edged above with crimson, below with black; marginal silvery white streaks and spots above vein 3 to apex; some crimson at ends of veins, and yellow spots on fringe. Costa grey, with a crimson streak from base to apex; a red spot at base of inner margin; a yellowish and red spot near base below cell. Secondaries crimson, the inner margin white. Kepanse.—29 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8581, U.S.N.M. Genus PAREVIA Hampson. PAREVIA METHZEMIA, new species. Head yellow, frons pale brown. Collar and thorax brown. Abdo- men crimson above, pale yellow below. Primaries lilacine brown; a large yellow spot medially on costal margin extending to median vein; two smaller yellow spots on costa before apex; a yellow space on outer 914 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. margin from above vein 4 to inner angle, widest toward apex. Sec- ondaries roseate. wupanse.—1T mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8582, U.S.N.M. Genus AUTOMOLIS Hutibner. AUTOMOLIS ALETERIA, new species. Palpi pale greyish brown. Head, collar, and thorax white; a yellow spot on vertex; collar edged posteriorly with yellow; thorax shaded with roseate. Abdomen crimson above; subdorsal white spots; last segment white; ventrally white; wings white. Primaries somewhat opalescent; outer two-thirds of extreme costa brown, darkest on medial third; a short black streak at end of cell and close beyond, above, and below vein 3; a longer streak below vein 2; short streaks medially above and below submedian; a faint small greyish submar- ginal spot between veins 5 and 6. Secondaries white; the inner mar- gin broadly roseate. Expanse.—35 mm. [abitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8583, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS OCHREATA, new species. Antenne of male serrate and fasciculate. Palpi and frons grey. Vertex ochreous. Collar white, spotted with black anteriorly. Tho- rax ochreous; a white patch in front and behind spotted with black. Abdomen ochreous above; anal hairs white. Primaries ochreous; base above submedian white with three oblique black spots: a black spot on inner margin on the medial white area; a broad black outer band, edged with white and cut by white veins; a white streak toward end of cell and another below vein 2. Secondaries reddish orange; the costal margin broadly pale yellow. The patch of androconia on pri- maries underneath extends below cell above vein 2. On the hind wings veins 2 and 3 are shortly stalked; vein 5 nearer to 6 than 3. Eixpanse.—Male, 27 mm. [labitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, Freneh Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8584, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS ASTEROIDES, new species. Head and thorax pale greyish brown; tegule and patagia edged with white. Abdomen red above, white below; the last three seg- ments above, and a subdorsal line, brown; a large whitish subdorsal basal spot. Primaries: the costal margin greyish white; apical and marginal space broadly above vein 3 semihyaline, crossed by dark veins; otherwise lilacine grey with darker mottlings; brown shades in NO, 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 215 cell and on inner margin; two whitish points medially above subme- dian vein. Secondaries lilacine grey; the costal margin broadly whitish on basal half: a dark streak from base, below cell to outer margin, and a similar streak near inner margin. yepanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8585, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS PULVEROSA, new species. Head and thorax grey. Palpi circled and tipped with white. White lines on head and collar. Collar and patagia dorsally fringed with white; patagia with a lateral pale yellow streak. Abdomen ochreous above, white underneath; a white line across next to last segment, white anal hairs. Primaries greyish brown; a greyish white shade along discocellular, and obliquely from middle of vein 2 to vein 4, and alone it to margin; basal half of costa, base of median, basal half of submedian, base of vein 4, veins 5 and 6, spotted and streaked with white; ends of veins below 6, and fringe, white. Secondaries whitish yellow; costal margin white with a large brown patch of androconia; veins 3 and 5 from lower angle of cell; 6 and 7 coincident. Lirpanse.—29 mm. Tlabitat.—Geldersland, Surinam River, Dutch Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8586, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS CARINOSA, new species. Palpi pale grey streaked behind with black. Frons brown. Ver- tex and collar white, the latter irrorated dorsally with red. Thorax ochreous brown, the patagia tipped with red. Abdomen crimson above; subdorsal points, anus, and venter white. Primaries: the base obliquely from costa dark brownish grey cut by white veins; a crimson streak on inner margin; a white triangular medial space on which in and below cell is a large pale yellow spot; a broad dark brown grey fascia across end of cell, widening on margins, outwardly divided by white veins; the outer space pale yellow. Secondaries whitish broadly tinged with roseate above anal angle. The seconda- ries have costa evenly rounded; veins 6 and 8 stalked; 6 and 7 coinci- dent. Hixpanse.—35 mm. Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 8587, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS IRRUPTA, new species. Palpi greyish brown in front, crimson behind. Head, collar, and thorax ochreous buff, spotted with red; patagia fringed and streaked with red; two white spots edged with brown posteriorly on thorax. Abdomen crimson above; the anal segments yellow; underneath 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, white. Primaries yellow; the costal margin dark lilacine; the veins edged with crimson, not reaching outer margin but meeting in curves; some greyish brown at base below median and submedian veins; the medial and outer space below cell and vein 2 divided by red lines into elongated yellow spots; discocellular crimson, surrounded by a grey space, inwardly limited by a dark line from subcostal vein to inner margin near the angle; an outer row of oval pale grey spots shaded toward base and outer margin with darker grey; a terminal red line and grey spots at ends of veins. Secondaries crimson; the costal margin whitish. Belongs to Section III A. b. a. of Hampson’s Cata- logue Lepidoptera Phalzene. Expanse.—37 mm. Tabitat.—Rockstone, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8588, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS FORMONA, new species. Head and thorax yellowish brown; two black points posteriorly on the latter. Abdomen crimson above, dirty white underneath; anal hairs whitish. Primaries brownish yellow; the veins paler, reddish brown; dark specks and striz on costal margin; a blackish line from base of median vein to inner angle, where it is thicker, and expands towards vein 2; a crimson spot at base of inner margin; spots greyish partly edged with black; antemedial spots in and below cell; an irregu- lar spot at end of cell; three spots beyond end of cell; postmedial spots outwardly dentate, larger and darker, divided only by the veins, and the spots between 5 and 6 extend to the submarginal spot; these are smaller, slightly lunular; terminal spots between the veins, alter- nately large and small. Secondaries crimson; the costal margin broadly whitish. Expanse.—389 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Belongs to Section IIT A. a. b. Type.—Cat. No. 8589, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS SULFUREA, new species. Palpi, frons, legs, and pectus black; frons and cox shot with dark blue. Head and thorax pale sulphur yellow. Abdomen orange; a black and blue dorsal patch on last four segments. Primaries pale sulphur yellow; a brown spot at apex. Secondaries orange yellow; a black marginal spot from vein 2 to analangle. Underneath the same. Euepanse.—40 mm. Tlabitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Belongs to the same section as A. superba Druce, and is closely allied to it. Type.—Cat. No. 8590, U.S.N.M. NO. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. DEK AUTOMOLIS CHRYSOPERA, new species. Palpi yellow, whitish and grey in front. Head and thorax yellow streaked with crimson. Abdomen crimson above, white below; some dark subdorsal shades towards anus. Primaries dark grey, the veins partly streaked with crimson; apical third of costa, apex, and outer margin to vein 2 bright yellow separated from the dark portion by an irregular crimson line; terminal red spots on veins; a submarginal red spot from veins 6 to 8; antemedial yellow streaks edged with crimson on costa, in cell, on submedian, and below cell: a medical crimson spot above submedian and on inner margin. Secondaries black; the base roseate. Underneath the basal third of wings is roseate otherwise black, except the yellow space on primaries, which is as above, Expanse.—24 mm. Hlabitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8591, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS NEIRA, new species. Head and thorax black; front dark blue; an orange streak on tegule and patagia. Pectus and legs dark brown: cox blue. Abdo- men black; terminal blue dorsal spots; two rows of lateral blue spots. Primaries black; an orange streak from submedian near base to vein 5 and below it, but not reaching the outer margin; an oblique orange streak from subcostal at vein 7 to outer margin below vein 6. See- ondaries black; an orange subcostal streak; in the male a thinly scaled space below the cell. Underneath the subcostal yellow streak on see- ondaries much more conspicuous. Kxpanse.—Male, 36 mm.; female, 42 mm. Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Allied to A. packard’ Butler. Type.—Cat. No. 8592, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS ZONANA, new species. Head black; some blue on frons. Collar and thorax black; a broad yellow band posteriorly on collar and on shoulders. Abdomen black; two basal segments dorsally and laterally orange; four terminal see- ments bluish black; underneath orange ventral spots. Primaries velvety black, markings sulphur yellow, an antemedial fascia, wider on inner margin than on costa; an irregularly curved fascia from costa beyond cell to outer margin below viens 5 and 6; a broad space on outer half of vein 2. Secondaries: basal half yellow tinged with orange; outer half black. Expanse.—38 min. Tabitat.— St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Belongs to Section LiI, B. b. a’. Type.—Cat. No. 8593, U.S.N.M. 218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. AUTOMOLIS MOMA, new species. Head and thorax black. Collar sulphur yellow. Abdomen black above, broadly dark orange before anal segment, also underneath to base. Primaries black; a very broad sulphur yellow space beyond base; an outer sulphur yellow broad fascia from costa to outer margin from vein + to below vein 38. Secondaries brownish yellow, outer margin broadly black. Eirpanse.—Female, 40 mm. Habitat.—Omai, British Guiana. Antenne serrate and fasciculate; secondaries without marginal fold; veins 6, 7, 8 stalked, 7 and 8 very shortly. Type.—Cat. No. 8594, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS APICATA, new species. Palpi and frons brown; vertex orange with a brown spot. Collar and thorax yellowish white, a broad brown dorsal streak. Abdomen brown black above; terminally, laterally, and ventrally orange. Pectus and legs brown; fore coxe orange. Wings yellowish white; apex broadly brown, narrowing to a point just below 3; a brown streak along inner margin; a short brown streak above submedian. Secondaries: inner margin yellower with some black hairs. Kirpanse.—Male, 31 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. : Belongs to the same group as A. moma Schaus. Type.—Cat. No. 8595, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS CROCOPERA, new species. Body black. Head and last two segments of abdomen orange; some dark blue shades on abdomen dorsally. Primaries very dark green, the veins black. Secondaries: the dise semihyaline white; the margins bluish black. Expanse.—46 mm. Habitat.—Omai, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8596, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS ALBIPLAGA, new species. Pectus, legs, thorax and palpi dark grey. Head and base of fore coxe orange. Abdomen dull blue black. Primaries dark greyish brown, the veins paler; a large round white spot beyond cell. Sec- ondaries black; a diffuse whitish spot below cell. Kxpanse.—31 mm. Habitat.—st. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Secondaries with vein 8 from cell, 6 and 7 stalked. Type.—Cat. No. 8597, U.S.N.M. —— ee No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 219 AUTOMOLIS POLYSTRIA., new species. Body ochreous. Primaries ochreous, shaded with pale lilacine brown on costal margin, between veins 2 and 8, and at base of inner margin; discocellular shaded with black on either side; short black streaks at end of cell; longer streaks above cell; a black streak above vein 2 from cell to outer margin; short intervenal outer streaks from costa to vein 3; short terminal black streaks above and below vein 5; also above and below submedian; a medial streak on inner margin. Secondaries yellowish. wepanse.—32 mm. Tlabitat.—sSt. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8598, U.S.N.M. AUTOMOLIS BONORA, new species. Orange yellow; four terminal segments of abdomen black, spotted with blue. Abdomen ventrally white, with transverse black lines; legs whitish, streaked with brown; fore cox whitish, edged with black; pectus with blue spots close to legs. Palpi black, fringed with white; lower portion of frons blue. Primaries: the apex narrowly edged with dark brown to vein 5. Secondaries: some black scales at end of vein 2 and at anal anele. Kixpanse. —31 mim. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Allied to 4. orbona Schaus. Type.—Cat. No. 8599, U.5.N.M. AUTOMOLIS ILIOIDES, new species. Palpi brown, spotted with buff at base. Head pale buff. Collar and thorax pale buff, irrorated with roseate, the tegule and patagia edged with dark brown. Abdomen roseate above, buff underneath. Primaries buff, thinly irrorated with roseate; the veins streaked with roseate on buff portion; inner and outer margins from below vein 6 dark brown; a roseate streak at base of inner margin, followed by a small buff spot; three antemedial brown spots on costa with white points; a brown mark below the outer two from subcostal to brown inner margin, containing a white streak in cell; a brown spot at end of cell, bifurcating on costal margin; two large brown annuli, one medial, the other at end and lower portion of cell to vein 2; an oval brown annular spot from vein + to near vein 7, and a small brown annulus on costa above, followed by an oblique brown line to vein 5; a brown streak at apex. Secondaries white, tinged with roseate on inner margin. Kixpanse.—39 mm. Habitat. —Omai, British Guiana. Allied to A. #/us Cramer. Type.—Cat. No. 8600, U.S.N.M. 220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. Genus HYPIDALIA Hampson. HYPIDALIA SANGUIRENA, new species. Head and thorax ochreous, two black spots on collar; patagia edged with red. Abdomen reddish; a dorsal row of black spots. Primaries ochreous; the veins vinous red; also a triangular line in cell resting on discocellular; an antemedial line, incurved towards base of inner margin; a geminate postmedial line, divided by a grey- ish line, incurved to antemedial line on inner margin; a subterminal wavy line; a streak below cell and vein 2; all the lines vinous red. Secondaries reddish. Expanse.—4+7 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8601, U.S.N.M. Genus MELESE Walker. MELESE CASTRENA, new species. Head and thorax light brown. Abdomen roseate above, pale brown underneath. Primaries light brown; a black point in cell; a black and red spot below median near base; a buff space on inner margin from nearer base to middle, containing crimson annuli; some red scales near cell between veins 2 and 3; a blackish spot on end of cell; a semihyaline spot below vein 6 and one above it, both edged with black; a roseate buff spot above on costal margin; the outer mar- gin greyer. Secondaries pale roseate. Expanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Very much like J/. asana Druce, but the male antenne are minutely serrate, with cilia. Type.—Cat. No. 8602, U.S.N.M. MELESE CHIRIQUENSIS, new species. Palpi crimson, fringed with dark brown. Head and thorax brown. Abdomen crimsom above, white underneath. Primaries brown, irro- rated with dark brown scales; a white antemedial point on submedian; a small roseate spot below median nearer base; an irregular hyaline spot beyond cell from vein 5 to subcostal, broadest on vein 5; white and roseate spots on apical third of costa; fringe spotted with white. Secondaries: the. base and inner margin roseate; otherwise blackish grey; a roseate postmedial spot on costa. Hixpanse.—Male, 26 mm. Habitat.—Chiriqui, Panama. Allied to JZ. babosa Dognin, which has the hyaline spot extending below vein 5, and no roseate on secondaries, and is also of a greyer color. Of JZ. babosa I have 2 males and a female. Type.—Cat. No. 8603, U.S.N.M. Nee No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. Jt Genus GLAUCOSTOLA Hampson. GLAUCOSTOLA FLAVIDA, new species. Head, legs, thorax, and primaries grey-brown; some yellow behind head; a dark yellow streak at base of inner margin; a darker oblique shade at end of cell. Abdomen and secondaries dark yellow. Under- neath the primaries are tinged with yellow. i panse.—37 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8604, U.S.N.M. GLAUCOSTOLA METAXANTHA, new species. Palpi and legs dark brown grey. Head orange; a black spot on ver- tex. Collar orange; subdorsal and lateral blackish spots. Thorax blackish; the patagia inwardly edged with yellow. Abdomen orange; a black band across last segment. Primaries dark brown; pale streaks on costa, in cell, above inner margin, and above and below vein 2; an oblique white band beyond cell from subcostal to vein 3 near outer margin; an acute elongated white spot at base below cell. Second- aries: base and inner area yellow; outer portion from middle of costa and from beyond anal angle black. HKixpanse.—3+ mm. Habitat.—Tuis, Costa Rica. Type.—Cat. No. 8605, U.S.N.M. GLAUCOSTOLA BINOTATA, new species. Palpi, head, and collar dark grey; some yellow behind head, and posteriorly on tegule. Abdomen yellow above; a subdorsal and a lateral black band; the last segment black, leaving anal hairs yellow. Primaries grey; a large whitish spot beyond cell from veins 4 to 6; a diffuse whitish spot below cell near base; the veins on outer half streaked with black. Secondaries yellow at base; the outer half black; underneath the primaries are darker than above. wepanse.—26 mm. flabitat.—Rockstone, Essequebo River, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8606, U.S.N.M. Genus HYPERTHAMA Hampson. HYPERTH#MA RUBERRIMA, new species. Body crimson. Abdomen with two lateral rows of black spots. Legs crimson; tibie and tarsi black, the latter with broad white annuli; a black spot on tegule. Primaries crimson; a black point at base of subcostal vein; a large round white antemedial spot below cell, and another beyond cell between veins + and 6, both circled with 929 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, black; fringe black. Secondaries white, the margins, except base of inner margin black. In the female, only the hase of wing is white. Expanse.-—Male, 38 mm.; female, 87 mm. Tlabitat.—Maroni River, French Guiana. The male antenne are serrate and ciliate; vein 10 is from angle of cell. Type. Cat. No. 8607, U.S.N.M. HYPERTHAMA COCCINATA, new species. Body crimson. Palpi tipped with black; a black point on tegulee; two lateral rows of black spots on abdomen. Legs crimson; tibiee and tarsi brown. Primaries crimson; a black point at base; a round white antemedial spot below cell, and one beyond cell from veins 5 to 6 both circled with black; fringe brown. Secondaries: the base and a spot beyond cell white; otherwise black, thinly scaled; some red scales at base of inner margin. ir panse.—Male, 31 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Antenne pectinated; vein 10 is slightly stalked with 8. Cat. No. 8608, U.S.N.M. Type. Genus PACHYDOTA Hampson. PACHYDOTA DUCASA, new species. Head and thorax dark brown; the vertex white. Abdomen yellow on first and last three segments; other segments black with lateral yellow spots; underneath dark brown. Legs brown; femora yellow. Primaries violaceous brown, with dark transverse fascize; the ante- medial, medial, and postmedial fasciv straight to inner margin, the last followed by an incurved fascia from costa to outer margin below vein 3, where it is joined by the subterminal; a shorter shade at apex. Secondaries white, the veins and margias suffused with violaceous brown. Kapanse.—57 mm. Habitat.-_Aroa, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 8609,-U.S.N.M. Genus DIALEUCIAS Hampson. DIALEUCIAS VIOLASCENS, new species. Head, thorax, and primaries violaceous brown. Abdomen and secondaries black-grey. Abdomen underneath yellowish buff. Pri- maries, a medial and a postmedial darker shade. Hxpanse.—Female, 31 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8610, U.S.N.M. . No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 22% Genus BARITIUS Walker. BARITIUS HAZZ.MORRHOIDES, new species. Body black; three terminal segments of abdomen and anal hairs searlet. Legs and coxe black. Primaries leaden black; the veins black; a black basal space above submedian; a broad oblique black shade above end of cell from costa to above vein 3: a narrow shade from end of cell to inner margin. Secondaries white, the veins and outer margin black. Expanse.—45 mm. Habitat. Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8611, U.S.N.M. Genus ELYSIUS Walker. ELYSIUS PHANTASMA, new species. Palpi, frons, and legs dark greyish brown. Vertex, collar, and thorax lilacine fawn; large blackish spots on collar. Abdomen ochre- ous. Primaries lilacine fawn, palest at base and on costa; a pale shade at end of cell. Secondaries similar, somewhat thinly scaled, white at base; inner margin ochreous yellow. Expanse.—34 mm. Habitat. —Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8612, U.S.N.M. Genus HALISIDOTA Hubner. HALISIDOTA RACEMA, new species. Palpi light brown, fringed with buff. Head and thorax light brown, streaked with buff. Abdomen ochreous above, luteous underneath. Primaries yellowish buff, with fine brown lunular marks between the veins, those on the outer half of wing more distinct; a large lilacine- brown space at end of cell, and a similar shade from it to apex; another narrower shade from submedian, near base, to outer margin between veins 2 and 3. Secondaries whitish; a marginal brown spot at apex; a submarginal brown spot between 5 and 6; a dark shade on and below vein 2; inner margin tinged with ochreous. Expanse.—45 mm. Habitat.—st. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8618, U.S.N.M. HALISIDOTA MARONIENSIS, new species. Antenne long and deeply pectinated. Pale yellowish buff, the mark- ings light brown. Primaries: ten spots on costa, the commencement of fine wavy lines, which are broken by the veins; a dark point at end of cell, and one on subterminal between veins 5 and 6; terminal dark 224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. points between the veins. Distinguished from //. teawta Herrich- Schaeffer by the longer pectinations of antennee. . Expanse.—30 mm. Tlabitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8614, U.S.N.M. HALISIDOTA APICEPUNCTATA, new species. Primaries: Pale yellowish, darkest on costal margin and middle of inner margin; a few clusters of gray scales scattered over the wing; a dark yellow spot at origin of veins 3 to 5, circled with black; three oblique black spots from above vein 5 to apex. Secondaries: a broad subterminal brownish shade from vein 3 to anal angle. Kixpanse. —37 mm. Habitat.—Carabaya, Peru. Type.—Cat. No. 8615, U.S.N.M. Genus NERITOS Walker. NERITOS CARMEN, new species. Palpi crimson streaked with brown and yellow. Head and collar yellow edged with crimson. Thorax dark grey; a subdorsal crimson spot. Abdomen roseate above, buff underneath. Primaries dark vio- laceous gray; an antemedial yellow transverse band edged with erim- son; a triangular yellow space on costa beyond to vein 3 also edged with crimson; an irregular yellow space on outer margin inwardly edged with crimson; the crimson borders meeting on costal margin. Secondaries pale roseate, thickly irrorated with black on outer half; the fringe from vein 2 to anal angle black. Lepanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8616, U.S.N.M. NERITOS COCCINEA, new species. Palpi buff; a crimson line behind. Head yellow; a red line in front and behind. Collar pale yellow, red in front. Thorax red, narrowly yellow at collar. Abdomen red above, buff underneath. Primaries red; a wavy yellow antemedial band from below costa to inner mar- gin; a broad yellow fascia from middle of costa to vein 3, constricted at its middle, edged with black, which extends along costa to base; a narrow yellow space on outer margin from apex to vein 6, and a wider space below vein 5 narrowing to vein 2; a black line borders the red space along outer margin. Secondaries black; inner margin and base narrowly yellow. Underneath, dark brown replaces the red, except under lobed costa of secondaries. Kirpanse.—24 mm. Tlabitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8617, U.S.N.M. ho bo Or No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. NERITOS GAUDIALIS, new species. Palpi crimson fringed with brown. Head ochreous; a red line behind. Collar and thorax brown. Abdomen reddish ochreous above, buff underneath; tibiz and tarsi red. Primaries greyish brown; a yellow spot occupying second third of costa to vein 2, its margin wavy, edged with crimson which extends as a subcostal line to base, and along costa around apex and outer margin, incurved at vein 4+ to inner angle, edging a terminal yellow space. Secondaries reddish ochreous. Underneath primaries pale yellow, costal margin crimson, a broad submarginal crimson band, reaching margin at inner angle and above vein 4; a black spot at angle; a large apical black spot. Secondaries with the costal margin broadly crimson. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8618, U.S.N.M. NERITOS TREMULA, new species. Palpi roseate fringed with pale brown. Head and thorax light brown; crimson streaks on head, collar posteriorly, and on patagia. Abdomen roseate above, yellowish white underneath; a white subdorsal basal spot. Primaries roseate brown, mottled with brown striz and interrupted lines; a medial space on costa to cell posteriorly, finely edged with crimson, this space pale yellow on costal margin, semihy- aline white in cell; a small pale yellow spot at apex; an irregular white space on outer margin from below vein 5 to near inner angle, containing a brown spot between veins 3 and 4. Secondaries roseate. Male without fovea; veins 10 and 11 stalked. Hxpanse.—32 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8619, U.S.N.M. NERITOS MACULOSA, new species. Head and thorax dark grey; back of head yellow. Abdomen yellow. Primaries whitish grey with dark grey streaks; short streaks at base; a streak at end of, and below fovea; astreak on middle of inner margin; long streaks on costa beyond the basal fourth; two at end of cell; broad long streaks between the veins; leaving the outer margin broadly pale, with dark streaks on the veins. Secondaries yellowish, darker on inner margin; the disk irrorated with black. The secondaries are short and broad. Expanse.—30 mm. flabitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8620, U.S.N.M. Proe. N. M. vol. xxix—05 15 226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, NERITOS CHRYSOZONA, new species. Palpi blackish, yellow in front. Head yellow; a black spot on frons and on vertex. Collar yellow, spotted with black. Thorax and abdomen black above; abdomen ventrally grey. Primaries brown black; the veins paler; a broad yellow band from middle of costal margin to inner margin before angle. Secondaries black, a broad yellow streak from base to near outer margin on vein 2. Kixpanse.—25 mm. Habitat.—Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8621, U.S.N.M. NERITOS PROPHAA, new species. Palpi and head mottled light and dark brown; some crimson on head behind. Thorax dark violaceous brown. Abdomen above red; the last three segments brown. Primaries brown, darkest at base. Secondaries brown, irrorated thinly with blue black; inner margin broadly orange red. Expanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type. Cat? No, 86222 U.S. Neve a“ NERITOS SANGUIDORSIA, new species. Head and thorax crimson. Abdomen blue-black above. Wings black; a crimson spot at base of primaries. Underneath lilacine brown. Eixpanse.—19 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8623, U.S.N.M. Genus AEMILIA Kirby. AEMILIA MELANCHRA, new species. Body dark brown; a whitish spot on vertex, and a similar subdorsal spot on abdomen at base. Primaries dark brown, irrorated with still darker striae; a large space at end of cell, the outer margin broadly from vein 7, and inner margin narrowly violaceous black. Secondaries dirty white, the margins shaded with brown. Underneath: primaries brown: some white at base; a black shade at end of cell. Secondaries whiter than above; the costal margin broadiy brown, the outer margin narrowly so. Kirpanse.—88 mm. Habitat.—Carabaya, Peru. Type.—Cat. No. 8624, U.S.N.M. : No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 226 Genus HYPOMOLIS Hampson. HYPOMOLIS MINCA, new species. Veins 7 and8 of fore wings coincident; otherwise falls in /7ypomolis. Black, the body and hind wings with a dark blue reflection. Fore wings grey black. Expanse.—30 mm. Hahbitat.—Oaxaca, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 8625, U.S.N.M. Genus TESSELLOTA Hampson. TESSELLOTA APOSTATA, new species. Veins 8 and 9 of fore wings coincident; proboscis aborted but visi- ble, once coiled—in these characters differing generically from Z?ssel- lota, anew genus may be proposed later. Black; two spots on back of head, collar, last abdominal segment and slight lateral spots on the two preceding segments orange yellow. Legs andthe lengthily bipec- tinated antenne black. Fore wings semidiaphanous black, thinly scaled, brownish tinted; hind wings black, nearly opaque. Expanse.—29 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 8626, U.S.N.M. Genus PARANERITA Hampson. PARANERITA CARMINATA, new species. Body crimson above; yellowish white underneath; a subdorsal yel- low spot at base of abdomen. Primaries crimson; a yellow streak at base of inner margin; an oblique, narrow yellow band from middle of costa to outer margin at vein 2; above this the fringe is yellow. Sec- ondaries roseate. Expanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8627, U.S.N.M PARANERITA COMPLICATA, new species. Palpi red, dark grey in front. Frons buff and brown. Vertex red with a yellow spot. Collar red with two yellow spots. Thorax lilacine grey; a red streak on patagia. Abdomen crimson above, yel- lowish underneath; anal hairs yellow. Primaries dark grey; three yellow spots at base broadly edged with crimson; a similar small spot medially on inner margin; a large semihyaline spot medially from costal margin, extending to vein 3, irregular, edged with crimson, and containing a crimson point at origin of vein 6; a postmedial row of nal yellow blotches, edged with crimson, one at veins 6 to 7, the other from vein 5 to near angle, containing crimson spots at ends of veins 3, 4, and 6. Secondaries roseate, the fringe yellow. Expanse.—26 mam. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8628, U.S.N.M. Genus HYPONERITA Hampson. HYPONERITA INTERNA, new species. Head and thorax dark grey; palpi white at base; a small red streak at tips of patagia. Abdomen roseate above, white underneath. Pri- maries dark lilacine grey; a broad pale yellow fascia from costa to outer margin to vein 2 and above vein +, where it continues narrowly to apex; a reddish line edges the grey portion and the apical spot; below cell to base and middle of inner margin a large darker yellow spot, irrorated with red. Secondaries semihyaline pale yellow, the margins irregularly roseate. Expanse.—Female, 32 mm. : Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8629, U.S.N.M. HYPOCNERITA LUCENS, new species. Palpi red, spotted with brown. Head and thorax lilacine brown. Abdomen ochreous above, white underneath; a subdorsal white basal spot. Primaries lilacine brown; a broad space from costa to outer margin at veins 2 to 4, pale yellow on costal margin, opalescent semi- hyaline below subcostal; some black scales at end of fovea and from outer end of fovea to inner margin. Secondaries yellowish white, semihyaline; some lilacine brown on costal margin; some blackish hairs on inner margin. Erpanse.—-28 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8630, U.S.N.M. HYPONERITA FURVA, new species. Body brown above, yellowish underneath; some crimson behind palpi at base. Primaries dark brown; a pale yellow, narrow space on outer margin from just above vein 4, to near angle, widest anteriorly. Secondaries dark brown; the costal margin broadly yellow, the inner margin narrowly so, Kxpanse.—25 mm. Habitat.—Geldersland, Surinam River, Dutch Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8631, U.S.N.M. No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 229 HYPONERITA CARINARIA, new species. Body violaceous red above, yellow underneath; a yellow spot on vertex; a yellow transverse line at base of abdomen. Primaries vio- laceous red; an antemedial yellow spot on costa reaching median, finely edged with crimson; a similar smaller postmedial spot not extending below the subcostal; the outer margin below vein 7 yellow- edged by a crimson line forming three outward curves close to margin from vein 7 to vein 4, where it forms an inward angle just below 5 and is wavily perpendicular to inner angle. Secondaries yellow. In the female the secondaries are roseate; the inner margin broadly tinged with yellow. Expanse.—Male, 27 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8632, U.S.N.M. HYPONERITA DECLIVIS, new species. Palpi yellowish; a fine crimson streak behind, Frons, collar, and thorax lilacine brown. Vertex yellow with some crimson scales anteriorly and posteriorly. Abdomen lilacine brown above, yellow underneath; some crimson subdorsally at base. Primaries lilacine brown, an elongated yellow spot on costa from near base to middle, extending to median; a smaller postmedial spot, and a still smaller spot near apex; the outer margin below vein 7 yellow, widening just below vein 5; all the yellow markings finely edged with red. Second- aries yellow. In the female the secondaries are yellow on costal mar- gin and at base, otherwise blackish brown; there is also a small crim- son spot medially on submedian vein. Expanse.—24 mm. HTabitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8633, U.S.N.M. HYPONERITA INCERTA, new species. Palpi roseate fringed with grey. Body violaceous brown above, yellow underneath; some crimson at base of abdomen, also laterally and on last segment. Primaries violaceous brown; markings yellow, finely edged with crimson; a large costal spot from near base to mid- dle not reaching the median vein; the postmedial spot smaller and the spot before apex very small; the outer half of costa salmon color; the outer margin below vein 7 yellow, widest just above vein 4; anteme- dial and postmedial upright crimson lines above the inner margin. Secondaries roseate. What I consider the female of this species has the secondaries black; no red above inner margin of primaries. and only a red subdorsal spot at base of abdomen. bo eres PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Kxpanse.—Male, 26 mm. | Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8634, U.S.N.M. Family NOTODONTID &. Genus CALLEDEMA Butler. CALLEDEMA ARGENTA, new species. Palpi brown, whitish in front. Head brown with whitish tufts at base of antennze. Collar olivaceous brown; thorax with whitish and violaceous hairs. Abdomen brown above, fawn colour below; legs streaked with violaceous brown. .Primaries violaceous brown, the veins on median space paler; an indistinct, wavy, pale, basal line; an antemedial olivaceous line across cell, not reaching inner margin, broadly bordered with silvery white which is finely toothed towards base, and outwardly prolonged along vein 6 to submarginal line; a broad silvery yellow streak from end of cell to submarginal line, enclosing there a small brown spot; a geminate wavy darker outer line, not visible on silvery streak; a submarginal white line, inwardly curved below costa, outwardly curved from vein 5 to inner angle, and edged outwardly above vein 4 by yellow, which broadens near costa to apex, and is interrupted by a dark line; oblique yellowish lines from this space to outer margin at veins 2, 3, and 4; veins on outer margin whitish. Secondaries violaceous brown. Underneath paler violaceous brown, the outer margin of primaries broadly whitish mot- tled with brown, and with marginal black lunules; two black points at apex; secondaries whitish at apex, fringe whitish. wepanse.—43 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8635, U.S.N.M. CALLEDEMA AREMA, new species. Head and thorax reddish brown; patagia violaceous-grey. Abdo- men brown with fawn color hairs at base. Primaries violaceous brown; the costa tinged with reddish; the inner margin lilacine brown; veins 2, 3 and 4 speckled with grey and black; a silvery yellow ante- medial spot below cell, crossed by a dark line, and followed by some raised dark brown scales; a white transverse line in cell; a dark brown spot at end of cell, followed by a silvery white line between veins 4 and 5 and containing a brown spot, where it joins the submarginal yel- lowish band, which is curved from costa and apex to vein 4, inwardly edged by a white line which continues to inner angle; a pale brown line on the submarginal band, partly followed by a dark brown line from just above vein 6 to vein 4; fine oblique marginal lines below No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 231 vein 4 and vein 3. Secondaries violaceous brown, some white at base. Hixpanse.—29 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8636, U.S.N.M. CALLEDEMA SURA, new species. Palpi brown, white in front. Head brown; tegule fawn color; thorax grey brown. Abdomen light brown above, whitish below. Primaries brown; the costa tinged with reddish fawn; the inner mar- gin tinged with llacine fawn; the cell and a shade beyond, dark brown; a broad whitish space near base, not reaching either margin, crossed by a greenish yellow line; a whitish transverse streak in cell; a silvery white line along vein 5 from just beyond cell to a large sub- marginal white band which extends from costa at apex to vein 4, this space being crossed by a grey and yellowish line; a whitish submargi- nal line below vein 4 to inner angled, followed by two oblique white lines below veins 4 and 3. Secondaries whitish, thickly irrorated with violaceous brown scales. Hapanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 8637, U.S.N.M. Genus PRONERICE Schaus. PRONERICE (?) CYMANTIS, new species. Head and collar reddish brown. Thorax lilacine brown. Abdomen black above, luteous underneath. Primaries brown, shaded with black, irrorated with grey scales, except on outer margin; a black point in cell; discocellular velvety black; a postmedial row of black points on veins, preceded and followed by light brown shades on veins; terminal black spots between the veins; fringe black, spotted with brown at ends of veins. Secondaries dark brown, almost black on outer margin. Hepanse.—88 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. This species agrees with Pvonerice, but has pectinated instead of fasciculate antenne. Type.—Cat. No. 8638, U.S.N.M. Genus DYASIA, new genus. Antenne of male fasciculate. Palpi short, hairy, third joint minute, concealed. Wings short and broad. Primaries: vein 5 from upper angle of cell; 6 from middle of areole; 7 and 8 from end of areole; 10 from before end; 3 and 4 close together from lower angle of cell. Secondaries: 3 and 4 from a point; 6 and 7 stalked; vein 8 anostomos- ing with 7 beyond base, and diverging at middle of cell. 232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. DYASIA VIVIANA, new species. Body light brown. Primaries; basal third whitish, limited by a black line slightly curved; some light brown irrorations on this space, and a subbasal row of black points; median space brown and buff; a creamy space at end of cell containing a kidney shaped brown line; a deeply angular steel grey line, containing buff and brown V-shaped spots, and followed by a brown dentate interrupted line and creamy spots on veins; outer margin lilacine; a submarginal row of velvety brown spots, largest subapically; a marginal brown line, slightly wavy. Secondaries white; a terminal brown line; some dark hairs along inner margin. Expanse.—27 mm. HTabitat.—Maroni River, French Guiana. In some specimens the entire wing beyond basal third is dark lilacine erey. Type.—Cat. No. 8639, U.S.N.M. Genus NYSTALEA Guenée. NYSTALEA PORGANA, new species. Body brown above slightly tinged with reddish; underneath pale buff. Primaries brown, the veins speckled with dark brown and grey, and some similar irrorations in cell; veins 4, 5, and 6 shaded aboveand below with very dark brown; indistinct geminate basal, median, and outer lines; submarginal fine oblique lines below veins 2, 3, and 4; a double row of marginal velvety brown points above and below veins; a large olivaceous brown spot on costa close to apex, partly edged with white and buff, and containing a black streak. Secondaries light brown at base; outer margin broadly dark brown; fringe buff at base, terminally white. Expanse.—63 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, French Guiana; also British Guiana. This species comes nearest to JV. ebalea Cramer. Type.—Cat. No. 8640, U.S.N.M. NYSTALEA SEQUORA, new species. Body grey above; the palpi, head, and tegule shaded with brown; abdomen with pale buff lateral tufts. Primaries grey; a black spot at base of median, followed by a fine geminate black line, hardly visi- ble on inner margin; some very fine and indistinct medial lines; a black streak on costa, and one crossing base of vein 2, preceded and followed by finer black lines; a transverse darker grey spot at end of cell, partly edged with velvety black; three postmedial transverse lines preceded by some dark lunules and spots below vein 4, and fol- lowed by a black line between veins 4 and 8, and dark brown spots No, 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. Jao below veins 3 and 2; an irregular outer row of dark steel grey spots between veins 3 and 8; an irregular submarginal, fine, velvety black line, followed by dark steel grey marginal spots; fringe dark with buff spots at tips of veins. Secondaries brownish white at base, becoming dark brown on outer margin; fringe whitish. Expanse.—5+ mm. Habitat.—Rockstone, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8641, U.S.N.M. NYSTALEA MARONA, new species. Body dark brownish grey; a blackish subdorsal spot at base of abdo- men. Primaries light brown irrorated with darker brown, black, and grey, so that all the markings are very indistinet; blackish streaks at base below costa and on inner margin; faint brownish geminate trans- verse, basal, medial, and postmedial lines; a fine velvety geminate line at end of cell, united above; the postmedial line black between the veins; a thick outer lunular black line, widest at vein 5; a fine submarginal black velvety line, partly shaded with grey outwardly and followed by marginal blackish shades, chiefly above vein 4; fringe blackish spotted with light brown. Secondaries pale at base, the outer margin broadly dark brown; the fringe whitish. Expanse.—51 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8642, U.S.N.M. Genus HEORTA Walker. HEORTA CAREMA, new species. Palpi brown. Frons buff. Vertex and collar reddish brown mottled with lilacine. Abdomen dark brown, grey above, luteous underneath. Primaries: costal margin olive brown spotted with dark brown, cell and a little below it buff; three dark points in cell; basal half of inner margia green; a basal white streak below cell; a geminate velvety brown line crossing cell before and to just below vein 2, where it is joined by a similar postmedial line from vein 7; the triangular space formed by these lines mottled brown, lilacine, green, and white, with two dark brown spots on vein 6; an irregular black subterminal shade, outwardly mottled with white; some marginal white shadings below vein 5. Secondaries dark brown. Expanse.—27 mm. flabitat. Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8648, U.S.N.M. Genus BARDAXIMA Walker. The type of this genus is /ucil/nea Walker. Longara Stoll refers to some other species which I have not yet identified. 234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Genus ELYMIOTIS Walker. I now have both sexes of “. purpurascens Butler, which must be y: ; separated from /. attenuata Walker. if Genus CTIANOPHA. Sehaus. CTIANOPHA ARGENTILINEA, new species. Palpi mottled grey and pale green. Head and thorax dark fawn color, some white and red scales on vertex. Abdomen light reddish brown above. Body below pale fawn color. Primaries dark fawn color, irrorated with brown; the costal margin, outer half of cell, and an antemedial spot above submedian tinged with green; traces of fine basal, antemedial, postmedial, and outer dark lines; a streak on median from before vein 2 to discocellular, also discocellular silver white; a submarginal row of black spots from vein 3 to apex; marginal trans- verse brown lines between the veins. Secondaries pale at base, dark reddish brown on outer margin; a black spot divided by a white line above anal angle; some dark fawn-color scales at angle. Expanse.—82 mm. Hlabitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8644, U.S.N.M. CTIANOPHA SERENA, new species. Palpi grey. Head and collar white, the vertex and tegule irrorated with reddish brown. Thorax mottled grey and brown. Abdomen light reddish brown above, the terminal segments fawn color, Pri- maries lilacine grey; the costal margin, a large spot at end of cell, and an antemedial spot above inner margin greenish; the discocellular finely brown, narrowly edged with white outwardly, with yellow inwardly; lines very indistinct, consisting of dark irrorations; small submarginal black spots from vein 3 to apex, preceded above veins 3 and 4 by areddish brown spot. Secondaries similar to C. argentilinea Schaus. Hixpanse.—82 mm. Habitat.—Rockstone, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8645, U.S.N.M. Genus PROELYMIOTIS Schaus. PROELYMIOTIS JOANNA, new species. Palpi grey. Head, collar, and thorax dorsally reddish brown, later- ally grey. Abdomen dark grey, a reddish subdorsal spot at base, and laterally white hairs. Primaries grey, shaded with pale buff in and beyond cell; the inner and outer margins broadly pale brown; a dark medial spot on costa, preceded by a dark point; faint traces of geminate \ No. 1420, NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. Day basal and medial nee: the mocnmecial itn ane, geminate, di ark brow n, filled in with light brown; a large grey spot at apex; a large grey marginal space between veins 2 and 4; a minute grey spot at inner angle; a submarginal black line on the brown portions. Secondaries pale at base, shading to dark violaceous brown on outer margin; fringe yellowish. hxpanse.—47 mm. TTahitat. Type. ‘ent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Cat. Ne 8646, U.S.N.M. Genus PSEUDANTIORA Kirby. PSEUDANTIORA RUFESCENS, new species. Head and collar reddish brown. Thorax light grey. Abdomen dark grey above, fawn color below. Primaries: the apical half of costa and outer margin light grey, otherwise ight reddish brown, the inner margin shaded with grey; a whitish line from cell along and below vein 5 separates the two colors. A black point at end of cell; a dark median spot below cell; indistinct traces of reddish brown basal, medial, postmedial, and outer lines, the latter preceded on costa by a large reddish brown spot; a whitish submarginal wavy line; a reddish brown marginal spot above vein 3. Secondaries brown, the fringe whitish. Underneath reddish brown with broad whitish margins. hixpanse.—4+8 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, Type.—Cat. No. 8647, U.S.N.M. Genus MARTHULA Walker. MARTHULA GRISESCENS, new species. Head and palpi reddish brown. Thorax and tegule dark velvety brown; patagia pale grey. Abdomen blackish grey above, becoming paler on last segments; underneath grey, the last two segments dark brown. Primaries lilacine grey, irror: aed with black and shaded with brown on costal half of wing; a basal pale line on costa, not entering cell, shaded with dark brown, followed closely by a geminate brown line from subcostal to submedian; an antemedial V-shaped line in and below cell, surmounted by some pale reddish brown spots on costa, and followed by a pale line outwardly, edged with brown from just below subcostal to inner margin; a large indistinct brown spot at end of cell, preceded by a black point on subcostal; a velvety blackish space medially on inner margin; the postmedial pale line inwardly edged with dark brown from subcostal to inner margin, surmounted on costa by some light reddish brown spots; a pale submarginal line from vein 8 to inner margin; two marginal rows of black lunular 236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. spots between the veins. Secondaries white; the tips of veins and outer margin narrowly brown; fringe whitish. Kixpanse.—40 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8648, U.S.N.M. MARTHULA CASTRENSIS, new species. Palpi and head ochreous brown; a black line behind head; collar and thorax dark reddish brown; tegule Hlacine brown. Abdomen dark brown above, luteous underneath; the anal tuft dark violaceous brown. Primaries brown, slightly reddish on costa, shaded with lilacine below cell; black spots on basal half of costal margin; some black irrorations in and below cell; a round black spot anteriorly in cell before end; a large spot vaguely outlined with black at end of cell; three lilacine lines partly bordered by black irrorations from cell, one before vein 2, one at vein 2, starting in cell, and the third from base of vein 3; an outer lilacine line inwardly shaded with ochre- ous brown from costa near apex to just beyond middle of inner margin; beyond this line the outer margin is partly tinged with lilacine and slightly irrorated with black; a submarginal and a marginal row of black spots between the veins. Secondaries white, a terminal light golden brown shade. Expanse.—31 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. This type specimen was figured“ as Jf. quadrata Walker, but is quite distinct from that species. Type.—Cat. No. 8649, U.S.N.M. MARTHULA HIRSUTA, new species. Palpi, head, and thorax reddish brown. Collar and patagia lilacine brown. Abdomen dark reddish brown above, whitish underneath, with long tufts below and laterally on anal segments. of violaceous black hairs. Primaries lilacine brown; a broad reddish brown shade from middle of costa to outer margin above vein 3; a blackish brown shade separates it from the lilacine portion below; the lines oblique, pale, inwardly shaded with brown; the basal line from median to sub- median veins, the antemedial line from just above median to inner margin, the postmedial from costa, curved around cell, very indis- tinct above vein 3, and followed by a finer line parallel to it; the outer line from costa; a submarginal row of black points between thé veins. Secondaries smoky white; the veins brown; the costal and outer mar- gins shaded with brown; the inner margin broadly blackish. Lupanse.— 34 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8650, U.S.N.M. @ Trans. Ent. Soc., 1901, pl. x1, fig. 2. NO. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 937 MARTHULA MINNA, new species. Palpi, head, and collar bright orange red. Thorax and abdomen above dark brownish grey; abdomen below cream white, the last two segments dark grey. Primaries: the costal half of the wing bright reddish brown; the inner margin dark brownish grey; a lilacine grey space between cell and submedian vein; lines fawn color; the antemedial line outwardly curved, very indistinct on costa, followed by a round black spot in cell; two round black spots at end of cell, one above the other; the postmedial line curved beyond cell, the submarginal from vein 5 to inner margin; from vein 5 to costa a dark shade; a marginal row of black spots between the veins. Secondaries blackish brown; the fringe tipped with white. Expanse.—24 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, French Guiana. This is the smallest species of the genus as yet known. Type.—Cat. No. 8651, U.S.N.M. Genus ANTIOPHA Schaus. ANTIOPHA ALBOLINEA, new species. Palpi dark brown fringed with fawn color. Head and thorax mot- tled lilacine brown and fawn color; patagia with a black streak. Abdomen light brown with basal and lateral fawn color tufts. —Pri- maries: costal and inner margins broadly light Llacine brown, the intermediate space dark brown mottled with olivaceous and lilacine brown with dark longitudinal lines; traces of an antemedial pale line; a row of submarginal and marginal black spots, the latter somewhat connected by blackish scales; a whitish line from middle of cell to half the length of vein 6, posteriorly thickened at vein 5. Secondaries brownish, somewhat thinly scaled. Underneath the primaries are brownish, the secondaries yellowish white. Expanse.—47 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8652, U.S.N.M. Genus ERAGISA Walker. ERAGISA BOCRA, new species. Palpi dark brown fringed with fawn color. Head and thorax red- dish brown; dark steel shades on tegule and patagia. Abdomen dark grey brown; some luteous tufts at base; underneath luteous. Prima- ries dark brown with paler brown transverse lines on costa and outer margin; a broad basal blackish band; a dark brown shade beneath median vein; three fine postmedial black lines, interrupted and indis- >» tinct; a round black spot above vein 3 and another below it; a pale 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. brown space cut by black lines at end of cell; a marginal row of black spots between the veins; fringe dark streaked with lighter brown at ends of veins. Secondaries blackish brown; some paler hairs at base; a white and black spot at anal angle; fringe yellow except at angles. Underneath dull greyish black; the outer margins pale fawn color; the secondaries with long pale fawn color scales. vepanse.—40 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8653, U.S.N.M. Genus CRINODES Herrich-Schaeffer. Hiibner“” figures two species as beschez,; fig. 1, the male is the same as dissimilis Grote; fig. 2, the female is the species I described as striolata. Besckei Hiibner, male, is figured as ‘* C. rztseme Butler.” ? Crinodes abscondes Druce (not Walker), figured on the same plate, fig. 5, is the true C. r7tsemx Butler. Genus PORESTA Schaus. PORESTA SERICEA, new species. Palpi, head and tuft dark grey. Collar and thorax reddish brown, the patagia lilacine brown. Abdomen reddish brown above with pale transverse lines on segments posteriorly; laterally and underneath grey. Primuries silky lilacine brown; the costal margin dark brown, broadly at base, narrowly towards apex; a pale lilacine streak irrorated with reddish brown from base along submedian vein to outer angle; the inner margin below this dark grey; from below apex to middle of submedian vein, a reddish brown line outwardly shaded with dark brown, inwardly with pale buff; a somewhat triangular black line» occupying the entire end of cell; a marginal row of small black lunular spots partly shaded with white; a terminal reddish brown line; fringe dark brown. Secondaries dark blackish brown, somewhat luteous at base, fringe whitish. Eixpanse.—43 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Allied to 2. thermesia Felder and P. jflocciferus Méschler. I have specimens of the latter species agreeing perfectly with the description, but as Moésehler’s diagnosis of the genus Strophocerus is evidently wrong, I do not use his generic term for the genus. Type.—Cat. No. 8654, U.S.N.M. PORESTA OLIVESCENS, new species. Palpi dark brown. Head and thorax mottled white and green. Abdomen brown above, terminally grey, underneath luteous. Pri- 4Sammil. Ex. Schmett., L. > Biologia Cent.-Am., IH, pl. xem, fig. 4. = No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 239 white space from before end of cell to submarginal line. This space is irrorated with brown and green scales along the costal margin, but posteriorly it is pure white, edged by a fine black line, which runs straight to above middle of vein 3, is there rounded and curves ob- liquely to submarginal line at vein 6; beyond and below this white mark the wing is dark green; the base below cell and inner margin rather broadly pale grey, irrorated with darker grey scales; traces of an antemedial black irregular line; the submarginal line fine, black, outwardly lunular; a similar terminal line; fringe dark green, grey at inner angle. Secondaries reddish brown at base, becoming violaceous brown on outer half; fringe brown, tipped with white. Underneath the primaries dark brown; a pale subcostal streak and another on inner margin; the outer margin and apex pale green, with submarginal black points between the veins and paired black spots at end of veins. ucpanse.—35 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Allied to P. mumetes Cramer, which should be placed in this genus. Type.—Cat. No. 8655, U.S.N.M. Genus LEPASTA Moschler. LEPASTA MAONICA, new species. Palpi, head and patagia lilacine brown. Tegule and thorax dark velvety brown. Abdomen violaceous brown above, paler below. Primaries reddish brown; the veins streaked with black, edged above and below with dark Hlacine; the outer margin lilacine irrorated with grey and brown and crossed by a velvety black line slightly dentate between the veins; a dark shade precedes the paler outer margin, curving from costa to inner margin near base; five white points on costa from middle to apex; a short white streak above inner margin on its outer half; an indistinct oblique dark antemedial and postmedial shade on costa; some yellowish green scaling on outer margin below vein 3. Secondaries dark brown, the fringe mottled with yellow. Lxpanse.—39 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; Rockstone, Essequebo River, British Guiana. Allied to Z. miata Moéschler (calophasioides Kaye), but much darker altogether. Type.—Cat. No. 8656, U.S.N.M. LEPASTA MALTHA, new species. Palpi reddish brown, mottled in front with white. Head, tuft and thorax mottled with white, grey, and olivaceous; the patagia outwardly dark brown. Abdomen light brown above, luteous under- all 240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. neath; anal segment mottled with grey. Primaries: the costal mar- gin dark olivaceous brown, broadly from base to middle, then finely to apex, interrupted by yellow streaks; a snow white spot on costa at base; an irregular dark olivaceous brown space from cell near base, widening at end of cell, where it is preceded by a white spot in cell, and followed by another snow white spot between 4 and 5, not extend- ing beyond a transverse postmedial yellowish line; posteriorly the dark space is slightly toothed below cell, then oblique to vein 2 and postmedial line where the latter has a dark spot on either side; the dark shade extends below vein 3 to outer margin; inner margin grey- ish white, irrorated thinly with pale brown; a dark triangular spot just before middle of inner margin; a whitish triangular space irro- rated with brown before postmedial line below costa; the outer space pale olivaceous brown shaded with lilacine grey; a submarginal den- tate black line; faint traces of a similar marginal line. Secondaries reddish brown, darkest on outer margin. Lepanse.—38 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8657, U.S.N.M. LEPASTA VIRIDIS, new species. Palpi brown, fringed and tipped with lilacine. Head and thorax moss green. Abdomen light brown; anal tuft green. Primaries bright moss green; a broad dark grey streak on costal margin near base; four white points on costa beyond middle; a dark grey shade from costa near apex, where it is very narrow, curving to just below vein 2, where it is very broad, and is joined between 2 and 3 by a dark green and grey spot extending from middle of cell; a whitish shade at cell and vein 3; some white spots after the grey postmedial shade, chiefly toward costa; the outer margin below vein 7 dark grey, spotted with green; fringe mottled brown and green. Secondaries violaceous brown, pale at base and on costa, dark on outer margin. Expanse.—33 mm. LTabitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8658, U.S.N.M. Genus TACHUDA Schaus. TACHUDA ANGUSTIPENNIS, new species. Male.—Head and collar buff, mottled with brown. Thorax and abdomen above dark steel grey, the latter luteous underneath and with lateral pale tufts at base. Primaries mottled grey and moss green, with a dark brownish shade from cell to apex, and sometimes along the inner margin; subbasal and median geminate blackish lines; a post- medial geminate brownish line, closely followed by another geminate line, all these lines sometimes almost obsolete; a black streak at end dark steel grey blotches above vein 6, between 5 and 4 and above sub- median; a marginal row of dark spots; a white spot at apex. Second- aries dirty white; the outer margin broadly black-brown; the fringe luteous. Distinguished from allied species by the narrow fore wings and whitish hind wings in the male. Expanse.—32 mm. Habitat.—Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8659, U.S.N.M. TACHUDA DISCRETA, new species. Head and collar varying from buff to dark brown. Thorax and abdomen dark greyish brown. Primaries greyish brown, thinly irro- rated with black; traces of geminate subbasal and medial lines on margins, sometimes continuous; a geminate dark transverse streak at end of cell spotted with white anteriorly and posteriorly; a postmedial row of black points on veins followed by a dark brown line; this is followed by two dark brown shades from costa to inner angle, some- times obsolete below vein 3; submarginal black spots sometimes coalescent, and preceded by a vague lilacine shade; marginal black points, partly shaded with buff, especially at apex; in two females there is a large greyish space in middle of inner margin. Secondaries dark brown in both sexes, the fringe pale. Expanse.—Male, 33 mm.; female, 42 mm. Habitat.—The Guianas, Brazil, Trinidad, British West Indies. Allied to Zachuda albosigima Druce, but easily distinguished by the postmedial markings. Type.—Cat. No. 8660, U.S.N.M. Genus EUMASCHANE, new genus. Antenne pectinated to tips. Palpi with second joint very long, and dilated terminally; third joint minute. Primaries: costal margin straight; apex acute; outer margin slightly incurved from apex to vein 4, then very oblique and deeply lobed on inner margin; veins 2, 3, 4 well apart; 5 from above middle of discocellular; 6 from upper angle of cell; accessory cell long; 7, 8, 10 from its end. Secondaries: veins 2, 3, 4 well apart; 5 present; 6 and 7 stalked; 8 diverging from 7 at middle of cell. EUMASCHANE LAURA, new species. Palpi buff, dark brown above. Frons white. Vertex, collar, and thorax fawn brown; the patagia outwardly edged with white. Abdo- men light brown above, white underneath. Primaries silvery lilacine grey; a few black irrorations on costa and inner margin; some black striz on outer margin; a whitish oval line, inclosing outer half of cell Proc. N, M, vol, xxix—0o——16 ss 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. on which is an angled whitish line toward base of oval, and a curved whitish line within discocellular; a medial whitish line from below this oval to submedian; a postmedial whitish line, curved beyond cell and slightly wavy to end of submedian. Secondaries pale buff on basal half; outer half brown. Exxpanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8661, U.S.N.M. GenwiseDAS wae @ PETAR ackarcd: DASYLOPHIA ABNORMIS, new species Palpi dark brown fringed with black. Head, collar, and a streak on patagia reddish; thorax otherwise and abdomen dull violaceous brown; a reddish brown subdorsal spot containing white scales at base of abdomen. Primaries brown; a dark red-brown shade from base, curved anteriorly toward costa, then incurved in cell, terminating at end of cell, posteriorly limited by median vein, below which the color is brown slightly irrorated with dark red, and limited by a medial curved line from cell to inner margin; a bright reddish streak on inner margin to middle of wing; a round black spot at upper angle of cell, preceded by a smaller dot; a lilacine shade from end of cell to outer margin between 2 and 3, shaded above with a diffuse blackish streak; oblique lilacine shade from costa on outer half; traces of a dentate black postmedial line below vein 3; some marginal dark brown spots. Secondaries dark brown; a reddish streak above anal angle cut by a whitish spot. Expanse.—32 mm. flabitat.—Omai, British Guiana. Type.-—Cat. No. 8662, U.S.N.M. Genus FARIGIA Schaus. FARIGIA MAGNIPLAGA, new species. Body brown mottled with whitish hairs. Primaries brown, thickly irrorated with bright green at base, and on costal margin; a large vel- vety brown space on outer half of inner margin extending to subcostal at end of cell, followed by a whitish shade at inner angle, a geminate dark medial line on costa; a geminate dark brown finely wavy post- medial line, curved around cell, divided by green scales; a velvety dark brown marginal line interrupted by veins; fringe black brown with whitish streaks at ends of veins. Secondaries dark brown. Kixpanse.—37 mm. Flabitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8663, U.S.N.M. e No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 243 FARIGIA FRAGILIS, new species. Head and thorax moss green mottled with llacine. Abdomen lila- cine irrorated with moss green, and a similar subdorsal tuft at base. Primaries: the costal margin and a shade below cell moss green; cell and inner margin lilacine; outer margin broadly white; a dark olive green postmedial line curved beyond cell; a submarginal interrupted moss green shade; terminal black points between the veins, black points on fringe at tips of veins. Secondaries whitish; lilacine irro- rations on outer margin; some pale green hairs on inner margin. Expanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8664, U.S.N.M. Genus HIPPIA Moschler. HIPPIA SALANDERA, new species. Head and thorax dark brown mottled with some whitish tipped scales; the palpi and tegule darker than other parts. Abdomen dark violaceous brown mottled with paler scales. Primaries dark velvety brown; a creamy yellow streak from middle of cell to above vein 6, near outer margin, interrupted by a brown line at vein 5; above this line the subcostal space is thickly irrorated with lilacine and pale brown scales with a round black point before apex; the basal third between cell and submedian thickly irrorated with lilacine grey scales; the outer half from inner margin to vein 3 paler; very indistinct traces of darker postmedial and submarginal lines; a dark lunular marginal line. Secondaries dark brown. Expanse.—37 mm. Habitat. —Omai, British Guiana. This species resembles somewhat //. matheis Schaus, the male of which differs from typical //ippza in having a raised tuft of scales on basal half of antenne. //ippia was created by Méschler for mmetes Cramer, but evidently Méschler identified some other species as mumetes, Which undoubtedly belongs to Lepasta Schaus. Moéschler’s description of mzmetes answers better to //. pulchra Butler or an allied unnamed species. Type.—Cat. No. 8665, U.S.N.M. Genus ARHACIA Herrich-Schaeffer. ARHACIA ELONGATA, new species. Palpi lilacine grey, dark brown in front; frons below dark reddish brown. Head otherwise and collar pale grey. Thorax dark reddish brown. Abdomen blackish brown above, luteous underneath. Pri- maries convex on outer half, the outer margin very oblique; lilacine 944 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXUxt buff heavily shaded with dark grey on basal half below subcostal, black points before and beyond discocellular; a greyish shade to outer margin about vein 4; apical third of costa brownish; fine black lines in cell, and above submedian; an outer fine, irregular, dentate dark ‘ine; a geminate black terminal line. Secondaries grey-black. Expanse.—86 mm. Habitat.—Carabaya, 8S. E. Peru. Type.—Cat. No. 8666, U.S.N.M. Genus, CE RURAL Schrani= CERURA GONEMA, new species. Palpireddish brown. Head white. Collar white anteriorly, broadly black posteriorly; thorax silvery white spotted with black. Abdomen dark brown above, white below; white bands on last two segments. Primaries silvery white, the markings black; a basal line bifurcated on costa; two wavy antemedial lines the second coalescing with a black spot in cell; a medial line interrupted below costa and above inner margin, forming a thick black spot before end of cell; a spot at base of veins 2 and 8 connecting this discal spot with a postmedial line, lunular, partly geminate and widely bifurcating on costa; a line on discocellular; marginal oblique lines reaching terminal dark spots at ends of veins, except at vein 5; fringe white between the veins. Sec- ondaries grey; fringe white spotted with black. EHxpanse.—82 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8667, U.S.N.M. CERURA LANCEA, new species. Head white. Collar black anteriorly, grey posteriorly. Thorax white with two rows of black spots. Abdomen black above, mottled with white on last two segments; underneath white. Primaries white, not silvery, the lines brown. A black spot at base of costa, one on median and another on submedian vein, followed by a row of spots interrupted in cell; an antemedial black triangular spot on costa anda brown annular spot on inner margin containing a darker spot, a medial line, interrupted by veins; three postmedial lunular lines; all the lines ending in thicker blackish spots on costa; submarginal triangular spots between the veins except between 2 and 3; terminal lanceolate dashes between the veins, reacbing the submarginal spots between 4 and 5 and 5 and 6; fringe white. Secondaries white; the inner margin, anal angle, and apex slightly smoky black; a terminal dark line. Expanse.—40 mm. Flabitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana, Type.—Cat. No. 8668, U.S.N.M. i No. 1420. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 945 Genus PEROARA, new genus. Palpi hairy, third joint minute. Antenne fasciculate. Primaries: outer margin obliquely rounded; veins 3 and 4 apart; 5 from above middle of discocellular; 6 from near end of accessory cell; 7 and 8 stalked; 10 from end of accessory cell. Secondaries: 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell; 6 and 7 stalked; 8 close to 7 to end of cell. PEROARA SYLVESTRIS, new species. Palpi dark brown. Head and thorax mottled brown and fawn color; the patagia with silvery white hairs. Abdomen golden brown, the basal segment dark velvety brown. Primaries grey, irrorated with brown; the basal third darkest; a whitish space at end of cell cut by a brown line; a postmedial white line, inwardly edged by a brown line and followed by brownish scales; a large dark patch on costa before apex; a broad subterminal white shade, inwardly shaded with brown below vein 4; a marginal brown shade; a brown terminal line, interrupted by veins and inwardly edged with white; fringe grey. Secondaries smoky brown, palest on basal half; fringe tipped with whitish. ipanse.—Male, 33 mm.; female, 44 mm. Flabitat.—st. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8669, U.S.N.M. Genus GOPHA Walker. GOPHA NIVEIGUTTA, new species Palpi blackish, irrorated with white scales. Head and collar mottled reddish brown and fawn color. Thorax dark brown. Patagia and abdomen blackish. Primaries blackish, mottled with dark moss green, in cell, below cell and vein 2, and at apex; two rows of submarginal dark moss green spots, interrupted by a deep black shade beyond cell to below apex; the outer row of green spots inwardly with small velvety black spots; some white irrorations on veins; a silvery white spot close beyond cell, toothed towards apex; fringe black with tine buff streaks at end of veins. Secondaries black brown; fringe as on primaries. Kixpanse.—36 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Allied to, but much darker than Gopha albipuncta Schaus. Type.—Cat. No. 8670, U.S.N.M. Genus MALUPA, new genus. Palpi porrect, third joint short. Antenne fasciculate. Legs hairy. Primaries long and narrow. Costal margin convex before apex; ‘ outer margin very oblique; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell: 246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. 5 from middle of discocellular; a long accessory cell; vein 6 from near its end; 7, 8, and 10 from end of it; vein 11 from cell. Second- aries triangular, the angles well rounded, the outer margin straight; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell; 6 and 7 on long stalk; 8 diverging from 7 just beyond middle of cell. MALUPA ELONGATA, new species. Palpi, head, collar, and patagia light fawn brown. Coxee brown. Thorax and abdomen dorsally dark brown, the latter with paler trans- verse shades. Primaries light olivaceous brown; the outer half of costal margin, the outer margin below vein 4, and the inner margin bright reddish brown. 2- 2-2 2-.---<-----4--<.---- « Tortricidia Intermalimarcineprominentsulbsinuates.. -s-05 5-5. 22s seen Vipsophobetron Genus EPISIBINE Dyar. Episibine Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, 1898, p. 234. EPISIBINE INTENSA, new species. Male.-—Dark glossy brown, the fore wings with a reddish shade toward apex and a blackish one along submedian fold. 5 26 402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIK, subequal. Wings hyaline, the veins, except the short marginal vein, pale yellowish. Type.—Cat. No. 8954, U.S.N.M. Manila. One specimen. (Father Robert Brown.) Genus DIRHINUS Dalman. 9g. DIRHINUS AURATUS, new species. Female.—Length 3 to 4.2 mm. Head and thorax metallic gold green, rather coarsely, reticulately punctate, sparsely pubescent, some of the hairs on the vertex, the thorax, and scutellum being golden yellow, the others white or silvery white; the metathorax areolated and carinated, there being a large, somewhat oval area at base, sepa- ‘ated into two divisions by a median carina, with carine on either side, and back of the large basal area are two more or less triangular areas; the metapleura are armed with two teeth on their lower hind margin; the abdomen is smooth and shining, the short petiole with longitudi- nal carine, the first segment of the abdomen proper, which is very large and occupies the larger portion of the abdomen, being longitu- dinally striate at base above; the antenne tegule, front and middle legs, except coxee, and the hind tarsi brownish yellow, the rest of the hind legs black. Wings hyaline, with a faint yellowish tinge, the veins dark brownish, the stigmal and postmarginal veins not developed. Matle.—Length 2.8 mm. Dull bronze green, the frontal horns longer, with a slight tooth on each side of the face, opposite the apex of the eyes, the antenne brownish yellow, the pedicel and the two or three apical joints brownish, the abdomen clavate, pear-shaped, the petiole longer than in the female, fully twice as long as thick, longi- tudinally furrowed, the base of abdomen with some short striz near its junction with the petiole, otherwise similar to the female. Type.—Cat. No. 8955, U.S.N.M. Manila. Described from five specimens received from Father Brown. This species is quite distinct from ). anthracia Walker, the only other species known from the Philippines, in color and sculpture. Family MISCOGASTERID:. Genus ORMOCERUS Walker. 10. ORMOCERUS PALLIDIPES, new species. Female.—Length 3.8 mm. Head, coxee, and abdomen dark blue, the abdomen along the venter testaceous, the eyes whitish, the thorax bronze green, the scape of the antenne and the legs pale yellowish, the femora brownish toward apex above, the flagellum brown, the first SO 7 NO. 1424. NEW PHILIPPINE ITYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. A)3 joint more than twice longer than thick. Wings hyaline, the veins brownish yellow. The head is transverse, wider than the thorax, at least four times as wide as thick antero-posteriorly, smooth and shining, but under a strong lens the surface in front appears finely, reticulately sculptured; the thorax is smooth, but the middle mesothoracic lobe and the scutel- lum exhibit a fine, delicate, reticulate sculpture similar to that on the face, only more distinct, this sculpture being less distinct on the lateral mesothoracic lobes and entirely absent on the pronotum and the axilla. The metathorax is impressed on each side, the middle lobe thus formed being smooth and brassy, and produced into a neck that extends over the base of the abdomen; it has also a delicate median carina that is connected with a transverse carina at apex; the lateral depressions are aeneous black; the abdomen is conically pointed, blue, longer than the head and thorax united, flat or subconcave above, compressed beneath; the ventral segment projecting and forming a prominent keel. Wings hyaline, the veins brown, the marginal and postmarginal veins very long, only a little shorter than the subcostal vein; the stigmal vein is clavate at apex and about one-third the length of the marginal. Type.—Cat. No. 8956, U.S.N.M. Manila. One specimen. (Father Robert Brown.) Family ENCYRTID 2. Genus HOWARDIELLA Dalla Torre. 11. HOWARDIELLA TARSATA, new species. Female.—Length 2mm. Black and shining, the head subopaque, with two rows of microscopic punctures from the front ocellus, the tibiz brown black, the tarsi, except the last joint, yellowish white. The head is sublenticular, about as wide as the thorax, with an exca- vation anteriorly for the reception of the antennz, which are inserted far anteriorly, with a ridge between; eyes very large, occupying most of the sides of the head, long oval, strongly facetted, and slightly con- verging above, the upper inner margin touching the lateral ocelli, the latter being close to each other; the flagellum is brown black, thick- ened toward apex, the pedicel being long, as long as the three follow- ing joints united, the funicle joints broadening toward, the club and wider than long; the pronotum is very short, hardly visible from above; the mesonotum is wider than long and hardly as long as the large scutellum, the axillee widely separated; the metathorax is very short, perpendicular with the apex of the scutellum; the abdomen is sessile, seen from above subcordate, and hardly as long as the thorax; the first joint of the hind tarsi is as long as joints 2 and 3 united and thicker. Wings hyaline, the veins brown, the marginal and submar- 404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, ginal veins short, the stigmal vein rather long, slightly curved and clavate. Type.—Cat. No. 8957, U.S.N.M. Manila. One specimen. (Father Robert Brown.) Genus APHYCUS Mayr. 12, APHYCUS ALBICLAVATUS, new species. Male.—Length 1 mm. Head and thorax mostly orange red, the eyes brown black, the mouth parts, sides of thorax, legs, and the abdo- men on each side at base white, the rest of the abdomen brownish, with a median streak toward apex, and a median spot at apex of the basal seement, black or dark fuscous. The antenne are black, but the scape broadly at apex, the pedicel narrowly at apex, and the three last joints of the flagellum, representing the club, are snow white; the scape is dilated beneath, the flagellum long, subfiliform and pubescent, the joints of the funicle being about thrice as long as thick. Wings hyaline, the veins brown. : Type.—Cat. No. 8958, U.S.N.M. Manila. One specimen. (Father Robert Brown.) This beautiful species is evidently allied to A. dactylopii described from Hongkong, China, and known only in the female sex, so that there is a probability of its being the opposite sex of that species. This can not be settled positively until the female is discovered or until the male of A. dactylopi: is made known. Family PTEROMALID. Genus PARASAPHES Ashmead. 13. PARASAPHES TOWNSENDI, new species. Female.—Length about 0.8 mm. Bluish black, with a faint aeneous tinge especially noticeable on the hind margin of the pronotum: the hypopygium toward apex is testaceous; ocelli pale, arranged in a triangle; scape of antenne and the legs brownish-yellow, the sutures of the joints, the knees, and the tarsi whitish; flagellum brown, pubescent, the funicle joints longer than thick, the first being the longest, about 15 times as long as thick. Wings hyaline, iridescent and pubescent, the marginal and stigmal veins brown, the other veins pale; the marginal vein is fully four times as long as the stigmal vein, or as long, or very slightly longer, than the subcostal vein. The large head is transverse, a little wider than the thorax, about 34 times as wide as thick antero-posteriorly; behind it is broadly, shal lowly concave; anteriorly it is convex; the pronotum is very slightly longer than the mesonotum, but not quite so wide; the mesonotum is much broader than long, with distinct parapsidal furrows that con- ee ee ee ee ee a No, 1424. NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 405 verge posteriorly and almost meet at the base of the scutellum, the latter being convexly rounded; the metanotum is rather short, with a distinct median carina; the abdomen is fully as long as the thorax, ovate, depressed, beneath subcompressed, the hypopygium shghtly projecting, plowshare-shaped. Male.—Length about 6.5 mm. Differs from the female in being proportionally smaller, a little darker in color, the head more aeneous black, with purplish and metallic reflections, the abdomen smaller, less than two-thirds the length of the thorax, and depressed, the anterior lees and the middle coxe more yellowish white than in the female. Type.—Cat. No. 8465, U.S.N.M. Manila. Described from 5 female and 3 male specimens bred by Prof. Tyler Townsend from a coccid and sent to Prof. T. D. A. Cock- erell, of Boulder, Colorado, who transmitted them to me. Genus EURYCRANIUM Ashmead. 14. EURYCRANIUM SAISSETIZ, new species. Female.— Length 0.8 to 0.9 mm. Head and thorax blue black, the eyes black, the abdomen wholly brownish yellow, the scape of the antenne and the legs, except the coxee, yellowish, the front and mid- dle legs mostly metallic bluish but with the front tarsi and the middle tibiz and tarsi yellowish. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. Maule.—Length about 0.7 mm. Head and thorax aeneous black, the head anteriorly in front bluish, the small, very short, depressed abdo- men black with a strong violaceous tinge; the scape of the antenne is more or less bluish; the legs black or brown black, the sutures of the joints, the knees, and tips of tibize yellowish, the tarsi whitish. Wings hyaline, the veins brownish, darker than in the female. Type.—Cat. No. 9037, U.S.N.M. Manila. Described from 3 female and 7 male specimens received from Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell and bred by Prof. Tyler Townsend from a coceid, Sa/ssetia nigra Nietner. The type of this genus, 4 alcock? Ashmead, was bred from a coccid, Ceroplastes actiniformis Green, at Calcutta, India, by Major Alcock. Family ICHNEUMONID. EAS IM@ GIN AVR EROS nev genus? Head very large, quadrate, similar to that in the genus 777gonalys Westwood, seen from above only a little wider than long, the temples wide, as wide as the eyes, the clypeus not at all separated from the face, slightly angulated anteriorly and projecting slightly over the mandibles; mandibles very broad and flat, terminating in two acute teeth, the outer margin of the mandibles being strongly curved from base to apex; labial palpi short, apparently only 3-jointed, the first 406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU, Sexrxe joint the longest, clavate, the second about twice as long as thick, stouter than the last but shorter; maxillary palpi long, apparently 4-jointed, the joints long, subequal in length, the second dilated into a compressed, obtusely triangular lobe beneath toward apex, the other joints cylindrical; antenn tapering off toward apex, apparently 37-jointed, with a broad white annulus at the middle, the scape rather long and stout, about four times as long as thick; the mesonotum is without a trace of the parapsidal furrows; the scutellum is subconvex and delicately keeled at the lateral margins; the metanotum is areo- lated, the areola being hexagonal, longer than wide, the spiracles elongate: the abdomen is subcompressed toward apex, with a dis- tinctly projecting ovipositor, although short, as in some Cryptines; the second segment alone is distinctly punctate, the others being smooth and shining, the gastrocceli being large and transverse; the venation of the wing's is very similar to that in /chaeumon, the areolet being pentagonal, the median and submedian cells equal, the trans- verse median nervure being distinctly interstitial with the basal nery- ure; in the hind wings the transverse median nervure is straight but broken by the subdiscoidal nervure far below its middle. 15. ELASMOGNATHUS CEPHALOTES, new species. Female.—Length 6.5 mm.; ovipositor projecting considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen, or the length of the second joint of the hind tarsus. Black marked with yellowish white as follows: An oval spot on vertex back of eyes, the upper inner orbits, the hind orbits broadly for two-thirds the length of the eyes, the cheeks, the face except an oblong black median spot, the mandibles except the teeth, the palpi, the anterior margin of the prothorax, the hind mar- gin of the same to the tegule, but broadly interrupted at the middle, two short lines on the disk of the mesonotum, the scutellum and post- scutellum, the tegule, a spot beneath same, a broad band on the meso- pleura, a spot at the insertion of the hind wings, a spot on each side at base of the metathorax inclosing the spiracles, a spot back of these on the hind angles and connected with a large quadrangular spot on the upper hind angles of the metapleura, the basal half or more of the abdominal petiole, the apical margin of same, the basal margin of the second segment including the gastroceeli, and the apical margins of segments 2 to 7, most of the ventral membrane, except some lateral spots and the last two segments basally, the front and middle cox and trochanters, the hind cox broadly at apex, and the hind tarsi except pulviili and the basal half of the first joint, all white or yellowish white, the scutellum being more distinctly yellow; rest of the legs, except as noted, mostly red; the hind coxz basally, the hind trochanters, except a white spot above, a stain at apex of hind femora above, the base of hind tibiae, the basal half of the first joint of hind No, 1424. NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 407 ial and the mde SHEL pee or ance ‘ee 8 oe lp vok the antennee and joints 16, 17, “hl 18 beneath are white. The large quadrate enc is smooth and shining and impunctate; the mesonotum and the scutellum are distinctly, but not reticulately, punctured; the lateral depressions on the prothorax and the meso- pleura are lineated, the former, as well as the sternum, the metapleura and the hind coxe, being also punctate; the metathorax, except the surface of the areola and the basal lateral areas which are smooth and shining, is rugulose with irregular raised lines and punctures, the sur- face of the long petiolar area being transversely rugulose; the abdo- men, except the second segment, is smooth and shining, the second seement being distinctly punctured, the punctures more dense toward the base, sparser toward apex, and obsolete on the white apical mar- gin. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown. Type. Cat. No: 8959, U.S.N.M. Manila. One specimen. (Father Robert Brown.) This curious species is totally unlike any other in the tribe Ichneu- monini, the only place it could be arranged in according to the present classification. Genus ISOTIMA Forster. 16. ISOTIMA ALBICINETA, new Species. Female.—Length 5 mm.; ovipositor half the length of the abdomen. Head and abdomen, except the petiole and a white band at apex of the second and last segments, black; the petiole of the abdomen is ferrugi- nous, with a white band at apex; the thorax, all coxe, and the legs, except the hind legs which are black with white tibial spurs and a white annulus at base of tarsi and in the incision of the joints, and the first joint of the front and middle trochanters which are fuscous, are ferruginous, the middle tibize and tarsi more or less fuscous above, paler beneath; palpi white; antennz black, the last three joints red; wings hyaline, the front pair with a broad dark-brown band across from the lanceolate stigma and the areolet; there is a paler, narrower band before the basal nervure. The transverse head back of the eyes is smooth and impunctate, the scrobes emarginate, the vertex coriaceous and opaque, the face below the antenne and the clypeus are shining, the eyes large, strongly facetted; the thorax, except the metathorax, is smooth with distinct parapsidal furrows, but with some striz in the depressions laterally on the collar and on the mesopleura, the metathorax, except the surface of the three basal areas which is smooth and shining, is rugoso-punctate, the areola being defined only at base, the apical transverse carina being obsolete medially. Type.—Cat. No. 8961, U.S.N.M. Manila. One specimen. (Peer Robert Brown.) 408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, 17. ISOTIMA METATHORACICA, new species. Male.—Leneth about 4 mm. Head and thorax, except the meta- thorax and a spot just above the middle cox on the lower hind margin of the mesopleura, and the abdomen, except white bands at the apex of the first, second, and third segments, a large white spot on the last seoment above, and the base of the petiole, which is ferruginous, black; the metathorax, the spot on mesopleura above the middle coxe, the base of the abdominal petiole, and the legs, except the front and mid- dle coxze and trochanters, which are white, and the first joint of the hind trochanters, a spot at apex of the hind femora, the apex of the hind tibize, and the hind tarsi, which are blackish or fuscous, are fer- ruginous; an oblong spot on the middle of the face, a spot on vertex at the apex of the eyes, the mandibles except the teeth, the palpi, the scutellum, except the fovea across the base, the tegule, a spot in front and beneath, the front and middle coxe and trochanters, a small spot at the metathoracic spiracles, the apical margins of the abdominal segments 1 to 3, and the large spot on the last segment are white; first two joints of antennz yellow, rest of antennz black; the first joint of the flagellum long, about 6 times as long as thick. Wings hyaline, the venation fuscous, the stigma paler within. The insect is smooth and shining, with the second and third segments of the abdomen punctate; the parapsidal furrows distinct; the middle lobe with a crenate depression in front of the scutellum, while the metathorax is completely areolated. Type.—Cat. No. 9040, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Brown.) 18. ISOTIMA ALBIFRONS, new species. Female.—Length 8.5 mm.; ovipositor half the length of the abdo- men. Black; the palpi, a spot at base of the mandibles, the clypeus, a large spot on the face extending from the clypeus to the insertion of the antennz, a stripe on each side of it close to the eye, a large spot on the vertex close to the apex of the eye and leaving a triangular black spot inclosing the ocelli, the tegule and a spot beneath, the scutellum, except the depression across the base, the front and middle coxe and trochanters, the knees and front tibie toward base and beneath, the base of the middle tibie and beneath, a broad annulus at base of the hind tibiee, the hind tarsi, except an annulus at base and the last joint, broad bands at the apex of the first and second segments of the abdomen, and a large spot on the last two segments are white; the metathorax, the base of the first segment of the abdomen, and rest of the legs, except as noted and the hind tibiz, are ferruginous; the hind tibie, except the annulus at base, the tibial spurs, the annulus at base of tarsi and the last joint, are black; the two basal joints of the anten- ne and the front coxe above are yellowish, the rest of the antennae, No. 1424. NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 409 except a broad white annulus, black; wings hyaline, with a broad brown band across the stigma, the stigma and veins black or brown- black. The metathorax is rugulose, with two transverse carine and a pleural ‘arina, the first transverse carina being connected with a triangular area just back of the metascutellum, the spiracles large; the insect otherwise, except the mesopleura anteriorly, which are finely rugulose, and the second and third abdominal segments, which are closely finely punctate and opaque, is smooth and shining. | Type.— Cat. No. 9441, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Brown.) 19. ISOTIMA CINCTICORNIS, new species. Female.—Leneth nearly 5 mm.; ovipositor not quite as long as the abdomen. Coloredas in /. albicincta, only the antenne have a distinct white annulus not present in that species, while the legs too are slightly differently colored, being mostly red, with the hind pair black from the trochanters, with only the tibial spurs white; the tarsi wholly black, not white basally as in 7. albicincta. Type.—Cat. No. 9042, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Brown.) GemusenG ROME RE Ube S Herster: 20. AGROTHEREUTES NIGRITARSIS, new species. Female.—Length about 7 mm.; ovipositor not half the length of the abdomen. Head, prothorax, mesonotum, and the abdomen, except the apical margins of the first and second segments and large spots on the last two segments which are white, black; rest of the thorax and the lees, except the front and middle coxe and an annulus at base of hind tibize which are white, and the hind tibiz and tarsi which are black, are ferruginous or red; the antenna, except joints 8, 9, and 10 ¢m front which are white, are black, the three or four basal joints being brown- ish. Wings hyaline, faintly dusky at apex, the stigma and veins dark brown. The whole insect is mostly smooth and shining, but the face from the antennz to the clypeus and the depressions laterally on the prono- tum are finely rugulose, the mesopleura, except a spot at the upper hind angles and the metathorax, are rugulose, while the second and third segments of the abdomen are closely, opaquely punctate. Type.—Cat. No. 90438, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Brown.) 21. AGROTHEREUTES ALBIPALPIS, new species. Male.—Length 6mm. Head and thorax, except the metathorax, which is red, and the abdomen mostly black, but marked with white 410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXiK. as follows: The palpi entirely, the mandibles, except the teeth, an oblong spot on the middle of the face, an oblong spot on the vertex on each side between the ocelli and the eyes, the tegule and a spot beneath, a large spot. back of the insertion of the hind wings, the front and middle coxe, the front femora beneath their tibiz and tarsi, except the last joint, the middle tibie, the apical margins of abdominal seg- ments 1, 2, and 3, and a large spot on the last segment are white; the suture between the fourth and fifth dorsal segments of the abdomen is also white; the scape of the antenne, the front and middle femora above, the metathorax, the hind legs (except the trochanters, apex of tibie, and tarsi, which are black), and the base of the first joint of the abdomen are red. Wings hyaline or only faintly tinted, the stigma and veins black. The whole insect, except some minute punctures on the face, some wrinkles laterally on the prothorax and the mesopleura, the finely rugulose metathorax, and the closely, opaquely punctate second and third segments of the abdomen, is smooth and shiny. Type.-—Cat. No. 9044, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Brown.) AMAUROMORPHA, new genus. This new genus belongs to the tribe Lissonotini, and, on account of the abdomen being petiolate, not sessile, falls into the section with the genera Atropha Kriechbaumer and Zaschenbergia Schmiedeknecht. My table of the genera, Classification of the Ichneumon Flies, page 49, may be modified to include it as follows: Abdomen petiolate; head transverse. Metathorax exareolated, without a transverse apical carina. (For further char- acters see Classification ). Atropha Kriechbaumer and Taschenbergia Schmiedeknecht Metathorax exareolated, but with an apical carina and a basal carina. Abdomen petiolate, the gaster finely, densely punctate, subsericeous, the petiole very slightly and gradually thickened to the apex, sparsely punctate, but not abruptly bent, the spiracles very minute placed at the middle; parapsidal furrows not distinct, only vaguely indicated; metathorax rather long, the spiracles elongate, linear; front wings without a distinct areolet, the submedian cell not quite as long as the median, the tranverse median neryure joining the median vein just before the basal nervure; transverse median nervure in hind wings angularly broken above the middle. Amauromorpha, new genus 22. AMAUROMORPHA METATHORACICA, new species. Female.—Leneth 9 mm.; ovipositor about one-third the length of the abdomen. Black, very finely, closely punctate, and clothed with a fine, sericeous pubescence, the metathorax, the front legs, except the coxe, trochanters, and tarsi, the middle coxe and femora, the hind coxe and the hind femora being orange red; antenne brown-black; palpi black, but with the first joint narrowly vellowish at apex; wings a gegen ce I Re No. Wd. NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 411 hyaline, ald eeeaie stigma ae the veins oie ey, or Bre own- ne ac ae ihe second recurrent nervure being distinctly interstitial with the first transverse cubitus; the areolet is wanting, but there is a trace of the second transverse cubitus present by a small stump of a vein from the radius. Type.—Cat. No. 9045, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Brown.) Genus XANTHOPIMPLA Saussure. 23. XANTHOPIMPLA KRIEGERI, new species. Female.—Length 9 mm.; ovipositor less than one-third the length of the abdomen. Yellow; a spot inclosing the pale ocelli, a round spot on each side of the mesonotum, a minute spot on each side of the first abdominal segment just back of the spiracles, a small round spot on each side of the second segment, a large oblong oval spot on each side of the third, fourth, fifth, and seventh segments, that on the seventh being emarginate within, a V-shaped mark on the eighth seg- ment, and the sheaths of the ovipositor black; eyes brown, sli¢htly emarginate within; antenne black, with the first four or five joints yellow beneath, the first joint or the scape being triangularly emargi- nate laterally at apex; the tips of the tarsal claws and the teeth of the mandibles are black. Wings hyaline, the stigma and the veins, except the subcostal vein and the stigma within which are yellowish, are black; the areolet is trapeziform, subpetiolate. The metanotum has three areas across the base, and another area on each side back of the lateral basal areas, or five in all; the pleural carine and a carina at the apex of the metanotum are distinct but very delicate. Type.—Cat. No. 8962, Wee NEVE Manila. Two specimens. (Father Robert Brown.) This interesting new species, the first to be discovered in the Philip- pines, is named in honor of Dr. Richard Krieger, who monographed the species in the genus Yanthopimpla Saussure in 1899. Family ALYSIID®. Genus GONIARCHA Forster. 24. GONIARCHA MALAYENSIS, new species. Female.—Length 2 mm.; ovipositor about the length of the basal joint of the hind tarsi. Head, except the eyes, and the abdomen, except the first seement, dry Vato the eyes, the thorax, the hind coxe, and the first segment of the abdomen, black; the second dorsal segment of the abdomen is more or less brownish: the antenne are dark fuscous, becoming black toward apex, but with the first four or five joints yellowish; the palpi, tips of cox, and all trochanters are ‘ 412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. white, the rest of the legs, except the pulvilli and the hind tarsi, which are fuscous, are testaceous; mandibles yellowish, tridentate at apex; wings hyaline, the stigma yellowish, the veins fuscous. The head, the thorax, except the metathorax, and the abdomen, except the petiole, are smooth and shining; the metathorax is coarsely reticulated with irregular elevated lines, while the petiole is longitudinally striated. Type.—Cat. No. 8963, U.S.N.M. Manila. One specimen. (Father Robert Brown.) Family BRACONIDZE. Genus HOMIOPTERUS Girard. 25. HOMIOPTERUS PACIFICUS, new species. Male.—Length 1.6 mm. Head and thorax brownish yellow, the eyes brown-black, the metanotum subfuscous, with elevated lines, the abdomen pale brownish with the petiole rugulose and black; the palpi and legs are yellowish white; the antenne are very long, the flagellum subfuscous above, becoming black toward apex; wings hyaline, the stigma pale, the venation typical of the genus and fuscous. The whole insect, except the metathorax and the petiole of the abdomen, is smooth and shining, and quite different in this respect from the delicately, longitudinally sculptured species known in the North American fauna. Manila. One specimen. (Father Robert Brown.) Genus MICROBRACON Ashmead. 26. MICROBRACON LUTEICEPS, new species. Female.—Leneth 1.3 mm.; ovipositor not quite half the length of the abdomen. Head, except the eyes anda large spot inclosing the ocelli, most of the thorax, except as hereafter noted, and the abdomen beneath, luteous or pale yellowish; legs yellowish, the hind femora and tarsi and the last joint of the front and middle tarsi, dark fuscous; the antenne, the eyes, the spot on vertex inclosing the ocelli; the disks of the lateral and middle lobes of the mesonotum, the base of the scutellum, the metanotum, sutures beneath the tegule, a spot on. the mesosternum, the abdomen above, and the sheaths of the ovi- positor, are black. Wings hyaline, with a grayish tinge; the stigma and veins brownish, the stigma paler within. Type.—Cat. No. 9086, U.S.N.M. Manila. One specimen. (Father Robert Brown.) ISHS IMUKE IL NASAL OS, sews Eres, This new genus falls in the tribe Braconini and comes next to Glyptomorpha Holmgren, to which it is closely related. No, 21. NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA—ASHM EAD. 413 My table of the genera, Classification of the Ichneumon Flies“ may be modified to include it as follows: 4. Abdominal segments 2-3 or 2-4 with oblique lateral impressions, and all segments longitudinally striate, or aciculate; metanotum without a median carina; first and second abscissee of the radius not nearly straight, but forming an obtuse angle, the second cubital cell not wider at base than at apex, usually a little GENTFONWAEIE 8 SAE ay rear re ae cee ge en oe ae Glyptomorpha Holmgren. Abdominal segment 2 alone with an oblique lateral impression, the second and third segments alone longitudinally striate, the following smooth or nearly; metanotum with a median carina; first and second abscissee of the radius in a straight line, or nearly, the second cubital cell much wider at base than at EOYs leh el Are ee Oe al te el Ee pa EU Hemiglyptus, new genus. 27. HEMIGLYPTUS FLAVUS, new species. Female.—Length +.2 mm. Pale brownish yellow, the eyes brown, the antenne, except the two basal joints, and the sheaths of the ovi- positor, which are nearly as long as the abdomen, are black, the hind tarsi faintly dusky, the wings hyaline, the large stigma and the cost black, the internal veins brown. The head and thorax are smooth and shining, but exhibit some sparse, microscopic punctures; the parapsidal furrows are distinct posteriorly from the anterior third of the mesonotum; the metanotum is smooth, but has a distinct median carina; the abdomen has two crenate furrows on the first segment that converge anteriorly, the second and third segments being longitudinally striate, while the following segments are smooth. Type.—Cat. No. 9046, U.S.N.M. Manila. (Father Robert Brown.) «Proc. U. §. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1900, p. 137. Kea wae yy : i a F y a n ee ‘ Oh ‘Smal fy f ; 7 aie Ve A ; 3 et Sin 7 fepk CVO fe y sh NM i ; n ‘ ~ x ’ f \ . ‘ ' ' . , ' ’ ‘ THOMAS MARTYN AND THE UNIVERSAL CONCHOLOGIST. By Witiiam Heatery Dat, Curator, Division of Mollusks. The career of Thomas Martyn, the artist publisher of the most beautiful iconography of shells ever prepared, the medalist of a pope and four kings, is little known. He has been confused with a distinguished cotemporary botanist of the same name in some. bibli- ographies, and the facts: now discoverable about his life, and even his publications, are disappointingly scanty. In Nichols’ Literary Anec- dotes (VIII, p. 4832) he is styled ‘**the entomologist, a native of Coy- entry.” In the Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors (London, 1815-16) he is described as ‘tan ingenious naturalist in London;” while Dryander, in his catalogue of the library of Sir Joseph Banks (V, p. 347, 1800), has the brief note, ‘*mercator rerum naturalium Londini.” The notice in the Dictionary of National Biography (XXXVI, p. 321, 1893) more appropriately refers to him as a ‘‘ natu- ral history draughtsman and pamphleteer,” flourishing between 1760 and 1816. No clue to the dates of his birth and death has been found, but it appears to be certain that he was a resident of London from 1781 to 1816, living successively at 26 King street, Covent Garden, 16 and 12 Great Marlborough street, and 62 Great Russell street, Blooms- bury. His name appears on the list of subscribers to the publication of Da Costa’s British Conchology in 1778. Maton and Rackett, in their Historical Account of Testaceological Writers (1804), speak of him as a *‘dealer,” which is also implied by Dryander’s note above cited; but if he dealt in anything-except his publications these two references are the only traces of it. His name does not appear in a long series of London business and post-office directories of the period which I have consulted. He was evidently a man of education, the language of his text is correct, he knew French, some Latin, and possibly some Greek (there is a Greek subtitle on his frontispiece); he tells us that his work had received the approbation ‘*of many noble and learned - — — = es -——— —— a eee PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIX—No. 1425. 415 416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, persons, ml more particularly on Sir Joseph Tanne: aa ganction, too, given in a manner the most flattering.” He was allowed to dedicate his Universal Conchologist to the King, which meant, in those days, that at least he was a person properly vouched for. We may fancy he was not inimical to the Roman faith, since his first copy, or at least the copy among those presented to dignitaries which was earliest rewarded by a medal, was sent to the Pope Pius VI. That he was a man of alert mind, interested in many things, is indicated by the list of his publications, which begins with a quarto essay on ballooning. hav- ing a colored frontispiece representing a supposedly dirigible balloon of the author’s design. This is followed by the Universal Conch- ologist; by a pamphlet suggesting a national assessment for the main- tenance of disabled soldiers and sailors; by the English Entomologist, including illustrations of more than five hundred British beetles; by a work on spiders, based in part on Albin’s original drawings purchased at the sale of the Portland collection in 1786,’ plates of plants and lepidopterous insects; an anti-Napoleonic pamphlet; and one entitled Great Britain’s Jubilee Monitor; the list finally winds up with a new edition of the Natural System of Colors, by the late Moses Harris, edited by Martyn in 1811, a quarto publication dedicated to our own Benjamin West, ‘‘the British Raphael. ” ‘ All this shows a man of alert and original mind, artistic, scientific, philanthropic, and patriotic.. The character of the illustrations which have come down to us show that the artistic faculty of Martyn, as regards the representation of objects of natural history, was some- thing quite out of the ordinary. His presence in that part of the Dic- tionary of Living Authors which was (as indicated by the running date) prepared in 1815, leads to the conclusion that he was then living, and a note in the preface to his pamphlet of 1804 informs us of the existence of a son, who, by the favor of the Duke of York, to whom the pamphlet was dedicated, had been recommended for a commission in the royal army. The manner of preparing the plates of his iconographies is described by Martyn in the preface to the second issue of his Conchologist, in 1789, and is creditable to his ingenuity. Finding that considerations of expense and discipline made it im- Oe to secure the service esuien from i Mle peaclen: artists, ‘the a Banks, who was on excellent terms w ‘th George (IT, may very eae have procured the royal consent to the dedication of the Universal Conchologist to his majesty. > Portland Catalogue, p. 119, No. 2623. ¢The first edition, published in the author’s lifetime, had been dedicated to Sir Joshua Reynolds. Harris, like Martyn, was an entomologist and artist of no mean capacity, and his British Aurelian has passed through four editions, the last edited by Westwood so late as 1840. Harris is believed to have died about 1785, and his career may have been instrumental in leading Martyn to undertake his own iconographies. en A eR = No. 1425. THOMAS MARTYN—DALL. 417 thought it probable that in the productions of boys, all of whom had received their first rudiments of good taste from the same common preceptor, and who should execute whatever they did under his im- mediate inspection and control, there would generally be found that uniformity and equality of style. conception, and execution which it would be in vain to require from a variety of independent artists.” Impressed with this idea, he now directed his attention to the discovery and instruction of ‘ta number of young persons who, born of good but humble parents, could not from their own means aspire to the cultiva- tion of any liberal art, at the same time that they gave indications of natural talent for drawing and design.” One of this character soon presented himself and made rapid and satisfactory progress, and by the end of a year was sufficiently pro- ficient to serve as a tutor himself, when two more were engaged, and in two years such advances were made that the exhibition of specimen plates excited an admiration the sincerity of which was evinced by orders for copies of the proposed work. At the end of three years from the beginning of the undertaking, seventy copies of the first two volumes (comprising 80 plates) had been completed. On comparison of the later work with the earlier, however, the latter appeared so inferior that Martyn decided to totally reject the whole of what had been done, and began again, ‘‘in that improved style of execution which was ultimately to determine the fate and reputation of the work.” Here spoke the artist, and the ‘* dealer,” if he existed, totally disappeared with the rejected copies. Finally, the etchings on copper, from which were printed the plates serving as a base for the color work, were taken from outside engravers and made in what he fondly terms his academy, so that the whole work could be prepared in his own establishment. : All this cost money, of course, and Martyn admits having ‘sunk in it no inconsiderable share of a private competence,” but in return he had ‘‘the singular gratification of seeing his most sanguine expecta- tions realized by the event,” and his publication rendered ‘tas worthy of himself, of his country, and of the learned world as art and his utmost abilities of every kind could effect.” Apart from its product the little academy seems to have been a source of pride to Martyn as furnishing society with an accession of useful members in the persons of his pupils, whose number finally grew to nine, instructed and supervised by Martyn himself, and he winds up his account of it with the-declaration that in this little semi nary duty toward God and man is earnestly enforced, since the con- ductor of it ‘‘ would feel it a nobler boast to have educated one good citizen than any number of artists, however ingenious.” While the essay on a dirigible balloon appears to have been earlier published, the Universal Conchologist seems to have been Martyn’s 20 Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05 41 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXIX. MAGNUM Opus, and the one to which his interest was most attached. The planning to prepare a work which should be of a unique excellence was done with this special object in mind, and the subsequent publica- tions on insects, spiders, plants, etc., were incidental to the possession of the facilities which had been provided for the conchologist. For his insects Martyn accepted the system of Linnzus, but in his con- chological work he projected a system which should be his own, while preserving a binomial nomenclature. He explains” that his new classification *‘ will be found to stand on the firm and unalterable basis of truth and nature,” his leading idea being to avoid lengthy descrip- tions by substituting for them figures of such perfection as to convey fully the essential characters of the shells. ‘‘Accordingly, the synoptic table,” which was to display the scheme of classification devised by the author, ‘‘will not appear until sufficient progress shall have been made in the work to prepare the mind of the student for a candid decision on its comparative merits.” Meanwhile, to render the work useful from the beginning, ‘‘an explanatory table will be given, show- ing, in different columns * * * the English name and family with an initial letter denoting the genus or division of the family to which the shell belongs, according to the system of the author; thirdly, the Latin name; fourthly, where the shell is found; and lastly, in what cabinet it is preserved.” ‘*The work will commence with the figures of the shells (most of them rare and nondescript) which have been collected by the several officers of the ships under the command of Captains Byron, Wallace, Cook, and others in the different voyages made to the South Seas. The whole of which will be contained in two volumes.” ‘*The author presumes that the method which he has adopted,? of displaying the figure of each shell in two positions, would generally be preferred * * * as it would have been impossible, from so small a number as the South Sea shells afford, to select proper com- panions of the same size and genus to be given-in the same plate, and that, too, repeatedly. In future volumes’ it is proposed to give at least two different shells of the same genus in each plate.” I have already described the organization by which Martyn intended to carry out his plan, the outcome of which is described by Maton and Rackett (1804) in the following remarks: ‘*In the year 1784 Martyn, a dealer, began one of the most beautiful and costly conchological works this country has ever seen. * * * But betone this ingenious artist had completed his two volumes of a All ihe citations not otherwise Suen are from the text of the eeecee and preface to the Universal Conchologist. >In the two volumes above referred to. ¢That is, in those volumes projected to contain the figures ‘‘of every known shell,’’? but of which only two were prepared. ca NS No. 1425. THOMAS MARTYN—DALL. 419 South Sea shells he discovered the impossibility of procuring pur- chasers sufficient to compensate him for his labour and expense—a mis- fortune generally experienced by private individuals who embark in such extensive and sumptuous undertakings. He therefore did not proceed beyond 160 plates; which, however, as they include all the species then known to the Southern navigators, may be regarded as constituting a complete work, so far as it goes, and it was all that Mr. Martyn had absolutely engaged himself to execute. There is only one species on a plate, but each is exhibited in different aspects, with incomparable elegance, and with great correctness of drawing and coloring.” The reader will perceive from Martyn’s account of the manner in which his plates were prepared—and from an intimation in his intro- duction that the plates were intended to be arranged when the work was completed, according to his new system of classification— that it was practicable for the author to prepare copies to meet the demand, be the same slow or rapid; also, that mere prudence would lead the author to prepare no great number of sets of plates beyond those for which he had received or expected orders. This probably accounts for the rarity of the work, and it will be recalled that the first ‘* edition,” if it may be so termed, the one which was rejected on account of the want of uniformity in its execution, consisted of only seventy copies of the first eighty plates. By the citations which follow the reader will see that the bibliogra- phers have been unfortunate or careless in their references to this work, and that the dates of publication, the meaning of the word ‘* volume” when used in connection with these plates, and some other statements in regard to them, are ambiguous or involved in more or less doubt. The citations are given in the order of their dates: Portland Catalogue, 1786 (circa April 1). The Universal Conchologist, exhibiting the Figure of every known shell, accurately drawn and painted after Nature, with a new system- atical arrangement, by Thomas Martyn, 1784. Nore.