SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 44 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFIOE 1913 ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two series—Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to libraries and scientific establishments, and, in view of the importance of the more prompt dissemination of new facts, a limited edition of each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of the volume. The present volume is the forty-fourth of this series. The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of more elaborate papers, issued separately, and, like the Proceedings, based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the “Special Bulletin,” has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed indispensable. Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as ‘Contributions from the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the botan- ical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. ° RicHarD RATHBUN, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, In charge of the United States National Museum. JUNE 16, 1913. II TABLE OF CONTENTS. ALEXANDER, CHARLES P. A revision of the South Ameri- can dipterous insects of the family Ptychopteride.—No. Pune PE OORUAEV, 20. 0Ole to Se ese eed ag New species: Tanyderus patagonicus. A synopsis of part of the neotropical crane-flies of the subfamily Limnobine.—No. 1966. April 30, 19131__- New species: Lecteria obliterata, L. matto-grossx, Mongoma disjuncta, M. niveitarsis, M. extensa, M. longifusa, Gonomyia (Leiponeura) puer, G. (Gonomyia) delicata, G. (G.) unicolor, Sacandaga parva, Cryptolabis tropicalis, Molophilus thaumastopodus, M. guatema- lensis, Erioptera (Mesocyphona) splendida, EF. (M.) knabi, E. (M.) eisent, EL. (M.) costalis, E. (M.) immaculata, E. (M.) bicinctipes, Gnophomyia magnifica, G. subhyalina, G. hirsuta, Polymera pleu- ralis, P. conjuncta, P. superba, P. nivettarsis, P. thoracica, P. inor- nata, P. grisea, Epiphragma imitans, E. pupillata, E. buscki, Lim- nophila epiphragmoides, L. nacrea, L. lentoides, L. guttulatissima. New subspecies: Hrioptera (Mesocyphona) parva, var. brasiliensis, E. (M.) caloptera femoranigra, E. nigrolineata, var. pubescens. New name: Eptphragma fabricii. BiceLtow, Henry B. Meduse and Siphonophore collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer ‘‘Albatross”’ in the north- western Pacific, 1906.—No. 1946. March 26, 1913!___- New genera: Meator, Halistaura. New species: Meator rubatra, Pandea rubra, Calycopsis nemato- phora, Tima saghalinensis, Crossota alba, C. pedunculata. New variety: Catablema vesicaria, var. nodulosa. New subfamily: Clausophyine. Bruner, LAWRENCE. Results of the Yale Peruvian expe- dition of 1911. Orthoptera (Acridiid-short-horned locusts).—No. 1949. February 11, 19131 New genera: Cumainocloidus, Urubamba. New species: Cephalocoema vittata, Meloscirtus montanus, Cumaino- cloidus cordillere, Urubamba aptera, U. inconspicua, Paradichroplus andeanus. New variety: Dichroplus peruvianus auriventris. Page. 331-335 481-549 ii L7i—-137 1 Date of publication, Il EV: TABLE OF CONTENTS. CaupELL, A. N. Results of the Yale Peruvian expedition of 1911. Orthoptera (exclusive of Acridiids).—No. 1956. February 20/10134) . oo 22. hee eee eee New species: Chorisoneura peruana, Ischnoptera pampaconas, Blattella stylata, Blatta tincochaca, Autolyca transversata, Nannotettix paltay- bamba, N. peruvianus, Anaulacomera maculicornis, Anurogryllus JSuscus. . Notes on nearctic orthopterous insects. I. Non- saltatorial forms.—No. 1970. April 18, 1913?_______-- New species: Manomera orthostylus. CockEeRELL, T. D. A. Some fossil insects from Florissant, Colorado.—No. 1955. April 30; 19134 22 4. eee ees New genus: Hobruneria. New species: Hobruneria tessellata, Libellulapis wilmatiz, Janus dis- perditus. CusHMAN, JosepH A. New Textularide and other arenace- ous foraminifera from the Philippine Islands and contig- uous waters.—No. 1973. April 30,1913 1.___-.-.-_-_-- New species: Textularia vertebralis, T. immensa, T. excavata, T. sem- ialata, Bolivina sculpturata, Clavulina rotundata, C. primxva, Gau- dryina attenuata, G. robusta, Virgulina cornuta, Thurammina pa- pyracea, Reophax agglutinatus, Ammochilostoma rotundata. Dyar, Harrison G. Descriptions of new lepidoptera chiefly from Mexico.—No. 1951. February 11, 19131 _______-- New genera: Epimolis, Hypenopsis. Calomathetes, Edia, Paranatula, Ballovia. 7 New species: Phyciodes natalces, Thespieus cacajo, T. zaovinia, Amblyscirtes tutolia, Staphylus holaphegges, Argopteron dividuum, Megathymus rethon, Hylesia iola, H. coinopus, Sisphynx modena, Eurota descintes, Ptychoglene stenodora, Euchaetias cressida, LE. rhadia, E. epagoga, Calidota calosoma, Ammalo tenerosa, Amastus edaphus, Epimolis zatrephica, Pericopis zeladon, Lygranthoecia amblys, Miselia transvitta, M. caloscotina, Hyssia pseudochroma, Cirphis striguscula, Hadena lithaphania, Eriopyga loliopopa, £. cracerdota, E.. vesquesa, E. oache, E. ultimella, E. dolia, E. enages, Momaphana sylvia, M. annadora, Baileya restitans, Bagisara oula, B. demura, B. xan, Perigea sutrix, P. pyromphalus, Hydroecia arnymai, Nocloa periodita, Chalcopasta chalcocraspedon, Tarachidia heonyx, Eustrotia pulmona, Diastema panteles, Eutelia amatriz, Celiptera surrufula, Zale rhigodora, Campometra distilla, Mati- gramma psegmapteryx, Prothymia cataplexis, Pleonectyptera ignil- inea, Pangrapta alopopis, P. herbitecta, Glympis phoenicimon, Dasylophia rufitincta, Calomathetes halmaphylla, Psilocron aphre- thesa, Farigia malomen, Oenotrus melanodora, O. bipennis, Hydrio- mene potosiata, H. grettaria, Catoclothis gymnopomparia, Cambogia agroica, C. operbula, C. saria, Tephroclystia glaucotincta, T. molliaria, Meleaba urania, M. antithetes, Tachyphyle aganapla, Page. 347-357 595-614 341-346 633-638 279-324 1 Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Dyar, Harrison G.—Continued. Anisodes poliotaria, Cenocharis ouden, Sciagraphia deceptrix, Semi- othisa phanerophleps, Physostegania melanorrhea, Deilinia graciosa, Digonodes maidiena, Selenia ismalida, S. ricochetta, Hygrochroma hyalopuncta, Tephrinopsis coniaria, Diastictis lamitaria, Anisodes mesoturbata, Phigalia cryptapheles, Cenocalpe sistenata, Apicia entychon, Stenacidalia unidentifera, Tephrosia supplanaria, Mesoscia dumilla, M. eutecta, Gingla raconica, Lacosoma medalla, L. julietta, Meskea horror, M. subapicula, Dysodia monava, Phlyctenodes cupreicostalis, Nomophila irregulalis, Pyrausta minimistricta, P. zanthocrypta, Crocidolomia ochritacta, Polygrammodes bexuscalis, Edia microstagma, Doratoperas systrapegus, Tioga bunniotis, Paranatula zographica, Melitara parabates, Euzophera griselda, E. immorella, Ballovia cistipennis, Givira gabriel, G. felicoma, Arbela naida. New subspecies: Thespieus dalmani guerreronis. Descriptions of new species of Saturnian moths in the collection of the United States National Museum.—No. 1947, SMebristy 20) VOSA eh ee ere od Je A a New species: Hylesia gyrex, H. mymex, H. tapabex, H. ochrifex, H. index, H. pollex, H, valvex, H. murex, H. ascodex, H. leilex, H. murmur, H. oratex, H. coéx, H. rex, H. orbifex, H. remex, H. livex, H. liturex, H. molpex, H. mortifex, H lolamex, H. schausi, H. pauper, H. mystica, H. athlia, H. cedomnibus, H. vinden, H. solvex, H. cressida, H. ewphemia. GEROULD, JonN Hiram. The sipunculids of the eastern coast of North America.—No. 1959. April 12, 1913 +____ New genus: Siphonosoma. New species: Phascolosoma cinereum, P. cinctum, Physcosoma capi- tatum, Aspidosiphon parvulus, A. speciosus. New varieties: Phascolosoma margaritaceum var. meridionalis, P. ere- mita var. scabra, Phascolion strombi var. fusca, P. s. var. alba, P. s. var. hyalina, P. s. var. gracilis, P. s. var. canadensis, P. s. var. levis, Sipunculus priapuloides var. americana. GipLry, James W. A recently mounted zeuglodon skele- ton in the United States National Museum.—No. 1975. UTD SO UL Mey ed tle ae ey Ne EE ay on aa GitBerT, CuarLtes H. Descriptions of two new fishes of the genus Triglops from the Atlantic coast of North America:—No. 1963: “April’30, 19134... _-.._-.-..--- New species: Triglops ommatistius. New subspecies: Triglops ommatistius terrenove. Hay, Ottver P. Notes on some fossil horses, with de- scriptions of four new species.—No. 1969. April 30, 11a ese 0 eS Soh Pa tae PARED Saeed 5 SA ae RR lo ee ea New species: Equus leidyi, E. littoralis, E. niobrarensis, E. laurentius. 1 Date of publication. Page. 121-134 373-437 649-654 465-468 569-594 VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. ‘ ; Page. HouuisteR, N. A synopsis of the American minks.— No. 1966,,.. April 18, 20184..0 4.4) 02. dt eA ee New subspecies: Mustela vison letifera. JoRDAN, Davip Srarr. Description of Anguilla manabei, a new eel from Japan.—No. 1957. April 3, 19131__.._. 359-360 New species: Anguilla manabei. Mauuocnu, J. R. Descriptions of new species of American flies of the family Borboridee.—No. 1958. February 20, DON ote ea eo mk cls Ss eee ee, ee New species: Aptilotus borealis, Sphzxrocera annulicornis, Borborus neglectus, B. brevisetus, B. lacteipennis, B. articus, Limosina lugu- brina, L. rotundipennis, L. niveipennis, L. parva. Notes on some American diptera of the genus Fannia, with descriptions of new species.—No. 1972. April:-30; W913i vole YL e ac ait Be Lee eS eee ern New species: Fannia conspicua, F. benjamini, F. howardi, F. mor- risoni, F. xthiops. Two new species of diptera in the United States National Museum collection.—No. 1962. February 20, TOV Be RN Ey eas ee New species: Fannia tibialis, Limosina trochanteratus. McMvrrion, J. PLayrair. Description of a new species of actinian of the genus Edwardsiella from southern Cali- fornia.—No. 1967. “April 18, 1913 %.-. 22-02 30 32 onl sae New species: Edwardsiella californica. Merritt, GEORGE P. A newly found meteorite from near Cullison, Pratt County, Kansas.—No. 1952. April 12, 1913 8 ee ee ea xe i Ore ee ee tes le een RavcuirFre£, Lewis. Descriptions of seven new genera and thirty-one new species of fishes of the families Brotulide and Carapide from the Philippine Islands and the Dutch East Indies.—No. 1948. April 3, 19131?_._......-.-.-- 185-176 New genera: Homostolus, Enchelybrotula, Mastigopterus, Hypopleu- ron, Luciobrotula, Xenobythites, Pyramodon. New species: Neobythites longipes, N. (watasea) unimaculatus, N. (w.) purus, N. (w.) fasciatus, Dicrolene longimana, D. tristis, Homo- stolus acer, Monomitopus pallidus, M. longiceps, M. microlepis, Monomeropus garmani, Barathrodemus nasutus, Bassogigas xqua- toris, Enchelybrotula paucidens, Eretmichthys remifer, Bassozetus robustus, B. elongatus, Mastigopterus imperator, M. prxtor, Glypto- phidium lucidum, G. oceanitum, Lamprogrammus macropterus, Hypopleuron caninum, Diplacanthopoma (Sarcocara) brunnea, Grammonus robustus, Catzetyx platycephalus, Luciobrotula bartscht, Bythites lepidogenys, Xenobythites armiger, Hephthocara crassiceps, Pyramodon ventralis. EO CONES Lee LAO eas ee lee As 1 Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Ratusun, Mary J. Descriptions of new species of crabs of the family Ocypodidee.—No. 1971. April 30, 1913 1____- New species: Uca zamboangana, U. mearnsi, U. noveguinex, Mac- rophthalmus crinitus. RicHaRDsoN, Harriet. Terrestrial isopods collected in Costa Rica by Mr. Picado, with the description of a new genus and species.—No. 1954. February 20, 19131___.-- New genus: Pentoniscus. New species: Pentoniscus pruinosus. Rouwer, S.A. Results of the Yale Peruvian expedition of 1911.—Hymenoptera, superfamilies Vespoidea and Sphe- coidea.—No. 1960. February 20, 1913'__._-.--------- Newspecies: Cryptocheilus peruvianus, Psammochares (Psammochares) dichromorpha, Arachnophroctonus xanthopterus, Ceropales basirufus, Chrysys (Tetrachrysis) rugosa, Hypodynerus nigricornis, Odynerus (Stenodynerus) hirsutulus, Pseudelaphroptera (?) maura, Campso- meris (Campsomeris) similaris, Sphaerophthalma salaverensis, S. peruvianus, Callosphex erythrogastra, Isodontia bipunctata, Sphex (Sphex) peruvianus. SnyDER, JOHN OTTERBEIN. Notes on Ranzania makua Jenkins and other species of fishes of rare occurrence on the California coast.—No. 1961. April 12, 19131_____- Virreck, H. L. Descriptions of six new genera and twelve new species of Ichneumon-flies—No.1974. April 18,1913*. New genera: Amyosoma, Arichelonus, Diachasmimorpha, Shirakia, Eripternimorpha, Zaparaphylaz. Newspecies: Asobara orientalis, Amyosoma chilonis, Diachasmimor pha comperei, Habrobracon mali, Microbracon hispex, Apanteles (Pro- tapanteles) formose, A. (P.) narange, Shirakia scheenobii, A. (Stenopleura) nonagrix, A. (S.) simplicis, Eripternimorpha schoe- nobui, Zaparaphylax perine. Descriptions of ten new genera and twenty-three new species of Ichneumon-flies.—No.1968. April18,19131- New genera: Celinidea, Ericelinius, Atanycolimor pha, Coeloidimor pha, Hysterobolus, Christolimorpha, Diapetimorpha, Ethemorpha, Meso- stenimorpha, Orthocryptus. New subgenera: Hrophilopsis, Myrmicomorpha. New species: Bassus (rophilopsis) erythrogaster, Macrocentrus (Aimi- croplus) plesius, Apanteles (Apanteles) laspeyresix, A. (A.) phy- codis, A. (A.) plusix, Atanycolimorpha winnemanex, Chelonus (Chelonella) bussyi, Crassomicrodus fenestratus, Euagathis crypto- phlebix, Hysterobolus mallochi, Meteorus laphygmex, Perilitus eleodis, Apanteles (Protapanteles) empretix, A. (P.) mayaguezensis, Opius ( Utetes) anastrephe, Eiphosoma (Brachixiphosoma) insularis, Christolimor pha plesius, Enicosphilus heliothidis, Itoplectis evetriz, Mesochorus plusixphilus, Pezomachus (Myrmicomorpha) perniciosa, Neotheronia winnemanx, Phygadeuon (Plesignathus) epochre. VII Page. 615-620 307-340 439-454 455-460 639-648 555-568 1 Date of publication. VEEL TABLE OF CONTENTS. Vrereck, H. L. Results of the Yale Peruvian expedition of ANG 1911. Hymenoptera-Ichneumonoidea.—No. 1964. Feb- puary 2011918 9. visu fi Vecumeus 1 qpemenee eae ee aeee e New species: Anisitsia tincochace, Cylloceria tincochace, Trachysphyrus cleonis. Witson, Cuarces Brancw. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes and land crabs, with descriptions of new genera and species.—No. 1950. April 3, 1913 *..-...---. 189-277 New genera: Dentigryps, Sagum, Cancrincola. New species: Ergasilus longipalpus, E. myctarothes, Bomolochus nothrus, B. attenuatus, Artacolax palleucus, Pseudoeucanthus uni- seriatus, Txeniacanthus flagellans, Caligus atromaculatus, C. afurca- tus, C. enormis, C. suffuscus, Dentigryps curtus, Anuretes parvulus, Paralebion curticaudis, Lernanthropus frondeus, L. obscurus; L. spiculatus, Sagum flagellatum, Nemesis versicolor, Hatschekia albiru- bra, H. oblonga, H. uncata, H. insolita, H. linearis, H. iridescens, Lernxolophus recurvus, L. striatus, Thysanote longimana, Clavella inversa, Brachiella concava, Cancrincola jamaicensis, Cypridina parasitica. 1 Date of publication. Disk OF Thos RATIONS. PLATES. Facing page. PTT NGPASA REA t. 2. soar. 8 en SSeS hae dhs a els US VN ae ciersnd 120 PMEUHOMNIGGIISSSS 85 208 ten asia. ig eees s bam a ee amen Ih Ms oo 2 120 Anthomedusw and Trachomeduse.....:02). 6.22 62 oes eh ee ieee 120 Trachomedusse and. Scyphomeduse'.. 2. 520) 40. 020 es eed ee ees 120 = ecyphomedua: and. Siphonophorm 22.2). 2/2... oes. ee oe eh be eee 120 set crcl aTey 1010) 210) rs eae ee oP SE a 2a Ca ae 120 1. Neobythites longipes; 2. N. (Watasea) unimaculatus; 3. N. (W.) purus; 4. N. (W.) fasciatus..... pierre SHOE Ladies cbMeie Wine Lim td Gee ea 17 1. Dicrolene longimana; 2. D. tristis; 3. Homostolus acer. ..........------ 176 1. Monomitopus pallidus; 2. M. longiceps; 3. M. microlepis...........-..-- 176 1. Monomeropus garmani; 2. Barathrodemus nasutus; Bassogigas xqua- BOTMB Me Re Ls Bieta Hees je cies Moar owe ost able ete DSS eR Me eh co 176 . Ll. Enchelylbrotula paucidens; 2. Eretmichthys remifer; 3. Bassozetus robus- Dae Ay CUD TIG MEU ice a ates ae vepai lei e lactate MAIR REE Ata Ue SEE 176 . 1. Mastigopterus imperator; 2. M. prextor; 3. Glyptophidium lucidum; AEG OCCA TULL © 2) Va ine, sc He AC ER eee ES Merons REA IE EGET GTE 176 . 1. Lamprogrammus macropterus; 2. Hypopleuron caninum; 3. Diplacan- thopoma (Sarcocara) brunnea; 4. Grammonus robustus.........-..---- 176 . Abdominal vertebree of Hypopleuron caninum; dorsal, ventral, and lateral MAGWE: See sai hat axenic es Sare oo wo jalal obras niarciate a ena SOON Oe 176 . Abdominal vertebree of Merluccius productus; ventral and lateral views... 176 . 1. Catxtyx platycephalus; 2. Luciobrotula bartschi; 3. Bythites lepidogenys; A PA CILODY NES CTT Tea 2 aisla jee apo inte ieee S cicin se Sole eho Moats 176 . 1. Hephthocara crassiceps; 2. H. crassiceps, dorsal view; 3. Pyramodon ven- DRA ee eo EE oa, c oaelaiele bi sina wreak Mc eine MCRAE HEE A ats Ee Sl 176 » Crustacean ‘parasites of West Indian fishes:.. .) 22. 2252). 5.5 5242-2222 22245- 278 . Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes................-2--.---2-2---- 278 . Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes..............----.-.---------- 278 . Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes..........-.....--.-------2---- 278 . Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes... 2... 22)... oe ee als ate 278 . Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes............-..---------2------ 278 . Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes...........-....--------------- 278 . Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes...............-.-....+---.---- 278 ? Crogiacean parasites of West Indian fishes. 5.40500. 52 fe. sk flee ee 278 . Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes...........-....--...---------- 278 1 Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes: : 2.222.522 so20 bo eee ee 278 . Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes............2..-.--2..2....2.--- 278 t Crustacean. parasites of West Indian fishes.....2 2220402222 22i..-222025.- 278 ) (Crustacean parasites of West Inidian fishes... +..:../2.42 02. 3. 2-2.. +62 26 278 Crustacean ;parasitesof West Indian fishes... 0... ..-.--5..-.2.-+--.---- Zi . Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes..............-..-.-------+---- 278 x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing page. 34. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes.................2.-2.2++----- 278: 35. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes....................--..----.-- 278 36. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes.............-.....-..--------- 278 37. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes...................-....------- 278 38. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes...........-...---.-------.---- 278 39. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes.............-..---..-.-------- 278 40. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes..............----- _ eee 278 41. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes...................---...---..- 278 42. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes................-..-.2-.---- he 28 43. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes...............-...-..--.------ 278 44. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes...............-...-.--..------ 278 45. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes...............-.--..-+.+--++--- 278 46. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes...............-...-..--------- 278 47. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes.........-......--.++--+----+-. 278 48. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes...............--...----.--+--- 278 49. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes..........--...-..-..---+------ 278 50. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes..............--.-..-2.e2s--08- 278 51. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes.........-....2....--.--/-.-<:- 278 52. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes.........-...-.-....--...---.-- 278 53. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes.........2.-.222.2220.+--s-20> 278 54. The Cullison. meteorite; Pratt'County, Kamsasy...% 222) 22502 aieeasee eee 330 55. The Cullison meteorite, Pratt County, Kansas. 2: . 5.229255 eens eee 330 56. Fig. 1. Eobruneria tessellata; Fig. 2. E. tessellata; Vig. 3. Chlorippe wil- MAB 6ic Seen Ao oe HE Set ee re See aie peek ro ae 346 57> A new eel from Japan: 2 2.52. . Co Hm Co © ae 2) G2 Go Cw uw “I Ct Or bo eo wwe =<) 407 414 417 418 423 425 XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ; Page. Hooks from introvert of Aspidosiphon speciosus. XX 290.......-........-.---- 427 Apices of mandibles in Jsodontia. A. cinera (cotype); B, bipunctata Rohwer (type); C; macrocephala Fox (type) -. <2 2-2. -aahas ene tee ewe eee tees * 453 Transverse section of a protocnemic mesentery of Edwardsiella californica. mp, muscle pennon; nc, nematocyst capsule; pm, parietal muscle.........- 552 Figs. 1-3. 1, Equus fraternus. X 1, Right upper premolar; 2, Left upper pre- molar; 9, Right upper premolars)... yocee oc inte ede ee eee 570 Figs. 4-10. 4, 6, 10, Equus fraternus. X1. 4, Right upper molar; 6, Left sec- ond and third premolars; 10, Right upper premolar? 54, 7, 8, 9, Equus leidyi. x 1; 5, Right upper premolar; 7, Right upper molar; 8, Right upper molar; Oo) Right upper premolar? so. 5.52 sae uw ewe weueccenne pons eee eae eee 573 Figs. 11-15. 11, Equus leidyi. X1. Right upper premolar; 12-15, Equus fra- ternus. XX 1; 12, Right upper premolar? 13, Lower right molar or premolar; 14, Lower right molar or premolar; 15, Lower left last molar..............- 575 Figs. 16-18. 16, Equus leidyi. 1. Lower left molar or premolar. 17-18, Equus littoralis. X1. 17, Upper left molar. 18, Upper left molar................ 575 Figs. 19-21. 19, Equus niobrarensis. 4. Upper jaw, left side; 20, Left lower jaw; 21, : Left lower jaw. 222... 2. pease oe es, Me Se aa eee 579 Figs. 22-24. 22, Equus niobrarensis. X %. Right upper milk molars; 23, Left lower milk molars; 24, Equus excelsus. X %. Left lower milk molars...... 583 Figs. 25-27. 25, Equus lawrentius. Left upper premolars and molars. < }; 26, Left lower premolars and molars. X 3; 27, Leftsideof palate. X }..-....-- 587 Fig. 28. Equus excelsus. Last premolar and three molars of right side of upper JBWERE Sah cS eee ak eee eens Sees 593 Tarsus of Forficula showing the second segment uleuded beneath the third.. 596 Basal portion of antenna of Labia, showing relative structure of the segments.. 596 Head of Labia from above, showing length of cheeks behind the eyes.......-- 597 Basal portion of antenna of Prolabia, showing relative structure of the segments... 597 Head of Vostox from above, showing the length of the cheeks behind the eyes.. 597 Metasternum of Labidura, showing the posterior width as compared with that of the: hind: coxa 252. SORES aes SR es A Ges 599 Metasternum of Psalis, showing the posterior width as compared with that of the Hind! Coxe < oeeo re Gas: Pe ee ee Se Ceres res ects Shahin ae 599 Claws of Eurycotis, showing the arolia between them. Pronotal disk of Phyllo- dromica, showing coloration. Wing of Ischnoptera, showing venation. v, incomplete branches of the ulnar vein. Fore femora of Blatella, showing ventral armature. Fore femora of Supella, showing ventral armature. Antenne of Pseudomops, showing basal swelling......-...-.......------.--- 600 Cerci of Pertpluneta:brunnem femiglos,.222 asf o2.5 csc es eee ae 2 eee 602 (Cerci.of Periplaneta americana, females. 2 6 325s Son ct ie eee 602 Pronotal disk of Pseudomops cincta, showing coloration......... us Ged the ne Pronotum of Stagmomantis, showing shape. Pronotum me ‘Nene showing shape. Head of Litaneutria, showing shape of eyes. Extended anterior coxa of Litaneutria, showing the rounded swelling of the distal end of the inner dorsal margin. Extended anterior coxa of Oligonyx, showing the more prominent and abrupt swelling of the distal end of the inner dorsal margin. Antenna of Brunnea, showing the basal swelling. Pronotum of Gonatista, showing shape. Facial shield of Stagmomantis, showing width as compared with the height. Facial shield of Mantis, showing width as compared with the height. Head of Yersinia, showing shape of eyes. ....-..------------- 607 The tip of abdomen of Manomera orthostylus, showing straight cerci.-.-.....--- 612 Fore limb of American zeuglodon ....6 22200 iene een alee ace eee eee 2 oe 651 Pelvic bone of American zeuglodon.-/.. =. joteeaeee ee See eee ee 652 Femur of American zeuglodon..:.. i. 1, ..0i so 4ceaben sees uae aetna ks Mae 652 MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE COLLECTED BY THE U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER “ALBATROSS” IN THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC, .1906. By Henry B. BicELow, Of the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, Cambridge, Massachusetts. INTRODUCTION. The medusae and siphonophorae described in the following pages were collected by the U.S. Fisheries steamer Albatross chiefly in the northwestern Pacific, Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Sea of Japan during the summer of 1906. The itinerary of the cruise will be found in the Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for 1906, but for the convenience of the reader the localities of the stations at which medusae were taken are tabulated below. The material as a whole is in excellent condition, and I am indebted to Dr. H. B. Torrey for the use of his field notes. The collection comprises 58 species of medusae and 22 of siphono- phorae, of which only 5 species and 1 variety of medusae are new. But the paucity of the new species is no index to the value of the collection, because two of them are interesting additions to the mesoplankton, while additional data on most of its members are very welcome, and the opportunity to compare them with their nearest allies in the Atlantic has afforded much information of zoo- geographic interest. There are no new siphonophores; but the collection contains a series of the genus Clausophyes previously known only from a frag- ment (Lens and Van Riemsdijk) and from one record which has long been regarded as problematical. The genus proves to be of ereat anatomic interest. The collection also shows that the species earlier described by me (19116) as “‘ Muggiaea kochti Will” is the Diphyes truncata of Sars— a discovery of geographic interest. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 44—No, 1946. 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—18——1 = PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, Synonymies are omitted here as a rule, references for earlier litera- ture being given to Dr. A. G. Mayer’s Monograph of the Medusae, where complete lists will be found. Similar synonymies for the siphonophores will be found in my report on the eastern Pacific collection (19116). LOCATION OF STATIONS. (For complete list see Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries, 1906.) 4757-4762, line San Francisco to Unalaska Island. 4763-4780, Bering Sea. 4781-4783, western Aleutian Islands. 4784-4793, line from western Aleutians to Kamchatka by way of Komandorski and Bering Island. 4794-4797, off the southeast coast of Kamchatka. 4798-4800, Sea of Okhotsk. 4801-4806, east of Kurile Islands. 4807-4810, Hakodate Strait (Tsugaru Strait). 4811-4882, Sea of Japan. 4883-4936, Eastern Sea. 4937-4945, Kagoshima Gulf. 4946-4960, off the east coast of Kiushiu Island, Japan. 4961-4980, south coast of Nipon, line Kobe to Yokohama. 4981-4996, Sea of Japan. 4997-5004, Gulf of Tartary. 5005-5013, Aniva Bay, Sakhalin Island. 5014-5030, Sea of Okhotsk. 5031-5033, Yezo Strait. 5034-5045, off the southeast coast of Hokkaido. 5046-5052, east coast of Hondo. 5053-5077, Suruga Gulf. 5078-5084, east coast of Hondo. 5085-5095, Sagami Bay. Class HYDROMEDUS#., Order ANTHOMEDUS-. Family SARSITD Forbes emended. Family CODONIDAE Haeckel. The name Codonidae is commonly employed for this family, but it must be abandoned, because Codoniwm is a synonym of Sarsia. no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 3 Genus SARSIA Lesson. This genus is represented in the collection by two species, S. eximia Allman and S. japponica Maas, belonging to what Hartlaub (1907) has named the ‘“eximia” group, in which the manubrium is short and is clothed with genital products from close to its base to near the lip, and one, S. princeps, classed by him in the “‘tubulosa”’ group, in which the manubrium is long, and the gonad leaves the distal por- tion bare. The following species, brachygaster Grénberg, barentsi Linko, prolifera Forbes, radiata von Lendenfeld, and angulata Mayer, are all so closely allied to eximia that it is questionable whether any of them are actually distinct. Thus I can find nothing in Grénberg’s (1897) figure to separate brachygaster from eximia. The only differ- ence is that in the latter the ocelli, at first black, change to carmine with growth, while in brachygaster they retain their black color, and I doubt whether so slight a difference is a basis for specific separation. Sarsia barentsi is insufficiently described; but although Mayer (1910, p. 53) believes that it is probably a young stage of S. tubulosa, it has a short manubrium and might equally belong to eximia. 8. prolifera, in which medusa buds are formed at the bases of the tentacles, is a puzzling form, which may be the young, or a budding phase, of some other Sarsia, as already suggested by Browne (1896). Like eximia, it has a short manubrium and well-developed ocelli. S. radiata von Lendenfeld (1884), from Australia, likewise resembles eximia in the structure of its manubrium, but unfortunately it is doubtful whether or not ocelli are present. The hydroid is certainly very closely allied to S. eximia, with which the hydranths agree in the arrangement of tentacles and medusa buds, the only differences of importance being that the hydranths arise directly from a creeping hydrorhiza. S. angulata Mayer may be a variety of eximia; its hydroid is not known. S. resplendens Bigelow, from the west coast of Mexico, was described as a new species because of its short tentacles, each with a few large nematocyst swellings; and, as it was studied alive, these characters can be assumed to be normal. It is likewise characterized by a very brilliant coloration. Mayer (1910) suggests that it is really eximia; and it is possible that it may prove to be a variety of that species. But until it is better known, and especially till its hydroid is described, it may be retained provisionally. S. flammea and S. japonica lack ocelli, a character separating them from eximia, which they otherwise resemble in general appearance. They are closely allied to each other; but Maas (1909, p. 6), who has examined specimens of both, believes that they can be separated by the fact that in flammea the sexual products are arranged in a net- work (“‘Gitterwerke’’) over the walls of the manubrium, while in japonica they are irregularly massed here and there, though leaving 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. \ "avon. 44, no part of the manubrium definitely free except its two extremities. It is doubtful whether larger series would show that this slight differ- ence is of much importance; but as no specimens of flammea have been available for study, the name japonica is retained here. SARSIA EXIMIA (Allman). Coryne eximia ALLMAN, 1859, p. 141. Dutch Harbor, May 25, surface; 5 specimens, 4-10 mm. high; in excellent condition. Petropaulski, June 19, surface; 1 specimen, 8 mm. high; manu- brium torn off. These specimens agree very well with the various figures of eximia. Hartlaub (1907) has given sofull an account that no description iscalled forherefurther than to point out the moreimportant specific characters. Chief among these is the structure of the manubrium, correlated with the presence of ocelli. In all the Albatross examples the manubrium is entirely contained within the bell cavity; and in view of the fact that the specimens are expanded as a whole, as is shown by the con- dition of the tentacles, it appears that the manubrium was short in life. The smallest individual is a female, with large eggs; the others are males; in all of them the gonads occupy the whole of the manu- brium, except the lip, and a very short region at the base, so that, as Hartlaub (1907) has pointed out, there is no such distinction into genital and nutritive zones as there is in S. tubulosa. There is no trace of an apical canal or chamber in any of the specimens. Color.—The ocelli are now pale reddish-brown; the manubrium pale orange. Otherwise the specimens are colorless. No color notes were made from life, so that it is quite possible that the bases of the ten- tacles were pigmented before preservation. Sarsia eximia has been recorded from numerous localities on the coasts of Great Britain; from the coasts of Normandy and Brittany, Iceland, and Norway; and its hydroid is already recorded from Juneau, Alaska, by Nutting (1901) and from California by Torrey (1902). If the records of 8. brachygaster are added, as I believe should be done, then Spitzbergen and West Greenland ought to be included; and if barentsi be included, the distribution of the species is extended nearly to Nova Zembla. SARSIA JAPONICA Maas. Sarsia japonica Maas, 1909, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 1. Station 4783; about 35 specimens, the largest about 8 mm. high. The specimens were so inextricably tangled with one another and with copepods that only about 10 were separable from the mass. All are much contracted, and most of them more or less damaged. The only important respect in which they differ from Maas’s figure is that the manubria fill the bell cavities almost entirely; but this is no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. J evidently the result of the contraction of the bell as a whole. The short manubria, irregular arrangement of the sexual products over its wall and absence of apical canal and ocelli are all easily distinguished. Color.—In formalin, manubrium and tentacle bases are pale brown- ish. The original records of japonica were from Todohokke and Hokkaido, Japan. SARSIA PRINCEPS (Haeckel). Codonium princeps HAEcKEL, 1879, p. 13, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2. (For synonymy, see Mayer, 1910, p. 60.) Station 3604, southern Bering Sea, August, 1895; surface; 1 speci- men, about 30 mm. high. The single example is flattened, and its manubrium so strongly contracted, that it is a mere knob; but the specimen is readily iden- tified by the long ‘‘still-canal”’ and by the irregular margins of the radial canals though the latter are somewhat less pronounced than in a specimen from Newfoundland (1909, p. 303), as well as by its large size. For a list of occurrences of this species, which include Newfound- land, Greenland, Davis Strait, Spitzbergen, the White Sea, and Barents Sea, see Hartlaub (1907, p. 49). Genus HYBOCODON L. Agassiz. The medusae of this genus may be almost indistinguishable although budded off from hydroids which are perfectly distinct; for example, the medusae of H. christinae Hartlaub closely resemble those of H. prolifer Agassiz, but the hydroids of these two species can not be confused, because in the former the medusa buds are borne singly, in the latter on stolons. The following North Atlantic species are listed by Hartlaub (1907), who has made the most thorough study of the genus: pulcher Saemundsson, prolifer L. Agassiz, christunae Hartlaub, gravidum. Linko, islandicum Greene, and amphipleurus Haeckel; but as Mayer (1910) has noted, it is probable that gravidum and islandi- cum are synonyms of prolifer (of neither of them is the hydroid known); and amphipleurus is known from only a single specimen (medusa). H. prolifer is very abundant off the coasts of New England; and medusae recorded under that name have been taken by hundreds in northern European waters, but the prolifer hydroid has not been found on the eastern side of the Atlantic. Three other Hybocodons have been described, H. unicus Browne from the Falkland Islands (medusa only); H. chilensis Hartlaub from the Chilean coast (hydroid only), and H. occidentalis Fewkes from the coast of California (medusa only). Chilensis is allied to the 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44, pulcher-christinae group; unicus is insufficiently known; it may belong to chilensis, as suggested by Browne (1902) and Mayer; occidentalis is indistinguishable from prolifer so far as the medusa is concerned. ; The Hybocodons of the fisheries steamer Albatross collection can be identified only provisionally, until the hydroid is known. But as the medusae agree perfectly well with prolifer they are referred to that species. HYBOCODON PROLIFER L. Agassiz. Hybocodon prolifer L. Aassiz, 1862, p. 243, pl. 28a, figs. 10, 11; pl. 25. (For synonymy, see Mayer, 1910, p. 39.) Dutch Harbor, surface, May 25; about 50 excellent specimens, 3-5 mm. high. Most of the specimens have three large tentacles, with one or two medusa buds; but some have only one tentacle, some two, and several have four. The medusa buds vary in number from one (in specimens with three or four tentacles) to three or four; and they are in every stage of development from mere knobs to medusae which are them- selves in the act of budding. The stages agree so well with the description by L. Agassiz (1862) that no account is needed here; his figures might almost have been taken from the present series. Some specimens have no buds, and among such the tentacle number is usually three or four. Besides budding off medusae, several of the specimens have actinula-larvae in various stages of development, attached to the manubrium, just as they have been described by Hargitt and Perkins (Mayer, 1910, p. 41). And a given individual may or may not show both types of development. Since Hartlaub (1907) believed that a short manubrium was distinctive of H. christinae, it is interesting that in the Albatross series this organ varies from being tubular and hanging to the opening of the bell, to very short, almost globular, although the bell as a whole may show no signs of contraction. Evidently, then, this character is useless in preserved material. In the smaller specimens there are no gonads, consequently the manubrium is nearly transparent. But in the larger ones the sexual products are developed. There seems to be no connection between budding and the formation of gonads. The radial canals are all of equal breadth, and the exumbral nettle ribs are well marked. Over most of their length they are linear, but near the margin they widen suddenly. Color.—Manubrium and tentacular bulbs are pale yellow; the apex of the manubrium orange. no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 7 Family CYTAEIDAE L. Agassiz, 1862. Genus TURRITOPSIS McCrady, 1856. The most recent communication on this genus is by Hartlaub (1911), who gives a discussion of the three members of the genus from northern waters, polycirrha Keferstein, nutricula McCrady, and pacifica Maas. The first two are very closely allied to each other, so much so, in fact, that Mayer (1910) has united them. . Hartlaub, arguing to the contrary, points out that in the European form the radial canals are broader, the entodermal ‘‘Zellpolster”’ lower, than they are figured by Brooks for the American species; that the radial canals are not dilated within the ‘‘Zellpolster,” that the latter is not four-cornered, and finally that the eggs develop into planulae within the bell cavity, something which has never been observed in the American form. But Mayer’s (1910) figure of an adult from Newport has broad canals, and these are not enlarged in the ‘‘Zellpolster.”’ I have myself examined specimens from Bermuda, the Tortugas, and Newport, and in all of them the radial canals are quite as broad as in Busk’s figure of the European form; and in no case do the canals expand within the ‘‘Zellpolster” to form distinct chambers with an ascending branch such as Brooks (1886) observed, though, to be sure, they are more or less dilated. Thus it appears that the supposed differences between polycirrha and nutricula are so unstable as to be worthless for specific diagnosis, and as Mayer has studied many nutricula in life, I believe that we can safely follow him and Maas (1909) in uniting the two. Pacifica described by Maas (1909) as var. pacifica of nutricula, is distinguished from the latter by large size; by having numerous tentacles arranged in several rows, and especially by the peculiarity that the ocelli lie on the abaxial instead of the axial faces of the tentacular bulbs; and these differences have seemed sufficient both to Mayer and to Hartlaub to show that pacifica is a distinct species. The present collection adds to our knowledge by affording two perfectly typical specimens of nutricula from southern Japan; that is, from the same general region as pacifica. It was of course so inter- esting to find two species of Turritopsis in Japanese waters that I paid especial attention to the position of the ocelli, finding that there is an axial ocellus on each tentacular bulb exactly as in nutricula. But though this character sharply distinguishes the latter from pacifica, number and arrangement of tentacles do not, for large specimens of nutricula have 70-85 or more, pacifica about 120-150. In the Albatross specimens they are apparently in two rows, but in reality only in one, the appearance being due to differences in size of tentacles of different ages, and to crowding and contraction of the 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, margin. And were they in several rows—that is, of the ‘‘pacifica”’ type—this might easily be explained as the result of progressive development. So far, then, as size and tentacles are concerned, pacifica might be an advanced stage of nutricula, but the position of the ocelli can not be reconciled with this. When | first exam- ined the present specimens the ocelli, showing clearly through the tentacular bulbs, seemed to lie on the abaxial surfaces of the latter, and 1t was only when the tentacles were examined in side view that the true position of the ocelli became evident. This, together with the fact that Maas (1909) has given only an abaxial view of the tentacles, suggests the possibility that the conditions in pacifica might be explained in the same way. But reexamination of the specimens alone can settle it. The Albatross specimens are recorded as nutricula, as I can find nothing to separate them from that species. TURRITOPSIS NUTRICULA McCrady. Oceania ( Turritopsis) nutricula McCrapy, 1856, p. 1, pl. 4, figs. 1-10. Oceania polycirrha KEFERSTEIN, 1862, p. 26, pl. 2, figs. 11-13. (For complete synonymy, see Mayer, 1910, p. 143.) Station 4943, 2 specimens, both about 4:mm. high. One is in excellent condition, the other slightly contracted. The better specimen has about 84 large, and 5 or 6 very small ten- tacles; their apparent location in two rows has been touched upon. One feature not previously emphasized for nutricula, although it is evident in specimens from Newport, is that each tentacle has a distinct terminal dilation. The “Zellpolster’’ is of the quadrate type figured by Brooks (1886), and the radial canals within it are dilated but slightly. The ova (both specimens are female) cover the interradial surfaces of the manubrium, leaving the perradii bare, but no planulae are to be seen. Nutricula has been described so often and so fully, that no further discussion is needed here. For excellent accounts and figures, see Brooks (1883), Brooks and Rittenhouse (1867), Mayer (1910), and Hartlaub (1911). Family BOUGAINVILLEID/®! Gegenbaur, 1856. Genus BOUGAINVILLEA Lesson, 1848. The collection contains one large specimen of Bougainvillea which I can not distinguish from B. superciliaris, and its identity seems assured because | have been able to compare it with excellent speci- mens of that species from Labrador. The diagnostic features of superciliaris are its large size, the presence of a short gelatinous 1The use of the name Margelidae (Hartlaub, 1911) is untenable because Margelis is a synonym of Bougainvillea. no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 9 peduncle, long manubrium, the fact that the gelatinous substance, thick aborally, grows thinner toward the margin; the large number of tentacles; purely interradial gonads; development of the planulae attached to the walls of the manubrium; and dense pigmentation; all of which are shown by our specimen. It would be interesting to know the true relationship between B. superciliaris and the other Bougainvillea from the northwestern Pacific, B. bowgainvillei Brandt. Mayer (1910) unites them; but Hartlaub (1911) believes that they are distinct, the latter, according to him, being more nearly related to B. britannica. Without access to specimens of the bougainvillei type, it is impossible to settle the question; but I may point out that bougainvillei resembles superciliaris in the presence of a short pedun- cle; that its manubrium is no shorter than I have often seen it in superciliaris of the same size; and that so far as general form is con- cerned it agrees equally well with either. Hartlaub (1911) mentions as a point of resemblance to britannica that the ocelli in bougainvillei lie on the free tentacles at their bases; but the same is true of super- ciliaris, as is clearly shown in L. Agassiz’s figures (1849). The one peculiar feature of bowgainville: is the presence of “sehr feinen Bérstchen’’ on the exumbrella (Brandt, 1838, p. 393). But these spines or hairs suggest the spines of radiolarians, with which medusae are often clothed. On the whole, then, I am inclined to believe that bougainvillei is identical with superciliaris. It has been recorded by Murbach and Shearer (1903), but the identity of their specimen (not figured) is uncertain. B. mertenst A. Agassiz is prob- ably a synonym of bougainvillei, but the original specimens of mer- tensi in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zodélogy are distorted past hope of recognition. BOUGAINVILLEA SUPERCILIARIS (Gould) L. Agassiz. Hippocrene superciliaris GouLD, 1841, p. 348.—L. Acassiz, 1849, p. 250, pls. 1-3. (For further synonymy, see Mayer, 1910, p. 162, and Hartlaub. 1911, p. 171.) Attu Island, June 11; 1 specimen, 12 mm. high by 10 mm. in diameter. The example was obviously much larger in life, and it appears to be the largest representative of the species yet recorded. B. superciliaris has been so well described and figured by L. Agassiz (1849), Mayer (1910), and Hartlaub (1911) that no account is called for, further than to point out that our specimen shows the specific characters in a typical way. The peduncle is short and broad, and, corresponding with the large size, the interradial sides of the manu- brium are covered with planulae, but none are attached along four narrow perradial lines. The manubrium itself is large, and hangs to about the mid height of the bell. The numbers of marginal ten- tacles to the bundle are 16, 18, 15, 15, 18 being the greatest number yet recorded. The branching of the oral tentacles is more complex 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. than in the smaller specimens usually described, for each tentacle forks seven or eight times. Color.—Ocelli are dark brown, almost black; the manubrium pale reddish brown. Genus RATHKEA Brandt, 1837 (Hartlaub). It seems that at last the generic name for Bougainvilleidae, with eight groups of marginal tentacles and with the labial tentacles represented by nematocyst swellings at the corners of the lip, is settled. The stumbling block has long been Rathkea blumenbachu (Rathke) Brandt from the Black Sea, a form so poorly figured that it was impossible to determine the type of oral appendages; but Hartlaub (1911) has recently studied series from the Black Sea which prove indistinguishable from the common Lizzia octopunctata of the North Atlantic, and likewise specimens of that species from the Mediterranean (Trieste, Cette). There is, then, no further question that blumenbachii and octopunctata are identical, and Lizzia must give way to Rathkea. The common Mediterranean species fascicularis thus loses the generic name which Maas (1905) and I formerly applied to it, and Browne (1910) has revived Kdéllikeria for it and similar species. Mayer (1910) uses Rathkea in a broad sense to include all Bougain- villeidae with eight groups of marginal tentacles. But I agree with Maas and with Hartlaub that the structure of the labial appendages is sufficiently important to afford a generic character of phylogenetic value, and it warrants at least two and probably three genera, Rathkea with simple nematocyst knobs, Lizzia with unbranched labial ten- tacles and Kéllikeria with branched labial tentacles. The species included in Rathkea by Mayer are blumenbachii Rathke, formosissima Browne, octopunctata Sars, fasciculata Péron and Lesueur, octonemalis Maas, elegans Mayer, and blondina Forbes. According to the above definition, these species should be distributed as follows: blumen- bachii (=octopunctata) to Rathkea; fasciculata, octonemalis, and elegans to Kéllikeria; blondina to Lizzia; and formosissima also probably to Inzzva. Hartlaub (1911) makes a different division, referring to Bougainvillea species with branched oral tentacles, and smooth, not folded, gonads and gastric walls, irrespective of the number of bundles of marginal tentacles; that is, octonemalis and elegans. But though Bougainvil- leas do vary more or less in number of bundles, still the octoradial condition of Kéllikeria is precise; it does not intergrade in any true sense with the quadriradiality of Bougainvillea. Mayer (1910, p. 179) recognizes a variety of blumenbachii, grata, for specimens with a long peduncle; but I doubt whether the difference no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 11 in this respect is anything more than an individual variation, or per- haps partly consequent on contraction. The Albatross collection contains a series of the genus which differs from blumenbachii in having more tentacles (five instead of three) in the interradial groups, and the case is an interesting one, because perfectly typical blumenbachii, with the usual num- ber of tentacles, is common in Japan. There is, then, no ques- tion of a Pacific as opposed to an Atlantic species. The difference is merely the point to which development proceeds; the north At- lantic form at first has one tentacle in each interradial group; then a pair flanking it appear, and then in its Bering Sea relative the interradial groups simply progress one step further, just as do the radial groups. And as it appears that in some specimens from Bering Sea three is the final number, just as it is in the Atlantic species, there seems to be no justification for separating the series specifically from blumenbachii, though it may finally be shown that they represent a distinct local variety. RATHKEA BLUMENBACHII (Rathke). Oceania blumenbachiit RaTHKE, 1835, p. 321. (For synonymy, see Mayer, 1910, pp. 177, 179, and Hartlaub, 1911, p. 229.) Dutch Harbor, surface, May 25; about 40 specimens, 2-4 mm. in diameter; in excellent condition. I have been able to compare this series with about 200 examples from Newfoundland (1909¢., p. 306). It is not at all surprising that A. blumenbachii should occur in Ber- ing Sea, since it has already been found along the Arctic coasts of Europe as far east as Nova Zembla, and likewise in Japan. The species has often been described, and excellent diagnoses are to be found in Mayer’s (1910) and Hartlaub’s (1911) papers, while the latter author has given a complete list of the localities where it has been taken. The series contains both budding and sexual phases, besides a con- siderable number of specimens with both medusa buds and gonads. The largest are about 4 by 4 mm.—that is, about the same as my Newfoundland series—and the photograph of the oral appendages of the latter (1909, pl. 31, fig. 5) might equally well have been taken from one of the Berg Sea specimens. The largest individuals have seven or eight nematocyst organs in each cluster, as described by A. Agassiz (1865) and Browne (1896). According to the degree of con- traction, the nematocyst knobs may be sessile, with no trace of stalk, or the lip may be extended in narrow prolongations, with the knobs at their tips, so that the latter are apparently stalked; but there is a very sharp distinction between such organs, which are merely pro- jections of the edge of the lip, and the labial tentacles of Cytaeis, Lizzia, or Kéllikerna. a2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. - VOL, 44, The marginal tentacles are especially interesting, because they show the only difference between the Bering Sea and the Atlantic series. About half of the specimens have five tentacles in each interradial cluster, while the others have three. There are large specimens in each class; but the series, as a whole, suggests that most examples, at any rate, attain the large number sooner or later. In the Atlantic form, on the other hand, the final number of ten- tacles in each interradial cluster is three, and no specimens have ever been recorded in which this number was surpassed. Japanese examples, likewise, have only three. Each of the radial groups has five tentacles. Rathkea has never been observed with more than five in each. One medusa bud, almost ready for liberation, the only one found at so late a stage, has five tentacles in each radial, three in each interradial, group. In the medusa buds of the Atlantic race there are usually three tentacles in each radial and only one in each interradial group when liberated. All the specimens are of the ‘“‘short peduncle”’ type; indeed, I have never seen one of the ‘‘grata”’ type (Mayer, 1910). Color.—In formalin manubrium tentacle bulbs are pale yellow. Family PANDEIDAE Haeckel, 1879 (sens. em.). Family TIARIDAE! Haeckel. MEATOR, new genus. This new genus is proposed for an interesting new Pandeid in which the gonads consist, in the adult, of eight smooth adradial masses, dis- continuous in the perradii, and in which perradial and subradial ten- tacles are of different sizes, though structurally all alike, characters which separate it from all other members of the family. Tpye.— Meator rubatra, new species. MEATOR RUBATRA, new species. Plate 1, figs. 1-3. Type.—Cat. No. 31051, U.S.N.M. Station 4800, 300-0 fathoms; 2 specimens, respectively 14 mm. high by 18 mm. in diameter (type) and 13 mm. high by 13 mm. in diameter. Station 5019, 192-0 fathoms; 1 specimen, 17 mm. high. Station 5028, 241-0 fathoms; 1 specimen, 17 mm. high. Station 5030, 1,800-0 fathoms; 1 specimen, 17 mm. high. Station 5030, 300-0 fathoms; 7 specimens; the smallest specimen is 10 mm. high by 11 mm. in diameter, the largest 17 mm. high by 18 mm. in diameter. All are in excellent condition. Meator rubatra is so striking in its general appearance that it can not be mistaken for any other known medusa. The gelatinous sub- 1 Untenable, because Tiara is preoccupied for a mollusk. no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. Lo stance is extremely thick and tough, the bell almost spherical, but in all of our specimens slightly broader than high. The bell cavity is subeylindrical, one-half to one-third higher than broad, the subum- brella densely pigmented, with the jelly very transparent; the speci- men looks like a vitreous ball with its center occupied by an opaque plug (pl. 1, fig. 1). The entire animal, at least after preservation, is so tough and resistant that it will bear handling even when removed from its fluid. Manubrium.—The manubrium is short, reaching hardly to the mid- level of the bell cavity; the mouth is surrounded by four separate lips, with slightly fimbriated margins (pl. 1, fig. 3). In the large specimens the manubrium is attached to the subumbrella along each radius, as in other Pandeids, only here to an extreme degree, the lines of attachment extending downward as far as the sexual products are developed. Gonads.—In a specimen 17 mm. high the gonads consist of eight adradial masses, oval in outline, broadest at their lower ends. The sexual tissue is, of course, discontinuous in the perradii, where there is a broad band, reaching to the base of the manubrium, along which no sexual products are present (pl. 1, fig. 3). The specimen in question is a female, with large ova. The precise outlines of the sex- ual masses are easily followed, because their whiteness contrasts very strongly with the dense, almost opaque endodermic pigmenta- tion of all other parts of the walls of the manubrium. In the small- est specimen the manubrium is much contracted, and consequently the gonads folded and crumpled, and in this case the adradial gonads of each pair are close together near the bases, though still distinctly separate in the interradius. The question whether the pairs of adradial gonads are the arms of organs originally horseshoe-shaped and secondarily separated by the growth of the manubrium remains unanswered, but the probability is that they are. In a large male the gonads agree very well with those of the female described above. Canal system.—The margins of the canals, both radial and circular, are smooth, but in most of the specimens there is a slight dilation of the radial canals marking the level of the lower end of the perradial attachment of manubrium to subumbrella. In one example the margins of the canals are jagged at this point. Tentacles—The arrangement of tentacles is characteristic, there being four large perradials and a considerable number of much smaller interradials (pl. 1, fig. 2). As in Heterotiara and Calycopsis the basal ends of the radials lie in furrows of the exumbrella; and the tentacles turn outward a short distance above the margin. The interradials, however, spring directly from the margin, not touching the exumbrella. None have terminal dilations of any kind, nor are 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. there any distinct basal bulbs. The number of interradials increases irregularly with growth. In the smallest specimen, 10 by 11 mm., there are 6, 7, 9, and 6 interradials in the four quadrants; in a large one, 14 by 18 mm., there are 10, 10, 9, 9; and in a still larger one,17 by 18 mm., 10, 9,9, 10. Ten was the largest number counted in any quadrant. : The interradial tentacles are especially interesting because cross sections of them show that the stouter ones have a large lumen, whereas in smaller ones, either younger or more contracted, the lumen is obscured, so that they are apparently solid, though there is no definite core of chordate cells, such as is to be seen in Protiara formosa (Mayer, 1910, pl. 18, fig. 2). Oolor.—The density of the pigment has been noted above. The entire subumbrella, and those parts of the manubrium which lack sexual products, are of a very deep claret red, so nearly opaque as to look black when held against the light, over which the radial canals show as pale bands. The tentacles and velum are of a very pale brownish-red, and the coloration, as well as the data of capture, shows that the species belongs to the mesoplankton. Genus PANDEA Lesson, 1848. Mayer (1910) admits five species to this genus: conica Lesson, violacea Agassiz and Mayer, saltatoria (Sars) Lesson, minvma Lenden- feld, and maasi Mayer (= Tiara, sp., Maas, 19048, p. 13, pl. 2, fig. 11). But saltatoria is probably an Aglantha, maasi a Sarsia (S. flammea), while minima was founded on a young stage. Vanhdéffen (1911) has united conica and violacea on the supposition that the latter is the young of the former. But Mayer (1910) has studied large series of violacea, both from the Tortugas and from the Mediterranean, finding that the structure of the gonads separates them at all stages. The collection contains a large species from the intermediate depths, referable to Pandea, and resembling conica in the structure of the gonads, but readily distinguished from the latter by size, dark red color, and other characters noted below. PANDEA RUBRA, new species. Plate 2, figs. 1-7. I. ADULT. Type—Cat. No. 31052, U.S.N.M. Station 4758, 300-0 fathoms; 1 specimen. Station 4760, 300-0 fathoms; 1 specimen and fragments of two others. Station 4797, 300-0 fathoms; 1 specimen. Type. Station 4800, 221-0 fathoms; 2 specimens, 1 very fragmentary. no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 15 The proportions of the better-preserved examples are as follows: . - Interradial Station. eaten t, fecae tentacles per i quadrant. 4800 35 37 A; 2; 2, 2 4758 40 38 SH Ge) 4797 47 38 A, 3, 3, 4 4760 175 (?) 5, 4, (2) (2) 1 Approximate. No one of the examples is perfect, but several of them are well enough preserved in parts to allow a general account. The bell is about as high as, or slightly higher than broad, dome- shaped, the gelatinous substance very thin, and the bell cavity voluminous. In four of the specimens, including the largest, the entire subumbrella is so densely pigmented, except close to its aboral margin, that the manubrium is entirely hidden. In the others (pl. 2, fig. 1) the subumbrella surface is partially rubbed away. Manubrium and gonads.—The manubrium, in all the examples, hangs to about the midlevel of the bell cavity; and it is attached to the subumbrella along the perradii for about four-fifths of its length (pl. 2, fig. 2). The lip, primarily cruciform, is thrown into many extremely complex folds. The gonads consist of a close network of ridges and corresponding depressions, which occupy the entire inter- radial areas. They do not connect with one another in the perradii below the attachment between manubrium and subumbrella, as they do in P. conica, but are discontinuous there (pl. 2, fig. 2). The ridges of the network are of different sizes, representing different periods of formation; and in the largest example, unfortunately a fragmentary one, they are exceedingly complex. Seen from within, the gastric wall is studded with prominences, corresponding to the hollows between the external ridges. In other words, the ridges are not simple thickenings, but are lines of outgrowth and folding. Canal system.—The radial canals are proportionately broad and flat; their margins wavy, or jagged (pl. 2, fig. 5), and notched. In one specimen, the irregularities of their margins approach the condition in Catablema vesicaria, where they may be spoken of as diverticula; but there is considerable variation in this respect. The margin of the circular canal is smooth in such specimens as are well enough preserved to show it, including the largest one. Tentacles —As shown in the foregoing table, five interradial ten- tacles is the greatest number observed in any quadrant. If this number occurred in all four quadrants of any one individual, we should have a total of 24. But the condition varies from quadrant to quadrant in every example. Smaller specimens have fewer, 2-4, and tentacles were observed in various stages in growth. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, The basal bulbs are large, conical, not laterally flattened, and clasp the exumbrella (pl. 2, fig. 4). Color—In the largest specimen the entire subumbrella is deeply pigmented, of a deep brownish-red, less opaque, however, than in Meator rubatra, the radial canals causing pale bands. The ten- tacles are of the same color, and manubrium, lips, and gonads are of a duller brownish-red, but equally strongly pigmented. In the specimen 47 mm. high the tentacles are faint reddish, but the pigmentation in this example is much paler in general, probably due to the poor condition of the subumbrella. In two of the smaller specimens, which are in fair condition, the dense pigment ceases some distance above the margin, and is suc- ceeded there by a clear zone, only faintly reddish next the radial canals, and with the tentacles colorless. 2. YOUNG STAGES. F : Interradial Station. Depth. Hepat, eS tentacles per ; ; quadrant. 4800 221-0 (2) 118 Dias 4764 1130-0 | 27 25 2) 3, ey By 1 Approximate. In general form, voluminous bell cavity, and thin gelatinous substance, these small specimens agree very well with the large ones described above, and manubrium and lips (pl. 2, figs. 6, 7) are of the same type; but the gonads, as would be expected, are less advanced, the network being less prominent, the ridges lower, and the inter- vening hollows shallower. They are, however, of the same general structure, and it is especially interesting that they occupy the entire interradial regions just as they do in the larger specimens. Thus there is no evidence that the network is derived from a primarily horseshoe-shaped sexual swelling, as it is in Pandea conica. The margins of the radial canals are slightly wavy, that of the circular canal smooth. There are fewer tentacles than in the large specimens, three being the most in any quadrant, with a total of 14 in the example shown in the photograph, but the conical basal bulbs are already well developed. The pigmentation, instead of extending to the subumbrella as in the adult, is limited to the manubrium, which, with its lips and gonads, is of a deep brownish-red. This difference is a striking one; but the fact that the adults show a progressive development of pigment, which does not reach to the margin and tentacles until a height of 47 mm. is attained, is good evidence that the conditions in the two specimens now under discussion is merely an earlier stage in growth. no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. LT Genus CATABLEMA Haeckel, 1879. Maas, 1904 (Bigelow 1909c). The three ‘‘species”’ listed in the genus by Haeckel, vesicaria A. Agassiz, campanula Haeckel, and eurystoma Haeckel, are undoubtedly identical, as Maas (19046), Browne (1910), and I (1909c) have already pomted out. Vesicaria and campanula are successive stages in development; the only characters separating them are that the former has fewer tentacles, and usually has ocelli; but the first is a growth character, while I have myself found that the ocelli of vesicaria eften disappear with preservation (campanula was based on alcoholic material). Hurystoma, with rudimentary stomach, is apparently only an abnormality. Mayer retains all three as distinct species (putting them in ‘‘Turris’’); but gives no discussion of them. Browne (1910) has recently added another species, weldoni, to the genus, from the Antarctic. But this form has gonads of the Neoturris' type, and therefore does not fall in Catablema as here defined. The present collection contains a considerable series of C. vesicaria from Bering Sea which are perhaps sufficiently distinct from Atlantic specimens to be noted as a local variety. There are likewise four specimens which are distinguished from vesicaria by having upward of three times as many tentacles in both young and adult; by their large size, and by the form of the tentacular bulbs. Comparison with considerable series of the latter, both Atlantic and Pacific, shows that the differences are sufficient to separate them specifically. A Catablema with ‘‘many hundred” tentacles has been briefly described by Kishinouye (1910) from the Kurile Islands as C. multicirrata, and no doubt the four Albatross examples belong to it. CATABLEMA VESICARIA A. Agassiz, var. NODULOSA, new variety Plate 1, figs. 8, 9. Dutch Harbor, May 25, surface; 14 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 31053, U.S.N.M. In general form the specimens resemble the Atlantic examples of C. vesicaria which I have studied, having the same thick, rounded gelatinous swelling at the aboral pole. But the gonads and tentacle number are rather different from the usual type of the latter, though probably lying within its extreme range of variation. The gonads, as defined by A. Agassiz (1865), by Maas (19040), and by the writer (1909c), consist of a series of vertical folds in each interradius, becoming oblique or even transverse close to each per- radius, and in two of the North Atlantic specimens I have observed a few irregular knobs and swellings near the lower end of the manu- brium. In the Bering Sea series there is the same series of hori- 1 Neoturris, new name, Hartlaub, 1911, p. 209. 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13 2 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, zontal folds in the upper part of each interradius, but instead of being fairly regular and even, as they are in typical vesicaria, they branch and even anastomose, so that a very loose partial network results, and the folds are augmented in the lower part of the manubrium by numerous knobs and irregular swellings. A comparison of photographs of the gonads of the two (ef. pl. 1, fig. 8 with Bigelow 1909c, pl. 30, fig. 3), will show the difference at a glance. If extremes only were taken, they would suggest two different species, but occasional Atlantic specimens approach the Pacific type so closely that there is no actual discontinuity between the two. In young specimens from the Pacific the folds are less irregular and branch little if at all, so that they resemble the usual Atlantic form more closely, but the knobs are already present in examples 9 mm. high. This type of gonad is present in all the specimens, though the degree of development of the knobs varies. The tentacles are rather less numerous, and have basal bulbs of rather a different outline from those of the Atlantic specimens which I have seen. In the following table tentacle number is given of a series including the largest and smallest specimens: ae F Interradial ten- Height, . eel ’ | tacles of all sizes weal " : per quadrant. 4 9 10 gvaroitg 14 10 510 ORBEA 15 10 11 3, 4, 3,3 17 10 13 4,3, 4,4 19 15 17 4,5, 4,4 20 19 19 5, 4, 4,5 22 11 14 4,5,5,5 23 20 21 5,5, 6,5 25 Thus the number increases with growth, but so irregularly that it is. seldom that two quadrants of any individual have the same number of tentacular organs at exactly the same stages of growth. It is hard to classify the tentacles by size, because there are all gradations from large ones to mere knobs, and the latter are present in the largest as well as in the smaller specimens. The order of development of tentacles is successively radial, inter- radial, adradial, and subradial. But after the first three series have appeared the formation of additional tentacles is exceedingly irregular. Atlantic examples of vesicaria, of about the same size as the largest Bering Sea specimens, have twice as many tentacular organs of all sizes. Thus, in a specimen 19 mm. high by 17 mm. in diameter, I counted 22 large and 20 small, and in another 18 by 14.5 mm. there were 37 large and 2 small. Haeckel (1879) records 36-48 tentacles as the final number. No. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAB AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 19 % The bases of the tentacles are less compressed than is usual in Atlantic vesicaria, narrower, and do not clasp the exumbrella to the same degree. The margins of the radial canals are lobed as in vesicaria; the cir- cular canal is slightly wavy. Color.—In the preserved specimens tentacles and manubrium are pale yellow. C. vesicaria is known from the coast of New England, from the Labrador current, Greenland, and Spitzbergen. CATABLEMA MULTICIRRATA Kishinouye. Catablema multicirrata KisH1novyYeE, 1910, p. 24. Plate 1, figs. 4-7. Orca, Prince William Sound, Alaska, July 19; 2 specimens, both in good anatomical condition, though somewhat contracted. One is 29 mm. high by 33 mm. broad, the other 36 mm. broad. Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island, Bering Sea, May 25; 2 young specimens, both about 14 mm. high by 13 mm. in diameter. In the smaller of the two adults, which is the least contracted, the bell is nearly cubical, and it is evident that in life there was a con- siderable apical dome, now represented by a much wrinkled and flattened gelatinous cap. Manubrium and gonads.—The manubrium, like the bell, is cubical, nearly fills the cavity of the bell, and is attached to the subum- brella along the perradii (pl. 1, fig. 4). The gastric portion of the manubrium hangs below the midlevel of the bell cavity, and the lip, primarily quadratic, is complexly folded, much more so than in any recorded specimen of vesicaria, either Atlantic or Pacific. The gonads consist of four series of folds, occupying nearly the whole of the four interradial areas, but entirely discontinuous in the perradii, even below the level to which the manubrium is attached to the sub- umbrella. In the center of each interradius the folds are vertical; near the perradii they become somewhat oblique, just as in vesicaria, but in no instance were they transverse. In the interradius shown in the photograph (pl. 1, fig. 4) there are 25 folds. The folds vary in breadth and in length, but in neither example are they supple- mented by the irregular knobs and swellings which are a prominent feature in the gonads of the Pacific form of C. vesicaria. The ridges are simple folds of the gastric wall, not thickenings, and the sexual products, large ova in both specimens, are developed indifferently _ over the ridges and in the valleys which separate them. But few if any ova are to be seen below the level at which the ridges terminate, and none at all along a rather broad band marking each perradius. Canals.—The canals, both radial and circular, are very broad (pl. 1, fig. 5). Owing to the large size of the manubrium, the radial 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. polis aiera Mina tiait iit ARE alii RNIA NI ATER EN GE Oo nai nePba et canals are very short from the margin and their attachment to the latter, less than twice as long as broad. Their margins are very irregular, jagged, or with broad, dendritic diverticula, the exact out- lines varying from canal to canal. The margin of the circular canal is strongly jagged. Tentacles.—The most distinctive character of the species is afforded by the very large number of tentacles and by the form of their basal bulbs. In the smaller specimens there are 34 and 41 tentacles in two successive quadrants, and the total is about 150. In one of the large ones the number of interradials to the quadrant is 48, 39, 34, 41; the total about 155. And even these large numbers are not, it seems, the final ones, for there are many young tentacles in various stages of development, besides minute knobs which have just commenced their growth. As is usual in Pandeids with large numbers of ten- tacles, these organs seem to be in two ormorerows. But examination shows that this is only apparent, being due to the outward growth of the bases of the older tentacles (pl. 1, fig. 6). In (C. vesicaria the largest number of tentacles, old and young, which has ever. been recorded, is only 48, and the numerous records of that species show that even this number is seldom attained. The basal bulbs are of a characteristic outline (pl. 1, fig. 6), laterally flattened, triangular, and extending outward over the exumbrella. The bulbs of vesicaria are likewise triangular, but while in the latter species the axis of the filament lies at the inner face of the triangle, and the outward growth is in the form of a spur, in multi- cirrata the axis is opposite the center of the base of the triangle. Color—In the preserved condition, manubrium and tentacles are pale brownish-yellow. The two young specimens are interesting because they show that this species is readily distinguished from vesicaria at an early age. The gelatinous dome, contracted in the adult, is well preserved here. The other differences between them and the latter are all such as would be expected; that is, fewer tentacles and less prominent gonads. The manubrium is proportionately shorter, and its perradial attach- ments to the subumbrella do not extend so far. The gonad folds are very short, occupying only a narrow zone at the upper part of each interradial area, and the lips are simpler. On the other hand, the margins of the circular and radial canals are nearly as irregular and as complexly lobed as they are in the adult. The marginal organs consist of tentacles in every stage of develop- ment. The numbers of interradials of all sizes to the quadrant in one specimen are 25, 26, 21, 20, a total of 92, and in the other 24, 25, 24, 28, the total being 101. Of these, 41 in the former and 46 in the latter are minute knobs; and every stage is present connecting these with large tentacles, no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. D1: This stage of multicirrata is readily distinguished from vesicaria, as is the adult, by the very large number of tentacles, for in the latter, at about the same stage of sexual development, there are usually only 16-28 tentacular organs of all sizes. Furthermore, the gonads are much farther advanced in vesicaria of the same size. Family BYTHOTIARIDAE Maas, 1905. [For discussion of this family see Maas (1905, 1910) and my earlier paper (1909a).] Genus CALYCOPSIS Fewkes, 1882. The credit for pointing out that my Stbogita nauarchus is a synonym of the insufficiently described and long-forgotten Calycopsis typa Fewkes is due to Dr. A. G. Mayer (1910, p. 491), and Vanhdéffen (1911, p. 214) has likewise adopted this identification. To clinch the matter I have examined the type-specimen of Fewkes’s species, now in the United States National Museum, finding that it agrees with my material even to minor details. The following species of Calycopsis have been described: typa Fewkes (=nauarchus), sumulans Bigelow, chuni Vanhdoffen, borch- grevinkt Browne, and bigelowt Vanhdéffen, all closely allied to each other. The first three are known from large mature individuals, so that we have a fairly definite idea of their final state of development, but the last two have been described from small examples, not neces- sarily immature, however. Vanhoffen (1911) in his survey of the genus has laid especial stress on the regularity of the sexual folds and on color as specific features; but there is another character which proves of greater value, the number of tentacles and their relation to the canals. Using this as a criterion, we find that in typa and in simulans there are about as many tentacles as canals, or to be more precise, tentacles are formed first, but the corresponding canals shortly follow. Thus there are often more tentacles than canals, but apparently every tentacle is eventually associated with a canal. In chuni there are about twice as many canals as tentacles. Three specimens have been described as simulans, two from the eastern tropical Pacific, one from Bering Sea, and the latter, having 30 tentacles and only 16 canals, might seem to be an exception to the above statement. But, as I shall show, I made an error in identifying this individual as simulans; in reality it probably belonged to a new species, nema- tophora, represented in the collection by an excellent series. Vanho6ffen has united typa and simulans; and unquestionably they are more closely related to each other than is either of them to chuni. But apart from the terminations of the canals—that is, whether or not they are permanently blind in typa instead of finally joming the base of the manubrium—there is one feature, minor it is v2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 44. true, which distinguishes the Atlantic specimens of typa from their Indian Ocean representative (Vanhéffen) and from simulans; that is, the presence of a funnel-shaped apical depression in the former and its absence in the latter. I should not lay stress on this, were it not that Fewkes’s example of typa shows it very clearly. And when specimens from the same general locality, but captured some 30 years apart, have so trifling a character well developed, it can hardly be looked on as an individual variation. The probable explanation is that typa, a form of very wide distribution, has local varieties. And this is not at all an unreasonable assumption, since it is probable that Calycopsis, though belonging to the Mesoplankton, has a fixed stage. C. chuni is distinguished from typa not only by the number of tentacles, but by a less regular arrangement of the genital folds, and, according to Vanhéffen, by the red color of its tentacles. In borchgrevinki, according to both Browne (1910) and Vanhdéffen (1911), there are 8 canals, 4 radial, and 4 interradial centripetal, and up to 16 tentacles. The gonads are restricted to the upper part of the manubrium. In small specimens, 10-18 mm. high, the genital products suggest transverse folds (Vanhéffen), but in large ones, 20 mm. high, they lie in irregularly arranged pockets (Browne), though probably the difference is one of terms of description only. Vanhdéffen (1911) has suggested that borchgrevinki is a young stage of typa, stating that the restriction of the sex products to the base of the manubrium is evidence of immaturity. But this does not necessarily follow. On the contrary, the fact that all the specimens of this species agree in their general stages of development, though taken at far separated localities (south of Bouvet Island, and near Cape Adare), and especially that Browne (1910) observed large ova, as well as gonads emptied of their contents, suggests that we are dealing with a small, simply organized Antarctic species. If not, advancing development would seem to lead, not to typa, but to a stage resembling bigelowi, which agrees with borchgrevinki in having more tentacles than canals, and in the number of canals. It is true that it has more tentacles (about 48, large and small, in the one known specimen), and that the gonads are transversely folded, but both these features would naturally result from progressive develop- ment of borchgrevinki. Whether these two ‘‘species” are finally united, more extensive material alone can show. In the several species of Calycopsis so far considered, the lip, though more or less folded, has a smooth margin without projections or papillae of any kind, but in a series in the present collection it is not only extensively folded, but is studded with a marginal row of stalked nematocyst knobs, a structural character so distinctive that it alone would warrant the institution of a new species. And the structure of the gonads is likewise characteristic. In the proportionate number xo. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 23 of canals and tentacles, the new species, nematophora, falls with borch- grevinki and bigelour. The Bering Sea specimen which I referred (1909) to stmulans probably belonged to nematophora because of the numerous tentacles. Its geographic origin likewise points in that direction, but unfortunately the lip is badly damaged. CALYCOPSIS NEMATOPHORA, new species. Plate 2, fig. 8; plate 3, figs. 1-3. The series gives the following data: Small : Depth, . P Canals at} Large Station. father: Height. Flattening. margin. | tentacles. ae Total. 4785 300-0 25 None. 16 16 16 32 4785 Type. 300-0 22 Interradial. Wi 6 30 36 4766 Surface? 21 Interradial. {| pi%q |} 8 31 | 39 4763 300-0 17 Tnterradial. 16 16 27 43 4764 1130-0 20 Interradial. 16 9 33 42 4793 300-0 Diam. 29. Radial. 16 16 32 48 4766 Surface? 17 Interradial. 16 8 40 48 5028 Surface? 31, X diam. 30. Interradial. 17 16 41 57 Type.—Cat. No. 31054, U.S.N.M. At stations 4773, 338 fathoms to surface, and 4804, 229 fathoms to surface, one specimen each was taken, but thoy were too battered for counting fe tentacles. Also Bering Sea, July, 1890 (station 3307), surface, 21 specimens in alcohol, much contracted, now about 15 mm. high; Bering Sea, August, 1895 (station Hyd. 3629), surface, 4 speci- mens in alcohol, much contracted. The specimens are of the usual ‘‘Calycopsis’”’ outline, rather higher than broad except when contracted, and most of them laterally flattened. But inasmuch as the flattening may be either radial or interradial, and as one example is not flattened at all, this character is probably the result of temporary contraction or of preservation, as it is in C. typa (Bigelow, 19096). It is interesting that several of the specimens have a slight funnel- shaped apical depression. These being the best preserved examples, and those in which it is lacking being somewhat damaged in that region, it is probable that the depression is a normal feature. But it is neither as deep nor as narrow as it is in typa (Bigelow, 19098, pl. 30, fig. 1). Manubrium.—The manubrium is barrel-shaped; separable into well- defined basal, gastric, and labial portions. When expanded it is about as long as the bell cavity is deep; but in several examples it is very much contracted. Gonads.—In C. typa, C. simulans, and C. bigelowi the gonads consist of double series of very regular folds; and in C. chuni they are of the same general type though less regular (Vanhéffen, 1911). In nema- tophora they are rather different, for the two series of folds are less 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44, precise and less crowded, and they are supplemented by a number of intervening folds at least over part of the manubrium (pl. 2, fig. 8), though the gonads as a whole show considerable variation in different specimens, and even in different interradii of a given specimen. The difference between this gonad-type and that of the typa-simulans group is so striking that this character alone is sufficient to separate them. But the lip affords an even more diagnostic feature. In all the other members of the genus this structure is simple, quadrate, but slightly folded, if at all, with a smooth margin (Bigelow, 1909d). In nematophora it is extremely extensible; capable of being thrown into complex folds, and, most important, its margin is thickly set with a very large number of stalked nematocyst knobs (pl. 3, fig. 3). Canal system.