—The compiler of the Portland Catalogue, who is unknown, makes copious references to the figures in Martyn up to plate 80, or by Martyn’s estimate volumes T and II, but he assigns to that work the date of 1784, the date of the Catalogue being early in 1786. Dr. Solander, whose manuscript names are thus illustrated by Martyn’s figures, without acceptance of Martyn’s previously published names, must have obtained the shells and labeled them between the arrival of the expedition late in 1780 and the date of his own death, in May, 1782. The Catalogue is largely based on Solander’s manuscript description of the Portland Cabinet, which must have been chiefly prepared before the appointment of Solander as keeper of the printed books in the British Museum, in 1773. The references to Martyn appear to have been added by the anonymous compiler. In looking over the entries in this Catalogue one often finds references to Martini’s Conchylien Cabinet, with the name misprinted Martyn. These can, however, be at once discriminated from the ref- 420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XIX. erences to the real Martyn by the numbers cited for figures, which are invariably larger than 160. F The latest volume of Martini referred to is III, 1777, although nine volumes of the Cabinet had appeared by 1786. Dryander, Bibl. Banksiana, IH, p. 319, 1796; V, p. 347, 1800. The Universal Conchologist in english and french. Vol. I, pagg. 27, tab. ene color. 40. London, 1784, fol. obl. Norre.—Dryander took charge of the Banksian Library in 1782 in succession to Solander. He is generally regarded as a very accurate person, though the above title is far from impeccable. It is somewhat odd, considering the relations mentioned between Banks and Martyn, that the library of the former should contain only the first forty plates of the Universal Conchologist, and leads one to wonder if Solander’s loyalty to Linnzeus and Martyn’s rejection of the Linnean classification of shells had anything to do with it. Maton and Rackett, Linn. Trans., 1804. Thomas Martin, Universal Conchologist, London, vol. 1, 1784; vol. 2, 1786, fol., with 160 most elegant plates. Norr.—It would appear from the above that Maton and Rackett. regarded as a ‘“volume,’’ not the 40 plates so denominated in Martyn’s own introduction, but the 80 plates which were bound actually into a volume, as in one I have seen in an apparently contemporaneous binding. They are not alone in this view, and it would follow that, if their citation be correct, plates 1-80 appeared in 1784 and 81-160 in 1786. Dillwyn, Rec. Shells, vol. I, 1817, p. x. The Universal Conchologist by Thomas Martyn, London, vol. I, 1784, vol. II, 1786. Chenu, Bibl. Conch. lére Ser. tome II, 1845. Reprint of the French text of Martyn’s Introduction and preface, reproduction of his figures on 56 plates, with a brief ‘‘avertissment” by the editor, in which he states that the work was published in Lon- don from 1769 to 1784, in four folio volumes. The rarity of this beautiful work and the style of its execution, he says, have placed it among the most remarkable books of the epoch, but its costliness and rarity are such that it would be easy to mention all the libraries which possess it; thus in Paris it is only found complete in that of M. Benjamin Delessert (of which Chenu was then custodian); the two first volumes alone in the public libraries and those of some rich ama- teurs. A second edition, in quarto, was issued in 1789. ‘Mr. Gray (J. K.), director of the British Museum, has informed me (Chenu) that a fifth volume of the Universal Conchologist exists, but this volume, unfinished by Martyn, has not been published, and the figured species are not even named, so that it forms merely a collection of plates of no scientific interest.” Norr.—We shall show that Chenu’s first date is erroneous. Whether his state- ment that volumes 3 and 4 appeared by 1784 has any foundation in fact is doubt- ful; itis at any rate erroneous. The fifth volume spoken of was doubtless a collection of plates which had been prepared after the issue of volume 4, and were on hand when the decision was made to abandon the publication. Chenu’s work is useful, notwithstanding a certain number of misprints, but it would have been still more so No. 1425. THOMAS MARTYN—DALL. 421 from our standpoint if he had given a careful bibliographic collation of the complete set in the Delessert library. Englemann, Bibl. Hist. Nat., I, 1846, pp. 182, 462. (1) Figures of nondescript shells collected in the several voyages to the South Seas. 2 vols., with 80 col. plates. 4°. London, 1764. (2) The same, with 80 original drawings, exquisitely colored. Atlas in folio. London (Bohn). 18£. (8) The universal conchologist: exhibiting the figure of every known shell, accurately drawn and painted after nature; with a new system- atic arrangement (in engl. and french). 4 vols., with 161 plates, com- prising 322 figures of shells, colour. by the author. gr. broad in folio. London, 1784. (4) Zhe same (in engl. and french). 2 vols., with 160 colour. pl. of shells in roy. 4°. London (1785 oder), 1789. (5) Expose succinct de la nature, de Vorigine et des progrés dun établissement particulier, former pour instruire la jeunesse dans Vart dexpliquer et de peindre des sujets d’histoire naturelle (en Anglais et en Frang.). 4°. London, 1789. Nore.—The date to No. 1 is obviously incorrect and was perhaps a misprint for 1784. The concensus of the references is that the work appeared both in folio and quarto, which, being merely a matter of paper, is not unlikely to be the case. The date of No. 3 was probably taken from the first title-page of the bound volume, the others being overlooked. No. 4 is bound, as usual. in two volumes; the second cor- responds to volumes 3 and 4 of Martyn and appeared not later than 1789, but perhaps in 1786. No. 5 is the preface to this second half of the work and was probably dis- tributed as an advertisement of the whole publication. On the whole, Englemann’s citations give the impression of data obtained at second-hand, with a praiseworthy endeavor to get as much as possible, though unable to verify it in detail. Carpenter, P. P., Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1868, p. 517, 1864. Thomas Martyn, Universal Conchologist, London, 1784. Norre.—Carpenter remarks that those who know this work only from Chenu’s reprint can form but a poor idea of the exquisite beauty of the original. He notes that it may be consulted at the British Museum, Royal Society, and the Royal Col- lege of Surgeons. He cites fifteen northwest American species and gives references to figures in the Conchylien Cabinet, Vols. X and XI, copied from Martyn. Davies Sherborn, Index Anim., 1902, p. xxxvii. I. Martyn, Thos. (zoologist), Univ. Conchologist. 4 vols. fo. Lond. With tables, &e. I. 40 pl. and table. 1784 [not 1769 as often quoted. | II. 40 pl. and table. 1788. Ill. 40 pl. and table. 1789. IV. 40 pls., table, and 2 pls. of medals. 1792 (?). [I have seen a unique example of this book, dated 1789, which con- tains 110 of the 160 plates, bound up with the engraved tT. p. and the Dedication to the King. It is uncoloured, shows the plates to be highly finished mezzotints, and has a label on the cover which reads: ** About 120 plates | of | figures | of | nondescript shells, | collected in 4292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. the Different Voyages to the | South Seas | since the year 1764. | By Thomas Martyn. | Price Two Guineas.” | | Oe Short account of a private establishment. 4°. Lond. 1789. [This is the ‘‘Advert.” found in his ‘* Univ. Conch.” and contains Born’s letters and the plates of medals. | Nore.—Considering the stupendous undertaking upon which Mr. Sherborn is engaged, of which the Index Animalium is only a preliminary instalment, this is doubtless as full an account as could reasonably be expected. We shall show, how- ever, that the dates probably need some revision. The ‘‘unique’’ collection of uncolored plates is perhaps such a gathering as is responsible for Englemann’s entry No. 1, elsewhere alluded to. National Museum, Sectional Library, Div. Moll., 1905. Figures | of | non-descriptshells, | Collected in the different Voyages to the South Seas | since the year 1764. Published by | Thomas Martyn, | And sold at his House, No. 16, Great Marlborough Street, London. | —— | Des | Figures des Coquilles | jusqua présent Incon- nues, recuillies en | Divers Voyages a la Mer du Sud depuis lannée 1764, | et | données au public, par | Thomas Martyn. | — Elles se ven- dent chez lui au No. 16, Great Marlborough Street, Londres. | MDCCLXXXIX. | Large quarto, colored frontispiece, not numbered, exhibiting Zurr7- tella terebra Lam., with the legend A4®POAITH'; engraved titlepage; engraved dedication to the King (George III); engraved plate of medals, as follows: I. Obverse, Pivs. Sextvs. Pont. Max. A. VIII; reverse, Sacra. solem. festo. die. S. Pii. V. Auguste. vindelic. acta. (around the mar- gin); Pius. VI. P. M. presentia | sua. auxit | MDCCLXXXII. Il. Obverse, “Pivs: -Sextvs. Pont: (Max: An: EXs" reverses Sacrarivm. basil. Vaticane.| A. fvndamentis. extrvctivm | An. MDCCLXXXIII. | III. Obverse, Iosephvs II Avgvstvs; reverse, Cvrandis. millitvm. morbis. et. vvIneribvs. Academia medico-chirvrgica institvta. Vienz. MDCCLXXXYV. IV. Obverse, Ferdinandys IV et Mar. Carolina; reverse, Firmvm imperii fvndamentvm. Neap. CIQIQCCLXXVII. This plate is supplied with the following legend: Aurea Numis- mata; | Thome Martyn, Londinense a Principibus donata in testimo- nium | favoris et studi quibus noyum magnum ejus de Conchis opus acceperunt. | 1788. | [ Norr.—The date on medal number IV is probably that of the foundation and not of the donation. ] Second plate of medals: I. Obverse, Carolvs Caroli fil. Philippi Nep. Avgvstvs; reverse, Acclamatio Avgvsta. Matritii XVI. Kal. Febrvarias. MDCCL 2X IEE: a aie Dae a NO. 1425. THOMAS MARTYN—DALL. 423 Il. Obverse, Carolvs III], Rex Catholievs; reverse, Regnorvm regimine svscepto. Matritii XVI. Kal. Febrvarias. MDCCL XXXVIIII. The legend to this plate is the same as to the last, except the date, which is 1792. Two engraved explanatory tables. Bastard title: | The | Universal Conchologist | —— | Le | Conchyliologiste Universel. P. [2]. Introduction [in English, reproduced in French on opposite page, ending page 23, page 24 blank]; page 25, subtitle, ‘‘ Preface,” p- 26 the preface begins as before, English and French, continuing to page 35. Page 36 begins with testimonial letter from Baron von Born, dated Aug. #8, 1787, announcing the receipt of the work and the dispatch of the medal; page 38 continues the reprint of letters, that of June 15th, 1788, acknowledging the receipt of volume second of the shells and proof sheets of the English entomologist; on the opposite pages the text is reproduced in French; page 40 is blank; then follow plates 1 to 80, the plates illustrating one species each and headed fig. 1, etc., instead of plate 1, ete. The two views usually given of each shell are not separately numbered or lettered; the work is delicate etching on copper, colored by hand in the most perfect manner. There is no legend to any of the plates. The total sums up 81 colored plates, two plates of medals, 1 engraved title page and two engraved explanatory tables, with 38 pages of printed text in English and French, plus two blank pages. The col- lection is in an apparently contemporaneous binding of tree calf in one volume, trimmed to 11 by 12% inches. I have gone into what may seem to be excessive detail in regard to the plates of medals, because they have an important bearing on the earliest date of issue of this rare work, as will shortly appear. The copy above described appears to be practically identical with copies in the library of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadel- phia, and of the Zoological Museum at Berlin, the latter being the subject of a paper by E. von Martens. I have, unfortunately, had no opportunity for consulting the origi- nal of the volumes called III and IV by Martyn, and my knowledge of them is confined to the information I have been able to derive from Chenu’s reprint and the literature. However, they are of less importance than volumes I and II. In the absence of an explicit statement from the author as to the date when copies of the first 80 plates were distributed, it becomes necessary to rely upon collateral and circumstantial evidence on this point. We may begin by pointing out that the first and second forty plates both contain illustrations of shells from the northwest coast. of America, chiefly King George’s Sound, on the southwest side of Vancouver Island, better known as Nootka Sound. The expedition of Cook, by which these shells were collected, was the first to collect or explore 424 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. the fauna on this part of the coast. The expedition arrived in Bantry Bay, August, 1780, on its return, and sailed thence for England; so it is evident that these shells could hardly have come into the hands of Martyn for figuring before the autumn of 1780. This fixes a date anterior to which his plates could not have been made, to say nothing of being published. Owing to the manner in which his plates were made, it is obvious that (admitting that they were bound by the pur- chaser, as usual) variations might be expected in the number found between one pair of covers; and that the extra plates of medals were engraved and added to the others without reference to the time when the first regular plates might have been issued. It is admitted on all hands that the first forty plates were issued as early as 1784, and the citations in the Portland Catalogue show that eighty plates were published and in use at the time, April, 1786, when that catalogue was issued; moreover, the bibliography included in it gives only the date 1784 for the whole eighty. Now, Martyn speaks in his preface (p. 34) of his first four medals and states that an engraving of them stands at the head of his preface (also issued separately as an advertisement), and this plate is dated 1788. He also says (p. 26) that at this time it is upwards of seven years since he commenced the design of the work and that a principal inducement was the number of new species he had purchased of several officers ‘‘then lately returned from the Pacific Ocean.” The expedition returned in the autumn of 1780; seven years and a half would, if deducted from 1788, bring his purchases into the first half of the year 1781. Three years and a half from the time of beginning, Martyn tells us, ‘‘upwards of 70 copies of two volumes (80 plates) were finished.” This would bring the date of conclusion to 1784, which agrees with the record. It is highly improbable that any one would proceed in the expensive duplication of copies without to some extent advertising the project, and, in accordance witha custom not yet wholly extinct, it is evident he did so by sending copies to certain dignitaries—the King, the Pope, and various foreign monarchs. The copies were doubtless, in accord- ance with common sense, of the best he had, perhaps finished by his own hand. The testimony of the medals shows that he received a medal for two successive years from Pope Sixtus, which we may assume represented his ‘‘volumes” I and II, or the first and second forty plates, which therefore were in existence, respectively, in 1782 and 1783. After rejecting the bulk of the plates finished by 1784 in order to bring the earlier made ones up to the standard of the later drawings, there is a pause in the sequence of the medals, the next being dated 1785, which would correspond well enough to the time needed to bring the series up to standard. ce a Eee” ee a Te fe a A a a Sl al NO. 1425. THOMAS MARTYN—DALL. 495 A year later if we accept Maton and Dillwyn’s authority, the sece- ond eighty plates was ready. Then, in an endeavor to push the work, stimulate sales and avoid losses, a new preface was written, with a plate showing the medals, and testimonials from Baron Born, the cele- brated custodian of the Imperial Museum at Vienna, a new title-page was engraved, the whole sent out together, or the preface and medal plate as a circular together; and last of all, in 1792 the subsequent medals were engraved for the second plate, in what seems to have been a vain attempt to make the sales pay the expenses. Martyn’s ‘** Psyche,” of which the U.S. National Museum possesses the first two numbers, issued in 1797, though the plates are good, is in a much less ambitious and artistic style of coloring, but even that seems to have died of inanition. I think there is no reason to suppose that any part of the shell plates of the Universal Conchologist were delayed until 1792, the date of the second medal plate, which was probably added to sets in stock as an advertisement. Maton and Rackett, writing in the lifetime of the author, and Dill- wyn, only a few years later than Martyn’s last publication, both state that there were two volumes, one issued in 1784 and the other in 1786, in all containing 160 (really 161) plates. The latter date may have been taken from an advance copy, but in default of other evidence must be allowed to stand. A point to which I wish to urge attention is that Martyn and his bibliographers have not always used the word ‘‘ volume” in the same sense—the work being, as it appears, issued in two batches of eighty plates each, for the most part, and these batches binding conveniently into two volumes. Where Martyn, as in his prospectus, counted forty plates as a volume and the whole as four, his bibliographers have been prone to regard the work, in accordance with the binding, as com- posed of two volumes only. Iam not aware of any other copies of the Universal Conchologist in America than the one I have described and a similar copy in the library of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, but possibly some of those naturalists in Europe who have access to the libraries of Rome, Vienna, Paris, Madrid, or London may be able to furnish at first hand some additions or corrections to the account I have given above. Martyn, like most of the early writers, was ambitious to propose a system of his own, which he intended to give in full, with diagnoses, at the close of the work. Owing to the cessation of publication with the 160th plate, this scheme was never developed. In the two explana- tory tables to the first eighty plates the place in Martyn’s system to which each genus belonged is indicated by a lower-case letter following the trivial name in the first column of the table. In the second eighty 426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. omitted. The plan was given up. The cost of making the work cover all the known species of shells proved prohibitory. The fifth proposed volume, of which Dr. J. E. Gray once possessed some proof plates, was never issued and the system never made public. The only discussion of Martyn’s work as a whole which I have found in the literature is contained in an article by E. von Martens in the Mal- akozoologische Bliitter (VII, pp. 141-148, Aug., 1860). This author does not investigate the question of dates or editions and seems not to have grasped the inwardness of the puzzling arrangement of the lettering on the explanatory plates. He comes to the conclusion, since there are no definitions and since Martyn did not accept some of the Linnean genus names, that, therefore, we should reject Martyn’s names for genera, while his specific names may stand. This conclusion is obviously not in accordance with present methods of treating nomen- clature and can not be accepted. According to our current code of rules for such matters, the names of both categories must stand or fall together. In the main Martyn accepted the Linnean generic names. Marsh’s numbers. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXIX—No. 1426. Proc, N. M, vol. xxix—05——28 433 434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Nationat Museum exhibit at the Pan-American Exposition” in Buffalo. Because of the general interest aroused by this reproduction, Dr. George P. Merrill, head curator of geology of the National Museum, conceived the idea that the original specimen would be not only an attractive but an instructive addition to the paleontological division of the Museum, and it has been largely through his enthusiasm and encouragement that the specimen was at last ready for exhibition. The skeleton as mounted is standing ona base of artificial matrix, calculated to represent the color and texture of the Laramie sandstone in which the remains of these animals are found. From the tip of the beak to the end of the tail the skeleton as restored is 19 feet 8 inches in length. The skull, which is 6 feet long, equals nearly one-third of this length. At the highest point (the top of the sacrum) it is 8 feet 2 inches above the base. The mounted skeleton presents several features which would otherwise be lost to the observer if seen in the disarticulated condition. The short body cavity, the deep thorax, the massive limbs, and the turtle-like flexure of the anterior extremities are characters only appreciated in the mounted skeleton. The position of the fore limbs in the present mount appears rather remarkable for an animal of such robust pro- portions, but a study of the articulating surfaces of the several parts precludes an upright mammalian type of limb, as was represented by Marsh in the original restoration. Moreover, a straightened form of leg would so elevate the anterior portion of the body as to have made it a physical impossibility for the animal to reach the ground with its head. The fore feet are perhaps the most conjectural part of the whole restoration. Mr. Hatcher, after a careful study of all of the fore- foot material known, was unable to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion as to the arrangement of the bones or the number of digits compris- ing the manus. In constructing these parts we have followed Marsh’s drawing, assisted somewhat by fore-foot material kindly loaned by Dr. H. F. Osborn, of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City. The nasal horn of the skull used in the present skeleton appears to be missing, and on account of the unsatisfactory evidence as to whether the horn is wholly or only partly gone, it was decided not to attempt a restoration at this time. This will account for the absence of one of the important features upon which the name of the animal. is based, 7riceratops meaning three-horn face, in allusion to the pres- ence of the two large horns above the eyes and the third smaller horn on the nose. «This papier restoration has since been exhibited at the expositions in Charleston, South Carolina, and St. Louis, Missouri, and is now in the Portland Exposition in Oregon. ae a a RS I PT I A OE eS NO. 1426. SKELETON OF TRICERATOPS PRORSUS—GILMORE. 435 It may be of interest to mention here that Prof. O. C. Marsh used this skeleton (No. 4842), supplemented by other remains now pre- served in the collections of the Yale Museum, for the basis of his restoration of Triceratops prorsus, published as Plate LX XI in the Dinosaurs of North America.“ Plates LXIV-LXVIII in the same work were also largely reproductions of parts of this same individual. A comparison of the above restoration by Marsh with the mounted skeleton (see Plates I and II) shows several differences in points of structure, due chiefly to the better understanding of these extinct forms. The most striking dissimilarity is in the shortening of the trunk by a reduction of the number of presacral vertebrae. Marsh’s error was due to an overestimate of the length of this region, a mis- take also made in his restoration of Brontosaurus (Apatasaurus), as has been shown by Riggs.? Mr. Hatcher determined, from a well- preserved vetebral column in the Yale Museum, the number of pre- sacrals as twenty-one, this being six less than ascribed to the animal by Marsh. At the time of his death Mr. Hatcher had about completed a mono- graph on the Ceratopsia for the United States Geological Survey. This report was begun some years before by the late Professor Marsh, but after his untimely demise it fell to the lot of the collector of this material to finish it. In studying all of the specimens pre- served in the museums of this country, Hatcher was able to make several corrections in the structure.of this animal, as originally figured by Marsh. These discoveries, as far as known, have been embodied in the present mount, though-it must be understood there are many points in the structure yet to be determined. The skeleton was mounted by the present writer, being very ably assisted by Mr. Norman Boss, but the author alone must be held responsible for whatever anatomical inaccuracies may be detected in the reconstruction. 4 Included in the Sixteenth Annual Report of the U. 8. Geological Survey. bScience, n. s., X VII, March 6, 1903. ¢Mr. Hatcher’s manuscript has recently been placed in the hands of Dr. R. 8S. Lull, of Amherst College, who will attend to its final preparation for publication. “ PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX_ PL. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM U. “WNASNI IWNOILVN “MOIA JUOIT S1O}IBND-v9I1 YL ‘S ‘A AHL NI SNSYOUd SdOLVHSOIN] JO NOL314xS PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “MOLA PUL SIOIIRUD-doIU J, “WNASNIA IVNOILVN “S ‘FQ AHL NI SNSHOUd SdOLVHROIN | 4O NOLSISHS FIVE NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN PLANTS. By J. N. Ross, Associate Curator, Division of Plants. The new species of Dahlia and Polianthes described below have flowered recently in the greenhouse of the Department of Agriculture, and, as both are soon to be distributed, it is desirable to have their names published at once. The new species of //ewchera is published so that it may appear ina forthcoming number of the North American Flora. The new Parnassia is the first species of the genus reported from Mexico. The Wolina here described has long been known in our collections under a wrong name. The type specimen of each of these species is in the United States National Herbarium. POLIANTHES ELONGATA Rose, sp. nov. Bulb 12 to 35 mm. in diameter covered with light-brown scales; stem 80 to 90 em. high, glabrous throughout, reddish at base, glaucous above; basal leaves elongated, oblanceolate, 30 cm. long, 10 to 12 mm. broad near the apex, green, hardly if at all glaucous, flat above, trough-shaped below; stem leaves 6 or 7, much reduced above, becom- ing bract-like; raceme of 20 or more pairs of flowers; bracts ovate- linear, acuminate, as long as the pedicels, 10 to 15 mm. long, reddish; corolla red, slender, 2 cm. long, bent just above the base almost at right angles with the axis of the ovary; lobes short, rounded, some- what spreading; stamens attached to the perianth near its base; anthers 6mm. long, their tips just projecting from the mouth of the perianth; styles finally projecting a short distance beyond the mouth of the perianth. . Collected by Frederick Chisholm from Hacienda de Trinidad, Arcelia, Guerrero, June, 1904 (Section Plant Intro. Dept. Agr., no. 11260). PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIX—No. 1427. 437 438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, NOLINA ALTAMIRANOANA Rose, sp. nov. Trunk 2 to 8 meters high, crowned by a rosette of ascending leaves; leaves 40 to 60 cm. long, 7 em. broad at insertion, 2 cm. broad a little above the base, thence gradually tapering into a long slender acumi- nation, pale green, the margin serrulate; inflorescence | to 2 meters long, forming a much-branched panicle; bracts subtending the flowers very thin and papery; perianth of male flowers with obtuse segments; female flowers with the 38 outer perianth segments persistent, scarious-margined; fruiting pedicles slender, jointed near the base, glabrous; fruit 3-lobed, a little broader than high, the walls very thin, 3-celled, each cell 2-ovuled; seeds nearly globular. Known only from the Valley of Mexico. Specimens examined : Mountains of Guadalupe, M. Bourgeau, 1865-1866 (no. 520). Slopes of Rio Hondo Canyon, C. G. Pringle, April 22, 1898 (no. 6787). Bluff above Santa Fe, C. G. Pringle, March 23, 1899 (no. 8060, type); J. N. Rose, July 11, 1901 (no. 5388). Certain specimens of this species were taken by Mr. Baker to be one of his varieties of B. recurvata or the equivalent of Lemaire’s B. stricta, and by Mr. Hemsley to be his Wolina recurvata. The habits of these plants, however, are very different indeed. The one here described as new never has a swollen base; the leaves are not very long, are rather stiff, and are not drooping except in age. PARNASSIA MEXICANA Rose, sp. nov. Petioles of the basal leaves slender, 2 to 4 cm. long; blades oblong, obtuse, cuneate at base, 4 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. broad; scape 30 to 35 cm. high; bract ovate, obtuse, borne below the middle of the scape; sepals oblong, obtuse, 5 to 7-nerved, 7 mm. long; petals oblong, 12 mm. long, 5-nerved, fimbriate towards the base; filaments stout; stamjnodial scale broad, with several long gland-tipped filaments. Collected by C. H. T. Townsend and C. M. Barber, in the Sierra Madre near Chuichupa, Chihuahua, September 6, 1889 (no. 431). This species is probably nearest P. ¢ntermedia, but it has very different leaves. HEUCHERA ACUTIFOLIA Rose, sp. nov. Perennial, with strong, erect or ascending rootstock; flowering branches 30 to 50 em. high, green, slightly hairy below, above some- what glandular-puberulent; blades of the basal leaves 3 to 6 cm. wide, cordate, somewhat 3 to 5 lobed, the lobes triangular and more or less acute, when young very pubescent on both sides, sharply toothed, the teeth tipped with long hairs; petioles usually much longer than the blades, sometimes 10 cm. long, densely clothed with long spreading No, 1427. NEW PLANTS FROM MEXICO—ROSE. 439 hairs; stipules broad, the free portion obtuse; pedicels bearing sessile glands; hypanthium whitish or rose-colored, the sepals 3 to + mm. long; sepals broadly oblong, green at the rounded obtuse tip; petals white, narrowly linear-oblanceolate, about twice as long as the sepals; stamens and styles long-exserted. Collected by C. G. Pringle at Trinidad, on the border of the States of Puebla and Hidalgo, 1904 (no. 8806). DAHLIA CHISHOLMI Rose, sp. nov. Stems 1 to 2 meters high, simple at base, but with long slender branches above; leafy part of stem 5 to 7 cm. long, bearing 4 or 5 pairs of closely set leaves, very hispid, upper part smooth, almost naked, glaucous and purplish; leaves very variable either simple or with 3 to 5 leaflets, very hispid on both sides, like the lower part of the stem, strongly serrate, acute, the terminal leaflet cuneate at base; peduncle 20 to 40 cm. long, slender; flowers few; outer bracts of involucre 5, reflexed, green, ovate; inner bracts 8, erect; rays 8, a deep brick red, oblong, 25 mm. long, spreading at right angles with the disk. Collected by Frederick Chisholm on Hacienda de Trinidad, near Arcelia, Guerrero, in 1904, and flowered in the greenhouse of the Department of Agriculture in November, 1904 (no. 10573); also sent from Guadalajara (station not mentioned) in 1904, and flowered in May, 1905 (no. 9884, type). TWO NEW UMBELLIFEROUS PLANTS FROM THE COASTAL PLAIN OF GEORGIA. By J. N. Ross, Associate Curator, Division of Plants. The two new plants described below were collected by Mr. Roland M. Harper in the course of his extensive study of the flora of Georgia. The new genus, which I have founded upon one of them and have named in Mr. Harper’s honor, isa very peculiar one. The fruit much resembles that of Carwm, while the leaves are reduced to hollow-jointed phyllodia somewhat like those of Oxypolis filiformis, but in other respects the plant is unlike both. BAR PE RAS ROoSse, Gen. novi Calyx teeth present, small, persistent. Fruit flattened laterally, shortly oblong in outline, rounded at both ends, glabrous; carpels hardly flattened, terete or somewhat angled in section; ribs rather prominent for the size of fruit, equal; stylopodia conical; styles slen- der. Ojil-tubes solitary in the intervals, two on the commissural side. Seeds nearly terete in section. A smooth aquatic perennial without normal leaves but bearing instead slender terete-jointed phyllodia, with very inconspicuous invyo- lucre and involucral bractlets, and white petals. HARPERIA NODOSA Rose, sp. nov. Stems erect, branching, fluted, 100 to 120 em. high; basal and lower stem leaves 20 to 40 cm. long; peduncles slender, 2 to 4 cm. long; rays 5 to 15. Collected by Roland M. Harper, in shallow exsiccated pond near Ellaville, Schley County, Georgia, July 10, 1902, in fruit (no. 1411, type); and in large shallow pine-barren pond between Pinehurst and Unadilla, Dooly County, May 21, 1904, in flower (no. 2220). The type sheet is no. 514914 in the U. S. National Herbarium. Explanation of plate I1/.—F¥ig. a, plant, natural size; 4, fruit; c, cross section of carpel—é and ¢ enlarged ten times. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIX—No. 1428. 441 449 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIx. The following note about this plant and its distribution is furnished me by Mr. Harper: ‘* Both localities are in the costal plain, and within 35 miles of each other, but in quite different surroundings, the former being outside of the pine-barren region (which in Georgia comprises approximately the lower three-fourths of the coastal plain) and the latter just within. The plant is quite abundant at both places, especially at the second, where I first noticed it from a moving train. Suspecting it to be the new genus, I went back the next day and collected it. Oxypolis jili- forms, Which has about the same adaptations to environment—i. e., terete bladeless leaves—grew with it there, but as it (Oxypol/s) flowers about two months later the two plants are not likely to be confused. The new plant must be very local in its distribution, for I have explored every county in the coastal plain of Georgia more or less without meeting with it elsewhere.” ZIZIA ARENICOLA Rose, sp. nov. Stems slender, 40 to 60 cm. tall, sparingly branched above; basal leaves long-petioled, once to twice ternate, the two lower first divi- sions often simple and long-stalked; stem leaves few, similar to the basal but more reduced; leaflets lanceolate to orbicular often rounded at apex, coarsely toothed or crenate; rays few, nearly erect, sub- equal, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long; fruit oblong, 4 to 4.5 mm. long. Collected by Roland M. Harper, at base of sand hills of Ochlock- nee Creek near Moultrie, Colquitt County, Georgia, August 22, 1903 (no. 1940, type), and in rather dry sandy woods southeast of Americus, Sumter County, Georgia, June, 1897, and July 8, 1901 (no. 1020). This species comes nearest Z/z/a bebbii but differs in having more compact umbels, shorter rays, and larger and more elongated as well as differently shaped fruit. Then, too, Z. bebb77 is principally a moun- tain species, preferring cool shaded situations, while this one grows in exposed sandy places in the Atlantic coastal plain at an altitude of about 90 meters. Mr. Harper, who collected this species, agrees with me in consider- ing it distinct, saying in part: *‘ From phytogeographical considera- tions alone I should think it would be reasonable to separate nos. 1020 and 1940 from Zizia bebbii.” | ) ‘ | | ‘ 9 ( ON Attn YR, Ae My 4) NW AMON y SY | <\ WY WV | AN \ MMA 7, WY Wan LF VA VILLE. GZ aa ——————————————— =z Sass OS A ———————_— AZ Za SS= ———— ee EEE = ee SS eee —S—— Se DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE MEXICAN VIOLETS. By J. N. Rosr and H. D. Houser, Of the Division of Plants. Although the number of known violets in Mexico is comparatively small, the few that have been observed are not well understood. Those who have been studying the Mexican flora have long wished for a revision of the species. In the United States National Herbarium considerable material has been brought together for this purpose, but much more is needed before a satisfactory presentation can be made. It is hoped that much information will be obtained by Mr. Rose in his field work the present season in Mexico. The following notes, how- ever, need not be held for the formal paper which we hope to present at some future time. VIOLA FLAGELLIFORMIS Hemsley.@ Excellent specimens of this rare species have recently been collected at Alvarez in the region of San Luis Potosi and distributed by Dr. Edward Palmer (no. 117, 1902). The type of V. flagelliformis is Palmev’s no. 1033, collected in 1879, ‘*en route from San Luis Potosi to Tampico.” Veola pubescens Ait.” is credited to Mexico by Hemsley ¢ upon the strength of Parry & Palmer’s no. 36, collected in the region of San Luis Potosi in 1878, which, however, proves to be identical with the present species. V. flagelliformis is densely pubescent with spreading hairs; the root leaves are conspicuous by their number, long petioles, and large orbicular-reniform blades. It differs in many important particulars from the northern V. pubescens, but is more nearly related to that than to the following new species from the higher altitudes of central Mexico. VIOLA PAINTERI Rose & House, sp. nov. Caulescent; apparently glabrous but more or less puberulent as seen under the lens; stems 2 to 5 froma slender, vertical, perennial «Hemsley, Biol. Cent. Am. Bot. 1: 49. 1879. b Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 290. 1789. ¢ Hemsley, |. ¢. 51. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEuM, VOL. XXIX—No. 1429. 443 444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. root, spreading or ascending, 6 to 20 cm. long; stem leaves 3 to 8, ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, shallowly cordate, acute, dark green, paler beneath, the margins irregularly but not conspicuously crenate-dentate, petioles longer than the blades, the lower ones longest; root leaves few or none, small, rounded-ovate, crenate; stipules somewhat toothed, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, 4.5 to 8 mm. long; pedicels filiform, equaling or exceeding the blades, 3 to 9 cm. long, bibracteo- late above the middle with linear bractlets; sepals glabrous, linear- lanceolate, acute, 6 to 7mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. broad at the base, the auricles very short, rounded or subtruncate; petals bright yellow, veined and the two upper strongly tinged with reddish-brown, equal, 8 to 10 mm. long, the odd petal broadly spatulate and truncate or somewhat emarginate, the paired petals obovate-lanceolate, the lateral pair with truncate ends, the upper pair with rounded ends; capsules subglobose-ovoid, 8 to 9 mm. long, slightly exceeding the spreading sepals. Specimens examined: Hidalgo: Sierra de Pachuca, Rose & Painter, September 1, 1903 (no. 6731), sheet no, 450286 in the U. S. National Herbarium (type); Rose & Hay, 1901 (no. 5580); Rose & Hough, 1899 (no. 4470). Mexico: Sierra de las Cruces, under firs, 3,030 meters, C. G. Pringle, 1892 (no. 4193) and 1903 (no. 11373); near Salazar, Rose & Painter, 1903 (nos. 6999 and 8028); near Cima, Rose & Painter, 1903 (no. 7161). All of the specimens examined are from an altitude of about 3,000 meters or more in the States of Mexico and Hidalgo. The species is usually found under firs. Explanation of plate 1V.—Fig. a, plant two-thirds natural size; 6, petals, natural size. VIOLA PRINGLEI Rose & House, nom. nov. V. reptans Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 27: 165.1892, not V. reptans Presl. in Reichb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. 705.1830-32. From its stoloniferous character and white flowers, V. pringled is related, but by no means closely, to V. dlanda Willd.¢ of the north- ern United States and Canada. The type of V. reptans Robinson, and therefore of V. pringle?, was collected by C. G. Pringle near Patzcuaro, Michoacan, November, 1890 (no. 3591) and is in the Gray Herbarium. Pringle’s no. 4148, 1892, from the same locality is identical. « Willdenow, Hort. Berol. pl. 24. 1806. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. IV VIOLA PAINTER! ROSE AND HOUSE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 443, - a a a a cca) ml - 7 £ . - # ‘ 2 2 = > + DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF LIVONECA FROM THE COAST OF PANAMA. By Harrier RIcHARDSON, Collaborator, Division of Marine Invertebrates. The species to be described below was collected in Panama by Dr. W.L. Jones in 1885. The type and only specimen is in the collection of the University of Pennsylvania. LIVONECA CONVEXA, new species. Body twice as long as wide, 9 mm.: 18 mm. Head wider than long, 2 mm. long:3 mm. wide at the base. The anterior end is 2 mm. wide and is roundly truncate. The posterior margin is widely rounded, with a slight indication of a small median lobe. The eyes are small, round, and vanishing, but still distinct. The first pair of antenne are separated by a distance of 13 mm. They are composed of seven articles and extend one-fourth the length of the first thoracic segment. The second pair of antenne are composed of nine articles and extend to the middle of the first thoracic segment. The first and fourth tho- racic segments are each about 15 mm. long. The second and third segments Fig. 1.—LIVONECA CON- VEXA. xX 3. are shorter than the first and Fig. 2.—LIVONECA CONVEXA. SEVENTH LEG. xX 11}. fourth and are subequal, each being 1 mm. in length. The last three are about equal in length and are the longest, each being 2 mm. long. ‘The epimera are present on all the segments, with the exception of the first, and extend the full length of the lateral margins. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIX—No. 1430. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05 29 445 446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. All six segments of the abdomen are distinct. The sixth or terminal segment is very convex. There is a depressed line at the base. The posterior margin is rounded. The uropoda extend some distance beyond the extremity of the terminal abdominal segment. The inner distal angle of the peduncle reaches the extremity of the terminal abdominal segment. The branches are about equal in length, each being 15 mm. long, and extend almost their entire length beyond the terminal segment of the abdomen. The inner branch is wider than the outer branch and rounded posteriorly, while the outer branch is acutely pointed. Both branches in the normal position lie folded under the abdomen. The seven pairs of legs are prehensile. There is a low rounded ‘arina on the basis of the last four pairs. Only one specimen, a female, was collected at Panama by Dr. W. L. Jones in 1885. The type is in the University of Pennsylvania. ey THE BREEDING HABITS AND THE SEGMENTATION OF THE EGG OF THE PIPEFISH, SIPHOSTOMA FLORIDA. By EuGenrt Wiis GuDGER, Of the Johns Hopkins University. INTRODUCTION. Through the kindness of Prof. W. K. Brooks, it was made possible for me to go to Beaufort, North Carolina, in the summer of 1902, and while there I began, at his suggestion, to collect material for the development of the head skeleton of the pipefish. I soon found young embryos and segmenting eggs, and, wishing to take up the embryology of this fish, I deferred the former work till a later date. The collecting of further material and the observations on the breeding habits were made at Beaufort during the summers of 1903 and 1904, when, with running sea water at hand, the difficulties necessarily attendant on this work were materially reduced. This preliminary work was done in the laboratory of the United States Bureau of Fisheries at Beaufort, North Carolina. Iam indebted to the Commissioner, Hon. George M. Bowers, for the opportunity to make use of the most excellent facilities at hand there. To the director, Dr. Caswell Grave, I am under obligations for many helpful suggestions. The further work was done in the biological laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University. To Prof. W. K. Brooks, Lam very grate- ful for the interest taken in my work and for advice and direction. Talso wish to thank Dr. E. A. Andrews and Dr. Caswell Grave for advice in overcoming the technical difficulties of my work. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Male pipefishes with full pouches were brought into the laboratory, and there the upper end of the pouch was opened with forceps and a few eggs removed and put under the microscope. If these were ina stage wanted, the head of the fish was cut off, the flaps of the pouch shit open with scissors and removed (frequently bringing eggs with them), and the eges removed by tearing with needles the tissue binding PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIX—No. 1431. we ( 448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. them down. If the eggs were too young, the fish was put back in run- ning water and examined again later, although it rarely survived a second operation unless the eggs were newly laid and hence came out sasily. This is a wasteful process, since many eggs are spoiled in removing them. The obtaining of a series of eggs and embryos of Siphostoma is « long, slow, and laborious task and is quite as much the result of chance as of skill and knowledge. A variety of killing fluids has been used. The oil drops under the germ disk were so blackened by osmic acid and Flemming’s fluid that these reagents could not be used. Acetic alcohol, Kleinenberg, sublimate-acetic, picro-acetic, all gave good blastoderms, but the yolks generally went to pieces. Excellent results were obtained with fresh Perenyi, 10 per cent, and 20 per cent formalin, and, for later stages, Gilson’s and Worcester’s fluids. This latter is one of the best fluids for killing teleostean eggs with which Iam acquainted. It is composed of saturated sublimate in 10 per cent formalin, 90 parts; glacial acetic, 10 parts. The eggs are left in this from thirty to sixty minutes, washed in water, run up into 70 per cent alcohol, and the excess of sublimate removed with iodin. The eggs, bound up in masses when taken from the watery killing fluids, were sometimes put into a 10 per cent solution of hypochlorite of sodium or potassium to soften the connective tissue and the trans-: parent egg membranes. Over-exposure to these fluids was very hurtful to the blastoderms, and generally the eges were run up into 70 per cent alcohol and the shells removed with needles. The younger blastoderms were picked off the yolks and sectioned, but the protoplasmic processes from the periblast made it 4mpracticable to get the blastoderms in late stages away whole. These eggs were cut whole, and for this purpose those killed in Perenyi’s fluid, on account of their soft yolks, were especially good. The volks of eggs killed in formalin, if kept in alcohol long, tend to become hard, hence they should be gotten into paraffin as quickly as possible. In order to orient whole eggs in the paraffin it is necessary to stain them. By putting them in full strength borax-carmine for from one to two minutes, the embryonic tissues take the stain before the yolks, and there result red blastoderms on yellow yolks. The eges were embedded in paraftin, and sections cut from 5 to 10 microns thick and stained either in Mayer’s hemalum or Heidenhain’s iron hematoxylin. The former gave such beautiful preparations and was so easy to manage that it was almost exclusively used. HABITAT. Pipefishes are found in all the warm and temperate oceans of the world, but are not exclusively marine. Day (1865) reports that Syng- nathus argyrostictus ascends rivers in Cochin China miles above tide No. 1431. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 449 limits. Again (1878), he finds that S. sprczfer, Ichthyocampus carce, and three species of Doryichthys go up the rivers of India. Duncker (1904) reports Doryichthys boaja and fluviatilis in the rivers of the Malayan Peninsula. Such are some of many records. In the harbor at Beaufort, in quiet shallow waters where there are muddy bottoms, forests of Zostera abound and in them the pipefishes live. By fishing in these with a fine-meshed seine, they may be caught in considerable numbers. It may be well to note that the color of these fishes changes with the seaweeds among which they may be found. WS. florid among tufts of muddy eelgrass is dark green, but put into aquaria with Codium or Ulva it becomes bright green. S. fuscum is ordinarily of a muddy brown color, but several specimens caught in a tide pool filled with red seaweed were brick red in color, and from this were thought to be a new species. THE LITERATURE ON THE REPRODUCTION OF THE LOPHOBRANCHS. The history of the progress of our knowledge of the sexual charac- ters, breeding habits, and embryonic structures of the Lophobranchs has never been fully written. Duméril, in his Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, published in 1870, and Smitt, in his revision in 1895 of A History of Scandinavian Fishes, give imperfect accounts. In the course of my work on Siphostoma floride, | have read all the papers to which I have found reference, and it seems of interest and value to put the facts into systematic order. It is a pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to Dr. Theodore Gill, of the Smithsonian Institution, who has generously given me of his time and assistance. It is safe to say that had I not had the benefit of his encyclopsdic knowledge of fish literature this chapter would never have been written. I wish also to thank Dr. M. L. Raney, assistant librarian Johns Hopkins University, for his kindness in procuring for me the large amount of literature not found in our library. For our earliest knowledge of the pipefish, the Ge/one of the Greeks and the Acus of the Romans, we must go back to Aristotle, in the third century B.C. Aristotle’s observations were singularly accurate when one considers the erroneous opinions held by scientists as late as 1830. In Book VI, chapter 12, he says: ‘* That fish which is called Belone, at the season of reproduction, bursts asunder, and in this way the ova escape; for this fish has a division beneath the stomach and bowels like the serpents called typhline. When it has produced its ova it survives and the wound heals up again.” Again, in Book VI, chapter 16: ‘‘ The Belone is late in producing its young and many of them are burst by their ova in the act of parturition, for these ova are 450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. not so numerous as they are large.” In Book V, chapter 9, he says ‘** Belone breeds in winter.” Pliny the Elder, in the first century A. D. in his Natural History, - Book IX, chapter 26, simply repeats Aristotle and does not seem to have made any personal observations. Not so, however, Claudius Aelianus, a Roman of about 200 A. D., whose book On the Nature of Animals was written in Greek. In Book IX, section 60, he writes: ‘*Since the Sea Belone are small and have the uterus unfit for holding their offspring, they do not bear the increase of the fetuses within, but burst, and in this way do not pro- duce but throw out their young.” He seems, however, to have been acquainted with Aristotle’s writings. For nearly fourteen hundred years no further references are to be found. There is a blank until 1554, when Rondelet published his epoch-making ‘‘De Piscibus Marinis.” In Book VIII he describes the long slit which progresses backward from the anus and in which the eggs are placed. He says Syngnathus acus casts the eggs into this slit and keeps them there for some time, and he declares that he saw excluded from the pouch, which is formed on the female, many fetuses with perfect parts. He testifies that, after exclusion of the fetuses, the edges of the slit coalesce. Couch quotes him that three separate deposits “of eggs were made in one pouch, and that this took place in early winter, and that these eggs were unequally developed, some nearly ready for hatching and others barely showing eyes and snout— but this has not been verified. Rondelet studied the fishes alive in the water and his observations are very accurate, barring the one error as to the sex of the pouch-bearing fish. This error, however, was per- petuated for nearly three hundred years and was only overthrown after a controversy which lasted from 1831 to 1872. Conrad Gessner, whose great Thierbuch was published in Zurich in 1563, describes the slit which the female bears, and says that it is filled with eggs in the winter. This is evidently an echo of Rondelet. Aldroyandi (1613), however, is more explicit as to the structure of the pouch, for he says it is made of a fold of skin on each side so that the badly can be distended when the fish is pregnant. Artedi (1738) says that the females are easily known from the males by the large oblong sac, which extends behind the anus to the dimin- ishing part of the tail, and in which many ova are held. He thinks the pipefishes are viviparous, since fetuses are found in the pouch alive. Evidently he deems this pouch an internal structure. Pallas, in 1767, speaks of finding ova protruding from the longitudi- nal slit on the belly of the mother, and wonders if the male hasa simi- lar sac. He does not understand how the sperms are transferred, wonders if sperms are used to fecundate the eggs, and, since he finds No.1431. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 451 only females with eggs, doubts if there are any males. In short, he seems to think that the fishes are hermaphrodite. ‘The works of Willoughby (1786) and Cavolini (1787) are not at hand, but references to them indicate that they added nothing of value to the discoveries of Rondelet. The first real discovery since the time of Rondelet was made by John Walcott, who in 1784-85 described the ‘‘ false belly” found under the tail of the ege-bearing fish as being always and only on the male fish. His words deserve quotation. ‘*‘The male differs from the female in the belly from the vent to the tail fin being much broader and in bay- ing, for about two-thirds of its length, two soft flaps which fold together and form’a false belly. They breed in summer, the females casting their roe into the false belly of the male. This I can assert from having examined many and having constantly found only in the summer roe in those without a false belly, but never in those with one, and on opening them later in the summer, there has been no roe in those which I have termed female, but only in the false belly of the male.” This discovery was buried in Walcott’s manuscript History of British Fishes until it was found by Yarrell and made known in his work of the same title published in 1836. Pallas, in 1831, speculates as to whether the mothers recover from the rupture of the belly in parturition, and, finding only females in the Baltic Sea, is confirmed in his idea that the fishes are hermaphrodite. In this same year the Swedish naturalist, Eckstroem, writing from information obtained at first hand, at Skiirgiird, on Syngnathus acus, started a controversy which lasted forty years. He declares that the male only possesses the pouch and bears the eggs, that a regular copu- lation takes place which must be repeated several times, that the pouch becomes filled with a clear white mucus in which the eggs are imbed- ded and on which the embryos will later be nourished. He writes that in fall and winter the covers of the pouch are depressed and its mucous contents very greatly diminished. He finds that many eggs are lost in transfer, that the females are generally larger than the males, and in number about ten to one of the latter. He concludes that fertilization takes place in the pouch. The work of the writer on the pipefishes of Beaufort confirms Eckstroem in all respects save that the difference in relative numbers of the two sexes is not so great. Eekstroem explicitly describes how a male S. acws, which he had put into a small pool of water, bent its body so that the tail described a curve with the bow downward. This caused the lips of the pouch to open and the young came out and swam about in the water. On being disturbed, the father bent the body as before and the young crept back into the marsupium. This was repeated several times. One is loth to think that so excellent an observer as Eckstroem is in error, but no one has ever seen this phenomenon since. Later writers 4592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXix: quote him, or say ‘‘fishermen report.” It certainly is not true of the pipefishes of Beaufort. In the dozens of cases in which males were delivered of young in aquaria there, the parent and the young paid no attention to each other, the latter swimming about uncon- cernedly even when the father was caught with the hand and trans- ferred to another tank. For Syngnathus ophidion, this observer declares that it is the male which carries the eggs glued to the belly, and that if the fish is killed the eggs come away easily ina mass. The latter is true of S/phostoma floride, and Rathke reports the same for the Black Sea species. 5 Eckstroem was ignorant of Walcott’s work and is due the credit for _ discovering (1) that the male carries the eggs, (2) that there is a copula- tion several times repeated, (3) that the embryosare nourished while in the pouch—though not as he thought. When published, Eckstroem’s results started a great controversy, and he asked his friend Retzius to undertake an independent investigation. This the latter did, by dis- section, in 1833, and emphatically declared that Eckstroem was cor- rect, that it is the male fish only which carries the eggs, and he won- dered that anybody ever thought otherwise. In 1836, Yarrell made known Walcott’s discovery and confirmed it from his own dissections of S. acus. He agrees with Walcott that the young begin to breed when 3% inches long. The youngest Siphostoma with a pouch, which the writer has seen, was 43 inches long and was laden with eggs. Walcott, Eckstroem, and Yarrell were the first naturalists who broke away from the statements of the older writers and investigated for themselves. In 1836, Rathke described from dissections the sexual organs of S. variegatus from the Black Sea. He excised the ovary of a fish bearing eggs and described round bodies projecting on the inner walls of the tubes. These he thought to be eggs in their follicles. In the various forms of the Lophobranchs, however, the ovary contains a nearly central raphe, from which eggs are budded off in a spiral, and, even in a very young ovary, the eggs are of a yellow-red color. See- tions of a testis reveal just such large vesicular cells as he has reported. He described the skin-folds of the pouch as being resorbed at the end of the breeding season, and correctly located the genital opening of both sexes on the hinder edge of the anus. Rathke’s larger and more important paper on the Syngnathids of the Black Sea appeared in the following year (1837), and while his results are different from those of any other observer save Marcusen, they are given with such careful attention to details that one must give them some credence. He reports that the pouch is formed de novo each breeding season and at its end is atrophied. He gives sections through the tail to show this and declares that he has seen this change many times. According to his figures, however, the horny dermal No. 1431. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 4538 armature grows downward to help form the sides of this pouch (so in S. florid), and it is hard to understand how this can undergo the changes above noted. Rathke thinks that since the anus in his fishes (S. vardegatus, buccu- lentus, and argentatus) is inclosed in the upper end of the pouch, the egos glide out of the oviduct and into the pouch accompanied by an albuminous fluid, which on contact with the water cements the lips of the pouch together. He finds that the interior of the pouch is like a * hlermhaut,” and that finally, through the great development of the tapillaries, it becomes ‘‘ like an inflamed mucous membrane.” In the ovaries, lying in an albuminous fluid, he finds large whcte cells, which when put into water become tightly stretched. In some individuals with cells, like the above, free in the lumen of the ovary, he finds not the least trace of a pouch; others have the skin under the tail very much thickened into angles at the outside, and others have broad folds. Hence he concludes that the ripening of the eggs and the formation of the pouch keep pace with one another. Rathke thinks Eckstroem’s discoveries need confirmation, since no other fish in the world possesses such a peculiar testis. He positively affirms that, even if his opponent be correct, the females at the breed- ing season possess the rudiments of a pouch. His great objections to Eekstroem’s discovery are (1) that the fishes have no organs to hold themselves together during the transfer; (2) that he can not conceive how the skin folds can open for the reception of eggs and close again, nor how the brood cavity can become filled with eggs to the very end. My own discoveries make these points clear. Rathke confirms the Swedish naturalist that, in addition to the yolk, the liquid filling the brood pouch serves as nourishment for the embryos, and thinks that they absorb it through both skin and mouth. His description of the development of the larvee is very full and cor- rect. Noteworthy is his discovery that at first the entire operculum is free and that it begins to grow fast to the other parts in the antero- ventral region and the closing proceeds posteriorly and dorsally. In 1838, Valentin (reference from Marcusen not verified) described females bearing pouches, thus confirming Rathke. In the same year Fries, without entering into the controversy, accepted Eckstroem’s results. He put a male Syngnathus lumbriciformis having eggs, with young outlined (48 to 60 hours old, probably) and cemented onto the belly, into an aquarium, and on the ninth day thereafter some young were hatched and on the next day the others. These lived seven days, and in that time nearly doubled tl#ir length. The adult fish has neither pectorals nor caudal and the rounded tail is prehensile, the body is densely pigmented, and the operculum is bound down to the shoulder girdle, leaving only a small dorsal open- ing. Fries, however, figures and describes the newly hatched young, 454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. which hers Says paid no further attention to the father, with large ill openings, with perfectly transparent bodies, and, strangest of all, with both pectorals and caudals, which they used freely. This caudal was a continuous fin-fold, extending from a point anterior to the true dorsal backward around the tail and forward on the ventral surface to the anus; that is, it was a structure identical in appearance and use with the permanent caudal of the eel. This fin-fold is permanent in the Falkland Island genus, Protocampus, which Giinther thinks may be an embryonic Nerophien. Yarrell reports such a temporary fin- fold in salmon embryos. In 1840, Krohn, from dissections made the year previous, affirmed that the female /Z/ppocampus brevirostris bears the egg-pouch, and that this has lining it a ‘‘schleimhaut gefassreichen,” Ae confirming Rathke. In this same vear, this later writer described a female S. wequoreus (a Nerophien) with eges on the belly, and says that the ovary (testis?) of this specimen contained ova of various sizes, each with a germinal vesicle. Sections of the testis of S. florid show large vesicular spermatocytes lining its lumen. Probably these are what Rathke saw. Von Siebold, desirous of settling this much-controverted question, spent some time at Trieste in 1841, and in the following year published his results. He found that the males of Syngnathus rynchenus, pela- gicus, typhle, and acus, and of Hippocampus longirostris and breviros- tris, bear the eggs. He got these results: (1) by ‘‘stripping” the fishes and noticing the white fluid containing spermatocytes; (2) by dissecting ovaries and testes and noticing the golden-red eggs shining through the ovarian walls; (3) by making microscopic examinations of the products of 1 and 2. He wondered how Rathke or anyone else could have fallen into such palpabie errors. The French naturalist, Quatrefages, published in this same year (1842) a paper on the embryos of S. ophidion in which he described the external structures of young nearly ready to hatch. These eggs are plastered on the belly in the (at this time) much thickened integu- ment of which they make depressions. The shells are filled with an albuminous fluid in which the young move. Kroyer, whose book is dated 1858, says that the females of S. typhle are usually larger than the males, and that their numbers are about ten times as great. He finds that the eggs are arranged in regular rows in the pouch, embedded in mucus, and that this mucus disappears and the lids of the pouch sink in, but are not absorbed after gestation. He conjectures that fertilization takes place at time of transfer. Vogt and Pappenheim in 1859 say that when the young leave the pouch the yolk sae is completely absorbed, which is not true of the Siphostomas at Beaufort. They examined fishes by hundreds and never found a female with or a male without a pouch, which they No. 1481. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 455 describe as citaneous and ‘outside the dermal exoskeleton. They are the first who describe the slit-like opening at the anterior end of the marsupium. They think that Rathke mistook Scyphius, which never forms a pouch, for S. aeus with this sac in the very first stage of development, and that, by imagination, he supplied the other stages necessary to complete the formation. They do not see how anyone could possibly have mistaken for a male a female with yellow eges in the ovary. William Andrews, writing in 1860, says of S. typh/e that the ov liberated by the female are received into the abdominal pouch of the male, who has power of expanding its flaps and of fastening the ova by a highly viscous secretion. He is the first to observe that the full development of the ova forces open the pouch and liberates the young. He finds S. eguoreus individuals clinging side by side to bits of Zos- tera by their tails, in which position he thinks that the male is enabled to attach the eggs to his abdomen. He says that S. typhle and acus swim with their tails, which fact is also noted by Weinland and others. S. acus, according to Jonathan Couch (1867), has developing ova in the pouch from April to October, and is very retentive of life. S. floride is very amphibian- like in this latter respect, swimming about and even jumping out of the aquarium some time after its head has been cut off. Couch anticipates Huot in discovering that the air bladder has an anterior thick-walled and posterior thin-walled part. He describes three adult specimens of S. xquoreus (4) with well- developed dorsal and ventral fin-folds. In the same year (1867), Lockwood was so fortunate as to see the delivery of young in sea-horses kept in aquaria. One male stood vertically in the water, and pressing the point of his tail against the bottom of the pouch, forced the young out at its mouth. The other, catching its tail under the edge of a winkle shell, pulled the body downward, rubbed the pouch against the shell, and thus expelled the young. This was repeated, with intervals of rest (the fish seemed to tire easily), for six hours. In August, 1902, I had opportunity to see the delivery of the young from the pouch of a male ///ppocampus hudsonius at Beaufort, but beyond a mere relaxing of the sphincter muscle at the mouth of the sac nothing was remarked. Lockwood says that at the time the ova are received into the pouch its walls are thick and well lined with fat, but that, when the young are excluded, the walls are only one-sixth as thick. Hence he con- cludes that this fat serves as food for the young. He adds that the walls again become thick, so that he was several times led to think the pouch gravid when it was not. The writer was similarly deceived once, even so far as to try to open the pouch, whose walls must have been five or six times as thick as those of a breeding pipefish. To Lafont is due the credit for discovering the mode of transfer of 456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. the eggs. In 1869, in an aquarium where he had a number of S. aiguille, he noticed two closely embracing each other. These he separated, and found that the pouch of the male was empty, but that the two folds were gelatinous, vascularized, and soldered throughout their whole length, save for a little opening at the anterior end. ‘The end of the oviduct of the female projected some 6 to 8 mm. beyond the anal region, and this was introduced into the opening of the sac of the male. They were put back into the water and came together time after time, the female repeatedly putting the end of the oviduct into the opening of the pouch. He noted that only at the time of laying was the oviduct so elongated, at other times it was only about 2 mm. long. The observations I have made substantiate these in all respects. Lafont, however, stated that the eggs, after being laid directly into the pouch, were arranged in four ranks around a central axis; that they went with ease into all parts of the pouch, where they were implanted in the mucus by the aid of fibers which came to anastomose with the central axis, and served to nourish the fetuses. As will be shown later, this is not true of S. foride. His idea of nourishment in the pouch falls in, however, with the conclusions of Kckstroem, Rathke, Lockwood, and others. This most important and interesting account, of which the above is almost a literal translation, seems to have been lost sight of —Duméril and Smitt being the only authorities who cite it. Canestrini, in 1871, hypothesized the manner of transfer, thought’ that fertilization took place after the deposition of the eggs, and dis- covered a minute anal fin in the duct made by the anterior end of the pouch in the Lophobranchs. The same was reported by Rathke (1837) in the young of the Black Sea Syngnathus argentatus. The anal is very minute in S. florédx, and so hidden that it was unnoticed until I had first found it in the embryos. Canestrini affirmed that in the young of Hippocampus brevirostris, -5.75 mm. long, he found a small but perfectly distinct caudal fin, and refers to a fossil sea-horse (4) Calamostoma which had a caudal. Dr. Theodore Gill, however, informs the writer that Ca/amostoma was not a sea-horse at all, nor was it in anywise nearly related. In the young of ZZ. hudsonius, 8 mm. long, just hatched from the pouch, there is, projecting beyond the end of the notochord, a blunt, spine-like body which Ryder (1881) figures and describes as a ‘* caudal fold,” but which is wholly devoid of fin rays. Marcusen and his pupil, Passentewitsch, spent several months at Odessa, on the Black Sea, in 1872, reviewing Rathke’s observations on the Syngnathids. Their work may be summed up as follows: (1) In S. argentatus and tenutrostris both males and females possess caudal pouches. (2) In hundreds of specimens examined, no female of these species was ever found with eggs in the pouch. Nno.1431. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 457 (3) Females of these two species without pouches were found. (4) Males of S. buceulentus have pouches; females never do. (5) Males only of Seyphicus teres possess the pouch. Thus was the work of Rathke corrected in part, confirmed in part, and wholly cleared up. It may be well to say here that, in hundreds of pipefishes at Beaufort, males without and females with pouches have never been found by the writer. In 1874, Dufossé described how sea-horses under his observation in 1854 held themselves tightly together by their twisted tails. Observa- tions made in the year of publication showed that, while thus held, the female passes the eggs into the pouch of the male. Dufossé noted that at this time the pouch possesses many thick folds, which secrete a mucus for the nourishment of the young. He seemed to have been wholly ignorant of the work of his compatriot, Lafont. In May of the same year Fanzago, working in the Zoological Station at Naples, independently made the same discovery. He writes that the sea-horses make use of their prehensile tails as an aid in the act of -coition. A few eggs only, perhaps just one, are passed at a time, hence the coition must be repeated. The male apparently is passive and invites the female to introduce the oviduct into the mouth of the . pouch. Contact is short and is repeated five or more times in a short while. As will be seen later, in S. florid there is a sexual embrace in which both animals are active. A. H. Malm, in his inaugural dissertation at Lund, in 1874, finds no continuous fin-fold in S. typAle, but states that the tail is at first protocercal, secondly heterocercal, and finally homocercal by resorp- tion of the end of the notochord. Malm agrees with Eckstroem that the transfer takes place in deep water, and thinks with Kroyer that fertilization takes place after transfer. He founda young male 90 mm. (3.6 inches) long with a pouch, and another 140 mm. (5.6 inches) long with eggs. It is noteworthy that Malm concludes that the ‘**slime” in the pouch is identical with that on the body, but, pro- tected by the pouch, it is not washed away; thus in a sense he antici- pates both Huot and Cohn, but he does not think that it is used for food. At Kiel, Heincke (1880) found that in. S. typh/e the females are larger and more numerous. Both these points hold good for the pipe- fishes of Beaufort, the proportionate numbers being about three males to every seven females. In S. fypAle the pouch is not filled at one time, but there may be several transfers extending over several days. This is true of S. florid, sometimes eggs of three different stages being found in the same pouch. For the period of gestation, Heincke, not knowing the ages of the eggs at the beginning, fixes a minimum period of fourteen days. As will be seen later, the period for S. florid seems to be ten days. Breeding in S. typh/e takes place from May to August; the pouch is not resorbed and the young do not go 458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. back into it. The young grow rapidly and become sexually mature in one year. From observations made in 1881, and prior thereto, Ryder thinks that the eggs of the pipefishes are impregnated at the time of trans- fer, and that the period of development is from twelve to fourteen days. He avers that in the young of S. peckianus (S. fuscum) there is developed a low, continuous fin-fold which, however, is never so prominent as in other Teleosts—for example, Gadus. However, on the contrary, in 1884, Ryder writes that ‘‘there is no continuous fin-fold developed at all in S7phostoma or Hippocampus.” In his earlier paper (1881), he says that the operculum is from the beginning tied down, leaving only a spiracular-like opening, thus contradicting Rathke (1837). MeMurrich (1883), from work on S. fuscwm at Beaufort, affirms that the young when born are 10 to 11mm. long and have the yolk-sac com- pletely absorbed. I have young of this species nearly ready to hatch, but possessed of a very large yolk-sac—one too large to be absorbed before hatching. The hatched young of S. flortde, 11.5 mm. long, possess the remnants of the yolk-sac inclosed within the abdominal walls. This is not visible in the whole mounts, but is shown in sec- tions. Two young (species unknown) from the ‘*tow,” one 15 mm. the other 18.5 mm. long, show a considerable remnant of the yolk inside the body walls. They are the largest young in my possession, the next oldest being 90 mm. long, and (males at any rate) sexually mature. MeMurrich further says: *‘ In young stages an anal is present, which, however, does not pass beyond the stage in which fibrillation begins, but aborts, and is entirely wanting in the adult.” Larvee of this species 5.5 mm. long and with a great yolk-sac (some days away from hatching) possess the rudiments of the anal, and adult examples in my possession have very small but perfectly distinct anals. Kupffer (1868) says of a European Syngnathus (species not given) that the young on hatching (whether from shell or pouch is not stated) have a relatively large yolk-sac. Just here it may be of interest to say that the newly hatched young of //. hudsonius have no yolk-sac visible in the whole mounts. Sections, however, show a small rem- nant within the body wall. Ryder in 1886 speaks of an ‘* exceptionally discontinuous fin-fold ” in Siphostoma, from which dorsal, caudal, and anal fins are developed, and says that T. H. Bean showed him a Siphostoma with a secondary anal fin, which could only be explained by development from such a fin-fold. He figures a homocercal tail for a young pipefish. In the young of Siphostoma floride up to a length of 18.5 mm. (my latest stage) I find what seems to be the remnants of a continuous fin-fold, especially plain on the ventral surface. This shows both in the whole oe no.1431. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 459 mounts and sections, and its only explanation seems to be that it-is an embryonic structure comparable to what Fries described for S. /ii- briciformis in 1838. Ehrenbaum and Stradtmann (1904, fig. 7) figure a larva of Clupea sprattus, 14 to 18 mm. long, having on the ventral surface of the tail from the anus to the caudal a delicate membrane, the counterpart of that found on S. floride. — One is at a loss, in view of Ryder’s acquaintance with the pipefishes and his presumed knowledge of the literature, to understand why he should write in 1887: ‘* The eges of Siphostoma are developed under a pair of integumentary folds * * * developed on the under side of the tail of the female.” However, in this same paper he refutes MeMurrich’s error as to the anal fin of S. fuscwn. There is nothing in W. A. Smith’s (1887) paper that need detain us. He theorizes as to the origin of the elongated jaw apparatus, and his statement that the young retreat into the pouch is seemingly an echo of Eckstroem. Lilljeborg (1891) thinks that fertilization takes place in S. typhle at the ttme of transfer, since the male genital opening is inside the anterior end of the pouch. He notes that breeding females are very much larger than the males, and thinks that the mucus fastening the eggs to the belly of Syngnathus or Nerophis ophidion is secreted by both parents at the time the eggs are deposited, and that several trans- fers are made. In 1900, Duncker published an interesting and valuable paper on the habits of the Lophobranchs, and though this does not strictly come within the scope of this chapter, still it may be not uninteresting to summarize it here. Duncker says that the Syngnathide swim almost exclusively with the dorsal, but when excited may use the caudal. ‘‘ In free swimming this (the caudal) is almost useless, and never takes the place of fin action.” He describes the 8-shaped figure made by the dorsal, and characterizes the caudal as a ‘‘rudder” merely. S. florid stands vertically in the water and slowly propels itself by its dorsal fin, the pectorals being used merely to maintain its perpendicular position; but when frightened or when it wishes to go from one place to another it throws itself into a horizontal position and glides with great rapidity with sinuous right and left lashings of its tail, at which times its resemblance to a serpent or an eel is very marked. In this connection it is worthy of note that the only other fishes which are known to swim in a vertical position are Amphiowus according to Parker and Haswell, Zoricaria according to Noll, and Centriscus (Amphisile) according to Willey. Duncker’s observations were probably made on fishes in small aquaria; those on S. florid were on specimens in an 8-foot tank and in the waters of the harbor at Beaufort. Duncker quotes Heincke as to the immunity of these fishes from 460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. enemies, and accounts for this on the ground of their having a horny coat of mail. Another explanation for the pipetishes of Beaufort may be found in the very peculiar and offensive odor of their skin and flesh After handling or dissecting them, one’s hands become saturated with a peculiar and pungent odor, very offensive and very hard to get rid of. Duncker says the Lophobranchs feed on small crustacea and the young of their own species. Eckstroem says they eat the spawn of other fishes. Yarrell, Couch, and others say that their food consists of small crustaceans and larve of various kinds. Microscopic exam- ination of the intestinal contents of S. florzdx shows its food to consist of minute crustacea and reveals the presence in some cases of a very small tapeworm scolex. Specimens of various pipefishes have been kept at Beaufort for weeks in aquaria with running water and have seemed to thrive. In this connection Duncker is the first to explain the curious snapping noise made by these fishes in feeding. All water is expelled from the snout and pharynx by muscular action. Into the vacuum thus formed, water and small crustacea rush with the smack- ing noise when the mouth is suddenly opened, a bird-like pecking motion of the head accompanying it. Duncker says that at the breeding season the dorsal part of the pouch becomes much swollen and vascularized; that an epithelial cement binds the lips of the pouch fast (in this he anticipates Huot and also Cohn); that the eggs go through their whole development without ever coming in contact with the water; and, finally, that the embryos are bathed in the blood of the father. In short, he thinks this pouch a physiological uterus-placenta. The ege laying, he avers, takes place at night or early in the morn- ing, which is true of S. floride; and the filling of the pouch takes place from before backward, from behind forward, or from the middle in both directions, whereas in S. flor¢dx it is only from before backward. He further says that the development of the eggs takes place unequally rapidly (true of S. furidx), and that at the end of about twenty days the foremost ones slip out, and, finally, that when hatched the young are deserted by their parents. In the Nerophiens, Duncker says that the females have sexual coloration at the breeding season and that they approach the males. In 1902, Huot published the best and most comprehensive paper ever written on the Lophobranchs. He is ignorant of the work of Lafont, Dufossé, and Fanzago, for he says that the transfer has never been observed. He finds the eggs in the marsupium of a male about equal in number to those in the ovary of a female of the same size. In S. florid, transfer has never been observed to take place in specially paired fishes unless they are of approximately the same size. Huot figures, in sections through the pouch, the external epidermis No.1431. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 461 continued into and lining the pouch as an epithelium with many becomes folded to form ‘*nzds” for the eggs, with the membranes of which, since there is no zona radiata, it comes in very intimate con- tact, proliferating to fill all interstices between. Into these prolifera- tions blood vessels, forming dense networks, penetrate and form a virtual placenta by means of which the eggs and embryos are provided with oxygen and food through osmosis. The lips of the pouch are cemented by a gummy secretion, which at the same time keeps out the water and enables them to withstand the pressure as the young, surrounded by a clear serum-like fluid, grow and distend the pouch. In his efforts to determine the time of hatching and the age of the embryos, Huot took fresh-laid eggs from the pouch and put them into running water. This he also did with embryos ranging from early stages up to those with vitellus nearly gone and almost ready to hatch, but in all cases they died within forty-eight hours at the utmost. He also tried in vain to introduce eggs into the pouch. He concludes that the eges of S. dumerilii are fertilized at the time of transfer. His work on the development is confined practically to organogeny in the late larve and in the young. He confirms Couch, though ignorant of his work, as to the thick and thin walled parts of the swim bladder. The young fish when hatched has a ‘* notable reserve vitellus inclosed within the skin of the belly.” Two years later (1904), Ludwig Cohn, working on WS. typAle, reviewed Huot’s work on the marsupium. In thin sections, through the region of the marsupium, under the oil immersion lens, he finds that these eggs have a zona radiata, that the skin-epithelium is con- tinued into the whole of the pouch and surrounds the eggs save where these are in contact, and that there are mucus-secreting cells in the outer but none in the inner epithelium. He ascertains that only the connective tissue of the pouch contains blood vessels, and that the peri- vitelline space is filled with the albuminous fluid which Huot noted. Cohn finds that the lining epithelial cells have *‘ sptzen”-like pro- cesses, and that these penetrate the pores of the zona radiata. Hence he concludes that food stuff and oxygen are transmitted to the perivi- telline space by osmosis through these slender pseudopods, and that in this way the young are nourished. He notes that at the pole of the ego, where the embryo is formed, the epithelium is folded into glands whose mouths abut onto the adjacent zona radiata. He finds, however, that there is no definite position for the germinal disk. In S. florida, egos have been noted with the germinal disk turned downward—that is, toward the folds of skin forming the pouch, and upward—that ts, toward the body of the fish. The work of Cohn, confirms and extends that of Huot, and the two together show that the older writers were correct in their vague ideas Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05—30 462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, about the young in the pouch receiving nourishment from it. They have definitely established the fact that the marsupium of the ma/e of the Lophobranchs, with its epithelial lining and its capillaries and lymph vessels, is a functional uterus-placenta. I have no fishes especially killed for sections through the pouch, and the sections cut are so imperfect that no figures will be given, but on the whole they confirm the results of Huot and Cohn.¢ THE BREEDING HABITS OF SIPHOSTOMA FLORID. The following observations on the breeding habits of Szphostoma floride were made in the laboratory of the United States Bureau of Fisheries at Beaufort, North Carolina, July 17, 1903. The transfers were witnessed by three other workers. When my account thereof had been written it was submitted to them and their additions were included in this full statement. A female fish ready to give up eggs may be recognized by her much distended abdomen, due to the presence of ripe eggs in the ovary, but much more by the oviduct protruding—as first noted by Lafont (1871)— and filled with eggs, some of which may escape from time to time. In the nonbreeding male the flaps of skin forming the pouch lie flat in the ventral concavity formed by the outward and downward projecting skin-covered horny plates of mail, but when sexually excited these flaps rise, become thrown into folds and finally unite their edges into the long middle seam, and form the closed pouch. The act of copulation is preceded by a very curious ‘*/éebesspiel.’ The two fishes swim around in the aquarium with their bodies in nearly vertical positions, but with the head and shoulder region sharply bent forward like the letter f. Then they swim slowly past each other, their bodies touching and the male being perhaps more demonstrative. Just before the actual transfer, the male becomes violently excited and demonstrative, shakes his head and anterior body-parts in a corkscrew fashion and with his snout caresses the female on the belly. The female responds to this but does not become so excited. This is repeated several times, the fishes becoming more excited each time they touch each other. Presently, quick as a flash, the sexual embrace takes place and then the fishes separate to begin again in a few minutes. This embrace consists in the fishes intertwining their bodies like two capital letter S’s, the one reversed on the other, thus bringing them face to face. Thus they hold their bodies together while the eggs pass from the oviduct into the pouch. Their bodies touch at three places—in the anterior region, just back of the pectorals; in the pos- ’ “Since this paper was sent to the printer, I have received from Dr. Theodore Gill a copy of his paper on the Life History of the Sea-Horses (Hippocampids). Through Doctor Gill’s kindness I was permitted to read his paper in manuscript and to avail myself of the valuable information contained therein. No.1431. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 468 terior region, at a point about two-thirds of the way from the anus to the caudal; and at the anal openings. The anal papilla, or the pro- truding oviduct of the female, is, at the moment of contact of their bodies, thrust into the buttonhole-shaped opening at the anterior end of the marsupium. Some eggs, in number a dozen or more, now pass into the pouch and are presumably fertilized at this moment. The eggs are now in the anterior end of the pouch and no more can be received until these have been gotten into the posterior end. To bring this about, the male performs some very curious movements. He stands nearly vertically, and, resting his caudal fin and a small part of the tail on the floor of the aquarium, bends backward and forward and twists his body spirally from above downward. This is repeated until the eggs have been moved into the posterior end of the pouch. I do not think that any means other than the above are used to bring FIG. 1.—TRANSFER OF EGGS IN SIPHOSTOMA (SEMI-DIAGRAMMATIC). @, POSITION OF FISHES DURING TRANSFER OF EGGS; D, ATTITUDE ASSUMED BY MALE WHILE MOVING THE EGGS BACKWARD IN THE POUCH: ¢C, POSITION OF MALE DURING PERIOD OF REST FOLLOWING SEVERAL TRANSFERS. this about. The pouch in a ‘‘pithed” fish was opened and carmine scattered over its inner surface, but there was no evidence of ciliary action. Sections from pieces of both dorsal and veniral parts of the sac killed in formalin, in Flemming’s or in Worcester’s fluids, failed to show cilia. Then for some time the animals remain quiescent, the male with the back concave, assuming the form of a broad flat capital U. The head is extended in a nearly horizontal direction, and the body in the region of the middle of the tail touches the floor of the aquarium. ‘This posi- tion is retained for a time varying from five to ten minutes. Convyul- sive movements, lasting only for a moment, may take place. The processes above described are repeated until the pouch is filled. In one pair the first copulation took place at 9.45 o’clock and the second at 10.05 o’clock. In another pair there were four contacts, as follows: 10.15; 10.34; 10.39 o’clock, at which time the eggs were only 464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOLeX xox halfway down the pouch; and at 11.06 o’clock. These observations were made at night, between 9.45 and 11.30 o’clock, in the brightly lighted laboratory. It is very probable, however, that the transfer may take place at any and all hours of the night. It is to be noted in passing that the fishes seemed entirely unaffected by the lights. No attempt to handle them was made. (See Lafont.) It does not seem likely that all the eggs are transferred at once— first, because of the curious means used to move them backward in the pouch; in the second place, because males are frequently found with the pouch only half filled; thirdly, because males with eggs of two and three stages and layings are not infrequent. When the above processes have been repeated several times, the animals are seemingly exhausted and remain quiet for at least two and one-half hours (the extent of my observations). On this same night a third small male in an aquarium with three females *‘ courted” two of them alternately, but no transfer was made, though they had protruding oviducts. For coition to take place, it seems necessary that the fishes should be nearly equal in size. A ripe female paired with a male three-fifths her size dropped her eggs into the water. This curious love play above described is not without parallel in other lower vertebrates. Jordan (1891) records for Diemyctylusa very interesting series of observations of a courtship, lasting several hours, in which caressings play an important part. Dean (1895), in his account of the spawning of Lepzdosteus, describes how the males with wide-spread fins swim around the females and caress them with their snouts. Nor is such a courtship unknown among the invertebrates. Racovitza (1894) has described how the male of Octopus vulgaris strokes and caresses the female. All these contacts seem to be intended to excite the animals preparatory to the sexual act. The arrangement of eggs in the pouch depends wholly on the size of the latter. There are always two sets of eggs, one on each side. Each set may consist of one, of two, or of three rows of eggs, and these may be one or two eggs deep. As noted, there may be one, two, or even three deposits of eggs in one pouch. In what order these young would emerge from the pouch I can not say. Ordinarily the seam breaks at points all along its Jength to set free the young. The age at time of hatching can be given as ten days (with a variation of eight hours) from one lot only. These young lived four days, feed- ing on copepods with the same bird-like motion of the head and the same smacking mouth motion found in the parents. In another case, when the father died four days after the transfer, the little fishes were with free tails. The eggs within twenty-four hours after deposition may easily be extracted from the pouch, coming out in masses, without injuring the father. In two cases, males relieved of eggs received a fresh lot during No.1431. ~“ BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 465 the following night. One of these, stripped the second time, died after taking on a third lot. When the eggs have been in the pouch thirty- six or forty-eight hours they become firmly fastened to it both at top and bottom, so that it becomes necessary to kill the fish and then cut away the flaps of skin before one can extract the eggs. The fishes vary in size. The extremes in egg-bearing males of S. floridx I have found to be 4.5 to 8.9 inches, and in females 3 to 8.4 inches. As a general rule, however, the females are somewhat the larger. THE SEGMENTATION OF THE EGG OF THE PIPEFISH— SIPHOSTOMA FLORID. I. THE OVARIAN EGG. The ripe egg of this fish is of fairly good size, having a diameter of about 1 mm. It possesses a thin transparent membrane or shell, which, under the one-twelfth homogeneous oil immersion lens, shows no structure in sections, but in surface views presents, when stained lightly with hemalum, a notably punctate appearance. These mem- branes were generally removed after killing the eggs, but, if left on the eggs, do not get very hard and offer no obstruction to embedding and sectioning processes. The eggs are formed in ovaries which, viewed from without, present the ordinary Y-shaped structure common to the Teleosts. These ovaries are two tubular organs situated in the posterior dorsal portion of the body cavity, and are confluent behind to form the short oviduct which opens on the posterior lip of the anal aperture. However, when one of the ovaries is sectioned, a very interesting structure is revealed. Running lengthwise throughout the whole extent of the ovary is a raphe situated about two-thirds of the dis- tance from one wall. From this eggs are budded off in succession to form a spiral of eggs which surrounds the raphe, the outermost egg being the oldest and largest. As this egg ripens it markedly increases in size and crowds the other eggs together with the raphe closely to one side of the tube. In the ovaries of older and larger fishes, two or three eggs may ripen side by side and then the raphe and its young egos are very much crowded and contorted. As the eggs become ripe they enormously distend the ovaries both in diameter and length—in length until they frequently extend forward to the region of the stomach. At this time females ready to spawn are noticeable for their greatly distended abdomens. The young eggs, as first pointed out by Cunningham (1897), have large nuclei with several nucleoli, but in the older ovarian eggs the germinal vesicle is not so apparent. The grown egg, still attached in the ovary, is surrounded by a layer of peripheral oil drops. This same structure persists in the eges after extrusion, so that the ger- 466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. minal vesicle can not be seen. The sections I have made of eggs just extruded are so unsatisfactory and so little understood that further investigation is necessary before sections are figured. The older observers, Retzius (1833), Rathke (1836, 1837, 1840), Vogt and Pap- penheim (1859), although they studied the ovary with the microscope, missed these peculiar structures. Later observers—Brook, McLeod, Cunningham (1897), and Huot (1902) have made sections but have not gone very far into the structure, nor will I myself do so now, since it is my intention to work up the organization and development of this organ later, the material for this being now on hand. Il. THE METHOD OF DEPOSITION. This has already been described in the first part of this paper, but it may be well to emphasize the fact that the process is such as to prevent absolutely any contact of the eggs and sperms with the sea water. il. FERTILIZATION. The egg of Siphostoma floride, as before mentioned, possesses a very thin and perfectly transparent shell. This surrounds an egg made up of straw-colored yolk having many orange-red oil globules imbedded in its periphery and these surrounded in turn by a thin pel- licle of protoplasm. The colored oil globules render the egg so opaque that I have never been able to find the micropyle. Yet, strange to say, the egg of a related Kuropean form, Synagnathus ophidion, was the first fish and possibly the first vertebrate egg in which this opening was discovered. Whether this egg is transparent or not I can not say, but in it Doyére (1849) found the micropyle just over the ‘* disque proligere,” and gave its diameter as ;+5 mm. A. Natural fertilization.—Difterent investigators vary in their conclusions, or, more correctly, their conjectures, as to the time of fertilization. A priéor7, one would expect the fertilization to be effected at the time of transfer. Probably the surest way to deter- mine the time of impregnation would be to take a male immediately after the transfer, cut through the pouch just back of the forward end behind the genital opening, and then examine the eggs in the hinder part of the pouch for spermatozoa. ‘This I had intended to do during each of the past summers. Aithough there were numerous transfers between fish kept in aquaria each summer, yet I saw the copulation on one night only (in 1903) between two pairs of fish. The seeming necessity for keeping these fish for the early stages of segmentation prevented my sacrificing either to determine this point. Huot (1902), Lilljeborg (1891), Rvder (1881), and others think that the fertilization takes place at the time of copulation, while A. H. Malm (1874) and Kroyer (1853) think that it follows later, and Ekstroem (1831) believes it takes place while the eggs are in the pouch. No. 1431. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 46% My own belief is that sperms and ova are emitted simultaneously, and while I have no direct evidence, the following facts corroboratory of this conclusion are adduced. I believe that the extraordinary ‘‘/éebesspicl,” or period of sexual excitation of these fishes, described above, is intended to prepare them for the mutual discharge of the sexual products. In the description of the copulation and attendant phenomena, attention has been called to similar sexual excitements in an Amphibian, a Ganoid, and a Cepha- lopod, which are preparatory to the discharge of sperms as well as of egos. But the second set of phenomena is still more strongly corrobora- tory. On July 6, 1904, two fish were paired and during the night they copulated. They remained in the same aquarium for four days, and then the female was killed, her ovaries excised, cut up, and put into fixing fluids, while some of the ovarian eggs, which fell into the body cavity, were also killed. When these eggs were examined some months later, among them were found two embryos with the blasto- pore closed. None of the other eggs showed any trace whatever of impregnation. Again two lots of eggs, froma male killed in 1902, were examined two years later and found to be in the eight to sixteen- celled stage. In one lot, however, there was found an embryo with black eyes and free tail, and in the other two eggs in which the blastoderms covered one-half, the embryos one-fourth, of the circum- ference of the egg. These two lots of eggs had never been removed from the shells, and these shells were still bound together in masses as they came from the pouch. Thus all chance of the eggs having been mixed is eliminated. Again a lot of eggs put up in August, 1904, were found to be in the eight-celled stage, but among them were found two embryos with pectoral fins. It is true that in opposite ends of the pouch eges of different layings, and consequently different ages, are found, but never with differences of age more than thirty-six hours, against about three to five days in the above cases. From these facts I can draw but one conclusion— that at the time of coition both spermatozoa and ova are simultaneously extruded, and, as the female withdraws her oviduct from the button- hole-shaped opening of the marsupium, sperms lodge on it and work their way through it into the ovary and there fertilize eggs. This happens only occasionally, but it seems to me a strong proof of my contention as to the time of fertilization. Gill (1905) quotes Nord- quist, Ehrenbaum, and Eckstroem that internal impregnation occurs occasionally in non-viviparous fishes, such as the Sculpins. See Gill’s interesting article on the Sculpin. B. Artificial fertilization. —This was tried twice by the wet method and once by the dry. The eggs and the torn-up testes were thoroughly mixed in sea water, and after a few minutes were aerated in strained 468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, and over them was poured sperm from testes which had been torn up in a perfectly dry dish. These were allowed to stand for a few min- utes, and were then placed in clean, running sea water. The females were certainly ripe for spawning, and the males were well grown and had not recently borne eggs, so they were presumably fertile. A con- trol experiment was made by putting a batch of this last lot in running sea water without the addition of sperms. In a// cases the results were the same. At the end of one and one-half hours protoplasm could be seen collecting at the upper pole. After two to three hours it was noticed that the eggs had flattened slightly at the animal pole and that there was being formed a pretty clearly defined round ger- minal disk, resting on a layer of orange-red oil drops. At the age of four to six hours the germinal disk was at its prime, but neither then nor at any subsequent time was there any trace of segmentation. From this time on the germinal disk gradually lost its sharp outlines, flattened down, and went to pieces. In one lot of eggs at the age of twenty-six hours the germinal disk had gone bad; in another after twenty-five hours it was no longer round, and its edges were irregular and fragmentary; in a third lot less than 10 per cent of the eggs were alive after twenty-three and one-half hours. These eges were all alike save that in one lot some, when taken from the ovary, showed a very faint aggregation of protoplasm at the germinal pole, while in another lot the eggs were of unequal size. This latter condition is, however, by no means an uncommon occur- rence. Such differences are met with repeatedly in my preserved material, where eggs one-half to two-thirds the size of the normal ones are found. Save that the blastoderms are somewhat smaller, there is nothing unusual about the development of these small eggs. In this connection Brook (1887) says that the eggs of the herring vary in size in the same fish or in fishes of different localities, but thinks that this in no wise affects their development. From my experiments it seems pretty clear that artificial fertiliza- tion is not possible in the pipefish, thus confirming the @ prior/ opin- ion that this would not take place in fishes provided with such extraor- dinary apparatuses for the deposition and impregnation of the eggs, without their ever coming in contact with the water. Since the eggs will live for some twenty hours in sea water, it must be the sperma- tozoa which are disastrously affected by it. It has long been known that the sperms of both salt- and fresh-water fishes lose their vitality if left in the water any time and can not impregnate eggs. Quatrefages first ascertained this for the pike and other fresh-water fishes. Hoff- mann (1881) says that the sperms of Scorpena die quickly in salt-water. Reighard (1893) found that the sperms of the wall-eyed pike die after one minute in the water. ee No.1431. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 469 In this connection the experiments of Huot (1902) are very interest- ing. He took the eggs of Syngnathus dumeri//i trom the marsupium of the male, and, being careful not to break the egg membranes (these eggs were presumably fertilized), put them in clean aerated sea water. This he did also with eggs just before deposition (ovarian ege's), but in no case did development go on more than a few hours. Then he put into the water larvee old enough to move freely, but these too died within forty-eight hours. 1 can confirm all his results. IT have found that eggs in segmentation will go on dividing for a short while, but that within eighteen hours all die. The discoveries of Huot (1902) and of Cohn (1904), that the pouch and its contents act as a physiolog- ical placenta, offer the explanation for the above phenomena. The egos and embryos, depending on this for oxygen and food, can not exist out of the pouch. IV. MATURATION. Unable to fertilize artificially the eggs of Siphostoma floridx, and having found it impossible to get from the pouch eggs young enough to show the formation of polar bodies, I am unfortunately not in posi- tion to say anything of the process of maturation. For the latest and best work on this phenomenon the reader is referred to Behren’s paper (1898). V. FORMATION OF THE GERM DISK. In the pipefish, fertilization is not necessary to bring about the formation of the germinal disk. Immersion in water supplies the stimulus as it does in many other fishes. All workers on the Salmon- oids, Ziegler (1882), His (1899), and others, so report. Kowalewski (1886) found it true for the goldfish, as did Agassiz and Whitman (1885) for Ctenolabrus, though they state that for pelagic eggs the germ disk is generally not formed until after impregnation. Brook (1887) confirms this for the herring, but I have found that the eggs of the sargassum fish, Pterophryne histrio, form the germ disk shortly after extrusion. Hertwig says (Handbuch, p. 544): ‘*One can emphatically say for almost all fish eggs that by their transfer into water such a powerful force is brought into play that the concentration of the germ disk results,” but that ‘if they are impregnated first, a more rapid growth and larger size for the germ disk follows.” All writers, notably Brook (1887) and Ryder (1887), describe this formation as brought about by the streaming of the protoplasm to the germinal pole. There are three modes in which this may take place: (1) By streams from the circumference only. This is the method in most fishes, especially those with pelagic eggs. (See Brook, Ryder, Kingsley and Conn, and many others. ) (2) By streams from the circumference with the help of little ‘“»rocessions” from the interior of the yolk (Ziegler, 1882, and Oel- lacher, 1872, for the trout). 470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX (3) In all directions from the yolk, the streaming goes to the ger- minal disk (Carassius, Kowalewski, 1886). As best I can determine, the pipefish comes under class two. This matter will be further referred to in the section dealing with the periblast. Intimately connected with the foregoing is the collecting of the oil drops underneath the germ disk. In pelagic eggs, generally the oil is in one great globule near the center of the yolk, but in the pipefish many small orange-red globules are imbedded in the periphery of the yolk. When the protoplasm moves up to the animal pole, the oil globules go also and are collected under the germ disk to form the “disque huileuw” of Lereboullet. This is a phenomenon very common among Teleosts. It has been reported by all workers on the Salmo- noids, by Ransom (1867) for the stickleback, Kowalewski (1886) for Carassius, and by many others. Rathke (1837) first described these processes in pipefishes from the Black Sea. He says that the ger- minal disk is formed after the eggs come into water, and that the yellow- red ‘‘ fett” drops which surround the yolk flow up to and spread out under the disk in a layer covering about one-third of its upper surface. Kupffer (1868), describing the egg of a European form, says, ‘* This fat forms a mass of drops of different sizes, which incloses the germ disk underneath and laterally.” The two phenomena described above are intimately connected with and in fact bring about another known as the *‘ clearing of the egg.” As the protoplasm is withdrawn from the center and the oil globules from the periphery, the pipefish egg becomes ‘‘clear;” that is, the yolk, freed from these substances, becomes homogeneous and trans- lucent. At this stage the egg of Stphostoma (Plate V, fig. 1) consists of a button-shaped protoplasmic disk resting on an orange-red layer of oil globules embedded in yolk and covering about one-fourth of the ego, the other three-fourths consisting of clear milky yolk. This ‘* clearing ” has been described, essentially as above, by Fusari (1890), Kowalewski (1886), and Agassiz and Whitman (1885), for Cristzceps, Carassius, and Ctenolabrus, respectively. In connection with the above processes, many workers, especially the students of the Salmonoids, have described amceboid movements of the germ disk, and His, in a recent paper (1899), has described such activities in the blastomeres up to the sixteen-celled stage. Ransom (1867) has also figured and described amceboid movements in the yolk of Gasterosteus. These movements seem to assist in freeing the yolk of protoplasm and the germinal disk of yolk. The opacity of the egg, which prevented my making out much about the ** streaming,” oper- ated here against the detection of such movements. Once or twice, however, I thought that I did make them out, and in several hardened germs there were found such protuberances as are figured by Henne- guy (1888) in trout germs hardened in chromic acid. ee No. 1431. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 471 The oil drops in the pipefish egg are not numerous enough to make it float, but from their location they maintain the germ in an upright position. If the eggs are overturned, this buoyancy causes them to rotate quickly in the liquid filling the ‘* breathing chamber” of Ransom. How long this rotation persists I can not say, but certainly until after the closure of the blastopore. Rathke (1837) first noted this in the eggs of Black Sea forms. He also described, as best I can make it out, an albuminous material coagulable in water or in air, which fills the ‘* zw¢schenraum” referred to above. Whatever may be the liquid filling this space in S. florédex, it does not coagulate in water, air, or in any of the fixing fluids I have used. It might be well to add here that this rotation of the egg is not a new phenomenon, having been reported, notably by Ziegler (1882) and His (1899) for the salmon family. ; My earliest preservations of eggs with forming germ disk were made four to five hours after the eggs had been placed in the water, hence I am not able to describe by sections its formation. In any case, however, I could not hope to add anything to the classic paper of Agassiz and Whitman on Ctenolaubrus, or to the more recent memoir of Behrens on the brook trout. Since I preserved eggs at intervals of from five to twenty-five hours, I have sections which illustrate the progressive degeneration of the blastodisc. So far as I know this has never been shown, and hence it may be of interest to give a few figures illustrating this phenomenon. Fig. 1, Plate V, represents the sharply marked off blastodise resting on the yolk sphere. It shows the relative diameters of blastodisc, ** disque huileur,” yolk sphere and egg membrane. Fig. 28, Plate VII, is a central section of a germ disk five hours old. The concentration of protoplasm is not yet perfect. As best I can make it out, all has not yet. emerged from the central yolk. The dotted line marks off a region where protoplasm and yolk are so closely intermingled as to be indistinguishable. Oellacher (1872, fig. 17) figures and describes a similar germ disk for the trout. Fig. 29, Plate VII, shows a degener- ating blastodise ten hours and twenty minutes old. Such structures are not unfrequent in unfertilized eggs found among others in the four to sixteen celled stages in ages from eight to twelve hours. They are also found in eggs which have been in water about ten hours, and, I am inclined to think, are of fairly regular occurrence in degenerating blastodiscs of unfertilized eggs. Stricker, in 1865, described what he called an entirely new mode of cell formation in the blastoderm of the brook trout—that is a budding off of cells—which he thought originated in the amoeboid activities of the protoplasm. His figures show blastoderms with from one to twenty- three ‘* buds,” lumps, or vesicular swellings on the outer surface, and his one section is very inconclusive. Unfortunately, I have no surface views of pipetish eggs showing any of these structures. The following ALD PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. year Ransom reported a similar bud formation in the unimpregnated eggs of the pike. These ‘‘ showed a lobulation of the concentrated formative yolk, a sort of irregular asymmetrical cleavage.” After twenty-five hours ** portions of the discus proligerus were pinched off and appeared as projecting buds.” His reported in 1899 that unfertil- ized salmon and trout eggs after lying in water four weeks formed hillocks on the surface of the germinal disk by the outpushing of fluid drops under the surface membrane. Neither he nor Ransom give figures. Fig. 29, Plate VII, makes clear these various observations. As to the further fate of the blastodisc in the unimpregnated egg of the pipefish, I can only say that it flattens out and finally disap- pears. Fig. 30, Plate VII, is a central section through a blastodise twenty-six and one-half hours old, which shows this flattening. Fig. 31 on the same plate shows a blastodisc taken froma lot of eggs in the invagination stage (forty to forty-eight hours). It is much larger and its lower surface is comparatively free from yolk. The contrast is evidently due to the fact that one egg has been lying free in the sea water, while the other has been under more favorable conditions in the marsupium. Just here it may be of interest to note that while unim- pregnated eges are often met with in the pouch with embryos of all stages, none of them ever ‘‘go bad.” Ransom (1866) reports that he has kept unfertilized trout eggs alive in running water forty-three days. More recently, His (1899) gives four weeks for the maximum time, and describes the mass of germ-plasm in the unfertilized eggs of the trout and salmon as decreasing day by day and becoming more and more set through with oil drops and yolk spheres. The degener- ating blastodiscs of the pipefish in some cases show these inclusions, but in general are quite free from them. VI. SEGMENTATION. Before going into a description and discussion of the segmentation of the egg of Siphostoma floridx, I wish to say that this is extraordi- narily irregular. These irregularities begin as early as the two-celled stage and become very marked when eight cells are formed. The egg under consideration equals and perhaps exceeds that of the Salmon family in abnormality of cell division. The surface views were nearly all drawn from the hardened germs in 80 per cent alcohol or xylol, the opaque ege making it impossible to draw zn s7tu blastoderms beyond the eight-celled stage. The drawings were all made with a Bausch and Lomb microscope (the tube drawn out to 160 mm) and camera lucida. The surface views were all made with the 1-inch eye- piece and the two-thirds objective. Sections were drawn with the 2-inch eyepiece and the one-sixth objective. Plates V and VI have been reduced one-half. the others two-thirds. ern ae NO.1431. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 478 ONE-CELLED STAGE. This is shown in fig. 1, Plate V, from above, and in fig. 32, Plate VII, in section. It is high arched and falls steeply into the outer peri- blast, from which it is clearly marked off by the circumferential furrow of the authors. This furrow is sometimes so pronounced in the germ disk of the Salmon family that the disk literally overhangs its base. See His (1898, fig. 1) for the trout and (fig. 2) for the salmon. Kupffer (1868), however, says that in a European Syngnathus (species not given) the germ disk is not sharply marked off from the periblast, and that this condition holds till the end of the four-celled stage. Most workers on the Salmonoids, Behrens (1898), and, notably, His (1899), represent the unsegmented blastodisc as somewhat sunken in a saucer-shaped depression. In the pipefish, however, the blastodisc, fig. 1, Plate V, underlaid with oil globules, rests on a slightly flattened area at the upper pole. Below it is not sharply marked off from the yolk, but across its base extends a band, about as wide as the periblast to the right, composed of mixed yolk and protoplasm. The section shows several vacuoles to the right, which in the living ege were probably filled with oil. Brook (1887) describes in the herring a blastodise with yolky base; His (1899), the like in the salmon. This blastodise was found in a batch of eggs in the eight to sixteen- celled stage (eight to twelve hours). His (1899) says the germ disk in the Salmon is formed in from one to four days. Hertwig (1903) says that the formation of the germinal disk in the herring takes place in two hours, and in the trout from seven to eight hours. Evidently the time varies with the kind of fish, the temperature, and the purity of the water. In the pipefish I have found it to take place in from four to six hours. It is noteworthy that in none of the blastodises which were sectioned have I ever founda nucleus. Brook (1887) could find no nuclei in the herring until after the appearance of the third furrow. TWO-CELLED STAGE. Asin Teleosts generally, the blastodisc elongates slightly before the appearance of the first furrow, and, as a result, one axis is some- what longer than the other. This is shown in fig. 2, Plate V, the nor- mal two-celled stage, in which the blastomeres are equal. In fig. 3, however, we have an irregular segmentation, with one cell much larger than the other and with a vacuole in the line of division. Of this type quite a number were found. Fig. 33, Plate VII, shows a flat two-celled blastoderm, not definitely marked off on the right from the outer periblast, in which the nuclei have divided, the external furrow has formed, but the cell wall has not yet come into existence. In the line of division, the protoplasmic reticulum has formed a very delicate network of dendritic fibrils + 474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. arranged transversely to the plane of cleavage. Odellacher (1872, fig. 20) describes and figures a section through two cells of a four-celled stage in the brook trout very like this. He says an indistinct streak made up of faint granulations runs vertically from the external groove toward the base. Henneguy (1888, fig. 60) gives a figure of a two- celled stage very like fig. 33, Plate VII, and says that the fine line divid- ing the two cells is bordered on each side by clear protoplasm which is traversed by very fine tines parallel to each other and perpendicular to the median line, and that these fine lines lose themselves in the sur- rounding protoplasm. His (1898, figs. 7, 8) illustrates and describes similar structures in the syncytium at the base of the trout germ in early stages. In fig. 34 we have a high arched two-celled stage in which the perfectly distinct cell wall is interrupted by a vacuole near its center. This is plainly a derivative of fig. 32, as the preceding is of fig. 28. Fig. 35 is a section through fig. 3, Plate V, in the plane a—/, and shows the split between the two cells dilated into a large vesicle at the bottom. Very frequently the division between the two cells takes the form of a deep cleft with nearly vertical walls, and at the bottom the cleft may or may not dilate to form a small vesicle. These struc- tures are shown in fig. 36, and are oftentimes much larger than figured here. In fig. 37 we see the split being formed by the breaking down of the walls of a series of vesicles placed vertically over one another in the center of the blastoderm. This formation of vesicles in the line of cleavage was, so far as I know, first figured and described, for the trout, by Oellacher in 1872. Balfour (1878, figs. 6, 6a, and 6b, Plate I) illustrates and at some length describes vacuoles in the early furrows of the skate. He describes such a beaded structure, as shown in my fig. 37, and thinks that these vacuoles are more common than supposed, and that they play a considerable part in the segmentation. Brook (1887) describes the like in the herring but gives no figures. Kowa- lewski (1886, fig. 1, Plate XVII) finds vesicles at the bottom of the furrows in the early stages of the goldfish. Agassiz and Whitman (1889) figure, in surface views of blastoderms of Cfenolabrus, rows of small vacuoles extending along the whole length of the cleavage planes in the two- and four-celled stages, but do not refer to them in their text. Fusari (1890, figs. 4 and 5, Plate I11) shows in both sur- face views and sections blastoderms with vacuoles. Some of the sec- tions show vacuoles with large dilatations at the bottom like those in figs. 35 and 36, Plate VII. In the pipetish, the first furrow does not cut through to the yolk. (See figs. 34, 35, 36, and 37.) In this respect it agrees with Cristiceps (Fusari, 1890), the Herring (Brook, 1887), Carass¢us (Kowalewski, 1886), the Bass (Wilson, 1891), the Salmon and Trout (His, 1898), but is unlike J/erductus (Kingsley and Conn, 1882), Gadus (Cunningham, No-1431. BREEDING HABITS AND EGG OF PIPEFISH—GUDGER. 475 1886), and others, which do cut all the way through. Agassiz and Whitman (1889) show that in O¢enolabrus the first furrow may or may not penetrate to the yolk. There is never any such under furrow as the bass and Cfenolabrus show in the first division. The eges are laid at night, as early as 10 o’clock, and probably at any hour thereafter. At any rate, by 7 o’clock the next morning, they are to be found in stages of from two to sixteen cells. Probably from four to six hours elapse before they begin to segment, since it takes this long for the germ disk to form on eggs in water, in com- parison with six and one-fourth hours for the herring (Brook, 1887) and twelve to thirteen for the salmon (Hoffmann, 18838). FOUR-CELLED STAGE, In fig. 4, Plate V, is shown a normal four-celled blastoderm. The second furrow is horizontal and crosses the first approximately at right angles. Thus there is formed a four-celled symmetrical blastoderm. Sections of this would in no wise differ from those for two-celled stages, save in the plane a—}, where the beginnings of the segmentation cavity and the central periblast would be found. Such a section is not at hand, unfortunately. . Fig. 5, Plate V, a more common form, shows slight inequalities in the size of its blastomeres. Such irregularities become more pro- nounced until they result in reniform blastoderms, as fig. 6, Plate V. Fig. 38, Plate VII, is a nearly horizontal section through the base of such a form as fig. 4, Plate V. The wide separation of two of the cells is an artefact. Of special interest are the segmentation cavity in the center and the remnants of protoplasmic bridges which connected the blastomeres. EIGHT-CELLED STAGE, Into the blastoderms of the pipetish egg of this stage, many very ereat and seemingly irreconcilable irregularities enter and greatly confuse the investigator. These were first noted on living eggs with four and eight cells below, two, three, and four above. Hardened eggs showed the same irregularities. Surface views of a great many of these eight- to sixteen-celled blastoderms were drawn. When a comparison of these drawings was made, they were found to conform to four general types. This was confirmed by an examination of all the eggs of this stage which had been preserved. At the close of this section, there is appended a table showing the relative numbers of these various types. In fig. 7, Plate V, is shown the normal type of 8-celled teleost blastoderm. It is formed by two furrows nearly parallel to the first and perpendicular tothe second plane of segmentation, dividing such a form as fig. 4, Plate V, into eight blastomeres. In this blasto- 476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. derm, and in nearly all others of this and the next stage, a considera- ble elongation is noticeable. Figs. 8 and 9, Plate V, show variations of this normal type, which are more common than the type itself, but are easily referable to it. Fig. 39, Plate VII, shows a section of fig. 7, Plate V, in the plane ad. In it one of the two central cells is completely cut out of the proto- plasm, while at the inner end of the cell wall, partly cutting out the other cell, there is a little split, which in sections nearer the center will push a short distance to the left, but on the right will extend clear across, completely cutting out the cell and extending the segmentation cavity (s. ¢.). The layer of protoplasm with yolk marked c. p. is the central periblast, and the cavity above it is the segmentation cavity. This, however, is not the first appearance of either, since a section in the plane a-#, in fig. 4, Plate V, would show both. I regret that I have not been able to find such a section. The outer periblast never shows the periblastic ridge figured by Wilson (1891) for Serranus. Fig. 40, Plate VII, is through the plane a-/ of fig. 16, Plate VI, a normal sixteen-celled stage, but it will show the state of things in the plane c-d through fig. 7, Plate V. In this part of the normal blastoderm of this stage, the central cells are separated from the periblast by a large segmentation cavity, which extends for a short distance under the peripheral cells, in this case the end cells of fig. 7, Plate V. Fig. 41, Plate VII, is a section at right angles to the long axis of a plastoderm, similar to fig. 7, Plate V. Here the two cells are separated from each other by a wide segmentation cavity (s. c.) roofed over by a protoplasmic bridge (p. >.) connecting the two blastomeres. - 22. seas. 2 2h= ooo see ee 16. 2 eri Ate Om LOM OUT E sae ee ee ee oe ae Ae BS PR eae ne Aegan 2.9 eH t hr Olemesomo tiie p = tas eee eee Deo yc Ser uted A a he eee te ee 155 Menot neo rman alsegment ress ete eee eesigas ey Bees Bate Tee 2.0 enti ofeloree pain fact ene. Voce ne oad in tee PARSE RSE te a) bee be a Bi. A paratypic female of this species has also been examined. Genus LABIA Leach. LABIA BRUNNEA Scudder 1876. [Labia] brunnea ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., I], pp. 257, 258. [Cuba. ] Cayamas, Santiago Province, Cuba. March 3and8. (E.A.Schwarz.) [U.S.N.M.] Two males. LABIA NIGROFLAVIDA, new species. Type.—Female; Cairns, Queensland, Australia. (Koebele.) [Cat. No. 8168, U.S.N.M. ] Allied to Z. grandis Bormans, from Australia, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands, but differing in the lesser number of antennal joints, 508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX: the almost uniform color of the same appendages, and the longer, slenderer, and less dentate forceps. Size medium (for the genus); form elongate fusiform, slightly depressed; surface finely punctate on the abdomen and_ forceps; glabrous elsewhere. Head equal in width in the caudal half, gently rounded; antennez composed of thirteen joints, the proximal sub- conic, the second small, third slightly longer than the fourth or fifth, the latter two subequal, the remaining joints regu- larly increasing in length. Pronotum slightly larger than broad, the lateral margins very slightly expand- ing caudad; caudal angles and caudal margin ro- tundato-arcuate; transverse impression broad and shallow, caudad of the middle, the whole caudal half being lower than the cephalic half, which is slightly inflated; a faint median longitudinal sulcus present. Tegmina slightly more than half the length of the pronotum; ‘‘shoulder” angles rounded, projecting but little beyond the pronotum; caudal margins obliquely truncate toward the median line. Ex- posed portions of the wings about two-thirds the length of the pronotum, rounded, with the tips sharply truncate. Abdomen with lateral plicee present on two segments, the distal of the two segments with them more marked than on the other; anal segment but little longer than the next segment proximad, gradually narrowed caudad, bearing along the truncate caudal margin a number of distinct rasp- like tubercles; subgenital plate transverse, the distal margin broadly arcuate. Forceps about as long as the tegmina, parallel, moderately slender, gently curved in the distal third and overlapping, the internal margins crenulate. Femora distinctly though moderately inflated. General color, seal brown, with a very faint blue-black sheen to the abdomen; caudo-lateral margins of the pronotum and exposed por- tions of the wings buffy; the limbs are of the general color, touched with claret brown. Fic. 5.—LABIA NIGRO- FLAVIDA. X 23. Measurements. mm. Length of body (excluding the forceps): °284- -o-..... 2 22.52 Lc esses elt oe ne ees oe ee ee cee eee Length offorceps:sse25: 222 sk nos Lewes ee ees oe ee eit See eee eee 2.6 The type is unique. Genus CHELISOCHES Seudder. 1876. Chelisoches ScuppER, Proce. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, p. 295. Type.— Lobophora rufitarsis Serville. a a te tll ae eee ee No. 1432. NEW SPECIES OF EARWIGS—REHN. 509 CHELISOCHES STRATIOTICUS, new species. Type.—Female; Trong, Lower Siam. (Dr. W. L. Abbott.) [Cat. No. 8170, U.S.N.M.] A member of the group comprising pulchripennis and glaucopterus, but apparently closer to the last-mentioned species. It can be readily distinguished by the shorter pygidium, the more depressed and less distinctly dentate forceps, and several other characters. Size large; form subfusiform, greatest width abdominal, depressed; surface subglabrous, the abdomen finely punctate. Head longer than broad, strongly depressed with a pair of converging depressions extend- ing back from the eyes; lateral margins slightly and gradually con- stricted caudad of the eyes; caudo-lateral angles moderately rounded; caudal margin with a median rotundate emargi- nation; eyes small, hardly projecting beyond the head; antenne composed of fourteen segments, the proximal large, cylindrical, strongly con- stricted toward the head; second joint small, short; third joint about half the length of the first; fourth joint small, but larger than the sec- ond, remaining joints gradually increasing in length distad. Pronotum subquadrate, lateral margins slightly expanding caudad, cephalic margin subtruncate with a median low rounded protuberance, caudo-lateral angles rounded, cau- dal margin rotundato-angulate; cephalic half with a crescentic depressed area on each side extending from the antero-lateral angles to the median line, a shallow and rather indistinct lon- gitudinal median sulcus present on the cephalic half. Tegmina almost twice the length of the 4, ¢—cuersocuns STRAT: pronotum; ‘‘shoulder” angles projecting little IOTICUS. X 2. beyond the sides of the pronotum; caudal mar- gins truncate. Exposed portions of the wings extending a distance beyond the tegmina less than the length of the pronotum, rounded, tips narrowly truncate. Abdomen with the dorsal margins of the distal segments with numerous short plice, strong lateral plicee present on the third segment; anal segment strongly transverse, caudal margin truncate, thickened and supplied with rasp-like tubercles except on the median section, which is depressed with a median sulcus between two small tuberculate ridges; subgenital plate transverse, the margin arcuate; pygidium longitudinal, reversed cuneiform, the distal portion — not more than half the proximal width, apex roundly emarginate. Forceps about equal to the head, pronotum, and tegmina in length, dis- tinctly depressed, very gently arcuate, except the distal fourth which 510 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. is distinctly curved; internal margins irregularly serrato-dentate. Femora short, strongly inflated, particularly the cephalic and median pairs; tarsi with narrow transverse arolia present. General color burnt umber, pale on the tarsi and very dark, almost blackish, on the abdomen; antennz rather pale at the tips. Measurements. mm Length. of body (exclusive) of tonceps)eenssacs0 seen ea see nee eee eee 15.5 Length of pronotum. 252g oe lone San oe cece ee eye ee ae 3. 1 Length of tegmen: wo... tion dees io oe ae oe Boe Cee Oe eee ee 5 Length: of. anal segment 25.6 sees ees es 3 eee eee ee ee ee 2 Greatestawidth ot analiseoment =) se see ee eee ee oe eae eee eee ee eee eee 4.5 Length of forcepsi-<. i: 22 -sve26-2 ee 35 Betas Sees Soe eee a eae eee 9.5 The type is unique. Genus ANCISTROGASTER Stal. ANCISTROGASTER FALCIFERA, new species. Type.—Male; Piches and Perene valleys, Peru, 2,000-3,000 feet. (Soc. Geog. de Lima.) [Cat. No. 8172, U.S.N.M.] Allied to A. variegata Dohrn from Venezuela, but differing in the brownish-black color of the terminal abdominal segments and the red- dish lateral margins of the pronotum. Size medium; form, as usual in the genus, depressed; surface sup- plied with short closely placed hairs. Head distinctly but moderately inflated between the eyes and bearing a pair of deep median punc- tures, caudal section depressed; caudal mar- gin truncato-emarginate, caudo-lateral angles rounded; eyes rather large, considerably pro- jecting; antennz with nine joints present, the proximal joint long, slender, tapering proxi- mad, second joint minute, third joint slightly more than half the length of the first, fourth subequal to the third, fifth joint nearly as long as the first, the remaining joints similar to the fifth, but each slightly increasing in length over the next proximal one. Pronotum subquadrate, small, slightly narrower than the width of the head across the eyes, lateral and caudal margins arcuate, the caudo-lateral angles broadly rounded, cephalo-lateral angles narrowly rounded; lateral portions of the pronotum with depressed longitudinal areas near the lateral margins and slightly converging caudad, median transverse depression shallow, broad, present between these lateral areas, longitudinal median sulcus distinct only cephalad. Tegmina about two and a half times the length of the pronotum, broad, the ‘‘ shoulder” angles moderately rounded, caudal margins truncate. FIG. 7.—ANCISTROG ASTER FAL- CIMERAn aoa. i No, 1482. NEW SPECIES OF EARWIGS—REHN. Siler Exposed portion of the wings slightly more than half the length of the tegmina, the lateral margins rather tapering, the tips narrowly truncate. Abdomen strongly constricted cephalad and narrowed cau- dad at the anal segment; lateral plice present on the proximal seg- ments; depressed lateral unguicular processes present on three segments, adpressed and recurved, the two segments cephalad of the anal unarmed; anal segment transverse, the caudal margin very slightly arcuate, slightly depressed, median longitudinal sulcus very faint; subgenital plate transverse, caudal margin rotundato-emarginate, the angles projecting; pygidium cuneiform, the apex slightly expanded, truncate. Forceps of the type usual in the genus, bent arcuate, the apex spiniform, the thickened pre-apical portion moderate in size and armed proximad with a spine similar to the apical but smaller and blunter. Limbsslender; tarsi with the second joint strongly depressed, cordiform, no arolia present. General color dull brownish: black; head orange-rufous, eyes black, antenne chestnut becoming blackish distad; pronotum with the lateral portions ferruginous; forceps ferruginous; limbs inclined toward cinnamon. Measurements. mm, Wencuheoiebodva (excluding storceps)\se ese ee eee a oes tae set eee a eee eee tl, @ Fenothvotemromotuimens see sorte Smee nase ete te Seem oN noe cee mead ees s Le 7 Wen thkotate onc mis a saeters sere ey see a meres Son ee ae el ne Re oo 3.6 Createstabd onninalewldthiwewan a eee ee nie aural eit ten eee Le oe oe 4.6 Wiigliia On pine Geen ars Sb bees Gooe eco eee so eee oS eeeese oSec ee meaes 2.5 Keng nolstonceps= sae e ste oe eds ee oyna ea aS ees See ie < 5.0 The type is unique. Genus OPISTHOCOSMIA Dohrn. OPISTHOCOSMIA BOGOTENSIS, new species. Type.—Male; Bogota, Colombia. (Coll. Henry G. Klages.) [Cat. No. 8166, U.S.N.M.] Apparently allied to 0. brahma Burr from northern India, but dif- fering in the greater size, the different coloration, and the peculiar sculpture of the dorsal surface of the last abdominal segment. Like that species it appears to be quite distinct from any of the other forms of the genus. Size large; form strongly depressed; surface smooth, dull, on the abdomen and forceps supplied with numerous points as detailed in the following. Head subtrigonal, slightly elongate, slightly inflated; caudal margin truncate; eyes rather large and prominent; antenne ather thick, strongly compressed proximad. Pronotum very slightly transverse, the cephalic and lateral margins straight, the cephalo- lateral angles very slightly rounded; caudal margin arcuate, caudo- lateral angles obtusely rounded; transverse median depressed area Proes Neve vol. x xix—05———-3 4. Bao PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. very distinct, the cephalic half distinctly inflated, lateral margins dis- tinctly elevated, and mesad with distinct subparallel depressions; longi- tudinal median sulcus faintly impressed on cephalic half, absent on caudal. Tegmina about two anda half times the length of the prono- tum, broad, the ‘‘shoulder” angles narrowly rounded; caudal margins obliquely rotundato-emarginate toward the median line. Exposed portions of the wings about equal to the length of the pronotum prox- imad, as broad as caudal margin of the tegmina, evenly rounded, with the tips rather narrowly truncate. Abdomen distinctly expanded mesad; three proximal segments with continuous lateral plice, which are very faint on the first and increase gradually in size distad, termi- nating abruptly in a large thickened mass on the third segment; dorsal and lateral margins of all segments except the % » proximal one supplied with series of small, # pead-like tubercles, which are subobsolete on the median portions of the distal segments but quite distinct laterad; anal segment transverse, twice as broad as long, strongly depressed mesad with a distinct longitudinal sulcus at the bottom of the depression, which is anchor shaped, spreading out distad, and embracing two distinct prominences, caudal margin trun- cate, surface of the plate with numerous rasp- like tubercles; subgenital plate transverse, about twice as wide as long, the caudal margin moderately arcuate; pygidium rectangulate, the distal margin truncate, a distinct median longitudinal sulcus present. Forceps elongate, but slightly shorter than the combined length of the pronotum, tegmina, and exposed por- tions of the wings, rounded dorsad, flattened So bi atte Ieee eee MILLA moderately straight in the basal half TENSIS. X 2. or slightly less (the left arm considerably ex- ceeding the right in length), armed at this point with a short thick tooth on the ventral portion of the internal face, distal section of the forceps evenly arcuate, the longer left arm slightly hooked distad; surface of the forceps covered with evenly distributed asperities, those of the ventral surface minute. Limbs rather slender; femora hardly inflated; second and third joints of the caudal tibie together hardly exceeding the proximal in length; second joint strongly compressed proximad, third joint strongly depressed, elliptical, no arolia present. General color seal brown, becoming burnt umber on the forceps and touched with ochraceous on the limbs; exposed portions of the wings ochraceous, with the lateral margins marked with the general color. NO. 1482. NEW SPECIES OF EARWIGS—REHN. ale Measurements. mm. Mengunscim ood yale xGlustvier Gl OlCes)/= ase 2s Soi. Selmi ~~ clin Senet h 16.5 LEMON WOOO) tiem ae. 28 |e Oe ee ae ese BS er Bese eee eee eee 2.9 ienoth: ofiteomene ass see y= a ae OSes OC OEE Hoe Ee See ne eee are 6.5 [Leemadila wore ieee ergo aNE 2 oe ey Se ae Se Oe a Be Breadihneoienalesconmenteemeen se =p = setae. eee MEL Se vee ae ieae/ajeece EO) enc nheOnerOnce pay Clot ALH )kace as mele aot oa ee eicloalesice cocci niece 2s 10.6 The type is unique. Genus APTERYGIDA,Westwood. APTERYGIDA ARACHIDIS (Yersin). 1860. Forficula arachidis Yerstx, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (3), VIII, p. 509, pl. x, figs. 33, 84 and 35. [Marseilles, France]. Jamaica. [U.S.N.M.] One male. This specimen is somewhat larger than specimens from Aguadilla, Porto Rico, recorded as Apterygida gravidula.“ APTERYGIDA ERYTHROCEPHALA (Olivier). 1791. Forficula erythrocephala Outvier, Encyc. Method., Ins., VI, Pt. 2, p. 468. [Cape of Good Hope. ] Luebo, Kongo. (D. W. Snyder.) [U.S.N.M.] One male. Congo. [U.S.N.M.] Two males, one female. Mount Coffee, Liberia. (G. P. Goll.) [U.S.N.M.] One male, one female. Genus FORFICULA Linnezeus. FORFICULA AURICULARIA Linnzus. 1758. [Forficula] auricularia Linn mus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed.; p. 423. [Europe. ] Flores, Azores. (Wm. Trelease.) [U.S.N.M.] Two males, two females. FORFICULA SCHWARZI, new species. Type.—Female; Cayamas, Santiago Province, Cuba. March 4. (E. A. Schwarz.) [Cat. No. 8169, U.S.N.M.] This species appears to be quite distinct from any other member of the genus, principally on account of the peculiar forceps and coloration. Size medium; forceps elongate, depressed; surface glabrous. Head about as broad as long, distinctly broader across the eyes than ceph- alad, caudal angles rather evenly rounded; above subdeplanate, impressed lines distinct; eyes roundly protuberant; antennee with nine joints, proximal elongate cylindrical, second joint narrower than the proximal and about a third the length, third joint slightiy longer than @Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., X XIX, p. 129. 514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. the second, from this joint the succeeding articles regularly increase in length distad. Pronotum as broad as long; cephalic margin truncate, lateral and caudal margins and caudo-lateral angles arcuate, cephalo-lateral angles slightly obtuse; transverse median depressed area slight, lateral regions with slight longitudinal depressions, longi- tudinal median sulcus present, slight, very faint caudad. Tegmina slightly more than twice the length of the pronotum, moderately expanded, ‘‘shoulder” angles rather narrowly rounded; caudal mar- gin of each tegmen arcuato-emarginate. Exposed portions of the wings nearly half as long as the tegmina, rounded on the distal half. Abdomen slightly inflated mesad, the segments armed laterad, and the distal one (excluding anal segment) dorsad with marginal series of bead-like prominences, two proximal seg- ments with lateral plicee; anal segment slightly broader than long, slightly constricted caudad, ‘audal margin slightly produced, thickened, truncate between the centers of the arms of the forceps; subgenital plate transverse, caudal margin broadly arcuate; pygidium subcunei- form, constricted mesad, the base trigonal. Forceps equal to the pronotum, tegmina and exposed portions of the wings in length, mod- erately depressed, expanded at the base with a short internal lamellate ridge, which bears a distinct distal tooth and crenulations on the remainder of the edge; arms subparallel, very slightly caudad of the middle, tips evenly curved mesad, acute, crossed; internal surface Ser Paes an somyes™ of the arms without a distinct ridge and unarmed. Limbs of moderate size, cephalic femora slightly inflated; tarsi strongly depressed, the second joint distinet cordiform and extending considerably beneath the third joint; arolia absent. General color of the head, pronotum, tegmina and exposed portions of the wings buff, rather diluted and weak on the head and pronotum; eyes blackish-brown; antenne slightly obscured distad; tegmina with all the margins except the caudal lined with seal brown, the lateral margins very broadly marked; exposed portions of the wings buff margined laterad with seal brown, the bar narrowing and becoming evanescent caudad. General color of abdomen tawny-olive, more red- dish, the ventrad margins of the segments broadly marked with black- ish laterad; anal segment ferruginous, margined caudad with blackish; pygidium blackish. Forceps rather pale ochraceous, becoming ferru- vinous distad, the margins of the basal expansions blackish. Cephalic limbs buff; median and caudal limbs tawny-olive, the median touched with ferruginous. No. 1432. NEW SPECIES OF EARWIGS—REHN. 515 Measurements. mm etiet naois DOGya (eXClUGIVe! Ol LOLCENS) i sani sew a ode «oo ce aciccie weiss boa ~~ 14.5 ene uneOiwprO motu tee ete ee aa si ee oe ee see cite sade dlecae'e's Eg ene hyo teo mic ikem serene sere os ok ss cae oa coe oe oe ke oe alocas- 4 Length of anal segment....-.-.-.-..- BOHSE SS ABene She Ae ane eee ae ee 2 HUGH EE CHGLOT CO DSN MOM EE aes) oc ake Sees 2 Sok Sade ceccne ae Seeena cos 6. 2 The type is unique. I take pleasure in dedicating this striking species to Mr. E. A. Schwarz, the eminent coleopterist, who collected the type. LIST OF FISHES COLLECTED IN 1882-88 BY PIERRE LOUIS JOUY AT SHANGHAI AND HONGKONG, CHINA. By Davin Starr Jorpan and ALVIN SEALE, Of Stanford University. During the winter of 1882-83, the late Mr. Pierre Louis Jouy, then assistant to the United States National Museum, made a collection of fishes at Shanghai and Hongkong, in connection with a visit to Japan. He was accompanied and assisted by Dr. Frank C. Dale, U.S. N. In the present paper is given a list of the species contained in the collec- tion with descriptions of the new species. Fifteen additional species, none of them new, are omitted from the list on account of the loss of the ‘record of locality. The plates accompanying the paper are the work of Mrs. Chloe Lesley Starks and William Sackston Atkinson. The new species are the following: Cozlia ectenes, Zezera rathbuni, Fistularia starksi, Collichthys fragilis, Prosopodasys leurynnis, and Lleotris balia. For the opportunity of studying this collection we are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Richard Rathbun, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Family ENGRAULID. COILIA ECTENES Jordan and Seale, new species. Head, 5.75 in length; depth, 6.10; maxillary reaching to base of pectoral; D. I, 18; A. 123; six pectoral filaments greatly prolonged, 2.70 in length of fish without caudal; snout, 3.75 in head; eye, 5.10 in head; interorbital width, 3.50 in head; scales, 65 to 70. Body elongate, compressed, tapering evenly from dorsal and ventral fins to a point at caudal; tip of snout prolonged into a short pro- jection; upper edge of the greatly prolonged maxillary serrated; a single row of small sharp teeth in jaws and on palatines, none on vomer; gill-rakers long and slender, 26 on lower limb of outer arch; ventral surface of abdomen sharp and serrated; origin of dorsal directly in line with origin of ventrals, its base, 3 in head, its longest ray, about PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIX—No. 1433. 517 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. XXIX. 1.25 in head; base of anal extending from anterior third of fish to caudal, its rays short, about 3 in head; ventrals short and small, 2.50 in head; pectorals (not pectoral filaments) about equal to head, and about half the length of the filaments; caudal pointed, 3 in head. SS res Fic. 1.—COILIA ECTENES. Color in spirits, uniform silvery white; fins unmarked. Two specimens from Shanghai, China. Length 2.30 to 3.75 inches. Type is Cat. No. 52077, U.S:N.M. Length 3.75 inches. Family CYPRINID. RHODEUS OCELLATUS Kner. Head, 4 in length; depth, 2; D. 14; A. I, 13; scales, 2-33; lateral line showing only on the anterior three scales. Color in spirits, uniform silvery, with no trace of ocellus. Four specimens from Shanghai. Length, 2 to 2.20 inches. ZEZERA RATHBUNI Jordan and Seale, new species. Head, 4.50 in length; depth, 4.20; eye, 6 in head; D.I, 8; A. I, 7; scales about 7-57-6; snout, 3 in head, equal to interorbital width; a single long barbel at posterior end of maxillary, this barbel reaching to angle of preopercle. Fic. 2.—ZEZERA RATHBUNI. Body elongate, compressed, not deep; depth of caudal peduncle, 2 in head; head naked, rather blunt, the upper lip thick and somewhat projecting; depth of head, 1.50 in its length; pharyngeal teeth 5+ 5 No, 1433 FISHES COLLECTED IN CHINA—JORDAN AND SEALE. Sal) short and blunt, rather rounded on top, with but little grinding sur- face; gill-rakers short and blunt, 10 on lower limb of outer arch; about 17 series of scales between head and origin of dorsal; base of dorsal, 1.75 in its length, its longest ray, 1.10 in head; ventrals inserted directly below the first to fourth rays of dorsal, their length, 1.50 in head; origin of anal midway between tip of pectorals and base of caudal; base of anal, 1.50 in its longest ray; pectorals, 1.10 in head. Color in spirits, yellowish white with some silvery reflections; dor- sal with three anterior rays dusky; pectorals with slight wash of dusky on their middle portion; caudal grayish, anal and ventral uni- form yellowish white. One specimen (Cat. No. 52078, U.S.N.M.) from Shanghai, China. Length, 4.50 inches. CARASSIUS AURATUS (Linnezus). One small specimen of the common gold-fish from Hongkong. Length, 3 inches. Family COBITIDZ. MISGURNUS ANGUILLICAUDATUS (Cantor). Head, 5.50 in length; barbels, 10, three on upper and two on lower jaw of each side. Color in spirits, yellowish brown, some indistinct darker markings on upper half of body, usually a black spot on upper half of base of caudal, the spot sometimes extending to lower base of fin also. Two specimens from Shanghai. Length, 5-5.75 inches. These seem fully identical with our specimens from Japan. Family SILURIDZ. FLUVIDRACO FULVIDRACO (Richardson). Head, 3.50 in length; depth, 4.50; D. I, 6; A. 20; pectoral spine serrated on both edges; barbels, 8; caudal deeply forked. Color in spirits, brownish, with a wash of yellowish on under parts. One specimen from Shanghai. Length, 6.25 inches. LIOCASSIS LONGIROSTRIS Ginther. Head, 3.50 in length; depth, 4.75; D. I, 7; A. 15; P. I, 9; caudal deeply forked; barbels, four on upper jaw, four on lower jaw; numer- ous sharp teeth in jaws, vomer, and palatines; a roughened bony plate on nuchal region and at origin of dorsal; pectoral and dorsal spines very strong and armed with barbs; upper jaw projecting. One specimen from China, ‘‘probably Hongkong.” Length, 10 inches. This species was described from a specimen from Jamrach’s collection, said to come from ‘‘ Japan.” It is doubtless Chinese, and should be omitted from Japanese lists. 520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Family FISTULARID. FISTULARIA STARKSI Jordan and Seale, new species. Head, 2.50 in length; snout, 3.15; depth much less than width of body; mandible, 5.20 in snout; eye, 9 in snout, 1.45 in postocular portion of head; maxillary, 2in mandible; the depth of head at nuchal region is greater than its width. The ridges on top of head are as in Fistularia petimba (depressa), as described by Giinther, the median ridges being at all points farther apart than their distance from upper lateral ridge; lower lateral ridges scarcely roughened; the posterior two-thirds of lateral ridges strongly spinous; D. 15; A. 14; about 23 minute separate spinelets in front of dorsal. Body very elongate, flattened, the anterior bones of head projected into a long beak; thoracic portion of body formed of large plates, the upper with 3 smooth longitudinal raised lines; postorbital bones promi- FIG, 3.—FISTULARIA STARKSI. nent, strongly denticulate; interorbital space concave, equal to width of pupil; a prominent, strongly serrated, bony ridge at upper margin of opercles; a row of lateral spines or barbs along the sides of body from head to caudal; these are very strong and barb-like on posterior third of body, much larger and stronger than in any other known species of /’stuluria, the longest barb being about one-half width of pupil; other portions of body smooth, unsealed. Insertion of dorsal directly over anal, the two fins being similar and about equal in size, the distance between their origin and base of caudal, 2 in length of snout; pectorals, 7.20 in snout; ventrals small, 1.50 in eye; caudal small, deeply forked with one median projecting filament which is about 2 in length of snout. Color in spirits, uniform yellow, with wash of red; fins unmarked. One specimen from Hongkong. Cat. No. 52079, U.S.N.M. Length, 14.50 inches. No. 1135. FISHES COLLECTED IN CHINA—JORDAN AND SEALE. 5D Family SYNGNATHID A. SYNGNATHUS SCHLEGELI Kaup. Head, 7.50 in length; snout rather long and slender, its length one- half ereater than postorbital part of head; rings 20 + 34; D. 87; inter- orbital space concave, narrow, equaling one-half of eye; eye, 4in snout; top of head and snout smooth; a small rounded caudal fin equal in length to postorbital part of head; body, about 1.30 in tail; opercle without a distinct ridge; width of body greater than depth. One specimen from Shanghai, identical with this common Japanese species. Family MUGILIDZ. MUGIL CEPHALUS Linnezus. Mugil eur Forsk Au. Head, 4 in length; depth, 4.30; eye, 4 in head, a very broad adipose eyelid; lips thin, the upper with a single row of small fringes. D. IV-9; A. II], 8; scales 37. One specimen from Hongkong, China, 10 inches long; another from Shanghai, 5.50 inches long. Family SERRANID 2. LATEOLABRAX JAPONICUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Head, 3 in length; depth, 3.40; eye, 5 in head; D. X, 12; ‘A. III, 7; scales about 80 in lateral series; maxillary extending to below posterior border of eye; villiform teeth in jaws, vomer, and palatines. Color in spirits, silvery, slightly darker above, with scattered black spots above the lateral line. One specimen from Shanghai. Length, 8 inches. DIPLOPRION BIFASCIATUS (Kuhl and Van Hasselt). Head, 3 in length; depth, 2.20; D. VIII, 14; A. IT, 12. One specimen of this well-marked species from Hongkong. Length, 7.50 inches. Family PRIACANTHID. PRIACANTHUS TAYENUS Richardson. Head, 3 in length; depth, 3; D. X, 12; A. III, 13. Color in spirits, yellowish white, ventral membrane with round black spots, the one nearest the body very much larger than the others. One specimen, length, 2.50 inches, from Hongkong, China. yD) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Family LUTIANID/. LUTIANUS ERYTHROPTERUS (Bloch). Head, 2.50 in length; depth, 2.25; D. XI, 13; A. III, 8; scales about 46; sharp pointed fixed teethin jaws, a single row with a patch in front in lower jaw, two or three rows in upper jaw with one or more curved ‘anines in front; posterior limb of preopercle strongly denticulate, with a stronger spine at angle; opercle with a single sharp spine at posterior tip; maxillary reaching to below anterior margin of pupil. Color in spirits, yellow, about 12 narrow longitudinal brown bands; a large dark brown white-edged ocellus occupying the entire caudal peduncle; a brown stripe from dorsal to eye; caudal white, ventrals black. One young specimen from Hongkong. Length, 1.55 inches. LUTIANUS JOHNII (Bloch). Head, 2.75 in length; depth, 2.50; eye, 4.50 in head; D. XI, 14; A. III, 8, scales, 48. Color in spirits, yellowish white, a large oval black spot under ante- rior portion of soft dorsal; notch of preopercle shallow. One specimen from China, probably Shanghai. Length, 8.50 inches. Family SCLAANID A. PSEUDOSCIAENA POLYACTIS Bleeker. D. X, 35. Second anal spine very short, less than eye. Color in spirits, uniform yellowish white. One specimen from China, probably Shanghai. Length, 10.50 inches. The species is notable for the great length of the dorsal fin. COLLICHTHYS FRAGILIS Jordan and Seale, new species. Head, 3.75 in length; depth, 3.50; D. 1X, 28; A. II, 13; scales of moderate size, very deciduous; eye small, 6 in head; snout, 4 in head; interorbital space, 3 in head; three spines on middle of nuchal region, one directed forward, one directed back. A broad fringed flap on shoulders above posterior portion of opercles. Body moderately elongate, compressed, the fish becoming rather abruptly slender at origin of anal; caudal peduncle slender, its depth about equal to orbit; head large, scaled, roughened with ridges; mouth large, oblique, only the distal portion of maxillary exposed; end of maxillary under the posterior margin of eye, a notch at symphysis of upper jaw; teeth in villiform bands in jaws, with a cluster of slightly larger ones along front of lower jaw; opercles and preopercles apparently entire, several small bony ridges extending No. 1433. FISHES COLLECTED IN CHINA—JORDAN AND SEALE. 523 from vertical limb of preopercle; origin of dorsal directly above origin of pectorals; longest dorsal spine, 2 in head; the longest ray, about 2.50 in head; base of anal, 1.25 in head, its longest ray, 1.75 in head; ventrals, 1.50 in head; pectorals, 1.50 in head; caudal rounded, about 1.25 in head. Color in spirits, uniform, dull yellowish white, with slight wash of brown on back and caudal peduncle; fins uniform. One mutilated specimen, Cat. No. 52080, U.S.N.M., from Shanghai. Length, 4.75 inches. Family OPHICEPHALID ®. OPHICEPHALUS PEKINENSIS Basilewsky. ? Ophicephalus miliaris Cuvier and VALENCIENNES. Head, 2.80 in length; depth, 6.30; eye, 4.50 in head; ventral fins small. D. 49; A. 382; scales about 64; villiform teeth in jaws, vomer, and palatines with larger teeth among them; cheeks and head scaled; maxillary reaching to posterior part of eye; three distinct mucous pores on under part of jaw and three on lower limb of suboperele. Color in spirits brownish, with 12 or 13 indistinct darker stripes or bands on sides and back, taking the form of dusky blotches, two indis- tinct longitudinal lines on sides of head. Two specimens from Shanghai. Length, 2.75-3 inches. This fish may be identical with O. m7/iaris Cuvier and Valenciennes, but as the fins and teeth are not described, it is impossible to make a certain identification. Family POMACENTRID ZX. AMPHIPRION POLYMNUS (Linnzus). Amphiprion Japonicus (SCHLEGEL). One fine specimen, probably from Hongkong, corresponding fully to the account of Amphiprion japonicus. It is very closely allied to Amphiprion snydert Ishikawa, lately described from the Bonin Islands.“ @Proc. Nat. Hist., Imp. Mus., Tokyo, I, 1904, p. 11. p24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. The nuchal band is, how ever, narrower apn more deeply de al than in A. snyder. It is less directed backward and does not involve the bases of the first two dorsal spines. The second band is also narrower and sharper, and the third forms a sharp pearly streak in front of the yellow of the tail and caudal fin. The ventrals and anal are yellow, both with a black edge. The figure of Prochilus polymnus in Bleeker’s Atlas fits our Hong- kong specimen perfectly. We give a colored figure of the latter specimen in another paper, On the fishes collected at Hongkong by William Finch.“ Family LABRIDZE. THALASSOMA LUNARE (Linnzus). Head, 3.75 in length; depth, 3.50; eye, 6.50 in head; caudal lunate, the lobes prolonged. Color in spirits yellowish; head blue, with several bands; pectorals with a blue-black area running parallel with rays on the upper third of fin. One specimen from China, probably Shanghai. Length, 8.25 inches. STETHOJULIS INTERRUPTA (Bleeker). Head, 2.75 in length; depth, 3.25; D. LX, 12; A. III, 11; scales, 27 Gsior in caine Sellonaahy the position of lines and markings are as in Bleeker’s figure, but the lines are whitish in spirits, doubtless red in life. One specimen in the Jouy Collection labeled China (probably from Hongkong). Family CHAZTODONTID . CH42TODON COLLARIS Bloch. Head, 3.75 in length; depth, 1.50; D. XI, 23; A. ITI, 20. One fine specimen from Hongkong; leneene 5.20 inches. This example agrees perfectly with the specimen from Japan, described and figured by Jordan and Fowler.’ Family MONACANTHID 2. MONACANTHUS CHINENSIS (Bloch). Head, 3.50 in length; depth, 2; D. 28; A. 29. Two specimens from Hongkong. Length, 3.25-7.75. The small specimen has the barbs on the dorsal spine stronger than on the large example. a Pao. Davenport eae eat 1905. b Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p: 034. - NO. 1483. FISHES COLLECTED IN CHINA—JORDAN AND SEALE. 525 MONACANTHUS JAPONICUS (Tilesius). Head, 3.50 in length; depth, 1.50; D. I, 27; A. 27; spine barbed, rather strong; color in spirits brownish, with two indistinct dusky bands from base of dorsal and anal. One specimen from Shanghai. Length, 1.50, similar to others from Japan. Family TETRAODONTID. SPHEROIDES RUBRIPES (Schlegel). Head, 2.80 in length; interorbital width, 2.50 in head; caudal trun- cate. Color in spirits yellowish, a brownish wash on back with some indistinct cross-bands, a large blackish ocellus with a white ring on anal and one on base of dorsal, also a ay or brownish blotch anes posterior portion of pectorals. One young specimen from Shanghai. Length, 1.50 inches. Family SCORPAINIDZ. PROSOPODASYS LEURYNNIS Jordan and Seale, new species. Head, 3 in length; depth, 3; D. III-IX, 8; A. I, 7; snout equal to eye; interorbital space, two-thirds width of eye; preorbital with two very large spines directed backward; preopercle with four large spines Fic. 5.—PROSOPODASYS LEURYNNIS. directed backward, the upper one the largest; head without tubercles; no teeth on palatines. Body oblong, compressed, the snout almost straight in profile, the lower jaw slightly the leaeens ; depth of caudal peduncle 3.20 in head; body apparently naked; mouth moderate, the maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of pupil; small teeth on jaws and vomer, no teeth on palatines; gill-rakers consisting of small prickly clusters, 7 of these on lower limb; the first dorsal spine long and strong, situated 526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. directly over posterior margin of orbit, its length equal to postorbital part of head; the three anterior spines graduated, connected by mem- brane, but separated from the fourth spine; the last two dorsal spines also somewhat separated from the others; anal fin rather short, its longest ray, 3.50 in head; ventrals small, short, 2.20 in head; pectorals entire, equal to length of head; caudal rounded, 1.20 in head. Color in spirits, mottled everywhere with yellowish brown; anterior half of caudal white, posterior portion of pectorals brown with a dusky blotch on posterior third; other fins mottled with brown. Two specimens from Hongkong, China. Length, 0.85-1.15 inches. The type is Cat. No. 52081, U.S.N.M. From the absence of palatine teeth it is perhaps a representative of a subgenus distinct from Prosopodasys. Family GOBUD. BOSTRYCHUS SINENSIS Lacépéde. Head, 3.75 in length; depth, 6.05; eye, 6.50 in head; villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; D. VI-I, 12; A. I, 9; a brown ocellus on upper base of the caudal fin; brownish in spirits. Two specimens of the widely diffused species, from Shanghai. Length 4.75-5.50 inches. MOGURNDA OBSCURA (Schlegel). Head, 2.80 in length; depth, 6; eye, 6 in head; D. VII-9; A. 95 scales, 38; bands of small teeth in jaws, none on yomer or palatines; head scaled; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye. Color in spirits, brownish, with blotches and black dots; fins with brown bands. One specimen from Shanghai, China. Length, 5 inches. It is iden- tical with Japanese specimens. We can not separate the Asiatic genus ‘alled Odontobutis Bleeker from the Australian J/ogurnda, of Gill. ELEOTRIS BALIA Jordan and Seale, new species. Head, 3.20 in length; depth, 4.50; D. VI-9; A. 9; scales, about 47 to end of last caudal vertebra; 48 scales between origin of dorsal and snout; eye, 6.50 in head, 1.75 in snout, 2 in interorbital space; maxil- lary extending to below middle of eye. Body moderately elongate, slightly compressed; caudal peduncle deep, 2.90 in head; head rather flat, depressed, the interorbital space almost flat; scales very small on top of head and on cheeks, minute on belly and thorax, larger on sides and largest on caudal peduncle; bands of small teeth in jaws, none on yvomer or palatines; a rather dis- tinct spine directed downward on the posterior margin of preopercle; origin of spinous dorsal over the posterior third of ventrals, the long- est dorsal spine, 2.75 in head; six series of scales between base of —_——_— No. 1433. FISHES COLLECTED IN CHINA—JORDAN AND SEALE. 527 spinous and soft dorsal; base of soft dorsal, 2 in head, its longest ray 2.90 in head; origin of anal about one ray posterior to origin of soft dorsal, its base, 2.50 in head; pectorals, 1.20 in head; ventrals 1.75, in head; caudal rounded, 1.20 in head. Color in spirits, brown, a wide black stripe, made up of small black dots, extending from opercle to caudal; a distinct narrow black line through eye from snout to origin of dark stripe on body; another short black line from posterior margin of orbit to posterior margin of preopercle; some small scattered black dots below the anterior half of the dark body stripe; the centers of the scales a little lighter in color, this giving an indistinct striped appearance to the body; some white Fic. 6.—ELEOTRIS BALIA. spots on under side of head; dorsal fins each with four longitudinal brown lines, darkest on the soft rays, the one at base of spinous dorsal indistinct; pectorals with several narrow irregular brown lines; ven- trals with four or tive brown bands; anal banded with brown; caudal with irregular lines or blotches of brown. One specimen from China, probably from Hongkong; Cat. No. 52082, U.S.N.M. PERIOPHTHALMUS CANTONENSIS (Osbeck). Head, 4 in length; depth, 5.50; D. XIV, 12; A. 12; scales, about 75. - Color in spirits, grayish with a wash of brown on upper part; small dark specks scattered over body; dorsal grayish dusky at top; the soft dorsal with dark specks at base and a dark submarginal band. Eighteen specimens from Shanghai. Length, 0.75-2.50 inches. RHINOGOBIUS PLATYCEPHALUS (Peters). Head, 3.20 inlength; depth, 5.25; eye, 6.50 in head; D. VI-9; A. 6; scales, about 29; teeth in villiform bands in jaws. Color in spirits, yellowish white; a small black opercular spot. Six specimens. Length, 1-3 inches. From Shanghai. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——35 528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIK: ACANTHOGOBIUS OMMATURUS (Richardson). Head, 3.50 in length; depth, 6.10; eye, 5.10 in head; D. LX—-20; A. 16; scales, about 77; head naked except nuchal region, upper half of opercles and the cheeks which bear a few small scales near upper mar- gin of preopercle; in lower jaw a single irregular row of rather large sharp-pointed teeth, upper jaw with two or three rows, with some larger curved teeth intermingled. Color in spirits, uniform yellowish white; dorsal with brownish oblique stripes; caudal with a dusky shade. . Two specimens from Shanghai. Length, 4-4.50 inches. GOBIICHTHYS MICROLFEPIS (Bleeker). Head, 4 in length; depth, 6; interorbital width one-half pupil; D. VI-13; A. 14; scales, about 55, larger on posterior part of body; head naked; opercles and preopercles entire; a single row of sharp curved teeth in upper jaw, two rows of slightly smaller ones in lower jaw; maxillary extending to below anterior third of eye; lower jaw the longer; anterior dorsal ray longest; caudal elongate. Color in spirits, yellowish, a tint of dusky on tip of posterior rays of spinous dorsal. Five specimens from Hongkong. Length, 4.50-5 inches. PARACHATURICHTHYS POLYNEMUS (Bleeker). ‘Head, 3.95 in length; depth, 5.20; D. VI-11; A. 10; scales, 27; head and cheeks scaled; teeth in several rows, with some enlarged outer ones; caudal elongate, sharp; dorsal not elongate; numerous barbels on lower margin of subopercles, isthmus and lower jaw. Color in spirits, yellowish brown; the fins all have a wash of dusky; a large black, white-edged ocellus on upper rays of caudal, not extending on caudal peduncle or on base of fin; scales on top of head. rather large. Three specimens from Hongkong. Length, 2.20-3 inches. Family PLEURONECTID. ARNOGLOSSUS TENUIS Gunther. Head, 4 in length; depth, 2.75; D. 90; A. 70: small sharp teeth on ach jaw; eyes close together on left side. Two small specimens of this most fragile of flounders, from Hong- kong. Length 2.50 inches. They agree well with Giinther’s deserip- tion.“ “Shore Fishes, Challenger, p. 59. no. 1433. FISHES COLLECTED IN CHINA—JORDAN AND SEALE. as PSEUDORHOMBUS ARSIUS (Hamilton-Buchanan). Head on left side; head, 3.85 in length; depth, 2.05; interorbital nar- row, less than pupil. D. 74; A. 55; scales about 75; curved portion of lateral line 3 in the straight portion: maxillary reaching to anterior margin of pupil. Color in spirits, yellowish, with numerous lighter spots and dots, an indistinct dusky blotch on lateral line; scales ctenoid on both sides. One specimen from Hongkong. Length, 8.50 inches. Family SOLEID 2. CYNOGLOSSUS AREL (Bloch and Schneider). Head. 4.50 in length: depth, 4.25: eve, 3.20 in snout; D. 120; by] Pas) « scales 96. One specimen from Hongkong. Length, 10.50 inches. Family CALLIONY MID. CALLIONYMUS OLIDUS Gunther. Head, 2.75 in length; depth, 11; D. IV-10; A. 9; three anterior dor- sal spines elongate, filiform, the fourth short; preopercular spine strong, equal to length of eye, with four hooked barbs on the poste- rior arm and one spine directed forward at base. One small specimen. Length, 2.50 inches, from Shanghai. It agrees very well with the account given by Ginther era ae ON THE SYNTOMID MOTHS OF SOUTHERN VENEZUELA COLLECTED IN 1898-1900. By Epwarp A. KLacEs, Of Crafton, Pennsylvania. Having recently studied the Syntomide remaining in my collections brought from Venezuela, as well as some received later, and finding a comparatively large percentage new to science, it was deemed advisa- ble to undertake a thorough study of the species. As the U. S. National Museum acquired a complete representation of the moths taken by me in Venezuela after the first year’s collecting,” arrangements were made with its officials whereby I have been ena- bled to undertake the study of almost all the accessible species of Syntomide’ taken by me during my entire trip in Venezuela. The present paper is therefore based primarily upon specimens’ in the U. S. National Museum and, solely, upon species collected by the author. The arrangement followed is in accordance with that in Hampson’s admirable work on the family.” with such minor changes as are warranted by the present study and the writer's knowledge of their habits. PSEUDOSPHEX AURIFERA, new species. ¢ Female.—Head, and thorax beneath, dark brown: antenne fulvous with dilated portion purple; two outer joints of palpi, the frons, and head behind eyes with some grey hair; neck, tegule, and thorax above, clothed with golden hair; legs fulvous, the front pair dark; abdomen “The Tring Museum received the specimens taken during the first vear in the field. >Some of the species taken the first year were not found in duplicate, and such of them as were not taken later are necessarily omitted. Of the species taken after the first year two are not included because it was impossible to study the venation with- out some injury to the specimens, which, being uniques, it would be unadvisable to mar. At least two other species were not found in time to be studied. «Catalogue of the Syntomidee in the Collection of the British Museum, by Sir George F. Hampson, Bart PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIX—No. 1434. 532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, fulvous-brown; the sides and ‘ventral snide: of eecond segment and lateral patches and ventral fringe on third segment silvery; wings yellow-hyaline, the veins and cilia brown. Fore wing with the area in front of the median nervure and vein 5 brown, the cell with the scales less dense toward base;. the inner area with brown fascia expanded to vein l except on outer third. Hind wing with fulvous costal fascia, and the front of cell rather thinly clothed with brownish scales. Expanse.—28-30 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types. —Cat. No. 8403, U.S.N.M., and in hollection of the author. This species, as well as the next, belongs to the same generic sec- tion as P. polistes Hiibner. PSEUDOSPHEX CAURENSIS, new species. Male.—Head fulvous-yellow; antenne, tegule, thorax, and legs fulvous; lower part of frons and line behind eyes white; vertex with black patch; mesothorax clothed rather thinly between dorsal line and patagia; fore cox, and streaks on fore and middle femorw silvery; abdomen withthe first three segments and ventral valve fulvous, the fourth segment with the ventral surface light fulvous, the upper sur- face and following segments black; the first segment with subdorsal black lines, the second and third dorsal segments narrowly edged, and the fourth dorsal segment irrorated and broadly edged with fulvous- yellow; the ventral valve and the third ventral segment fringed with White; wings fulvous-hyaline, the veins fulvous. Fore wing with costal and inner fascia fulvous and the outer end of cell and area for- ward of vein 5 somewhat irrorated. Hind wing with fulvous costal fascia. Exrpanse.—30-32 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types. —Cat. No. 8404, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. PSEUDOSPHEX POLISTES, Hubner. - Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. SPHECOSOMA GRACILIS, new species. Male.—Head, thorax, and legs orange; palpi in front with some whitish scales; antenne with the shaft reddish and the branches dark; spot on vertex, band on back of bead, patches on tegule, stripes on patagia, and large patches on meso- and meta-thorax black; pectus with white spots; fore cox whitish at base; abdomen fulvous above and lighter below, the segments fringed with fulvous-yellow; the front of first segment with a black bar expanded at middle into a short dorsal stripe not reaching second segment; the tubercles with a few No, 1434. VENEZUELAN SYNTOMID MOTHS-—KLAGES. 533 silver-green eales: ; wing's ruler hyaline, the ¥ veins, ail margins very narrowly, brown. Fore wing with fulvous inner fascia. Female.—Other than in the antenne, there are no definite secondary characters. Expanse.—26-30 mm. Habitat. —Suapure, and the upper Caura, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8405, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. Allied to 8S. anqgustatum Méschler. POMPILIODES ALIENA Walker. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. ISANTHRENE CRABRONIFORMIS Staudinger. This differs a little from the typical form, of which it seems to be a variation due to locality. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. HYDA BASILUTEA Walker. Habitat.—Ciudad Bolivar and Suapure, Venezuela. PHCENICOPROCTA VACILLANS Walker. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. PHEIA LATERALIS, new species. Female.—Head, body, and legs brown-black; frons with lateral white spots; antenne with minute streaks at base, and stripes near tips white; patches on tegule, shoulders, meso and metathorax, and stripes on patagia crimson; cox with white spots; abdomen with two dorsal white stripes on first segment, followed by two dorsal series of golden green spots, smallest at beginning, and subdorsal broad crimson stripes which beyond the sixth segment are abruptly narrowed (form- ing lateral stripes) and of a lighter or orange hue; the first three seg- ments with ventral broad white stripe; wings hyaline, the veins and margins brown-black. Fore wing with a small basal patch below cell expanding into a short streak lane front of vein 1, a long subcostal streak, and a short streak on inner fascia crimson; a brown-black dis- coidal spot conjoined to the costal fascia, the terminal band wide on apical area and below vein 2. Hind wing with the terminal band wide on apical area and expanded at tornus. Eixpanse.—3 Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8406, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. Allied to P. daphena Hampson and P. utica Druce. 534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL M USEUM. VOL. XXIX; PHEIA UTICA Druce. Habitat.—Ciudad Bolivar and Suapure, Venezuela. PHEIA ALBISIGNA Walker. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. - MIMAGYRTA PULCHELLA, new species. Female.—Head, thorax, and abdomen above, brown-black; pectus, legs, and abdomen beneath, white; streaks on front of palpi, the frons, streaks behind eyes, spots below tegule, subdorsal spots on meso- thorax, and subdorsal patches of hair on meso and metathorax white; tegule dorsally tipped with white and with some metallic blue scales; patagia with small patch of whitish scales; legs streaked with brown; abdomen with subdorsal lines and interrupted lateral streaks whitish; the anal tufts and sublateral stripes on terminal segments brown-black; wings brown-black. Fore wing with white point at base of costal nervure, a broad yellow streak below base of cell, an oblique yellow patch in end of cell and extending to vein 1, an oblique hyaline band beyond the cell between veins 3 and 7, and some brilliant blue scales at base of inner margin; the underside as above, but without the brilliant blue and with whitish streaks on base. Hind wing with yellow fascia from base below the cell and vein 2 extending above vein 4 and between 3 and 4 to near termen; a few brilliant blue scales along vein 1, the cilia on inner margin white; underneath as above, but with whitish streak on base of costal area, a yellowish splash below the yellow fascia, and without any brilliant blue scales. “cpanse.—32 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8407, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. This species bears a striking resemblance to Chrostosoma tricolor Felder and, as the venation is but slightly different, it seems that the two genera should be placed closer together than has been done. LOXOPHLEBIA TRIANGULIFERA Felder. FHabitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. COSMOSOMA HAMPSONI, new species. Male.—Head and body above, dark orange; below, orange-yellow; palpi orange-yellow or orange; frons paler below; antenne black with the inner part of basal joint orange; paired spots on vertex, meso and metathorax, and spots on tegule black with metallic blue patches; patagia with black border, the inner margin’ usually with slight metallic blue streak, the shoulders with metallic blue spots, pectus paar No. 1434. VENEZUELAN SYNTOMID MOTHS—KLAGES. 535 with metallic blue patches; fore coxee whitish; tibiz with basal black stripes usually streaked with metallic blue, the stripes on fore and middle tibiz short; abdomen with ventral valve; the front of first four dorsal segments narrowly whitish; the hind part of dorsal segments with subdorsal black patches (small or absent beyond sixth segment) usually (in types the first six pairs) enclosing metallic blue spots; usually the first five or six (in types five) pairs of patches connected dorsally, and the first three to five pairs rather extended laterally: underneath with silvery band (often hidden by ventral valve) on front of fourth segment, and the medial segments with or without lateral black spots, often enclosing metallic blue patches; wings yellow hyaline, the veins, and margins narrowly brown-black. Fore wing with metallic blue points at base, the terminal band wide on apical area, the inner fascia black. Hind wing with the terminal band wide at vein 1, the inner fascia orange. Female.—The whitish fascia on fore cox and the silvery band on underside of fourth segment are absent; fore wing with basal orange streak on inner fascia. The ventral valve is of course absent. Expanse.—Males 34-42 mm.; females 34-48 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8408, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. Remarkable for the great variation in size. In rare instances the metallic markings are blue-green. Allied to C. nigricorn’s Fabricius. Named after Sir George F. Hampson in recognition of his lepidop- terological writings, which, although of wonderful magnitude, are unexcelled in system and accuracy. COSMOSOMA GEMMATUM Butler. The form taken has the legs brown-black, and the abdomon with sublateral series of metallic blue spots (as in C. wanthocera Hampson). The male has the fore coxe and streaks on legs brownish yellow, and the abdomen beneath without yellow spots on third segment. This form is evidently due to the locality. Flabitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. COSMOSOMA GEMMATUM Butler var. KANTHOCERA Hampson. In the form taken the antenne are black, with the branches orange, and the shaft very rarely streaked. The abdomen frequently with orange spot or band on front of sixth segment, and the band on fifth segment not reduced in the male. While the ground color of the head and body in this form is orange and in gemmatum black, the two forms are identical in habits, were observed to commingle sexually, and are undoubtedly varieties of 5386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. each other. They should be listed as given above, though the discoy- ery of the new form of wanthocera makes the latter name no longer appropriate. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. COSMOSOMA TEUTHRAS Walker. In one specimen the discocellular spot was entirely absent, whereas in all other individuals it was quite prominent. Habitat.—Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela. COSMOSOMA ACHEMON Fabricius. In this species the male has the terminal band of forewing expanded between veins 2 and 3 to cell and along it to vein 4, the expanded portion being entirely black or with more or less broad orange-red streaks between the veins, the latter form agreeing with the descrip- tion of the type. Habitat.—Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela. COSMOSOMA ACHEMON Fabricius. Variety.—In this rare form the usual red of the underside of the body is superseded by black, thus conforming to the coloration of the male. Huepanse.—28 mm. Habitat. —Ciudad Boliyar, Venezuela. COSMOSOMA ACHEMON Fabricius var. BOLIVARENSIS, new variety. Male.—Head and body black; antenne with some white on tips; patch on frons, spot between and spots behind antenne, spots on tegule and thorax, patches on pectus, fore coxe below, and slight basal streaks on tibive metallic blue; patagia with or without red stripe (in types without stripe in males, with stripe in females); abdomen with subdorsal series of metallic blue spots; the ventral surface with sublateral series of metallic blue spots which are very large on basal segment, and usually obsolete beyond (as in types); wings hyaline, the veins and margins black. Fore wing with metallic blue point at base of subcostal nervure, a black basal patch, a narrow black discoidal lunule; the terminal band very wide on apical area and expanded between veins 2 and 3 to cell and along it to vein 4. Hind wing with the terminal band wide at apex and expanded at tornus. Female.-—W ith the terminal band of fore wing not expanded between veins 2 and 4. Expanse.—26-30 mm. Tabitat.—Ciudad Bolivar and Suapure, Venezuela, though only one specimen was met with at the latter place. a No, 1434, VENEZUELAN SYNTOMID MOTHS—KLAGES. a Types.—Cat. No. 8409, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. The orange-red of the body and wings in achemon is, in this form, almost if not entirely superseded by black. It is closely allied to C. remotum Walker, and it is very likely that the latter and, perhaps, one or two more of the related ‘* species,” may yet be added tothe list of varieties. The three forms herein listed were found together and are exactly alike in habits. MYCETROCNEME VARIPES Walker. The only specimen taken is a female in which the hyaline area of the fore wing is reduced to a small spot below the cell, and another between veins 3 and 4. fHabitat.--Suapure, Venezuela. SAURITA CRYPTOLEUCA Walker. Flabitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. SAURITA CASSANDRA Linneus. Habitat.—Ciudad Bolivar and Suapure, Venezuela. SAURITA VITRISTRIGA Druce. As the male of this species was evidently unknown when Mr. Hampson monographed the family, the following description is given: Male.—Abdomen with ventral valve covering the basal segments, the valve black-brown broadly fringed with white; the last four ven- tral segments yellowish, and the preceding two with sublateral white spots. In this species the wings show considerable variation; the hyaline area in some individuals being inconspicuous, though it is usually prominent and occasionally occupies about one-fourth of the whole area. The male having a ventral valve would place this species in the same group as S. cassandra Linneus. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. / SAURITA ANTHRACINA, new species. Female.—Body black; frons and vertex with bluish metallic spots and some whitish scales; spots on tegulze, shoulders, pectus, meso- thorax, and spot on metathorax metallic blue with some whitish scales; legs brown-black; abdomen with dorsal and lateral lines, and sublateral series of spots metallic green merging into blue at base; wings brown- black. Fore wing above slightly suffused with brilliant blue; under- neath with short metallic blue streak on base of costal nervure, and a suffused brilliant blue streak on median nervure with branckes on 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. veins 2, 3, and 4. Hind wing beneath with a suffused brilliant blue streak on median nervure. Eixpanse.—42 mm. Tlabitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 8410, U.S.N.M. SAURITA VENEZUELENSIS, new species. Male.—Black; tegule, patagia, and thorax above orange; the head, body, and base of fore wings with some metallic blue scales. Fore wing with hyaline streaks in interspaces of basal half. Hind wing with the interspaces hyaline. Female.—The orange on tegule obsolete in type, the interspaces of both wings hyaline, and the veins and margins black. Kxpanse.—22-25 mm. Habitat.—Ciuadad Bolivar, Suapure, and the Caura Valley, Venezuela. Types.—In collection of the author. This and the next form are closely related to S. temenus Stoll, and the present form seems intermediate. Possibly these three may prove to be varieties of one species ¢ SAURITA VENEZUELENSIS E. A. Klages, var. OBSCURA, new variety. Like the preceding, but without orange markings in males or females. Habitat.—The same as preceding form. Types.—Cat. No. 8411, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. SAURITA THORACICA, new species. Male.—Dark fuscous; frons whitish; thorax and pectus orange-red; fore coxe below with long whitish scales, the fore tibiz with white streaks; wings orange-red at base. Lemale.—No markings on fore coxe and legs. Expanse.—Male, 20 mm.; female, 25 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8412, U.S.N.M. PSOLOPTERA LEUCOSTICTA Hibner. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. HISTIZZA BELLATRIX Walker. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. HISTIAZA MONTICOLA, new species. temale.—Brown-black; frons yellowish below; shoulders with yel- lowish spots mixed with brown scales; points behind antennee, points on tegule, dorsal streak on metathorax, and patches on pectus metal- ~ No. 1434. VENEZUELAN SYNTOMID MOTHS—KLAGES. 539 lic blue; legs brown, the fore coxe with yellow patches. Abdomen with two dorsal and subdorsal brownish-yellow patches on front of first segment; the front of the second and third dorsal segments with lateral yellowish fasciz nearly meeting above; the second, third, and fourth segments with ventral broad yellow bands; a dorsal spot on second segment, lateral series of spots beginning on same segment, and incomplete sublateral series of spots metallic blue. Fore wing with metallic-blue spots at base; a subcostal basal streak, a basal streak below cell, a patch in end of cell, and streaks below base of vein 2 crimson, slightly irrorated with brown scales; the discocellulars with metallic-blue streaks; an oblique postmedian series of yellowish spots between veins 3 and 7, the lower two being displaced outwardly; underside marked about as above, but with a metallic-blue streak in median part of cell, the lower discocellular streak expanded, and the crimson markings without brown scales and outlined clearly. Hind wing with basal large crimson patch below the cell, and an oblique postmedian series of crimson spots between veins 2 and 6; underside marked as above. Kepanse.—62-66 mm. Habitat.—Suapure Mountains, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8413, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. MACROCNEME THYRIDIA Hampson. The coloration in this species is subject to considerable variation, the metallic color varying from bronze-green to topaz and dark cupreous. The fore wing above often with medial metallic streaks which are sometimes expanded and conjoined into a more or less prominent central band. Habitat.—Ciudad Bolivar and Suapure, Venezuela. MACROCNEME AFFINIS, new species. Female.—Black; basal spots on palpi, lateral spots on frons, and antenne near tips white; tegule with white tips and some metallic- blue scales; subdorsal stripes on thorax, and streaks on patagia metallic blue; spots on trochanters, basal spots on fore coxee, and tips of hind tarsi white; tibie and fore coxe usually with metallic-blue streaks. Abdomen with subdorsal and lateral white spots on first seg- ment, lateral and sublateral spots on second, and ventral points on the other segments; the dorsal surface beyond the subdorsal spots, and the sides of medial ventral segments suffused more or less with dark cupreous green. Fore wing with white point at base of costa; some metallic blue on base and streaks of same in and below end of cell and above inner margin; underneath with a subcostal streak, and large fascie in and below cell metallic blue. Hind wing underneath 540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL -MUSEUM. State with large metallic-blue fasciz on front half to beyond end of cell, and sometimes with fascia on inner area. Expanse.—-36 wm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8414, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. This species is allied to JZ thyridia Hampson. MACROCNEME CHRYSOTARSIA Hampson. In one specimen the hind tarsi are entirely black. Habitat. —Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela. MACROCNEME CAURENSIS, new species. Male.—Black; palpi with the basal joint and front of second joint white, the third joint sometimes streaked; lower part of frons with the sides white and some bluish scales between; vertex with some metallic-blue scales; points fore and aft on basal joint of antenne, streaks behind eyes, and spots on neck white; patches on tegule, spots on shoulders, subdorsal spots on mesothorax, spot on metathorax, streaks on patagia, fore coxe below, and streaks on tibize white suf- fused with metallic blue; spots on trochanters, and tips of hind tarsi white. Abdomen with metallic green dorsal and lateral stripes; the ventral valve metallic green broadly edged with white; the exposed ventral segments with sublateral series of white spots, sometimes con- nected ventrally. Fore wing with white point at base of subcostal nervure, some metallic green at base, and streaks in and in front of cell; underneath with subcostal streak, and large fasciz in and below cell metallic green. Hind wing underneath with large metallic-green fascie in and in front of cell. The metallic green on the body and wings is blue in oblique light. ; Expanse.—30 mm, /labitat.—Suapure and Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela, though only one specimen was met with at the latter place. Types.—Cat. No. 8415, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. Allied to JZ. alesa Druce. MACROCNEME VITTATA Walker. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. CALONOTOS TIBURTUS Cramer? Habitat. Most if not all the species in this genus show considerable variation in the markings of the wings, and without the types before me it has been found impracticable to make definite determinations save in one instance. Two or three species of the genus were taken at Ciudad Bolivar. Suapure, Venezuela. NO. 1454. VENEZUELAN SYNTOMID MOTHS—KLAGES. 541 CALONOTOS sp. FHlabitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. CALONOTOS sp. Differs chiefly from the former in that the male has the fore cox clothed with rather long hair. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. CALONOTOS PLUMULATUS, new species. Male.—Brown-black; frons with lateral brown-mixed whitish patches; antenne with some white on tips; points on tegule, spots on pectus, fore coxre, and trochanters, and the tips of middle and hind femore white; abdomen above with white subdorsal lines and lateral spots on first segment, followed by dorsal and lateral broad golden green stripes; underneath with sublateral golden green stripes on first seven segments, and a ventral series of white spots. Fore wing with metallic blue-green basal streak below costa, and broad basal streak below median nervure; underneath with a subcostal short metallic blue-green streak at base, another beyond the middle, and a short streak in front part of cell. Hind wing underneath with broad metal- lic blue-green basal streaks in and in front of cell. Antenne with the branches very long. yr panse.—d0 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 8416, U.S.N.M. POLIOPASTEA VERDIVITTATA, new species. Female.—Black; trons, streaks below eyes, spots on neck, median spots on patagia, and spots on pectus and trochanters white; spots on tegule and shoulders, dorsal streak on mesothorax, and patch on metathorax golden green; abdomen with broad golden green dorsal, lateral, and sublateral stripes, the lateral stripes beginning on second segment and in line with white stripes on first segment. Fore wing with white speck at base of costa, a subcostal short hyaline streak near base, and a broad golden green streak below base of cell; underneath with golden green streaks in cell. Hind wing underneath with basal short golden green streak below costa, and broad streak in cell. Eirpanse.—44 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 8417, U.S.N.M. 542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU, Soxk. POLIOPASTEA VERDIVITTATA E. A. Klages, var. FENESTRATA, new variety. Female.—Like the former, but with these additional characters: Fore wing with a median hyaline spot below the cell, and a postmedian series between veins 3 and 7 with the intervening portions of veins streaked with white. Hind wing with a hyaline spot beyond the cell. Expanse.—44 mm. Habitat.—Ciudad Bolivar and Suapure, Venezuela, the latter being the type locality. Types.—Cat. No. 8418, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. POLIOPASTEA PLUMBEA Hampson. flabitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. TRICHURA MONSTRABILIS, new species. _ Male.—Head and body black; palpi in front, and streaks on neck white; frons, vertex, cheeks, tegule, shoulders, patagia, thorax, and legs with patches of metallic blue (sometimes blue-green) scales; cove with white patches; abdomen suffused with dark bronze-green, the constricted segment white at sides and beneath; wings hyaline, the veins and margins black. Fore wing with the base black with or without metallic blue point; a discoidal black bar conjoined to the costal fascia; the terminal band wider on apical half, underneath with basal white streak on subcostal nervure. Hind wing with apical black patch diminishing to vein 2, and the lobe on inner margin black, | underneath with subcostal long white streak. Abdomen with or with- out (in types with) appendage on terminal segment. Female.—Palpi, neck, and cox without white; the white on under- side of wings absent or inconspicuous. The abdomen, of course, is withoat the terminal appendage. Expanse.—32-38 mm. Habitat.—Suapure and the upper Caura, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8405, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. Belongs between 7. esmeralda and T. latifascta Walker. TRICHURA COARCTATA Drury. fHabitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. TRICHURA AURIFERA Butler. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. TRICHURA MATHINA Druce. Tlabitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. No. 1434. VENEZUELAN SYNTOMID MOTHS—KLAGES. 543 ZETHRIA ANDROMACHA Fabricius. The form taken has the extremity of abdomen crimson. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. ZETHRIA CARNICAUDA Butler. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. JETHRIA LANGLEYI, new species. Female.—Head and body black; sides of frons white; cheeks, patches on tegule and shoulders, streaks on patagia, dorsal spots on meso- thorax and metathorax, and spots on pectus golden green; fore coxe with silvery patches, and hind femore with white spots on tips; abdo- men with the dorsal surface somewhat shot with brilliant blue, becom- ing obsolete toward tip; dorsal and moderately long lateral series of golden green spots inclosing patches of whitish scales; the terminal tufts and sides of preceding segment crimson, and the underside with short series of sublateral white patches; wings hyaline, the veins and margins black. Fore wing with the basal area black with golden green patch at base; a black discoidal bar conjoined to the costal fascia; the terminal band slightly expanded toward apex and at tornus. Hind wing with the terminal band expanding to costa and into a short streak below vein 1. Kixpanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 8420, U.S.N.M. This species belongs in the same generic section as the former two, us indicated by the venation of the fore wing. Named after Dr. 8S. P. Langley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti- tution. ZETHRIA ELIZA, new species. Male.—Head and body deep black; palpi with the base and streaks on front white; head with white streaks behind eyes; shoulders with spots, the lower part being white and the upper part metallic blue- green; patches on tegule, stripes on patagia, dorsal patches on meso and metathorax, and patches on pectus metallic blue-green; patches on cox and spots on tips of middle and hind femore white; abdomen above with the first three segments and patch on fourth segment bril- liant blue; the first six segments with dorsal, and excepting first seg- ment, lateral, and sublateral series of white spots, the sublateral spots being the largest; the second segment with sublateral metallic blue- green spots in front of the white spots, which on this and the next two segments are connected ventrally by a few white scales; the terminal tufts crimson; wings hyaline, the veins, and margins rather broadly deep black. Fore wing with the basal area black with metallic Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——36 544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. blue-green patch at base; a discoidal deep black bar conjoined to the costal fascia; the terminal band slightly expanded toward apex and at tornus; underneath with subcostal short basal streak, and front half of basal patch metallic blue-green. Hind wing with base of cell bril- liant blue, and a similar basal patch below it, the patches shortened toward front: the terminal band expanding widely toward apex and inclosing small hyaline spots above and below vein 6, and wide and somewhat dentate between veins | and 2; underneath with basal short metallic blue-green streak below costa; the basal patches black. The metallic blue-green markings change to blue or green, according to the direction of the light. te panse.—45-47 mm. Fabitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8421,.U.5.N.M., and in collection of the author. As indicated by the venation of the fore wing, this species also belongs to the same generic section as the latter. Superficially it bears considerable resemblance to the species described by Druce under the name of da/tha, a species belonging to a different generic section. Of this splendid family this is the most beautiful species known to me, and I therefore name it after my mother. ARGYRCEIDES CERES Druce. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. It has been found advisable to place this species of Argyrwides at the head of those taken, owing to the discovery of a species belonging to a new generic section. ARGYRCEIDES AURANTICINCTA, new species. Male.—Head, palpi, pectus, and legs orange; antenne, tegule, and thorax above, black; antennez with the~basal joint orange in front; vertex with subdorsal black spots behind, and with or without black patch on front; edges: of tegule, borders of patagia, and patch on metathorax orange; coxe orange-yellow, and legs with black streaks; abdomen black above and orange-yellow below; the first dorsal seg- ment with tuft at middle and some hair on sides and edge orange; the hind part of second dorsal segment and the front two-thirds of third dorsal segment naked (the exposed skin brownish yellow), the third and following dorsal segments with orange bands behind, the bands on third and seventh segments narrow; the terminal tufts crimson; wings yellow-hyaline, the veins black with yellowish splashes, and the mar- gins narrowly black. Fore wing with basal orange spot, with or without crimson point; a long orange streak on edge of costa; a narrow discoidal black bar conjoined to the costal fascia, which is wider on outer half; the terminal band slightly expanded toward apex and below vein 2. Hind wing with the terminal band slightly expanded at apex, and the lobe on inner margin clothed with orange hair. No. 1434. VENEZUELAN SYNTOMID MOTHS—KLAGES. 545 Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8422, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. The partial nakedness of the constricted dorsal segments seems to bea natural character which might easily escape notice or be attributed to accidental denudation, and likely does not occur outside of this genus, in which it seems limited to a few or possibly, though not likely, two species. ARGYRC@IDES SUAPURENSIS, new species. Male.—Head and body brown-black; palpi in front, edge, and some- times lower part of frons, and spots fore and aft on basal joint of antenne brownish white; lines behind eyes white; vertex with some erayish hair; tegule and patagia with grayish or yellowish edges; shoulders and thorax with some grayish or yellowish hair; pectus with whitish patches; fore cox below, and patches on middle and hind cox whitish; hind tibie fringed with rough hair on outer half of inner edge; abdomen with the back part of second dorsal segment, and the front half or two-thirds of third dorsal segment naked (the exposed skin brownish yellow); the third dorsal segment with or with- out (in types with) yellow on edge; the next four dorsal segments edged with yellow, but very narrowly on seventh segment; the third segment ventrally whitish behind, and the next four ventral segments with narrow yellow or whitish fringes; wings yellow hyaline, the veins brown-black with some yellowish splashes, and the margins very narrowly brown-black. Hind wing with the lobe on inner margin clothed with black hair. Female.—The whitish patches on fore coxe are absent. Expanse.—23-26 mm. Habitat.—-Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8423, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. The partial nakedness of the constricted dorsal segments in this species is a constant and natural character discovered from a critical examination of quite a number of specimens, nearly all of which are in excellent condition. The underside of the third segment is nor- mally more or less bared in front, the denudation most likely being ‘aused by some action of the legs. This species constitutes a new generic section on account of the hind tibie being fringed. DIPTILON HALTERATA Fabricius. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. It is strange that this species, whose hind wings are of little if any use in its flight, should be taken so far north of its first-known habitat. 546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. SYNTRICHURA VIRENS Butler var. REBA Druce. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. EUMENOGASTER NOTABILIS Walker var. CAURENSIS, new variety. Male.—Head, thorax, and legs brown-black; palpi in front, some hair on frons, streaks behind eyes, spots on basal joint of antenne, patches on fore and hind coxe, and on outer end of fore femors white; vertex and tegule with some yellowish hair; patagia with streak of yellow hair, and the inner edge and posterior part fringed with yellow and brown hair which are long behind; metathorax with similar long hair; hind tarsi yellow beneath; abdomen with the first three segments brown-black, and the others dark red becoming brown at extremity; the first segment with slight dorsal yellow tufts; subdorsal spots on front of second segment, and the front half of third dorsal segment silvery; the fourth dorsal segment with or without silvery line on front; the anterior two-thirds of third segment, and the front of fourth seg- ment silvery beneath; wings veliowish hyaline, the veins and margins brown. Fore wing with very long scarlet subcostal streak; some yellow scales below base of cell; the area between discocellulars and apex clouded by being sparsely irrorated with black and crimson scales; the terminal band rather broad and slightly expanded toward apex. The veins on underside of both wings yellowish. Expanse.—80-32 mim. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8424, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. This form is very much like xotabi/is Walker, and should be regarded us a variety of it as herein considered. EUMENOGASTER HAMACERA Hampson. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. SESIURA SMARAGDINA Walker. FHabitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. CHRYSOSTOLA MELLINA Herrick-Schaffer. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. CHRYSOSTOLA A®QUALIS Walker. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. PSEUDARGYROEIDES, new genus. Proboscis well. developed; palpi upturned, not reaching vertex of head; antennee bipectinate, with short branches, the shaft dilated at middle; tibee with the spurs moderate, the fore and middle tibiz No. 1484. VENEZUELAN SYNTOMID MOTHS—KLAGES. D47 fringed with rough hair; abdomen with the second and third segments constricted, the third segment quite narrow at middle. Fore wing with vein 2 from near middle of cell; 3 from well before angle; 4 from angle; 5 from above angle; 6 from below upper angle; 7, 5, 9. and 10, stalked; 11 from the cell near end. Hind wing with the cell long, the front part being the longer; vein 2 from long before angle; 3 from angle; 4 absent; 5 from well above angle: 6 from well below upper angle. Type. ee COMUPENSTS. PSEUDARGYROEIDES CAURENSIS, new species. Female.—Head and body brown-black; palpi with the tips orange in front; frons with lateral dark yellow spots; antenne with yellow point on front of basal joint; some hair on vertex, and streaks on neck dark yellow; streaks behind eyes metallic green; tegule sprinkled with dark yellow scales; mesothorax with subdorsal dark yellow stripes; metathorax with patch of some metallic blue scales, and some brown and dark yellow hair; patagia fringed with dark yellow, the hind part with brown and dark yellow hair; pectus with large dark metallic blue fascix and median yellowish patch; abdomen with dorsal point on front of first segment, and dorsal spot on front of second seg- ment vellow; the first segment with a few dark yellow hair; the third segment beneath, and the front half above, yellowish, as are ventral fringes on the next three segments; the third, fourth, and fifth dorsal segments edged with dark yellow scales; wings yellow hyaline, the veins brown-black and yellowish above, yellowish below, and the margins narrowly brown-black. Fore wing with a discoidal bar; the terminal band. expanded between vein 4 and apex; underneath with the discoidal bar yellowish. Hind wing with the terminal band expanded shghtly at apex, and the lobe on inner margin clothed with black hair. 29 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 8425, U.S.N.M. This species bears a strong resemblance to Argyrocides suapurens?s K. A. Klages. The genus belongs next to Chrysostola. Y TEPUNse. EPANYCLES IMPERIALIS Walker. fHabitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. ANDROCHARTA MEONES Stoll. Habitat. —Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela. ANDROCHARTA DIVERSIPENNIS Walker var. BRAZILIENSIS Butler. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. 548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX,. CERAMIDIA CAURENSIS, new species. Male.—Brown-black shot with dark cupreous green; antenne metal- lic blue above; patagia fringed behind with brown-black hair; four coxe with white patches; abdomen with the first three ventral seg- ments white. Fore wing underneath with the inner area white as far as covered normally by the hind wing. Hind wing above with the costal area and a streak on median nervure to end of cell white. Males. Expanse.—40-44 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8426, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. In oceasional specimens the metallic hue is dark blue-green. Allied to C. butler? Moschler. CERAMIDIA PHEMONOIDES Méoschler. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela.” AMYCLES ANTHRACINA Walker. In two specimens the neck has prominent lateral crimson-tipped tufts, while the other examples have the tufts more or less obsolete and, with few exceptions, without a trace of crimson. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. AMYCLES DOLOSA Walker. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. ANTICHLORIS ERYPHIA Fabricius. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. ANTICHLORIS QUARTZI, new species. Male.—Head and body brown-black; palpi with some white on outer side; antenne above, and patches on frons and vertex suffused with metallic blue; eyes with some white behind; patches on tegule and shoulders metallic blue or blue-green slightly suffused with white; meso and metathorax with dorsal metallic-blue patches; patagia with metallic-blue or blue-green stripes and fringed with brown-black hair longer behind; legs suffused with metallic blue or blue-green; patches on fore cox and streaks on legs white; abdomen with dorsal and lateral metallic blue-green or cupreous-green stripes, and a slight suf- fusion between; the second segment with white lateral spots on front; the ventral surface with sublateral white stripes narrowing distally, the intermediate area suffused with metallic blue or blue-green; wings brown-black diffused above with metallic blue-green and below with metallic blue, the diffusion on upper surface appearing stronger on wee No. 1434. VENEZUELAN SYNTOMID MOTHS—KLAGES. 549 the nervures. Fore wing with metallic blue or blue-green spot at base of subcostal nervure; underneath with the inner area silvery as far as covered normally by the hind wing. Hind wing with the costal area silvery as far as covered normally by the fore wing. Female.—The patches on fore cox are reduced to spots and the legs without white streaks; the inner area on underside of fore wing, and the costal area on upper side of hind wing grayish brown. Expanse.—38-42 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8427, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. The metallic hues are subject to variation, a few specimens having the upperside of the wings diffused with dark cupreous green, and the underside, as well as the markings on head and body, shows a corre- sponding change. This species bears a striking resemblance to A. erypheu Fabricius, but, as the hind wing has vein 2 given off from toward angle of cell while the discocellulars are as in A. panacea Druce, it constitutes a new generic section forming a connection between the sections of which the former and latter species are representative. The former species should be placed after A. scudderé Butler. Named after my neighbor, Mr. William B. Quartz. SCIOPSYCHE AURANTICAUDA, new species. Female.—Head, thorax, and legs black; abdomen with the first four seements above, and the first three below black; the underside of third segment with ventral patch and some scales along edge brownish white; the last ventral segment and anal tufts yellow: the other seg- ments, and lateral spots on fourth dorsal segment orange; wings with the veins, and margins very narrowly, brown-black. Fore wing with the interspaces rather thinly clothed with brown-black scales. Hind wine semihyaline, the terminal and inner areas irregularly suffused with brown-black. Kxpanse.-—32 mm. HTabitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8428, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. While the venation in this species does not agree exactly with the genus Sciopsyche, yet the writer does not regard it as differing enough to warrant the founding of another new genus. NAPATA VENEZUELENSIS, new species. Male.—Brown-black; palpi in front, frons, and front of basal joint of antenne white; head back of eyes with metallic blue stripes edged behind with white; some scales on vertex, patches on tegule, meso and metathorax, shoulders and pectus, the inner edge of patagia, and suffused streaks on legs metallic blue, the patches on shoulders with 550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. some white below; cox, and streaks on underside of femorze and fore tibie white. Abdomen with dorsal whitish line and lateral series of metallic spots blue at base and blue-green behind; the first six seg- ments with broad ventral white stripe. Fore wing with a long narrow whitish streak on costal edge; a basal spot, and a short streak on base of vein 1 metallic blue; hyaline streaks in cell and below it to angle; cilie white at apex and, partly, at tornus. Hind wing with the ciliz whitish toward tornus; the inner area white below. Fematle.—¥ rons metallic blue; coxee without white except at tips, the fore cox with metallic-blue patches: legs without white streaks; antenne, shoulders, costal edge of fore wing, and inner area of under- side of hind wing without white; abdomen with the ventral stripe present (as in types), or very rarely obsolete, the stripe clouded (usually slightly, as in types) by being irrorated with brown-black scales; palpi with or without (in types with) white on front and the white mixed with brown, the white usually (as in types) present as a small streak; the front of palpi also with or without (in types with) some metallic-blue scales toward outer end. Eaxpanse.—-25-27 mm. Habitat.—Ciudad Bolivar and Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8429, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. In rare instances the metallic markings are blue-green, but the metallic blue of ordinary specimens changes to blue-green in oblique light. Allied to WV. terminalis Walker and J. /eucotelus Butler. NAPATA QUADRIMACULATA MoOschler. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. IXYLASIA KELLERI, new species. Male.— Head, thorax, and abdomen black; basal joint of palpi and points behind eyes white; spots on tegule, shoulders, and patagia, subdorsal points on mesothorax and dorsal point on hind margin of metathorax white and metallic blue; coxz with white patches; abdo- men with the tufts of hair brown and white; the dorsal surface with white and blue point on first segment, the terminal segment and band on preceding segment scarlet; underneath with short lateral series and longer sublateral series of white spots, the latter series followed by white-mixed dark orange patches on last two segments; wings hyaline, the veins and margins black. Fore wing with the base black, with two basal bluish-white points, a broad discoidal black bar conjoined to the costal fascia and extended and widened between veins 3 and 4, the ter- minal band expanding toward apex and widened below vein 2, the inner fascia rather broad and with a short metallic green streak on No. 1434. VENEZUELAN SYNTOMID MOTHS—KLAGES. bil basal half: underneath with a basal white and blue streak on costal fascia. Hind wing with a narrow discoidal black bar, the terminal band broad and irregular; underneath with a broad white and blue basal streak on costal fascia. Female.—Head with the markings as in the male and with white patch on trons; tegule, body, and wings without blue and white, or bluish-white markings; spots on shoulders, and dorsal spots fore and aft on thorax white; abdomen with dorsal and lateral white spots on first seement, the lateral and sublateral series absent, the terminal seoment (excepting anterior subdorsal areas) and some scales on pre- ceding dorsal segment scarlet. Fore wing without metallic green streak on inner fascia. The abdomen, of course, is without the basal tufts of long hair. Expanse.—44—-48 mm. Habitat.—Suapure and the upper Caura, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 84380, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. Allied to /. trogonoides Walker. Named in memory of the late Prof. Edward Keller, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, whose knowledge of music, philology, and botany, and familiarity with most branches of natural history made him most attractive. CACOSTATIA UMBRATICOLA, new species. Male.—Black, shot with brilliant blue; some scales on front of palpi, the frons, cheeks, small patches of scales on tegulee and shoulders, and some scales on patagia and thorax white; legs fuscous with coxve and stripes white; abdomen with subdorsal whitish stripes; a broad ven- tral stripe and sublateral lines white. Fore wing with patch of scales on base of vein 1, and a short streak in front of outer end of patch, white; a large triangular hyaline patch in and below cell and between veins 2 and 3, and an oblique band beyond the cell between veins 3 and 7. Hind wing hyaline, the veins, and a terminal band expanding at apex and tornus and extending on inner margin to near base, black, shot with brilliant blue; ciliz partly white at tornus. Hxpanse.—30-32 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8481, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. Allied to C. discalis Walker. CYANOPEPLA GLAUCOPOIDES Walker. Llabitat.—Suapure Mountains, Venezuela. AGYRTA PORPHYRIA Stoll. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. 55Y PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. ~ CORREBIDIA CALOPTERIDIA Butler. Habitat. —Suapure, Venezuela. HYALEUCEREA ERYTHROTELUS Walker. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. HYALEUCEREA CHAPMANI, new species. Male.—Head, body, and legs fuscous; abdomen with subdorsal series of large patches beginning on fourth segment, and lateral anal tufts scarlet; wings hyaline, the veins and margins rather widely fuscous. Fore wing with a discoidal fuscous patch conjoined to the costal fascia and extending below angle of cell; the terminal band wide on apical area and expanded at vein 1. Hind wing with the terminal band wide at apex and the inner fascia rather broad. Erpanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—Suapure, Venezuela. Types.—Cat. No. 8482, U.S.N.M., and in collection of the author. Belongs in the same generic section as the former species. Named after Prof. Thomas J. Chapman,“ author of The French in the Allegheny Valley, Old Pittsburgh Days, ete. While the species included in this paper are all day-fliers it is likely that nearly all of them possess some characteristic habits which, in a number of cases, the writer was able to discover, but in‘other instances could not, owing to the paucity of specimens or from being too difficult to ascertain with exactness. Although it has been impossible to record these observations in the present paper, yet, without the knowledge gained in the field, it would have been impossible definitely to deter- mine the relationship of some of the forms herein listed. « Professor Chapman died suddenly before this paper could be printed. A sketch of his life will be found in The Chartiers Valley Mirror of February 25, 1905, and in the current volume of The Pennsylvania School Journal. A FOSSIL RACCOON FROM A CALIFORNIA PLEISTOCENE CAVE DEPOSIT. By James WILLIAMS GIDLEY, Of the Department of Geology. While engaged in the work of cataloguing fossil vertebrate material in the United States National Museum, the writer recently brought to light a small collection of fossils from ** Cave Bear” Cave, McCloud River, California, in which were some fragmentary bones and well- preserved upper and lower jaws of an apparently new species of Procyon, which is described below. The remainder of the lot consists principally of limb bones and vertebree of a very large carnivore, prob- ably a species of Amphicyon. These last-mentioned bones are com- paratively free from matrix, being only lightly coated with a reddish deposit, characteristic of the decomposition of limestone, but the bones and teeth of the Procyon specimen were heavily incrusted with stalac- titic and crystalline calcite, suggesting that they may have come from a different part of the cave. The specimens, however, are probably contemporary and of Pleistocene age. This interesting little collection was procured and presented to the Museum by Mr. L. Stone, in 1881. PROCYON SIMUS, new species. The type specimen (Cat. No. 2634, U.S.N.M.) represents an adult male, as indicated by the relatively large canines, and consists of both Jaws, containing a complete series of upper and lower teeth, a por- tion of the palate, both otic bulle, and a few other skull fragments. Associated with it and probably belonging to the same individual are the distal half of a humerus and the nearly complete half of a pelvis. This species most closely resembles the California variety of the living Procyon lotor, with which it is here compared, but besides its somewhat greater size the following important differences are obsery- able: (1) The lower jaw has relatively a much greater depth, especially anteriorly, the molar premolar series of teeth standing at a relatively PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIX—No. 1435. 554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. higher elevation above the base of the canine. (2) Both upper and lower canines are comparatively larger, straighter, and placed more nearly vertical in the jaw. This, together with (8) the relatively wider separation, especially of the upper canines, and (4) the somewhat more prominent and more squarely set incisors, gives to the muzzle a massive and more pugnosed appearance than is observed in P. /otor. The second molars, upper and lower, are relatively larger, and the premolars are more closely crowded than is usual in the specimens of P. lotor examined, but these differences are perhaps not more marked than would be seen in the extreme of individual variation in this direction. The following is a table of comparative measurements of the type specimen and an adult male of 7. /otor from California. The two specimens represent as nearly as possible individuals of equal age, as indicated by a like degree of wear in the teeth. P. simus P. lotor Measurements. , (No. 2634, | (No. 70948, U.S.N.M.). | U.S.N.M.). mm. | mm. Totallength Of lower jaw sk ccciss%siee.<,cote ae stein cote teoreiae hina felsiclors asec laa Aeeeiainiee 90.0 | 80. 0 Totalleng th oflowenrdentallisenies {ess = cee pecan sees ee see eee 538.5 | 51.0 Deplbiot | awa ange ace oe chr tos a eee ee eee Cee Cone ee eee 16.0 | 12.0 Depth ot | awaat pare cr. co 3s, see eae Sy Ne eae cee areas ee ae eel Se ee 17.5 13.0 Waid thyacrossiupperaimcisorstas-c- ee eeas sceseee oe eee Danie wine cee meee eel 18.5 16.0 otalswidthracrossmppericamim CSer. eters cme sees eee estes eee eee eee cee | 31.5 | 26.5 Anteroposterior diameter oOticamine ati Das@e. asec ce aces scielscmiee eee em eneleeeenioe 8.0 | 6.3 Diameters of pg: | Anteroposterior i252 il o0 2 scl Ftlaps sae a2 sense ite asia sists eee ete seis sees 8.5 | 8.5 VATS V.CISGU se na55eche ee see cee oe coe src eee eee tee Sc ee ane a ee eee 8.5 8.0 Diameters of 7: | ADtCTOPOStGLiONr.. cA caee ease stec dise cee ole wise o/siniare Folens aisle mmr eae ad 9.0 9.0 Transverse. te Ws Seka eee ae ce Sete 5 ace sean ene ccerga Sam ome eet 10.0 | 9.5 Diameters of iN: | AnteropoOsteriOria si aie e ce aose se eeiee gas ne ss seie sme =a aa tees ae eae eae 7.0 6.0 Mra SVELSe ys cis (oS oe Seo Se Oe ate ee eee oats ere tials ce eT aes Sean aerate 8.5 8.0 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII. Procyon simus. Fria. 1. Upper and lower jaws, side view. 2. Upper and lower jaws, anterior view. 3. Superior dentition, crown view. 4. Inferior dentition, crown view. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XII Si wal < PROCYON Simus, NEW SPECIES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 554, THE MONKEYS OF THE MACACA NEMESTRINA GROUP. BygftERRIT S. MILLER, Jr., Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals. ’ 4 The United States National Museum contains seventeen skins of monkeys of the J/acaca” nemestrina group, all but one of them col- lected and presented by Dr. W. L. Abbott. In this series are repre- sented no less than five well characterized species, one each from Sumatra, Borneo, the Pagi Islands, the Malay Peninsula, and Chance Island, Mergui Archipelago. The specimens show no_ individual variations worthy of special note or which tend in any way to connect the different forms. The species may be distinguished as follows: SYNOPSIS OF THE MONKEYS OF THE MACACA NEMESTRINA GROUP. Hairs of back, underparts, arms, and Jegs indistinctly or not annulated; median and posterior area of back so dark that the blackish tail forms no noticeable contrast; buttocks not noticeably paler than sides and thighs; canines of males (so far as known) excessively heavy. A dwarf animal with skull of adult female (male not known) only 110 mm. in Preatestrleng theese regs Some eas esses M. pagensis, p. 557 Large animals with skull of female 130 mm. or more in greatest length, that of adult male 140-160 mm. Skull elongated, the zygomatic breadth scarcely or not greater than distance from lower rim of orbit to most posterior point of occiput. M. nemestrina, p. 556 Skull widened, the zygomatic breadth considerably greater than distance from lower rim of orbit to most posterior point of oeciput..--....M. broca, p. 558 Hairs of back, underparts, arms, and, legs distinctly annulated; median and posterior area of back so little darkened that the blackish tail forms a conspicuous contrast; buttocks noticeably paler than sides and thighs; canines of males not excessively heavy. A noticeable contrast in length between hair of shoulders and neck and that of back; least distance from orbit to gnathion scarcely greater than width of FOSIFUMAGDASClOl ayo Onna seen ee eee es 2) VW. insulana, p. 560 No noticeable contrast in length between hair of shoulders and neck and that of back; least distance from orbit to gnathion conspicuously greater than width of rostrum at base of zygomata.......-.-..----- .-M. adusta, p. 559 I, 1820; p. 63: PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIX—No. 1436. or or 556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. MACACA NEMESTRINA (Linnzus). 1766. [Simia] nemestrina Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., I, 12th ed., p. 35 (Sumatra). 1822. Simia carpolegus Rarreies, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XIII, p. 243 (Ben- coolen, Sumatra ). Type locality.— Sumatra. Geographic distribution. —So far as is at present known this spe- cies is confined to the island of Sumatra, where it appears to be very generally distributed. oy General characters. —A large animal with greatest length of skull 130 mm. or more in females, 140-160 mm. in males; zygomatic breadth of skull scarcely or not greater than distance from lower rim of orbit to most posterior point of occiput; fur nowhere distinctly grizzled; a noticeable blackish median dorsal area. Color.—General color a light, dull, russet or wood-brown, fading to ecru-drab on underparts and inner surface of limbs, and becoming blackish on crown, neck, and median area of back. Across shoulders the blackish and brown are distinctly mingled, though without pro- ducing any grizzled effect. Long hairs beneath and in front of ear blackish at tip. Tail sharply bicolor, blackish above, dull ochraceous- buff below. Hands and feet not darker than arms and legs. Through- out the brown area of the body and limbs the fur is ecru-drab beneath surface, this color appearing when hairs are disarranged, particularly on sides of body, on lower half of legs, and on hairy portions of but- tocks, though nowhere producing contrasted lighter areas. Many of the hairs on arms and lees are dark-tipped, but this is only noticeable on close inspection. Skull and teeth.—Skull (Plate XV, fig. 1) rather elongate, the zygo- matic breadth about equal to distance from anterior rim of orbit to most posterior point of occiput, the least distance from orbit to gnathion distinctly greater than breadth of rostrum at anterior base of zygomata; brain case low, the depth from posterior point of frontal to lower edge of occipital condyle very noticeably less than width above posterior base of zygomata; palate highly arched. Canine teeth very large, the greatest diameter of the upper tooth at alveolus about one and one-half times length of crown of third molar; cheek teeth not peculiar in form, but their size relatively somewhat less than in the other species. ; Measurements.—See tables, pages 561-562. Specimens eramined.— Hight, from the following localities: Kateman River, east Sumatra, 4; Tapanuli Bay, west Sumatra, 2; Tarussan Bay, west Sumatra, 2. No. 1436. MACACA NEMESTRINA-MONKEYS—MILLER. 557 MACACA PAGENSIS Miller. 1908. Macacus pagensis MrLLER, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, XLV, - p. 61. November 6, 1903. Type locality. —South Pagi Island, east Sumatra. Geographic distribution.—This animal is probably confined to the Pagi Islands. General characters.—Like Macaca nemestrina, but size much less (skull of female only 110 mm. in greatest length), aud color much darker. Color.—Dorsal surface from forehead to base of tail clear bister, darker than that of Ridgway, the drab underfur appearing irregularly at surface when hair is disarranged. Sides of body and inner surface of arms and legs isabella-color. Belly isabella-color, fading to light fawn-color on chest and throat. Outer surface of arms light russet, that of legs dark isabella-color, except on thighs, which are mostly covered by an extension of the brown area of back. A similar but less extensive wash covers proximal half of upper arm. Sides of neck grayish cream-buff, in striking contrast with upper surface. Cheeks and chin brown like that of back, but not quite as dark. Hands and feet dusky brownish. Tail sprinkled with isabella-colored hairs. ‘*Callosities fleshy brown. Palms and soles light fleshy brown.” @ Skull.—The skull (Plate X VIII, fig. 2) is very much smaller than that of aslightly younger female of Macaca nemestrina (Plate XVIII, tig. 1) from Tapanuli Bay, Sumatra. In general form, however, the two do not appreciably differ. The bony palate is concave laterally (when viewed from below), but to a less degree than in the larger animal. Its median line is nearly straight, and shows only a trace of the deep longitudinal concavity so conspicuous in JZ. nemestrina in region between premolars. Audital bulle a little more swollen anterolater- ally than in J/. nemestrina, bui this character may be purely individual. Teeth as in Macaca nemestrina, but smaller throughout. Measurements.—See tables, pages 561-562. Specimens examined.—TVhe type of this species remains unique. Remarks.— Macaca pagensis is a well-marked insular species char- - acterized by its small size and dark color. The peculiarities of the posterior molars of the type prove to be individual only, as they are exactly reproduced in some of the specimens of J/. nemestrina now at hand. «Colleetor’s note on label. 