—The specimens are all far advanced in development, and in most of them all the canals are united with the cruciform base of the manubrium. But in one, from station 4766, 21 mm. high, one of the 18 canals is still blind, and reaches only to about one-third the height of the bell cavity, and in another there are two very short blind canals close together (pl. 3, fig. 1). In several instances two canals unite, the union being either close to the margin or higher, and in one instance a canal bifurcates close to the margin, the two resultant trunks reuniting just below the base of the manubrium; furthermore, canals may be connected by a transverse bridge, as also happens in C. simulans (Bigelow, 19096). Evidence of the readiness with which canals may send out such branches is afforded by the fact that their margins, particularly near the circular canal, are sometimes jagged (pl. 3, fig. 1), sometimes smooth. The position of each canal corresponds to the center of a longitudinal band of subumbral muscle fibers (pl. 2, fig. 8). No such condition has ever been observed in any of the specimens of Calycopsis previously studied. Tentacles —As a rule every canal which reaches the margin of the bell is associated with a tentacle; but in the specimen noted above the two short centripetal canals bear no definite relation to the neigh- boring tentacles. This fact suggests that these canals are merely sporadic outgrowths from the circular canal, and that they would never have attained much greater length. Judging from this, we must assume either that tentacles precede canals in development or that the number of canals present, 16-18, is about the final one, and that the intermediate tentacles would never be associated with canals. The different sizes of the canalar tentacles gives us an idea of the relative ages of the canals with which they are associated. Thus in one example only 4 of the canals have large tentacles, 12 have small ones, and if we follow the series through, from the data given above, we find a specimen with 6 large and 11 small; 2 with 8 large, 8 and 10 small—that is, large and small roughly alternating (pl. 3, no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 25 fig. 1)—and 3 in which all the canals,16 in each case, are associated with large tentacles. In general, then, we may assume that after the 4 primary radial canals, 4 more, and then a third series of 4-6 more, are formed. In addition to the canalar tentacles every specimen has a large number of tentacles which alternate with the canals. In the youngest, example, age being judged by the condition of the canalar tentacles, there are only 16 of these—that is, 1 between every 2 canals. They increase irregularly in number, and in the older specimens there are” usually 2, often 3, between each pair of tentacles. The largest number is 41, in an example with 17 canals. The fact that the increase of tentacles so far outstrips that of canals— the latter, indeed, being almost stationary—indicates that the canals have probably nearly or quite attained their final number. Except for size, the tentacles are structurally all alike, there being no very young ones in any of the specimens. Each has a large terminal nematocyst knob which is spherical, instead of pear-shaped, as it is in typa. The older tentacles curve upward at first, and lie in furrows of the exumbrella, just as in other members of the genus, but the younger ones project directly from the margin, the course of develop- ment in this respect being precisely what it 1sin typa (Bigelow, 19090). Color—No color notes were made from life. After preservation the gonads are pale brownish-red. But it should be noted that specimens of typa in which these organs are a very deep chocolate in life fade to the same pale tint after preservation in formalin. The localities of capture are restricted to the Bering Sea region and the Sea of Okhotsk. Genus HETEROTIARA Maas, 1905. Two species of Heterotiara, anonyma Maas and minor Vanhéffen, have been described, and my own examination of considerable series of both (minor from the Philippines) shows that they are undoubtedly distinct. They are separated by the number of tentacles correlated with size, anonyma having 12 tentacles (or less) when adult, and reach- ing a height of 20 mm.; whereas minor has about twice as many tenta- cles, though much smaller (only about 10 mm. high). The Philip- pine series of minor will be described elsewhere. The present col- lection contains an excellent series of anonyma, a species previously known from four specimens only. HETEOTIARA ANONYMA Maas. Heterotiara anonyma Maas, 1905, p. 19, pl. 3, figs. 19-21.—BiaELow, 1909a, p.216, pl. 41, figs. 12, 13.—VanuOFFreEn, 1911, p. 211, pl. 22, figs. 3, 4. 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44. The series gives the following data: Interradial Total Station. Bat ata Height. | Diameter. tentacles per number of ideas . quadrant. tentacles. ea 4797 | 300-0 21 13 Ope aw 7 4766 (?) 18 13 0,1,0,1 6 4793 300-0 12 10 0,250 7 4767 771-0 20 15 Oe 8 4763 300-0 21 12 Te Oyseul 7 4775 200-0 13 12.5 iaiesisal 8 4759 300-0 () 12 Fig IS 10 4759 300-0 Too shriveled to study. 1 About 13 contracted. Most of the specimens are in such excellent condition that I can add some details to the previous accounts of this interesting species. The high, domed outline, with thick gelatinous substance, is char- | acteristic, as is the deep, rather narrow bell cavity. The precise pro- portions of the bell vary, but when not contracted it is always con- siderably higher than broad. The manubrium is more or less contracted in all the examples. In one specimen, in which large ova are visible, the gonads are slightly wrinkled; in three others, apparently males, the contraction takes the form of more regular folds. In all cases the sexual masses occupy the entire interradial areas, from the base of the manubrium to close to the lip; but there is no sexual development in the perradii. One specimen, the smallest, has no gonads, and in two others the manu- brium is lost. Transverse folding of the gonads, due to contraction, is also usually present in the closely allied minor. But in one of the eastern Pacific specimens of anonyma, a female, the manubrium was smooth (1909a, pl. 41, fig. 13). This fact together with the irregu- larity of the folding, is good evidence that it is not normal. Tentacles—The Siboga and the Valdivia specimens had 8 tentacles; the two eastern Pacific examples 11 and 12, respectively. Vanhoffen has suggested that the large number of tentacles in the latter was evidence that they did not belong to anonyma, but the present series shows that the number is variable, and that it varies independently of — size. Thus the two specimens 21 mm. high have only 7 tentacles each, while specimens of 13 and 20 mm. have 8, and one which, judg- ing from its diameter, was probably about 20 mm., has 10. Quadrant by quadrant, as well as from individual to individual, the tentacles vary in number. Occasionally there is no interradial tentacle in a quadrant; usually there is 1, sometimes there are 2; but a larger number has never been observed, and consequently we have reason to believe that a total of 12 is the normal limit in this species, one, however, not often attained. No young tentacles have ever been observed in anonyma; but whether this is merely a coincidence or whether it means that the final number for any individual is attained no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 27 at an early stage in growth can not be answered from the evidence yet at hand. The tentacles are as long as the bell height, or longer, when expanded, but they are usually contracted, and many of them are broken short off. Each of those which remain intact bears a spher- ical terminal nematocyst knob much as‘in H. minor. The specimens are colorless. . The previous localities for this species are the Humboldt current off the coast of Peru, the Malaysian region, and the Indian Ocean, near Nias Island. All the records are from ‘‘intermediate”’ hauls. Order LEPTOMEDUSAE. Family LAODICEIDAE, L. Agassiz, 1862 (Browne 1907). Genus STAUROPHORA Brandt, 1838. Mayer (1910), in his discussion of Stawrophora, has pointed out the necessity of comparing specimens from the Pacific with material from the Atlantic, to settle definitely whether the two are identical. This T am able to do, thanks to an example from Bering Sea, several from Prince William Sound, and Atlantic specimens from New England and from Newfoundland, with the result that I have been unable to find any differences sufficient to separate them. The recent record of S. mertenswi (‘‘lacuniata”’) by Vanhéffen (1911) from the Indian Ocean is very interesting, not only in extending the range of the species from the Arctic to the Tropics, but also for bear- ing on the Staurophora described by Browne (1902, 1908) from the Falkland Islands, S. falklandica. This species is evidently a close relative of mertensii, the only difference being that the small tentacles of the single specimen lack ocelli, and it is very desirable that more extensive material of falklandica be studied to show whether, as Mayer suggests, the small (young) tentacles might develop ocelli later. Hardly any species would have been more of a surprise in the Tropics, because many years’ observations have shown that Siaurophora is limited to cold waters in its distribution along the American and European coasts of the north Atlantic. But Vanhéffen had North Sea specimens at hand for comparison. STAUROPHORA MERTENSII Brandt. Staurophora mertensti BRANDT, 1838, p. 400, pls. 24, 25. Staurophora laciniata L. AGassiz, 1849, p. 300, pl. 7, figs. 1-15. Staurostoma arctica HAECKEL, 1879, p. 149. (For further synonymy, and a full discussion of the genus and species, see Mayer, 1910, p. 291.) Dutch Harbor, May 25, surface; 4 young specimens, 8-15 mm. in diameter. 298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44. Prince William Sound, Alaska; 5 large specimens, 50-60 mm. in diameter; in fragments. Although the large specimens are broken into segments, both they and the small ones are in good anatomical condition, and I have been able to compare them with Atlantic examples of corresponding sizes, without finding anything to separate them. Genus PTYCHOGENA A. Agassiz. Six “species” of Ptychogena are now known, among which the Arctic P. lactea is distinguished by the great breadth and shortness of its gonads and by the regularity and length of the diverticula of the radial canals along which they are developed. In adults of this species the sexual mass as a whole is about as broad as it is long, and it is restricted to the middle 4 of the radial canals; while in all the other species—that is, longigona Maas, erythrogonon Bigelow, califor- nica Torrey, hertwigit Vanh6ffen, and antarctica Browne—it is spindle- shaped. None of the latter species is known from more than a few specimens, and it is possible that some of them may be found to merge into one another. The collection contains a series which differ from dactea only in having fewer tentacles than were described first by A. Agassiz, and as the gonads show that they are less advanced in development than any of the specimens of that species yet recorded, and as the series shows that tentacle-number increases with growth, I have no hesitation in referring them to lactea. PTYCHOGENA LACTEA A. Agassiz. Ptychogena lactea A. AGassiz, 1865, p. 137, figs. 220-224. (For synonymy, see Mayer, 1910, p. 215.) Station 4767, 771-0 fathoms; 1 specimen. Station 4769, 244-0 fathoms; 1 specimen, 30 mm. in diameter. Station 4793, 300-0 fathoms; 1 specimen, 30 mm. in diameter. Station 4803, 299-0 fathoms; 1 specimen. Station 5030, 300-0 fathoms; 1 specimen, 45 mm. in diameter. Station 5043, 300-0 fathoms; 1 specimen. These stations are all in Bering Sea and in the Sea of Okhotsk, except for 5043, which is off the east coast of Hokkaido, Japan. The specimens are more or less flattened and the margins are damaged; otherwise they are in good condition. The descriptions by Agassiz (1865) and by Haeckel (1881, ‘‘pinnulata”’) are so com- plete that the only points needing discussion here are the changes which the gonads undergo with growth and the number of marginal organs. Gonads.—In the largest specimen, a female, 45 mm. in diameter, the gonads are large and full of large ova. A view from the exumbrella no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 29 side agrees very well with Haeckel’s figure (1881, pl. 2, fig. 1), the folds and the corresponding transverse diverticula of the radial canals being very regular, about 20 on each side, and so long that the organ as a whole is of a broad oval form; it occupies little more than the central 4 of the canal. The free subumbrellar edges of the folds are neither scalloped, as Haeckel represented them, nor per- fectly smooth, as in A. Agassiz’s figure, but sometimes smooth, some- times irregularly wavy or lobed; that is, they are intermediate between the two extremes, as were Linko’s examples from Barents Sea. A much contracted specimen, now about 30 mm. in diameter, has younger gonads, with only about 15 folds on each side, and the folds so much shorter that the whole organ is lanceolate. A still earlier stage is to be seen in the specimen from station 4793, likewise 30 mm. in diameter, but fully expanded, so that this is about life size, and this specimen is especially instructive, for two of the gonads illus- trate as many successive steps in development. In the younger the radial canal is somewhat dilated in the region of the future sex organ, and there are eight or nine short lateral branches on each side— the proximal ones minute, the more distal longer. The gonad tissue is, so far, only a slight thickening of the walls of the diverticula. In a further developed gonad there are about twice as many lateral branches on each side of the radial canal, the ones in the middle being the longest, the proximal ones obviously more recently formed, and the sexual thickenings now extend from the distal end to the mid- region. Tentacles and cordyli.—In the youngest specimen there are 13, 11, and 9 subradial tentacles, in three successive quadrants—that is, a total of about 50; and from 1-8, usually 4 or 5, cordyli between each pair of tentacles, with about 40 in the only quadrant in which they could be counted, or a total of about 160. In the somewhat older specimen with intermediate gonads there are 11 and 16 tentacles in two quadrants, and in the latter the tentacles are crowded. In the largest and oldest specimen the number of tentacles is much greater. In two quadrants there are 27 and 32—that is, a probable total of about 125, of various sizes, some obviously very young; and the presence of a considerable number of minute tentacular knobs sug- gests that a much greater number of tentacles would have been attained eventually. There are from 1-3, often 2, cordyli between every two tentacles or knobs; thus the number of cordyli does not. keep pace in its increase with that of tentacles. In Haeckel’s speci- mens, 50-60 mm. in diameter in alcohol, but no doubt still larger in life, there were 200-300 tentacles, with about the same number of cordyli; and in the large examples described by A. Agassiz (1865) the cordyli alternate with the very numerous tentacles, 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 44, Whether or not the bases of the tentacles are laterally compressed depends on how crowded they are; in our intermediate specimen they are noticeably flattened, in the largest hardly at all so. This may be partly individual variation, partly accidental. The previous records of P. lactea are from Massachusetts Bay (A. Agassiz), off the coast of Nova Scotia (Haeckel), between Iceland and Ireland (Haeckel), west coast of Greenland (Levinsen), and Barents Sea (Linko). Family MITROCOMIDAE Haeckel (Torrey, 1909; Browne, 1910). Family LAFOEIDAE Maas (1905). Mayer (1910) does not recognize the structure of the sense organs as a family character; but like Maas (1905), Torrey (1909), and Browne (1910), I believe that the group characterized by open sense- pits in the velum is a natural one, and, as Torrey has pointed out, the best available name is Mitrocomidae. Among the interesting ‘“‘finds” of the collection is the discovery that the large conspicuous medusa so common in Puget Sound, first described by A. Agassiz as Laodice cellularia, and recently redescribed from mature specimens by Murbach and Shearer (1903) as Thau- mantias cellularia, has open sense pits in the velum, and therefore is not a Thaumantias at all, but belongs to the Mitrocomidae. But it does not fit in any of the genera of the family recognized by Browne (1910), for though it has numerous sense pits without ocelli, like Mitrocoma, it differs from the latter in lacking marginal cirri. And inasmuch as there are at least four species of J/itrocoma, as well as one of Mitrocomella with cirri, the difference warrants the establishment of a new genus, Halistaura. Except for the sense-organs, our series agrees with the earlier accounts of cellularia even to minute details. HALISTAURA, new genus. : Mitrocomidae with 4 radial canals; with numerous open sensory pits; without marginal cirri. Type.—Halistaura cellularia A. Agassiz. HALISTAURA CELLULARIA (A. Agassiz). Laodice cellularia A. AGAssiz, 1865, p. 127, figs. 195, 196. Thaumantias cellularia HaAECKEL, 1879, p. 129.—Mursacu and SHEARER, 1903) p. 172, pl. 17, fig. 2, 25.—Mayer, 1910, p. 199. Station 4754, off Southern Alaska, October, 1905, surface; 7 speci- mens40-50mm.indiameter. Alsoseveralspecimens from Puget Sound. None of the specimens are perfect, most of them being flattened out, but several of them are in sufficiently good anatomical condition for individual quadrants of the margin to be studied. The descriptions of this species by L. Agassiz and by Murbach and Shearer cover two successive stages in its development, the former no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. St being of specimens about 30 mm. in diameter, with a hundred tenta- cles, the latter of ones 50-90 mm. broad, with about 340 tentacles. The present series is intermediate between the two: 35-50 mm. in diameter, with 69-81 tentacles to the quadrant, a total of from 200-250. The earlier accounts are so detailed and the figures so satisfactory that there is little to be added, except an account of the otocysts. I may note, however, that a very short manubrium, with long, crenulated lips, gonads extending over most of the length of the radial canals, swollen cylindrical tentacular bulbs, and entire absence of cirri, prove to be constant characters. The present specimens are flatter than those previously recorded, but the difference may be due to preserva- tion. Sense pits—The sense pits are not associated with ocelli, thus resembling those of Cosmetira and Mitrocoma, and differing from the corresponding organs in Tvaropsis. For this reason, and because, at least in formalin material, they lack otocysts which might attract attention by their high refrangibility, they are very easily overlooked. Indeed, it was not until I examined a specimen under the compound microscope that I suspected their presence, although they are so large that once located their ‘“‘open”’ nature is easily made out with a hand lens. Their inconspicuous nature is of course the reason that they were not observed by earlier students. As in Mitrocoma, they are simple pits or pockets in the velum, the opening being on the subumbrella side, lying close to the marginal ring. Their number is variable; in one quadrant (with 79 tentacles) there were six, in another (81 tentacles) only three; in a third, six in the two-thirds which is intact, and in one quadrant, which was well preserved, I could find none. I could not count them over the whole margin of any specimen. Judging from these quadrants, we may assume, tentatively, a total of 12-24. Structurally the pits closely resemble these of Mitrocoma (O. and R. Hertwig, 1878, pl. 7, fig. 14), except that no otoliths could be found. As is seen in cross section the pits are flatter than a hemisphere, and the exumbrellar ectoderm covering them consists of high, columnar cells, which merge into the much smaller cells of the exumbral surface of the velum at the outer margin, while centrally they merge into the marginal ring. 2 ate Sle si/als g| |% eld B/Sig a} |x aie bed = 3 8/3 /s 4 | I'S elie p a g E sIS|2laig SIZi/H]d}ag}o Epa | d = qj 2 £)Sis Blelelalelaia/Sisiei8) /siSisisisisis alala/a|/4 Soin |e | Pls /al/s)2 ND) al. elolo|le o) I mM RIO | bm Bid nm = g Blo; ofel(VQlal Ble] Yi elaisig Fa Alig g S) BlelelCleloiSiSl/Sl/Si(SlElsiele leis ele SIS/S\/SISiS(SlSi\SISISlSl|klalolsl|sisie HIVIDalMinalolAIMIFIDAIZIOIIIZIZIDpigla 1. MEDUSAE. OTH DYENCEDS 28 sae soe aanicee casera saele=| acl eciece|a4|eealee = > Nr We. 4 a8 = SONS OA MIA St ose ee Pe ae NE Aa ace See Sea SASH. | Raleeeh oe SONS FEDONIE aaa sino ajc k eset ane (pace Br na) ee Ee) ee ee DOCOMO DTOUSEr 2555 ota ote eee eae oe alee sate wee SCUPPINS. ASSl Seae a I ER ee Bougainvillea superciliaris..............|---|---|---|---]---|--- MTS PSST SE 1 CHS | Cee Bougainvillea bougainvillei.............|.--|---]---|---]---|--- vel Poa fae oa ro ares 8 Rathkea blumenbachii..................|--- Boel Hod S20) os (Soa)Se xX|X|X1xX[xX]|xX|xX Meator Tubatrasssean soo ee Se See |e Wee ETS ees eae eT ee (PONGER TUDES ne ects sain totes EBs sek oe late sine es peel be Catablema vesicaria .... - x|xX Catablema multicirrata - hee a dhe Calycopsis nematophora. Dealt Heterotiara anonyma..............---.- A Be lags) [iael ae all 3 Ae poate Proboscydactyla flavicirrhata............|.--|---|---|---|---|--- < BF | Se ed Pee 2 Pee Lee be Tharopstsidiademata sa. Sek 2 eee) SRE Vee Sei sora) See cll | eeerall ee rolf OU Ome a te ate pa Pil (i oa MRR Ed ULOTANGINUUICONG Se. onc ee ee Cee eee eel sees eet eral eercll she Bs Bae) ee ey et eel relis f)s).i [2 Staurophora mertensii..............---- gi oe ee ae Fy | be-Sh I>. <1 [4 (> 4] BS oo PHchogend lacked. S25 ee a eae | aaa} OS eee Nal erste | sie at Aa PONG sali ace Xa XG SC Neal cee a Gonionemus vertens var. depressum. ....|--- 4 Sad Sci Reelbss sae >| Asal Bsel bs peel ee} 52} bee A Agiantha digitale. oo. 5. ence eee Rese De) b> ff >. >. |e Ed On, Crossota brunnea var. norvegica.........|---]---|---|---;--- See ~ DE Ree eel ead irae | ine | 2 PLUCROGUSITIC DPOLRTISt eee 8 eee eee aes |omal oe } see eee eee eel eee x > li [o> fad ES PSS [eel |S | [See PANRLAChOgOWURGECK EN a eee a eee ee seems oae| see leete > Si A Iba Ion SGiiSe ARAL ga]. Seer sa] ee Botrynema ellinordesscces osonise oe cee oe eal el oce| seetaes |es| sole es > 4) See et ae SK | ce 8] cake cans lee ee ea eee Halicreas papillosum..........-.-.---- Sl le Gl ie Bi i ect > Se (Seal aes es Mile dels |beele © nee al acre tesa Solmissusincisa. 0c -deee cere ees. Bopha aes x Pee) peed Teen Wen ici aU [eee tn Aleginopsis laurentii. tooo nee ee feta eal = ae aise DG 41 WS | Fag Wad | 34. eee) Sam Bad loos Cee Halictystus stejnegert.. 525-228 22 2055 22 |Eee |e. - >| Fee Pe oat Nay) Vr al nr eal P| el = = Ge pd taht capt a yarer: sen aia] Kal = aE DIPS oor |S] Boel fete | Lrs |le< Aloe wyvilernonte a Meee ne eee De san lense nl coat oeele ned abe Sh 6 Cyanea capillata var. capillata xX) X|X |x| xX] KIX] xX I---]---/--- Cliyysaorathelvola/2: 3 55.c..seeeee eon ees x Bes) PSS [Re faa Ret aan Chrysaora melanaster . x | bss =| eee Pelagia species. ......-. x -|--- x) X| xX Aurelia aurita.....-...- =. Xx x -Y xXIX|X |X] xX] x 2. SIPHONOPHORAE. Rosubes Mhicttas -155 25 $3 Sess then og na) (ae || Se SUAS hes ea S| is besa Seeleoc a Sah a Cal aie Vogtia pentacantha ...........--------- eee [eG ae a al | ee SCilcocleeelesclaet lace oorl sccls se] Gxieem PAipnyesiarctionsiiith2 2. ALS oases. sae Shae K | KK Pe - eafei- = XL PeAIDS PM Rie ecls<.- XK dss slo weber Diphyesdruncata.... i jantraceees nies HESS lee cll Ae all sss al ecscall ee ll (aa Fes ie ses MO caclan slow cle ce lone |ioN ae The most striking thing illustrated by the table is the paucity of a peculiar Bering Sea fauna, if indeed there be any. Thus there are only two Craspedotae so far known from Bering Sea, the neighborhood no, 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 103 of the Aleutians, and the Sea of Okhotsk alone, that is, Meator rubatra and Calycopsis nematophora, both described here for the first time. And though the second may fairly be assumed to be restricted to the Bering Sea region, because it is a surface species and has not been taken elsewhere although the genus to which it belongs is widely distributed, the first is certainly a member of the mesoplankton, for which reason it is unsafe to assume that it will not prove to be much more widely distributed than now appears, when the bathy- metric province to which it belongs is better known. “The same is true of Pandea rubra, recorded from Bering Sea and from off the coast of British Columbia, and it is questionable whether the single Scyphomedusae peculiar to the Bering Sea region, Haliclystus stejnegert Kishinouye, is really separable from H. auricula. The remaining species are easily classified as to their relationships, systematic and geographic. In the first place, there are four ‘‘inter- mediate’’ cosmopolitan species, belonging that is, to the mesoplank- ton, Halicreas papillosum, Aeginura grimaldu, Pervphylla hyacinthina, Atolla wyvillei, and one cosmopolitan surface form, Aurelia aurita, while two others, Solmissus incisa and Aegina rosea, if not cosmo- politan, are at least widely distributed both in the Atlantic and in the Indo-Pacific. Then one, Bougainvillea bougainvillei, is probably identical with the other member of the same genus mentioned in the list, B. superciliaris. Sarsia princeps, S. eximia, Hybocodon prolifer, Bougainvillea superciliaris, Rathkea blumenbachii, Catablema vesicaria, Tiaropsis diademata, Eutonina indicans, Staurophora mertensii, Ptychogena lactea, Aglantha digitale, Pantachogon haeckeli, Botrynema ellunorae, Aeginopsis laurentui, Haliclystus, and Cyanea capillata var. capillata, are characteristic members of the medusa fauna of the boreal Atlantic, or of the Arctic Ocean; Aurelia limbata probably occurs in Greenland waters (Vanh6ffen, 1902a) and Sarsia japon- ica may be identical with an Arctic species, S. flammea, while Cata- blema multicirrata is a member of a genus which, as here defined, is known only from the boreal Atlantic and from the Arctic Ocean. Six species, on the other hand, clearly have an Indo-Pacific origin. These are Heterotiara anonyma, which is widely distributed in the intermediate depths of the Indo-Pacific, but is not known from the Atlantic; Proboscydactyla flavicirrata, a Pacific species which finds its closest ally in the only other member of the genus, ornata,! one or other variety of which is recorded from various localities in the tropical Atlantic and the Pacific and Indian Oceans; Gonionemus vertens var. depressum, which is represented in the north Atlantic by a close ally; and Chrysaora helvola, which is so far known only from the two sides of the northwestern Pacific, though it is certainly 1T have recently examined two excellent specimens of flavicirrata from Puget Sound, finding that the mode of branching of the canal agrees very well with Brandt’s (1838) figure; this separates them, as I sup- posed (19090), from ornata. 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, very close to the Atlantic C. hysoscela, if indeed it is separable from it at all. @. melanaster, too, is so far known only from the north- western Pacific; and the Pelagia is a representative of a tropical and subtropical genus, a casual visitor from the south. A Thus, as might have been expected on oceanographic grounds, it is evident that the medusa fauna of the Bering Sea region has been recruited from two directions, there being a constituent from the warmer waters of the Pacific on the one hand and, on the other, a more important one, numerically, from the cold Arctic waters, which must have entered Bering Sea by way of Bering Straits. Most of the leptoline species of northern origin are known from the region extending from Cape Cod to southern Labrador, while one, Eutonina socialis, occurs in the North Sea; that is, they are boreal rather than purely Arctic, though several are known from Arctic stations; and this is what we might have expected, for in summer the temperature of the surface waters of the southern part of Bering Sea is from 50° to 57°; that is, about as warm as the waters of the northern parts of the Gulf of Maine on the New England coast and considerably warmer than the surface waters of the Labrador current off Labrador. And for this same reason it is probable that collec- tions made during the late summer would contain a greater number of southern species, for the Fisheries steamer Albatross records are limited to May and the early part of June. The Bering Sea list includes four siphonophores, all long-known species. One of them, Diphyes arctica, previously recorded only from Arctic and boreal regions (19J16), was taken regularly on the present cruise in cold waters, but was entirely absent in the warm waters of the Eastern Sea and of Kuro shiro. Like the Arctic and boreal medusae, it probably reached the Bering Sea region from the north, 1. e, by way of Bering Straits. But, as Doctor Moser, who is now working on the siphonophores of the German South Polar Expe- dition, writes me that the Gauss took it in many localities, further discussion of its distribution is best postponed until her data is * published. The three other siphonophores are all species of wide distribution in both Atlantic and Indo-Pageific, Rosacea plicata.and Diphyes trun- cata being known from tropical as well as from temperate stations and Vogtia pentacantha from the Bay of Biscay and from the Medi- terranean. But as none of them has ever been recorded from Are- tic temperatures, it is safe to assume that they colonized Bering Sea from the south. They were all taken there so regularly that they are to be considered characteristic members of its pelagic fauna. The collection suggests the probability that certain species of medusae belonging to intermediate depths may be confined to Arctic- boreal regions; a generalization of great zoogeographic interest if it no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 105 proves to be well founded. This tentative conclusion (of course it may have to be modified) is based on the occurrence of Pantachogon haeckeli and of Crossota brunnea var. norvegica. If these species had been represented by only a few scattered captures, we might well hesi- tate to use them as instances of geographic range; but both were taken in considerable numbers at 10 stations each, and the regularity of their distribution is striking when we observe that only 14 hauls with the intermediate net from 300 fathoms were made south of the Shumagin Islands, in Bering Sea and in the Sea of Okhotsk, in 11 of which one or other of the two species was taken (in six hauls the two were taken, together; each was likewise taken in the trawl). On the other hand, both were conspicuously absent in the intermediate hauls made in Japanese waters, nor are they represented in the extensive collections made by the Albatross off the coasts of Cal- fornia, British Columbia, and southern Alaska, which have passed through my hands. In the Atlantic, too, these two species have been taken only at far northern stations, though the expeditions of the National, of the Valdivia, and of the Prince of Monaco might have been expected to reveal them in the warmer parts of the Atlantic were they as common there as in Bering Sea, or as are such genera as Halicreas, Periphylla, and Atolla. And the fact that P. haeckeli is represented by a distinct, though allied, species, scotti, in the Antarctic and C. brunnea var. norvegica by a recognizable variety in tropical regions, is also strong evidence that the two are restricted to northern regions. The collection made by the Michael Sars, now being studied by Doctor Broch, may throw further light on this sub- ject, but we are probably safe in assuming that both Pantachogon and Crossota entered Bering Sea from the north. Botrynema ellinorae is likewise known only from “intermediate” hauls in Bering Sea and in the Arctic Ocean; but the records of its captures are too few to warrant the assumption, that it is confined to high latitudes, while the fact that its close ally, brucei, is Antarctic, suggests that the genus, at least, will be found in the deeper water layers of low latitudes. It is not improbable that the two new ‘“‘intermediate’”’ species, Pandea rubra and Meator rubatra, may belong to the same category, for their occurrence in the northwestern Pacific closely parallels that of Pantachogon and Crossota; but, as pointed out above, it is best to suspend judgment on this point for the present. We can not trace the cold water medusae southward along the west and east sides of the northwestern Pacific as well as we could wish, because we know very little about the medusae of the Ameri- can, coast between, the Aleutians and Puget Sound. But the collec- tions from the latter region, recorded by A. Agassiz (1865) and by Murbach and Shearer (1903), and a series in the Museum of Com- 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, parative Zoology collected by Professor Kincaid, give a fair idea, though certainly far from a complete survey, of its medusa fauna. The combined list from Puget Sound, coast of Washington, and southern British Columbia, is as follows: Sarsia rosaria. Halistaura cellularia. Sarsia eximia. Phialidium gregarium. Stomotoca atra. Aequorea aequorea. Neoturris brevicornis. Gonionemus vertens. Catablema multicirrata. Aglantha digitale. Bougainvillea bougainvillei. Cyanea arctica (colorless var.). Proboscydactyla flavicirrhata, Dactylometra species? Polyorchis penicillatum. Chrysaora helvola. Polyorchis minuta. Phacellophora species? Melicertwm georgicum. Aurelia aurita. Staurophora mertensit. Likewise the siphonophores, Diphyes appendiculata, Physalia, Porpita, and Velella; and the present collection contains specimens of Hetero- tiara anonyma and Crossota pedunculata taken in intermediate hauls off British Columbia. The general character of this list differs from that of Bering Sea by the appearance of the very noticeable genera Polyorchis, Halistaura, Dactylometra, and by the tropical siphonophores Physalia, Porpita, and Velella, while the dark-colored Cyanea of the north is replaced by a colorless variety, of which I have seen examples. At the same time seven of the Bering Sea species are also known from the Puget Sound region, while it would not be surprising to find Sarsia rosaria (2? tubulosa), Melicertum, and Phialidium in Bering Sea, judging from the occurrence of these genera in the north Atlantic. As we pass southward from the Puget Sound region, we find only a few scattered records of medusae until we reach San Diego. And somewhere in this long stretch the cold-water species which compose the great bulk of the medusa fauna of Bering Sea entirely disappear, the most southerly record for any of them on the surface being Fewkes’s (1889) capture of Hybocodon prolifer at Santa Barbara, though the northern Aglantha digitale is represented by a distinct variety in the intermediate depths of the tropical Pacific (1909a). The only Leptomedusa known to be common to San Diego and to Bering Sea is the cosmopolitan Aeguorea aequorea, and even in this case it is doubtful whether it is represented by the same variety. On the western side of the Pacific the available data is more exten- sive, thanks to the collections from Japan recorded by Maas (1909) and by Kishinouye (1902, 1910), and to the Fisheries steamer Albatross series from the southern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, a virgin field, and the Eastern Sea south of Japan. The species taken in the Sea of Okhotsk are Sarsia japonica, Calycopsis nematophora, Ptycho- gena lactea, Tima saghalinensis, Aglantha digitale, Crossota brunnea, no, 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 107 var. norvegica, Pantachogon haeckeli, Halicreas papillosum, Periphylla hyacinthina, Aurelia limbata, and the siphonophore Vogtia pentacantha; all, except the Tima, also taken in Bering Sea; and the one exception may be expected to turn up there, as it is a new species known only from one record. Cyanea capillata, Aurelia limbata, Staurophora mertensit, and the genus Chrysaora are also known from the southern end of Sakhalin Island, besides the genera Urashimea, Nemopsis, and Polyorchis, recorded by Kishinouye. Eight of the Bering Sea medusae are known from the Kurile Islands, among them the typical cold-water forms Staurophora mertensii, Aglantha digitale, the dark-colored variety of Cyanea capillata, Aurelia limbata, and Diphyes arctica; but on the other hand, the eudoxid of Nectopyramis diomedae, a species previously recorded only from the tropical Pacific, was likewise taken off the Kurile Islands, but it is known from so few captures that it can not be assigned to any definite temperature zone. Catablema multicirrata, Chrysaora helvola, Sarsia tubulosa, Phacellophora ambigua, and the peculiar Stauromedusa Thaumatoscyphus have likewise been recorded from the Kuriles by Kishinouye. In examining the records of the Albatross from the Sea of Japan we are confronted by the rather surprising fact that although the intermediate 5-foot net and the small plankton nets were used at 15 of the 86 trawling stations occupied, medusae were taken in only 3 hauls. Only four species of medusae were taken; i. e., Liriope tetraphylla, Aglaura hemistoma, Aglantha digitale, Dactylometra paci- fica, and three siphonophores, Rosacea plicata, Diphyes arctica, and D. truncata; while the only previous records which I have been able to find are that of Aeginopsis laurent, by Haeckel (1879) and Parumbrosa polylobata by Kishinouye (1910). The apparent absence of the smaller surface medusae might perhaps be credited to their being overlooked in the mixed plankton; but we can not account in this way for the failure to find any of the larger red “intermediate” genera, as for example, Atolla, Periphylla, Aeginura, because they are made exceedingly conspicuous by their color. And as none of them were taken, it is fair to assume that the scarcity of the medusae on the Sea of Japan is a real, not an apparent phenomenon. ' The short list includes three warm water members, Aglaura, Tiriope, Dactylometra, and two cold water ones, Aglantha and Diphyes arctica, with two, Rosacea plicata and Diphyes truncata, which are probably cosmopolitan; and data of the specimens shows that Aglaura and Lariope were taken on the surface, while Aglantha and Diphyes were encountered only in intermediate hauls, the difference in bathy- metric range being well illustrated by the coincidence that Aglaura 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44, was taken on the surface close by the spot where the two cold water species were brought up from the deeper waters, the surface tempera- tures being 77°-80°, that at 245 fathoms 33.1°. Haeckel’s record of Aeginopsis unfortunately gives neither the date, whether winter or summer, por the exact locality. And both of these are of im- portance, because in summer the surface temperatures of the Sea of Japan range from about 60° (northern end) to about 80° (Korea Channel); while in winter the surface waters of its northern half, between Hokkaido and the Siberian coast, are cooled to 45° or less. In the portion of the Eastern Sea south of the Straits of Korea traversed by the Albatross, the hauls brought to light an abundant harvest of medusae, the species taken near the Goto Islands, off Kagoshima Gulf, and off Kyushiu Island being— 1. MEDUSAE. Turritopsis nutricula. Geryonia proboscidalis. Aequorea pensile. Solmundella bitentaculata. Olindioides formosa. Periphylla hyacinthina. Aglaura hemistoma. Nausithoé punctata. Rhopalonema velatum. Atolla wyvillei. Colobonema typicum. Pelagia panopyra. Crossota alba. Sanderia malayensis. Liriope tetraphylla. Parumbrosa polylobata. 2. SIPHONOPHORAE. Rosacea plicata. Diphyes truncata. Nectodroma reticulata. Diphyes appendiculata. Hippopodius hippopus. Diphyes contorta. Vogtia pentacantha. Diphyes spiralis. Abylopsis tetragona. Diphyopsis dispar. Bassia bassensis. Diphyopsis mitra. Clausophyes galatea. Diphyopsis chamissonis. Galeolaria australis. Agalma okeni. Galeolaria monoica. Archangelopsis typica. Chuniphyes multidentata. Porpita pacifica. The list is essentially tropical, as might have been expected from the surface temperatures (83°-85°) at the season the collection was gathered, all the surface medusae being known from the tropical parts of the Pacific or Indian Oceans, except Turritopsis nutriculata, Olindioides, and Parumbrosa polybata, the last two known only from Japan. All the siphonophores, except Vogtia pentacantha, are known from the tropical Pacific, or from the Malaysian region, while most of them are characteristic of the warmer regions of all three great oceans. During the summer months, when the southeastern coasts of Japan are bathed by the warm Kuro Shiro current, the tropical holoplanktonic coelenterate fauna extends northward along the coast of Nipon, at least as far as Suruga and Sagami Bays, where \ no. 1946. PACIFIC MEDUSAE AND SIPHONOPHORAE—BIGELOW. 109 the combined records of Kishinouye (1902, 1910), Maas (1909), Doflein (1906), and the Fisheries steamer Albatross, have revealed the following tropical species: Cytaeis vulgaris, Clavula papua, Proboscydactyla ornata, Phialidium pacificum, P. discoida, Aequorea pensile, Liriope tetraphylla, Geryonia proboscidalis, Rhopalonema velatum, Aglaura hemistoma, Solmundella, Cunina peregrina, Charybdea rastonii, Pelagia panopyra, Sanderia malayensis, Dactylometra pacifica, Thysano- stoma thysanura and Mastigias papua, with the following siphono- phores, ceensoaec cick 3e ochrifex Dyar (4). Jf? Abdomen dark brown throughout. ...........-.index Dyar (5). d? Discal mark of fore wing of male clouded, solid, or obsolete. e! Feet rosy red or rosy tinged. J Wings pale rosy; abdomen black dorsally... .margarita Dognin. Jf? Wings brown; abdomen not black dorsally. g' Hind wing with ocherous tint at base of inner margin. dalina Schaus. g’ Hind wing without such tint, more or less rosy. i} Abdomen of male with ocherous hairs dorsally. 7 Outer band of fore wing of male shaded outward toward subterminal line . .. .rubrifrons Schaus. 7 Outer band not so shaded, though sometimes lost in the general suffusion. j Female with the lateral and terminal abdom- inal tufts dark brown; male larger, fore wing falcate, marks contrasting. ..alinda Druce. 7? Female with lateral and terminal abdominal tufts black; male smaller, fore wing a little less faleate, marks contrasting. cressida Dyar (29). j® Female with the abdominal tufts ocher; male smaller; fore wing scarcely falcate, marks plied ...'26. 2). S232 euphemia Dyar (30). h? Abdomen of male with rosy brown hairs only, like tive thoras tt yee. Sa eee multiplex Schaus. e? Feet without any rosy tint. J? Lines of fore wing appearing dark on a paler ground. g' Outer line of fore wing broad, shaded, illy defined or nearly lost in the ground color. h' Outer line broad, shaded. i! Hind wing of male with the two lines alike, joined by shading, forming a broad dark band. pollex Dyar (6). 7 Hind wing of male with the two lines alike, re- mote, separated.............- valvex Dyar (7). 7? Hind wing of male with the inner line heavier and more distinct than the outer. .wmbrata Schaus. h? Outer line not of this character, but nearly lost in the general dark shading. Male nnleidwit 2. Oso csc eee ene terranea Schaus. # Male with the two outer lines of hind wing near the margin, fairly distinct, their pale inter- spaces giving the appearance of two pale lines. murex Dyar (8). No, 1947. NEW SPECIES OF SATURNIAN MOTHS—DYAR. 123 A Ra Male with the lines of hind wing very indistinct, more remote from the margin and without contrasting interspaces. j' Fore wing below smooth mouse gray, the veins concolorous....... ascodex Dyar (9). j? Fore wing below rough gray, blotched with blackish; veins dark lined - leilex Dyar (10). g’ Outer line of fore wing distinct, straight, more or less nar- row and not diffused. h' Abdomen of male black above, gray below, the anal tuft pale ocherous............. murmur Dyar (11). h? Abdomen of male with numerous dark ocherous hairs at least on sides and venter. v' Discal spot predominant, large and distinct, while the other markings are slender and reduced. indurata Dyar. # Discal spot not predominant, though often large. §' Outer line on fore wing of male broad. k' Inner line of hind wing of male crossing the discal venules; no discal mark. ' Male with the abdomen black dor- eS ee oratex Dyar (12). # Abdomen with ocherous hairs dor- sally. m Outer line on hind wing crenu- late, defining a pale lilacine submarginal space. coéx Dyar (13). m? Outer line of hind wing shaded; no lilacine ground. rex Dyar (14). # Inner line of hind wing of male passing without the discal venules. @ Hind wing with large discal spot. orbifex Dyar (15). # Hind wing with slender mark on discal venules, or none. m' Submarginal space of fore wing in male distinctly marked, the pale lilacine shade sharply defined and broken before apex. n'Lines of hind wing slender, parallel; no discal mark. remex Dyar (16) n* Lines of hind wing broader, the outer subcrenulate; a faint narrow discal mark. livex Dyar (17). m* Submarginal space of fore wing in- distinctly marked, the pale li- lacine shade diffused, not broken before apex. 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 44. n} Fore wing with broader outer band, shading outwardly. liturez Dyar (18). w*Fore wing with narrower band, sharply defined with- (0) | AE molpex Dyar (19). 9? Outer line on fore wing of male narrow, linear. k! Wings lilacine tinted. t! Outer line of fore wing straight; hind wing subtriangular- /falcifera Hiibner. l? Outer line broadly inflexed; hind wing full, rounded....mortifex Dyar (20). k2 Wings brown tinted. 1+ Hind wing beneath with the lines straight, approximate, the inner stronger than the outer. nigricans Berg. @?Hind wing beneath with the lines similar to each other, faint, remote, Curved . Sci. 24> lolamex Dyar (21). j? Lines of fore wing appearing pale on a dark ground. g! Abdomen of male with dark ocherous hairs dorsally. h} Fore wing rosy. 71 Outer and submarginal lines of fore wing indicated. coinopus Dyar. i? Outer and submarginal lines lost; discal mark PYOMINENE\ chyna ae eee oe continua Walker. h? Fore wing without predominant rosy tint. i! Subterminal pale shade as prominent as the other lines. ji Hind wing appearing to have two curved dark lines on a paler ground. kt Abdomen of male with dense ocher hairs. 1' Abdomen of female dark with few ocher hairs. m'Wings distinctly marked; size darper 23. 4e'ceet ee canitia Stoll. m* Wings indistinctly marked; size smaller........ inficita Walker.* 1? Abdomen of female densely ocher- haired like the male. schaust Dyar (22). k! Abdomen of male gray with very few ocher | 2h eae gee ae eee» pauper Dyar (23). j? Hind wing appearing to have a single curved pale line on a dark ground, or unbanded. k! Discal mark of fore wing clouded, dark, visible; hind wing with single pale band. 1Asidentified by Schaus from Costa Rican specimens. Probably not the true injicita Walker from Brazil. NO. 1947. NEW SPECIES OF SATURNIAN MOTHS—DYAR. 125 l'Smaller; costa of fore wing dark- blotched; wings narrower; abdomi- nal hairs dark ocher. mystica Dyar (24). 1? Larger; costa of fore wing concolorous; wings broader and more rounded; abdominal hairs brown, scarcely ocherous 24 ..5..53 2 athlia Dyar (25). k? Discal mark of fore wing invisible, con- colorous; hind wing with only the margin |S) se SR cedomnibus Dyar (26). 4? Subterminal pale shade faint, subordinated. j‘ Pale lines of fore wing relieved on a dark ground without bordering shades, somewhat approxi- mate below...) ve2255.4.- vindex Dyar (27). 9° Pale lines of fore wing with inner blackish bordering shades, strongly approximated WelOWeiss teat eses ck eeree solvex Dyar (28). g? Abdomen of male without ocherous hairs dorsally. _ } Abdomen with lateral and ventral ocherous hairs. Srigida Schaus. h? Abdominal hair entirely black....... bouvereti Dognin. (1) HYLESIA GYREX, new species. Male.—¥ ore wing rather strongly faleate, pointed at end of vein 7; hind wing with a rounded projection of outer margin between veins 3 and 4; brown, like melanostigma Herrich-Schaeffer; two brown lines across the wing, similar, but more approximate; a slender dash on discal vein; submarginal line as in melanostigma. Hind wing with a single line beyond the middle and a faint submarginal line, the pair much farther apart than in melanostigma; no discal mark; imner mar- gin darkly shaded and hairy. Expanse, 57 mm. Type.—Male, Omai, British Guiana (W. Schaus), Cat. No. 14959, U.S.N.M. (2) HYLESIA MYMEX, new species. Male.—Head and thorax black; abdomen black above, with longer reddish brown hairs, reddish brown below, the feet with darker outer ‘hairs. Fore wing rather shortly falcate, hind wing rounded; fore wing purplish brown, apex broadly fuscous shaded; a dark brown band at base of inner margin; a weak bar on discal cross vein and small mark in the cell; outer line parallel to margin, blackish brown, rather broad. Hind wing with mesial shaded band. LExpanse, 39 mm Type.—Male, Colombia (W. E. Pratt), Cat. No. 14960, U.S.N.M. (3) HYLESIA TAPABEX, new species. Male.—Head, thorax, and first abdominal segment black above; abdomen ocher brown; below pectus and venter ferruginous, legs and sublateral stripe on abdomen gray-brown. Fore wing falcate, sooty 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, brown, lighter toward base; discal mark pale with central dot; outer line faint, dark. Hind wing with faint mesial shade and discal dot. Expanse, 42 mm. Female.-—Thorax above and legs purplish brown; abdomen and thorax below ocher brown; wings purplish brown, fore wing with angled tips, but not falcate; dark at base to inner line; rather large discal spot; outer line broad, straight, diffused; subterminal line waved on its outer side, diffused within. Hind wing with two par- allel dusky bands. Expanse, 55 mm. Cotypes, one male, one female, Calamar, Colombia (H. Skinner); two males, two females, Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14961, U.S.N.M. (4) HYLESIA OCHRIFEX, new species. Male.—Thorax dark gray, abdomen and venter ocherous, the abdo- men with dorsal brown banding. Fore wing square at apex, hardly falcate, the markings as in annulata Schaus, with the following dif- ferences: Discal mark smaller, its annulus narrower and less clouded; dark area at base less black, with more included pale spots; outer line less curved. Expanse, 44 to 48 mm. Ootypes.—Three males, Rio Huacamaya, Carabaya, Peru (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14962, U.S.N.M. (5) HYLESIA INDEX, new species. Male.—F¥ore wing square at apex, not faleate; body parts all dark sooty brown; fore wing with purplish cast, especially toward center of inner margin, the lines parallel, dark brown, straight, fading toward the costa; subterminal line doubly dentate between the veins as in annulata Schaus and ochrifex Dyar; discal mark clouded, indistinct, hardly annular, but showing a dark line on the cross vein of cell and inner dark line. Hind wing with two outer dark lines, the submar- ginal one somewhat irregular. Expanse, 43 mm. Cotypes.—Four males, Rio Huacamaya, Carabaya, Peru (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14963, U.S.N.M. (6) HYLESIA POLLEX, new species. Male—Thorax dark brown-gray; abdomen with dark ocherous hairs. Fore wing lilacine gray; basal space filled in with dark brown; discal mark large, clouded; outer band broad, shaded, indistinctly separated by a lighter space from the wavy subterminal band, which is shaded inward; fringe dark. Hind wing with discal mark; the two outer bands approximated and shaded together into one broad band with lighter center. Expanse, 37 to 40 mm. Female.—Similar, the markings more diffused and shaded. Ex- panse, 48 to 52 mm. no. 1947. NEW SPECIES OF SATURNIAN MOTHS—DYAR. 127 Cotypes.—Six males, five females, Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collec- tion), Cat. No. 14964, U.S.N.M. One of the females has been labeled by Mr. Schaus ‘‘approzimans Walk., comp. type.” (See remark under H. valvex below.) (7) HYLESIA VALVEX, new species. Male.—Larger than the preceding, the subteyminal line of fore wing scarcely at all wavy, broadly shaded to the outer band. Hind wing with the two lines remote, evenly shaded, but not jomed. Expanse, 47 to 50 mm. Female.—Still more diffusely shaded, the outer and subterminal lines of fore wing joined in a broad band, not separated as in pollez. Expanse, 62 mm. Cotypes—Four males, two females, St. Jean and St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana, March, April, and November, 1904 (W. Schaus), Cat. No. 14965, U.S.N.M. One of the females is labeled by Mr. Schaus ‘‘approximans Walker == female type;’’ but as he has similarly labeled pollex, described above, and schausi, described below, and as approrimans Walker was described from Brazil, I think it probable that it represents a species distinct from all of these. (8) HYLESIA MUREX, new species. Male.—F ore wing pointed, subfalcate; thorax gray; abdomen with dull ocherous hairs. Fore wing dark mouse-gray, the lines nearly obliterated; discal spot dark; subterminal line apparently scalloped and broadly shaded toward the outer line. Hind wing with the two outer lines relieving outer and submarginal paler areas. Expanse, 32 mm. Type.—One male, Geldersland, Surinam River, Dutch Guiana (W. Schaus), Cat. No. 14966, U.S.N.M. (9) HYLESIA ASCODEX, new species. Male.—Smooth mouse-gray above and below, the abdomen with dark ocherous hairs. Fore wing with a large, faint, discal dot and traces of the scalloped outer edge of subterminal line. Hind wing with two faint dark outer bands, not relieving a lilacine ground. Expanse, 40 mm. Cotypes: Three males, Rio Huacamaya, Carabaya, Peru (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14967, U.S.N.M. (10) HYLESIA LEILEX, new species. Similar to the preceding, but more shaded with blackish, the veins darker lined; discal spot large, round, dark; irregular blotchings rep- resent the subterminal line. Hind wing without distinguishable lines, the veins darker. Expanse, 40 mm, 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44. Type.—One male, Rio Huacamaya, Carabaya, Peru (Schaus col- lection), Cat. No. 14968, U.S.N.M. (11) HYLESIA MURMUR, new species. Male.—Head, thorax, and legs clothed with deep black hair; anal tuft pale brownish ocher. Fore wing square at apex, lilacine gray; base shaded dark to inner line, which is angled in the cell; discal mark present; outer line thick, distinct, incurved centrally, touching the discal mark; a fainter parallel line beyond; subterminal line coin- cident with the second outer line above, faint and forming two broad rounded projections between veins 2 and 4 below; a dark shade on “margin, widening above. Hind wing darker gray with two outer parallel darker bands; no discal mark. Expanse, 46 mm. Type.—One male, Santo Domingo, Peru (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14970, U.S.N.M. Apparently nearly allied to H. nigridorsata Dognin' which is au- toptically unknown to me. JH. praeda Dognin? is apparently of this same type, with the outer line even more bent. (12) HYLESIA ORATEX, new species. Male.—Thorax and abdomen black above with very few ocher hairs; sides and venter brown, mixed with ocher, anal tuft ocher. Fore wing dark lilacine gray, the markings well relieved; base diffusely dark-shaded; two rounded discal dots, one in the cell, one at the end; outer line straight, moderately broad, followed by a dense shading to outer line, which is irregular, projecting in the interspaces 2-3 and 3-4; a broad marginal shade on upper half of outer margin. Hind wing darkly shaded, the inner line running close to end of cell or crossing lower angle of discal venules, the outer faint, half way to the margin. Expanse, 36 mm. Female.—Similarly marked, but more diffusely; hind wing with inner band passing beyond end of cell; abdomen with dense lateral and terminal tufts of golden ocher hairs. Expanse, 50 mm. Cotypes—Two males, Castro, Parana, Brazil (Schaus collection) ; one female, Novo Friburgo, Brazil (Schaus collection); one female, Rio Janeiro, Brazil (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14971, U.S.N.M. (13) HYLESIA COEX, new species. Male.—Thorax brownish gray; abdomen with dark ocher hairs. Fore wing lilacine gray, the base irregularly dark shaded to the inner line; a discal mark in cell and one at end; outer line straight, followed by dark shading to the irregular subterminal line; a dark shade on upper half of outer margin. Hind wing of the same color as fore wing, the central line curved, close to or crossing the discal 1Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 19, 1912, p. 152, 2 Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 45, 1901, p. 306, no. 1947. NEW SPECIES OF SATURNIAN MOTHS—DYAR. 129 venules; outer line slightly irregular, shaded, faint. Expanse, 30 to 32 mm. Cotypes.—Five males, Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14972, U.S.N.M. (14) HYLESIA REX, new species. Male.—Like the preceding, but the fore wing rather more falcate and much darker; outer discal mark only distinct; outer line broader, the following shade illy defined. Hind wing also dark, the lines poorly relieved. Expanse, 35 mm. Type.—One male, St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, April, 1904 (W. Schaus), Cat. No. 14973, U.S.N.M. (15) HYLESIA ORBIFEX, new species. Thorax brown-gray; abdomen thickly clothed with ocher hairs, the brown ground showing only on dorsum. Fore wing like oratez. Hind wing with a large discal mark, the two lines well beyond it, alike in shade, but the outer much wider than the inner. Expanse, 38 mm. Type-——One male, Rio Janeiro, Brazil (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14974, U.S.N.M. (16) HYLESIA REMEX, new species. Thorax dark gray; abdomen with dull ocher hairs. Fore wing lilacine gray, nearly clear of shading to outer line; discal mark ellip- tical, dark; outer line straight, distinct, the following shading narrow and straighter than usual, rather evenly waved; marginal shade even from apex to vein 3. Hind wing clear of shading basally and with- out discal mark; two lines far out, parallel, the outer broader and fainter than the inner. Expanse, 37 mm. Type.—One male, Rio Janeiro, Brazil (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14975, U.S.N.M. (17) HYLESIA LIVEX, new species. Male.—Like oratex, but the thorax brown-gray, not black, the abdomen with ocher hairs dorsally. Fore wing like oratex, the marks well contrasted. Hind wing with the lines passing beyond the cell, approximate, alike in shade, the outer broadened and a little irre- gular. Expanse, 36 mm. Female.—Similar, the markings more diffused; thorax and abdo- men brown, the latter with lateral and terminal dark ocher tufts. Expanse, 48 mm. Cotypes.—Two males, three females, Rio Janeiro, Brazil (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14976, U.S.N.M. This may be H. subcana Walker, described from a female, but it is impossible to be sure from the description. 69077°—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13——9 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, (18) HYLESIA LITUREX, new species. Male.—Like livex, but smaller and less contrastingly marked; outer line less defined, nearly continuous with the submarginal shad- ing. Lines of hind wing less relieved, less approximate, the outer running nearer the margin. Expanse, 33 to 35 mm. Cotypes.—Five males, 60 miles up the Maroni River, French Guiana, August, 1904 (W. Schaus), Cat. No. 14977, U.S.N.M. (19) HYLESIA MOLPEX, new species. Entirely similar to H. rex, except that the inner line of hind wing runs slightly beyond the discal mark, which is faintly shown. Ex- panse, 35 mm. Type.—One male, St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, July, 1904 (W. Schaus), Cat. No. 14978, U.S.N.M. Probably but a variation of H. rex Dyar. (20) HYLESIA MORTIFEX, new species. Male.—Thorax deep brown; abdomen with ocher hairs, banded on the segments. Fore wing slightly falcate, lilacine gray, heavily shaded with dark gray; a whitish powdering on costa near middle; discal mark large, clouded; outer line slender, hardly linear, slightly incurved centrally; subterminal shading scalloped below; marginal shade present above vein 4. Hind wing with two mesial lines shaded, the outer scalloped. Expanse, 35 mm. Type-—One male, Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14979, U.S.N.M. (21) HYLESIA LOLAMEX, new species. Male—Brown, like nigricans Berg, but fore wing more falcate, discal mark larger, clouded, browner, the outer line browner and less rigid; subterminal shading browner and less defined. Hind wing brown like fore wing, the lines curved, brown, similar in shade. Beneath the hind wing has two faint remote curved similar bands, not with a strong, straight, inner one as in nigricans. Expanse, 35 mm. 5 Type.—One male, Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14980, U.S.N.M. (22) HYLESIA SCHAUSI, new species. Lilacine gray, more rosy in the female. Fore wing squarely pointed, not faleate; abdomen densely clothed with ocher hairs in both sexes. Lines wile. converging to inner margin, the outer with a dark border within it, touching the discal clouded mark; terminal space pale, defined by a scalloped shade; a dark shade on the upper half of the outer margin, leaving a pale spot at tip. Hind wing with two curved outer dare ie parallel, similar; no discal dot in the No. 1947. NEW SPECIES OF SATURNIAN MOTHS—DYAR. or male, a faint one in the female. Expanse, male 40 mm.; female 53 mm. Cotypes—Three females, Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14982, U.S.N.M. Also five males, which are not made types on account of the uncertainty of associating the sexes in this genus. One of the males is labeled ‘‘approzimans Walk.,’’ another ‘anficita Walk.”’ (See remark under valvez.) (23) HYLESIA PAUPER, new species. Male.—Fore wing narrow, subfalcate; all pale mouse-gray, the lines whitish gray; a blotch in the cell and one at apex, quite distinct; discal mark darker, clouded; shade on upper half of outer margin also dark. Hind wing narrow, discal mark and two outer lines faintly darker. Expanse, 40 mm. Type-—One male, Rio Huacamaya, Carabaya, Peru (Schaus col- lection), Cat. No. 14986, U.S.N.M. (24) HYLESIA MYSTICA, new species. Male.—Fore -wing rounded at apex; darkly shaded over lilacine gray; mesial and outer lines faint, pale; discal mark a diffuse narrow dark shade; marginal space pale, defining the scalloped submarginal dark shade. Hind wing with the dark bands dissolved in the ground color, leaving a single curved, pale lilacine band at outer third. Expanse, 32 mm. Female.—Similar, still more darkly shaded; abdomen with dense lateral and terminal tufts of dark ocher hairs. Expanse, 45 mm. Cotypes.—Two males, one female, Trinidad, British West Indies (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14981, U.S.N.M.; also nine males, one female from the Guianas (W. Schaus), apparently identical. In a few of the Guiana males the dark bands of hind wing are incompletely dissolved in the ground and are visible, somewhat contradicting the character assigned in the table. H. composita Dognin,' from Venezuela is apparently closely allied, possibly identical, but 1 is impossible to be sure of its position without seeing specimens. (25) HYLESIA ATHLIA, new species. Male—Abdomen with dense, slightly ocherous, brown hairs. Fore wing broad, rounded, not square at apex; mouse-gray with slight brown tint; discal mark broadly clouded; lines broad, pale, defined, converging on inner margin; submarginal pale line sinuous. Hind wing with faint dark mark at end of cell; single outer pale line, faintly preceded and followed by darker. Expanse, 40 mm. Type.—One male, Rio Huacamaya, Carabaya, Peru (Schaus col- lection), Cat. No. 14987, U.S.N.M. 1Mém. Soc: Ent. Belg., 1912, vol. 19, p. 152. Hoe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44, (26) HYLESIA CEDOMNIBUS, new species. Male.—Fore wing square at apex, but not falcate; pale mouse- gray; lines pale, obscure; faint pale spot in cell and at apex. Hind wing with the markings very indistinct, the margin appearing paler, with irregular edge. Expanse, 45 mm. Cotypes.—Two males, Rio Huacamaya, Carabaya, Peru (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14988, U.S.N.M. (27) HYLESIA VINDEX, new species. Male.—Blackish gray; abdomen except at base dark ocher. Wings darkly shaded; two rather broad pale lines converging toward inner margin; submarginal shade pale, faint; discal mark diffused, dark. Hind wing with dark outer lines defining pale mesial and submarginal bands. Expanse, 38 mm. Female.—More clouded, the abdomen with lateral and terminal ocher tufts. Expanse, 48 mm. Cotypes.—Three males, one female, Rio Janeiro, Brazil (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14983, U.S.N.M. (28) HYLESIA SOLVEX, new species. Male.—Similar to vindez, rather smaller, the outer pale line on fore wing with a slight blackish inner border, joining the discal spot. Expanse, 31 mm. , Female.—More clouded; abdomen with lateral and terminal tufts of ocher hairs. Expanse, 42 mm. Cotypes.—One male, one female, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Schaus collection), Cat. No. 14984, U.S.N.M. : This is possibly a race of vindez. (29) HYLESIA CRESSIDA, new species. Close to alinda Druce, but the female with black lateral and terminal tufts. The male is rather smaller than alinda, the fore wing less strongly faleate, the markings not quite so distinct. Cotypes.—Five males, two females, Cuernavaca, Mexico, June and July, 1906 (W. Schaus), Cat. No. 14991, U.S.N.M. Possibly a northern race of alinda Druce. I accept as alinda specimens from Costa Rica identified by Schaus. I have no material from the type locality (Guatemala). H. cressida and euphemia are very closely allied in the male. Ihave a long series of males that I can not certainly assign to either. The abdominal tufts of the females are so different in color that specimens of this sex can not be confused. I have the larve of ewphemia, but those of cressida have not been received. The two species occur together. I have females of both from Cuernavaca and Jalapa. No. 1947. NEW SPECIES OF SATURNIAN MOTHS—DYAR. 133 (30) HYLESIA EUPHEMIA, new species. Rosy brown; palpi and legs rosy red. Fore wing square at apex, not faleate; marks as in alinda, but blurred and indistinct; abdomen of the male with stiff ocher hairs, banded with blackish; female with lateral and terminal tufts of golden ocher hairs. Expanse, male, 39 mm.; female, 48 mm. Cotypes.—One male, one female, Misantla, Mexico (W. Gugelmann), bred from larve under the No. 80, Cat. No. 14990, U.S.N.M. The following species have not been referred to in the preceding table and descriptions: HYLESIA OBSOLETA Stoll. Bombyz obsoleta Stout, Pap. Exot., vol. 4, 1780, pl. 304, fig. C. A female, all pinkish, with ill-defined paler lines. The Cramer figures are mostly very poor and inaccurate in detail, lacking the characteristic appearance of the insects. This makes their identifi- cation very difficult. The present species may not be a Hylesia at all. HYLESIA EBALUS Cramer. Bombyz ebalus CRAMER, Pap. Exot., vol. 1, 1775, pl. 50, fig. G. A small pinkish male, which might be the male of obsoleta Stoll. HYLESIA METABUS Cramer. Bombyx metabus CRAMER, Pap. Exot., vol. 1, 1775, pl. 74, fig. D. A female, all brown, no markings, the fore wing square at apex. This is not at all certainly a Hylesia. HYLESIA DOMINA Stoll. Bombyx domina Strout, Pap. Exot., vol. 4, 1780, pl. 304, fig. B. Referred to Hylesia by Dognin,' but according to Schaus probably an eupterotid. HYLESIA LILACRVA Dognin. Hylesia lilacina Doenin, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 19, 1912, p. 153. Described from a female and unplaceable from this sex. A pinkish species with large dark discal mark. HYLESIA FULVIVENTRIS Berg. Micrattacus fulviventris Bera, Ann. Soc. Argent., vol. 15, 1883, p. 157. Said by Berg to be near H. nigricans, but more grayish, the margin of fore wing very little oblique and with other differences. HYLESIA BULAEA Maassen and Weymer. Micrattacus bulaea MAAssEN and WEYMER, Beitr. Schmett., 1886, figs. 124, 125. A very remarkably colored species, with bright green border to the hind wings, which are marbled with green below. A male is figured. Quite likely this represents a distinct genus. 1 Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 45, 1901, p. 307. 1384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 44. HYLESIA VIOLASCENS Maassen and Weymer. Micrattacus violascens MAASSEN and WrEyMER, Beitr. Schmett., 1886, fig. 126. A male is figured, a darkly colored, violaceous brown species, the outer line straight, distinct, without any submarginal line or shading. Very distinct and probably not a Hylesia. Automeris obscura Schaus appears closely allied to this.’ HYLESIA VAGANS Walker. Hyperchiria vagans WALKER, Cat, Brit. Mus., vol. 6, 1855, p. 1312. Placed in Hylesia by Kirby, but according to Schaus an Ormiscodes. HYLESIA NETRIX Stoll. Bombyzx netriz Stout, Pap. Exot., vol. 4, 1780, pl. 307, fig. B. Placed in Hylesia by Kirby, with doubt. Unknown to me, but apparently not a Hylesia. 1 Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 8, 1900, p. 228. [SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE PHILIPPINE CRUISE OF THE FISHERIES STEAMER “ALBATROSS,” 1907-1910.—No. 24.] DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW GENERA AND THIRTY- ONE NEW SPECIES OF FISHES OF THE FAMILIES BROTULIDZ AND CARAPIDZ FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES. By Lewis RaDctiFre,' Scientific Assistant, United States Bureau of Fisheries. In the present paper are described 6 new genera and 30 new species of the family Brotulide and a new genus and species of the family Carapide collected by the U.S. Fisheries steamer Albatross on the Philippine expedition. Family BROTULIDE. This collection of brotulids is noteworthy for the large number of species and individuals taken in tropical waters, comprising 475 ° specimens, representing 26 genera and 40 species. The region about Gillolo and the Gulf of Tomini, Celebes, are particularly rich in new forms. The collection is so large that, in the following descriptions of species, when the number of specimens is more than two or three the list of localities has been omitted. In all cases where the opercular spine is distinct, the length of the head has been measured to its tip instead of to the tip of the opercular flap, and comparative measurements are made in terms of that length. The urinary bladder is very well developed in many genera, and in a large number of specimens a partial or entire eversion has taken place. 1 In the study of this collection the writer has been associated with Dr. Hugh M. Smith, who becomes joint author of the new genera and species herein described. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 44—No. 1948. 136 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, Heretofore practically no attempt at a natural classification of the brotulid genera has been attempted, and many of the generic and specific descriptions are lacking in details. These and other factors make the identification of species and their arrangement unusually difficult. This is especially true of the viviparous forms which possess many characters in common and yet have differences which are bewildering if one attempts any reduction in the number of described genera. In the following key an attempt has been made to arrange the genera according to relationship, as far as could be ascertained: KEY TO THE GENERA OF BROTULIDS TAKEN ON THE ‘‘ALBATROSS” PHILIPPINE EXPEDITION. qi. SIREMBIN&/. Clavicular bones greatly produced, meeting below eye; ventral fins inserted under eyes, behind tip of humeral symphysis. Vellirals ‘Simple. 33605: sce bk sane th ees pe sdee Paciiiss cece sestcnmets Sirembo b?. Preopercle with three spines; snout with a sharp spine as in species of Lepo- phidium; head partially naked; ventrals bifid................- Hoplobrotula. a?. Position of humeral symphysis normal, behind eyes; ventral fins inserted behind tip of humeral symphysis. e!. Broruninz. Snout and lower jaw with barbels; ventral filaments bifid onli hats aig APN Mahe era bah BS lek ee elim tate ag ny lacy vee ae ata cts ahr Brotula. ¢e?. Head without barbels. d@'. NeospytTuHitiIn®. Head (normally) entirely scaled. Species as far as known oviparous. e!. Lateral line when present narrow, less than one-third diameter of eye in width, not unusually modified, without an inner series of enlarged plate-like scales covered by band of small scales; no fang-like canines present; ventrals present. fi. Lateral line distinct anteriorly, disappearing mesially or posteriorly; preopercle armed. g'. Ventral filaments bifid. h'. Pectorals simple; preopercle with one or two spines; pyloric cceca large, finger-like, forming a ring around the pylorus and extend- ing onto neighboring part of gut. (Coloration bright).. Neobythites. h?. Lower pectoral rays detached; angle of preopercle with three small spines; pyloric coeca small or rudimentary............ Dicrolene. g?. Ventral filaments entire. i!, Lateral line terminating posteriorly; pyloric cceca 10 to 12, arranged as in Neobythites. j}. Teeth in narrow bands; ventrals longer than head; pectorals narrow, of about 21 rays; preopercle truncate, without a distinct incision at angle................ .----Homostolus. 4”. Teeth in broad bands; ventrals reduced; pectorals with 25 to 28 rays; preopercle rounded, Neobythites-like, with a distinct incision on upper angle.........--- Monomitopus. 77. Lateral line terminating mesially; pyloric cceca more rudi- mentary; About five... dai)idicee eth ep wen dee Monomeropus. f?. Lateral line indistinct, rudimentary or absent. ki. Head with prominent, outstanding crests, which are almost membranaceous in character; preopercle un- armed, rounded; pseudobranchiz rudimentary. no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 137 lu. Pyloriec ceca absent; bones of head soft and cavernous without large, distinct mucous cavities or pores with a heavy covering of skin which covers and obscures the angles of the skull; pectorals without free rays, less than one-half total length. m'. Ventral filaments bifid. n', Snout much produced and dilated; body very short, deep and compressed............ Barathrodemus. n*, Snout not greatly produced and dilated; body elongate. o'. Teeth in villiform bands; eye distinct, not deep- set; body not anguilliform.......... Bassogigas. o*. Teeth in a single row; eye deep-set; body anguilli- 170) yD a ooh Eee Enchelybrotula. m?. Ventral filaments simple. p'. Head relatively low, bones of skull obscure; lower half of pectoral produced, rigid, oar- Mike Set iste Sea gt Eretmichthys. p?. Head strongly arched posteriorly, bones of skull quite distinct, the scales covering it deciduous; pectorals unmodified. BAI Ne 1a Wain a4 Me aissm oniciaet oie Sao OSSOZELUS: ?. Rudimentary pyloric cceca present; head massive with distinct mucous cavities or pores; angles of skull not obscured by thick, heavy skin. q'. Ventral filaments simple; two lower pectoral rays differentiated ; pseudo branchiz small, PUCMMON tary 2.0 oh sacs eeet- Mizxonus. q’. Ventral filaments bifid; pectorals produced into a long, whip-like organ, without de- tached rays; pseudobranchie absent, Ey SUR Sy eS Rie ST cs Bea Mastigopterus. k?. Head with prominent outstanding crests, covered with deciduous scales; pseudobranchiz well developed; ven- tral filaments simple or bifid..........-.. Glyptophidium. e?. Lateral line very broad, with an inner series of enlarged plate-like scales covered by a band of smaller scales. 7. Ventrals absent; head with outstanding crests; no fang-like canines; parapophy- Bes mormale: ¢ 22321. Lamprogrammus. r?. Ventral filaments simple; bones of head firm; fang-like teeth present; parapophy- ses greatly enlarged.......- Hypopleuron. d?. Byruitin%. Head naked or only partially scaled; ventrals present or absent; small cilia often present on naked portion of head. Species as far as known viviparous. s!. Caudal differentiated, with a distinct stem; cheeks scaly... .. Dinematichthys. s?. Caudal not differentiated. t. Ventral filaments present; preopercle without well-developed spines; three developed gill-rakers on first arch. uw}. Head naked; lateral line incomplete or absent; body elongate. Diplacanthopoma (Sarcocara), 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 44, u*. Cheeks, opercles, and usually top of head posteriorly scaled; lateral line interrupted in the middle; body relatively short. v'. Palatine teeth absent; margin of preopercle firm, ending in an obtuse-angled point. Grammonus. v*. Palatine teeth present; margin of preopercle fleshy, unarmed. w'. Head low, depressed; tips of clavicular bones firmly united; D. 85 to 98; A. 68. z'. Ventral filaments simple; eyes superior; rudimentary pylo- ric cceca present. . . Catztyz. x’. Ventral filaments bifid; eyes dorso - lateral; head pike- like; pyloric cceca absent. Luciobrotula. w*. Head robust, rounded; tips of clavicular bones more or less free; D. 76; A. 52... Bythites. ??. Ventrals absent; six or more developed gill-rakers on first arch. y'. Head normal, cheeks and opercles scaled; preopercle armed with five spines; six developed gill-rakers on first arch; rudimentary py- loric cceca present; lateral line present... Xenobythites. y’. (HePpHTHOCARINSZ.) Head greatly dilated, covered with a thick, gelatinous, scaleless skin; pyloric coeca absent; lateral line indistin- guishable...... Hephthocara, Genus NEOBYTHITES Goode and Bean. Neobythites Goopr and Bran, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 8, 1885, p. 600, gilli. Watasea JonDAN and SNYDER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1901, p. 765, sivicola. Body elongate, compressed; head rounded, its bones firm, both head and body covered with small cycloid scales; tail not filamentous, lateral line usually distinct, becoming obsolete posteriorly; oper- culum armed with a single strong spine; preoperculum armed at or near its angle with 1 or 2 small spines; no barbels; mouth large, snout moderate, rounded, projecting very slightly beyond mouth; teeth villiform, in broad bands on both jaws, palatines, tongue, and lower pharyngeals, a patch on vomer, and 5 small patches on each side on upper pharyngeals; gill-openings wide, the membranes deeply cleft and not attached to the isthmus; vertical fins united; ventrals no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 139 filamentous, each of 2 rays separate at tip, their bases not close together, inserted behind tip of humeral symphysis; pseudobranchiz present; pyloric cceca finger-like in a ring around the pylorus, and in 2 short rows along neighboring part of gut. There are slight variations in the form and armature of the pre- opercle. In several species including the type there is a single spine- like tip at or near the angle of the preopercle; in others there is an additional small spine above the first, which character is used as the basis of the genus Watasea. We find a corresponding amount of variation in some of the other closely related genera and do not consider this character of generic value. NEOBYTHITES LONGIPES Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 7, fig. 1. Dorsal 95; caudal 11; anal 80; ventrals 2; pectorals 26. Head 4.25 (4.58 in total length), long, low, subconic; body moder- ately compressed, greatest depth 5.05 (5.44 in total length); eye 5.08, elliptical oval; snout 4, long, pointed, not projecting beyond mouth; mouth large, oblique, lips thin, upper jaw overhanging lower; maxil- lary 1.89, reaching beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye for slightly less than a half diameter of eye, posterior end of maxillary incised, as broad as eye; teeth small, blunt, in bands on jaws, on vomer, palatines and tongue, a narrow band along the hypobranchial between bases of third and fourth gill-arch, diverging bands on lower pharyn- geals; opposed to these, on each side of the roof of the pharynx, are five small patches of teeth; patch on vomer f-shaped, palatine bands mesially somewhat broader than mandibular bands; inter- orbital 4.85, broad, slightly convex; nostrils widely separated, the anterior circular, with a raised border, near edge of snout, posterior near eye; opercle armed with a single sharp spine, a short flat spinule at angle of preopercle; above this the margin is incised as in species of Watasea, but the spinule which marks the upper termination of this incision in species of Watasea is lacking in this species; pseudo- branchiz well developed; gill-rakers 4+7, the longest slightly less than a half-diameter of eye; a ring of long finger-like pyloric ceca around the pylorus, and a short series along each side of the neigh- boring part of gut, the longest of these about equal to major diameter of eye; scales small, cycloid, elliptical-oval, completely covering head and body, surface of each scale covered with a network of radiating and concentric strie after the pattern of a spider’s web; 10 scales in a series from origin of dorsal to and including lateral line; vertical fins scaled nearly to margin; lateral line in upper third of body, dis- appearing at a point about 0.4 length of head from base of caudal. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal, tips of last rays extending to posterior fourth of caudal; distance of dorsal from tip of 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 44, snout 3.73 (4.03 in total length), distance of anal from tip of snout 2.07 (2.24 in total length); distance of anal from lower pectoral base equal to length of head; ventrals bifid, bases well separated, inserted slightly behind humeral symphysis, inner ray longest, more than twice as long as head, 1.87 (2.01 in total length), outer ray 0.5 as long as inner ray, 1.07 in the distance from base to origin of anal; pectorals 1.70 in head, acutely rounded. Color in alcohol: Raw sienna, becoming pearl-gray on belly; sides and ventral surface of head and body finely punctulate with darker; traces of a brownish band extending from tip of snout through middle of eye to tip of opercular spine; ground color of dorsal dusky gray, a large black ocellus margined with lighter lies between the twenty-first and thirty-second rays; behind this is a median band of dusky black, widening posteriorly until it covers nearly the entire fin; upper rays of caudal dusky gray, distal two-thirds of lower rays black; anterior half of anal gray, punctulate with darker, color changing to black on posterior rays, the black coloration not extend- ing to base of rays; paired fins gray, finely punctulate with darker; peritoneum very dark brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74126, U.S.N.M., 30.2 em. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5550 (lat. 6° 02’ 00’’ N.; long 120° 44’ 40” E.), near Jolo, at a depth of 258 fathoms, on a bottom of fine sand and shells. This species is readily distinguished from the other members of the genus by the elongate ventrals and the characteristic form of the preopercle. In an example 9.8 em. long, from station 5580, Darvel Bay, Borneo, a dark-brown band extends from tip of snout through eye, along- side of head and body, interrupted below dorsal ocellus, continuing again along side in a slight arch to within a head length of base of caudal; indistinct brown markings on top of head, and a broad arch of brown from upper angle of opercle to below dorsal ocellus; a brown blotch on side behind ocellus. Some examples of intermediate size show faint indications of these markings. NEOBYTHITES (WATASEA) UNIMACULATUS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 7, fig. 2. Dorsal 83; caudal 10; anal 71; ventrals 2; pectorals 26. Head 4.37 (4.75 in total length), short, subconic; body elongate, compressed, greatest depth 5.10 (5.52 in total length); eye 4.67, subelliptical; snout as long as eye, subconie, blunt, projecting but slightly beyond mouth; mouth large, slightly oblique, lips thin, upper jaw overhanging lower; maxillary 1.90, reaching beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye for about 0.5 an eye diameter, longer than snout plus eye, upper edge slipping under suborbital; teeth no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 141 small, blunt, arranged as in macrops, interorbital 4.37, convex; nos- trils widely separated as in related species; opercle armed with a single long, sharp spine; a sharp spinule at angle of preoperculum, a second slightly shorter spinule about 0.5 an eye diameter above this; pseudobranchiz present, consisting of several quite well- developed filaments; gill-rakers 5+12, reduced to mere protuber- ances at ends; pyloric cceca long, finger-like, arranged as in other species of the genus; scales small, cycloid, entirely covering head and body, 9 or 10 in a series from origin of dorsal to and including lateral line; lateral line in upper third of body, disappearing at a point slightly less than 0.5 length of head from base of caudal. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal, the last rays extend- ing to about the middle of caudal fin; distance of dorsal from tip of snout 4 (4.30 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 2.34 (2.53 in total length); distance of anal from lower pectoral base four- sevenths length of head; ventrals bifid, bases well separated, inserted slightly behind humeral symphysis, inner ray longest, 1.21 in head, 1.24 in the distance from its base to origin of anal; pectorals 1.60 in head, acutely rounded. Color in alcohol: Clay, lighter ventrally, becoming dusky pearl- gray on belly; brownish shades along back above lateral line, a line of similar color along side, the lighter interspace crossed by lines of a darker coloration, posteriorly these extend downward to base of anal; dorsal dusky gray,, median portion posteriorly much darker; a large, black, white-rimmed ocellus on dorsal, the black portion lying between fourteenth and twenty-fourth rays; caudal dusky; anterior anal rays light gray, minutely dotted with darker; beginning with the fourteenth ray there is a narrow, mesial, dusky line which be- comes broader posteriorly, until it covers nearly the entire width of fin; paired fins gray, finely punctulate with darker; peritoneum brownish black. Type.—Cat. No. 74127, U.S.N.M., 16.6 em. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5590 (lat. 4° 10’ 50’ N.; long. 118° 39’ 35”” E.), near Mabul Island, Borneo, at a depth ot 310 fathoms, on a bottom of green mud and sand. This species closely resembles our examples of N. macrops, but differs in having fewer rays in the dorsal and anal (dorsal about 96, anal about 83 in macrops), and in the presence of but a single ocellus upon the dorsal fin. The collection contains a single other example from station 5520, off northern Mindanao. NEOBYTHITES (WATASEA) PURUS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 7, fig. 3. Dorsal about 87; caudal 12; anal 70; ventrals 2; pectorals 27. Head 4.35 (4.74 in total length), subconic; body elongate, com- pressed, greatest depth 5.25 (5.75 in’ total length); eye 4.86, sub- 142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, circular; snout 4.15, pointed, projecting beyond mouth; mouth large, slightly oblique, lips thin, upper jaw overhanging lower; maxillary 1.89, reaching beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye for about 0.5 an eye diameter, its length greater than snout plus eye; teeth small, blunt, arranged as in unimaculatue; interorbital 4.25, convex; opercle nirned with a single sharp spine, a small spinule at angle of preoperculum, a second about 0.5 an eye diameter above this, these project but little beyond the skin covering preopercle; pseudobran- chie consisting of several small filaments; gill-rakers 5+11; pyloric coeca finger-like, arranged as in other species of the genus; 10 scales in a series from origin of the dorsal to and including lateral line; lateral line disappearing at a point less than 0.5 the length of the head from base of caudal. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal, the last rays extend- ing nearly to middle of caudal fin; distance of dorsal from tip of snout 3.60 (4.03 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 2.51 (2.73 in total length); distance of anal from pectoral base about 0.7 length of head; ventrals bifid, bases well separated, inserted slightly behind humeral symphysis, inner ray longest, 1.37 in head, 1.33 in the distance from base to origin of anal; pectorals 1.55 in head, acutely rounded. Color in alcohol: Back above lateral line wood- ican becoming lighter below; belly pearl gray, punctulate with darker; vertical fins dusky gray; ‘caudal and basal portion of anal posteriorly darker, paired fins pearl-gray, finely punctulate with darker; peritoneum brownish black. Type.