558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. MACACA BROCA, new species. 1893. Macacus nemestrinus Host, Mammals of Borneo, p. 6. (Not Simia nemes- trina Linneeus. ) 2 Type spectmen.— Adult male (skin and skull) No. $4344 United States National Museum. Collected at Sapagaya River, northeast Borneo, November 21, 1887, by C. F. Adams. Geographic distribution.— Borneo. General characters..—Similar to Macaca nemestrina, but skull so broadened that zygomatic breadth is considerably greater than distance from lower rim of orbit to most posterior point of occiput. Color.—The color of the type is nruch like that of J/acaca nemestrina, except that the brown areas have a dull, drabby cast. This dullness may be due to the fact that the specimen was brought from Borneo in an acid preservative fluid, which may have injured the color. There is no distinct trace of annulation on any part of the fur. Dark dorsal area well developed, extending from forehead to base of tail. In his ‘Mammals of Borneo’ Mr. Charles Hose describes the color of this animal as follows: The general color is a decided olive, tending in some animals to brown, the varia- tion in color being due to the relative development of the yellow and black rings on the hair. The rings occur on the exposed portion of the hair, the hidden part of which is gray. The upper surface of the head, the mesial line of the back, and the upper surface of the tail near its base are deep brown or even blackish, more espe- cially onthe head and over the hind quarters. The extremities pale toward the hands and feet, which are light olive brown. The outsides of the thighs have an olive-gray tint. Some animals, however, especially the fully grown ones, are almost uniformly colored deep olive brown, except on the blackish head and the middle line of the back. The sides of the face and the under surfaces generally are grayish, tending to white, but on the sides of the face the hair is washed with a dark, almost blackish gray. The face is nude, of a dusky flesh color, which is the tint also per- vading the almost naked ears and the callosities. From this it appears that there 1s some annulation of the hairs in certain regions, but that it is slight and variable. It is not present to any noticeable degree in any of the three skins that I have examined. Skull and teeth.—The skull differs conspicuously from that -of Macaca nemestrina in its much greater relative breadth and depth. The zygomatic breadth is conspicuously greater than the distance from ante- rior rim of orbit to most posterior point of occiput; the distance from orbit to gnathion is not noticeably greater than width of rostrum at anterior base of zygomata, and the depth of brain case from posterior point of frontal to lower edge of occipital condyle is nearly equal to width above posterior roots of zygomata. Palate broader and less highly arched than in VV. nemestrina. Teeth asin the Sumatran animal, the canines similarly large. Measurements.—See tables, pages 561-562. NO. 1436, MACACA NEMESTRINA MONK EYS—MILLER. Das) Specimens examined.—Vhree, the type in the United States National Museum, and two specimens in the British Museum. Remarks. -This species is readily distinguishable from Jacaca nemestrina by its much broadened and deepened skull. MACACA ADUSTA, new species. Type specimen.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 124023, United States National Museum. Collected at Champang, Tenasserim, Decem- ber 22, 1908, by Dr. W: L. Abbott. Original number, 2929. (reographic distribution.—Malay Peninsula. Limits of range un- known. General characters.—Like Macaca nemestrina, but with hairs of back, underparts, arms, and legs distinctly annulated, median area of back very slightly darkened, and canines of males much less enlarged; least distance from orbit to gnathion conspicuously greater than width of rostrum at base of zygomata. Color. The ground color of neck, shoulders, and back is a bright russet, everywhere distinctly speckled by blackish annulations about 3mm. in length, of which there are from three to five to a hair, accord- ing as the fur is longer or shorter. In lumbar region and on upper- most part of thighs the russet fades abruptly to a light ochraceous- buff, which becomes clear and unspeckled in area near callosities, form- ing a noticeable contrast with surrounding parts. Crown blackish. A faint, narrow, blackish shade along middle of back. Tail as in Macaca nemestrind, but its dark upper surface strongly contrasted with back. Underparts a light, indefinite drabby gray, distinctly darkened and grizzled across belly. Arms and legs grizzled blackish and drabby gray, witha very slight suffusion of russet, their color noticeably con- trasted with that of back. Feet and hands slightly darker than arms and legs. : Shull and teeth.-—The skull (Plate XIV, fig. 2) is less elongate than that of Mucaca nemestrina, but not as widened as that of JZ. broca. Bony palate, less arched than in the Sumatran animal. The teeth differ from those of Macaca nemestrina in the much less enlargement of the canines in the male, the diameter of the upper tooth at alveolus being about equal to length of crown of posterior molar. The anterior lower premolar has the same peculiarity. Measurements.—For measurements, see tables, pages 561-562. Specimens examined.—Four, from the following localities in Tenas- serim: Red Point, 1; Champang, 2; Telok Besar, 1. cate at) Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——37 560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. MACACA INSULANA, new species. Type specimen. —Adult male (skin and skull), No. 104441, United States National Museum. Collected on Chance Island, Mergui Archi- pelago, January 1, 1900, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 199. General characters.—Like Macaca adusta, but with hair of shoulders noticeably longer than that of back; least distance from orbit to gnathion scarcely greater than width of rostrum at base of zygomata. Color. —The color does not differ appreciably from that of Macaca adusta, except that the chest and belly are more heavily grizzled and the hands and feet are noticeably darker than the arms and legs. Skull and teeth.—The skull differs from that of J/acaca adusta in smaller general size, relatively greater width, and in the shorter rostrum. In fact it suggests a miniature of the Bornean J/. broca, except that the rostrum is less broad anteriorly. Audital bull less inflated than in any of the other forms. Teeth as in J/. adusta. Measurements. —For measurements, see tables, pages 561-562. Specimens examined.—Vhree, all from Chance Island. ee Je) S—MILLER. 4A MONKEY: 4 MACACA NEMESTRIN No. 1436. LG DFG *‘Spunogd “JUSTO M PLL O8T “ULL "JOO 80¢ OGS O0¢ ggg GIG C61 O&G “UU chG ogg “UU “Apoq pure pvoH 069 OOL C08 OFL O82 “UL | ‘Ujsue, [BIOL 9d A LQ *poareys J[BH v > — : ——| _ = er ae op----"| TFFFOL « ieee Gees eats eect ee OD wees een ceeemaT | | | | eA he Op" "~~ "| OFFFOT | 0061 'T bss aa gn ean Sg ee eae oa Op----*| 6&FFOI | 6681 ‘OE “eC | - > puB[syT soUBY_ :ULassBVUaT, ~~~" > YUDINSUL DOMOD]T Pa Settl Op” ~~" "| O&€&¢4FEL FOG OG= GOH ss ue ee TULOG PO e WWMOSSCUON Gren ames ae ee OG | | | Soar es ODsizs=s | €20FZL ¢| S061 ‘ZZ 99 | Ds AS eae suvdweyy) :Ulltasseuay -7 7777 > DISNPD DIDIDI | | | INps oye | O€6FSa | ASST ‘TS “AON [°777 77 IaATy vAvoedeg :ooulog |°---->--- DIOLG DIDIDIT TIS IIIOrS Op----"| SG9LZT ¢ | ZOBL ‘LT “AON (777 puBysy Seq yynog :vayeuNng ~--- > -sisuahnd nononyy Sige Oa aaa ZOGFIL | ZOBL‘6L “Goaq emcee hea TMUBAe pee VEU eee eee TOC), “> Jyupe spew | PRP Le ance On aaa | = deg UBSSHUBT, :BIyBUING [ace siinsees er od Sc ceoeke ODEs |CP eG. 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MACACA NEMESTRINA MONKEYS—MILLER. 5638 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE XIII. (Greatly reduced. ) > Fig. 1. Macaca nemestrina (Linnzeus), male, Cat. No. 123143, U.S.N.M., Kateman River, east Sumatra. 2. Macaca adusta Miller, type. bo PLaTE XIV. (Greatly reduced. ) Fig. 1. Macaca nemestrina (Linneeus), male, Cat. No. 123148, U.S.N.M., Kateman River, east Sumatra. . Macaca adusta Miller, type. bo PLATE XV. (Two-thirds natural size. ) Fig. 1. Macaca nemestrina (Linnzeus), male, Cat. No. 123143, U.S.N.M., Kateman River, east Sumatra. 2. Macaca adusta Miller, type. PEATE XOV I. (Two-thirds natural size. ) Fig. 1. Macaca nemestrina (Linnzeus), male, Cat. No. 123148, U.S.N.M., Kateman River, east Sumatra. 2. Macaca adusta Miller, type. Puate X VII. (Two-thirds natural size. ) Fig. 1. Macaca nemestrina (Linneeus), male, Cat. No. 123148, U.S.N.M., Kateman River, east Sumatra. 2. Macaca adusta Miller, type. PratE XOV II: (Two-thirds natural size. ) Fig. 1. Macaca nemestrina (Linnzeus), female, Cat. No. 114502, U.S.N.M., Tapanuli Bay, west Sumatra. 2. Macaca pagensis Miller, type. PuaTeE XIX. (Two-thirds natural size. ) Fig. 1. Macaca nemestrina (Linneus), female, Cat. No. 114502, U.S.N.M., Tapanuli Bay, west Sumatra. . Macaca pagensis Miller, type. bo PuatE XX. (Two-thirds natural size. ) Fig. 1. Macaca nemestrina (Linnzeus), female, Cat. No. 114502, U.S.N.M., Tapanuli Bay, west Sumatra. 2. Macaca pagensis Miller, type. aa ao i ov 1 \, : ay a . Ves % U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XIII 1 2 SKINS OF MACACA NEMESTRINA (1) AND M. ADUSTA (2). FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. “a U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDING, VOL. XXIX PL. XIV 1 2 SKINS OF MACACA NEMESTRINA (1) AND M. ADUSTA (2). FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XV SKULLS OF MACACA NEMESTRINA (1) AND M. ADUSTA (2) FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. U. S. NATIONAL MUS PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XVI SKULLS OF MACACA NEMESTRINA (1) AND M. ADUSTA (2). FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XVII SKULLS OF MACACA NEMESTRINA (1) AND M. ADUSTA (2). FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. 1. ‘ = ‘ 5 bs an | ~ 2 f - * > i = BS . . = +, oe « = me 7 . * a 3 3 = is “ a = : Pan an a as = ass ay ‘ = Py = ve - « e : = * Fi . ¥ i o a = ny _* U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XVIII SKULLS OF MACACA NEMESTRINA (1) AND M. PAGENSIS (2). FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. ss as - : U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XIX SKULLS OF MACACA NEMESTRINA (1) AND M. PAGENSIS (2). FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. a ’ ~ bd i : . 5 - ‘ : - ry Ys * . % ha . . i ~~ a 7 : : ‘ : ' 2 = - a , ; ey A fe 5 >. ts x ¢ 5 or * a iepe =e AS ts 7 j | : ‘ € 7 Ss. ‘ ' rs n A E i 4 ty ' = 4 i ny 7 } , hk 2 ' “ “ : 5 i . , j $ as 7 i ) U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. SKULLS OF MACACA NEMESTRINA (1) AND M. PAGENSIS (2). FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. A NEW LIZARD OF THE GENUS PHRYNOSOMA, FROM MEXICO. By LEONHARD STEJNEGER, Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians. A short time ago Mr. Raymond L. Ditmars, curator of reptiles in the New York Zoological Park, sent me, from his private collection, two small Phrynosomas, one of which he had kept alive for some time and which had attracted his attention by its peculiar habits. They were given to him in 1897, by a Mr. Eustace, according to whose statement they were taken ‘ta short distance over the border of Arizona, in old Mexico, State of Sonora.” The most cursory examination of the specimens showed them to belong to an undescribed species of ‘‘ horned toad,” if indeed a Phry- nosoma practically without horns can be so designated. Mr. Ditmars has kindly presented the specimens to the U. 5. National Museum, and I take great pleasure in naming this very interesting species after him. PHRYNOSOMA DITMARSI, new species. Diagnosis. —Tympanum naked; nostril in the line of canthus ros- tralis; one series of marginal abdominal scales; a single series of. enlarged gular scales; submandibulars larger than lower labials; no horns; a prominent ridge from tip of postorbital boss to outer enlarged temporals; ventrals strongly keeled; lower jaw enormously developed posteriorly, with 5 to 7 rows of keeled scales between the lower labials and the submandibulars. . Habitat.—Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 36022, U.S.N.M.; State of Sonora, Mexico, not far from boundary of Arizona; Ditmars collection. Description of type.—Adult male. Head much broader than long; nostril in the line of canthus rostralis; tympanum entirely posterior, vertical to the axis of the body, concealed in the anterior neck fold, naked; no horns, the scales which in the other species form more or less PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIX—No. 1437. 565 566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. projecting spines being only low bosses or protuberances; the postocu- lar boss, a broad triangular pyramid, its three edges being continua- tions of the superciliary, the supraocular, and the orbito-temporal ridges; an abruptly raised orbito-temporal ridge from tip of postorbital boss to the outer edge of the supratemporal expansion at the base of the scale corresponding to the outer temporal horn in other species, two scales corresponding to temporal horns slightly enlarged, depressed, the posterior, or inner, slightly pointed; below the scale row forming the upper posterior edge of the supratemporal expansion on each side a small conical spine; supratemporal expansion very wide, nearly straight behind, with a very deep and narrow occipital notch; no temporal ridge; on the edge of the fold in front of the ear a vertical series of 4 small spines; rostral very low; supralabials very small, scarcely dif- ferentiated from the scale row above, about 15 in number; about 15 small lower labials, the posterior ones gradually increasing in size, though not larger than the scutes forming the orbito-temporal ridge, and with a raised keel; a small spine behind the last lower labial, separated from it by a single scale; along the edge of the lower man- dible a series of enlarged, strongly keeled submandibulars, increasing in size backward, the keels of the posterior ones slightly produced and pointed behind; mandible exceedingly deep, the distance between angle of mouth and base of submandibular shields being greater than the diameter of the orbit; the large flav space between the lower labials and the submandibulars covered with polygonal seales of vary- ing sizes, similar to those covering the upper surfaces of the head, about 5 in a row; all head scales keeled and wrinkled; gular scales small, keeled; a series of spines on each side of the posterior half of the throat near the submandibulars and parallel with them; gular fold with a transverse series of spines anda few isolated clusters of spines; avery heavy angular fold on each side of the neck, both the vertical and horizontal portion armored with clusters of large spines; back and upper surface of hind legs and tail with scattered larger, bluntly keeled scales, the largest with their base surrounded by a ‘‘ rosette” of smaller scales, which are larger than those forming the general dorsal lepidosis; a single series of marginal scales, which are enlarged and bluntly pyramidal, set between 2 basal rows of slightly enlarged scales; scales of fore legs and lower surfaces strongly keeled, the former pointed behind; a series of 13 (14) femoral pores on each side, separated on the middle of the belly by 4 scales, the pores piercing the scales near the posterior margin; base of tail strongly swollen, with 2 enlarged postanals; tail once and a third longer than head. Color (in life) ‘‘reddish—tbe color of dry building sand, with very obscure markings,” according to Mr. Ditmars; in alcohol, pale yel- lowish gray, with 2 faint, narrow, brownish bands across the lower back; underside whitish with very obscure dusky spots. ee a NO. 1437, A NEW LIZARD FROM MEXICO—STEJNEGER. 567 Dimensions. mm. Tliotenl hernc dt Seee ee ed 29 S26 Sas beeen oe occ ton SSR e a ener 104 TUije) Ole SIMWOI pao WARE hee oe ee 76 VWieyiiiarornoge) (01 Ueull © ae Joe 26 aed eS bE ee ee eno eee eee ee eee 28 Lcipof snoutyto tiprOr postorbital boOss\-2===2--- --- 22-2. --- 2235-25-22 --- 6 16 Tip of snout totip of extreme temporal seale .----.-----.---+-----+----++----- 25 (Ghyaniect main on Jnesiel 33588. 3 See ao acess aes seca eee ea Seen Sans eoen eae eae 28 oie lem =... 2sdsce5e5555525500bo nee coe Ss see eoe soo er oo eE es aan sa een aoe. 40 iil ee 2.5.24 sshandaeeeccsouce ss seesse Gua Ses oSs6 56 eee eee oem Ser seer 53 The female (No. 36013; same locality and origin) is smaller (snout to vent 64 mm.), but agrees in all particulars with the male, except that the tail is shorter and not swollen at base and without postanal shields. The number of scales in a row between lower labials and subman- dibulars 6 or 7; about 9 poorly differentiated femoral pores on each side. Remarks.—It is difficult to say to which of the formerly known Phrynosomas the present species is most nearly related. It has no - special affinity to any of them. Of course, the absence of ** horns” proper may not be a point of great moment, although the correspond- ing scutes do not have the appearance of retrograded horns such as in some forms of Phrynosoma douglassii. With the latter our new species has the greatly expanded supratemporal region in common, but otherwise they show no relationship. The position of the nostrils is nearly exactly the same as in Phrynosoma orbiculare, but there the similarity ends. The scutellation of the throat reminds one of Phry- nosoma cornutum, and as this also is the only other species which has an orbito-temporal, or postorbital, ridge, though much less developed, it may be that it is to this highly spinous and many-horned species that our hornless and nearly spineless novelty has any real affinity. The most unique feature of our species is the enormous vertical expansion of the lower jaw, to which there is not even a faint approxi- mation in any of the hitherto known species. : are a i) . S yey , se a," we A on a Lae, penal 7 ahs vi i = aie. Gp - hare _ es (ial - oe : a i ve. ea 7 7 a. ie) anes aie ie om a wy { rT ) an # Fae ¥ ~. e a Alas ae 7 een) @ a ee 4tly 7 en ils A ny . “4 A a" : = A STUDY OF THE WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA. A SUPERFAMILY OF HYMENOPTERA. By ALEXANDER Dyer MacGtILiivray, Instructor in Entomology, Cornell University. INTRODUCTION. This is a study in the phylogeny of a group of animals based on a study of the modifications of a single organ. It is an attempt to trace the course of the changes wrought by natural selection, an effort to apply the principles of descent to taxonomy. Classifications based on the modifications of a single crgan are gen- erally imperfect. But on no single organ of any group of animals or plants has the effects of natural selection been written so clearly as on the wings of insects. The record is spread out as on a printed page and only awaits the translator. The taxonomy of several groups of insects based on a genetic study of their wings has been published, and in every case where phylogenies based on other sets of organs have been made it has been found that they confirm the conclusions derived from a study of the wings. The Tenthredinoidea have been carefully studied by many investi- gators. Several classifications have been proposed, but no attempt has been made hitherto to work out an arrangement along the lines here proposed. In previous groupings a character common to a large number of forms and not common to others has been taken as of high value, while those common to a smaller number of forms as of sub- ordinate value. No account bas been taken of the question us to whether these characters include forms of one or of many lines of descent. At the outset I wish to express my obligations to Prof. J. H. Com- stock and Dr. W. A. Riley for constant advice throughout the prepa- ‘ation of this paper; to the authorities of the United States National Museum for the loan of specimens from their collections not otherwise accessible to me, and to Mr. J. Chester Bradley for the privilege of examining a number of species and for looking over the manuscript. 969 570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. I.—HISTORICAL.«@ Students of wing-venation in the past almost invariably made the mistake of considering the few-veined wing as the starting point and the many-veined wing as the acquired condition. In the Lepidoptera a wing-type like that occurring in the Noctuidz or Arctiidee was con- sidered the generalized condition, while the many-veined wings of the Hepialidee and Micropterygide were looked upon as being at the sum- mit of specialization in that order. In the Diptera the wing of the Muscidee was taken as the starting point, and the extra veins found in the Tabanide and Leptide: were considered as entirely new develop- ments and were given special names. The same view was held by writers on the Hymenoptera, where a wing type similar to that found in the Sphecidee was made use of. Our knowledge of the homology of the wing veins of insects is due to the work of several investigators. The first one to consider this subject was Hermann Hagen.’ He published a paper Ueber rationelle Benennung des Geaders in den Fligeln der Insekten, but this had little more effect than to call attention to the importance of the sub- ject. The first serious attempt to homologize the wing veins of insects of all orders was not undertaken until sixteen years later when Josef Redtenbacher’ published a paper on a Vergleichende Studien uber das Fliigelgeader der Insekten, which was an epoch-making work. Unfortunately he made the serious mistake at the beginning of his investigations of adopting the conclusions of Adolph;” who, from a study of the development of wing veins, had concluded that the veins were.of two distinct kinds, concave and convex. The coneave veins had been produced by a thinning and the convex veins by a thickening of the wing membrane; the former by a pushing in of the trachea, the latter by the formation of chitinous lines and occupied by tracheee only secondarily. Redtenbacher believed further that the wing was longitudinally plaited, consisting ef alternate ridges and grooves, the concave or primary veins being situated at the bottom of the grooves and the convex or secondary veins along the top of the ridges. He considered that in the primitive insect the two wings of each side were fan-like in form and similar in venation, like the wings of the Saltatorial Orthoptera and Ephemeride. Starting with such a many- veined type, he was successful in homologizing the main stems of the principal veins, but through his efforts to app eae theory y of colee a Tae extended Dinocmnnie of papers dealing oi the wing veins of insects the following should be consulted: H. J. Kolbe. Einfiihrung in die Kenntniss der Insecten. 1898. Pp. 269-271. A. 8S. Packard. Text-book of Entomology. 1898. Pp. 147-148. >Hermann Hagen. Stett. Ent. Zeit., XX XI, 1870, pp. 316-320. ¢ Josef Redtenbacher. Ann. k. k. Nata) hae: , 1, 1886, pp. 153-232. @G. Ernst Adolph. Ueber Insectenfltigel. 1879. a no. 148. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MAcGILLIVRAY. 571 he was led into serious errors in homologizing the tips of the veins. In comparing the few veined wings of the Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera, where practically all the concave veins are wanting, with his primitive fan-type of wing, he concluded that fully one-half of the veins had been lost. He was the first to devise a uniform nomenclature and to apply it to all the orders of winged insects. Beginning with the front margin of the wing, the veins were named costa. subeosta, radius, media, cubitus, and anal. The convex veins were designated by odd Roman numerals, costa by I, radius by IIT, media by V, cubitus by VII, and the convex anal veins by LX, XI, XIII, ete., the coneave veins by even Roman numerals, subcosta by I, the concave anal veins by VIII, X, XII, etc., the concave veins IV and VI being left unnamed. The branches of the veins were desig- nated by Arabic numerals appended as indices to the Roman numerals the Arabic indices being odd or even in accordance with whether the veins were convex or concave. 5 Redtenbacher in conjunction with Brauer in Ein Beitrag zur Ent- wicklung des Fliigelgeaders der Insekten,“ from a study of the devel- opment of the veins in the wing of a nymph of an Aschnid, proved that both concave and convex veins are preceded by trachezw and are therefore similar in origin and consequently completely upset the conclusions of Adolph. Spuler in 1892 in a paper, Ziir Phylogenie und Ontogenie des Flii- gelgeaders der Schmetterlinge,’? gave the results of an investigation of the tracheze that precede the wing veins, determined the type of the lepidopterous wing, and was the first to recognize that radius in the hind wings of this order has only two branches. A modified form of the Redtenbacher notation was adopted, the veins being numbered consecutively with Roman numerals and Arabie indices regardless of their origin, Redtenbacher’s veins IV and VI being entirely disre- garded. Unfortunately, however, he overlooked the trachea of costa, vein I, and began his numbers with the second of the principal veins. The following year Comstock’ published the results of a general investigation of wing veins, with special reference to the Lepidoptera. From a comparative study of the wings of carboniferous insects he showed that the two pairs of wings were similar in form and venation, the most generalized forms being found among the carboniferous cockroaches, where, with one exception—the anal furrow, vein VIII— all of the veins are convex, while none of the wings are plaited. He further showed that the fan-type of wing assumed by Redtenbacher as the primitive type was an extreme type of specialization for a par- ticular kind of flight, and that instead of regularly alternating concave “F, Brauer and J. Redtenbacher. Zool. Anz., XI, 1888, pp. 444-447. bA.Spuler. Zeit. Wiss. Zool., LIII, 1892, pp. 597-646. ¢J. H. Comstock. Wilder Quarter-Century Book, 1893, pp. 37-113. 572 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. and convex veins the concave veins are secondary in origin, being either modified convex veins or veins that have arisen de novo. The concave veins having arisen to meet two distinct needs—first, in those insects where the wings are broadly expanded so as to fit them fora sliding flight there is a necessity for a plaiting of the wings when not in use so as not to impede locomotion on foot; and second, where the width of the wings has been greatly reduced to fit them for a rapid vigorous flight and the wings have been corrugated so as to strengthen them. The concave veins IV and VI, here named ‘* premedia” and ** postmedia,” respectively, were considered as wanting not only in the Lepidoptera, but also in the primitive insect’s wing. They were con- sidered to be present only in those highly specialized wings of modern insects where a corrugation of the wing has arisen. The nomen- clature of Redtenbacher was adopted in all details, except that the branches of the veins were numbered consecutively with Arabic indices regardless as to whether they were convex or concave. Packard,” in 1895, gave an abstract of Spuler’s paper mentioned above, in which the nomenclature of Spuler is followed. Apparently, if we may Judge from his labeling of a notodontid wing, he has over- looked one of the most important facts discovered by Spuler, namely, that the radius of the hind wings of the Lepidoptera consists of two branches. Ina Manual for the Study of Insects,’ published during the same year, the homology of the wing veins in the orders Lepidoptera, Dip- tera, and Hymenoptera was carefully determined and named in accord- ance with the modified Redtenbacher notation. The concave veins IV and VI were shown to be wanting in these orders, but were supposed to be present as secondary developments in those orders where the fan-type of wing existed. In £897 Comstock and Needham ¢ began jointly the publication of a series of articles on the wings of insects of all orders. This investi- gation was developed along two distinct lines and all the accessible material of all the orders of winged insects. was examined. First, wherever possible, a careful study was made of the trachee which precede the veins in the wings of immature insects; and, second, there was made a morphological comparison of the veins in the wings of adult insects. The following important results were reached: First. That the concave veins IV and VI are wanting in the wings of all insects. Second. That the primitive insect’s wings had comparatively few veins. These veins were eight in number. Beginning with the front @A.S8. Packard. Psyche, VII, 1895, pp. 235-241. bJ. H. and A. B. Comstock. Ithaca, N. Y., 1895. ¢J. H. Comstock and J. G. Needham, The Wings of Insects, Amer, Nat., XXXIT and XX XIII, 1898 and 1899, xo.143s, WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MacGILLIVRAY. 573 margin of the wing, they are costa unbranched, subcosta with two branches, radius with five branches, media with four branches, cubitus with two branches, and three unbranched anal veins. Third. That the modification in the number of wing veins of insects has proceeded along two distinct lines, the specialization of wing veins by reduction and the specialization of wing veins by addition. The former is illustrated by the wings of the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera; and the latter by the wings of the orders Orthop- tera, Ephemerida, and Neuroptera. Fourth. The development of a hypothetical wing type, which was believed to represent the maximum number, the arrangement, and the method of branching of the veins of the primitive insect’s wing. This hypothetical type was shown to be of primary importance in determining the homology of the wing veins of insects of all orders. The terminology of Redtenbacher had been applied in so many dif- ferent ways by previous investigators that these writers made use of a different system of notation. They adopted the names of the stems of the veins as used by Redtenbacher and used abbreviations of these names to designate the veins, Arabic numerals being added as indices to the abbreviations for designating the branches of the veins. The abbreviations used were the following: costa, C; subcosta, Sc; radius, R; media, M; cubitus, Cu; and the anal veins as Ist A, 2d A, and 3d A. In 1902¢ Enderlein, in a discussion of an abnormal specimen of Telea polyphemus gives the results of an extended investigation of the interrelation of the wing and body tracheew. The trachewe of each wing is divided into two systems, the radial and the medial, the former including the costa, subcosta, and radius; the latter, media, cubitus, anal, and axillary veins. It is unfortunate that this writer did not study some of the generalized Lepidoptera, such as the Hepia- lide. It has been amply proven that in certain of the lower orders of insects, as the Plecoptera, there are two tracheal trunks, the anterior giving rise to costa, subcosta, radius, and media; the posterior, to cubitus and the anal veins. That this was probably the primitive condition in the Lepidoptera is shown by the adult wings of certain species of //epialus in which media anastomoses with cubitus for a short distance, bends abruptly toward the radius, joins it, and coa- lesces with it to the base of the wing. In most Lepidoptera this basal | connection between media and radius has been lost, but the condition found in Hepralus would seem to indicate that the arrangement of the veins into systems as shown by Enderlein was probably an acquired one. He has shown conclusively that costa of both wings is “Dr. G. Enderlein. Eine einseitige Hemmengsbildung bei Telea polyphemus vom ontogenetischen Standpunkt. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Entwicklung der Schmetterlinge. Zool, Jahrb., XVI, 1902. Part 4. 574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, always preceded by a trachea and that in certain cases this is the most prominent trachea in the wing. The tracheal trunks behind cubitus are divided into two groups. The anterior he has called the anal group and the posterior the axillary group. The modified Redtenbacher nomenclature used by Comstock and Needham is adopted. From a study, extending over a period of several years, of the wing-veins of the superfamily Tenthredinoidea, which contains all the generalized wings found in the order Hymenoptera, I am convinced that the homologies established for the Hymenoptera by Comstock in his Manual for the Study of Insects, and farther elaborated by Com- stock and Needham, are correct, and they are accepted and followed in this paper. An attempt will be made here to explain some details of the Hymenopterous wing as exemplified by the Tenthredinoidea and not discussed by these investigators. Il.—_GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. In determining the homology of the wing-veins of insects, conelu- sions are reached by two different methods. First, by a study of the ontogony of the wing-veins, which consists of a careful examination of the tracheation that precedes the veins and a comparison of it with the wing-veins of the pupa and adult. Asa rule, cross-veins are not preceded by trachew, so that this method, where it can be applied, is of the greatest importance in determining the course and extent of the principal veins and their branches. Second, by a study of the phy- logeny of the wing-veins, which consists of a careful comparison of the progressive modifications found in the wings of adult insects. By this method, the accuracy of the results depend on the skill of the investi- gator in deciphering the record. It has been shown by Comstock and Needham” that an ontogenetic study of the wings of the Hymenoptera is not of any value in deter- mining the homology of the veins, and I can not do better than quote their account: The importance of this method of study has been well shown by the results we have obtained. But we also found that in the Trichoptera there is little correlation between the venation and the tracheation of the wings, a remarkable reduction of the wing trachee having taken place. A similar reduction of the trachez of the wings exists in most families of Diptera; and even when a large proportion of the trachew are retained, as in certain Asilids, they afford little aid in the determining of the homologies of the wing-veins. For this reason we omitted a discussion of the tracheation of the wings of Diptera. Again, in the Hymenoptera we find that the courses of the tracheze can not be depended upon for determining the homologies of the wing-veins. But here, in the more generalized members of the order, we find a very complete system of wing-trache:e, and it is, therefore, incumbent onus either to point out the correspondence between the tracheze and the wing-veins, or to demonstrate that such a correspondence does not exist. aJ. H. Comstock and J. G. Needham. Amer. Nat., XXXII, 1898, pp. 421-422. no. 1488. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRAY. 5D In the Hymenoptera, as we have shown, the courses of the branches of the forked veins, in those forms where they have been preserved, have been so modified that these branches extend more or less transversely, making sharp angles with the main stems. it is not strange, therefore, that the trachez of the wings of the pupa lying free within the wing-sac, have not followed these changes. It was found, however, that this is not the explanation of the change. An exami- nation of the wings of young pupze of the honey-bee revealed the fact that in this insect the laying out of the wing-venation precedes the tracheation of the wing. After the wing-veins reach that stage of development in which they appear as pale bands, the tracheze grow out from the base of the wing into them. It is obvious that tracheze developed in this way will follow the paths offering the least resistance to their progress; and that it is not to be expected that the tracheze will preserve their primitive arrangement under these conditions. This brings us to the conclusion, already announced, that in determining the homologies of the wing- veins in the Hymenoptera we are forced to base our conclusions on a study of the veins themselves, and that a method of study which is of the highest importance in determining the homologies of the wing-veins in many other insects, is of little use here for this special purpose. From the results just given it is evident that we must depend entirely on a careful comparison of the wing-veins of the Tenthredi- noidea, part by part, for a determination of their homology. Before considering the special modifications of wing-veins, some discussion is necessary of the manner in which the veins may be modified or reduced in number and the resultant reduction or combination of cells. A reduction in the number of wing-veins may take place in two ways—first, by the coalescence of two or more adjacent veins; and second, by the atrophy of a whole or a part of a vein. The first method of reduction, coalescence, may proceed in three ways—first, by the coalescence of principal veins or branches from the base of the wing toward the margin; second, by the coalescence of the tips of veins or branches from the margin of the wing toward the base; and third, by the coming together of two veins at some point more or less remote from the margin of the wing and their coalescence for a greater or less distance. This third type of coalescence is generally spoken of as anastomosis. ‘The modern hymenopterous type of wing has been produced, as will be described later, by a combination of all three of these methods. The second method of reduction, atrophy, or the fading out of the whole or a part of a vein, is the means by which most of the changes found in the modern hymenopterous wing are brought about. When two or more branches or any of the principal veins coalesce, this fact is indicated by placing a plus sign (+) between the abbrevia- tions of the veins that have combined. If, for example, R, and R, coalesce, the legend would be R,,,; while if any of the principal veins combine, as R, M, and Cu, it would be written thus: R+M+Cu. This implies that not only the branches of the same vein, but that the stems of the different veins, as well as the branches of different veins, may coalesce. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05 38 576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, The cells of the wing are named by applying to them the abbrevia- tions of the vein forming its front margin, the group of cells at the base of the wing (fig. 1), being designated by the abbreviations of the principal veins, while the group of cells at the apex of the wing are designated by the branches of the veins. It should be borne in mind that when the vein forming the front margin of a cell is a composite one, as R,,,, the cell behind this vein is not R,,,, but R,, the cell R, having been obliterated by the coalescence of the veins R, and R,. When cells are divided by a cross-vein, as cell M,, the basal portion is spoken of as Ist M, and the marginal portion as 2d M,. In labeling the figures of entire wings, the names of the veins are put either on the veins or near them, and an arrow placed to indicate the vein to which the name applies, or at their apices around the wing margin, while the names of the cells are placed within the cells to which they apply. All that portion of a vein that does not coalesce with any other vein is spoken of as the free part of that vein. If media be taken as an example, then all that portion of M, between the point where it sepa- rates from M, and the margin of the wing would be the free part of M,. In the following pages the origin of particular veins is frequently spoken of. By this is meant the point or place where they separate or fork and does not refer to the actual point of origin. If media be taken again as an example, the point where M, separates from M, would be considered as the origin of the free part of M,. Although there are no facts in support of the method here given, and although it implies a condition much more generalized than is found in the hypothetical tvpe, yet I have always found it easier in working out the homology of veins myself, and also in explaining venational problems to others, to consider each of the branches of any vein as extending from the base to the margin of the wing. If radius and its five branches be taken as an example, the stem part, always designated as R, would be considered as being a combination of all the branches of radius, or as Ry+5+,444;. which divides into R, and R,. In like manner the stem of the radial sector would be considered as being a combination of all the branches of the radial sector, or as R,+3+4+5,5 Which divides into R,,, and R,,,, and these in turn into R, and R,, and R, and R,, respectively. So that in tracing out the course of any of the branches of radius by drawing a pencil along them, as R,, beginning at the base of the wing, we would pass first over the stem of R, then over the stem of the radial sector, then over R,,,, and finally over the free part of R,. no. 1488. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRAY. yaa III.—THE ORIGIN OF THE HYMENOPTEROUS TYPE. In order that the reader can follow more intelligently the later discussions, the following general description of the origin of the wing of the Hymenoptera is introduced at this point. Use has been made of the following series of hypothetical figures to show how the existing arrangement of wing-veins was in all probability developed from a wing similar to that of the Comstock and Needham hypotheti- cal type. This series begins, therefore, with this hypothetical type and concludes with a typical generalized hymenopterous wing, which is the wing of Macroxyela ferruginea to which has been added the free part of Cu,. To the hypothetical type I have added the cross- veins which are present in hymenopterous wings. These cross-veins are as follows: The radial cross-vein 7, situated between R, and R,; this is wanting in the Hymenoptera only in certain genera of the Tenthredinoidea. M Q 2 sdA pg ime 1st-A —— Cu. 4 bp LarP ae — 7; 1 Cu 3d 4 od 4 oe Fic. 1.—HYPOTHETICAL WING TYPE. The radio-medial cross-vein 7-7, situated between radius and media. The medial cross-vein m, situated between M, and M,. The medio-cubital cross-vein j-cu, situated between media and cubitus. Beginning with the anal veins, the veins will be taken up in order, proceeding from the hind to the front margin of the wing. The anal veins are three in number, simple, fill the anal portion of the wing, and are known as Ist A, 2d A, and 3d A. The first modifi- vation of the anal veins to be noted is the coalescence of the tips of 2d A and 3d A, resulting in the closing of the second anal cell at the margin of the wing (fig. 2). This coalescence proceeds farther and farther and the Ist A migrates toward the combined tip of 2d A and 8d A and combines with it, shoving the second anal cell toward the base of the wing and closing the first anal cell at the margin (figs. 3-4). Coincident with this apical coalescence, the base of 2d A migrates 578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. . Vou. xxix. forward to the base of 1st A, combines with it, and closes the first anal cell at base as well as at apex (figs. 4-5). The further modifi- vations of the anal veins and cells are all the result of this coalescence continued at apex and base until the free part of 2d A appears as a cross vein just beyond the middle of the cell, while the apex of the cell bears an elongate, simple, spur-like vein formed by the combined OU 2d A+3d‘A ist A Fic, 2.—MODIFIED HYPOTHETICAL TYPE. union of the three anal veins (figs. 7-8). We thus have formed what is known to the students of the Tenthredinoidea as the lanceolate cell, which is in reality two very different cells. The modifications of the lanceolate cell serve as excellent characters for tracing the phylogeny of the family Tenthredinide and for dividing it into smaller groups. The cubitus, Cu, is a forked vein lying just in front of the three anal veins (fig. 1). The two branches of cubitus, Cu, and Cu,, migrate ) Q j y 2 1st At2d At+3d AtCu,,,+M, M, FIG. 6.—MODIFIED HYPOTHETICAL TYPE. Thus far there has been considered only a hypothesis as to how the most generalized hymenopterous wing known could have been formed. The data upon which this hypothesis is founded is not original with the writer but is based on facts first pointed out by Prof. J. H. Comstock in his Manual forthe Study of Insects and Elements of Insects Anatomy. Let us now look at a few of these facts on which this hypothesis is based. If a careful study be made of a number of wings of the Diptera, one of the most striking facts noted will be that ** there is a Ist A+2d At+3d AtCu,, AML M, 3+4 Fig. 7.—MODIFIED HYPOTHETICAL TYPE. marked tendency for veins to coalesce from the margin of the wing toward the base.” In fact, if the wing of J//das (fig. 28) be examined, it will be seen that a larger proportion of the veins are coalesced at apex than in any known hymenopterous wing. If Cu, and Ist A be examined in the wings of /antarbes (fig. 21), Hraw (tig. 22), Tabanus (fig. 23), Scenopinus (tig. 24), Rhamphomyza (tig. 25), and Musca (tig. 26), 582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. in the order named, there will be found a complete series showing how Cu, has combined with Ist A. It is true that only one branch of cubitus has combined with the anal vein, yet it shows how this coales- cence proceeds. When the medial area of Arar (fig. 22) is examined it will be noted that M, and Cu, have coalesced at apex, crowding the cell M, back from the margin of the wing just as cell M, is pushed back in the hymenopterous wing, and it does not need a long stretch of the imagination to understand what would be the result if the vein M,+Cu, were to migrate toward the apex of the vein Ist A, as has occurred in the Hymenoptera. The wing of “vax shows also how, through the combination of the apices of the veins, the medial cross-vein has been swung around from a transverse toa longitudinal position. This same condition is also shown in the wing of Pantarbes (fig. 21), where the medial cross vein and the first three branches of media assume a position almost identical with that found in the Hymenoptera. — It also shows how the branches of R, and M, have coalesced, the only differ- Ist At2d At3d AtCu,,.+M,, , Fic. 8.—TYPICAL HYMENOPTEROUS WING. ence inthe Hymenoptera being that this condition has proceeded much farther and R, also has combined with M,. This condition found in Pantarbes is not peculiar to this wing, but is also found in Pipunculus, Conops (fig. 27), most Syrphide, and many Calyptrate Muscide. The wing of JM/idas (tig. 28) is an interesting example of how far this apical coalescence may proceed. In this wing the coalescence takes place in a different direction, but is just as pertinent to the point in hand. Here veins R,,,, R,, and R,, have coalesced with R, in just the same way that R, and R, have coalesced with M, in the Hymenop- tera, the difference being that in the Hymenoptera only two veins coalesce while in this dipterous wing three veins have coalesced and the fourth vein has migrated up to the tip of R,. Both branches of subcosta are preserved in but very few insects and the peculiar anasto- mosis of Sec, and R, and the formation of the stigma are paralleled in the wings of the Plecoptera. In the genus Vemoura (fig. 29), the anastomosis extends for only a short distance, while in the genus of Se,, resulting in a condition similar to that found in the generalized Tenthredinoidea. IvV.—A STUDY OF THE WING AREAS. As already indicated, the wings of insects may be divided into six well-marked areas, an area for each of the principal veins. It is true that these areas are closely interlocked in the Tenthredinoidea, but this seems the most logical way of approaching the subject. An attempt will be made here to describe the most important modifications found in the wings of existing genera. 1. THE FRONT WINGS. In all insects where the wings of aside are closely fastened together for unison in flight, there is a great difference in the amount of reduc- tion found in the two wings. It isa well-established fact that that animal whose wings approximate most nearly a triangle in outline is the most efficient flyer. For this reason it is apparent that when the wings are of this type, as in the order Hymenoptera, the hind wings are always the ones to undergo the greater amount of reduction, and consequently it has been found necessary to discuss the areas of the two wings separately. THE COSTAL AREA. Costa is a simple straight vein of the same width throughout in the Lydide (figs. 36-43), Xyelide (figs. 31-35), and Megalodontide (fig. 92). In most genera, as Dolerus (fig. 49), Preronus (fig. 68), Blen- nocanipa (fig. 72), and Hriocampa (fig. +7), it is decidedly thickened at apex, spatulate in outline, while in the Cimbicinze (figs. 59-60), it is thickened throughout its entire length and lies adjacent to Se + R+ M, practically squeezing out the costal and subcostal cells. A peculiar condition found in most of the Tenthredinoidea, though not occurring outside this superfamily, so far as I have been able to observe, is a hinge-like thinning out of the margin of the wing at the base of the stigma. It is present in all the genera except the large- bodied, active species of the family Siricidee (figs. 86-91), and the subfamilies Cimbicine (figs. 59-60) and Pterygopherine (fig. 81).. It represents the space on the margin of the wing between the apex of the costa and the point where the second branch of subcosta joins the margin. In those forms where this structure is wanting it has been chitinized secondarily, and even here its position can often be detected because the band of chitin closing the space is not so broad as it is on either side of it. The humeral cross vein, situated at the base of the wing between costa and subcosta, is one of the most constant of the cross veins found 584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. in the other orders of insects. In the Tenthredinoidea it is present only in Macroxyela ferruginea, and even here is only faintly indicated. In the Lydide, there is a broad thickening at the base of subcosta and a similar thickening in the Megalodontide (fig. 92) between costa and Sc-+R-+M that may be homologous with this cross-vein. THE SUBCOSTAL AREA. Subcosta does not occur in the Hymenoptera outside the superfamily Tenthredinoidea, and here only in the families Xyelidee (figs. 31-35) and Lydidx (figs. 36-43). In most of the genera of these families subcosta extends midway between costa and R+M. Near its apex it divides into Se,, which ends in the margin of the wing, and Se,, which anastomoses with R-++-M and ends in the margin of the wing at the base of the stigma. Behind the stem of subcosta there is found the cell Se and behind and beyond the vein Se, the cell Se, In J/egaryela (fig. 31) and Odontophyes (tig. 32) the cell Se, is very small, due to the great length of subcosta. Subcosta divides into Se, and Se, midway between the origin of media and the radial sector. In J/acroxyela (tig. 33) this separation takes place just beyond the origin of media, while in the Lydide this separation is a considerable distance before the origin of media. These wings show that there isa progressive migra- tion of the origin of Sc, and Se, from near the origin of the radial sector to a position near the base of the wing. In Xye/a (fig. 35) and Manoxyela (fig. 34) the stem of subcosta is closely appressed to R+M, though it is never coalesced with it, so far as I have been able to observe, almost obliterating the cell Se and causing the branch Sc, to extend like an oblique cross-vein from R+M to the wing margin. In Neurotoma (tig. 36) the free part of Sc, has completely atrophied, while the remainder of the vein is normal. An interesting related condition is found in certain of the large species of Siricidee, as Zremex columba (fig. 91), where the area of the wing situated between costa and R+M is almost as strongly chitinized as the veins themselves. In wings mounted in balsam it is possible to trace as a pale line a condition of subcosta similar to that found in Vewrotoma. This seems to indicate that subcosta has been suppressed in two ways, first, by the close appression of its stem to R+M and its probable later coalescence with it, and, second, by the chitinization of the area between costa and R-+M, and in this manner doing away with the necessity for a vein to stiffen this area. In all other Tenthredinoidea, where any portion of subcosta is pres- ent, other than the apex of Sc,, it is the free part of Sc,. It extends as a cross-vein between costa and R+M, and is usually spoken of by the investigators on this superfamily as the intercostal cross-vein. It is generally situated just in front of the radial end of the medio- cubital cross-vein, except in X/phydria (tig. 85), where it is sometimes NO. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MaAcGILLIVRA ¥Y. 585 opposite the point of origin of media, and in )/neura (fig. 63), where it is distinctly beyond the radial end of this cross-vein. An interest- ing modification is found in the subfamily Tenthredinine (figs. 56-58), where R+M is bent at a prominent angle at the point where it is joined. by Se,, indicating a condition more closely related to the Xye- lidee and Lydide than is found in the other members of the family Tenthredinide. Se, is best preserved in those genera where the medio- cubital cross-vein and the stem of M,,, are strongly divergent behind. In fact, there seems to be a direct correlation between the divergence of these veins, the widening of the area between costa and Sc+R+M, and the preservation of the free part of Sc,. This is especially marked in the subfamily Nematine (fig. 68). The free part of Sc, is entirely wanting in the Cephide (figs. 93-96), Oryssidee (fig. 97), Cimbicine (figs. 59-60), and numerous genera of other groups as Labidarge (fig. 78), Phyllotoma (fig. 54), Harpiphorus, and Blasticotoma (fig. 44); while in many genera, as Stromiboceros (fig. 50), Dolerus (tig. 49), and JMacro- phya (fig. 57) there is a marked thinning out of the costal half of the vein, while in still other genera as A//antus and Athalia, there is only a slight projection on the front margin of Se+R+M. If the record has been correctly interpreted, the free part of Se,, as represented in the genus Dineura (fig. 63), has undergone a double migration. First, from near the stigma to the condition found in Xyela (fig. 85), as shown by the wings of the Xyelide and Lydide, and second, after the coalescence of the stem of subcosta with R+M, a remigration toward the stigma has resulted. = THE RADIAL AREA. Radius divides into R, and the radial sector just before the stigma, of which the vein R, forms the hind margin, and beyond the stigma extends along just within the wing margin to or beyond the apex OL Ry. There is only one family of Hymenoptera, the Xyelide (figs. 31-35), in which all the branches of radius are present. In all the families except the one named the entire free part of R, has been obliterated. In the genus Macroryela (tig. 33) R, arises about midway between the radial cross-vein and the origin of the free part of the vein R,; in Manoxyela (tig. 34) it usually arises near the apex of the cell R,, though in the same species it may in some specimens arise from the cell R, and in others be interstitial with the free part of the vein R,, and in Xyela (tig. 35), although it normally arises from the cell R,, yet it is sometimes interstitial with the free part of the vein R,. The radial cross-vein is situated between the vein R, and the stem of the radial sector, dividing the cell R, into two parts. Within cer- tain limits it is fairly constant in its position. In every case, so far as I have observed, its anterior end is joined to about the middle of 586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, the stigma. Its posterior end in the families Xyelidee (figs. 31-35) and Cephidie (figs. 93-96) is attached near the middle of the cell R,; in the Megalodontide (fig. 92) and Siricidee (figs. 86-91), except the genera Tremex (fig. 91) and Zeredon (fig. 90), where it is joined to the cell R,, it is attached just beyond the middle of the cell R,; in the Lydidee (figs. 36-43) it varies in position from just beyond the middle of the cell R, to the apex of this cell, and in some forms is interstitial with the free part of the vein R,, and in all other Tenthre- dinoidea it is attached near the middle of the cell R,, except in certain species of Zenthredopsis, Scolioneura (tig. 75), Monophadnus, Lycaota (fig. 55), and Llennocampa (fig. 72), where it is interstitial with the free part of the vein R,, and in certain species of the genus Aaliosys- phinga (tig. 73), where it is attached to the cell R,, but this latter change is not due to a shifting of the position of the radial cross-vein, but to a migration of the free part of the vein R, toward the base of the wing. The radial cross-vein is present in the wings of all Hyme- noptera where the base of the radial sector is present other than those of a few groups of Tenthredinidae, Lophyrine (fig. 45), Nematinee (fig. 68), Perreyiine (fig. 80), Pergine (fig. 84), and Pterygopherine (fig. 81). The radio-medial cross-vein is rarely wanting, though in many genera it is so completely covered by a large clear spot or bulla that it is often difficult to determine whether it is present or not. This condition is well shown in many Nematinz, where all stages from a distinct well-marked cross-vein to its total disappearance can be found. In other genera, as 7richiosoma (fig. 59), Clavellarva (tig. 60), Oryssus (tig. 97), Hal/osysphinga (fig. 73), Acordulecera (fig. 83), and Blasticotoma (fig. 44), all trace of the cross-vein has disappeared, while in Monoctenus (tig. 67) only the posterior half is wanting. In those genera, where this cross-vein is retained, it always appears as a transverse vein extending between the stem of the radial sector and the-stem of media. In the Xyelide (figs. 31-35) the medial end has swung toward the base of the wing so that it appears to be a contin- uation of the radial sector, while a portion of the stem of the radial sector appears to be the cross-vein. In certain genera of the Siri- cide, as S7rex (fig. 87-88) and Tremewx (fig. 91), the medial end has swung around still farther toward the base of the wing so that it arises from the angle made by the transverse and longitudinal parts of the stem of media where it is joined by the medio-cubital cross-vein, and in some species arises distinctly from the transverse part of media. The free part of R, is wanting in only a very few genera, as Dolerus (fig. 49), Loderus, Huura, and Tremew (tig. 91). The free part of R, so far as observed is never wanting in this super- family. It is not so constant in position as R,; in the Xyelide (figs. NO. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MAcGILLIVRAY. 587 31-35) and Lydide (figs. 36-43) it is an oblique transverse vein situ- ated near the margin of the wing. In most Tenthredinids, as /op/o- campa (fig. 61), Cladius (fig. 66), Ten- thredo (fig. 56), and Dineura (tig. 68), it is found in the apical third of the distance between the base of the stigma and the apex of the wing, while in a few genera, as Loboceras (fig. 82), Acordulecera (fig. 83), and many Hylotomine (fig. 76), it is found near the middle of this area. In the apex of the wing of many Ten- thredinoidea, as S7rex and Tremea (fig. 10, e), there is found a prominent spur- like projection from the apex of the cell R,,.. The area included in front of this spur has been termed the appendiculate cell. As there is no vein forming the front margin of this cell, and as this name is in general use by the investigators on this order, it will be used here. The origin of the appendiculate cell will be more readily understood if we examine this region first in certain genera where be present. FIG. 9.—ORIGIN OF THE APPENDICULATE CELL. a, MACROXYELA FERRUGINEA; b, MONOCTENUS JUNIPERI; ¢c, CLAVEL- LARIA AMERINEH; d, XIPHYDRIA CAMELUS; e€, PERRYIA VITELLINA. the appendiculate cell is not supposed to If the front wing of almost “ any member of this superfamily be ex- amined in this region, it will be noted that the portion of R, beyond the stigma does not form the margin of the wing but is set in a short distance from it. This is especially marked in the genera Macroxyela (tig. 9, a), Tenthredo (fig. 56), e Monoctenus (fig. 9, 6), Cladius (fig. 66), and Strongylogaster (fig. 51). It should be also noted that in all these wings Rk, d extends beyond the point where it is joined by R,. in most Cimbicine, as Clavellaria (tig. e 9, c), where there is also a slight curving down of R, at the point where R, joins This is especially marked Fic. 10.—APPENDICULATE CELL. a, Diz- it. Nowif this region at the apex of R, LOCERUS FORMOSUS; b, PACHYLOTA AUDOUINII; c, PTERYGOPHORUS CINCTUS; is examined in the following wings, it d, LABIDARGE DIBAPHA; ¢, TrReMEX Will be seen that the formation of the FUSCICORNIS. appendiculate cell is only a gradual modi- fication of the condition existing in the wing of C/avellarva. In Xiphydria (tig. 9, d), the bending down is slightly more pronounced 588 EES DOINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. yet not so pr inca that sy stematists have ascribed an jppendicalite - to this genus. In the genera Perreyia (fig. 9, ¢), Dielocerus (tig. 10, a), Pte Doeplon us (fig. 10 e), Labidarge (fig. 10, d), Strex (figs. 87- 88), and Zremex (fig. 10, e), all of which are considered as having an appendiculate cell, there is a perfect series from the condition found in Tenthredo and Clavellaria to those genera in which the appendic- ulate cell is well marked. This series also shows clearly that the vein projecting from the apex of the cell 2d R,+R, in Zremex is not of secondary origin but is vein R,, which has moved in from the margin of the wing and that vein R, ends at the point where it joins R,. The formation of the appendiculate cell has arisen through the necessity for a stiffening of the apex of the wing. THE MEDIAL AREA. The point of separation of the stem of media from radius and the position of the medio-cubital cross-vein are so intimately associated that they will be discussed together. Media is found in its most primi- tive condition in the wings of Manowyela (tig. 84), where it separates from radius very nearly midway between the stigma and the base of the wing. It does not bend down at right angles, as is the case in most of the veins of the Hymenoptera, but brafiches off in a manner similar to that found in the branches of radius and media in the dip- terous wing. This has a marked effect on the size and shape of the cell R, which is here three times as long as it is broad at its widest point. The medio-cubital cross-vein also occupies a very generalized position. It is located at the apex of the cell R, almost interstitial with the radio-medial cross-vein, while in all other Tenthredinoidea it is found at or near the base of the cell R. In Macroxyela (tig. 33) we find a slight modification of the condition found in M/anoxyela. Here media has combined with radius for a greater distance, separating from radius distinctly beyond the middle of the distance between the stigma and the base of the wing, while the cell R is only about twice as long as broad. The medio-cubital cross-vein arises from near the apex of the cell R and is about the same length as the portion of media between it and radius, the two standing at about the same angle like the top of a Y. In all other Tenthredinoidea the media has coalesced with radius for a much greater distance—for at least three-fourths of that portion of radius extending between the stigma and the base of the wing. In AX¢phydria (fig. 85) media arises very much as in the wings just described and the medio-cubital cross-vein is transverse and placed just before the middle of the cell R. The wing of Oryssus (fig. 97) is another interesting example. In this wing the pedaeeien in the number of wing veins has been carried farther than in any other Tenthredinoidea, yet as regards the origin of media and the position of the medio-cubital cross-vein it is practically the no. 1488. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRAY. 589 same as is found in A7phydria. This is an interesting example of how very specialized a wing may be in one part while in others it may have retained a very generalized condition. In the Lydide (figs. 36-43) media arises in 2 manner similar to that just described, but the medio- cubital cross-vein is always many times longer than the transverse part of media and meets it soon after it separates from radius in the genera Bactroceros (fig. 41), Cephaleia (fig. 42), Neurotoma (fig. 36), Lvo- lyda (tig. 48), and Pamphilius (fig. 39), while in the genera /tycorsia (fig. 40), Cenolyda (fig. 38), and Lyda (fig. 37) it arises in the angle formed between radius and media. It is of interest to note that in the case of those genera where it arises in the angle between radius and media no part of the cross-vein has migrated onto radius, but that it is attached to the very base of media. In the anomalous genus 4/asticotoma (fig. 44) media, after separating from radius, goes off at a right angle for a short distance and then turns abruptly toward the apex of the wing, the anterior end of the cross-vein being joined to media at the point where the abrupt bend is made and the posterior end, instead of join- ing cubitus almost directly behind its anterior end, as in the general- ized families Xyelide and Lydide, has migrated along cubitus toward the base of the wing and extends toward media at an angle of about 45°. In most Cephide (figs. 93-96) media arises as in the Lydide and the cross-vein is in a similar position, but on first examination it appears to be very different. This is due to the migration of the basal end of the radial sector toward the radial cross-vein and the migration of the radio-medial cross-vein toward the apex of the wing, in this way greatly increasing the size of the cell R. The modifications found in the family Tenthredinide (figs. 45-84) are a continuation of those just described. The cell R instead of being a large irregular area with no two sides parallel has been trans- formed into a small quadrangular cell with the opposite sides parallel. Media has not changed its position materially from that found in the Lydidve and Blasticotomide, but the medio-cubital cross-vein is very inconstant in its location. It is usually found in a position similar to that found in Blasticotoma (tig. 44), extending at an angle of about 45°. The posterior or cubital end is fairly constant in position, but the anterior end, from being attached to the base of media, as in Periclista (fig. 69), swings toward the base of the wing; in Acordulecera (fig. 83), Rhadinocera (tig. 70), Loboceras (tig. 82), Monoctenus (tig. 67), and Perga (fig. 84) it is attached in the angle between radius and media; in Strongylogaster (tig. 51), Stromboceros (fig. 50), Dolerus (tig. 49), and Cladius (fig. 66) it is attached to radius just before the angle; in Macrophya (fig. 57), Pteronus (tig. 68), Hoplocampa (fig. 61), and Dineura (fig. 63) it is attached to radius for a considerable distance before the angle, and, finally, in 7r¢chiosoma (tig. 59) and Clavellaria 590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, (fig. 60), it is attached as far distant from media as its own length, standing almost perpendicular between radius and cubitus. In the wings just described the modifications of the origin of media and the changes in the position of the medio-cubital cross-vein marks out a distinct line of development, the changes proceeding from a generalized to a very specialized condition. The families Megalodontide (fig. 92) and Siricide (figs. 86-91) illus- trate a very different line of specialization. In those groups, when the cross-vein reaches a position similar to that found in A7phydria (fig. 85), it becomes fixed in its location and all further modifications are due to the migration of the base of media. With the genus Yer7s (fig. 89), there is a perpendicular transverse vein forming the apex of the cell M. The anterior half of this vein represents the transverse part of M and the posterior half the medio-cubital cross-vein. The peculiar condition found here has been brought about by the coales- cence of the base of media with radius to a point opposite the anterior end of the medio-cubital cross-vein. This coalescence has been carried farther and farther until in the genera 7remew (fig. 91) and Megalo- dontes (fig. 92) the medial vein separates from radius distinctly beyond the apex of the anterior end of the medio-cubital cross-vein, while the vein forming the apex of the cell M is a fairly straight but very oblique vein with M apparently arising from its middle, as has been described. All the branches of media are fairly constant in position and depart but little from the condition found in the typical hymenopterous wing. Only the more marked of these secondary modifications will be discussed here. The transverse part of M, in many of the highly specialized genera of the Tenthredinide, as Loboceras (fig. 82), Acordulecera (fig. 83), Perreyia (tig. 80), and Déelocerus (tig. 79), has migrated toward the base of the wing so that the length of the medial cross-vein is greatly reduced. In Oryssus (tig. 97) the transverse part of M, is entirely wanting, and if it were not for the presence of the first anal cell and the interrelation of the transverse part of M and the medio-cubital cross-vein, it might be easily mistaken for the wing of a Braconid. M,,, has undergone a slight modification in direction in many gen- era. This will be best understood if we look first at some of the genera of the Xyelide (figs. 31-35) and Lydide (figs. 36-43). In these genera it will be noted that if this vein were continued at the same angle to the margin of the wing that it would reach the margin at a point at or beyond the apex of the cell Ist A, while if the medio- cubital cross-vein be continued it would end near the free part of 2d A. If now we examine such genera as Pteronus (fig. 68), L/loplocampa (fig. 61), Monoctenus (fig. 67), and Clad/us (tig. 66), we find that with the marked migration of the cubital end of the medio-cubital cross- no. 1488. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MacGILLIVRAY. 591 vein toward the base of the wing there is a corresponding migration of the posterior end of the stem of M,,, toward the apex of the wing, and although this latter vein keeps relatively the same inclination, yet in these genera it would end at ora little before the apex of the cell 1st A. As was pointed out above, there seems to be a marked correla- tion between the divergence of these veins and the widening of the cell C, together with a usually well preserved Sc,; an exception is found in the genera Labidarge (tig. 78) and Slasticotoma (tig. 44), where the free part of Se, is entirely wanting and cell C is hardly more than a line, but this discrepancy is due to another cause, the different way in which the stress exerted in flight is transmitted from the stigma to the anal margin of the wing, which is shown by the angulate condi- tion of M at the origin of the stem of M,,,. If now we examine another series, as Viphydria (fig. 85) and Xver7s (fig. 89), where the medio-cubital cross-vein is transverse, we find that the posterior end of the stem of M,,, has migrated slightly toward the base of the wing and is parallel with the cross-vein. In J/egalodontes (fig. 92), where the cross-vein is oblique, the posterior end of the stem of M,,, has migrated still farther, yet maintains its parallel course. While in such genera as Strongylogaster (tig. 51), Cephus (tig. 96), Phymatocera (fig. (1), Blennocampa (fig. 72), and Tenthredo (fig. 56), where this cross- vein is strongly inclined and if continued would approximate the base of the wing, there is a corresponding migration of the posterior end of the stem of M,,, toward the base of the wing which has kept pace with the cross-vein, and if it were continued it would reach the margin some distance before the apex of the first anal cell. THE CUBITAL AREA, The base of cubitus in most Tenthredinoidea coalesces with the combined bases of radius and media for only a very short distance, for one-fifth to one-sixth the length of the distance between the base of the wing and the apex of the cell M. The family Lydide (figs. 36-48) represent a marked sidewise development as regards this coalescence, where cubitus has coalesced with R+M for fully one-third of the distance between the base of the wing and the apex of the cell M. The free part of Cu,+M, is almost always found extending between the cells M, and 1st A. In the Lydide (figs. 36-48) it joins the cell M, at or beyond the middle and the cell Ist A on its apical third or fourth with this end always pointed toward the apex of the wing. In Manoxyela (fig. 34) it occupies a similar position except that the end joining the anal vein points toward the base of the wing, while in Macroxyela (fig. 33) it joins cell M, on its apical fifth and bends toward the base of the wing. It is found in Paururus (tig. 86) near the middle of the cell M, and on the basal third of the first anal cell; in Xeris (fig. 89) it joins the cell M, on its basal fourth and the Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——39 592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. first anal cell as in Paururus; in Xiphydria (fig. 85) it joins M, at the base, being almost interstitial with the medio-cubital cross-vein, and the first anal cell at middle; and in 7remew (fig. 91) it joins the cell M distinctly before the medio-cubital cross-vein and the first anal cell on its basal fourth. In most other Tenthredinoidea it joins the cell M, just before, at, or just beyond the middle, is either trans- verse or inclined toward the apex of the wing, and joins the first anal cell near the middle, except in the genus Labidarge (fig. 78), where it joins it near the apex, a secondary modification due to the coalescence of the veins at the apex of the first anal cell. In the subfamily Ten- thredinine it joins the cell M, at base just in front of the medio-cubital cross-vein and inclines strongly toward the apex of the wing. In the genera Megalodontes (tig. 92), Oryssus (fig. 97), Trichiosoma (fig. 59), and Perga (tig. 84), it is interstitial with the medio-cubital cross-vein and likewise inclined toward the apex of the wing. In the genus Perreyia (fig. 80) there is a marked convexity in the veins Cu, and M, with the convexity turned toward the anal veins, the free part of Cu,+ M, start- ing off at the point of greatest convexity and inclining strongly toward the base of the wing. This condition seems to be characteristic of practically all the species of this subfamily. All vestige of the free part of the vein Cu, is wanting except in cer- tain species of the genera Pamphilius (fig. 39), Cephaleia (fig. 42), Bactroceros (fig. 41), Lyda (tig. 37), and Cenolyda (tig. 38) of the Lydide, and the species of the genus Paururus (tig. 86). The position of the free part of this vein is represented in various other genera of Siricidee, as Sirer californicus (fig. 87), by a minute spur. In the remaining genera of the family Lydide, where the free part of this vein is wanting, the prominent bend indicating the usual location of this vein is as prominent as in those genera where the vein is present, but even this bend is wanting in all other Tenthredinoidea. THE ANAL AREA. As already described, the wing area inclosed by the three anal veins has been named the lanceolate cell by the students of the Tenthredin- oidea. This so-called lanceolate cell is in reality two cells, Ist A and 2d A. The front margin of the first anal cell is formed for the most part by the coalesced veins, Ist A, Cu,, Cu,, and M,; its hind margin is formed by the combined 2d A and 3d A. The front margin of the second anal cell is formed for the most part by the coalesced 1st A and 2d A; its hind margin is formed by the 3d A. The cells Ist A and 2d A are separated by the free part of 2d A, which extends trans- versely and is generally spoken of as the cross-vein of the lanceolate cell, The lanceolate cell is found under five different forms: First, open at the shoulder with an oblique or straight cross-vein; this is the form found in the typical hymenopterous wing and is of most frequent ee es. wo.1488. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MaAcGILLIVRAY. 5938 occurrence (fig. 11, ad); second, open at the shoulder without a cross- vein—that is, with the free part of 2d A wanting (fig. 11, ¢); third, contracted at middle without a cross-vein (fig. 11, 6-g); fourth, petio- late (fig. 12, a—-c); and fifth, with the lanceolate cell represented only by the vein forming its front margin (fig. 81). The origin of the cells of the anal area has already been discussed, and only the origin of the different types of cells will be considered here. The anal cells are found in their simplest condition in the families Xyelide (figs. 31-35) and Lydide (figs. 36-43). In these fami- lies the important points to be noted are, that the vein forming the front margin of this area is straight, while the vein forming its hind margin is straight on its apical half and has a prominent bend or emargination on its basal half, known as the contraction of the owe 74> a lanceolate or second anal cell; that as - the anal veins have not coalesced at base; and that there is a short, Se b oblique, transverse vein near the apexes Uhis aime typeof cell is (“SL found in the genera Dolerus (fig. (© 49), Hmphytus (fig. 46), Pseudosio- oS ie q dla (fig. 48), and Ariocampa (tig. 47), except that the emargination on the 2 hind margin at base is not so deep > -_.__—__ while the cells themselves are not so broad. In Llasticotoma (tig. 44) ae, ve these cells are narrowed, but the portion of the vein on the basal side of the emargination has been en- SJ ""=—!___) [scredmshoulder tikes Aunonor Ge teg ae 20K ANAD CRIS. 9a) MACEO: Riese XYELEA FERRUGINEA; b. PAURURUS CYANEUS; Siricide there has been a gradual — ¢, cepnvs pyemxvs; d, KoNow1a WALSHI: Dulmmankedechange-. amy e776 \(11o .3'% 0 BONCYLOC ASTER. CINGULATUE, J, Horo: CAMPA FERRUGINEA; g, LABIDARGE DIBAPHA. 89) and Paururus (fig. 11, 6) the cells have been greatly elongated, together with a corresponding elon- gation of the emargination, while in 7eredon (fig. 90) and Tremewx (fig. 91) the emargination is so gradual that it would be overlooked if it were not for its presence in the closely related forms, while there has been developed an additional spur which extends from the apical end of the emargination toward the base and margin of the wing. In Jlegalodon- tes (tig. 92) these cells have been much shortened, the emargination is almost entirely wanting, while the bellving out of the third anal vein just in front of the free part of the second anal, which is only slightly indicated in the Lydidx, is well marked here. In almost a!l those gen- era where there is a prominent emargination of the third anal vein at base, there is a corresponding expansion of the wing area behind the 594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, anal veins. The Cephide (fig. un ye are an interesting ‘example of how far the reduction of this area may be carried; in this family the emargination of the base of the third anal is entirely wanting, the free part of the second anal is perpendicular to the other veins and opposite the medio-cubital cross-vein, while the wing area behind the third anal is so greatly reduced that this vein in some species practically forms the hind margin of the wing. The genera Derecyrta, Brachyxiphus, and Konowva (fig. 11, d), of the family Xiphydrtide are described as having the free part of the sec- ond anal vein present and the third anal vein united with lst A+2d A at the contraction of the third anal vein. The first two genera are unknown to me in nature, but the species of these genera, figured by Westwood” and Kirby, show the contraction of the anal cells of the same type as found in AZphydria (fig. 85). In Xiphydria the contrac- tion is much deeper and the third anal approximates more closely the ist A+2d A than in any of the other genera of the Tenthredinoidea. In Honowia walshii? the contraction is still deeper, yet the two veins do not come into actual contact with each other. X¢phydria and Konowia are of interest in showing successive stages of the anterior migration of the third anal at the contraction and to prove that at least one method of the modification of the anal cells is by the anas- tomosing of the veins at this point. The anal area has been reduced in two very different ways; first, by the anastomosis of the third anal with the first and second at the contrac- tion in the second anal cell; second, by the shortening of the free part of the second anal until the third anal comes in contact with the com- bined first and second anals. Thus it will be seen that in both cases the reduction is due to anastamosis, but that it takes place at a different point and in a different way. With the exception of the genera of the family Orysside (fig. 97), the only place where the anal area undergoes any reduction at all is in the family Tenthredinide, and even here the great majority of the genera fall under the first class. As to whether the third anal anas- tomoses with the combined first and second anals before or after the atrophy of the free part of the second anal, it is impossible to tell. If we base our conclusions on the Xiphydriide, the natural supposition would be that it took place before the atrophy of the free part of the second anal; but, from a careful study of this area, I have been led to conclude, because of the difference in the stages within the different unculless that these modifications have arisen Tule jpteun clench oe aJ. O. W estwood. econ Ent. Onan ania. 1974. W. F. Kirby. List Hymen. Brit. Mus., Tenth. and Siric. I, 1882. »T am indebted to Mr. J. Chester Bradley for an opportunity to see a specimen o} this species belonging to the U. S. National Museum Collections. The generic refer- ence was made by Dr. W. H. Ashmead. xo.143e. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MAcGILLIVRAY. 595 each family; and further believe, judging from the existing forms, that in the family Tenthredinide, where there are closely related forms with and without the free part of the first anal, that this anastomosis took place after the loss of the free part of the second anal. The type of cell, where the free part of the second anal is wanting, is illustrated by the genera Selandria, Strongylogaster (tig. 11, ¢), Stromboceros (fig. 50), and Thrinaw of the subfamily Selandrine. These genera have an anal area identical with that found in the genera Dolerus (tig. 49), Lophyrus (tig. 45), Eriocampordes (figs. 52-53), and Eimphytus (fig. 46), except for the atrophy of the part named, and rep- resent the type of lanceolate cell open at the shoulder without a cross-vein. ee g In the genera //oplocampa (fig. 11, ml Tt), Cladius (fig. 66), Monoctenus (fig. 67), Labidarge (tig. 11, 7), and /ylo- = b toma (fig. 76), the type of cells found =“ in the Selandrine has been further modified by the anastomosis of the <—— c third anal vein with the combined first and second anal veins at the point : : : d where the third anal is deeply emargi- SS nate in the Selandrins, and conse- quently, with the loss of all trace of <=” the emargination. The anastomosis varies froma short distance in //oplo- cam pa and Monoctenus to almost the DS y. entire length of the area in //ylotoma and Labidurge and is the type of a > g lanceolate cell considered as being Fie. 12—Repuction or THE ANAL CELLS. contracted at middle. Sit Coa pe eG ge enone The so-called petiolate ty pe ot lance- PAVIDUS; d, MACROPHYA ALBICINCTA; olate cell is a direct modification of the oe Seren elas panera contracted type. It is brought about in two very different ways. By the atrophy of that part of the third anal vein adjacent to the basal end of the anastomosis, or by the continuation of the anastomosis of the basal part until it reaches the base of the wing. //ylotoma and Labidarge show the basal part of the second anal cell as a minute area at the extreme base of the wing while in Pachylota (fig. 77) this area is obliterated by the completion of the coalescence. Although there is no data available, yet from the shape of the anal cells in the Orysside (fig. 97) it is quite probable that the reduction has taken place here in the same manner. That the petiolate type is brought about by atrophy is readily proven by an examination of the wings of Rhadinocerea (fig. 12, 7), Periclista (fig. 2,b),and Phymatocera (tig. 71), in the order named. In these wings sat) 596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX1X. the basal part of the third anal vein is preserved in every case, but is interrupted at the point where it should join the anastomosis. Pteronus (fig. 12, c)and Llennocampa (fig. 72) show a slightly later stage in which only the longitudinal part of this vein is preserved, while many genera, as Dineura (fig. 63), show the complete atrophy of the entire basal part of the third anal, or at most it is represented only by a fold. In Per- reyia (fig. 80) there is developed a peculiar spur on the posterior margin of the cell Ist A opposite the free part of M,+Cu,. The greatest reduction of the anal area is reached in the subfamilies Lobocerine (fig. 82), Pterygophorine (fig. 81), and Pergine (tig. 84), where all that remains is the simple straight vein. The members of these subfamilies, at least so far as this area is concerned, have reached the condition found in all the higher Hymenoptera. This condition has been reached by a continuation of the anastomosis found in Ladbi- darge (tig. 78). As was shown above, the petiolate type of cell might be produced by the anastomosis of the basal part of the third anal, while the condition here is produced by anastomosis of both basal and apical parts. It is an interesting fact that the cell on the basal side of the anastomosis is bounded in front by Ist A+2d A and behind by 3d A, while the apical half is bounded in front by Ist A and behind by 2d A+3d A, so that the resulting vein is a combination of all three anal veins, which has certainly been brought about in a very round- about manner. The second method of the modification of the anal area, namely, by the gradual shortening of the free part of 2d A and the almost com- plete obliteration of the emargination of the 3d A is found only in the subfamilies Lycaotine (fig. 12, 7), Tenthredinine (fig. 12, d-e), and Cimbicine (fig. 12, 7). When the wings of /tycorsia (fig. 40), Lyda (fig. 87), Caenolyda (fig. 88), Eriocampa (fig. 47), and Strongylogaster (fig. 51) are carefully examined there will be found at the base of the emargination a prominent shoulder, which is distinetly thickened. This shoulder is present in varying degrees in all those genera where the third anal is emarginate at base, but is especially prominent in the genera named, If, now, we examine the wings of most any member of the subfamily Tenthredinine, as I/acrophya (fig. 57), we will find near the basal side of the anastomosis a slight emargination, and just beyond it a thickening. In this emargination and thickening we find the reason for our conclusions that in these subfamilies the contracted type of cells has been produced by a shortening of the free part of the second anal. This conclusion is further confirmed by the great varia- tion in the amount of anastomosis. In the genus JMJacrophya alone this condition varies from a well-marked perpendicular free part of the second anal to an anastomosis for some distance. The perpendic- ular free part of the second anal or the anastomosis in the Tenthred- ininze occupies a position nearer the base of the wing than the corre- ts NO, 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRAY. 597 sponding parts in Dolerus or Eimphytus, bat this is undoubtedly due to the elongation and narrowing of the wing. That this position is due to the elongation of the wing is proven by the wing of Lycaota (fig. 55), which is broad and not at all elongated, while the anasto- mosis occupies a position similar to that of the free part of the second anal in Dolerus (fig. 49), and Aimphytus (fig. 46). In the Cimbicine most of the genera have lost the emargination found in the Tenthred- ininee, but in a few genera, as A/a, it is prominent. Even though the emargination were wanting in all the genera of this subfamily, the general contour of the anal area in the more generalized genera, as Cimber and Trichiosoma, would show their intimate relation to the Tenthredinine and Lycaotine. In the Cimbicine (figs. 59-60) the first anal cell is much reduced by the coalescence of the veins at its apex. In Clavellaria (fig. 60) this has proceeded so far that 2d A-+3d A has coalesced with Ist A to just before the free part of M,+Cu,. 2. THE HIND WINGS. The hind wings of most Hymenoptera have been so greatly reduced that the primary homologies can be determined only after careful study. Once the primary homologies have been established the deter- 3d A FIG. 13.—TYPICAL HIND WING WITH THE LACKING VEINS-INDICATED BY DOTTED LINES. mination of the different veins in different wings is a very simple matter. As the superfamily Tenthredinoidea contains all the hymen- opterous insects In which the hind wings are at all generalized, it is apparent thut a study of the wing areas of the members of this super- family is of the first importance. Practically all the modifications found in this wing are due to the atrophy of the transverse parts of veins or to a secondary shifting of the transverse parts of veins so as to stiffen the wing more effectually. Fig. 13 represents a generalized hind wing in which the wanting veins are indicated by dotted lines. 598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. THE COSTAL. AREA. The costal area is represented by the costa, which is present in the hind wings of practically all Tenthredinoidea as a strong vein thick- ened at base. So far as observed costa is wanting only in the genera Oryssus (fig. 97) and Stromboceros (fig. 50). On the front margin of the hind wings of all Hymenoptera there is a series of hooks for fastening the two wings of a side together so that they will move as a unit during flight. These hooks are of vary- ing extent, in the Siricidz there is a prominent group at the base and another near the apex of Sc, with isolated hooks between; this same condition is found in certain Lydidz while in others only the basal and apical areas are preserved. The Xyelidee and Xiphydriide also have basal and apical areas. In the Oryssidz there is an apical area with four or five isolated hooks just before the apical area. In most Tenthredinoidea there is only the apical area, which is likewise characteristic of the higher Hymenoptera. The apical area is of about the same extent in all the groups except the Cimbicine, where it extends from one-half to two-thirds the length of the cell R,4,. THE SUBCOSTAL AREA. All vestige of the» subcosta has disappeared except in the single family Lydide (figs. 36-43), where in the genera Lyda (fig. 387) and Bactroceros (fig. 41) it is as fully preserved as it is in the fore wing of the Lydide and Xyelidz. Subcosta and its continuation, Se,, extend as a straight vein from the base of the wing to near the apex of the vein Sc, + R,. The basal free part of Sc, is a short vein only three or four times as long as broad and in some genera, as Lactro- ceros, Neurotoma (tig. 36), and Pumphilius (fig. 39), it is only about as long as broad, while in the genus Cenolyda (fig. 38) it is entirely wanting. When present it is generally situated about midway of the vein R,, making the cells Se and Se, subequal in length. The only exception observed is in the genus Veuwrotoma, where the free part of Se, is much nearer the apex of the wing, the cell Sc, being less than one-half the length of the cell Sc. The apical free part of Sc, has been obliterated by its coalescence with R, to the margin of the wing. In the genera Pamphilius, Neurotoma, Cephaleia (fig. 42), Itycorsia (fig. 40), and Lyda a considerable portion of the subcosta found between the base of the wing and the free part of Sc, has completely atrophied, the amount varying in the different genera. The condi- tions found in the genera just named go to show that the reduction of the subcosta in the hind wings has proceeded ina very different way from what it has in the fore wing, where the modification is clearly due to coalescence. The cell lying between costa and Se+ R-+ M, C+ Se+Se,, is broad and well marked in all the specialized Tenthre- no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MaAcGILLIVRA Y. 599 dinoidea except in the family Cephide (figs. 93-96), where it has been completely squeezed out by the close apposition of costa and SG ae ha WE THE RADIAL AREA. The bases of radius and media are combined in the same way as in the forewing. The single vein R+M extends to near the middle of the wing, where it divides into R, and R,+M. In most specialized Tenthredinoidea the stem of R+M is only moderately thickened, but in Oryssus (fig. 97), the costa being wanting, the vein R+M has been excessively thickened, evidently to take up the stress that would have been transmitted along the costa. R, combined with Sc, extends obliquely to the front margin of the wing, where it anastomosis with costa in a single point, or at most for only a very short distance, just before the apical area of hooks, then curves away from the costa and joins it again at the apex of the apical area of hooks, forming a cell Sc, homologous with the stigma of the front wings. This cell is prominent in such genera as /riclista (fig. 69), Pteronus (fig. 68), Phymatocera (fig. 71), Strongylogaster (tig. 51), Dineura (fig. 63), Dolerus (fig. 49), Tenthredo (fig. 56), and Trichio- soma (fig. 59), and is generally situated at the base of the cell R,,,. In the Xyelide (figs. 31-85), Xiphydriide, Cephide (figs. 93-96), Megalodontidx, and Blasticotomide (fig. 44), this stigma-like cell is entirely wanting, while the apical area of hooks is situated on an enlargement of the costa opposite the middle of the cell R,,,. This cell is faintly indicated in the Lydide (figs. 36-48) and situated as in the Xyelidx, while in the Tenthredinid it is generally distinct except in the more specialized subfamilies. This is especially true in those genera with an appendiculate cell. The course of the apex of R, here confirms our conclusions regarding its course around the stigma in the front wings and that the stigma is nothing more than a stronger chitinization of the wing membrane in front of R, than is found in the other cells. The front margin of the cell R,., in the Siricide (figs. 86-91), Mega- lodontide (fig. 92), Xyelidw, Lydide, and Blasticotomidee is bounded by a vein of uniform width, R,, which, after joining the costa beyond the apex of the apical area of hooks, coalesce withit, the single vein extend- ing along just within the front margin of the wing. It ends in the Xyelide (figs. 31-35), Lydide (figs. 36-43), Megalodontid and Blasti- cotomide (fig. 44), at or slightly beyond the apex of R, and a con- siderable distance before the apex of the wing. This results in a cell contour identical with that found in the front wings. In most genere of the family Tenthredinide, as Macrophya (tig. 56), Blennocampa (fig. 72), Stromboceros (fig. 50), Periclista (fig. 69), and Pteronus (fig. 68), R, likewise ends at or slightly beyond the apex of R,, but in these genera the veins R, and R,, coincident with the lengthening and nar- 600 PROCEEDINGS: OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. rowing of the wing, have migrated to the apex of the wing, so as to stiffen it, while in the genera Blennocaumpa and Periclista R, extends around the apex. In the Cephidz and Cimbicine R, has retained its primitive position distinctly before the apex of the wing while R, has been extended spur-like to the apex. The genus //oplocampa (tig. 61) shows a similar condition, except that the prominent spur-like tip has not been developed. Oryssus (fig. 97), Tremea (fig. 91), Paururus (fig. 86), Monoctenus (fig. 67), Deelocerus (fig. 79), and Pachylota (fig. 77) show a modification of the condition found in Blennocampa and v~riclista. In these genera R, and R, have migrated to the apex of the wing, but the apical half of the vein R, atrophied, causing the cell R,., to return to its original condition, open at the margin. The genera Yeris (fig. 89), ylotoma (fig. 16), Labidarge (fig. 78), Perga fig. 84), Perreyia (fig. 80), and Loboceras (fig. 82) show a still different type. Here R, ends distinctly before the margin of the wing while R, is continued to the apex, but in the course of its development was pulled away from the margin for a considerable distance, forming an appendiculate cell in the same way that it is formed in the front wing. The second part of the vein R-+ M, R,+ M, very soon divides into R, and M. In all the wings observed the free part of R, is wanting; also R,, except in the genera Megaxryela, Odontophyes, and Macoxryela. R, occupies a position similar to that found in the front wings; the only marked modification is the point at which it reaches the margin, and this was fully discussed above. The tip of the fourth branch of radius has combined with R,+ M, as in the forewing, while the free part of R, is a transverse vein extend- ing between R, and R,+ M,. In the Xyelide (figs. 31-35), Lydide (figs. 36-43), and Megalodontide (fig. 92), it is situated near the margin of the wing, but in most Tenthredinoidea it has migrated toward the base of the wing; while in such genera as Loboceras (fig. 82), Dolerus (fig. 49), Pteronus (fig. 68), and Cladus (fig. 66), it is situated in a line with the costal area of hooks. The free part of R, is entirely wanting in the subfamilies Blennocampine (fig. 72), Phyllotominee (fig. 54), Fenusine (fig. 74), and the genera Zetratneura and Acidophora. The radio-medial cross vein is wanting in all the genera observed. THE MEDIAL AREA, In all the wings examined, except in S/rex (figs. 87-88), and Mano- ayela (fig. 84), the vein M is coalesced with the radial sector for a greater or less distance. This is very different from the conditions found in the front wing, where M always arises from R some distance before the origin of the radial sector. In S7rea and Manoxyela M arises from R distinctly before the origin of the sector, but much nearer to it than is the case in the front wings of all other Tenthredi- noidea. In Paururus (fig. 86) and Xer/s (fig. 89) M arises from the sector at or just beyond its origin; in J/acroxyela (fig. 33) it extends ea no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MacGILLIVRA Y. 601 about twice as far as in Peururus,; in the Lydide, Megalodontide, and most Tenthredinide it arises a considerable distance beyond the origin of the sector; while in Zremex (fig. 91), Oryssus (tig. 97), Lycaota (fig. 55), Acédophora, and the subfamily Blennocampine (fig. 72), it arises at or just before the middle of the cell R,.,, but the modifi- ‘ation found in these genera is undoubtedly due to the atrophy of the free part of R,. As soon as M separates from the radial sector it extends trans- versely until it joins the medio-cubital cross-vein, where it usually bends at about a right angle and extends longitudinally. About mid- way between its union with the medio-cubital cross-vein and the margin of the wing it divides into two branches, M,, which extends direct to the wing margin, occupying a position very similar to the same vein in the front wing, and M,, which extends transversely to near the mid- dle of its length where it joins the medial cross-vein, from which point it extends longitudinally to the margin of the wing. The medial cross-vein extends longitudinally toward the base of the wing, where it joins a vein which extends longitudinally or obliquely from the cubital end of the medio-cubital cross-vein. That portion of this vein which lies between the medio-cubital cross-vein and the medial cross-vein is the free parts of M, and Cu,, the free part of M,+Cu, being wanting, while that portion which lies between the medial cross-vein and the tip of the anal veins is the free part of M,. In the front wings there is a branch which extends from the stem of M and joins M, just before its union with the medial cross-vein. This is the stem of M,,, and is entirely wanting in the hind wings of all Hymenoptera. If the position of M,, M,, M,, and the medial cross- vein be compared with the corresponding veins in the front wings it will be seen that they occupy a similar position and are in fact the most important landmarks in homologizing the veins of the hind wings. In Oryssus (tig. 97), Blennocampa (tig. 72), Aeidophora, Perreyia, Loboceras (fig. 82), Acordulecera (tig. 83), Pterygopherus (tig. 81), and vrga (tig. 84), the transverse part of M, has atrophied so that the cells M, and 1st M, are united. The free part of M, in most Tenthredinoidea extends almost trans- versly to the margin of the wing, but in the Cephide (figs. 93-96), Tenthredinine (figs. 56-58), and Manoxryela (tig. 84), where the anal area of the wing has been greatly reduced longitudinally, the free part of M, has been bent abruptly toward the base of the wing. While in most genera the free parts of M, and M, are subequal in length, yet in Lohoceras (fig. 82) and Pergu (tig. 84), M, is two or three times as long as M,, while in the Cephide (figs. 93-96), Zreme (fig. 91), and Pterygophorus (fig. 81) M, is several times the length of M,. The medial cross-vein is in most genera subequal in length with the longitudinal part of M,, vet in Yer/s (fig. 89), Zremeu (tig. 91), Serico- 602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, cera, and Dielocerus (fig. 79), the cross-vein is much shorter, one-third to one-fourth the length of this part of M,. The medio-cubital cross-vein in the generalized Tenthredinoidea is transverse and subequal in length to the transverse part of M, but there is considerable variation throughout the various genera of the other groups. Its departures from the generalized condition may be divided into five groups. In the first of these the longitudinal part of M has migrated along the transverse part of M, greatly increasing the length of the cross-vein, although the cross-vein and the trans- verse part of M retain relatively the same position. This is shown in the genera 7richiosoma (tig. 59), Labidarge (fig. 78), Dolerus (fig. 49), and Monoctenus (fig. 67). In the second group the length of the cross-vein has been greatly increased by the migration of the trans- verse part of M from its position at or near the base of the cell M,+1st M, to near its middle as in the genera 7enthredo (fig. 56), Periclista (fig. 69), and Strongylogaster (fig. 51). In the Cephide this migration has proceeded so far that the transverse part of M is joined to the cell M,+1st M, near its apex. The third group is represented by the genera Viphydria (tig. 85), Macrophya (tig. 57), Phymatocera (fig. T1), Rhadinocerea (fig. T0), and Lycaota (fig. 55). In these genera there has been a combined migration of the longi- tudinal part of M along its transverse part, together with a migration of the transverse part of M toward the apex of the wing. The fourth group is represented by the genus Pterygophorus (fig. 81), where the longitudinal part of M has migrated toward M, along the medio- cubital cross-vein, resulting in a distinct shortening of the cross- vein. In the fifth group there has been a migration of the transverse part of M toward the apex of the wing, while the free part of M, has swung around from a longitudinal or oblique position to a transverse one. Coordinated with the change in position of the free part of M, there has heen a swinging forward of the part of eubitus on the basal side of the medio-cubital cross-vein until it has come into line with the base of the longitudinal part of M, so that in this group the medio- cubital cross-vein extends longitudinally instead of transversely. This is practically the same condition as is found in the higher Hyme- noptera and is shown by the genera Perga (fig. 84), Perreyza (fig. 80), Acordulecera (fig. 88), and Loboceras (fig. 82). THE CUBITAL AREA. In the hind wings cubitus is represented by the long, straight vein extending. from the base of the wing to the medio-cubital cross-vein. All trace of the free part of Cu, is wanting,and the same is true of Cu, unless we homologize the short vein found in the Xyelidee (figs. 31-35) at the base of the wing with this vein. That this spur repre- sents the free part of Cu, there can not be much doubt. That it is not eS ° on eee no.1488. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRAY. 6038 a supernumerary vein is proven by its persistence throughout all the different genera of this family. Its preservation is undoubtedly due to its position at the extreme base of the wing, and also to the fact that its anal end curves toward the base of the wing, giving it a location where its liability to be obliterated would be reduced to a minimum. THE ANAL AREA. The anal veins of the hind wings, like those of the fore wing, have undergone marked changes but along very different lines. Here, as in the fore wings, there has been a combination of the apices of M,, M,, Cu,, Cu,, Ist A, and 2d A, the transverse free part of the first four of these, except M,, being wanting. The first anal vein extends directly from the base of the wing to the transverse part of M,, in many cases being strongly bowed in front, and from M, there extends an oblique vein to or nearly to the margin of the wing. This vein is wanting in the Cephide (figs. 93-96), Xyelide (figs. 31-85), Acordu- lecera (fig. 83), and Blennocampa (fig. 72). The second anal vein is found in its most generalized condition in the wings of Strongyloguster (fig. 51), Tenthredo (tig. 56), Periclista (tig. 69), and Stromboceros (fig. 50), where it extends from the base of the wing as a slightly bowed vein and unites with the first anal vein dis- tinctly beyond the transverse part of M,. In the genera Dolerus (fig. 49), Selandria, and Macrophya (tig. 57), the coalescence is only for a short distance in front of the transverse part of M,. The amount of coalescence increases until in the genera //y/otoma (tig. 76) and Labi- darge (fig, 78) the coalescence is for more than half the length of the anal cell. The second anal vein is entirely wanting in Xer7s (fig. 89), Oryssus (fig. 97), Loboceras (tig. 82), Perga, (tig. 84), Pterygophorus (fig. 81), Perreyia (fig. 80), and Acordulecera, (fig. 83). The disap- pearance of the second anal vein is undoubtedly due to the fold in the wing just behind the line where the vein would be situated. This sup- position is strengthened by the wing of Yer7s and Delocerus (fig. 79), where the transverse apical part of the stump is retained. While in Sirex albicornis (fig. 88), the basal half of the uncoalesced part. is retained. In MJacroxyela (fig.33) there is a different type of modifi- cation. The second anal vein is situated just in front of the furrow, is as well developed as the other veins and extends almost to the margin of the wing, where it bends abruptly forward and joins the first anal vein just before the free part of M,. The transverse part in J/ano- vyela (tig. 34) is nearer the base of the wing and there has been devel- oped in addition a secondary spur from the outer posterior angle to the margin of the wing. The Cimbicinee (figs. 59-60) show a similar condition, except that the transverse part of the second anal is near the middle of the wing witha long spur continuous with the longitu- dinal part of the vein. In M/acrocephus, (fig. 95) the spur is present 604 _. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. and the transverse part of the second anal is curved toward the base of the wing, while Cephus (fig. 96) differs only in lacking the spur. The third anal vein is almost universally present, and extends as a slightly curved vein near the anal lobe of the wing from the base of the wing to the margin. It is represented in Oryssus by a fold and in Acordulecera by a pale band of pigment. In many of the generalized genera there is present a prominent transverse spur on its hind margin near the base of the wing, which is joined to the spiral vein, a cord- like thickening which extends along the base of the wing to the scu- tellum. V.—DYNAMICAL CONTROL OF WING TYPE. It has already been pointed out in a number of cases that certain modifications were due to mechanical causes. The wing of an adult insect is a machine purely for locomotion, and the rapidity and skill of the locomotion is directly dependent on the perfection of the machine. It is a fact that those insects are the swiftest flyers whose wings approach most nearly a triangle in outline, that is, having wings broad at base and pointed at tip. This is illustrated by the wings of the hawk-moths, the bee-flies, and the bees. The efficiency of a wing is dependent not only upon its outline but upon the arrangement and construction of its various parts. This construction consists in the arrangement of the veins in such a manner as to best fit it to with- stand the stress exerted upon it in striking the air and at the same time without increasing the weight of the organ. The different kinds of insects fly in two ways—by a soaring flight, for which a broad expanse of wing is required, and by a swift dashing flight, for which a narrow, stiff wing is necessary. It is also a fact, at least so far as insects are concerned, that those species whose wings are broad and approximate closely the arrangement of the veins found in the hypothetical type are never swift flyers, while those in which there has been a marked reduction in the number of veins, together with a trussing of that part of the wing subject to the greatest stress, are always swift flyers; that is, there is always a direct correlation between the structure of a wing and its efficiency as an organ for flight. Where insects possess four wings, the wings of a side are generally fastened together in some manner to insure a more synchronous motion. This is accomplished in the Lepidoptera by a jugum on the hind margin of the front wing, or by a frenulum on the front margin of the hind wing, or by an expansion of the front margin of the hind wing so that the two wings overlap. These fastenings are all located at the base of the wing, and consequently can not exert much influence over the course of the veins found near the middle of the wing. With the Hymenoptera in general and the Tenthredinoidea in particu- lar the conditions are different. The wings of the Tenthredinoidea no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MAcGILLIVRAY. 605 are fastened by a series of hooks on the costal margin of the hind wing which fasten into a fold along the hind margin of the front wing. These hooks may extend from the base of the wing to near the middle of the cell R,.,, they may be arranged in two groups, one near the base of the wing and another near the base of the cell R,,., or they may be arranged in a compact group near the base of the cell R,,.. In all cases this latter group is always the strongest, and being situated near the middle of the wing exerts a strong influence on the course of the veins found in this region in both wings, as will be shown later. The path of the tip of an insect’s wing during flight is that of a fig- ure 8 (fig. 14). This has been shown by Marey and other investigators. It is a well-known fact that during flight the wings go through two distinct motions, a stroke or downward motion and a recovery or upward motion. The relation of the strike and recovery are shown on the accompanying figure copied from Marey. The up and down motion is due entirely to muscular action while = / the resistance of the air ‘effects those changes in surface — \ obliquity which determine the formation of an S-shaped \ trajectory by the extremity of the wing.” \, From a mechanical standpoint, so far as insects are con- cerned, the act of flight is really asimple one. The wing is so constructed that there is a rigid front margin for striking the air and ‘‘a sort of flexible sail behind,” which \ inclines the wing at the most favorable angle. This is / usually about 45°. During the downward motion the | wing is expanded to its fullest extent by the resistance | , of the air beneath it, while during its recovery it is con- | tracted by being folded or corrugated along the lines of | Fie. 14.—Wwixe the wing furrows, which in this way reduce the amount “7 of surface of the wing and consequently reduce the resistance during recovery. The wings of most insects are corrugated or folded along certain lines. In many orders these furrows are so persistent that they have been named. Although they are not so constant in position as the veins, yet they occupy so nearly the same relative position that it is generally possible to homologize them. The function of the furrows in an insect’s wing are twofold, to strengthen it and to make it flexible. The latter function seems to be their only use in the wings of the Tenthredinoidea. In this superfamily all the following furrows are present. The anal furrow.—This is a longitudinal furrow extending from the base of the wing to the margin just in front of the first anal vein. It is distinct in both wings. In the front wings it separates the free parts of Cu,, M,+Cu,, and M, from the vein behind the furrow and has undoubtedly been an important factor in causing the atrophy of the free part of these veins. 606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. The second anal furrow.—This furrow also extends from the base to the margin of the wing. It is found only in the hind wings and is situated just behind the second anal vein. It is at the end of this fur- row that there is located the emargination which eventually develops into a slit, the axillary incision, which separates off the hind angle of the wing into a lobe or alula. This alula, which always contains the third anal vein, whether it is separated or not by an incision, is always turned back under the remainder of the wing. The medial furrow.—This is a straight furrow in many Tenthredin- oidea, starting in the cell R and extending along just in front of M, to near the margin of the wing. It usually bends down near the middle of the cell R., so that it is close to the vein. This furrow finds its greatest development in the family Tenthredinidee. In most of the genera of this family it extends along close to M, until near the mid- dle of the cell R., where it subdivides into two or three branches. The posterior branch crosses M, ,, near its origin and passes obliquely across the cells Ist M,and M,. The anterior branch passes midway between M, and R, to near the margin of the wing; in some cases the anterior branch subdivides, one branch extends just behind R,, while the other extends just in front of M,. Only a casual examination is necessary to see how important the medial furrow must be in maintaining the flexibility of this area of the wing. The so-called bulle of many writers on the Tenthredinoidea are the clear spots in the veins where these furrows cross them. The radial furrow.—This is a short longitudinal furrow situated just in front of the radial sector and may be a branch of the medial furrow. The costal hinge.—This is a thin area of the front margin of the wing, situated between the apex of costa and Se, at the base of the stigma. The greatest stress on a wing is always on its front or striking mar- gin and on that part of the margin that is most prominent. In the Hymenoptera this is the region in the neighborhood of the stigma. This stress is in a plane parallel with the wing membrane. This is due to two causes, the angle at which the wing strikes the air and to the sail area—that is, approximately the posterior two-thirds of the wing, which maintains the wing-membrane at relatively the same angle. The sail area of the wing has the same etfect on the wing as the tail on a kite when it is drawn rapidly through the air near the ground, caus- ing it to maintain practically the same angle at all times. If we examine a simple type of truss, as fig. 15, where the sides AB and BC are equal and the distance AD is equal to the distance DC, we will find that any stress exerted at the point B in the plane of the truss and perpendicular to the line AC will be equally distributed along the sides AB and BC. But if we take such a truss as fig. 16, where the xo. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MAcGILLIVRAY. 607 side AB is much greater than the side BC, we will find that any stress exerted at the point B will not be equally distributed, but that a much larger part of the stress would fall on the side BC than on the side AB. We may assume that that wing is the most perfect mechanical device which approaches the closest to some type of truss. From our previous studies of the wing topography of the Tenthredinoidea we are justified in concluding that if such a thing as a truss exists in their wings it must be of the type where one side is longer than the other, for there is no point situated near the middle of the front margin of the wing to which veins converge. Before taking up a direct comparison of the wings of the Tenthre- dinoidea with the types of trusses given above, we should not overlook the fact that we have to do not with a simple but with a complex type. The front wings must in reality be trussed on both sides, for the hymenopterous wing has stress exerted upon it by the air upon both front and hind margins. The primary stress is exerted at some point on the front margin where it strikes the air, while the secondary stress is exerted on the hind margin where the hind wings are hooked B A D C Fic. 15.—TYPE OF TRUSS. Fic. 16.—TDYPE OF TRUSS. to it. This secondary stress is due to the necessity for a synchronous motion and to the fact that the hind wing must be pulled along. The force exerted on the front margin of the front wing would be a push or a force causing retardation, while the force exerted on the hind margin of the front wing and the front margin of the hind wing would be a pull or a force causing acceleration. A clearer conception of the arrangement of the trusses in the hymenopterous wing will be had if we study first in some detail the topography of a wing in which these structures are self-evident. For this purpose a front wing of Blennocampa alternipes has been selected, tracings from a photograph have been made, and the trusses found in these wings marked as triangles by means of dotted lines (fig. 17). For convenience in following the course of these triangles on the figure they have been numbered, the same number being placed on each side of the same triangle. For the sake of brevity they will be referred to in the following descriptions by these numbers. From what has already been said, it would be expected that these trusses should arrange themselves into three groups, the first strength- Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05 40 608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. X XIX. ening the stigmatal region of the front wing, the second, the apex of the first anal cell of the front wing, and the third, the stigmatal region of the hind wing. The stigma, as already shown aboye, is the cell Sc,, in which the wing membrane is almost as strongly chitinized as the veins surrounding it. In generalized genera it is a broad ovate area, which undergoes a great reduction in the highly specialized eenera until it becomes a long, narrow cell, pointed at both ends. It is located at the point where the greatest stress is exerted, and is in reality a solid truss placed like a cap over this area subject to the greatest stress. So that we have in the shape of the stigma a readily observed criterion for judging the efliciency of the flight of any species, and there- fore the degree of specialization to which the species has attained. Now if the stigmatal region of the front wing is examined, the following conditions are found. A large truss, truss 1, whose apex is near the middle of the stigma, with one of its basal angles at the base of the wing, and the other at the apex of R,. Truss 2 has its apex near the Fic. 17.—THE FRONT WING OF BLENNOCAMPA AND ITS TRUSSES. base of the stigma, with one of its basal angles at the point of separa- tion of R and M, and the other in the angle formed by R, and M,. Truss 3 has its apex near the middle of the stigma with one of its basal angles in the angle between the medio-cubital cross-vein and cubitus, and the other in the angle formed by R, and M,. Truss 4 has its apex near the apex of the stigma with one of its basal angles at the point of separation of R, and R,, and the other in the angle formed by the radial cross-vein and R,,,.. Truss 5 has its apex in the angle formed by t, and R, with one of its basal angles in the angle formed by the medio- cubital cross-vein and cubitus, and the other in the angle formed by R, and M,. Truss 6 has its apex in the angle formed by Rand M, with one of its basal angles in the angle formed by the medio-cubital cross-vein and cubitus, and the other in the angle formed by M,,, and M,,,. Truss 7 has its apex at the point where the free part of R, arises, with one of its basal angles in the angle formed by M, and M,, and the other no. 1488. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRAY. 609 in the angle formed by the medial cross-vein and M,. Of the seven trusses here enumerated, four of them have their apices in the stigma, while the remaining three have their apices so situated as to be a direct support to the trusses ending in the stigma. This does not take into account the thickened costa and the radio-medial cross-vein, which are also additional supports to this region, while truss 9, which is behind cubitus, is the main support of the stress transmitted by trusses 2, 5, and 6. Although each of these trusses is here described as a separate entity, yet the fact should not be overlooked that there is a direct interrelation between all the trusses. Each is dependent on the other. It is like the side of a bridge, composed of a complex of rods and beams that to the casual observer do not bear much relation to each other, but vet can be resolved by the engineer into a series of simple trusses, all directly interrelated in the same way as the trusses described here in this wing. The anterior three-fourths of the wing being so strongly braced, there is no necessity for so perfect a bracing in the region of the first anal cell, because the stress exerted at this point can not be great, and in addition the stress is applied at a point where it can be easily disseminated. There are three of these trusses, though only two of them are directly connected with the anal area. Truss LO occupies the first anal cell, with its apex directed toward the hind margin of the wing and opposite the point where the hooks of the hind wing fasten into the fold of the fore wing. Just in front of the apical half of truss 10, with its apex at the middle of the base of truss 10, is truss 8, with one of its basal angles at the apex of M, and the other at the angle formed by M, and M,+Cu,. It is of interest that the stress sustained by truss 8 is not transmitted directly to the front margin of the wing, but is disseminated over its apical two-thirds. The stress transmitted by the vein M,+ Cu, one side of truss 8, is taken up by truss 11, which has its apex almost opposite this vein. The medio-cubital cross-vein is an excellent example of the interrela- tion of these trusses. It is an important factor in two trusses trans- mitting stress from the stigmatal region, and is equally important in transmitting stress from the anal region toward the base of the wing. It is not necessary to discuss the trusses of the hind wings in any detail. A glance at the figure of a wing (fig. 81) is sufficient to show that all the principal trusses are behind the costal area of hooks. They are all arranged so as to spread the stress over as wide an area as pos- sible and also to stiffen the wing membrane, for one of the principal functions of the hind wing is to furnish sail area. In the preceding description no account has been taken of trusses 12,15,and 14. They are not of primary importance, but serve to dissi- pate the stress transmitted from the stigmatal and anal regions, and to keep the membrane or sail part of the front wing expanded. 610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Ww hen the ‘conditions existing in such a wing as Blennocampa alter- nipes are compared with those anal in the front wing of Macroxycla ferruginea the difference is very apparent. The trusses in the wing of Macroryela have not been numbered. Only the most important have been indicated. From their fewness in number the reader might be led to conclude that the wing of J/acroxryela had not been done full justice, but when the form of the cell areas is taken into consideration, all of them being either trapeziums or trapezoids in form, it is seen that this arrangement is one of the weakest possible. In such an arrangement as this each angle of each cell is the apex of a truss, which can have no other function than to stiffen the sail area. Con- sequently, if all the trusses found in the wing of J/acroryela had been indicated on the drawing, it would have resulted in this wing being apparently much more efficient, at least in number of trusses, than that of Blennocampa. Although there are several trusses in the wing of Macroxyela, yet it isa striking fact that these trusses are not nearly Ge ee << Pe = = — ae ie ae “se — pe ee we == poe ! 2 a. = ee > : So eee es N a ie PF Ss Le == A. } ais =e a= ys et Se hae ee } Set eae ds \ ae eine ete aa Shee ihe Pe ee —— (gn as ed SS = ¢ } ae we ~ oh Se fe Se ee ‘ ‘ ieee ny peteoreeare eS SS Rue Ae : N / | Sa ee < Ne } j f Se ee ee Se) | x I ~ a Neco | ~ ey = = a _— E % - > > pay ~ = Pn aa ¢ = eee ~ Ss : ‘ Z es ‘ Se eo v A / a \ ~ oe, \ A Ley oe < Sees & Ve ¢ gh 4 2 SESS ' { Se we as \ tec’, SE eet o nee ian icles Fic. 18.—THE FRONT WING OF MACROXYELA AND ITS TRUSSES. so efficiently placed (fig. 18). There is not so great a concentration of the stress to one region. The trusses instead of stiffening a defi- nite area are scattered over the entire wing surface. Veins that in Blennocampa are constituents of important trusses are of little more ralue than to keep the wing membrane expanded in Jacroxycla. Some of the most prominent differences are the position of the medio- cubital cross-vein and the origin of M,, the course of the veins bound- ing the cell M,, the position of the radial cross-vein, the narrowing of the cells included between the veins R, and M,, and the course of the transverse part of M,. The adults of Macroxyela ferruginea ave common at Ithaca. The larvee feed on the leaves of the numerous elms found along the walks on the campus. The adults are very inactive, so much so, in fact, that they will lie still and allow themselves to be crushed underfoot on the walks. When they are disturbed in such a way as to be cgm- pelled to use their wings, they have a slow lumbering flight and soon alight again;—that is, the generalized condition of their wings as OO no. 1488. WINGS OF THE [BIN Dla ie UN ONT {—MacGILLIVRAY. 61] tepards: the humber enue aris rangement ot thei. ‘ir veins ntl trusses ie confirmed by field observations that prove that this insect not only has wines that are poorly fitted fora rapid flight, but that in fact it is an extremely poor flyer. If now the different groups representing families and subfamilies be examined, beginning with the more generalized, it will be found as we proceed from generalized to specialized that there is a gradual approximation to the type described for Blennocampa, while in other groups more specialized than Blennocampa that the conditions are even more perfect than in this genus. These modifications are read- ily traceable in the change in position of the radial cross-vein, its posterior end swinging toward the apex of the wing and forming one side of a truss behind the stigma; the moving of the medio-cubital cross-vein from a position between media and cubitus, where it is only of secondary importance in transmitting stress, to a position between radius and cubitus, where it is of primary importance; the migration of M,+Cu, until it is practically in line with the medio- cubital cross-vein; the shortening of the radio-medial cross-vein and the free parts of R,, R,, and R,,in this way greatly strengthening the area lying heen the most important areas of trusses, those of the stigma and those of cell M,. The reduction of the anal cells of the front wings, the second anal cell being of only secondary importance, the base of the third anal vein is gradually atrophied, and the wing membrane occupied by it reduced until the petiolate type of cell is obtained, which is gradually modified further by coalescence, and the further reduction of the wing membrane until the condition existing in the higher Hymenoptera is reached by certain subfamilies of the family Tenthredinide. The migration of the apex of R, away from the margin of the wing, forming an appendiculate cell, to a position opposite the apex of the wing. Those genera in which this type of cell has been developed have their wings greatly elongated, and the migration of R, is to stiffen this increased sail area The migration of the transverse parts of the veins, due to an effort to form more efficient trusses, results in a marked modification of the position of these veins, and one of frequent occurrence. Where there is a secondary change in the position of veins, it can generally be told by a comparison with the generalized forms. This is shown in the wines of Pachylota (fig. 77), Labidarge (tig. 78), Loboceras (tig. 82), and Perga (tig. 84), where the transverse part of M, has migrated along R,+ M,,, on one side and along the medial cross-vein on the other, When the wings of the Lydide (figs. 36-43) or Xyelide (figs. 81-35 are compared with those of Blennocampd, one of the most noticeable features is the great number of veins. The greater efficiency of the truss system of the wings of Blennocampa over that of the many 612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXTX. veined wings would seem to indicate that the extra veins are a hin- drance rather than anaid in stiffening the wing. This is confirmed by the fact that they have been suppressed. If these superfluous veins are a hindrance in the formation of trusses, they are also in the way in the development of wing furrows as will be seen by an examination of any of these or similar generalized forms. In the generalized wings the wing furrows are straight folds, permitting of only the minimum amount of flexibility, while in Llennocampa (tig. 72), Lycaota (tig. 55), and Labidarge (fig. 78), they have been developed to their full extent. These wing furrows are undoubtedly the primary factor in effecting the suppression of such veins as the radial cross- vein, the radio-medial cross-vein, and the free part of R, in the front wing; and the transverse part of M, the free part of R,, and the trans- verse part of M, in the hind wing. The way in which the radial furrow has effected the radial cross-vein is seen in the wings of Dineura (fig. 63), and Rhadinocerza (tig. T0), where the cross-vein is gradually losing its chitinization through the prominence of this furrow. ‘The effect of the median furrow on the radio-medial cross-vein is seen in the wings of Huura, Pteronus (fig. 68), Cladius (fig. 66), and Pris- tiphora. In this latter genus there exist all stages from a fully pre- served radio-medial cross-vein to its entire disappearance. In the genera Monoctenus (tig. 67) and Lophyrus (fig. 45) an intermediate sidewise development is shown in certain species where only the pos- terior half of the cross-vein has atrophied, while the anterior half is fully preserved. That the loss of the free part of Cu, is due to the anal furrow is seen by an examination of the wings of the following genera in the order named: Bactroceros (fig. 41), Pamphilius (fig. 89), Cephaleia (fig. 42), Lyda (fig. 87), Cenolyda (fig. 88), and /tycorsia (fig. 40). In reel genera there is a complete series from a fully formed Cu, to a minute swelling on the side of Cu. The anal furrow is the most important as well as the most prominent and persistent furrow found in either wing. It is found in the same position throughout the entire order Hymenoptera. It is this furrow that furnishes the flexibility in movement between the two wings. Cu,, having been separated from the anal veins by this furrow, could be of only secondary impor- tance in supporting this area; in fact it is more efficiently supported in the wing of B/ennocampa without it than it is in the wing of Bactroceros with it. The series here named shows that we have a gradual move- ment toward the assumption of the condition found in Llennocampa. This is shown in the straightening of that part of cubitus situated between the medio-cubital cross-vein and the base of the wing, and the migration of the anterior end of the medio-cubital cross-vein from a union with media to a union with radius, by this movement coming into direct line with the subtransverse part, of radius. Correlated no.1438, WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDE. {—MACGILLIVRAY. Glo with these chanses. though not nec esounily due to the same cause, Is the migration of ihe posterior end of the radial cross-vein toward the apex of the wing. The costal hinge as shown above is a thin place in the membrane of the wing between the apex of costa and the tip of Se,. This is undoubtedly a weak place in the wing that has been handed down from generalized progenitors which did not require such an efficient organ for flight. That it is a weak place in the wing is shown by the fact that in Bice forms that are especially eflicient flyers this area has been bridged over. This is the case in the Cimbicine (figs. 59-60), the Siricide (figs. 86-91), the Cephide (figs. 93-96), and in all the higher Hymenoptera. In other forms this weakness has been overcome by decided thickening of the apex of costa, which simply rests against R,+Sc, and the stigma, but never coalesces with them. The hinge is especially prominent in those genera with a broad area between costa and Se+R-+M, and probably serves to make this region more flexible. That the prominence of the hinge in these genera is for flexibility is emphasized by the fact that the apex of the costa is not decidedly thickened. This causes a fold in the wing membrane between costa and Se+R+M very similar to the furrow found in this same region in the Diptera, and consequently tends to stiffen it. In the wings of Oryssus (fig. 97) occurs the greatest amount of reduction found in the wings of any member of the superfamily Ten- fhredinoidea. It is an interesting fact that the reduction found this genus is not amenable to any of the explanations already given. In Oryssus the membrane of the wing has been more strongly chitin- ized than in the wings of other genera, and with the increased chitin- ization of the wing membrane the necessity of veins for stiffening the membrane has been done away with, and consequently they have gradually disappeared, being represented only by bands of pigment. Seraiieeuet it is not within the scope of the present paper, yet it may not be out of place to say something about the dynamical control of the wing type in those orders where approximately all the veins are parallel and extend lengthwise or approximately lengthwise of the wing. This is especially true of the orders Lepidoptera and Diptera. Among the members of the order Lepidoptera the wings are broad and long. The stress exerted on the front margin of the front wings is not applied at one point as in the Hymenoptera, but is spread out along the entire front margin of the wing. Another point that must not be overlooked is the fact that there is no marked necessity for a transverse stiffening, because this is ace omplished by the overlapping scales covering both surfaces, which stiffen it in the same manner that the overlapping shingles stiffen a roof. The great majority of the trusses in this order have their apices near the apex of the cell R+M and their basal angles at the margin of the wing. They serve merely 614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, as ribs for stiffening the wing membrane and keeping the sail area of the wing expanded. If the wings of such generalized families as the Hepialidee, Pyromorphide, Megalopygid, and Eucleide be examined, it is found that this elongate type of truss is present not only on the hind but also on the front margin of the wing. But in the wings of the specialized families, Sphingide, Saturniidee, Papilionide, and Nymphalidz, which are noted as being rapid flyers, there is a very different condition. In these families all the branches in front of vein R, have been crowded close to the front margin of the wing, forming a compact series of five stiff braces for supporting the area subject to the greatest stress. In the Diptera, as in the Lepidoptera, the stress is applied along the entire front margin of the wing, but in the wings of this order the covering of overlapping scales is wanting. As there is only one wing on each side of the body, and this is sublanceolate in outline, the factor of a sailing surface is reduced to the minimum. Since the stress is applied along the entire front margin, and there is no posterior wing to exert any influence, there has not arisen any necessity for a trans- verse stiffening across the middle of the wing. In the generalized families the veins radiate out from the center of the wing to the mar- gin somewhat like the spokes around the hub of a wheel. The reason for this is seen in the necessity for the stiffening of all parts of the wing. Most of the species are light bodied, and consequently the wing membrane is delicate and the wings light in weight. Those species that are predacious or hover about flowers are generally very active flyers. In these families there has been developed a marked tendency toward the coalescence of the tips of the veins, so as to pre- vent the fraying of the wing margin. There has also been developed along the front margin from the base to the apex of the wing a heavy vein in which the longitudinal veins terminate. This is especially marked in the families Bombylide (fig. 21), Apioceride, and Midaidee (fig. 28), where the tips of all the branches of radius curve forward and terminate close to the wing margin, thus accomplishing the double pur- pose of protecting the wing margin and at the same time stiffening that part of the wing subject to the greatest stress. The wing of Midas, which has been referred to before because of the great number of the tips of its veins that have migrated forward, illustrates this point well. It shows how the stress applied on the front margin of the wing is transmitted to the base along the radial stem, while that on the hind margin is transmitted along the medial stem. We find here the reason for the coalescence of the branches of the radial sector to R, rather than to M,, as happens in the Hymenoptera; namely, because the stress in this wing is applied only on its front margin, and there is a greater need for a stiffening in this direction. That this is the correct interpretation is shown by the change in the contour of the ee ae no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRA Y. 615 front margin of the wing of J//das as compared with that of Puntarbes or EHraw (fig. 22), Midas showing the highest type of efficiency, a long, narrow triangle. VI.—_THE PHYLOGENY OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA. It is essential in determining the phylogeny of any group to ascer- tain what are the most primitive forms, to compare them, and to determine the ways in which they have been modified. In making these comparisons the structure of a set of organs should be studied and the phylogeny of the group determined from this study; then other sets of organs should be examined, until all the organs of the animal have been examined, phylogenies based on these studies should be made, and then compared with the phylogeny first determined. If it is found that these successive phylogenies corroborate each other, we have a demonstration of the correctness of our conclusions. If they disagree, then there is indicated a need for a further examination of the disagreeing forms, for when correctly interpreted it will be found that the different records of the action of natural selection will not contradict but confirm each other. In the following pages the first step in such an investigation, a phylogeny based on an examina- tion of the wings of the Tenthredinoidea, is given. There arises, in working out the phylogeny of any group, the ne- cessity for distinguishing between different kinds of characters. First, characters inglicating difference in kind of specialization; and second, charac- ters indicating difference in degree of specialization of the same kind. The tormer will indicate dichotomous divisions of lines of descent; the latter merely indicate degrees of divergence from a primitive type. Thus, it is shown that there are two distinct ways of uniting the two wings of each side in the Lepidoptera; they may be united by a frenulum, or they may be united by ajugum. These are differences in kind of specilization, and indicate two distinct lines of descent or a dichotomous division of the order. Among those Lepidoptera in which the wings are united by a frenulum great differences occur in the degree to which this organ, or a substitute for it, is developed; such differences may merely indicate the degree of divergence from a primitive type, and may need to be correlated with other characters to indicate dichotomous divisions.“ There is also a necessity, as is shown by Comstock, to distinguish between the characters used by systematists merely to make it possi- ble for students to recognize the members of a group—recognition characters and the essential characters of a group. The essential characters of a group are not necessarily dependent on the presence or absence of any character or in the form of any part of the body, but on the characteristic structure of the progenitor of the group and the direction in which the descendants of this progenitor bave been specialized. Recognition characters are generally those first observed and used by the systematist. They may also be essential characters, “J. H. Comstock. Evolution and Taxonomy, Wiider Quarter Century Book, p. 42. 616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXiX. but as a rule taxonomists search only for characters indicating a difference in kind. Specialization may take place in two very different ways—*‘ first, by an addition or complication of parts, specialization by addition, second, by a reduction in the number or in the complexity of parts, spectaliza- tion by reduction.” The specializations to be considered later are all of this latter type. It should also be borne in mind that when an organ disappears in any phyllum or line of ascent it can not reappear in the descendants of this phyllum, though they might develop a substitute for it. Even if such a substitute should be developed, it is not probable that the substitute would resemble the organ so closely as to be mistaken for it. In determining the phylogeny of any group, those characters indi- cating a difference in degree of specialization of the same kind are the most useful in allotting the rank of the different groups. Every large group has numerous characters indicating a difference in degree of specialization of the same kind. Certain of these characters show the ascent of the group as a whole, while others show only small lateral lines of ascent or a sidewise development. Characters indicating a sidewise development frequently arise independently several times, and do not indicate anything as to the line of ascent of the group as a whole. This is illustrated by the presence or absence of the radial cross-vein in the families Xiphydriide (fig. 85) and Tenthredinide. The presence or absence of this cross-vein is of value in indicating the line of ascent of the genera of each of these families, but is worthless so far as indicating any rank between the families themselves. There- fore care must be taken to differentiate between those characters that show the ascent of the group as a whole and those characters that show only a sidewise development. The front wing of the original progenitor of the Hymenoptera, and therefore of the Tenthredinoidea, was undoubtedly very similar to the one already described as the typical hymenopterous wing (fig. 8). This wing contains not only all those parts that are generally wanting in the Hymenoptera, but the various parts are arranged in the most primitive condition known to us, as can readily be seen by eomparing this wing with those of the Nyelidv (figs. 81-85) and Lydidee (figs. 36-43). No hymenopterous wing contains all the veins shown in the typical wing, but by combining the wings of the families just named the wanting parts can be readily supplied. The characters that have been found the most useful in determining the ascent of the Tenthredinoidea are the position of the radial cross- vein, the position of the medio-cubital cross-vein, and the reduction of the anal cells of the front wings. Hitherto the special modifications of the wing veins of the Tenthre- dinoidea have been considered in detail, particularly with respect to no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MAcCGILLIVRA Y. 617 the way in which fee progressive modific ations of auc ch part hi as arisen. Let us now consider the interrelation of the various parts in its bear- ing on the phylogeny of the group as a whole, and its bearing on the relation of the Tenthredinoidea to the other superfamilies of the Hymenoptera. The superfamily Tenthredinoidea is a homogenous group easily demarcated from all other Hymenoptera by several structural charac- ters other than those found in the wings. The effect of natural selec- tion on their wings has tended to modify them along so many different lines that it would be strange if we should find any single character that would cireumscribe the group. This has been found to be true, though the separation of the group is readily accom- plished by the employment ot several coordinate char- acters. As has already been pointed out several times, the superfamily Tenthredi- noidea contains all those genera of the Hymenoptera that are especially general- ized, as the free part of the veins R,, Cu,, 2d A, and 3d A is found only within the limits of this superfamily. The great majority of the members of this superfam- ily can be distinguished by the presence in the front Fic. 19.—THE BASE OF THE RADIAL SECTOR, (, CENOLYDA wings of either the second SEMIDEA; b, TENTHREDO FLAVA; ¢, CLADIUS PECTINI- or third anal cells or both. oaks d, PAURURUS CYANEUS; €, MEGALODONTES SPISSI In a few subfamilies of the family Tenthredinidee both of these cells are wanting. But these sub- families, Incaliine, Acordulecerine (fig. 88), Lobocerine (fig. 82), Pteryogphorine (fig. 81), and Pergine (fig. 84), of which only the second is represented in our fauna, are easily Gaaneaccned by the position of the medio-cubital cross-vein, which always extends between radius and cubitus, while in all other Hymenoptera other than the Tenthredinoidea, and even in certain members of the Ten- thredinoidea, as has already been shown, this cross-vein always extends between media and cubitus. Other minor differences that should be noted are the preservation of a much greater number of veins in the radial and medial areas of the hind wings—this is true even in those subfamilies in which the anal cells of the front wing's have been suppress and the preservation of the third anal vein 618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. of the bind wings, which appears to be wanting only in the genus Oryssus (fig. 97). The most notable difference is found in the condition of the base of the radial cross-vein. The radial sector separates from R, at or before the base of the stigma. This is shown in the wings of MJacroxyela (fig. 33) and Cenolyda (fig. 19, a), where the radial sector, after sepa- rating from R,, extends transversely for a considerable distance before extending longitudinally. The radial cross-vein in Macroryela is a perpendicular vein extending from near the middle of the stigma to near the middle of the cell R,. In actroceros (fig. 41) this cross- vein joins the stigma near its apex and the cell R, near its apex. In the genus Zenthredo (fig. 19, >) the radial sector likewise arises from the base of the stigma, but differs from M/acroryela and Cenolyda in that the base of the radial sector does not extend transversely, but extends from R, along R, to the margin of the wing in a continuous regular curve. The anterior end of the radial cross-vein is beyond the middle of the stigma, as in Bactroceros, and the posterior end has migrated to near the middle of the cell Ry. Cladzus (fig. 19, ¢) shows a condition similar to that found in Zenthredo, except that the radial cross vein has atrophied, but it should be noted that in both of these genera—the one with a radial cross-vein, the other without—the radial sector arises in exactly the same manner. In Pauwrurus (tig. 19, d) the radial sector arises in a similar manner to that of J/acroryela and Cxnolyda, except that the transverse part is not so prominent. The radial cross-vein extends between the apical third of the stigma and the apical third of cell R,. It should be noted that this cross-vein is parallel with the transverse part of the radial sector and appears to be the direct continuation of that part of the radial sector beyond it. This appearance is emphasized by the position of the posterior end of the radio-medial cross-vein, which has migrated along the base of media until it has come into line with the longitudinal part of the radial sector, so that one not very familiar with the topography of this area might easily make the mistake of considering this vein as arising at the posterior end of the radio-medial cross-vein and the basal or transverse part of the radial sector, as well as the radial cross-vein, as Cross-veilns. The wings of Megalodontes (fig. 19, ¢) are shorter and more com- pact, and there has been a crowding of the cells R, R,, Ist R,, and M, into the area behind the stigma, resulting in a condition similar to that found in Pavwrurus. There are the following differences, how- ever: The transverse part of the radial sector and the radial cross- vein are longer; the cross-vein is more oblique, and the appearance that it is the base of R, is more strongly emphasized; and the radio- medial cross-vein appears to be the continuation of the vein extend- ing from the posterior end of the radial cross-vein to the anterior end NO. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MaAcGILLIVRA Y. 619 of the radio-medial cross-vein, the entire vein appearing as a trans- verse vein comparable to the free part of R,. In Jacrocephus satyrus (fig. 20, a) there is a further modification of the condition found in Meqalodontes; the cells Ist R, and R are about equal in length, so that the vein forming their outer ends, which extends from the posterior end of the radial cross-vein to the posterior end of the radio-medial cross- vein, is but little longer than the free part of R,, and is only slightly aneulate. The fact should not be lost sight of that this vein is a com- posite one, being made up of the radio-medial cross-vein and a part of the radial sector. In this wing the cell 2d R, + R, is much longer, and the incli- nation of the radial cross- vein, together with the course of the vein forming the apices of the cells R and Ist R,, emphasizes the fact still more strongly that it might be the base of R, instead of the radial cross-vein. That part of the radial sector extending from the base of the stig- ma to the anterior end of the radio-medial cross-vein in this wing extends almost longitudinally. In -/anus cynoshati (fig. 20, 6), the base of that part of the vein just described has faded out for a short distance near the stigma, while in m-cu A a Fic, 20.—THE SWITCHING OF THE BASE OF THE RADIAL SECTOR, Janus abbreviatus (fig. 20, a, MACROCEPHUS SATYRUS; b, JANUS CYNOSBATI; c, JANUS c) the base of this vein has ABBREVIATUS; d, ORYSSUS ABIETINUS; €, PELOPAUS CEMEN- TARIUS; f, APIS MELLIFICA. faded out for over half its length. If the remainder of the basal part of the radial sector should atrophy up to the point where it is joined to the anterior end of the radio-medial cross-vein, and if it were not for the successive stages just described, then the radial sector would be considered as arising from the middle of the stigma and the entire first transverse vein, as a cross-vein. This is exactly the interpretation that has been given to these veins throughout the higher Hymenoptera, where this very condition exists. The same condition is found in the Tenthredinoidea in the genus Oryssus (fig. 20, 7), but this genus is not so interesting in this connection, because the first transverse vein, i. e., the radio-medial cross-vein plus 620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. a part of the radial sector, has also atrophied. The atrophy of the base of the radial sector results in the union of the cells R and Ist R,, a condition not found in any Tenthredinoidea other than Oryssus and Ophrynopus. This character is probably common to the other two genera of this family which are not known to the writer. That the above interpretation is the correct one is confirmed by the examination of the wings of the genera Rhogas, Aulacus, Gasteruption, Pelopeus (fig. 20, ve), and Apds (fig. 20, 7). If the base of the vein starting off from the stigma in the first four of these genera be examined, it is found that it extends obliquely to the first transverse vein just as in Megalodontes, Cephus, and Janus. Tf this vein were the base of the radial sector, it would proceed in a regular curve, as in the genera Tenthredo and Cladius. The composite nature of the first transverse vein is shown by an examination of this vein in certain specimens of Apis, where it is not straight but angular, as in Cephus. In certain genera of Apoidea, as Bombus, Psithyrus, and Osmia, and of Larridae, the base of the radial sector is preserved as a fine thread-like vein, frequently entirely colorless, while in some other genera only the transparent stubs remain. The superfamily Tenthredinoidea can be differentiated from the other superfamilies by the presence in the front wings of one or both of the anal cells, or, if both be wanting, with the medio-cubital cross- vein extending between R-+ M and cubitus; the cells R and Ist R, separated by a vein as broad’as any of the others, or if not separated, with the first anal cell present. The superfamily Tenthredinoidea is divisible into nine families. They are the Xyelide, Lydide, Blasticotomidee, Tenthredinide, Xiphy- driide, Siricidee, Megalodontidee, Cephide, Orysside. They are all represented in the American fauna except the Megalodontide and the Blasticotomide, and contain a very limited number of species except the family Tenthredinidze, which embraces several hundred species and a large number of subfamilies. The close relation of these families is proven by characters showing a difference in degree of specialization of the same kind, but through the loss of certain of the intermediate stages those characters indicat- ing a difference in degree of specialization of the same kind are here just as useful as characters indicating a difference in kind of speciali- zation for marking dichotomous divisions. Although each of these families represents a period in the development of certain characters, yet the series is not a lineal one; that is, the connecting links do not lie between the various families, but behind them. They have been developed from a common progenitor which transmitted its charac- ters to its offspring in an elementary condition, and these offspring have developed along several parallel lines. Fortunately for our study, yo. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MAcGILLIVRAY. 62t these offspring have all arrived at different stages in their ascent, and by a comparative study it is possible to determine the road along which they have traveled. From this it is evident that in this super- family those characters of value as essential characters are equally valuable as recognition characters. The relation of the families of the Tenthredinoidea can be best shown by the following synopsis. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES OF TENTHREDINOIDEA. ithesvcnerdiized Nenthredinoidea.. 22se2s 5.4632 sce ce Sc ac oases oe Xyelide. Lydidee. The specialized Tenthredinoidea: iithrexcelllaR or O Up meme reser er ee eter ee ce Blasticotomide. Tenthredinidee. PUTeZC elle On OU are: ae ere eee es ee Re ee ys SG Xiphydriide. Siricidee. Megalodontide. Cephidee. Oryssidee. THE GENERALIZED TENTHREDINOIDEA. The generalized Tenthredinoidea embraces two families, both of which are near the stem form of the original progenitor of the Hyme- nopteria. They are marked as generalized types by their short, broad, many-veined wings, in which the veins have not been arranged to the best advantage for stiffening the stigmatal and anal areas. They are further distinguished by the origin of the radial sector distinctly before the stigma, and by its prominent subtransverse bend away from the stigma. The course of the apex of the vein R, in both wings also demarcates them; this vein near the point of origin of the vein R, bends abruptly toward the margin of the wing, so that the cell on its front side, R, or 2d R,+R, is blunt or subtruncated at apex, a condition found only in generalized genera. This group is of particular interest to the student of phylogenies, because it approaches nearest to the typical wing in its retention of subcosta, the free part of R, and the free part of Cu,, though this latter is also found complete in one genus of Siricide. Ayelide.—A small family embracing five genera and a limited num- ber of species, which are confined mainly to the American fauna. It is easily separated from all other Hymenoptera by the presence in its wings of the free part of the vein R,. The family contains, at least so far as their wing venation is concerned, the most generalized Hyme- noptera known (figs. 31-35). This is shown by the origin of media near the middle of the costal area; by the perfect transverse direction of the radial cross-vein, which is situated midway between the radio- 622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSBUM. VOL. XXIX. medial cross-vein and the origin of R,; by the position of the medio- cubital cross-vein near the posterior end of the radio-medial cross-vein in Manoxyela (fig. 34), its location about halfway between this cross- vein and the point of separation of media in Vyela (fig. 35), its migra- tion toward the base of the wing until still nearer the origin of media in Megauryela (fig. 31), and Odontophyes (fig. 32), and finally in A/acrox- yela (fig. 33), to a position only a very short distance before the origin of media; by the progressive migration of the free part of M,+Cu, from just before the apex of the first anal cell in XYye/a to just beyond the middle in Macroryela; by the preservation of the radio-medial cross-vein in the hind wings of Megaxryela, Odontophyes, and Macrow- yela; and by the location of the free part of R, of the hind wings near the apex of M, in these same genera. It is worthy of note that the Xyelide have departed from the type of wing assumed for the original progenitor of the Hymenoptera only in the loss of the free part of the vein Cu,. It is also of interest that although their wings are distinctly 2 ceneralized, yet in many ways they have sanleweoms prominent progressive specializations, and that in each case these specializations have not proceeded in the same order. The variation in the order of specialization of the different genera will be seen in the following lists of genera which are arranged from gener- alized to specialized. If the modifications of the subcosta be taken they would be arranged, thus, Odontophyes, Megaxryela, Macroxyela, AXyela, Manoxyela; if the shape of the stigma thus, Yyela, Manoryela, Macroxyela, Megaxyela, Odontophyes; if the position of the medio- cubital cross-vein, thus, Manoryela, Xyela, Odontophyes, Meqgaxyela, Macroxyela, if the position of the free part of M,+Cu,, thus, Yye/a, Odontophyes, Megaxyela, Manoxyela, Macroxyela, if the origin of media thus, Xyela, Macroryela, Manoxryela, Odontophyes, Megaryela. Tt now the position of the five genera be tabulated for the five characters given, it is found that J/egaryela occupies all the positions but the first, and occupies the fourth twice, Odontophyes occupies each of the five places, Macroxyeia occupies the third and fifth each twice, and does not occupy either the first or fourth, J/anoryela occupies each of the five places, AXyela occupies the first place three times, and does not occupy either the third or fifth. This family is divisible into two subfamilies on the form of the base of the subcosta of the front wings. In one subfamily, of which Macroxyela (tig. 33) may be taken as the type, the subcosta extends from the base of the wing midway between costa and K+ M to beyond the origin of media, where it divides into two branches, one going to the costal margin, the other extending transversely coalesces with radius. In the other subfamily, of which Yye/a (fig. 35) may be taken as the type, the base of subcosta is closely appressed to R-+ M but does not coalesce with it, to about the middle of the distance between no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRAY. 623 the base of the wing and the stigma, where it turns abruptly toward the margin of the wing. The free part of the vein Se, and the cell Se have been suppressed by the close approximation of the stems of Se and R+M. Lydidxe.—The Lydide is an easily circumscribed family of ten genera and about one hundred and twenty-five species which are peculiar to the northern hemisphere. This and the Xyelide are the only families of Hymenoptera in which subcosta has been preserved in the hind wings (figs. 86-43). In this character the Lydide are more generalized than the Xyelide. The series of wings here shown are of value as indicating the manner in which the subcosta of the hind wings has been suppressed, namely, by atrophy from the base toward the apex. This family is noteworthy for the retention in many species of the free part of Cu,, though this character has been preserved in a lim- ited number of species of the family Siricide (fig. 86). The Lydidee have departed farther from the tyical hymenopterous wing, and are therefore more specialized than the Xyelide. This is shown by the origin of media much nearer the origin of the radial sector, so that the cell R is only about as long as wide; by the position of the posterior end of the radial cross-vein, which varies from a position on the apical two-thirds of the cell R, to a position interstitial with the free part of the vein R,; by the position of the anterior end of the medio-cubital cross-vein at or just beyond the origin of the media; by the loss of the free part of R,; by the coalescence of the tip of R, for a greater distance from the margin of the wing; by the difference in the shape and position of the cell M, due to change in position of the stem of media and of the medio-cubital cross-vein; in the hind wings by the greater coalescence of the stem of media and the radial sector; and by the greater constriction of the apex of the first anal cell of the hind wings due to a coalescence of the first and second anal veins. The loss of the free part of the second branch of cubitus is a gradual one. It is complete except for the point where it is crossed by the anal furrow in Liolyda (fig. 43), Pamphilius (tig. 39), and Bactroceros (fig. 41); in Lyda (fig. 87) and Cephaleda (fig. +2) the posterior half is wanting; in Cenolyda (fig. 38) it is only a small tubercle on the posterior side of cubitus, while in Vewrotoma (fig. 36) and J/tycorsia (fig. 40) there is left only the convexity, indicating where the free part of Cu, was situated. The Lydide differ from the specialized Tenthredinoidea in the preservation of subcosta of both wings, the origin of media, the shape of the cell Ist R,+R, and the course of the radial cross-vein. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——41 ~_ - RO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. THE SPECIALIZED TENTHREDINOIDEA. Beginning with the families here included, there is found the first marked departure from the typical hymenopterous wing. This group is differentiated by the almost entire loss of the base of sub- costa. The only exception is found in certain species of Siricide (fig. 87), in which a subcosta of the type found in Veurotoma (tig. 36) per- sists. It can be traced as a pale, indistinct line through the middle of the area between costa and R+M in wings which have been cleared and mounted in Canada balsam. In addition to the loss of the base of subcosta, there is a decided shortening of cell R, due to the coalescence of radius and media to near the base of the stigma. The wings are longer, narrower, and more efficient organs of flight. The base of the radial sector has lost its prominent transverse curve, and measured along R, extends to the margin of the wing in a regular curve. The stigma has lost its broad quadrate outline, and, except in the genus Blasticotoma (fig. 44), it is narrow and diamond shaped. The specialized Tenthredinoidea are divisible into two distinct phyl- logenetic groups on the position of the posterior end of the radial cross-vein, in one ending in the cell R,, in the other in the cell R,. The position of this cross-vein, together with the position of the medio- cubital cross-vein and the direction of the base of media, mark these groups as very different lines of development. The determination of the sequence of these groups in a lineal arrangement has been a difficult one. In the answering of questions of this nature, the rule laid down by Comstock“ seems the most avail- able one: It seems to me that the most practicable way of meeting this difficulty is to begin with the description of the most generalized form known, and to follow this with descriptions of forms representing a single line of development, passing successively to more and more specialized forms included in this line. When the treatment of one line of development has been completed take up another line, beginning with the most generalized member of that line and clearly indicating in the text that a new start has been made. This shows clearly the method of procedure so far as the components of each line of development are concerned, but the difficulty here to be met is the determination of the sequence of the lines of development themselves. For the sake of brevity and convenience in referring to these lines of development, they may be known as the cell R, group and the cell R, group. As is indicated above, in the former the radial cross-vein ends in the cell R, andin the latter in the cell R,. Both lines contain families that are very generalized and are consequently near the stemform. In the arrangement here adopted, it has been assumed that the group that departs farthest from the condition of the original progenitor of the group should be given the highest rank, because “J. H. Comstock, Wilder Quarter-Century Book, p. 42. wo. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRAY. 625 they have shown by the adoption of these modifications greater ability to conform to enviromental modifications. The cell R, group finds its greatest modifications in the position of the radial cross-vein, the position of the medio-cubital cross-vein between Sc+R-+M and cubitus, and in the loss of the anal cells. The cell R, group finds its greatest modifications in the swinging of the base of media toward the apex of the wing, the atrophy of the base of the radial sector, and the loss of the second anal cell. It has been shown that the trend of modifications in these wings is toward the arrange- ment of the veins in such a way as to form supporting trusses in the stigmatal area. The cell R, group has accomplished this by means of the medio-cubital cross-vein alone, while the cell R, group has employed not only the cross-vein, but combined it with the transverse part of media. The fact that this latter type is the one preserved throughout the higher Hymenoptera would seem to indicate that it is the one that has been most successful in meeting the requirements of natural selection, and consequently must be the most efficient type. The loss of the base of the radial sector, which is peculiar to the cell R, group, and likewise to the higher Hymenoptera, would also seem to point in this same direction. On the other hand, the cell R, group has exceeded the cell R, group in the loss of the anal cells, which is likewise peculiar to this group and the higher Hymenoptera; but even this condition is approximated by the cell R, group in the genus Oryssus (fig. 97), where the second anal cell is apparently wanting. So far as structural modifications are concerned, the weight of the evidence shows that the modifications found in the cell R, group have departed farthest from the primitive type, and we are therefore justi- tied in giving it the precedence here. Another fact that should not be overlooked, although it does not refer to structural predominance, is the number of descendants. The cell R, group contains five families, all of which are limited as to number of genera and species. The cell R, group contains two fam- ilies, one containing a single species and the other many times as many genera and species as is found in all the remainder of the Ten- thredinoidea together. The predominance of the cell R, group would seem to contradict our conclusions from structural superiority and therefore of efficiency of type, namely, that the predominance of indi- viduals is a direct confirmation of the superiority and efficiency of the cell R, type. This is only an apparent contradiction, for, if structural superiority and predominance of descendants are compared in other groups of animals, it is found that in those groups where there is a marked structural superiority there are a limited number of genera and species, while in those groups where there is a marked predomi- nance of descendants, they are as a rule only mediocre so far as struc- tural superiority is concerned. 626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. THE CELL R, GROUP. It has been noted that there are two modifications in the stigmatal region that go hand in hand. The one is the progressive coalescence of the media from the middle of the costal area to near the stigma; the other is the progressive migration of the medio-cubital cross-vein from a position near the apex of the cell R toa position in the angle between Rand M. In the cell R, group there is found the consummation of these modifications, the base of the media moving still nearer the stigma and the cross-vein cutting loose from media and migrating along Sc+R-+M until in some genera it is more than its own length away fromthe media. It is doubtful that this moving of the radial end of the cross-vein toward the base of the wing is in every case a bona fide migration, and herein probably lies the explanation of why this character is of little value in certain subfamilies of the Tenthredinide. If the wings of Strongylogaster (tig. 51), Stromboceros (tig. 50), and Selandria ave examined, it is found that in the first the cross-vein arises in the angle between R and M, and that radius extends toward the stigma in a regular curve; in the second the cross-vein is farthest from M, but that beyond the cross-vein radius makes a more promli- nent bend toward the stigma, while in the third the cross-vein is dis- tant from M and radius makes an abrupt bend toward the stigma. The evidence here suggests that in the case of Selandria this condi- tion was reached by a coalescence of the anterior end of the cross-vein and Se+R+M. This group is noteworthy as being the only one showing the different ways in which the anal area has been modified and therefore the suc- cessive changes that have resulted in the complete reduction of the anal cells. The position of the radial and medio-cubital cross-veins marks the eroup as a sidewise development, this arrangement of parts being peculiar to the group. With the exception of a single case in the cell R, group, it is the only place where the radial cross-vein is lost. This peculiarity has arisen independently a number of times in the family Tenthredinide. When present, this cross-vein is always oblique to R,,, and never perpendicular, as in the generalized Tenthredinoidea. The hind wings are practically the same in venation as those of the Lydide, except that in some forms the free part of the second anal, the free part of R,, and the transverse part of M, has atrophied. Blasticotomidx.—A family containing a single genus and species, found only in central and eastern Europe (fig. 44). This is an isolated archaic type. It is, in certain of its characters, closely related to the Xyelidw and Lydide; in others it approximates the Tenthredinidea; that is, it is intermediate between these two groups. The area between costa and Se+R-+M is hardly more than a line and all trace of the sub- OE no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MaAcGILLIVRAY. 627 costa is wanting. The stigma isa broad oval area like that of the Xyel ide. The radial sector separates from R, distinctly before the stigma and extends to the wing margin along R, in a regular curve. The apex of the cell 2d R,+R, is broadly rounded, just as in the generalized Tenthredinoidea and Megalodontide (fig. 92). The radial cross-vein is joined to the stigma at its apical fourth and to the vein R,,, near the middle of the cell R,. The radio-medial cross-vein is wanting. Media separates from radius a short distance in front of the radial sector; it extends transversely for a short distance, then extends in a broad bow-like bend to the point of separation of M,,, and M,.,, much as in Bactroceros (tig. 41) and /tycorsia (tig. 40). The anterior end of the medio-cubital cross-vein is joined to media at the posterior end of its transverse part and the posterior end of the cross-vein to cubitus just beyond its middle, the cross-vein extending from this point to media in a prominent curve, so that the cell M, is in the shape of a semi- circle. The cubitus isa straight vein, closely appressed to Se+R-+ M at the base of the wing, but not coalesced with it. The free part of M,+ Cu, is situated near M,, as in the Lydide, the vein being trans- verse instead of oblique. The anal cell is of the form found in the typical wing. Inthe hind wings the cell R,,, is bluntly rounded as in the fore wing and they differ from the Lydide only in wanting the subcostal vein and in that the transverse part of media is nearer the apex of the wing. Almost every writer who has studied this species has located it in a different place. It has been placed in the subfamily Hylotomine (figs. 76-79), or as a separate subfamily, or as a tribe near the general- ized Tenthredinoidea. It has affinities with the generalized Tenthredi- noidea in the shape of the stigma, the shape of the apex of the cell R,, and the position of the medio-cubital cross-vein. It is allied to the family Tenthredinide (figs. 45-84), in the course of the base of the radial sector and in the position of the radial cross-vein. It differs from the generalized Tenthredinoidea and the generalized Tenthredi- nid in the constriction of the area between costa and Se+R+M. These characters indicate it as a primitive form closely related to the family Tenthredinide, which finds its proper location as a distinct family just before the Tenthredinide. Tenthredinide.—A large family with numerous subfamilies, genera, and species, found in all parts of the world. The stigma is of moderate size, ovate in outline. The costa in most of the species is distinctly thickened toward the apex. The area between costa and Se+R+M is of varying width, the subcosta is represented only by the free part of Se,, and only in rare cases is all trace of this wanting. The radial cross-vein is joined to the stigma near its apex and to R,,, near the apex of the cell R,. The radial sector extends from the base of the stigma in a regular curve. In many genera the angle between the 628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. stigma and the base of the radial sector has been strongly chitinized secondarily, so that the radial sector appears to arise from the base of the stigma, but it is always possible to differentiate this secondary part from the stigma and the vein because of the difference in the amount of chitinization. This condition is very prominent in’ //em7- chrou (fig. 62) and Periclista (tig. 69). Media separates from radius near the stigma. The anterior end of the medio-cubital cross-vein may be joined to it at its origin or arise from the angle between R and. M, or be joined to Se+R+M_ at various distances from the origin of M. The anal cells show a marked progressive modification, but this and the other modifications can be dealt with better under the discussion of the subfamilies, and will be treated there. It has been shown that the interrelation of the medio-cubital cross- vein and the origin of media is one of the most useful characters in indicating the sequence of the different families. Although there is quite a little modification in this region within the family Tenthredin- ide, yet it is worthless for our present purpose, since it does not indicate anything as to the phylogeny of the group. The anal veins and cells maintain the same form and relation in all the families of the Tenthredinoide except the Orysside and the Tenthredinide. In the Tenthredinide this area goes through a series of successive changes that are just as valuable in indicating the sequence of the subfamilies as the position of the medio-cubital cross-vein is in indi- cating the sequence of the families. Using, therefore, the anal area as a basis, this family can be divided into the following subfamilies, the relation of which can be best understood by means of the follow- ing synopsis: SYNOPSIS OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF TENTHREDINID. Generalized) TRenthredinidse Sees. ase eee eee .... Lophyrine. Emphytine. Selandriine. Dolerinze. Phyllotomine. Specialized Tenthredinidee. Anal cell conservers. Seconduanaliveinuconserversmeaeeee sees eee eee eee eee Lycaotinee. Tenthredinine. Cimbicine. Second anal vein losers. Second anal cell reduced by atrophy. Costal area conservers. Radial cross-vein conservers--.--------------- Hoplocampinee. Dineurine. Radial cross-veim loserse--- 2s = eee eee Monoctenine. Cladiine. Nematin:e. wo. 1488. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MaAcGILLIVRA Y. 629 Costaltareavlosersizaene se eccaets asso ok eek Blennocampine. Fenusinee. Scolioneurine. Second anal cell reduced by coalescence.-...-.---.------ Hylotomine. Schizocerine. Perreyiine. FATTAINCE lilt] OSCE eye sors oe Fe ee See cies wore Beis S. Incaliine. Lobocerine. Acordulecerine. Pterygophorine. Pergine. GENERALIZED TENTHREDINID. The five subfamilies here included do not represent a continuous line of modification. Each subfamily is a separate entity, represent- ing only the tip of a line of ascent. In the anal area they have retained the primitive condition of the typical wing, but in other regions they are distinctly modified. The group contains genera that have been distributed among various subfamilies. The primitive con- dition of the anal cells and the prominent contraction in the third anal vein shows their close relation to the generalized Tenthredinoide, their close affinity as a group, and furnishes ample reason for their inclusion as separate subfamilies in this place. Lophyrine.—The broad area between costa (tig. 45) and Se+R+M, together with the distinct free part of Sc, and the origin of media from RK, much as in the generalized families, denominates this group as a generalized one. It is specialized in its loss of the radial cross- vein and the open condition of the apex of the ce!l R,,, of the hind Wings, in these ways surpassing all the subfamilies of the generalized Tenthredinide. The base of the radial sector bends abruptly toward the apex of the wing, but not as abruptly as this vein bends in the Xyelidee (figs. 31-35) and Lydide (figs. 36-43). The apex of the cell k,,, of the front wings is moderately blunt, due to the bending of R, abruptly toward the wing margin at the origin of R,, though pointed at its actual apex; the cell M, is about twice as long as wide; the vein M,+ Cu, is joined to the middle of the cell M,; the medio-cubital cross- vein is joined to Se +R-+-M just before the origin of media, the cross vein and M,,, are slightly divergent, the free part of R, and the trans- verse part of M, of the hind wings is-present, and the first anal cell is petiolated at apex for a short distance. An interesting modification is the loss of the posterior half of the radio-medial cross-vein in many species. This subfamily as known to me contains only the genus Lophyrus (fig. 45). It is usually associated with the genus J/onoctenus (tig. 67), and placed near the Hylotomine and its allies, but I believe that the most important modification that can be used in assigning a location 630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. for a group in lineal arrangement in the family Tenthredinide is the condition of the anal cells, and judged by this criterion the Lophyrine must fall among the generalized Tenthredinidee. Emphytine.—The Emphytine have the area between costa (fig's. 46-48) and Se+R-+M restricted, though in some genera it is fairly broad with a distinct Se,, in others it is narrow, and Se, is only repre- sented by a projection upon the front margin of Se+R-+M. The medio- cubital cross-vein is attached in the angle between radius and media, this cross-vein and M,,, are parallel. The radio-medial cross-vein is wanting in certain genera, as Linphytus (fig. 46) and Pecilostomidea, so that the cells Rand R, are combined. Many writers on the Ten- thredinoidea content themselves with the statement that there are three or four submarginal cells present, but it is very apparent that this does not give a hint as to what vein is wanting and therefore what cells have combined. The radial cross-vein is never wanting. The cells 2d R,+R, of the fore wings and R,,, of the hind wings are distinctly pointed at apex. The free part of M,+Cu, varies as to the place at which it joins the cell M, from near the middle of the cell to a point almost interstitial with the medio-cubital cross-vein. In the hind wings the free part of R, is frequently wanting, while in other genera both the free part of R, and the transverse part of M, are wanting. There is considerable variation in the amount of coalescence of the first anal cell of the hind wings. In Ac/dophora the second anal vein separates from the first distinctly beyond the free part of M,+Cu, in other genera, as Zetratneura, the apex of the first anal is interstitial with M,+Cu,, while in Ayrvocampa (fig. 47) the coales- cence is fora considerable distance before M,+Cu,. The following genera would be referred to this subfamily as here constituted: Athalia, Eriocampa, Strongylogastroidea, Pwcilostomidea, Pacilo- stoma, Taxonus, [ypotavonus, Hemitaxonus, Himphytus, Harpipho- rus, Tetratneura, Acidophora, Parastobla, and Pseudostobla. Selandriine.—A group with only a limited number of genera, but fairly rich in species. It is of especial interest, because it marks the first stage in the reduction of the anal area, the free part of the second anal vein being wanting (figs. 50-51). It is only recently that system- atists have considered the loss of the free part of this vein of even generic value, but the modifications of this area are of such great phyllogenetic importance that there is not the slightest reason for not considering the loss of this vein as of subfamily value. The loss of the free part of the second anal vein marks a high specialization within the generalized Tenthredinide and should place this subfamily at the head of this series; but, as pointed out above, each of these subfami- lies is only the tip of a line of ascent, and as the other characters of the wings ally it closely with the Emphytine its most natural location is after this group, where all previous systematists have placed it. no. 1433. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRAY. 631 In the front wings the costal area varies from a broad prominent space to a narrow restricted area, the latter being the predominant condi- tion. The anterior end of the medio-cubital cross-vein may arise either from the angle between radius and media or from Se+R-+M dis- tinctly before the origin of media. This shows that in certain groups at least the location of this cross-vein at or before the origin of media does not include forms belonging to the same line of ascent, but it does show the successive modifications within this line of ascent. The other wing structures are practically the same as in the Emphytine except that, so far as observed, the free part of R, and the transverse part of M, are never wanting in the hind wings. This subfamily includes the following genera: Strongylogaster, Thrinax, Stromboceros, and Selandria. Dolerine.—A subfamily (fig. 49) with a distinct habitus, closely related to the Emphytin and Selandriinsz. The costal area has been greatly reduced, the free part of Sc, is only a projection upon the front side of Se+R+M. The costa is prominently thickened at apex. This, together with the thickening of Se+-R+ M, have undoubtedly been important factors leading to the reduction of this area. The medio- cubital cross-vein joins Se+R-+M just before the origin of media. This cross-vein and the stem of M,,, are slightly divergent behind. The most important characters for differentiating the group from the other subfamilies of the generalized Tenthredinide is the atrophy of the free part of R,, so that the cells R, and R, are combined. The free part of M,+Cu, is situated near the middle of the cell M,. The hind wings are of the usual form found in the generalized Tenthre- dinide. This subfamily contains two genera, Do/lerus and Loderus. Ph lotomine.—TVhis subfamily is distinctive in the oblique course of the medio-cubital cross-vein (tig. 52-54), which is joined to Se+ R+M distinctly before the origin of media and by the direction of the stem of M,.,, which is strongly divergent from the cross-vein behind. The costal area is narrow, the free part of Sc, is represented by a mere projection on the front margin of Se+-R+ M in Ca//roa, and is entirely wanting in Phyllotoma. The costa is broadly expanded at apex. The radial and radio- medial cross-veins are so completely covered by furrows in certain species as to be apparently wanting. The free part of M,+Cu, ts joined to the cell M, near its middle. The hind wings have undergone the greater reduction, the free part of R, and the transverse part of M, are generally wanting, though this latter vein is sometimes pres- ent. In the males there has been a peculiar change in the direction of the veins, all of them running direct to the margin, the free part of Rk, and M, and the transverse part of M, are wanting, and in their place there has been developed secondarily a vein along the margin of the wing from the apex of the cell R,,,°to the apex of the first anal 632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXJX. cell very much like the ambient vein of the Diptera. This condition can be explained in another way by assuming that the free part of R,, the transverse part of M,, and the free part of M, are all present, and simply have migrated to the margin of the wing. The difficulty in the way of this explanation is that the free part of R, is always want- ing in the females of these genera. In certain species of Phyllotoma the free part of the second anal vein coincides with the second anal furrow and the apex of the free part has atrophied. This subfamily contains the genera, Caliroa, Phyllotoma, and Eriocampoides. THE SPECIALIZED TENTHREDINIDA. A group containing the greater part of the genera and species of the family Tenthredinide. They are differentiated from the gene- ralized Tenthredinide through the loss of the constriction near the middle of the second anal cell. The subfamilies fall into several well- marked lines of development. The Lycaotine (fig. 55), Tenthredininee (figs. 56-58), and Cimbicinee (figs. 59-60) are the only members of this series in which the free part of the second anal vein of the front wings is preserved. The marked contraction of the third anal vein is repre- sented asa shehtly thickened emargination just before the free part of the second ‘anal vein, this is found only in the Lycaotine (fig. 55) and Tenthredinine. In the genera Macrophya (tig. 57) and Tenthredo (tig. 56) the presence or absence of a transverse vein between the second and third anal veins is not of generic value. The Hoplocanpine, Dinurine, Cladiine, Monoctenine, Nematine, Blennocampine, Scolioneurine, and Fenusine have the anal cells either anastomosed at middle or with the basal half of the third anal vein atrophied. In the Hylotomine, Schizocerinx, and Perreyine the second anal cell has been reduced by the progressive coalescence of the anastomosis to the base of the wing. In the Lobocerine, Pterygophorine, and Perreyine the anastomosis has proceeded both ways, so that both the first and second anal cells have been reduced. Lycaotine.—This subfamily contains the single genus Lycaota (fig. 55). Its location with the Tenthredininz and Cimbicinz is due to the form of the anal cells, which anastomose at a single point at the usual place for the location of the free part of the second anal vein. The wings are broad and their apices are blunt. The medio-cubital cross- vein arises from Se+R-+M, just before the origin of media. This cross-vein and M,,, are parallel. In the hind wings the free part of R, is wanting and the first and second anal veins are coalesced for nearly one-half the length of the veins. This subfamily is placed as the most generalized member of the specialized Tenthredinidve because of the form of the anal veins of the front wings and the position of the medio-cubital cross-vein. Md tenes no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MAcGILLIVRAY. 683 Tenthredininew.—The limits of this subfamily as given here is the same as that usually assigned it by systematists with the exclusion of those genera in which the free part of the second anal vein appears like an oblique cross-vein. The Tenthredinine are generalized in the preservation of the remnant of the contraction of the typical wing (figs. 56-58), the fairly broad costal area, and in the parallel medio- cubital cross-vein and M,,,. The medio-cubital cross-vein is oblique, and is joined to Se+R+Ma considerable distance before the origin of media. The cells between R, and R, are broad, the radial cross-vein long and bowed. The topography of the hind wings is of the ordinary type found in the Tenthredinide, except that there has been a notable reduction of the anal area of the wing, so that the lobe behind the second anal vein is almost entirely wanting. In the front wings the modification of the second anal vein varies froma long vein in Zen- thredo (fig. 56) to a broad contraction in Pachyprotasis (tig. 58); in the hind wings the cell R,,, extends to the apex of the wing R,, extending beyond as a short spur. Although it is impossible to put it into words, yet the general appearance of the wings of this subfamily is distinctive and easily recognized and would never be confused with those of any other group. Cimbicine.—Like the preceding group, this one has the same limits as that given it by systematists. Its distinctive characters are the narrow costal area (figs. 59-60); the long, narrow-pointed stigma; the narrow-pointed area between the veins R, and R,, which always ends a considerable distance before the apex of the wing, the vein R, being always extended for a considerable distance beyond the apex of this area; the radial cross-vein is straight and slightly oblique; the medio- cubital cross-vein usually joins Se+R+M more than its own length before the origin of media; the medial cross-vein is frequently oblique; the free part of the second anal vein may be present or its location represented by a broad anastomosis; the medio-cubital cross-vein and the stem of M,,., are divergent before; the first anal cell has been shortened at apex by the coalescence of the first anal and the combined second and third anals; the radio-medial cross-vein is wanting, so that the cells R and R, are coalesced. The wing area of the hind wings has not been modified from the usual type and the vein topography is the same, except that the cell R,,, ends a considerable distance before the apex of the wing, the vein R, being continued to near the apex of the wing. The apex of the free part of the second anal vein is transverse like a cross-vein, and there has been developed from the apex of the first anal cell on the hinder angle a long secondary spur to the wing margin. The costal area of hooks extends to or beyond the middle of the cell R,4,. Hoplocampine.—A small group, embracing two genera, Hoplo- campa (tig. 61) and Hemichroa (tig. 62). This and the following sub- 634 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. family represents a series in which the anal veins have been modified before the loss of the radial cross-vein. In this subfamily the costal area is broad with the free part of Se, distinct. The area between R, and R, is very broad, the radial cross-vein is long, straight, and shghtly oblique. The area between the base of the stigma and the base of the radial sector has been chitinized so that it appears as a part of the stigma. The medio-cubital cross-vein is joined to R+M distinctly before the origin of media, usually near the free part of Se,. The free part of M,+Cu, is joined to the cell M, near its middle. The anal cells are contracted for a short distance in //oplocampa and for a considerable distance in Hemichroa. In the hind wings the anal lobe is larger, the venation is of the usual type. Dineurine.—This subfamily as generally limited contains the genera Dineura (fig. 68) and Mesoneura (fig. 64). To these has been added the genus Pseudodineura (fig. 65), which is closely allied to them. The Dineurine are quite similar in wing type to the preceding sub- family, the most notable difference is in the loss of the base of the third anal vein, so that the cell included between Ist A+2d A, and 3d A has coalesced with the third anal cell. There is a notable variation in the amount of thickening of the apex of the costa, the greatest thickening being found in the genus J/esoneura. The free part of Se, occupies a different position in each of the genera; in J/esoneura it is about its own length before the medio-cubital cross-vein, in Pseudodi- neura it is almost interstitial with the cross-vein, and in ineura it is about its own length beyond it. The position of the free part of Se, is usually of but little value systematically, at least in certain groups. This is marked in (teronus ventralis, one of the Nematine, where this vein is not constant within a single species, but may in different indi- viduals occupy all three of the positions described for the genera of this subfamily. In Pseudodineura the apex of the free part of the second anal vein is wanting. The hind wings are of the usual type. Monoctenine.— Beginning with this subfamily there is a series of three closely related subfamilies in which the loss of the radial cross- vein has preceded the modifications of the anal veins. The Monoc- tenine contains a single genus, J/onoctenus (tig. 67), which all sys- tematists have agreed hitherto in associating with the genus Lophyrus (fig. 45), described above. JM/onoctenus is like Lophyrus in lacking the radial cross-vein and in having the costal area broad, with a prominent free part of Se,. In J/onoctenus the costa is slightly thickened at apex; the medio-cubital cross-vein is joined in the angle between R and M; this cross-vein and the stem of M,,, are divergent behind; the anal cells are broadly anastomosed at middle; the free part of M,+Cu, joins the cell M, near its middle and is strongly oblique; the cell R,,, is broad and pointed at apex, and the area between the base of the stigma and the radial sector is distinctly chitinized. In the hind wings the no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MAcGILLIVRA Y. 635 cell R,,, is broad and open at apex; the radial sector reaches the wing margin at the actual wing apex; the remainder of the wing is of the usual type. Cladiine.—The genera included in this subfamily are generally placed with the next, the Nematine. The costa is somewhat thickened at apex (fig. 66); the medio-cubital cross-vein joins Se+R+M just before the origin of M, this cross-vein and the stem of M,,, is strongly divergent behind. In the hind wings the cell R,,, is broad, pointed, not open at apex, and ends on the front margin distinctly before the apex of the wing with the vein R, extending beyond the apex of the cell spur-like. This subfamily includes the genera Cladius, Prio- phorus, Trichiocampus, and Camponiscus. Nematine.—A large subfamily of several genera and numerous spe- cies. The genera here included are those generally included in this subfamily, in which the base of the third anal vein has atrophied so that the cells 2d A and 3d A are coalesced (tig. 68). The costa is dis- tinetly thickened at apex, the costal area is broad; the area between the base of the stigma and the base of the radial sector is strongly chitinized; the medio-cubital cross-vein is joined to Se+ R+ M a consid- erable distance before the origin of media; the base of the free part of the third anal vein is wanting; the free part of R, is wanting in Awura; and the radio-medial cross-vein is frequently so completely covered by the radial furrow as to be partially or wholly wanting, a condition especially noticeable in the genus Prist/phora. Fenusine.—Oft the genera known to me, there are two, /enusa (tig. 74) and Adliosysphinga (tig. 73), which would fall into this subfamily as here limited. The group is indicated by the narrow costal area; the thickened apex of the costa; the loss of all trace of Sc,; the broad stigma; the subtransverse bases of the radial sector and of media; the strongly bowed medio-cubital cross-vein, which is joined either in the angle between R and M, or just before the origin of media; the strong divergence of the medio-cubital cross-vein and the stem of M,,,. The radio-medial cross-vein is wanting; in Aa//osysphinga, the base of the third anal vein is represented by a dark band of coloring matter, which in Fenusa is completely wanting. In the hind wings there is the atrophy of the free part of R, and the transverse part of M,. The apical two-thirds of the second anal vein is wanting in Aaléosysphinga, and the anal area of the wings is greatly reduced. The apex of the cell R,., is open, the vein R, reaching the wing margin at the actual apex of the wing. Scolioneurine.—A small subfamily containing two genera, /ntodecta and Scolioneuru (tig. 75), which are closely related to the preceding subfamily. It differs from the Fenusine in having the free part of Se, preserved as a protuberance upon the front margin of Se+R+ M, and in having the cell R,,, of the hind wings closed some distance before 636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. the apex of the wing, the vein R, being continued spur-like beyond the apex of the cell. In Scol/oneura the radial cross-vein is interstitial with the free part of R,, and the base of the free part of the third anal is preserved, though its connection with the other anal veins at the contraction is wanting. The radio-medial cross-vein is present, although almost entirely covered by the radial furrow. In Entodecta the base of the third anal vein is represented in the wing membrane as a dark, straight band. Blennocampine.—This and the two following subfamilies begin a series in which the costal Area has been greatly reduced, and the free part of Se, is represented only by a spur (figs. 69-72). The Blenno- campine is a large group rich in genera and species, in which system- atists have placed a number of genera bearing no relation to the group at all, as here restricted. The costa is prominent and thickened at apex; the medio-cubital cross-vein is joined to radius in the angle between radius and media and is usually parallel with M,,,, very slightly divergent in Rhadinocerea ; the base of the third anal vein is partly atrophied, different genera showing the successive stages in the atrofication of this vein; the free part of M,+Cu, varies in position from near the middle of the cell M, to a position almost interstitial with the medio-cubital cross-vein. In the hind wings the free part of R, and the transverse part of M, are wanting in certain genera; the first anal cell is of varying lengths, the first and second anal veins being coalesced from a point opposite the free part of M, to near the middle of the distance between the base of the wing and the free part of M,; the cell R,., usually ends just before the apex of the wing, but in Periclista R, ends at the actual apex, the cell being closed; in the males of certain species the apex of the wing is margined by an ambient vein as.in the males of certain Phyllotomine. Hylotomine and allies.—This group (figs. 76-80) includes three subfamilies, the Hylotominz, Schizocerine, and Perreyine. As only avery limited amount of material of the last two subfamilies is at hand for study, it will be impossible to more than point out some of the more salient characters of the group, and for this reason the groups are given the same limits in the table on another page that is generally assigned them by systematists. It seems doubtful that these groups as now arranged represent natural divisions. The Hylotomine and Schizocerine are differentiated by the moderately broad costal area together with a well-marked Se,, which is common to the former and wanting in the latter, while both conditions are found in the Per- reyine. The characters above given would place the genera //ylotoma (fig. 76) and Pachylota (fig. 77) in the same subfamily. In both the cell R, +, of the front wings is prominently appendiculate, but in the hind wings of Pachylota this cell is open at the apex, the veins R, and R, extending parallel to the margin of the wing. This condition is also no. 1488. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MaAcGILLIVRAY. 637 found in the Schizocerine, where this cell is appendiculate in Zab?- darge (tig. 78), and broadly open at apex in Scob/na and Dielocerus (fig. 79); in fact, in Scob/na this cell is not appendiculate in either wing. If the results of our studies on the other groups of this family be of any value, then the variation in the characters just cited must indicate very different lines of ascent, and be of more value than for the mere differentiation of genera. The medio-cubital cross-vein is generally joined to Se+R-+M at or very near the origin of media. Although it is not true of all the genera, yet in certain genera there seems to be a marked tendency for the migration of the free parts of R, and R, and the transverse part of M, toward the base of the wing, thus greatly increasing the size of the apical cells. The second anal cell is wanting in the Perreyin, but according to descriptions of genera may be either present or absent in both the Hylotomine and Schizocerine. This character is not of any phylogentic value, since, so far as it Is con- cerned, these subfamilies are undergoing a progressive reduction of this cell. In the Hylotominz and Schizocerine the hind margin of the cell M, is a fairly straight vein, the free part of M,+-Cu, joining it near its middle, and is either perpendicular to it or inclined toward the apex of the wing. In most Perreyine the hind margin of the cell M, is deeply curved, the free part of M,+Cu, is joined to it at or before the middle, and is always strongly inclined toward the base of the wing. This is the only venational character thus far discovered that is of any value in separating the Perreyinee from the other two sub- families. In the hind wings it is only with rare exception that either the free part of R, or the transverse part of M, are wanting in the Hylotomine and Schizocerine, and when either of them are wanting it is always the latter. In marked contrast to this is the almost entire absence of the transverse part of M, in the Perreyinie, the free part of R, being always present, so far as can be judged from figures of wings. Here, just as in the front wings, there is a marked tendency toward the migration of the free part of R, and the transverse part of M,, when it is present, toward the base of the wing. In many Tenthredi- nid the transverse part of M, is either interstitial, or nearly so, with the free part of R,, but in this group it has migrated toward the base of the wing until it is near, or sometimes even before, the free part of M,. There is also in many Tenthredinide a prominent angle oppo- site the anterior end of the free part of M,, but in this group this angle has been straightened out and cubitus appears to extend directly to the margin of the wing. The Perreyine are frequently separated from all the preceding subfamilies by the loss of the free part of the second anal vein. It has been pointed out above that this vein is also wanting in the Phyllotominz and Fenusine, and the same condition is found in certain Schizocerine and Hylotomine. This is a character that has arisen several times in widely separated groups, and does not 638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. appear to be of any phyllogenetic value. Although the Hylotomine, Schizocerine, and Perreyine are so closely related in their wing char- acters that there is a great dearth of prominent differences for dividing them, yet the Perreyine are readily separated from the other sub- families on antennal characters. The anal cell loosers.—The genera included under this heading are generally divided into three subfamilies, the Lobocerinz, Pterygo- phorine, and Pergine. Such a grouping combines forms that are not closely related and they have therefore been divided into the following subfamilies: The Incaliine, including the genera /nea/ia and Paralypia, which are limited to South America; the Lobocerine, including the genera Loboceras (tig. 82), Aulacomerus, Syzgonia, and Corynophilus, - which are also limited to South America; the Acordulecerine, includ- ing the single genus Acordulecera (fig. 83), found in North and South America; the Pterygophorine including the genera Pterygophorus (fig. 81), Pterygophorinus, Lophyrotoma, and Philomastix, which are limited to Australasia; and the Perginz, including the genera Cerealces and Perga (fig. 84), and its subdivisions, which are limited to Aus- tralasia. It has been impossible to examine specimens of all these groups, and the writer has had to depend in many cases on figures, so that the characters given in the table on a later page may not be of any more value than to indicate the regions which are undergoing modifications. These subfamilies are set off from all the other Ten- thredinide by the reduction of both anal cells of the front wings. The wings are long and slender, and the anal area of the hind wings is generally greatly reduced. In the front wings the costal area is broad, and the free part of Sc, is preserved in the Lobocerinz, but in the other subfamilies the costal area is hardly more than a line, and the free part of Se, is wanting. The radial cross-vein is wanting. The cell Ry, is appendiculate in the Incaliine, Lobocerine, Pterygophor- ine, and Perginz, ending at or before the middle of the cell R,, the vein R, being continued to the apex of the wing. In the Acordulecerine this cell is not appendiculate, and ends distinctly beyond the middle of the cell R,. The medio-cubital cross- vein joins Sc+R+M ator very near the origin of M. In the Ptery- gophorine the free part of R, is wanting, in Acordulecera and certain species of Perginv the radio-medial cross-vein is also wanting. The free part of M,+Cu, joins the cell M, just before the middle in the Lobocerine and Pterygophorine, and insterstitial with the medio- cubital cross-vein in the Pergine. In the hind wings the cell R,,, is appendiculate in the Pergine and Lobocerine, while in the Acordule- cerine and Pterygophorine it extends as a long, pointed cell to the apex of the wing. The free part of R, is always present, and the transverse part of M, always wanting. nee in the Hylotomine and its allies, the base of cubitus apparently forms a continuous vein to the xo.1488. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MaAcGILLIVRAY. 639 wing margin by coming into line with M,, the medial cross-vein, and the longitudinal part of M,. The medio-cubital cross-vein is longi- tudinal in the Inecaliinze, Lobocerine, and Pergine, and transverse in the Acordulecerine and Pterygophorine. The free part of M, is longitudinal in the Pterygophorine and only about one-third the length of the free part of M,, while in the Lobocerine and Pergine the free part of M, is transverse and two or three times as long as the free part of M,. This is due to the migration of the basal end of the medial cross-vein along the free part of M,. The free part of the second anal vein is wanting throughout the group, due to the great reduction of the anal lobe of the wing, while the second anal furrow and the axillary incision are near the first anal vein. The loss of the second anal is the consummation of a variation that has appeared sporadically in other subfamilies. THE CELL R,; GROUP. It has been pointed out in the case of the generalized Tenthredin- oidea that the radial cross-vein always ends in the cell R,. In the families Xiphydriide (fig. 85), Siricide (jigs. 86-91), Megalodontidee (fig. 92), and Cephide (figs. 93-96) this cross-vein, with rare excep- tions, also ends in the cell R,. In the family Orysside (fig. 97) this cross-vein is apparently wanting, but, as was shown above, the cross- vein is present and is represented by the transverse vein at the base of R,. The only modification in the course of the cross-vein is that its posterior end has migrated toward the apex of the wing, so that it is always oblique to R,,, instead of being perpendicular. The interrelation of the radio-medial cross-vein, the base of the radial sector, and the base of the media is a prominent characteristic of this group of families. In the Xiphydriide there is only a slight departure from the arrangement of parts existing in the typical wing, the base of the radial sector and the base of media being parallel, and the cross-vein perpendicular to them. In the other families, however, the posterior end of the cross-vein has swung around at such an angle as to form an apparently continuous vein with a part of the radial sector, while the basal part of the sector extends transversely between the cross-vein and the stigma like a cross-vein. As a result of this change in the direction of the veins, the cells R, Ist R,, and 2d R,+R, are arranged in a row. The position of the medio-cubital cross-vein in those families in which the posterior end of the radial cross-vein ends in the cell R, is also of especial interest. In the Xiphydriidee this cross-vein occupies practically the same position that it does in the typical wing. The Orysside show a stage slightly more advanced than that of the Xiphy- driide. The cross-vein is longer than the transverse part of media, which has been brought about by a combined migration of the anterior Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05 42 640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. end of the cross-vein along media, and by a further coalescence of media with radius until it is almost opposite the anterior end of the cross-vein. A similar condition is found in certain Cephidee, the cross-vein being about three times as long as the transverse part of media. In this family the modification has been a migration of the anterior end of the cross-vein along media until in certain species, as Cephus pygmeus (fig. 96) it arises in the angle between Se+R+M and media. In the Siricide and Megalodontide the modification has been in an entirely different direction. The cross-vein and the transverse part of media in these families are subequal in length, while the origin of media is either opposite or beyond the anterior end of the cross- vein and never before it, as it iS in all the forms previously described. The manner in which this arrangement of parts has arisen can be best understood if a study be made first of the condition found in the Xiphydriide (fig. 85). In this family the cross-vein and the trans- verse part of media are subequal in length, just as in the families named above. The cross-vein is distinctly bowed on the side toward the base of the wing. This bow in the cross-vein has been preserved in practically all the Siricide (figs. 86-91). Now, if the cross-vein maintain this same form and position, and the point of separation of media from radius be gradually changed, moving toward the apex of the wing by the coalescence of media more and more with the radius until it is opposite or beyond the anterior end of the cross vein, exactly the same condition will be had as is found in the Siricide. The Megalodontide (fig. 92) differ only in that the coalescence has pro- ceeded farther, the transverse part of media being distinctly inclined toward the base of the wing, and the cross-vein is straight instead of being bowed. The only other possible solution of the arrangement of veins in the the stigmatal area of the Siricide would be that starting with a wing like that of Cephus pygmeus, the base of media had migrated along the cross-vein until near its middle, and that at some later time the anterior end of the combined cross-vein and media had migrated along radius toward the apex of the wing. This would give exactly the same result that has been explained above in another way. That this latter explanation can not be the correct one is proven by the relation of these veins in the Xyelide, Lydide, Cephide, and the Tenthredi- nide. It has been shown that in the first three of these families the tendency is for the progressive coalescence of media with radius, and coordinated with this a progressive migration of the medio-cubital cross-vein from a position near the apex of the cell R to the point of separation of media from radius. That the tendency is not for media to migrate along the cross-vein when the cross-vein reaches the angle between radius and media, as has been shown in the Tenthredinide, but instead that the cross-vein continues its migration toward the base no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRAY. 641 of the wing along Se+R+M._ This is conclusively shown in 7richio- soma (fig. 59), where the cross-vein has migrated more than its own length away from the origin of media. That this latter solution is untenable is further proven by the position of the posterior end of the radio-medial cross-vein, which in both the Siricide and Megalodontidee is so near the posterior end of the transverse part of media as to pre- clude such a migration. It has been shown that the preservation of the radial cross-yein as the base of R,, as in the Oryssidee, is the same condition existing in all the higher Hymenoptera. It is of especial interest that the form of the medio-cubital cross-vein and the base of media is also the same arrangement of parts found in the other Hymenoptera. Both of these conditions go to show that the other superfamilies of the Hyme-_ noptera were derived from a progenitor closely allied to the families Siricide, Megalodontidx, and Orysside. Xiphydriide.—This family contains four genera and about twenty- five species, which are distributed over North and South America, Europe, and Asia. Their wing type (fig. 85) is the most generalized found in the specialized Tenthredinoidea. The front wings are long and narrow; the costal area is broad and distinct; the free part of Sc, is represented by a prominent transverse vein situated near the origin of media, which is a direct modification and migration of the condition found in Xyela (fig. 35) and Manoryela (fig. 34); the anterior end of the radial cross-vein is situated near the apex of the stigma and its posterior end near the apex of the cell R, or interstitial with the free part of the vein R, and is either perpendicular or slightly oblique; this cross vein is wanting in the genus Derecyrta. The radial sector arises at the base of the stigma and continues along R, ina regular curve. The base of the sector is subtransverse; it does not make as abrupt a bend as in the generalized Tenthredinoidea, while, on the other hand, it is not so gradual a curve as in the more specialized forms. The radio- medial cross-vein is somewhat oblique and distant from the origin of media, and is wanting in the genus Avnowia. Media separates from radius but little nearer the stigma than in the Lydide, while the portion before the medio-cubital cross-vein is oblique, just as in Macro- ryela (fig. 33), though both this part of media and the cross-vein are longer than in that genus, resulting in a much wider cell M; the free part of M,+Cu, is near the posterior end of the radio-medial cross- vein, almost interstitial with it. In the hind wings the origin of media is distant from the origin of the radial sector, and the first anal cell is of a type similar to that found in the Lydide (figs. 36-43) except in Konowia, where it is open at the apex. The migration of the apex of R, in the front wings away from the margin of the wing in AZphydria camelus, as already described, has developed into a distinct appendiculate cell in Derecyrta and Brachyxiphus. 642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. The venation of the wings of this family is like the typical wing in the origin of media, the location of the medio-cubital cross-vein, and the type of anal cells. The Xiphydriide has generally been considered by systematists as a subfamily of the family Siricide. That it represents a distinct line of development is shown by the condition of the area between costa and Se+R+ M, which is broad, and the wing membrane not any thicker than that of any other part of the wing, while the remnant of sub- costa retained is a modification of the type found in Xyela, the type found in the Siricide, as will be shown later, is a modification of the type found in Veurotoma. That the Xiphydriide represent a distinct line is further shown by the origin of the base of media, by the posi- tion of the radio-medial cross-vein, and by the origin of the base of media in the hind wings, which is in reality quite a specialized condi- tion. All these characters go to show that the wings of this family are more nearly like those of the generalized Tenthredinoidea than those of the specialized Tenthredinoidea. Siricide.—This family contains five genera, all of which are limited to the northern hemisphere. The Siricide are large, active, flying insects, and as a result their wings are long and narrow. The wings are like the typical wing (figs. 86-91) only in having homologous veins. The stigma is narrow, pointed, and eight to ten times as long as broad. The area between costa and Se+ R-+M is narrow and almostas strongly chitinized as the veins themselves. The suppression of the subcosta, which is represented in some species as a pale, indistinct line, is undoubtedly due to the chitinization of the membrane of this area. In Tremex columba (fig. 91) the chitinization has proceeded so far that there is a large trachea unprotected by a vein ramifying through this area. The peculiar arrangement of the veins forming the apex of the cell M has already been discussed and need not be considered here. The posterior end of the radio-medial cross-vein joins the cell M, on its basal third; in 7remex fuscicornis it ends in the angle between the transverse and longitudinal parts of media, while in Screa californicus (fig. 87) it ends on the posterior third of the transverse part of media. Correlated with the migration of the posterior end of this cross-vein there is a corresponding migration of its anterior end along the radial sector until, in 7remex fuscicornis, it arises almost at the origin of the sector, so that the cell Ris hardly more than a broad line. In 7?remea the radial cross-vein is situated near the apex of the cell R,+R,, the free part of the vein R, is wanting. On the apex of the front wings of all the species of the family there has been developed a large appendiculate cell, with the apex of R, as a prominent vein extending toward the actual apex of the wing. An especially interesting feature of the wings of the Siricide is the preservation of the free part of Cu, in the venus Paururus (fig. 86) and a portion of it in different species no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MAcGILLIVRAY. 6438 of Sirex. This vein is found besides in the Siricidee only in certain species of the family Lydide. It is noteworthy that it is situated nearer the medio-cubital cross-vein than in the Lydide, and that the prominent bow in the base of cubitus, so characteristic of the Lydide, is wanting in the Siricide. The first and second anal cells approxi- mate the type found in the typical wing, but the emargination near the base of the third anal vein, instead of being an abrupt one, as in the typical wing, is a long, continuous curve. There has also been a progressive migration of the free part of the second anal toward the apex of the wing until in Pawrurus and Strex californicus it is situated midway between M,,, and the medio-cubital cross-vein. In Xervs (fig. 89) it is just beyond the cross-vein, while in Zremex it is before. In the hind wings there is in certain species a well-marked appendiculate cell, but in Zremer and Paururus the transverse part of R, has been obliterated, leaving the cell R,., open at apex. This family is so spe- cialized in most of its structures that it is of interest to find at least one of its characters very generalized. This is the point of origin of media, which is more primitive than the same region in the Xyelide (figs. 31-35). There is a progressive migration from a position dis- tinctly before the radial sector in S’rex californicus, from the origin of the radial sector in Paururus, and finally from the radial sector dis- tinctly beyond its origin in 7remer. We find a confirmation of the generalized condition of this character in its great variability, which is not constant even in the same species. The first anal cell in Pai- rurus and Sirex californicus is of the type described for the Lydide and Xiphydriide, but in Zremer and Xer7s the free part of the second anal vein is entirely wanting. The explanation of the obliteration of this vein is found in the following species: In S/rex albicornis the basal two-thirds and the small transverse part is preserved; in S7rea flavicorn’s only the basal two-thirds is preserved, while in Yeris only a part of the small transverse part remains. It should be noted that in the three species just named the longitudinal part of this vein coin- cides with the second anal furrow, along which this part of the wing is folded, while in Pawrurus, where the entire free part of the second anal vein is preserved, that the free part of this vein is distinctly before the furrow. There is only one solution possible for the loss of this vein, and that is that it is due to the presence and location of this fur- row, which has migrated forward in certain species hand in hand with the reduction of the anal area of the wing. That there is a marked migration of this furrow and reduction of the anal area will be readily seen by an examination of the wings of the different species of Zremer. The genus Zeredon“” (tig. 90) possesses a number of interesting fea- “The figure of Teredon latitarsus was enlarged from a photomicrograph of the wings of the type in the Collection of the American Entomological Society made and loaned the writer by Mr. J. Chester Bradley. 644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. tures. The radial cross-vein is intermediate in its location between Sirex and Tremex, being almost interstitial with the free part of R,, which is fully preserved; the transverse part of the base of media has begun to disappear and the radio-medial cross-vein to function for it; the apices of the veins forming the appendiculate cell of the front wing have faded out, so that there is found exactly the same condition in both wings that exists in Z7remex, the free part of the second anal vein is preserved and the anal area of the wing is large. All these characters ally this genus more closely with a form like Szrewx albicornis than with Zremex, near which it has been placed. The Siricide are a well-circumscribed group, defined by the condi- tion of the area between costa and Sc+R-+ M, by the relation of media and the medio-cubital cross-vein, by the position of the radio-medial cross-vein, and by the prominent appendiculate cell at the apex of the front wing. Megalodontide.—This family (fig. 92) contains four genera and about twenty-five species, and is peculiar to Europe, Asia, and north- ern Africa. It represents a line of specialization very similar to that found in the Siricide. This is shown by the condition of the base of media and the medio-cubital cross-vein. The cells R, 1st R,, and 2d Rk, +R, are arranged ina row. The base of the radial sector is trans- verse, as in the Lydidx, but that portion of the sector between the anterior end of the radio-medial cross-vein and the posterior end of the radial cross-vein is not so strongly curved, so that the cell 1st R, is almost a parallelogram. The Megalodontide differ from the Siricide in that the cells R and 1st R, are subequal in size, the cell M, is propor- tionately much smaller, the cell 2d R,+R, is of about the same length, but is much broader, while the apex of the cell is like that of the Xye- lide and Lydidex, and is notappendiculate. The anal cells are like those of the typical wing. The area between costa and Se+R-+ M is broad, and all trace of the subcosta is wanting. The vein forming the apex of the cell M isa straight one; each of the components of this vein is not separately bowed on the basal side with an emargination between them, as is so characteristic of this vein in the Siricidz, while it is more strongly inclined than in this latter family. The hind wings are just like those of the Lydidew, except that the subcosta is wanting. The generalized condition of the apex of the cell R,,,, obliquely truncated and not pointed, is notable. | The forms considered here as constituting the family Megalodontide are invariably classified by systematists as a subfamily of the Lydide. That they do not have any affinities with this family is shown by the difference in the position of the medio-cubital cross-vein, by the dif- ference in the position of the cells R and 1st R,, by the entire loss of the subcosta in both wings, by the loss of the free part of Cu,, by the straightening of the cubital vein, so that the curve so characteristic of no. 1488. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MaAcGILLIVRAY. 645 this vein in thie Lydide is Senne ine the Tack of co salegue ‘ence pies: cubitus and Se+R+M, which extends for almost one-half the length of the vein Se+R+M in the Lydide, and by the difference in the shape of the cell M,. The facts just given show conclusively that the Megalodontide are more closely allied to the Siricide than to any other family, while there are an abundance of characters for retaining them as a distinct family. Cephidxe.—A family of about a dozen genera and moderately numer- ous in species of intercontinental distribution. It is not closely related to any of the families described hitherto. The front wings (figs. 93- 96) are long and narrow, the hind wings have been remarkably reduced in the anal region, and the insects are very rapid fliers. The aree between costa and Sc+R+M has been eliminated in both wings. Media separates from radius distant from the stigma, in about the same region as in the Xyelide. The cell R is long, subequal in length to the cell R,, and is in line with the cells Ist R, and 2d R,+R,, as in the Siricidee and Megalodontidee, but differs from these families in that the apex of the cell R is almost opposite the apex of the cell Ist R,. The radio-medial cross-vein is transverse. The portion of the radial sector between this cross-vein and the stigma is longitudinal, while the portion of the sector between the radio-medial cross-vein and the radial cross-vein is subtransverse, and might readily be mistaken for a part of the radio-medial cross-vein if it were not for the angle at its anterior end. The radial cross-vein is oblique and appears to be the base of R,. The cell 2d R,+R, is very long, as in the Siricidx, but is pointed at tip. The anterior end of the medio-cubital cross-vein is joined to media in certain species distinctly beyond its origin, while in others it arises from the angle between Rand M. The cell M, isas long as or longer than the cell R. The cubitus coalesces with Se+R+M for only avery short distance at base. The cells Ist A and 2d A are sub- equal in width, and the free part of the second anal vein is situated just beyond the middle of cubitus and is perpendicular to the first and third anal veins, while the contraction of the third anal vein is wanting. The hind wings are just as distinctive as the front wings. With the exception of the subcostal area, costa being coalesced with R+M, the number of veins is the same as in the Xiphydriide. The most dis- tinctive character is in the arrangement of the cells. Beginning at the base of the wing (fig. 95) the cells Ist A, M,+Cu+Cu,, M,+ 1st M,, R+R,+R,, and R, are arranged in an oblique row from the base to the apex of the wing. Practically all systematists are agreed in considering the Cephide as a distinct group worthy of family rank. So far as the wings are concerned, they are the most distinctive of any group of the Tenthre- dinoidea, and are only indirectly related to any of the other families. They are generalized, so far as the origin of media is concerned, but 646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. are very specialized in the region of the radial and radio-medial cross- veins and in the arrangement of the cells of the hind wings in an oblique row. Orysside. —A small family consisting of four genera and a very limited number of species found in all parts of the world. The family is known to the writer only in the genera Oryssus (fig. 97), Ophryno- pus, and the notes given here refer only to these genera. It has been found that as a rule the figures of wings given by writers who have not made an especial study of wing venation can not be depended upon, but, judging from such figures of species not accessible to the writer, they would seem to indicate more generalized conditions than those existing in Oryssus. The costal area is narrow; the costa is a delicate vein quite strongly thickened at base; Se+R-+M is astrong vein which functions for the costa, and at the origin of media it bends abruptly toward the stigma; cubitus and Se+R+M are coalesced for a short dis- tance at the base of the wing ; the veins beyond and behind the stigma are nothing more than dark bands of color; the transverse part of media is almost entirely wanting; the radio-medial cross-vein, the base of the radial sector, the free part of R,, and the transverse part of M, are entirely wanting. The weakening of these veins is undoubtedly due to the thickening of the wing membrane. The second anal cell has been reduced, probably by the coalescence of the third anal with. the combined first and second anal. The base of R, is joined to the stigma by means of the radial cross-vein, as was fully described in the preceding pages. In the hind wings the costa is entirely wanting, t+ M is thickened and takes the place of costa; the cubitus and the remainder of the veins are only lines of color; the second anal is entirely wanting; the third anal is preserved as a very delicate line. So far as their wings are concerned the presence of the second anal cell in the front wings is the only structure that would place the genus Oryssus in the superfamily Tenthredinoidea. In their form and topography they are much more like the higher Hymenoptera than the other Tenthredinoidea. It stands at the summit of special- ization, so faras this group is concerned, as an extreme isolated line ot development. VII.—_SUMMARY. In the course of the study presented in the preceding pages the fol- lowing topics have been discussed: 1. An historical consideration of those investigations that have had to do with the development of a uniform nomenclature for the wing veins of all orders. 2. It has been shown how the complex hymenopterous wing has been developed from a wing of the simplest type. 3. How the apex of vein R, has been gradually pulled away from the wing margin to form an appendiculate cell. no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRAY. 647 4. The progressive coalescence of the base of media and radius toward the middle of the wing and, coordinated with this, the progres- sive migration of the medio-cubital cross-vem toward the point of separation of radius and media to form a transverse support for the stigma. 5. How all the types of anal cells found in the superfamily Ten- thredinoidea have been developed from the form of this area found in the generalized families. 6. The veins of the hind wing have been homologized with those of the front wing and all the marked modifications occurring in the superfamily discussed. 7. An attempt has been made to show that all the modifications in wing topography are directly dependent on the efficiency of the wing as an organ of flight, and that this efticiency is due to the arrangement of the veins in such a manner as to stiffen the areas of the wing sub- ject to the greatest stress. 