—Cat. No. 74128, U.S.N.M., 16.1 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5392 (lat. 12° 12’ 35’’ N.; long. 124° 02’ 48’” E.), near Destacado Island between Samar and Masbate, at a depth of 135 fathoms, on a bottom of green mud and sand. This species is very close to N. wnimaculatus, from which it is dis- tinguished by the entire absence of a black ocellus on the dorsal fin, the slightly greater number of rays in the dorsal fin, by the more anterior insertion of dorsal and anal, and by the smaller size of the ventrals. The collection contains a single other example from the neighboring station 5393. NEOBYTHITES (WATASEA) FASCIATUS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 7, fig. 4. ? Watasea sivicola JonDAN and Starks, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 22, 1902, p. 601, pl. 3, fig. 3, 1904, Suruga Bay, Sagami Bay, Japan. Dorsal 96; caudal 9; anal 81; ventrals 2; pectorals 25. Head 4.74 (5.08 in total length), short, subquadrangular in trans- verse section; body elongate, compressed, greatest depth 4.87 (5.22 in total length) ; eye 4.13, large, subcircular; snout as long as eye, blunt, no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFBP. 143 fleshy, less pointed than in macrops; mouth comparatively small, nearly horizontal, lips fleshy, upper jaw overhanging lower; maxil- lary 2.05, reaching slightly beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, shorter than in related species, equal to snout plus eye, entire upper edge slipping under the suborbital; bands of small blunt teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, tongue, hypobranchiz and lower pharyn- geals, 5 small patches on each side of roof of pharynx, those on the vomer arranged in a triangular patch, differing in this respect from | related species; interorbital convex, its width nearly equal to diam- eter of eye; nostrils rather widely separated, the anterior subtubular, near edge of snout, the posterior close to eye; opercle armed with a single sharp spine; a short, flat spinule at angle of preoperculum, and another similar but slightly shorter spinule a short distance above it; pseudobranchiz present, consisting of 3 or 4 small filaments; gill- rakers 5+15, rather long near the middle of arch, reduced to mere protuberances at the ends, longest about 0.5 diameter of eye; a ring of extremely short cceca around the pylorus, and a short series of some- what larger ceca along each side of the neighboring part of the gut; scales small, cycloid, elliptical-oval, 9 or 10 in a series from origin of dorsal to and including lateral line, 31 from origin of anal to lateral line, vertical fins scaled at base; lateral line slightly arched anteriorly, disappearing at a point about 0.5 the length of head from the base of the caudal. A Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal, last rays extending about to middle of caudal fin; distance of dorsal from tip of snout 4 (4.29 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 2.40 (2.58 in total length); distance of anal from lower pectoral base slightly less than length of head; ventrals short, bifid, bases well separated, inserted slightly behind humeral symphysis, inner ray longest, 1.52 in head, 1.86 in the distance from its base to origin of anal; pectorals 1.52 in head, acutely rounded. Color in alcohol: Dusky clay, becoming dusky gray on belly, a narrow dark russet band from tip of snout through middle of eye extending backward along side for nearly a head-length beyond tip of opercular spine, a similar band extending from above eye along back at base of dorsal, terminating above end of first band, the two ends connected by a slightly broader vertical band of the same color, behind this there are 6 crossbands of similar coloration, first, third, and fifth continued on dorsal and anal, where the color becomes dark brown or black; second, fourth, and sixth bands narrower, indistinct below middle of side, adjacent portion of vertical fins dusky; interspaces on vertical fins dusky white, becoming blackish behind fifth crossband, each fin narrowly margined with white; paired fins dusky gray; peritoneum dark brown. (Coloration of smaller examples much more distinct than in the type.) 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. Type.—Cat. No. 74129, U.S.N.M., 19.3 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5290 (lat. 13° 40’ 09’’ N.; long. 120° 59’ 30” E.), in Batangas Bay, Luzon, at a depth of 214 fathoms, on a bottom of lava and gravel. From N. macrops Giinther this species differs in having the head shorter, tip of snout more prominent and fleshy, maxillary shorter (equal to snout plus eye), ventrals shorter, vomerine teeth in a tri- angular patch (Y-shaped in macrops), and body crossed by well- defined bands of darker coloration. From the alleged cotype of N. sivicola (Jordan and Snyder), from Yokohama, in the United States National Museum, which we have examined, it differs in having 9 or 10 scales from origin of dorsal to and including lateral line (12 or 13 in sivicola), the mouth smaller, maxillary much shorter, distance from snout to vent much less, distance from lower pectoral base to origin of anal less than length of head (considerably greater in sivicola), and vomerine teeth in a triangular instead of a Y-shaped patch. The Yokohama specimen of N. sivicola is much faded, and there are no traces of darker cross-bands on body or fins. Examples from Suruga and Sagami Bays, Japan, identified by Jordan and Starks as Watasea sivicola, agree very closely with our examples of N. fasciatus, but their drawing fails to show the banded appearance of ourexamples. Their statement ‘greater distance from snout to vent” should read ‘‘lesser distance.”’ Genus DICROLENE Goode and Bean. Dicrolene GoopE and Bean, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 10, 1883, p. 202, tn- tronigra. This genus differs from Neobythites in the relatively weaker, more porous character of the bones of the head; more deciduous scales; margin of preopercle armed with three small sharp spines; ventrals reduced; pyloric coeca small or rudimentary, in reduced number; lower pectoral rays detached, not connected by membrane; pseudo- branchiz very small (said to be absent in some species). DICROLENE LONGIMANA Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 8, fig. 1. Dorsal 103; caudal 7; anal 83; ventrals 2; pectorals 16+ 8. Head 4.70 (5.21 in total length), long, low, nearly as broad as high; body slender, tapering, greatest depth 5.75 (6.37 in total length); eye 4.80, small, subelliptical; snout 4.08, short, rather blunt, not overhanging mouth; mouth large, slightly oblique, upper jaw over- hanging lower; maxillary 1.75, extending beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye for 0.6 an eye diameter; teeth small, villiform; patch on yvomer narrow, semicircular; interorbital 4.26, narrow, slightly convex; opercle armed with a single strong sharp spine; no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 145 angle of preopercle armed with three spines; pseudobranchiz con- sisting of 2 small, rudimentary filaments; gill-rakers 5+20, the longest slightly more than 0.7 as long as eye; 5 short rudimentary coeca around pylorus; scales small, cycloid, deciduous, covering head and body and forming a scaly sheath at base of dorsal and anal; 7 scales in a series from origin of dorsal to and including lateral line, about 19 from origin of anal to lateral line; the sculpturing of scales essentially as in Neobythites, except that the circuli are less distinct; lateral line broad, disappearing on posterior half of tail. Dorsal and anal continuous with caudal; distance of dorsal from tip of snout 3.71 (4.12 in total length), distance of anal from tip of snout 2.37 (2.63 in total length); lower pectoral base and anal separated by a distance equal to length of head; ventrals small, rather widely separated at base, each consisting of 2 rays united for a short distance, inner ray longest, 1.63 in head; upper pectoral rays united, the longest a little longer than head; lower rays separate, long, filamentous, the longest about 2.6 times as long as head, 0.5 total length. Color in alcohol: Raw umber; opercular region, branchiostegals and fins dark clove brown; peritoneum dark chestnut brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74130, U.S.N.M., 25.5 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5488 (lat. 10° 00’ 00’’ N.; long. 125° 06’ 45’ E.), between Leyte and Mindanao, at a depth of 772 fathoms, on a bottom of green mud. Our examples of this species were taken from the interinsular waters of the Philippine Archipelago. One specimen 18.5 cm. in length from station 5406 was from the stomach of a Lophiodes infrabrunneus Smith and Radcliffe 12.7 cm. in length. According to Alcock’s description of examples of D. intronigra from the Andaman and Arabian seas, that species has 18 or 19+8 or 9 rays in the pectoral, the longest 1.5 to 2 times the length of the head, the inner ventral ray equal to length of head behind middle of eye, and the distance from base of pectoral to first anal ray more than the length of the head. DICROLENE TRISTIS Smith and Radcliffe, new species, Plate 8, fig. 2. Dorsal 103; caudal 6; anal 80; ventrals 2; pectorals 18+ 10. Head 4.85 (5.31 in total length), low subconic, more porous than in longimana; body compressed, greatest depth 5.83 (6.38 in total length); eye 4, large, subcircular; snout 3.82, rounded; mouth large, oblique, upper jaw overhanging lower, maxillary 1.71, extending beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye for 0.33 an eye diameter, posterior margin truncate, teeth small, villiform, the patch on vomer 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13——10 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, broadly ¢-shaped; interorbital 3.43, broad, flattened; opercle armed with a single strong sharp spine; angle of preopercle armed with 3 small sharp spines; pseudobranchiz consisting of 2 small filaments; gill-rakers 5+ 20, the longest nearly 0.75 as long as eye; slight traces of rudimentary pyloric cceca; scales small, cycloid, deciduous, cover- ing head and body, and forming a low sheath at the base of dorsal and anal; 8 scales in a series from origin of dorsal to and including lateral line, about 25 from origin of anal to lateral line; lateral line broad, distinct anteriorly, disappearing at about a head’s length from base of caudal. Dorsal and anal continuous with caudal; distance of dorsal from tip of snout 4 (4.10 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 2.43 (2.66 in total length); ventrals small, rather widely separated at base, each consisting of 2 rays united by membrane for a very short distance at base, inner ray longest, 2.23 in head, ventral base behind tip of humeral symphysis; upper pectoral rays united, the longest about equal to head, lower rays separate, filamentous, 1.5 times as long as head, base of lower rays about a head-length in advance of anal. Color in alcohol: Tawny olive; opercular region, branchiostegals, and fins dark clove brown; peritoneum dark chestnut brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74131, U.S.N.M., 25.5 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5467 (lat. 13° 35’ 27’’ N.; long. 123° 37’ 18”’ E.), Lagonoy Gulf, Luzon, at depth of 480 fathoms, on a bottom of eray mud. The examples in the collection came from the east coast of Luzon; Sibuko Bay, Borneo; and from the Celebes; none were taken in the interinsular waters of the Philippine Archipelago. The number of detached pectoral rays varies from 8 to 10. This species differs from longimana in the much larger eye, longer snout, broader interorbital, shorter ventrals and pectorals, rudimen- tary character of pyloric ceca, smaller scales and lighter coloration. It appears to be closely related to D. multifilis (Alcock) but identifica- tion from the description and figure of that species is impossible. HOMOSTOLUS Smith and Radcliffe, new genus. This genus is closely related to Neobythites, distinguished by the elongate, sharply pointed, compressed head which is very cavernous but lacks the high crests characteristic of Glyptophidium; by the narrow bands of teeth, especially those on mandible, and by the long; simple ventral filaments, each composed of 2 fused rays. The eyes are very large; the lateral line is broad, with a clearly defined cover- ing of skin above the scales, the latter wider than those above and beiow and distinctly modified. Type of the genus.—Homostolus acer, new species. nwo. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 147 HOMOSTOLUS ACER Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 8, fig. 3. Dorsal about 93; caudal 10; anal about 70; ventrals 1; pectorals 21. Head 4.50 (4.75 in total length), long, pointed, low, compressed, cavernous, the bony crests much less prominent than in species of Glyptophidium, subquadrangular in transverse section; body com- pressed, relatively short, greatest depth 5.54 (5.90 in total length); eye 3.41, elliptical-oval; snout 3.41, as long as eye, low, pointed, slightly overhanging maxillary; mouth long, narrow, oblique, upper jaw overlapping lower except at tip, where a knob at tip of mandi- bular symphysis projects slightly; maxillary 1.64, extending about 0.5 an eye diameter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye; narrow bands of minute villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines and tongue, 5 small patches of teeth on roof of mouth posteriorly as in Neobythites; interorbital 3.72, flattened, slightly broader than eye; nostrils small, the posterior close to eye; opercular spine slender, sharp; 2 small spines at angle of preopercle; pseudobranchie small; gill-filaments short; gill-rakers 7+20, long and slender, the longest about 0.7 diameter of eye; about 10 long, finger-like pyloric ceca arranged as in Neobythites; scales small, cycloid, Neobythites-like, 9 in a series from origin of dorsal to lateral line, about 18 from origin of anal to lateral line; lateral line broad and distinct, disappearing within 0.5 a head length from base of caudal. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; origin of dorsal from tip of snout 3.76 (4.15 in total length), its rays somewhat longer than those of anal; caudal narrow, pointed; origin of anal from tip of snout 2.52 (2.67 in total length); ventrals elongate, 1.55 times length of head, each composed of 2 closely bound rays, the inner the longest, bases rather widely separated, situated behind tip of humeral sym- physis; pectoral 1.64, narrow. Color in alcohol: Dusky ocher yellow, darkest dorsally, becoming dusky cream-buff on belly and sides and ventral surface of head; opercular region silvery; fins dusky, dorsal and anal margined with blackish, darkest anteriorly; peritoneum blackish brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74132, U.S.N.M., 19.5 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5508 (lat. 8° 17’ 24’’ N.; long. 124° 11’ 42” E.), in Iligan Bay, Mindanao, at a depth of 270 fathoms, on a bottom of green mud and fine sand. This species is found in the same general regions as our examples of Glyptophidium. 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM... VOL. 44. Genus MONOMITOPUS Alcock. Monomitopus Aucock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 297, Oct., 1890, nigripinne. Dicromita Goopr and BEan, Oceanic Ichthyology, p. 319, 1895, agassizit. This genus differs from Neobythites in the weaker, more spongy character of the bones of the head; scales more deciduous; lower margin of preopercle more produced, armed with 2 or 3 weak spine- like projections and with a distinct incision in region of angle; ven- trals reduced, inserted close together, each of 2 closely united rays, not separate at tips. The ring of pyloric ceca around the pylorus may or may not extend on neighboring part of gut. The type of Dicromita (agassizir) does not differ generically from Monomitopus. MONOMITOPUS PALLIDUS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 9, fig. 1. Dorsal 93; caudal 7; anal 76; ventrals 1; pectorals 28. Head 4.73 (5.22 in total length), short cavernous, subquadrangular in transverse section, slightly arched posteriorly; body short, com- pressed, greatest depth 5.56 (6.12 in total length); eye 3.90, large, elliptical-oval; snout 3.90, short, broad, slightly overhanging mouth; mouth of moderate size, oblique, upper jaw overhanging lower; maxil- lary 1.94, reaching a little beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, posterior end expanded, truncate, its width more than 0.5 an eye- diameter; teeth small, villiform, the outer row in jaws somewhat enlarged, differing in this respect from the other Philippine species; patch on vomer j-shaped; interorbital 3.36, broad, convex; nostrils widely separated, anterior without well-developed tube; opercle armed with a single sharp spine; angle of preopercle formed as in the subgenus Watasea, with 2 sharp spines, the lower being nearly as strong as in the species of that subgenus; pseudobranchie distinct, slender; gill-rakers 7 +16, long, slender, the longest about 0.66 diame- ter of eye; aring of 11 small finger-like cceca extending around the pylorus, one on each side being on the neighboring part of the gut; scales small, cycloid, deciduous, covering head and body, and forming a sheath along base of dorsal and anal, about 8 in a series from origin of dorsal to and including lateral line; the surface of the scale is intermediate between that found in species of Neobythites and other Philippine species of Monomitopus, the radiating striz persisting over entire surface of scale, these are much more rudimentary in character than in species of Neobythites; lateral line broad, distinct anteriorly, disappearing at a point about equal to length of head from base of caudal. Dorsal and anal continuous with caudal, the last rays extending nearly to middle of caudal fin; distance of dorsal from tip of snout 4.12 (4.54 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 2.25 (2.47 in total length) ; distance of anal from lower pectoral base about equal no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 149 to head; ventrals slender, close together, each consisting of 2 closely- bound rays, the inner 1.61 in head, reaching more than half way to origin of anal; ventral base slightly behind tip of humeral symphysis; pectorals 1.68. Color in alcohol: Fawn on back, becoming light smoke-gray on head and belly; anterior rays of dorsal and anal smoke gray; poste- rior rays and caudal light clove brown; ventrals gray; pectorals gray; punctulate with darker; inside of mouth plumbeous, changing to seal- brown in region surrounding gills; peritoneum dark seal-brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74133, U.S.N.M., 19.5 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5259 (lat. 11° 57’ 30’’ N.; long. 121° 42’ 15’” E.), between Mindoro and Panay, at a depth of 312 fathoms, on a bottom of gray mud and globigerina ooze. . The close relationship of Monomitopus to Neobythites is well shown in the characters of this species; the bones of the head are more cay- ernous, the scale are deciduous but Neobythites-like in character, arid the two rays composing each ventral are fused. This species differs from our examples of AM. nigripinnis in having the outer row of teeth in the jaws enlarged, the armature of the pre- opercle stronger, radiating striz on scales extending over entire sur- face, fewer rays in dorsal, anal, and pectoral, larger eye, longer ventral, and lighter coloration. MONOMITOPUS LONGICEPS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 9, fig. 2. Dorsal 97; caudal 9; anal 81; ventrals 1; pectorals 28. Head 3.94 (4.21 in total length), long, robust, arched posteriorly, cavernous; body short, deep, compressed, greatest depth 4.60 (4.92 in total length); eye 5.48, subelliptical; snout 4, broad, blunt; mouth large, slightly oblique; upper jaw overhanging lower; maxillary 1.84, reaching beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye for about 0.7 of an eye diameter, posterior end expanded very slightly incised, its width about equal to diameter of eye; teeth small, blunt, in villiform bands, the patch on vomer ,-shaped; interorbital 3.53, very broad, probably convex in life; nostrils widely separated; opercle armed with a single sharp spime, margin of preopercle weak, irregularly crenulate, armed with three weak, spine-like projections; pseudo- branchie small; gill-rakers 5+22, long, slender, the longest slightly less than 0.7 diameter of eye, the outer ones reduced to small knob- like protuberances; a ring of 10 large finger-like pyloric cceca extend- ing around the pylorus out onto the neighboring part of gut; scales small, cycloid, deciduous, completely covering head and body, 8 or 9 scales in a series from origin of dorsal to and including lateral line, 27 from origin of anal to lateral line; dorsal and anal with a scaly sheath-like base; lateral line broad, distinct, disappearing at a point more than half head-length from base of caudal. 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; distance of dorsal from tip of snout 3.48 (3.72 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 2.17 (2.32 in total length); distance of anal from lower pec- toral base about 0.7 length of head; ventrals small, close together, each consisting of 2 loosely-bound rays, the tips of which may become torn apart, bases slightly behind tip of humeral symphysis, a head- length in front of origin of anal; pectorals broken. Color in alcohol: Raw sienna; fins, lateral line, branchiostegal membranes, margin of eye, and lips dusky brownish-black; inside of mouth washed with plumbeous; peritoneum very dark seal brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74134, U.S.N.M., a single example 32 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5299 (lat. 20° 5’ 00’ N.; long. 116° 5’ 00’’ E.), in the China Sea south of Hongkong, at a depth of 524 fathoms, on a bottom of gray mud and sand. MONOMITOPUS MICROLEPIS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 9, fig. 3. Dorsal 95; caudal 8; anal 78; ventrals 1; pectorals 28. Head 4.52 (5 in total length), long, rather pointed in the adult; body elongate, compressed, greatest depth 5.58 (6.25 in total length) ; eye 5.32, small, elliptical-oval; snout 3.85, long, slightly overhang- ing mouth; mouth of moderate size, slightly oblique, upper jaw overhanging lower; maxillary 1.92, reaching beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye for a distance nearly equal to five-eighths diameter of eye, its expanded posterior end very slightly incised ; teeth small, villiform, the patch on vomer ,-shaped; interorbital 3.71, broadly convex; opercle armed with a single sharp spine; angle of preopercle with a deep incision, the spine-like tips above and below this flat and thin (smaller examples have the double incision more closely approximating the form found in the type of the genus); pseudobranchie very small, of 2 filaments, partially concealed in a depression; gill rakers 5+17, the longest about five- eighths diameter of eye, the 7 outer ones on lower arch reduced to mere protuberances; a ring of 11 pyloric ceca around the pylorus, one on each side being on the neighboring part of the gut, those on the sides being much longer, finger-like; scales smaller than in re- lated species, cycloid, more or less deciduous, covering head and body, and forming a sheath along base of dorsal and anal, 12 or 13 in a series from origin of dorsal to and including lateral line, 35 from origin of anal to lateral line; as in typical examples, radial strie are found only on the basal end of the scale, but the concentric lines are fewer in number and farther apart; lateral line distinct, disappearing at a point slightly less than length of head from base of caudal. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal, the last rays extend- ing to middle of caudal fin; distance of dorsal from tip of snout 3.84 no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 151 (4.31 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 2.42 (2.72 in total length); distance of anal from lower pectoral base 1.16 in head; ventrals slender, close together, each consisting of 2 closely bound rays, the inner 1.67 in head, ventral base slightly behind tip of humeral symphysis, at a distance from anal somewhat greater than length of head; pectoral 1.56. Color in alcohol: Ground color burnt umber, darkest on back and head; fins and peritoneum dark seal brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74156, U.S.N.M., 25 em. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5410 (lat. 10° 28’ 45’’ N.; long. 124° 05’ 30” E.), between Cebu and Leyte, at a depth of 385 fathoms, on a bottom of green mud. This species differs from JM. nigripinnis in the more elongate form of head and body, smaller eye, smaller scales, and darker coloration. Genus MONOMEROPUS Garman. Monomeropus GARMAN, Deep Sea Fishes, 1899, p.158, malispinosus. (No generic description. ) Brotulids similar in structure and appearance to Monomitopus but distinguished by the more cavernous structure of the head and weaker armature of opercle and preopercle; by the more rudimentary charac- ter of the lateral line which ends above or slightly behind origin of anal; by the smaller number and the more rudimentary character of the pyloric ceca; and by the smaller ventral filaments. MONOMEROPUS GARMANI Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 10, fig. 1. Dorsal 96; caudal 8; anal 80; ventrals 1; pectorals 31. Head 4.91 (5.20 in total length), short, deep, slightly depressed anteriorly, strongly arched posteriorly; body compressed, greatest depth 5.52 (5.85 in total length); eye 5.30, small, subcircular; snout 4.08, short, as broad as long, very slightly overhanging mouth; mouth large, oblique, upper jaw overhanging lower; maxillary 1.77, reaching beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye for about 0.7 an eye diameter, posterior end expanded, its breadth equal to diame- ter of eye, upper margin slipping under suborbital; teeth small, villi- form; head of vomer prominent, knob-like, covered with teeth, a narrow short series on each side extending backward nearly to pala- tines; interorbital 3.21, broad, convex; nostrils widely separated; opercle armed with a single slender spine; angle of preopercle with a double incision, and traces of three flat, weak points, weaker than in typical examples of Monomitopus; pseudobranchie consisting of 2 small filaments, gill-rakers 5 +22, long, slender, longest 0.65 diameter of eye; a ring of 5 small, rudimentary cceca extending around the pylorus; scales small, cycloid, deciduous, covering head and body, 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 44, and forming a sheath along base of dorsal and anal; 7 or 8 scales in a series from origin of dorsal to and including lateral line, 25 from origin of anal to lateral line; sculpturing of scale as in typical examples of Monomitopus; lateral line inconspicuous, disappearing at a point slightly behind origin of anal. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; distance of dorsal from tip of snout 4.13 (4.37 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 2.57 (2.72 in total length); ventrals short, slender, very close together, broken, presumably less than 0.25 length of head; pectorals 1.83, broad, scaled at base. Color in alcohol: Clove-brown; opercular region blackish; fins somewhat darker; peritoneum dark seal brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74135, U.S.N.M., 27.5 em. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5610 (lat. 0° 36’ 00’’ S.; long. 122° 01’ 007’ E.), in the Gulf of Tomini, Celebes, at a depth of 678 fathoms, on a bottom of gray mud. This species is named in honor of Dr. Samuel Garman in recognition of his noteworthy contributions to our knowledge of deep-sea fishes. Genus BARATHRODEMUS Goode and Bean. BARATHRODEMUS NASUTUS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 10, fig. 2. Dorsal 99; caudal 9; anal 81; ventrals 2; pectorals 24. Head 4.78 (5.38 in total length), fleshy covering entirely concealing bony structure; body short, deep, so thin that the mterneurals and interhemals are discernible, ‘strongly arched, greatest depth 4.25 (4.77 in total length); eye 6.40, small, elliptical oval; snout 4, much produced and dilated, overhanging mouth; mouth small, inferior, nearly horizontal, upper jaw overhanging lower; maxillary 2.28, short, almost entirely concealed by suborbital, posterior end dilated, truncate, extending beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye for 0.8 an eye-diameter; teeth small, villiform; patch on vomer broadly A-shaped; opercle armed with a single slender, sharp spine; almost entirely concealed by skin; preopercle unarmed, the fleshy skin covering both it and opercle continuous; pseudobranchiz small, rudimentary; gill-filaments short; gill-rakers 4+19, those on upper arch and near end of lower arch reduced to small protuberances, the longest about 0.63 diameter of eye; no pyloric caeca; scales small, cycloid, persistent, entirely covering head and body, forming a scaly sheath at base of dorsal and anal, about 39 scales in a series from origin of anal to dorsal; the sculpturing of the scale essentially as in Neobythites; lateral line absent. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; distance of dorsal from tip of snout 4.50 (5.06 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 2.64 (2.96 in total length); ventrals small, each consisting oes no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADOLIFFE. 153 of 2 branched rays, separated at tip, the inner slightly longer, 2.60 in head, tips of rays expanded; ventral base behind tip of humeral symphysis; pectorals narrow, pointed, twice as long as ventrals. Color in alcohol: Body sepia; sides, ventral surface of head, belly, and fins, slightly darker; peritoneum dark seal brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74136, U.S.N.M., 17.2 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5609 (lat. 0° 11’ 00’ S.; long. 121° 16’ 00’” K.), in the Gulf of Tomini, Celebes, at a depth of 1,092 fathoms, on a bottom of green mud. The collection contains 2 smaller examples from the neighboring station 5608, taken at a depth of 1,089 fathoms. Genus BASSOGIGAS Gill. Bassogigas GILL Ms., in Goode and Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 1895, p. 328, pterotus. This genus is closely related to Barathrodemus, distinguished by the shorter snout which does not project beyond the terminal mouth and is not dilated; by the less elevated, more robust form of the body. The head is firmer, less spongy, the lower preopercular margin is free, the opercular spine is strong and each ventral is divided nearly to its base. Except for traces of a few rudimentary pores near head, the lateral line is indistinguishable. BASSOGIGAS ZZQUATORIS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 10, fig. 3. Dorsal 104; caudal 9; anal 87; ventrals 2; pectorals 19. Head 5.06 (5.65 in total length), bluntly rounded anteriorly, arched posteriorly, firmer than and not as fleshy as in Barathrodemus; body not strongly arched, somewhat compressed, greatest depth 6.07 (6.78 in total length); eye 6.80, small, elliptical-oval; snout 3.78, scarcely projecting beyond mouth; mouth of moderate size, subterminal, nearly horizontal, lower jaw included; maxillary 1.96, reaching an eye diameter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, posterior end dilated, truncate; teeth small, villiform, the patch on vomer broadly j-shaped; opercle armed with a single long, sharp poimted spine; preopercle unarmed; pseudobranchiz consisting of 2 small filaments; gill-filaments short; gill-rakers 4+ 15, short, those on outer ends of arch reduced to small protuberances; pyloric cceca absent; scales small, cycloid, persistent, entirely covering head and body, fleshy bases of dorsal and anal covered with scales; about 32 scales in a series from origin of anal to dorsal; sculpturing of scales similar to that found in Barathrodemus; lateral line represented by a few rudimentary pores near head., Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; distance of dorsal from tip of snout 4.30 (4.80 in total length); distance of anal from tip 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44. of snout 2.45 (2.74 in total length); ventrals short, widely separated at base, each consisting of 2 superimposed divided rays, spatulate at tip, the upper ray longest, 2.55 in head; ventral base behind tip of humeral symphysis; pectorals narrow, pointed, elongate, 4.16 (4.65 in total length), tips reaching beyond base of anal; distance from base of lower pectoral rays to anal slightly greater than length of head. Color in alcohol: Body burnt umber; head and belly with a grayish cast; fins and peritoneum dark seal brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74137, U.S.N.M., 28.8 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5608 (lat. 00° 08’ 00’’ S.; long. 121° 19’ 00’ E.), in the Gulf of Tomini, Celebes, at a depth of 1,089 fathoms, on a bottom of gray mud. This species may prove inseparable from B. pterotus of Alcock, but differs markedly from his description in having fewer rays in the dorsal and anal, and in the shorter distance between base of pectoral and first anal ray. ENCHELYBROTULA Smithand Radcliffe, new genus. A Bassogigas-like form, with a more elongate, anguilliform body. Mouth short, broad, teeth small, in a single series on jaws, vomer and palatines; eye small, deep-set; opercular spine feeble, covered with skin; pseudobranchie absent; gill-rakers few, small, tubercle-like; branchiostegals 7; ventral filaments bifid; stomach greatly elongated, opening of pylorus on mesial portion of its ventral surface, no pyloric ceeca; urinary bladder exceedingly large. Type of the genus.—Enchelybrotula paucidens, new species. ENCHELYBROTULA PAUCIDENS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 11, fig. 1. Dorsal 125; caudal 10; anal 90; ventrals 2; pectorals 22. Head 7.70 (8.42 in total length), short, bluntly rounded anteriorly, slightly arched posteriorly, angles of skull obscured by the thick fleshy skin; a row of small pores from upper angle of opercle extending forward nearly to eye, thence downward to maxillary, around lower margin of snout; other pores on lower lip, along margin of preopercle, and one on either side on occiput; body elongate, compressed, anguil- liform, greatest depth 7.14 (7.82 in total length); eye 9.28 in head, 3 in interorbital, small, circular, very deep set in the alcoholic example, outside covering of skin transparent; snout 3.71, low, bluntly rounded, scarcely projecting beyond mouth; mouth short, broader than long, terminal; lower jaw included; maxillary 2.32, reaching slightly beyond. vertical from posterior margin of eye, with a fleshy covering of skin; teeth small, reduced to a single series on jaws, vomer and palatines; opercular spine short, blunt, entirely covered by skin; preopercle unarmed, lower margin free; pseudobranchie absent; gills xo. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 155 4, asmall slit behind the fourth; gill-filaments short; gill-rakers 4+5, reduced to slight protuberances; branchiostegals 7; pyloric ceca absent; stomach greatly elongated, opening to pylorus on lower mesial portion; urinary bladder greatly enlarged, nine-sixteenths as long as head, its breadth about 0.55 its length; scales long, elliptical oval, cycloid, persistent, entirely covering head and body; fleshy covering of dorsal and anal scaled, sculpturing as in related genera; lateral line indistinguishable, scales from origin of anal to dorsal 43, about 200 transverse rows between angle of opercle and base of caudal. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; distance of dorsal from tip of snout 6.42 (7 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 2.41 (2.64 in total length) ; both dorsal and anal covered with thick skin; ventrals long, each consisting of 2 divided rays, their basal portions joined together for a distance equal to twice diameter of eye, inner ray longest, a little longer than head, bases of ventrals close together, behind tip of humeral symphysis; pectorals short, acutely rounded, 1.30 in head; distance from base of lower rays to anal 3.57 (3.90 in total length). Color in alcohol: Olivaceous; margin of opercle, lips, and fins slightly darker; the posterior rays of dorsal and anal and the caudal _ clove brown; peritoneum cinnamon, punctulate with darker. Type.—Cat. No. 74138, U.S.N.M., 54.7 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5608 (lat. 00° 08’ 00’’ S.; long. 121° 19’ 00’’ K.), in the Gulf of Tomini, Celebes, at a depth of 1,089 fathoms, on a bottom of gray mud. Genus ERETMICHTHYS Garman. ERETMICHTHYS REMIFER Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 11, fig. 2. Dorsal 124; caudal 8; anal 100; ventrals 1; pectorals 26 (11415). Head 5.82 (6.32 in total length), flattened anteriorly, the loose fleshy covering obscuring the angles of the skull; body slender, strongly compressed posteriorly, greatest depth 7.46 (8.12 in total length); eye 8.60 in head, small, elliptical-oval, about one-third interorbital space, less than one-half length of snout; snout 3.91, broad, blunt, scarcely projecting beyond mouth; mouth wide, shghtly oblique, the lower jaw included; maxillary 2.02, reaching an eye diameter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, largely concealed by suborbital, lower angle longer, acute; teeth in villiform bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; opercular spine feeble; pre- opercle entire, produced backward nearly to posterior margin of opercle; pseudobranchiz consisting of 2 small filaments; gill fila- ments short; gill-rakers 4+21, slender, the longest one and two- 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, thirds times as long as eye; pyloric ceca absent; scales small, decidu- ous, entirely covering head and body; lateral line indistinguishable. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; dorsal origin close to head, its distance from tip of snout 6.58 (7.16 in total length); caudal narrow, elongate, pointed; origin of anal a head-length behind base of lower pectoral rays, its distance from tip of snout about one- third standard length; ventrals simple, 1.26 in head, bases close together, behind tip of humeral symphysis; upper 11 pectoral rays shorter than head, lower rays greatly produced, less flexible, bound together and thickened near base, the longest 3.12 (3.40 in total length). Color in alcohol: Cinnamon, darker shades on head and belly; fins light olivaceous; stomach and peritoneum dark chestnut brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74139, U.S.N.M., 27.2 cm. long, taken with a beam trawl at station 5609 (lat. 00° 11’ 00’’ S.; long. 121° 16’ 00’” E.), in the Gulf of Tomini, Celebes, at a depth of 1,092 fathoms, on a bottom of green mud. Genus BASSOZETUS Gill. BASSOZETUS ROBUSTUS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 11, fig. 3. Dorsal 120; caudal 9; anal 102; ventrals 1; pectorals 25. Head 4.67 (5.14 in total length), its depth nearly twice its breadth, about 0.85 its length, large, compressed, depressed anteriorly, strongly arched posteriorly, bones soft and cavernous, a prominent inter- narial ridge, and a ridge near each side of interorbital space, these slightly diverging posteriorly, separated by a deep concavity, with a smaller concavity lying between ridges and eyes (in life these con- cavities were probably much less distinct), a distinct prominence above and behind each eye; body robust anteriorly, tapering regu- larly, greatest depth 5.45 (6 in total length); eye 10 in head, 2.64 in snout, small, elliptical-oval; snout 3.78, somewhat swollen, as broad as interorbital, not projecting beyond mouth; mouth large, oblique, lower jaw included, its tip when closed fitting into a toothless space between intermaxillary bands of teeth; maxillary 1.84, with a deep groove posteriorly, dilated behind to nearly twice diameter of eye, extending 2 eye diameters beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, posterior margin sinuous, upper margin concealed under ex- panded suborbital; teeth small, sharp, in broad bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; band on vomer broadly ,-shaped, each arm being bent with the convexity inward; tongue large, broad and pointed, margins thin, tip reaching within slightly more than an eye diameter of tip of mandible; opercular spine very feeble, broad, flat, covered with skin not extending as far backward and not nearly as no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. naw distinct as in 6. compressus; preopercle unarmed, broadly rounded, its upper margin oblique; both opercle and preopercle with radiating strie; pseudobranchiz consisting of two short, thick, filaments; gill filaments short, 12 well developed gill-rakers on lower arch, the longest 1.4 times diameter of eye; no pyloric ceca; scales small, deciduous, covering head and body, and fleshy bases of dorsal and anal; about 32 scales in a series from origin of anal to dorsal (the scales are lost, but appear to have been smaller than in other de- scribed forms); lateral line indistinguishable. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; dorsal origin close to head, its distance from tip of snout 4.95 (5.46 in total length); caudal narrow, elongate, pointed; origin of anal about 0.66 length of head behind base of lower pectoral rays, its distance from tip of snout 2.77 (3.05 in total length); ventrals simple, 1.20 in head, tips reaching to vent, bases close together, behind tip of humeral sym- physis; pectorals simple, about 1.63 in head. Color in alcohol: Back and sides of body buff; belly with dusky black shades; head gray, blackish underneath; opercles, branchi- ostegals and lips blackish; fins dusky; inside of mouth grayish; in- side of gill-coverings and peritoneum dark chestnut brown; fins dusky; marginal portion of dorsal and anal darker than basal portion. Type.—Cat. No. 74140, U.S.N.M., 36 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5349 (lat. 10° 54’ 00’’ N.; long. 118° 26’ 20’ E.), in Palawan Passage, at a depth of 730 fathoms, on a bottom of coral and sand. In this species the scales are smaller, the ventrals longer, the body more robust, opercular spine weaker and coloration lighter than in the type of B. compressus Giinther. His example, 5.5 inches long, taken at station 205, Philippine Islands, had longer ventrals as in robustus and may have been this species. BASSOZETUS ELONGATUS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 11, fig. 4. Dorsal 118; caudal 10; anal 102; ventrals 1; pectorals 22. Head 5.43 (5.86 in total length), its depth less than twice its breadth about 0.75 its length; compressed, depressed anteriorly, arched posteriorly, bones soft and cavernous; ridges on head promi- nent, arranged as in robustus; body slender, compressed, elongate, tapering regularly, greatest depth 7.41 (8 in total length); eye 12.1 in head, 2.64 in snout, small, elliptical-oval; snout 4.55, swollen, slightly broader than interorbital, not projecting beyond mouth; mouth large, oblique, lower jaw included; maxillary 1.91, hollowed out and dilated posteriorly, its greatest breadth equal to its projec- tion beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, more than twice diameter of eye, slipping for nearly its entire breadth under expanded 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44. suborbital bones; teeth small, sharp, in broad bands on jaws, vomer and palatines; band on vomer similar to that in B. robustus, except that the head of the vomer projects downward much more strongly; tongue not as broad as in robustus, margins rounded, tip pointed, its distance from tip of mandible 1.7 times diameter of eye; opercular spine feeble, covered with skin, extending nearly to tip of opercular flap; preopercle unarmed, more evenly rounded than in robustus; pseudobranchie consisting of 2 short filaments; gill-filaments very short; 16 long, well-developed gill-rakers on lower arch, the longest 1.7 times diameter of eye; pyloric cceca absent; scales large, deciduous, covering head and body and fleshy bases of dorsal and anal; it is impossible to determine accurately their number, but there appear to have been between 16 and 20 between origin of anal and dorsal; lateral line indistinguishable. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; dorsal origin close to head, its distance from tip of snout 5.63 (6.08 in total length) ; caudal very narrow and elongate; origin of anal about 0.7 length of head behind base of lower pectoral rays, its distance from tip of snout 3.10 (3.33 in total length); ventrals simple, about 1.90 in head, bases close together behind tip of humeral symphysis; pectorals about 1.90. Color in alcohol: Body hair brown, becoming blackish on belly; head plumbeous, blackish underneath, darkest on opercles, branchi- ostegals and lips; fins dusky; inside of mouth grayish; inside of gill- covering and peritoneum dark chestnut brown; stomach brownish. Type.—Cat. No. 74141, U.S.N.M., 48 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5608 (lat. 0° 08’ 00’’ S.; long. 121° 19’ 00’’ E.), in the Gulf of Tomini, Celebes, at a depth of 1,089 fathoms, on a bottom of gray mud. This species differs from B. robustus in the feebler bony structure of the head, the slenderer, more elongate body, larger scales, and greater prominence of the vomer, smaller tongue, smaller eye, shorter ventrals, and darker coloration. MASTIGOPTERUS Smith and Radcliffe, new genus. Body mixoniform, tapering gradually into the long, slender tail; head large, thick, with large sinuses and pores; bones of head heavy, firm; jaws nearly equal; teeth in narrow villiform bands in jaws and on vomer, in broad bands on palatines; pseudobranchie absent; 10 well-developed gill-rakers on first arch; branchiostegals 8; pyloric coeca rudimentary; operculum armed with a thin, flat, triangular spine, nearly concealed by scales; dorsal fin higher than anal; caudal fin elongate, of few rays on a very narrow base; pectoral fins of 10 rays, greatly produced, more than half total length, basal portion narrow, constricted, thickened, distal portion filamentous, the rays more or less separated; ventral filaments long, each composed of 2 no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 159 nearly equal rays divided nearly to base; scales small, cycloid, cover- ing head and body; lateral line indistinguishable. Type of the genus.— Mastigopterus imperator, new species. / MASTIGOPTERUS IMPERATOR Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 12, fig. 1. Dorsal 142; caudal 6; anal 130; ventrals 2; pectorals 11. Head 5.42 (6.01 in total length), massive, arched posteriorly, large sinuses, more or less covered with transparent membrane, on infra- orbital, mandible, and preopercle; a row,of small pores extending over nape, another from upper angle of operculum to upper margin of eye, 3 pores on posterior part of interorbital; 2 large pores between anterior and 2 smaller ones between posterior nostrils; greatest breadth of head 1.4 in its depth; body robust, compressed posteriorly, tapering into a long, filamentous tail, greatest depth 5.54 (6.15 in total length) ; eye 7.42, moderate, elliptical-oval, high, directed slightly upward; snout 3.95, broad, little depressed, evenly rounded, not projecting beyond mouth; mouth large, oblique, lower jaw included; maxillary 1.82, strong, reaching an eye-diameter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, posterior end expanded, 1.5 times as long as eye, lower angle longer, acute; teeth small, villiform, in very narrow bonds on jaws and vomer, the vomerine patch crescent-shaped; band on right palatine bone nearly 0.5 as broad as long, broadest at the middle, anterior end broadly truncate; patch on left palatine with its inner margin strongly convex and with a deep incision near anterior end; interorbital 3.30, broad flattened, 2.25 times eye; nareal apertures large; opercle armed with a thin, flat triangular spine; preoperculum rounded, angle and horizontal margin with minute serrations; pseudo- branchiz absent; gill-filaments short; gill-rakers 4+ 15, 10 on lower limb prolonged, the longest nearly equal to eye; traces of several small, rudimentary pyloric coca; scales small, deciduous, covering head and body, and basal portions of dorsal, anal, and pectoral, about 45 in a row from origin of anal to dorsal; lateral line indistin- guishable. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; dorsal fin much higher than the anal, the longest as long as snout plus eye; dorsal origin above base of pectoral, its distance from tip of snout 4.68 (5.20 in total length); caudal fin of few rays on a very narrow base longest rays more than 0.5 as long as head; origin of anal from tip of snout 2.65 (2.94 in total length), its rays shorter than those of the dorsal; ventrals bifid, inner ray slightly longer, 1.25 times as long as head, its tip reaching to vent; pectorals narrow at base, greatly produced, basal portion stiffened, the rays closely bound together, distal portion whip-like, the rays more or less separated, the longest more than 3.5 times as long as head, 1.48 (1.65 in total length). 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. 44. Color in alcohol: Body light clay, grayish white beneath scales; top of head pearl gray, cheeks and lips écru drab; opercle with blackish shades underneath; branchiostegals, inside of gill-cavity, and peritoneum dark seal brown; caudal, posterior rays and margin of anterior rays of dorsal and anal clove brown, outer pectoral rays dusky, remainder of fins body color. Type.—Cat. No. 74142, U.S.N.M., 53.5 em. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5495 (lat. 9° 06’ 30’’ N.; long. 125° 00’ 20’’ K.), between Leyte and Mindanao, at a depth of 976 fathoms, on a bottom of gray mud. MASTIGOPTERUS PRATOR Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 12, fig. 2. Dorsal 131; caudal 6; anal 115; ventrals 2; pectorals 11. Head 5.85 (6.51 in total length), dorsal outline relatively straight, very large sinuses on infraorbital, preopercle, and mandible; pores on top of head small, arranged as in imperator; greatest breadth of head two-thirds of its depth; body compressed, tapering into a long, slender tail, greatest depth 6.51 (7.24 in total length); eye 5.36, large, elliptical-oval, lateral; snout 3.93, low, rather pointed, not projecting beyond mouth; mouth large, slightly oblique; maxil- lary 1.73 extending 0.5 an eye diameter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, posterior end somewhat expanded, its breadth equal to diameter of eye; teeth small, villiform, in narrow bands on jaws and vomer, vomerine patch ¢-shaped; palatine bands broad, as in imperator, inner margin anteriorly incised; tongue thick and fleshy; interorbital 3.28, flattened, about 1.6 times eye; opercle armed with a very thin flat spine, concealed by scales covering opercle; pre- operculum unarmed; pseudobranchie absent; gill-filaments very short; gill-rakers 5+15, 10 on lower arch prolonged, slender, the longest about three-fourths diameter of eye; pyloric caeca small, rudimentary; scales small, somewhat deciduous, covering head and body, and basal portions of dorsal, anal and pectoral, between 40 and 45 in a row from origin of anal to dorsal; lateral line indistinguishable. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; dorsal high, the longest rays slightly greater than snout plus eye; origin of dorsal above base of pectoral, its distance from tip of snout 5.48 (6.10 in total length); ventrals bifid, tips filamentous, the inner longer, 1.25 times as long as head, its tip reaching vent; pectorals narrow, similar in form to those of imperator, longest ray about 4.5 times as long as head. Color in alcohol: Clay, grayish-white underneath scales; cheeks, lips and pectorals écru drab; opercle with blackish shades under- neath; caudal, posterior rays and margin of anterior rays of dorsal and anal clove brown; peritoneum dark seal brown. no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 161 Type-—Cat. No. 74143, U.S.N.M., 38.4 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5628 (lat. 00° 28’ 30’’ S.; long. 127° 45’ 00’’ E.), in Patiente Strait, at a depth of 1,291 fathoms, on a bottom of gray mud. This species is distinguished from wmperator by the slenderer form of head and body, more conspicuous sinuses and pores on head, larger eye and correspondingly narrower interorbital, less deeply bifid ventrals, longer pectorals and fewer rays in the dorsal and anal. Genus GLYPTOPHIDIUM Alcock. GLYPTOPHIDIUM LUCIDUM Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 12, fig. 3. Dorsal 118; caudal 11; anal 100; ventrals 1; pectorals 24. Head 4.73 (4.95 in total length), large compressed, subquadrate in cross-section, somewhat arched posteriorly, cavernous, with thin, well marked crests as in species of the macrourid genus Hymeno- cephalus; body compressed, tapering into a long slender tail; greatest depth 5.50 (5.75 in total length); eye 3, large, elliptical-oval, orbital rims greatly expanded; snout 4.04 in head, 1.36 in eye; 1.24 in in- terorbital, short, blunt, depressed, with a distinct median ridge; mouth large, oblique, lower jaw included; maxillary 1.86, barely reaching vertical from posterior margin of eye, slipping under ex- panded suborbital; bands of small villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; vomerine patch ¢-shaped; interorbital 3.32, broad, flattened; opercle armed with a weak spine; preopercle with 2 small spines near angle; pseudobranchie represented by about 10 short filaments; gill-filaments short; gill-rakers 5+20, the longest less than 0.33 diameter of eye; about 6 short rudimentary appendages around pylorus; scales small, cycloid, more persistent than in G. argenteum; the frilled and crested bones of head apparently scaled in life; lateral line indistinguishable. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; origin of dorsal from tip of snout 4.76 (5 in total length); anal rays shorter than those of dorsal; origin of anal 2.82 (2.95 in total length); ventrals 1.72, longer than in argenteum, each composed of a simple filament, bases close together in advance of vertical from insertion of dorsal; pectoral 1.50. Color in alcohol: Body ochraceous buff, with silvery glints and dusky punctulations (much lighter than argentewm); head and belly cream buff, a dusky brown area at base of dorsal, dusky coloration most distinct on the base of each ray; fins light gray, more or less translucent; stomach and long, coiled intestine slate gray. Type.—Cat. No. 74144, U.S.N.M., 23 em. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5625 (lat. 00° 7’ 00’’ N.; long. 127° 28’ 00’ E.), 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—18——11 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 44, between Gillolo and Kayoa Islands, Dutch East Indies, at a depth of 230 fathoms, on a bottom of gray mud and fine sand. With the exception of one specimen, which came from Palawan Passage, all of our examples were taken in the region of Gillolo Island. All of our examples of G. argentewm are from the interisland waters of the Philippine Archipelago, and are readily separable from this species, having, a much darker coloration, smaller eye, the frill-like bony crests of the head less firm, and the ventrals shorter. GLYPTOPHIDIUM OCEANIUM Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 12, fig. 4. Dorsal 128; caudal 9; anal 90; ventrals 2; pectorals 23. Head 4.81 (5 in total length), rather more pointed and depressed than in related species, crests firmer; body slender, compressed, tapering into a slender tail; greatest depth 5.94 (6.18 in total length) ; eye 3.23, large, broadly elliptical-oval; orbital rims expanded, scarcely as prominent as in ducidum; snout 3.65 in head, 1.13 in eye, equal to interorbital, rather blunt, median dorsal ridge distinct; mouth large, oblique, upper jaw overlapping lower, except at tip, where the knob at tip of mandibular symphysis projects slightly; maxillary 1.79, scarcely reaching vertical from posterior margin of eye, slipping under expanded suborbital; bands of small villiform teeth on jaws, vomer and palatines; interorbital flattened, slightly concave in the alcoholic examples; nostrils widely separated, anterior on anterior margin of snout, posterior close to eye; opercular spine slender, slightly stronger than in examples of lucidum, a weak incision above angle of preopercle; pseudobranchiz represented by 12 to 14 short filaments; gill-filaments short; gill-rakers long and slender, 9 +27, the longest one-half diameter of eye; about 8 slender append- ages around pylorus, better developed than in lucidum; scales small, eycloid, deciduous; lateral line indistinguishable. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; the dorsal more anterior in its insertion than i lucidum, its distance from tip of snout 5.46 (5.68 in total length); anal rays much shorter than those of dorsal; distance of anal from tip of snout 2.52 (2.62 in total length); ventrals consisting of 2 slender rays divided nearly to base, inner ray longest, 2.20 in head, bases close together in vertical from origin of dorsal; pectoral 1.62. Color in alcohol: Body raw sienna, darkest dorsally; head and belly somewhat lighter with silvery reflections; fins grayish, rays punctu- late with darker, especially the distal portion of anterior dorsal rays; gill-rakers and lining of gill-chamber adjacent to gills seal-brown; on gill-chamber this is margined with silvery; peritoneum seal-brown; stomach and intestine dark clove-brown. no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 163 Type.—Cat. No. 74145, U.S.N.M., 21 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5444 (lat. 12° 43’51’’N.; long. 124° 58’ 50’’ E.), in the Pacific Ocean north of Samar, at a depth of 308 fathoms, on a bottom of green mud. The collection contains 2 other examples, 1 from station 5298, Batangas Bay, Luzon, at a depth of 140 fathoms, and 1 from station 5331, west coast of Luzon, at a depth of 178 fathoms. This species is distinguished from the other Philippine forms in having the ventrals bifid. It appears to be more closely related to G. macropus of Alcock, from which it is distinguished by the much shorter ventral filaments, these being only about 0.5 as long as head (in macropus, Alcock states that their length is an eye diameter longer than head, and Brauer gives them as 1.5 to 2 times the length of the head), and by the larger number of pseudobranchial filaments, 12 to 14 (5 to 8 in macropus). The snout is longer and the inter- orbital narrower than in Brauer’s examples of macropus. Genus LAMPROGRAMMUS Alcock. LAMPROGRAMMUS MACROPTERUS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 13, fig. 1. Dorsal, 120; anal, 103; caudal, 9; pectoral, 21. Head 4.77 (5.05 in total length), compressed, nearly as deep as long, covered by thin scales and by mucous channels under the skin, the scales more persistent than in niger; body deep, much com- pressed, greatest depth 5 (5.28 in total length); eye 7.30 in head, 2.03 in snout, 2.10 in interorbital, lateral, subcircular, orbital bones less prominent than in niger; snout 3.60, broad, blunt, depressed, not projecting beyond mouth; mouth large, oblique, lower jaw in- cluded; maxillary 1.86, longer than in niger, reaching nearly an eye- diameter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, its upper and hinder edges concave, its greatest breadth 1.35 times diameter of eye; bands of villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines, those on intermaxillary broad, those on mandible somewhat narrower, especially anteriorly, but broader than in niger; vomerine patch A-shaped, broader than in niger, especially at the head of the vomer; interorbital 3.49, convex, narrower than in other forms; nareal aper- tures small, close together; opercle armed with a thin, flat spine, all except the tip concealed by skin; preopercle with a slight emargina- tion near the angle as in niger; no pseudobranchiz; gill-filaments short; gill-rakers 3+15, well developed, flattened, longest nearly equal to diameter of eye; 2 short, stout rudiments of pyloric ceca; scales small, cycloid, without radiating striz (differing in this respect from niger), covering head and body and bases of dorsal, anal, and pectorals; lateral line inconspicuous, not as wide as eye, the inner 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, plate-like scales much less distinct than in other described forms and the band of small scales covering plates more nearly equal in size to those above and below. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; origin of dorsal slightly in advance of base of pectoral, its distance from tip of snout slightly greater than length of head, 4.52 (4.78 in total length); origin of anal three-fourths of a head length behind base of lower pectoral rays, its distance from tip of snout 2.51 (2.66 in total length); ventrals absent; pectoral 1.72 in head, broader, and having more rays than other described forms. Color in alcohol: Clove brown, fins and branchiostegal membranes somewhat darker; inside of gill-covers and peritoneum dark seal brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74146, U.S.N.M., 54.5 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5648 (lat. 5° 35’ 00’ S.; long. 122° 20’ 00’’ E.), in Buton Strait, at a depth of 559 fathoms, on a bottom of green mud. The greater number of rays in dorsal, anal, and pectoral; the firmer texture of the scaly skin of head and body rendering the crests of head and the enlarged plates of lateral line much less conspicuous; the outer band of small scales covering plates scarcely differentiated from those above and below; and the character of the teeth distin- guish this species from other known forms. HYPOPLEURON Smith and Radcliffe, new genus. Body slender, elongate, Catzxtyzx-like, covered with small cycloid scales; head low, depressed, elongate, scaled; teeth on mandible in a narrow band, villiform, some of those in outer row somewhat en- larged; a pair of small canine-like teeth on either side of symphysis of upper jaw, premaxillary band villiform; patch on vomer f)-shaped, some of the teeth enlarged; band on palatines narrow with a few enlarged teeth; eyes lateral, high; opercle and preopercle unarmed. Vertical fins united; ventrals very small, simple, close together, situated behind tip of humeral symphysis; pectorals elongate, narrow. Gills 4, gill-filaments well developed, only 3 developed gill-rakers on first arch; pseudobranchie present. Branchiostegals 8. Pyloric cceca well developed. Lateral line broad anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly and disappearing on tail, structurally very much like Lamprogrammus, possessing the outer band of small scales pierced at regular intervals by pores, and an inner series of enlarged plate- like scales. Parapophyses of abdominal vertebre broadened, lengthened, and bent inward at ends and sides, the whole forming a large bony case con- taining the air bladder; the thickened ventral wall of the latter con- necting the free ends of the parapophyses; ribs of the vertebra which no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 165 bear the enlarged parapophyses greatly reduced, mere rudiments, the ends of median ones coalescent with the parapophyses. The accompanying photographs are fromthe type. (Pl.14.) The nearest approach to this remarkable development of the vertebre is found in the hake ( Merluccius), and two photographs of the abdominal verte- bre of Merluccius productus (Cat. No. 26495, U.S.N.M.) from Monte- rey, California, are shown for comparative purposes. (PI. 15.) Type of the genus.—Hypopleuron caninum, new species. HYPOPLEURON CANINUM Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 13, fig. 2; plate 14, 3 figs. Dorsal 160; caudal 12; anal 122; ventrals 1; pectorals 24. Head 5.12 (5.18 in total length), low, pointed, depressed, elongate, dorsal contour nearly horizontal, greatest breadth about 1.4 times greatest depth; body slender, elongate, strongly compressed pos- teriorly, greatest depth 8.28 (8.52 in total length); eye 6.78 in head, 1.68 in snout, 1.42 in interorbital, high, lateral, elliptical-oval; snout 4.05, depressed, pointed; mouth large, oblique, lower jaw narrow, projecting beyond tip of upper; maxillary 2.39, reaching vertical from posterior margin of eye, expanded posteriorly, greatest breadth equal to diameter of eye; mandibular teeth in narrow bands, small, villiform, interspersed with a few slightly enlarged teeth on sides, premaxillary band of teeth somewhat wider, villiform, a pair of small, incurved canine teeth on anterior margin, vomerine teeth unequal, in a 9-shaped patch; palatine band narrow, a few enlarged teeth present; interorbital 4.78, broad, flattened; nostrils close together, anterior circular, with a raised margin; opercle and pre- opercle unarmed; pseudobranchizw present, consisting of about 6 small filaments; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; gill-filaments well developed, only 3 gill-rakers developed on anterior arch; branchi- ostegals 8; stomach nearly as long as head; pyloric ceca well developed, about 10 in a row along each side of gut adjacent to the pylorus; the abdominal vertebre with strongly expanded dipper- shaped parapophyses, extending slightly downward and outward as in Merluccius, thence inward forming a bony case nearly enclosing cavity normally occupied by air bladder; the margin of each para- pophysis strongly infolded, forming a cup shaped pocket; mesially the tips of the ribs are coalesced with the parapophyses, on the ninth vertebra the tip of the slender rib is free, at about the thirteenth the rib is entirely free; the free ends of the parapophyses are united by a thick walled integument; this structure as is the case in species of Merluccius represents the ventral wall of the air bladder so that in caninum it is confined within the bony case formed by the expanded parapophyses; scales small, cycloid, somewhat deciduous; tip of snout and a narrow area including nostrils and extending backward 166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44. to eye, and the fold at upper angle of opercular flap, naked; lateral line anteriorly nearly 0.33 diameter of eye in width, narrowing posteriorly, disappearing at about 0.5 a head length from base of caudal; structurally it resembles Lamprogrammus, having an outer band of smail scales, pierced at regular intervals by pore-like struc- tures, and underneath a single row of enlarged, plate-like scales. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; origin of dorsal a head length behind tip of snout; distance of anal from tip of snout 2.22 (2.28 in total length); ventrals short, simple, about equal to diameter of eye, bases close together inserted behind humeral sym- physis; pectoral 1.41 in head, long, narrow, its tip extending more than halfway to origin of anal. Color in alcohol: Back and sides raw umber; belly straw yellow, punctulate with black dots; vertical fins similar to adjacent body color, punctulate with black, the black margin of the dorsal and anal widening posteriorly to include entire fin; pectoral dusky. Type.—Cat. No. 74147, U.S.N.M., 57 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5626 (lat. 00° 07’ 30’’ N.; long. 127° 29’ 00”’ E.), near Kayoa Island, Dutch East Indies, at a depth of 265 fathoms, on a bottom of gray mud and fine sand. There are two small examples in the collection which appear to be referable to this species, one 22 cm. long from station 5372 (150 fathoms) near Marinduque Island, west coast of Luzon, the second 18.9 em. long, from station 5523, between Negros and Mindanao. The form and structure of this fish indicate that it is a very active species, not confining itself to the bottom regions. The body is firm and the pectorals are large and powerful. The exposed ventral wall of the air bladder is thick and muscular, attached at the sides to the roughened ends of the parapophyses; inside the bony case the wall is thin. Each of the hollow parapophyses was filled with a dark reddish mass undoubtedly rich in capillaries. It seems highly probable that this remarkable structure was of use to the fish in accommodating itself to rapidly changing conditions of pressure. Genus DIPLACANTHOPOMA Ginther. In his description of the genus Giinther' says: ‘‘Gills four, with lanceolate, widely-set gill-rakers and well-developed laminz. Pseu- dobranchiz none.” ‘The Philippine species has small gill-filaments, only 3 developed gill-rakers on the first arch, the remaining gill- rakers reduced to small knob-like protuberances; pseudobranchie present, consisting of 2 small filaments; armature of operculum not unlike that of many other brotulids, the lower plate-like spine being a little more in evidence because of the absence of a covering of scales, but not a true spine as shown in the ‘illustration of the type 1 Deep-Sea Fishes, Challenger Report, 1887, p. 115. no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 167 of Diplacanthopoma; margin of preopercle partially free; dorsal and anal with a fleshy, scaleless sheath extending nearly to tips of rays anteriorly; ventral filaments simple, each composed of 2 closely bound rays; pyloric cceca indistinguishable; branchiostegals 8; head covered with a fleshy scaleless skin, with a few minute, scattered cilia. Lloyd * has examined the types of D. rivers-andersoni and raniceps of Alcock and finds pseudobranchiz present, represented by two very short, slender filaments. These species agree closely with the Philip- pine form. If the characters for Diplacanthopoma are correctly given, there would seem to be no doubt that these forms are at least subgenerically distinct. For them the name Sarcocara (new sub- generic name) is proposed, based on the Philippine species herein described. DIPLACANTHOPOMA (SARCOCARA) BRUNNEA Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 13, fig. 3. Dorsal 134; caudal 6; anal 104; ventrals 1; pectorals 25. Head 3.67 (3.92 in total length), large, depressed anteriorly, arched posteriorly, covered with a thick scaleless skin, the line of demarcation between head and body very distinct; body compressed, elongate, greatest depth 4.93 (5.26 in total length), eye 5.10, elliptical- oval; snout 4.40, depressed, slightly longer than eye; mouth large, oblique, lower jaw included; maxillary 2.27, reaching 0.4 of an eye diameter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, its upper margin concealed under expanded suborbital; bands of small villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines, a few teeth near symphysis of upper and lower jaw, and’on vomer slightly enlarged, the mandibular patch slightly narrower than that on intermaxillaries, the patch on vomer broadly ,-shaped; interorbital 3.64, broader than eye, flat- tened; anterior nostril with a collar-like margin, situated close to edge of snout, posterior nostril large, close to eye; opercle armed with a long, slender spine at angle, a small spine-like projection opposite angle of preopercle, these 2 diverging opercular spines being connected by a thin, plate-like structure; this structure is developed to a greater or less degree in other brotulids, but is usually much less distinct, being covered by scales; preopercle unarmed; pseudo- branchiz consisting of 2 small filaments; gill filaments very short; 3 of the gill-rakers at angle of arch moderately developed, the rest reduced to knob-like protuberances; no pyloric cceca; scales small, cycloid; head naked; bases of dorsal and anal concealed in a thick scaleless skin, similar to that covering head; lateral line rudimentary, traces of pores anteriorly. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; origin of dorsal over axil of pectoral, its distance from tip of snout 3.28 (3.51 in total 1 Records of the Indian Museum, vol. 1, pt. 1, 1897, p. 10; Memoirs of the Indian Museum, vol. 2, No. 8, 1909, p. 165. 168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. length); distance of anal from tip of snout 2.12 (2.27 in total length), its distance from base of lower pectoral rays 1.34 in head; ventrals 2.22 in head, short, each consisting of 2 closely bound rays; bases of ventrals close together, behind humeral symphysis, more than a head-length in advance of origin of anal; pectoral 1.82, narrow. Color in alcohol: Body Broccoli brown; top and sides of head and fleshy covering of bases of vertical fins light chestnut; under side of head whitish; inside of gill-cover light chestnut; peritoneum dark chestnut. Type.—Cat. No. 74148, U.S.N.M., 20 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5348 (lat. 10° 57’ 45’’ N.; long. 118° 38’ 15” K.), in Palawan Passage, at a depth of 375 fathoms, on a bottom of coral and sand. Genus GRAMMONUS Gill. The Philippine species which we have assigned to this genus differs from Sarcocara in having the body relatively short and deep, the tail not attenuated; the scales persistent, present on cheeks, opercle and occiput; no palatine teeth; eyes slightly upturned; a single opercular spine visible; preopercle well ossified, with a broad obtuse angled point on its posterior margin; lateral line distinct, interrupted mesially, the 2 parts overlapping the same vertical; a short but broad flap-like appendage on each side of the pylorus; dorsal rays about 84; anal about 60. GRAMMONUS ROBUSTUS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 13, fig. 4. Dorsal 84; caudal 9; anal 60; ventrals 1; pectorals 25; scales about 14+ 24-80. Head 3.51 (3.87 in total length), broad, depressed anteriorly, strongly arched posteriorly, a few small cilia present; body short, deep, compressed posteriorly, greatest depth 3.82 (4.21 in total length) eye 5.70 in head, 1.38 in snout, small, circular, dorso-lateral; snout 4.12, low, wide, bluntly rounded; mouth large, slightly oblique, lower jaw included; maxillary 1.68, extending for more than an eye diameter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, upper margin slipping under suborbital, posterior end expanded, truncate, 1.23 times diameter of eye; a narrow band of villiform teeth on mandible, a somewhat broader band of similar teeth on premaxillary, each arm of patch on vomer slightly incurved, palatine teeth absent; inter- orbital width equal to snout, broad, flat; opercle armed with a rather stout spine, nearly concealed by a scaly sheath; preopercle well ossified, a broad obtuse-angled point on its posterior margin; pseudobranchiz consisting of 2 small filaments; gill-filaments short; 3 developed gill-rakers on first arch; branchiostegals 8; a broad no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. 169 flaplike appendage on each side of the pylorus; scales small, cycloid, persistent; cheeks, opercles, and occiput covered with small incon- spicuous scales, rest of head naked; lateral line distinct, interrupted in the middle, the 2 parts overlapping the same vertical. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal, their bases sheathed with thin membranous skin; distance of origin of dorsal from tip of snout 2.85 (3.15 in total length); caudal narrow; distance of anal from tip of snout 1.80 (1.98 in total length); ventrals 2.47 in head, each composed of 2 rays closely united throughout their length, bases of ventrals close together; pectorals 1.40. Color in alcohol: Wood-brown; dorsal and anal dusky anteriorly, becoming dark clove brown posteriorly; the basal portion of caudal clove brown, distal portion somewhat lighter; pectorals dusky; peri- toneum silvery gray. Type.—Cat. No. 74149, U.S.N.M., 14.3 em. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5409 (lat. 10° 38’ 00’’ N.; long. 124° 13’ 08’’ E.), between Cebu and Leyte, at a depth of 189 fathoms, on a bottom of green mud. Genus CATA TYX Gunther. The Philippine species differs from Sarcocara in having the body slender, less attenuated, the head markedly depressed, porous; cheeks and opercle (and top of head posteriorly in the young) scaled; eyes superior; lower opercular spine very indistinct, covered with scales; a short ‘but broad flaplike appendage on each side of the pylorus; scales persistent; dorsal about 100; anal about 70. Diplacanthopoma squamiceps Lloyd‘ from the southeastern coast of Arabia should be included in the genus as characterized above. CATZTYX PLATYCEPHALUS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 16, fig. 1. Dorsal 98; caudal 11; anal 68; ventrals 1; pectorals 22. Head 4.08 (4.61 in total length), long, low-depressed, its width at eyes greater than its depth; outline of dorsal surface longitudinally very slightly concave, laterally broadly convex; a series of large pores on lower suborbital region, preopercle and mandible, 3 large pores in a line between eye and shoulder, 2 on top of head behind eye, 1 between eyes, and 2 in front of eyes; body slender, strongly compressed posteriorly, greatest depth 6.12 (6.92 in total length), 1.52 in head; eye 5.13, small, superior; snout 4.70, slightly longer than eye, broad and bluntly rounded; mouth wide, oblique, jaws subequal; maxillary 2.45, extending beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, upper margin slipping under suborbital; small, equal 1 Lloyd, Records of the Indian Museum, vol. 1, pt. 1, 1907, p. 10; Illustrations of the Zoology of the Investigator, Fishes, pl. 42, fig. 2, 2a, 1908, and Memoirs of the Indian Museum, vol. 2, No. 3, 1909, p. 165. 170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, villiform teeth in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatine; vomerine patch broadly ,-shaped; interorbital 8.06, very narrow and flat; anterior nostril tubular, on anterior margin of snout, posterior larger, near eye; opercle armed with a long slender spine, preopercle unarmed; pseudobranchiz consisting of 2 small filaments; gill-filaments short; 3 of the gill-rakers at angle of arch moderately developed, the others reduced to knoblike protuberances, as in D. (Sarcocara) brunnea; pyloric ceca two, short and thick, one on either side of the pylorus; ovaries large, fusiform, the wall thin and translucent; scales of moderate size, 26 in a row from origin of anal to dorsal; cheek and opercle scaled, those on post-orbital part of head apparently lost with age; traces of rudimentary pores parallel with the back to a point above vent, thence along middle of side to base of caudal; branchiostegals 8. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal, origin of dorsal behind axil of pectoral, its distance from tip of snout 3 (3.21 in total length); origin of anal slightly nearer tip of snout than tip of caudal; ventrals 2.17, each consisting of 2 closely bound rays, bases close together behind humeral symphysis, much more than a head length in advance of origin of anal; pectoral 1.86, narrow. Color in alcohol: Clay, the dark coloration of the peritoneum and lming of the gill-cavity showing through on belly and opercle; peritoneum brownish black. Type.—Cat. No. 74150, U.S.N.M., 13 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5618 (lat. 00° 37’ 00’’ N.; long. 127° 15’ 00’’ E.), in Molucca Passage, at a depth of 417 fathoms, on a bottom of gray mud. The type is a gravid female. The eggs are large and are contained in a large cigar-shaped capsule. Diplacanthopoma squamiceps Lloyd is very similar to this species. It differs in having the head slightly longer, fewer rays in the pectoral, and (if his figure is correct) ventrals bifid, scales larger, and origin of anal much nearer tip of caudal than tip of snout. There is one other example in the collection 7.8 em. in length from station 5515 (700 fathoms), off northern Mindanao. It has the top of the head scaled, as in squamiceps; the origin of the anal slightly farther back than in the type, but considerably farther . forward than in squamiceps. LUCIOBROTULA Smith and Radcliffe, new genus. Catetyzx-like brotulids, having the ventrals bifid, divided nearly to base; pyloric cceca absent; head pike-like; scales small, deciduous, scaling of top of head extending forward to front of eyes; eyes small; fleshy sheath at base of dorsal and anal scaled. Type of the genus.—Luciobrotula bartschi, new species. no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCLIFFE. yaa LUCIOBROTULA BARTSCHI Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 16, fig. 2. Dorsal, 85; caudal, 13; anal, 68; ventrals, 2; pectorals, 25. Head 4.40 (4.73 in total length), long, depressed, pike-like, porous, dorsal contour-line slightly concave; body relatively short, com- pressed, not markedly attenuated posteriorly, greatest depth 5.90 (6.34 in total length); eye small, dorso-lateral, 7.85 in head, 1.78 in snout, 1.28 in interorbital; snout 4.40, pointed, not projecting beyond mouth, mouth large, oblique, lower jaw included; maxillary 1.96, reaching for more than an eye-diameter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, posterior end expanded, 1.5 times as broad as eye, anterior upper margin slipping under expanded suborbital; bands of small villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines, vom- erine patch broadly p-shaped; interorbital 6.12, flattened; nostrils small, rather close together; opercle armed with 2 spines as in Sarcocara, the lower one rather inconspicuous; preopercle unarmed; pseudobranchiz present, represented by 2 small filaments; gills 4, a long slit behind the fourth; gill-filaments relatively short; only 3 developed gill-rakers on anterior arch; pyloric cceca absent; scales small, deciduous, covering body, cheeks, opercles, and top of head to front of eyes, apparently about 10 scales from origin of dorsal to and including lateral line, about 33 from anal to lateral line; lateral line indistinct, interrupted in the middle. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; dorsal posterior in its insertion, its distance from tip of snout 3.23 (3.47 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 1.95 (2.09 in total length); ventrals consisting of 2 flattened rays divided nearly to base,: inner ray longest 1.83 in head, their bases close together behind tip of humeral symphysis; pectoral 1.90, short, broad, acutely rounded. Color in alcohol: Body pinkish-buff, dark grayish on belly, becom- ing blackish in region of vent; opercular region blackish; cheek hight chestnut; rest of head with a grayish wash; scaly sheath of the dorsal and anal similar in coloration to the adjacent parts of body; fins margined with blackish, the dark area widening posteriorly; pectorals grayish at base, with a brownish wash distally; ventrals light browii. Type.—Cat. No. 74151, U.S.N.M., 26 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5348 (lat. 10° 57’ 45’’ N.; long. 118° 38’ 15’’ E.), in Palawan Passage, at a depth of 375 fathoms, on a bottom of coral and sand. This species is named in honor of Dr. Paul Bartsch, a member of the Albatross Philippine expedition and assistant curator in the National Museum. 172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44, Genus BYTHITES Reinhardt. The Philippine form which we have assigned to this genus differs from Sarcocara in having the body relatively short, the tail not attentuated; head high, thick; cheeks, opercles, and occiput covered with small inconspicuous scales (head said to be naked in type); eyes dorso-lateral; a short, thick, flap-like appendage on each side of the pylorus; scales small, subcircular, persistent; lateral line distinct, interrupted mesially, the 2 parts overlapping the same vertical; tips of clavicles loosely joined, apparently separate below; dorsal 76; anal 52. BYTHITES LEPIDOGENYS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 16, fig. 3. Dorsal 76; caudal 11; anal 52; ventrals 1; pectorals 20. Head 3.51 (3.85 in total length), large, thick, greatest breadth nearly equal to its depth, with small, scattered cirri; body short, compressed posteriorly, greatest depth 4.16 (4.57 in total length); eye 6, small, circular, dorso-lateral; snout 3.73, rounded, not mark- edly depressed; mouth broad, oblique, lower jaw included; maxil- lary 1.86, extending for about 0.4 an eye diameter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, nearly concealed by expanded subor- bital, posterior margin truncate, about as wide as eye; narrow bands of villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines, each arm of patch on vomer slightly incurved; interorbital 4.10, broadly convex; opercle armed with a single sharp spine; preopercle unarmed ; pseudo branchie consisting of 2 small filaments; gill-filaments short, only 3 developed gill-rakers on first arch; branchiostegals 8; a broad, flap-like appendage on each side of the pylorus; scales persistent; occiput, cheek, and opercle scaled, rest of head naked; 7 or 8 scales in a series from origin of dorsal to and including lateral line, 17 from origin of anal to lateral line; lateral line interrupted mesially, the 2 parts overlapping the same vertical. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; dorsal posterior in its insertion, its distance from tip of snout 2.82 (3.04 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 1.68 (1.84 in total length); basal portion of dorsal and anal with a scaleless, transparent membranous sheath; caudal short, pointed; ventrals 2.05 in head, composed of 2 flattened rays, united throughout their length, their bases close together behind humeral symphysis; tips of clavicles loosely joined, apparently separate at lower end; pectoral 1.71. Color in alcohol: Broccoli brown; belly with a grayish wash, becoming nearly black in front of vent; vertical fins dusky; paired fins grayish. ; Type.—Cat. No. 74152, U.S.N.M., 7.9 em. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5214 (lat. 12° 25’ 18’’ N.; long. 123° 37’ 15’ 4 no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADOCLIFFE. Oy ps E.), east of Masbate Island, at a depth of 218 fathoms, on a bottom of green mud. The characters of this species agree quite closely with those given for the genus Bythites, the main difference appearing to be the pres- ence of scales on cheek, opercle, and top of head posteriorly. These are inconspicuous and might easily be overlooked. XENOBYTHITES Smith and Radcliffe, new genus. Body relatively short, covered with small, thin scales. Head high depressed anteriorly, cheeks and opercles covered with small, incon- spicuous scales; a few small cilia scattered over naked portions of head; bones of skull firm; snout low; upper jaw very slightly over- hanging lower; narrow bands of slightly unequal villiform teeth on jaws and palatines; patch on vomer arched, the teeth mainly in 2 rows; eyes lateral; opercle armed with a slender spine; margin of preopercle armed with 5 or 6 spines, portion between spines incised; lateral line inconspicuous, interrupted in the middle, the two parts overlapping the same vertical. Branchiostegals 8; gill-filaments short; 6 developed gill-rakers on first arch; pseudobranchiz consist- ing of 2 small filaments; a short, thick, flap-like appendage on each side of the pylorus. Vertical fins united, dorsal about 85, anal about 72; ventrals absent; tips of clavicles apparently not united; pec- torals simple. Species viviparous. Type of the genus.—X enobythites armiger, new species. XENOBYTHITES ARMIGER Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 16, fig. 4. Dorsal about 85; caudal 8; anal 72; pectorals 22. Head 3.23 (3.47 in total length), short, depressed anteriorly, very strongly arched posteriorly, considerably deeper than broad, naked portions covered with small, scattered cilia; suborbital porous; body short, deep, strongly compressed posteriorly, belly decurved; greatest depth 3.64 (3.90 in total length); eye 5.50 in head, 1.32 in snout, 1.9 in interorbital, circular, lateral, but situated close to dorsal surface; snout 4.15, dorsal contour longitudinally very oblique, laterally evenly rounded; mouth broad, oblique, lower jaw slightly included; maxil- lary 2, extending about 0.5 an eye diameter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, the upper margin slipping under suborbital, the posterior end expanded, about as wide as eye; bands of slightly unequal villiform teeth on jaws and palatines; patch on vomer arched, mainly in 2 rows; interorbital 2.90, broad, slightly convex; opercle armed with a single slender spine; preopercle armed with 5 or 6 small, sharp spines, the portion between spines incised; pseudobranchie consisting of 2 small filaments; gill-filaments short; 6 developed gill-rakers on first arch; branchiostegals 8; tips of clavicular bones 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44, apparently free; a broad flap-like appendage on each side of the pylorus; scales persistent; cheeks and opercles covered with small inconspicuous scales, rest of head naked; lateral line inconspicuous, interrupted in the middle, the two parts overlapping the same vertical. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; dorsal posterior in its insertion, its distance from tip of snout 2.15 (2.31 in total length); distance of anal from tip of snout 1.92 (2.06 in total length); caudal short, pointed; ventrals absent; pectoral 2 in head. Color in alcohol: Clay color, becoming grayish ventrally; area in front of vent and median line of belly black; under side of head cream buff; fins translucent; peritoneum very dark seal brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74153, U.S.N.M., 7.6 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5504 (lat. 8° 35’ 30’’ N.; long. 124° 36’ 00’ E.), in Macajalar Bay, Mindanao, at a depth of 200 fathoms, on a bottom of green mud. A second example, 3.2 cm. in length, was taken at station 5624 (288 fathoms), near Makayan Island. Genus HEPHTHOCARA Alcock. HEPHTHOCARA CRASSICEPS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 17, figs. 1 and 2. Dorsal about 140; anal about 105; pectorals 19. Head 4.85 in total length, very large, broad, and deep, its breadth about 0.75 its length, its depth about equal to its length; upper surface of snout nearly horizontal, nearly on a level with upper margin of eye, from this point the contour line rises very abruptly, the posterior part of head being much inflated; ventral contour line rather deeply convex; bones of head thin, smooth, covered with a thin, scaleless, gelatinous integument; body compressed, not as deep as head, tapering to a long slender filament; eye 6.44 in head, 1.78 in snout, 2.33 in interorbital, small, circular, the membrane bones surrounding it projecting rather strongly; snout 3.62, short, blunt, broader than long, depressed; mouth very broad and oblique, lower jaw included, its tip coterminous with incised toothless margin of upper jaw lying between ends of premaxillaries; maxillary 1.87, all except the lower posterior margin concealed by suborbital, reaching about 0.5 an eye-diameter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye; anarrow band of small, unequal teeth with incurved tips on man- dible; a broad band of villiform teeth on premaxillaries; teeth on vomer and palatines in very narrow bands; nostrils very large and conspicuous, the diameter of the aperature of posterior nostril being 0.5 as long as eye; interorbital 2.76, broad, flattened; opercle armed with a rather weak spine; preopercle unarmed; pseudobranchize rudimentary; gill-filaments very short; gill-rakers 4+17, 3 near the angle about as long as eye, the others short, little produced; pyloric no. 1948. NEW BROTULID AND CARAPID FISHES—RADCOLIFFE. 175 ceca absent; lateral line indistinguishable; scales small, cycloid, deciduous, about 22 from origin of unal to dorsal. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; origin of dorsal from tip of snout 4.10 in total length; caudal very long and narrow (broken in the type); origin of anal from tip of snout 2.67; ventrals absent; pectoral 2.07, longer than snout plus eye. Color in alcohol: Body russet, becoming dusky black on belly; the thin outer skin of head and fins clove brown; inside of gill-chamber and peritoneum dark clove brown. Type.—Cat. No. 74154, U.S.N.M., about 28 cm. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5647 (lat. 5° 34’ 00’’ S.; long. 122° 18’ 15’’ E.), in Buton Strait, at a depth of 519 fathoms, on a bottom of ereen mud. This species appears to be distinct from the poorly described and figured H. sumum of Alcock. Family CARAPIDA. The types of Snyderidia Gilbert and Pyramodon (herein described) appear to have more characters in common with Carapus Rafinesque than with the type of Lycodapus Gilbert, and in our opinion belong in this family. PYRAMODON Smith and Radcliffe, new genus. This genus is distinguished from Snyderidia by the presence of ventral filaments; by the position of the vent and the origin of anal, which are farther cephalad under anterior dorsal rays, slightly behind vertical from axil of pectoral; by the shorter and deeper body; and by the larger, more nearly horizontal mouth. The type of Echiodon Thompson is slenderer, more elongate, with- out ventral filaments, and without fang-like canines on the vomer. Type of the genus.—Pyramodon ventralis, new species. _ ' PYRAMODON VENTRALIS Smith and Radcliffe, new species. Plate 17, fig. 3. Dorsal about 140; anal about 140; caudal 4; ventrals 1; pecto- rals 26. Head 6.43 in total length, pointed, compressed, arched, a slight concavity in upper profile above eye, posterior line of occiput midway between middle of eye and origin of dorsal; body deep, compressed, produced into a long slender tail, less attenuated than in Snyderidia canna; greatest body depth 6.76 in total length; eye 4.84, large, subcircular; snout equal to eye, low, narrow, laterally convex; mouth large, not as oblique as in 8. canina, upper jaw overlapping lower except at tip; maxillary 1.70, extending 0.83 of an eye diame- ter beyond vertical from posterior margin of eye, channel on outer 176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. face posteriorly shallower than in S. canina; a median row of small canine-like teeth on sides of mandible and a short inner and outer row of smaller teeth anteriorly; a short toothless space in front of lateral series and a pair of long, curved canines one on either side of symphysis at tip of mandible, fitting into a groove behind a pair of similar more widely separated fangs on upper jaw; a rather wide band of small cardiform teeth on sides of premaxillary, the inner row depressible; a long fang on head of vomer, a number of small, conical irregularly arranged teeth behind this; a single series of small conical teeth on palatines, anterior ones largest; fangs on left side of maxillary and mandible double; interorbital low, convex, its breadth equal to diameter of eye; opercle bearing 2 inconspicuous diverging ridges ending in a spine-like tip; margin of preopercle adnate in its upper half, free below, unarmed; pseudobranchie rep- resented by 2 small filaments; gill-filaments short, 3 developed gill- rakers on anterior arch next the angle, small spinigerous tubercles along edge below these; gill-membranes separate, free from the isth- mus; branchiosteéals 7; pyloric cceca 2, one on either side of pylorus; skin thin, scaleless, smooth, lateral line absent; vent anterior, imme- diately in front of origin of anal, under origin of dorsal farther for- ward than in S. canina; stomach much distended, filled with the remains of a fish. Dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; origin of dorsal from tip of snout 5.02 in total length; dorsal rays shorter and weaker than those of the anal; anterior anal rays longest; origin of anal under second dorsal ray; ventrals present, each consisting of a slender filament, one-third the length of head; bases close together behind tip of humeral symphysis; pectorals broad, the median rays longest, nearly 1.33 times length of head. (In our example of S. canina the pectoral is also much longer than head; in the type the pectoral is said to be equal to head, but the rays are now broken, and their length can not be determined.) Color in alcohol: Ochraceous-buff, dotted with small pigment spots smaller than in S. canina; belly more or less silvery; fins straw color; posterior rays of dorsal, anal, and adjacent part of the tail somewhat darker; peritoneum brownish black. Type.—Cat. No. 74155, U.S.N.M., 19.6 em. in length, taken with a beam trawl at station 5629 (lat. 00° 50’ 00’’ S.; long. 128° 12’ 00’” E.), near Doworra Island, Dutch East Indies, at a depth of 205 fathoms, on a bottom of coral sand. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 7 2. NEOBYTHITES (WATASEA) UNIMACULATUS. (PAGE 140.) FROM THE TYPE. 3. NEOBYTHITES (WATASEA) PURUS. (PAGE 141.) FROM THE TYPE. 4. NEOBYTHITES (WATASEA) FASCIATUS. (PAGE 142.) FROM THE TYPE. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 8 i witty 2. DICROLENE TRISTIS. (PAGE 145.) FROM THE TYPE. 3. HOMOSTOLUS ACER. (PAGE 147.) FROM THE TYPE. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 9 1. MONOMITOPUS PALLIDUS. (PAGE 148.) FROM THE TYPE. 2. MONOMITOPUS LONGICEPS. (PAGE 149.) FROM THE TYPE. 3. MONOMITOPUS MICROLEPIS. (PAGE 150.) FROM THE TYPE. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 10 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM .) FROM THE TYPE. (Pace 151 1, MONOMEROPUS GARMANI ) FROM THE TYPE. (PAGE 152 2. BARATHRODEMUS NASUTUS, ) FROM THE TYPE. (PAGE 153. 3. BASSOGIGAS ZQUATORIS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 11 1. ENCHELYBROTULA PAUCIDENS. (PAGE 154.) FROM THE TYPE HR E:;’NN = 2. ERETM'CHTHYS REMIFER. (PAGE 155.) FROM THE TYPE. 8. BASSOZETUS ROBUSTUS. (PAGE 156.) FROM THE TYPE. 4. BASSOZETUS ELONGATUS. (PAGE 157,) FROM THE TYPE. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 12 1. MASTIGOPTERUS IMPERATOR. (PAGE 159.) FROM THE TYPE. Pe ile ttl 4, GLYPTOPHIDIUM OCEANIUM. (PAGE 162.) FROM THE TYPE. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 13 1. LAMPROGRAMMUS MACROPTERUS. (PAGE 163.) FROM THE TYPE. 2. HYPOPLEURON CANINUM. (PAGE 165.) FROM THE TYPE. 3. DIPLACANTHOPOMA (SARCOCARA) BRUNNEA. (PAGE 167.) FROM THE TYPE. 4. GRAMMONUS ROBUSTUS. (PAGE 168.) FROM THE TYPE. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 14 ABDOMINAL VERTEBR4 OF HYPOPLEURON CANINUM. DORSAL, VENTRAL, AND LATERAL VIEWS. NATURAL SIZE. (PAGE 165.) (‘GO| 39Vd) “3ZIS IWHYNLVN ‘“SMSIA TVYSLV] GNV IVHLNSA “SNLONGOY, SNIDON TYAN dO PYPSLYSZA IWNINOGDSY WNASNW IVNOILVN ‘S ‘N Gl “Id +b “IOA 'SONIGSS008d re 4 et eee < es € " eg jeobas — U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS VOL. 44 PL. 16 BO thm, 1. CATATYX PLATYCEPHALUS. (PAGE 169.) FROM THE TYPE. U0 COLLIE 2, 5, LXK? Jn) ae a 3. BYTHITES LEPIDOGENYS. (PAGE 172.) FROM THE TYPE. 1 KY ed, 4, XENOBYTHITES ARMIGER. (PAGE 173.) FROM THE TYPE. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 17 1. HEPHTHOCARA CRASSICEPS. (PAGE 174.) FROM THE TYPE. 3. PYRAMODON VENTRALIS. (PAGE 175.) FROM THE TYPE. RESULTS OF THE YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION OF 1911. ORTHOPTERA (ACRIDIIDA—SHORT-HORNED LOCUSTS). By Lawrence BRUNER, Of the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. The insects upon which the present report is based are part of a collection made in Peru, South America, by the Yale expedition of 1911. While not extensive, this collection of locusts is interesting on account of the large percentage of new forms that are contained init. Only 19 species and subspecies are represented by the 92 speci- mens at hand. Of these 7 are apparently new, and among these are 2 apparently new genera. Family PROSCOPID A. ANCHOTATUS PERUVIANUS Brunner. A single specimen was taken 7,000 feet above sea level on August oD ) 8, at Tincochaca. CEPHALOCOEMA VITTATA, new species. Similar in form to Cephalocoema costulata Burmeister, but very distinct from that species in its much smaller size and smoother body. In the synoptic table of species by me published in the thirtieth volume of the Proceedings of the United States National Museum this insect runs to section A under 0d. Head a little longer than the pronotum, the rostrum of the vertex slender, quadrangular, a trifle exceeding the rest of the head in length, its sides nearly parallel, in the male gently bent downwards apically, in the female straight; eyes not prominent; antenne scarcely one- half (male) or a trifle more than one-half (female) the length of the rostrum. Pronotum a little narrowed in advance of the middle, the median carina rather strong and bordered on either side by a well- defined longitudinal sulcus that extends also across the meso- and meta-thorax as well as most of the abdominal segments. There are two small but fairly conspicuous wart-like raised spots on the disk PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 44—No. 1949. 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—18——12 177 178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, of the prothorax just back of its middle, and the anterior margin is very gently expanded and rounded. Hind femora slender, short, the carinz not conspicuous; hind tibiz also slender, 8 or 9 spined on both edges. Supra-anal plate of female elongate triangular, its apex reaching one-third the length of the upper valves of the ovipositor; last ventral segment of male abdomen lanceolate, tricarinate, about as long as the rostrum of the vertex, its apex deeply emarginate. General color pale brunneo-testaceous; in the female longitudinally trivittate with dull olive above, in the male uniformly olivaceous above and testaceous beneath. Length of body, male, 45 mm., female, 62 mm.; of head, male, - 9 mm., female, 11 mm.; of rostrum, male, 5 mm., female, 6 mm.; of Praaotien aay 7 mm., female, 9.5 mm.; of hand femora, eae 15 mm., female, 19 mm. ub male, ‘hana females, two polenta Cuzco, July 6-12, 11,500 feet altitude; one nymph, Ollantartambo, July 21, 9,000 feet altitude. Type.—Female, July 6. Cat. No. 15039, U.S.N.M. Family TRYXALIDA. ORPHULELLA PUNCTATA De Geer. Several specimens from Santa Anna, at an elevation of 3,000 feet and a single one from Huadquina, the latter at 5,000 feet above sea level. These insects are somewhat variable, but run to punctata by the various synoptic keys. ORPHULELLA INTRICATA Stal? Other specimens of an Orphulella coming from San Miguel and Paltaybamba fall nearer to Stal’s intricata which is not distantly removed from punctata. The altitude of the latter locality is given as 5,000 and the former as 6,000 feet. MELOSCIRTUS MONTANUS, new species. Similar to, but much larger and more robust than, Meloscirtus australis Bruner from Paraguay. Possibly quite variable in color, but without fuscous bands or maculation on the hind femora. Head moderately large, as wide as the front edge of the pronotum. Eyes a little longer than the anterior edge of the cheeks immediately below them, separated above by a space one-half wider than the frontal costa between the antenne, the fastigium noticeably but shallowly sulcate, its antero-lateral carine meeting in front in a right angle, the lateral foveole very plainly visible from above, a little more than twice as long as broad, quadrangular. Frontal costa prominent, widening almost evenly downwards and reaching the clypeus, not at all or scarcely sulcate, coarsely punctulate at sides above the no. 1949. YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION, ORTHOPTERA—BRUNER. 179 ocellus. Antenne slightly flattened, only reaching the last trans- verse sulcus of the pronotum. The latter a little constricted laterally in the middle, the lateral carine prominent, continuous strongly arcuate, approaching most closely at the anterior transverse sulcus; median carina prominent throughout, cut at middle by the last sulcus; anterior margin straight, the posterior margin broadly angulate; lateral lobes more or less longitudinally rugose, the hind lobe coarsely punctulate. Tegmina abbreviated, lateral, acuminate, their costal margin roundly expanding on the basal half.. Hind femora mode- rately robust, as long as the abdomen; the tibize 10-spined externally, the inner apical spurs much longer than the outer ones, unequal in size. General color varying from pale green to dull wood brown. Marked on the sides of head, pronotum and tegmina much as is Meloscirtus australis. Hind femora without definite fuscous markings across the upper edge and outer disk. The inner disk somewhat varied with piceous, and the upper portion of outer disk evenly embrowned. Tegmina faintly conspersed with fuscous and provided with a lanceo- late subcostal.pale stripe that extends fully three-fifths the length of the wing. Lower side of body pallid; the hind tibiz vinaceous red. Length of body, female, 21-23 mm.; of pronotum, 4.35 mm.; of tegmina, 7 mm.; of hind femora, 13 mm. Habitat.—There are four female specimens of this locust at hand. They were taken in July at Cuzco, Peru, 11,500 feet above sea level, where the insect fauna undoubtedly is strongly boreal in its make-up. Type.—Female. Cat. No. 15040, U.S.N.M. Family LOCUSTIDA (OEDIPODIN). TRIMEROTROPIS OCHRACEIPENNIS Blanchard. The only Oedipodine locust represented in the collection studied is referred to Blanchard’s ochraceipennis. The nine specimens at hand were taken at Cuzco, where the elevation is recorded as 11,500 feet. Both sexes are represented. They show but little variation in mark- ings and size. Family OMMEXICHIDA, OMMEXECHA BRUNNERI Bolivar. Four specimens belonging to this genus are referred to Bolivar’s brunneri.. They were taken, one male at Huadquina, two females at San Miguel, and the fourth at Torontoy, the latter having an eleva- tion of 7,000 feet. All these specimens were taken during the latter part of July. CUMAINOCLOIDUS, new genus. The present genus is based on an apterous or subapterous locust with a slightly compressed and rather strongly rugose body, having 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. the hind margin of the pronotum plainly reflexed and strongly undulate throughout. The hind tibie are spined at the apex exter- nally and the prosternum has its anterior margin developed into a fairly strong spine. ; While very distinct from all other known forms this insect seems to show affinities with the Ommexichide rather than with the Acridiide or Cyrtacanthacride, as we may be obliged to write it. Its type is the following-described species: CUMAINOCLOIDUS CORDILLERZ&, new species. Body robust about the thorax and the base of the abdomen, com- pressed, the surface of the head, pronotum, meso- and meta-thorax and the basal segment of the abdomen irregularly and strongly rugose. Head moderately large, higher than wide, its sides nearly parallel, set into the thorax almost to the eyes. Latter small, not prominent, elliptical, separated above by a space equal to their shortest diameter, the front portion of the occiput irregularly rugose, the vertex but little depressed, bounded by strong but sinuose carine that converge suddenly in front and unite with the lateral walls of the frontal costa, the sulcation irregularly studded with rugosities; frontal costa moderately prominent, narrow above, evenly and gently expanding below, continuous to the clypeus, pro- foundly sulcate and also studded below the ocellus with a few rugosi- ties; lateral or facial carine somewhat divergent below, somewhat irregular or crenulate; the front rather profusely rugulose, as are also the genx, the anterior margin of the latter nearly or quite one-half longer than the eyes. Antenne slender, not quite as long as the head and pronotum combined, most of the joints a little depressed, 16 or 17 in number. Pronotum tectiform, the median carina prominent and notched by all three transverse sulci, giving to it a lobed appear- ance when viewed laterally, the posterior sulcus alone continuous; lateral carine wanting; anterior margin faintly undulate and slightly angulately advanced upon the occiput, but with the apex gently notched; hind margin somewhat thickened or reflexed, lobately undulate throughout with about seven such lobes on each side of the middle. Surface rugose. Tegmina visible only as very minute lateral pads, the apex of which barely show beyond the hind margin of the pronotum. Hind femora moderately robust, evenly tapering toward the apex, the outer and upper carine rather distantly and minutely spined or toothed; hind tibize robust, 11-spined on both margins including the apical ones, the spines heavy and equal on the two margins, extending from,near the base. Prosternum with its anterior margin at center raised so as to form a fairly acute triangular spine. Mesosternal lobes rounded internally, the space between them fully twice as wide as long and wider than the lobes themselves; no. 1949. YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION, ORTHOPTERA—BRUNER. 181 metasternal lobes also quite widely separated. Valves of the ovi- positor short but strong, the apical hooks short. Auditory appara- tus minute or missing. General color variable, possibly depending upon the kind of soil upon which the insect is found, in the type-specimen brunneo- testaceous, with a ferrugimous tinge on its pronotum and the outer disk of the hind femora. The latter with a basal, median, and sub- apical fuscous patch on the upper margin; the genicular lunules piceous, as are also the carinal teeth; lower sulcus bright carmine; hind tibiz pale cinereous varied with fuscous flecks and blotches. The second specimen is quite uniformly cinereo-fuscous, showing a tinge of ferruginous only on the lower part of the thorax about the base of its anterior and middle legs. The antennz in both specimens are ashy gray apically. Length of body, female 25 mm.; of pronotum, 5.75 mm.; greatest width of latter, 6.5 mm.; length of hind femora, 13 mm.; of antenne, 6.5 mm. Two females, Ollantaytambo, Peru, July 21, at an elevation of approximately 9,000 feet above sea level. Judging from the general appearance of the two specimens before me, this insect must be confined in its distribution to more or less arid localities. Type.—Cat. No. 15041, U.S.N.M. Family CYRTACANTHACRID (ACRIDIIDA). DIEDRONOTUS ANGULATUS Stal. Only a single specimen of this extensive South American genus is at hand. It was taken on the Pampaconas River during the month of August. While the present insect is rather longer winged than usual, it is referred, nevertheless, to Stal’s angulatus. PRIONOLOPHA SERRATA Linnzus. Two females of this magnificent locust are at hand from Huadquina. They are typical specimens. URUBAMBA, new genus.! Related to Jivarus Giglio-Tos and Platyphyma Fieber. A genus of inconspicuous South American locusts of small size, the species of which are either apterous or subapterous, and have apical spines on both margins of the hind tibiz and a much shorter hind lobe of the pronotum than the anterior one. The posterior margin of the former is broadly emarginate. So far as known the representatives of this genus are confined in their distribution to the Andean regions of 1 Urubamba is a geographical name in the region which is the habitat of these small locusts. It has been chosen on account of its euphony. 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. Peru and possibly of Bolivia and Ecuador also. Platyphyma is found only in the Old World, and hence need not be compared with Urubamba, which latter genus may be separated from Jivarus by the following table: Key for separating the South American Platyphymata. Body subfusiform; front strongly oblique. Antennze 16-jointed. Last ventral seg- ment of male abdomen conical, somewhat acute; the cerci compressed and with the apex spatulate, truncate. Hind tibize 8-spined on both margins. Jivarus Giglio-Tos, Body robust anteriorly, but tapering caudad. Front normal, only perceptibly oblique. Antenng 18-jointed. Last ventral segment short, the apex rounded; the cerci long and slender, the apex pointed. Hind tibiz 9-spined on both PUANPIDS, can sae clite mae staeiae hens es coat asthe Pek le haa Urubamba, new genus. Two distinct species of the genus are at hand, and both seem to be undescribed. They may be separated by the characters given in the subjoined synoptic key. Body more slender, entirely apterous; the pronotum very strongly rugulose; the lateral carinz not prominent and much interrupted; the transverse sulci not especially profound. Prosternal spine, coarse, short, and blunt. Hind femora, at least in the female, provided with fuscous bands, the genicular area not infuscated. Insect, especially the legs, strongly hirsute... ..- aptera, new species. Body more robust; the pronotum rugose only at the sides of the anterior lobe, the hind lobe coarsely and closely pitted or punctulate; lateral carinse promi- nent, but little interrupted; transverse sulci profound. Prosternal spine robust and transverse at its base, acuminate. Hind femora without fuscous bands, the genicular portion prominently infuscated. Insect scarcely hirsute, even On the legs cocina sniomiee en ake tenes cae ees ae inconspicua, new species. The species aptera, which is represented by both sexes, may be considered as the type of the genus. URUBAMBA APTERA, new species. General color pallid, more or less varied on the head back of the eyes, on the upper half of the sides of the pronotum, and on the sides of the basal abdominal segments with brown or piceous. Possibly varying from testaceous to olivaceous in life according to habitat and age. Hind femora in the female with traces of fuscous bands above and on the outer disk. Lower sulcus reddish purple; hind tibie also likewise tinged. Body rather profusely hirsute throughout; especially is this true with reference to the legs and the hind tibie and tarsi in particular, which are clothed with a long pale pile. Head of moderate size, as wide above as below, the eyes rather prominent, rounded behind, narrowest above, the anterior margin straight, separated at the vertex above by a space a little less than the greatest width of the frontal costa above the ocellus; the fastigium of the vertex pro- a no. 1949. YALH PERUVIAN EXPEDITION, ORTHOPTERA—BRUNER. 183 foundly sulecate and angulately separated from the shallow sulcation of the frontal costa; latter fairly prominent and gently constricted at its sides just below the ocellus, reaching the clypeus; the lateral or facial carine divergent below, prominent. Antenne filiform, in the female not quite as long as, in the male a little longer than, the combined length of the head and the pronotum. Pronotum short, but little emale) or not at all (male) expanded posteriorly, the disk gently tectate, the median carina fairly prominent in front and behind, but obliterated at middle; lateral carine interrupted and inconspicuous; anterior margin broadly rounded and gently advanced upon the occiput; hind margin very widely and angulately emar- ginate. Hind femora slender, reaching (female) or slightly surpas- sing (male) the apex of the abdomen; the hind tibie 9-spined on both margins. Apical portion of male abdomen gently clavate, a slight constriction at the base of the last segment giving this portion a bilobed appearance. Supra-anal plate moderately large, the basal width a little greater than the median length, sides gently approaching apically, near the apex squarely docked but with a small central triangular apical projection; basal half with a tri- angular sulecation bordered by moderately prominent carine; mar- ginal apophyses of preceding segment prominent, triangular and widely separated; male cerci about as long as the supra-anal plate, the basal three-fifths heavy, directed gently to the rear, apical two- fifths slenderer, directed upward, acuminate. Mesosternal lobes separated by a space equal in width to the lobes themselves. Pros- ternal spine robust, short and very blunt. Length of body, male, 11 mm., female, 16 mm.; of pronotum, male, 2.6 mm., female, 3 mm.; of hind femora, male, 7 mm., fe- male, 8.5 mm. Habitat—The female type comes from San Miguel, Peru, where it was collected September 1, at an elevation of 5,000 feet above sea level; the allotype was taken on August 9, at Tincochaca, at 7,000 feet elevation. Other specimens, immature males and females, are at hand from the last-named locality. Type and allotype-—Cat. No. 15042, U.S.N.M. URUBAMBA INCONSPICUA, new species. A little larger and more robust than the preceding and provided with coarsely punctulate, small, lateral, spatulate tegmina that reach the apex of the first abdominal segment. This insect has a “smoother pronotum than U. aptera and also has strong lateral carinse on the pronotum. Its hind femora are much more robust and lack the fuscous bands that characteria@e the species with which com- pared, but these members have their genicular area strongly infus- cated instead. 184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. The specimens of this insect so far as represented in the material before me appear to have been preserved in spirits which have left left them rather uniformly dark vinaceous in color. In life they were possibly olivaceous, with the tegmina flavous and the tibize tinged with red. No indications remain of a possible paler lower border on the lateral lobes of the pronotum which are strongly so marked in the species aptera. Length of body, female, 17 mm.; of pronotum, 3.5 mm.; of hind femora, 10 mm. Habitat—Three specimens, females, are at hand from Pampaconas River, Peru. They were taken during August. Type—Cat. No. 15043, U.S.N.M. PROCTOLABUS BULLATUS Rehn. There is a male specimen of Proctolabus contained in the material taken at Paltaybamba on August 27. Although collected in spirits it still shows the characteristic color patterns. Its antenne are long and slender, being distinctly longer than the slender hind femora. The latter are olive green with an infuscated genicular area, and the hind tibiz are reddish with 6 to 8 spines in the outer row. The cerci are a trifle heavier at the point where they bend upward than shown in Rehn’s figure.* It is barely possible that the insect described by the present writer under the name of Poecilocloeus ornatus? is the other sex of this species. The pallid apical joints of the antenne of that insect would seem, however, sufficient ground to preclude such a surmise, as would also the difference in the arrangement of the thoracic orange markings. PARALEUAS MINOR Bruner. On August 6, 1911, a single male specimen of this small locust was secured. It bears the locality label ‘‘Paltaybamba” and also 5,000 feet. DICHROPLUS PERUVIANUS AURIVENTRIS, new variety. Specimens of a Dichroplus are at hand from several localities in the Peruvian Andes that come quite close to D. peruvianus, but which are sufficiently distinct in several respects to constitute a separate or distinct variety. Only one of these is in color, the others having been immersed in spirits for longer or shorter periods. The male under consideration has the venter and anal segments of the abdomen brightly tinged with orange, and the sexual characters are simpler than in typical peruvianus. The cerci are slenderer and not spatulate at the apex as there, but slightly flattened, acuminate, and bent inwards instead of gently sulcate externally and directed upwards. 1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, p. 397, fig. 3. 2 Tire des Hore Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, vol. 29, p. 474, Dec., 1910. no. 1949. YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION, ORTHOPTERA—BRUNER. 185 The last ventral segment of the abdomen in the variety is shorter than in the typical form. Length of body, male, 14.5 mm., female, 22 mm.; of pronotum, male, 3.9 mm., female, 5.15 mm.; of tegima, male, 4 mm., female, 6 mm.; of hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 12 mm. Habitat—Huadquina, in July, at an elevation of 5,000 feet, also at Tincochaca, 7,000 feet, during August. Type.—Male from Huadquina. Cat. No. 15044, U.S.N.M. Specimens of the species coming from an elevation of about 4,000 feet are in the writer’s collection. These latter are typical as to size, but some have fully developed wings that extend beyond the apex of the abdomen and tips of the hind femora in the male. DICHROPLUS PUNCTULATUS Thunberg. Two males, two females, Huadquina, July, 5,000 feet altitude; one male, Paltaybamba, August 21, 5,000 feet altitude; one female, Santa Ana, August 3, 3,000 feet altitude. DICHROPLUS, species. The collection also contains two mutilated females of a Dichroplus that were collected on the Pampaconas River during the month of August. These may belong to D. peruvianus also, in which case the species under consideration shows a still wider variation than is usual in the majority of species forming the genus. One feature of these last specimens is the coarseness and paucity of the veins of the elytra. PARADICHROPLUS ANDEANUS, new species. A medium sized, variable insect with distinctly fuscous banded hind femora and red-tinted tibiz. Pronotum expanding strongly posteriorly; the dorsum of the abdomen linearly longitudinally pallid at middle and with a row of fuscous dots on each side near the middle of each segment. Antenne rather robust, short, and gently flattened. Inner face and lower sulcus of the hind femora bright reddish orange in color. Possibly somewhat related to P. bilobus Giglio-Tos, which insect has not been examined by the writer. Surface of the body rather smooth and appearing polished or gla- brous. Head of moderate size, a little wider than (male) or not quite as wide (female) as the acer edge of the pronotum; vertex a little narrower than the prominent frontal costa at the ocellus, its bounding walls prominent, the sulcus fairly profound; frontal costa provided with several coarse punctures above, most noticeably sulcate in the vicinity of the ocellus; continued to the base of the clypeus. Eyes large and fairly prominent in the male, not much longer than wide, their anterior edge but little arcuate, in the female less prominent and with the anterior margin straight; cheeks below the eyes in the 186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, female about four-fifths, in the male scarcely more than one-half, the — length of the greater diameter of the eyes. Antenne short, com- paratively heavy, their joints somewhat depressed so as to give to these members a flattened appearance. Pronotum evenly widening pos- teriorly, its surface only gently longitudinally rugose and sparsely punctured on the hind lobe; the median carina visible throughout but most prominent on the posterior lobe and near the front edge of the anterior lobe; lateral caring present on the hind lobe of both sexes and to a limited extent also on the anterior one; front margin straight, the hind margin truncate with the middle gently emarginate. Tegmina lateral, nearly twice (female) or a trifle more than twice as long as broad (male), their apex somewhat acuminate, their upper edges dis- tant, but little if any surpassing the hind margin of the first abdominal segment. Abdomen evenly tapering caudal in the female, gently clavate in the male, the dorsum prominently carinated; last ventral segment of male elongate, its apex scarcely notched; supra-anal plate roundly triangulate with raised lateral margins and a heavy raised longitudinal ridge extending from the base to its apex and narrowly sulcate throughout, midway between the base and middle on each side of the plate is an inwardly directed short spur or tooth of the lateral carina; cerci heavy at base but rapidly narrowing toward the middle, curved gently upward and strongly inward, so that their apices almost meet just beyond the apex of the supra-anal plate; marginal apophyses of the preceding segment small and slender, projecting into the basal portion of the plate’s median sulcus. Valves of the ovipositor well developed, strong, the apices gently curved. Prosternal spine coarse, pyramidal, transverse at base, the apex blunt. Hind femora normal, in the males a little surpassing, in the females not quite reaching the apex of the abdomen. Hind tibie 9-spined externally; anterior and middle femora gently arcuate, a little (female) or decidedly (male) enlarged or inflated. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes as wide as long (male) or noticeably wider than long (female). General color varying from dark apple-green to a pale brownish- olive, more or less varied with ferruginous and fuscous. In the darker specimens there is a well-defined post-ocular band that is continued across the upper half of the sides of the pronotum, also a ferruginous triangle that continues backward across the disk of the pronotum bordered laterally by a pallid line above the carine. The tegmina of all color phases are ferruginous to dull brown; the dorsal carina of the abdomen is pallid, with an approximate fuscous dot on either side near the middle of the segments; the latter are largely piceous laterally, and especially so on those nearest the base. Below the insect varies from bright yellow to pale testaceous; the hind femora are obliquely banded with pallid and fuscous externally, while no. 1949. YALE PHRUVIAN EXPEDITION, ORTHOPTERA—BRUNER. 187 ‘below and internally they are largely bright reddish orange. The tibise vary from pink to deep purplish red. Length of body, male, 16 mm., female 21 mm.; of pronotum, male, 3.3 mm., female 4 mm.; of tegmina, male and female, 3.5 mm.; of hind femora, male 9 mm., female 11 mm.; of antenne male and female, 4-5 mm. Habitat—Cuzco, Peru, at an elevation of 11,500 feet, and at Uru- bamba, Peru, 9,500 feet above sea level. Type.—A male, Cuzco, July 10. Cat. No. 15045, U.S.N.M. OSMILIA CCLESTIS Burmeister, A single Osmilia coming from the Pampaconas River is referred to coelestis Burmeister, which seems to be distinct from the violacea of Thunberg. : bay Rick . a At et? ' we af p ; . eases mat Ti bet-s if) ; rf pos ' ; ‘ i vs f F vf) eerie oe t isa aniogaan a ’ a «fh V yee hd ; \ \ i ha o* : By rns, ee : " a. j ‘ . ay yom ey yy ‘ - ’ g ihe " meteor Peak ae) wy Te Phd th, Went hoe 1 an iA ; Lf ( -1 : , A aa ‘> AR TRY, }) } { «! ait eo hs , ‘ : ! f Paid iG f ; , Vat Mal i Vy faite & ear .. : é y \ j bee 8 ( Pe aa KAA i or ie Ae ow ay , h BB 7 ye" r - tae 4 ” * eas) ’ f \ 4 f . ue i a - * , ; ' be ‘ ; ian Pare dhs is ae et Hannes nea if Sty ihe a RT 8 2 abe thee DER | ah Mb . TAY Hy 4 eelyg, it Ms 8 es ppengeatyfti gt & ae Amie Liu ' yh) agar ae tay fy vets dL antes oe | TON A 3 ts at rN vai ‘ renee bay, ica ee 3 he, “ey ia eee easy ay et the 4 af CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES AND LAND CRABS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. By CuarLes Branco WItson, Department of Biology, State Normal School, Westfield, Massachusetts. INTRODUCTORY. During the summer of 1910 the author enjoyed the privilege of spending three months at the biological laboratory of Johns Hopkins University at Montego Bay, Jamaica. As a part of the work there accomplished about 100 species of fish, including many hundreds of specimens, were examined for parasitic copepods, isopods, and other parasites that might be of peculiar interest. Many of the larger crustacea, and in particular the !and crabs, were also examined for the same purpose, and several peculiar and unex- pected parasites were found upon their gills. And finally different kinds of ascidians, of which many species live upon the mangrove roots around the Bogue Islands about a mile to the west of the town, and upon the ocean bottom in that vicinity, were carefully examined in order to obtain the various copepods, isopods, and amphipods, which are commensals or semiparasites within them. The present paper gives the results of these examinations and is chiefly concerned with the copepods although one new species of ostracod is described. For the opportunity of prosecuting this study and for the excellent laboratory privileges which were furnished sin- cere thanks are returned to the authorities of the Johns Hopkins University. To Dr. E. A. Andrews, the director of the laboratory, the author is indebted for valuable suggestions and advice. And to the authorities of the United States National Museum a deep obligation for much timely assistance in this and many other similar investigations is acknowledged. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 44—No. 1950. 189 190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, » FISH AND FISHERIES. The region around Montego Bay is the center of the most extensive fisheries in Jamaica. Every part of the harbor and the shore for 10 or 15 miles to the east and west of the town contributes some fish to the market. The methods employed in catching these fish are rather crude, both the boats and the apparatus used being primitive and not very well constructed. The boats are practically all small dugouts made from native trees, and the fishing tackle consists of pots and traps, haul seines, gill nets, cast nets, and hand lines. By far the largest nymber of fish are taken in the pots, which consist of a wooden frame- work covered with split cane, bamboo, or in recent years with wire netting. These pots are scattered all over the bottom, where it is smooth, both inside and outside of the coral reefs, in water from 1 to 12 fathoms deep, and are pulled every morning before the sea breeze roughens the surface. The haul seines are also used extensively along the numerous sandy beaches. The actual number of food fishes obtained, as well as the number of species, is quite large, and by requesting the fishermen to save such kinds as are usually thrown away or used for bait, the number of species can readily be doubled. There were brought in for examina- tion during the past season about 100 recorded species, nearly all of which were caught in fish pots. A very little effort with the seine and line fishermen would easily increase this number. Again the supply of all the common species is constant for long periods of time, the same kinds being obtained daily, thus insuring an abundance of fresh material for work either with the fish themselves or with their parasites. Of the selachians the sharks are rather scarce, only a few hammer- heads (Sphyrna zygena) and one or two species of Carcharhinus being caught during the summer, but they are said to be more plentiful at other seasons. To offset this scarcity of sharks there is an abundance of sting (Dasyatide) and eagle (Myliobatide) rays, the former often of very large size. Among the bony fish the grunts (Hemulide), the sea basses and groupers (Serranidx), and the parrot fishes (Scaride) are especially numerous. The mullets (Mugilide), the pompanos (Carangide), the snappers (Lutianide), the croakers (Scizenide), and the butterfly and angel fishes (Cheetodontide) are also abundant. The pipefishes, (Sygnathide), the trunk-fishes (Ostraciide), the puffers (Tetrao- dontidz), and the porcupine fishes (Diodontide) can be obtained almost everywhere and in large numbers. no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 191 Beside these forms, which may be designated as the regular catch, odd species are continually being taken both in the fish pots and in the seines, and if the fishermen be induced to save these and bring them in for examination it will be found that they include during the season a good representation of nearly every family that occurs in the West Indies. In this way may often be obtained the remora (Eche- neis naucrates), the sea-bat (Ogcocephalus vespertilio), the spotted moray (Lycodontis moringa), the cutlass fish (Zrichiwrus lepturus), the galliwasp (Synodus fetans), and the flying gurnard (Cephalacanthus volitans), together with a host of other odd forms. Many of the marine fish run far up into the fresh-water rivers, especially the mullets and pipefishes, but there are about a dozen strictly fresh-water species, including two or three darters, mudfish, catfish, and the like. These are not often caught by the natives but may easily be obtained with a seine. All the rivers are swift and turbulent streams except for the short deadwater near their mouths, and during the rainy season they become powerful torrents, sweeping down into the sea everything that gets caught in their current. At such times no fish can be obtained from the rivers, and even under favorable conditions the supply is limited. To escape being swept away many of the fish have acquired the habit of burrowing under the rocks or going into holes in the banks, which adds to the difficulty of securing them. | On low land to the west of the town, between the Montego River and the ocean, is a portion of the old bed of the river, which now forms a good-sized pond filled with brackish water and plentifully supplied with fish and crustacea. This combination of salt, fresh, and brackish water furnishes exceptional facilities for the study of fish and their parasites. And it would be difficult to find a region better suited for such investiga- tion than Montego Bay and the immediate vicinity. PARASITIC ISOPODS. As might be expected, parasites of all kinds were fairly common in Jamaica. But while there was a wide diversity of form and nearly every animal was more or less infested with them, the actual numbers were remarkably small. More parasites have repeatedly been taken from a single fish at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, or on the coast of Maine, than could be obtained from a score of them here in Jamaica, and to a certain extent the same was true of the crustacea and ascidians that were examined; there was the same dearth of numbers. The parasitic isopods were about the only exception to this general rule. In the temperate regions of both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans these parasites are quite rare, but here in the tropics they are 192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, abundant and surpass in numbers all the other parasites together. They swarm in the eye sockets and the mouth and gill cavities of many of the common fish, and are especially abundant upon the parrot fish, the grunts, and the snappers. Other species are found living as commensals within the bodies of ascidians, sponges, and the like. A large number of specimens were obtained from these various hosts and were sent to the United States National Museum for identi- fication and study.’ PARASITIC COPEPODS. As has just been stated with reference to the isopods, it was found that a careful examination of any large fish would usually yield copepod parasites. But while there was an abundance of the isopods there would be only one or two, or at most a very few, copepods. And even large catches of fish were always disappointing in the num- ber of copepods obtained from them. ‘The result has been a collec- tion of copepod parasites, very meager in the number of specimens, but comparatively rich in the number of species. In the following list an effort has been made to include all the copepods previously reported from West Indian fish along with those found during the present investigations. Nearly all of these published species are included in two papers, both of which are confined, so far as the West Indies are concerned, to the Danish islands in the group of Lesser Antilles. The first paper? was written by Steenstrup and Litken and pub- lished in 1861, and the second by Kre@yer,’ published in 1863. Many of the species which they reported were obtained from pre- served specimens of Danish West Indian fish in the Vienna Museum while others were brought home by the captains of various vessels which had cruised in that portion of the Atlantic. So far as can be ascertained not a single species has hitherto been described from living material. The present report is the exact antithesis of this, for every new species here presented has been described, and the drawings have been made, from living specimens before preservation, and in, addition some of the Danish species, published in the two papers above men- tioned, were obtained alive from Jamaican fish, and upon them were verified the original specific descriptions. In all there are here in- cluded 52 species, of which 21 have been previously described, while 31 are new to science. 1See Richardson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, No. 1894, April 5, 1912, pp. 187-192. 2 Kong. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skrivt., 5te. Raekke, p. 343. 8 Naturh. Tidsskr., 3die. Raekke, p. 75. No. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 1938 Family ARGULID. The apparent absence of this family from the fauna of Jamaica is worthy of comment. Species of Argulus have been obtained from Key West, Florida; from New Orleans, Louisiana; from Dallas, Texas, and from many localities in Central and South America. These include both salt and fresh water forms and show that in the surrounding faunas, which most resemble that of Jamaica, the family Argulide is fairly well represented. Hence we should naturally look for a similar representation in the Jamaican fauna, and it seems more reasonable to suppose that the failure to discover any member of this family on the fish of Jamaica has been the result of accident rather than due to their entire absence from the region. Careful search in the future may bring to light some Argulus species, but a similar search during the season of 1910 was unsuccessful. Family ERGASILID. ERGASILUS LONGIPALPUS, new species. Plate 18, figs. 1-6. Host and record of specumens.—A single lot, consisting of six females, was taken from the gills of several puffers (Chilomycterus antennatus) at Montego Bay, June 6, 1910. Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 43512, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42258, US.N.M. ® Female.—Cephalothorax ovate, one-fourth longer than wide, with evenly curved lateral, and a slightly reentrant posterior, margin; neither dorsal grooves nor eye visible. The first three free thorax segments the same length, but diminishing regularly in width, the first one (second segment) three-sevenths the width of the carapace; fifth segment indistinguishably fused with the genital segment, which is the same width and about twice the length of the fourth segment. Abdomen two-thirds the width of the genital segment and made up of three joints of equal length; anal lamine small and circular, each tipped with two sete, the inner of which is twice the length of the outer. Egg-tubes narrowed posteriorly, two-thirds the body length; eggs small, in six or eight longitudinal rows, about 20 eggs in a row. First antenne of the usual pattern; second pair with moderately enlarged basal joints and a stout terminal claw, bent sharply near the center and armed there with a rounded protuberance on the inner margin. Mandibles with a glender neck, a narrow terminal blade, armed with setz along the inner border only, and a large secondary tuft of sete at the inner distal corner of the neck. Mandibular palps exceptionally long and narrow, reaching beyond the tip of the basal joint almost to the center of the terminal blade. 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13——13 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, In this they are peculiar, since in other'species the tip of the palp does not project beyond the end of the basal joint. First maxilla a large knob, armed with two equal sete; second maxilla with a large and stout basal joint and a short terminal blade, which does not reach the midline; terminal tuft of sete short and dense. Rami of swimming legs three-jointed, except the exopod of the fourth pair, which has but two joints; arrangement of spines and setz asfollows: First exopod, I—0, 0—1, 0—6; endopod, 0—1,0—2, I—4. Second exopod, I—0, I—1, 0—6; endopod, 0—1, 0—2, I—5. Third exopod, 0—0, 0—1, 0O—6; endopod, 0O—1, 0O—1,0—5. Fourth exopod, I—0, 0—5; endopod, 0—0, 0O—2, 0D—4. Fifth legs wholly lacking. Color a uniform cartilage gray, without pigment markings of any sort, quickly becoming light brown in preservatives. Total length, 1.20 mm. Cephalothorax, 0.75 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide. Genital segment, 0.1 mm. long and the same width. Egg strings, 0.76 mm: long, 0.20 mm. wide. (longus, long, and palpus, a palp, alluding to the aed length of the eae alee palps.) This species is difficult to distinguish except by the mouth parts, where the projection of the long and narrow palps beyond the tips of the basal mandibular joints, and the short terminal Jpiite of the second maxille are very noticeable. * ERGASILUS MYCTAROTHES, new species. Plate 18, figs. 7-12. Host and record of specimens.—Seven females of this species, four of which carried egg strings, were taken from the mucus in the nasal tubes of a hammer-head shark, Sphyrna zygena. Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 43597, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42255, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form elongate and narrow; carapace ellip- tical, nearly twice as long as wide, narrowed about equally anteriorly and posteriorly, with shallow, but distinct, notches in the lateral mar- gins two-fifths of the length from the posterior end, which indicate the point of union of the head with the first thorax segment. Free thorax and abdomen only two-fifths as long as the carapace and tapering rapidly posteriorly; second, third,.and fourth segments the same length, but diminishing regularly in width; fifth segment so completely fused with the genital segment that there is no indication of the union either in a groove or in a pair of fudimentary fifth legs. Genital segment barr el-shaped, a little wider than long, with convex lateral margins and a pair of short, broadly rounded posterior lobes. Abdomen three-jointed, joints Hivaieanaae regularly in length and width; terminal joint with a deep anal incision; anal laminz con- no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 195 siderably longer than the basal abdomen joint and half as wide as the terminal joint, enlarged at the tip and armed with two large sete, the inner of which is four times the length of the outer. Egg- cases cylindrical, as long as the entire body and twice the diameter of the genital segment; eggs rather small, in five or six longitudinal rows, from 20 to 25 in each row. First antenne short, only reaching the center of the wast joint of the second pair, and sparsely armed with sete. Second antenne stout and two-thirds the length of the cephalotho- rax; basal joint moderately enlarged, the remainder of the appendage tapering regularly, with a small knob on the inner margin of the penul- timate joint close to the base of the terminal claw; the latter with two small teeth on its inner margin near the center. Labrum only indistinctly visible; mandibles large and stout, the terminal blade broad and armed with setz around its entire margin; palps very narrow and needle-like, as long as the terminal blade and with a row of fine teeth along their outer margin; first maxille small, not projecting much, and armed with two small plumose sete; second maxille rather large, but with small terminal joints, which overlap at the midline and are heavily armed with setx; no visible traces of the maxillipeds. The first three pairs of swimming legs with three-jointed rami, the exopod of the fourth pair with two joints only; the arrangement of the spines and sete as follows: First exopod, I—0, I—0, 0—6; endo- pod, 0—1, 0—2, 0—5. Second exopod, I—0, I—1, 0—6; endopod, I—1, 0—2, 0—6. Third exopod, I—0, I—1, 0—5; endopod, I—1, 0—2,0—6. Fourth exopod, I—0, 0—5; endopod, I—1, I—2, 0—5. Color a uniform cartilage gray without pigment or markings of any sort. Total length, 0.95 mm. Cephalothorax, 0.7 mm. long, 0.4 mm. wide. Egg-strings, 0.9 mm. long, 0.18 mm. wide. (uuxtnod0ev, out of the nose.) This new species may be distinguished from others by the elongate elliptical shape of the cephalothorax, by the extreme shortness of the body behind the cephalothorax (see above measurements), by the great length and uniform diameter of the egg-cases, and by the thickness of the ‘‘neck” of the mandible, the width of its cutting blade, and the linear form of its palp. BOMOLOCHUS NOTHRUS, new species. Plates 19 and 20. Host and record of specimens.—Fifteen specimens, including both sexes, were obtained from the gill cavity of the little fish locally ‘ known as “‘sheepshead,” Abudefduf saxatilis, on September 5. 196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, A single female was found on the gills of a tobacco fish, Aleutera scripta, but as this fish had been tumbled into the boat with the sheepsheads the copepod probably got on to it insome way from the latter. This single specimen is numbered 42257, U.S.N.M. Ty pe-specimen. pci female, Cat. No. 43590, U. SNM. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42253, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form rather sunt and stout; carapace twice as wide as long, squarely truncated posteriorly and with a shallow notch at the center of the frontal margin. Second, third, and fourth segments subequal in length, but diminishing regularly in width. Second segment one-third narrower than the carapace, leay- ing the first legs visible on either side; a part of the basal joints as well as the rami of the other swimming legs visible dorsally. Fifth segment the same length as the fourth and only a little narrower; genital serzment the same width as the fifth segment and rather short, with convex sides. Abdomen two-jointed, the basal jomt wider but shorter than the terminal; anal lamine small and rectangular, each tipped with a long inner seta, a shorter outer one, and two spines, one at the outer distal corner, the other at the center of the outer border. Egg-strings four-sevenths of the entire length, the same width as the genital segment, and slightly narrowed at the posterior end; eggs in five or six longitudinal rows, from 15 to 16 eggs in each row. First antennz prominent; basal portion considerably widened and strongly arched, carrying two long tactile sete toward its distal end. Second pair large and stout, the terminal joint tipped with two large finger-like processes, one dorsal and considerably smaller, the other ventral, and between them two long, curved claws and a straight spine. A row of bluntly rounded comb teeth runs along the anterior margin of each finger process and on to the joint itself; the row from the dorsal process stops at about the center of the joint while that from the ventral process runs the whole length of the anterior margin of the joint and curves around its proximal end to the posterior margin. Upper lip triangular, nearly twiee as wide as long, with straight sides and well rounded corners. Mandibles bent sharply backward and ending in a straight and slender spine. First maxille with a long curved paragnath and a prominent knob armed with three plumose sete, of which the two inner ones are close together, curved inward toward the midline and then backward, and are four times the length of the outer one, which is removed a little distance from them and points directly backward. Second maxille curved forward and inward, not quite meeting at the midline, their terminal blades armed with a row of short hairs along the anterior margin. Maxillipeds with a large triangular basal No. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND ORABS—WILSON. 197 joint and a rather slender, strongly curved terminal claw, with a long accessory spine at the posterior curve of the S. First swimming legs with a two-jointed exopod and a three-jointed endopod, the remaining legs with three-jointed rami, the arrange- ment of the spines and sete as follows: Second exopod, I—0, I—1, II—5; endopod, 0—1, 0—2, II—3. Third exopod, I—0, I—1, TII—5; endopod, I—1, I—2, I—8. Fourth exopod, 1—0, I—1, TI—5; endopod, 0—1, 0—1, I—2. Fifth legs two-jointed, the basal joint much shorter than the terminal and at an angle with the latter, which is tipped with three spines of equal length. Color a translucent cartilage gray, the ovaries, oviducts, and ex- ternal egg-cases white. Total length, 2.45 mm. Carapace, 0.65 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide. Free segments, 1 mm. long. Egg-strings, 1.45 mm. long. Male.—General body form wider than usual; carapace trans- versely elliptical, one-half wider than long, forming a blunt point on each lateral and on the frontal margin. Second, third, fourth, and fifth thorax segments the same length but diminishing regularly in width, and leaving the whole of the swimming legs visible in dorsal view. Genital segment the same width as the fourth segment, elongate acorn-shaped, with a squarely truncated posterior border and prominent well-rounded posterior corners. Abdomen half the width of the genital seement and Patch shorter, two-jointed, the joimts equal; anal lamine quadrilateral, a little longer than wide and armed as in the female. Basal portion of the first antenne narrower and straighter than in the female; second antenne and mouth parts the same except the maxillipeds. These are in normal position behind the other mouth - parts and are three-jointed; the second joint is stout with its posterior margin swollen into a pad entirely covered with short spines which increase in size toward the distal end; the terminal claw is slender, three-fourths the length of the second joint, slightly curved, and armed along its inner margin with a row of minute saw teeth, which shut down against the spiny pad on the second joint. Swimming ‘less jointed as in the female but quite differently armed; the basal exopod joint of the first pair carries a very large and flat tened plumose seta on its outer margin; the terminal exopod joint: of the second, third, and fourth pairs is armed with two medium spines on the outer margin and a third twice the length, or even more, at the tip; the fifth legs are smaller than in the female but similarly two-jointed. Color the same but lacking the white of the female reproductive organs, so that the male appears considerably darker. Total length,1.10 mm. Carapace, 0.36 mm. long, 0.52 mm. wide. Free thorax, 0.28 mm. long. (vwIpdc, slow or sluggish.) : 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 44, This species is large and fairly common in the gill cavities of the little sheepsheads. But it is noticeably sluggish in its movements and never leaves the fish on the death of the latter. On being re- moved and placed in an aquarium, it swims but little, attaching itself to one spot and remaining there for a long time. Even the male is not active, and in contrast with other species appears very slow and lazy. BOMOLOCHUS ATTENUATUS, new species. Plate 21. Host and record of specuomens.—Three females, two of which carried external egg-strings, were taken in company with Artacolax palleucus on the gills of the so-called ‘poison grouper,’’ really one of the scor- pion fishes, Scorpena plumieri, August 6, 1910. Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 48511, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42266, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form very elongate and slender; cephalo- thorax semielliptical, two-thirds wider than long, with almost regu- lar curvature; eye small and close to the frontal margin. Second thorax segment short, one-seventh narrower than the cepha- lothorax; third segment longer and three-quarters as wide as the second; fourth segment only half the length and width of the third; fifth segment as long as the third and one-fifth narrower than the fourth, formed into a sort of neck anteriorly and posteriorly. Genital segment barrel-shaped, the same width as the fifth segment and twice as long. Abdomen nearly as long as the free thorax and genital segment together, three-jointed, the joints diminishing a little in length and width; anal lamin twice as long as wide, and two-thirds the length of the last segment, with square corners. Each is tipped with a long inner seta, an outer one half as long, a short spine at the outer distal corner, and another at the center of the outer margin. Egg-strings remarkably long and slender for this genus, as long as the entire body and the same width as the basal abdomen segment, which makes them 11 times as long as wide; eggs large, arranged in four longitudinal rows, from 25 to 27 in a row. First antenne very long and slender, the basal portion only slightly enlarged and not much curved, but carrying two long tactile sete, and the usual large plumose seta at the distal end, pointing back- ward. Second antennx large and stout, the terminal joint tipped with a long finger process at the posterior ventral corner, a shorter one at the anterior ventral corner, with two long and strongly curved claws between them, and a larger curved claw arising from the dorsal sur- NO. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 199 face above the bases of the two finger processes. The whole ventral surface of the joint itself and that of the two processes are covered with diagonal corrugations. The upper lip is one-half wider than long, with convex anterior and posterior margins, prominent lateral angles, and a small rounded process at the center of the posterior margin. It is further orna- mented on the ventral surface with a wide ridge, curving inward from each lateral angle, then backward to the posterior margin, and then inward again to the median process. The mandibles are turned backward along the posterior margin of the lip and terminate in a straight and slender spine. The first maxille are each armed with three setx, the two inner ones close together and the same length, the outer one removed a little ways from them and only one-fifth as long. The second maxille are rather slender, the terminal joint being inclined forward and ending in a single smooth spine. The maxilli- peds have a triangular basal joint and a stout terminal claw armed with a small and slender seta on the inner margin of the proximal curve and a large accessory spine on the outer margin of the distal curve; the basal joint carries two stout spines close together at the center of its inner margin, the anterior one twice the size of the posterior. The first swimming legs have a two-jointed exopod and a three- jointed endopod; the second, third, and fourth legs have three- jointed rami, with the spines and set arranged as follows: Second exopod, I—0, I—1, ITI—5; endopod, 0—1, 0—2, II—3. Third exo- pod, I—0, II—1, II—6; endopod, 0—1, 0—2, II—2. Fourth exopod, I—0, I—1, 0—5; endopod, 0—1, 0—1, 0—3. Color a translucent cartilage gray, oviducts white, egg-strings light eray. Total length, 2.28mm. Cephalothorax, 0.6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Free and genital segments, 1 mm. long. Abdomen, 0.9 mm. long, Egg-strings, 2.10 mm. long. (attenuatus, very slender, alluding to the first antenne, abdomen, and egg-strings.) | This species is readily distinguished by the great length and slender- ness of its first antenne, abdomen, and egg-strings, by the armature of the terminal joint of the second antenne, and by the peculiar shape and ornamentation of the upper lip. It is not at all a common species, since it was found on only one of the many scorpion fish examined; it is, of course, possible that this is not its regular host, but it was not found on any of the other fish examined during the season of 1910. 200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 44, TUCCA IMPRESSUS Krgyer. Tucca impressus Kr@YER, 1837, p. 479, pl. 5. fig. 2a-9. Host and record of specimens.—This species was very common on the fins of the various puffers, and almost every fish yielded one or more specimens of the parasite. Two lots were taken from the spiny- backed puffer, Spheroides marmoratus, one on June 20, the other on September 15, and have been numbered, respectively, 42265 and 42269, U.'S.N.M. Two other lots were obtained from the burr fish, Chilomycterus antennatus, one on June 15, the other on August 8. These include by far the larger number of specimens and also both sexes of the parasite, and have been numbered, respectively, 42273 and 42251, U.S.N.M. A single lot was obtained from the pectoral fins of the porcupine fish, Diodon hystrix, and has received Cat. No. 42264,U.S.N.M. This lot contains five females. Careful search was made on these porcupine fishes for specimens of the distinct species described by Nordmann in 1864, as obtained - from a Diodon species on the west coast of Africa, and to which the present author has elsewhere given the name verrucosus,’ but none could be found. In evidence that the habitat of these (and other) parasites is exactly restricted to certain kinds of fish, we may note the fact that although this species was so common on all the puffers, not a solitary specimen was ever found on any of the trunk fishes, and yet the latter are always associated with the puffers and are very similar to them in most respects. ARTACOLAX PALLEUCUS, new species. Plates 22 and 23. Host and record of specimens.—This species was common on the gills of the ‘“‘poison grouper,’’ really one of the scorpion fishes, Scor- pena plumert Bloch. Four lots of specimens were obtained from this fish, on June 17, June 30, July 20, and July 21, 1910. These have received respec- tively Cat. Nos. 42272, 42324, 42252, and 42254, U.S.N.M. Type-specimen.—A female, Cat. No. 43582, U.S.N.M. Female.—General shape resembling a tadpole, with a large and highly inflated cephalothorax and a long and slender hind body, made up of the fifth and sixth (genital) thorax segments and the abdomen. Head and first thorax segment fully fused; second, third, and fourth segments partially fused with them to form the anterior inflated portion of the body, which is quite regularly oval in general outline, strongly arched dorsally, and filled with the uter- 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, 1911, p. 359. no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 201 ine processes of the oviducts. The true cephalothorax forms about two-thirds of this anterior body and is one-half wider than long; the second segment is narrowed a little and is quite short; the fused third and fourth segments are again narrowed a little, but are rounded out posteriorly over the fifth segment, so as to be nearly twice the length of the second segment. A minute eye is plainly visible, placed far forward, very close to the anterior margin. In the hinder portion of the body the fifth segment is abruptly narrowed to less than half the width of the fused third and fourth segments, and is mostly concealed in dorsal view. The genital segment is a little wider than the fifth segment ante- riorly where the egg-strings are attached, but tapers posteriorly. The abdomen is made up of three long and narrow segments, diminishing regularly in size, the basal one the same length as the genital segment. The anal lamine are as long as the terminal abdo- men segment, and each of them half as wide, tapering posteriorly and tipped with an inner seta as long as the entire abdomen, an outer one five-eighths as long, and two minute spines at the base on the outer margin. Ege-strings spindle-shaped, slightly swollen at the center, with bluntly rounded ends; each is as wide as the genital segment and as long as the narrowed posterior body; eggs numerous, arranged in six to eight longitudinal rows, about eighteen in each row. First antenne long and stout, the basal portion not much enlarged, but furnished with a dense row of stout sete along the anterior mar- gin. Between these antenne on the ventral margin is a stout furca pointing backward and composed of two strong spies united by a crossbar at their base. Second antenne large and stout, three-jointed, terminal and basal jomts the same length, the middle joint less than half as long. The terminal joint is corrugated on its ventral surface and tipped with a stout claw, as long as the joint itself and well curved, with a bristling row of spines of varying lengths around its base. Mouth-parts close behind the second antenne; upper lip triangular, one-fifth wider than long, a rounded angle turned forward while the lateral margins are straight; the lateral angles project as rounded knobs and the posterior margin is strongly convex. Mandibles simple, turned backward beneath the upper lip and tipped «with a single straight spine. First maxilla a rounded knob armed with three plumose sete which diminish in size from within outward. Second maxilla short and stout, turned forward and armed with a small spine on the posterior margin, and tipped with two straight spines, the inner of which is twice the size of the outer. Maxillipeds reaching forward outside the other mouth ‘parts nearly 202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, to the anterior margin of the upper lip; the terminal claw large and stout, with a long curved accessory spine on the outer (distal) curve of the S. The basal joints of these maxillipeds are plainly visible behind the maxille and are connected across the midline by a wide sternum. First swimming legs with a one-jointed exopod and a three-jointed | endopod; second, third, and fourth legs with three-jomted rami, the spines and setz arranged as follows: Second exopod, I—0, I—1, Il— 7; endopod, 0—1, 0—2, I—3. Third exopod, I—0, I—1, 0—8; endopod, 0—0, 0—2, II—2. Fourth exopod, I—0, I—1, 0—8; en- dopod, 0—1, 0—1, 0—3. The sternal plates connecting the bases of the third sie fourth legs are both on the fused (third adh fourth) segment, the former near the anterior margin, the latter at the center. The fifth legs are uniramose and two-jointed, the terminal joint spatulate and tipped with three spines. Color a translucent cartilage gray, through which the snow-white uterine processes of the oviducts show prominently; the eggs are also white in younger stages of development. Total length, 1.80 mm. Anterior inflated portion of body, 0.85 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide. Width of genital segment, 0.28 mm. Length of egg-strings, 1 mm. Male.—General body form elongate, almost linear; cephalothorax spindle-shaped, strongly contracted anteriorly and posteriorly, with the lateral margins projecting. Posterior body diminishing by halves, the second and third segments nearly the same width, which is half the cephalothorax, the fourth, fifth, and genital segments half the width of the preceding two, the abdomen half the width of the genital segment and two-jointed, the basal joint twice the length of the terminal; anal lamine linear and two-thirds the length of the last joint. Appendages similar to those of the female with the usual sexual differences. The furca on the ventral margin between the bases of the first antennz is considerably enlarged and its rami overlap the second antennse. The claws at the tips of the latter appendages are also much enlarged and are bent into a half circle. The maxillipeds are three-jointed, the second joint enlarged, triangular, and armed with a row of long teeth on its inner margin; terminal claw slender, curved to fit down over the second joint, beyond the proximal end of which it projects for some distance; it also has a row of fine saw teeth which fit against those on the second joint. First swimming legs not flattened, as in the female, but with three- jointed rami like the following pairs; in the fourth endopod the two terminal joints are fused with only marginal notches to indicate the jointing; other legs as in the female. no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 203 Total length, 1.3 mm. Cephalothorax, 0.35 mm. long, 0.4 mm. _ wide. Free thorax, 0.37 mm. long. Anal sete, 0.5 mm. long. Color as in the female, the testes, sperm ducts, and sperm recep- tacles showing snow-white through the body walls. (xddevxoc, mac and Aevkéc, all white.) This species is a very common one on the gills of the scorpion fish, nearly every fish examined being infested. The females were found fastened to the skin on the inside of the gill arches and occasionally on the filaments. The males were always fastened to the filaments. The hold of both sexes is rather a loose one and is easily broken, and they seem to move about freely over the gills. When removed to an aquarium they fasten readily to the glass and hold on as well as to the gills. They also swim about easily and quite rapidly and may be kept alive for several days. They can not, however, crawl up out of the water like the Caligide, but always remain beneath the surface. This is the first male to be described for the new genus Artacolaz, and it is interesting to note some differences between it and a typical Bomolochus male. These consist chiefly in the anterior marginal furca, the huge claws at the tips of the second antennz, and in the peculiar shape of the second joint and terminal claws of the maxil- lipeds. PSEUDOEUCANTHUS UNISERIATUS, new species. Plate 24. Host and record of specimens.—A single lot consisting of three females with egg-strings was obtained from the mouth of the yellow jack, Caranz crysos, August 1, 1910. Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 43510, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42256, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form long and narrow; cephalothorax transversely elliptical, one-sixth wider than long; frontal margin pro- jecting as a rounded knob between the bases of the antenne. Carapace not reaching the lateral margins, its posterior corners prominent and rounded, overlapping the second thorax segment; no dorsal grooves; eye small and situated very far forward, almost between the bases of the antennze. Second segment half the width of the cephalothorax and very short; third segment a little wider and considerably longer, with projecting posterior corners; fourth segment the same width as the second and as long as the third, strongly contracted posteriorly; fifth segment a little narrower than the fourth and about half as long, its lateral margins projecting angularly over the bases of the fifth legs; sixth or genital segment the same width as the fifth and two-thirds as long, its lateral margins strongly convex. 204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, Abdomen abruptly contracted to half the width of the genital segment, three-jointed, the joints diminishing slightly in width and considerably in length; anal lamine narrow oblong, three times as long as wide and about the same length as the two terminal abdomen joints. . Each lamina is tipped with a large papilla carrying a long and stout seta, and with four short spines, three at the tip and one on the outer margin. Egg-strings one-sixth longer than the entire body; eggs large and uniservate except for a short distance near the base where there are two rows, 30 to 35 eggs in each string. First antenne not enlarged at the base, but with a row of wide and flattened sete along the anterior margin; segmentation indistinct but apparently made up of five joints. Second antenne with a slightly enlarged terminal joint, tipped with a fleshy finger-like process and two long curved claws. Extending along the anterior margin of the joint and to the tip of the finger process is a row of blunt teeth; the surface of the joint is also covered with corrugated ridges. Upper lip large and shield-shaped, with prominent rounded ante- rior corners and a three-lobed posterior margin. Mandible directed backward and ending in a smooth, needle-like spine. First maxilla with a distinct basal portion and a prominent knob armed with three plumose sete, the central one of which is nearly twice the length of the other two. Second maxilla with a long and swollen basal joint curved forward toward the end and tipped with two short and stout spines covered with hairs. Basal joint of the maxillipeds partly visible behind the maxille; second joint curved around the outside of the second maxilla and greatly elongated so that it reaches in front of even the second antenne; terminal claw moderately bent and following the inner margin of the second joint, without accessory Spines or sete. Exopod of first swimming leg turned forward and two-jointed, terminal joint much longer than the basal; endopod extending back- ward and three-jointed. Second, third, and fourth legs with three- jointed rami, each joint of the exopod armed on the outer margin with short saw teeth and one or more long spines; arrangement of the spines and sete as follows: Second exopod, I—0, I—0, I1—3; endo- pod, 0O—1, 0O—2, II—3. Third exopod, I—0, I—0, III—3; endopod, 0—1, 0—1, I—3. Fourth exopod, I—0, I—0, HI—3; endopod, 0O—1, 0O—1, I—2. Fifth legs uniramose but wider and longer than any of the others, each tipped with three spines and carrying a fourth on the outer margin. no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 205 Uterine processes of the oviducts filling the posterior fourth of the cephalothorax and the second, third, and fourth segments, sending a branch out into the base of each of the swimming legs. Color a dark gray, the cephalothorax nearly transparent, the uterine processes snow-white. Total length, 1.25 mm. Cephalothorax, 0.5 mm. long, 0.45 mm. wide. Free thorax, 0.5 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide. Egg-strings, 1.5 mm. long, 0.1 mm. wide. (uniseriatus, arranged in a single series, alluding to the eggs.) The present genus was created by Brian in 1906 for some parasites which had been obtained from the eye of ‘‘Clupea alosa.”’ The naming of the genus was unfortunate in every particular. The name Eucanthus given by Claus had been preoccupied many years before for a genus of coleoptera and hence can not stand. We thus have a Pseudoeucanthus but no EHucanthus. Again, Claus’s genus was distinguished from Bomolochus by the presence of maxillary hooks and by the normal position of the maxil- lipeds behind the other mouth parts. Brian’s genus shows neither of these peculiarities but has the mouth parts like those of Bomolochus, and might far better have been called Pseudobomolochus. Indeed, while it is easily distinguished from Hucanthus (Anchistrotos), what it really demands is a better separation from Bomolochus. This may be stated as follows: First antenne neither enlarged nor curved at the base and destitute of tactile setee; maxillipeds without plumose sete or accessory spines; exopod segments of the second, third, and fourth legs fused and only the terminal joint armed with plumose sete; single ramus of the fifth legs longer and wider than any of the others; each anal lamina tipped with a single-jointed seta and small spines; genital segment very short and carrying rudimentary sixth legs; eggs very large, in two rows only or even mostly uniseriate, forming strings similar to those in the Caligide and unlike the rest of the Ergasilide. These specimens, obtained and examined alive, enable us to decide all those points in Brian’s original description which needed confirmation or correction.* 1. There are four free segments in front of the genital segment as in Bomolochus. The first of these, really the second thorax segment, is very short and narrower than the third segment. This segment is not indicated in Brian’s figures or description. 2. This genus possesses first maxille similar to those in the other genera of the family. 3. The specimen figured by Brian as a ‘‘male(?)”’ was really a female without egg-strings. 1See Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, p. 381. 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIQ@NAL MUSEUM. vou, 44. TZZNIACANTHUS FLAGELLANS, new species. Plate 25, figs. 54-61. Host and record of specvmens.—Six females with egg-strings were obtained from the gill cavity of the hammer-head shark, Sphyrna zygena, at different times, two being the largest number from any single shark. Type-specuomen.—Cat. No. 43517, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42261, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form elongate and narrow, especially posteriorly; cephalothorax turned over ventrally so as to stand at right angles to the rest of the body axis; ventral surface of this cephalothorax prolonged into a sucking disk which protrudes beyond all the mouth parts and is surrounded by a membranous edge, similar to that on the sucking disks of Argulus. The first antennz lie along the anterior portion of this edge while the first legs curve around the posterior portion and both no doubt aid in attaching and releasing the disk. Cephalothorax triangular in dorsal outline, with rounded corners, considerably wider than the second (first free) segment, and entirely covering the antennz, mouth parts, and first legs. Second to fifth segments about the same length but diminishing regularly in width, and showing successively larger portions of the swimming legs, until the whole of the fifth pair appears in dorsal view. Genital segment the same width as the fifth segment and nearly twice as long, tapering posteriorly. Abdomen composed of four segments, diminishing regularly in size, except that the third one is a little shorter than the last. Anal lamine narrow, two-thirds the length of the last segment, each tipped with two setz of which the inner one is half as long again as the outer. Egg-cases attached to the anterior end of the genital segment on the dorsal surface, their bases covered by the rudimentary sixth legs. Each case is about the same diameter as the abdomen and reaches to the center or even the tips of the longest anal sets; eggs numerous, arranged in six or seven longitudinal rows, 18 or 20 eggs in a row. Basal portion of first antenne not much enlarged, indistinctly divided into three parts, with a fringe of large flattened setz along the anterior margin; terminal portion made up of three distinct segments, heavily armed with sete. Second antenne three-jointed and tipped with three long curved claws, the ventral surface of the terminal joint being corrugated. Mouth parts close to the second antennz; upper lip two and a half times as wide as long, the two anterior margins slightly concave, the posterior one convex. Mandibles three-jointed, the two distal joints bent backward at an angle with the basal joint; the terminal joint a simple straight spine. First maxilla armed with three setz no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 207 of about the same length. Second maxilla tipped with two spines, the posterior one twice the size of the anterior. Maxillipeds with the terminal joint bent back against the basal and tipped with two spines, the outer (posterior) of which is twice the size of the inner. Behind the bases of the maxillipeds, on either side of the midline and close to it, is a short accessory spine. Each ramus of the first legs is two-jointed, those of the second, third, and fourth legs three-jointed, with the arrangement of the spines and sete as follows: Second exopod, I—0, I—1, II—7; endopod, 0—1, 0—2, II—4. Third exopod, I—0, I—1, II—6; endopod, 0—1, I—2, II—%3. Fourth exopod, I—0, I—1, I—6; endopod, 0—1, I—2, II—3. Fifth legs two-jomted, the terminal joint enlarged and tipped with four spines. Ovaries in the lateral portions of the cephalothorax; oviducts extending back along the lateral margins of the free thorax segments, sending out short and stout uterine processes into each segment. Color a clear cartilage gray, the ovaries and processes white. Total length, 3 mm. Cephalothorax, 0.70 mm. long, 0.98 mm. wide. Free thorax, 1 mm. long. Egg-cases, 1.5 mm. long. (flagellans, flagellating or lashing, in allusion to the lashing motions when disturbed.) This genus was established by Sumpf (1871) upon some specimens obtained from the gills of Carcharias (Carcharhinus) lamia. A new species was added by the present author in 1910 obtained from the vent of the bonnet-head shark, Sphyrna tiburo. The present is a third species from the gills of the hammer-head, and having been studied alive some notes can be added on the habits of the genus. All the specimens were found attached to the skin of the gill partitions just outside of the filaments. When detached and placed in an aquarium they swim about as freely as pelagic forms and may be kept alive for several days. The ventral disk protrudes like a sucker’s mouth and is the chief organ of attachment, thus emphasizing one of the chief differences between the subfamilies of the Ergasilide. In the Ergasiline there is no ventral disk and attachment is entirely by means of the second antenne; in the Bomolochine there is such a disk, but the stout claws on the maxillipeds show that they play an important part in attachment; here in the Teniacanthine the ventral disk is fully developed, and is the only organ of attachment, the antenne and maxillipeds having degenerated beyond practical use. The parasites catch on and let go with great ease and celerity and adhere to glass as readily as to the fish’s gills. When thus attached the long thorax and abdomen are lashed about actively, especially upon irritation, and this peculiar habit is sure to attract attention to the copepod. When the gills are placed in water the parasites leave them quickly and swim about, usually without returning to them again. 