8. The venational distinction of the Tenthredinoidea from the other superfamilies of the Hymenoptera has been pointed ou’. %, The distinctive characters of the families of the Tenthredinoidea have been considered in detail and their phylogenetic importance indicated. % 10. The loss of the base of the radial sector and its bearing on the homology of the veins of the wings of the higher Hymenoptera has been discussed. 11. A classification of the superfamily Tenthredinoidea is given. The sequence of the families and subfamilies, whether generalized or specialized, has been determined by a genealogical study of the differ- ent structural modifications of the wings. 12. Analytical tables are given for separating the families of the superfamily Tenthredinoidea and of the subfamilies of the family Tenthredinide. These tables are based on venational characters alone, and are examples of the value of such studies as the one given in the preceding pages. 13. Front and hind wings of all the generalized genera and examples selected from the numerous other groups are figured and their wing veins homologized. 14. All previous classifications have been based on recognition characters and are therefore likely to be artificial. Great use has been made of the form of the antenne and claws, modifications that have arisen independently several times. The foregoing investigation is only a beginning of what needs to be done. Phylogenetic studies should be made of all those structural parts that will indicate anything as to the complete genealogy of the group. Two such regions are the mouth parts and the structure of the thorax. 648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE FAMILIES OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA. a. Front wings with the free part of vein R, present .........-....---.- XYELIDA aa. Front wings with the free part of vein R, always wanting. b. Front wings with the base of subcosta present as a distinct vein... -- LY DIDE bb. Front wings with the base of subcosta wanting, if present, only as a pale indis- tinct line; the subcosta is represented only by the free part of the vein Sc,, which is like a cross-vein near the apex of the costal area, and even this is sometimes wanting. c. Front wings with the radial cross-vein ending in the cell R,, very rarely in the cell R,; the medio-cubital cross-vein joined to the vein Sc+R+M or to the vein M; if joined to the vein M, the transverse part of the vein M not more than one-sixth the length of the cross-vein. d. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein joining media distinctly beyond the point of separation of radius and media; the cell Ist R,+R, blunt at apex; the veins surrounding the front margin of the cell M, in thepformoiarsem circle mee sees eee eee eee BLASTICOTOMID 4 dd. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein either joined to the vein Se+R--M or to the vein M in the angle between radius and media; the cell 1st R,+-R, always pointed at apex; the veins surrounding the front margin of the cell M, never semicircular but always with prominent anglestbelore= 62 =. =. s53) aeons l-ei seen ssacie ee TENTHREDINIDE ec. Front wings with the radial cross-vein ending in the cell R;, rarely in the cell R,; and, if so, with the medip-cubital cross-vein joining media distinctly beyond the radius and subequal in length to the transverse part of media. d. Front wings with the transverse part of the vein M, present. e. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein subequal in length with the transverse part of media; the portion of the radial sector between the stigma and the anterior end of the radio-medial cross-vein always distinctly less than the portion between this cross-vein and the posterior end of the radial cross-vein, or when the radial cross-vein is wanting, less than the portion between the radio-medial cross-vein and the anterior end of the free part of the vein R,, resulting in the apex of the cell R extending but little bevond the base of the cell Ist R,, or if the radio- medial cross-vein be wanting, the cell R+R,; extending but little beyond the apex of the cell Ist R,. f. Front wings with the free part of the vein Sc, present and situated near the point of the separation of radius and media; the base of media extending longitudinally and separating from radius distinctly before the anterior end of the medio-cubital cross-vein; the radio-medial cross-vein, when present, transverse and not appearing as the base of the nadialisectornmes-seseeee ene ee eee eioe seers XIPHYDRIID ff. Front wings with the free part of the vein Sc, wanting; the base of media extending transversely and separating from radius either oppo- site or beyond the anterior end of the medio-cubital cross-vein; the radio-medial cross-vein oblique and appearing as the base of the radial sector. g. Front wings with the area between costa and the vein Se+R+M hardly more than a line; the cell 2d R,+R, of both wings either appendiculate or extending to the apex of the wing; the free part of the vein M,+Cu, joined to the cell Ist A near its base, never more than twice the length of the free part of the second anal vein! tromulteibasemen ese ae eee ee eee ee eee eee SIRICID& no. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MACGILLIVRA Y. 649 gg. Front wings with the area between costa and the vein Sc--R+M broad and distinct; the cell 2d R,+R, of the front wings and cell Ri+2 of the hind wings never appendiculate, never reaching the apex of the wing, and bluntly rounded at apex; the free part of the vein M,+Cu, joined to the cell 1st A near its apex, over three times the length of the free part of the vein 2d A from its base. MEGALODONTID ee. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein joined to media at or near its point of separation from radius, never less than three and usually four or five times the length of the transverse part of media; the portion of the radial sector between the stigma and the anterior end of the radio-medial cross-vein subequal to or greater, usually greater, than the portion between this cross-vein and the posterior end of the radial cross- vein, resulting in the apex of the cell R extending to near the apex of Gellll He ei hoe Soa caoeebe Rn AoU seecane San MoUT ee poe eee nose CEPHIDA dd. Front wings with the transverse part of the vein M, wanting. .ORYSSIDE TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE TENTHREDINID. a. Front wings always with the first and frequently with both first and second anal cells present. &. Front wings with the second anal cell contracted at middle. c. Front wings with the free part of the second anal vein present. d. Radial cross-vein present. e. Front wings with the free part of the vein R,; present and the cells R, and R, therefore separate. jf. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein and the vein M,+, ara cl eeeeees Sete Nase aes ae yes oO ee Sas tee Sue EMPHYTIN® ff. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein and the vein My+, stronplysdiversentibehind Sense oases see o se ae oe PHYLLOTOMINE ee. Front wings with the free part of the vein R,; wanting, so that the cells Ranier shes Uni Le Gn ees ese aeee tn eee eee se aera Sa DoLERIN® deal adiailscross=v.elaie wy cuniitiia ye sese et ayeerae vets stopyerere re = = es aye ome LopHYRIN# cc. Front wings with the free part of the second anal vein wanting. -SELANDRIN® bb. Front wings with the second anal cell not contracted at middle. c. Radial cross-vein present. d. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein joined to the vein Sc-+R-++M ator near the origin of media, its distance from media always less than one-half the length of the cross-vein. e. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein and the vein M,+, parallel. jf. Front wings with the base of the third anal vein present and the second anal cell therefore not combined with the third ...Lycaorin® i?. Front wings with the base of the third anal vein atrophied or at least in part so that the second and third anal cells are combined. BLENNOCAMPIN © e. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein and the vein M3+4 strongly divergent behind. J. Hind wings with the vein R, reaching the margin distinctly before the apex of the wing; the cell Ri+. pointed at apex and closed. SCOLIONEURINE 7. Hind wings with the vein R, reaching the margin at or beyond the apex of the wing; the cell Ri+z round at apex and open ...FENUSIN® dd. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein joined to the vein Se+R+M distant from the origin of media; its distance from media always one-half or more of the length of the cross-vein. 650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, e. Front wings with the base of the third anal vein present and the second anal cell therefore not combined with the third. f. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein and the vein Ms3+4 par- allel, or at least not divergent behind. g. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein and the vein M3¥+4 parallel; media separating from radius at the base of the cell M,; the radio-medial cross-vein rarely, if ever, wanting; hind wings with the cell Ri+2 extending to the apex of the wing. ...TENTHREDININ © gg. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein and the vein Ms+4 strongly divergent before; media separating from radius at or near the middle of the cell M,; the radio-medial cross-vein always want- ing; hind wings with the cell Ri+2 ending a considerable distance beforethelapexiote thenwing ese seeeecre eee eee cee CIMBICINE i. Front wings with the medio-cubital cross-vein and the vein Ms+4 strongly divergent behind. 222.3225 .52- 2622 se HopLocaMPIN® ee. Front wings with the base of the third anal vein atrophied and the second and third anal cells therefore united........-------- DINEURIN cc. Radial cross-vein wanting. : d. Front wings with the third and combined first and second anal veins anas- tomosed at middle for a short distance, the length of the coalescence always being less than the length of the second anal cell. e. Hind wings with the vein R, reaching the margin before the apex of the wing; the cell Ri+z pointed at apex and closed ----...------- CLADIUN® ee. Hind wings with the vein R, reaching the margin at the apex of the wing; the cell Ri+e broad at apex and open ..--..--.----- Monocrentn ® dd. Front wings with the third and combined first and second anal veins anastomosed at middle for a considerable distance, the coalescence being two or three times the length of the second anal cell or the second anal cell wanting or combined with the third anal cell. e. Front wings with the portion of the free part of M, situated between the apex of the vein Ms+4 and the basal end of the medial cross-vein always more than one-half, usually subequal, and frequently greater in length than the free part of the vein M,, causing the cell M, to appear distinctly longer longitudinally than transversely; the free part of the vein M,+ Cu, perpendicular to the first anal vein, if oblique, inclined toward the apex of the wing. *. Front wings with the free part of the vein Sc, present. g. Front wings with the cell Ri+z, never appendiculate, closed at apex and not reaching the apex of the wing --.----. .-------- NEMATINE gg. Front wings with the cell Ri+2 appendiculate at apex or open, never closed at the wing margin before the apex of the wing. HyYLOTOMIN ff. Front wings with the free part of the vein Sc, always wanting. ScHIZOCERIN © ee. Front wings with the portion of the free part of the vein M; and the basal end of the medial cross-vein always less than one-half and gener- ally not more than one-fourth or one-fifth the length of the free part of the vein M,, causing the cell M, to appear longer transversely than longitudinally; the free part of the vein M,+Cu, oblique and always inclined toward the base of the wing ..-.--..------------- PERREYIINE aa. Front wings always with both the first and second anal cells wanting. b. Front wings with the free part of the vein M,+Cu, distinctly beyond the pos- terior end of the medio-cubital cross-vein. c. Hind wings with the cell Ri+: distinctly appendiculate. e = NO. 1438. WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MacGILLIVRAY. 651 d. Hind wings with the free part of the vein M, subequal in length with the PEC PAL OlstNe sVCIME My eieiert oe eee as ase cioaic cn 2's. Ss <5 SS aa INCALINE dd. Hind wings with the free part of the vein M, three or four times the length Of the ireetpaniombmenvein We cote c octet eee bane aie LoBocerRIn © cc. Hind wings with the cell Ri+2 never appendiculate, but open at apex. bb. d. Front wings with the cell Ri+, not appendiculate; hind wings with the portion of the vein Rs+M forming the base of the cell Ri+2 transverse. ACORDULACERIN © dd. Front wings with the cell Ri+z, appendiculate; hind wings with the portion of the vein Rs-++-M forming the base of the ceil Ri+2 longitudinal. PTERYGOPHORIN® Front wings with the free part of the vein M,+-Cu, interstitial with the medio- cubital cross-vein, at most not more than the width of the vein beyond the ROCHE, CRDi eames met pet eee wr Se yee ie ee a aes ete aie niaeeet Soe ea PERGINE LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Ist A =First anal vein. | m-cu =Medio-cubital cross-vein. 2d A =Second anal vein. lek =Stem of radius. 3d A =Third anal vein. lr =Radial cross-vein. C =Costa. R, =First branch of radius. ct =Contraction in second anal R, =Second branch of radius. cell. 1B =Third branch of radius. Cu =Stem of cubitus. Ry =Fourth branch of radius. Cu, ' =First branch of cubitus. 1 =Fifth branch of radius. Cu, =Second branch of cubitus. rf = Radial furrow. M =Stem of media. Rs = Radial sector. m = Medial cross-vein. | R--M =Combined stems of radius M, =First branch of media. and media. M, =Second branch of media. r-m * =Radio-medial cross-vein. M, =Third branch of media. R+S8e, =Combined radial stem and M, = Fourth branch of media. second branch of sub- Mi+e =Stem of the first and second costa. branches of media. 8 =Stigma. Mz 44 =Stem of the third and fourth Se =Stem of subcosta. branchas of media. Se, =First branch of subcosta. M,+Cu, =Combined fourth medial and Se, =Second branch of subcosta. first cubital branches. Sc+R+M=Combined stems of subeosta, M,-+Ri+5 =Combined first medial and radius, and media. fourth and fifth radial sp =Secondary spur. branches. sv =Spring vein. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. ~ Prats XXI. Fic. 21. Wing of Pantarbes capito. 22. Wing of Erax furax. 23. Wing of Tabanus lineola. 24. Wing of Scenopinus fenestralis. 25. Wing of Rhamphomyia sp. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol Fig. Fia. Fic. Fia. TG: Fia. HIG. 5 Ok 35. 36. » XXIX. Puate XXII. . Wing of Musca domestica. . Wing of Conops affinis. . Wing of Midas militaris. . Front wing of Nemoura completa. . Front wing of Teniopteryx frigida. Puate XXIII. . Wings of Megaxyela major. 2. Wings of Odontophyes avinigrata. . Wings of Macroxyela ferruginea. Prater XXIV. Wings of Manoxyela sp. Wings of Xyela juli. Wings of Neurotoma fasciata. PLATE X XV. . Wings of Lyda erythrocephala. . Wings of Cxnolyda semidea. 9. Wings of Pamphilius pallimacula. PLATE X XVI. . Wings of Itycorsia hieroglyphica. . Wings of Bactroceros depressus. . Wings of Cephaleia abietis. PLatE XX VII. 3. Wings of Liolyda frontalis. . Wings of Blasticotoma filiceti. . Wings of Lophyrus sp. PLuaTe XXVIII. . Wings of Emphytus balteatus. . Wings of Eriocampu ovata. . Wings of Pseudosiobla excavata. PLaTE X XIX. . Wings of Dolerus thomsoni. . Wings of Stromboceros signarius. . Wings of Strongylogaster cingulatus. PLaTtH XXX. . Wings of Eriocampoides xthiops female. 3. Wings of Eriocampoides varipes male. . Wings of Phyllotoma vagans. wo.1438, WINGS OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MAcGILLIVRAY. 65 Fia. Fig. 58. 59. Wings of Trichiosoma lucorum . Wings of Clavellaria amerine. ine. Fia. Hires Gs Fic. INE, ies Fic. Puate XX XI. Wings of Lycaota sodalis. . Wings of Tenthredo flava. . Wings of Macrophya albicincta. Prats X XXII. Wings of Pachyprotasis rape. Puate X XXIII. . Wings of Hoplocampa ferruginea. 2. Wings of Hemichroa americana. Wings of Dineura geeri. PLateE XXXIV. . Wings of Mesoneura opaca. . Wings of Pseudodineura hepatice. . Wings of Cladius pectinicornis. PuaTE XXXYV. . Wings of Monoctenus juniper. . Wings of Pteronus pavidus. . Wings of Periclista melanocephala. PuaTeE XXXVI. Wings of Rhadinocerea reitter’. . Wings of Phymatocera aterrima. . Wings of Blennocampa alternipes. Puate XXXVII. . Wings of Kaliosysphinga dohrnii. . Wings of Fenusa pygmea. . Wings of Scolioneura betuleti. Piate XX XVIII. . Wings of Hylotoma virescens. . Wings of Pachylota audowinii. . Wings of Labidarge dibapha. PLaTE XX XIX. . Wings of Dielocerus formosus. . Wings of Perreyia vitellina. . Wings of Pterygophorus cinctus. PuatTe XL. . Wings of Loboceras frater. . Wings of Acordulecera sp. . Wings of Perga sp. r 3 654 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Prater XLI. Fic. 85. Wings of Yiphydria maculata. 86. Wings of Paururus cyaneus. 87. Wings of Sirex californicus. PruatTEe X LIT Fie. 88. Wings of Sirex albicornis. 89. Wings of Xeris spectrum. 90. Wings of Teredon latitarsis. 91. Wings of Tremex columba. Puate XLII. Fre. 92. Wings of Megalodontes spissicornis. 93. Wings of Janus integer. 94. Wings of Janus abbreviatus. PuatTe XLIV. . Wings of Macrocephus satyrus. . Wings of Cephus pygmeus. . Wings of Oryssus abietinus. oOo O ~1 o> ON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXI Se 7st A Cutz : Niue h, R, 2D Cu,+ 16¢ 4 Wat Ou, SS Cu, iat A Cu, I, 2 25 Y, WU) y Cu, +1sf A + Cu, WINGS OF PANTARBES, ERAX, TABANUS, SCENOPINUS, AND RHAMPHOMVIA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 651, Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——-43 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXII paste ecu, Se hi % 1 WINGS OF Musca, Conops, MIDAS, NEMOURA, AND TANIOPTERYX. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 652, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM + PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXIII WINGS OF MEGAXYELA, ODONTOPHYES, AND MACROXYELA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 652. ' re ; ; i \ \ : \ - \i of U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXIV WINGS OF MANOXYELA, XYELA, AND NEUROTOMA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 652. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXV WINGS OF LYDA, CANOLYDA, AND PAMPHILIUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 652. < 2 7 - a oe > : a?) 5 = ’ oo i < _ fia) = > i 7 > ‘ 2 . ~ - . 7 Z P ‘ aerC) U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXVI 7 ‘R, +M, / Rass +M, y Ol M 3 M,* 1st M, Se, RrSeane 2 R ( 1 SNe R + 7 4 WINGS OF ITYCORSIA, BACTROCEROS, AND CEPHALEIA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 652. 5. <- . ’ : § an A 4 i 73 ' - i ; ioe 1g Ss 1 ei , U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXVII sy M. Ist / WINGS OF LIOLYDA, BLASTICOTOMA, AND LOPHYRUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 652, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXVIII ce Vw, Tia. +H, eee 46 3d A WINGS OF EMPHYTUS, ERIOCAMPA, AND PSEUDOSIOBLA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 652. - od aL) U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXIX Se+R+M M,+ 1stM, M,+Cu R, e+ RM oe - 4 WINGS OF DOLERUS, STROMBOCEROS, AND STRONGYLOGASTER. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 652. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05———44. 4 > o ee OC TN ee ee U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXX Rh, Aes Se yatee Re Lp Bp TX Rie tl, ey 2 Z sti, / WINGS OF ERIOCAMPOIDES AND PHYLLOTOMA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 652. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXXI odA iS ae a eS i, + 1stM, Se. R, Y. 5 “ fi, +i, Ryisth M, WINGS OF LYCAOTA, TENTHREDO, AND MACROPHYA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 653. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXXII We 2d R, +R, ap y Cus Cu, J 2d 4. LA > C+ Se +8¢ ~ —S u Riss Lie STEN M, + IstM, Se: R —— WINGS OF PACHYPROTASIS, TRICHIOSOMA, AND CLAVELLARIA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 653. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX!IX PL. XXXiIll R55 +M, WINGS OF HOPLOCAMPA, HEMICHROA, AND DINEURA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 653. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXXIV Tinie +M, Rais +M, M, WINGS OF MESONEURA, PSEUDODINEURA, AND CLADIUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 653. ~ U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXXV Ryi5 +H, WINGS OF MONOCTENUS, PTERONUS, AND PERICLISTA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 693. \ 7 rr t 7 7 fa 7 4, ea ae \ : * i 1 i 7 7 r ° \ 7) 5 = e U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXXVI R, Ist Ra ae Se M+ 1st M, EY: WINGS OF RHADINOCERA:A, PHYMATOCERA, AND BLENNOCAMPA., FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 653. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXXVII \ 5 } rons {_R 5 5 Rh, fp 5 | ve. +MY Va { Rais +I, . rs oe i Lip ba +H, M, WINGS OF KALIOSYSPHINGA, FENUSA, AND SCOLIONEURA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 653. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——+45 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXXVIII M, WINGS OF HYLOTOMA, PACHYLOTA, AND LABIDARGE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 653. a) U - , : i 7 oa ee . a ee : ik - ® s of . a | x. palate pe A acs , 6 f bs 4 Sa'd 1 DAs ©, a ee v1 ara ste A TW cigtiy ane \ e e / ¢ . ‘ U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XXXIX ie, +M,+ 1stM, Se 2 Sy t te +M, WINGS OF DIELOCERUS, PERREYIA, AND PTERYGOPHORUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 653. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XL oe af, ge +M, M, one a OM It ponent eM. uM, WINGS OF LOBOCERAS, ACORDULECERA, AND PERGA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 653. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XLI VW, : 2 ae eae aes +M, _ oe — _ = U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XLII! pee a ii tay 5 +, M, Rass +H, WINGS OF MEGALODONTES AND JANUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 654. _ = U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XLIV WINGS OF MACROCEPHUS, CEPHUS, AND ORYSSUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 654. A NEW BLATTOID FROM THE CRETACEOUS FORMATION OF NORTH AMERICA.“ By Anton HANDLIRSCH, Adjunct Curator of the Royal Imperial Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria. During the summer of 1903, while members of the U. 5. Geological Survey were investigating the Judith River beds of the Upper Cre- taceous of Montana, the following very interesting blattoid was discovered; | STANTONIA, new genus. STANTONIA CRETACEA, new species. Description.— Front wing 20 mm. long, nearly elliptical, and three and one-third times as long as wide. Costal area reduced, reaching two-fifths the length of the wing, and without distinct veins, lancet shaped. Radius extending in an almost straight course to the tip of the wing and with its eight more or less compound branches, which STANTONIA CRETACEA. are directed obliquely forward, taking up nearly half the surface of the wing. Parallel with the radius runs a second principal vein, from which three simple and two compound branches are sent off backward, part striking the apical border and part the inner margin. [am not in a position to determine whether these veins pertain to the media @Translated from the German by Lucy Peck Bush, librarian and assistant, geo- logical department, Yale University Museum. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIX—No. 1439. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05-——46 655 656 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, and the cubitus or only to the latter; still it seems to me the most probable that the first four veinlets belong to the media and the last six to the cubitus. Or, is it possible that the media has entirely disap- peared? The anal area is long and narrow, three and one-half times as long as high, and occupies almost two-fifths the length of the wing; its veins run parallel with the posterior margin, and nearly all end on the suture. The veins are remarkably stout. I was not able to dis tinguish accessory or cross veins. This highly specialized blattoid form is the first that has been found in the Cretaceous formation, and may well be regarded as the type of a distinct family. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35389, U.S.N.M. Locality.—The genus is named in honor of Dr. T. W. Stanton, of the U. S. Geological Survey, who collected the type specimen in the Judith River beds of the Upper Cretaceous, at Willow Creek, Mon- tana, where it was found associated with the fossil plants described by Dr. F. H. Knowiton in Bulletin No. 257 of the U.S. Geological Survey. ON SOME BATS OF THE GENUS RHINOLOPHUS, COL- GECLEDS bY DEW: kL. ABBOTT IN THE ISLANDS OF NIAS AND ENGANO. By Knup ANDERSEN. The authorities of the United States National Museum have intrusted me with the identification of a series of Horseshoe Bats lately collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in Sumatra, Nias, and Engano. The present paper deals with the Rhinolophi only. The //ipposideri will be worked out together with the British Museum material of that genus. RHINOLOPHUS CIRCE, new species. Diagnosis.—Closely related to RA. sumatranus,” but smaller. Fore- arm 45.2-49 mm. Remarks.—Horseshoe, sella, connecting process, lancet, and ears as in Rh. sumatranus, but forearm, metacarpals, and phalanges shorter. The subjoined table of measurements’ shows the details. Skull of the 2A. swmatranus pattern, but on the whole slightly more slenderly built. Dentition as in the Sumatra representative: p, external to the tooth-row; p, and p, generally in contact, sometimes slightly separated; p” in row. Type.—Male adult (in alcohol, originally in formalin). Nias. Col- lected by Dr. W. L. Abbott (mo. 4094). Cat. No. 141348, U.S.N.M. Specimens examined.—Eight (6 male adults, 2 female adults), all from the type locality. Skulls of + specimens. RHINOLOPHUS CALYPSO K. Andersen. The species was based on two examples collected in Engano by Dr. K. Modigliani, and preserved in the British Museum.’ The fine series (2 male adults, + female adults, Nov. 17, 1904,) obtained on the same “Knud Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1905, II, pp. 183-134 (Oct. 17, 1905). >For explanation of measurements see Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XVI, p. 248, footnote (August, 1905). ¢Knud Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1905, II, pp. 134-135, pl. rv, figs. 19 a, b, ¢ (Oct. 17, 1905}. = s z : : PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXIX—No. 1440. 658 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. island by Doctor Abbott confirm the original diagnosis and description, and enables me to point out, with more confidence, the distinguishing characters of the species. 22). calypso differs from Ph. sumatranus chiefly in the following respects: The horseshoe is broader, 9.6—-10.2 mm. (in swnatranus 8.2-8.3); the sella broader, at base 2.7 (in swma- tranus 2), immediately above the expansion 2.2 (in swmatranus 1.8); the ears larger. In one example p, is almost quite in row, an individual variation (or, if preferred, reversion to a more primitive stage) which I hith- erto had not seen in this species or its closest allies (swmatranus, acuminatus), but which certainly was to be expected; in all other individuals examined this small tooth is external to the row. RHINOLOPHUS TRIFOLIATUS NIASENSIS, new subspecies. Diagnosis.—Similar to the typical RA. trifoliatus, but with longer tail. Remarks.—\n 14 specimens of RA. trifoliatus, from Lower Siam, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and N. Borneo, the length of the tail varies between 29.3 and 36 mm.; in the only Nias specimen obtained by Doctor Abbott it measures 40 mm. In other respects, cranial, dental, and external, the Nias form is indistinguishable from the typical form of RA. trifoliatus. Type.—Female adult (in alcohol, originally in formalin). Nias, March 15, 1905. Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott (no. 4088). Cat. No. 141350, U.S.N.M. GENERAL REMARKS. From Sumatra the following species of 2?//nolophus are known to me: Rh. affin’s superans, Rh. sumatranus, Rh. trifoliatus typicus. From Nias. — RA. Cire. eye: trifoliatus NLASENSTS. From Engano.—/?h. calypso. Rh. sumatranus, Rh. ciree, and Rh. calypso, together with 2h. acu- minatus (Java) and Rh. acuminatus audar (Lombok), form a small, well defined section of the RA. lepidus group. As will be observed from the above, the Nias and Engano representatives of this section are specifically different from the Sumatra representative, and also specifically different ¢nter se. The only other Rhinolophus as yet recorded from these small islands (/2/. ¢. nZasensis) is so exceedingly like the typical ¢7Zfol/atus that, for the present at least, I do not think it advisable to separate it as a distinct ‘*species;” the small difference in the length of the tail pointed out above may ultimately prove to be indicative of an average difference only. But the total result, that the three Rhinolophi as yet known from Nias and Engano are either spe- cifically or subspecifically different from the Sumatra species, is worth noticing. , No. 1440. | BATS FROM NIAS AND BENG ANO—. { NDERSEN. 659 Aiea | Re einen US. Rh. circe. Rh. calypso. Rh. trifoliatus. mae | | f ae niasen- art. EAA ; SP een Sos . | forma typica. Sis. Zspecimens, | Sspecimens, | Sepeclimens, | is speciaens, [Female | | 12 skulls. adult | | | | type. | Mini- | Maxi- | Mini- | Maxi- | Mini- | Maxi- | Mini- | Maxi- /mum.) mum. | mum.) mum.) mum. | mum.) mum. |) mum. ee | Res a) l | iy Ear: mm, mm, nun, MUN, min. num. nun, mM, mn, en plies asics = cee ce 18.7 US aly 19 19 21.5 22 26 24 Greatest breadth .....-. 14.3 eon eal 115) 16 Were 17 19, 2 17.5 Breadth of horseshoe... ...-. 8.2 8.3 | 8 8.5 9.6 10. 2 10.5 12.6 | ila) HOLCATIMNIE see eer eee te eee 51 BLED) |! = 4552 49 49 52.8 | 47 55 52.2 Mhirdimetacarpall=--.--.4-- 30. 2 36.8 | 32 34. 2 35 38.3 30.5 37 35.7 10 (es se Sie ag ene eee ere eae 15. 2 [6500 |aels 14.8 13.8 15.8 17.8 22.3 20.8 1101) Cee Seed seme re are 20 Ne mele 19.3 18.2 DiS 25 31 28.8 Fourth metaec arpal nae esos 37.2 38 82.5 39. 8 36 39.3 35. 5 42 40 4 TRV Ree 2 Sritaiedieetensruieeese 11 1S 8.7 10.2 9.3 10.8 10.5 13 13.1 LING oe tee he eRe 13 13.6 11 12 pA 13.8 14.8 20 18 Fifth metacarpal.........-.- Sip 38.3 33 35.8 36. 2 39.3 37 43.8 41.2 Vien ene re Re Sameera 1P Pr 10 11.2 10.8 11.8 11 1337 13.8 2 Pe OSE See a ne bios e Sie 13.7 14.6 IDEs 12.8 aa es 14 15 19.7 18.8 Taille see vcecscc cack = eee 25. 2 26.5 2155 24 5 26.5 29.3 36 40 WOWETIER Ss oasis sce sees e ss 22.5 22.5 19.7 22 20.6 2302 PRP © 2a VAP) HOO sasns ces cneeee ace sass 10.8 11 10.2 11.5 10.3 11.5 11.8 14.5 IG} Skull: Motalilen othe. see TUM. ST ATIONAL MU, — N ’ % EDINGS OF TIL CE. PRO 668 “URIUOAD( “puep}oog Jo sates ‘QUOJSPUBY SNOIIJLO[RO ‘QUOJSOUILT ULBJUNOTW ‘O[Bpalo K "BIJOOS BAON JO SolIos U0JIO = “(STROOD PUB ‘SoTBYS ‘So}BIDULO[SUOD) OUDDOT ‘QUOJSOUT'T IoTIquaery ‘sorBys yuNYO Younvyw = Ss ‘sey UOYRI0g oy (4 doUBpIODST ) a “yaRloO 22 | 3 “68 2 g ‘LT ‘solies suoyAT 1OMOT 2 ége ‘ise “yuOTATUUTIN? ao | ‘SOLIOS UOTJISUBL], JAMOT = | - YSTOLRy a= ‘YW 9U0 STU | (41%) ‘Setzes suoy AT todd 5 6G ‘LG (FL) “TIeAkos oF & | TUSION = ee = — = | =s | = . ‘O}BIOUIO[SUOD UOIBYS | =| Ure | | shoals as f Nave ‘ aphay ye ; Pave eae ; ae : | 0% ‘SeTBVYyg Sutssouanbouoy [-aaaepeyog] g JBL ‘SIINSvITT [BOD OMOT | f‘Z ‘Soles uoTTIsSuBIy, odd ‘UZ -dnory Ja0loW ee ‘souUUaTOUO[R ALS *pooMouLo HL , j = Al = : =| a a = | eS See S s ee = | = zg | MONLY bt, Le | 9 = ‘- | ; ‘98 GPE “UTE “08 (ir) | | a : | ‘86 “WO 1B0D “FZ‘9L'8 “a 1809 g ‘suruueyIy! pp) (igh) (TE) “Aueq soll | “WOYSOIBY) | = o os — ze Bs WO'LE'6'S “A 80D “qaodoorq | © =I ' ( “EGh EGE “2EE AGE “9G oer 5 A 2 = : Fras (OTP He ery StS ‘ os ‘SOINSBOPL UoldVg JOMOT) “WSNBUTIUOD | UOPXBIG, =| (-rapta.M uviueydoys | 030 ‘D “a 'V STBOD SOLIOS OJTOBIGIUV (-somnseayy | -0] ‘AxyueutM0/) : : yeop oAtjOnporg seddyQ) ‘“Bpoyesuouoy ‘gpuesell | 2,7 “IOpOsNy | joy JoMOT uBIUnINy | [g SuNnUB AA] ‘9 ‘paeyund [Suu Ad | =e | | leads = y | ee ee : ee SE = {|S Pewee oe ae 2 ee | ee 3 lies ; “ “UOLSol | SUOISIAIp UvedoIng UOLSaI 9LBIQIUY uolsed snoutunyiq urTyoRpeddy u1aqION | ueroepeddy peaquap [‘SONTRIOT JO ISI] SULOSo1O} 9Y} UL UIATS asoy} ov SdoquNU 9Y] ‘spuoyt pssof ay? fig paynjasion sp ‘saunsnayy joog wunriyonjodd y srs “UBIdISSISSTIY (snodayt | IOMO'T) “uRtluBaA[ASUUOd (‘snogeyruoqaey todd) ) No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 669 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE INSECTS AT PRESENT KNOWN FROM THE AMERICAN PALEOZOIC. The following pages contain an abridged characterization of the orders and families into which American Paleozoic insects are divided: further, an enumeration of all forms previously made known, with amended names and localities, as well as the descriptions of 137 new species from the collection of the U.S. National Museum and that of Mr. L. E. Daniels. In the treatment of the species already known, I have confined myself strictly to necessary critical observations and important references to literature. For detailed descriptions and figures of these species the reader is referred to my larger work, that will shortly appear; but for citations, to Scudder’s catalogue. The figures of the new species have all been prepared by myself with the aid of the camera lucida; hence are claimed to be accurate. All reconstructions have been completed chiefly in stippled lines only, perplexing details of the matrix, flaws, and other things not pertinent to the fossil being omitted. In the description of the neuration of the wing I have made use of the terminology proposed by Comstock and Needham merely for the principal veins (C=costa, Sc=subcosta, R=radius, Rs=radial sector, M=media, Cu=cubitus, A=anal), the homologies of which I have been able to determine in all recent and fossil insects. On the other hand, the branches of the main veins and the cross veins I have not been able to homologize; the numbers adopted, therefore, are of value only for the species concerned and have no higher morphological significance. My views on the system of recent insects have been already set forth in the publications of the Royal Imperial Academy of Vienna and in the Zoologischer Anzeiger (1904). OClass PTHRYGOGEHNEHA (Brauer) tan dlirseh: Order PALA“ODICTYOPTERA Goldenberg. Generally slenderly built insects, with + similar membranous wings which are independent of each other and move only in a vertical direc- tion, their veins almost exactly corresponding to those in the hypo- thetical type constructed by Comstock and Needham.“ Costa marginal, not branched; subcosta independent, not far removed from the costa, not furcate; radius simple, preserved to the tip; radial sector spring- ing forth from the radius more or less near to the base of the wing, and dividing in various ways, its branches mainly continuing obliquely to the apical border. Media and cubitus generally with a simple or slightly dichotomous anterior branch and a more strongly branching “See American Naturalist, 1898-1899. 670 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. inferior member; their branchlets are always more or less strongly arcuate and directed backward; anal veins always well developed, more or less branched and curved back to the inner margin; almost without exception, cross veins are abundantly developed and irregularly distrib- uted. Anal area neither separated by a fold nor enlarged by fanlike plaitings. Pterostigamata, cross folds, and intersections of the veins, as well as all other higher speciatizations occurring in recent insects, are wanting in all Paleeodictyoptera. The head is moderately large, with eyes distinctly developed and rather long simple antenne. Mouth parts fitted for chewing. Three similar thoracic segments, the first mostly with winglike pleurites. Abdomen sessile, slender, and uni- formly segmented; the sides of the segments often with persistent tracheal gills or similar processes. Legs homonomous, fitted for run- ning, with 3 to 4 tarsal joints. Eleventh segment with more or less long cerci. The larvee of the Paleodictyoptera were similar to the imago, and ves; they probably e developed their wings gradually without resting sta lived in the water as predaceous animals. This order is exclusively Paleozoic and includes the oldest fossil in- sects at present known. This fact, taken in connection with the very primitive organization, especially with the lack of all specialized structures, leads me to seek in the Paleeodictyoptera the ancestors of all other orders of insects. Family DICTYONEURID Handlirsch. I consider the genus Dictyoneura Goldenberg the type of this family. The wings of the Dictyoneuride are distinguished by a very irregular reticulate intercalary neuration, and have feebly divided principal veins. As a rule the radial sector, as well as the cubitus and the media, always separate into not more than from 4 to 6 branches. A group prevailing throughout the middle and upper parts of the Uppe “‘arboniferous of Europe. HAP LE @O PEE Sl Wrvie > cuilcdedere: HAPLOPHLEBIUM BARNESII Scudder. Haplophlebium barnesi ScuppER, Proc. Boston Soc., XI, 1867, p. 151; Geoi. Mag., IV, 1867, p. 386, pl. xvur, fig. 1. Dictyoneura haplophlebia GOLDENBERG, Fauna saraep. foss., I1, 1877, p. 16. Haplophlebium barnesii BRonantart, Fauna ent. terr. prin., 1893, p. 504, pl. 11, fies. 4, 5. Locality.—Sydney, Cape Breton. Allegheny stage / This fossil has been referred by Scudder to the protophasmids (orthopteroid Paleodictyoptera). No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS HANDLIRSCH. 671 MAMMIA, new genus. Costal border gently curved. Costal area narrow. Radius situated nearer the subcosta. Radial sector arising about in the middle of the wing. The media sends off its very strongly arcuate anterior branch just before the origin of the radial sector, which it approaches and then continues in a large curve backward. The posterior branch of the media again furcates at about the level of the origin of the radial sector. The cubitus is already divided very near the base of the wing, its branches, as well as the first anal vein, extending in a broad curve to the inner margin. The intercalary neuration consists of a close irregular network. MAMMIA ALUTACEA, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. The fragment, 24 mm. long, of a wing from 40 to 50 mm. in length. FHolotype.—Cat. No. 38829, U.S.N.M. Fic. 1.—MAMMIA ALUTACEA. Notwithstanding the incompleteness of this specimen I believe it possible to regard it as nearly related to the European Dictyoneuride. TITANODICTYA, new genus. TITANODICTYA JUCUNDA (Scudder). Titanophasma jucunda ScuppER, Proce. Amer. Acad., XX, 1885, p. 169. Dictyoneura jucunda Bronantart, Bull. Soe. Rouen (3), X XI, 1885, p. 62. Locality.—Campbells Ledge, near Pittston, Pennsylvania. Upper Transition group, near top of Pottsville. This form, as yet not figured, is closely allied to the genus Dictyo- neura Goldenberg. The genus 77tanophasma Scudder is different from Brongniart’s genus of the same name, and must therefore receive a new name. Seudder ranks this form, also, with the protophasmids. Hlolotype.—Cat. No. 38154, U.S.N.M. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05 47 Gia2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. GEREPHEMERA Scudder. GEREPHEMERA SIMPLEX Scudder. ScuppeEr, Geol. Mag., V, 1868, p. 174. Gerephemera simplex ScuppER, Devon. Insects, N. B., 1880, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 8, 8a. Gerephemera simplex Hacex, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, VIII (14), 1881, p. 277; Zool. Anz.; VI'I, 1885, p. 298. Gerephemera simplex BRONGNIART, Bull. Soc. Rouen (3), XXII, 1885, p. 56. Gerephemera simplex Braver, Anal. Hofmus. Wien, I, 1886, p. 111. Locality.—St. John, New Brunswick. Little River group; = ¢ Pottsville. This is one of the so-called Devonian insects which gave rise to the lively controversy between Scudder and Hagen. The former at first regarded it as an ephemerid, but later founded a distinct family upon it, whick he named ‘*Atocina,” and classed with the protopbasmids. Hagen, on the other hand, desired to make an odonate of the fossil at any cost, and sought to establish this view in several yery polemical writings, without, however, attaining the desired result. ™ my opinion, the specimen probably pertains as little to an ephe- merid as to an odonate or to a protophasmid, but is, however, a dic- tyoneurid-like form with very close, irregular intercalary veins. Family HYPERMEGETHID, new family. As type of this new family, I take an American form of Paleeodic- tyoptera, the gigantic wing of which, even though only half is pre- served, still shows a series of positive characters, which depart sufficiently from the previously mentioned families and disclose important differences in the entire organization of the animal. Costa marginal, costal area broad, radius simple, radial sector issu- ing from near the base, immediately after widely branched. Media and cubitus likewise forked near the base, and all crowded into the anterior half of the wing. Anal area not marked off, large, with 3 forked anal veins widely removed from one another and extending in long flat curves to the inner border. The narrow areas between the veins are bridged over by irregular cross veins; the wider ones are filled up with a quite irregular wide-meshed network. HYPERMEGETHES, new genus. Costal border almost straight, subcosta approaching close to the radius, so that the costal area attains a considerable width. Radius straight and probably not branched. Radial sector arising in about the first fourth of the length of the wing, and shortly after its origin immediately divided into a narrow fork. Media close to the radius and separated into a long, narrow fork just before the origin of the radial sector. Very near the base of the wing the cubitus is divided media to the middle of the wing without further division. Half the width of the wing is taken up by the three widely separated anal veins, the offshoots of which are forked and branch off backward. The costal area and the entire space below the cubital vein are very irregularly and coarsely reticulate, while the spaces between the other veins are bridged over by isolated cross veins. HYPERMEGETHES SCHUCHERTI, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. The basal half, 60 mm. long, of a wing about 120 mm. in leneth. Daniels collection. Reverse of holotype in the U. S. National Museum: Cat. No. 35575. Fig. 2.—HYPERMEGETHES SCHUCHERTI. Family LITHOMANTIDA, new family. In many respects, this group is closely allied to the Dictyoneuride, but differs in the less frequent cross veins pertaining to the intercalary venation, which are only occasionally reticulate. The branching of the principal veins is scarcely more abundant than in the Dictyoneu- ride, and as in that group we here find the familiar isolated anterior branch of the media and of the cubitus, the marginal costa, and the simple radius, whose sector sends off several divided branches back- ward. Also, the veins of the anal and cubital groups extending in gentle curves to the outer margin are here present as in the Dictyo- 674 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XIX. neuride. I would unite these groups were it not that in some known species, the form of the body differs strikingly from that of the dictyo- neurids. In any event, however, the two groups are closely related. The family Lithomantide, the type of which is Lethomantis car- bonaria Woodward, includes a number of beautiful forms from the middle and upper parts of the Upper Carboniferous of Europe, to which I now add two American species. — EURYTAINIA, new genus. Of this form there is, unfortunately, only a large portion of the mid- dle of the wing preserved. The anterior margin is rather strongly curved, the inner margin, on the contrary, is almost straight, so that one can infer a longer wing of nearly equal width. Costa, subcosta, and radius are separated by broad interspaces, and run nearly parallel, as does also the radial sector, which originates immediately back of the base of the wing, but which first widely branches in the apical half. The media extends in a long curve to the inner border and sends off its anterior branch far above the center of the wing. In contrast to most related forms, this branch dichotomizes. The inferior branch of the media divides into a number of branchlets, which are repeatedly bent. The long superior branch of the cubitus remains undivided, and forms a very long curve, while the lower branch of the cubitus separates into three veinlets, which like the anal veins extend in a flat curve to the outer margin. All interspaces are bridged over by numerous straight and close, mostly obliquely arranged cross veins. EURYTAENIA VIRGINIANA, new species. Locality. —Gibson Fork of Fifteen-mile Creek, above Decota, West Virginia, ‘‘60 feet above coal locality called *Keystone.’” Upper Pottsville; Lower Kanawha series. fx WENGE [SSR OS ASS Fig. 3.—EURYTA#NIA VIRGINIANA. Length of fragment preserved, 34 mm.; probable length of the entire @, 55 to 60 mm. Holotype.-—Cat. No. 25631, U.S.N.M. wing No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 675 EUR Ya EEMi@ Ee mE YX, men genus. In its wing veins this form exhibits great conformity to the slender winged dictyoneurids, but differs in the delicate and rather regular, straight, and nowhere intersecting cross veins. The wing is long and narrow, almost four times as long as broad, with nearly straight costal margin and gently arcuate posterior border. The subcosta extends about two-thirds the length of the wing and proceeds obliquely to the costa. The radius runs nearly parallel with the subcosta and later with the costa, remains simple, and bends somewhat backward before the end. The radial sector arises directly below the base, but. first divides in two-thirds the length of the wing into 2 branches, the superior of which forms 3 and the inferior 2 twigs. The long media sends out its isolated anterior branch above the first third of the length of the wing, and then separates in about the middle of the wing into a superior dichotomous and one inferior 3-parted branches. The undivided isolated superior branch of the cubitus issues immediately back of the base and stretches in a gently S-shaped curve to the pos- terior border, while the lower branch of this vein sends out backward successively 1 forked and 2 simple offshoots. The anal veins extend in curves to the outer margin. EURYTHMOPTERYX ANTIQUA, new species. Locality.—Pratt mines, near Birmingham, Alabama. Middle Potts- ville; Pratt group; 4 Sewell stage. Fic. 4. —EURYTHMOPTERYX ANTIQUA. Length of the wing, 50 mm. Very well preserved. [Tolotype.—Cat. No. 38707, U.S.N.M. Family LYCOCERCID.A), new family. According to my view, Brongniart described as Lithomantis gold- enberg? two specitically different forms, which in the increased branch- ing of the principal veins are sufliciently distinguished from Lithoman- fis and the other lithomantids. On the other hand, the intercalary venation is preserved, at least in part, as a close network, and recalls that of the dictyoneurids, with which, however, the forms named in 676 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOL. XXIX. the structure of their bodies do not agree. For this reason I have placed these two French forms in a new genus Lycocercus, which is to be regarded as the type of a distinct family. In all probability one of Seudder’s renowned ** Devonian insects” may also belong in this group. PLATEPHEMERA Seudder. PLATEPHEMERA ANTIQUA Scudder. ScuppEr, Devon. Insects, N. B., 1865, p. 1. Platephemera antiqua ScuppEr, Canad. Nat., n. s., III, 1867, p. 205, fig. 2; Anniv. Mem. Boston Soc., 1880, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 9, 10. Platephemera antiqua HaGEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., VIII, 1881, p. 276. 999 Palephemera antiqua ScupperR, Mem. Boston Soe., III, 1885, p. 323. Locality. St. John, New Brunswick. Little River group; = ¢ Pottsville. Scudder sought to demonstate that this wing could only belong to an ephemerid-like insect; but Hagen strenuously opposed this view, emphatically declaring the fossil to be an odonate of the family Gom- phide. On the other hand, Eaton conceded a measure of accuracy to Seudder’s opinion, yet Brauer thought that comparison could also be made with the wings of certain mantids, blattids, and locustids, but finally expressed himself in favor of Hagen’s view. Brongniart again agreed with Scudder, who, however, later departed from his former opinion and raised the fossil to the type of a distinct family, which he wrongly named ‘* Palephemeride,” and brought into relation with the ‘‘orthopteroid” protophasmids, yet placed it in the **neuropte- roid” Paleodictyoptera. In my opinion, all the authors mentioned are wrong, and //ate- phemera belongs to the true Paleodictyoptera. Not only the direc- tion of the main veins declares in favor of this view, but also the intercalary venation. Family HOMOTHETIDZ Scudder. This family was originally founded by Scudder on a fossil insect from the Little River group, which undoubtedly belongs to the true Paleodictvoptera. Later this author placed a large number of unre- lated forms in this group. In its shape the wing recalls the forms allied to //omovoptera Brongniart, from the Stephanian of Commentry. The costa is mar- ginal, the subcosta not very far removed from it, and preserved nearly to the tip. Radius vaulted like the subcosta, not branched. Radial sector issuing near the base of the wing, with 3 or 4 oblique branches directed backward. Media probably divided near the base into 2 laree, doubly forked branches, which are arched as they extend No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 677 backward. To all appearance the cubitus had an isolated, long, sim- ple superior branch and a forked inferior branch, both arcuate and directed backward. Anal veinsalso curved and stretching posteriorly. Anal area neither defined nor ample. Cross veins probably simple and straight, irregularly distributed, and not reticulate. = OMviOvwsEleavwS: Seudder: HOMOTHETUS FOSSILIS Scudder. ScuppeErR, Devon. Insects, N. B., 1865, p. 1. FHomothetus fossilis ScuppER, Canad. Nat. (2), III, 1867, p. 205, pl. m1; Anniv. Mem. Boston Soc., 1880, p. 17, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2. Homothetus fossilis HAGEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., VIII, 1881, p. 278. Locality.—St. John, New Brunswick. Little River group; = ¢ Pottsville. According to Scudder, the Homothetide unite the genuine neurop- teres with the pseudoneuropteres, an assumption for which the pres- ent fossil, however, offers very little support. Hagen and Brauer considered //omothetus a sialid; Brongmart, on the contrary, an ephemerid. Personally I have no doubt that this form also belongs to the true Paleeodictyoptera. Family HEOLIDA, new family. I here class an American form, which in the structure of the wing differs sufficiently from the European homoiopterids, so that the exist- ence of essential differences in the structure of the body can be also inferred. In form the wing is more elongated and pointed, with gently arcuate costal border and uniformly rounded inner margin. The anal portion is not broadened. The branches of the radial sector advance far out to the apex, and those of the cubitus as well as of the anal veins con- tinue in gentle curves to the posterior margin. The cross veins are delicate, widely separated, and occasionally branched. HEOLUS, new genus. Wing pointed, its costal margin slightly curved and its inner border strongly and uniformly arched, about three times as long as broad. Costal area running out to a point and moderately wide. The sub- costa attains three-fourths the length of the wing and fuses in the costa. Radius simple, reaching to the apex and not far removed from the subcosta. The radial sector originates in about one-third the length of the wing and diverges widely from the radius; its. first branch arises quite a distance back of the center of the wing, and 1s divided into 4 twigs; the + following simple branches are parallel with each other and directed obliquely backward. The superior branch of 678 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. the media issues somewhat above the middle of the wing and forms a large curve with a small terminal fork. ‘The inferior branch separates into 2 or (4) 3 veinlets; then follows a strongly vaulted vein, which in its last third divides into 2 wide forks, and issues either from the entire cubitus or only from its superior branch. Further on there is then seen a similarly curved vein with a short, broad terminal fork; this may pertain to the inferior branch of the cubitus or to the first anal vein. Beyond this still another vein is visible, which runs off in a nearly horizontal curve to the inner border, and forms a small forked end after it had sent off a larger branch obliquely backward and out- ward; finally, a simple arcuate vein may be seen. Both the latter are anal veins. To all appearance about 5 to 6 anal veins may have been present. The wide interspaces between the branches of the medial, cubital, and anal veins are very striking; all the intervals are bridged over by delicate, somewhat undulating, and occasionally branched cross veins running in an oblique direction. HEOLUS PROVIDENTIAZA, new species. ‘ Locality.—East Providence, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; Alle- gheny or Conemaugh stage. Fig. 5.—HEOLUS PROVIDENTI®. Length of the well-preserved fragment, 40 mm.; probable length of the entire wing, 50 mim. [Tolotype.—Cat. No. 38700, U.S.N.M. family POLYCREAGRID.“, new family. I establish this family on a beautiful, large paleeodictyopteran wing from North America, which in respect to the structure and copious branching of the principal veins recalls the spilapterids of Europe; in the form of the anal area, on the contrary, it appears more like Lam- proptilia, and in the furcation of the medial and cubital veins calls the dictyoneurids to mind. POLYCREAGRA, new genus. Wing broadest at the base and of subtriangular form, fully three times as long as wide, with distinctly curved anterior margin. Costa | No. 1441, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 679 marginal. Subcosta attaining two-thirds the length of the wing and ‘then uniting with the costa. Radius simple, reaching to the tip, sepa- rated from the subcosta and from the radial sector by a uniformly wide interspace; the latter vein originates near the base, and in the apical half of the wing sends off one 5-parted and farther out 7 simple ov forked branches, which extend obliquely backward. The simple anterior branch of the media, continuing in a long curve to the inner margin, arises above the first third of the length of the wing, while the lower branch furcates many times, so that 15 twigs reach the mar- gin. The superior branch of the cubitus emerges near the base and forms a long curve with a dichotomous end; the posterior branch, on the other hand, separates into 5 branchlets. The group of anal veins consists of 8 to 9 compound branches, which advance more obliquely than in curves to the inner border, and thus present a nearly fanlike appearance. Plaiting, however, was not present. The numerous very delicate curved cross veins are undulating or branched, not reticulate. POLYCREAGRA ELEGANS, new species. Locality.—Cranston, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; near base of section: stage unknown. FIG. 6.—POLYCREAGRA ELEGANS. This finely preserved wing has a length of 75 mm. Flolotype.—Cat. Nos. 38705, 38706, U.S.N.M. Family KUBLEPTIDA, new family. This family is founded on one of the smallest paleeodictyopteran forms from America, which may be distinguished by its remarkably ephemerid-like appearance. The four equal wings have a feebly branched venation, which comes very near to the hypothetical type of Comstock and Needham, mentioned above. The head is compara- tively large, with large compound eyes; the body slender, with long jointed cerci. 680 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. BOB 2 Os. nerve Gienitlise Wing subelliptical, with slightly curved anterior margin and more strongly arcuate inner border, apex rounded off, narrow costal area, and feebly developed anal area. The subcosta reaches almost to the tip of the wing and fuses in the costa. Radius straight, parallel with the subcosta. Radial sector issuing not far above the middle of the wing, twice forked, so that 4+ veinlets extend to the border. The media sends out its gently curved upper branch, furnished with a dichotomous end, somewhat above the origin of the radial sector, and further divides into 3 twigs only. The superior branch of the cubi- tus, which arises near the base, also forms a short terminal fork, and Fic. 7.—EUBLEPTUS DANIELSI, the inferior stem likewise separates into 3 branchlets. The 3 or 4 anal veins remain simple and extend in strong curves to the inner margin. The remote and irregularly distributed straight cross veins stand per- pendicular to the course of the longitudinal veins. The head with its large, arched compound eyes is nearly as broad as the thorax, which consists of 3 nearly equal, never strongly united segments, and no winglike pleurites can be discerned on the prothorax. The 10 distinet abdominal segments are individually broader than long, and very similar to each other. Below the tenth ring follows a short segment, on which the basal portion of the many jointed probably very long cerci are preserved. Nhs No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HAND LIRSCH. 681 EUBLEPTUS DANIELSI, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. | Pennsylvanian: Kittanning / (Allegheny) stage. Length of the wings 13 tol4mm. This fossil pertains to the smallest insect that has yet been found in the Carboniferous. Daniels collection. Reverse of holotype in the U. S. National Museum: Cat. No. 35576. Family METROPATORID, new family. I regard a small paleeodictyopteran wing from the lower part of the Upper Carboniferous as the type of this family; this is one of the oldest insects yet discovered, The shape of the wing is subelliptical, with broadly rounded tip. The costal area is not preserved, but judging from the form of the wing may have been rather wide. The subcosta reaches nearly to the tip of the wing. Radius simple. Radial sector arising near the base and dividing into 6 veinlets. Media with a long, forked superior branch and a 3-parted lower branch. Cubitus consisting of slightly arcuate offshoots extending to the posterior border. Judging from the shape of the wing, the anal portion (not preserved) certainly was not ample. Intercalary venation indistinct, consisting of a few irreg. ular cross veins interspersed with delicate little folds. METROPATOR, new genus. Wing delicately membranous. Radial sector divided into 38 forks, which are all directed to the apical border. The upper branch of the media forms a short fork and extends obliquely to the end of the inner border. All the following veins stretch obliquely to the poste- rior margin, and I am not quite certain whether my interpretation of these is correct, because the basal portion of the wing, in which their point of union lies, is wanting. Below the superior branch of the media follows a 3-branched fork, in which the inferior medial branch may be sought; then follows a vein with a very short terminat fork, then a simple one, and lastly a 3-branched vein. These probably all belong to the cubitus, but possibly the last pertains to the anal group. 682 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX1X, METROPATOR PUSILLUS, new species. Locality.—Near Altamont Colliery, Anthracite region, Pennsylvania. Lower Pottsville; Lower Lykens group. Fic. 8.—METROPATOR PUSILLUS. Length of the part of the wing preserved, 7 mm.: probable length of the wing, 9 mm. FHolotype.—Cat. No. 35382, U.S.N.M. Family PAOLIID A, new family. In this family I place two of Scudder’s species of Paol/a. Notwith- standing that some features in these forms point to the beginning of a higher specialization, as the spreading out and copious branching of 5 ’ > 5 the cubital and anal veins along the inner margin, still I believe that they should best be placed, at least for the present, in the Paleeodic- tyoptera. Probably they are rather closely allied to the spilapterids. PAOLIA Smith. PAOLIA VETUSTA Smith. Paolia vetusta SmirnH, Amer. Jour. Sei. (3), I, 1871, p. 44, text fig. Paolia vetusta Scupper, Zittel’s Handbuch, I, 1885, p. 758, fig. 942. Locatity.—Braxton Quarry, near French Lick, Indiana. Middle Pottsville; Mansfield formation; Quinnimont? stage. Scudder referred this form to the protophasmids; Brongniart, on the contrary, to the protolocustids, which, in my opinion, is quite wrong. PAOLIA GURLEYI Scudder. Paolia gurleyi ScuppER, Proc. Amer. Acad., XX, 1885, p. 173. Paolia gurleyi MELANDER, Jour. Geol., XI, 1903, p. 185, pl. vu, fig. 7. Locality.—Near French Lick, Orange County, Indiana. Middle Pottsville: Mansfield formation; Quinnimont? stage. Paolia lacoana Scudder and P. superba Seudder belong, in my opinion, in another group. some me ee Cee i No. L141. AWERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 63838 Family AANIGMATODID4A, new family. I here place a new paleeodictyopteran form from the middle of the Upper Carboniferous of North America, which does not. differ essentially from all other forms of this group. The wing is strongly arched and apparently of firmer texture, broadly rounded at the apex. The anal area is not enlarged. JE NIGMATODES, new genus. The subcosta reaches nearly to the apex of the wing. Radius simple; radial sector divided into 3 members. Media separating into 4 branches. Below the media follows an oblique vein directed to the inferior margin and terminating in a short fork; then 3 simple veins, whose strongly curved ends merge into the lower border. The last 2 of these veins probably belong to the anal group. The inter- calary venation consists in part of regular stout cross veins and in part of a polygonal network. ZEMIGMATODES DANIELSI, new species. Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning /( Allegheny) stage. FIG. 9.—ZENIGMATODES DANIELSI. Length of the preserved fragment, 18 mm.; probable length of the entire wing, 20 mm. Daniels collection. Reverse of holotype in the U. S. National Museum: Cat. No. 35578. PALAODICTYOPTERA INCERTA) SEDIS. The following forms are too imperfectly preserved for accurate description, but most probably they all belong in the order Palo- dictyoptera. 684 PROCEEDINGS OF TAH NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, LITHENTOMUM Scudder LITHENTOMUM HARTTII Scudder. ) Mem. Boston Soe., 1880, p 22, pl. 1, fig. 3. Locality.—St. John, New Brunswick. Little River group; = ‘Pottsville. In this small frament of a wing Scudder discovered ** relationship ” to the ephemerids, embids, and raphidids, and supposed it to be closely allied to the sialids; it was, therefore, to be regarded as the progenitor of this group. On this ground, also, the family ‘* Chronicosialidee ” was erected. Hagen supposed the fragment to belong to a true sialid; Brauer, however, again found similarity to orthopteres and homop- teres. Finally Scudder placed the fossil in the ‘* hemeristines,” a group of his ‘*neuropteroid Paleodictyoptera,” which, however, as we shall see, contained the most heterogeneous elements. DiVSCRLwwS Scudder: DYSCRITUS VETUSTUS Scudder. ScuppER, Devon. Insects, N. B., 1865, p. 1. Dyscritus vetustus ScuppER, Geol. Mag., V, 1868, pp. 172, 176; Anniv. Mem. Boston Soc., 1880, p. 20, pl. 1, fig. 4. Locality.—St. John, New Brunswick. Little River group; = 4 Pottsville. A small fragment, which neither Scudder nor any other author has been able to classify. XENONEURA Seudder. XENONEURA ANTIQUORUM Scudder. ScupDpDER, Devon. Insects, N. B., 1865, p. I. Xenoneura antiquorum ScuppkErR, Canad. Nat., n. s., III, 1867, p. 206, fig. 5; Anniv. Mem. Boston Soc., 1880, p. 24, pl. 1, figs. 5-7. Locality.—St. John, New Brunswick. Little River group; = ‘ Pottsville. This small, poorly preserved remnant of an insect gave rise to the erection of risky hypotheses and called forth a vigorous controversy among authors. A wrinkled place near the base of the wing was interpreted by Scudder as an organ of stridulation, and led to the establishment of a distinct family, ‘* Nenoneuridee,” which combined the characters of the locustids with those of the neuropteres. Darwin, Dawson, and Packard then made use of this fossil as a ‘* striking” example of a synthetical type and of the earliest appearance of organs of stridulation. Later, Scudder himself was obliged to confess that No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 6385 the structure described as a stridulating organ had nothing whatever to do with the wing. Instead, however, in the sparingly veined, little remnant, he now found indications of a relationship with the epheme- rids, sialids, raphidids, and coniopterids. A close examination of the fossil hy Hagen gave no positive result, yet it was determined by him that the venation recognized by Scudder pertained in part to a second underlying wing. From Hagen’s statements I have sought to correct Scudder’s figure, and I have thus succeeded in a plan of neuration which allows the specimen to be referred to the Paleodictyoptera. A more accurate classification, however, appears to me for the time being excluded, and could be obtained only after a second careful examination of the original. PSEUDOHOMOTHETUS, new genus. PSEUDOHOMOTHETUS ERUTUS ( Matthew.) Homothetus erutus Marrngw, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, IV, 1894, p. 95, pl. 1, tig. 11. _ Locality.—St. John, New Brunswick. Little River group; = ¢ Pottsville. I have no doubt that this wing belongs to the Paleodictyoptera, but certainly not to the genus //omothetus, with which it has only very slight similarity; I therefore propose a new generic name. CAMPTERONEURA, new genus. CAMPTERONEURA RETICULATA, new species. Locality.—Cordova, Alabama. Middle (4) Pottsville; Mary Lee group; ? Upper Quinnimont stage. A portion +7 mm. long, from the anal part of a large wing, which permits the recognition of 8 successive veins, nearly all furcate, and strongly curving to the inner margin; these correspond to the anal group and (/ the first 2) probably to a part of the cubitus. Between the veins is found a thin, irregular and wide-meshed network. The characteristic curvature of the principal veins excludes every doubt as to the paleodictyopteran nature of this fossil, to the exact classification of which, however, further data are wanting. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38709, U.S.N.M. Fic. 10.—CAMPTERONEURA RETICULATA. 6386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, X XIX. ORTHOGONOPHORA, new genus. ORTHOGONOPHORA DISTINCTA, new species. Locality. —Drews Creek, West Virginia. Coal Measures. A small piece of a medium-sized wing, permit- ting the recognition of the end only of the simple radius, a portion of the radial sector with its last short branch, and the ends of 8 other almost parallel veins curving toward the inner margin; the latter certainly belong to the radial sector Fig. 11.—OrTHOGoNoPHORA and to the media. All these veins are united by meet) conspicuous, straight, vertical cross veins. This fossil, also, most probably belongs to the Paleodictyoptera, but is too imperfectly preserved to be more accurately determined. Holotype.—Cat. No. 25632, U.S.N.M. BAG EDYaae Aten OS imlenwvearGemuls. BATHYTAPTUS FALCIPENNIS, new species. Locality. —Coalburg, near Birmingham, Alabama. Upper Potts- ville; Pratt group; probably Sewell stage. The tip of a larger wing, whose sinuate lower border and straight costal margin somewhat recall Breyeria. The subcosta is pre- served nearly to the tip of the wing and fuses in the costa. The radius is simple and runs parallel with the subcosta. The radial sector, which is separated from the radius by a wide area, sends out its partly dichoto- mous, partly simple branches, obliquely backward. Delicate, somewhat undulating, and occa- sionally branched cross veins unite the longitudinal veins, but form no network, In some points this fossil recalls the European breyeriids, but for the present can not be placed with certainty in any family. Doubt- less, however, it belongs to the Paleodictyoptera. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38708, U.S5.N.M. Fic. 12.—BATHYTAPTUS FALCIPENNIS. Se ~] no. Mal. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. ( PALAIOTAPTUS, new genus. PALAIOTAPTUS MAZONUS, new species. Locality. Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning / (Allegheny) stage. The tip of a wing. Anterior margin gently curved, lower margin not sinuate. Subcosta near to the costa and continuing almost to the tip. Radius simple, radial sector with oblique, simple, or compound ———— iN Fig. 13.—PALAIOTAPTUS MAZONUS. veins extending backward and separated from the radius by a broad space. The intercalary venation consists of a wide-meshed network, like that in the dictyoneurids. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38815, U.S.N.M. PSEUDOPAOLIA, new genus. PSEUDOPAOLIA LACOANA (Scudder). Paolia lacoana ScuppEr, Proc. Amer. Acad., XX, 1885, p. 173. Locality.—Pittston, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvanian. In any event this species does not belong in the genus Paolia Scud- der, but most probably likewise to the Paleodictyoptera. fHolotype.—Cat. No. 88100, U.S.N.M. PARAPAOLIA, new genus. PARAPAOLIA SUPERBA (Scudder). Paolia superba Scupper, Proc. Amer. Acad., XX, 1885, p. 173. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. © Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. This paleodictyopteran form also certainly belongs in a distinctly different genus from Paolia Scudder and Peeudopaolia Handlirsch. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——48 688 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, LARVAL PALAZODICTYOPTERA. (PALA ODICTYOPTERON) MAZONUM, new species. Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ? (Allegheny) stage. Fic. 14.—(PALHODICTYOPTERON) MAZONUM. A portion of a wing pad of cambered and stoutly pointed form; 18 mm. in length. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38831, U.S.N.M. (PALZZXODICTYOPTERON) LATIPENNE, new species, Locality. —Braidwood, — Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Conemaugh 4 stage. Fig. 15.—(PAL.KODICTYOPTERON) LATIPENNE. A wing pad 22 mm. long, with gently curved anterior margin, broadly rounded tip, and broader base. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38838, U.S.N.M. (PALZZODICTYOPTERON) VIRGINIANUM, new species. Locality.—McGinnis’s mine, near Redbird, West Virginia. (Ra- leigh ¢ Pottsville 4). Probably 400 feet above the Hampton conglomerate. Soft coal. Raleigh sheet. Collector, B. F. Phillips. No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 689 A portion of the thorax with the wing pads and some remnants of the abdominal segments. The well-preserved pad of the hind wing Fig. 16.—( PALZODICTYOPTERON) VIRGINIANUM, shows a strongly arched upper margin and an almost straight posterior border. It has a length of about 12 mm. Flolotype.—Cat. No. 25685, U.S.N.M. Order PROTODONATA (Brongniart) Handlirsch. Generally large insects, whose slender body very quickly recalls that of the odonates. The four equal wings are independent of each other and movable only in a vertical direction; at rest, horizontally outspread. The neuration of the wing is more highly specialized by the coalescence of several longitudinal veins in the basal portion of the wing, by the conversion of longitudinal veins into the so-called accessory sectors, and by the regular arrangement of cross veins. Intersection of the longitudinal veins, pterostigma, ‘* wing triangles,” as well as the reduction of the anal veins, which are quite generally present in the odonates, are still entirely wanting in the present group. The head is large, with large eyes, and powerful mandibles; the thorax is constructed like that in the odonates, with much reduced tergites of the meso- and metathorax, on account of which the wing bases appear to be nearer together. The legs are strong, similar in form, and of normal length; the antenne short. Unfortunately, in no speci- men has the end of the abdomen yet been found, so that at present nothing can be said as to the nature of the appendages. There is indeed no doubt that this group constitutes a connecting link between the paleodictyopteres and the odonates, combining the characters of the two orders. The protodonates embrace the largest fossil insects yet discovered (length of wing over 300 mm.), and are found principally in the younger beds of the Carboniferous of Europe and America. 690 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, PARALOGUS Seudder. PARALOGUS ASCHNOIDES Scudder. Paralogus xschnoides Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 101, 1893, p. 21, plow, figs: ay b. Paralogus wschnoides BRONGNIART, Faune ent. terr. prim., 1893, p. 521, fig. Locality. —Silver Spring, East Providence, Rhode Island. Penn- sylvanian; ten-mile series; Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. A well-preserved wing of 60 im. length. PALAAOTHERATES, new genus. PALAZZOTHERATES PENNSYLVANICUS, new species. Locality. —Campbells Ledge, near Pittston, Pennsylvania. Near top of Pottsville; upper transition g¥oup. A fragment of a wing, 45 mm. long. Probable length of wing, 100 mm. One can distinguish numerous longitudinal veins, partly simple, partly compound in the form of accessory sectors, which are united by straight cross veins, as in the odonates, so that rectangular or polygonal cells result. In my opinion, the first conspicuous mar- ginal vein in the specimen may correspond to the costa, and indeed to that part which livs outside the point of union with the subcosta. Fig. 17.—PALHOTHERATES PENNSYLVANICUS. The second vein visible may then be the radius, and the 2 following branched veins should belong to the radial sector, the 8 succeeding this to the media, and the next to the cubitus. The accuracy of this assumed interpretation rests upon a portion only of the terminal half of avery large wing. On the other hand, should the second conspicu- ous vein be declared the subcosta, the interpretetion would then be a much more difficult one and the resemblance to the other prodonates much lessened. Htolotype.—Cat. No. 38787, U.S.N.M. No. THI, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 691 Order MEGASECOPTERA (Brongniart) Handlirseh. In this order I place a series of more highly developed forms, which are derived directly from the Paleodictyoptera. These forms are especially distinguished by the fact that a tendency to degeneration appears, namely, a specialization of the anal part of the wing, as well as a reduction in the number of cross veins, the regular arrangement of these, and the partial coalescence of the media and cubitus with the base of the radius. A further important character to be noted is the differentiation of the thoracic segments by the diminution of the prothorax. In agreement with the Palwodictyoptera we here also find 4 equal, horizontal, outspread wings, independent of one another, ‘ather uniform segmentation of the abdomen, and very well-developed cerci. I believe that it will not appear too hazardous if I express the opin- ion that the megasecopteres are a lateral branch of the paleodicty- opteres, from which the insects of the panorpatean series have later developed. Various features support this opinion, as, for instance, the cordate head of many Megasecoptera, the independently moving wings diminished at the base, the approaching cerci of many forms, the reduction of the cross veins, ete. The megasecoptera are represented by numerous forms in the mid- dle and upper parts of the Upper Carboniferous of Europe. The first two species were discovered in America. RHAPHIDIOPSIS Seudder. RHAPHIDIOPSIS DIVERSIPENNA Scudder. Rhaphidiopsis diversipenna Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 101, 1893, p. 11, Dieet, fioss cade Locality. —Cranston, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; near base of section; stage ? This fossil requires further investigation. ADIAPHTHARSIA, new genus. ADIAPHTHARSIA FERREA, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. | Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. An entire insect with horizontally outspread wings. Length of the body (without appendages) 10.2 mm.; length of wing, 8 mm. The abdomen is as wide at the base as the thorax, but diminishes posteriorly in a manner similar to that in many megasecopteres. The four wings are similar in form and size, their anterior border is nearly straight, the lower margin strongly arched, the anal area neither defined nor expanded. Costa, subcosta, and radius are adjacent and nearly parallel; the radial sector appears to emerge about in the mid- 692 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. dle of the wing. The media enters into union with the radial sector by means of its superior branches; likewise the cubitus with the media. The anal veins arise from one common stem, which stretches obliquely to the inner edge, so that we appar- ently see but one anal vein with3 off- shoots — branching off posteriorly. Cross veins are de- veloped in small numbers. Unfortunately, there is but one specimen of this in- teresting form at hand, whichis from the collection of Mr. Daniels. The wings are all preserved only to the middle, and their venation is, on account of occasional shifting, hard to decipher. Fie. 18.—ADIAPHTHARSIA FERREA. Order HADENTOMOIDEA, new order. I establish this order upon a very interesting insect, which in many points still recalls the Paleeodictyoptera; in other respects, however, it departs so widely from this and all other fossil groups that I regard the new order warranted. The head is free, rather large, and apparently prognathous; it shows moderately large, lateral, compound eyes, and its form somewhat recalls the head of perlids or embids. The prothorax is remarkably elongate and wider than the head, without pleurites. Meso- and metathorax somewhat smaller than the prothorax. Abdomen rather compressed, shorter than the wings. Hind wing only slightly shorter and broader than the front wing, while the difference in their venation is scarcely worth mentioning. Costa marginal, well developed; sub- costa abridged, ending immediately below the middle of the wing. Radius simple and stout, continuing to the tip. The radial sector arises near the base and is far removed from the radius; it separates into 3 branches. The media is free and forms a large fork. The like- wise free cubitus extends obliquely to the inner border and sends out posteriorly 4 short, simple, or furcate branchlets. The first anal vein forms a short fork, the second is simple, and both continue in a curve to the posterior margin. The anal area is small in both pairs of wing's and is not defined. The wide space between the radius and the radial sector is filled up with large polygonal cells and the remaining inter- No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 6938 spaces are bridged over by straight cross yeins far removed from each other. The wings are not horizontally outspread, as in previously men- tioned forms, but are laid back flat over the abdomen, yet not folded. The derivation of this form from the paleodictyopteres is certainly not so difficult as the determination of its relations to the more highly developed groups, of which, in my opinion, the highest perlids and embids come into consideration. In view of the entire course of evolution, the latter of these groups seems to me to agree most closely, on account of the stronger reduction of the anal portion of the wing and of the cross veins, for it must be admitted that the progenitors of the perlids may also have already possessed a tendency to the forma- tion of an anal fan in the hind wing; further, that the number of their longitudinal and cross veins may have been still greater. If the reduction of the cross and longitudinal veins in the wing of Hadento- mum is imagined to have advanced only a little farther, there would result in any event an embidlike form of wing. This explanation, however, still remains very uncertain, and it is easily possible that direct descendants of //adentomum no longer exist. HADENTOMUM, new genus. HADENTOMUM AMERICANUM, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. a Ge Fics. 19, 20, 21.—HADENTOMUM AMERICANUM. Length of front wing, 26 mm.; length of entire specimen 35 mm. Danielscollection. Reverse of cotype in the U.S. National Museum: Cat. No. 35579. 694 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Order HAPALOPTEROIDEA, new order. This order is to be regarded as provisional, and, moreover, includes but one American fossil of which there is only one front wing known, and which permits itself at present to be ranked in no other order. The neuration of this wing may be easily traced to the paleodic- tyopteran type, yet in the reduction of the cubitus and in the more vaulted (instead of extending in a curve to the lower margin) anal veins, it shows itself more highly specialized. A separation of the anal area has not yet been attained, and the wing appears to have been of a very tender, delicate, membranous nature. As neither the body nor the hind wing is present, I have not attempted to place this interesting fossil in one of the other Paleozoic orders, although it is always possible that it belongs in the protorthopteran group. It may be, however, that in this specimen we must seek a forerunner of the perlide, the venation of which can quite easily be traced in that of the present fossil. However, in any case, further discoveries must be awaited before we can here render a final decision. HAPALOPTERA, new genus. HAPALOPTERA GRACILIS, new species. Locality._-Sharp Mountain Gap, near ‘Tremont, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; stage undetermined. Leneth of wing, 15mm. The greatest width amounts to searcely one-third the length and lies somewhat below the middle of the wing. The tip is rounded off obliquely; the costal border is so slightly curved as to be almost straight; the costal area is narrow. The subcosta fuses with the radius just above the tip of the wing. Radius simple, not far removed from the subcosta. Radial sector originating near the base of the wing, with 3 simple branches extending obliquely to the apical border. Media independent, not uniting with the radius; it first sends off an oblique branch to the inner margin and then forms a large long fork, whose branches continue obliquely to the lower end of the apical border. The cubitus is restricted to a single long fork, helow which 2 distinctly vaulted, simple anal veins are then to be seen. Midway through the medial group stretches a furrow, but the limits of the anal area are not fixed. The cross veins are not very distinct, but appear to have been rather regularly distributed. The wing joins the thorax with a broad base. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38731, U.S.N.M. Fig, 22.—HAPALOPTERA GRACILIS. No. 141. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—ITANDLIRSCH. 695 Order Guia VLUEO MDA new order. This order is likewise a provisional one, and includes only two forpzs, Mixotermes luganensis Sterzel, from Saxony, and Geroneura wilsoni Matthew, from St. John, New Brunswick, the placing of which in other orders has seemed to me hazardous. The wings of these forms are distinguished by a broadly rounded apical border, and in respect to their neuration they very closely approach the paleodictyopteran type. The few branches of the media, the cubitus, and the anal veins extend obliquely to the lower margin. The anal area is feebly developed, and its limits are not fixed; the subcosta is reduced, the radius simple, and its sector feebly branched. Cross veins straight and numerous. There will probably be no doubt cast on the direct derivation of these forms from the paleodictyopteres. Whether, however, they must be brought into nearer relations to the protorthopteres or to the perlids, I have not been able for the present to decide. GERONEURA Matthew. GERONEURA WILSONI Matthew. Geroneura wilsont Marraew, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, IV, 1889, p. 57, pl. rv, fig. 10. Locality.— st. John, New Brunswick. Little River group; =? Potts- ville age. Orders. nO LOR LoOP TERA Handhrseh. This order embraces a series of Paleozoic forms, which are distin- guished by more highly specialized wings and, according to my view, constitute a transition from the paleodictyopteres to the orthopteres (s. str.). The wings of these forms are folded over the abdomen when at rest; the front wings no longer have the simple venation which we have seen in the Palseodictyoptera, and their veins no longer extend in regular curves to the inner margin. The hind wings are rather similar to the front ones, yet possess an enlarged anal area marked off by a fold. When the wings are at rest, this area is doubled under. The body is more or less strongly built; the prothorax large, often much elongated; the head large with strong mouth parts fitted for chewing, and with long slender antenne. The legs are either similar in form and fitted for running, or the hind ones are transformed into legs for jumping. Stridulatory organs not yet present. Family SPANIODERID, new family. In this family I place a number of American forms with greatly elongated prothorax and strongly vaulted cubital vein, whose oblique branches are directed backward. These forms have as yet no legs for jumping. 696 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. SPANTODERA, new genus. Front wing with apical border broadly rounded, slightly curved marginal costa, and abridged subcosta. Radius simple, reaching nearly Fas. 23, 24, 25,—SPANIODERA AMBULANS. to the tip of the wing. Radial sector issuing near the base, furcate below the middle, and each branch again divided. About in the middle of the wing, the media separates into 2 forked branches. The No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 697 cubitus is long, continued in a gently S-shaped curve, and sends out 5 simple offshoots obliquely backward. The few anal veins are gently arcuate. Hind wing witha !arge anal area, limited by a straight fold, radial sector 3-branched and media simply fureate; its cubital vein is more stronely arcuate and the branches extend in part to the apical margin, in part to the anal furrow. Cross veins not very distinct, oblique in the costal area, elsewhere more perpendicularly arranged. The prothorax is long and narrow, the head rather large and seem- ingly prognathous, with moderately developed compound eyes. Middle and hind lees appear far removed from one another and are long and stout. SPANIODERA AMBULANS, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Length of the entire insect, 48 mm. Length of the front wing, 30 mm. Flolotype.—Cat. No. 38817, U.S.N.M.. GYROPHLEBIA, new genus. Very similar to Spaniodera. Costa nearly straight. Subcosta con- tinued farther toward the tip of the wing. Radius simple. Radial sector originating near the base, with 3 branches directed back- ward. Media (7) not forked. Cubitus arcuate, with 4 branches extending obliquely to the inner margin. Anal veins similar to those in Spaniodera. Prothorax long; head somewhat prognathous, antenne long and slender; front legs shorter; middle and hind legs longer, all only in part preserved and therefore not to be deseribed in detail. GYROPHLEBIA LONGICOLLIS, new species. “Near Cheliphlebia’’ Scupper, Mem. Boston Soe., III, 1885, p. 329, pl. xxx, TOE Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. iG. 26.—GYROPHLEBIA LONGICOLLIB. Length of the entire insect, 40 mm. 698 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, Scudder has placed this fossil in the homothetids and rightly recog- nized its affinity with Chel/phlebia. He, however, regarded the homo- thetids as neuropteroid forms. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38150, U.S.N.M. MIAMIA Dana. MIAMIA BRONSONI Dana. Miamia bronsont Dana, Amer. Jour. Sci. (2) XX XVII, 1864, p. 34, fig. 1. Miamia bronsoni ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., I, 1866, p. 190, pl. vr, figs. 2, 4. Miamia bronsont BRoNGNIART, Bull. Soc. Rouen (3), X XI, 1885, p. 62. Locality.—Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning / (Alle- eheny) stage. On this fossil Scudder founded the ‘*neuropteran” group Paleop- terina, which he brought into relation with the termitids. Gerstiicker considered the fossil a perlid; Brongniart, a ‘*neurorthopteron” of the family ‘* Hadrobrachypoda;” Brauer, on the other hand, found more affinity with the orthopteres. IPIROIVINTINGIIS Seuiclkclere: PROPTETICUS INFERNUS Scudder. Propteticus infernus ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., IIT, 1885, p. 384, pl. xxxq, figs. 3, 4. Locality.—Little Vermilion River, Vermilion County, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Allegheny ¢ stage. Scudder placed this form also in the neuropteroid series, in the Paleopterina. Brauer stated that its systematic position was unde- termined, but found relationship with the sialids. CAMPTOPHLEBIA, new genus. CAMPTOPHLEBIA CLARINERVIS (Melander). Dictyoneura clarinervis MELANDER, Jour. Geol., XI, 1908, p. 185, pl. v1, fig. 1; pl. vit, fig. 8. Locality. —Danville, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Conemaugh (or Free- port 4) stage. Melander wrongly referred this form to the dictyoneurs, which he regarded as a protophasmid. Iam therefore forced to propose a new generic name forthe fossil. METACHELIPHLE BIA, new genus: METACHELIPHLEBIA ELONGATA (Scudder). Cheliphlebia elongata ScuppDER, Mem. Boston Soc., ITI, 1885, p. 328, pl. xxrx, fig. 7. Locality.z—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Y > p Kittanning ? (Allegheny) stage. No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 699 This form was Peer ise selien Ted by Seudder to the ‘* neuropteroid” homothetids. In my opinion, the insect belongs to the protorthopteres, and in a genus other than Cheliphlebia carbonaria Scudder; wheretore, I propose a new generic name. PARA GEE) et lei SIVA, nenve Genus: PARACHELIPHLEBIA EXTENSA (Melander). Cheliphlebia extensa Mruanver, Jour. Geol., XT, 1903, p. 186, pl. vi, fig. 2; pl. vit, io 8). Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. This appears to me to be also generically different from Cheliphle- bia carbonaria. PETROMARTUS Melander. PETROMARTUS INSIGNIS Melander. Petromartus insignis MELANDER, Jour. Geol., XI, 1903, p: 192, pl. vi, fig. 6; DIS IX, figs. 125 13. Locality. —Petty’s Ford, Little Vermilion River (Danville), Hlinois. Pennsylvanian; Allegheny / stage. Melander referred this form to the homothetids. DIECONEURA Seudder. DIECONEURA ARCUATA Scudder. Dieconeura arcuata ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, p. 336, pl. xxx, fig. 4. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. | Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. Scudder placed this fossil with the Paleopterina, a family of his neuropteroid Paleodictyoptera. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38146, U.S.N.M. DIECONEURITES, new genus. DIECONEURITES RIGIDUS (Scudder). » Dieconeura rigida ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., 111, 1885, p. 336, pl. xxix, fig. 10. Locality.—Campbells Ledge, Pittston, Pennsylv ani. Near top of Pottsville; upper transition group. A poorly preserved fossil, which, however, still makes it possible to discern that it belongs ina different genus from Dreconeura arcuata Scudder. Scudder referred the form to the Palseopterina. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38156, U.S.N.M. TOO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. METRYIA, new genus. Front wing of a form similar to that in Deeconeura, but somewhat less slender. The marginal costa not vaulted. Subcosta reduced. Radius simple, reaching to the tip. Sector issuing near the base and divided into 2 dichotomous branches below the middle of the wing. Media probably simple. Cubitus apparently forming a large curve, from which one simple offshoot, then 2 forked ones, and finally one more simple, short branch run off successively backward. Anal arez with 2 compound and 1 simple veins. Cross veins preserved only on the costal border. METRYIA ANALIS, new species. Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Ge Fig. 27.—METRYIA ANALIS, This large wing, 34 mm. long, most probably belongs to a spanioderid form, although the cubitus appears to be somewhat differently con- structed than in the other genera of the group. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38834, U.S.N.M. Family GQ2DISCHIID, new family. A number of the protorthopteres are characterized by the fact that the superior branch of the media of the front wing coalesces with the radial sector, and later again furcates to continue on apparently as an offshoot of the latter vein. In one of the previously discovered forms of this group, the hind legs are preserved and are developed as legs for jumping (as in locustids). This group is represented in Europe and America. GENENTOMUM Scudder. GENENTOMUM VALIDUM Scudder. Genentomum validum ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, p. 329, pl. xxx, figs. 2, 3. (Edischia valida Bronentart, Faune ent. terr. prim., 1893, p. 599. Locality..-Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois; Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH., AO Scudder took the hind wings for the front ones, and referred the form to the homothetids (Paleodictyoptera Neuropteroidea); Brauer found affinity with the sialids, and only Brongniart recognized the rela- tionship with the orthopteres in a strict sense. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38135, U.S.N.M. PROGENENTOMUM, new genus. Closely allied to the genus Genentomum. The front wing is some- what more pointed, its anterior margin slightly arched; subcosta reduced; radius simple, its sector emerging far above the middle, with 4 in part fureate anterior branches. Media with (4) 5 nearly parallel principal offshoots, the first of which comes in contact with the radial sector at one point. Cubital and anal parts not preserved. Cross veins almost straight, rather regular and numerous, but not very strongly imprinted. PROGENENTOMUM CARBONIS, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois; Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. Fig. 28.—PROGENENTOMUM CARBONIS. A piece, 35 mim. long, of a wing whose length was about 50 mim. Daniels collection. Reverse of holotype in the U. 8. National Museum: Cat. No. 35580. Family GERARIDA, new family. In this family I place a series of larger American forms, which in the main are not sufficiently well preserved to be accurately described, yet permit it to be clearly seen that they belong to the protorthop- teres. The bodies of these insects are not well preserved, neverthe- less they appear to have been rather slender and the prothorax seems compressed, with margins, borders, or processes perhaps similar to those which we find in many recent Orthoptera. Unfortunately, in all the fossils of this group at hand the.front and hind wings lie over one another—that is, are folded over the abdomen, so that the deciph- ering of the neuration is attended with considerable difficulty. It is possible that this family may coincide with the cedischiids when better preserved examples become known. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. GERARUS Scudder. Wings with slightly arcuate anterior border, marginal costa, broadly rounded end, and abridged subcosta. Radius simple. Radial sector issuing near the base, with numerous in part divided branches. Media (at least in the hind wing) free; cubitus with several offshoots branch- ing out backward. Anal area of “*~ hind wing farlike, enlarged, and plaited. GERARUS VETUS Scudder. Gerarus vetus ScupprrR, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, p. 344, pl. xxx1, fig. 6. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. | Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ? (Allegheny) stage. Scudder placed this form in the group ‘*Gerarina,” of his neurop- teroid Paleeodictyoptera. Holotype.’ * a. 38136, U.S.N.M. G&ERARUS LONGUS, new species. Locality.—Meron Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittaning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. ; Fic. 29.—GERARUS LONGUS. Length in similar wings, 50 mm.; more slender than the preceding species. Folotype.—Cat. No. 38822, U.S.N.M. No. 1441, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 7038 GERARUS DANIELSI, new species. Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Obverse and reverse of a magnificently preserved example, in which, however, the wings again unfortunately lie over one another. With the exception of the anterio. margin, the front wing has only mere traces left, so that the vena- tion of the hind wing, at least, ‘an be more clearly made out. The accompanying figure shows on the right side the well-defined marginal costa, then the subcosta ending in the costa above the apex, the simple radius, the radial sector arising near the basal attachment of the wing, and having 5 simple or (on the left) compound branches, then the many-times branched media, and finally the cubitus, with its abridged offshoots con- tinuing downward toward the anal furrow. Inthe evidently plaited anal fan, a number of straight veins are to be seen Fic. 30.—GERARUS DANIELSI. diverging radially. Cross veins appear to have been abundantly developed, but are not sharply defined. The abdomen was shorter than the wings, and moderately stout; the prothorax large, almost saddle-shaped, and not broader than long, rugose and always furnished with 2 spinelike processes on the sides. A longer process lying in front of the prothorax may pertain to a part of the head. Daniels collection. Plastotype and reverse of holotype in the U. 5. National Museum: Cat. Nos. 25928, 35574. GERARUS MAZONUS Scudder. Gerarus mazonus ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, p. 344, pl. xxxit, fig. 7. Locality.x—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian: Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. GERARUS ANGUSTUS, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian: Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Proc. N. M. vol, xxix—05——49 704 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. This species was longer and more slender than the foregoing, and may have had a leneth of wing of about 65 mm., of which 53 mm. are preserved. Lolotype.—Cat. No. 38811, U.S.N.M. a eee Fig, 31.—GERARUS ANGUSTUS. GENOP TER YX Scudder: dy this generic name Scudder designated a fossil which in any event is most nearly related to Gerarus. GENOPTERYX CONSTRICTA Scudder. Genopterys constricta Scupprr, Mem. Boston Soc., TI, 1885, p. 327, pl. xxix, imeas UL Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittaning? (Allegheny) stage. Scudder referred this form not to the Geraride, but to the homo- thetids. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38148, U.S.N.M. GERAROIDES, new genus. By this name I distinguish a form which has been recently pub- lished by Melander and erroneously placed in the genus Déeconewra Scudder. GERAROIDES MAXIMUS (Melander). Dieconeura maxima Meuanper, Jour. Geol., XI, 1903, p. 193, pl. vt, fig. 5; pl. vil, figs. 14-17. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Melander referred this fossil to the Paleeopterina, one of the*t neurop- teroid” paleeodictyopteran groups. Order PROTOBLATTOIDEAS mev7 order. The forms which I include in this order appear to stand in the same relation to the recent blatteeforms as do the protorthopteres to the recent orthopteroids—that is, they seem to form a connecting link No. 141, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 705 between the Paleodictyoptera and the blatteeforms. The great simi- larity existing between many protorthopteres and protoblattoides clearly indicates, therefore, that the two groups were derived from nearly related Paleodictyoptera. The protoblattoids are characterized by a distinct, rounded head, by a prothorax either not expanded or only moderately so, and by wings which stand about midway between the blattoids and the paleeodicty- opteran type. When at rest the wings are laid back over the abdo- men. The front wings have an anal area fairly well defined and filled up with arcuate or oblique veins descending to the posterior margin; the hind wings, on the other hand, have an enlarged, fold-bearing anal area. The body is not very slender, but still is more so than in the majority of blattoids. Family ORYCTOBLATTINID4, new. family. This family embraces a series of forms that have been referred by authors partly to the blattids and partly to the homopteres (Fulgo- ride). These forms are distinguished by a well-defined anal area, with a variously large number of more or less oblique or arcuate lon- gitudinal veins; further, by a strongly compound radial sector, a less copiously divided media, and by a large number of delicate veins run- ning out obliquely from the cubitus. The costal area is broad and filled up with numerous veins issuing from the subcosta. From the radius also such veins extend forward. Intercalary venation abun- dantly developed, often forming accessory sectors between the princi- pal veins. Legs stout, homonomous. Antenne long and many jointed, Thorax stout, with the pronotum not much expanded. Very similar wings are still found to-day among the mantoids; for example, in Jetalleutica. OR MCRO BLAM EUNA Scudder: Media free from the base on, not united with the radial sector. ORYCTOBLATTINA LAQUEATA Scudder. Oryctoblattina laqueata ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 135, ple hie. 6: Locality.—170 feet above the base of the Upper Barren Coal Meas- ures, near Kansas City, Missouri. Chanute shales; Conemaugh ¢ stage. Scudder regarded this form as one of the Paleoblattariz. Flolotype.—Cat. No. 38160, U.S.N.M. T06 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, ORYCTOBLATTINA AMERICANA, new species. - Locality.—Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation: shales above the Ames limestone. A front wing of 19 mm. length. Similar to Oryctoblattina laqueata Scudder. Radial sector with 4 nearly parallel branches extending in an almost straight course to the apical margin. Media free and independent, divided below the middle of the wing into 3 forked branches. Cubitus con- sisting of 2 long stems, which send out numerous oblique offshoots to the inner margin. Subcosta and radius with similar branchlets directed to the anterior border. Anal area rather small, with few slightly curved veins. Intercalary venation unfortunately not well preserved. [Tolotype.—Cat. No. 38647, U.S.N.M. FIG. 82.—ORYCTOBLATTINA AMERICANA. ORYCTOBLATTINA LATIPENNIS, new species. Locality.—Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. © Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. A fragment 11 mm. long, from the base a of a long, proportionally broad wing about Kaus Ae [8 mm. in length. ‘The space above the sub- by costa is filled up with oblique veins, and the \ ae wide space between the subcosta and the ts radius by rather regular cross veins. Radial ~ sector with only a few distant branches. Ne a. Media free, first furcating below the middle. Cubitus dichotomous, with many oblique veinlets stretching backward. All interspaces are filled up with straight or undulating cross-veins. Flolotype.—Cat. No. 38656, U.S.N.M. Fic. 33.—ORYCTOBLATTINA LATI- PENNIS. BEALE RINO@OE StS Gebel: Germar’s Blattina reticulata is to be regarded as the type of this genus. Above the origin of the radial sector, there spring forth proximally from the 1 Bale 3 from 1 to 2 on esncknel veins, which most probably belong to the media. BLATTINOPSIS ANTHRACINA, new species. Locality. —Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Length of the front wing about 17 mm. Costal border strongly arcuate. Costal area broad. Subcosta does not extend far beyond No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. LO’ the middle of the wing. Radius continued far toward the apex. Radial sector with 6 nearly parallel branches, the third of which divides into 3 twigs. Above the radial sector only 1 straight branch issues from the radius. Media, however, twice forked. Cubitus fureate, with numerous veinlets extending to the margin. Anal area limited by an arcuate fold, with several nearly straight lon- gitudinal veins. Cross veins in the costal area oblique, as well as in the distal portion of the space above the radius; but in the basal part of the wing they are straighter. Between the branches of the radial sector and the media, as well as in the postcubital area and below the radius, are polygonal cells. In the smaller areas, these cells are arranged in two rows, so that their connecting veins become Fig. 34.—BLATTINOPSIS ANTHRACINA. almost like accessory sectors, as in other species. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38629, U.S.N.M. GLAPHYROPHLEBIA, new genus. In this genus the number of veins is much more reduced than in those preceding. The media is free and forms a simple fork; the ‘radial sector has 5 simple branches, and the cubitus sends out a series of inclined branchlets which are directed backward without presenting a typical forking. Anal area small, with few veins, and marked off by a nearly straight fold. Intercalary veins well developed. Cross veins not very close; in the larger areas united in a net-like manner. GLAPHYROPHLEBIA PUSILLA, new species. Locality.—From a coal mine 150 feet deep, at Braceville, Grundy County, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ? (Allegheny) stage. Length of the front wing, 10 mm. Anterior margin moder- ately curved, apex very broadly rounded. Costal area broad. Subcosta reaching not far be- yond the middle of the wing. Radial sector emerging above the middle of the wing and sending out successively to the apical border 5 simple branches, which diverge in a fanlike manner. Media free, divided into a large fork about in the middle of the wing. Cubitus vaulted, not furcate, sending out backward about 5 branches with accessory sectors lying between them. Anal area small, defined anteriorly by Fig. 35.—GLAPHYROPHLEBIA PUSILLA. TOS PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. a nearly straight fold. Costal area with oblique cross veins. The remaining broad areas have a wide-meshed network; the small ones have cross and intercalary veins. From the distal end of the radius oblique veins stretch to the anterior margin. Daniels collection. MICROBLATTINA Scudder. Subcosta reduced. Radius with a number of branches directed to the costal margin. Radial sector with about 6 offshoots branching off backward. Media with 2 furcate branches. Cubitus with several oblique veinlets extending backward. Of intercalary and cross-veins there is nothing to be seen. MICROBLATTINA PERDITA Scudder. Microblattina perdita Scuppgrr, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1898, p. 57, pl. 1m, fig. 5. Locality.—East Providence, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; ‘Ten- mile series; Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. Referred by Scudder to the Paleoblattarie. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38098, U.S.N.M. Family ATHOPHLEBID, new family. In this family, which I regard as a provisional one, I place a form whose relations to the oryctoblattids can hardly be misunderstood. The costal area is broad. The subcosta sends out numerous oblique veins to the slightly curved costal margin. The radial sector issues from the radius not far above the middle of the wing and sends out several (3 or 4) branches to the apical: border. The media separates into 1 superior furcate, and 1 inferior copiously-branched offshoot. The cubitus sends out 4 or 5 oblique branches to the inner border. Anal area long and narrow, marked off by a gently-curved vein. The larger interspaces are bridged over by cross veins far removed from each other. 4B THOPHLEBIA: Scudder. ZETHOPHLEBIA SINGULARIS Scudder. Atthophlebia singularis ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soe., IIT, 1885, p. 358, pl. xxx, fio. 9. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Length of wing, 33 mm. Scudder referred this fossil to the Paleopterina, a group of neurop- teroid paleodictyopteres. According to my view, it can scarcely be doubted that the specimen pertains to.a form of the blattoid series. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38147, U.S.N.M. No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH, TOY Family CHELIPHLEBID 2, new family. This is likewise a provisional group, established for the reception of a North American fossil, the systematic position of which still appears not quite clear, although many features indicate that it belongs in the blatteeform series. The wings are folded over the abdomen. The front wings have a distinctly curved anterior margin, a broad costal area, which is filled up with irregular, oblique, and intersecting veins. The radius runs out parallel with and close to the subcosta, and above the middle of the wing sends off a sector divided into 3 to 4 branches. Media free, with a furcate superior branch and a many-times divided inferior off- shoot. Cubitus free, with a number of branches stretching toward the imer margin. Anal area small, defined by an arched vein. Cross veins irregular, occasionally reticulate. CHELIPHLEBIA Scudder. CHELIPHLEBIA CARBONARIA Scudder. Cheliphlebia carbonaria ScuppEer, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, p. 828, pl. xxx, fig. 8. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. Length of wing, about 40 mm. Scudder also considered this fossil a ‘‘neuropteroid” insect of the group of homothetids. In my opinion, however, this insect can not belong to the Paleodictyoptera, but only to the orthopteroids or to the blatteforms. The reduction of the subcosta and the bow-shaped furrow of the anal area point to the latter group. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38149, U.S.N.M. Family KUCASNIDA, new family. In this family I unite a series of American forms of well-marked blattid-like habit, with broad, nearly elliptical front wines, shieldlike, enlarged, oblong prothorax, and robust body. In some examples, an ovipositor is to be seen. Middle and hind lees are short, their femora stout; the front legs, on the contrary, are longer, and were evidently fitted for the seizing of prey. At the end of the abdomen are 2 rather short cerci. The neuration is characterized by a very broad costal area, which attains about two-thirds the length of the wing, by a reduction of the radius to: few branches, and by the expansion of the cubital area. The anal area is reduced and is marked off by a curved suture. When at rest, the firmly chitinized, arched front wings were folded over the abdomen. (LO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. BUGZz NUS Scudder: EUCZENUS OVALIS Scudder. Eucenus ovalis Scupper, Mem. Boston Soc., IIT, 1885, p. 325, pl. xxrx, fig. 4. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Two of these specimens show a distinct ovipositor. Scudder regarded this insect, also, as a neuropteroid form and placed it in the homothetids. FHlolotype.—Cat. Nos. 38142, 38810, 38820, U.S.N.M. EUCAENUS MAZONUS Melander. Eucenus mazonus MELANDER, Jour. Geol., XI, 1903, p. 188, pl. v1, fig. 3; pl. vn, 10ers IOY Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. EUCAENUS ATTENUATUS Melander. Eucenus attenuatus MELANDER, Jour. Geol., XI, 1903, p. 188, pl. v1, fig. 4; pl. vi, Hosslile Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. The U. S$. National Museum possesses one example (No. 38828), which without doubt belongs to this species. This specimen shows us that the part which Melander took for a head pertains to the pro- thorax. A second poorly preserved example (No. 38827) exhibits distinctly preserved gonapophyses, which stand out in the form of a short ovipositor. EUCAZNUS ROTUNDATUS, new species. ‘* Neuropteroid. Fam. Homothetide’’ ScuppErR, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, pls xexcixe hom: Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning /(Allegheny) stage. A front wing of about 32 mm. in length and 15 mm. in breadth. The costal area at- . tains scarcely two-thirds the “ length of the wing and is very broad. The radius first divides below the middle of the wing and forms but a few branches, as does the media. More than half the breadth of the wing is filled up by the numerous offshoots of the cubitus, which are mainly fureate. Holotype.—The original bears the Cat. No. 38153, U.S.N.M., and the label ‘‘ cf. Acridiites Priscus Andree.” ~ FIG. 36.—EUCENUS ROTUNDATUS. No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS-—HANDLIRSCH. Ql Family GERAPOMPIDA, new family. The forms of this group are rather closely allied to the euceenids;: yet the costal area of the front wing appears more reduced and is sup- planted by a great number of branches extending forward from the ‘adius. Here, also, the radius and media are crowded back by the strongly developed cubitus. The anal area is marked off by a curved fold. Prothorax elongated. GERAPOMPUS Scudder. GERAPOMPUS BLATTINOIDES Scudder. Gerapompus blattinoides ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., IIT, 1885, p. 326, pl. xx1x, foal: Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Scudder regarded this form, which is to be considered the type of the genus, as a homothetid (neuropteroid Paleeodictyoptera). GERAPOMPUS EXTENSUS Scudder. Gerapompus extensus SCUDDER, Mem. Boston Soc., TIT, 1885, p. 326, pl. xxrx, figs. 5) tok Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Hlolotype.—Cat. No. 38141, U.S.N.M. GERAPOMPUS SCHUCHERTI, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Length of the front wing, 27 mm.; breadth, 11 mm. The form of the wing is almost elliptical, with strongly arcuate ante- rior border and broadly rounded outer margin. The subcosta extends not far beyond the middle - of the wing and sends off 7 in part simple, in part com- pound veins to the anterior margin. The costal area is more band shaped and narrower than in Aucenus. The radius proceeds in an almost straight course to the anterior border and FIG. 87.—GERAPOMPUS SCHUCHERTI. sends off about a dozen oblique twigs directed forward; the sector arises in about the middle of the wing and forms a single fork. ‘The media separates into 3 (12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. XXIX; branches, and the strongly developed cubitus gives off about 8 in part compound offshoots obliquely backward. The anal area is defined by an arcuate fold, and contains numerous veins continuing to the poste- rior border. Between many of the principal branches accessory veins are to be noted. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38816, U.S.N.M. Family ADIPHLEBID, new family. In this family I place two forms with highly specialized wings and enlarged, shield-shaped prothorax. The habit of these forms. is decidedly blattid like, but the venation departs so widely from that of all known Paleozoic blattids that it can be hardly possible for its derivation to be traced from a blattid wing. The branches of the radius, the media, and the cubitus, as well as those of the subcosta, run off almost ray like from the base of the wing, and are separated by numerous Intercalary veins; the interspaces are bridged over by many cross veins. In my opinion, we may be dealing witha highly aberrant side branch of the Protoblattoidea, which probably again disappears in the Paleozoic. ADIPHLEBIA Seudder. ADIPHLEBIA LACOANA Scudder. Adiphlebia lacoana ScuppEr, Mem. Boston Soc., IIT, 1885, p. 345, pl. xxx11, fig. 6. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ? (Allegheny) stage. Flolotype.—Cat. No. 381438, U.S.N.M. ADIPHLEBIA LONGITUDINALIS (Scudder). Termes longitudinalis ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, p. 350. Goldenbergia longitudinalis BRoNGNIART, Bull. Soc. Rouen (5), X-XT, 1885, p. 61. Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. This form may possibly coincide with Adiphlebia lacoana. The original distinctly shows the form of the thorax and the wings folded over one another, the neuration of which appears to have great simi- larity with that of the foregoing species. Later, Scudder himself recognized that this fossil was not a termite. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38140, U.S.N.M. Famity ANTHRACOTHREMMID4, new family. I establish this family on one of the remarkable insects described by Scudder, the wings of which essentially differ from those of all other Carboniferous insects hitherto known; its chief relations are neverthe- less still with the blattzeform series. The body of this insect is robust, No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—IHANDLIRSCH. (eke constructed similar to that in Aweenus and Adiphlebia; the prothorax is enlarged disk shaped. The front legs, like those in Awucenus, appear to have been somewhat elongated. The front wings are slender, + times as long as wide, and have a-strongly arcuate anterior border, a very narrow costal area extending about two-thirds the length of the wing, anda short anal area which is marked off by a bow-shaped fold. The radius is simple, and reaches nearly to the tip of the wing. The radial sector emerges very near the base of the wing, and sends off 4 or 5 simple branches extending in a curve to the apical border. The offshoots of the media and of the cubitus are hard to separate, are nearly parallel, and are oriented toward the apical border. The neu- ration of the hind wing is similar to that of the front wing, yet the subcosta proceeds much farther toward. the tip. The anal area is, unfortunately, not to be made out, but was evidently plaited. Like the foregoing form this appears to be a highly aberrant. side branch of the Protoblattoidea. ANTHRACOTHREMMA Scudder. ANTHRACOTHREMMA ROBUSTA Scudder. Anthracothremma robusta ScupbpER, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, p. 327, pl. xxx, figs. 1, 5, 6. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning / (Allegheny) stage. Holotype.—Cat. No. 381389, U.S.N.M. ‘ Nae” PROTOBLATTOIDEA INCER- TA SEDIS. MEGALOMETER, new genus. MEGALOMETER LATA, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allgeheny) stage. The impression of an_ entire insect, with broad, — elliptical wings folded over the abdomen, proportionally narrow abdomen, and small, kidney-shaped protho- racic shield. In habit this form resembles /ucenus, yet the pro- thorax as well as the venation appear to be different. The length of the entire impression amounts to about 37 mm.: the length of the front wing is about 30 mm. : Fia. 38.—MEGALOMETER LATA. TA4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, A wide costal area can he disting wished, which fakes up aan two- thirds the length of the wing. The subcosta is like that in Aucenus and sends off 5 or 6 oblique branches anteriorly. Above its extremity the radius curves toward the apical margin and is simple. Its sector appears to arise about in the middle of the wing. In conse- quence of the overlapping of the front and hind wings, I can not deci- pher the remaining venation. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38825, U.S.N.M. PSEUDETOBLATTINA, new genus. PSEUDETOBLATTINA RELIQUA (Scudder). = Ktoblattina reliqua ScuppeEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 101, 1893, p. 18, pl. 11 fig. g; No. 124, 1895, p. 106, pl. rx, fig. 10. Locality.—Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; Ten-mile series; ¢ Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. It seems to me improbable that this fossil belongs to the true blat- tids, since the shape of the subcosta and of the radius indicate a nearer relationship to Hucenus, Gerapompus, etc. In many respects, also, the neuration recalls the oryctoblattids. AGOGOBLATTINA, new genus. AGOGOBLATTINA OCCIDUA (Scudder). ar, Oryctoblattina occidua ScuppEr, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 37; Mem. Boston Soc., 1V, 1890, pl. xxx11, fig. 3. Locality. Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. This form does not probably belong to the oryctoblattids, as Seud- der believed, but in any case in the order Protoblattoidea. Unfortu- nately Scudder’s drawing is not clear enough to make it possible to distinguish the veins of the overlapping wings; consequently Lam not in a position to determine the systematic position more accurately. Llolotype.—4 rat. No. 38103, U.S.N.M. POLYERN US Scudder: POLYERNUS COMPLANATUS Scudder. Polyernus complanatus ScupbdER, Mem. Boston Soc., IIT, 1885, p. 348, pl. xxxt, figs. 8, 11. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. | Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Obverse and reverse of an insect about 50 mm. long, with front and hind wings folded over the abdomen, and in proportion to the size of > 9 the body, with a very small, semicircular pronotum, the tuberculate middle portion of which Scudder took for an eye. No. 141. AMERICAN PAL EOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. C15 The veins are much more numerous than in most other forms of this order, but through overlapping and folding are so confused that from this example an interpretation is scarcely possible. Scudder likewise considered this fossil a ‘t‘neuropteroid” form and placed it in the gerarins. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38144, U.S.N.M. POLYETES, new genus. POLYETES FURCIFER, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian: Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Front wing, 24 mm. long, broadly elliptical, with rounded apical margin, The subcosta may have attained about two-thirds the length of the wing. The radius ix supple and somewhat recurved toward the end; near the base of the wing it sends out the sector, which is divided into 5 branches. The media likewise separates near _the base of the wing into 2 main branches, each of which again divides into 3 branchlets. The twigs of the inferior branch, as well as those of the cubitus, proceed to the inner margin. The anal area may have been small and permits the recognition of FIG. 39.—POLYETES FURCIFER. several veins extending to the posterior border. Cross veins irregular, occasionally recticulate. Front and hind wings had a similar neura- tion and were folded over the rather slender abdomen. The pro thorax appears to have been of moderate size. I believe that this fossil may yet be brought into relation primarily with Cheliphlebia. Perhaps in just this form we must seek for the connecting link between the Blatteformia series and the Paleodic- tyoptera. Holotype.—-Cat. No. 38823, U.S.N.M. Order BLATTOIDEA Handlirseh. Scudder has attempted to separate, as an order, the Paleozoic blat- toids from the later fossil and recent forms. In my opinion (which moreover agrees with that of several authors), such a separation, however, is not practicable, because no sharply differentiating charac- ters exist, and those selected are in no wise valid. The fusion of the anal veins in the inner margin, on the one hand, still occurs in recent forms, as well as the independence of the principal veins from each 716 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. other; and, on the other hand, among the typical Paleozoic blattoid forms there are also those in which the type of venation prevailing today is to be observed. In primordial time, the hind wings of blat- toids were already straight as at present, exhibiting an anal are: plaited lengthwise (contrary to the view of Sellards); there were also even then forms in which a cross folding of the wing was indicated (in the European Permian), and; as a rule, cross veins were clearly developed. In many living forms the cerci are still long and dis- tinctly jointed. The ovipositors mentioned by Sellards could probably not hold ground in a critical investigation, and may in all probability never have existed; they have been hitherto observed only in several nymphs, which very likely belong to the protoblattoids, but as yet in no true blattoid imago, and it seems to me very hazardous to assume the existence of long ovipositors as a character of the Paleoblattarie.” On the other hand, the discovery of several egg cases proves to us that the Carboniferous blattids even at that time laid their eggs in a way similar to that which their descendants still practice to-day. The young stages of Paleozoic blattoids also strikingly resemble those of recent forms, though in general it is to be noted that in individual cases the former, in their more distinctly jointed and longer cerci and in their more slender form, more nearly approach the type of paleeo- dictyopteran larve. As previously mentioned, it is extremely diffi- cult to make a sharp distinction between the protoblattoids and the blattoids, and at the present time one can hold only to the fact that the former, at least in respect to the venation of their wings, are much more closely allied to the primitive type (Paleodictyoptera) than the latter. A systematic arrangement of Paleozoic blattoids in natural groups clearly meets with not inconsiderable difficulties, because in the course of time all series must be bound together by intermediate forms. The systematic arrangement attempted by Scudder has proved itself wholly defective in every respect, and rests upon entirely artificial, arbitrarily selected characters. Moreover, as a rule, Scudder’s generic diagnoses do not at all apply to the majority of forms as arranged by him, and according to this system very closely related species must be separated in widely different genera. I have therefore attempted to set up a new grouping, to the extent of bringing the genera and families, as far as possible, into agreement with those of recent blattoids. In so doing, I have been forced to erect a large number of new groups, in order to avoid uniting hetero- geneous elements. I am fully convinced that many of my genera will be combined when more abundant material becomes known; still I « The ovipositors mentioned by Brongniart as occurring in several Carboniferous blattids are likewise a /usus nature, and no ‘‘prolongation of the lower genital process.”’ No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. red ae consider it wiser for the present to separate them than to unite them with uncertainty. In the establishment of families I have allowed myself to be goy- erned by chronogenesis, taking those forms which most nearly approach the protoblattoids, namely, the paleeodictyopteran type, as the stem group. This group includes, among others, the genus Arch/- mylacris Seudder, which, being the first described, I use in the family name ‘* Archimylacride.” This family embraces the large majority of Paleozoic forms, and scarcely continues into the Mesozoic; it like- wise includes the o/dest forms. All other families—and among: these the mylacrids also, which were previously regarded as a stem group— are more highly specialized and may be traced back to the archimyla- crid type. They appear chiefly in later strata and several of them pass over into the Mesozoic. If, with Scudder and Sellards, we should regard the mylacrids as the most primitive blattoids, we should then be forced to go much further, and consider the blattoids the most primitive insects; then the archimylacrid wing would form the connection with the Paleodic- tyoptera, which, however, in all points are incomparably more prin.- itive forms and are also proved to be decidedly older than the myla- crids and the blattoids in general. It is not possible to derive the blattoids from more highly special- ized orthopteran forms, as the locustids, ete.; and even if elongated ovipositors should actually have been present in some blattoids, which I, however, question, there would still be no ground for such an acceptation, because, as is well known, similar structures occur in the most diverse developmental series, and were also present in many Paleodictyoptera. The fact is that'in those old beds in which as yet no blattoids have been discovered, no true Orthoptera have likewise been met with, but only Paleeodictyoptera. In the very oldest forms, cross veins are always present. A disappearance of cross veins always indicates a higher specialization, and in the blattids is frequently associated with a stronger chitinization of the front wing. Family ARCHIMYLACRID A, new family. This group embraces the large majority of Paleozoic blattoids, and is united with the protoblattoids, namely, the Palseodictyoptera, by transitional forms. The neuration of the Archimylacride mainly resembles the paleeodictyopteran type, and may be regarded as the point of origin for the succeeding more highly specialized families. The subcosta of the front wing is always preserved as an independent vein and sends off a variously large number of branches to the costal margin. These offshoots are either equally divided (pectinate) or are united in groups, but never issue in a raylike manner from one point at the base of the wing. The subcosta is never restricted to a short, 718 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. strongly chitinized swelling at the base of the anterior border. The radius is more or less copiously branched, and only in the most primi- tive forms still shows the typical ancestral separation into radius and sector. The entire radial group is mainly divided into several clus- ters of twigs, or the branches all arise apparently on the superior side of the principal vein. The media is either separated into 2 main com- pound offshoots, or it forms one vein with branches running off back- ward, or, finally, one such with the branches ramifying anteriorly. All these modifications are united by transition forms. In a majority of cases the cubitus sends out its branches sloping to the inner margin; more rarely there is one isolated, widely furcating superior offshoot. The anal area is always marked off by a bow- shaped furrow and contains a number of veins which fuse in the pos- terior margin. i The intercalary venation is either irregularly reticulate or it con- sists of very delicate regular cross veins. In the forms whose wings are more firmly chitinized, we find in place of these cross veins only a more or less irregular leathery structure, which further often exhibits distinct cross wrinkles. In the primitive forms the body is more slender; in those more highly developed, often greatly expanded. Cerci are well developed, cistinetly jointed. Legs more or less slender, often with spines. Antenne slender. PALAOBLATTA, new genus. With this name I distinguish a very primitive form, which in many respects shows great similarity to certain protoblattoids (/ucenus, Gerapompus, ete.) and which in their venation very strikingly resemble the paleodictyopteran type, so that they could be referred with almost equal right to the protoblattoids as to the blattoids. The subcosta reaches somewhat beyond half the length of the wing und sends out about 10 branches. The radius proceeds in a nearly straight course to the tip of the wing and above the end sends off about 10 branchlets to the anterior margin. The radial sector origi- nates in the typical manner aboye the middle of the wing and forms 4 twigs. The media likewise separates above the middle of the wing into 2 equally furcate branches, of which the last end in the inner margin. The cubitus sends 4 oblique branches to the inner margin. The anal area is slender and attains nearly half the length of the wing; it is defined by a gently curved vein and contains several (about 5) in part compound veins which end in the posterior border. The inter- calary venation is irregular and occasionally reticulate. The costal inargin is strongly curved, and the costal area wide. Wing 25 times as long as broad. Shield of the pronotum comparatively small, almost semicircular in form, Abdomen rather slender. No, 141. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 719 PALA OBLATTA PAUCINERVIS (Scudder). Archimylacris paucinervis SCUDDER, Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 441, pl. xxx1, fig. 5. Locality. Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kit- tanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. TTolotype.—Cat. No. 38091, U.S.N.M. Ser © ROB AcE i GENpA. Mev: Genus. Similar to the foregoing genus, but differs in the somewhat more abundant branching of the veins, the narrower costal area, and the more regular cross veins. The subcosta reaches about two-thirds the length of the wing. Radius and sector are divided in the typical man- ner: the former with about 5 small veinlets directed forward, the lat- ter separated into 4 to 6 branches. The media separates about in the middle of the wing and forms about 4 offshoots. The 7 to 8 branches of the cubitus extend to the inner margin. Anal area slender; cross veins not very compact and somewhat trregular, but not so strongly reticulate. Body like that in /a/eob/uttu. Front wing scarcely 23 times as long as broad. Type of genus, Aphthoroblattina fauscigera (Scudder). APHTHOROBLATTINA FASCIGERA (Scudder). Blattina fascigera ScuppER, Proc. Boston Soc., XTX, 1878, p. 238. Gerablattina fascigera ScuppEr, Mem. Boston Soc., IIT, 1879, p. 113, pl. v1, figs. 2 >. Locality.—Campbell’s Ledge, near Pittston, Pennsylvania. Near top of Pottsville; upper transition group. This form was pointed out by Scudder as the ** oldest” blattid. Two species from the middle of the Upper Carboniferous of Europe wlso belong in this genus. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38058, U.S.N.M. PO yey @ Sil AnaeAS Mnieny; Cienuus: Similar to the genus ApAthoroblattina. Anterior margin of the front wing strongly curved. Costal area narrow, extending two-thirds the length of the wing. Radius with 5 stouter branches directed upward; sector arising above the middle of the wing and divided into 3 forks, all of which end in the apical border. Media with 2 simple and 1 fur- cate branches directed toward the inner border and branching off back- ward from the main stem. The 5 simple oblique branches which extend downward from the strongly arcuate cubital vein occupy only the middle third of the posterior margin. Anal area small and slender, continuing only one-third the length of the wing, with but 4 or 5 veins ending in the inner margin. Interspaces filled up with very regular and delicate cross veins. Front wing fully 24 times as long as broad. 50 Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05 720 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX. POLYETOBLATTA CALOPTERYX, new species. Locality. Road from Hampton to Peachtree Creek, West Virginia. Pottsville 4 (From Coal blum about +00 feet above Hosnton con- glomerate. Same as McGinness’ mine. ) Fig. 40.—POLYETOBLATTA CALOPTERYX. Length of front wing, 19 mim. Holotype.—Cat. No. 25633, U.S.N.M. RUNGE EDO BRAT ITA. nevi; Ggemus: Front wing fully 25 times as long as broad, nearly elliptical, with strongly curved anterior margin. Costal area narrow, scarcely reach- ing over beyond the middle of the front margin. Subcosta with about 7 branches. Radius divided just above the middle of the wing; the superior branch (radius s. stv.) forming a large fork, the inferior branch (sector) separated into two 4-branched parts. All offshoots of the radius are directed toward the anterior margin. The media sends off successively one furcate and 3 sample branches backward, all of which fuse in the apical border. The cubitus stretches obliquely backward and with its 6 branches occupies the entire space between the anal area and the apical margin, anal area taking up two-fifths the length of the wing, with numerous veins partly united at the base. About two-thirds of the wing appears to be firmly chitinized and shows no intercalary venation; the outer third, on the contrary, exhibits a dense, small meshed, and irregular network. KINKLIDOBLATTA LESQUEREUXI (Scudder). Etoblattina lesquereusi ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1879, p. 67, pl. v1, fig. 34. Locality.—Near Pittston, Pennsylvania; Anthracite series; Roof shales; D seam. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38077, U.S.N.M. ADELOBLATTA, new genus. Front wing about 24 times as long as broad, nearly elliptical, with equally strongly curved anterior and posterior margins. Costal area of normal breadth, reaching somewhat oyer half the length of the wing. No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. (Oat Radius forked somewhat above the middle of the wing, the superior branch with about 3 or 4 twigs, the inferior strongly vaulted, with about 6 twigs, all of which are oriented toward the front margin. The branches of the strongly arcuate media issue posteriorly and turn in part to the apical border, in part to the inner margin, so that for the 4 to 5 branches of the cubitus but little more than the middle third of the margin remains. The anal area occupies about two-fifths of the length of the wing and is marked off by a strongly curved fold; it con- tains about 6 veins. Pronotum somewhat less than twice as broad as long and nearly semicircular in form. The intercalary venation is not known. Type of genus, Adeloblatta columbiana (Scudder). ADELOBLATTA COLUMBIANA (Scudder). Progonoblattina columbiana ScuppgEr, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 131, yall, Sag, tne) Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning 4 (Allegheny) stage. ? ADELOBLATTA GORHAMI (Scudder). Etoblattina gorhami Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 101, 1898, p. 16, pl. i, fig. a; No. 124, 1895, p. 80, pl. v, fig. 8. Locality.—Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; Ten-mile se- ries; / Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. PLAGIOBLATTA, new genus. Front wing more than 23 times as long as broad, nearly elliptical, with strongly curved anterior margin and more slightly arcuate inner horder. Costa! area not expanded at the base, extending about five- eighths the length of the wing, with about 8 branches. Radius vaulted, its superior principal branch separated into 4 to 5 twigs, which end in the anterior border, besides + to 6 mostly compound branches generally oriented toward the apical margin. Media proceeding obliquely back- ward and divided into 2, always 3 to 4 parted forks, whose branches in part fuse in the inner margin, so that the 5 to 6 offshoots of the cubitus take up not more than the middle third of the posterior border. The anal area reaches about two-fifths the length of the wing. The inter- calary venation consists of distinct regular cross veins. The prothorax (preserved in one species) is almost transversely elliptical, and about one-fourth broader than long. Type of genus, Plagioblatta parallela (Seudder). 123 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. PLAGIOBLATTA PARALLELA (Scudder). Archimylacris parallela ScupperR, Mem. Boston Soc., LI, 1879, p. 85, pl. vi, fig. 6. Locality. —Cannelton, Pennsylvania. Allegheny formation; Kit- tanning group; roof of the Middle Kittanning coal. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35098, U.S.N.M. PLAGIOBLATTA CAMPBELLI, new species. Locality.—Railway cut, Moss Creek, one-half mile above Gorman’s Mills, Pennsylvania. From shales about 40 feet below B coal (‘). Pennsylvanian; Coal Measures? Conemaugh stage. Length of the front wing about 30 mm. Costal area broader than in Plagioblatta parallela. Radius directed more to the middle of the apical border. ——_—- Fiaes. 41, 42.—PLAGIOBLATTA CAMPBELLI. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 35391, U.S.N.M. Colected by Messrs. Burrows and Campbell. Survey of the Barnsboro, Pennsylvania, quadrangle. SCHIZOBLATTA, new genus. Front wing elliptical, about 2? times as long as broad. Costal area extending about three-fifths the length of the wing, with about 9 or 10 normal veins; not expanded at the base. Radius divided into 2 principal stems, the superior of which separates into 6 branches and the inferior into 8, the majority of the latter ending in the apical border. The media likewise divides into 2 main stems, the anterior of which forms 5 branches and the posterior 4, all of which fuse in the apical margin The 8 branches of the gently vaulted cubitus take up the entire inner border. The anal area attains nearly half the length of the wing. Cross veins are not to be distinguished, but instead there is a fine-grained leathery structure. No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 123 SCHIZOBLATTA ALUTACEA, new species. Locality.—Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. FIG #43.—SCHIZOBLATTA ALUTACEA, Length of front wing, 22 mm. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38668, U.S.N.M. ATIMOBLATTA, new genus. Front wing elongated, 2% times as long as broad, and subreniform, with strongly-arched front margin, very gently curved inferior border, and rounded apical edge, with a remarkably elongated anal area, which is fully half as long as the wing. Costal area extending three-fifths the length of the wing, band-shaped, with about 6 simple or forked veins. Superior branch of the radius emerging just below the first fourth of the length of the wing, and separated into 4 branches by 52 = Z Me ew ew eee @ woe --~ ’ Fig. 44.—ATIMOBLATTA CURVIPENNIS. double furcation; by repeated forking the inferior offshoot is divided into 8 to 9 branches, which in part fuse in the apical margin. ‘The media stretches obliquely to the lower portion of the outer border, and sends off 3 nearly horizontal and in part furcate branches to the apical margin. The long, gently-arched cubitus joins the lower end of the apical border and sends off 5 to 6 simple, very oblique offshoot: downward and outward. No distinct cross veins. Type of genus, Afvmoblatta curvipennis, new species. ATIMOBLATTA CURVIPENNIS, new species. Locality.—Scranton, Pennsylvania. Uppermost Pottsville; Dun- more coal, No. 2. 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, Length of the front wing, 38 mm. The veins of the costal area are occasionally forked. Cubitus with 5 branches. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35380, U.S.N.M. ATIMOBLATTA RENIFORMIS, new species. Local’ty.—Scranton, Pennsylvania. (Anthracite region.) Upper- most Pottsville; Dunmore coal, No. 2. (| NG: “ - t ' ae A ‘ ae = ae ee mS ‘se. Se s , 7 —~ -<— FIG, 45,—ATIMOBLATTA RENIFORMIS. Length of front wing, about 38 mm. Very much like the previous species. Veins of the costal area not furcate. Cubitus with 6 veins. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35383, U.S.N.M. ASEMOBLATTA, new genus. Front wing with gently arcuate front edge, obliquely truncate apical margin, and more strongly curved inner border; 24 to 25 times as long as broad. Costal area band-shaped, rather wide, and extending about three-fifths the length of the wing. Superior offshoot of the radius branching out above the middle of the wing, divided into 2 to 4 twigs; inferior branch of the radius separated into 5 to 9 twigs by repeated furcation. ‘The media continues in a gentle oblique curve to the lower extremity of the apical margin, and sends off 8 to 5 more or less compound branches forward to the apical border. The like- wise vaulted media reaches to the lower end of the apical edge, and with its 7 to 9 in part compound branches takes up the entire pos- terior margin. The anal area is proportionally short, and is marked off by a strongly curved fold; it occupies only one-third the length of the wing and contains but a limited number of veins. The intercalary venation is either obliterated by the strong chitinization of the wing or it consists of delicate and irregular cross veins. Prothorax nearly semicircular, about one-third to one-half broader than long. Type of genus, Asemoblatta anthracophila (Germar). No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 725 ASEMOBLATTA PENNSYLVANICA, new species. Locality. —Drake Tunnel, Old Forge, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; Marcy or D Coal. Fig. 46.—ASEMOBLATTA PENNSYLVANICA. Length of front wing, 22 mm. Cross veins distinct. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38799, U.S.N.M. YL ASEMOBLATTA DANIELSI, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. FIG 47.—ASEMOBLATTA DANIELSI. Length of the front wing, 26 mm. No structure to be observed. Daniels colle Leni n. _ Berens of holotype in the U. S. National Mu- seum. Cat. No. 35: ASEMOBLATTA MAZONA (Scudder). Etoblattina mazona ScuppErR, Mem. Boston Soc., II, 1882, p. 181, pl. x; Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 89, pl. v1, fig. 5. Etoblattina mazona SELLARDS, Amer. iets Set. (4), X Vill, 1904, p. 131, fig. 16. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Length of the front wing, 24 mm. The young forms referred by Sellards to this species will be dis- cussed in another place. I must here again call attention to the fact that the ovipositor represented by Sellards in the imago (fig. 15) was not observed, but is merely restored, and in further considerations should be received for the present with great reserve. Holotype.—Cat. No. 88068, U.S.N.M. 726 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. ARCHOBLATTINA Sellards. Front wing nearly elliptical, 25 times as lone as broad. Costal area extending about two-thirds the length of the wing, not expanded, with numerous, mostly compound veins. Superior offshoot of the radius more strongly branched than the inferior one, which is given off near the base. All branches of the radius end in the anterior margin. Media with 2 (or 84) compound branches running off forward. Cubi- tus strongly vaulted, with many (about 9) mainly furcate veinlets, which take up the entire free inner border. Anal area wide, occupy- ing two-fifths the length of the wing, with numerous veins. Pronotum not broader than long and of nearly pear-shaped outline. Very large forms. Type of genus, Archoblattina beecheri (Sellards). ARCHOBLATTINA BEECHERI Sellards. Megablattina beecheri SELLARDS, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XV, 1903, p. 312, pl. vin. Archoblattina beecheri Spuuarps, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VITI, 1904, p. 218, figs. 30; 315/32: Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. The length of the front wing of this gigantic form amounts nearly to 70 min. The name Jlegablattina, being preoccupied, was changed by Sellards himself to Archoblattina. ? ARCHOBLATTINA SCUDDERI, new species. Blattina sp. ScuppeEr, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 142, pl. x11, fig. 5 (not pl. x, fig. 16). Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. A hind wing, about 55 mm. long, with numerous cross veins, which possibly may belong to the preceding species. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38105, U.S.N.M. GYROBLATTA, new genus. Front wing 2% times as long as broad, with very strongly curved front margin, and nearly straight posterior border, therefore nearly semicircular in form. The rather broad costal area reaches three- fourths the length of the wing, and contains about 7 many-times branched oblique offshoots, some of which are given off at the base. The radius forks very near the base of the wing and its superior branch separates into 4 to 6 twigs; the inferior, on the other hand, into 2 to 5. The media stretches in a strong vault to the inner border and sends off 3 to 4 long, more or less divided, branches horizontally forward to No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. (27 the tip of the wing. The much-reduced cubitus, with its about 4 mainly compound veinlets, occupies the middle portion of the inner margin, whose basal third is taken up by the short, broad anal area. In one species, distinct, closely crowded, and regular cross veins are present; in the other, there is nothing stated on this point. Type of genus, Gyroblatta clarkii (Scudder). GYROBLATTA CLARKII (Scudder). FEtoblattina clarkii ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 101, 1893, p. 14, pl. m1, fig. j; No. 124, 1895, pl. v, fig. 10. Locality.—Pawtucket, Rhode Island, Pennsylvanian; Ten-mile series; ¢ Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. ?GYROBLATTA SCAPULARIS (Scudder). Gerablattina scapularis ScuppER, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 101, 1893, pl. 1, figs NoL 12451895; plo x, Hee 7. Locality. —Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; ‘Ten-mile series; / Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. a Tolotype.—Cat. No. 38060, U.S.N.M. DYSMENES, new genus. Front wing in any case very broad, probably not much more than twice as long as wide, with strongly arched anterior margin, and gently curved posterior border. Costal area wide, scarcely reaching two-thirds the length of the wing, with veins branching several times. Superior principal offshoot of the radius separated into 4 twigs, which, as well as the 6 twigs of the inferior branch, all run out to the front margin. The media proceeds obliquely to the apical border and sends out forward 4 compound branches. Near the base the cubitus divides into one superior, 3-parted branch, which extends to the apical edge, and into one normal branch reaching to the end of the inner margin, the twigs of which (about 5) are several times furcate and take up the entire posterior border. The broad anal area occupies somewhat more than one-third the inner margin. Nothing is said of cross veins. DYSMENES ILLUSTRIS (Scudder). FEtoblattina illustris ScuppErR, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 101, 1898, p. 12, pl. 11, fig. 1; No. 124, 1895, p. 70, pl. 1v, fig. 11. Locality.—Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; ‘Ten-mile series; ? Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. Flolotype.—Cat. No. 38074, U.S.N.M. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. ~] bo CO PHOBEROBLATTA, new genus. Front wing 2% times as long as broad, with strongly arched anterior margin, very abruptly rounded apical border, and nearly straight pos- terior edge. Costal area narrow, attaining about three-fifths the length of the wing. The subcosta advances in an almost. straight course to the anterior margin, and just at the base forms a many-times parted branch, which occupies nearly half the costal area; further on then follow 2 forked and 2 simple branches, all of which are very obliquely arranged. The radial vein proceeds in a nearly straight line to the end of the anterior border, and its first branch (radius s. str.) issues very near the base, by repeated furcation separating into 5 offshoots; the 3 following forked branches are very obliquely directed toward the front border. The media turns in a gentle vault toward the lower end of the apical margin, to which it sends out 2 forked, and one simple, very long branches. The entire inner edge is taken up by the 4 obliquely placed branches of the cubitus, which are sepa- rated into 14 twigs, only the basal third being filled by the small anal area, which has but a limited number of. veins. The surface of the wing is coarse-grained leathery, rugose, with a tendency to the formation of cross veins. In many respects this genus recalls /wmorphoblatta, but differs in form and structure. PHOBEROBLATTA GRANDIS, new species. Locality.—F ishing Creek Gap, in Sharp Mountain, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; lower part; horizon‘ Fig. 48.—PHOBEROBLATTA GRANDIS. The length of the front wing amounts to 50 mm. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38756, U.S.N.M. EUMO RP HOB ACD AS mien Genus: Front wing 2% to 3 times as long as broad, elliptical, with almost equally strongly arched anterior and inner borders. The costal No. 11, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCI. 729 area extends two-thirds to three-fourths the length of the wine. and forms a very pointed triangle. The branches of the subcosta are united into several groups and very obliquely placed. The radius forks near the base of the wing, and its superior branch, divided into several twigs, advances obliquely to the anterior border, while the posterior twigs of the copiously branched main inferior off- shoot fuse in the apical margin. The media stretches obliquely to the lower extremity of the apical edge, and sends out forward a series of simple or compound branches in a nearly horizontal direction toward the apical margin. The cubitus gives off a larger number of mostly simple branches toward the inner border and (in Lumorphoblatta heros) one furcate offshoot forward to the lower edge of the apical margin. The anai area occupies more than one-third the length of the wing. Cross veins are deticate and regular, very thickly crowded. Type of genus, Humorphodlatta heros (Scudder). This genus is also represented in Kurope. EUMORPHOBLATTA HEROS (Scudder). Necymylacris heros ScuppErR, Mem. Boston Soc., II1, 1879, p. 54, pl. v, fig. 9. Locality.—Cannelton, Pennsylvania. Allegheny formation; Kit- tanning group; roof of the Middle Kittanning coal. FHlolotype.—Cat. No. 38056, U.S.N.M. METAXYBLATTA, new genus. Front wing elongate-ovate, only a little more than twice as lone as broad. Costal area the length of half the wing, wider at the base, and of more triangular form, with 5 (to 64) mostly compound veins. Tue radius runs out nearly straight from the base to the end of the anterior border, and sends out 7 mostly forked oblique branches for- ward to the anterior margin; by dichotomous forking, the first of these offshoots separates into + twigs. The slightly vaulted media, with its 6 in part compound branches running off forward, takes up the entire apical margin. The cubitus advances obliquely to the end of the posterior border, and sends off to it 7 simple, regular branches. The small anal area contains few veins and is defined by a very slightly curved fold; it reaches about three-sevenths the length of the wing. I was able to make out nothing either of structure or cross veins. 730 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. METAXYBLATTA HADROPTERA, new species. Locality. Port Grifth Switchback, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; E coal. Fig. 49.—METAXYBLATTA HADROPTERA, Length of the front wing, 23 mm. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38783, U.S.N.M. ARCHIMYLACRIS Seudder. Front wing twice as long as broad, with very strongly arched ante- rior margin and gently curved inner border; hence, subreniform. Costal area extending two-thirds the length of the wing, band shaped, with 10 to 16 in part compound veins. Radius divided before or in the center of the wing; its upper branch sends off about 3 forked or simple twigs to the front margin, while the lower branch separates into 5 twigs, which are oriented toward the apical border. The media curves toward the lower end of the apical margin and sends out to it 3 to 4 offshoots, which branch off forward. The cubitus gives off 5 to 8S rather regular branches to the posterior border. The anal area contains only a limited number of veins and occupies about two-fifths the length of the wing. The cross veins are close and rather regular. Type of genus, Archimylacris acadica Scudder. ARCHIMYLACRIS ACADICA Scudder. Archimylacris acadica ScuppER, Dawson’s Acadian Geol., 2 ed., 1868, p. 388, fig. 153; Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1879, p. 84, pl. v1, figs. 8, 14. Locality.—Main coal, East River, Pictou, N.S. Pennsylvanian. ARCHIMYLACRIS VENUSTA (Lesquereux.) Blattina venusta LesQuerEux, 2d Rept. Geol. Ark., 1860, p. 314, pl. v, fig. 11. Etoblattina venusta ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1879, p. 70, pl. v1, fig. 12. Locality. Frog Bayou, Arkansas. Upper coal-bearing division (¢=Allegheny stage). No. Hl. AMERICiIN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. vou PEYVEOBWAT LAY mew genus: Under this name I include a series of forms with more or less regu- larly elliptical front wings, whose length is at least 2; times, but mainly 24 times as greatas the breadth. The costal area is always band shaped, never especially wide, and also never particularly expanded at the base; it extends at least one-half, but chiefly three-fifths or two- thirds the length of the wing and contains a variously large number of veins. The radius always remains in the anterior half of the wing and occupies, with its forward-directed branches, the free portion of the front margin. The first of these veins is either simple or furcate or is divided into 3 to 5 twigs. The media stretches in a gentle curve to the lower end of the apical border or to the extremity of the poste- rior border and sends off forward a variously large number of more or lesscompound branches, mainly rather straight to the apical margin, which they almost entirely occupy. The cubitus, with its chiefly com- pound veinlets, takes up nearly the entire free inner border, and with its distal branches frequently reaches even to the lower end of the apical margin. The anal area extends one-third to two-fifths the length of the wing and contains a moderately large number of veins. The interealary venation is either more rugosely leathery or more cross wrinkled. (4) Regular cross lines do not seem to be developed. This genus, which is very abundant in forms, is spread over America and Kurope, and seems to represent the origin of many more highly specialized types. The species are found in the upper parts of the Carboniferous formation and in the lower portion of the Permian for- mation. JI am convinced that after further and more careful investiga- tion of more abundant material many of the succeeding species will be combined. Type of genus, Phyloblattu schrocteri (Giebel). PHYLOBLATTA COMMUNIS (Scudder). Etoblattina communis ScuppeEr (part), Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 93, pl. vu, fig. 10 (not figs. 11 to 17). Locality. Permian. Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower In my opinion, Scudder has united several species under the name Ktoblattina communis, from which I select the one represented in fig. 10 as the type. Cotype.—Cat. No. 38188, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA MACROPTERA Handlirsch. Etoblattina communis SCUDDER (part), Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 93, pl. vu, fig. 17 (not figs. 10 to 16). Locality.— Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38891, U.S.N.M. (ay PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. PHYLOBLATTA MACILENTA (Scudder). Etoblattina macilenta ScupprEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 101, pl. vit, fig. 9. Locality. —Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38163, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA MUCRONATA (Scudder). Etoblattina mucronata ScuppER, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 74, pl. v, fig. 3. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38199, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA MEDIANA (Scudder). Etoblattina mediana Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 69, pl. rv, fig. 4. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38198, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA OVATA (Scudder). Etoblattina ovata ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, pl. iv, fig. 6. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype. Cat. No. 38201, UW: S2N IM: PHYLOBLATTA DEDUCTA (Scudder). Gerablattina deducta Scupprr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 128, pl. x, fig. 15. Locality. Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38063, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA ABDICATA (Scudder). Gerablattina abdicata ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 118, pl. x, fig. 6. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype. —Cat. No. 38065, U.S.N.M. No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. ((ats) PHYLOBLATTA UNIFORMIS (Scudder). Gerablattina uniformis ScuppER (part), Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 120, pl. x, fig. 8 (not figs. 9 to 11). Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Y b) can) 7) Permian. In my opinion, the forms united by Seudder under the name (era- blattina uniformis belong in various species. Cat. No. 38177, U.S.N.M. Cotype. PHYLOBLATTA FUNERARIA (Scudder). Ktoblattina funeraria Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Suryv., No. 124, 1895, p. 78, pl. v, fig. 5. Locality. Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Cotype.—Cat. No. 38078, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA LATA (Scudder). *) Etoblattina lata ScuppErR, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 67, pl. Iv fig. 2. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38200, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA ANGUSTA (Scudder). Etoblattina angusta Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 100, pl. vin, fig. 8. Locality.— Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38185, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA RESIDUA (Scudder. ) Etoblattina residua ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 78, pl. ie how de Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38179, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA CASSVILLEANA, new species. Y Gerablattina wniformis ScuppER (part), Bull. U. p. 120, pl. x, fig. 10 (mot figs. 8, 9, 11). S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, Locality.— Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38892, U.S.N.M. 734 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. PHYLOBLATTA REGULARIS, new species. Gerablattina uniformis ScuppeR (part), Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 120, pl. x, fig. 9 (not figs. 8, 0; i): Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38893, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA ABBREVIATA, new species. Locality. Permian. Front wing, 17 mm. long, 24 times as long as broad. Costal area occupying more than two-thirds the length of the wing. Radius but Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Fig. 50.—PHYLOBLATTA ABBREVIATA. little vaulted, with 5 branches, of which only the second is compound. Media with one simple and 2 forked offshoots. Cubitus with about 6 branches, of which only the first is furcate. Distinct delicate cross veins. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38588, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA MACTATA (Scudder. ) Ktoblattina mactata ScuppkEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 92, pl. vit, figs 9: Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38081, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA EXPUGNATA (Scudder). EKtoblattina expugnata Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 102, Dla wxe tiga: Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 381938, U.S.N.M. No. 1441, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 735 PHYLOBLATTA OBATRA (Scudder). Etoblattina obutra ScuppeEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 108, pl. 1x, fig. 5. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Tlolutype.—Cat. No. 38087, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA ELATIOR, new species. toblattina communis ScuppER (part), Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 93, pl. vir, fig. 14 (not figs. 10 to 13, 15 to 17). Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38895, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA DICHOTOMA, new species. Etoblattina communis ScuppER (part), Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p: 93; pl. vu, fig: 11s (not figs: 10; 12) to! 17): Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Llolotype.—Cat. No. 88896, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA FRACTA, new species. Etoblattina communis ScuppER (part), Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 98, pl. vu, fig. 12 (not figs. 10, 11, 13 to 17). Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Folotype.—Cat. No. 38897, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA ARCUATA, new species. Etoblattina communis ScuppER (part), Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 98, pl. vu, fig. 13 (not figs. 10 to 12, 14 to 17). Locality. —Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype. Cat. No. 38898, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA MORTUA, new species. Etoblattina communis SCUDDER (part), Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 93, pl. vu, figs. 15, 16 (not figs. 10 to 14, 17). Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38899, U.S.N.M. Proe. N. M. vol. xxix—05——51 736 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. PHYLOBLATTA EXSECUTA (Scudder). Etoblattina exsecuta ScuppER, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 96, pl. vin, fig. 4. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38180, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA GRATIOSA (Scudder). Etoblattina gratiosa Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 90, pl. iv, fig. 5. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38166, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA VULGATA, new species. Etoblattina eapulsata ScuDDER (part), Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 89, pl. 1x, fig. 4 (not fig. 3). Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.— Cat. No. 38901, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA VIRGINIANA, new species. Etoblattina secreta ScuDDER (part), Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 105, pl. 1x, fig. 7 (not fig. 6). Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38902, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA IMMOLATA (Scudder). Etoblattina immolata ScupDER (part), Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 92, pl. vu, fig. 7 (not fig. 8). Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Cotype.—Cat. No. 38079, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA DEBILIS, new species. Etoblattina immolata ScupDER (part), Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 92, pl. vu, fig. 8. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38903, U.S.N.M. pena Na oe ae No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. eon PHYLOBLATTA ACCUBITA (Scudder). Etoblattina accubita Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 88, pl. vi, fig. 2. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38169, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA EXPULSATA (Scudder). Etoblattina expulsata ScuppDER (part), Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 89, pl. vir, fig. 3 (not fig. 4). Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Cotype.—Cat. No. 38178, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA MACERATA (Scudder). Etoblattina macerata ScuppEr, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 91, pl. vit, fig. 6. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. FHolotype.—Cat. No. 38183, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA IMPERFECTA (Scudder). Etoblattina imperfecta ScuppeErR, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 104, pl. 1x, fig. 8 : Locality. —Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38083, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA SECRETA (Scudder). Etoblattina secreta ScuDDER (part), Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Suryv., No. 124, 1895, p. 105, pisix, HomGs(nottie. 7): Locality. —Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38167, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA CONCINNA (Scudder). Gerablattina concinna ScuppER (part), Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 119, plex igs 4s (mottos a). Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38172, U.S.N.M. Woe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. PHYLOBLATTA SCUDDERIANA, new species. Gerablattina concinna ScuppeR (part), Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, pe LOS plex. fie. + (notion): Locality. —Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. flolotype.—Cat. No. 38904, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA PRADULCIS (Scudder). Etoblattina preedulcis ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 98, pl. vii, fig. 12. Locatlity.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.— Cat. No. 38165, U.S.N.M. PHYLOBLATTA ROGI (Scudder). Etoblattina rogi Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 102, pl. 1x, figs. 2,3. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia, Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38088, U.S.N.M. ? PHYLOBLATTA DIMIDIATA, new species. Gerablattina uniformis ScuppeER (part), Bull. OU. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1595, pa l20% pix, tots lil. (not figs. 8 ton). Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38905, U.S.N.M. ? PHYLOBLATTA REBAPTIZATA, new species. Poroblattina gratiosa Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 136, plexiang, 13: Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38106, U.S.N.M. ? PHYLOBLATTA HILLIANA. Etoblattina hiliana Scupper, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 99, pl. vim, jokee,, 1 Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. | This, unfortunately, still imperfectly known form perhaps belongs in another genus. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38069, U.S.N.M. No. 141. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 739 ? PHYLOBLATTA SELLARDSII, new species, Etoblattina hilliana? SevuaARps (not Scudder), Amer. Jour. Sei. (4), X VIEL, 1894, Dacia pla) fies: Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. © Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. Similar to the preceding form, but probably to be regarded as a distinct species. ? PHYLOBLATTA OCCIDENTALIS (Scudder). Etoblattina occidentalis ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 410, pl. xxx11, fig. 4. Locality.—Lawrence, Kansas) Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. : This form also perhaps belongs in another genus. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38071, U.S.N.M. DISTATOBLATTA, new genus. Nearly related to Phyloblatta. Front wing similarly formed, 23 times as long as broad. Costal area extended only a little beyond the middle of the wing. Radius proceeding in an almost straight course to the end of the anterior margin, with 6 simple or feebly branched offshoots. Media strongly vaulted, continuing to the middle of the apical border, with 3 long veinlets branching off forward. Cubitus strongly developed, stretching obliquely to the second third of the posterior border, with 6 branches directed backward; in addition, however, there are 38 compound branches running out forward to the apical margin. Anal area rather short. No cross veins. DISTATOBLATTA PERSISTENS (Scudder. ) Etoblattina persistens ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 459, pl. xu, fig. 9; pls xi, fies! 10F 19: Locality. —Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. METAXYS, new genus. Front wing inclining somewhat to a cordate form, with rather broadly rounded apex, twice as long as wide. Costal area broad, half as long as the wing, inclining to a triangular shape, with 5 or 6 veins, some of which appear to be given off at the base of the wing. Radius strongly vaulted, not reaching to the apex; its branches directed toward the front margin; the first is furcate, the second twice forked, and thirdand fourth are simple. Media not strongly arcuate; its ram- bling compound branches directed forward toward the apical margin. Cubitus with few very strongly branched offshoots taking up the entire free inner margin. Analarea attaining two-fifths the length of 740 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. the wing. The intercalary venation consists of irregular cross veins, thus causing the wing to appear reticulate. This form is closely connected with Phy/oblatta, and differs prinei- pally in the form of the costal area. METAXYS FOSSA (Scudder). Etoblattina fossa ScuppeEr, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 70, pl. tv, fig. 5. Locality.— Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. AMOEBOBLATTA, new genus. This genus stands very close to Phyloblatta, but differs in the expan- sion of the radius, which spreads over a large part of the apical mar- gin, together with a reduction of the anastomosing media. Costal area extending almost four-fifths the length of the wing. Radius with 3 furcate and 1 simple branches, which occupy the larger part of the apical border. Media with but 1 short branch. Cubitus normal, with 7 simple offshoots. Anal area large, with 7 veins. The form of the wing appears to be like that in Phyloblatta, about 23 times as long as broad. Cross veins are present. AMOEBOBLATTA PERMANENTA (Scudder). Gerablattina permanenta ScuppeEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 121, pl. X, fig. 2: Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38064, U.S.N.M.. LIPAROBLATTA, new genus. Related to Phyloblatta, but differing in the broader, more oval form of the wings, which are not quite twice as long as wide. The costal area extends nearly four-fifths the length of the wing and is band- shaped. The radius sends 3 to 4 variously branched members for- ward and takes up the upper part of the apical margin. The media proceeds obliquely to the end of the inner border and sends out 2 to 4 branches forward to the apical margin. The cubitus, with its 4 to 5 offshoots, occupies the greater portion of the posterior border. Anal area large, but short, with a limited number of branches. Cross veins are to be seen. Type of genus, Liparoblatta ovata (Scudder). No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 741 LIPAROBLATTA OVATA (Scudder). Gerablattina ovata ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 126, pl. x1, fig. 4. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Tlolotype. Catz No. 38170> U.S.N.M. LIPAROBLATTA RADIATA (Scudder). Gerablattina radiata Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 124, [SL omexalicnata Oo lle Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lowe1 Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38175, U.S.N.M. BRADYBLATTA, new genus. Related to Phyloblatta and Liparoblatta, but differs in the much more bluntly cordate form of the wing, the length of which amounts to not quite twice the breadth. The relatively narrow, band-shaped costal area extends three-fifths the length of the wing. With its last branches, the radius continues down to the apical margin; it sends out 5 branches anteriorly, the first two of which always separate into 3 twigs. The media gives off 5 simple, parallel branches forward to the apical border. The cubitus is normally formed, with 7 offshoots branching backward. Anal area very large and not longer than high, with about 5 to 6 veins. Cross veins are not to be seen. BRADYBLATTA SAGITTARIA (Scudder). Etoblattina sagittaria ScuppErR, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 68, pl. Iv, fig. 3. Locality. Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 88171, U.S.N.M. EXOCHOBLATTA, new genus. In form similar to Lradyblatta. Front wing cordate, twice as long as broad. Costal area band-shaped, but only half as long as the wing. Radius.forming successively one simple branch, then one 4-parted, then one forked, and finally one more simple one, which take up the entire anterior margin. ‘The media appears quite uniquely con- structed ; it advances in a short curve to the middle of the posterior margin and sends out toward the apical border 3 branches that are nearly parallel with each other as well as with the inner margin. The strongly reduced cubitus forms but 2 furcate offshoots, and the large anal area contains several compound veins. No cross veins. 742 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. EXOCHOBLATTA HASTATA (Scudder). Petrablattina hastata Scupprer, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 141, pl. x1, fig. 10. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38205, U.S.N.M.- ACOSMOBLATTA, new genus. This genus is likewise derived from the Phyloblatta type, from which it is distinguished by a strong reduction of the radius with a corresponding enlargement of the media. The form of the wing is like that in Phyloblatta, about 24 times as iong as broad. The band-shaped costal area takes up at least two-thirds the length of the wing. The radius does not extend quite to the tip of the wing and gives off anteriorly but 2 simple branches; instead, however, the first branch of the media separates in 4 to 5 twigs. The 3 following branches of the media are normally directed toward the apical margin. The cubi- tus, as well as the anal area, are similar to those in Phyloblatta. Cross veins very delicate. Type of genus, Acosmoblatta permacra (Scudder). ACOSMOBLATTA PERMACRA (Scudder). Gerablatlina permacra ScuppER, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 121, pl. Xe like, 1h Locality. —Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. ACOSMOBLATTA EAKINIANA (Scudder). Etoblattina eakiniana ScupprErR, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 88, pl. vais, dave, Ihe Locality. —Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. fHlolotype.—Cat. No. 38169, U.S.N.M. AMBLYBLATTA, new genus. Front wing broad, truncate, with somewhat diminished base, twice as long as wide. Costal area band-shaped, occupying nearly the entire anterior margin. Radius vaulted and ending nearly in the center of the apical border, with 2 furcate and 2 simple branches. Media strongly arcuate, with 2 dichotomous and 1 simple offshoots, which are directed forward toward the apical margin. The arcuation of the cubitus is S-shaped, and the vein fuses in the apical margin, with 7 mainly simple branches directed backward. Anal area short, defined by a very strongly curved fold, with 5 veins. Distinct tremulous cross lines. No. M41. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 743 AMBLYBLATTA LATA (Scudder). Gerablattina lata ScuppeEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 125, pl. x1 fies 2; ’ Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38174, U.S.N.M. PENETOBLATTA, new genus. Front wing broad, truncate, about twice as long as wide. Costal area reaching three-fourths the length of the wing. Radius vaulted, extending to the middle of the apical margin, with 4 more or less com- pound veins directed forward. Media divided into 2 principal stems, each of which forms about 5 twigs. The twigs of the main anterior branch run off backward and end in the apical border; those of the main posterior branch take up a portion of the inner margin, In consequence of this, the cubitus is somewhat more reduced and forms only about + branches, which occupy the central part of the posterior border. The cross veins are not well developed, being partially or wholly replaced by a close network. Type of genus, Penetoblatta wirginiensis (Scudder). PENETOBLATTA VIRGINIENSIS (Scudder). Anthracoblattina virginiensis ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 130, pl. x1, fig. 8. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38104, U.S.N.M. PENETOBLATTA ROTUNDATA (Scudder). Gerablattina rotundata ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 126, joe Sag iites Se Locality. Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype. Cat. No. 38171, U.S.N.M. PAREINOBLATTA, new genus. Front wing shaped like that in Phyloblatta, 24 times as long as broad. Costal area very narrow, extending two-thirds the length of the wing. Radius slightly vaulted and stretching toward the upper part of the apical border; its first branch consists of 5 twigs, while the second and third are simply forked. Media anastomosing with the radius to the first third of the length of the wing, then directed obliquely to the extremity of the inner margin, with + simple off- 744 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. shoots reaching forward to the apical border. The cubitus with its 6 branches takes up the greater part of the posterior margin. No cross veins are to be seen. Perhaps this genus will be combined with Phyloblatta. PAREINOBLATTA EXPUNCTA (Scudder). Etoblattina expuncta ScuppErR, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 79, pl. v, fig. 6. Locality.— Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. flolotype.—Cat. No. 88192, U.S.N.M. = MMP EP YOR IZA iA mew, genus: Front wing similarly shaped as in Phy/lodblatta, about 24 times as long as wide. Costal area broad, reaching two-thirds the length of the wing. Radius extending in a nearly straight course to the upper part of the apical margin, with about 6 to 7 regular simple branches. As in Pareinoblatta, the media and the radius are united almost to the first third of the length of the wing, then the latter advances obliquely to the extremity of the inner margin, with 3 (or 4 ?) simple offshoots directed toward the apical border. Cubitus with its 3 (or 4 4) in part furcating branches taking up the greater part of the posterior edge. — Anal area large, with 8 veins. Cross veins present. Perhaps this genus also will be combined with Phyloblatta. SYMPHYOBLATTA DEBILIS (Scudder). Etoblattina debilis ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 71, pl. tv, fig. 8. Locality. Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38197, U.S.N.M. AP EVP ELE RUS) nliew, qenuis: Front wing shaped like that in Phy/oblatta, 24 to 23 times as long as broad, costal area extending one-half to two-thirds the length of the wing. Radius slightly vaulted and*fusing with the end of the anterior margin, with 4 to 7 branches. Media continuing obliquely to the extremity of the inner border, with 3 to 5 branches running off forward toward the apical margin and some running off backward to the posterior border. Cubitus reduced, with its about 5 veins taking up only the middle portion of the posterior margin. Anal area with “numerous veins. No cross veins to be seen. Type of genus, Apempherus complexinervis (Scudder). No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INS#CTS—HANDLIRSCH, 745 APEMPHERUS COMPLEXINERVIS (Scudder). Poroblattina complexinervis Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, Job Wah) jolly ett, tee Hee Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38204, U.S.N.M. APEMPHERUS FOSSUS (Scudder). Porablattina fossa ScuppEr, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., No, 124, 1895, p. 137, pl. x1, fig. 15. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38208, U.S.N.M. ENO BE AvmawA menve Genus: Front wing subelliptical, 25 times as long as broad, costal area reaching three-fifths to three-fourths the length of the wing, band- shaped. The radius with its branches takes up the free portion of the upper margin and the greater part of the apical margin; its superior branch forms 3 to + twigs. The few offshoots of the media branch off forward and are directed obliquely backward to the end of the apical border. The cubitus does’ not reach the apical margin. The anal area occupies about two-fifths the length of the wing. The inter- calary venation consists of delicate, irregular, somewhat crinkled cross veins. Type of genus, Xenoblatta fraterna (Scudder). One European species also belongs to this genus. XENOBLATTA FRATERNA (Scudder). Gerablattina fraterna ScuppER, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 101, 1898, p. 19, pl. 1, figs. d, f; No. 124, 1895, pl. x, fig. 16. Locality.—Kast Providence, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; Ten- mile series; Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38059, U.S.N.M. OLETHROBLATTA, new genus. Front wing broadly elliptical, twice as long as wide, with very strongly arched front margin and symmetrically rounded apical border. Costal area of moderate breadth, band-shaped attaining three-fifths the length of the wing, with about 8 to 10 chiefly simple veins. Radius comparatively stout, directed forward, with 5 more or less compound veins oriented toward the anterior margin, the first of which remains simple. The media continues in a gentle curve through the middle of the wing and sends out 3 rarely compound branches forward to the 746 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXTR. apical Marein. ‘The slightly vaulte d eapitue reaches to the extre amity of the apical border and gives off 5 to 7 mainly simple branches to the inner margin. The anal area, which is marked off by a strongly curved fold, takes up two-fifths the length of the wing. The inter- ‘alary venation consists of delicate, closely crowded, undulating cross veins. By the rounded form of the wing, the feebly branched veins, and the structure of the radius, this genus is adequately characterized. Type of genus, Olethroblatta intermedia (Goldenberg). OLETHROBLATTA AMERICANA, new species. Locality.—Sharp Mountain Gap, near Tremont, Pennsylvania; Anthracite series; stage ? Fig. 51.—OLETHROBLATTA AMERICANA. Length of the front wing, 17 mm. Cubitus with 5 unforked branches. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38720, U.S.N.M. STYGETOBLATTA, new genus. Front wing about twice as long as broad, probably more kidney- shaped. Costal area remarkably w ride and extending three-fourths the length of the wing, with 7 or 8 mostly simple veins. Radius forked about in the middle of the wing; its superior branch separated into 3 twigs, which continue to the anterior margin; the inferior offshoot not very strongly compound, with its branches directed toward the apical border. The media remains undivided beyond the middle of the wing and then separates into few veinlets, which are oriented toward the tip and inner margin. The cubitus with its few branches appears not quite to fill up the inner margin. The anal area is defined by a very strongly curved fold and contains only a limited number of veins. The surface of the wing appears leathery with a fine grain, and shows no cross veins. A genus very well characterized by the broad costal area. ————E——_—————_ No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 747 STYGETOBLATTA LATIPENNIS, new species. Locality. —Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Fig. 52.—STYGETOBLATTA LATIPENNIS. Length of the front wing, about 16 mm. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38642, U.S.N.M. METACHORUS, new genus. Front wing of nearly cordate outline, about twice as long as broad. Costal area short, triangular, and not extending beyond half the length of the wing, with about + to 5 veins issuing successively from the subcosta. Radius divided into 2 main branches almost equally compound, the first of which sends out its twigs to the anterior bor- der, while the twigs of the main inferior branch fuse in the apical margin. Media with 1 to 2 branches extending forward toward the lower portion of the tip. Cubitus strongly vaulted, with only 3 or 4 branches. The large anal area, defined by a strongly curved fold, reaches nearly half the length of the wing. In one species I discern distinct, delicate cross lines between the veins. Type of genus, Metachorus testudo (Scudder). METACHORUS TESTUDO (Scudder). Promylacris testudo Scupper, Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 403, pl. xx x11, fig. 6. Locality.x—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Plesiotype.—Cat. No. 38158, U.S.N.M. 748 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. | METACHORUS STRIOLATUS, new species. | Locality.—Indian Territory. Pennsylvanian; / Allegheny stage. | Length of the front wing, 15 mm. Costal area somewhat shorter } than in Metachorus testudo. Fine, close cross stripes are distinctly | to be seen. Fig, ps uvmemienonus STRIOLATUS. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35386, U.S.N.M. Collector, J. A. Taff, of the U. S. Geological Survey. : } 7 OXYNOBLATTA, new genus. | Front wing cordate, twice as long as wide, and running off rather | pointed. Costal area broad, not reaching quite two-thirds the length of the wing, with about 4 to 5 oblique veins, issuing successively from the subcosta. Radius divided into 2 main branches, and each of these into 4 twigs, all of which end in the front margin. The strongty arcuate media sends off 2 compound and 1 simple branches forward | to the tip of the wing and to the extremity of the posterior margin. Like the media, the cubitus is vaulted and sends out 1 compound | and 4 simple branches to the inner margin. The anal area occupies about two-fifths the length of the wing. Structure leathery. ; Type of genus, Oxynoblatta alutacea, new species. ‘ OXYNOBLATTA ALUTACEA, new species. Locality.—Furnace Hollow, near mouth of Labor Creek, Wayne County, West Virginia. Allegheny series. remarkably pointed shape. \ | Fic. 54.—OXYNOBLATTA ALUTACEA. Length of the front wing, about 14 mm. Distinguished by the No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 749 [olotype.—Cat. No. 35381, U.S.N.M. Collected by Messrs. M. R. Campbell and W. C. Mendenhall, of the U.S. Geological Survey. ?OXYNOBLATTA TRIANGULARIS (Scudder). Paromylacris triangularis ScuppER, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 52, pl. 1m, fig. 3. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ? (Allegheny) stage. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38046, U.S.N.M. ? OXYNOBLATTA AMERICANA (Scudder). Anthracoblattina americana ScuppER, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 129, jell, Sees tite 77 Clinton, Missouri. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning (Alle- Locality. gheny) stage. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38162, U.S.N.M. DISCOBLATTA, new genus. Front wing not quite twice as long as broad, oval. Costal area extending two-thirds the length of the wing, wide, with few veins very obliquely arranged. The branches of the slightly vaulted radius continue obliquely to the anterior margin and the first of these sepa- rates into 3 twigs, while the + succeeding ones are simple or furcate. The media sends out 2 strongly compound branches forward, nearly horizontally, to the apical border. The well-developed, slightly vaulted cubitus advances to the lower end of the apical border, which it entirely fills with its 8 more or less compound branches. The anal area is comparatively short, and is limited by a strongly curved vein. No mention is made of cross veins. DISCOBLATTA SCHOLFIELDI (Scudder). Etoblattina scholfieldi ScuppER, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 101, 1893, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. b; No. 124, 1895, p. 71, pl. rv, fig. 7. Locality.—East Providence, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; ‘Ten- nile series; Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38076, U.S.N.M. ARCHIMYLACRIDS OF DOUBTFUL SYSTEMATIC POSI- TION. NECYMYLACRIS LACOANA Scudder. Necymylacris lacoana ScuppErR, Mem. Boston Soc., [I], 1879, p. 53, pl. v, fig. 12. Locality.—Boston Mine, Pittston, Pennsylvania. Upper transition group. This form may be regarded as type of the genus Veeymylacris. folotype.—Cat. No. 38057, U.S.N.M. 750 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, (ARCHIMYLACRIDZ) EXILIS (Scudder). Etoblattina exilisScupper, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 101, 1893, p. 17, pl. 11, fig. e; No. 124, 1895, p. 101, pl. 1x, fig. 1. Locality.—Kast Providence, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; Ten- mile series; Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. (ARCHIMYLACRIDA2) SEPULTA (Scudder). Blattina sepulta ScuppER, Proc. Amer. Assoc., XXIV, B, 1876, p. 111, fig. 2. Petrablattina sepulta ScuppErR, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1879, p. 125, pl. v1, fig. 7. Locality.—Sydney, Cape Breton. Middle Coal formation; ¢ Alle- vheny stage. (ARCHIMYLACRIDA) MEIERI (Scudder). Petrablattina meieri ScuppER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 38; Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 465, pl. xin, fig. 17. Poroblattina meieri ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 138. Locality.—Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. (ARCHIMYLACRIDE) PERITA (Scudder). Gerablattina perita ScuppER, Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Sury., No 124, 1895, p. 114, pl. rx, fig. 17. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. [olotype.—Cat. No. 38061, U.S.N-M. (ARCHIMYLACRIDZ) INCULTA (Scudder). Gerablattina inculta Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 113, pl. TX. Ho elG: Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38173, U.S.N.M. (ARCHIMYLACRIDZ) JEFFERSONIANA (Scudder). Etoblattina jeffersoniana ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 77, pl. We 18K. Lhe Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. PETRABLATTINA AEQUA Scudder. Petrablattina wqua ScupvpeER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 38; Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 465, pl. xxu, fig. 13. Locality.—Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. This unfortunately very imperfectly preserved form must be recog- nized as the type of the genus Petrablattina, it appears to be closely related to Phyloblatta. No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 751 (ARCHIMYLACRIDZE) EVERSA (Scudder). Gerablattina eversa ScuppER, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 122, pl. x, fig. 14. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Is most probably a species of Phyloblatta. Holotype.— Cat. No. 38066, U.S.N. IM. (ARCHIMYLACRIDZ) CORIACEA (Sellards). Etoblattina coriacea SELLARDS, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VIII, 1904, p. 218, fig. 29, jolts ity 1ivege THE. Locality.—Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. Family SPILOBLATTINIDA, new family. In this family I unite a series of forms from the upper part of the Upper Carboniferous and from the Permian formation of Kurope and America. These forms permit themselves to be readily derived from the archimylacrids, from which they differ only in a character of rela- tively limited morphological importance. Inthecentral portion of the front wing the interspaces between the main veins are remarkably broad, and it seems as though the wing membrane in this place must have been very delicate, for on the impression along the veins there is always a thicker edge, in which remnants of cross veins are to be seen; these, however, do not extend over the entire interval, so that in all large interspaces fenestrate, empty patches occur. The costal area is always band shaped, of various lengths, and the branches of the subcosta successively arise in a pectinate manner. The radius separates either in 2 widely compound main branches or it sends out forward a larger number of feebly compound offshoots. The media only rarely divides into 2 equally branched principal stems, but mainly forms a series of branches running out forward; posteri- orly the branches run out ina single fold. The cubitus is formed like that in the archimylacrids, as well as the anal area, the veins of which always end in the inner margin. SVoClOPHMLE BIA, new genus. Front wing subreniform, with strongly arcuate front margin and slightly eurved inner border, about 25 times as long as wide, with more or less broadly rounded apical edge. Costal area reaching at least one-half and rarely more than two-thirds the length of the wing. The branches of the media always run off forward and are directed toward the apical margin. The branches of the radius take up the entire anterior margin; those of the cubitus the entire posterior bor- der. Anal area marked off by a strongly curved fold. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05 52 (sy PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, Numerous forms from Europe and America. Type of genus, Sysciophlebia euglyptina (Germar). I am convinced that, after a careful investigation of very abundant material, many of the species separated by me will be combined. However, in order that an arbitrary association may be avoided, it will be necessary first to determine exactly the limits of variation in recent forms. So long as that is not done, I consider it advisable to separate the fossil forms rather than unnaturally and arbitrarily to unite them. SYSCIOPHLEBIA ARCUATA (Sellards). Gerablattina arcuata Setuarps, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VIII, 1904, p. 216, fig. 1, foley ai rks Locality.—Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. SYSCIOPHLEBIA WHITE, new species. Locality. —Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Length of the front wing, 26mm. Costal area narrow, extending three-fourths the — length of the wing. The 5 ¥ ee branches of the radius are : os Yip directed obliquely forward, een 17, LE the first being furcate, the ry : second twice divided. Media with few offshoots directed forward. Cubitus strongly arcuate, with 7 or 8 simple branches. Anal area with 7 veins. The wing has a more kidney-shaped form, and is more than 23 times as long as wide. The veins are distinctly bordered. The specific name is in honor of Dr. David White of the U.S. Geo- logical Survey. flolotype. —Cat. No. 38697, U.S.N.M. Fic. 55.—SyScloPHLEBIA WHITEI. SYSCIOPHLEBIA SCUDDERI, new species. Etoblattina gracilenta ScuppER (part), Bull. U. 8. Geol. Suryv., No. 124, 1895, p. 95, fig. 7 (not fig. 6). Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. It seems to me that Scudder has combined several species under Ltoblattina gracilenta. sh ab oe ee No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 758 ————— SYSCIOPHLEBIA HYBRIDA, new species. Etoblattina maledicta ScuppeER (part), Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 83, pl. vi, fig. 3 (not figs. 1, 2). Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. SYSCIOPHLEBIA MALEDICTA (Scudder). Etoblattina maledicta ScuppkErR (part), Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 83, a pl. vi, fig. 1 (not figs. 2, 3). Locality. —Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. SYSCIOPHLEBIA BENEDICTA (Scudder). Etoblattina benedicta ScupprErR, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 84, pl. v, fig. 4. Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. SYSCIOPHLEBIA SELLARDSII, new species. Spiloblattina maledicta Seruarps (not Seudder) (part), Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XVIII, 1904, p. 214, fig. 26, pl. 1, fig. 5 (not figs. 6, 10). Locality.— Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shale. I do not regard this form as identical with Sysciophlebia maledicta Scudder or S. benedicta Scudder, since it differs from both in many respects and comes from quite other beds. In my opinion, Sellards goes much too far in the association of forms, and if we should follow his example, we must unite all Carboniferous blattids in few species. SYSCIOPHLEBIA LAWRENCEANA, new species. Spiloblattina maledicta SeuuaRps (not Scudder) (part), Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XVIII, 1904, p. 214, fig. 27, pl. 1, fig. 6 (not figs. 5, 10). Locality.—Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. I consider this species sufficiently distinct from the preceding, and also believe that among the intermediate forms mentioned by Sellards other species will yet be found, of which, naturally, I can form no opinion so long.as they are not figured. SYSCIOPHLEBIA AFFINIS, new species. Etoblattina benedicta ScuppER (part), Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 84, pl. v, fig. 15 (not fig. 14). Locatlity.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. This appears to be different trom /toblattina benedicta Scudder. 754 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. SYSCIOPHLEBIA RAMOSA (Scudder). Etoblattina ramosa ScupveEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 81, pl. v, fig. 12. Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. SYSCIOPHLEBIA VARIEGATA (Scudder). Etoblattina variegata ScuppErR, Proc. Boston Soc., XXIV, 1889, p. 51; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 99, pl. vu, fig. 10. Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. SYSCIOPHLEBIA SCHUCHERTI, new species. Locality.—Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. Front wing, 26 mm. long, 25 times as long as broad. Costal area half as long as the wing. Radius with 6 branches, the first (3-parted) 4 to eee f ete 2 - Fic. 56.—SYSCIOPHLEB[A SCHUCHERTI. and second (furcate) of which arise from one point; the third and fourth offshoots are forked, the fifth and sixth, simple. The media forms 3 compound branches, the cubitus about 7 simple ones. Veins distinctly bordered. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38691, U.S.N.M. SYSCIOPHLEBIA PICTA, new species. Locality.—Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. ro Fic. 57.—SYSCIOPHLEBIA PICTA. Length of the front wing, 22 mm. The costal area extends half the length of the wing. Radius with 4 branches, the first of which ) No, 1441, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 755 forms 2 twigs, the second and third always 3 twigs. Media with 3 or 4 offshoots. Veins bordered. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38673, U.S.N.M. SYSCIOPHLEBIA ADUMBRATA, new species. Locality. —Wils Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Length of the front wing, about 26 mm. Scarcely 23 times as long as broad. Costal area hardly more than half as long as the wing. Fig. 58.—SYSCIOPHLEBIA ADUMBRATA. Radius with 4 branches, of which the first forms 3, the second, 6, and the third, 3 twigs. Media with 4 branches. Cubitus extended, with about 9 chiefly simple branches. Veins bordered. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38640, U.S.N.M. SYSCIOPHLEBIA FUNESTA (Scudder). Etoblattina funesta ScuppveEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 85, pl. v1, fig. 4. Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. SYSCIOPHLEBIA ROTUNDATA, new species. Locality.—Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Fig, 59—SyscloPHLEBIA ROTUNDATA. Front wing, 23 mm. long, less than 24 times as long as broad. Cos- tal area attaining two-thirds the length of the wing. Radius with 5 branches, the first, second, and fourth of which are furcate. Media 756 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, XXIX, with 3 simple ‘offshoots. Cubitus raulted, with 7 br anches, the first of which is forked. Apical border broadly rounded, [lolotype. Cat. No. 38651, U.S.N.M. SYSCIOPHLEBIA NANA, new species. Locality.— Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Front wing, 20 mm. long, not quite 25 times as long as broad. Costal area reaching half the length of the wing. Radius with 5 Fic. 60—SYSCIOPHLEBIA NANA. branches, the first, third, fourth, and fifth of which are forked, and the second is divided into 3 twigs. Media with 2 offshoots. Cubitus with 8 simple branches directed backward, and with one offshoot directed backward. Veins bordered. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38648, U.S.N.M. SYSCIOPHLEBIA OBTUSA, new species. Locality.—W ills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Front wing, 22 mm. long, scarcely 2% times as long as wide. Costal area extending half the length of the wing, and obliquely truncate at N -~- —= ‘ FIG. 61.—SYSCIOPHLEBIA OBTUSA. the end. Radius with 5 branches, the second of which is twice furcate, all others being simply forked. Media with 2 compound branches. Cubitus with about 8 or 9 simple offshoots. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38660, U.S.N.M. No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. (ays SYSCIOPHLEBIA ACUTIPENNIS, new species. Local’ty.—W ills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Front wing, about 29 mm. long, fully 23 times as long as broad, and more pointed than in the other species. Costal area reaching some- SSeS ee OS males S eS oe what beyond half the length of the wing. Radius with 6 almost uni- formly fureate branches and with one simple veinlet. Media with 3 offshoots. Cubitus strongly vaulted, with about 7 more or less com- pound branches turning backward, and with one forked offshoot branch- ing forward. Veins bordered. flolotype.—Cat. No. 38639, U.S.N.M. SYSCIOPHLEBIA HASTATA (Scudder). Etoblattina hastata ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 94, pl. vit, fig. 1. ‘Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. SYSCIOPHLEBIA FASCIATA (Scudder). Etoblattina fasciata Scupper, Proce. Boston Soc., XXIV, 1889, p. 47; Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 81, pl. v, fig. 11. Local’ty.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. SYSCIOPHLEBIA MARGINATA (Scudder). Etoblattina marginata ScuppER, Proc. Boston Soc., XXIV, 1889, p. 48; Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 95, pl. viru, fig. 2. Locality.— Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. SYSCIOPHLEBIA APICALIS (Scudder). Gerablattina apicals ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 114, pl. 1b Taker Ike Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. 758 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, SYSCIOPHLEBIA CASSVICI (Scudder). Gerablattina cassvici ScupperR, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 117, pl. 2G 1NKIS Pe Gv- Locality. —Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38176, U.S.N.M. SYSCIOPHLEBIA DIVERSIPENNIS (Scudder). Gerablattina diversipennis Scupper, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 115, plexes 5: Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. SYSCIOPHLEBIA OCCULTA (Scudder). Etoblattina occulta ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 107, pl. 1x, fig. 13. : Locality. Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 88085, U.S.N.M. SYSCIOPHLEBIA PATIENS (Scudder). Etoblatlina patiens ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 73, pl. rv, 10K 1S). Locality. Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38184, U.S.N.M. ? SYSCIOPHLEBIA RECIDIVA (Scudder). Etoblattina reeidiva ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 109, pl. rx, fig. 14. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38202, U.S.N.M. SYSCIOPHLEBIA TRIASSICA (Scudder). Spiloblattina triassica ScuppER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 36; Mem. Boston Soe., IV, 1890, p. 461, pl. xut, fig. 1. Locality. — Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. SYSCIOPHLEBIA GUTTATA (Scudder). Spiloblattina guttata ScuppER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 36; Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 461, pl. xu, fig. 2; pl. xu, fig. 14. Locality. —Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. . ; - No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 759 SYSCIOPHLEBIA FENESTRATA, new species. Spiloblattina gardinert Scupper (part), Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, ». 461, Tol, Sam yyay, wiley; te) Locality.—Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. SYSCIOPHLEBIA INVISA (Scudder). Etoblattina invisa ScuppER, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 106, pl. rx, fig. 9. Locality. —Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38164, U.S.N.M. DICLADOBLATTA, new genus. Very closely related to the genus Sysc/ophlebia, differing princi- pally in the structure of the media, which separates into 2 equivalent, widely ramifying, main branches. ‘The costal area extends half the length of the wing and is of more pointed, triangular form. The equivalent branches of the radius proceed forward and are feebly com- pound. Cubitus, form of the wing, and anal area like those in Syscto) hlehia. Type of genus, /7cladoblatta tenuis (Scudder). DICLADOBLATTA TENUIS (Scudder). Etoblattina tenwis ScuppER, Proc. Boston Soe., XXIV, 1889, p. 46; Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 87, pl. v1, fig. 6. Locality.—Kichmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. DICLADOBLATTA WILLSIANA (Scudder). Etoblattina willsiana ScuppER, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 82, pl. v, fig. 13. Locality.— Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. DICLADOBLATTA DEFOSSA (Scudder). ’ Ktoblattina defossa Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 108, pl. rx, fig. 12. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38194, U.S.N.M. ? DICLADOBLATTA MARGINATA (Scudder). Spiloblaitina marginata ScuppER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 37; Mem. 30ston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 461, pl. xu, fig. 3. Locality.—F airplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. 760 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, SYSCIOBLATTA, new genus. Very similar to the two preceding genera. Costal area band shaped, extending one-half to two-thirds the length of the wing. Radius divided into 2 main offshoots, the superior of which sends out anteriorly at least 4, but usually more twigs, while the inferior one branches off in various ways. Media with few branches directed forward. Cubitus, anal area, and form of the wing like those in the foregoing genera. Veins usually distinetly bordered. Type of genus, Syscioblatta dohrnii (Scudder). SYSCIOBLATTA EXSENSA (Scudder). Etoblattina exsensa ScuppkEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 86, pl. v1, figs. 7, 8. Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. SYSCIOBLATTA OBSCURA, new species. Etoblattina maledicta ScuppER (part), Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 83, pl. v1, fig. 2 (not figs. 1, 3). Locality. —Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames kimestone. SYSCIOBLATTA ANOMALA, new species. Locality.—Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. A fragment of a very slender front wing, about 25 mm. long. The superior branch of the radius separates into at least 6 (probably more) FIG. 683—SYSCIOBLATTA ANOMALA. twigs. Near its extremity the media first sends out anteriorly 5 short simple branches. ‘The cubitus forms about 10, almost entirely simple offshoots. Veins distinctly bordered. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38653, U.S.N.M. SYSCIOBLATTA MINOR, new species. - Locality.—Witls Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. (oul A large piece, about 20 mm. long, from the middle of a long front wing, the length of which may have mounted to somewhat less than 2+ times the breadth. Costal area extending about three-fifths the FIG. 64.—SYSCIOBLATTA MINOR. length of the-wing. Superior branch of the radius with 4 twigs, inferior branch with about 8. Media with 2 (or 3/4) branches. Cubitus with about 6 simple or fureate offshoots. Veins bordered. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38665, U.S.N.M. Yd ; SYSCIOBLATTA HUSTONI (Scudder). Etoblattina hustoni ScuppER, Proc. Boston Soc., XXIV, 1889, p. 53; Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 87, pl. v1, fig. 9. Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. SYSCIOBLATTA GRACILENTA (Scudder). Etoblattina gracilenta ScuppER (part), Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895 p- 95, pl. vit, fig. 6 (not fig. 7). ’ Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. SYSCIOBLATTA STEUBENVILLEANA, new species. Locality.—Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Front wing, 24 mm. long, 24 times as long as broad. Costal area reaching two-thirds the length of the wing. Superior branch of the FIG. 65.—SYSCIOBLATTA STEUBENVILLEANA. radius separated into 6 twigs, the inferior branch intoabout 5. Media with 2 short offshoots. Cubitus with about 8 to 9 mainly simple branches. Veins bordered. Flolotype.—Cat. No. 38671, U.S.N.M. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX,- SYSCIOBLATTA MISERA, new species. Locality. —Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Front wing, 28 mm. long, 24 times as long as broad, costal area attaining three-fifths the length of the wing. Superior branch of the FIG. 66.—SYSCIOBLATTA MISERA. radius with 5 offshoots, inferior branch probably with 6 twigs. Media with 2 or 3 short branches. Cubitus with 4 furcate branches extend- ing backward and one branching off anteriorly. Veins bordered. [Tolotype.—Cat. No. 38658, U.S.N.M. SPL @ BEAT EEN AS Scudder: Very nearly related to the preceding genera. Front wing rather slender, 25 to 3 times as long as broad. Costal area narrow, reaching one-half to three-fifths the length of the wing. Radius vaulted, attain- ing not quite to the extremity of the anterior margin, with a larger number of branches directed forward, the first of which separates into 4+ to 5 twigs. Media first divides below the middle of the wing into 2 main branches, the twigs of which again run off backward. The cubitus is very strongly vaulted and forms about 8 to 10 simple branches. Intercalary venation finely reticulate. Interspaces between the main veins made wider by strong fenestration. Type of genus, Spdloblattina gardineri Scudder (restricted). SPILOBLATTINA GARDINERI Scudder. Spiloblattina gardineri ScuppER (part), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 56; Zittel’s Handbuch, 1885, p. 754, fig. 933; Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 461, pt. x11, fig. 10. Locality. —Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. In my opinion, Scudder has united several different forms under this name, of which the one first figured I regard as the type of the species. SPILOBLATTINA PERFORATA, new species. Spiloblattina gardineri ScuppER (part), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 36; Mem. Boston Soc., I1V., 1890, p. 461, pl. xut, fig. 6. Locality.—F airplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. — EEE No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 7638 ARRHYTHMOBLATTA, new genus. Front wing somewhat curved, 23 times as long as broad. Costal area very narrow, reaching about three-fifths the length of the wing. Radius not extending to the end of the anterior border, or scarcely so, with 4 very oblique, simple, or furcate branches. Media very strongly developed, with its 4 offshoots, which branch off anteriorly and of which the first forms several twigs, taking up the entire apical margin and the terminal portions of the front and inner borders. Cubitus, therefore, not reaching the end of the posterior margin, with 6 to 9 mainly simple branches directed backward. Anal area broad and short, with about 7 veins. Interspaces between the principal veins very wide in the middle of the wing. No distinct cross veins. Type of genus, Arrhythmoblatta detecta (Scudder). ARRHYTHMOBLATTA DETECTA (Scudder). Etoblattina detecta ScuppER (part), Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 75, pl. rv, fig. 12 (not fig. 13). Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38084, U.S.N.M. ARRHYTHMOBLATTA SCUDDERIANA, new species. Etoblattina detecta ScupprER (part), Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 75, pl. rv, fig. 13 (not fig. 12). Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38894, U.S.N.M. AMETROBLATTA, new genus. Front wing of more compressed form, subreniform. Costal area extending two-thirds the length of the wing. The radius with its branches, in addition to the anterior margin, takes up a large part of the apical border; the 4 divisions branch off forward and the first is fureate, the second separates into 6 twigs, the third into 3 twigs. In the figure, the media is represented as a simple unbranched vein. The cubitus divides close to the base into one long superior branch, several twigs of which are given off to the apical border, and into the inferior branch that continues obliquely to the extremity of the inner margin and gives off posteriorly about 6 branches. The large, broad anal area is limited by a strongly curved fold and contains about 7 veins. Cross veins are not to be seen distinctly. Type of genus, Ametroblatta strigosa (Scudder). 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. AMETROBLATTA STRIGOSA (Scudder). Etoblattina strigosa ScuppEr, Proc. Boston Soc., X XIV, 1889, p. 52; Bull. U. f. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 72, pl. 1v, fig. 10. Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. ?>AMETROBLATTA LONGINQUA (Scudder). ~ ? Poroblattina longinqua ScuppeEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 136, pl. x1, fig. 12. Locality. —Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. ATACTOBLATTLA, new genus: Front wing remarkably slender, more than 3 times as long as broad, with more strongly curved anterior margin and slightly arcuate inner border. Costal area band-shaped, but short, reaching but two-fifths the length of the wing. The longitudinally extended radius, with its 6 forked offshoots branching off forward, fills up the entire anterior margin. The gently vaulted media passes through the middle of the wing and sends out posteriorly 3 long oblique branches toward the apical margin. The long cubitus, with its about 9 mainly forked branches directed backward, takes up the largest part of the posterior border. The veins are bordered, and in the edges traces of cross veins are to be seen. The interspaces between radius, media, and cubitus are very wide; consequently the radius approaches very close to the subcosta. ATACTOBLATTA ANOMALA, new species. Locality.—_Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Fic. 67.—ATACTOBLATTA ANOMALA. The length of the wing amounts to about 22 mm. flolotype.—Cat. No. 38698, U.S.N.M. DORYBLATTA, new genus. Front wing slender, lancet-shaped, 3 times as long as bvoad, with almost equally curved anterior and posterior margins. Costal area attaining about half the length of the wing, band-shaped. Radius No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HA NDIIRSCH., 765 reaching the tip of the wing in a gentle vault, with 5 offshoots branch- ing anteriorly, the first of which forms 5, the second 4, and the third 3 twigs. Below the middle of the wing, the media divides into 2 main branches, the superior of which separates into + twigs and the inferior into 3, oriented toward the end of the inner margin. The cubitus sends out backward 9 simple or furcate branches. The anal area is long, and is defined by a slightly vaulted vein; it contains 6 veins, which are bordered. DORYBLATTA LONGIPENNIS, new species. Locality.—Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Fic. 68.—DORYBLATTA LONGIPENNIS. The length of the front wing amounts to 26 mm. Llolotype.—Cat. No. 38662, U.S.N.M. SPILOBLATTINIDS OF DOUBTFUL POSITION. (SPILOBLATTINID#2) BALTEATA Scudder. Gerablattina balteata ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soe., III, 1879, p. 110, pl. v1, figs. 9, 10. Etoblattina balteata ScuppER, Proc. Boston Soc., XXTV, 1889, pp. 46, 48. Locality. —Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. (SPILOBLATTINIDA) GARDINERI Scudder. Spiloblattina gardineri ScuppER (part), Mem. Boston Soc., LV, 1890, p. 461, jG Sa nikeee Locality.—Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. (SPILOBLATTINIDZ:) species. (Hind wing). Spiloblattina maledicta SELLARDS (part), Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XVIII, 1904, p. 214, pl. 1, fig. 10. Locality.—Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. This may belong to Sysciophlebia. 766 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. (SPILOBLATTINIDZ®) species. (Abdomen.) Spiloblattina sp. SELLARDs, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VIII, 1904, p. 133, fig. 22. Locality.—Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. Family MYLACRID Scudder. Front wing of very variable shape, but generally broad and short; nearly always widest at the base. Costal area always of a more or iess triangular form, never band-shaped; the veins never arranged in a regularly pectinate manner on the subcosta, but the main ones always issue radially from one point. The radius, as a rule, sends numerous branches anteriorty or it divides into 2 widely branched, principal off- shoots. The media gives off its branches either serially from one stem backward, or it forms 2 compound main branches or (more rarely) the offshoots are directed forward. Cubitus with a very variable number of veinlets branching off posteriorly. Anal area chiefly rather large, its veins never or but quite exceptionally ending in the anal fold, but in the posterior border. The structure is more or less fine-grained leathery, often more cross wrinkled. Regular cross veins as well as borders to the veins were not observed. The body was very broad and flat. I regard the Mylacride, which occur principally in the Middle and Upper Carboniferous formations of North America, as an extremely developed lateral branch of the blattid series, which probably branched off very early, and consequently in many respects has still preserved ‘ather primitive characters; for instance, the structure of the media in the majority of forms. Perhaps they owe their origin to an adap- tation to their environment, for it is remarkable how similar many of them are to certain leaves of ferns, with which they are generally found (to which fact Scudder has already called attention). Probably they lived under deciduous fern fronds, and by their similarity to the pinne were protected from their enemies. HEMIiMYLACRIS, new genus. This genus could be almost as well referred to the archimylacrids. The costal area is broad; in one species almost quite triangular; in the others, still somewhat band-shaped; the branches of the subcosta issue in part from one point, in part from the subcosta, so that there is a choice between the two families mentioned. The radius sends 4 branches forward, the first of which separates into 2 or 3 twigs. The 3 offshoots of the media are directed backward to the apical and inner borders, and the 4 or 5 branches of the cubitus do not take up the entire free portion of the posterior margin. The anal area extends over about two-fifths the length of the wing, and is more than twice No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 767 as long as high. It contains a limited number of compound veins. The form of the wing is subelliptical, about 24 times as long as broad. No distinct structure. Type of genus, /em/mylacris clintoniana (Scudder). HEMIMYLACRIS CLINTONIANA (Scudder). Paromylacris clintoniana ScuppeEr, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 53, pi. 11, fig. 6. Locality.—Clinton, Missouri. Cherokee shales; Kittanning (Alle- gheny) stage. HEMIMYLACRIS RAMIFICATA, new species. Locality.—Lorberry Gap, in Sharp Mountain, near Tremont, Penn- sybvania. Anthracite series; stage / Front wing, about 22 mm. long. Subcosta nearly rectilinear, not reaching out much beyond half the length of the wing. Its 3 or 4 FIG. 69.—HEMIMYLACRIS RAMIFICATA. branches successively arise near the base. The first branch of the radius separates into 2, the second into 3, and the third into 2 twigs. The 4 branches of the cubitus are compound. Otherwise this species is like the preceding. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38713, U.S.N.M. EEXOCGCHOMYLAGRIS,; nev, genus. Front wing scarcely twice as long as broad. The subcosta long, somewhat curved, the costal area therefore not quite triangular, very broad, and reaching almost to the tip of the wing. The first 5 branches of the subcosta arise at the base, but the 3 foliowing ones are given off from the subcosta itself. The radius continues to the middle of the apical border and sends out 4 branches forward, the second of which separates into three twigs. The media runs parallel with the radius to the apical margin, to which it sends 3 branches posteriorly. The cubitus extends obliquely to the lower end of the apical border and gives off 3 furcate and one simple offshoot to the posterior margin. The anal area is fully twice as long as high and nearly half as long as the wing; it contains about 9 veins. Structure not to be distinguished. In respect to the costal area, this genus likewise forms a transition to the archimylacrids. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05 53 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. EXOCHOMYLACRIS VIRGINIANA, new species. Locality.—Clendennin, West Virginia. Charleston sandstone. Fic. 70.—EXOCHOMYLACRIS VIRGINIANA. Length of the front wing, 26 mm. flolotype.—Cat. No. 25634, U.S.N.M. ORTHOMYLACRIS, new genus. Front wing 2 to 24 times as long as broad, of subcordate outline. Costal area extending one-half to two-thirds the length of the wing. Radius continuing to the apical border, with a variously large number of offshoots branching off forward. The superior branch either sim- ple or forked, more rarely strongly compound. Media with few veins directed obliquely backward to the apical and inner borders. Cubitus never continuing to the apical margin, with few branches. Anal area very long, at least twice as long as high, and extending two-fifths to one-half the length of the wing, with numerous more or less compound veins. Structure leathery, more or less distinctly cross wrinkled. Type of genus, Orthomylacris analis, new species. ORTHOMYLACRIS ANALIS, new species. Locality.—Port Griffith, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; E coal (=Freeport stage). Fig. 71.—ORTHOMYLACRIS ANALIS. Front wing, 29 mm. long, about 2+ times as long as wide. Costal area extending two-thirds the length of the wing; its veins united into about-4 bunches. Radius with 7 branches, the first of which is ee eee eee ee eee > ow 2 hp AA ees ge te No. 1411, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 769 simple, the second 3-parted. Media with 3 (forked) branches. Cubi- tus turned strongly backward, with 2 forked and one simple branch. Anal area extending nearly half the length of the wing; the first anal vein with several branches running off posteriorly. Structure cross wrinkled. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38784, U.S.N.M. ORTHOMYLACRIS RUGULOSA, new species. Locality.—Lorberry Gap, in Sharp Mountain, near Tremont, Penn- sylvania. Anthracite series; stage / Fic. 72,.—ORTHOMYLACRIS RUGULOSA. Front wing, 26 mm. long, about 24 times as long as broad. Very similar to the foregoing species. Costal area shorter. Anal area only extending two-fifths the length of the wing. Cross veins more distinct. Tlolotype. Cat. No. 38791, U.S.N.M. ORTHOMYLACRIS TRUNCATULA, new species. Locality.—Port Griffith, Pennsylvania; Anthracite series; E coal. Front wing, 28 mm. long, twice as long as wide. Costal area fully two-thirds the wing in length, its veins divided into about 5 bunches. Fig. 73.—ORTHOMYLACRIS TRUNCATULA. Radius with 6 branches, the first and second of which are simple, the third, 3-parted. Media with 3 compound branches. Cubitus with 5 offshoots. Anal area reaching nearly half the length of the wing. Indistinctly leathery. Holotype.—Cat. No. 88773, U.S.N.M. 770 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, | ORTHOMYLACRIS ELONGATA, new species. Locality.—Lorberry Gap, in Sharp Mountain, 5 miles west of Tre- mont, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; stage? Front wing, 26 mm. long, 22 times as long as broad. reaching about five-eighths the length of the wing, its veins united into Costal area Fic. 74.—ORTHOMYLACRIS ELONGATA. 3 or 4 bunches. Radius with 6 branches, the first simple, the second with 5 twigs, and the third with 3. Media with about 3 branches, cubitus with 4. Anal area extending two-fifths the length of the wing. Finely crinkled cross veins. Holotype.—Cat. No. 25687, U.S.N.M. ORTHOMYLACRIS MANSFIELDI (Scudder). Mylacris mansfieldi ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1879, p. 47, pl. v, fig. 15. Locality.—Cannelton, Pennsyl] tanning group; roof of the Middle Kittanning coal. yvania. Allegheny formation; Kit- ORTHOMYLACRIS LUCIFUGA (Scudder). Mylacris lucifuga ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1884, p. 301, pl. xxvun, fig. 8. Locality.—Port Griffith Switchback, near Pittston, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; ?D coal. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38054, U.S.N.M. ORTHOMYLACRIS HEERI (Scudder). WWI WES E, Tos ZX, tikes 22 IMS W879! ps 43s ple vedios ae Middle coal formation; Alle- Blattina heeri ScuppER, Canad. Nat., Mylacris heeri ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., Locality.—Sydney, CoE Breton. gheny stage? NO. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. eral ORTHOMYLACRIS ALUTACEA, new species. Locality.—Port Griffith Switchback, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; /D coal. Front wing, 30 mm. long; 24 times as long as broad. Costal area extending nearly three-fourths the length of the wing. Radius with FIG. 75.—ORTHOMYLACRIS ALUTACEA. 4 branches, which form short terminal forks. Media with 3 offshoots. Cubitus with 4 branches. Anal area extending nearly half the length of the wing. Fine-grained leathery structure. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38772, U.S.N.M. ORTHOMYLACRIS PLUTEUS (Scudder). Paromylacris ? pluteus ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124. 1895, p. 54 jolla, sake, 2 ? Locality.—Butler Mine, near Pittston, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; E. coal. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38048, U.S.N.M. ORTHOMYLACRIS ANTIQUA (Scudder). Mylacris antiqua ScuppEr, Mem. Boston Soc., 111, 1884, p. 300; Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 46, pl. u, figs. 5, 6 Locality.— Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning / (Allegheny) stage. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38050, U.S.N.M. ORTHOMYLACRIS PENNSYLVANICA, new species. Locality.—Lorbery Gap, in Sharp Mountain, 5 miles west of ‘Tre- mont, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; stage ¢ F1G. 76.—ORTHOMYLACRIS PENNSYLVANICA Fragment, about 32mm. long, of a front wing, costalarea extending two-thirds the length of the wing. Radius with about 3 branches, the T72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. first of which divides into 3 twigs; the second is furcate. Media with few forked branches. Cubitus with 4 branches. Anal area long, reaching nearly half the length of the wing. ‘The first anal vein sends out several twigs backward. Structure leathery, with a tendency to the formation of cross wrinkles. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38748, U.S.N.M. ANOMOMYLACRIS, new genus. Front wing slenderly cordate, nearly 23 times as long as the basal width. Costal area triangular, half as long as the wing, with about 7 veins issuing radially from the base. Radius with 5 branches directed toward the anterior margin, only the first and third of which are fur-- cate. Media continuing in a nearly straight course through the mid- dle of the wing, with 2 forked branches which run off backward and extend to the apical border. Between the radius and the media lies an accessory vein. The cubitus is greatly developed and proceeds in a nearly straight horizontal line from the base to the apical margin; its first (proximal) is forked, the second divides into 4 or 5 twigs, the third is simple, the fourth is furcate, and the fifth is again simple. The anal area is 24 times as long as high and nearly half as long as the wing. The first anal vein sends 4 twigs backward; then follow about 8 to 9 veins. The structure consists of a fine, close network. ANOMOMYLACRIS CUBITALIS, new species. Locality.—Lorberry Gap, in Sharp Mountain, 5 miles west of Tre- mont, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; stage / et FIG. 77.—ANOMOMYLACRIS CUBITALIS. Length of front wing, 27 mm. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38747, U.S.N.M. STENOMYLACRIS, new genus. Front wing very slender, 2? times as long as broad. Costa! area triangular, not quite reaching the middle of the wing, the veins aris- ing from the subcosta near the base. Radius stretching in a strong No. 1d. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 773 vault to the tip of the wing, its first branch twice forked, the second simple, the third, fourth, and fifth furcate, and the last simple. The media proceeds obliquely to the end of the apical border and sends out 1 forked and 1 simple branch obliquely backward to the extremity of the inner margin, besides 1 simple and 2 forked offshoots forward to the apical border. The strongly arcuate cubitus, with its 4 furcate or simple branches, occupies the central portion of the inner margin. The anal area is more than twice as long as high and takes up about three-sevenths the length of the wing; it contains about 8 to 9 veins, Structure leathery. STENOMYLACRIS ELEGANS, new species. Locality.—Sharp Mountain Gap, mammoth vein, 2 miles south of Tremont, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; stage / FIG. 78.—STENOMYLACRIS ELEGANS. Length of the front wing, 25 mm. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38738, U.S.N.M. ACTINOMYLACRIS, new genus. Front wing cordate, twice as long as broad. Costal area short, tri- angular, not extending beyond half the length of the wing; the veins nearly all issue from the base. Radius with 5 to 6 branches, the first of which separates into 3 or + twigs. Media with 3 to 4 offshoots directed backward to the apical and posterior borders. Cubitus with 1 furcate and 2 simple branches. The anal area is shorter than in the preceding genera, less than twice as long as high, and contains a large number (about 10 to 14) of veins. Structure leathery. Type of genus, Actiénomylacris carbonum (Scudder). ACTINOMYLACRIS CARBONUM (Scudder). Mylacris carbonum Scupper, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, p. 304, pl. xxv, fig. 10 (not figs. 6 and 7). Locality.—Cannelton, Pennsylvania. Allegheny formation; Kit- tanning group; roof of the Middle Kittanning coal. [74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU RIX: ACTINOMYLACRIS VICINA, new species. Locality. —Tremont, Pennsylvania. (Buck Mountain.) Anthracite series; mammoth coal; stage # Length of the front wing, 21 mm. The first branch of the radius )H7Z2Z2Iq N Fic. 79.—ACTINOMYLACRIS VICINA. with 4 twigs, the second branch furcate, the 4 following offshoots simple. Media with +4 branches. Structure leathery, with a tendency to the formation of cross wrinkles. Flolotype.—Cat. No. 38750, U.S.N.M. PHTHINOMYLACRIS, new genus. Front wing cordate, scarcely twice as long as wide, with especially strongly developed costal area, which extends about five-sevenths the length of the wing, and whose bunches of veins emerge ray-like from one point. The radius is more strongly developed and occupies nearly the entire apical margin. Of its branches, the first separates into 2 or 3 twigs, while those following chiefly remain simple. The media is very much reduced and sends out but 2 short simple offshoots pos- teriorly toward the end of the inner border. The cubitus is also strongly reduced and forms only 3 to 4 branches. The anal area is consequently very large, more than half as long as the entire wing and more than twice as long as high. The structure can not be made out. Type of genus, Phthinomylacris cordiformis, new species. PHTHINOMYLACRIS CORDIFORMIS, new species. Locality.