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 44, Family CALIGID. CALIGUS PRODUCTUS Dana. Caligus productus Dana, 1854, p. 1354, pl. 94, fig. 4. Host and record of specumens.—This species was originally described by Dana from specimens obtained from the common dolphin, Cory- phena hippurus, and from trigger fishes, Balistes, in the West Indies. It was afterward noted by Steenstrup and Liitken (1861, p. 357) as taken from the inside of the operculum of the barracuda, Sphyrxena barracuda, and by Krgyer (1863, p. 64) as found on the same Cory- phena as Dana’s specimens. In both of these instances the locality given was the Danish West Indies. » CALIGUS BALISTZ Steenstrup and Liitken. Caliqus baliste SteenstruP and LUTKEN, 1861, p. 356, pl. 1, fig. 1. Host and record of specvmens.—This species was originally obtained from the mouth and fins of a West Indian Balistes, probably B. vetula, and included both sexes. It has not been found by any subsequent investigators. CALIGUS ISONYX Steenstrup and Liitken. Caligus isonyx STEENSTRUP and LUTKEN, 1861, p. 358, pl. 3, fig. 5. Host and record of specumens.—This species is based on a single female taken from the gills of a great barracuda, Sphyrena barracuda, in the West Indies. No other specimen has ever been obtained. CALIGUS HZMULONIS Kréyer. Caligus hemulonis Kréyer, 1863, p. 48, pl. 4, fig. 3a-d. Host and record of specumens.—Three specimens, two females and a male, of this species were taken from the gills of the yellow grunt, Hemulon scwrus (H. elegans Cuvier), in the Danish West Indies. No other specimens have ever been obtained, CALIGUS TENAX Heller. Plate 26; plate 29, figs. 99-101. Caligus tenax Heuer, 1865, p. 172, pl. 15, fig. 3. Host and record of specumens.—The original type-specimens were obtained from the gills of the horse crevalle, Caranz hippos (C. caran- gus of Heller), in Brazil. These included females only. Later (1898) Bassett-Smith reported both sexes from various species of Caranz in the Indian Ocean. Both sexes were also obtained from the gills of Caranz crysos July 12, and from Carana hippos July 29, 1910, and have received Cat. Nos. 42301 and 42341, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form long and stout; carapace ovate, one- sixth wider than long, strongly contracted anteriorly; frontal plates prominent; lunules semicircular, projecting half their width; frontal no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 209 margin straight, deeply incised at the center; lateral areas very wide; lateral lobes also wide and short, curved strongly inward and almost squarely truncated at the ends; median lobe a little more than one- third the width of the carapace, with projecting corners which overlap the lateral lobes, and an emarginate posterior border. Eye minute, one-third the length of the carapace behind the anterior margin. Free segment short, two-sevenths the width of the carapace; genital segment acorn-shaped, three-fourths the length and half the width of the carapace, with wide and bluntly rounded posterior lobes. Abdomen one-jointed, three-sevenths of the width and a little more than half the length of the genital segment; anal lamine minute, widely separated, each tipped with four short sete. Egg-tubes three-fourths the width of the abdomen and a little more than half the length of the body. Terminal joints of the first antenne very slender, much longer than the basal joints, ten times as long as wide. Second antenne rather slender, with a long terminal claw bent at a right angle near the tip. Maxillary hooks short and nearly straight, with a strongly inflated base; first maxille short and triangular, with a small secondary spine near the center of the inner margin. Maxillipeds with a stout terminal claw fully as long as the moderately inflated basal joint and strongly curved. Furca with an exceptionally broad, three-lobed base and the short rami curved so as to form together a half circle. First swimming legs with a very rudimentary one-jointed endopod, and with short plumose setz on the terminal joint of the exopod; second legs with medium-sized spines on the exopod, whose second joint carries an exceptionally wide rowing seta; rami of third legs close together, the spine on the exopod long and stout and bent into a half circle; fourth legs four-jointed with five spines subequal in length. Cement glands situated far forward in the genital segment and inclined outward, the divisions of the glandular portion showing like a string of beads through their center. Color a clear cartilage-gray, very translucent except toward the margin, with ten small circular pigment spots of dark bluish-purple on the dorsal surface of the carapace, arranged in pairs. Total length, 4 mm. Carapace, 1.75 mm. long, 2 mm. wide. ' Genital segment, 1.3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Abdomen, 0.8 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide. Egg-strings 2.25 mm. long, 0.33 mm. wide. Male.—Carapace in all respects similar to that of the female, but proportionally larger; free segment longer and contracted into a neck anteriorly and posteriorly; genital segment barrel-shaped, with moderately curved sides and small posterior lobes closely approxi- mated to the sides of the abdomen, which latter is almost as wide as 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13——14 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, the genital segment and indistinctly two-joited, the basal joint much the shorter; anal laminz small and circular, each tipped with three long setz and a shorter one on the lateral margin. Terminal joints of the first antenne even longer and more slender than in the female. Second antenne with a much longer second joint and a shorter terminal claw, curved into a horseshoe shape. Maxillary hooks longer and more slender but straight; other appendages like those of the female except that both the fifth and sixth legs are present on the genital segment, the former on the lateral margins opposite the sperm receptacles, the latter forming the posterior lobes. Color as in the female. Total length, 2.85 mm. Carapace, 1.6 mm. long, 1.7 mm. wide. Genital segment, 0.65 mm. long, 0.45 mm. wide. Heller’s description of the female of this species was good and such figures as he presented were excellent, but both were made from preserved material alone and lacked many details. Bassett-Smith’s description of the male is far from satisfactory and his single figure gives no details whatever. The present specimens having been obtained alive and kept for several days, an attempt has been made to give a complete descrip- tion from them, particularly with regard to color and proportions. Among these specimens were two chalimus larve; in the smaller one only the first thorax segment was fused with the carapace and the endopod of the first legs was as large as the exopod. In the larger one the first two thorax segments were fused with the carapace and the first endopod had become very rudimentary. Both sexes swim about in an aquarium almost constantly and are fully as lively as C. rapax. The species is not a common one, for among the large number of jacks examined during the season only two were found infested with this parasite. One of these, however, yielded a dozen specimens, which was an exceptionally large number. CALIGUS IRRITANS Heller. Plate 25, fig. 62; plate 27. Caliqus irritans Heuer, 1865, p. 177, pl. 15, figs. 7 and 8. Host and record of specimens.—A male and female of this species were obtained from the gills of a large (12 pounds) red snapper, Neomenis aya, on July 22, 1910. They have been given Cat. No. 42262, U.S.N.M. Female-—General body form long and stout; carapace ovate, longer than wide and one-fourth shorter than the rest of the body; frontal plates prominent, lunules enormous and circular, separated by a distance equal to their own diameter; lateral areas narrow, lateral lobes curved inward at their tips and bluntly rounded; no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 211 median lobe half the diameter of the carapace, with a nearly straight posterior margin on a level with the tips of the lateral lobes. Free segment short, about one-fourth the width of the carapace; genital segment shaped like a broad acorn with a slightly reentrant posterior margin, three-fourths the size of the carapace, without lobes or fifth legs. Abdomen two-jointed, basal joint considerably the longer; one- third-the width and five-sevenths the length of the genital segment; anal lamin short and wide, each tipped with five sete. Of the appendages the maxillary hooks have an inflated circular base and a long and strongly curved ramus. First maxille slender and extending considerably beyond the tip of the mouth; rudi- mentary endopods present, each tipped with a single spine. Mouth tube very short and wide, in fact almost circular in ventral outline. Terminal claw of maxillipeds less than two-fifths of the length of the basal joint, stout and strongly curved, with a spine on its inner margin. Furca long and narrow, contracted at the base of the rami, which are slender, bluntly rounded and curved like parenthesis marks. First swimming legs short and stout, with two spines on the ventral surface of the basal joint at the distal end and one on the posterior margin; rami of second legs equal in length, the spines on the exopod slender and weak; rami of third legs well separated, short and wide; fourth legs three-joimted with five sub- equal spines. Cement glands divergent, with their bases close to the midline, the beaded portion narrow and extending through the center of the gland. Color a uniform cartilage-gray without pigment marks of any sort. Total length, 4.16 mm. Carapace, 1.83 mm. long, 1.6 mm. wide. Genital segment, 1.25 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Abdomen, 0.92 mm, long, 0.35 mm. wide. Male.—Carapace similar in all respects to that of the female, but proportionally larger, the medium lobe projecting a little behind the lateral lobes; genital segment barrel-shaped, with strongly convex sides and straight anterior and posterior margins; both the fifth and the sixth legs present, the former just behind the center of the lateral margin and tipped with a single spine, the latter farther back and more prominent, tipped with two spines. Basal abdomen joint considerably shorter than the terminal; anal laminz long and wide, each tipped with four sete. Second antennz with a swollen and corrugated basal joint and an exceptionally short and stubby terminal claw; maxillary hooks en- larged so that they are longer and stouter than the entire second antenne. Maxillipeds with a strongly swollen basal jot armed with five large saw teeth on its inner margin, against which the terminal claw shuts when closed. 212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, Furca much narrower than in the female and somewhat different in shape. (See fig. 72.) Color like that of the female. Total length, 3.5 mm. Carapace, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide. Genital segment, 0.57 mm. long, 0.48 mm. wide. This species was originally described by Heller from specimens obtained on the gills of a Serranus species from Brazil and has not been seen since. The present specimens differ in several of the minor details but are undoubtedly the same species. They are here redescribed to confirm Heller’s species, to show the variations in minor details, and to emphasize the distinguishing characters. These latter are to be found in the general body proportions, the exception- ally large lunules, the very short and almost circular mouth tube, and in the male the stubby claws on the second antenne, the greatly enlarged maxillary hook and the stout, toothed basal joints of the maxillipeds. The species is very rare, only the single pair being obtained during the entire season. CALIGUS ROBUSTUS Bassett-Smith. Plate 28. Caliqus robustus BAssETtT-SmirH, 1898, p. 361, pl. 11, figs. 1-2. Host and record of specuomens.—A male and female were obtained from the gills of the red-mouthed grunt, Bathystoma rimator, July 14, 1910, and have received Cat. No. 42260, U.S.N.M. Two much larger females were afterwards found upon the gills of the crevalle, Caranx crysos, and were given Cat. No. 42268, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form short and stout; carapace ovate, as wide as long; frontal plates narrow and not prominent; lunules small, circular, and projecting moderately; lateral areas very wide and terminating in wide and blunt posterior lobes; median lobe three- sevenths the entire width and reaching but little behind the lateral lobes; posterior sinuses shallow with parallel sides. Kye medium-sized and placed far forward, one-fifth the length of the carapace behind the anterior margin. Free segment nearly one-third the width of the carapace, strongly contracted anteriorly and posteriorly. Genital segment broad acorn-shaped, a little wider than long, with the lateral margins strongly convex, the posterior margin nearly straight, the corners evenly rounded without lobes, and the fifth legs visible just outside the bases of the egg strings. Abdomen less than one-fourth the width of the genital segment and considerably shorter, two-jointed, basal joint twice the length of the terminal. Anal Jaminz large and inclined toward each other, each tipped with three sete of equal length and two short spines on the outer No, 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 213 margin. Egg-strings half the entire length, each one-third wider than the abdomen and containing 20 to 25 eggs. First antenne short, not reaching the lateral margin of the cara- pace; second pair with a stout basal jomt but a weak and slender terminal claw. Maxillary hooks minute, with an inflated circular base and a very short tip; first maxille long, wide, and bluntly rounded at the tip, projecting well beyond the mouth tube, which is short and wide. Maxillipeds with a stout basal joint bearing an enormous broad spine on its inner margin and a much smaller sec- ondary one at its base. The point of the terminal claw, which is stout and less than half the length of the basal joint, shuts in between the two spines. Furca stout, contracted at the center and enlarged at either end, the rami broadly laminate, bluntly rounded, and nearly straight. Exopod of the second swimming legs shorter than the endopod and armed with very long and acuminate spines; rami of third legs well separated, exopod long and narrow with a medium-sized bluntly pointed spine; fourth legs stout, the three terminal joints nearly as wide as the basal, the five spines subequal; fifth legs each tipped with two spines. Color a uniform white, without pigment markings of any sort. Total length, 4.2 mm. Carapace, 2mm. long, 2 mm. wide. Geni- tal segment, 1.1 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide. Abdomen, 1 mm. long, 0.27 mm. wide. Egeg-strings,2mm.long. The females from Caranz crysos had a total length of 7 mm., with the other measurements in proportion. Male.—Carapace and free segment similar to those of the female, the former a little more than half the entire length. Genital segment less than a third the width of the carapace, barrel-shaped, with strongly convex sides and short posterior lobes; fifth and sixth legs both present, the former just behind the center of the lateral margins, the latter forming the posterior lobes. Abdomen two-jointed but with the terminal joint three times the length of the basal; anal laminee large and inclined toward each other, each tipped with three long sete and a fourth shorter one on the outer margin. Appendages like those of the female without even the customary differences in the second antenns, maxillary hooks, and maxillipeds. Color like the female. Total length, 2.64 mm. Carapace, 1.35 mm. long, 1.36 mm. wide. Genital segment, 0.43 mm. long and the same width. Bassett-Smith’s original specimens were obtained from the oper- culum or gill rays of various species of Caranz and Thynnus from the Indian Ocean. The specimens from the red-mouthed grunt are much smaller than his but there can be no doubt they are the same 914 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44. species, while the two from the jack are fully as large as his. As Bassett-Smith says, the species somewhat resembles Caligus irritans Heller, but it shows these differences. The genital segment in both sexes is much shorter and wider, the abdomen is narrower, the maxil- lary hooks are not enlarged in the male, the maxillipeds are alike in the two sexes and very different from either sex in wrritans, the furca is much stouter and often contracted at the center, and the details of the swimming legs are quite different, especially the fourth pair. In the two large females from the jack the contents of the digestive tube showed dark bluish-black by transmitted light, and the ventral surface of the genital segment was covered with an irregular pattern of fine bluish-purple lines. As the species has been seen only by Bassett-Smith, and as the present locality is far removed from the Indian Ocean, it has been deemed wise to give a new description and figures. CALIGUS ATROMACULATUS, new species. Plate 29, figs. 92-98. Host and record of specimens.—Two females, both with egg-strings, belonging to this tiny species were found fastened to the gill filaments of the doctor fish, Tewthis hepatus. Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 42348, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form short and stout; carapace about half the entire length, a little longer than wide; frontal plates projecting prominently; lunules large, circular, and close to the mid-line; frontal margin straight without any median incision; cross-bar of the H groove curved forward so that its center is close behind the eye; lateral areas only one-seventh the width of the thoracic area, lateral lobes pointed and curved inward; posterior sinuses narrow and deep; median lobe almost squarely truncated posteriorly and projecting but little behind the lateral lobes. Kye large and placed about one-fourth of the length of the cara- pace behind its anterior margin. Free segment short and contracted into a waist anteriorly; genital segment ovate, one-third the entire length, with evenly rounded sides and corners and a squarely truncated posterior margin, without lobes or fifth legs. Abdomen minute, one-fourth. the length and width of the genital segment; anal laming spherical and well separated, each tipped with five sete, the three middle ones three times the length of the other two. Egeg-strings very wide and short, each nearly half the width and the same length as the genital segment and containing a dozen eggs. First antenne short and slender, the tips just reaching the lateral margins of the carapace; second pair stout, the terminal claw much longer than the basal joint and bent near its tip; maxillary hooks No. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 215 three-quarters as large as the terminal claws of the second antenne, slender, and curved but slightly; maxille reaching well beyond the end of the short and wide mouth tube, slender, with an enlarged and bluntly rounded tip; maxillipeds small, the terminal claw weak and only half the length of the basal joint. Furca proportionally large, the basal part subquadrilateral with the sides slightly reentrant, the rami one-half longer than the base, nearly parallel, with flattened spatulate tips. Claws on the exopods of the second legs long and slender; rami of the third legs small and well separated; fourth legs (including their, spines) reaching nearly to the posterior margin of the genital segment, but slender, with a short spine on the outer margin of the basal joint near its distal end, a long terminal spine at the tips of the second and third joints and two on the terminal joint, of which the inner is twice the length of the outer. - Color a clear cartilage gray, thickly covered on the dorsal surface with small spots of jet black; these spots are circular in outline and are thickest along the midline where they extend the entire length of the body. Total length, 2.05 mm. Carapace, 1.1 mm. long, 0.95 mm. wide. Genital segment, 0.65 mm. long and the same width. Abdomen, 0.15 mm. long. Egg-strings, 0.8 mm. long. (atromaculatus, ater, black, and maculatus, spotted.) This tiny species proved to be very sluggish when transferred to an aquarium and did not swim about at all, simply lying on its back and moving its appendages feebly. Its distinguishing characters are the black spots on the dorsal surface, the large circular lunules, the spatulate tips of the first maxille, the long and club-shaped rami of the furca, and the weak and slender fourth legs. CALIGUS AFURCATUS, new species. Plate 30, figs. 102-106; plate 32, figs. 136-138. Host and record of specimens.—Three females with egg-strings were found fastened to the sides of the filaments, in the spaces between adjacent filaments, on the gills of an 8-pound green parrot fish, Spari- soma viride, in company with the following species. Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 43518, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42259, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form short and stout; carapace ovate, one- eighth longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly; frontal plates narrow and not prominent; lunules small, widely separated, circular, and not projecting; eye small; lateral areas narrow, lateral lobes bluntly rounded and inclined inward; median lobe half the entire width and projecting for half its length behind the lateral lobes; posterior sinuses narrow and inclined outward; crossbar of the H grooves convex 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44. anteriorly, crossing the midline at the center of the carapace. Free segment short, one-fourth the width of the carapace and swollen through the bases of the legs. Genital segment ovate, with strongly convex sides and short, broad posterior lobes. Abdomen minute, triangular, one-jointed; anal lamine long and narrow, each tipped with four tiny spines. Egeg-strings three-fourths as long as the entire body, each con- taining about 30 eggs. First antenne small, the joints about the same length; second pair large, with a long and slender terminal claw bent into a half circle. Maxillary hooks so minute as to be scarcely visible; first maxille reduced to mere pimples at the sides of the mouth tube, short and bluntly rounded but still retamimg the rudimentary exopod tipped with two spines. Maxillipeds long and slender, basal joint three and a half times as long as wide, terminal claw stout and acuminate, shorter than the basal jot and not much curved. First swimming legs also long and slender, the terminal joint with only two claws at, the end and three weak sets on the posterior border. Terminal joint of the exopod of the second legs long and wide, spine on the basal joint narrow and acuminate, spines on the two terminal joints exceptionally small and short. Rami of third legs well separated, claw on the exopod short, stout, and straight, the joints longer than usual and well armed with setz and spines. Fourth legs three- jointed, the two terminal of the usual four joints being fused; basal joint a little longer than the rest of the leg and carrying a good-sized spine on its outer margin near the distal end; the inner terminal spine about twice the length of the other four, which are subequal. Cement glands short and stout and inclined away from the mid- line with their convex sides toward it. Color a dark cartilage-gray, ornamented on the dorsal surface of the entire body, and on the ventral surface of the abdomen, with an intricate network of fine lines of dark bluish-purple. Total length, 2.32 mm. Carapace, 1.4 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide. Genital segment, 0.75 mm. long, 0.65 mm. wide. Egg-strings, 1.9 mm. long. (afurcatus, a, not, and furcatus, provided with a furca.) This species bears some resemblance to C. balistz, but may be easily distinguished by the much shorter abdomen, by the absence of a furca, by the degenerate form of the maxillary hooks and first maxillz, and by the fact that the fourth legs have five spines instead of only four. The only other Caligus species which possess as short an abdomen are Krgyer’s C. abbreviatus and the species which here follows, C. enormis. From the former the present species may be distinguished by the absence of a furca and the fifth legs, and by the presence of six spines no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 217 on the fourth legs instead of four; from the latter it may be distin- guished at once by the relative size and shape of the carapace and abdomen. CALIGUS ENORMIS, new species. Plate 31. Host and record of specimens.—A dozen specimens, including both sexes, were found clinging to the inside of the gill filaments of the same 8-pound green parrot fish, Sparisoma viride, that served as the host of the preceding species. Type-specmen.—A female, Cat. No. 48593, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No, 42263, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form elongate and narrow; carapace and genital segment approximately the same size, each of them being constricted where it joins the fourth (free) seement, thus giving the body somewhat the shape of a dumb-bell. Carapace only three- sevenths of the entire length, elliptical, one-third longer than wide; frontal plates narrow and prominent; lunules reduced to narrow lines with scarcely any curve, close together, with no incision in the short frontal margin between them. Eye large and placed well forward. Lateral areas wide, the posterior lobes turned slightly outward; median lobe twice the width of the lateral lobes and reaching more than half its length behind them; posterior sinuses broad and shallow. Free segment one-third the width of the carapace, with convex lateral margins. Genital segment elliptical, the same length as the carapace but a little narrower, with rounded corners and nearly straight sides. Abdomen reduced to a comparatively minute protuberance at the posterior end of the genital segment, triangular and one-jointed; each anal lamina as large as its half of the abdomen and tipped with three short sete and a fourth one on the outer margin. EKge-strings exceptionally short and wide, similar to those found in many Dichelestiids, each half the width of the genital segment and not quite equaling it in length; only six or seven eggs in each string. First antenne short and stout, not reaching more than halfway to he lateral margins, the two joints about the same length and well armed. Second pair with a slender terminal claw, slightly bent near the tip. Maxillary hooks and first maxille reduced to tiny spines that can hardly be detected; second maxille exceptionally large and stout, the two joints about the same size, the terminal claws short and stout. Maxillipeds with a swollen basal jomt and a strong terminal claw carrying an accessory spine on its inner margin toward the tip. Furca entirely lacking. First swimming legs rudimentary, made up of three short and wide joints of about the same size, the terminal one with four claws at the tip but no setz on the posterior margin. Exo- pods of second pair extending outward in line with the basal joint 918 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 44, and at right angles to the body axis, and appearing in dorsal view just behind the posterior lobes of the carapace; the endopod is carried at right angles to the exopod, or parallel to the body axis. Third legs reduced far more than is usual in the genus, the spine on the exopod straight instead of curved, the terminal joint with four spines but only a single seta; the endopod contains but one partial joint, which is fused to the basal plate. Fourth legs stout and of the usual pattern, three-jointed, the inner terminal spine two and a half times as long as the other four which are about equal. Fifth legs present just in front of the posterior corners of the genital segment, the endopod represented by a single spine, the exopod by a papilla tipped with two spines. Color a light cartilage-gray, exceptionally translucent and orna- mented on the dorsal surface of the carapace with a few scattered and irregular spots of purple pigment. Total length, 2.15 mm. Carapace, 0.95 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide. Genital segment, 0.9 mm. long,0.6 mm. wide. Egg-strings, 0.8 mm. long, 0.28 mm. wide. Male.—General form narrow and elongate; carapace exactly like that of the female, but the posterior body much narrower. Lunules larger and semicircular; eye farther back in the carapace; posterior sinuses even shallower than in the female. Genital segment barrel-shaped, considerably less than half the width of the carapace and just about half the length. Abdomen two-thirds as wide and three-fifths as long as the genital segment; anal lamine large, each tipped with three medium-sized sete and two short spines on the outer margin. Appendages like those of the female, with the following exceptions: The first antenne reach fully to the lateral margins of the carapace; the terminal claw on the second pair has the usual accessory spines and corrugated surfaces found in the male sex; the maxillary hook is enormously enlarged, so that it is larger than the claw on the second antenna; the basal joint of the maxilliped is much swollen, and is armed with a stout spine on its inner margin, which interlocks with the tip of the terminal claw; the accessory spine on the latter claw is close to the base instead of near the tip. Color as in the female. Total length, 1.6 mm. Carapace, 0.8 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide. Genital segment, 0.4 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide. (enormis, irregular, unusual.) This little Caligus is irregular in many respects, such as the extreme reduction of the maxillary hooks in the female and their enormous enlargement in the male; in the almost complete obliteration of the lunules in the female; in the great reduction of the maxille in both sexes; in the absence of a furca; in the lack of plumose sete on the first No. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 219 legs; in the arrangement of the endopod and exopod of the second legs; in the fusion of the endopod of the third legs to the basal plate; in the practical disappearance of the abdomen in the female; and in the peculiar size and shape of the egg-strings. Taken separately, none of these modifications possesses very much systematic value, but collectively they serve to distinguish the new species from, all that have previously been described. In its general make-up and in its habits it is a typical Caligus, and although the species is so small the enlargement of the eggs indicates that the nauplii on hatching are fully the size of those from larger species. This increase in sine and consequent ability must compensate in some way for the paucity in the number of eggs. CALIGUS SUFFUSCUS, new species. Plate 30, figs. 107-115. Host and record of specimens.—A couple of females were taken from the mouth of the blue parrot fish, Scarus cewruleus, June 30, 1910. Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 42267, U.S.N.M. Female——General body form short and plump; carapace defi- nitely more than half the entire length, one-fourth longer than wide. Frontal plates not prominent; anterior margin nearly straight, with an incision at the center; lunules of medium size and widely sepa- rated, just reaching the anterior margin. Eye relatively large and iinaed far forward; crossbar of the H about in the center of the carapace; lateral areas very narrow, less than one-fourth the width of the thoracic area; lateral lobes obliquely truncated posteriorly; posterior sinuses shallow; median lobe considerably more than half the entire width and projecting far behind the lateral lobes. Free segment one-third the width of the carapace, short and strongly con- tracted anteriorly and posteriorly. Genital segment one-third the entire length, ovate in outline, squarely truncated posteriorly; cor- ners smoothly rounded and without lobes; fifth legs visible. Abdomen mirute, elliptical, about one-fourth the width and length of the genital segment; anal lamine widely separated and divergent, each tipped with three long sete and three short spines on the outer margin. Egg-tubes unknown. First antenne short and plump, not reaching the level of the lateral margin; second pair fairly stout, the terminal claw strongly curved, the basal joint reinforced by a long and sharp spine just behind its insertion. Mouth tube short and stout, first maxilla long and slender, reaching well beyond the tip of the mouth tube. Maxil- liped with a swollen basal joint and a stout terminal claw, three- quarters as long as the basal joint and strongly curved, with an accessory spine on its inner margin near the center. Furca large . 220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, and stout, the basal portion nearly rectangular, the rami broad, slightly divergent, of the same length as the basal portion, and bluntly rounded. First and second swimming legs of the usual pattern; rami of the third pair small and well separated, but rendered prominent by the wide gap between the posterior lobes of the carapace and the genital segment. Fourth legs reaching a little beyond the center of the genital segment, the basal joint as long as the three terminal joints; the latter with five spines, all the same size except the middle terminal one, which is twice the length of the others. Color yellowish-white, covered on the dorsal surface with sparsely scattered circular spots of brown pigment. Total length, 2.35 mm. Carapace, 1.25 mm. long, 1.05 mm. wide. Genital segment, 0.75 mm. long, 0.63 mm. wide. Abdomen, 0.2 mm. long, 0.15 mm. wide. (suffuscus, sub and fuscus, somewhat brownish or dusky, alluding to the spots on the dorsal surface.) In its general proportions this species resembles C. abbreviatus Kreyer, but the lunules and first antenne are proportionally much longer, the carapace is not contracted anteriorly, the median lobe projects far behind the lateral lobes, the genital segment is one- fourth longer than wide, instead of one-half wider than long, -and the abdomen projects for its entire length behind the genital segment. ' These characters, together with many differences in the appendages, are sufficient to distinguish the species and establish its validity. CALIGUS MONACANTHI Krpgyer. Caligus monacanthi KréyeER, 1863, p. 59, pl. 3, fig. 2a-e. Host and record of specimens.—Krgyer obtained a single male, which he referred to this species, from the skin of a Monacanthus (probably M. hispidus, the file fish) in the West Indies. The present author has given elsewhere ' reasons for believing that this was really a young female C. productus. It is impossible to be absolutely certain without further material, and so the record is here repeated. LEPEOPHTHEIRUS COSSYPHI Krfyer. Lepeophtheirus cossyphi Krgyer, 1863, p. 115, pl. 7, fig. 6a-e. Host and record of specimens.—A single female was taken by Kreyer from the gills of “ Cossyphus bodjanus” (the Spanish lady fish, Harpe rufa) in the West Indies, but this single specimen pre- sents sufficient distinguishing characters to establish the validity of the species. Two other species of Lepeophtheirus have been recorded from fish that are common in the West Indies, and from which they are likely 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, p. 607. No, 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 221 to be obtained in the future. These are L. dissimulatus Wilson, obtained from the red grouper, E'pinephelus morio, at the Bermuda Islands by Dr. Edwin Linton in 1903,' and L. longispinosus Wilson, found on the gills of the hammer-head shark at Beaufort, North Carolina, in 1905.? DENTIGRYPS, new genus. General body form combining the cephalothorax of Lepeophthei- rus, an entirely concealed fourth segment, the genital segment of Gloiopotes, and a peculiar abdomen somewhat like that of Alebion. First three thorax segments fused with the head, forming a carapace - whose frontal plates, grooves, and areas are just like those of Caligus and Lepeophtheirus. Fourth and fifth segments fused with the geni- tal segment and the three entirely covered by a single dorsal plate. Attached to the ventral surface of the genital segment, in front of each posterior corner, is a long conical tooth or prong, similar to those on Gloiopotes, but destitute of spines or sete. Abdomen attached to the ventral surface of the genital segment some distance in front of the posterior margin. Egg-tubes of medium length and like those of Caligus. Maxillary hooks and furca both present; first maxille simple and undivided and some distance behind the mouth tube. First and fourth legs uniramose, second and third biramose, and all similar to those of Caligus. Type-species.—D. curtus, new species. (Dentigryps, dens, a prong or tooth, and gryps, a griffin.) The griffin was a fabulous animal, half eagle and half lion, and thus becomes a fitting name for this new genus which unites the typi- cal characters of quite different genera. It has the carapace and al] the appendages of Lepeophtheirus except the first maxille, which here are simple and undivided. But there is no free segment, and the fused fourth, fifth, and genital segments are covered with a plate similar to the carapace, the only thorax joint capable of motion being the one between the third and fourth segments where these two dorsal plates come together. A similar condition prevails in the genus Homoiotes.$ The ventral prongs or processes on the genital segment are one of the typical characters of the genus Glow potes, but here they lack the spines and setze so commonly found in that genus. The dropping of the abdomen to the ventral surface and its trans- ference forward is typical of the subfamily Pandarine, while the posterior lobes on either side of the anal lamine are characteristic of such genera as Alebion. 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, p. 631. 2Tdem, vol. 33, p. 604. 3 Idem, vol. 28, p. 661. 222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 44, The present genus is thus a sort of patchwork of parts of other genera and may well serve as another connecting link between those genera. The majority of its characters locate it in the Caligineg. DENTIGRYPS CURTUS, new species, Plate 32, figs. 127-135. Host and record of specimens.—Six females of this new genus were obtained by Dr. Edwin Linton from the mouth and gill cavities of the cardenal or poison grouper, Mycteroperca venenosa apua, at the Bermuda Islands, July 27, 1903. Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 43595, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42328, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form elliptical, short and wide, apparently truncated through the center of the genital segment and thus pre- senting a curious sawed-off appearance. Carapace orbicular, as wide as long; dorsal grooving like that in Caligus, the crossbars of the H at the longitudinal center; lateral areas very narrow, only one-third as wide as the thoracic area; posterior sinuses rather deep with flaring sides; posterior margin of thoracic area reentrant. Eyes large and placed well forward; frontal plate narrow and without lunules, but with a distinct median sinus. Fourth thorax segment so thoroughly fused with the fifth and genital segments as to be indistinguishable except by the fourth legs. These three segments are covered with a strongly arched dorsal plate (probably really a fusion of two plates like that in Homovotes), which is fully as wide as the thoracic area of the carapace, half as long as wide, and prolonged at each posterior corner into a short blunt lobe. Just in front of each of these lobes on the lateral margin is a large plumose seta. From the ventral surface of the genital segment in front of the lobes a large conical prong extends backward and out- ward on either side to a level with the tips of the anal laminz. These prongs are hard and chitinous, perfectly smooth, and are cut off obliquely at the tips. In one female there was a single long, non- plumose spine near the tip of each prong. Egg-cases wide and about as long as the body; eggs large and similar to those of Lepeophthewus dissimulatus. On the midline of the ventral surface, between the bases of the prongs, is attached the abdomen. This is one-jointed, somewhat trapezoidal in outline, the same width and length, and just shows its tip behind the dorsal plate of the genital segment. On either side of the anal lamine the abdomen is prolonged into a short blunt lobe, half the length of the lamina itself. These lamine are oblong, slightly widened at the tip, and each is armed with three terminal set, two on the outer margin and one on the inner. No, 1950. CRUSTACHAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 223 First antennz short, the tips scarcely reaching beyond the free edge of the carapace; terminal joint slender and considerably longer than the basal. Second antennex stout, the terminal claw bent abruptly near the tip; maxillary hooks small and not much curved. Mouth tube short and blunt; first maxillee some distance behind the mouth, long, slender, and undivided; maxilliped with a moderately stout basal joint, and a slender terminal claw, half as long as the basal joint, and with an accessory spine on its inner margin near the center. Virst legs with no trace of an endopod and with short sete on the terminal joint; spines on the exopods of the second legs long and stout; rami of third legs close together, spine on the base of the exopod also long and stout; basal joint of the fourth legs the same length as the three terminal joints, inner terminal seta twice the length of the outer and all three terminal ones toothed. Color, a yellowish-gray, becoming dark cinnamon-brown in the thicker parts of the body. Total length, 3.6mm. Carapace, 2.55 mm. long and wide. Fused fourth, fifth, and genital segments, 0.8 mm. long, 1.6 mm. wide. (curtus, shortened with the idea of being mutilated, the body looking as if some of the posterior part had been cut off.) Although no specimens of this new genus have yet been obtained from the West Indies, it is almost certain that it will be found there, because its host is even more common there than around Bermuda, and is found as far south as Brazil. There is therefore every reason why it should be included in the present list of parasites. ANURETES PARVULUS, new species. Plate 33, figs. 1389-147. Host and record of specimens.—A single female of this interesting species was obtained by Dr. Edwin Linton from the gills of a black angel fish, Pomacanthus arcuatus, at the Marine Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution at the Dry Tortugas, Florida, July 15, 1907. Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 42275, U.S.N.M. Female.—Cephalothorax ovate, slightly longer than wide, squarely truncated posteriorly; frontal plates well fused with the head, and furnished with a broad, transparent chitinous margin which evidently functions as a sucking disk. The groove at the crossbar of the H visible at the sides only, eliminated at the center; lateral areas narrow; thoracic area half of an ellipse, one-third wider than long, a little more than half the width of the cephalothorax, the posterior margin a straight line connecting the tips of the lateral lobes; poste- rior sinuses mere notches, scarcely visible. Fourth (free) segment one-fifth the width of the carapace, con- siderably thickened through the bases of the fourth legs. Genital segment as wide as long, the same shape as the carapace and half as 224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44,- wide, narrowed to a neck anteriorly where it joins the fourth segment, with the posterior margin slightly convex, without lobes but bearing the rudiments of both the fifth and sixth legs at the rounded posterior corners. Abdomen fused into the center of the posterior margin of the genital segment, with only the extreme tip visible on either side of the anus; anal lamine apparently attached to the genital segment, on a level with its dorsal surface; each is large, triangular, and armed with five plumose setz. LEgg-cases attached on either side of the fused abdomen; eggs large and thick, arranged as in Caligus. Joints of the first antennz equal in length, but the basal one four times as wide as the terminal. Second antennez slender, a small spine on the posterior margin of the basal joint and an accessory claw on the ventral surface of the terminal claw near its base. Maxil- lary hooks wholly lacking. First maxilla reduced to mere semi- circular stubs on either side of the mouth tube; second maxillz like those of Caligus. Maxillipeds very large, the basal joint much swollen, the terminal claw as long as the basal joint and bent into a sickle shape, with a small, blunt spine on the inner margin near the base. Mouth tube long and slender, not at all like those of the Cali- gine, but closely resembling those of the Pandarine. Swimming legs like those of the Caligine; first pair with three terminal claws, three plumose setz on the posterior margin of the terminal joint, and a rudimentary endopod on the basal joint. Spines on the exopods of the second legs very long and turned diagonally inward across the succeeding joints. Fourth legs very slender, the basal joint no thicker than the terminal ones. Color (preserved material), a light gray, the genital segment con- siderably darker than the carapace. Total length, 1.2 mm. Carapace, 0.76 mm. long, 0.71 mm. wide. Genital segment, 0.35 mm. long and wide. (parvulus, very small.) This single specimen is placed in the genus Anuretes, but differs in some important particulars from the two species already described. The maxillary hooks are not present; the first maxille and furca are reduced to mere stubs, hardly distinguishable; the abdomen is plainly fused into the center of the posterior margin of the genital segment, and the anal lamine are on a level with the dorsal surface of the genital segment instead of being attached to its ventral surface. In all other particulars it corresponds with the species described by Krgyer and Bassett-Smith. There can be no question that the present specimen is generically distinct from Caligus and Lepeoph- theirus, and if, in spite of the above differences, it can be referred to the genus Anuretes, it will establish the validity of that genus satisfactorily. no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 225 MIDIAS LOBODES Wilson. Midias lobodes Wiuson, 1911, p. 625, pl. 65, figs. 1-12. Host and record of speciomens.—This species was originally described ! from specimens obtained by Dr. Edwin Linton at the Dry Tortugas, Florida, from the outside surface of the head of a great barracuda (Sphyrena barracuda). Similar specimens to the number of 40, including both sexes, were - obtained from the same host at Montego Bay, Jamaica. EURYPHORUS CORYPHANZ Kroyer. Euryphorus coryphene Kr¢yvER, 1863, p. 161, pl. 10, figs. 4a-h. Host and record of specimens.—Several specimens were reported by Krgyer from the gills of the common dolphin, Coryphena hippurus, in the tropical Atlantic near the West Indies. This is probably the same species as had been named nympha by Steenstrup and Litken in 1861, which was taken from a “dolphin” near the West Indies. PARALEBION CURTICAUDIS, new species. Plate 34. 8 Host and record of specimens.—Four females were taken from the gills of a 12-pound red snapper, Neomxnis aya, July 2, 1910. Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 43601, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42271, US.N.M. Female.—General body form short and plump; carapace horseshoe- shaped, one-fourth wider than long, squarely truncated posteriorly ; each side of the H grooves has a double curve like the letter S, the part posterior to the crossbar with the concave sides, the anterior part with the convex sides, facing each other; this makes the space between the sides anteriorly only one-fourth what it is behind the crossbar. Posterior lobes wide, their tips curved inward so as’to overlap the corners of the median lobe and project slightly behind it; lateral areas very wide anteriorly and narrow posteriorly; posterior sinuses shallow and oval. Median lobe with projecting corners and a somewhat reentrant posterior margin. Free segment nearly half the length of the cara- pace, narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly but projecting strongly at the bases of the fourth legs. Genital segment subquadrilateral, as wide as long, three-fifths as wide as the carapace, with short and broad posterior lobes. Abdomen one-jointed, half the length and one-third the width of the genital segment, with a shallow anal sinus; anal lamine small and nearly spherical, each tipped with three long setz and one short 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, p. 626. 69077 °—Proe.N.M.vol.44—13 15 226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, one. Egg-tubes three-fourths as wide as the abdomen, and about half the length of the body. Joints of the first antenne equal in length, the terminal one very slender with a few short spines at the tip. Second antennz large and stout, the basal joint reenforced by a stout and blunt spine just behind its insertion. Maxillary hook large and stout and strongly curved, with two blunt spines between its base and that of the maxilla; the latter is triangular with a long*and slender point without accessory teeth or spines. Maxillipeds com- paratively weak, the terminal claw actually smaller than that of the second antenne. Furca made up of two short, wide, and squarely truncated rami, strongly divergent and each shaped like an hour- glass. Basal joint of first swimming legs with a small spine on the pos- terior margin near the proximal end, and a very long and slender one at the anterior distal corner. There is also, attached to the pos- terior margin near the distal end, a rudimentary endopod, which is one-jointed but divided at the tip. The terminal joint of the exopod has three spines at its tip, but no plumose setz on the posterior margin. The spines on the exopods of the second and third legs are ex- ceptionally large and stout, that on the third legs being bent into a half circle. Furthermore, both rami of these third legs are dis- tinctly three-jointed, the division of the joints being similar to that on the second legs and totally different from what is found in the Caligine. The basal joint of the fourth legs is unarmed and is about as long as the three terminal joints; the spines at the tips of the second and third joints and the three at the tip of the terminal joint are all about equal in size; the second and third of these spines are reenforced at the base by a membrane with a toothed margin. The fifth legs appear on the posterior lobes of the genital segment, outside of the egg-tubes and close to the lateral margin. Each is distinctly two-jointed, and the terminal joint is tipped with three setze. The cement glands are club-shaped, the enlarged glandular portion tapering imperceptibly into the narrow duct. On each of the four females obtained there was also a pair of relatively large spermato- phores fastened to the lateral margins of the abdomen. Each sperma- tophore is spherical, two-thirds as wide as the abdomen, and fur- nished with a very short duct which leads directly inward from the margin to the opening of the sperm receptacle on the midline. These ducts do not cross, but each empties into its own side of the recep- tacle. Color a uniform grayish-white without pigment of any sort. No. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 227 Total length, 6 mm. Carapace, 2.65 mm. Jong, 3 mm. wide. Fourth segment, 1.15 mm. long. Genital segment, 2 mm. long and the same width. Egg-cases, 3.3 mm. long. (curticaudis, curtus, short, and cauda, tail, in allusion to the very short abdomen.) The genus Paralebion was instituted* for some parasites, including both sexes, which were obtained from a shark in Chesapeake Bay. In the type species, elongatus, the genital segment has long and pointed posterior lobes, the abdomen is also long and two-jointed, the furca is double, and there are plumose setz on the terminal joint of the first swimming legs. In the present species the lobes of the genital segment are broad and short, the abdomen is very short, the furca is single, and there are no plumose setz on the first legs. In other particulars there is a marked similarity between the two spe- cies, with just those differences in detail that would naturally be expected. Family DICHELESTIID. LERNANTHROPUS ANGULATUS Kroyer. Lernanthropus angulatus Kr¢yEr, 1863, p. 196, pl. 9, fig. 1 a-q. Host and record of specimens.—This species was originally described by Krgyer from specimens obtained on the gills of a West Indian Serranus, one of the groupers. All the other records are simply copies of this one of Krgyer’s, and no other investigator has seen the species. Heller suggests (1865, p. 213) that it is identical with the Aethon quadratus previously described by Krgyer. (See p. 192.) LERNANTHROPUS GIGANTEUS Kroyer. Plate 33, figs. 148-150; plate 35. Lernanthropus giganteus KréyeER, 1863, p. 206, pl. 8, fig. 1 a-e.—Herper, 1879, . p. 345, pl. 4, figs. 53 to 55. Host and record of specimens.—This species was established by Krgyer in 1863 for a single female obtained from the gills of a “Oaranz carangus’’ taken in Brazil and sent first to the Vienna Museum and thence to the Royal Museum at Copenhagen. This same specimen was afterward examined and described by Heider (1879). ‘‘Many specimens” were reported by Bassett-Smith (1898, p. 360) from the gills of ‘Caranz melamphigus”’ at Aden in the Indo- Tropics. In the present instance two lots were obtained, each of which included both sexes; the first from the gills of Caranz crysos is included under Cat. No. 42277, U.S.N.M.; the second from the gills of Caranz hippos, under Cat. No. 42282, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form short and rather plump; cephalo- thorax ovoid, its posterior corners well rounded, with the sides of the carapace projecting considerably in front of the anterior margin. 1 Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus., vol. 39, p. 628. 228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou, 44. Antennal segment small, triangular in shape, and just fitting into the sinus between the projecting sides of the carapace. Second and third segments in the free thorax covered with a dorsal plate trapezoidal in outline, narrowed anteriorly and widened posteriorly, with a short triangular process extending outwards and backwards from each pos- terior corner opposite the bases of the third legs. Fourth segment with a dorsal plate which is considerably wider than the one just mentioned, and which extends back well beyond the tips of the anal Jaminez. In shape it is about three-quarters of an ellipse, the straight edge being separated from the posterior margin of the preceding plate by a well defined groove, and the remainder of the margin being evenly curved, with no posterior sinus. Fifth segment very short and narrow, and having a pair of uniramose fifth legs, which are linear, curved like parenthesis marks, and do not quite reach the posterior margin of the dorsal plate of the fourth segment. Genital segment also short and narrow, bearing on its sides the egg-tubes, and at the posterior corners the large secondary spermatophores. Abdomen minute, one-jointed, almost completely fused with the genital segment; anal laminee linear, as long as the entire abdomen, and destitute of sete or spines. Egg-tubes narrow, and two and a half times the length of the body; eggs thin, numerous, and arranged occasionally in more than a single row. (See fig. 150.) First antenne six-jointed and very short; the second pair some dis- tance behind the first, and curved over ventrally between the sides of the carapace so as to be invisible in dorsal view. At their base, where they join the front of the head, they are supported by a stout and complicated chitin framework. The mogwth tube and mouth parts are carried back so far behind the antenne that they appear to belong to the thorax rather than the head. Mandibles of the usual pattern; first maxille stout, the basal joint swollen, the terminal joint tipped with a straight and stout spine. Second maxille simple, the terminal claw stout, nearly straight, and two-thirds as long as the basal joint. Basal joint of maxillipeds much swollen, terminal claw slender, slightly curved, and half the length of the basal joint. Endopods of first and second legs tipped with a single long and straight spine; exopod of first pair with five terminal saw teeth, exo- pod of second pair with four. Inside of the endopod of the first legs is a small papilla tipped with a spine. The third legs are shaped like those of L. gisleri, kroyeri, pagodus, etc., and are distinctly bilobed, one lobe extending backward, the other outward at right angles to the body axis. The rami of the fourth legs are narrow and acuminate and reach for nearly their whole length behind the dorsal plate of the fourth segment. The more or less irregular arrangement of the eggs and the attachment of the spermatophores (fig. 149) are worthy of especial notice, No. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 229 Total length, 8 to 9 mm. Cephalothorax, 2 mm. long, 1.6 mm. wide. Thorax, 5 mm. long, 3.6 mm. wide. Egg-strings, 18 to 20 mm. long. | Male.—General body shape elongate and narrow; cephalothorax ovate, with a squarely truncated frontal margin. Antennal area sep- arated from the rest of the head by a well-defined groove as in the female. Posterior body spindle-shaped, the same width as the ceph- alothorax, but half as long again, with the free thorax, genital segment and abdomen thoroughly fused. First antenne relatively much longer than in the female and pro- jecting prominently from the anterior corners of the cephalothorax. Second pair very stout, the basal joint swollen, supported on a com- plex chitin framework, and armed on the inner margin near the prox- imal end with a short tooth. Mouth parts as in the female, the basal joint of the maxilliped being considerably stouter. First legs with . minute one-jointed rami, the endopod with one spine longer than the ramus itself, and a second much shorter one, the exopod with four short saw teeth. Endopod of second legs tipped with a single large spine the same length as the ramus; exopod enlarged toward the tip, where it carries two minute spines interspersed with a row of short hairs. Third legs with a short basal portion, an exopod two-thirds as long’as the entire body, and an endopod reduced to a mere knob on the inner margin of the basal portion at its tip. Fourth legs as long as the entire body, basal portion projecting well beyond the lateral margins; rami about the same size and length. Total length, not including the legs, 2.75 mm.; including the legs, 4mm. Cephalothorax, 0.95 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide. Posterior body, 0.75 mm. wide, 1.8 mm. long. Fourth legs, 2.5 mm. long. Color of both sexes, a dark yellowish-gray, without pigment mark- ings of any sort. (giganteus, of large size.) Hitherto there have been but two descriptions of this species, both made from the same (single) female; to these is now added the pres- ent description and drawings from an abundance of living material, taken on new hosts and in a different locality and including for the first time the male sex. We thus get acquainted with the variations in size and structure and the relative proportions of the male. The species is readily distinguished by its size, by the narrow ceph- alothorax with its sides projecting in front of the anterior margin, by the short projections of the dorsal shield opposite the bases of the third legs, by the very long and narrow fourth legs, which reach far behind the dorsal shield of the fourth segment, and by the thread- like fifth legs, curved like parenthesis marks. The species is still among the largest in the genus and is one of the few instances where the original ‘‘giant’’ has retained its prestige. 230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, LERNANTHROPUS FRONDEUS, new species. Plate 36. Host and record of specimens.—Ten specimens, containing both sexes, were obtained from the gills of the red snapper, Neomenis aya, on July 16, 1910. Type-specimen.—A female, Cat. No. 43520, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42287, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form elongate, narrowed anteriorly and widened posteriorly; cephalothorax ovate, less than one-third the length of the body exclusive of the legs, and about the same width as the second and third thorax segments. Carapace projecting neither along the lateral margins nor in front, leaving the first and second antennse entirely visible in dorsal view. Second and third thorax segments separated by a distinct groove, the former short with strongly convex margins, the latter twice as long with nearly straight margins. Dorsal plate of the fourth segment broadly kidney-shaped, nearly twice the width of the third segment, with a very evenly curved outline. Fifth and genital segments and abdomen so short as to be considerably wider than long, but well defined and separated from one another by grooves. Anal lamine much enlarged and foliaceous, each being half as wide again, and more than five times as long, as the abdomen. Egg-strings narrow and tapering posteriorly, nearly twice as long as the body; eggs thin and numerous. First antenne small but prominent, seven-jointed; antennal area wide and separated from the rest of the head by a well-defined groove; second antenns stout, the basal joint considerably longer than the terminal claw, and carrying on its inner margin near the center a small papilla tipped with a hair-like spme, First maxille stout, the terminal joint as thickset as the basal and tipped with three spines, the central one of which is longer than the other two. Second maxille with a slender terminal claw, the same length as the swollen basal joint and slightly enlarged at the tip. Basal joimt of maxilli- peds much swollen, terminal claw conical and shorter than the basal joint. Exopods of first two pairs of legs wider than the conical endo- pods and considerably flattened; first exopod armed with five short and stout spines; second exopod with three spines and two short teeth on the outer margin. Each endopod carries a single long and stout spine. Third legs uniramose, each shaped like an ovate leaf with an acuminate tip; each leg is three-fourths as wide as the third segment itself, and as they do not overlap on the midline it follows that they project from the lateral margins of the third segment even beyond the level of the dorsal plate on the fourth segment. Fifth legs also No. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 281 shaped like an ovate acute leaf, each actually wider than the fifth segment and reaching well beyond the posterior margin of the dorsal plate of the fourth segment. Fourth legs biramose, each ramus broad and leaf-like at the base and tapering into a long and acuminate tip, which shows for nearly its entire length beyond the posterior margin of the dorsal plate of the fourth segment. Total length, without legs, 8 mm.; with fourth legs, 11.5 mm. Cephalothorax, 3 mm. long, 1.9 mm. wide. Dorsal plate on fourth segment, 3.2 mm. wide, 2.5 mm. long. Male.—General body form oblong, the same width throughout, three times as long as wide. Cephalothorax ovate, three-sevenths of the entire length; antennal area distinctly separated and much nar- rower than the remainder of the cephalothorax. Free thorax, genital segment, and abdomen well fused, without transverse grooves, but with marginal invaginations indicating the segmentation. Genital segment considerably narrower than the free thorax; anal lamine elongate and flattened, but not as foliaceous as in the female. Appendages similar to those of the female, the terminal claws of the second maxille and maxillipeds longer and sharper. Third and fourth legs biramose, slender, and thread-like; endopod of third pair rudimentary and very short; endopod of fourth pair much shorter than the exopod, which latter is nearly as long as the entire body; fifth legs wanting. Color of both sexes a creamy yellow, without pigment markings. Total length, without fourth legs, 3.5 mm.; with fourth legs, 5.5 mm. Cephalothorax, 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Posterior body, 2 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide. (frondeus, covered with leaves, in allusion to the shape of the third, fourth, and fifth legs and the anal lamine in the female.) Nauplius larva.—Body shield-shaped, with square anterior corners and a pointed posterior margin. Eye very far forward, just behind the anterior margin. Appendages of the usual pattern, the three pairs of about the same length. Balancers far back on either side of the posterior point, curved outward and forward, rather short and stout. Center of the body filled with a dark mass of cinnamon- brown pigment, leaving only a narrow margin clear. This mass of pigment makes the egg-strings of the adult female very dark brown just before they are ready to hatch. This species can be readily distinguished by the broad and foliaceous legs and anal lamine of the female, and by the fact that the cephalo- thorax and free segments of both sexes are about the same width. The two pairs of antennz are also peculiarly prominent in dorsal view. It is one of the larger species, and gives an excellent typical idea of the genus which it represents, 932 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, LERNANTHROPUS OBSCURUS, new species. Plate 37. Host and record of specimens.—Both sexes of this species were taken from the gills of the yellow tail, Ocyurus chrysurus, July 23, 1910. Type-specimen.—A female, Cat. No. 43600, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42332, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form short and fairly plump; cephalo- thorax elliptical, a little longer than wide; antennal area well de- fined, second antennz not visible in dorsal view; second and third thorax segments about the same length and width as the cephalo- thorax, with a shallow lateral sinus between them; sinus between the third and fourth segments narrow and deep; dorsal plate of fourth segment as long as the cephalothorax and half as wide again, with a deep sinus in the center of the posterior margin; fifth and genital segments and abdomen diminishing regularly in length and width; anal laminz broad and foliaceous and as jong as the three preceding segments combined. First antennz of the usual pattern and rather plump, very indis- tinctly segmented toward the base. Second antennze with swollen basal joints, destitute of any tooth on the inner margin, and a short, rather slender, and strongly curved terminal claw. First maxille with a long terminal joint, tipped with two short and equal spines. Basal jomts of second maxillze and maxillipeds much swollen; ter- minal claws slender, but nearly as long as the basal joints. Rami of first two pairs of legs of the usual pattern, but stouter than in most species. Third legs uniramose, longer than the second and third segments together, and somewhat widened and flattened at the base so as to be semifoliaceous. Fourth legs biramose, rami elongate- conical, exopods slightly longer than the endopods, and both project- ing for nearly their entire length behind the dorsal plate of the fourth segment. Fifth legs narrow foliaceous, well flattened, and just reach- ing the posterior margin of this same dorsal plate. Total length, 6.5 mm., with the fourth legs; 4.35 mm. without them. Cephalothorax, 1.5 mm. long, 1.35 mm. wide. Second and third segments, 1.5 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide. Dorsal plate of fourth segment, 1.5 mm. long, 1.9 mm. wide. Male.—General body form spindle-shaped; cephalothorax ovate, nearly half the entire length of the body proper; antennal area con- siderably narrowed and separated by a well-defined groove; posterior body without transverse grooves, but with the segmentation indi- cated by marginal sinuses, widest through the third segment and thence tapering rapidly backwards; anal lamine linear, divergent, each tipped with two minute spines. Appendages like those of the female, with a few exceptions. no, 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 233 The outer terminal spine of the first maxille is much shorter than the inner one; the terminal claws of the second maxille and maxilli- peds are relatively shorter; the rami of the first and second legs are less plump; the third and fourth legs are both uniramose, and the rami are narrow-cylindrical. Color of both sexes a light yellowish-white, without pigment. Total length, with fourth legs, 3 mm.; without them, 2 mm. Cephalothorax, 1 mm. long, 0.66 mm. wide. Posterior body, 1 mm. long, 0.66 mm. wide. (obscurus, obscure or hidden, in the sense that the species does not possess any very marked characters.) This species has to be recognized by an aggregation of characters rather than by any one or two. The narrow second and third thorax segments, the deep sinus between the third and fourth segments, the uniramose third legs and the very long fourth legs, make a combina- tion found in no other species. It is not at all common, being found on but a single fish during the entire season. LERNANTHROPUS SPICULATUS, new species. Plate 38, figs. 185-189. Host and record of specimens.—A single lot, consisting of three females, was obtained from the gills of the lane snapper, Neomenis synagris, July 15, 1910. Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 43598, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42279, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form oblong, four times as long as wide; cephalothorax ovate, the lateral margins projecting anteriorly in the form of a short knob or horn on either side. A distinct notch in each margin indicates the separation of the antennal area from the rest of the head, but there is no transverse groove. Fused second and third segments subquadrilateral, with parallel sides and nearly square corners, the separation of the two segments being faintly indicated by marginal notches. Dorsal plate of the fourth segment obovate, the posterior margin slightly reentrant at the center. Third legs entirely concealed in dorsal view; both rami of the fourth pair projecting far behind the dorsal plate. Fifth segment short and destitute of appendages; genital segment also short and narrow. Abdomen subquadrilateral, the same length and width; anal lamin as long as the genital segment and abdomen, stout, with their tips curved away from each other. But in spite of their length they only reach halfway to the posterior margin of the fourth dorsal plate, and hence this extreme posterior portion of the body is entirely concealed in both dorsal and ventral views. None of the females captured carried egg-strings and so these are unknown. 234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 44, First antenne small, very rudimentary, and entirely destitute of sete or spines; they are also concealed between folds of the carapace so as to be invisible. Second pair of good size, the basal joint much swollen, the terminal claw stout and strongly curved. First maxilla with a large terminal joint tipped with two spines; second maxilla with a moderately swollen basal joint, and a long and weakly curved claw. Maxillipeds with a very stout basal joint and a short terminal claw, bent abruptly near the base, but for the rest of its length almost straight. First legs rudimentary, without spines or sete and well concealed beneath the maxillipeds; the second pair are reduced to mere knobs on the ventral surface of two prominent ridges running parallel with the body axis, one on either side of the midline and quite close to it. The third legs are of the usual plicate form, separated to their base along the midline, and leaving concave grooves externally and internally, but with the anterior margin a straight line. These legs reach only a trifle beyond the posterior margin of the third segment. The fourth legs are biramose; each ramus is enlarged at the base and then rapidly tapers to a long, cylindrical and bluntly pointed tip; the two legs almost touch along the midline and entirely conceal the fifth and genital segments and the abdomen. Color a yellowish-gray, without pigment markings of any sort. Total length 6.12 mm. with the fourth legs, 4.75 mm. without them. Cephalothorax 1.35 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Second and _ third segments 1.35 mm. long, 1.70 mm. wide. Fourth dorsal plate 2.2 mm long, 1.62 mm. wide. (spiculatus, furnished with spines or points, alluding to the pointed tips of the fourth legs.) This species may be recognized by the long and sharp-pointed rami of the fourth legs, which project very prominently behind the fourth dorsal plate, by the entire concealment, in both dorsal and ventral views, of the fifth and genital segments and abdomen, by the very rudimentary form of the second legs and antenne, and by the size and shape of the anal lamine. SAGUM, new genus. General body form similar to that of Lernanthropus. Cephalo- thorax irregular in outline, the antennal area being separated from the head by deep marginal sinuses, forming a sort of beak or rostrum, and the carapace being produced into a broad, irregular wing on each lateral margin. Posterior body covered with a single dorsal plate, which is prolonged at the posterior corners of the third segment into very large lobes, and is continuous through the center of the body with the dorsal plate of the fourth segment. Antenne and mouth parts similar to those in Lernanthropus; each of the first and second no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 2385 legs reduced to a simple one-jointed process, bipartite at the tip; third legs with a broad and laminate endopod reaching back beyond the tips of the fourth legs and covering them ventrally; rami of fourth legs laminate at the base, flagellate at the tip. Fifth and genital segments and abdomen reduced and concealed as in Lernanthropus; anal laminz short, turned over ventrally and enlarged into four blunt lobes at the tip. Egg-tubes unknown. Ty pe-species.—Sagum flagellatum. (Sagum, a military cloak, alluding to the shape of the fused dorsal plates covering the thorax.) SAGUM FLAGELLATUM, new species. Plate 39. Host and record of specimens.—Two females of this new genus and species, both lacking the egg-strings, were obtained from the gills of the rock hind, Epinephelus adscensionis, August 9, 1910. Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 42280, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form short and stout, the division into body regions very indistinct. Cephalothorax short, a little more than one-fourth of the entire length and one-fifth wider than long; deeply notched on either side just back of the antennal area, the portion between the notches forming a broad rostrum one-third as long as the rest of the cephalothorax. This is a condition very similar to that found in the genus Abasia.1. The carapace is prolonged for- ward on either side of this rostrum as a short process or wing, and outward on either lateral margin as a large triangular wing. These wings, in addition to the rostrum, give the cephalothorax a very irregular outline. The second, third, and fourth segments are so thoroughly fused that there is no indication of any joints, and they are covered with a single, continuous dorsal plate. On either side of the cephalothorax the second segment projects forward in a broad, rounded knob, like a pair of shoulders. The posterior corners of the third segment are similarly prolonged backward and outward like the skirts of a long military cloak. The part corre- sponding to the fourth dorsal plate in Lernanthropus is as wide as both these posterior skirts together, and about the same length as the rami of the third and fourth legs. The fifth and genital seg- ments and abdomen are entirely concealed between the third and fourth legs and the dorsal carapace. The fifth segment is rather long and narrow and destitute of appendages; the genital segment is transversely elliptical and a little shorter than the fifth segment. The abdomen is half the width of the genital segment; the anal lamine extend outward ventrally at right angles to the body axis and are enlarged at the tips into an irregular four-lobed mass; the 1 See Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 612. 236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, lamine are so short that these masses seem to rest directly upon the ventral surface of the abdomen. First antennx six-jointed, slender, and well armed with sete; sec- ond pair stout, with swollen basal joints and short and stout terminal claws. First maxille simple, two-joimted, and tipped with a single short and stout spine; second maxille and maxillipeds with short and rather weak terminal claws, and moderately swollen basal joints. First and second legs very rudimentary, each leg consisting of a one-jointed process divided at the tip. In the first legs these processes are short and broad, but in the second legs they are narrow and acu- minate. The third and fourth legs are peculiar and quite different from anything thus far found in Lernanthropus. The third pair on the outside pass insensibly into the posterior skirts of the third segment; in the center is a short plicate portion, and on the inside is a long and flattened endopod, pointed at the tip, which reaches back beyond the fourth legs to the posterior border of the fourth dorsal plate. These legs therefore cover and conceal the fourth pair, a condition never found in Lernanthropus. The fourth legs are made up of a narrow endopod and a much wider exopod, each strongly flattened and enlarged into the shape of a spatula, and fur- nished with a narrow tip like a whiplash, attached to the end of the endopod and to the inner margin of the exopod. The function of these flagellate portions is difficult to surmise. Color a uniform yellowish-gray without pigment markings. Total length, 5.75 mm. Cephalothorax, 1.45 mm. long, 1.85 mm. wide. Second thorax segment, 2.95 mm. wide. Third segment, 4 mm. wide. (flagellatum, furnished with flagella or whiplashes, alluding to the fourth legs.) This genus may be readily distinguished from Lernanthropus by the rostrum and wings of the cephalothorax, by the long endopods of the third legs, and by the lash-like tips of the fourth legs. They are not at all common, this one lot being all that were found for the entire season. NEMESIS VERSICOLOR, new species. Plate 38, figs. 190-194; plate 40. Host and record of specimens.—A single lot of six specimens, includ- ing both sexes, was obtained from the gills of the hammer-head shark, Sphyrna zygena, June 17, 1910. The females were found on the tips of the gill filaments, indiscriminately arranged, while the males were attached to the inner surface of the filaments some distance from the tips. Type-specimen.—A female, Cat. No. 43602, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42294, U.S.N.M. No. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 237 Female.—General body form oval, two and one-half times as long as wide, narrowed a little anteriorly and much more posteriorly. Cephalothorax covered by a carapace which is slightly longer than wide and only two-thirds of the width of the second segment, with a knob on each lateral margin just in front of the center. Second, third, and fourth segments each covered with a semicircular carapace which extends around the sides of the body to the ventral surface, the three carapaces all about the same size. Fifth segment narrowed to half the width of the fourth and covered on the dorsal surface only ’ with a carapace, which is transversely elliptical and does not reach the posterior margin of the segment. Genital segment one-third narrower than the fifth segment, nearly twice as wide as long, with the egg-strings attached close to the lateral margins. Abdomen less than half the width of the genital segment and about the same length, made up of three joints, the terminal of which is as long as the two basal together. Anal lamine oval in outline, two- thirds as long as the entire abdomen, each tipped with four short spines. Egeg-cases the same width as the abdomen, and from one to one and two-thirds times the length of the body; eggs large, from 25 to 40 in each case. First antenne slender and many-jointed, tapering gradually to the tip, and attached to the anterior margin of the head close to the dorsal surface. Second antenne four-jointed, the terminal joint a long sickle-shaped claw; the third and fourth joints project nearly their length in front of the anterior margin of the head, and form important accessory attachment organs. The second maxille are two-jointed, the joints about the same length, the terminal one with two projections at the tip on the an- terior margin, each elliptical in outline, and about as long as the terminal joint is wide. Maxillipeds very large and sickle-shaped, projecting their entire length beyond the margin of the carapace, two-jointed, the terminal joint a claw which is slightly shorter than the basal joint. The tip of this claw is stained a deep red as though with blood. The first pair of legs is considerably modified in form; the basal joint of the exopod is curved inward, narrowed at the base and enlarged at the tip into a broad spatula, with the tiny terminal joint attached to the center of the terminal margin. The endopod is made up of three parts; the outer of these is very narrow, longer than the others, sickle-shaped, and curves outward over the basal joint of the exopod, with a row of long cylindrical teeth along the concave and convex margins; the other two parts are shorter and stouter and are covered with short spines. The second, third, and fourth legs are biramose, the rami are two-jointed, and the terminal 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. joint is considerably narrower than the basal. The exopod of each pair is attached to the outer margin of the basal joint, the endopod to the posterior margin. The basal joint of each ramus carries a stout spine on either side of the terminal joint; the latter carry six spines except in the endopods of the third and fourth legs, where they have only four. Color a lemon-yellow, inclined to orange on the dorsal surface, the tips of the maxilipeds a dark blood-red, the digestive tube a deep blue-black. Egg-strings sulphur-yellow, turning pink with devel- opment. Total length, 3.1 mm. Carapace, 0.8 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide. Second thorax segment, 1.15 mm. wide. Egg-strings, 3 to 5 mm. long. Male—Body narrow and elongated, about the same diameter throughout the thorax, the abdomen only one-third as wide. Cara- pace oblong, one-third longer than wide, with nearly straight anterior and posterior margins. First thorax segment partially separated from the head; second, third, and fourth segments increasing much in length and slightly in width. Fifth segment one-third the length of the fourth segment; genital segment the same length as the fifth segment but not as wide; abdomen two-jointed, joints the same length; anal lamine narrow and elongate, each tipped with three short spines. First antenne stouter than in the female, the basal joints much larger than the terminal; second pair comparatively small and slender, the terminal claw very weak. First maxille with a rudi- mentary endopod and exopod, each one-jointed and tipped with two spines; second pair with a large claw arising from the anterior margin at the tip of the terminal joint, and curving around the end so as to point backward. Maxillipeds modified into huge chele, the dorsal jaw ee and bluntly rounded at the tip, the ventral jaw a slender pointed claw, its tip curved around the end of the dorsal jaw, and with a fringe a short hairs along the posterior margin. First four pairs of legs biramose; the first pair very rudimentary, both rami one-jointed and tipped with two short spines; exopods of second, third, and fourth pairs attached to the outer margin of the basal joint as in the female; exopod of second pair four times the length of the endopod and two-jointed, the terminal joint tipped with four spines; endopod minute, one-jointed, with three spines; rami of third pair about the same length, exopod three-jointed with five spines, endopod two-jointed with a single terminal spine; endo- pod of fourth pair longer than the exopod, two-jointed, with a single terminal spine much longer than the ramus itself; exopod three- jointed with five spines; fifth legs stout, but one-jointed, with a single tiny spine near the tip. no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 2389 Color similar to that of the female. Total length, 1.70 mm. Carapace, 0.66 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide. Fourth thorax segment, 0.5 mm. long, 0.3 mm. wide. (versicolor, variegated in color.) This West Indian species is quite different from the one found upon the sharp-nosed shark, Scoliodon terrx-nove, farther north, off the coast of Georgia and the Carolinas. If we contrast the females we notice first that the cephalothorax is relatively larger in the northern form, and has evenly curved margins, without any projections. But there is a tooth on each lateral margin of the second segment, a shallow sinus in each lateral margin of the fourth segment, and the dorsal plate of the fifth seg- ment is three-lobed posteriorly, none of which conditions are found in the southern species. The fifth and genital segments and the abdomen are also relatively much larger in the northern form; there are minor differences in the antennz, mouth parts, and swim- ming legs. : When we compare the males we find far greater distinctions. In the northern form the body is about the same width throughout; the carapace is a regular ellipse, one-third of the entire length, and wider than any of the following segments; the second, third, and fourth segments diminish regularly in width and length; the maxil- lipeds have simple and regular claws. In the West Indian species, on the contrary, the carapace is oblong, with nearly straight sides, is less than one-fifth the entire length, and is considerably narrower than the fourth segment; the second, third, and fourth segments increase considerably in length and width; the maxillipeds form a well defined chela instead of a simple claw. HATSCHEKIA ALBIRUBRA, new species. Plate 41, figs. 209-215. Host and record of specimens.—F¥our females of this new form, all without the egg strings, were taken from the gills of the lane snapper, Neomexnis synagris, July 16,1910. They are made paratypes and have been given Cat. No. 42288, U.S.N.M. Another lot, also of four females without egg strings, was obtained from the gills of the yellowtail, Ocyurus chrysurus, on Aufust 4. Type-specmen.—Cat. No. 43591, U.S.N.M. Paratypes Cat. No. 42309, U.S.N.M., both from the yellow-tail. Female.