—Port Griffith, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; EK coal. Fic. 80.—PHTHINOMYLACRIS CORDIFORMIS. Length of the front wing, 28 mm. First branch of the radius fur- cate. Cubitus with 4 simple branches. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38770, U.S.N.M. No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. ts: PHTHINOMYLACRIS MEDIALIS, new species. Locality.—Port Grifith, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; E coal. Length of the front wing, 25 mm. First branch of the radius Fic, 81 —PHTHINOMYLACRIS MEDIALIS, divides into 3 twigs. Cubitus with 3 forked offshoots. Anal area with 10 parallel veins. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38765, U.S.N.M. CHALEPOMYLACRIS, new genus. Front wing of more elliptical or kidney-shaped outline, 24 times as long as broad, with the costal area not very much widened at the base and reaching not quite half the length of the wing; its veins all issue from the subcosta near the base. Just at the base of the wing, the radius divides into 2 main branches, each of which by repeated division separates into 7 or 8 branchlets, which take up nearly the entire an- terior margin. The media also divides into 2 principal members, the superior of which, with its 5 twigs, occupies the apical border, and the inferior, with its 6 veinlets directed backward, takes up the terminal third of the inner margin. The feebly developed cubitus, with its 2 forked and 1 simple branches, occupies only a small portion of the posterior border. The anal area is more than twice as long as high, and extends over about three-sevenths of the inner margin; it contains only 6 or 7 veins. The structure is fine-grained leathery, without cross veins. CHALEPOMYLACRIS PULCHRA, new species. Locality.—Sharp Mountain Gap, 2 miles south of Tremont, Penn- sylvania. Anthracite series; stage / Fig. 82.—CHALEPOMYLACRIS PULCHRA. Length of the front wing, 17 mm. folotype.—Cat. No. 88723, U.S.N.M. (16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, BRACHYMYLACRIS, new genus. Front wing broadly cordate, 15 to 13 times as longas broad. Costal area wide, more or less triangular to lancet shaped, extending three- fifths to two-thirds the length of the wing; its veins are united into bunches, which issue from the base. Radius with 3 to 7 offshoots branching off in various ways to the anterior border. Media always divided into 2 equally branched principal members. Cubitus with 3 to 7 branches, never reaching the apical margin. Anal area always less than twice as long as high and less than half as long as the wing. Structure fine-grained, leathery, cross wrinkled. Type of genus, Brachymylacris elongata, new species. BRACHYMYLACRIS ELONGATA, new species. Locality. —Tremont, Pennsylvania.. Anthracite series; stage ? Front wing, 16 mm. long. Radius with 4 branches, of which the first and third always have three twigs, the second is furcate, and the Fic. 83.—BRACHYMYLACRIS ELONGATA. fourth simple. The superior branch of the media is divided into 6 off- shoots; the inferior into 4+ twigs. Anal area with 9 regular veins. Costal area with 8 veins, which form 3 groups. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38753, U.S.N.M. BRACHYMYLACRIS CORDATA, new species. Locality.—Tremont, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; stage / Front wing, 14 mm. long. Radius with 3 branches, of which the first forms 4 and the second 2 twigs. Media with 2 furcate, main Fic. 84.—BRACHYMYLACRIS CORDATA, branches. Cubitus with 3 offshoots, the first of which is twice forked; the second, furcate. Anal area with 9 1n part compound veins. Costal area with 13 branches divided into 7 groups. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38752, U.S,N.M. No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. (rer BRACHYMYLACRIS ROTUNDATA, new species. Locality.—_Sharp Mountain Gap, 2 miles south of Tremont, Penn- svlvania. Anthracite series; stage / Length of the front wing, 14mm. Radius with 7 branches, the first of which forms 3 twigs, while the second and third are fureate, and the following ones simple. Each main branch of the media forms 3 Fig. 85.—BRACHYMYLACRIS ROTUNDATA. twigs. Cubitus with about 8 offshoots, some of which are divided. The apical border of the wing is remarkably broadly rounded; the costal area contains about 12 veins, which are united into about 4 groups. Flolotype. Cat. No. 38727, U.S.N.M. BRACHYMYLACRIS MIXTA, new species. Locality.—Sharp Mountain Gap, 2 miles south of Tremont, Penn- sylvania. Anthracite series; stage / Length of the front wing, 14 mm. Radius with 4 branches, the first of which forms 4 twigs and the second 3 offshoots. The superior Fiag. 86.—BRACHYMYLACRIS MIXTA. branch of the media with 3 veinlets, the inferior with 4. Cubitus with one simple and 3 furcate branches. Apical border broadly rounded. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38736, U.S.N.M. 778 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. GONIOMYLACRIS, new genus. A provisional genus founded on the basal portion of a mylacrid wing, which is distinguished by a strong curve of the subcosta, with the convexity directed anteriorly. The majority of the branches of this vein issue from the base; 3 from the vein itself. The costal area attains at least two-thirds the length of the wing. ‘The radius appears to have had only 3 simple branches. The media separates into 2 main stems, with probably always 3 or 4 twigs. The cubitus also appears to have had but 3 to 4 offshoots. Anal area long and narrow, prob- ably reaching half the length of the wing. Humeral angle very strongly produced. No structure to be seen. ‘ GONIOMYLACRIS PAUPER, new species. Locality.—Sharp Mountain Gap, 2 miles south of Tremont, Penn- sylvania. Anthracite series; stage / FIG. 87.—GONIOMYLACRIS PAUPER. oC Probable length of the wing, 32 mm. FHlolotype.—Cat. No. 38728, U.S.N.M. MYLACRIS Seudder. Mylacris anthracophila Scudder is to be regarded as the type of this genus. Front wing 2 to 24 times as long as broad, with more strongly arched anterior margin and more slightly curved inner margin. Costal area wide, triangular, reaching three-fifths to two-thirds the length of the wing, with ray-like veins issuing from the base. Radius continuing to the tip of the wing, with 5 to6 simple or furcate branches. Media stretching obliquely to the extremity of the posterior margin, with 3 to 4 offshoots branching forward and directed toward the apical margin. Cubitus with 4 to 6 more or less branched members. Anal area more than twice as long as high, almost half as long as the inner margin of the wing, and with about 7 to 8 in part branched veins. No distinct structure to be seen. Prothorax much broader than long. No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 779 MYLACRIS ANTHRACOPHILA Scudder. Mylacris anthracophila ScuppkEr, Geol. Sury. Illinois, III, 1868, p. 568, figs. 5, 6; Mem. Boston Soe., III, 1879, p. 45, pl. v, figs. 6 to8; Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 43, pl. 1, figs. 1, 4. Locality.—Colchester, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning / (Alle- gheny) stage. MYLACRIS ELONGATA Scudder. Mylacris elongata ScupvER, Bull. U. 8: Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 41, pl. 1, fig. 6. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38049, U.S.N.M. ? MYLACRIS SELLARDSII, new species. Mylacris elongata SELLARDS (not Scudder), Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VIIJ, 1904, jon WPAY, pokey CHjole 16 gakede Ile Locality.— Mazon Creek, near Morris, Iilinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. I am not convinced that the specimens investigated by Sellards belong to Scudder’s J/ylacris elongata. They appear to be larger and to have more copiously branched veins. The larvee mentioned by Sel- lards I shall discuss separately. MYLACRIS SIMILIS, new species. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kit- tanning / (Allegheny) stage. Fic. 88.—MYLACRIS SIMILIS. Front wing, 35 mm. long, shaped very much like that in J/y/acris elongata. Radius with about 5 branches, the first 2 of which are fur- cate. Media and cubitus seem to be somewhat less strongly branched. Daniels collection. Reverse of holotype in the U. S. National Museum: Cat. No. 35573. T80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. ? MYLACRIS DUBIA, new species. Locality.—Lorberry Gap, 5 miles west of Tremont, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; stage 4 Front wing, about 25 mm. long, 24 times as long as broad. The venation is very indistinctly preserved, but as far as known agrees with that of the foregoing species. The anal area is also as long as in that form. Laan, _ SS ae a LE ‘ . S Fias. 89, 90.—? MYLACRIS DUBIA. The hind wing shows an anal area marked off by a fold, and extends about two-thirds the length of the wing. The radius sends 5 branches forward toward the tip of the wing; the media gives off 3 offshoots posteriorly, and the cubitus forms a double fork. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38746, U.S.N.M. ? APHEBELOMYLACRIS, new genus. A provisional genus founded on an imperfectly preserved form, the veration of which appears to have great similarity to that of JLjlacris. The front wing is cordate, twice as long as broad. The triangular costal area hardly extends beyond half the length of the wing, and contains but few veins. The radius forms 5 branches, the first 3 of which are furcate. The media appears to send out only 2 branches anteriorly; still this part of the wing is here indistinctly preserved. The cubitus forms about 8 uniform, simple branches. Anal area less than half as long as high. Traces of cross wrinkles are distinctly to be seen. ? APHELOMYLACRIS MODESTA, new species. Locality.—Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; Ten-mile series; ¢ Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. Fic. 91.—? APHELOMYLACRIS MODESTA,. Front wing, about 22 mm. long. 29) fHolotype.—Cat. No. 38702, U.S.N.M. No. 1441, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 781 Ve EtOWeceNG RS Seuaader: Front wing slender, almost lancet shaped, 3 times as long as broad. Costal area triangular, extending two-thirds the length of the wing, with veins issuing radially from one point. Radius continuing almost horizontally through the middle of the wing, with 6 branches, the sec- ond and third of which are furcate. Media stretching obliquely to the extremity of the inner margin, with 2 forked and one simpte branches running out forward. Cubitus advancing obliquely to the inner margin, with one simple and 2 furcate branches. Anal area proportionally small, more than twice as long as high, and occupying only two-fifths of the posterior margin. LITHOMYLACRIS ANGUSTA Scudder. Lithomylacris angusta ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soe., III, 1879, p. 48, pl. v, fig. 2. Locality.—Port Gritith Switchback, near Pittston, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; E coal. Flolotype.—Cat. No. 38094, U.S.N.M. SPHENOMYLACRIS, new genus. Front wing subcordate, with slightly curved anterior margin, and more strongly arcuate inner border, not quite twice as long as broad at the base. Costal area fully three-fifths of the length of the wing in extent, with several bunches of veins issuing from the base. Radius with 3 forked and one simple branches, the first 2 of which spring from one point. The last branches end in the apical margin. Media divided into 2 furcate offshoots. Cubitus strongly vaulted and, with its 3 forked and 2 simple veins, taking up the central portion of the posterior margin. Anal area not quite twice as long as high, extend- ing three-sevenths the length of the wing, and limited by a quite straight fold, in which the first anal vein fuses; the 6 remaining anal veins are somewhat curved, and with their extremities turned toward the tip of the wing; they end, however, in the normal way in the inner margin. The structure consists of fine, indistinct, irregular cross lines. The humeral angle is broadly rounded, not produced into an angle. SU bo PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. SPHENOMYLACRIS SINGULARIS, new species. Locality.—Port Griffith Switchback, near Pittston, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; E coal. Fig. 92.—SPHENOMYLACRIS SINGULARIS. Length of the front wing, 20 mm. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38761, U.S.N.M. AMBLYMYLACRIS, new genus. Front wing twice as long as broad, of nearly kidney-shaped form, with strongly arcuate front margin and very broadly rounded apical border. Humeral angle rounded, not produced into an angle. Costal area triangular, broad, with bunches of veins issuing radially from one point. Radius greatly developed, arcuate, and continuing to the apical margin, with 6 to 8 more or less branched, pectinately arranged off- shoots. Media reduced, with but 2 to 3 branches directed forward toward the apical border. Cubitus with about 5 more or less com- pound offshoots occupying the entire free inner margin. Anal area defined by a curved vein, not quite twice as long as high and taking up less than half the inner margin. Anal veins normally curved to the inner border. Type of genus, Amblymylacris clintoniana (Seudder). AMBLYMYLACRIS CLINTONIANA (Scudder). Etoblattina clintoniana ScuppER, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 66, Olle WW 1eex, IL Locality.—Clinton, Missouri. Cherokee shales; Kittanning (Alle- gheny) stage. AMBLYMYLACRIS HAREI (Scudder). Promylacris harei Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No, 124, 1895, p. 48, pl. 11, 11, 83: Locality.—Kansas City, Missouri. Chanute shales; Conemaugh / stage. PROMYLACRIS Seudder. A somewhat indefinite genus, the type of which may be regarded as Promylacris ovalis Scudder. Front wing probably cordate, with No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HA NDLIRSCH., 7838 strongly arcuate anterior margin and rounded humeral angle; about 2+ times as long as broad. Costal area almost triangular, continuing somewhat beyond half the length of the wing, with 3 bunches of veins issuing from one point, the first of which shows about 6 twigs. The radius is quite distinctively formed, in that from one point not far from the base 4 ray-like branches run off successively; the first, sec- ond, and fourth of these branches always consist of 3 to 4 branchlets, while the third remains simple. According to the figure it may be concluded that the branches of the radius scarcely fill up the entire free anterior margin. The media forms about 3 or 4 offshoots, which are directed forward toward the apical border; and the cubitus about 5 branches, which in each case fill the entire free posterior margin. The anal area is about twice as long as high and half as long as the inner margin, and contains regular veins fusing in the posterior border. PROMYLACRIS OVALIS Scudder. Promylacris ovalis ScuppEr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 34; Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 408, pl. xxx1, figs. 1 to 4. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ? (Allegheny) stage. MYLACRIDA OF DOUBTFUL SYSTEMATIC POSITION. PAROMYLACRIS ROTUNDA Scudder. Paromylacris rotunda Scupper, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 35; Mem. Boston Soe., IV, 1890, p. 406, pl. xxxur, figs. 1, 2. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. This species is to be regarded as the type of the genus Puromylacris. FHlolotype.—Cat. No. 38047, U.S.N.M. (MYLACRIDZZ) PRISCOVOLANS (Scudder). Mylacris priscovolans ScuppER. Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1884, p. 307, pl. xxvu, iver, ) Locality. —Cannelton, Pennsylvania. Allegheny formation; Kittan- ning group; roof of the Middle Kittanning coal. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38055; U.S.N.M. (MYLACRID42) PAUPERATA (Scudder). Lithomylacris pawperata ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 409, pl. xxx11, fig. 5. ° Locality.—Port Griffith, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; E coal. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38095, U.S.N.M. Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05 54 754 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. (MYLACRIDA) PSEUDO-CARBONUM, new especies. Mylacris carbonum ScuppeEr (part), Mem. Boston Soc., IIT, 1884, p. 304, pl. xxvu, fig. 6 (not fig. 7, 10). Local/ty.—Cannelton, Pennsylvania. Allegheny formation; Kaittan- ning group; roof of the Middle Kittanning coal. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38900, U.S.N.M. (MYLACRIDA) CARBONINA, new species. Mylacris carbonum ScuppeEr (part), Mem: Boston Soc., III, 1884, p. 304, pl. xxvii, fig. 7 (not fig. 6, 10). Locality.— Empire Mine, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; Ei coal. Holotype.-—Cat. No. 38052, U.S.N.M. (MYLACRIDA) BRETONENSIS (Scudder). Blattina bretonensis ScuppER, Canad. Nat., VII, 1874, p. 271, fig. 1. Mylacris bretonensis ScuppdER, Mem. Boston Soc., ITI, 1879, p. 41, pl. vy, fig. 1. Locality.— Sydney, Cape Breton. Middle Coal formation; Alle- gheny stage ¢ (MYLACRIDZ) SIMPLEX (Scudder). Lithomylacris simplex ScuppeR, Mem. Boston Soc., ILI, 1879, p. 41, pl. v, fig. 5. Locality.— Danville, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Conemaugh (or Freeport 4) stage. (MYLACRIDA) PITTSTONIANA (Scudder). Lithomuylacris piltstonanda ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1879, p. 50, pl. figs. 4, 10. ’ Locality.—Port Griffith, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; E coal. [Tolotype.—Cat. No. 38096, U.S.N.M. (MYLACRIDA) PENNSYLVANICA (Scudder). Mylacris pennsylvanicd SCUDBER, Mem. Boston Soc., 111, 1879, p. 44, pl. v, figs. 13, 14 Locality. —Cannelton, Pennsylvania. Allegheny formation; Kit- tanning group; root of the Middie Kittanning coal. Cotypes. —Cat. No. 38102, U.S.N.M. (MYLACRIDA) AMPLA (Scudder). Mylacris ampla ScuppkEr, Bull U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 45, pl. m1, fig. 1. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian, Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38051, U.S.N.M. No. 1441, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HA NDLIRSCH. 785 (MYLACRIDAZ) GURLEYI (Scudder). Mylacris gurleyi ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 48, pl. 1 fig. 5. , Locality. Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning / (Allegheny) stage. (MYLACRIDA) RIGIDA (Scudder). Promylacris rigida ScuDDER, Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 4038, pl. xxxt, fig. 6. Promylacris rigid’ SELLARDS, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4+), X VIII, 1904, p. 221, fig. 36. Locality.— Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning / (Allegheny) stage. FTolotype.—Cat. No. 38045, U.S.N.M. (MYLACRIDAZ) AMPLA (Scudder). Paromylacris ampla ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., LV, 1890, p. 408, pl. xxx1, fig. 7; 3ull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 51, pl. 1, fig. 4. Locality. Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38044, U.S.N.M. Family DICTYOMYLACRID, new family. In this group I unite several forms from the European and American varboniferous, which, in the form of the costal area, recall the archi- mylacrids on the one hand and the mylacrids on the other, The costal area is here of almost triangular form, while most of the branches arise successively from the subcosta. The branches of the radius are directed obliquely forward; those of the media, on the contrary, slope backward. The cubitus occupies only a limited space, and the anal area 1s marked off by a curved suture, in which part of the anal veins end. The longitudinal veins are connected by distinct, remote cross veins. In the European forms the prothorax is very broad, trans- versely elliptical, and is characterized by, ribs which run off radially to the periphery. DICTYOMYLACRIS Brongniart. Front wing somewhat more than twice as long as broad, subcordate, with strongly arched anterior margin, costal area occupying from four-sevenths to two-thirds the length of the wing, with from 5 to 7 veins arising successively from the subcosta and several feebly branched ones proceeding from the base. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, DICTYOMYLACRIS MULTINERVIS (Sellards). “‘Undescribed Blattinari:x’’? Seuuarps, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XV, 1908, p. 312, pl. vit, fig. 6. Schizoblattina multinervia SeuLARDS, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VIII, 1904, p. 217 fig. 28. Locality. —Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. This form, described by Sellards, agrees-completely with the genus Dictyomylacris Brongniart, founded on European forms, represented in the Stephanian of Commentry by several species. The erection of a new genus, therefore, I consider unnecessary. Family NEOMYLACRIDA, new family. This group appears to be nearly related to the dictyomylacrids and agrees with the latter to the extent that here also the first anal veins end in the suture of the anal area. The costal area is short and tri- angular, the subcosta not curving backward with the convexity, but forward; all its veins issue from the subcosta near the base. The humeral angle is not strongly produced, but rounded. Radius normal. Branches of the media directed backward. Cubitus normal. Anal area rather long and limited by a curved suture. Hitherto several species were made known from the upper portion of the Upper Car- boniferous of America. NEOMYLACGRIS, nev, genus: Front wing cordate about twice as long as wide. Costal area reach- ing from three-fifths to two-thirds the length of the wing, with only from 5 to 6 veins. Radius with 5 or 6 simple or furcate branches suc- cessively running out forward; part of these occupy the free portion of the anterior margin and part the apical border. Media with 2 % to 4 branches diverging posteriorly. Cubitus with a small number of offshoots occupying almost the entire free inner margin. Costal area about twice as long as high, extending from two-fifths to nearly one- half the length of the wing, and limited by a curved suture; the first anal vein ends in the suture. Structure indistinct, either stippled like leather or with a tendency to the formation of cross wrinkles. Type of genus, Veomylacris major, new species. No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. (8 87 NEOMYLACRIS MAJOR, new species. Locality.—Port Griffith Switchback, Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; E coal. Length of the front wing, 22 mm. First, second, and fifth branches of the radius simple; third and fourth branches furcate. Media with FIG, 93.—NEOMYLACRIS MAJOR. 4 offshoots, the first of which originates at one-third the length of the wing. Anal area with about 10 veins. No definite structure to be seen. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38766, U.S.N.M. NEOMYLACRIS PULLA, new species. Locality.—Lorberry Gap in Sharp Mountain, near Tremont, Penn sylvania. Anthracite series; stage / Fas. 94 and 95,—NEOMYLACRIS PULLA,. Length of front wing, 16 mm. Radius with 6 branches, the second and third of which are forked. Media first divides in the last third of the length of the wing. Cotypes.—Cat. Nos. 25476 and 38794, U.S.N.M. 788 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ° vou. xxix NEOMYLACRIS PAUCINERVIS, new species. Locality.—Lorberry Gap in Sharp Mountain, near Tremont, Penn- sylvania. Anthracite series; stage / Fig. 96.—NEOMYLACRIS PAUCINERVIS. Length of front wing, 16 mm. Very similar to the previous species. Radius with 3 furcate and 2 simple branches. Media first furcates in the last third of the length of the wing. Flolotype.—Cat. No. 38789. U.S.N.M. Family PTERIDOMYLACRIDA, new family. I erect this family on an aberrant blattoid form, whose heart-shaped wing, the mylacrids; in its enormously lengthened anal area, which attains about four-fifths the length of the wing, however, it widely differs from all other blattid forms. The radius is developed in the normal way; the media and the cubitus, on the contrary, are much reduced. The veins of the anal area end in the inner border. Indeed, no other blattid wing shows so striking a resemblance to the pinne of a fossil fern, and I was for a long time in doubt whether the present specimen should really be regarded as the remains of an insect or as a plant. We here seem to have a form showing an extreme adaptation. in respect to the shape of the costal area, conforms to that of PTERIDOMYLEACRIS: niew genus: Front wing cordate, 1# times as long as broad. Costal area trian- gular, attaining nearly two-thirds the length of the wing, with ray-like veins issuing from one point. Radius advancing to the apical border, with about 7 regular branches, probably simple throughout, extending to the anterior margin. Media arcuate, with one short terminal fork. Cubitus with one compound and one simple branch, which strike the end of the inner margin. Anal area strongly developed, reaching four-fifths the length of the wing, and marked off by a curved suture, with 10 veins ending in the posterior margin, several of which have a common origin. No structure to be seen. No, 1441, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. PTERIDOMYLACRIS PARADOXA, new species. Locality.—Lorberry Gap in Sharp Mountain, near Tremont, Penn- sylvania. Anthracite series; stage / Fig. 97.—PTERIDOMYLACRIS PARADOXA, Leneth of the front wine, about 1S mm. a D2 flolotype.—Cat. No. 38733, U.S.N.M. Family IDIOMYLACRID_®, new family. For the type of this family, I take a highly specialized blattoid wing, which in the shape of the costal area agrees with the mylacrid series, but which appears to be distinguished by the unique disposi- tion of the anal veins. The front wing is subelliptical, scarcely twice as long as broad, with strongly curved inner margin and gently curved anterior border. Costal area one-half as long as the wing, subtrian- gular, broad; humeral angle rounded. The branches of the subcosta arise at the base of the wing. Radius divided near the base into 2 main offshoots, each of which forms about 3 branchlets. The twigs of the superior branch end on the anterior border; those of the infe- rior, on the contrary, on the apical margin. The media likewise sep- arates into 2 branches similar to those of the radius, the twigs of which (always 3) take up the last third of the inner margin. The cubitus with its 3 branches is limited to the middle portion of the pos- terior margin. The anal area occupies not much more than one-third the length of the wing, and is detined by a strongly curved suture. The anal veins are quite uniquely grouped, since from one stem 5 off- shoots branch forward and 1 backward. The first branch ends in the second, the second in the third, and this, as well as those follow- ing, end in the inner margin. Structure finely stippled, like leather. 790 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. IDIOMYLACRIS, nev genus. IDIOMYLACRIS GRACILIS, new species. Locality. —Lorberry Gap in Sharp Mountain, near Tremont, Penn- sylvania. Anthracite series; stage ‘ “wees --y - eae F Fig. 98.—IDIOMYLACRIS GRACILIS, Length of the front wing, about 15 mm. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38793, U.S.N.M. Family NEORTHROBLATTINIDA, new family. I establish this family on a somewhat aberrant blattoid form, which unfortunately I can judge only from Scudder’s figure and discription. The venation somewhat recalls that of /d/omylacris from the Upper Yarboniferous and permits itself very easily to be derived from the archimylacrid type. The outline of the wing appears to have been subreniform, with somewhat broadened base, and rather more than twice as long as wide. The short, broad costal area reaches over a little beyond the middle of the wing, and the form belongs to the band- shaped type (Archimylacride, etc.); the veins issue successively from the subcosta. The radius extends to the upper end of the apical bor- der and sends out only a small number of branches toward the front margin. About in the middle of the wing, the media divides into 2 simple or furcate branches. The cubitus continues to the end of the posterior border and sends out several branches to 1t. The anal area is large, marked off by a bow-shaped fold, and contains a small num- ber of veins, which branch off in a peculiar manner, similar to that in Idiomylacris, in part again uniting; they all end in the inner margin. On the impression, the surface of the wing appears very opaque; the veins, on the contrary, are preserved as thin broad stripes. NEORTHROBLATTINA Scudder. NEORTHROBLATTINA ALBOLINEATA Scudder. Neorthroblattina albolineata ScuppER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 109; Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 467, pl. xuu, fig. 2 (? 18). Locality.—Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. a No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 791 Family POROBLATTINID.4, new family. This family is founded ona number of small forms from the Upper- most Carboniferous and Lower Permian. These forms constitute a link between the archimylacrids and the prevailing Mesozoic mesoblatti- nids, and are characterized by a strongly reduced costal area, which extends only from one-third to one-half the length of the wing and is of rather narrow lancet-like shape. In contrast with the mesoblatti- nids, however, the few branches of the subcosta are still distinctly developed, and arise from the subcosta serially as in the archimyla- crids. The radius very gradually takes the place of the subcosta and forms numerous simple or feebly divided branches directed forward. The media is free and sends out a small number of offshoots forward to the apical border; the cubitus gives off a variably large number of branches backward; rarely, also, one forward. The anal area is rela- tively large, limited by a strongly curved suture, and contains numer- ous veins, of which the first ones only end in the suture; all others, on the contrary, end in the inner border. No distinct cross veins. POROBLATTINA Scudder. Poroblattina arcuata Scudder is to be regarded as the type of this venus. Front wing subelliptical, 1 to 2 times as long as broad. Radius very strongly arcuate, curving down to the middle of the wing and recurving to the apical border. Media first divides below the middle of the wing. Cubitus with few branches and not occupying the entire free posterior border, strongly vaulted. Anal area half as long as the wing and less than twice as long as high, with numerous oblique veins directed toward the apex of the area, the larger number of which end in the inner border. No structure to be seen (many oblique cross folds between the veins). POROBLATTINA BRACHYPTERA, new species. Locality.—Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Obio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Fic. 99.—POROBLATTINA BRACHYPTERA. Front wing, 9mm. long; twiceas longas broad. Radius with about 11 branches, the first 8 of which are simple. Hlolotype.—Cat. No. 38637, U.S.N.M. 192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. POROBLATTINA LATA, new species. Locality.— Wills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. FIG. 100.—POROBLATTINA LATA. Front wing, 9 mm. long; 1 times as long as broad. Radius with 2 simple, one 38-parted, and 2 furcate branches. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38696, U.S.N.M. POROBLATTINA ARCUATA Scudder. > Poroblattina arcuata ScupvErR, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 39; Mem. 3oston Soe., TV, 1890, p. 466, pl. xut, fig. 5. Locality.—F airplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. POROBLATTINA RICHMONDIANA, new species. Locality. —W ills Creek, near Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh forma- tion; shales above the Ames limestone. Front wing, 9mm. long; more than twice as long as wide. Radius -—-~S we he ee eee or” Fira. 101.—POROBLATTINA RICHMONDIANA. ‘ with 7 branches, the first, third, fourth, and fifth of which are simple, the second and seventh furcate, while the sixth is thrice divided. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38644, U.S.N.M. POROBLATTINA LAKESII Scudder. Poroblattina lakesii ScuppER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, -p. 39; Zittel’s Handbuch, 1885, p. 755, fig. 936; Mem. Boston Soc., LV, 1890, p. 466, pl. x11, fos wile Locality. —Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. Te. SCS OUEONEVE ANI WINS 1OWEN A C/SIAROUS A doubtful genus and perhaps to be united with the foregoing one. According to the drawing it is to be inferred that the wing which I~ here class is somewhat longer, being about 24 times as long as_ broad. No. 141. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 798 The radius appears to extend to the apical margin, but is gently curved, and notwithstanding this continues down toward the middle of the wing. The media divides about in the middle of the wing, and the cubitus is very much reduced. No cross veins. ? SYSTOLOBLATTA OHIOENSIS (Scudder). Poroblattina ohioensis ScuppER, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 13s, ple xr, ig. 2: Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. Family MESOBLATTINID‘, new family. This family, which is very feebly represented in the Paleozoic, but is very abundantly developed in the Mesozoic, is characterized by a most remarkable reduction of the costal area, the place of which the radius with its branches now fills. The media is free and is divided in varlous ways, as Is also the cubitus. Most of the veins of the anal area reach to the inner margin. This group can be quite readily derived from the poroblattinids. ACMA OBLATTA, new genus. Front wing pointed, nearly 3 times as long as broad. Radius reach- ing nearly to the tip, with very many branches. Media with about 6 simple offshoots branching out forward. Cubitus with about 9 simple (7) branches occupying the middle third of the inner margin. Anal area relatively long and narrow, its veins, at least in part, parallel with the posterior border. No cross veins visible. No intercalary veins. ACMAOBLATTA LANCEOLATA, new species. Locality.—W ills Creek, near Steubenville, Ohio. Conemaugh for- mation; shales above the Ames limestone. Fie. 102.—ACM#OBLATTA LANCEOLATA. Front wing, 10 mm. long. Radius with about 14 mainly simple veins. The first branch of the media originates near the base. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38678, U.S.N.M. 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. “XIX: DICHRONOBLATTA, new genus. I regard as type of this genus Scudder’s Gerablattina minima, the neuration of which, according to my view, has been quite erroneously interpreted. The genus is distinguished from its allies principally by the shorter radius, which does not reach to the tip of the wing; by the more copiously divided media, which arises quite near the base, and by the structure of the cubitus, which, in about the middle of its course, sends out a branch forward and occupies the entire posterior margin. The form of the wing is elliptical, somewhat more than twice as long as broad. The anal area attains about two-fifths the length of the wing and includes numerous veins which end in the inner maxgin. Traces of cross veins are preserved. Intercalary veins wanting. DICHRONOBLATTA MINIMA (Scudder). Gerablattina minima ScuppeErR, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Suryv., No. 124, 1895, pl. xt, fig. 5. Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above tie Ames limestone. NEAROBLATTA, new genus. Front wing subelliptical, 24 times as long as broad. Radius arcuate, reaching to the end of the front margin, with many oblique branches extending forward. Media divided into 2 principal branches, whose twigs take up the apical margin and a part of the inner border. Cubitus much reduced, with its few divisions occupying only the middle portion of the posterior margin. Anal area large, limited by a strongly curved fold, with numerous veins fusing in the inner border. Distinct, delicate cross veins. No intercalary veins. Type of genus, Vearoblatta parvula (Goldenberg). NEAROBLATTA ROTUNDATA (Scudder Ne Neorthroblattina rotundata ScuppER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 109; Zittel’s Handbuch, I, 1885, p. 766, fig. 960; Mem. Boston Soe., IV, 1890, p. 467, pl. xuu, figs: 7, 8. Locality.—F airplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. NEAROBLATTA LAKESII (Scudder). Neorthroblattina lakesii Scupprer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 109; Mem. Boston Soec., IV, 1890, p. 467, pl. xxi, figs. 9, 15. Locality.—Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. EPHEBOBLATTA, new genus. Very similar to the preceding genus, but differs in the shortened radius, which ends far above the apex of the wing; in the strengly No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 095 developed cubital vein, and also in the pointed form of the front wing, which is almost 3 times as long as broad. The anal area is propor- tionally short, and its veins run parallel with the anterior margin. Cross veins appear to be wanting. No intercalary veins. EPHEBOBLATTA ATTENUATA (Scudder. ) Neorthroblattina attenuata ScuppER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 110; Mem. Boston Soe., IV, 1890, pp. 467, 468, pl. xurt, fig. 1. Locality.—Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. S~CUTINOBEATTINA Scudder: A somewhat doubtful genus. The front wings are pointed. The costal area is reduced and is replaced by the radius, which still reaches out to the posterior border somewhat across the tip. The media appears very much reduced; the cubitus, on the other hand, is nor- mally developed. Anal area large, with numerous veins. Cross and intercalary veins appear to be wanting. SCUTINOBLATTINA BRONGNIARTI Scudder. Scutinoblattina brongniarti Scupper, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiJa., 1885, p. 110; Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 469, pl. xin, fig. 5. Locality.—Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. Family DIECHOBLATTINIDA, new family. This family agrees with the mesoblattinids in the striking reduction of the costal area, but is distinguished from them by a marked degen- eration of the media; consequently, in place of the subcosta, the cubitus follows immediately after the encroaching radius, and thus the entire surface of the wing, aside from the normally preserved anal area, is filled up with the branches of these two main veins. The forms of this group are found in small numbers in the Permian and Jura formations. - NE PIOBEATLTA, new genus: Front wing lancet-shaped, more than 23 times as long as wide. Costal area restricted to a small swelling at the base of the anterior margin, without veins. Radius gently vaulted, extending to the tip, with about 7 in part compound branches directed forward. Cubitus parallel and passing near the main stem of the radius, with about 5 normal, in part furcate, branches running out posteriorly. Anal area large, marked off by a curved suture, in which the majority of the veins fuse. Intercalary veins wanting; cross veins are ¢ not preserved. NEPIOBLATTA INTERMEDIA (Scudder). Scutinoblattina intermedia ScuppER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 111; Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 469, pl. xu, fig. 4. Locality.—Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. 796 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. BREPHOBLAW LA, new, gemuis: Front wing lancet-shaped, somewhat more than 2} times as long as wide. Radius and cubitus extend nearly parallel and straight through the middle of the wing, and always send out from 4 to 5 in part divided branches to the periphery. The anal area is slender and defined by a gently curved vein. The entire wing is delicately reticu- late. Pronotum subcircular. BREPHOBLATTA RECTA (Scudder). Scutinoblattina recta ScuppeErR, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, p. 111; Mem. Boston Soe., IV, 1890, p. 469, pl. xiu, figs. 5, 16. Locatlity.—Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. BLATTOIDEA OF DOUBTFUL SYSTEMATIC POSITION. A. FRONT WINGS. (BLATTOIDEA) RICHMONDIANA (Scudder). Gerablattina richmondiana ScupprEr, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 116, Dleexanti onal Locality.— Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. (BLATTOIDEA) STIPATA (Scudder). Etoblattina stipata ScuppEr, Proc. Boston Soc. X XIV, 1889, p. 50; Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 98, pl. vin, fig. 3. Locality.—Richmond, Ohio. Conemaugh formation; shales above the Ames limestone. (BLATTOIDEA) LATEBRICOLA (Scudder). Etoblattina latebricola ScuppeEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 124, 1895, p. 108, pl. ip, wifey, IMM Locality.—Kast Providence, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; Ten- mile series; Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Scudder. Etoblattina sp. Scupprr, Bull. U. Geol. Sury., No. 101, 1893, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. h; No. 124, 1895, p. 77, pl. v, fig. 2. Locality.— Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; Ten-mile series; / Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. (BLATTOIDEA) TRIASSICA (Scudder). Anthracoblattina triassica ScuppER, Amer. Jour. Sci. (38), XX VITJ, 1884, p. 200; Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 464, pl. xur, fig. 9. Locality.—Fairplay Colorado. Lower Permian, No, 1441, AMERICAN PALLOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 797 (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Scudder. Etoblattina sp. Scupper, Proc. Boston Soc., XXII, 1883, p. 59; Mem. Boston Soc., IV, 1890, p. 460, pl. xin, fig. 20. Locality.—Fairplay, Colorado. Lower Permian. (BLATTOIDEA) ARCTA (Scudder). Etoblattina arcta Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 97, pl. vit, fig. 5. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38082, U.S.N.M. (BLATTOIDEA) EXIGUA (Scudder). Etoblattina exigua Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 76, pl. vy, fig. 4. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38080, U.S.N.M. (BLATTOIDEA) APERTA (Scudder). Etoblattina aperta ScuppErR, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 80, pl. v, fig. 9. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. Lolotype. Cat. No. 38195, U.S.N.M. B. HIND WINGS. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Scudder. Etoblattina sp. ScupprEr, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 101, 1893, p. 16, pl. 11, fig. k; No. 124, 1895, pl. x11, fig. 4. Locality. —Cranston, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; near base of section; stage / The original is in the collection of the U.S. National Museum (Cat. No. 38070); occasionally many distinct cross veins may be seen. (BLATTOIDEA) OVALIS (Scudder). Mylacris ovalis ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., ILI, 1885, p. 308, pl. xxvii, fig. 5. Locality.—Cannelton, Pennsylvania. Allegheny formation; Kit- tanning group; roof of the Middle Kittanning coal. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38101, U.S.N.M. 798 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Sellards. Blattide SeLttarps, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XV, 1903, pl. vil, fig. 7. Etoblattina sp. SELLARDS, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VIII, 1904, p. 222, fig. 33. Locality.—Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. This form also appears to have cross veins. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Scudder. Etoblattina sp. ScuppEr, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 101, 1893, p. 13, pl. u, fig. ¢; No. 124, 1895, p. 110, pl. x1, fig. 2. Locality.—Kast Providence, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; Ten- mile series; Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. This wing also occasionally shows distinct cross veins. Specimen in U. 5S. National-Museum.. Cat. No. 388072. (BLATTOIDEA) PACKARDI (Clark). Blatta americana CLARK, Proce. Newport Nat. Hist. Soc., II, 1884, p. 12. Mylacris packardi CuarKk, Rand. notes Nat. Hist., II, 1885, p. 64. Mylacris packardi Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 41, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3. Locality.—Bristol, Rhode Island. Pennsylvanian; ? Allegheny or Conemaugh stage. Likewise with distinct cross veins. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Scudder. ScuppErR, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1879, p. 128, pl. vi, fig. 13. Locality.—Cannelton, Pennsylvania. Allegheny formation; Kit- tanning group; roof of the Middle Kittanning coal. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Sellards. Etoblattina sp. SeLLarps, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VIII, 1904, p. 222, fig. 34, pl. iy 1k SS) Locality.—Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Sellards. Etoblattina sp. SELLARDS, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XVIII, 1904, p. 222, fig. 35, pl. ify, 10Ner, fey, Locality.—Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. , (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Scudder. Etoblattina sp. ScuppEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, pl. x11, fig. 7. Locality.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. This wing shows distinet cross veins, and anal area doubled under. Specimen in U. 8S. National Museum. Cat. No. 38086. NO. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 799 (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Scudder. Etoblattina sp. Scupper, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, pl. xu, fig. 6. Locatlity.—Cassville, West Virginia. Dunkard formation; Lower Permian. C. BODY PARTS. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Scudder. ““ Body of cockroach”’ ScuppER, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, p. 25, pl. xu, figs. 8 to 11. Locality.—Mlinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Sellards. ‘* Pronotum of a cockroach’’ SELLARDS, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XVIII, 1904, p. 133, fig. 24. Locality.—Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. D. YOUNG STAGES. The connection between nymphs and imagoes appears to me in no case proved. Moreover we have as yet far too few stages to enable us to determine the genus of nymphs, because hitherto a relatively very small number of such fossils have been found and described. I there- fore consider it advisable to cite here all the previously observed forms and leave their interpretation to the future. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Sellards. ? Egg case of cockroach SeuuarRps, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XVIII, 1904, p. 184, fig. 25. Locality. Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. This fossil really looks very similar to an egg sack. Moreover, such forms have already been found in Europe. (BLATTOIDEA) DIPELTIS DIPLODISCUS Packard. Dipeitis diplodiscus Packarp, Amer. Nat., XIX, 1885, p. 293; Mem. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1886, p. 145, pl. v, figs. 2, 2a. Dipeltis diplodiscus ScuucHeRT (part), Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 672, pl. Lvru, figs. 2, 3 (not figs. 4, 5). Mylacris diplodiscus SEtuARps, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XV, 19038, p. 309, pl. vit, fig. 8. Mylacris ( Dipeltis) diplodiscus SELuARps (part), Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), OVE 1904, p. 124, fig. 4 (not figs. 2, 3), pl. 1, fig. 3. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Even though the blattoid nature of this fossil can not be questioned, it still seems to me unproved that the specimen pertains to a mylacrid Proc. N. M, yol, xxix—05 55 800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIX, nymph, because other equally wide blattoid forms occur, which do not belong to the mylacrids. The venation is not discernible (in the figures). Holotype and plesiotype. Cat. Nos. 25924 and 38864, U.S.N.M. (BLATTOIDEA) MELANDERI, new species. Mylacris ( Dipeltis) diplodiscus MELaNvER (not Packard), Jour. Zool. (2), XI, 1903, p. 185, pl. v, fig. 6; pl. vi, fig. 6. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. (BLATTOIDEA) SCHUCHERTIANA, new species. Dipeltis diplodiscus Scuucnert (not Packard) (part), Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897; p. 672, pl. Lvut, figs. 4, 5 (not figs. 2, 3). Mylacris ( Dipeltis) diplodiscus SELLARDS (not Packard) (part), Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VIII, 1904, p.-124, fig. 2 (not figs. 3, 4). Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. Llolotype.—Cat. No. 25925, U.S.N.M. (BLATTOIDEA) SELLARDSII, new species. Mylacris (Dipeltis) diplodiscus SELLARDS (not Packard) (part), Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XVIII, 1904, p. 124, fig. 3 (not figs. 2, 4). Locality.— Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Aliegheny) stage. All these larval forms may belong to different species. (BLATTOIDEA) ANCEPS (Sellards). Mylacridex SELLARDS, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XV, 1893, p. 309, pl. vir, fig. 9. Mylacris anceps SeuuArps, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VIII, 1904, p. 129, fig. 5. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. (BLATTOIDEA) SELLARDSIANA, new species. Mylacris elongata (nymph) Sevuarps, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XVIII, 1904, p. 125, figs. 6, 7. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Llinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning? (Allegheny) stage. The association of this nymph with J/ylacris elongata Scudder appears to me not proved. (BLATTOIDEA) CARRI (Schuchert). Dipeltis carri ScuucHeERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 671. Dipeltis carri SELLARDS, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XV, 1903, p. 309. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittaning? (Allegheny) stage. No. 1441, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 801 (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Sellards. Etoblattina sp. Setuarps, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XV., 1903, pl. vu, fig. 5. Locality.—Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. (BLATTOIDEA) SCHUCHERTI, new species. Locality.—Sharp Mountain Gap, 2 miles south of Tremont (Mam- moth), Pennsylvania. Anthracite series; stage? FiG. 103. —BLATTOIDEA SCHUCHERTI. A wing pad 7 mm. long, with pointed end. The 5 branches of the subcosta are distitctly seen radiating from one point as in typical mylacrids; further, the radius with 7 branches proceeding obliquely forward. The media sends several branches backward, as does the cubitus. The anal area is longitudinally extended and shows 4 veins. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38740, U.S.N.M. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Handlirsch. Etoblattina mazona SeLLARbs (part), Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XV, 1904, p. 309, pl. vir, figs. 1, 2; X VIII, 1904, p. 129, fig. 14. Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning /(Allegheny) stage. ?(BLATTOIDEA) sp. Handlirsch. Etoblattinu mazona SELLARDS (part), Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XV, 1903, p. 309, pl. vir, figs. 3, 4; X VIII, 1904, p. 129, fig. 13, pl. 1, fig. 2. Locality. —Mezon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning /(Allegheny) stage. Unfortunately the photographic representation of this form (Plate 1, fig. 2) is so indistinctly reproduced that I can not clearly distinguish the so-called ‘‘ ovipositor,” which is so very sharply defined in the schematic figure. For this reason I do not believe in its existence, and furthermore do not consider it determined that these larval forms belong to Evoblattina mazona Sellards. It may be that they actually pertain to a protoblattoid form and not at all to a true blattoid; pos- sibly to a Protorthopteron. On no account, however, does it seem to 802 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX- me admissible, from such a specimen, to establish the hypothesis that the entire Protoblattariz had ovipositors and were accordingly derived from locust-like ancestors; for it could not perhaps be shown that the ‘‘ovipositor” in question is nothing but an excrement. Moreover, in regard to this, let it here be pointed out that in the protoblattoid Hucenus imaginile ovipositors are present, which suggests the idea that this larval form, in case it actually possesses an ovipositor, may belong to the Kucenide. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Handlirsch. Etoblattina mézona SELLARDS (part), Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VIII, 1904, p. 129, fig. 10. Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ? (Allegheny) stage. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Handlirsch. Etoblattina mazona SELLARDS (part), Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VIIT, 1904, p. 129, fig alle Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. This form was taken for a young individual by Sellards, although it is larger than the one designated as more mature. , (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Handlirsch. Htoblattina mazona SELLARDS (part), Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XVIII, 1904, p. 129, fiesl2: Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning / (Allegheny) stage. (BLATTOIDEA) JUVENIS (Sellards). Htoblattina juvenis SELLARDS, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), X VIII, 1904, p. 131, figs. 17 to 21. Locality.— Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Lawrence) shales. A number of blattoid nymphs were included under this name. (BLATTOIDEA) sp. Sellards. SELLARDS, Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), XVIII, 1904, p. 184, fig. 23. Locality.—Lawrence, Kansas. Upper Coal Measures; Le Roy (Law~ence) shales. INSECTS OF DOUBTFUL POSITION. PHTHANOCORIS OCCIDENTALIS Scudder. Phthanocoris occidentalis ScuppER, Proc. Boston Soc., X XII, 1883, p. 58; Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, p. 348, pl. xxxu, fig. 4. Locality. —Kansas City, Missouri, Chanute shales; Conemaugh ? stage. No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 803 Through various manipulations the original is somewhat disfigured, and in consequence seems actually like a hemipteran wing, while the counterpart makes a quite different impression. In all probability it may belong to a Protorthopteron or to a similar form. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38157, U.S.N.M. MEGATHENTOMUM PUSTULATUM Scudder. Megathentomum pustulatum ScuppEr, Geol. Sury. [Vinois, 111, 1868, p. 570, fig. 1; Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, p. 346, pl. xxxu, figs. 1, 9, 10. Megathentomum pustulatum Brongniart, Bull. Soc. Rouen (3), X XI, 1885, p. 60. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian , Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. This gigantic insect has been placed by authors in most heteroge neous groups, but in my opinion it will only be rightly interpreted when an entire example, with the base and the posterior margin of the wing, is at hand. Holotype.—Cat. No. 38145, U.S.N.M. PROTODICTYON PULCHRIPENNE Melander. Protodietyon pulchripenne MELANDER, Jour. Geol., XI, 1908, p. 196, pl. vz, fe. /, le val, te. 17 Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ? (Allegheny) stage. The defective drawing renders this incapable of interpretation. PARAHAPLOPHLEBIUM, new genus. PARAHAPLOPHLEBIUM LONGIPENNIS Scudder. Haplophlebium longipennis ScuppER, Proc. Amer. Acad., XX, 1885, p. 172; Bull. Soe. Rouen (3), X XI, 1885, p. 61. Locality.—Pittston, Pennsylvania. Carboniferous. Certainly does not belong in the genus L/iplophlebium. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38097, U.S.N.M. Scudder. (GERARUS ?) Gerarus ? ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, p. 345, pl. xxxu, fig. 5. Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian. Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. Too imperfectly preserved. PSHE UDOPOLYERNUS, new genus. PSEUDOPOLYERNUS LAMINARUM (Scudder.) Polyernus laminarum ScuppEer, Mem. Boston, Soc., II], 1885, p. 343, pl. xxx1, figs 1. _ _Locality.—Pittston, Pennsylvania. ( ¢ Near top of Pottsville; Upper Transition group.) 804 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. At all events this should not be placed in the genus o/yernus. Probably a Protorthopteron or a protoblattoid. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 38155, U.S.N.M. - PSEUDOGERARUS, new genus. PSEUDOGERARUS SCUDDER], new species. Gerarus? ScuppER, Mem. Boston Soe., I11, 1885, p. 844, pl. xxx, fig. 3. Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian: 7] A Kittanning ? (Allewheny) stage. as) > A tos) Holotype.—Cat. No. 38151. U.S.N.M. Fig. 104.—PSEUDOGERARUS SCUDDERT, CER SmOmrE Ses eudclers: CHRESTOTES LAPIDEA Scudder. Chrestotes lapidea ScuppER, Geol. Sury., Illinois, III, 1868, p. 567, fig. 2; Mem. Boston Soc., III, 1885, p. 341, pl. xxx1, fig. 2. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian: Kittanning / (Allegheny) stage. This species is to be regarded as the type of the genus Chrestotes. The form may belong to the protorthopteres. ? CHRESTOTES DAN 4 (Scudder). Miamia dane Scupper, Geol. Sury., Illinois, IIT, 1868, p. 566, fig. 1. Gerarus dane ScupbDER, Mem. Boston Soc., ILI, 1885, p. 845, pl. xxx, fig. 5. Chrestotes dane BRoNGN1IART, Bull. Soc. Rouen (3), X XI, 1885, p. 66. Gerarus dane MELANDER, Jour. Geol., XI, 1903, p. 197. Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. Pennsylvanian; Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. This form may belong in the genus Chrestotes. No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 805 AXIOLOGUS, new genus. AXIOLOGUS THORACICUS, new species. “Allied to Hemeristia occidentalis’? Scupper, Mem. Boston Soc., LET, 1885, p. 342, pile OMS St Locality.—Mazon Creek, near Morris, [Hlinois. | Pennsylvanian: Kittanning ¢ (Allegheny) stage. An insect about 30 mm. long, with broad wines folded over one another, and a pear-shaped elongated pronotum. The venation of the hind wing only can be made out, and in this we distinguish the 3 4 Fig. 105. —AXIOLOGUS THORACICUS. nearly parallel veins, costa, subcosta, and radius; further, a media furcating above the middle of the wing, and a long, arcuate cubitus curving backward, with several branches directed posteriorly. The anal area was evidently plaited, and contains a large number of veins spread out fanlike. Probably this form belongs to the protorthopteres or protoblattoids, Holotype.—Cat. No. 38137, U.S.N.M. ENDOIASMUS, new genus. ENDOIASMUS RETICULATUS, new species. Locality. —Mazon Creek, near Morris, Illinois. | Pennsylvanian; Kittanning / (Allegheny) stage. A portion of an insect about 45 mm. long. The wings lie over one another and cover the abdomen. On one wing, which | regard as a hind wing, are seen an abridged subcosta and an unbranched radius reaching nearly to the apex, the sector of which takes rise near the 806 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. base of the wing and sends out 3 oblique branches to the apical border. The media stretches obliquely to the inner margin and forms a large fork. After this follow several sloping veins, which I can not interpret. Kh, Bs eae, Fic. 106.—ENDOIASMUS RETICULATUS. Between the veins, coarse, occasionally reticulate, curved, irregular cross velns are to be seen. This form may belong to the protorthopteres or to the protoblattoids. L[olotype.—Cat. No. 38819, U.S.N.M. ARCHIMASTAX, new genus. ARCHIMASTAX AMERICANUS, new species. Locality. —Lemons Coal Bank, near Fayetteville, Arkansas. Mid- dle Pottsville; Lower Coal-hearing shale / ———— =a SS = c S| 2d |\Skualaa jem Rests! |] doe ips su | en |ES° oso Be 4) SEP) ci is om ao oe a 35) as ect = 3 3 AS tsa hs Sele ee a0 4 — 2 o Sy) oieseleres eles = oS S| S| Re} ‘ Seno n |oe 3 iS ) o) 2 |S |Een0sledcee | 8 |S | 8 18 Be. |A Seis aie | oS eile 'S 5 jswatiatoMm Gah eHioe -|Or .- a i fe! Q, 2 5 > |sweaBianctom aes. Page Page Blattina venusta Lesquereux -...-- 730 | Camptophlebia Handlirsch---_--- 698 BlattinopsisGrebelige--os2--- eee 706 clarinervis (Melander).- ------ 698 anthracina Handlirsch - ...-.- 7064, Cercopyllis Scudder=s 42. 5525-0 808 Blattoidea Handlirsch .....-.-.-- 715 adolescens Scudder ....--.-.-- 808 ( Blattoidea) anceps Sellards- - -- -- 800 delicatula Scudder. ........-- 808 apenia Scud den sses=—= esses 797 justiciae Scudder ...........- 808 acta Scuaden eee. soe nea 797 | Chalepomylacris Handlirsch -.--- 775 Carn Schuchertiees=) aoe 800 pulchra Handlirsch.....-.--- 775 Dipeltis diplodiscus Packard.. 799 | Cheliphlebia Scudder .._.......-- 709 exiella SCUdd Chess === eee 797 carbonaria Scudder ......---. 709 juvenis sellards)255-2- 555-222 802 elongata Scudder === eee 698 latebricola Scudder -.-.-.---- 796 ehiensa, Meland er ase 699 melanderi Handlirsch..._.--- 800 | Cheliphlebidze Handlirsch - - --- So 70D OValIShS GUC re ae eee 797 | Chrestotes Scudder -..-.-..--.--- 804 jonvelicavecht Cleve =o! costa co sess 798 i danse Scudder te s5.. 8 nee 804 richmondiana Scudder - .---- 796 lapidea Scudder’ 22 i= sa e2 804 schucherti Handlirsch ~~ _---- 801 | Dichronoblatta Handlirsch. .--.-- 794 schuchertiana Handlirsch_... 800 minima (Scudder) -...--.-.-- 794 sellardsiana Handlirsch - ----- 800 | Dicladoblatta Handlirseh .-.-.--.--- 759 sellardsii Handlirsch -..--.--- 800 defossa (Scudder) ...--..---- 759 sp Landlinschve sae eee ee 801 ?marginata (Scudder) . ------ 759 (isjoy lalenovslthgten . = sse-5 5-6 801 tenuis (Scudder) ...---.----- 759 So, lakimollibAe@N — 3.56 sacceone = 802 willsiana (Scudder)....---.-- 759 Speelendiinsche === =e 802 | Dietyomylacridee Handlirsch ~~. -- 785 SO, lalewovellbieten —2 es escoeeca= 802 | Dictyomylacris Brongniart ------- 785 Sp. (Sellands sae == sees ome 798 multinervis (Sellards) .-..---- 786 job islllegols)) saoeeose seas eee 798 | Dictyonewra clarinervis Melander .. 698 So, ((Selllenrels))) oo se535.52-524- 798 haplophlebia Goldenberg ----- 670 Spee (selllanc S)) eae 799 Fucunag Bron envartee =a 671 Apa (pcllards))\yaass-c46 ae seer 799 | Dictyoneuridz Handlirsch ------- 670 Sp: (Sellards) 3. S22 e2e se 801 | Didymophleps Scudder -....----- 808 Spa (Sellarde)\ eas See eee 802 contusa scuddersasss5-2eesee 808 Spe iScudden) =e eee 796 | Diechoblattinidee Handlirsch~_.-. 795 Sig, (SeweGer)) sos cosoc cece (97 | Dieconeura Scudder es. =-=s=saae 699 San OSGUClder:) ear ene 797 arcuatascud dene ass seeenee 699 Sjop (S@hololese)) Soccs-ecescbsce 798 maxima Melander -.--.------ 704 So, ((SromtelWlere)) oe Be eos ene 798 | FIGiAG SCUA CET sansa eee 699 sho, (Someday 5-52-24 = o5222 798 | Dieconeurites Handlirsch ~~. ----- 699 Hoy ((Sowokskee)) Sess slsene 799 rigidus (Seudden)s-2 22.222 2- 699 San (SCUCd Cry) eee (99 |-DipeltisiPackard ee see -as4 sear ae 799 stipata Scudder...........--- 796 Corry SCOUCKert== = ass === =e 800 ihlassica Scud dense eas 796 | diplodiscus Packard -.....--- 199 ‘* Body of cockroach”? Scadder. -- - - 799 | diplodiscus Schuchert ---.---- 800 Brachymylacris Handlirseh .....- 776) | “Discoblatta Handlinseh == 2222-2 749 cordate, Handiinsch esse 776 scholfieldi (Scudder) -..-..--- 749 elongata Handlirsch ......--- 776 | Distatoblatta Handlirsch----.---- 739 mixta ‘Handiirsehme. 22. eee 777 persistens (Scudder) .....---- 739 rotundata Handlirsch-------- 777 | Doryblatta Handlirsch. ----- EME a Lee Bradyblatta Handlirsch..-..---..- 741 longipennis Handlirsch ~~. --- 765 saggittaria (Scudder) -.-...-- “74.1 | Dyseritus Scudder {22 2se eee 684 Brephoblatta Handlirsch.-...-_-- 796 vetustus scudder sees ==s— mes Rectan (SCudden) a= ==== =e 796 | Dysmenes Handlirsch .-----.----- Campteroneura Handlirsch. - ----- 685 illustris (Scudder)-..-------. reticulata Handlirsch .._...-. 685 | ‘Egg case of cockroach’’ Sellards.. No. 1441, AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 815 Page. Page. Endoiasmus Handlirseh..-..----- 805 | Etoblattina mazona Sellards . 725, 801, 802 reticulatus Handlirsch - .----- 805 | mediana Scudder 2.2.:-.-.--- (ey Epheboblatta Handlirsch ....---- 794 | mucronata Scudder...-------- 732 attenuata (Scudder) -.-.--.--- 795 | Qowniras SOW 45 esos sone 73 Uphemerites affinis Scudder -.----- 809 occidentalis Scudder -.--.-.----- 739 GLO AS SCUAC Clpe ees aa er 809 occulta Scnudder=2=* 325222 758 STTUILETASCU CCC Tae ere aa t 809 OuctO SCUddeR mae see sees eee 732 Etoblattina aceubita Scudder . ----- 737 aliens S CUA Chaser ese eae 758 On GUstONSCUCCets 2 a= ae 799 persistens Scudder....-.----:- 739 DYNAM! SOUSCKES So cacoeaesoe 797 Wreaulcis SCUaCeI aaa. -=2 >= 5 5 738 iin) SOOCGIEIE Saco Beadescose 797 | FAMOSGSCuddet== sae see -e secs 754 balicata Scudder a2. -2-2 2s 4a 765 | RECIOMUG SCUC Meee aena- oes see 758 benedicta Scudder ..------.--- 153" | REMOUAVSCUC CCT ee es eee = ae i14 Clonkit SGU ER aaee= r= see ee 127 RESIAUMISCUACEM ss 24 jane eae oe 739 clintoniana Scudder -.-------- 782 ROOMS CUCM Chae aes ae ae 738 communis Scudder. .------- 731, 735 SAGULATLOMSCUd eres s se. es oe 741 coriacea Sellards-......------ 751 scholfieldi.Scudder_-2--.------ 749 deviisiscuddenee=seeee see 744 SECC CUG Cea] eee eee 736, 737 figjossd SCUARCE 2-622 22 56-—\- 759 Sp Sellar stress Nese ence 798 Getecig, SCUd dere = === eens ae 763 SNeOCNALOS Sak ess oe! tee 798 CORMAN GI SCUCC CT ees seen 742 spewellardseeepeesaseee ee ceee 798 CRG SCUACC ie ania sere as ar = TASH spucellardst erase. sae acess 801 CUES SCUCC Chesser ae aoe ee 750 SOMOCUCC Cee sae ete ae 796 expugnaia Scudder_...--.--.--- 133: | SM GUCC Chae ee eee terrae hoi expulsata Scudder....------ 736, 737 | SPEOCUCC Chee aeee nets = 797 exnunclanSCUdd eI = 2242-25-42 744 | Ss OCU dere ence sa naete a esse 798 PACU SOUCO(S? 5 so seneancae 736 | SDMOCUC Ce eae = eee see 798 ATISCLSTONSLOUYS (0 (2) payne IIe 760 | Spo Cud GC Craee me eee eee fie) OCHO, SKOUGURE = oe ee aesaae 757 shpat SCUdGde =-e-e eee he set 796 FOSSCAS CUC (Cin se etseterr oe 740 Sirigosa SCUGdeY = so. 2s sesn oe 764 THOU AORFIGO. SOWGS Oe ok Sec oce ee fens SCUC UCL ee sees eee 759 UNestoySCuCd Cele sass eee 749 NOmIeG ald Scud Getaes = aos aa 754 gorhamt Scudder.---.--------- 721 venusta Scudder. ..2---------- 730 gracilenta Scudder -..------ 752, 761 WiLLSiOMNG SCUAUdEL a -—- 2222 5 - 759 Qratiosa Scudder=. 222-2 -<-2-- 736 | Eubleptidee Handlirsch .....----- 679 hasidighSCuddehae= seesss2.225 757. Eubleptus Handlirsch -...-.-.---- 680 hilhonaSeudder= 2°52 222-522 738 danielsi Handlirsch..-..-.----- 681 hilliana? Sellards -...-.------ 739 | Euceenide Handlirsch .-----.---- 709 MOM SOUS Pe os tee oeSaae (ole eb icrentusiscuddensace=-< o-- ease 710 WSIS SOURIS (oe oopedaonoe 727 attenuatus Melander-.-..-.--- 710 ammolata Scudder. -...-.------ 736 mazonus Melander -.-------- 710 inuperfecta Scudder-.-.------- 737 OvalisisScuddensa=seese esse - 2 710 HOPE SOWIE, = so 5e555ceocc 759 rotundatus Handlirsch..----- 710 jeffersoniana Scudder. -------- 750 | Euephemerites Scudder .--....---- 809 Puvenisose Wand stas eee eee 802 THadovls! SOOKE. aaccornececeas 809 lato cudd erste nee epee ener 733 PISas SCUdGehene =. se -= ee 809 Intebricola Scudder +22. 2-52 796 primordialis Scudder ......-- 809 lesquereuxt Scudder ...-.----- 720 simplexvocud@er, .22es-1-)-=-)=1- 809 MOACerdid OCUAGEr .2..52.22se ee 737 | Eumorphoblatta Handlirsch - ---- 728 MACHENTG SCUAGEY .. <2 oe = == 732 | Inerasi( Scudder) ssso- 2 ci. === 729 MAGES CUA Cha == eee eee 733 | Euphemerites affinis Scudder -.---- 809 maledicta Scudder. = .22 = -. 753, 760 | GiGAS SCUAGET Iasi tian aise se 809 marginata Scudder. ......---- 757 | SUM PIE SCUCUCN sta aierm ain w'= =< 809 MOZOnUSCUQeR masses eee eee 725 | Euryteenia Handlirsch ........... 67 Proc. N. M. vol. xxix—05——56 816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX, Page | Page. Eurytienia virginiana Handlirsch. 674 | Geroneura Matthew .......------ 695 Eurythmopteryx Handlirsch--.-. 675 wilsoni Matthew. --e.--22- 695 antiqua, Handlirsch=:\3-=-22—- 675 | Glaphyrophlebia Handlirsch ~~. -- 707 Exochoblatta Handlirsch --..---- 741 pusillastiandlinsebe ee seeemee 707 hastatas (Scudder) se ss=se 742. Goldenbergia contusa Brongniart.. 808 Exochomylacris Handlirseh..---- 767 longitudinalis Brongniart ----- 712 virginiana Handlirsch-...----- 768 Goniomylacris Handlirsch .--.--- 778 Genentomum Scudder ......----- 700 © patiper Handlirseh—.-5.2==222 778 Valid Scudder sae sesen= eae 700 | Gyroblatta Handlirsch--------:-- 726 Genopteryx Scudder......-.-.--- 704 Clark (Scudder) s==ssee-—= PHA constricta Scudder..-...------ 704 ? scapularis Scudder --------- eit Gerablattina abdicata Scudder. - - - - 732 | Gyrophlebia Handlirsch ..------- 697 GDIGAN S| SCUGCC Tee =e 757 | longicollis Handlirseh......-- 697 CUCUGLA CUCCCT = sean eae 752 | Hadentomoidea Handlirsch - ----- 692 balicato Scud denees = seeeeee a= 765 | Hadentomum Handlirsch ...----- 693 CASSULC SCUCC E> sees peer ee ee 798 americanum Handlirsch ----- 693 concinna Scudder ..-.-.----- 737, 738 | Hapaloptera Handlirsch -..---.--- 694 deducta Scudder. = --2-2-22-=- 732 gracilis Handlirsch)=22_2s2se= 694 diversipennis Scudder.--..---- 758 | Hapalopteroidea Handlirsch ~ ..-- 694 Gver sa SCUdC er a=s ease Ee ee eee 751 | Haplophlebium Scudder... ..~-- 670 fascigera Scudder :-.--. .. =... 719 barnesir Seudders22 225-6 a-—e 670 raternd Scudders. 9-2 = see 745 | longipennis Scudder ....------ 803 INCULAIS CUA Chane eee eee eee 750) || Bemenistia Dana\-2— 2. 2-22 - =e 807 fata Scudder =e eee reer eeee 743 occidentalis Dana..--...-.---- 807 minima Scudder ..-.-.------- 794 | Hemimylacris Handlirsch.-.....-- 766 OUALA I SCUd Cer eee eee 741 | clintoniana (Scudder) .......- 767 perita Scud dete. yeas 750 ramificata Handlirsch. ......- 767 permacra Scudder.....-.----- 742 | Heolide:, Handlirsch= 2-32 -2 = 677 permanenta Scudder. .--.----- 740, Heolus-Elandlirsch) 3-22 3522 ss" 677 TOO SCUA CET 222 eee 741 | providentize Handlirsch....-- 678 richmondiana Scudder. ---.--- 796 | Homothetide Sendder.......---- 676 rotundata Scudder...-.------- 743 Homothetus Scudder ..-..-..---- B77 scapulans Scudderes.- 4. 252 VEU erutus Matthews es --eser oe 685 uniformis Scudder... .-- 733, 734, 738 | TOSssilisiscudders==see eee 677 ‘¢Geracus tubifer’’ Matthew----.-- 810 Hypermegethes Handlirsch -----. 672 Gerapompidee Handlirsch ---..--- 711 | schucherti Handlrsch ..---. =a eGi3 Gerapompus Scudder ...--.------ 711 Hypermegethidee Handlirsch.---- 672 blattinoides Scudder --.--.--- (lis) adiiomylacnideess= sae =s eee eee 789 eXfensusiSCuad eres =ereeee eee 711 | Idiomylacris Handlirsch --....--- 790 schucherti Handlirsch -.-.---- alelt sracilisthiandlirsch! 525-7. 5522 791 Geranideeyhiandlinschwes sees ee 701 | Kinklidoblatta Handlirsch -...--- 720 Geraroides Handlirsch...-----.-- 704 lesquereuxi (Scudder) -...-.-- 720 maximus (Melander).--.---- 704 | ‘‘Tibellula carbonaria’’ Seudder.. 809 Gerarusscuddenyessee espero eee 702 | Liparoblatta Handlirsch ---.-.----- 740 angustus Handlirsch..-..-.-- 708 ovata Scudd ers aes === ears 741 MOPEO NOUN 55s seoscaaasce 804 LAdiatai Scudder. sass aes 741 danielsi Handlirsch..-...---- 703 | Lithentomum Scudder ...--.-..--- 684 longus Handlirsch.....-.---.-- 702 | harttul Scud dents eee 684 MAZONUS SCUdGC Cree ae = eee 703 | Lithomantidee Handlirsch..-.---- - 673 Vebus SCUCC Chee ae: ease 702 | Lithomylacris Scudder--.-..-.---- 781 2 Scud dere ease ease 803 angusta Scudderseesee= see ee 781 ?——— Scudder .-.--.------- 804 pauperata Scudder .....-.----- 783 Gerephemera Scudder .---..-.--- 672 pittstoniana Scudder..-....---- 784 simplex Scuddersesseee sess 672 simpler SCUGGEE sea. ae von 784 No. 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HA NDLIRSCH. Page. | Lycocercidz Handlirsch -....---- 675 | Mylacris diplodiscus Sellards.....- iMamomiavkand lirsecheesse= a o2 ae 671 | fedubiasiandiinseh 222s. 52-2. alutacea Handlirsch .......-- 671 | elongata Scudder ..........-- Manisa 5 Cud den aaee ee eeee aes = 808 elongata Sellards........--- 77 Megablattina beecheri Sellards ----- 726 | Gurley Scud dereee sae see ae Megalometer Handlirsch.--.-.--- 713 | Reem SCud Genser aos a oee = a lata Elarrallinsclimes a a= 5 a= (Ales | licuuga scudders=ss2s-2s5-2= Megasecoptera Brongniart.---...- 691 mansfieldi Scudder ......-.--- Megathentomum Scudder ......-- 803 uals Scud dersaee soso eee pustulatum Scudder. .......-- 803 | packarat: Clark 2-222) 22,eee Mesoblattinidze Handlirsch._....- 793 | pennsylvanica Scudder... ..-- Metacheliphlebia Handlirsch- ---- 698 | priscovolans Scudder .....-.-- elongata (Scudder) .......--- 698 | ? sellardsii Handlirsch ~~... -- Metachorus Handlirsch ....-..--- 747 | similis Handlirsech......--.--- striolatus Handlirsch .... 2... 748) “* Near Cheliphlebia”’ Scudder... . testudou(Scudden)sesse-sse-- 747 | Nearoblatta Handlirsch.......... Metaxyblatta Handlirsch ....-..- 729 | lakesui(Scuddem)iis2 222242265 hadroptera Handlirsch...-..- 730 | rotundata (Seudder).......-- Metaxys.Handlirsch--.-2.....-.: 739 | Necymrylacris Scudder ......-.... TOSSAIS CUCU Chase =e eee eee 740 MAROS SKOWOGIS Bae epee sa- Metropator Handlirsch ..-..----- 681 lacoana: Scudder's._- 2... <-2- pusillus: Handlirscht 2 2..2.:. 682 Neomylacridze Handlirsch -....-.- Metropatoridze Handlirsch -...... 681 | Neomylacris Handlirsch ........- MetryiasEtandlirsch 2.) 2se. 2.22. 700 maj Ondandlinse hes yee ee anakissandlirschs22. 5 Sess. 700 paucinervis Handlirsch ...--- bevel IDG oe cee ooeecuocedese 698 mullayElandlinschyeee ses e- Dronsoni Danaea eee 698 | Neorthroblattina Scudder .._.._-. GUT FASCUGGCT 28 = ee rao 804 albolineata Scudder.......--.- Microblattina Scudder -.....-...- 708 attenuata Scudder........--.. perditascudders. 22... s---- 708 (aesia CUCU Ghee = <2 .ese ee = Mixotermitoidea Handlirsch ~~~ ~~ 695 rotundata Scudder ...-.-...---. Mrylacridze Scudder ...-...----.-- 766 Neorthroblattinidee Handlirseh- - - Molacnida Sellards---.2--..--.-:- 800 Nepioblatta Handlirsch ._.....--- (Mylacride ) ampla Scudder.... 784, 785 intermedia (Scudder)....__-.- bretonensis Scudder .......-- 784 ‘‘Neuropteroid Fam. Homotheti- carbonina Handlirseh....---- 784 die a SCUCGeE sa: 27. sums seen: gurleyiSscuddertsssss-25s252- 785 | Oedischia valida Brongniart. .----- pauperata Scudder.........-- 783 Oedischiidee Handlirsch........-. pennsylvanica Scudder. ....-- 784. Olethroblatta Handlirsch ......-. pittstoniana Scudder.._....-- 784 — americana Handlirsch _..__-- priscovolans Scudder _.....--. 783. Orthogonophora Handlirsch. ...-. pseudo-carbonum Handlirsch. 784 distincta Handlirsch ._._..... ngida Scudder @2- == 2255... 785 Orthomylacris Handlirsch..-..--- simplex Scudder ........-.-. 784 alutacea Handlirsch ........- eeviviacridcea: « SCUddeiasa=tse see 809 analisiEtandlirschy 2s... 42-2 MivlaGrisnsCud dere = === =n 778 antiqua Scudder... 2=-22-25--.- OHH TRESOWUOGETS a acSeoscnose 784 elongata Handlirsch _....__-- ONCE SISe land Sse aa ee ee 800 NESTE SCC Ceram eee anthracophila Scudder -...--- 719 lucituga: Scudder 2222222222: - antigua Scudder. oso. 9. 222026 771 | mansfieldi Scudder ........-. bretonensis Scudder.........-. 784 | pennsyvanica Handlirsch -__- carbonum Scudder .......-- 773, 784 pluteus Scudder 525" s2 42222 ( Dipeltis) diplodiscus Melander 800 rugulosa Handlirsch ......... ( Dipeltis) diplodiscusSellards. 799, 800 truncatula Handlirsch 817 Page. 799 780 719 779, 800 785 770 770 770 797 798 784 783 779 779 697 794 794 794 749 729 749 786 786 787 788 787 790 790 795 794 794 790 795 795 710 700 700 745 746 686 686 768 771 768 Tal 770 770 770 770 ida. 771 769 769 818 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Page. Page. Oryctoblattina Scudder ._......-- 705 | Petromartus Melander .....-.-.-- 699 americana Handlirsch ..-.-.- 706 | insignis Melander _........-- 699 laqueata Scudder ....-..-.-.-- 705 | Phoberoblatta Handlirsch.._.---. 728 latipennis Handlirsch..-.-..--- 706 grandis | Handlirschtsssse-2 ee" 728 OCCLOUGINCUdC CH eee eee eee eee (14s) ehthanoconisiScudd eres eee 802 Oryctoblattinidee Handlirsch . ...- 705 | occidentalis Scudder ....----- 802 Oxynoblatta Handlirsch -.....--- 748 | Phthinomylacris Handlirsch ----- 774 alutacea Handlirsch ....-.--- 748 cordiformis Handlirsch . ----- 774 ? americana (Scudder)....-.- 749 | medialis Handlirsch ......_.- 775 ? triangularis (Scudder) - ----- 749 | Phyloblatta Handlirsch........-- 731 Paleoblatta Handlirsch.----....-- 718 abbreviata Handlirsch -..-.-- 733 paucinervis (Scudder) .-.--.- 719 abdicata (Seudder) ......---- 732 ? ** Palzoblattarix’’ Scudder ...-.-.. 808 — accubitayl(Scudder)sae es 737 Paleodictyoptera Goldenberg .... 669 ancusta (Scudder) es2e22-2=22 733 (Paleodictypteron) latipenne arcuata Handlirsch -...-..-.-- 739 laginolbheseoy soosogneacseooscaur 688 cassvilleana Handlirsch --.---- 733 mazonum Handlirsch.....--- 688 | communis (Scudder) ......-- 731 virginianum Handlirsch- ----- 688 | concinna (Scudder)........-- TT Paleeotherates Handlirsch..-...-- 690 debilis Handlirsch..........- 736 pennsylvanicus Handlirsch.-. 690 dedimctal(Scudder)saseseseee= 732 Palaiotaptus Elandlirschss 2222 s-o- 687 dichotoma Handlirsch ......- 735 mazonus Handlirsch...------ 687 | ? dimidiata Handlirsch. -.---- 738 Palephemera antiqua Scudder - ---- 676 elatior Handlirsch’s.-2--s.<=- 735 IEE KONE) Sia oon soekoosscosce suc 682 expugnata (Scudder) -...---- 733 curleyiiscuddermssses5seeeee- 682 expulsata (Scudder) ......--- 737 lacoana Scudder seessesseceoe 687 exsecuta (Scudder) -...-.--.- 736 superoa SCuddenes= sass ae ae 687 iractapilanciliirs@ leer 735 VENUE, ISMN Kon eeeebonsmoce 682 funeranial(Scudden)ssssess=e 733 Paolidee Handlirschz-—--.2-2-5-- 682 gratioga (Scudder) esse s2sese- 736 Paracheliphlebia Handlirsch - ---- 699 ? hilliana (Scudder) --.------- 738 extensa (Melander) --.-..--- 699 immolata (Scudder) .......-- 756 Parahaplophelbium Handlirsch -. 808 imperfecta (Scudder) .......- 737 longipennis (Scudder) ...--.-- 803 latan(Scudder)iass==s== == 733 Paralocusiscuddenes==ees-eeeeee 690 macerata (Scudder)........-.- 737 eeschnoides Scudder ..-...--- 690 macilenta (Scudder) .....-..- 732 Parapaolia Handlirsch ....--.---- 687 macroptera Handlirsch -..... 731 superba (Scudder) --.-.--.---- 687 | mactata (Scudder) -.....-...-.- 733 Pareinoblatta Handlirsch -...-..- 743 | mediana (Scudder) .........- 732 expuncta (Scudder) -.------- 744 mortua: Handlirseh >. 5.255: == 735 Paromiylacnisiscuddernssse 4-4 783 mucronata (Scudder) .....-... 732 WY OGY SOUS? os acess 785 Obatrar (Scudder) tsss-seeeeee 735 clintoniana Scudder .....----- 767 ? occidentalis (Scudder) ..-..- 739 Re plLUteUs SCUCC Chinas eee aeee 771 | ovatal(Scuddern) = =ssseeeesee= 732 LOMA SCUd eT see eee eee 783 | preduleis (Scudder) aaseese- 738 triangularis Scudder ...-.---- 749 | ? rebaptizata Handlirsch.-- ~~ 738 Penetoblatta Handlirsch -..-.-.-- 743 =| regularis Handlirsch -....---- 733 rotundata Scudder_......---- 748 residua(Scudden)) ssssseeees— 733 virginiensis Scudder .--...--- 743 | moyen (SOHC) oossssenoosces - 738 Petrablattina Scudder ..-----..-- 750 scudderiana Handlirsch.----. 738 Pequaj SCUG Cel meee see ee 750 | secreta, (Scudder): -2=- =: 2---- 737 Nasiaiaiecuddens=seeeeeeereee 742 ? sellardsii Handlirsch ...---- 739 Meer CU Cele eee ee Pe eee eee 750 uniformis (Scudder) -.....--. 733 Sepulta, SCUdd er. a2 a. eae ee eens 750 virginiana Handlirsch..--.... 736 No, 1441. AMERICAN PALEOZOIC INSECTS—HANDLIRSCH. 819 Page. Page. Phyloblatta vulgata Handlirsch... 736 Pseudohomothetus erutus (Mat- Plagioblatta Handlirsch......---- 721 EIT GANE see bene Nees epssrtaesy Se Selena 685 campbelli Handlirseh ..-..---- 722 Pseudopaolia Handlirsch...-.---- 687 parallela (Scudder) ...-.-..---- 22 lacoana (Scudder) ......----- 687 Platephemera Scudder ....------- 676 Pseudopolyernus Handiirsch ~~ --- 803 amtiqua scuddemes-s2-—5 ===. - 676 laminarum (Scudder)......-. 803 “‘Podurites saltator’’ Scudder .... 810 Pteridomylacridee Handlirsch --.. 788 Polycreagra Handlirsch.......--- 678 Pteridomylacris Handlirsch ..---- 788 elegans Handlirsch ..-------- 679 paradoxa Handlirsch -------- 789 Polycreagridee Handlirsch......-- 678 | Pterygogenea Brauer ...---.----- 669 Polyernus*Seudder 22522. -.-- 22 714 Rhaphidiopsis Scudder ..-...-.--- 691 complanatus Scudder ....---- 714 diversipenna Scudder ..-..---- 691 lamimeanium: Scudder 225245422. 803 | Schizoblatta Handlirsch .....---- 722 Polyetes Handlirsch ©: ..25..5---.. 715 alutacea Handlirsch .....-.-..- 723 HuUReHer) Evan dl linselyaa= see 715.) Schizoblattina multinervia Sellards.. 786 Polyetoblatta Handlirsch .....--- 719 | Scutinoblattina Scudder.-....-.-.-- 795 calopteryx Handlirsch ......- 720 brongniarti Scudder ....----- 795 Poroblattima Scudder=2-=-.2--2-< 791 intermedia Scudder. ...-..----- 795 areuatay SCUdCEIE == se 4-2 792 RECLUS CUCU Che =ee nese ee eee ee 796 brachyptera Handlirsch...--- 791 | Spaniodera Handlirsch.-....--.--- 696 complexinervis Scudder ..-.--- 745 ambulans Handlirsch -.-.---- 697 WOSSOASCUCCER a. foe ea nasi oee 745 Spanioderidee EHanallirschisss. see" 695 gratiosa Scudder =... .---2- 738 Sphenomylacris Handlirsch --..--- 781 laikesne Scudders- ss 25245: aoe 792 singularis Handlirsch .....-.-- 782 iu, lelenaclbndsyeloy, yo hese e aos 792 | Spiloblattina Scudder ..--..------ 762 longinqua Scudder... 22-55: 764 gardimenl SCuaden ae mes- a a= 762 ACCES CU G CLE Tyee ts eta 750 gardineri Scudder... --- 759, 762, 765 OMOCNSIS SCUCC CTE se eee ase 7h guitata, SCuddernse= seas see ere 758 richmondiana Handlirsch.... 792 maledicta Sellards......--.- 753, 765 Poroblattinidee Handlirsch ....-.-. 791 marginata Scudder.....------ 759 Progenentomum Handlirsch. ...-- 701 perforata Handlirsch ----.---- 762 carbonis Handlirsch ......... 701 S07 SOUardse 1 teen ese os 766 Progonoblattina columbiana Scudder — 721 UAOSSICOASCUG CClaeee eae = ae 758 Eromiylaerisi Scudder =< .-2a5=5-/- 782 Spiloblattinidee Handlirsch ...--. 751 htOneu Scud Ghana: see ese sa 2 - = 782. (Spiloblattinidee)balteataScudder. — 765 OAS See eeraate mee Sass 783 | candinenijecudder =. s-ess4ee- 765 MOG SCUAGET S225. ~ 22s see 785 | SD) eer cise omen oe oe eee 765 MOA Suan seem see e eee 785 | ee ee ee OS ee Beira e eee 766 HESHMAONS CUGCGT 2 are 5 =) 2 ss sie 747 | Stenomylacris Handlirsch......-.- 772 *Pronotum of a cockroach’? Sel- elegans Handlirsch -.-..----- 773 LPROS) Scie seers mI asses Sorcicaie 799 | Stygetoblatta Handlirsch.....-...- 746 Propteticus Scudder =ss-2-4------ 698 | latipennis Handlirsch--..---- 747 infernus; Scudder 2-25.-4--=.- 698 | Symphyoblatta Handlirsch.....-- 744 Protoblattoidea Handlirsch ...--. 704 debilis (Scudder) ...-....--.. 744 Protodictyon Melander ......--... 803 | Syscioblatta Handlirsch.......--- 760 pulchripenne Melander ..---- 803 anomala Handlirsch ..-..---- 760 Protodonata Brongniart.......--. 689 exsensa (Scudder) 22. < 22 a5 760 Protorthoptera Handlirsch ......- 695 | gracilenta (Scudder eso oe. s-- 761 Pseudetoblattina Handlirsch ~~... 714 | hhustomie (Scudden)eees a: ese 761 meliquas(scud den) sass sees 714 | reaubaoye Ja lenovlheXN sccccoaccas 760 Pseudogerarus Handlirsch ...-.--- 804 | miserapelandlirsches seee= see 762 scudderi Handlirsch .......-- 804 | obscura Handlirsch......---. 760 Pseudohomothetus Handlirsch ... 685 | steubenvilleana Handlirsch .. 761 820) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIX. Sysciophlebia Handlirsch .....--- acutipennis Handlirsch ----.-- adumbrata Handlirsch..----. afimisebandilinschy jesse eee ae aplcaliss(Scudden)= 22222 === arcuata (Scudder) 22a. see2 = benedicta (Scudder) .....---- cassvicl (Scudder) 232-552-226 diversipennis (Scudder) ....-- fasciata (Scudder) ...-------- fenestrata Handlirsch..-.-.--- fumesta(Scudden)ise sess ee guttata (Scudder) 22 :252255-- hastata (Scudder) ....-.=---- hybrida Handlirsch .-.....-- IMVvisay (Scudder) pase ses e eee lawrenceana Handlirsch ----- maledicta (Scudder) -...----- marginata (Scudder) ...----.- nana Eandlirschys= sss" sso - obtusa Handlirscht=ess==-- OCCultan(Scuaden)yeses eee patiens' (Scudder)/-2-=-2 25-2 picta, Wandlirschysee=s-oe eee rAaMOsa(Scudden)wesesss sees Page. | Page. 751 Sysciophlebia? recidiva (Scudder). 758 757 rotundata Handlirsen....---- 795 755 schucherti Handlirsch ...-.-- 754 753 scudderi Handlirsch .......-.- 752 757 sellardsii Handlirsech ._.--.-- 753 752 triassica (Scudder) .....--.-- 758 753 | variegata (Scudder) .....---- 754 758 Wihiterlaandilinse sesame 752 758 | ? Systoloblatta Handlirsch ......- 792 757 | ? ohioensis (Scudder) ..--.--- 793 759 | Termes contusus Scudder..-....---- 808 755 longitudinalis Scudder. - -.---- 712 758 | Titanodictya Handlirsch --....--- 671 757 | jucunda (Scudder) .......--- 671 753 Titanophasma jucunda Seudder.... 671 759 | ‘‘Undescribed Blattinarix’’ Sellards 786 753 | Xenoblatta Handlirsch .--.--..--- 745 753 fraterna (Scudder) -.-------- 745 foi, | Xenonetra Scudder pense eee 684 756 antiquorum Scudder ---..---- 684 756 Scud dense sss 684, 798 75S |= Sellands*32)-= sae 802 Se ee eee 808 754 | ———— ——— ......---..-:.----- 808 ro ENED HX 37 Page. Abbott, Dr. W.L., On Some Bats of the Genus Rhinolophus collected by, in the islands of Nias and Engano, by Knud PATICLELS ON Een ere A re eee Serge €57 CAD IDs cic teee See re ee aS 597 PADUGETAUT COLES GINS soe ween ee eee 355 PN cami hin aware. so cece neee eee as 426 Acanthogobius ommaturus............-- 528 PN CHMPMULUS UE DbUS sae ere te eee eae erie 356 PXCIOOMHOL ARERR aren oe eae oe ee eae 600, 601, 630 Acordulecera...... 587, 589, 590, 601, 602, 603, 604, 638 EXCOTOUIECETIN GES ase oe ee laos sei eas oe 629 PN COSSUS misiecert os ee ce hye ones eee oe ee eS 178, 339 PN COUSINGLI CUS eae Eta eee ee ee 340 SNOTEN ER oa reek ey eRe ela oe 332 ANS TETAS ie oc epee ee een 332 IVAUIS Aeraverse Seca ise ne oma erates 332 JNO TER) OS Sis OS ere ee ee ne 176, 332 Navetisr ee ree a hace aseate 177, 332 INGUR s 2iae Sao AG Re BOE Be CBee a EE See E Sea Se 449 INGO) 0) 17 Ere he eye se eee ee er 182 OG tts tan twits sae ee 183 Delota cts esse oe ae 183 DIDCCH Cas eee soe ee cee 182 PUTPUTASCCUSSec esse -es ees 182 bristy gma So5-22-c5.-- 55. 183 PAC ONGLAE Ns sess se eee ee ec eces sae see 359, 371 DicgUdatat ac sas te see tee: ene 371 ONO e Ae Se ae eRe eae 371 Spinuloidestssassee-ce aes eee as 369, 371 ZONE = Soe Oe ae ae aaa eae 226 TiS ane We Seon Ee eaee coaeeD aearaae 226 /Didarges, Ghee brovores\Oays) SAB Soo ee nee 543 CaTMICal Games ee mee eae cosas 543 GIZA ee eee ee eee anes ele 543 ATIC LC Vd cress aa ee ne eee aes acess 543 PAIISAND AS DIR ney Meera < Seer nee aoe e a 396 PULOM AN Mee Memes a ceice os eee aac ee 396 Nor OEHELCUGES Sepp mee concer cantons een 409 ailbipallpishences- .acecssoce 409 MIS TUGATS 1S sees es eras Se 409 ENV Eom hone Sac ae oa eNotes ease Se 196 Sy RUTAN GCATIO een ese ea Sane eee ete 196 Geliciaiso2s2 sone Soe nece Sere eee 196 Gogninis:;- seg et once ase N es 197 MOlySCMAtae+ = ease cee eee emer 196 Sancte=|ONAanMIs~ eset eee eee 197 Subvoluttayeatiscs2see seeps 196 PAY ELA OUD DVLA) =. < 252 <= seen emcee aes 551 JNIGIGED. 5 eee een SEAS AS Ae eae eae 333 PAN AOC IA Meme oacrinis, asec as ne see nee aeeee 360, 389 Page. Aa TrOd aim Sam peso acess eee cee 389 HAMMERS ose sogncecsesanauers 385 JAM AICCNSIS eee a eee. ee ee 390 INACULA Gare pie ese oe ee ee 389 LCR HS ene Skee aa Sete se be ra fese 390 DYSM Cain sae creche aeses sees ae 389 SIOSSONIS Eee eon te eee eee eee 389 Al ata ee ete. geek sone te eee pe eee 426, 428 ALAGCRUM pepe tee eae esse 426, 428, 430 PAUL STLUS Be ens cere oe eee eee ace 585 INTDERY ROEDER a. oop saben aeaeeeaceeEEoede 389 LUAPUNCtAS Ss teseeae cee Sot ee 389 NY STIG Se yee ease te oes See wee 411 A ATPENDUNOIONGO) (ie os Bona he Sacks soseeoscuee 410 metathoracica------.-.< 410 SATIN) eae tee ioe OAT Biro iar 212 CONSISUEN SEs aeeee seek eeteeee eee 212 American Cochlidian Moths, A List of, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species, by Harrison G. Dyar.......... 359 American Moths, Some New South, by ANAL EWE MnsDIls pesae cseeaee te Behosce oe 347 American Paleozoic Insects, Revision of, byeAnitonsttandlinschsess-ssssee meee 661 American Siphonaptera, The Classitica- tionsofethe: by Carl. Bakers. s..-scce- 121 CAimphibola\wenenstaeeseees=-- see see eee 427 FAITH DIG VOR Meee aise secre nee seer 553 Amp pPHlOMUS = sees aac eee wees se Seas 2s 459 AMP hiprionya2pOnictiSeesescceetiesesese see 523 DOMWANNUSper ee ee eee eee ee 523 Sny Genin eseee eae eee enoeo jo2d eArmy CleSsa nb nTa Cina eee eee eee 548 Golosa eer cn seeeeen eee oe Sear 548 Amydonaslucenssesscese--eseee Lote ees 379 punctata=- 2 2- s25- SCARE OA 396 SCTICGS Se owas een csere aioe ae eer 391 Subpunctatae ss. ces--255 eee ee 386 SUCIN Ee =seesno Secs oeetee ee boas 386 IATIACTAZ A oye = See ene eene ae = Seca aen ne 17 ATI ANCHVY MUS scoere ae eee teas ae eee eae neers 177,334 ANCISTROZAStEIa es eee = ea Bret reye intel 510 falSifer sie ar eeece sacs coe 510 VETICP Aba ccn. ao ccs-- eens 510 | Anderson, Knud, On Some Bats of the Genus Rhinolophus, collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Islands of Nias and BNP AN OM eee asec see eee eee 657 | Androcharta diversipennis, var. Brazilien- SIS vera c consist eee eceae ees 547 TMCONCS re siee cee cece 547 aAs indexes to Charles D. Walcott’s paper, Cambrian Faunas of China (this volume, pp. 1-106) Carl F. Baker’s paper, The Classification of the American Siphonaptera (this volume, pp. 121-170), and Anton Handlirsch’s paper, Revision of American Paleozoic Insects (this volume, pp, 661-820), were specially prepared by the authors, the titles in these papers are omitted in this index. 82] 822 INDEX. Page. Page. Amisolabis) 22 cs:a< seece es eee eee eee 306m || eATtomolisyapicatatenssssen =e 218 i] SU AN Sere eras Nearoe tere ee eae 506 asteroldese:<2-Sscsnacceeeee 214 mlanitinta 0 seeecc eens occ 506 PONOTA Ss ens aac etre eee ee 219 MIE VON INCE) = Ce oc ooceseesedes 506 GAaTinOSa: sas Hoes eee eee 215 PUTO! ses Yee ec oasee eee - 506 ChrysoOperale se asa ceeesee eee 217 TULESCENS: ....2..0-6 Tons cec eee ae 506 Croco pera. a eee ee eee 218 MATIC AE aes sce sieree Sen icc eo ete eee 278 formona,- 22. 42h2-\1-ee noe 216 Pgalibensisey 2% Meee ee 279 Mli9ideS ix. eject See ee 219 lass arte ce cease tenes eee ere 279 UWS 7). ees a So Ao rs 219 Norell = “sss ses ss se eee sees 278 ICEUp Gates Set on ee ee 215 SYUS. 7. oe Se cee ceo see eer 279 MOM BAe acta aes a tosis 218 Amteeas 226 Oe cae nteite nt nace Soecen aSOEe 293 Nera hee eset: ee eee 217 JUGUPN A See oo Fak neck eee 294 ochreatanic. asses ae aeeeeee 214 OMAN ae Rie Meee eo aeoae- estos 293 packardin. 22 seca eeceenic nate 217 AM GAR as iss traces eeree sa sees eeercee 190 Dolystriasssea-s.cee eee eee eee 219 TM CLICTON B18 eee ee eee 190 DuUlvierosa ts He eee ee ee eee 215 Antichloris auranticauda.........-------- 549 sulftunear o-3- foo eee eee 216 eryphia..... Bae se ae Oe 548 SUD CLD 2 Sa 216 [SHORE eq noodandAsognebncec 549 ZOMAN i= erie osteo a ee erets 217 QUabtzisasoe- -e eee nee scenes 548)-|) Azygophlepsaeaccce ser ees ees ae eee ears 339 IANtIOPN Ase ose esos et Sa eee ee 331m bactrocenos=s==eeese= 589, 592, 598, 612, 618, 623, 627 albolines\=Scca-sss-esense. ee 237 | Baker, Carl F., The Classi*cation of the HA pa telOd eS) is asc ceeiss an cemacoeoen oeee ae 295 American Siphondpteraee-eseeeeeeeeee 121 pandarioidesteresssseeee eee 295.9) Balistapuswndulaiise.- sees see eeeee 356 Aphomyrmex emery >. 22 52-2 ---s52-5--5- TT |) Bare xii yee ee ne ne 233 ADH Y CUS. ten tesee eres ee eee ea onoe Bo 404" || (BAritius «<2. s. cockieoe Scere ons eee 223 albiclavatuseess=s eee eee eee 404 hemorrhoid es eens = eee ee eee 223 dactylopils - 222 ses.-- 23s eee 404 | Bats of the Genus Rhinolophus, collected 1.1) 0) (ee ee eee Se err 620 by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Islands of AM OCEE EAs 3c obs oe cee cet e ee eae 174,193 Nias and Engano, On Some, by Knud SODPI8s sete AG eae ee eee 174,193 AN GeTSONM er eeee eee Eee Pas aye 657 Apsilops migTricepsesee eee ce eee ee eeee 114 |) Belome :..2- cach .pnccte wat come nen eeeeeer 449 Aptenyeidass ou. Sade oneee- osteo aoe ne 513) Belonopteranse-eesseeee eee eee see eeee 347 BEACHIGIS ac cee ec eioceiee sts 513 San guinea)..-6 cee seers 347 ery throcephalaassse-2---sse-- 513 (Beth ylides 235-044 45e5- see ese ere eee 109 Oravidulasce an cecsseemet eee 513° ||| Biopsy ches s:2... sossesee sere cea eee 178, 344 Archiv ShMexICaN a seen ee eres ee eee Iv |) Blasticotoma=-22--c2-s.) 585, 586, 589, 591, 593, 624 rATCtlideestecnce see cee. Lee ee eee 206) eB lasticotomid ses semses-eeeeee ees eee 626 ATG ONC 22 Rosse ns Sade nace pomenaes 197 | Blattoid, A New, from the Cretaceous judaphila ys 24/ .s208 et 2 eee ase 197 Formation of North America, by An- Argyrceides auranticincta.............--. 544 COnMEL an Gits ch sees eet 655 GOLOS Sse arom eee 5447 (eBlennocam poe maeseseee see ee 583, 586, SUADULENSISeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeee 545,547 591, 596, 599, 600, 601, 693, 610, 611, 612 Arhabdosia..... Dy Fe yp ean Pee aa an 2 174, 201 altemipes: s5c2eo sees eeeene 607,610 SUbVand aaa aece-ceeeoseeeees 174,201 | Blennocampine...-...-- Be eee eee 629, 636 ATH A ClAs a seen a aachrses one aia Cee eee masa 243° |) Bleraie.:, oct ee ose en sane jit Meenas 264 elongata. Ass dace saentade see a 243 lnitas <<.os cabs. sethen tact eee eee 265 ATMO PTOSSUSHUCIUIS sere eaeeae ae eeeeestae 528 Nitida.,.. 3:..5-s5esee eee sere ec 264 A SboliawMiCcans): 2 cjee--sacceeeeeee ee eee 364 eB OM DIO CSheeeeee Eee ene eee ee ter 184 Sericea oe. seis a2 eS eee 384 CiINCTA mere eveea se eee 184 [Ascaptesy lesen pees etee eae eee meee 175520 Ie eBOMmpUS =e eee seeee eee SEALS EP EPL CS 620 submarpingita eee 175, 201 Bombycocera seniliste es =]-—-= eee eee 379 Ashmead, William H., New Genera and Bombyx somiliae = 2 22a eee eee _ 367 Species of Hy- CIPPUS '....5- 5662 tes seeeie see ee ea 367 menoptera from dolabrata,~ set cenece sas eae 391 the Philippines... 397 fuSCa-o5- cose eee ese ee eee 364 New Hymenoptera hipparchiaieen-ss-oo-eseeese ees 388 from the Philip- MY Calis) ace ciga ae sce eias oes 389 PINCSE Seen 107 NOSED) sw), oa ne teioe scene cit aa 362 Ast Wai a) parcin es Leo So ree Sees eee 585,630 SIMOIS shcccees ese ee CS eee 379 AtLODNE 2m accdcccc ose e nena oaeeeeeene 410) ||| WHOvIZE. 325-55 acess See eeeae eee eee 264 ATU ACOMIERUS 24 Aererineieie ete eee ee eee 638 POVELG: Fens eee eae ee es 264 SAMI A CUS. one cie- sree eee sone sees nee ereae 620") Bormansiaecs-- = s-saae ease eee eee 504 AUGOMO]ISS. Says ercic oe crest siorslereie erie oe ene 214 ALVICAN Ae. eee eee et eerie 504 albiplagaiccs.ccncccoue cose soe ee 218 MMpPTessicollismee eee tee 504 aleteniatcnncessnas cocoon 214 meridionalis=.5-2-ess-sesseer= 504 IROStLY GHUSISiNGNnsis=- meer sees see eee Bowie, Mr. Henry P., A List of Fishes collected in Tahiti by, by David Starr Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder..... BrachyCogill ame ee meee ae eerie eines IBTachyxIphussercres see cee ease ese SNA COMMA SUG Te erpsrete eee oles aeeresie or ercieeate = IBSTAC OMIM Nee e ce teraicieie store loie oe 2.ci= sieiemes = oe Breeding Habits and the Segmentation of the Egg of the Pipe%sh, Siphostoma Floride, by Eugene Willis Gudger...--- ROT UILIZ ATION ees arses. cto fe oese senor © Formation of the germ disk ............ 13 621] OH) oe Re ORGS RRS amc icr nese Segmentation - ass ce o-oo ele sa The literature on the reproduction of the LOPHODraANChs see eee secre seeeee ee The method of deposition.............- 130. b ners Ca Orne SoS Re cone eae ose aoneae MeRpPOMtAN Al. 2 ee mecsacceecteeee ees IBUCCINUM IE y= oc, 5o2 02 tcc eee esceemee nace SpMIStreseee a eres Rate ee eN ys @TADICUMEne es eesceoan cena calear-lonetimer es ses seen ae COLON ALUMS eee asec sees palleptierreaee scenes eee Veh GUT eee eee NAUStRUM Se eee eee eee OTM atuMe eee aces eee s POST] OSU eee ee plica tums. Sees sae ese PTISMATICUIM Ee eee eee eee SatUMUMs 3222) Senn ease esac eee SDINO SUMP pees 0 see eee SUL MEUIM See sere ee eee INDEX. 823 Page. Page. S20 se UCCiNUMEvexillUMese ee eee ae. eee eee 429 SAUL UN ee ee eee ae ee 431 ISCO Serie = taal tee ae ee ti eT 428 353 Circulatameten certs sete een sneer eee 431 333 VANLO Seer ee een ec ae eee 431 333 WATE A Geert eee eiec eb ences sen et 430 O94 O4ty | MORCOStALMALGISCAliSnam a=. eee aeme oo ee 551 119 UT Parl CO Le) see eee 551 INS F425 Crenolydaiose 42 -2ee ee 589, 592, 596, 598, 612, 618, 623 Calamostomanssee siete. 5) semen ae eee 456 California Pleistocene Cave Deposit, A 447 Fossil Raccoon from a, by James Wil- 466 MAIN SAGI dle yee ese ta teeth pe 553 AG OTA RO@SETO a Merecer eee ene ett ns ne aS 631, 632 4485 uCalledemapse asc etee- ee eee 230 447 ATCIN GS eee ee eee eee ae 230 447 ALL ON Cae soe eae eek et ee actos 230 469 SUTSES Bese ce ee eee ee et teenie 231 492 | (OnMNeyan aaNet. | oe one tegeSscateSeeaee 529 Callionyimtis (oliduse-ses-2-- see see cena 529 4495 Gallisthenitere nace eee. ae eS eee Ee 199 466 MNP UST ty rca os oe eee ee ems oa 199 348, || Calobopsis albocincta..........-........- 110 348 | Calonotos plumulatus.................... 541 349 UD UT EUS eee see eee 540 348) |iCalybiaimmaculatas... 25.2555. s5052 eee 389 428 1ON42h01 he Got ae aE een Sea CEUs a See 389 430 | Cambrian Faunas of China, by Charles 430 DAV Viel COU baeiet oars ent a ee eee 1 AS a Cain pOnISCUS! 22 see. ance RS pie eee 635 A300 sandy baspuncta tapes 22. eee see eee ee 386 230m |p Cantharidis see at oscars asa ake 427 oles CRAIN geen eer NC cc eee oe es 8 Na 334 431 AVI COLTS eee ee ee 334 431 imparilisese-5 se sere aces seco 334 A30G iCaranxei eno bill Seeeee enon see eee 354 431 |! Carassivisemae ae aan ia ee oS 470, 474,491 431 BULAGUS ee neces nies & = 519 430 | Cardiochiles philippensis............_.__. 118 AST CRTC ety peeee er eee eas Pea hans 427, 428 A305 |eCardiumyacupi chases see =e eee 432 430 SIDIdae Sacer eect See ere ae 432 430 SQUOSE. 2-6 eee a eee ene 432 431 STD ORESCCLS ee see a eee ae 432 430 DICOlOTAee <-ca ee ee eee oes 432 431 CaStTensise se seeee ee ere peace 432 430 COCCIN G2 tet a Oe ree Feeney ae 432 430 Coelata a0 ee x Se ee 432 430 Columbindpe sees eee 432 430 Ghista-calllige esses see wee 432 431 Gentrachalismaec pee ee ees 432 431 fUMOSHe eet oe Cee ee ae 432 430 PIV ae oases eer ke Mee 2 2 432 430 NYS GTIRE ooeeise 82 soso oe ee 432 430 shad} ede ee cae eee Ena See aenae 432 430 INSCHUD Laman saeco oe 432 431 LLG Seer ee nee eee 432 430 TNACUlOSR Bess ee eck he eee ere 432 430 MATIMOT alae awn ce as seen ae 432 439 Nebulosdeeerreecaa eee ery cae Ma ae 432 430 MOR Shes eeee ees ee eee eee 432 431 THM AGA S ore yee Ses ee ees se 432 431 alata, pee ae ee 432 431 PeLsON ata Non -esee cr eae sees eye 432 431 PULPULC Aas Aeceaas tae See et eee 432 430 Stra tae acter eect wee eee? 432 824 INDEX. Page Cardiumtignina-c5 0 eee eae ee eens 432 tran cularisieaee ea eee ee 432 UM Ga tum sees sates tee eee ee 432 VAIN O85) moe ae cee eo eee 432 VI OlACOAP acme Sassen eee 432 wangulata, scincs seceace ccsese ene 432 CaruM acs ssh it pete pao onee aac eee 441 Cassus)pamnilisss9-2s-ca- coe seem ase oer. 178 Cave Deposit, A Fossil Raccoon from a California Pleistocene, by James Wil- liamis) Gidley cn: aaee reese ee eee 553 @elam ac... oes Se asses eee eee 194 BI DIT UPA a oislocrss Polo eee cee oe 194 Centriscusins. 2s oot ees See eee 459 Cephaleia.............-..---=- 589,592, 598, 612; 623 Cephidies s42s0e scans sess cae eee one 645 @ephus: Ae alsoe eee ie nocaee cee tee 591, 604, 620 DY SUNGCUS ees eater eter 642 Geramidiasbutleri: {5.22 sees ce eae ees 548 CalnenSissa-eeeeaaeceeee ose 548 phemonold essen seee eee 548 Genealees s:, set areicieicistideer se nee Eee ee EF 638 Cerithiwm = 4s ece ioe 2 os ras eee eee 427 AS PCL; ear Se ste eee eee esac ae 427 @eropalide: .siccctnee seer ee see ee 107 Ceroplastes actiniformis::.--. 22-242 --ss=- 405 Cerostomatolatumesa] see ee eeeee eee 428 Cerura’. ciccctesceaclen se see Cen aaeee ese 244 SF ONCING)-/erersiewicietsleieise eile eateries 244 lanceassaasae acerca eee nee eee 244 CNadisrate cen seme sseeee ae eee 265 cucullioidestes eee eee renee eee 266 MUI if dae eee eee eee 265 Chetodontcollanisesece spe estes eee eee 524 ephippiumteeeeeeen eee eee eee 355 Mum aeet sect ae se eee 355 OLN AtISSINUS = aeeeee eee eeeetee 355 VEUICUIALUS See ee seat eee 355 Settlers S538 Pee. cree eee 355 triChTOus!.sssee ee eee eee 313 IT@SC).< 32 ess hcnaee eee ee eee 301 lapanai. oo. te eee eee 309 lauren = 2 ace ee eee 310 lemoultizs sae eae eee 314 lim baie 35.25.2608 ce eee eee ee eee 314 Ato) F: eens ee et ee abot ome oS 314 | MedlOClATase 524 Oso e ee eee 311 Melesied HGH eee eee eee 300 MUG) ossoee hee eae ate eee 315 MOrens: = 35-ensSar sees eee ae 311 MYAsinccsceeee veceee eee eee eee 306 tae INDEX. 825 Page. Page. Clapheinam Orasse.aa-=e oss = ete eee Otel COM depen ce eles A coe eters eo aici aera 298 20421] 0} Ht: Fees ee er een es 307 albescense ea. 52 “sacs sc eeecenceee 299 NAEUN A ees cos see oe ee cemea toes 299 POI GIB G Hs ecleiaaats asic ars cco as ceeiaete 298 MOATCOLAE seer sen te nce See ae oa te ote 307 UTM Vevay. se sere tate sisepeirwiciscin eae ceisler 299 MeToOpuNnctataeas 2 sees eee ea 300) |mCollichthiys trapilise oe ess. 2 os tee ee 517, 522 obliterata se- oe see ties eoas oe 304 Columbigallina passerina bahamensis --.- - 191 OCKUM A ety set eee eee Sacre eee 315 CXISU Alea eer 171 ONESCAM ee see = sence ee eee aes 312 | perpallida . .... 172 Palm see se keee scseate ce esos: 316 | Conchologist, Thomas Martyn and the D&LOD Risa ee tate «seis elaine 302 Universal, by William Healey Dall.---- 415 DASUCR ears oo aie = lacie Sates SOO Ie C OD US Era cere tapestry ee tee ate eee ores oes 427 POULOVMN A pase sain seein eisai) staal 303 al PC OLTE DIAS = a) ste tee eisteis oe ate eta ceisie stale aioe: 193 DUtHIC ae sein ce nce ect e oes an 312 ODSCLInS REE as een setae cmos 193 MONESCA sae saeco nee emer eee elses 313 | Correbidia calopteridia...........-......- 502 NOXAN Geos cee casera eaee area e ee SOOR i COSMOSOM daeeeenee eee eee Se se ree 186 TROT AINGEDY .osecceceanscesacesanee 306 : CHET Nee ee ee ae 536 FUNG ala Sees sere sateen 304 var. Bolivarensis. - 536 Sa land riders eens eee 380 PeMM a beeen eee 535 SOMIUPAiseroisscgee eee emis ces occas ees 302 var. xanthocera. - 535 Ses cobppoecensncoc combeoSeeeaee 305 Sn SO Teese eee 534 BW oS ca cooceseceeSeesboesooeuor 313 MiSTICOMMIS saeee eee eee es 535 balm Bie opie eee eie do oe eaeeelscismns 310 | teu chra stesso eee 536 Camila aoe ete ee Soe serie 306 UVM 5 Soe cesescccosece 186 empl One mea see eee ae meet 312 RC OSSIC $B Naan o5 32 eee so aac oe Sse eee 177, 339 (CEGESIN Bisse = opis oreiercrerae siete slesis sete S0om MCOSSIIL A= a Naan Soh bee ee oes eee ce mae 340, 344 COLAIPUNGEMe cee eee ici i- = 311 IMA ON Aire foci ee ee aes eee 344 tremula Aes se emacs sense raters aa 315 14X09 2b: Cae See eS meee 344 WALI oe cial sso cee foe aw iwecicicocine 303)s RC OSSUSHs 423.5, cae mca cemeeee thee ne eciacet a 340 WEG: = 5 Se debcbosececonpacescnose 304 LAO INS sooo gaekeceuesesoceadsec 178 VATLOUE AWA rete yee ate = esac aeteies 308 UNG OSUS seeker asec seresieeeeces 178 WICMERSI ee oer ciecl-mceionseoses cee 302 | Cratichneumon manile............------- 113 Classification of the American Siphonap- Grentlabruse ter en cas cee oe ioe a 481 itera, by Carli BB akeris cee ssn ee eee 121 | Cretaceous Formation of North America, OID URES AR Se oopeeseenebe Seseeaseeacrs 431 A New Blattoid from the, by Anton hercules c 2.<-es----ees- 2 ose eee Dinhinus.f=.- ace eee cee neeee arse WL) OLENA EBs Sos ceiets Sarde eis eeje oe et ee eee Dolerus... 583,585, 586, 589, 593, 595, 597, 599, Doryichthys. ..-...- ieee ncecse seeee eee : DOS] Be eee eee sce SSnosc Aula lismeasseeee eee eee Dove, A New Subspecies of Ground, from Mona Island, Porto Rico, by J. H. Riley. DYTACONIBS suc. cc cose cos soseceecos eo eesoae basipleta IDTYINUS brOWMI==2ees-aeeee eae aaee eee eae stantoni Dyar, Harrison G., A List of American Cochlidian Moths, with Descriptions of New Genera and Dpeclesmececcecsceen INDEX. Page. | Page. 331 | Dyar, Harrison G., New Genera of South 176 American Moths... 173 17633) |MIDYaslae. sos sock heen ae Ao = eee eee 231 Vivianaee. scccsses soe eee eee 232 A * | APSO GS yao, ry at nn ee 276 242 | GONSODTING ss254-o-0- eee ee 276 242 GOliesita eas foo. eee eee 276 fraghlisre 22sec eee e eon ene 277 POrMANAs <2. sate 2se eee eee 277 553 Ochreaita sacs sosce sete eee eee 276 594, 641 pulvereae. = fase ee sacs cee eer ee 277 , 278 |) (Dysdemoniasis 440) sense eee ee ee 180 lemowltiz:f2scosoee eee 180 AAD | aCles: sto 5 asses eee eecice e e e ee 180 . EXO bN ere oaseceeoons success scdobsec 182 | bammesin >. e22 22cao eee eee 181 359 Pulanensis sso kes eee 180 MAPTINCA Rs se eee ee eee 181 179 penelope: 22256 Ase eee eee 181 Earwigs, Notes on Exotic Forficulids or, with Descriptions of New Species, by 501 JiamescAn Gente se ee ene ee eee eee 501 Behinochamas--nee-eseee cence eee eee 427 443% MG CDOSS8 on = ati: Ce aa neh ee ee Eee 335 222 CireniImcCine laa ee eee Eee 335 222 langucista 322 = 2o 5 eee 336 397 MePAlODY Lie sean eee eee 336 205 | Egg of the Pipefish, Siphostoma Floride, 205 | The Breeding Habits and the Segmenta- 247. —s tion of the, by Eugene Willis Gudger. ... 447 2489) EY a S111 O as O Hel See es ee 397, 405 247 | cephalotesse= seas Bee 406 2 IE eOLTISKD alia mets: eee ae eer 517, 526 ZETA Ham tiSleene sere eee ee See eee 234 360, 392 attenuata.-2> 22, nce sec cee 234 393 PULPUTASCEN Shee te eee 234 203s BEY SiUS ee secret ae aoe eee eee nae 223 393 | modesta.222.ssc5.eecceseee cence 364 603, 637 | phantasma ace. os. seee sees 223 462") Wmphy tine ao seeeee eee ee oer eee 628, 630 099) 6345) ei mipihytusesseeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eae 593, 595, 597, 630 628/634. | Sbimpretia stimules==s=ses- sess eee eee 364 198°) Bneyrtidtst. 2. 2 -< ste o-nrcoceesete eee see 402 198 | Engano, On Some Bats of the Genus 521 | Rhinolophus, collected by Dr. W. L. Ab- 545 bott in the Islands of Nias and, by Knud 402 ANGerSOn a: b22.2.52 asso seem eee eee nee 657 402. || “ngraulidse: 4. o-aaseeceeeee eee eee sees 517 402) |) Hintodectai 2.23. sasccrcee oa soss sem esees 636 628,631 | Epanycles impialis............-.2.....-.- 547 6035631) | Mpectapterdaa.-ss-os- 2 sso -2> eae eee 194 449 | discalis: 22255: 5 ee eee 194 449 UUMPTesceRSa-- == eae eee 194 A49: |) Wpicleas..-.s2scsceass <2 eee eee ee 359, 372 |) 2 Se SOROS Sa nee aos 373, 377 WI |) E!pinephelus merrar 22-222 -222s2---=-e= 354 349))\) EYpIDClOla- ss enee nee ese Ree eee eee 360, 382 349 albimarginata se. -ssesss-5-2e— 383 109 Onucelcs 5.0 Cee eee 382, 386 110 lagoaphila)..s.sas0--5se ses ene 382 peluda - =. 223255 S253 ssans ese . 383 PerOmMataeee eee eee 383 SOMDIa sons se oer see ee eeeenes 383 pipincenia=eeeese esses eee ee eee eee 333 359 UMbrWiferaa- esse as sees 333 INDEX. 827 Page. Page. ID} SRN OOS ogo csnooeos nous eooeecouRSasodoS 360,361 | Euphobetron natadoides..........-.-..-- 388 AULOIMACTIIA IE eee ea eens Shien) WUpoeyanj aml aCeusisi. sa seee ce ~ =< = === 390 INCEN SAS ee hia a-e ae coors 361 MOL ViL See eee ere eee ete stocntte 389 RIDIMIGeS ti oe cere enor ee 361 SLOSSONIE. eee site ceca see esis ee 389 IDOI Bie ao < oor spegenoas so sner sansa abode 175,205 | Euproctis argentiflua......--.-.-.------- 389 TOVICLSA Re eee ee eee oat 175, 205 a@rPy GOREN Och 6 -scsc----e- as == 389 TOON ARIS WEEN Eke come eo ececoonecsseneosss 109 LUMOSA ae oes oe soe ae eee = 389 IDNR Pes oo son ceosn es sso ne easepaessascsoe 237 JON FV OES he Aree ode or ooeEeEose 389 DGCLAS Serene seats sis se Seciee See O37 PIP EOSLCLNY eee e ee eee ee ccnises aaa 360, 376 IND eae cai Sacha duanssue Ss elsop aasoaeSSesEss 582,615 SROCUSIS esate =-Caeee eeee 376, 377 IDSA) OS cies Sen oop pose See aese 583, 593, 596, 630 GIGS a0 ais Sep Re Aae eS 373, 377, 378 BPIOCAMIPOId Sas ss see eae eee ee 595, 632 TACIPCS-e -eeee ee eae -Cxc 377 TDR DUE na soceapoues coosee cb oouScenaEe 212 pernambuconis...-.....--.-. 377 bacchans*eecrw <- se sere 212 COUN Clea6 keboreocsmepSeas 377 UCL CONE ere ee ates eee eee 191 UTD Sievers seein eles ieaeiarcre 376 CLAN ANS a oe So oeeocoseEsoos OEE RELA SCUGd OSOIMN Beem eee cease ees eee ta 211 HaviGine alee eee eee eee an = 192 aberranss.ccsec see iss = 211 lem OUlitimeee crates =e eee aia 192 ey OI oo oogeSosseone ces 211 MerULOIdES were eee serie 1927)|| MER eNO t1d dey serrate ree = ee er 295 DOC Whe ps ake ded ceooeee ods aoe eeeEeSseaaeas BOOsSOOi | MeGs UIy Cl ATL eyete tore staat ele aera 405 SPIN ae oo econ aa se eee ses 367 BCOCKI meet soa See fees 405 Dab an G dees eee eet eee aia 369 Sal SSO ticles cee eee eer 405 bIGISCalisteeee epee nesses eee ae ZOO PUG GanVallOlani Se. sees eens nee 388 (ORNS ease scnnsase Gone sdeoducee Bias | ODES ao en So one Sone senueesese 586, 612, 635 Chinl Quensi Seem seesee ae eee se t= BYA0) |}) TOYA bEeary OLD AGC sea ce Soma as oper seenecste 175, 205 GiplOReeee eee eee eee 367 SPeClOSA eas meee een cee ee 175, 205 CLD DU Seen nee eee eer epee eras SY’) || Jona Rie Sabah pease soos asc odos soecgscecee 213 @O)SNG- 6.93 sor sbomcdbenonscaresoeces 368 a DISGHD Utes ae eee eee beeeeeaess 213 CUS POSUGIS deere irc ear aae= 368 | Exotic Forficulids or Earwigs, Notes on, Gelp hime eres teste ar rea 367 with Descriptions of New Species, by Getenminetaee eee seeete-neere 370 DatmestAs Grew Eve hia ea potas cleloyetsie aterm leiw tole 501 GEO Ol s=.oean So ccaeebonoanasecooud Stay’. || dog eT ae aoe sod sosedeescossussoadouae 242 UViCTSAise es cies iaietenisis rae eteteteiaa eros 268 PPA PIISM eee ee eee eee eee 243 MOliGdern (see sce ee eee eme ners 370 MIE ANNE os aeoeeaeoogsGcases 242 Gloag AeA Acoeesooncnuceaoeecas 369 | Faunas of China, Cambrian, by Charles Ine Nae), Sono acne saadae acaccoaccs 365 DeAVWalcOttwacencscronsceesces -easeeeer 1 TLC COGN Vem eers eee eee cmereser Stats} «() INGORE S eo eS ockeees dona cescenceedossncsue 635 TMT PMS =e eye ne a: eve ope rae sees Ray |) Wahab kaso een Becaaos aeouncooues 629, 635 SEY SLI Ses ee et es fat = Perey ne eee SOM |e HiCUS DELeLOpDiyIla sty epee eee atare == = 401 TMANINA = 25535 2. kGk eee aes e aeeee Bah |) THEI S eo nndenmsende ne wocteesesoeoee 112 LOGI Deeps es ele ale tere ane 368 | Fishes, A List of, collected in Tahiti by WallicolOoneesss cee = ese eee 368 Mr. Henry P. Bowie, by David [SINC ecadee can coedeacacsec 368 Starr Jordan and John Otter- plUPIN ae sae oe .ce oo eee erick oe 369 lM MOOK Hae ac ioeecae Ha Sseesoos 353 PUNCtAtAe es ee eee cesta eee 389 | Fishes, List of, collected in 1882-83 by TU tine ages) sae cieecee seen = |e 371 Pierre Louis Jouy at Shanghai UND Ae eee ence sence se ermne 376 and Hongkong, China, by David WInIGOSTISGHsmas.- ce sc-coeoeee eee 367 Starr Jordan and Alvin Seale... . 517 PEN) ST) Mey epee Neato pet te ex oman osolaecwrevaieie On MIST aise Stat KS leeera|s aero ere eer seer ae 517,520 MUG OCH eseereereceeesee ere oem cece LO Sia mist anild ses secre ces seeeeeee ese se oi 520 Nya ie oes aye eens SIReeeeee 198 | Five New Species of Mexican Plants, by Busiving MU Gan aes eee eee see aes sacar URS Fe Blo Wis AROS o cocdecaingecaassorbesoseedse 437 Hulimacodes distineta.---....22-.5.--.-.. 373. Floride, the Breeding Habits and the MOSChICKiasee es eeeee eee eee 373 Segmentation of the Egg of the Pipe“sh, Eulophide..--..-. Bh eee see Se ee 113 Siphostoma, by Eugene Willis Gudger. 447 um aschanes <2: 35252 222s smstsn sete seme 241 | Fluvidraco fulvidraco.......-....-------- 519 [Dib neem oebpe Saecesosccgde PAI SROrcipigerlonmirOStliSie a.) ==. eso. == 356 Eumenogaster hemacera........---.----- ENG It To eiteb line Go out ooonas sBCnoReenASsepaceines 513 notabilis var. caurensis. - - 546 | AMUTCNSISSsac see ese ee Stowe 503 TD ohopIthy Che eeUee eS saaemeeeooeseGsoosoadobe 372 avTachidliss.25..5-s20-=- so elonee 513 Mee aSOMOles eee ees eeee 363 MUIMICUIATIAI sas e)e cee ss ee ere 513 MU pPMODE TRON yseecs oes oan ecicte clean ares 360, 387 ery throcephalaea messes 513 AQWUAPCMNISE ee eee ee a 387 KOONCE Sogo secsedsesneeoace 506 Cupreltincta--sse===4- see 387 INGITUGUIMNE cece om seta cls ie lsr=iaioes 506 WAOO NN ca gadinesscn5cnsosGuS 388 PHO HY Coon dsorospeonceuscuassoehc 502 828 INDEX. Page Page Forficula sch wanrzissceeeeeeeesees seat eee 513/"|)) Giymmn eliipees sa asceeetee a aoe eee eee 184 For“culids or Earwigs, Notes on, with TATSiPUNCtAee eee seen see eseee 184 Descriptions of New Species, by James Habits, The Breeding, and the Segmenta- PAT GLU Gl Micerens seen one em C eR see cet 501 tion of the Egg of the Pipefish, Siphos- Formation of North America, A New toma Floridie, by Eugene Willis Gudger. 447 Blattoid from the Creta- HMaliotis csc. 5Sshes cesses estes cecee tne 427, 428 ceous, by Anton Hand- ITS i .c\sese Soe ek coals Lh seseeeroe ce 431 hins@h << Sten foes See eee 655 ML V.OSE, Jar. 2 aoe) eee aoe eee areas 431 Formicide. -. -- ~ SoBe cobs oee ae ee eae 110 pUlChErrMmM Asse] eee eee eee 431 Fossil Raccoon from a California Pleis- Malisid otal sass aceee Sse ec eae eee 223 tocene Cave Deposit, by James Wil- apicepunctata:...+--.--.-2 s2.- 224 lidimssGidley <2... joaSecos-sen eee ose ene 553 Ma@roniensiseeeese se see eee 223 Muleoridess4--ess-— So nee se Seo - eee 110 TACEMAG on wens Se tenaaiceee joes 223 ISUSUS:.. 2 sooo kice a ey. Sacco 426 texte 0-3 ee aha eee 224 COlUSH as. Sotelo eee eee 430 | Handlirsch, Anton, A New Blattoid from COTCUIMA 2. eo5a-0esasciee secre eee 480, the Cretaceous Gadus ae eonseicies ese see tener aereeeee 474 Formation of North GaleSUSiaatisck anemia = Sasmee eee eee ease 397 INGEN Na aaoosessc 655 Manileey.<, 532.4452 ase esc ecient ce 397 Revision of American Gasterosteus! 22.7. 3:ceeac eee eater eee 470 Paleozoic Insects. . - 661 Gastenip tions serene sees eee eee cece 6200 |) Hapigial ..jcee coe saetie suse accee cies See 291 Genera, New, and Species of Hymenop- accipter 2.25.<2)-<.--e Seno eee 292 tera from the Philippines, by annulate i: coos ete eee 292 William H. Ashmead-....--...- 397 GYMATA Sooo scccasee ase ee eee 292 Genera, New, of South America Moths, Paldensec ise ee eee 292 by Harrison G. Dyar.........- 173 NOdICOIMIS se- sees ee eeeeeeee 292 Genus Phrynosoma, A New Lizard of the, NOths seasons see eee eee eee 292 from Mexico, by Leonhard Stejneger-- - 565 mepand ens sera. eeeee cena neces 291 Genus Rhinolophus, On Some Bats of the, smerinthoides=22-2.--.--eessces 292 collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Is- Hatperidi sccncessata see eee eeeeceenene 441 lands of Nias and Engano, by Knud NOOSA *./As- wees eee ee nee 441 (ATA OLSONS ace eee een eee et eee ee Go, | ME ArpiphOnusieesese sees ceeeeee see ee oes ", 585, 630 Georgia, Two New Umbelliferous Plants Helix: (22 eect nce semee cee epee eee 427, 428 from the Coastal Plain of, by J. N. Rose. 441 aNGuiS i J.chis ecco eeu ace oor 431 Gidley, James Williams, A Fossil Raccoon Crenata: occecedesks coe ease ee eee 431 from a California Pleistocene Cave De- porphyvites< .cs.ccceee sce acess 431 POSIG2 cose Su soe aee ace coee eee oe Seece 553 smMaragdus = 2..2 252 -easere ese 431 Ginaldiax-aeieeeoestcse cee soe acne. See 282 WMIMOPssee-oas eee 431 dawidsonin 22s gacac Se ese nee 282 Stamin Ga. . as.cscecseseoensce eee 431 GiVAT 8 oe hor oboe wes ee eee eee 339; 342: || (Hieluira so 5-2 ac ceeseeeiceemaacee cose a eeoe 191 poly biocides: 2o-ssesoee soso eee eee 178 Golens'. 22. iwc sege sew ence se sesere 191 triplex Nasa ac ose sss o eeite neers 342 UM PIRIMNAC ul anes eee eeee ee 191 Glaucostolad si2sas- eres ete eee eee en re eee 221 || Hemicerasi:-s2.3 5 assecere ee eeee eee 283 bine tata. -e Ssaeeeescetee csee 221 anguliness-casssems seeeeeeeces 285 Mavida 2.25042 gestskesenees 221 Deata =22e jateec scene tescemeae 284 metaxanthaseseeseseee ee cee 221 bilines: 5... ac8k cAteseemespeetsne 287 Giyptomorphaseeess-sse-e eee eee eee 412, 413 CaYeCUMENSIS === cemaceceee secre 287 Gopilichthysmmicrolepisssss-se---seeee see 528 COMMENT Cae sses= ose eee 285 Gobiidee ss eee ua eee cece eee eoeee eee 526 GONSpiratars ec oo seec sect 289 GOISt Seo a atocoe Foe rather cee eerste 177, 338 Grassaeeeas- te a ecita cae eee 285, MIOTESCENG: SS hwes onsen ceeeeee 177,338 i: \ 47 eae eee Se Ve 286 GOnIarChB es Soc esa eee cose esau eoseeeeee 411 flavescens: ..25.a.cseeteeoeeee 287 malay ensisao.-scs-s-ss5e-2- 55 411 FOLbyNoidese-seeeas eee eeeeeee 284 Gonolabiss: 2522. 52cG aces sees. ose eee ees 506 indigna, =: 2.252. 22 easenseecere 283 lativentriss-cac se = asec eee 506 JOjUN a cecee eee cee ease eters 283 Goplias.se-22 Gain eee eter cece at seco eee 245 lauren tina eee se ene 288 albipunetas.- 22h eee eee eee 245 leucospila s.-225 S222 eee 287 NIV CiSUbtAals < sercre ores see see eee 245 leVaMN aes ee twsswectseomence 289 Ground Dove, A New Subspecies of, from lonpipennise=. sa--eeeeee ee eeee 286 Mona Island, Porto Rico, by J. H. MATOTA: sce seit: eee ieee 288 RVC iars. cc iavs aisicierw cin s.caiehe waive ce sis sre steele 171 Maronite. ccesccecescouesc cess 286 Group, The Monkeys of the Macaca Ne- metallescensasseeecseceecieee 289 mestrina, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr-...... 555 MICANSE So eesclon does eeee eee 289 Gudger, Eugene Willis, The Breeding MIUSCOSH: Hesse ante wee eee 290 Habits and the Segmentation of the Egg Ne bulosae-een sch ea. eee 290 of the Pipefish, Siphostoma Floride.... 447 | nigriplagare.... -seccecsseses 290 INDEX. 829 Page. Page Hemicerasipallidula) soe. ees eee VANE: He ESR ESE ys ES O00) me MinteT Ce pha seessees ese ee Mexican Plants, Five New Species of, by | OB@UTS = An tit ae soe ee eee Jie NedROS¢ = 23. a Tee: . ‘ ‘ J ia ¥ ‘ x . ‘ é > « ; z . ‘ * - “ wi [ 9088 01003 7547 \ - _-.