—General body form elongate, three and one-half times as long as wide; carapace small, only one-eighth the entire length and much narrower than the thorax, transversely elliptical, one-third wider than long, with an evenly curved outline. Fused frontal plates projecting from the frontal margin; dorsal median carina well defined and divided into a Y anteriorly. Fused 7 240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, = thorax elongate, club-shaped, the wide end anterior, with nearly straight lateral margins, which converge posteriorly, the segmenta- tion being clearly indicated by marginal indentations. The two leg-bearing segments are the same width as the carapace, but much narrower than the third segment, thus forming a short and wide neck. Third segment rather abruptly widened to one and three: quarters times the diameter of the first two segments, and then, ‘with the fourth and fifth segments tapering regularly backward to the base of the sixth segment, without any posterior lobes. Sixth segment and abdomen semicircular, one-third the diameter of the fifth segment; anal lamine narrow oblong, each tipped with two minute spines. Egg-strings of medium width and half as long as the body; eggs large, eight or nine in each string. First antenne closely appressed to the frontal margin of the cara- pace and scarcely reaching its lateral margin, with setz on the two terminal joints only. Terminal claw of the second antenne slender, three-quarters as long as the stout triangular basal joint, abruptly bent at a right angle near its base, with the free end strongly curved inward. Maxille present as minute papille beside the mouth tube, each tipped with three tiny spines. The two terminal joints of the maxilliped are considerably longer than the moderately stout basal joint; the terminal claw has an accessory spine on its inner margin near the tip. The swimming legs have stout basal joints and wide rami; the first exopod is tipped with four spines, the second with three, and each endopod with five; there is a long and stout spine on the basal joint of the first legs, inside of the endopod, and a much smaller one in a similar position on the second legs. Color a light lemon-yellow, the lacune filled with bright red blood; these lacune are thickest along the lateral margins, giving them a bright orange color, with an irregular red line through it; this red line widens at the anterior and posterior ends of the oviducts. ' The muscles of the head and the first two thorax segments are also bright red; the oviducts and freshly extruded eggs are snow-white. Total length, 1.75 mm. Carapace, 0.32 mm. wide, 0.25 mm. long. Fused thorax, 1.42 mm. long; third segment, 0.5 mm. wide. (albirubra, albus, white, and ruber, red.) This species most resembles H. oblonga (see p. 242) from the red snapper, but it may be easily distinguished by the fact that the carapace is much narrower than the fused thorax, while the latter is much wider anteriorly than posteriorly. Again, the rich pink-red color of the present species and the snow-white ovaries and oviducts form a striking contrast not known to occur in any other species, and finally the stout basal joint of the second antenne is very different from the long and slender basal joint in oblonga. no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 241 In connection with this species the author had an unusual and very interesting experience. When first obtained none of the females had any portion of their egg-strings, but two of them extruded their eggs while being examined under the microscope. The conditions were artificial, to be sure, and yet the method was suggestive and well worth recording. The two females writhed convulsively for some time, contracting the longitudinal body mus- cles with especial pielesbe: So vigorous were these convulsions that at first it was supposed some chemical had gotten into the sea water in the watch glass, but this was afterwards conclusively dis- proved. The cement glands were the first to respond, and they poured out enough of their secretion to form a pair of empty cases the full length of the completed egg-strings. These were narrow, hollow, elastic, and tapered to a sharp point at their tips. Into these the eggs were forced, one at a time, each egg requiring severe contraction to force it through the external opening of the oviduct. As it issued into the external case it distended the latter consider- ably, thereby proving it to be elastic.: The first ege remained close to the genital segment until it was pushed along by the extrusion of the second one, and this by the third, and so on. The tip of the case remained all the while much narrower than the part filled by the eggs, and was sharply pointed until finally the first egg was pushed back into it and rounded it out mto its usual form. So far as known the extrusion of the egg cases has never before been witnessed among the Dichelestiide, and from it we may deduce the following: 1. The cement substance which forms the external case is not extruded piecemeal along with each egg, but the full amount neces- sary to form the case is pushed out before any egg is laid, and has a chance to stiffen somewhat in contact with the sea water before the first egg enters it. 2. The bag thus formed previous to the issuance of the eggs is not smooth; each muscular contraction seems to push out a certain amount of the substance, approximately enough to cover one egg, and between these successive portions the bag is slightly constricted, making it appear segmented. 3. The bag is but little more than half the diameter of the eggs and tapers to a sharp point at its tip; hence it must stretch as the eggs are pushed into it. At first it appears to be quite elastic, but loses this quality with every successive stretching and soon remains distended so that the eggs slip along through it easily. 4, Each egg remains close to the body until pushed backward by the issuance of the next one, the tip of the bag hanging loosely like the finger of a glove that is being put on for the first time. 69077 ° —Proc.N.M.vol.44—i3——16 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. 5. Under such conditions the number of eggs in any given string is determined at the beginning by the size of the original case. This is very different from what is found in the Caligide, where there are partitions between the individual eggs, or in the Erga- silide, where the eggs ripen individually or in small groups. Probably each method of extrusion is more or less characteristic of the family represented. 3 HATSCHEKIA OBLONGA, new species. Plate 42, figs. 222-226. Host and record of specimens.—Ten specimens of this species were obtained from the gills of the red snapper, Neomenis aya, all females, three of which carried egg-strings. They were fastened between the gill filaments, the head usually on the inner surface of the filament, and the body at right angles toit. While fairly common they were not at all numerous. Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 43554, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42319, U.S.N.M. : Female.—General body form oblong, four and one-half times as long as wide; carapace small, one-fifth of the entire length, trans- versely elliptical, one-third wider than long, with very evenly curved margins. Fused frontal plates also transversely elliptical and pro- jecting their entire length from the frontal margin. Dorsal median carina of the carapace well developed. Fused thorax segments cigar-shaped, tapering posteriorly; first and second segments forming a neck, one-third narrower than the third segment and connecting the latter with the carapace. Third, fourth, and fifth segments indistinguishably fused, with neither marginal indentations nor grooves; fifth segment ending in a blunt lobe on either side of the sixth segment. The latter and the abdomen semicircular, two-fifths the width of the fifth segment; anal lamine narrow-oblong, each tipped with two minute spines. EKge-strings half the length of the body, considerably wider than the genital segment, curved like parenthesis marks, and each con- taining about 15 eggs. ; First antenne closely appressed to the anterior margin of the cara- pace and scarcely reaching its lateral margin. Second pair with a terminal claw half the length of the slender basal joint, and bent sharply at a right angle close to its base. The slender second and third joints of the maxillipeds are together about the same length as the much stouter basal joint. Each of the swimming legs has a short and wide basal joint, a slender two-jointed exopod tipped with two spines, and a stout one-jointed endopod tipped with a single stout spine; each basal joint earries a small papilla, tipped with a stout spine, just inside the base of the endopod. The cement no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 2438 glands are long and slender, the glandular portion one-third of their entire length. Color similar to that of H. linearis from the red- mouthed grunt. (See p. 247.) Head yellowish with a faint tinge of brown, more noticeable on the chitin ribs and the thicker portions of the integument; free thorax and genital segment with yellow margins tinged with olive-green; inside of these the long oviducts are yellowish anteriorly, then become light brown and eventually dark cinnamon-brown posteriorly; the central line over the intestine yellowish with orange margins; egg-strings dark cinnamon-brown. There are none of the dark red streaks through the head and free thorax so prominent in linearis. Total length, 1.70 mm. Carapace, 0.36 mm. wide, 0.27 mm. long. Fused thorax, 1.27 mm. long, 0.36 mm. wide. LEgg-strings, 0.82 mm. long, 0.145 mm. wide. (oblongus, oblong.) This species may be distinguished by its oblong form, its small elliptical carapace of the same width as the fused thorax, by the narrowing of the first two thorax segments, and by the short curved egg-strings. It is fairly common on the red snapper, but only one or two specimens are found on a fish. HATSCHEKIA UNCATA, new species. Plate 43. Host and record of specimens.—A dozen females, nearly all with ege-strings, were obtained from the gills of the rock hind, Epinephelus adscensionis, July 12,1910. They were fastened to the gill filaments, close to the base of the latter, and in the space between two adjacent filaments, in such a way that their bodies were entirely concealed, and only the egg-strings were visible. The body axis was at right angles to the length of the filament, thus bringing the egg-strings parallel with the latter, and just flush with its outer surface. The dozen specimens were obtained from half as many fish. Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 43546, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42289, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form elliptical, short and plump; well rounded on both dorsal and ventral surfaces, more on the former than the latter. Carapace relatively large and semicircular, one- third of the entire length and one-half wider than long; the frontal and lateral margins form a nearly perfect half circle, surrounded by a wide transparent border; the posterior margin is three-lobed, the lateral lobes narrow and short, the median lobe three-fifths of the entire width and strongly convex. The anterior margin projects between the bases of the first antenne, which are attached dorsally. Fused thorax segments broadly elliptical, one-fifth longer than wide, the segments indistinguishable except by indentations on the lateral 244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, margins. The two anterior leg-bearing segments separated from the remainder by portions of a groove, extending inward from each lateral margin. Fifth segment bearing a good-sized hemispherical knob on its posterior border on either side, just external to the open- ing of the oviduct. The location of these knobs, combined with the position in which the egg-strings are habitually carried, suggests strongly that they are concerned in the support of the latter. Sixth (genital) segment indistinguishably fused with the abdomen, the two forming a triangular projection, one-half wider than long, attached to the center of the posterior border of the fifth segment, between the two knobs. The oviduct openings are dorsolateral, and as close as possible to the fifth segment. Anal lamin conical, twice as long as wide, half the length of the fused sixth segment and abdomen, each tipped with three sete of equal length, and having a short spine on the outer margin. Egg-strings each one-third the width of the fused thorax and two- thirds of its length; eggs remarkably large compared with the size of the animal, only four or five in each case. The two cases are ro- tated until, with their bases touching at the midline, they are carried in front of a line at right angles to the body axis, and are actually curved forward like the points of a pickax, or even as far as the flukes of an anchor. First antenne indistinctly five-jomted, the same diameter through- out, only the three terminal joints armed with sete; they are usually closely appressed to the lateral margins of the carapace. Second antenne with a stout basal joint, which is contracted and curved inward at the distal end; terminal claw short, stout, and evenly curved. Mouth tube short, scarcely as long as wide, with a blunt tip; maxillee reduced to mere knobs, destitute of spines or sete. Maxil- lipeds with the two terminal joints together the same length as the basal joint, but only half the width of the latter. Swimming legs biramose, each ramus two-jointed; in the exopods the basal joint is the longer, in the endopods the terminal joint. In the first legs the basal joints are unarmed, the terminal endopod joint carries four short spines, the exopod three. In the second legs each basal joint is armed with a curved spine, on the outside in the exopod, on the inside in the endopod; the terminal exopod jojnt carries two curved spines, the endopod three. Color variegated, the lateral margins a light olive-green, the ovaries and oviducts a light cinnamon-brown, the vascular space between the oviducts and intestine orange-yellow, the stomach and intestine con- tents a dark wine-red, filled with black globules along the center, which are most numerous at the anterior end. Total length, 1 mm. Carapace, 0.31 mm. long, 0.4 mm. wide. Fused thorax, 0.7 mm. long, 0.55 mm. wide. Egg-strings, 0.45 mm. long, 0.15 mm. wide. No. 1950. CRUSTACHAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 245 (uncatus, bent inward or curved like an anchor, alluding to the egg-cases.) During the observation of these specimens while still alive it was noted that the usual peristaltic movements of the stomach and intes- tine were assisted by the drawing forward and backward of the ovi- duct on either side alternately. This movement was rhythmic and each oviduct was pulled nearly to the narrow neck between the head and first thorax segment. The species can be told readily by the comparatively large size and small number of eggs and by the peculiar position of the egg-strings. In no other known species are they any more than divergent and pointing backward; here they actually point forward. HATSCHEKRIA INSOLITA, new species. Plate 42, figs. 227-232. Hest and record of specimens.—Twenty females belonging’ to this species were obtained from the gills of the rock hind, Epinephelus adscensionis, during the summer. There were never more than one or two on a single fish, sometimes alone, sometimes in company with the preceding species (wneata). The present species was in full view while uncata was hidden between the filaments. Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 43549, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42336, U.S.N.M. Female.—Body of medium length and rather wide; carapace large and nearly circular, but with an irregular outline, and about one-third the entire length; dorsal median rib or keel of the carapace well devel- oped. First and second thorax segments forming a short neck joining the carapace with the rest of the segments. Fused thorax club- shaped, one-half longer than wide, with the segmentation clearly indi- cated on the lateral margins; fifth segment with posterior lobes each as broad as the fused sixth segment and abdomen and reaching back farther than the latter. Fused sixth segment and abdomen only one- sixth the width of the fourth segment, hemispherical, and slightly contracted where it joins the fifth segment. Anal lamine long and narrow, apparently two-jointed, the terminal joint tipped with three sete. Egeg-cases club-shaped, from two-thirds to three-quarters the length of the body and taken together as wide as the fifth segment; eggs of large size, from four to seven in each case. First antenne long and narrow, about the same diameter through- out and poorly armed with spines. Second pair with a stout basal joint which is a little longer than the entire first antenna and armed with strong muscles. Terminal claw weak, abruptly narrowed to less than one-fifth the diameter of the basal joint, bent sharply at a right angle close to the base, and tapered to a fine needle pomt. In fact, 246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vo. 44. it is just the opposite in every particular of what would be expected on such a long and powerful basal joint. Mouth tube elliptical in outhne with a squarely truncated tip, one-half longer than wide. Maxille distinctly showing as papille on either side of the mouth tube, each tipped with three setz very similar to those of the Erga- silidee. Swimming legs with long and narrow basal joints, the prox- imal jomt of the exopod longer than the one-jointed endopod. Third legs present as minute papille on the lateral margins, each tipped with two spines; fourth legs indicated by a pair of single spines, also on the lateral margins. Color a uniform translucent yellowish-white, the eggs in the ovi- ducts a light brown, those in the external sacks a dark seal-brown, Total length, 0.85 mm. Carapace, 0.28 mm. long and wide. Fused thorax, 0.55 mm. long, 0.37 mm. wide. Egeg-strings, 0.45 mm. long, 0.12 mm. wide at the distal end. (insolitus, unusual, alluding to the second antenne and the rudi- mentary third and fourth legs.) Although found upon the same host as the preceding species, the present form is readily distinguished by the length of the second antenne and the peculiar shape of their terminal claw and by the presence of the rudiments of the third and fourth pairs of legs in the sinuses on the lateral margins. In this last respect it resembles Hatschekia (Clavella) labracis Van Beneden. HATSCHEKIA LINEARIS, new species. Plate 44, figs. 240-246. Host and record of specimens.—Ten females were obtained from the gills of the red-mouthed grunt, Bathystoma rimator, July 14, 1910. They were attached with their long axis parallel to the filament and on its outer surface. Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 43551, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42293, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form linear, seven times as long as wide, and made up of four distinctly separated parts: the head; the first and second thorax segments partially fused; the third, fourth, and fifth segments completely fused; and the sixth segment and abdomen also completely fused. Carapace very small and circular, only one-ninth of the entire length, and a little narrower than the posterior body, with regular outlines; first and second antenne entirely concealed in dorsal view. First and second thorax segments longer than the head, a little narrower anteriorly, but much widened posteriorly through the bases of the second legs. Fused third, fourth, and fifth segments linear, five times as long as wide and tapering slightly posteriorly, with nearly straight sides; third segment contracted into a narrow neck anteriorly where it joins the second segment, leaving the second — 2 NO. 1980. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 247 legs visible dorsally. Fifth segment forming a short and blunt lobe on either side of the genital segment posteriorly, the tip of the lobe just reaching the posterior margin of the opening of the oviduct. Fused sixth segment and abdomen semielliptical, about the same length and width, which is one-third that of the fifth segment. Anal laminz minute and widely separated, each tipped with three sete. Ege-strings half the entire length, and half the width of the fifth segment, about twenty eggs in each string. First antennez short, their basal joimts fused into a sort of rostrum, projecting from the center of the anterior margin, but curved over ventrally so as to be concealed beneath the carapace. They are apparently made up of only three joints, the terminal of which carries all the spines. Second antennz with a stout and strongly curved terminal claw, half the length of the basal joint. Mouth tube wide and very bluntly rounded at the tip so as to be nearly circular in ventral outline. The two terminal jomts of the maxillipeds are longer than the stout basal joint, and are tipped with a curved claw, which has an accessory spine at the center of its inner margin. There is also a short curved spine projecting from the top of a small papilla on the ventral surface of the head between the base of the maxilliped and the midline. This is not the rudiment of the maxilla since it is behind the chitin rib which supports the maxilliped. Swimming legs with two-jointed exopods and one-jointed endopods, and with a stout spine on the basal joint inside of the endopod. Both rami of the first pair are tipped with four spines; the exopod of the second pair has two, the endopod three. The ovaries and oviducts extend the entire length of the third, fourth, and fifth thorax segments; the maturing eggs are orange-brown in color; the cement glands are close to the midline inside of the ovi- ducts, and are one-fourth the length of the latter, with a short glandular portion. Color of the head yellowish-gray, translucent; free thorax brownish- yellow; genital segment a deeper brown; oviducts and egg-strings medium, orange-brown; lateral margins of the free thorax and genital segment with an olive-green tinge; central line over the intestine yellow, bordered with orange. In many specimens the muscles of the head and free thorax are deep red, showing prominently through the translucent carapace and dorsal epidermis. Total length, 2.33 mm. Carapace, 0.26 mm. long and wide. First and second thorax segments, 0.33 mm. long, 0.39 mm. wide. Third, fourth, and fifth segments, 1.75 mm. long, 0.33 mm. wide. Egg- strings, 1.2 mm. long. (linearis, narrow, thread-like.) This species is radically different from all the others that have been obtained in several particulars. The most striking peculiarity is the 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 44. separation of the two leg-bearing thorax segments. In most other species these are more or less fused with the three following segments to form the so-called “body” of the copepod. Here they are entirely separated and the species may be recognized by this separation at a glance. If any essential differences could be found in the appendages, such a separation would warrant the establishment of a new genus, but as the appendages are in every way similar to those in all Hatschekia species, it seems best to locate this new form in that genus. Another difference is the long distance between the mouth parts and the first swimming legs. Usually these first legs are so close to the maxillipeds that they are often partially concealed beneath the latter. Here there is a wide interval between the two. The species is quite common, nearly every fish yielding specimens, but it is not at all numerous, as only two or three specimens could be found on any one fish, and the most careful search of many fish failed to reveal a single male. In the separation of the two leg-bearing segments and in the relative position of the mouth parts and first legs Hatschekia (Clavella) tenuis Heller closely resembles the present species, but the two differ radically in the relative proportions of the different parts of the body, as well as in the size and structure of the antennz and mouth parts. HATSCHEKIA IRIDESCENS, new species. Plate 41, figs. 216-221; plate 44, fig. 247; plate 45. Host and record of specimens.—About 50 females and 2 males were obtained from the gills of a porcupine fish, Diodon hystriz, 15 inches in length. The females were attached between the gill filaments, the great majority of them with their heads toward the base of the filaments, and all with their bodies parallel with the fila- ments. The males were attached to the tips of the filaments, and not at all securely. Type-specumen.—A_ female, Cat. No. 43550, U.'S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42325, U.S.N.M. Female.—Body short and of medium width; carapace very large, one-third of the entire length, semielliptical, three-fifths wider than long, the lateral and posterior margins a nearly even curve, the anterior margin four-lobed, a narrow lobe on either side of the median line, with a much wider one outside of it extending to the lateral margin. Dorsal surface with a median longitudinal keel extending its entire length, the strong muscles operating the second antenne and mouth parts attached to it and showing as diagonal lines on either side of it. Fused thorax elongate-ovate, one-half longer than wide, a little narrower than the carapace, with only the anterior segments indicated by lateral indentations. The two leg-bearing segments fused with no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSONW. 249 the others, the fifth segment forming a wide lobe on either side of the genital segment and abdomen, and extending a little beyond the posterior margin of the latter. Fused genital segment and abdomen semielliptical, one-sixth of the width of the third segment, one-half wider than long, with a nearly straight posterior margin; anal lamine elliptical, a little longer than wide, each tipped with three sete of equal length. Egg-strings five-ninths of the body length, one-fourth as wide as long, each containing eight or nine large eggs. First antennee five-jointed, the joints diminishing regularly in size outwards and well armed with sete and spines. Terminal claw of the second pair fully as long as the basal joint, bent at a right angle near the tip and with a swelling on the inner margin near the base. Mouth tube conical, widest near the base and tapering to a rather sharp tip; maxille simple pimples without sete or spines; maxilli- peds of the usual pattern, the two terminal joints about the same length as the much stouter basal joint. Exopods of the swimming legs two-jointed, endopods one-jointed, a slender spine outside the base of the exopods, the other spines as shown in the drawings. Cement glands close to the median line, the glandular portion about half the entire length and showing no trace of segmentation. Semen receptacle a long median bag lying between the ducts of the cement glands, divided posteriorly, with a duct extending nearly at right angles to the long axis of the bag and opening close to the exter- nal orifice of each oviduct. In figure 255 a spermatophore may be seen with its long duct attached to this opening. Evidently the ducts of these spermatophores are not crossed as in some of the other copepods. Color a translucent orange-yellow, deeper on the appendages and along the midline; oviducts dark cinnamon-brown; eggs in the external cases also dark brown, increasing in intensity with devel- opment. Total length, 2.75 mm. Carapace, 1.33 mm. wide, 1 mm. long. Fused thorax, 2 mm. long, 1.28 mm. wide. Egg-strings, 1.75 mm. long, 0.33 mm. wide. Male.—Body proportionally longer and narrower than that of the female; carapace nearly circular in general outline, but projecting a little anteriorly on the midline and reentrant posteriorly leaving a well-defined lateral lobe on either side. Near the center of the cara- pace a small eye can be seen on either side of the midline with a central mass fusing them together. Fused thorax nearly three times as long as wide, with the segmen- tation clearly indicated along the lateral margins, even the first and second segments being separated by a deep marginal indentation. 250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, Genital segment fused with the others and produced posteriorly into a short and blunt lobe on either side. Abdomen one-jointed, one-third the width of the fused thorax, and enlarged a little posteriorly; anal lamine large, three times as long as wide, one-half longer than the abdomen, each tipped with two large and stout spines, the inner of which is as long as the lamina itself. Appendages like those of the female, but longer and more slender. First antenne carried at right angles to the body axis, and projecting more than half their length beyond the lateral margins of the carapace. Maxillipeds also projecting obliquely backward, with their entire length visible in dorsal view. First two pairs of swimming legs with two-jointed exopods and one-jointed endopods; there is also a rudimentary third pair of legs behind the second pair on the lateral margins; each consists of a single short joint tipped with two spines. Total length, 1 mm. Carapace, 0.3 mm. long and wide. Fused thorax, 0.6 mm. long, 0.22 mm. wide. Color like that of the female except that the brown oviducts are replaced by yellow sperm receptacles. Nauplius.—Body elliptical, one-half longer than wide, with a regular curve; a narrow papilla-like protuberance at the center of the anterior margin, and a much wider one between the balancers, posteriorly. There are the usual nauplius appendages, the exopods of the second antenne and mandibles carrying only four rowing sete. Balancers slender and cylindrical, carried straight back- ward parallel with the body axis, each of them slightly convex inward. Body with three large masses of brown pigment, one triangular in shape, in the center of the anterior portion, the other two along each lateral margin, meeting posteriorly. Between and in front of these pigment masses the body is translucent and shows the usual diagonal muscles (see fig. 216). Total length, 0.2 mm.; width, 0.11 mm. (iridescens, iridescent, alluding particularly to the fully developed egg-strings.) The burial of the large second antenne of this species in the tissue of the gill filament of its host produces a sort of tumor or swelling, similar to that produced on the fins by the maxillipeds of Tucca impressus. But these parasites are not thereby anchored to one spot as is the case with Tucca; they are able to loosen their hold and move up and down the filaments by a walking motion of the second antennse. Some of them free themselves entirely and wriggle off the gills on to the bottom of the aquarium, when the gills are removed from the fish and put in water. The females live a long time, lying on their backs and wriggling about violently, but they are unable to no. 1950. ORUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 251 swim at all. The males can swim readily but die much sooner than the females. Many of the egg-strings were ready to hatch and active nauplii were obtained, but none of them could be carried through even the first molt. In the matured egg-strings they show through the walls of the external cases with a peculiar iridescence, totally unlike anything seen in other copepods, and this has suggested the specific name for the new species. Family LERNAIDA. PENNELLA EXOCGTI (Holten). Lernxopenna blainvillii LESuEUR, 1824, p. 289, pl. 11, figs. 2e-k. Host and record of specimens.—This species was originally described by Holten in 1802 under the name Lernxa exoceti, and was obtained from the common flying fish, Exocetus volitans, in the Atlantic Ocean. It was afterwards taken by Lesueur from the same host in the vicinity of the West Indies, and described and figured under the name Ler- neopenna blainvillii. Lesueur found a second specimen, on the same fish and close to the one just mentioned, but so different from it that he was at a loss just where to place it; he suggested that the two might be different sexes of the same species (1824, p. 292). This second specimen Milne Edwards made the type species of his new genus Lernzonema (1840, p. 524), but Richiardi has suggested (1877, p. 199) with greater probability that it is an undeveloped P. ezxoce@ti. THERODAMAS SERRANI Krgyer. Therodamas serrani Kr@YER, 1863, p. 316, pl. 15, figs. 4a-f. Host and record of specimens.—Krgyer obtained a tolerably large number of females of this Lernzid from the gills of a Serranus species in the Danish West Indies. He established for them (1863, p. 316) a new genus and species which seem to be well founded, but no other investigator has ever obtained any specimens. This is the more to be regretted because the parasite is very peculiar in many respects, but although all the species of Serranus as well as other groupers were carefully examined, nothing of the sort could be found at Jamaica. LERNZZXOLOPHUS HEMIRAMPHI (Krgyer). Lernza hemiramphi Kr@yver, 1863, p. 318, pl. 15, figs. 7a-f. Host and record of spectmens.—A single specimen of this species was obtained from the mouth opening of a Hemiramphus, species, probably H. brasiliensis, from the Danish West Indies. Upon this specimen Krgyer established his new species (1863, p. 318), and so far as can be judged it seems perfectly valid. 952 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, LERNAOLOPHUS RECURVUS, new species. Plate 46. Host and record of spectmens.—Four females, one of which was a young developmental stage, were obtained from the gill arches of the blue parrot fish, Scarus ceruleus, June 30, 1910. Three of these were found upon a single fish, and were close together in the floor of the throat, where the gill arches join. Type-speciemen.—Cat. No. 43557, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42292, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form slender, the head nearly spherical and about twice the diameter of the neck, the posterior body club- shaped but not much enlarged, the abdomen narrowed to half the diameter of the genital segment. Body also bent into a half circle so that the genital segment and abdomen point forward toward the head. In fully matured specimens the abdomen is covered with a dense growth of dichotomous processes. Head flattened a little dorso-ventrally, and armed on its dorsal surface with three chitin horns, all at right angles to the body axis and dichotomously branched. The two lateral horns are consider- ably larger than the posterior one, their length being three or four times the diameter of the head, and are three times compounded. The posterior horn is much shorter, its length only once and a half times the diameter of the head, and is only twice compounded. Usually one or the other lateral horn is enlarged at the base, and the branches of all the horns taper regularly toward the tips. There is hardly a trace of the two small knobs on the top of the head, which represent the first antenne in L. sultanus. On the flattened ventral surface, or face of the head, may be found the second antennz and mouth parts. The former are in the shape of short and stumpy processes along what may be called the fore- head of the parasite and down either side of the face. Each con- sists of two parts which evidently belong together and which are united in early development, but become more or less separated later. Behind these on the lower sides of the face and along the chin are the maxillipeds, also represented by stumpy processes, flattened and irregular, and showing more or less tendency to become bipartite. The space between the second antenne and maxillipeds is hollowed out into a shallow cup, in the bottom of which are three small spher- ical knobs of about the same size, one posterior on the median line, and in front of this a pair, one on either side of the median line. The former is the rudiment of the under lip, the latter of the man-. dibles. In front of the mandibles in some of the specimens may be seen a slight elevation on the median line which represents the last traces of the upper lip. In the developmental stage the upper and under no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 253 lips are prolonged and loosely united into a sort of proboscis, and the mandibles form swellings at its sides. Just behind the head are four pairs of rudimentary legs, so close together that they overlap for two-thirds of their length. Each leg consists of a broad triangular lamina, representing the basal joint, and two tiny spines, representing the rami. In the developmental stage they stand out nearly at right angles to the ventral surface, in the adult they are tightly appressed to that surface. The first four (leg-bearing) thorax segments are narrow and neck-like and very short; the fifth segment is of the same width and greatly elongated, and forms the bulk of the so-called neck; the genital segment is enlarged to two or three times the diameter of the neck, varying considerably in different individuals. It is impossible in this species to locate accurately the dividing line between the fifth and genital segments, but judging from the following species the point where the enlargement begins is the line of demarcation. At about the center of the enlarged genital segment the body is bent abruptly so that the abdomen points toward the head. In the developmental stages the curve is broad and there is but little twisting of the body; in the mature adult the curve becomes so sharp that the dorsal surface of the abdomen is brought almost, into actual contact with the side of the fifth segment. At the same time, the posterior portion of the body is twisted to the right or left, so that the legs and mouth-parts appear to be on one of the lateral surfaces. The abdomen js long and slender, and tapers gradually from base to tip; at the base it is about half the diameter of the genital seg- ment, and on a level with the dorsal surface of the latter. It shows no external signs of segmentation. On the sides of the genital seg- ment at the posterior end are two pairs of dichotomously branched processes, and along the lateral margins of the abdomen are seven or eight additional pairs. At first these are short and simple and do not conceal the surrounding parts, but they increase in size and complexity with age, and finally cover and conceal the abdomen, egg-strings, and posterior portion of the genital segment. The egg-strings are scarcely. wider than one of the processes, but are from one and a half to two times the length of the body. Each is tightly and irregularly, coiled into a small mass, entirely sur- rounded by the processes, and in this way supported and protected. Color of the entire body blood- or wine-red, even to the tips of the horns; dichotomous processes pale yellow-gray or straw-color; egg- strings snow-white. Total length, 20 mm. Length of horns, 5 mm.; of processes, 6 mm. Diameter of head, 2.8 mm.; of neck, 1 mm.; of genital segment, 2.8 mm. 254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL, 44, (recurvus, bent back, alluding to the posterior portion of the body.) In 1840 Milne Edwards very briefly described what he called a new species of Pennella, P. sultana. In 1864 Nordmann figured and described a new variety of the same species, P. sultana sigmoidea. In 1865 Heller established the new genus Lernzolophus upon some specimens which he identified as identical with those described by Milne Edwards. No one of the three descriptions, nor even all of them together, are very complete, especially with regard to the mouth parts, but enough is shown to fully establish the validity of the genus. Milne Edwards does not even mention the mouth parts; Nordmann shows a series of 11 small papille arranged in the shape of an ellipse, the anterior one unpaired on the midline, the others more or less regularly paired. Heller claimed to distinguish a pair of antenne on the front of the head, and around the mouth one pair of “palps”’ and two pairs of ‘‘maxillipeds.’’ These last three pairs of append- ages he described as being armed with terminal “claw-joints,”’ and the second maxillipeds as being distinctly three-jointed. He makes no mention of the small papille in the bottom of the mouth depres- sion, nor does his figure show them. If they were present the total number would be the same as that given by Nordmann, but the arrangement would be radically different. If there really were three pairs of claws around the mouth, they must have represented the second antenne, a pair of maxille, and a pair of maxillipeds. In the present species, however, there are no traces of any claws, and the two anterior pairs of papille that look like separate appendages in the adult, are certainly parts of the same single pair in the develop- mental stage. This would indicate that the maxille are entirely lacking, as in other genera belonging to this family. The present species is sufficiently distinguished from sultanus by the comparatively smaller size of the head, by the branching of the posterior horn, by the fact that the body is bent only once and then very sharply, instead of into a broad sigmoid curve, and by the over- lapping of the four pairs of legs. Also if Heller’s description of the mouth parts is correct, they are much better developed in sultanus than in recurvus. The fact that no satisfactory description has ever been given of any species of the genus is sufficient warrant,for the present somewhat detailed one. LERNZOLOPHUS STRIATUS, new species. Plate 47, figs. 260, 261. , Host and record of specimens.—Two females were obtained from the throat of the barracuda, Sphyrena barracuda, July 15, 1910. They were fastened to the floor of the throat, just inside the lower ip. The . no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 255 head was buried close to the ventral aorta, while the body trailed back along the gill arches, The better specimen of the two has been made the type. Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 42320, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form slightly curved and slender; diameter almost uniform throughout, only slightly enlarged posteriorly. Horns long and slender and profusely branched; posterior processes all pointed backward, crowded together, and unbranched. The dividing line between the fifth and sixth (genital) segments is clearly indicated by a transverse groove and also by a marked change in color. This groove is situated at the beginning of the posterior enlargement of the body, and the color changes from wine-red to a dull white. Head flattened more than in recurvus and projecting much farther in front of the base of the horns. Lateral horns four times compounded; posterior horn not at right angles to the body axis, but pointing diagonally backward, almost parallel with the thorax, and three times compounded. Sides of the head fluted or wrinkled, the wrinkles extending around to the bases of the second antenne and mouth parts on the front of the head. First antenne practically wanting, only the merest vestiges of knobs being left; second antenne and mouth parts similar to those of recurvus, but with these differences. The knobs representing all the appendages are relatively larger; the maxillipeds are much more irregular and are fully twice the size of the second antenne, and there is much less space between the two at the sides of the head. The mouth depression is shallower, but the form, size, and arrangement of the three small knobs is almost exactly the same. ® The swimming legs are smaller than in recurvus, not as distinctly triangular, and they have no spines; they are also farther apart so that they do not even touch one another. The genital segment is not recurved, but is bent only slightly out of a straight line. The egeg-tubes are coiled into tight bundles, entirely concealed by the posterior processes; each, if straightened out, would be about one and a half times the length of the body. Total length, 27 mm. Length of horns, 7.5 mm.; of posterior pro- cesses, 6.5 mm. Diameter of head, 2.7 mm.; of neck, 1.6 mm.; of genital segment, 2.6 mm. Color of the anterior body and horns a pale wine-red, of the genital segment a dull white, of the appendages a pale yellow. (striatus, fluted or grooved, alluding to the sides of the head.) This species is readily distinguished by the fluted head, large second antenne and mouth parts, straight body, and posteriorly pointing and unbranched processes. 256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, Family LERNASOPODIDA. Genus THYSANOTE Kr¢yer. THYSANOTE POMACANTHI Kriyer. Thysanote pomacanthi KréyeEr, 1863, p. 288, pl. 15, figs. la-4. Host and record of specimens.—Kreyer obtained half a score of speci- mens from the gills of the Indian or flat-fish, Pomacanthus paru, from the Danish West Indies. Upon these he established the new genus, Thysanote, and the new species, pomacanthi, which became the type of the genus. Two years later Heller said (1865, p. 238) that Krgyer’s genus was nothing but a “‘Brachiella” with numerous processes on the arms and posterior body, and he described two new species which he referred to the genus Brachiella. But neither Krgyer nor Heller found the males of the species they described. Nordmann, however, had previously described and figured (1832, p. 92, pl. 8, figs. 1 to 3) both sexes of “Brachiella impudica,”’ which have since been referred to the genus Thysanote by Bassett-Smith (1899, p. 497), T. Scott (1900, p. 169), and A. Scott (1904, p. 123). Steenstrup and Liitken also described and figured (1861, p. 419, pl. 15, fig. 35) both sexes of ‘““Brachiella appendiculata,” which evi- dently belongs to this genus Thysanote, and Bassett-Smith described and figured (1898, p. 14, pl. 6, figs. 1 to 3) both sexes of ‘“Brachiella appendiculosa,” which he afterwards acknowledged (1899, p. 497) to be identical with Steenstrup and Liitken’s species. These last two males correspond with the one here described, as do the females, and may therefore be taken as typical of the genus. There are far more differences between the males and those of true Brachiella species than there are between the females, but even with the latter the differences are enough to establish the validity of the genus. There is no one thing besides the fimbriate processes which can be regarded as a conclusive generic character. Rather is the genus distinguished by an accumulation of small and not very prominent differences, which may be summed up as follows: Female—Cephalothorax short and thickset, and in the same line with the rest of the body; completely fused with the remainder of the thorax or only imperfectly separated; segmentation indicated by breaks in the musculature. The arms (second maxille) and pos- terior margin or corners of the body bearing fimbriate processes; no abdomen, anal lamine very rudimentary. First antennze between the terminal joints of the second pair and the mouth, visible only from below, indistinctly segmented. Second pair closely appressed to the frontal margin of the head and just meeting at the midline; mandibles with a pronounced curve near the center of the blade; first maxille large, with a distinct palp; no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 257 second maxille sometimes longer than the cephalothorax, united only at the tip; maxillipeds with a powerful basal joint and a short ter- minal claw. Male.—Body short aud thickset; cephalothorax more or less com- pletely separated from the posterior unsegmented portion; the latter terminated by two conical anal lamine. Appendages on the ventral ‘surface at right angles to the body axis; second antenne uncinate; second maxille with stout sickle-shaped claws; terminal portion of the maxillipeds twisted like a corkscrew. THYSANOTE LONGIMANA, new species. Plate 47, figs. 262-264; plate 48. Host and record of specimens.—F ive females and three males were obtained from the outside of the throat of the red snapper, Neomexnis aya, July 23, 1910. Type-specomen.—A female, Cat. No. 43552, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42281, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form elongate, widest posteriorly; divided into two regions, the cephalothorax and the fused thorax and abdo- men. Cephalothorax oblong, one-third of the entire length, bluntly rounded anteriorly, and enlarged posteriorly through the bases of the second maxille. Body inversely club-shaped, with a smooth surface and evenly rounded outlines, the only trace of segmentation being found in the interruption of the longitudinal muscles which run along the midline on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces. There are three of these muscle breaks, making four segments, the last of which is a fusion of the fifth and sixth (genital) segments, and the abdomen. The egg-tubes are attached to the posterior margin of this fused seg- ment, nearer the dorsal than the ventral surface; they are cylin- drical in form and about two-thirds of the entire length. The eggs are rather small and are arranged in five or six longitudinal rows, from 25 to 30 eggs in each row. There are eight of the branched processes which characterize the genus; the first pair are attached to the arms about one-third of their length from the base; the second pair are attached to the arms where the latter join the body, so that in some specimens they seem to come from the sides of the body; the third and fourth pairs are close together at the posterior corners of the last (fused) body segment. The branching is dichotomous, and none of the rami are divided more than once or twice, making the processes comparatively simple. Between the egg-tubes, on either side of the anus, and on a level with the ventral surface, is a short, finger-like process. First antenne imperfectly segmented and tipped with a pair of very short spines, but without any other armature. Owing to the 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13 17 958 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, pushing forward and curving inward of the second antenne, this first pair comes to lie between the second pair and the mouth tube, and can be seen only from the ventral surface (fig. 267). In consequence of this abortive position they have been frequently mistaken for other appendages. Second antenne of the usual bira- mose form, bent across the anterior margin of the head at right angles to the body axis, with their tips just meeting on the midline above the mouth tube. Exopod broad, one-jointed, and bluntly rounded; endopod two-jointed, much narrower, and tipped with two spines. Mandibles mounted on a prominent and powerful basal joint, just outside the base of the mouth tube; blade curved near the center and armed with teeth of two sizes, about 12 in all. First maxille large and stout, bipartite at the tip, each ramus ending in a single stout spine; palp on the inner, ventral surface, just below the rami, short and tipped with two spines. Second maxille or arms one-half longer than the cephalothorax, joined only at the tips, where is formed a short but strong mushroom bulla. No swimming legs visible anywhere upon the body. In the ripe female the entire body behind the cephalothorax is filled with the small eggs. Color a uniform yellowish-white, without pigment. Total length, 8 mm. Cephalothorax, 2.2 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide. Posterior body, 6.8 mm. long, 2.2 mm. wide. Egg-tubes, 4 mm. long. (longimana, longus, long, and manus, hand, alluding to the length of the arms or second maxille.) Male.—General body form spindle-shaped and rather thickset; divided into two regions by a well-defined groove. Cephalothorax in the form of half a short cone, covered with a carapace which projects anteriorly and along the sides over the bases of the appendages. Thorax-abdomen a long and bluntly rounded cone, twice the length of the anterior one and not as wide, ending posteriorly in a pair of narrow conical anal lamine. First antenne attached to the sides of the carapace some little distance back of the anterior end, indistinctly jointed and tipped with two tiny spines. Second antenne close behind the first, with a bira- mose tip, the exopod of which ends in a sickle-shaped claw. First maxille between the base of the antenne and the mouth tube, projecting considerably beyond the tip of the latter; the two terminal spines and palp like those of the female. Second maxille short and stout and pointed forward, the terminal claw also short and stout, sickle-shaped, with its point almost in contact with the end of the basal joint. Maxillipeds long and rather slender and pointed backward; sec- ond joint and terminal claw bent into a sort of corkscrew, which with its fellow is ordinarily concealed between the two maxillipeds. No. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 259 Color yellowish-brown, considerably darker than the female. Total length, 1.35 mm. Greatest width, 0.5 mm. CLAVELLA (ANCHORELLA) LACINIATA Kréyer. Plate 49. Anchorella laciniata Kr@YER, 1863, p. 308, pl. 16, figs. 8a and b. Host and record of specimens—Kreoyer obtained two females from the gills of a fish which he designated as ‘‘Acanthurus chirurgus,” but which is now known as Teuthis hepatus, the doctor fish, from the Danish West Indies. Upon these he founded a new species of the genus Clavella (Anchorella), which he named. A. laciniata. During the season of 1910 five females and two males were found attached to the skin in the roof of the mouth of the same host at Montego Bay, Jamaica. Cat. No. 42310, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form short and plump; cephalothorax longer than the posterior body and nearly reaching the ends of the egg-strings, flexed backward against the dorsal body surface, and of the same diameter throughout. Not only are the arms entirely lack- ing but the attachment bulla 1s even placed at the bottom of a pit, below the level of the body surface. Posterior body bell-shaped, the apex and one side of the bell fastened to the cephalothorax, the margin laciniate or cut into conical processes, six in number, two pos- terior, two lateral, and two anterior, while the mouth of the bell, be- tween the bases of the processes, is covered by the posterior body wall. The anterior and posterior processes are about equal in size, and are one-third the length of the posterior body; the lateral pro- cesses are much smaller. Abdomen, situated in the angle between the two posterior processes, minute and nearly spherical. Egg-casesellipsoidal, half the lengthand width of the posterior body, and attached to the flattened surface between the bases of all the processes; eggs large, arranged in five or six rows, about 10 in each row. First antenne conical, distinctly three-jointed, the last joint tipped with two spines, the others unarmed. Second antenne closely ap- pressed to the anterior margin and bipartite at the tip, the inner ramus two-jointed and ending in a claw, the outer one one-jointed and unarmed. Proboscis a broad cone, projecting prominently from the ventral surface of the head. First maxille ending in two long spines; palp minute, one-jointed, attached to the inner margin close to the distal end. Maxillipeds with a swollen triangular basal joint, and a slender, nearly straight terminal claw. The latter is attached to the side rather than the tip of the basal joint, and carries an accessory spine on its inner margin toward the tip. Near the center of the inner mar- 260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44, gin of the basal joint is a papilla which carries a long seta; just below this are two rounded knobs covered with short spines. Color a dark yellowish-white, turning to lavender and then purple on the posterior processes and the dorsal surface. Total length, 4.4 mm. Cephalothorax, 2.5 mm. long, 0. 55 mm. wide. Posterior body, 1.45 mm. wide at the posterior end, 3 mm. long, including the posterior processes which are 1 mm. long. Egg- cases 1.3 mm. long, 0.65 mm. wide. Male.—General body form that of a typical Clavella male, ovate, flattened laterally, a little pointed anteriorly, abruptly rounded, and considerably abbreviated posteriorly, without any trace of regions or segments. The entire dorsal surface is covered with a carapace, which projects a little over the anterior margin, forms a distinct ridge along the sides of the body, and fades away imperceptibly pos- teriorly. First antenne three-jointed and considerably enlarged at the base; second pair flattened and laminate, projecting at right angles to the edge of the carapace, about the same length as the first pair, the outer, terminal ramus cut off diagonally. First maxillee like those of the female; second pair ending in stout curved claws; maxillipeds with a strongly swollen basal joint, having on its ventral margin a tooth-like projection with which the tip of the terminal claw interlocks. Color a creamy yellow, uniform all over the body. Totallength,0.6mm. Greatest width, 0.33 mm. Nauplius larva.—General structure the same as that in the other Lerneopodide. Body a flattened ellipsoid, the two diameters in the proportion of 3 to 4, the margins evenly rounded. Frontal gland very ‘large and situated far forward near the anterior margin; no other internal structures visible except the muscles which move the append- ages. Of these latter there are only two pairs, corresponding to the first and second antenne. The first pair are one-jointed, uniramose, and tipped with two long setz; the second pair are biramose, the exopod five-jointed, each joint terminating in a long seta, the endopod two-jointed, and terminating in two sete. At the posterior end of the body there are no balancers, but instead a large rounded knob. made up of the fused thorax and abdomen. The entire body is uncolored except six isolated patches of dark Javender or purple pigment. The first two pairs are situated on either side of and close to the eye, the remaining and largest pair at the posterior corners of the body. (laciniata, cut into deep and irregular lobes, alluding to the poste- rior processes. ) This species was briefly described and figured by Kroyer in 1863 (p. 308, pl. 16, fig. 8a to b), and has never been seen by subsequent no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CORABS—WILSON. 261 investigators. Krgyer’s description lacks practically all the details with reference to the appendages and his figures are so small that nothing can be Jearned from them about the appendages. Accord- ingly the species has been redescribed, the details of structure have been added, and the male and nauplius larva have been presented for the first time. This male proves to be a typical Clavella (Anchorella) form, so that Kroyer located the species correctly in spite of the presence of three pairs of posterior processes around the egg-strings that might have suggested a relationship to Brachiella. The nauplius larva was dissected out of the egg-strings and com- pares closely with that obtained in a similar manner from the egg- strings of Achtheres ambloplitis.1 The species may be recognized by the bell-shaped posterior body, with the conical processes around its flarmg mouth, and the short and thickset egg-cases protruding from the latter like a pair of tongues or clappers. CLAVELLA INVERSA, new species. Plate 50. Host and record of specimens——Six females were obtained from the gills of the red-mouthed grunt, Bathystoma rimator, July 18, 1910. Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 43513, U.S.N.M. Paratypes, Cat. No. 42291, U.S.N.M. Female.—General body form short and very thickset. Cephalo- thorax flexed backward so that it is in the same line with the arms and at right angles to the rest of the body. Head club-shaped, its diameter a little less than that of the neck, its anterior margin squarely truncated, with the proboscis and first antenne projecting , slightly. At the junction of the neck with the posterior body, which is also the pomt from whence arise the arms or second maxille, there is present on each lateral margin and nearer the dorsal than the ventral surface a large kidney-shaped knob. These knobs are very conspicuous in both living and preserved specimens and furnish a ready means of recognizing the species. So far as is known, nothing of this sort has ever been observed in any other species of the genus. The knobs are covered with the outer skin so thickly that their presence is indicated merely by a wrinkled swelling, but, the skin being transparent, they are perfectly visible inside the swell- ing. They appear to be the maxillary glands, crowded out of their normal position in the second maxille, for ducts may be seen on their dorsal surface leading inward and upward and opening at the base of the second maxille. The latter are short and completely fused, except the internal muscles, which still indicate their double origin. The attachment bulla is large, saucershaped, and sessile, with the stem entirely lacking. uProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, pl. 30, figs. 10 and 11. 262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44, The posterior body is transversely elliptical, a trifle wider than long, with a strongly convex ventral surface and an equally con- cave dorsal surface. At the center of the posterior margin, on a level with the ventral surface, is the tiny abdomen, which is short, obovate, and strongly flattened dorso-ventrally. The egg-strings are ellipsoidal, each three-fourths as long as the posterior body and half as wide; the eggs are very large and are arranged in six or seven rows, about five in a row. First antennze three-jointed, the two terminal joints slender, tipped with two short spines, and projecting well beyond the ante- rior margin of the head, the basal jomt swollen and armed with a single spine on the inner margin near the distalend. Second antenneze flexed at a right angle and appressed close to the anterior margin of the head, their tips meeting at the midline. Proboscis broadly conical, its tip reaching a little beyond the frontal margin. First maxillz ending in two spines of about equal size; palp also tipped with two small and equal spines and situated on the ventral surface near the center. Maxillipeds with a swollen basal joint, armed with powerful muscles, having a stout spine at the center of the inner margin and a rounded elevation covered with short spiny teeth at the distal end of the same margin. Terminal claw slender and a little more than half the length of the basal joint, with a short accessory spine near the tip. Color a clear yellowish-white, without pigment. Total length, 3.45 mm. Cephalothorax, 1.65 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide. Posterior body, 1.75 mm. long, 1.8 mm. wide. Egg-strings 1 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide. (inversus, contrary to the usual order of things, the maxillary glands in this species being outside the maxille.) This is a small and highly interesting species which may be recog- nized at once by the kidney-shaped knobs on the sides of the cepha- lothorax at the bases of the second maxille. It is fairly common, having been found on several of the red- mouthed grunts, but it is so small and it blends so well with the oll filaments that it is easily overlooked. BRACHIELLA CONCAVA, new species. Plate 51, figs. 284-288. Host and record of specimens.—A single female of this species was taken from the gills of the sting ray, Dasyatis hastata. It was fastened to the gill arch close to its base and on the inner margin away from the gill filaments. Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 42286, U.S.N.M. Female —General body form short and plump; cephalothorax folded back against the dorsal body surface until it is in the same no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 263 straight line with the arms and about the same length as the latter. Head half as wide again as tne neck, nearly cylindrical, and covered on the dorsal surface with a skin-like carapace, which does not reach the anterior margin; neck the same diameter as the arms, Body oval, strongly flattened dorso-ventrally, with the dorsal surface concave or saucer-shaped and its raised margin crenulate. One pair of thick cylindrical processes at the posterior end, on a level with the dorsal surface and well separated. These processes are narrowed to a short neck anteriorly and bluntly rounded poste- riorly. They start on either side of the dorsal midline and close to it, and run a short distance at right angles to the body axis, then turn and become parallel with the latter and with each other. The abdomen and anal lamine are both lacking. The egg-strings are cylindrical, the same diameter as the posterior processes, and twice as long as the body proper; the eggs are arranged in four or five longitudinal rows, about 50 in a row. First antenne very indistinctly segmented, the basal segments much larger than the terminal, the whole appendage turned over ven- trally nearly at right angles to the dorsal surface. Second antennz appressed to the anterior margin of the head, not meeting at the midline, but leaving a gap equal in width to the diameter of the antenne. Proboscis projecting slightly in front of the head, between the ends of the second antenne. First maxille short and stout, not reaching beyond the center of the mouth tube, with three terminal spines of about equal length; palp at the center of the inner margin, tipped with two short spines. Second maxille about as long as the head and neck, separate to the very ends, where they are slightly enlarged and fused into a rounded knob which supports the bell-shaped bulla. Maxillipeds with a swollen basal joint, armed on the inner margin near the base with a rounded knob covered with short spines, and a long flexible spine at the center; terminal claw short and weak, with an accessory spine at its base. Color of the head and neck a clear cartilage gray, the body yel- lowish, the complicated uterine processes of the oviducts white; ege-strings straw-yellow, becoming deeper as the eggs develop. Total length, without the egeg-strings and posterior processes, 1imm. Cephalothorax, 6.2 mm. long, 1.4mm. wide. Arms, 5 mm. long. Posterior processes, 3.2 mm. long. Egg-strings, 7.25 mm. (concava, hollowed out, alluding to the dorsal surface of the body.) This species is one of those that have but two posterior processes, and among them may be recognized by the size and shape of those processes, as well as by the large size of the parasite itself. It is not common, since a large number of sting rays yielded but this one specimen. 264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 44. Family CANTHOCAMPTIDA. CANCRINCOLA, new genus. Generic characters.—Body made up of 10 segments, slender, cylin- drical or somewhat spindle-shaped, the anterior end of the spindle much shorter than the posterior. Cephalic segment short and nar- rowed anteriorly; rostrum minute and rudimentary. Free thorax segments diminishing slightly but regularly in width from in front backward. Fifth and sixth segments more distinctly separated than in Canthocamptus. First abdomen segment about as wide as the genital segment, the two others somewhat narrower; anal lamine short and rather stout, each bearing an enormous curved seta, half as long as the entire body or more; no anal opercle. Anterior antenne stout and thickset, eight-jointed, those of the male strongly hinged. Posterior antenne short, the outer ramus very small and one-jointed; mandibular palp simple and also one- jointed. Anterior maxille with well-defined endopod and exopod, the latter armed with a stout, claw-like spine; posterior maxille with only a single digitiform lobe inside the claw-bearing joint; maxillipeds normally developed. ; First swimming legs with the inner ramus two-jointed, much longer than the outer one, and modified for clasping; other swimming legs with the outer ramus longer than the inner, both rami three- jointed; fifth pair in the female distinctly lamellar, with the basal joint expanded on the inner side. Only a single ovisac. Type species—Cancrincola jamaicensis, new species. (Cancrincola, cancer, a crab, and incola, dweller or inhabitant.) CANCRINCOLA JAMAICENSIS, new species. Plate 50, fig. 281; fig. 51, figs. 282, 3; plate 52. Type-——One female, Cat. No. 43506, U.S.N.M., taken from the gills of the white land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi, at Montego Bay. Paratypes, 30 specimens, including both sexes, taken from the same host, Cat. No. 43596, U.S.N.M. Female.—Body slender, more than four times as long as wide, cylindrical, tapering gradually posteriorly. Cephalic segment slightly longer than the two following segments combined, strongly narrowed anteriorly; rostrum very small and triangular. Eye well developed and placed far forward. First free segment a trifle wider than the cephalon and considerably longer than any of the following segments; fifth and sixth segments distinctly separated; first abdomen segment wider and longer than either of the two which follow it; terminal segment deeply incised at the center and without any anal opercle. No.1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILNON. 265 Anal lamine much shorter than the terminal segment and thickset, each armed with three short spines at the outer distal corner and two similar ones at the inner distal corner. Between these on the end of each lamina is attached a stout seta five-ninths as long as the entire body; each seta is curved outward at the center, the two resembling a pair of parenthesis marks. Anterior antenne indistinctly eight-jointed, considerably shorter than the cephalon, and thickset; the four basal joints are well sup- plied with sets of moderate size, on the four terminal joints the sete are scattering, except a tuft at the very tip; the fourth joint projects somewhat on the anterior margin and is there armed with two long and narrow esthetasks. The posterior antenne are of moderate size, the basal joint with a single small spine on its inner margin; exopod attached at the center of the outer margin, short, one-jointed, and terminating in three sete, the longest of which is posterior; terminal joint two-thirds the length of the basal, armed with a double row of saw teeth (prox- imal portion) and three toothed spines (distal portion) along its inner margin; three long spines toothed near their tips, and a shorter one toothed at its center, are attached to the distal margin of this terminal joint. Mandibles peculiar, the outer ramus very small, simple, one-jointed, and terminating in two long and two short spines, the two former between the two latter; inner ramus flattened into a semicylindrical lamina or blade, the distal end of which is narrower than the basal; cutting portion projecting from the inner surface of this lamina at the distal end as a short, sharp, and toothed process. The concave surfaces of the lamine face each other so that, when the mandibles are closed together, the laminz form a short conical tube or proboscis, through which liquid food might well be conveyed to the mouth. First maxille with an exopod made up of one stout curved spine and two smaller ones; endopod a flattened lamina, terminated by a row of short spines. Second maxille with a stout exopod terminating in a long curved claw; endopod shorter, with a tuft of small spines at the end. Maxillipeds with a short and stout basal joint, a swollen second joint, and a slender terminal claw, curved to fit the surface of the second joint and toothed along its inner margin. First four pairs of legs biramose; endopod of the first pair twice the length of the exopod, two-jointed, the basal joint almost four times as long as the terminal, the latter ending in a stout claw and a long slender seta, the former with a long seta on its ventral surface and a shorter one on its outer margin. Exopod of first pair and both rami of the second, third, and fourth legs three-jointed, the spines and sete arranged - 2°66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, as follows: First exopod, HJI—0, IV—5, V—2; second endopod, IlI—1, IV—1, IV—3. Second exopod, II—0, IV—1, IV—4; third endopod, II—1, IlI—1, VI—4; third exopod, I—0, I—1, IV—3; fourth endopod, 0O—1, I1I—0, IV—4. Fourth exopod, I—0, V—0, VI—2. Fifth legs uniramose, lamellar, two-jointed, the basal joint with a single seta on the outer side and expanded on the inner side into a broad lamina terminated by four sete; distal joint narrow oblong, terminated by four slender setz. No females were found with attached egg-cases, but the external opening of the oviducts was single, showing that there can be but a single egg-case. Total length, exclusive of sete, 0.8 mm. Greatest width (first free thorax segment), 0.175 mm. Length of anal sete, 0.425 mm. Color a uniform transparent white, the ovaries and digestive tube somewhat darker in color. Male.—General form similar to that of the female with the follow- ing differences: Cephalon proportionally much longer and wider at its posterior end than any of the succeeding portions of the body. First free segment with a conspicuous indentation on either side near the anterior margin; anal sete only one-third the length of the body. First antenne distinctly hinged, the second and fourth joints meeting on the anterior margin, both of them heavily armed with sete and with a single large esthetask at the distal end of the fourth joint; third jomt seen only on the posterior margin and unarmed. Mouth parts and first legs like those of the female; second, third, and fourth legs with the endopods less distinctly segmented, the last two joints especially being often more or less fused, but with the number of sete and spines practically the same and similarly arranged; fifth legs much smaller than in the female, reduced to a simple tiny process tipped with two short sete. Total length, 0.88 mm. Greatest width (posterior margin of the cephalon), 0.17 mm. Anal sete, 0.33 mm. long. Color like that of the female. (jamaicensis, a native of Jamaica.) These tiny copepods are common on the gills of the white land crab of Jamaica, nearly every specimen examined being infested with them. They cling to the gill filaments with their second antenne and maxil- lipeds, but are dislodged much more easily than the Ergasilide or other small copepods that fasten similarly on the gill filaments of fishes. As many as 25 or 30 may sometimes be obtained from the gills of a smgle crab. In connection with their parasitism upon this host several extremely interesting questions arise which can not be finally settled without considerable further observation. But there NO. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 267 are certain facts already definitely known, and from these we may draw some conclusions: 1. The host is a land crab which lives for 114 months out of the water, and only resorts to the ocean once a year for a week or 10 days, in order that its eggs may hatch into the customary free-swimming zoeas. Hence while its gills are always necessarily moist enough to keep the copepod alive, there is no chance for the latter to do any swimming or to lay its own eggs except during this week or 10 days. This copepod therefore must be content with one breeding season a year, instead of the two or three which its kind ordinarily enjoy. 2. The copepod’s eggs must be ripened and ready to push out into the external sac at the exact time that the crab’s eggs are ready to hatch. Hence the extrusion of the copepod’s eggs, their develop- ment into larve, the escape of the latter in the form of nauplii, their development through the various metanauplius and copepodid or cyclops stages to the adult form, and the fastening of the latter on the gills of a crab host must all be accomplished within the short period that the crabs remain in the ocean. If this be true, such a development is exceptionally rapid and is followed by a whole year of rest before the female can lay her first batch of eggs. If it is not true, the copepod remains a free swimmer during the first year of its existence and then becomes parasitic. It must thus lay its first batch of eggs while swimming about freely or wait two years for that occasion. In all the crabs captured before going into the ocean the female copepods were found to have their oviducts crowded with ripe eggs all ready for extrusion. On the contrary, not a single egg could be found in the oviducts of copepods taken from crabs that had come out of the ocean. 3. This copepod can not move around much on the crab’s gills when the latter is out of the water, and no food can possibly be brought to it. Henceit must feed upon the blood in the gills, the slime that covers them, or something of the sort that can be obtained in sufficient abundancein situ. This means that it is parasitic and not commensal. The peculiar modification of the mandibles into a sort of proboscis or mouth tube and their sharp, toothed tips would corroborate such an inference. 4. It would naturally be supposed that such rigorous conditions could only be met by a copepod belonging to some thoroughly para- sitic family, and we should look for considerable modification as the result of its degenerate habits. But what we really do find is as far removed from this as possible. Oancrincola belongs to a group, the Harpacticoida, which has always been considered to be typical free swimmers, and no member of the group has hitherto been known to live under any other conditions. 268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, It is therefore remarkable that this single exception should depatt so radically from the habits of its relatives. And then, in spite of the parasitism, it is still normally developed like all the other genera in the group and it has lost none of its ability to swim freely. Its life history, when fully worked out, ought to possess unusual interest. PARASITIC OSTRACODS. Very little is known with reference to the habits of the ostracods. The earlier authors like Linneus, Geoffroy, Fabricius, O. F. Miller, Desmarest, and even Milne Edwards give a variety of details with regard to the different genera and species. But they are all content with a very few general observations on their habits and mode of life. Baird (1850) was the first to give us any real knowledge of the food and activities of these entomostracans. But although he said that ‘‘most of the entomostraca are essentially carnivorous,” and gave numerous examples of species which hunt and kill their prey, he made no mention of any ostracod that was parasitic. In Brady’s Report on the Ostracods of the Challenger Expedition nothing is said with regard to their food, but he mentions the fact that the Cypridine ‘‘appear to be most abundant in the warm surface waters of the tropical seas, contributing largely to the phosphores-~ cence of those regions.”” He also calls attention to the fact that only the males can swim, the females lacking the rowing sete on the antenns, and in consequence living at the bottom in the sand or mud (p. 151). G. W. Miiller in his monograph on, the Ostracods, which constitutes the twenty-first volume of the Fauna and Flora of the Bay of Naples, when speaking of their food, mentions finding diatom shells in the stomachs of some species, while he found one-celled alge and the setee of some small crustacea in the stomach of another species. A representative of the genus Macrocypris, kept in captivity, ate freely of small dead copepods, and Conchecia spinirostris had in its stomach the apparent remains of copepods. A young Cypridina mediterranea, while in captivity, ate greedily of a small dead annulate. Such observations as these suggest that a carnivorous ostracod might very well become parasitic under favorable conditions. It would not necessitate very much of a change in habits or structure. And finally, in Lankester’s Treatise on Zoology, Calman, who wrote the volume dealing with the Crustacea (1909), devotes only a few lines to the habits of the ostracods, in which he says: ‘‘None are definitely known to be parasitic, but one species found in the gill chambers of crayfish in North America may be so”’ (p. 67). no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 269 In view of these statements.it will be of special interest to record the discovery of a new species of Cypridina, parasitic upon the gills of several kinds of fish. That the presence of these ostracods on the fishes’ gills was not accidental is abundantly proven by the following considerations: First there were too many of them; one or two or half a dozen might be washed on to the gills of a fish accidentally, but not 40 or 50. Again they were arranged altogether too regularly; in the space be- tween the bases of two adjacent filaments and in contact with the gill arch, there was always a single ostracod, its long diameter at right angles to the gill arch, so that its anterior end projected slightly on one side between the filaments, and its posterior end on the other side. Furthermore the tissues of each filament where they came in con- tact with the shell of the ostracod, were hollowed out in the center and slightly raised around the edges, thus forming a sort of pocket, which held the ostracod securely in place so that it could be removed only with a pair of forceps. This of course is absolute proof that the ostracod was not washed in temporarily, but that it had remained in position long enough to produce this effect on the tissues. In view of such conditions these ostracods may fairly be called parasitic. While it is impossible to see how they can draw any blood from the fish’s gills, yet they certainly share the oxygenated water with which the fish keeps its gills supplied, and they get their food in some way while there. For food they may devour anything that the water contains and brings to them, they may eat scraps of the fish’s food that come their way, or they may feed on the slime with which the fish’s gills are covered. It is impossible to determine at present just what does constitute their diet. CYPRIDINA PARASITICA, new species. Plate 53. Host and record of specimens.—Five lots of this ostracod were ob- tained in all; two of these were taken from the gills of two hammer- head sharks, Sphyrna zygena, on July 9, and include about 50 speci- mens each. They have received the numbers 43581 and 43586. U.S.N.M., and become paratypes of the new species. The third lot contains a single specimen found on the gills of Epinephelus adscen- sionis, August 9, and is numbered 43599, U.S.N.M. The fourth lot contains three specimens taken from the gills of a jack, Caranx crysos, August 1, and is numbered 43604, U.S.N.M. The fifth lot contains 12 specimens and was obtained from the nasal tubes of the hammer-head shark on June 17, and is numbered 43603, U.S.N.M. Type-specumen.—Male, Cat. No. 43508, U.S.N.M., from one of the hammer-head sharks. 270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 44. Male.—Shell subovate, greatest height posterior to the center, ventral and dorsal margins evenly rounded; posterior ‘end ionic by the continued even sweep of the doral margin, but with the lower portion protruding somewhat as in C. mediterranea. Antennal sinus narrow and not very deep, with parallel sides; rostrate process wide, well arched anteriorly, acute at the point and directed down- ward and slightly backward. Eye large and at about the center of the shell dorso-ventrally but considerably in frontof the antero- posterior center. Length of shell, 1.8 mm.; height, 1.15 mm. Antennules rather stout; terminal joint with three long sete of equal length; sensory appendage on the fifth joint long, distinctly ringed and divided at the tip, its secondary filaments short and flattened. Antenne of the usual form, swimming branch bearing nine sete, the basal one much shorter than the others; appendicular branch witha very short basal seta and a long and stout terminal one, carrying a short secondary seta on its inner margin. Hirsute masticatory lobe of the mandibles large and prominent; basal joint of the palp consid- erably swollen; subterminal joint about half the entire length, ter- minal claws stout and of the same size. First maxilla broad and stout, with a long and slender palp, thickly armed with setz at its tip; second maxilla rather slender with broad and flattened sete; vibratory lamina narrow, its sete increasing in length from the tip toward the base; third maxilla wide and stout, vibratory lamina broadly triangular and armed with two long sete at the outer corner and six shorter ones along the basal portion of the anterior margin, with a considerable space between the two devoid of armature. Vermiform leg armed with 10 to 12 very slender cilia along either margin and one or two at the end. Caudal lamina with 14 spines, gradually increasing in length from the base toward the tip, the last three much shorter than the others and of nearly the same length. Female unknown. LIST OF HOSTS, WITH PARASITES FOUND ON EACH. SPHYRNA ZYGNA. Hammerhead shark. Ergasilus myctarothes Wilson, living in the nasal tubes. T eniacanthus flagellans Wilson, from the gill cavities close to the edge of the gill filaments. Lepeophtheirus longispinosus Wilson, from the inside of the gill cavity. Nemesis versicolor Wilson, attached to the gill filaments. Cypridina parasitica Wilson, the ostracod, between the gill filaments at their base. DASYATIS HASTATA. Sting ray. Brachiella concava Wilson, from the gill arches. HEMIRAMPHUS BRASILIENSIS. Balao. Lernzolophus hemiramphi Kréyer, from the mouth opening. EXOCCTUS VOLITANS. Flying fish. Pennelia exoceti (Holten), with its head and anterior body buried in the flesh along theside of the fishs’ body. no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 271 SPHYRZNA BARRACUDA. The barracuda. Caligus productus Dana, from the outside of the body. Caligus isonyz Steenstrup and Liitken, from the gills. Midias lobodes Wilson, from the outside of the body and head. Lernzxolophus striatus Wilson, from the inside of the throat. CARANX HIPPOS. The jack. Caligus tenax Heller, attached to the gill filaments. Lernanthropus giganteus Kr¢yer, attached to the gill filaments and arches. CARANX CRYSOS. The yellow jack. Pseudoeucanthus uniseriatus Wilson, from the gills and mouth cavity. Caligus tenax Heller, from the mouth. Caligus robustus Bassett-Smith, from the gill filaments. Lernanthropus giganteus Kréyer, from the gills. Cypridina parasitica Wilson, the ostracod, between the gill filaments at their base. CORYPHNA HIPPURUS. The dolphin. Caligus productus Dana, from the outside surface of the body. Euryphorus coryphenz Kré¢yer, from the gills. EPINEPHELUS ADSCENSIONIS. The rock hind. Sagum flagellatum, a new genus and species, attached to the gill arch. Hatschekia insolita Wilson, fastened to the outside of the gill filaments. Hatschekia uncata Wilson, fastened between the gill filaments at their base. EPINEPHELUS MORIO. The red grouper. Lepeophtheirus dissimulatus Wilson, from the outside surface. MYCTEROPERCA VENENOSA APUA. The cardenal or poison grouper. Dentigryps curtus, anew genus and species, found in the mouth and gill cavities. SERRANUS (species not given). Lernanthropus angulatus Kr¢yer, found on the gills. Therodamas serrani Kréyer, also from the gills. NEOMZENIS AYA. The red snapper. Caligus irritans Heller, from the gill filaments. Paralebion curticaudis Wilson, from the gill arches. Lernanthropus frondeus Wilson, from the gill filaments. Hatschekia oblonga Wilson, also from the gill filaments. Thysanote longimana Wilson, from the outside of the throat. NEOMZNIS SYNAGRIS. The lane snapper. Lernanthropus spiculatus Wilson and Hatschekia albirubra Wilson, both from the gill filaments. HZMULON SCIURUS. The yellow grunt. Caligus hemulonis Kréyer, from the gills. OCYURUS CHRYSURUS. The yellow-tail. Lernanthropus obscurus Wilson, and Hatschekia albirubra Wilson, both from the gill filaments. BATHYSTOMA RIMATOR. The red-mouthed grunt. Caligus robustus Bassett-Smith, from the gills. Hatschekia linearis Wilson, also from the gills. Clavella inversa Wilson, from the gill cavity. ABUDEFDUF SAXATILIS. The sheepshead. Bomolochus nothrus Wilson, from the gill cavity. SPARISOMA VIRIDE. The green parrot-fish. Caligus afurcatus Wilson, fastened in the spaces between adjacent filaments. Caligus enormis Wilson, clinging to the inside of the gill filaments. SCARUS CC@RULEUS. The blue parrot-fish. Caligus suffuscus Wilson, from the mouth cavity. Lernzolophus recurvus Wilson, fastened to the gill arches. HARPE RUFA. The Spanish lady-fish. Lepeophtheirus cossyphi Kréyer, from the gills. POMACANTHUS ARCUATUS. The black angel-fish. Anuretes parvulus Wilson, from the gill filaments. TEUTHIS HEPATUS. The doctor-fish. Caligus atromaculatus Wilson from the gills. Hatschekia linearis Wilson, attached to the gill filaments. Clavella laciniata Krdyer, from the skin of the roof of the mouth. BALISTES VETULA. The trigger-fish. Caligus productus Dana, from the outside surface of the body. Caligus balistz Steenstrup and Liitken, from the mouth cavity and the fins, at PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44. POMACANTHUS PARU. The Indian or flat-fish. Thysanote pomacanthi Kr¢yer, from the gills. MONACANTHUS HISPIDUS. The file-fish. Caligus monecanthi Kr¢yer, from the outside skin. ALEUTERA SCRIPTA. The tobacco-fish. Bomolochus nothrus Wilson, from the gill filaments. SPHEROIDES MARMORATUS. The spiny-backed puffer. Tuccaimpressus Krdyer, from the pectoral fins. DIODON HYSTRIX. The porcupine-fish. Tucca impressus Kréyer, from the pectoral fins. Hatschekia iridescens Wilson, from the gill filaments. CHILOMYCTERUS ANTENNATUS. The spiny puffer. Ergasilus longipalpus Wilson, from the gill filaments. Tucca impressus Kr¢yer, from the pectoral fins. SCORPZNA PLUMIERI. The scorpion-fish. Bomolochus attenuatus Wilson, and Artacolar palleucus Wilson, both atiached to the gill filaments. CARDISOMA GUANHUMI. The white land crab. Cancrincola jamaicensis, a new genus and species, from the gills. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 18. Females of Ergasilus longipalpus, and Ergasilus myctarothes. Fig. 1. Dorsal view of E. longipalpus. Fig. 2. Mouth parts; md, mandibles; mz and mz”, firstand second maxille. Figs. 3 to 6. First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs. Fig. 7. Dorsal view of E. myctarothes. Fig. 8. Mouth parts. Fig. 9. Ventral view of abdomen. Figs. 10 to 12. First, third, and fourth swimming legs. PLATE 19. Male and female of Bomolochus nothrus. Fig. 13. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 14. Second antenna. Fig. 15. Mouth parts; 1b, upper lip; md, mandible; mx! and mz, first and second maxille; mxp, maxilliped. Figs. 16 to 20. First, second, third, fourth, and fifth swimming legs. Fig. 21. One of the claws on the exopods of the legs of the male. PLATE 20. Male of Bomolochus nothrus. Fig. 22. Dorsal view. Fig. 23. Mouth parts; an’, second antenne, other lettering as before. Figs. 24 to 27. First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs. PuaTeE 21. Female of Bomolochus attenuatus. Fig. 28. Dorsal view. Fig. 29. Second antenna. Fig. 30. Mouth parts, lettering as in fig. 15. Figs. 31 to 34. First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs. PLATE 22. Male and fc male of Artacolar palleucus,. sh yoa9 ‘ Fig. 35. Dorsal view of male au 6. 36 to 38. First, third, and fourth, swimming legs. Fig. 39. Dorsal view of fethale. Figs. 40 and 41. First and second swim- ming legs. No. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 273 PLATE 23. Mouth parts and swimming legs of Artacolax palleucus. Figs. 42 and 43. Third and fourth swimming legs of female. Fig. 44. Mouth parts offemale. Fig. 45. Mouth parts of male. (For lettering, see fig. 15.) PLATE 24. Female of Pseudoeucanthus uniseriatus. Fig. 46. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 47. Second antenna. Fig. 48. Mouth parts. Figs. 49 to 53. First, second, third, fourth, and fifth swimming legs. PLaTE 25. Female of Txniacanthus flagellans, and leg of Caligus irritans. Fig. 54. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 55. First antenna. Fig. 56. Mouth paris. (For lettering, see fig. 15.) Figs. 57 to 60. First, second, third, and fourth swim- ming legs. Fig. 61. Side view of female, showing how the cephalon projects at right angles to the rest of the body. Fig. 62. Fourth leg of Caligus irritans. PLATE 26. Female of Caligus tenax. Fig. 63. Dorsal view. Fig. 64. Second antenne and maxillary hooks. Fig. 65. Maxilliped. Figs. 66 to 69. First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs. Fig. 70. Second antenna and maxillary hook of male. (For lettering, see fig. 15.) PLATE 27. Male and female of Caligus irritans. Fig. 71. Dorsal view of male. Fig. 72. Second antenna, maxillary hook, maxilla maxilliped, and furca of male. Fig. 73. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 74. Second antenna, maxillary hook, first maxilla, and mouth tube of female. Fig. 75. Maxilli- ped. Fig. 76. Furca. Figs. 77 to 79. First, second, and third swimming legs. Fig. 80. Cement glands, ventral view. PLATE 28. Male and female of Caligus robustus. Fig. 81. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 82. Second antenna, maxillary hook, and first maxilla. Fig. 83. Furca. Fig. 84. Maxilliped. Figs. 85 to 88. First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs. Fig. 89. Dorsal view of male. Fig. 90. Maxilliped. Fig. 91. Fourth swimming leg. PLATE 29. Female of Caligus atromaculatus, and male and female of Caligus tenazx. Fig. 92. Dorsal view of female of C. atrom ‘us. Fig. 93. Second antenna and first maxilla. Fig. 94. Maxilliped. Fig. 9 rea. Figs. 96 to 98. First, second, and fourth swimming legs. Fig. 99. Dorsa: view of male of C. tenax. Fig. 100. Furea. Fig. 101. Cement glands of female C. tenar. 69077 °—Proe.N.M.vol.44—13——18 974 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44. PuaTE 30. Females of Caligus afurcatus, and C. suffuscus. Fig. 102. Dorsal view of female of C. afurcatus. Fig. 103. Second antenna, max- illary hook, and first maxilla. Fig. 104. Maxilliped. Fig. 105. Third swimming leg. Fig. 106. Cement glands. Fig. 107. Dorsal view of female of C. suffuscus. Fig. 108. Second antenna and maxillary hook. Fig. 109. First maxilla. Fig. 110. Maxilliped. Fig. 111. Furea. Figs. 112 to 115. First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs. PLATE 31. Male and female of Caligus enormis. Fig. 116. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 117. Second antenna and maxillary hook. Fig. 118. First and second maxille and mouth tube. Figs.119 to 122. First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs. Fig. 123. Dorsal view of male. Fig. 124. Second antenna and maxillary hook. Fig. 125. Maxilliped of male. Fig. 126. Maxilliped of female. PLATE 32. Female of Dentigryps curtus, and swimming legs of Caligus afurcatus. Fig. 127. Dorsal view of female of Dentigryps curtus. Fig. 128. Second antenna and maxillary hook. Fig. 129. Mouth tube and first maxilla. Fig. 130. Maxilli- ped. Fig. 131. Furea. Figs. 132 to 134. First, third, and fourth swimming legs. Fig. 135. Ventral view of posterior end of genital segment and abdomen. Figs. 136 to 138. First, second, and fourth swimming legs of Caligus afurcatus. PLATE 33. Female of Anuretes parvulus, and of Lernanthropus giganteus. Fig. 139. Dorsal view of Anuretes parvulus. Fig. 140. First antenna. Fig. 141. Second antenna. Fig. 142. First maxilla and mouth tube. Fig. 143. Maxilliped. Figs. 144 to 146. First, second, and third swimming legs. Fig. 147. Ventral view of genital segment and abdomen. Fig. 148. Ventral view of cephalothorax of female Lernanthropus giganteus. Fig. 149. Ventral view of genital segment and abdomen of same, showing fifth leg and attachment of spermatophore (sp.). Fig. 150. Same view of another specimen, showing irregular arrangement of eggs. PLATE 34. Female of Paralebion curticaudis. Fig. 151. Dorsal view. Fig. 152. Second antenna, maxillary hook and first maxilla. Fig. 153. Second maxilla. Fig. 154. Maxilliped. Fig. 155. Furca. Figs. 156 to 159. First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs. Fig. 160. Ventral view of genital segment, showing cement glands. Fig. 161. Posterior lobe of genital segment, show- ing fifth leg and origin of egg-tube. PLATE 35. Male and female of Lernanthropus giganteus. Fig. 162. Dorsal view of female. Figs. 163 and 164. First and second swimming legs. Fig. 165. Dorsal view of male. Fig. 166. Second antenne. Fig. 167. Mouth tube, maxille, maxilliped, and first and second swimming legs of male. no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 275 PLATE 36. Male and female of Lernanthropus frondeus. Fig. 168. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 169. Second antenna. Fig. 170. Mouth tube and first maxille. Fig. 171. Maxilliped. Fig. 172. Ventral view of genital segment and abdomen, showing leaf-like fifth legsandanallamine. Figs. 173and 174. First and second swimming legs. Fig. 175. Dorsal view of male. Fig. 176. First antenna. Fig. 177. Maxilliped. PLATE 37. Male and female of Lernanthropus obscurus. Fig. 178. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 179. Second antenna. Figs. 180 and 181. First and second swimming legs. Fig. 182. Dorsal view of male. Fig. 183. Mouth tube, mouth parts, and swimming legs of female. (m, mouth; 1, first swimming leg; 2, second swimming leg. For other lettering see fig. 15.) Fig. 184. Same of male. (For lettering see fig. 183.) PLATE 38. Female of Lernanthropus spiculatus new species, and Nemesis versicolor. Fig. 185. Dorsal view. Fig. 186. Second antenna. Fig. 187. Mouth tube and first and second maxille. Fig. 188. Maxilliped. Fig. 189. Ventral view, showing swimming legs. Fig. 190. Second antenna of Nemesis versicolor. Figs. 191 to 194. First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs of same. PLATE 39. Female of Sagum flagellatum. Fig. 195. Dorsal view. Fig. 196. Ventral view. Fig. 197. First and second anten- nz, mouth parts, and swimming legs, enlarged. (an', first antenna; an?, second antenna; 1, first swimming leg; 2, second swimming leg; other lettering as before.) Fig. 198. One of the fourth swimming legs, showing structure. Fig. 199. Ventral view genital segment and abdomen. Puate 40. Male and female of Nemesis versicolor. Fig. 200. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 201. Second maxilla. Fig. 202. Dorsal view of male. Fig. 203. First and second antenne. Fig. 204. First and second maxillz and maxilliped. Fig. 205 to 208. First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs. PLATE 41. Female of Hatschekia albirubra, and H. tridescens. Fig. 209. Dorsal view of female of H. albirubra. Fig. 210. Firstantenna. Fig. 211. Second antenna. Fig. 212. First maxilla. Fig. 213. Maxilliped. Figs. 214 and 215. First and second swimming legs. Fig. 216. Nauplius of H. iridescens. Fig.217. First antenna of female H. iridescens. Fig. 218. Mouth tube and maxilla. Fig. 219. Maxilliped. Iligs. 220 and 221. First and second swimming legs. PLATE 42. Females of Hatschekia oblonga, and of H. insolita. Fig. 222. Dorsal view of female H. oblonga. Fig. 223. Second antenna. Fig. 224. Maxilliped. Figs. 225 and 226. First and second swimming legs. Fig. 227. Dorsa] view of female H. insolita. Fig. 228. Second antenna. Fig. 229. Mouth tube and first maxilla. Fig. 230. Maxilliped. Figs. 231 and 232. First and second swimming legs. 276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. Puate 43. Female of Hatschekia uncata. Fig. 233. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 234. Second antenna. Fig. 235. Maxilliped. Fig. 236. Mouth tube and maxille. Figs. 237 and 238. First and second swimming legs. Fig. 239. Fused genital segment and abdomen. PLATE 44. Female of Hatschekia linearis, and male of H. iridescens. Fig. 240. Dorsal view of female of H. linearis. Fig. 241. First antenne. Fig. 242. Maxilla and maxilliped. Fig. 243. Second antenna. Figs. 244 and 245. First and second swimming legs. Fig. 246. Ventral view, showing oviducts, cement glands, and fused genital segment and abdomen. Fig. 247. Dorsal view of male H. iridescens. PLATE 45. Female of Hatschekia iridescens. Fig. 248. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 249. First antenna of male. Fig. 250. Second antenna of female. Fig. 251. Second antenna of male. Fig. 252. Maxilliped of female. Figs. 253 and 254. First and second swimming legs of male. Fig. 255. Ventral view of female, showing cement glands (c. g.), oviducts (ov.), spermatophore (sp.), and sperm receptacle (s. 7.). PLATE 46. Female of Lernxolophus recurvus. Fig. 256. Side view of young female. Fig. 257. Ventral view of head and upper portion of thorax, showing mouth parts and swimming legs. (Ja, underlip; other lettering as before.) Fig. 258. Diagonal view of head and mouth parts. (Lettering as before.) Fig. 259. Side view of adult female, showing branched processes and the densely matted dichotomous processes of the abdomen. PLATE 47. Fomale of Lernxolophus striatus, and Thysanote longimana. Fig. 260. Dorsal view of L. striatus. Fig. 261. Ventral view of cephalothorax, showing mouth parts and swimming legs. (Lettering as before.) Fig. 262. Side view of male of 7. longimana, showing antenne and mouth parts. (Lettering as before.) Fig. 263. Second antenna of female. Fig. 264. Maxilliped of female. PLATE 48. Male and female of Thysanote longimana. Fig. 265. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 266. Ventral view of head, showing mouth tube and maxille. Fig. 267. First antenna. Fig. 268. Maxilla. Fig. 269. Side view of male. PLATE 49. Male and female of Clavella laciniata Fig. 270. Side view of female. Fig. 271. Second antenna. Fig. 272. Maxilla. Fig. 273. Maxillined. Fig. 274. Side view of male. no. 1950. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF FISH AND CRABS—WILSON. 277 Puate 50. * Female of Clavella inversa, and male of Cancrincola jamaicensis. Fig. 275. Side view of female. Fig. 276. Front view of cephalothorax, showing mouth tube and mouth parts (above), and second maxille (below). Fig. 277. Base o second maxille, enlarged, showing maxillary glands. Fig. 278. Ventral view of head. (Lettering as before.) Fig. 279. Maxilla. Fig. 280. Maxilliped. Fig. 281. Fourth swimming leg of male of Cancrincola jamaicensis, new genus and species. Puate 51. Cancrincola jamaicensis, and female of Brachiella concava. Figs. 282 and 283. Third swimming leg of male and fifth swimming leg of female, Cancrincola jamaicensis. Fig. 284. Side view of female Brachiella concava. Fig. 285. Dorsal view of genital segment of same, showing posterior processes. Figs. 286 and 287. Side and ventral views of anterior part of head, showing antenne and mouth parts. (Lettering as before.) Fig. 288. Maxilliped. PLATE 52. Male and female of Cancrincola jamaicensis. Fig. 289. Dorsal view of male. Fig. 290. Firstantenna. Fig. 291. Fifth swimming leg. Fig. 292. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 293. First antenna. Fig. 294. Second antenna. Fig. 295. Mandible. Fig. 296. First maxilla. Fig. 297. Second maxilla. Fig. 298. Maxilliped. Figs. 299 to 302. First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs. PLATE 53. Male of Cypridina parasitica. Fig. 303. Side view of male. Fig. 304. First antenna. Figs. 305 and 306. Second antenna, dorsal and ventral views. Fig. 307. Mandible. Fig. 308. First maxilla. Fig. 309. Second maxilla. Fig. 310. Third maxilla. Fig. 311. Vermiform swimming leg, and caudal lamina. ‘ me ; AGT a IF , Eat ft 4 TEU tid'cs (CA OR ARP RUE AieeoLe, Wy Dh eb iy { varia fad (bea j she RAY) hae tr ed ’ rly rants wa ‘pax NY win ae Ts Py Lis. i 2. ial f LS PAA? Uy a id nt f | : : ri VB ll uh = la Saye * ' U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 18 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 272. aed Ds foe Ta 4 q488 tae U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 19 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 272. wee ita ee). ‘7% & U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 20 Ce a yo Y / yyy) S LY. 0.2mm. 27 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 272, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 21 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 272. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL, 22 oeats ery } RY on | ine /}}/ ARTIS See YP ceciararee VTL Lf aE CLE LI Se SOIT U CAL ENI ON MM fj 36 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 272, hab ’ *¢s ipa ») ci onl \a Tat U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 23 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 273. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 24 bit) : alr } \| . i mune ¢ al f Oe ee ORT oot pie ; CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 273. . eA eek fa he” U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL, 25 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 273. 7s = + re = oo ed i —- aS: PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 26 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 67 Mug Cre, G BOLTS CCH ~mx'. \ 1 a : — —— Imm. (> S ay ———s aa .———-9 69 — 7 —| — — —! —= 9 \$ =, = 4 ——— — — —~ a —s ——— -—— —=— a = 1 ») J | / ) — ——— 4 Sy) — J =) K 7 ay CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 273, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 27 id S41 S Le LQ? Ki OP IRI re pr _ Ny \ Giraron Fa ne s CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 273. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 28 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 273. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 29 ¥ i $ S a ae = > Rian o ns as ie Se i ones petit x, - & i "x ne" a Sa of , A. ‘gh \ : ye oe MF eee A \ oe. tine h A ‘ eR, sf ss 7 i os S ar, e CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 273. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 30 109 __ . CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 274. a a £6 6 7. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL, 31 ff ] CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 274. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 32 Va R ee 130 SS 138 137 136 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 274, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 33 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 274, a 7 “iN nae] (| ! ; ee ae U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 34 qT AAU | 155 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 274, * i § int an aa vA a s rei.¢ F - had 7 si i t % —- 1s i ; ; (2 7 : ~3 ae ~ —_ ; ; d 7 e = , . ' ; an, < . « Las - U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 35 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 274, f (ae ap leis PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 36 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM = = a CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 275. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 37 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 275- " i. ae 2 . be = 2¢ ; 5 at ’ : ¢ ve i a 7 = 5 4 \ , F } ‘ a) a x, f sie at 7 _ HT; ‘ a . “se ; :s f ‘ - Ms > eas a >t 7 te ye. > f * - ad | rm mls he ~ 2 = / 7 “4 i { Y ’ ~ | \ } Bre ag » > = oe ir. 7 Mi 1 wir 4 ’ = mae! i pal | ‘ - M i : s : / “ = re o fe : i: - . ) vi 4 \ 4 S & ‘ ~ 7. ¥ ; liars ; i . s r ak “= ‘ i : ’ . y I 1G ‘ £ . . " - . U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 38 189 187 2 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 275. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 39 CEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. CRUSTA FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 275. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 40 1mm. wN my, Tan’ ~~ aa iN a io TLL aante cum nm Q \ CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 275. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 41 221 213 ¢ 220 | 215 ‘ 2il 214 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. 219 FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 275. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 42 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 275. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 43 SSS CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 276. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 44 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. 76. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 2 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 45 292 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 276, 2 —— > a . 7 ia U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 46 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 276. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 47 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 276. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 48 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 276. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 49 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 276. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 50 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 277. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 51 CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 277. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 52 NOR a = ET Tt Oe CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN CRABS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 277, - U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 53 ee | 1mm. CRUSTACEAN PARASITES OF WEST INDIAN FISHES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 277. oy © ap DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW LEPIDOPTERA, CHIEFLY FROM MEXICO. . By. Harrison G. Dyar, Custodian of Lepidoptera, United States National Museum. The following descriptions are in continuation of those already published on the Mexican fauna.t. A few species are included from nearby regions, or which are especially allied to Mexican species here mentioned: Family NYMPHALID/. Genus PHYCIODES Hubner. PHYCIODES NATALCES, new species. Fore wing with an emargination below the middle of the outer margin; black, the base variegated with rufous; spots buff; a small one in the cell, followed by a vertical rufous streak; a curved row of three beyond the cell, with an obscure one above near costa; a square spot between veins 2 and 3 with a little spot above and below, fol- lowed by a little rufous spot; two spots below vein 2, one near its origin, the other outwardly placed; another similarly placed spot above vein 4; a faint submarginal row of crescents, of which only the two central ones are distinct. Hind wing with the base varie- gated with rufous streaks, two curved ones on the cell being promi- nent; an outer mesial buff band, narrowly cut by the veins, not reaching costa or margin; beyond it a narrow rufous line, cut by the veins; a submarginal row of narrow crescents; fringe crenulate, whitish tipped. Beneath the basal third of fore wing is whitish, variegated with brown lines, with an irregular curved black line shortly before the termination of the pate arc; outer two-thirds of the ground black; a broad pale bar in end of cell with digitate outer margin; spots repeated, enlarged, white, scarcely cut by the veins; a narrow pale line joining the large median spot to costa; termen shaded with whitish and rufous, cut by black shades subapically and 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, pp. 229-273; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, pp. 39-106. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSsEuM, VoL. 44—No. 1951. 279 280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44. at tornus. Hind wing with the ground whitish, tinged with rufous; base variegated with brown and rufous lines; a narrow mesial black line across the wing in irregular course, separating the basal varie- gated area from the outer one; a submarginal row of broad crescents, edged within by black and followed by the brown termen, obscured by a black cloud between veins 5 and 6; an outer mesial row of black spots, faintly surrounded by rufous; a black cloud on costa in the mesial area. Expanse, 39 mm. Type.—Female, No. 14487, U.S.N.M., Rascon, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). Family HESPERIIDA. Genus THESPIEUS Godman and Salvin. THESPIEUS DALMANI GUERRERONIS, new subspecies, Differs from Thespieus dalmani Latreille principally in the size of the brown spot on the hind wings below, which is large, triangular, its lower angle reaching as far as the end of the inner white spot. Cotypes.—Three males, No. 14488, U.S.N.M., Baleas, Gurrero, 1,500 feet, August, 1906; Iguala, Guerrero, 2,400 feet, June, 1906; Naranjo, Guerrero, Mexico, 3,000 feet, August, 1906 (W. Schaus). THESPIEUS CACAJO, new species. Bronzy black above, yellowish shaded at the bases of the wings; spots yellowish hyaline; discal spot square, constricted centrally; three small wedge-shaped spots below the costa at outer fourth; three oblique spots below, the upper two quadrate, middle one large, lower one wedge-shaped; male with a long narrow brand, cut into two segments by vein 2. Hind wing with three spots on the disk, divided only by the veins, narrowing toward apex and without any following yellow shades. Beneath the spots are repeated; fore wing with a broad ferruginous yellow stain beyond the subapical spots, followed by a purplish line; hind wing with mottled purplish shading across the disk within the middle; a large brown triangular spot below the hyaline spots, edged narrowly with purplish; three ferruginous-red spots beyond the hyaline spots, separated by the veins. Expanse, 36-40 mm. Cotypes.—Two males, one female, No. 14489, U.S.N.M., Naranjo, Guerrero, Mexico, 3,000 feet, August, 1906 (W. Schaus); Cuernavaca, Mexico, August, 1906 (W. Schaus). THESPIEUS ZAOVINIA, new species. Black, the wings a little bronzy, especially toward base; spots whitish hyaline; discal spot large, strongly constricted; three small subapical elongate quadrate spots, the middle one moved inward “NO. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 981 out of line; three lower outer spots, the upper two quadrate, middle one large, lower one minute. Hind wing with five small spots across the disk in an irregular row, the upper two separated only by a vein. Beneath the markings are repeated; the hind wings are washed with dense gray irrorations; there is a whitish costal spot beyond the middle, not shown above, two spots within it across the disk and another subbasal below vein 8. Expanse, 35 mm. Type.—One male, No. 14490, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miiller). This species is close to 7’. ovinia Hewitson, but the subapical spots of the fore wing are not in line and the spots on the hind wing below are narrow. Genus AMBLYSCIRTES Scudder. AMBLYSCIRTES TUTOLIA, new species. Black, slightly bronzy, the fringes pale outwardly; the fore wing has asmall elliptical yellowish spot in the outer lower part of the cell; three small costo-subapical spots and asmall spot below above vein 3; male with a narrow oblique black brand. Beneath the spots are repeated, increased in number, the fore wing having a row of seven beyond the cell-spot, the fourth and fifth projected outward, the seventh an oblique dash; brand repeated, surrounded by black; a broad light yellow shade above vein 1, beginning at the middle of the wing and spreading outwardly. Hind wing below brownish black, with eight spots in a broad circle and a central one in the cell, all small, whitish, elliptical. Expanse, 32 mm. Type—One male, No. 14491, U.S.N.M., Sierra de Guerrero, Mex- ico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus STAPHYLUS Godman and Salvin. STAPHYLUS HOLAPHEGGES, new species. Black above, slightly bronzy, without markings; brown-black below. Palpi grayish beneath, having white scales intermixed; abdomen with the venter gray with central black line. Expanse, 22 mm. Cotypes.—Five specimens, No. 14492, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, July, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus ARGOPTERON Watson. ARGOPTERON DIVIDUUM, new species. Black; fore wings with yellow-hyaline spots; a square one in the end of the cell separated by the median vein from a larger one below, of which the lower portion is cut by vein 2; three small costo- subapical spots, fused, separated only by the veins; a small spot below above vein 3. Hind wing with a large spot beyond the cell, 282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44, its lower tip cut by a vein; a wedge-shaped spot below, succeeded by a smaller one; fringe irregularly marked with yellow. Beneath the fore wing is grayish black, the spots repeated, the apical margin washed with bronzy reddish, cut by dark veins. Hind wing all washed with bronzy reddish, the spots repeated, yellow and in addition a long one in base of cell and subcostal one above it; a row of blackish spots subcostally outwardly, continued in a faint double submarginal row around the wing; subterminal area a little lighter and cut by darker veins. Expanse, 26-30 mm. Cotypes.—Six specimens, No. 14493, U.S.N.M., Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller); Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico, 2,400 feet, June, 1906 (W. Schaus); Naranjo, Guerrero, Mexico, 3,000 feet, August, 1906 (W. Schaus). Genus MEGATHYMUS Scudder. MEGATHYMUS RETHON, new species. Black, with a slight blue luster; fore wing with one small, faint, whitish subcosto-subapical spot—no other markings; fringe check- ered black and white. Hind wing with the fringe white, narrowly cut by black at the ends of the veins, the white color spreading up on the margin of the wing, especially centrally. Fore wing beneath as above, except that there are three closely crowded costo-subapical whitish spots. The hind wings have a slight grayish cast, especially submarginally in faint spots and terminally, the fringe white, cut by black as on the upper side, but there is a narrow terminal black line distinctly separating the fringe, which is not present above. Ex- panse, 50 mm. Type.—No. 14494, U.S.N.M., Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). Family SATURNIIDA. Genus HYLESIA Hubner. HYLESIA SUBAUREA Schaus. Hylesia subaurea Scuaus, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 8, 1900, p. 227, female. Hylesia coadjutor Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 15, 1907, p. 51, male. H. coadjutor is probably the male of H. subaurea. The sexes in this genus are often very dissimilar, but there is a certain general resemblance between these two types which suggests that they may be conspecific. Both come from the same locality. HYLESIA IOLA, new species. Male.—Carneous brown; thorax darker and more ocherous, the front, orbits, and legs shaded with crimson; abdomen black above, with long ocherous hairs. Fore wing with two rigid lines, a little curved, brown with inner whitish edging, shortly and sharply bent No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 283 at costa; a faint dark discal cloud; traces of a pale waved submar- ginal line. Hind wing crimson tinted on the disk, with a discal dull crimson thick annulus; traces of a dull crimson submarginal band. Expanse, 45 mm. Female.—Thorax above and below and both wings dull crimson; abdomen black above, ocher brown beneath. Fore wing with traces of the outer band, of which the pale inner edging is most distinct; traces of the pale waved submarginal line. Hind wing with discal small dull crimson annulus faintly shown, much smaller than in the male. Expanse, 54 mm. Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 14689, U.S.N.M., Mexico City, Mexico, December, 1909 (R. Miller). HYLESIA COINOPUS, new species. Purplish brown; body parts ocher brown; feet concolorous, with out any crimson tint. Both wings with rounded dark discal marks, diffused but distinct; an outer pale band, wavy in the male, straighter in the female, faint on the hind wing in the male and absent in the female; traces of a wavy submarginal whitish line. Expanse, 35-48 mm. Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 14690, U.S.N.M., Coatepec, Mexico, August, 1911 (W. Gugelmann). Larva.—Head rounded, higher than wide, smooth, shining, ma- hogany brown, the sutures paler; secondary hairs white, rather nu- merous below, but fine and not conspicuous. Body cylindrical, smaller in front, yellowish, thickly dotted with black, leaving wavy addorsal and subdorsal, and straight lateral and subventral lines of the ground color and forming broken narrow transverse black lines deep in the segmental incisures. Venter and bases of feet pale; feet reddish, thoracic feet pale brown. Spines with the shafts weak and soft, pale, subdorsal row with single median spine on joints 12 and 13, those on joint 2 long but like the others in color and structure; lateral row about like the subdorsal; subventral row shorter. The adult resembles H. continua Walker, as determined by W. Schaus, but is larger, more rosy, and the whitish transverse lines are much more distinct. Family CITHERONIIDA. Genus SISPHYNX Hubner. SISPHYNX MODENA, new species. Center of thorax and more or less of dorsum of abdomen dark ocher; patagia pale purplish; body below creamy white. Fore wing yellow with orange tint, very slightly freckled with brown; inner line curved, outer oblique and straight from apex to middle of inner mar- gin, both pale brown; one or two small white discal dots, surrounded 984 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, by a brownish cloud; in the male the basal and terminal spaces are filed in with pale purplish. Hind wing pale yellow with a dark crimson patch on basal half of inner margin, in the male forming also a small spot at end of cell. Expanse, male 54 mm.; female 70 mm. Cotypes.—Three males, one female, No. 15218, U.S.N.M., Cuerna- vaca, Mexico, June, 1906 (W. Schaus), June, 1912 (R. Miller). Family SYNTOMIDA. Genus EUROTA Walker. EUROTA DESCINTES, new species. Black; collar with white point at side; fore coxe marked with white; fore femora fringed with crimson; abdomen with lateral row of elliptical white spots, and a small sublateral row, the ventral valve of the male narrowly edged with white, anal tuft crimson; antenne with white at the tip; fore wing with the costa swollen at base, containing an elongate whitish hyaline spot; a white point at base; a quadrate spot below the costal mark, two near the middle of the wing and a row of four pyriform ones before apex. Hind wing with a spot near base and a large quadrate one outwardly, with a small spot below it. Expanse, 46-51 mm. Cotypes.—F ive males, five females, No. 14691, U.S.N.M., Morelos, Mexico, 7,000 feet, 1906 (W. Schaus). Near E£. vulcanus Walker, but the fore legs only with a red fringe, the white markings smaller throughout and the swelling at base of costa larger. Family LITHOSITID. Genus PTYCHOGLENE Felder. PTYCHOGLENE STENODORA, new species. Black, with slight blue reflection; fore wing with a vermillion subcostal stripe, widening outwardly from base and terminating a little obliquely halfway between cell and margin. Hind wing with a costal stripe terminating before apex. Beneath the whole of the fore wing is red except a narrow costal stripe and broad outer mar- gin; hind wing with the red area only a little wider than above. Expanse, 36 mm. Cotypes.—Two females, No. 14300, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, June, 1910 (R. Miller). Family ARCTIIDA. Genus EUCHAETIAS Lyman. EUCHAETIAS CRESSIDA, new species. Head pale gray in front, orange on the vertex. Abdomen orange above, white with a gray tint below, with dorsal and lateral rows of No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 285 black spots. Thorax white with a gray tint. Wings white, shining, the fore wing gray beneath. Expanse, 33 mm. Type.—One male, No. 14461, U.S.N.M., Cerritos, San Luis Potosi, August, 1911 (R. Miiller). EUCHAETIAS RHADIA, new species. Dark gray; abdomen crimson above with small dorsal black spots and lateral dashes, whitish below in the male, gray in the female. Fore wing gray, with a very slight brown tint and hardly any white dusting. Hind wing darker, purer gray in the male, dark, almost blackish in the female. Expanse, 32-42 mm. Cotypes.—Two males, one female, No. 14462, U.S.N.M., Mexico ? (J. Doll); Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). This appears to be Hampson’s subspecies 1 of EF. expressa H. Ed- wards, but I am inclined to regard the form as specifically distinct. EUCHAETIAS EPAGOGA, new species. Light gray, the neck pink, the fore coxe touched with pink. Abdomen crimson above with dorsal and lateral black spots, white below in the male, gray in the female, Fore wing very light gray, almost white in ground, but thickly dusted with gray scales, leaving an indistinct outer pale band. Hind wing pale gray in the male, though a little darker than the fore wing, still darker in the female and showing considerably darker than the fore wing in that sex. Expanse, 35-42 mm. > Cotypes.—Two males, one female, No. 14463, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, August, 1911, September, 1910 (R. Miller); Oaxaca, Mexico (Schaus collection). This is not quite so light in color as E. mitis Schaus (which is Hampson’s subspecies 2 of H. expressa H. Edwards), which has the hind wings nearly pure white in the male, but the fore wings are less densely powdered than in mitis and consequently appear lighter. E. mitis occurs in Costa Rica. Genus CALIDOTA Dyar. CALIDOTA CALOSOMA, new species. Thorax light yellow, the patagia streaked with ocher, disk crimson; vertex of head ocher, front fuscous. Abdomen crimson at the base, then slaty gray, the anal tuft ocher; pleure and pectus crimson; legs slate gray; antenne nearly black. Wings rather thinly scaled and semitranslucent; fore wing uniform gray; hind wing a little paler and decidedly translucent over the discal area. Expanse, 46 mm. Type.—One male, No. 14460, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico, Septem- ber, 1911 (R. Miller). 286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, Genus AMMALO Walker. AMMALO TENEROSA, new species. White, the head, fore coxe, collar and base of costa of fore wings ocherous; fore tibize gray; abdomen ocher above except at base with a row of small dorsal black spots and smaller lateral ones. Expanse, 31 mm. Type.—Male, No. 15219, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, May, 1912 (R. Miiller). Genus AMASTUS Walker. AMASTUS EDAPHUS, new species. Head and thorax gray-brown, collar with two black points and a point near base of each patagium; abdomen ocher dorsally, gray below; legs gray, fore tibize ocher with blue-gray tips. Fore wing gray-brown, mottled, costa and submarginal area lighter; a narrow indistinct light discal mark, Hind wing ocher, cell and below gray, the gray area running out to outer margin, widening to below vein 3. Expanse, 75 mm. Type.—Male, No. 15220, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, June, 1912 (R. Miller). EPIMOLIS, new genus. Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head. Fore wing with vein 3 well before the angle of the cell, 4, 5 near the angle, 6 from apex of cell, 7 to 10 stalked, 10 beyond 7, 11 from the cell. Hind wing with vein 2 before angle of cell, 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent, 6, 7 coinci- dent, long-stalked with 8. Type-species.— Epimolis zatrephica, new species. EPIMOLIS ZATREPHICA, new species. Head yellow above, crimson below, the palpi yellow in front; collar yellow; disk purplish, the patagia yellow at base and with a narrow inner crimson edge; abdomen crimson above, white below; fore and mid tibie and tarsi yellow with small crimson markings; hind legs white. Fore wing pinkish at basal half with purple tinge, lined with crimson and containing a yellow spot below vein 1; costa and apex yellow, the yellow costa excavate mesially, the apical part extending to submedian fold; a large apical curved mark, resting on vein 5, pinkish, shaded with gray, its veins lined with crimson, containing a yellow spot above; several indefinitely placed small gray spots between the discal venules and a subterminal row. Hind wing crimson, apex and outer margin narrowly yellow, the crimson diffused into the yellow. Expanse, 35 mm. Type.—Female, No. 15221, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, June, 1912 (R. Miller). No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 287 Family PERICOPIDA. Genus PERICOPIS Hiibner. PERICOPIS ZELADON, new species. Head and thorax dark brown; patagia light yellow on basal third. Abdomen red above with dorsal dark brown stripe; venter light yel- low, with lateral brown stripe; legs lined with light yellow. Fore wing dark brown with a broad hyaline V-shaped marking, its apex on tornus, becoming yellow on costa and inclosing a square discal patch; a small projection between veins 4 and 5. Hind wing reddish orange; a submarginal black band containing irregularly shaped powdery whitish spots; discal venules black marked; an outer short, more or less distinctly developed black line, between veins 2-7, or shorter; when present the line is bent outward between veins 4 and 5 and may be preceded by semihyaline patches beyond the discal cross vein. Expanse, 63 mm. Cotypes.—Seven males, No. 14513, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico, March and May, 1911, August, 1906 (R. Miller); Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). Family NOCTUID. Subfamily AGROTIN 2. Genus LYGRANTHOECIA Grote and Robinson. LYGRANTHOECIA: AMBLYS, new species. Ocherous; thorax olivaceous brown; fore wing olivaceous ocherous; basal and terminal spaces vinous brown, the basal space with a central angle, slightly edged with whitish; a large diffuse dark discal cloud. Hind wing ocherous, shaded with black at base, subcostally and along inner margin; a broad outer black margin; discal mark large, black, semicircular. Expanse, 22 mm. Cotypes.—Four males, four females, No. 14668, U.S.N.M., Cuer- navaca, Mexico, July and August, 1906 (W. Schaus). The females are a little darker and more contrastingly colored than the males, while the discal mark is square and distinct and ot the same vinous brown color as the basal and terminal areas. Subfamily HADHNIN 2%. Genus MISELIA Hubner. MISELIA TRANSVITTA, new species. Light gray, minutely irrorate; a black basal dash, forked at its apex; inner line whitish, broadly curved, its termination on inner margin close to that of the outer line, which is similar, whitish, both very indistinct; between them and bordering the inner line is a broad oblique black shade, its lower end truncated by the outer line; 288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44. discal marks barely discernible, blackish, annular; subterminal line lost, except for a faint whitish speck above tornus; a small terminal, blackish line, the fringe checkered. Hind wing whitish, the veins fuscous lined, apex and outer margin fuscous; fringe pale. Expanse, 22 mm. Type.—Female, No. 14445, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). MISELIA CALOSCOTINA, new species. Fore wing dark lilacine gray, shaded with blackish; subbasal line slender, black, angled, followed by a light area of the ground; inner line surrounded by blackish shadings which spread out below across the median space to outer line and inwardly nearly to base,.the line itself black, double, broadly lunulate in four segments; claviform outlined in black, filled with dark shading; orbicular large, oblique, black-outlined, with central core of dark shading; reniform large, joined to the costa by two blackish streaks, black-outlined except without, a concentric line within, shaded with olivaceous and form- ing a reddish mark toward the outer side; outer line black, double, the outer segment fainter, shallowly wavy below, incurved above cell to costa above reniform; terminal space heavily mottled and shaded with blackish, in which the broadly waved whitish subterminal line is relieved; some reddish shading over the discal venules; a terminal row of black dashes; fringe blackish with white points at the base. Hind wing fuscous shaded, dark, except from cell to inner margin, where it is faintly yellowish, crossed by dark veins. Expanse, 34- 36 mm. Cotypes.—Two males, No. 14542, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, October, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus HYSSIA Guenée. HYSSIA PSEUDOCHROMA, new species. Reddish ocherous, faintly mottled with brown, a distinct black patch at end of cell over lower half of reniform; inner line faint, brown, coarsely crenulate, the central arc the most distinct; a brown median shade-line, bent at vein 2; outer line crenulate, with a series of long teeth on the veins; subterminal line narrow, yellowish, faint, preceded by a distinct dark shade. Hind wing blackish shaded, the veins black-lined; a small dot on the discal cross-vein. Expanse, 31mm. Antenne of male shortly serrate, with bristles and cilia. Type.—Male, No. 14669, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, November, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus CIRPHIS Walker. CIRPHIS STRIGUSCULA, new species. Rather dark gray; a broad black streak at base below cell; a nar- row one below vein 1 above margin from the angle of the wing to No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 289 the middle; a shorter streak at end of cell, bisected by a small white dot at lower angle of cell; all the veins outwardly black-streaked, the streaks edged on both sides more or less conspicuously with light ocherous; a curved outer row of small black dots; a blackish shading inwardly from apex to about vein 5. Hind wing whitish, a little fuscous along veins and margin, with terminal row of black dots. Expanse, 38 mm. Type.—Male, No. 14670, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, December, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus HADENA Schrank. HADENA LITHAPHANIA, new species. Wings long and narrow, the outer margin squarely cut; tornus oblique. Dark gray, a little shaded with blackish; subbasal and inner lines blackish, geminate, slender, obscure; claviform partly out- lined in black; orbicular large, elliptical, oblique, pale yellowish, sharply but incompletely edged, with a central dark line; reniform elliptical, of the ground color with a little bronzy tint, black-edged within, with inner crescentic line; outer line blackish, double, cren- ulate, not contrasted; subterminal line macular, brown, coarsely waved; terminal row of black dashes; fringe pale at base. Hind wing nearly solidly black, the fringe contrastingly pale with central dark line. Expanse, 33-38 mm. Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 14543, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mex- ico, October, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus ERIOPYGA Guenée. ERIOPYGA LOLIOPOPA, new species. Brown-gray; fore wing with the subbasal half-line slender, whitish, dark-edged within; inner line straight, slightly oblique, whitish, edged with dark brown without; claviform, orbicular and reniform large whitish rings, the claviform without any dark inner edging and con- sequently less contrasted than the other two stigmata; median shade- line slender, dark brown, running between the discal stigmata, a little bent in the cell; outer line whitish, bent subcostally, edged with dark brown within, the edging broken on the veins, a row of dark-brown dots without; terminal field darker, more densely irrorated with brown than the rest of the wing, crossed by the slender whitish sub- terminal line, which is well contrasted; a terminal brown band, cut by paler veins into checkered pattern. Hind wing soiled yellowish whitish over the disk, the margin broadly fuscous; veins darker. Expanse, 30-32 mm. Cotypes.—Two males, No. 14544, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, September, 1909 (R. Miller). 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—-183——19 290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, ERIOPYGA CRACERDOTA, new species. Dark gray, with slight brown tint; fore wing with the subbasal half-line slender, whitish; inner line straight, slightly oblique, whitish, narrowly and obscurely dark-edged without; claviform absent; orbicular and reniform large: whitish rings, the orbicular slightly oblique, the reniform incised without; median shade-line slender, dark, bent in the cell between the stigmata; outer line whitish, sharply bent beyond the cell, followed by a row of square dark-brown dots; subterminal line straight, whitish, distinct; a row of dark mar- ginal dots, cut off by slender pale crescents. Hind wing shaded with fuscous, a little lighter toward base; veins dark. Expanse, 30-31 mm. Male with long sparse hair on the cell of fore wing beneath; antenne finely ciliate; side pieces of genitalia rather conspicuously covered with dark yellowish hairs. Cotypes.—Three males, one female, No. 14545, U.S.N.M., Zacual- pan, Mexico, August, 1909; September and October, 1911 (R. Miiller). ERIOPYGA CRENULATA Butler. This species occurs in the eastern part of North America to the plains. Hampson’ gives also localities in Mexico, Central America, and southward. This southern form is distinct from the northern crenulata, being a larger, heavier species, with coarse and more promi- nently angled markings. The male anal tuftings are less developed, the pale hairs being absent and they are apparently less extensible. On the under side of the fore wing of the male the down-curved hairs extend below the cell and are not confined to the area in and beyond it, as Hampson correctly figures for crenulata (fig. 74). The typical form of this southern species occurs in Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, and Ecuador. To the southward smaller, less strongly marked forms occur; whether species or races can not well be decided from the present material. They are separately described below. ERIOPYGA VESQUESA, new species. Large, robust, the male with the down-curved hairs on fore wing below extending below the cell. Purplish brown, the lines pale, fine; subbasal half-line slightly curved; inner line oblique, dislocated in cell, preceded by black dots on vein 1; orbicular and reniform both large, oblique, pale-outlined; outer line roundedly angled at right angles on upper third, followed by a row of indistinct double black dots; subterminal lines erect, nearly straight, the terminal space appearing a little paler, with distinct crenulate pale marginal line. Hind wing dark brown, the veins darker, fringes pale. Expanse, 35-40 mm. 1Cat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., vol. 5, 1905, p. 320. no. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 291 Cotypes.—Two males, two females, No. 15222, U.S.N.M., Loja, Ecuador, 1890 (P. Dognin); Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus pollbetan): Cordoba, Mexico, May, 1906 (W. Schaus). ERIOPYGA OACHE, new species. Smaller than the preceding, grayer, less intensely colored, the bend in the outer line making a less acute angle, but all the markings the same as in vesquesa. Expanse, 30 mm. Cotypes.—One male, one female, No. 15223, U.S.N.M., Peru (Schaus collection). ERIOPYGA ULTIMELLA, new species. Small, shining light gray-brown, the markings little relieved and difficult to trace, all essentially as in the preceding form, but here the crenulate marginal line seems wholly lost. The hind wings are a light, duller brown, and, especially in the male, show a whitish suffu- sion over the disk. Expanse, 28-34 mm. Cotypes.—One male, two females, No. 15224, U.S.N.M., Rio de Janeiro and Castro, Parana, Brazil (Schaus collection). ERIOPYGA LANARIS Butler. This species has much the same markings as the preceding forms, the outer line being less prominently angled. The male is easily recognized by the rough scaling on the wings below, which involves the hind wings. Females are less easy to determine, and certain small specimens before me were named lanaris by authority. How- ever, I now possess a male with very different secondary sexual char- acters, agreeing in size and markings with the females. It is described below as EF. enages. I have also from Peru a single male, closely resembling lanaris above, but without rough scaling on the hind wings. It may be described as ERIOPYGA DOLIA, new species. Large, robust, the tegule with black tips; reddish brown, the lines pale, slender; basal half-line curved; inner line sharply angled on subcosta and submedian; a rusty brown costal shade beyond to sub- marginal line; orbicular and reniform large, oblique, pale ringed; mesial shade line oblique, dark; outer line obtusely angled subcos- tally, followed by two rows of black dots; submarginal line erect, faint. Hind wing gray-brown with dark veins and pale fringe. Male with rough scales over the whole of the fore wing below, except the margins, but none on the hind wing. Expanse, 37 mm. Type.—Male, No. 15225, U.S.N.M., Peru (Schaus collection). ERIOPYGA ENAGES, new species. Markings as in £. crenulata Butler (North American), the male sec- ondary sexual characters as in EH. cynica Guenée. Grayish brown, 292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, the lines pale, faint. Orbicular rather small, oblique; reniform very little constricted; outer line bent very nearly at right angles; no marginal crenulate markings. Expanse, 29 mm. Type.—Male, No. 15226, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, March, 1912 (R. Miller). The females, above referred to, are redder than the male type, the orbicular is larger and more distinctly oblique, the reniform is well constricted and the outer line is not bent at a right angle. On account of these differences they have not been made cotypes, although I think it probable that the differences are varietal only. Eight females, Orizaba, Mexico, February, 1911, April and May, 1910, October, 1908, November, 1910 (2), December, 1911 (R. Miller) ; Coatepec, Mexico (Schaus collection). Subfamily CUCULLIIN AL. Genus MOMAPHANA Grote. MOMAPHANA SYLVIA, new species. Thorax green, the patagia and tegule tipped with white; a white band behind the middle. Abdomen shaded with green, the tuft on the basal segment dark-tipped. Fore wing with the ground white, largely overlaid with rich grass-green; a small black mark on costa close to base, edged with white; lines converging below and uniting at vein 1, the median space filled with black below up to or in the cell between the stigmata, the lines themselves forming part of this black and brown mesial wedge, which is truncated below at vein 1, notched within on median vein and coarsely scalloped without; orbicular very large, green, more or less completely white-ringed; reniform large, variously constricted, white, with green shades encroaching on it above and below; the median triangle is broadly edged with white within, narrowly so without; terminal field green, the subterminal line white narrow, broken, with a black mark on costa, a broad adjoin- ing white shade below, then a black wavy inner border, sagittately produced on vein 2 and with a brown streak outward to tornus; fringe white and green, with black tips to the green segments; costa spotted black and white. Hind wing white, silky, semihyaline, a little shaded with green around apex. Expanse, 40-44 mm. Cotypes.—Seven males, five females, No. 14514, U.S.N.M., South- ern Arizona (J. Doll); Tehuacan, Mexico, June and October, 1911 (R. Miller) ; Guadalajara, Mexico (Schaus collection) ; Zacualpan, Mexico, September, 1911 (R. Miller); Cuernavaca, Mexico, June, July, August, 1906 (W. Schaus), November, 1911 (R. Miller). The species is allied to Momaphana brillians Barnes from Arizona, though obviously distinct. no. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 293 MOMAPHANA ANNADORA, new species. Fore wing nearly entirely overlaid with green, presumably of a grass-green, but faded to yellowish in the specimen by wetting in the relaxing-jar. The markings are of the pattern of the preceding species, but the median black space is very wide, showing a broad area beyond the reniform, broad below and broadly truncate on vein 1; no white edging within, a very narrow one without; orbicular small, green; reniform large, square, constricted, green with a small white crescent in the center and narrow white edge below; space beyond solidly green except for the white subterminal line, which has no accompanying white shades but only a black costal mark and a three-pronged black triangle below; the streak from this to tornus is black-brown, short and thick; costa narrowly black and white spotted. Hind wing white, silky, semihyaline. Expanse, 36 mm. Type.—Female, No. 14515, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miiller). Subfamily SARROTHRIPIN At. Genus BAILEYA Grote. BAILEYA RESTITANS, new species. Gray, washed with whitish through the center of the wing; basal area, broad on inner margin, dark ocher with a white outer edge and a black costal bar; inner line lost; stigmata lost, the reniform show- ing a little as a spot in an irregular dark mesial line; a brown-black triangular costo-apical marking cut vertically by white, the outer section nearly trisected longitudinally by white; from this the slender irregularly wavy black outer line, followed by white and near inner margin by a short roundedly dentate black line; terminal veins slightly dark-lined. Hind wing fuscous, a little lighter on the disk, the veins finely black-lined. Expanse, 29 mm. Type.—Female, No. 14546, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico, July, 1908 (R. Miller). This species has the size of B. ophthalmica Guenée, but the mark- ings are as in B. australis Grote: Subfamily ACRONYCTIN 2%. Genus BAGISARA Walker. BAGISARA OULA, new species. Thorax and fore wing shining whitish gray, without yellow tint, shading to brown at outer margin, the fringe the darkest; three fine slender lines, the inner one far out, bent at right angles subcostally; middle line more strongly bent, running into a point at vein 6; outer line bluntly bent, curved only. Hind wing creamy whitish with pale brown shading outwardly. Abdomen like the hind wing, with dorsal brown shading. Expanse, 33 mm. Cotypes.—Three females, No. 14428, U.S.N.M., Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). 294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 44, BAGISARA DEMURA, new species. Ocher yellow, the fore wing with a faint brownish tint, smooth, silky, not irrorate; fringe brown; lines slender, brown, not waved; inner line bent and an obtuse angle on subcosta; outer line bent at right angles on vein 7; subterminal line similarly bent but less sharply. Expanse, 30 mm. Cotypes——Male and female, No. 14442, U.S.N.M., Guadalajara, Mexico (Schaus collection); Misantla, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). BAGISARA XAN, new species. Ocher yellow, the: fore wing with a faint brownish tint, smooth, silky, with sparse brown irrorations; fringe dark brown, the color spreading inward centrally across the subterminal line; lines slender, brown, not waved; inner line curved on subcostal; slight trace of an annular reniform; outer line bent at an acute angle on vein 7; sub- terminal line similarly bent at right angles, the lower segment arcuate. Expanse, 39 mm. Type-—Female, No. 14443, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus collection). Genus PERIGEA Guenée. PERIGEA SUTRIX, new species. Gray, with ochraceous tint, smooth, lustrous, silky; markings black, all broken and powdery, more or less obsolete; inner line single with a strong indentation at vein 1; a black shading at the point of the claviform; a more extensive shading between the discal stigmata and surrounding the lower part of the reniform; the stigmata are them- selves principally outlined by this shade, ocherous, with powdery dark centers, the orbicular elliptical, a little oblique the reniform large, emarginate without; outer line a double series of points, the two rows well separated; subterminal line edged within by a black shade more or less distinctly, in one specimen strongly so. Hind wings creamy white in the male, fuscous in the female, the fringes pale. Expanse, 32 mm. Cotypes.—Two males, two females, No. 14671, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, January, 1909, June and August, 1910 (R. Miller); Oaxaca, Mexico (Schaus collection). Very near P. sutor Guenée, but differing in detail, the hind wings of the male especially being much paler. PERIGEA PYROMPHALUS, new species. Rosy gray, with more or less orange shading over center of wing; lines double, dark, indistinct, crenulate, the outer forming a series of minute points beyond; orbicular small, round, orange tinted, with No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 295 brown border and concentric ring; reniform narrow, containing bright orange center, a white point at its lower edge continued into a fine line and a point at the upper edge; a brown central crescent; a blackish shade follows the reniform up to the outer line; subterminal line black, waved, broken into a series of spots, of which the lower one is large and rounded. Hind wing blackish fuscous, the fringe pale. Expanse, 28 mm. Cotypes.—Two males, No. 14672, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, April and November, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus MICRATHETIS Hampson. MICRATHETIS DASARADA Druce, This small, narrow-winged species shows a tendency to local forms in its wide distribution. The Mexican form shows in general a light straw-colored ground, without marked olive-brown shades, the outer spot at the end of the cell large and round. Costa Rican examples before me show marked olive-brown shading within the oblique outer line, especially in females, while the discal dot is minute or absent. In Brazilian females this tendency is more pronounced, the purplish shading being more uniform over the wing, the discal mark nearly invisible. Specimens from the Guianas are smaller, the dark shading forming a band through the center of the wing, leaving the cell and terminal areas pale straw-color. The outer band is less oblique than in dasarada. For this form the varietal name dacula may be sug- gested. Cotypes of the form dacula, No. 14673, U.S.N.M., five males, eight females, St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 60 miles up the Maroni River (one female); Demerara, British Guiana (one female), all from Mr. Schaus’s collection. Genus MENOPSIMUS Dyar. MENOPSIMUS CADUCUS Dyar. Menopsimus caducus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 15, 1907, p. 110. Thalpochares fractilinea Situ, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 18, 1908, p. 125. This species is not known to extend its range to Mexico, but is mentioned in this connection on account of its very similar facies to the preceding species and to the followig new genus. I described Menopsimus as a deltoid genus, but according to Sir G. F. Hampson’s tables it falls in the Acronyctine. The venation is as follows: Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 before the angle of the cell, 5 well above the angle, 6 below the upper angle, 7 curved to costa, 8 and 9 stalked, 10 absent, 11 from the cell, no accessory cell; hind wing with vein 2 well before the angle of the cell, 3 and 4 stalked, 5 very weak, from the middle of the discocellulars to an excavation in the outer margin, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 joined to the cell for nearly the basal half. 296 PROCERDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSRUM, VOL, 44, The | genus falls in Hampson’ s table ' with Nolasodes Hampson, and. with the following, the three being easily separated by the structure of the palpi. HYPENOPSIS, new genus. Fore wing with veins 2, 3, and 4 well separated, 5 arising shortly above the angle of the cell, 6 below the upper angle, 7 running to the outer margin, 8, 9, and 10 talked: all running to the costa, no acces- sory cell, vein 7 from the discal cell; hind wing with vein 2 long before the angle of the cell, 38 and 4 stalled: 5 very weak, from the middle of the discocellulars to an excavation in the outer margin, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 free from the cell to base. Palpi with the second joint a long thick blade, twice as long as the head, porrect, the third joint long, very slender and standing upright. Type-species.—The following species: HYPENOPSIS MACULA Druce. Hypenodes macula Drvon, Biol, Cent.-Am., Lep, Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 441, pl. 36, fig. 1. Described from two specimens from Chiriqui, Pangma. I have before me thirteen from Jalapa and Orizaba, Mexico, one from Sio Paulo, S. KE. Brazil, one from Castro, Parana, Brazil, all from Mr. Schaus’s collection, and four from La Puerta Valley, near San Diego, California, from Mr. GQ. H. Field. Genus HYDROECIA Duponchel. HYDROECIA ARNYMAI, new species. Rufous yellowish, marked with red-brown; base of fore wing dark, the subbasal line broad, pale; inner line of three brown ares, out- wardly oblique; claviform a half of a brown ringlet in a pale area; orbicular round, pale, its border blending with the dark ground sur- rounding ; a dark shade-band across middle of wing, angled on median vein, darker than the general ground color; reniform pale with faint dark concentric center; outer line single, crenulate, excurved over cell, terminating the brown-irrorate median area; a rounded brown patch on costa; subterminal line of three long shallow ares, the termi- nal space solidly brown; fringe dark. Hind wing reddish brown, the veins a little darker, discal area somewhat yellowish between the veins. Expanse, 26 mm. Type.—Male, No. 14674, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, December, 1911 (R. Miller), Cat. Lep, Phal, Brit, Mus,, vol, 9, 1910, p, 2. No. 1951, NEW LYPIDOPTRRA FROM MBXICO—DYAR. 297 Genus NOCLOA Smith. NOCLOA PERIODITA, new species. Thorax purple-gray; vertex of head yellow. Wore wing nearly entirely suffused with purple-gray; two light yellow lunules below the median vein, representing undulations of the obsolete inner line; orbicular and reniform large, but showing faintly by their slightly lighter, yellowish inner borders; outer line even, dentate on the veins, relieved only by the broad following yellow area, irrorated with red, which is cut by purple on the veins and succeeded by the purple-gray margin. Hind wing purplish fuscous, a little lighter along the veins, showing faintly a dark discal spot and outer mesial line. Expanse, 30 mm. Type.—KFemale, No. 14440, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Muller). Genus CHALCOPASTA Hampson. CHALCOPASTA CHALCOCRASPEDON, new species, Thorax purple-brown; vertex and collar ocherous. Fore wing purple-brown, the basal and terminal spaces solidly metallic bronzy ; extreme base purple; beyond it to inner line bronze; inner line bent at right angles in the middle, dark, single, not contrasted; orbicular large, bronze filled; reniform lost, only a slight bronzy discoloration ; outer line outwardly oblique from costa, bent at an acute angle, then nearly straight to middle of inner margin, the space beyond to fringe solidly bronze, except the costal triangle; fringe purple. Hind wing pale fuscous with a broad lighter band beyond the middle. Expanse, 30 mm. Type.—Female, No. 14441, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, Septem- ber, 1911 CR. Miller). Subthmily WHRAADPRITN AG. Genus TARACHIDIA Hampson. TARACHIDIA HEONYX, new species. Pure white; outer half of fore wing brown, the line dividing the colors straight, starting near middle of inner margin, running a little obliquely outward almost to costa, then bent at nearly right angles obliquely outward, and again angled and reaching costa just before apex. Abdomen and hind wing yellowish white, the wing faintly fuscous tinted on the margin; fringe pale. Ixpanse, 20 mm. Type.—Female, No. 14438, U.S.N.M., Cerritos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). 298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, Genus EUSTROTIA Hubner, EUSTROTIA MOCHENSIS Schaus. Photedes mochensis Scuaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, p. 157. Micromonodes mochensis Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., vol. 8, 1909, p. 565. Monodes cassida Dyar, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 43, 1912, p. 64. Having found a number of specimens of this species in the Schaus collection, and having recently received others from Mr. Miiller, I have been able to examine carefully the venation. There are two important errors in Hampson’s figure, namely, that vein 5 of the hind wing is really strong and distinct, not weak, as there shown, and there is a small accessory cell present on the fore wing, joining vein 10 to the stalk of veins 7 to 9. The correction of these matters will place the species in the Erastriine and in the genus Eustrotia. The species is not very similar to the other species of Hustrotia, but I do not detect any characters for generic separation. It will fall in the sec- tion with EZ. chuza Druce by the long third joint of the palpi. EUSTROTIA PULMONA, new species. Photedes pulmona Scuaus, MS. Dark reddish gray; fore wing with distinct black mesial band, angled a little centrally; a black dot in the cell and lunule at end of cell; lines slender, black, the inner angled outwardly in the middle, the outer angularly excurved, neither conspicuous, the outer with little light specks along its course; a row of many black strige along the costa; a fine crenulate terminal black line, with light specks in the excavations. Hind wing blackish to nearly black, with an outer mesial lighter line and a faint inner darker one, the fringe reddish, with terminal line as on fore wing. Expanse, 27 mm. Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 14675, U.S.N.M., selected from a series, Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). The palpi have the third joint long as in EF. mochensis Schaus, to which the present species is allied. Genus DIASTEMA Guenée. DIASTEMA PANTELES, new species. Gray, with a very slight rosy tint; base light, but a blackish shading on the costal half of the extra-basal space; inner line dark, arcuate, confused by the stigmata, the claviform and orbicular forming pale ellipses beyond it and small pale segments within; these marks pro- ject into a deep black shade that runs from the costa a little obliquely and stops at the claviform; reniform large, elliptical, a narrow black ring filled by the ground color with an inner brownish concentric line, the black rim fused to the median shade; outer line blackish, crenu- late, fine and faint; subterminal line twice angled above and edged No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 299 within by a deep black shade, incurved below at submedian and with- out the black shade; three black streaks above across the terminal space; a row of black terminal dashes in a light line. Hind wing brownish gray, streaked with blackish on the veins on the lower half; a terminal fuscous line. Expanse, 30 mm. Type.—Female, No. 14439, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, Septem- ber, 1911 (R. Miller). Subfamily HUTELIIN 4. Genus EUTELIA Hiibner. EUTELIA AMATRIX, new species. Light reddish, area between veins 1 and 2 and at apex slaty gray; a brown half-band at basal third of inner margin, edged by a whitish line, which shows most distinctly in an are between veins 1 and 2, limiting the gray area; a reversed white arc beyond, the gray shade running upward submarginally; terminal area narrowly red-brown below, widening above the bend in outer margin, limited by a white are which joins an oblique line running to costa; gray apex cut off by a whitish line; discal mark pale, lunate, clouded. Hind wing white; a broad outer black band, shading to red on the margin. Expanse, 32 mm. Type.—Female, No. 15227, U.S.N.M., Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico, June, 1906 (W. Schaus). Subfamily CATOCALIN ZX. Genus CELIPTERA Guenée. CELIPTERA SURRUFULA, new species. Fore wing soft gray, slightly violaceous in tone; inner line shaded black, coarsely angulated, upright; discal mark narrow, curved; outer line crenulate, with whitish specks in the undulations, shaded, a large cloud opposite the cell and one on submedian; the line is marked on costa, then slender, excurved over cell; subterminal line a row of black dots; a terminal row of short dashes. Hind wing red- dish gray, with terminal short black dashes. Expanse, 36 mm. Type.—Male, No. 14498, U.S.N.M., Cerritos, San Luis Potosi, Mex- ico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus ZALE Hibner. ZALE RHIGODORA, new species. Dark brown, smooth and uniform, without contrasts; basal space of fore wing darkly mottled, obscurely strigose with black, its outer edge sharply and roundedly limited from inner third of costa to near base of inner margin; no limiting line, but a slight following light purplish shade; costa with narrow pale streaks; reniform scarcely 300 PROCEEDINGS OF THBP NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. darker than the ground, moderate, narrowly white-edged without; outer line black, slender, tremulous, obscure, excurved centrally, with a small black spot within above vein 4, narrowly white-marked on costa; subterminal line distinct, outcurved in the middle, forming two inward arcs, limiting the dark median space, but scarcely itself a line; black shadings from the projection to the outer margin, completing the lower are and cutting off a lunate space around tornus, which is purplish shaded and marked with a small white spot in the submedian space; margin crenulate. Hind wing colored like the fore wing, with many fine wavy transverse blackish lines; submarginal line curved, cutting off a broad lunate space on the margin, itself brown, double, the marginal space lightened with purplish. In the female the light purplish shades are absent, their places being taken by blackish shades bordering the lunate areas. Expanse, 45 mm. Cotypes.—Three males, three females, No. 14516, U.S.N.M., Mi- santla, Mexico, January and September, 1911 (R. Miller). Subfamily NOCTUINAE. Genus CAMPOMETRA Guenée. CAMPOMETRA DISTILLA, new species. Thorax dark, blackish, the disk intermixed with white scales, the collar brownish in front. Fore wing with the ground color gray, with a slight olivaceous tint, overspread with blackish shades; base darkly shaded, the subbasal line black, fine, dentate, relieved by nar- row lighter shades; inner line similar, the ground color appearing on both sides of it; orbicular a black dot; mesial line black, irregular, shaded toward base and with an outward duplication, which is dis- tinctly present on the right wing of the specimen and not on the other; reniform marked by a white speck on each of the four corners, the two outer ones joined by a white lunule; a blackish rounded patch on costa above, marked with white before and behind, the outer followed by blackish and another white streak; other line slender, black, dentate, followed by a bluish-black dentate shade; a light shade of the ground color through middle of wing; subterminal line dentate, black, with an outward shaded duplication; a row of black dashes close to the margin preceded by white specks; a terminal wavy black line followed by white specks at the base of the fringe. Hind wing blackish, solidly black on costal third with a bronzy luster; several series of black and gray specks over the disk; a black dentate subterminal line with outward duplication, not crossing costal third; terminal markings as on fore wing. Expanse, 48 mm. Type.—Female, No. 14436, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 301 Genus MATIGRAMMA Grote. MATIGRAMMA PSEGMAPTERY&, new species. Soft bluish gray, dark in tone; lines blackish, wavy, not contrasted, forming about ten dark specks along the costa; inner and median lines slender, waved; a dot toward base of cell; reniform a large, kidney-shaped pale area; outer line a little more distinct than the others, edging the pale reniform, broken below but joined by a line from costa within reniform; three wavy lines between reniform and margin, the inner one shaded and forming an enlargement below vein 2; a waved terminal dark line; fringe crossed by light streaks. Hind wing of the same color as fore wing, crossed by seven indistinct waved dark lines, the subterminal one a little the most distinct and well scalloped; fringe as on fore wing. Expanse, 32 mm. Type.—Female, No. 14437, U.S.N.M., Cerritos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miiller). Genus PROTHYMIA Hubner. PROTHYMIA CATAPLEXIS, new species. Yellow; vertex, sides of front and bases of patagia crimson. Fore wing yellow; costa crimson on basal half, the crimson band notched beneath; outer half of wing crimsom, the inner border oblique and a little irregular, the crimson area inclosing a yellow triangular area on inner margin. Hind wing fuscous tinged. Beneath, fore wing dark gray, crimson tinged toward apex. Hind wing whitish. Expanse, 19 mm. Type.—Female, No. 14517, U.S.N.M., Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, October, 1911 (R. Miiller). Genus PLEONECTYPTERA Grote. PLEONECTYPTERA IGNILINEA, new species. Fore wing dark violeceous gray, the two lines nearly straight, parallel, dark, shaded with coppery red, the outer with a following pale border in which the red tint prevails; reniform outlined in dark faintly; subterminal space darker, purplish, irregularly limited out- wardly by the paler marginal area; narrow dark terminal dashes. Hind wing lighter than fore wing, but of the same general tone; traces of a mesial darker line. Expanse, 25 mm. Type.—Female, No. 14547, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, August, 1910 (R. Miiller). Genus PANGRAPTA Hubner. The foliowing species are placed provisionally in this genus. The specimens are all females. 802 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. PANGRAPTA ALOPOPIS, new species. Dark lilacine brown; reniform elliptical, with a white crescent on the inner border, a minute white dot at upper and lower edges, a dark- red stain and white specks in the center; inner line coarsely dentate, broken, blackish, followed by the black punctiform orbicular; outer line white at its inception on costa, then blackish, dentate, out- curved over cell; a following dusky shade above; subterminal line faint, dark, clouded with blackish on costal fourth; a row of minute terminal black dots. Hind wing of the same color as fore wing and similar pattern; a large rust-red discal stain; mesial line blackish, dentate; subterminal line whitish, obscure; terminal dots as on fore wing. Expanse, 23 mm. Type.——Female, No. 14495, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). PANGRAPTA HERBITECTA, new species. Fore wing with a rounded projection at the middle of the outer margin; lilacine gray; two black specks near base for subbasal line; inner line coarsely wavy, pale, brokenly edged with black; orbicular round, small, green; median shade with a brown-black triangle on costa, thence continued faintly across wing; reniform brown-filled, stained with green; outer line whitish, narrow, distinct, not waved, excurved over cell, relieved on a dark ground; a large brown-black costo-subapical triangular patch with green below, between it and the subterminal line; subterminal! line obscure, pale; a row of minute terminal dots; a larger spot below the marginal angle. Hind wing with a small point on the middle of the margin; gray, like the fore wing; a large green stain on the middle of the inner margin between the faint mesial and outer lines. Expanse, 19-21 mm. Cotypés—Two females, No. 14496, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, September, 1911 (R. Miller); Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus collection). Genus GLYMPIS Walker. GLYMPIS PHOENICIMON, new species. Rufous-brown; fore wing with two straight light ocherous lines; a small spot in cell and one at end darker brown; a subterminal row of brown specks situated in a light line, which in some specimens is more distinct than the specks; area between the outer line and sub- terminal specks sometimes darker than the rest of the wing. Hind wing of the male slightly tinged with rufous outwardly, the long pencil in a fold along anal margin black. In the female the hind wing is strongly tinged with bright rufous outwardly. Expanse, 25-27 mm. Cotypes.—No. 14676, U.S.N.M., male, Cuernavaca, Mexico (Schaus collection); female, Zacualpan, Mexico, December, 1911 (R. Miller); two females, Cuernavaca, Mexico (Schaus collection). No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 303 Family NOTODONTIDA. Genus DASYLOPHIA Packard. DASYLOPHIA RUFITINCTA, new species. Male.—Thorax reddish brown; collar clayey yellow. Fore wing bright reddish brown, the color extending below vein 2 to the tornus, but a little lighter at base and defined by a faint curved dark line near middle of wing; this line seems to be incised at median vein and to run obliquely across median space to near base of wing, but is very faintly relieved; apex broadly blackish shaded, the veins black-lined, with dark gray streaks between them, Siete from the veins oy pale ocherous lines; a series of oblique black streaks on the margin, the two between veins 2 to 4, more distinct, more inwardly placed, and with ocherous crescents. Hind wing soiled white, the veins touched with gray outwardly and a gray shade at anal angle. Expanse, 40 mm. Female——Ground color of wing more ocherous, with less red tint than in the male; basal area ocherous, rounded without, incised on median vein and powdered with dark scales, especially toward the base; outer area shaded with dark brown, the cloudings forming two ill-defined oblique bands, the apex wholly dark; veins black-lined beyond the cell; terminal markings faint, only the pale crescents between veins 2 to 4 showing. Hind wing soiled white, a terminal brown line, the fringe a little brown shaded. Expanse, 46-51 mm. Cotypes—Two males, two females, No. 14466, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico, September, 1911 (R. Miller); Cordoba, Mexico, December 26-28, 1907 (F. Knab); May,1906 (W. Schaus). The species has the wings unusually long and narrow; the hair- whorls at the bases of the antenne are short and do not become conflu- ent to form the high vertical tuft characteristic of the genus. The specimens show some individual diversity. The male from Orizaba is described above. The male from Cordoba is much less dis- tinctly marked. Its color is the same, but the dark apical shading is much less noticeable. Of the females, the one collected by Mr. Knab I consider typical. The other is a little larger and darker, with the shadings heavy and extensive, crossing the basal light space and almost wholly obscuring the submarginal lunate marks. CALOMATHETES, new genus. Fore wing with a tuft of scales on inner margin and one before rat angle; outer margin crenulate; no areole; veins 8-10 stalked; antennze of male lengthily “bipectinated to the i Ty pe-species.—The following species: CSALOMATHETES HALMAPHYLLA, new species. Fore wing yellowish brown, broadly shaded with purplish beyond the outer line; a few black specks and streaks near the base; inner 804. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. line composed of a series of elongate black dots in three irregular rows, curving across the wing, forming a slender line above the tooth on inner margin; the basal space has a slight purplish washing; mesial space lighter, especially just before the outer line, a little diversified with brownish lines, a trace of reniform mark and a black streak on discal fold; outer line double, composed of two series of black crescents alternating with whitish ones, obliquely from before the outer tooth on inner margin to costa before apex; traces of a subterminal line in the purplish marginal shading, which expires at apex; veins dark-lined at the margin; a row of purple-white spots in the projections of the fringe. Hind wing fuscous shaded, the veins darker, the fringe con- trastingly pale. Expanse, 42 mm. Type.—One male, No. 14465, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, Sep- tember, 1911 (R. Miiller). Genus PSILOCRON Felder. PSILOCRON APHRETHESA, new species. Thorax gray, intermixed with olive; abdomen blackish dorsally, except the last segment, which is pale gray. Fore wing pale gray, almost whitish at base and along basal half of costa, shaded with olive toward apex (faded to brownish in the specimen); base narrowly olive gray; lines olive gray, double, the inner broken and obsolescent across cell, distinct below, with a strong inward projection on sub- median fold; a small olive mark in center of cell and a larger one at the end, both lunate; outer line faint costally, geminate, crenulate, slightly excurved over cell, followed by a row of olive-gray spots; sub- terminal line whitish, irregular, not contrasted; veins terminally dark-lined. Hind wing grayish, the disk translucent, costa whitish with two gray bars; termen blackish, frmge whitish, inner margin broadly shaded with blackish except at tornus. Expanse, 50 mm. Type.—Male, No. 15228, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Vera.Cruz, Mexico, March, 1912 (R. Miller). The species looks like a Heterocampa, allied to H. atrax Schaus and H. dolorosa Schaus. ‘Genus FARIGIA Schaus. FARIGIA MALOMEN, new species. Female.—Ground color light gray with a carneous tint, powdered with blackish and marked with powderings and patches of metallic green; ordinary lines blackish, geminate, obscured by shadings; a subterminal row of partly confluent black dashes; a broken black bar along submedian fold from base to outer line; a black shading occu- pying the inner half of median space, covering and partly obscuring the inner line; discal mark narrow, black-outlined; a narrow deep black shade covering and filling the outer line. Hind wing brown, not quite uniformly colored. Expanse, 50-52 mm. no. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 3805 Cotypes.—Two females, No. 15229, U.S.N.M., Cordoba, Mexico, May, 1906 (W. Schaus); Misantla, Mexico, May, 1912 (R. Miiller). The following table will separate the five species of Farigia known to occur in Mexico: Sexes dimorphic; antennz of female bipectinate; male with raised whitish discal BIS da tll haem Oe elas Sante 8 ata Sa See aiele's a a alaswiobi= daw nenilee montana Druce. Sexes monomorphic; antennz of female simple; male with discal mark, if present, dark. A black shade from base of fore wing below cell bordering the subterminal line, hydriana Schaus. Black shade over median space in lower half of cell to inner margin, not crossing NEBR Unease Fe Se sis face ee ce octet ae. Morte tk. magniplaga Schaus. No broad black shades. Outer line, inner half of median space and submedian streak narrowly black NOUN es oe crate a ar ain stenstavaie’ ah slae atale ala malt alana) swam cre, dim ial Sims malomen Dyar. No black linings except the ordinary markings. ............. vecina Schaus. It seems possible that the four forms hydriana, magniplaga, malomen, and vecina may prove to belong to one variable species since they differ only in the black shadings and not in pattern. Family GEOMETRIDZ. Genus OENOTRUS Druce. OENOTRUS MELANODORA, new species. Black; collar, patagia, orbits, palpi and fore coxe, orange; wings black, the tip of fore wing white and on fringe at apex. Beneath as above, the apex of fore wing and the hind wing leaden black, with the veins deep black. Expanse, 28 mm. Type.—One male, No. 14301, U.S.N.M., Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, June, 1910 (R. Miller). OENOTRUS BIPENNIS, new species. Black; vertex and disk of thorax orange yellow; a large patch of this color on fore coxa; wings black, the extreme base of forewing orange red, the color extending out farther on costa and inner mar- gin. The forewing is more brownish black than the hind wing; beneath both wings bluish black. Expanse, 34 mm. Type.—One male, No. 14302, U.S.N.M., Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, June, 1910 (R. Miller). The forewings are longer and more drawn out than usual. Genus HYDRIOMENE Hubner. HYDRIOMENE POTOSIATA, new species. Palpi short, upturned, reaching the middle of the front. Forewing fuscous, a little washed with whitish from the cell to before apex; an irregular black line from the origin of vein 2, continued by a black 69077°—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13——20 1 306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, shade to apex; a black mark beyond middle of inner margin; indi- cations of transverse lines across the wing, apparently numerous and double but scarcely legible; veins black-lined close to the margin. Hind wing uniform brownish fuscous. Expanse, 24 mm. Type-—One female, No. 14459, U.S.N.M., Cerritos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miiller). HYDRIOMENE GRETTARIA, new species. Forewing rather pointed at apex, dark gray, the markings indis- tinct; lines slender, blackish, coarsely waved, about five traceable, one forming an arc at end of cell distinct, black; ground color alter- nately lighter and darker between the lines, the broadest light areas at base and through middle of wing. Hind wings light gray, uniform. Expanse, 26 mm. Type.—Male, No. 14677, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, December, 1011 (R. Miller). Genus CATOCLOTHIS Hulst. CATOCLOTHIS GYMNOPOMPARIA, new species. Fore wing with the costal half dark gray, crossed by four broad bands of paler gray of equal width with the dark portions; ordinary lines lost; rather numerous short black streaks centrally, the median vein narrowly lined with black scales; the light bands are sometimes rufous tinted, the rufous in the cell occasionally crossing the middle band and forming a long rufous area; inner half of wing and all of hind wing smooth silky light gray without markings. There is a little black scaling along inner margin of fore wings. Body parts dark gray. Expanse, 35 mm. Cotypes.—Five males, four females, No. 14518, U.S.N.M., Popoca- tepetl Park, Mexico, 8,000 feet, June, 1906 (W. Schaus). Genus CAMBOGIA Guenée. CAMBOGIA AGROICA, new species. Ground color light greenish yellow, marked with purplish rose- colored bands; a broad stripe along costa, salmon tinted on costal edge, widened to outer band, then abruptly narrowed; inner band curved, the edges dark purplish; outer band similar, its outer edge crenulate; submarginal band narrower and more uniform; a short slender line across apex. Hind wing with a band close to base; a wide median space of the ground color; outer and submarginal bands joined at costa, then narrowly separated, each broad and with darker purplish edges. Outer margin angled in the middle. Expanse, 20 mm, r No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 307 Type—Male, No. 14678, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico, November, 1911 (R. Miller). CAMBOGIA OPERBULA, new species. Fore wing overspread with purple, the costa irregularly light salmon color, with a rounded area of this color inclosing the discal dot; termen yellow, the purple color produced in the middle; lines darker, faint, narrow and crenulate, an outer and subterminal visible. Hind wing purple on basal third; outer part yellow, with outer and sub- marginal faint crenulate reddish lines, which join to form a blotch near inner margin; also traces of a mesial line in some specimens. Expanse, 20 mm. Cotypes.—F our specimens, No. 14679, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico, September, 1911 (R. Miiller); Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus collection); Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection), and one without locality (Schaus collection). The specimen from Jalapa is one of the types of Hois nundina © Druce,! but the Costa Rican and Guatemalan specimens are of another species, to which I would restrict Druce’s name. CAMBOGIA SARIA, new species. Roseate purple; fore wing with the margin yellow, incised in the middle, the purple basal area crossed by five more yellowish bands, all finely waved; discal dot small, black. Hind wing similar, the yellow margin less distinctly incised by purple in the middle, the purple field with less lines, being a subbasal dark one and two outer orange-red ones. Vertex and shaft of antenneze white. Expanse, 18 mm. Type.—One female, No. 14303, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico, Novem- ber, 1910 (R. Miller). Genus TEPHROCLYSTIA Hiibner. TEPHROCLYSTIA GLAUCOTINCTA, new species. Dark gray, the wings with a mossy green tint over the inner half of fore wing and all of hind wing; fore wing with a small dark sharply limited basal area; lines numerous, indistinct, but marked in their inceptions on costa, about eight lines thus shown, the subterminal most distinctly crossing the wing and narrowly limited outwardly by whitish; discal mark round, dark; narrow black terminal line, den- tate on the veins. Hind wing with the base dull whitish; two faint dark lines across before the discal dot; three beyond, the outer sub- macular and followed narrowly by whitish in the dark glaucous mar- gin. Expanse, 20 mm. Type—One female, No. 14450, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). 1 Biol. Cent.-Am., Lep. Het., vol. 2, p. 110. 308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. TEPHROCLYSTIA MOLLIARIA, new species. Dark gray, smooth and even, only the black discal dot relieved; a faint whitish spot above tornus; outer line indicated by a black strigose shading; a similar row of subterminal markings. Hind wing whitish, grayer along inner margin; a faint discal dot and segment of mesial band near inner margin. Expanse, 18 mm. Type—Female, No. 14451, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, Septem- ber, 1911 (R. Miiller). Genus MELEABA Walker. MELEABA URANIA, new species. White; fore wing with long transverse black strige, some of the basal ones crossing the wing completely; a straight median trans- verse brown shaded line and another at outer third, the pair con- verging toward inner margin; terminal strige shorter, though in part confluent into long lines. Hind wing with an emargination above middle of outer margin, below which is an orange patch containing two or three black dots; a brown line from middle of costa runs out- ward nearly to the orange patch, then bends roundedly at right angles to inner margin; brown mesial streaks to the transverse line; a number of long black strige on apical area; a fine terminal black line. Expanse, 21 mm. Ootypes.—Male and female, No. 14680, U.S.N.M., Popocatepetl Park, Mexico, 9,500 to 11,500 feet, June, 1906 (W. Schaus). MELABA ANTITHETES, new species. Forewing densely irrorated with brown over an ocherous ground, leaving two broad white lines and a discal dot; inner line oblique from inner fourth of costa to middle of inner margin, slightly swollen centrally and excurved below; outer line from outer fourth of costa to tornus, its lower half slightly arcuated inward; discal dot small, narrow; a pale shading runs from apex downward to about mid- dle of wing subterminally, beyond which the brown shadings are darker. Hind wing with an emargination above middle of outer margin, below which is an orange patch containing two black dots; general surface white, but with a dark shading from the brown strige below showing through; a faint brown mesial line, bent at right angles; a shaded brown terminal line; a diffuse subterminal one, running inside of the orange patch. Expanse, 21 mm. Cotypes—Male and female, No. 14681, U.S.N.M., Popocatepetl Park, Mexico, 9,500 to 11,500 feet, June, 1906 (W. Schaus). no. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 309 Genus TACHYPHYLE Butler. TACHYPHYLE AGANAPLA, new species. Rather dark green; vertex of head white; on forewing a straight white line from costa before apex to outer third of inner margin; a black point at apex and a discal point. Hind wing with the white line a little broader, mesial, straight, with a faint darker inward edg- ing; a black discal point. Expanse, 30 mm. Type.—One female, No. 14455, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, Sep- tember, 1911 (R. Miiller). Genus ANISODES Guenée. ANISODES POLIOTARIA, new species. Light gray, finely dark-irrorate on a pale gray ground; lines slender, blackish, denticulate; inner line angled subcostally; discal dot white, small; mesial line finely denticulate, oblique; outer line dotted at the ends of the denticulations, not as strong as the mesial line; terminal line slender, broken by white dots between the veins. Hind wing similar, the inner line absent; discal dot in a black ringlet. Expanse, 28 mm. Cotypes.—8 specimens, No. 14519, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, June, 1910; June, August, September, 1911 (R. Miiller). Genus CA NOCHARIS Hulst. C2NOCHARIS OUDEN, new species. Smooth powdery gray, shining silky, almost unmarked; inner line slender, dark, faint, angled subcostally; outer line denticulate, followed by a whitish shade in the cusps. Hind wing similarly col- ored, scarcely lighter; a few dark scales above tornus. Expanse, 21 mm. Cotypes.—Males, No. 14520, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, Septem- ber, 1911 (R. Miller); Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, October, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus SCIAGRAPHIA Hulst (TEPHRINA Guenée). SCIAGRAPHIA DECEPTRIX, new species. Whitish gray, sparsely irrorate; terminal field washed with pur- plish and cut by a finely wavy white subterminal line; basal area with a little purplish tint; inner line slender, broken, powdery, black, marked on the costa; mesial line marked by a perpendicular brown- black dash on costa, faintly traceable across the wing, with a strong inflexure across submedian; outer line angled subcostally, gently curved below, black, marked on costa, fine and geminate below the bend, followed by a black longitudinal dash at vein 4, with brown 310 PROCEEDINGS OF THA NATIONAL MUSEUM. _ Vou. 44. below it; a slender terminal black line. Hind wing with brownish tint, finely irrorated; an inner and an outer mesial slender brown line, with small discal dot between them; a series of submarginal cloudings, largest toward apex. Expanse, 20 mm. Type.—One male, No. 14456, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miiller). Genus SEMIOTHISA Hubner. SEMIOTHISA PHANEROPHLEPS, new species. Whitish gray, irrorate with brown, the irrorations tending to gather in groups; margins of the wings irregularly shaded with purple-gray; on fore wing cut by a line of the ground color from apex and a patch on middle of outer margin; on hind wing the pur- plish is restricted to the area above the marginal projection; fore wing with subbasal and inner lines, slender, brown-black, curved; mesial line similar, widened and shaded below, with projections at veins 1 and 2; an obliquely placed discal ringlet filled with yellowish; discal venules lined with yellowish; outer line starting in the costal shade, excurved, then gently incurved, very indistinct except between veins 2-5, where it forms two velvety brown cusps; a small velvety brown spot between veins 2-3, a large one between 3-4 and a small one above vein 4. On the hind wing a line close to base; a straight inner mesial line; discal ringlet nearly occluded; outer line coarsely waved, distinct, followed by velvety brown patches as on the fore wing. Expanse, 25 mm. Type.—One male, No. 14457, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, August, 1911 CR. Miller). Also a male and female from Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection), obviously the same but rubbed. The female lacks the velvety patches beyond the outer line, which is more distinct; the marginal purplish shade is irrorated with yellowish. Genus PHYSOSTEGANIA Warren. PHYSOSTEGANIA MELANORRHGA, new species. Creamy white; fore wing powdered with brown, the lines in the same brown powdering, defined by bands of the ground color on their outer sides; inner curved; median and outer straight, oblique; sub- terminal straight and erect; three brown costal marks at the incep- tions of the three lines. Hind wing with some brown powdering, especially along inner margin, indistinctly defining mesial, outer and subterminal lines on inner half of wing. Male with the anal segment deep black. Expanse, 22 mm. Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 14682, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, June, 1910, and August, 1909 (R. Miller). No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. Sit Two other males have the genitalia contracted and no trace appears of the black anal tuft, except by dissection. Male and female, Popo- catepetl Park, Mexico, 8,000 feet, June, 1906 (W. Schaus); Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico, June, 1906 (W. Schaus). Genus DEILINIA Hubner. DEILINIA GRACIOSA, new species. White, the wings sparsely irrorated with pale gray; the irrorations are arranged irregularly in transverse lines and are partly confluent; an irregular clear space of the ground color represents the inner line; amore distinct one the outer line, its inner edge indicated by a straight line of confluent irrorations; an indistinct space for subterminal line. Hind wing similarly marked. Expanse, 30 mm. Cotypes.—Two males, one female, No. 14683, U.S.N.M., Popocate- petl Park, Mexico, 8,000 feet, June, 1906 (W. Schaus); Zacualpan, Mexico, June, 1910 (R. Miiller). Genus DIGONODES Warren. DIGONODES MAIDIENA, new species. Wings with the outer margin crenulate, the fore wing projecting at the ends of veins 4 and 6. Wood-brown, the color only appearing distinctly at anal angle, all the rest overlaid with blackish, minutely powdery and irrorate; lines gently curved, crenulate, black, single, the outer marked with white points on the veins; discal dot a white point in a black ring; a straight light shade from apex to tornus, nearly touching the outer line centrally. Hind wing similar to fore wing, darkly shaded, lighter at base and margin; an outer mesial black crenulate line; a light space at tornus, sharply limited within. Expanse, 36 mm. Type—One female, No. 14458, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miiller). Genus SELENIA Hubner. SELENIA ISMALIDA, new species. Fore wing gray, mottled-strigose with olivaceous, the median space filled with olivaceous on its lower two-thirds; three costal streaks, at the inceptions of the lines; inner and mesial lines olive-brown, lost below in the shading, the inner line traceable by its pale border; outer line dark, with a light border, strongly angled subcostally, shallowly emarginate between veins 2 and 4; a costo-subapical quad- rate olive-brown patch. Hind wing with the discal area faintly yellowish, mottled, with faint discal dot; a curved outer line, relieved by yellowish beyond, the margin broadly darker gray. Expanse, 25 mm. 812 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44. Type.—Male, No. 14521, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, October, 1910 (R. Miller). A female, which I think belongs to this species, is brown-gray, without the dark shading in median space; inner and median lines brown, distinct, both strongly angled in the middle; marginal space shaded with purplish. Hind wing with the disk more strongly yellow, the purplish freckles distinct; outer line brown-gray, the margin and an area along inner margin brown. Expanse, 30 mm. Zacualpan, Mexico, October, 1911 (R. Miller). SELENIA RICOCHETTA, new species. Brown, the males with a purplish tint, the females red-brown; wings irrorate with darker brown; lines brown, the mner coarsely crenulate and excurved in cell; outer sharply angled subcostally and a little irregular below; mesial line lighter brown and less distinct than the others, sharply angled beyond the cell, running very close to the outer line after the angulation; discal mark narrow, faint, somewhat leaden-tinted. Hind wing with the outer line distinct, preceded by a brown shade that represents the mesial line; purplish clouding subterminally more distinct than on fore wing, i aur a pale submarginal line. Expanse, 32-37 mm. Cotypes. oe ee males and three females, selected from a series, No. 14684, U.S.N.M., Jalapa and Coatepec, Mexico (Schaus collec- tion) ; Orizaba, Mieeiebs September 2 and June, 1908 (R. Miller). Genus HYGROCHROMA Herrich-Schéaffer. HYGROCHROMA HYALOPUNCTA, new species. Male purplish brown, female reddish brown, the wings of the male scarcely falcate at apex, those of the female strongly so with depressed costa. Fore wing with inner line slender, dark, wavy, produced in the cell; median shade distinct, dark, crossmg both wings; discal mark narrow or punctiform, hyaline on both wings; a costo-subapical creamy white patch, more drawn out in the female than in the male; outer line slender, dark, faint; a dark shade upward from tornus. Both wings strigose in darker shade, the hind wing with terminal dark shade on lower half. Expanse, 42-47 mm. Cotypes.—One male, two females, No. 15230, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico (R. Miller); Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). | The specimens from the Schaus collection were labeled nondina Druce, but they differ from that especially in the hyaline discal mark, No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 313 Genus TEPHRINOPSIS Warren. TEPHRINOPSIS CONIARIA, new species. Pale straw color, powdered with brown; fore wing with a large discal dot and four bands of powdery brown; inner one broken centrally; mesial one nearly continuous, but more distinct on costa and inner margin; outer one represented by marks on the costa and margin; subterminal one distinct, broad, preceded by a lighter shade of the ground color. Hind wing with mesial line strongly angled in its middle, its lower limb distinct, its upper limb obsolete; a sub- marginal pale shade, defined by absence of brown irrorations. Expanse, 21 mm. Type.—One female, No. 14452, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miiller). The species looks like Microxydia pulverosa Schaus, but it has the lines of the hind wing bent at an angle. It also resembles Tephrina submarcata Schaus, but this also has straight bands on the hind wing. Genus DIASTICTIS Hubner. DIASTICTIS LAMITARIA, new species. Light lilacine gray, finely dusted with brown; head and collar dull ocherous shaded; fore wing with the inner line very fine and slender; a small dark discal mark; mesial line just beyond, fine, slender, irregularly waved centrally; outer line similar, straighter, bent out- wardly on submedian; subterminal line shaded, with a blotch above vein 5; all the outer lines show dark stains on the costa. Hind wing whitish, freckled with purplish on lower two-thirds; discal dot small; traces of an outer line near inner margin. Expanse, 28 mm. Type.—One male, No. 14453, U.S.N.M., Cerritos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). Allied to D. tenebrosata Hulst. Genus ANISODES Guenée. ANISODES MESOTURBATA, new species. Ground color light ocherous brown, shaded and powdered with dark rusty brown except in the outer half of the median space; inner line dark brown, straight, except for a bend at right angles on sub- costa; discal mark a minute light point in a dark ring; mesial line dark, shaded, dentate on the veins, bent inward on submedian; outer line nearly resolved into dots on the veins, bent outward sub- costally; veins slightly darker outwardly. Hind wing the same except for the inner line; mesial shade just beyond the discal mark; space between it and the outer line pale. Expanse, 28 mm. Type.—One male, No. 14454, U.S.N.M., Cerritos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, August, 1911 (R.Miller). 314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, Genus PHIGALIA Duponchel. PHIGALIA CRYPTAPHELES, new species. Fore wing light gray; inner line double, blackish, curved; mesial line black, distinct and closely followed by a broad parallel grayer, more powdery band; outer line black, broadly broken centrally ex- cept for dots on the veins, indistinctly bordered with vinous without; submarginal line whitish, dentate, obscure; apex lightly blackish clouded. Hind wing white, contrasting; some black specks on inner margin; a slender crenulate terminal black line. Expanse, 28 mm. Cotypes.—Two males, No. 14548, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, October, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus CQ@ANOCALPE Hibner. CC@:NOCALPE SISTENATA, new species. Light gray with slight carneous tint, sparsely irrorate with black, thinly scaled; a dusky outer band on fore wing, roundedly bent mesially and followed by a whitish shade, obsolete below; a dark mark on the middle of costa. Hind wing without markings. Be- néath on fore wing the dark band is repeated in dark scales, the apex is washed with purplish, and a longitudinal streak crosses the purplish field. Hind wing purplish with a dark outer band, running along costa, produced in middle of wing and notched opposite cell; blackish irrorations indistinctly forming a streak directed toward apex. Expense, 26 mm. Type.—Male, No. 14685, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, December, 1911 (R. Miller). Near C. morrisata Hulst, but smaller with the dark markings more distinct. Genus APICIA Guenée. APICIA ENTYCHON, new species. Pale whitish ocherous, more or less shaded with purplish, densely irrorate with purple strige; veins narrowly indicated in brown; lines purple-brown, the inner strongly angled on median vein, the outer angled subcostally, its point directed toward apex; a marginal dark line and discal dot; traces of a mesial line on costal area. Hind wing with the veins dark-lined, a straight band across the middle and terminal line; discal dot small and faint. Expanse, 30-33 mm. Cotypes.—Two females, No. 14686, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, October, 1911 (R. Miller); Cuernavaca, Mexico, June, 1906 (W. Schaus). NO. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 315 Genus STENACIDALIA Packard. STENACIDALIA UNIDENTIFERA, new species. Gray, finely irrorate, with brownish shadings; basal space coarsely powdered with black scales; inner line black, strongly curved, a little irregular; median space shaded with brown, irrorated with black squame; with a brown-black mesial line that starts on costa before middle, forms a loop beyond discal mark and returns obliquely to inner margin at basal third; discal mark small, white, with black bordering scales; outer line black, slightly wavy above, touching the submarginal line in a sharp point, then oblique and coarsely waved to inner margin before middle, forming a larger undulation below with its point on vein 1; submarginal line brown, shaded, even and parallel to outer margin; some brown shading about apex; a terminal broken black line. Hind wing similarly colored, shaded with brown at base; discal dot as on fore wing but fainter; mesial line brown, curved; extra-mesial line black, wavy, with a sharp point near the middle to the submarginal line, white is brown and parallel to the margin; fringe as on fore wing, more strongly crenulate. Expanse, 35 mm. Cotypes—Two males, No. 14549, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, May, 1911 (R. Miller); Cuernavaca, Mexico, May, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus TEPHROSIA Boisduvyal. TEPHROSIA SUPPLANARIA, new species. Light yellowish gray with a greenish tint; base and cell coarsely powdered with black, in which the inner line is faintly shown, bent sub- costally; median line shown as a short black zigzag on costa; discal mark distinct, black, lunate, solid; outer line not far beyond center of wing, black, wavy, broken across the discal venules; a broad shade following it runs down opposite cell and spreads below a little; sub- marginal line of the ground, edged with black shadings on both sides, wavy-crenulate, a little produced at its upper third, where the fol- lowing black shade is distinct and touches the margin; a row of marginal black dots. Hind wing pale gray, irrorate with darker gray; a small black discal dot; faint mesial line, most distinct on inner margin; submarginal line rather more distinct, a broken black terminal line. Expanse, 36 mm. Type.—¥emale, No. 14550, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, October, 1911 (R. Miller). 316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. Family MEGALOPYGIDA. Genus MESOSCIA Hubner. MESOSCIA DUMILLA, new species. Collar and posterior part of thorax white, disk gray; abdomen brownish, with a large gray anal tuft in the female. Fore wing white, crossed by a broad median brown-gray band, which is cut by white veins; the band starts near apex and runs obliquely almost to base, leaving the costa white above the cell and the base of wing white; the band becomes broad on the inner margin and is excised outwardly; a terminal gray band, running from tornus to about vein 5. Hind wing white on the disk, the costa and margins gray. Expanse, 22-30 mm. Type.—Male, No. 14304, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, May, 1910 (R. Miller); Paso San Juan, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico (Schaus col- lection). MESOSCIA EUTECTA, new species. Thorax white, collar and pectus black; legs dark gray; thorax tipped with dark gray; abdomen gray above. Fore wing white; a broad dark gray costal stripe, reaching to the cell and stem of veins 7-9; other veins lined with the same color, especially the branches of the median vein; a shade filling in between vein 1c and median below the cell; a shade between vein 1 and inner margin except at extreme base. Hind wing white. Expanse, 29 mm. Type.—Male, No. 14464, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico, September, 1911 (R. Miller). Family ZYGANID. Genus GINGLA Walker. GINGLA RACONICA, new species. Wings semitranslucent, dull black; body black, an orange shading over the patagia and anterior half of thorax. Expanse, 19.5 mm. Type.—One female, No. 14467, U.S.N.M., Cerritos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). Similar to G. thyesta Druce, but the wing-shape and venation are different. In this species the veins of fore wing are all separate; in thyesta 8 and 9 are stalked. Family LACOSOMIDE. Genus LACOSOMA Grote. “ LACOSOMA MEDALLA, new species. Wings pinkish brown, a little grayer on the outer margin of fore wing; an extra-mesial curved brown line, common to both wings; fore wing with a faint, gray, elongate discal mark; outer margin No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. oat scalloped between the veins, and roundedly produced, between veins 2 and 4; fringe narrowly white. Expanse, 35 mm. Type.—Female, No. 15231, U.S.N.M., Cuernavaca, Mexico, June, 1906 (W. Schaus). Allied to Cicinnus lygia Schaus. LACOSOMA JULIETTA, new species. Fore wing pinkish brown over the disk, shading to red in the cell, the margins broadly gray; lines obsolete; discal mark elliptical, blackish, surrounded by gray; outer margin smooth, produced between veins 2 and 4, the apex sharp. Hind wing gray, irrorated with a few coarse dark specks, the discal mark smaller than on fore wing, but similar. Expanse, 27 mm. Type.—Male, No. 15232, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, July, 1912 (R. Miiller). Closely allied to Z. otalla Schaus and L. rosea Dognin. Family THYRIDIDA. Genus MESKEA Grote. MESKEA HORROR, new species. Fore wing fawn color, shaded with blackish in the cell and with gray terminally; several series of small blackish dots subcostally and in the cell, becoming dense and bordering the veins terminally. Hind wing with a white submarginal band, bent toward the base above tornus, the basal area shaded with black, the termen gray, with dark dots. Expanse, male 30 mm.; female 43 mm. Type—One male, No. 13370, U.S.N.M., Jalapa, Mexico, May, 1908 (R. Miller); one male, Cordoba, Mexico (W. Schaus); three females, Cuernavaca, Mexico, June and July, 1906 (W. Schaus). Similar to I. dyspteraria Grote, but the hind wing drawn out with a sharp point, the outer margin distinctly emarginate. MESKEA SUBAPICULA, new species. Cinereous yellowish, coarsely irrorate with gray, the irrorations in- distinctly arranged in curved transverse bands on outer part of wing; a broad longitudinal black streak below the outer part of the cell. Hind wing with long apical point, strigose and shaded with gray, forming broad bands through the middle and along outer margin. Abdomen blackish gray. Expanse, 19-21 mm. Cotypes.—Two specimens, No. 14687, U.S.N.M., Oaxaca, Mexico, August, 1911 (W. D. Hunter), labeled as ‘‘injuring cotton.” Genus DYSODIA Clemens. DYSODEA MONAVA, new species. Olivaceous gray, the bases of both wings infiltrated with straw yellow, covered with dark dense striz; fore wing with small trian- 318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, gular white spot in cell, beyond which a dark band, broad on costa; a narrow submarginal line, partly attached to the small reticulations; termen narrowly dark. Hind wing with the spot in the cell large with an indentation outwardly, all the area beyond it to the termen dark; submarginal line indistinct and broken. Body parts yellowish, olivaceous gray. Expanse, 23 mm. Type.—One male, No. 14305, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, June, 1910 (R. Miiller). Family PYRALID. Subfamily PYRAUSTIN &. Genus PHLYCTANODES Guenée. PHLYCTZNODES CUPREICOSTALIS, new species. Lustrous yellowish, the wings semitranslucent; collar and costa cupreous brown; lines slender, brown-gray; inner line even, gently curved; orbicular and reniform gray-brown, solid; outer line gently outcurved, then running inward on vein 2 to a point below origin of vein 3, then straight to inner margin; termen narrowly cupreous brown; fringe gray-brown. Hind wing with a single mesial line, similar to the outer line of fore wing, more sharply angled on its bend on vein 3, the reentrant part obsolete; fringe as on fore wing. Ex- panse, 27 mm. Cotypes—Male and female, No. 14449, U.S.N.M., Guadalajara, Mexico (Schaus collection); Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus NOMOPHILA Hubner. NOMOPHILA IRREGULALIS, new species. Fore wing powdery gray, with a somewhat carneous underground, darker shaded along the costa; inner line slender, blackish, irregularly dentate; orbicular a dot; reniform a black crescent; outer line strongly excurved over cell and bent on vein 1, irregularly dentate, the points a little pronounced with a slight tendency to form dots; a terminal slender black line. Hind wing silky, whitish, with faint carneous tint. Expanse, 27 mm. Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 14497, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mex- ico, September, 1911 (R. Miller). Genus PYRAUSTA Schrank. PYRAUSTA MINIMISTRICTA, new species. Fore wing dark gray, slightly or completely washed with crimson; an outer broad pale gray band, oblique, a little inflexed below; a faint light ray outwardly from base. Hind wing dark fuscous, a little lighter toward base. Expanse, 14 mm, No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 319 Cotypes.—Three specimens, No. 14448, U.S.N.M., selected from a series, Tehuacan, Mexico, October, 1910, September, 1911 (RK. Miller). PYRAUSTA XANTHOCRYPTA, new species. Vertex and upper aspect of palpi dull ocherous partly hidden by gray; fore wing dark gray, the lines faintly relieved, dark, with whitish edges; inner slightly curved, its inner whitish border faint; a dark dot in the cell and one at the end, a whitish streak between them; outer line straight, then strongly incurved on its lower third, upward a little, then straight to inner margin, its outer whitish edging distinct. Hind wing fuscous with more or less distinct outer flexuous dark line. Expanse, 17-18 mm. Cotypes—Four specimens, No. 14692, U.S.N.M., Mexico City, Mexico, July, 1909 (R. Miller); San Diego, California, May 7 and 20, June 22, 1911 (G. H. Field). One of the cotypes is in Mr. Field’s collection. Genus CROCIDOLOMIA Zeller. CROCIDOLOMIA PALINDIALIS Guenée. Spilodes palindialis GUENEE, Spec. Gen., Lep., vol. 8, 1854, p. 380. Botys pyrenealis WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., pt. 18, 1859, p. 580. Botys medonalis WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., pt. 18, 1859, p. 599. Crocidolomia palindialis Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 758. Evergestis dyaralis FERNALD, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 9, 1901, p. 49. Evergestis dyaralis Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 4, 1901, p. 460. Evergestis dyaralis FERNALD, Bull. 52, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1903, p. 380, No. 4333. This species is of wide tropical distribution. I have several speci- mens before me from Mexico, and have collected it in southern Florida. CROCIDOLOMIA OCHRITACTA, new species. Fore wing shining olive brown; inner line fine, blackish, obsolescent, angled in the middle, forming a blotch on inner margin; discal margin lunate, outlined finely in blackish, indistinct; outer line punctiform, angled subcostally, followed by a faint lighter shade; a terminal row of black dashes, emphasized at apex and tornus, the former outwardly oblique minutely, the latter with a light spot in the otherwise dark fringe. Hind wing brownish semitranslucent; a broad even outer black band; fringe dark ocher, except at apex and tornus where it is black. Expanse, 27 mm. Type.—Male, No. 15233, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico, June, 1912 (R. Miller). Genus POLYGRAMMODES Guenée. POLYGRAMMODES BZUSCALIS, new species. Light brown with a reddish tinge, the margins grayish shaded; fore wing with the inner line grayish black, oblique to submedian, then in- 320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, curved; cell hyaline, with blackish central spot and double bar at the end; outer line gray, crenulate, central segment dislocated outward between veins 3 and 5; asubterminal wavy shade. Hind wing with the cell hyaline, a small central black dot and outward reniform mark like the fore wing but with some hyaline area beyond it; outer line and margin as on fore wing. Expanse, 47 mm. Type.—Male, No. 15234, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, June, 1912, (R. Miiller). Apparently allied to P. rufinalis Hampson from Venezuela.’ EDIA, new genus. Palpi porrect, rostriform, the third joint downward curved and hidden in hair, extending about the length of the head in front. Fore wing trigonate, veins 2 to 5 well separated, the lower part of cell rounded; veins 6, 7 well separated, well below the apex of the cell; 8, 9 stalked, 10 close to the base of the stalk, 11 far removed from apex of cell. Hind wing with the cell produced on its lower half, veins 2 to 5 well separated, 6,7 stalked from the upper angle of cell, 7 broadly anastomosing with 8 beyond its separation from 6. Allied to Protrigonia Hampson.? Type-species.— Edia microstagma, new species. EDIA MICROSTAGMA, new species. Fore wing light gray; a black speck at base of costa; inner line curved, black, broad, distinct, shaded outwardly, an inward notch below median vein, an oblique dash slightly within on inner margin, running out on a long oblique scale-tooth; a minute whitish spot in cell, surrounded by, black; a brown shading beyond, diffused out- wardly; apex broadly brown shaded, in which are black streaks on the veins with shorter white ones above and in the fringe. Hind wing fuscous with a faint outer curved dark line followed by whitish blotches toward tornus. Expanse, 19-20 mm. Cotypes.—One male, one female, No. 15235, U.S.N.M. , Tehuacan, Mexico, June, 1912 (R. Miller); Huachuca Monntaine eee iy July 24-30 (Dr. W. Barnes). The Arizonan specimen is larger and lighter than the Mexican one, the brown shade on middle of fore wing is less extensive and the fringes of hind wing are white. A second specimen from Arizona has been in the hands of Prof.C. H. Fernald for many years (labeled 108) and will ultimately rest in Doctor Barnes’ col- lection. Subfamily CRAMBIN 2. . Genus DORATOPERAS Hampson. DORATOPERAS SYSTRAPEGUS, new species. Body and fore wing light creamy yellow, the fore wing sparsely irrorated with black; a rather large black discal mark; lines brown, 1 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 198. 2 Moths of India, vol. 4, 1896, p. 414. No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 321 faint; first line beyond the middle, very irregular, strongly excurved over cell and dentate on the veins; outer line submarginal, strongly dentate on the veins; a row of terminal black dots. Hind wing whitish with terminal dusky black dashes. Expanse, 53 mm. Cotypes—Two males, No. 14447, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller); Omai, British Guiana (W. Schaus). Subfamily HPIPASCHIIN 2. Genus TIOGA Hulst. TIOGA BUNNIOTIS, new species. Basal area broad, ocherous, shading to dark brown outwardly, finally black just before the white inner line, which is slightly ex- curved below the middie; a black costal dash at base; rest of the wing light gray; outer line white, finely denticulate, edged within by black narrowly; terminal space shaded with blackish especially apically. Hind wing pale fuscous, shading to blackish along the margin rather darker in the female; a terminal black line; fringe light at base. Expanse, 20-26 mm. Cotypes.—Three males, one female, No. 14688, U.S.N.M., Orizaba, Mexico, November, 1911 (R. Miller); Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus collection); Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). PARANATULA, new genus. Palpi upturned, in the male with a long thick basal process, hairy on its upper side. Fore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from the angle of the cell, 4, 5 closely approximated for one-fourth their length, 6 from the upper angle of the cell, 7 to 9 stalked, 10 free but close to the stalk of 7-9 at base. Hind wing with vein 3 from the lower point of the cell, 4, 5 stalked for half their length, 6 from the cell, 7 anasto- mosing with 8. Type-species.—Paranatula zographica, new species. PARANATULA ZOGRAPHICA, new species. Fore wing violaceous gray, the basal and terminal areas light pinkish gray; basal area diffused outwardly, a narrow black dash on inner margin at base and one outwardly below center of cell; traces of an irregular black mesial line; outer line black, distinct, curved in a gentle arc from outer third of costa to outer fourth of inner margin, limiting the mesial gray area; faint clouded gray subter- minal shade. Hind wing fuscous tinged outwardly, the veins darker, fringe pale. Expanse, 17 mm. Cotypes.—One male, two females, No. 15236, U.S.N.M., Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection); Orizaba, Mexico, June, 1912 (R. Miller); Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13 21 322 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, Subfamily PH YCITIN 2. Genus MELITARA Walker. MELITARA PARABATES, new species. Head and thorax dark gray, intermixed with blackish scales; abdo- men whitish, the segments gray dorsally. Fore wing light gray, a little shaded with brownish on the inner half; some blackish shading at base; inner line remote from base, black, double, dentate, the outer line the most distinct, with a long tooth in cell and below median vein; a blackish shade-band mesially below cell; discal mark of two joined dots; subcostal veins above the cell black-lined; outer line near the margin, black, strongly dentate, indistinctly doubled out- wardly, an inward tooth opposite discal mark, smaller teeth on the discal venules, an inward tooth on vein 1; veins in terminal space dark-lined; a row of terminal black dots. Hind wing white, the apex tipped with gray. Expanse, 39 mm. Type.—Female, No. 14446, U.S.N.M., Cerritos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). . Genus EUZOPHERA Zeller. EUZOPHERA GRISELDA, new species. Dark blackish gray, without any reddish tint; lines far out, the inner at the middle of wing, whitish, edged with dark gray toward each other, the inner a little irregular and strongly incurved at sub- median, the outer finely subdentate, excurved centrally and inward on submedian; discal mark squarish, white. Hind wing whitish, shaded with fuscous along the veins and in a narrow marginal band. Expanse, 26 mm. Cotypes.—Two females, No. 14551, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, September, 1911 (R. Miller). EUZOPHERA IMMORELLA, new species. Fore wing rather dark gray, powdered with black; inner line black, produced outward into a tooth in the middle, the costal segment forming an oblique thick band; discal mark of two dots conjoined by their inner angles; outer line double, black, oblique, slightly crenu- late and with an inward angle opposite the discal mark. Hind wing whitish, semihyaline, tinged with fuscous on veins and’ margin. Expanse, 25 mm. Cotypes.—Two females, No. 15237, U.S.N.M., Tehuacan, Mexico, July, 1912 (R. Miiller); Oaxaca, Mexico (Schaus collection), the latter labeled “‘ Euzophera sp., not in B. M.” in the writing of Sir G. F. Hampson. No. 1951. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 323 BALLOVIA, new genus. With the characters of Pristarthria Ragonot,’ but the antenne of the male have only a single tooth in the basal sinus. Type-species.—Ballovia cistipennis, new species. BALLOVIA CISTIPENNIS, new species. Fore wing gray, with more or less of a whitish shade through the middle; a large rounded black spot in the center of the wing in the position of the inner line, outlined by the whitish shading, which in dark specimens forms an annulus about it; discal mark lunate, dark, faint; outer line whitish, curved inward below costa and at sub- median fold, a dark gray shade within it in pale specimens, widening below; subterminal line whitish, preceded and followed by gray dots, which are illy contrasted in dark specimens. Hind wing whitish, translucent, a little yellowish tinted on margin; inner margin folded and swollen in the male, covering yellowish androconia. Expanse, 20-21 mm. Cotypes.—Four males, one female, No. 15238, U.S.N.M., Wildey, Barbados, October 31, 1911 (H. A. Ballou, Commissioner of Agri- culture, Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies), larve injurious to cowpeas. Family COSSIDA. Genus GIVIRA Walker. GIVIRA GABRIEL, new species. Dark gray. Fore wing pale gray on the central third, brownish gray at base and in a large area over the discal venules; a semilunate deep brown bar, touching the costa subapically, surrounded by white; a similar upright angular marking on middle of inner margin, nearly reaching costa; a slight olivaceous tint in the shading along inner margin; reticulations indistinct, dotted along the costal area, very fine on lower part of wing. Hind wing whitish gray, finely powdery- reticulate. Expanse, 34 mm. One male, Cerritos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miiller). Type.—No. 14468, U.S.N.M. GIVIRA FELICOMA, new species. Reddish brown, the costa and outer area of wing gray, all with dense, short, clouded gray strigee; a dark cloud at end of cell, followed by brighter reddish; dark also between the discal venules, which are themselves reddish lined. Hind wing whitish, with but few gray strige. Expanse, 36 mm. 1Monog. Phye. et Gall., Mém. Lép. Romanoff, vol. 7, 1893, p. 326. 324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, Type-—Male, No. 15239, Cuernavaca, Mexico, April, 1912 (R. Miller). Close to G. flavescens Dognin, but more densely strigose, especially on the outer half of wing. Genus ARBELA Moore. ARBELA NAIDA, new species. Fore wing brownish gray, the strige small and sparse, forming wavy lines on the outer part of wing; a blackish cloud beyond cell; a slender silvery white line along inner margin to middle; a terminal row of black streaks at the terminations of the veins. Hind wing gray, scarcely strigose, with terminal marks as on fore wing. Ex- panse, 81 mm. Male antenne simple. Type.—Male, No. 15240, U.S.N.M., Cuernavaca, Mexico, April, 1912 (R. Miller). A NEWLY FOUND METEORITE FROM NEAR CULLISON, PRATT COUNTY, KANSAS.1 By Grorer P. MERRILL, Head Curator of Geology, United States National Museum. The stone described below was found by Mr. A. J. Oshel, who writes that ‘“‘it struck the earth December 22, 1902, on the northeast corner of section 25, township 28, range 15, in Pratt County.” As it was not found until 1911 we are confronted with the usual doubt as to whether the stone is actually the one seen to fall on the date given. The oxidized condition of its crust leaves no doubt as to its having Jain for a considerable time in the ground, but for how long there is no means of estimating. Excepting for the natural feeling of caution that exists in the mind of every man experienced in such matters, there is no apparent reason for not accepting the date given. The general appearance of the stone is shown in figures 1 and 2 of plate 54. It is a very complete individual, a chip of a few grams weight only having been broken from one edge. There exists no large, recently broken surface to suggest that it became broken after reaching our atmosphere, or that the one stone may not constitute the entire fall. The crust, which extends practically over the entire surface, is very thin and has suffered to such an extent through oxidation that nothing of value can be learned from its study. Except for an occasional slightly protruding metallic point where it has been rubbed, and for the pittings, the appearance of the stone is so like that of a weathered bowlder of a dense, fine-grained trappean rock that for some time there existed a doubt as to its true nature, a doubt which was, however, immediately dispelled on viewing a thin section through the microscope. On a broken surface the stone is nearly black and without structural features or metallic points recognizable to the unaided eye. Characteristic pittings are present, particularly on the broad end shown at the lower right in the figures of plate 54. Both of the views on this plate, it should be stated, are somewhat diagonal in order to bring into view as much of the surface as possi- ble, and hence fail to show the full size of the stone. The maximum 1 Catalogue No. 430, U. S. National Museum. PROcEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 44—No. 1952. 395 326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, dimensions are as follows: 21 em. by 25 cm. by 12 cm.; weight, 10.10 kilograms. As mentioned above, the stone is so dense and fine-grained that nothing of its mineral nature can be learned from an examination of a broken surface by the unaided eye. A sawn and polished surface is, however, abundantly specked with small metallic points and numerous chondrules. In the main the distribution of the metallic constituents is fairly even, but diversified by stringers of either metal alone or metal and metallic sulphide together, which seem for the most part to have a general trend; that is, their longer axes show a tendency toward parallelism as though developed along lines of weak- ness caused by shearing. (PI. 55, fig. 2.) In the thin section the meteoric nature of the stone is at once apparent. Everywhere it presents a dense aggregate of small chondrules, sometimes mere fragments or again remarkable for their sharp and circular outline, imbedded in a fragmental and tuff-like ground. In its mineral composition the stone presents nothing new; olivine, orthorhombic and monoclinic pyroxenes and fragmentary plagioclase feldspars, together with metallic iron and iron sulphides, make up the entire recognizable constituents. As noted later (p. 330), there seems a possibility of the one-time presence of oldhamite. The stone is of interest, however, from the diversity of the chondritic forms which it carries. There are the common monosomatic, barred, grate-like and porphyritic forms composed wholly of olivine; the radiating fan-like forms composed of enstatite; also porphyritic forms composed of enstatite in a smoky or felt-like glass, and still further chondrules composed wholly of twinned, monoclinic pyroxenes. These last sometimes display a structure which is new to me, the outer rim consisting of crystals somewhat curved to conform to the outline of the chondrule and elongated in the direction of their vertical axes, so that sections in other than the orthopinacoid zone show more or less distinct striations. Interiorly this type of chondrule is a mass of imperfectly outlined granules some of which show twin strie, but the structure as a rule is very obscure and no attempt has been made to reproduce it in detail by photograph or drawing. An occasional form is met with in which the interior is wholly of a yellowish glass while the rim is of a fibrous pyroxenic (?) material radiating from a common center. Several minute and very nearly circular chondrules were noted, like a slightly brownish, wine-tinted homogeneous glass traversed by numerous cracks into which secondary iron oxides had penetrated. Between crossed nicols this glass proves not absolutely isotropic, but a portion remains light, the dark cloud sweeping over it as the stage is revolved, in a manner to suggest a condition of mechanical stress. Occasional faintly bluish-gray forms occur which are apparently comparable with those described by Tschermak in the stone of Tipperary. no. 1952. NEW METEORITE FROM CULLISON, KANSAS—MERRILL. 3827 In slicing this stone the saw passed through the larger diameter of a nodular mass some 10 by 17 mm. of a distinctly lighter, somewhat ereenish-white color, which from its sharp boundaries at once excited interest, and steps were taken to secure a thin section without wholly destroying the material. (See pl. 55, figs. 1 and 2.) This section, when placed under the microscope, was found to be composed, with the exception of a few grains of troilite, wholly of the twinned pyroxene noted as occurring sporadically in the body of the meteorite. It is to be noted, however, that the structure is not chondritic, but the entire mass is made up of granular and columnar forms elongated parallel with the vertical axes, all closely interknit, with no residual glass, forming the hypidiomorphic granular structure of Rosenbusch. Though an abundant constituent of the surrounding mass, no me- tallic iron could be detected in the body of the nodule. The dark points shown in the photograph are of iron sulphide. Incidental to this inclosure attention should be called to another structural feature of even greater import. This is a somewhat indistinct wavy banding visible only on a polished surface. Close inspection shows this to be due to elongated, illy defined areas of a dark greenish color with intervening wavy, narrower bands, some- times mere lines, of a darker hue. The wider greenish bands are thickly studded with rounded spots caused by chondrules, which are much less abundant in the dark bands. The metallic particles, both sulphide and native iron, seem to be disseminated through all por- tions alike. The effect is of a nature that might be produced by a shearing force exerted on a body already solidified but still capable of yielding; in other words, it corresponds apparently with the schlieren structure of terrestrial rocks. That this structure is actual is further shown by the tendency of the larger metallic sulphides to be elongated in this same general direction. It is further to be noted that minute rifts which have opened in the stone since its fall, and are obviously due to exposure, all tend in the same general direction. Indeed it seems probable that the shape of the mass as found is due to a natural tendency to exfoliation along these lines, the maximum dimensions given on page 326 being those parallel with the schlieren lines mentioned. This structure is brought out somewhat obscurely in figure 2 of plate 55 from a photograph of a polished slice, and reproduced about two-thirds of the actual size. In the upper left is shown the pyroxene inclosure already described. An irregular band some 10 mm. in width is conspicuous, extending entirely across the surface from left to right just below this inclosure, and shorter areas again below this. An attempt was made to bring out this structure still more clearly in figure 1 of this plate from a photographic enlargement of about five diameters. The inclosure is here seen imbedded in a darker 328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44, ground displaying structures which to my mind can be explained only on the supposition that it was imbedded in a finer ash-like ground which, on being subjected to a shearing movement, had yielded, giving results closely simulating the flow structure produced under similar conditions in terrestrial rocks. A brecciated structure is not uncommon in meteorites. Indeed, the mineral constituents of stony meteorites are more common in a fragmental condition than otherwise. 100. 00 The metallic portion yielded— Per cent DROME Rees re NO Sie ee Selo ee Meee eat. i ae LS 129 STG LSU ee eR i ee oats eget at sa Se le a Trace PHOS PRORMIS Pele 08 lect ates elds sts eee eee ole 071 UCISOUE oo eres ee ek Set ee LOU hee a ee 9. 207 WoODelte somes e totem aint a ok ae at va uh Mes ieel ioe To. 507 535 0S RRA, FI Bue re OR A gc Ae Ra ee a 040 Chrormitumrtisaeeett teres sete kh Sas ee oS eT Ne 160 ARON: ees se ee Stet ee nee Se ea Pe ee 088 Manpamcce ese scn hel ose ey eR Ion 2 ee eo 080 Se ee a ee ee ES ee te ee ae ee ea | eae 89. 700 99. 982 No traces found of molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadium. The silicate portion yielded— Per cent. STDC aie ere op Mee atgo rene ree, thy wale Wea eine Beep, SOR eh Ae 47. 36 PATTI a ee ee Sea Pee AcE sore eka ee EEC 5. 67 BI GTTICIO RG © sys fase ac eae faa ES re et See Se NS he 10 GRO UST OR eee ae oaks er yertae VR Aca kts Petey crates ER IL WAIN OM = Sy Pea ee ksce RPM RRS EP AEST AD YW SCM SPRAAR ACT | EP RIAL #8 84 1 OP ST a RE a iy SD rs BAS SS Ae A 31. 72 Motapanere protomide (y's 25 ack. bot ee es i iad ee eels 36 poLoa CVn AB Se ease Se WS RU A DIA At OR a Ue Cg a Se 2, 42 A EP) 05) GTS BENT OE ARS TA UP Tee ON ae hie ee er pp R e 23 pL Tau Tern ott Ce nega RI Pina Bisel tied yee Dua a DEL of emcee Si 00 99. 95 Combining the metallic and nonmetallic portions and recalculating after making the very unsafe assumptions that the material called troilite is all the monosulphide, and that the schreibersite conforms to the formula Fe,NiP, the following figures-are obtained, representing the composition of the stone in mass or bulk: Per cent. lies (SH, jen stot ele RN a tees 2 ease aero 2 35. 30 Puieeanbist (ALO) ss cae setae AS afe ye Seas Mee rr 4.24 Femme iron (t'6,0;,)2 ad ssee ere aed ee cin aes 2 hs ee te 75 Wernons iron’ (PeQ). -ste222 Sere 8 i, Fae 8. 38 Mise CAUE i552 eee tee eee PERO ee alse, Ree aed . 62 1 This analysis is one of several made by Doctor Whitfield for the present writer under a grant from the National Academy of Sciences, to which body he is indebted for the privilege of utilizing the same here. 330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 44. Per cent. Maoneniy (MEO)... .cc.nem ace ee urst obs wes dork een 23. 631 Manganese oxide (MnO). .odcctive sem se ser oe EOE . 268 Bade CNAs oot ein enter ek ks 6m cc's os eee eee 1. 804 Potash (K,O}- 2.3 c0 tesserae aes oes sete eee Nae 171 Meipiiter (Be. 2 ek Ce a aa is doll anne eae eee 2. 184 PROsORORGH CE Joo hee eee Seek soe ae tel ee ee ee 0138 Wiekel GMT). etd ace ee pete eae oS Ss been Pe eens 1. 80 Canale (Coyl 20 ee ceee pae ae a oS a Ste ae leg eee . 098 Copper (Oa) eo ren acer es sae os eae 80™) & MAAN. rowed between the eyes, its sides parallel; front encroaching onto the inner margin of the eye in a broad, shallow sinus, in which the anten- ne (a) are located. Antenne, 17-segmented; the scapal segments almost smooth or with very small hairs; both segments short, the first cylindrical, the second oval, its distal end more enlarged; the flagellar segments clothed with dense appressed hairs; basal flagellar segments almost subequal; apical segments more elongated. (See figs. 1 and 2.) Mouth-parts yellow, the labium brown; maxillary palpi dark brown; clypeus dull brownish gray; antennz dark brown, the cloth- ing of hairs on the flagellum rather paler. 834 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, Front dark brown, black apically and with a narrow median stripe; vertex brown with a black U-shaped mark between the eyes; occiput and gene brown. Cervical sclerites prominent, transverse, deep velvety black on the dorsal mid line, grayish brown laterally. Thoraz.—Pronotum, the secutum projects on the dorsal surface of the insect, the scutellum is not visible from above, dark brown, paler on the sides. Mesonotum, prescutum gray, the extreme mid line nar- rowly black; on either side of this, extending from the cephalic margin of the sclerite backward to the transverse suture where they become confluent, a broad chestnut stripe; laterad of this, near the middle of the sclerite, a broad brownish-chestnut stripe runs back- ward, interrupted by the shallow, open, transverse suture. Scutum light brown mesially, caused by the spreading out of the central prescutal stripes; on the sides of the sclerite are the well-defined ras rst A Fie. 3.—WING OF TANYDERUS PATAGONICUS. Sci, SUBCOSTA 1; Ri), RADIUS 1; Rs, RADIUS 5; Mi, MEDIA 1; Cu,, CUBITUS 1; 1st A, ANAL. continuations of the brownish-chestnut lateral prescutal stripes; scutellum and post-notum rich brown; metanotum dull brown. Pleure, spiracles prominent, spongy in appearance, yellow; epi- pleuree gray, sternal region more brown. WHalteres brown, stem slightly paler. Legs, coxe, and trochanters dull gray; femora rich brown; dark brown at the tip; tibia extreme base and tip brown, remainder yellow; tarsi dark brown. Wings.—Venation, Sc long, its tip nearer the fork of R,,, than to the fork of R,+,; a spurat the fork of Sc; aslight spur at the origin of R,; an oblique supernumerary cross vein in cell R,; a second one in cell R;. Anal angle of the wing not especially prominent. Wings (fig. 3) subhyaline, veins brown; cells C and Sc yellow; wings marked with gray and brown as follows: Brown; a rounded spot at the base of the wing under the cross vein h; a second at the origin of R,; a third under the tip of Sc; a large irregular spot ex- tending along the cord which is on the proximal half of the wing; a No. 1953. REVISION OF FAMILY PTYCHOPTERIDE—ALEXANDER. 335 brown seam on the two supernumerary cross veins and on m; stigma oval, lighter brown. The gray extends as an irregular band distad of the supernumerary cross veins; and as an interrupted band prox- imad of the cord; an isolated spot in the ends of the cells Cu, and Cu. Abdomen.—Tergum light yellowish brown; a narrow brown median stripe; caudal edge of the sclerites gray, interrupted medially by the brown median line; lateral edge of the sclerites dark brownish black, narrowest caudally; segment eight dark brown; genital segment light brown. Sternum light yellowish white, a brown transverse sub-basal band; eighth segment dark brown. I wish to thank Dr. W. A. Riley, of Cornell, for kind assistance with this paper. Holotype.—Latitude Cove, Patagonia; United States Bureau of Fisheries; accession No. 21999. Type.—Cat. No. 14919, U.S.N.M. TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS COLLECTED IN COSTA RICA BY MR. PICADO, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES. By Harriet RIcHARDSON, Collaborator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, United States National Museum. Some terrestrial isopods collected in Costa Rica by Mr. C. Picado were sent by Mr. J. F. Tristan to the United States National Museum for determination. They were found on epiphytic plants of the family Bromeliacez (‘‘wild pines”) and were mostly collected at an altitude of 2,000-2,500 meters. Among them are some specimens representing a new genus of Oniscide. Other terrestrial isopods collected in Costa Rica by Mr. J. F. Tristan were also sent to the United States National Museum about the same time. These were collected in the Bromelias in the old crater of ‘‘ Reventado”’ near the Volcano Irazu. Mr. Tristan writes that the old crater is covered with forest. Family ONISCID. PENTONISCUS, new genus. Body with the abdomen abruptly narrower than the thorax. Head with median and antero-lateral lobes small. Second antenne with a flagellum composed of five articles, the third and fourth rather indistinctly separated. Mouth parts as in the other genera referred to this family. Inner lamella of the second maxilla furnished with two plumose sete. Mandibles with molar expansion obsolete, and replaced by a recurved seta; cutting edge formed of three blunt teeth. Maxillipeds with palp composed of three articles, the last very narrow and elongate; masticatory lobe short and truncate at tip. Terminal segment of abdomen triangular, with apex obtuse. Uropods of a structure similar to those in the other genera in the family. The type of the genus is Pentoniscus pruinosus, new species. This genus differs from all the known genera of Oniscide in having the flagellum of the second antenne composed of five articles. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 44—No, 1954. 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13——22 337 338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, PENTONISCUS PRUINOSUS, new species. Body oblong-ovate, 4 mm. long and 14 mm. wide. Color reddish- brown with wavy lines of yellow on either side of the median line. Head wider than long, with the front not margined. Antero- lateral lobes small; front slightly produced in the middle in a widely rounded lobe. Eyes very small, black, and situated about the middle of the lateral margin. The second antennz have the first article short, the second and third subequal, and each a little longer than the first; the fourth is one and a half times longer than the third; the fifth is a little longer than the fourth. The flagellum consists of five articles, the third and fourth being rather indis- tinctly separated, and a long terminal spine equal in length to the flagellum. The first segment of the thorax is a little longer than any of the following seg- ee Ge Oe a ments, which are ir ee subequal. The post -lateral an- - [ gles of the last | three segments are produced backward; those Fic. 2.—PENTONISCUS PRUINOSUS. SECOND ANTENN2. Fig. 1.—PENTONISCUS PRUINOSUS, of the first four segments are rounded. —. The abdomen is abruptly narrower than the thorax. The lateral paris of the first two segments are concealed by the seventh thoracic lL Ss Fic. 3.—PENTON- Fig. 4.—PENTON- Fic. 5.—PENTON- ISCUS PRUINO- ISCUS PRUINO- ISCUS PRUINO- sus. MAXILLI- sus. INNER LA- sus. MANDI- ee MELLA OF SEC- SS OND MAXILLA,. segment. The post-lateral angles of the three following segments are produced backward in very acute angles. The first segment is a lit- tle shorter than any of the others, which are subequal. The sixth or terminal segment is triangular, with the apex rounded. The pedun- cle of the uropoda extends almost to the extremity of the terminal no.1954.. NEW ISOPODS FROM COSTA RICA—RICHARDSON. 339 abdominal segment. The branches are styliform, the inner being the shorter and about equal in length to the terminal abdominal segment; the outer branch is about one and a third times as long as the inner. About 11 specimens were collected at Estrella, at an altitude of 2,000 meters, by Mr. Picado. Locality 7.—One specimen at La Mica, in the mountains south- west of Orosé. Collected by Mr. Picado. Locality 2.—Fourteen specimens at La Estrella, in the Bromelias, several meters from the ground. Collected by Mr. Picado. Locality 6.—About 16 specimens at La Mica, in the mountains southwest of Orosé. Collected by Mr. Picado. Locality 4.—About 30 specimens at Pitahaya (south of Cartago). Collected by Mr. Picado. In color and color markings the new species is similar to Porcel- lionides pruinosus (Brandt). Type.—Cat. No. 43771, U.S.N.M. PHILOSCIA MUSCORUM (Scopoli). Locality 3—La Pitahaya (south of Cartago). (Color pattern typical.) Collected by Mr. Picado. Locality 1.—lLa Estrella, in Bromelias, several meters from the eround. Collected by Mr. Picado. The color pattern is somewhat different in these specimens, there being a double series of light patches on each’side of the mesosome, one series at the base of the side plates and the other or the outer side of the series of dark patches. The median dark band also has light patches. Locality 5—La Mica, mountains southwest of Orosé. (About the same as No. 1.) Collected by Mr. Picado. Locality 6—La Mica, mountains southwest of Orosé. The dark patches are almost entirely obliterated by the presence of the light patches. Collected by Mr. Picado. Locality 2.—(Same as locality 1.) In some specimens the color pattern is the same as No. 1; in others the same as No. 6. Collected by Mr. Picado. Locality.—Reventado. Collected by Mr. Tristan. In some speci- mens the color pattern is the same as No. 1; in others it is the same as No. 6; in others it is like No. 1, but with a transverse row of light spots on the posterior margin of each of the thoracic segments. In some of the smaller specimens the first article of the flagellum of the second antenne is not much longer than either of the other two articles. In the male specimens the first two pairs of legs have the propodus somewhat more inflated than in the specimens of Philoscia muscorum from North America with which I have compared them. 340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44. The following were also collected by Mr. Picado: Locality 8 —The specimens are like those from locality 3. Color pattern typical. Locality 11.—Orosé, 1,200 meters altitude, July. The specimens are more like those from locality 8. Locality.—Planton, 2,500 meters altitude, May. Similar to speci- mens from locality No. 1. Locality —La Estrella, 2,000 meters altitude, May. In one speci- men the color pattern is typical. In two it is like those from locality No. 1. In two others it is still different, being more like No. 6. ' ALLONISCUS, species? Locality 4.—One imperfect specimen was obtained at Pitahaya, Costa Rica. Collected by Mr. Picado. SOME FOSSIL INSECTS FROM FLORISSANT, COLORADO. By T. D. A. CocKERELL, Of the University of Colorado, Boulder. When visiting the United States National Museum during the summer of 1911, I examined the collection of fossil insects, and picked out three undetermined species which were of special interest, asking permission to study them. These are reported on herewith. The specimens are from the Miocene shales at Florissant, Colorado, and form a part of the Gustav Hambach collection. JI have added descriptions of two Hymenoptera collected at Florissant in 1912. Order NEUROPTERA Linnezeus. Family HEMEROBIID Stephens, emend. Westwood. The Hemerobiide, as understood by most authors, are divided by Handlirsch into several families, namely, Dilaride, Osmylide, Polysteechotids, Sisyride, Nympheside, and Hemerobiide. Of these, the Hemerobiide proper are abundantly represented in the North American fauna, while (according to Banks, as shown by his recent catalogue) we have two species of Polystwchotes, one each of Sisyra and Climacia (Sisyride), and one of Dilar. The Osmylide are not represented. In the Miocene shales of Florissant we find instead one Polystechotes, two Osmylide, and no Hemerobiidx; Sisyridz, or Dilaride. Probably not much importance should be attached to the apparent absence of several groups, but the existence of Osmylide, an Old World group, is significant, and in harmony with other facts, such as the occurrence of a species of Nemopteride in the shales. Osmylus, although made the type of a distinct family Osmylide by Handlirsch, according to the more usual classification falls in Hemerobiidz, where, however, it will at least typify a subfamily Osmylinz. PrRoceepinas U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 44—No. 1955. 341 3842 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, Genus OSMYLIDIA Cockerell. OSMYLIDIA REQUIETA (Scudder). Osmylus requietus ScuDDER, Tertiary Insects N. America, 1890, p. 162. Osmylidia requieta (ScuDDER), COCKERELL, Canadian Entomologist, vol. 40, 1908, p. 342. . Scudder described one of the Florissant Osmylids as Osmylus requietus. He prefaced his account! with the following remarks: The species we have placed here agrees somewhat closely with the species from amber, Osmylus pictus, referred by Hagen to this genus, but differs from it in its lack of any diverse coloring in the wings, as well as in some minor points of the neuration, as in the distance of the outer series of gradate veinlets from the outer border of the wing, their regular connection with one of the basal branches of the radius, the regularity of the inner series of gradate veinlets, as well as the structure of the cubital region. The two Tertiary species, however, agree together, and dis- agree with the living types in the simple character of the costal nervules, the much smaller number of sectors, and the character of the basal half of the wing, where the sectorial interspaces are regular and broken by few and irregularly scattered cross veins, instead of being so numerously supplied as to break up the field into an almost uniform and minute reticulation. The two fossil species would therefore appear to form a section apart. I found Osmylus requietus Scudder in the shale at station 13 of the Florissant region. The specimen agreed with Scudder’s type, except that it was a little smaller, the wings 14 mm. long instead of over 15. Fic. 1.—VENATION OF OSMYLIDIA REQUIETA (SCUDDER). The insect differs conspicuously from typical Osmylus in the char- acters mentioned by Scudder, and on it I founded a new genus Osmylidia.2,_ Whether the species from Baltic amber should be con- sidered strictly cogeneric, I will not venture to decide. In many of its characters this genus resembles the very much older Nymphites cramert Haase, from the lithographic stone of Bavaria; indeed, it may fairly be said that Osmylidia is intermediate between Nymphites of the Jurassic and Osmylus of the present day. / 1 Tertiary Insects, p. 162. 2 Can. Ent., vol. 40, 1908, p. 342. no.1955. FOSSIL INSECTS FROM COLORADO—COCKERELL. 343 This species is represented in the United States National Museum by a good specimen, showing the body, antenne, and wings, and confirming the generic characters. I give a new figure of an anterior wing (fig. 1), kindly drawn for me by Miss June M. Ashley. Plesvotype.—Cat. No. 58681, U.S.N.M. Order LEPIDOPTERA Linneeus. Family NYMPHALID. Genus CHLORIPPE Boisduval. CHLORIPPE WILMATT Cockerell. Plate 56, fig. 3. Chlorippe wilmatiez CocKERELL, Canadian Entomologist, vol. 39, 1907, p. 361. The specimen belonging to the United States National Museum is not so well preserved as the type, but it shows the abdomen and more or less of the hind wings. The abdomen is quite broad (largely as the result of pressure, no doubt), dusky, with the sutures rather broadly pallid. The venation of the hind wing is partly preserved and is as in Chlorippe and allied genera. The shape of the hind wing seems to have been as in normal females of the genus. It is difficult to make out the markings of the hind wing, but the submarginal pale band is faintly indicated, and the usual row of spots in the interspaces was evidently present, though apparently they were light, without dark centers. There are also indications of a pale spot at the base of the cell between the media and cubitus, one of the series of pale spots crossing the hind wing in males of modern Chlorippe. Plesvotype—Cat. No. 58682, U.S.N.M. Order ORTHOPTERA Latreille. Family MANTIDZ. EOBRUNERIA, new genus. The generic characters are included in the description of the follow- ing species which is the type of the genus. EOBRUNERIA TESSELLATA, new species, Plate 56, figs. 1, 2. Tegmen about 33 mm. long and 114 mm. wide; the costal field about middle of tegmen one-third of total width. In the costal field are longitudinal brown bands, and on the lower two-thirds of the wing broad oblique ones, all broken up by cross veins into little square blocks. Although the markings, as shown in the figures, are 344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSBUM. VOL. 44, very distinct, the lens or microscope shows no additional details, and it is impossible to say more about the venation than that it appears to be perfectly normal for a mantid with a broad costal field, such as the female of Stagmomantis limbata (Hahn). The tessellated markings resemble those of the lower wings of Stagmomantis and other mantids. I had taken this for a locustid, and made many efforts to find some- thing similar in the modern fauna, both by examining the literature and consulting specialists in the group. Here I failed entirely, but Prof. L. Bruner, to whom I sent a photograph, remarked that the insect looked to him more like a mantid, and once having this clue I soon became convinced that it belonged to that family. Holotype —Cat. No. 58683, U.S.N.M. Order HYMENOPTERA Linneus. Family PANURGID. Genus LIBELLULAPIS Cockerell. LIBELLULAPIS WILMATT2, new species. Female.—Length 134 mm., anterior wing about 8 mm.; rather robust; the head and thorax were apparently black, the abdomen pale (as preserved very pale reddish, with faint suffused bands, only that onthe fourth segment conspicuous, the apex also alittle darkened) ; head very broad, its breadth 5 mm., being the same as that of the thorax in the region of the wings; ocelli rather large; legs broadly hairy; abdomen with a heavy apical fringe of hair, but no ventral scopa; wings hyaline, reddish, stigma and nervures ferruginous; pygidial plate broad at base, then rapidly narrowing, but expanding apically, though of course much narrower there than at base. Marginal cell long, pomted, though not very sharply, the point only a very short distance from costa; stigma rather well developed (considerably larger than in Lithurgus, etc.); two submarginal cells, the second very long, considerably longer than the first; basal ner- vure straight, except for a slight bend at its lower end; basal nervure meeting transversomedial, the latter strongly oblique, the lower end more apical; second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent ner- vures, the first some distance from the base, the other about one- fourth of this distance from the apex; second recurrent nervure with a gentle curve. Hind wing with the venation ordinary, except that the distance from the upper end of the transversomedial nervure to the beginning of the discoidal cell is much less than the side of the discoidal cell on the median cell. (This peculiarity is also observed, though less pro- nounced, in Panurgus, especially P. calcaratus; the second submar- ginal cell is also very long in Panurgus.) No. 1955. FOSSIL INSECTS FROM COLORADO—COCKERELL. 345 Wing measurements in microns: Lie Dla gc an R60 ey ac ie a I a RR RAS BIER ED PE a 368 Peep Oniiaretie eultueetce se Ase eee e Sh ck S seen cece ease ene: 2, 320 Wrists (Opin) OF MareinANGel las ace ons oo 2s aclen dh oo < Se ee 528 Marine! call on firgiienbmianemals |. outa. os joes ide o<. dovab eh een tehe 352 Moarsinnl Coll On BeeconeIsWOMArSMAL. oe oc ok i de kc gae ee ned wks 880 Marginal cell from second (morphologically third) transversocubital nervure to UMN a orien mn a ohm tae a a Naa ci wl os eel og ele acini tinea dee canes Shes 1,312 pal nervure om firstisubmiarginal cell lo s.wsil thet ee ete te. 400 Basal nervure on first discoidal cell (not allowing for curvature).............. 1, 280 Length (diagonal) of first submarginal cell. .........-...--........-22.-2---- 1, 408 Denetn of second:submarvimallicelliscc. 6c ak Sd bP ce ine oe 1, 728 Second submarpinal cell on, fret discoidal...* .. 222525. 8.8. econ eet he 480 Second submarginal cell on third discoidal................---..-2.......----- 1, 120 Second submarginal cell from insertion of second recurrent nervure to apical U0) EIU TA TLD gc) pg ema pele pale Ree el Le Beaker hae, Nae a ee ec 112 Bebolid discoidaleuilion third 0) Fed: ee IL a A I ld, Poot 592 Apical side of second discoidal cell below third discoidal....................- 352 Hind wing: Upper end of transversomedial nervure to basal corner of discoidal cell (352 in PS METER LOUIE ese Se eee ae ae ce enn Sec NaS CNS el ate sos x's 880 Discoidal cell on median (not allowing for curvature) (640 in ZL. antiquorum).. 1, 216 IN \ A Fig. 2.—PYGIDIAL 4 PLATE OF LIBELLU- Fic. 3.—SECOND SUBMARGINAL CELL OF LIBELLULAPIS LAPIS WILMATTE. WILMATT. The lower side of the first submarginal cell is faintly arched down- wards, but almost straight. This seems certainly to belong to Libellulapis, which was based ! on a species (L. antiquorum Cockerell) collected by Scudder in the Florissant shales. A reconsideration of the genus leads me to place in the Panurgide, where, by reason of certain features of the venation, it appears to stand rather near to Panurgus. The broad head, with prominent eyes, is also suggestive of certain forms of Panurgus. The pygidial plate is rather approached by that of Dasypoda. In Libellulapis (both species) the side of the stigma on the marginal cell is practically straight; in Pelandrena (which has a proportionally 1 Bull. Mus, Comp. Zool., vol. 50, No. 2, 1906, p. 42. 346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, larger stigma) it is convex; in Biareolina neglecta it is conspicuously angulate or subdentata about the middle. Libellulapis wilmatte is easily known from L. antiquorum by its much larger size. Habitat.—Miocene shales of Florissant, at Wilson’s ranch; col- lected July, 1912, by Wilmatte P. Cockerell. Holotype.—Cat. No. 58688, U.S.N.M. Family CEPHID. Genus JANUS Stephens. JANUS DISPERDITUS, new species. Length 13 mm., but apex of abdomen (probably 1 mm.) missing; anterior wing 8? mm.; width of abdomen (flattened) 34 mm., of thorax 3 mm.; the head was apparently black, or at least very dark; the thorax dark brown, but paler than head; the abdomen and legs apparently ferruginous; wings clear, with ferruginous nervures. The venation of anterior wings agrees almost exactly with Janus integer, as represented by MacGillivray,' except as follows: (1) The veins are more robust, like those figured by MacGillivray for J. abbreviatus. (2) The first (basal) marginal cell has its basal corner very acute, more as in Macrocephus. ; (3) The first recurrent nervure exactly meets the first transverso- cubital, also asin Macrocephus. (4) The second recurrent meets the second transversocubital. (5) The basal nervure on first submarginal cell is shorter, as in J. abbreviatus. (The relative positions of the basal and transverso- medial nervures are exactly as in J. integer, not as in Macrocéphus). (6) The stigma is formed as in J. abbreviatus. (More robust than in Macrocephus). (7) The third submarginal cell is very long, longer than in J. integer, and quite unlike the relatively short cell of Macrocephus. The following measurements are in microns: Second submarginal cell on lower side..........----------------+--- aed Reet 1, 232 Third submarina) cell on lower midet.e: 3.2 28 - bat Set ond eee see) eee 1, 232 Third submargingl, cell omapicalade: 13.0. cae sees me Seinen eee eee 784 Third submarpinal cell. on tipper side: > ~ 5.2.2... 62. Lee cee wt ence neh oem ene 1,072 What can be seen of the hind wing seems normal for the genus, but the apex of the median cell (subcostal of Marlatt) is more acute than in J. integer, herein rather resembling Macrocephus. Miocene shales of Florissant; 1912. Collected by W. P. Cockerell at the Wilson ranch. This is the first fossil cephid from America. Among the European fossils, this must fall nearest to Electrocephalus strahlendorffl Konow, from Baltic Amber. Type.—tIn the collections in the University of Colorado. 1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 29, pl. 43, fig. 93. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 56 oh EROS BAS Fic. 3.—CHLORIPPE WILMATTA COCKERELL. FOR DESCRIPTION OF SPECIMENS SEE PAGE 343. RESULTS OF THE YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION OF 1911. ORTHOPTERA (EXCLUSIVE OF ACRIDITID/). By A. N. CavupeE tt, Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. The Peruvian localities mentioned in this paper are for the most part absent from printed maps and geographical indices. Most of the Orthoptera taken by the expedition were collected at a few localities in southeastern Peru. Pampaconas River, a locality given for a goodly number of species, is an uncharted stream flowing between the Urubamba and Apurimac Rivers. By previous agreement representatives of all Orthoptera taken by the expedition and the types of all new species are deposited in the United States National Museum. Family BLATTIDA. CHORISONEURA PERUANA, new species. Allied to C. pellucida Saussure, from Mexico. Male.—Color a nearly uniform brownish yellow, the disk of the pronotum with the underlying part of the thorax showing through as a darker central portion. Pronotum broadly rounded anteriorly and behind almost truncate. Elytra extending much beyond the tip of the abdomen; wings with an apical area about as long as broad acuteangulate basally and apically extending barely beyond the tip of the costal field, broadly rounded and faintly notched mesially. Supraanal plate broadly transverse and very obtuseangulate apically; subgenital plate small and succeeded by a pair of upwardly directed, basally broadened styles. Legs slender, the femora unarmed be- neath except with short bristles. Length, entire from front of head to tip of elytra, 13 mm.; prono- tum, 2 mm.; elytra, 11 mm. Type.—One male, Huadquina, July 31, 5,000 feet altitude. Cat. No. 15046, U.S.N.M. PROCEEDINGS U. S, NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 44—No. 1956. 347 848 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, ISCHNOPTERA PAMPACONAS, new species. A medium sized blackish red-brown species apparently differing from any described species recorded from Peru or surrounding regions. Female.—Size medium; body depressed; form elongate, the closed wings surpassing the tip of the abdomen by fully a third their length; head not quite concealed beneath the pronotum; ocelli large and situated sublaterally next the inner-upper margin of antennal scrobee next the eye; interocellar space broader than the interocular space, which is about as broad as the width of one eye; antennz covered with fine short hairs. Pronotum narrowly rounded in front and broadly rounded behind, the sides deflexed, the disk dimpled on each side of the middle. Elytra long and slender, semi-coriaceous, the veins fairly distinct, the costal field long and narrow; wings in repose as long as the tegmina, transparent, the anterior field apically a little infuscated; ulnar vein with two complete branches extending to the apex and with seven or eight incomplete veins; there are more than a dozen costal veins, two or three of which are forked and many of them apically somewhat swollen. Legs slender, the anterior femora armed beneath on the front margin with three or four stout spines on the basal half followed on apical part by a row of fine short ones; arolia between the claws very small and inconspicuous, often hard tosee. Supraanal plate considerably produced and apically rounded; subgenital plate broad and posteriorly broadly rounded, entire; cerci stout and long, finely haired. General color a very dark-reddish brown, the pronotum almost uniformly black and the legs light yellowish, as are also the mouth and palpi. The ocelli are a transparent reddish, the antennze brown and the costal margin of elytra is anteriorly a little lighter. The elytra are posteriorly a little more transparent and thus less dark. Length, total from head to end of elytra, 18 mm.; pronotum, 3 mm.; elytra, 14 mm.; width, pronotum, 3.5 mm.; elytra at widest point, 4mm. Type.—One female Pampaconas River, August. Cat. No. 15047, U.S.N.M. It may have been this species which Bolivar recorded from Peru ! as I. consobrina. ISCHNOPTERA IGNOBILIS Saussure, One female, Pampaconas River, August. 1 Anal, Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1881, p. 466. no. 1956. YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION, ORTHOPTERA—CAUDELL. 349 BLATTELLA STYLATA, new species. A moderate sized species apparently somewhat allied to B. peruana Shelford and other species described by that author. In some of the characters, however, it differs from those given for any of the described forms. Male.—Palpi with the last segment considerably enlarged basally and tapering from there to the tip, beneath brownish; antenne slender and sparsely hairy. Pronotum truncate posteriorly, anteri- orly very broadly rounded, the sides broadly translucid. Elytra extending distinctly beyond the tip of the abdomen and, except for the brownish cross veinlets, nearly uniform in color; wing with eleven apically swollen costal veins; ulnar vein five-branched, the first and second branches confluent apically. Femora all well armed beneath, the anterior ones armed beneath along the entire margin, the spines growing gradually shorter toward the apex. Suprdanal plate broadly transverse, apically entire; subgenital plate large, slightly longer than broad and apically prolonged at each side as a style-like projection, which is apically armed with two or three very small but stout spines, and between these projections there are two apically more or less expanded asymmetric organs which are very finely serrate, or spined, on the inner margin; cerci long, stout, and strongly depressed. Color clear yellowish brown, the disk of the pronotum with some small oblique black dashes and the cross veins of the elytra brown; abdomen beneath mesially fuscous to the base of the terminal seg- ment and with smaller dark maculations along the margins; the tarsal joints, except the first, are partially black and the tibiz on the outer side bear conspicuous black spots at the base of the spines; femora unicolorously yellowish. brown except for small blackish spots at the base of the ventral spines beneath on the middle and hind pairs; the face has some blackish lines and dashes. Length, entire from front of head to end of elytra, 14 mm.; pro- notum, 3 mm.; elytra, 11 mm.; width, pronotum, 4.5 mm. Type.—One female, San Miguel, September 1, 6,000 fect altitude. Cat. No. 15048, U.S.N.M. PHETALIA LEVIGATA Beauvois. One male, Huadquina, July 30, 5,000 feet altitude; one female, same locality, July 31. EPILAMPRA, species. One male, one female, San Miguel, July 24, 6,000 feet altitude; one female, Lucma, August 7, 7,000 feet altitude; one female, Pampa- conas River, August. In the present state of our knowledge of the species of this genus it is scarcely possible to determine these specimens specifically. The female specimen from Pampaconas River has the elytra extending to 350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 44, the tip of the abdomen, while in the other females they fall distinctly short of it; otherwise they are similar. BLATTA TINCOCHACA, new species. Female.—The smallest species of the genus known to me. Head moderately exposed, the eyes small and wide apart and very incon- spicuous, the interocular space more than twice as broad as the space between the antenne; ocelli scarcely noticeable; terminal segment of the palpi swollen basally, tapered apically. Pronotum truncate posteriorly, anteriorly subtruncate above the head and then, together with the sides, rounded. Legs moderately stout, the fore femora scarcely spined beneath, but the middle and hind ones quite strongly spined, the spines few in number; arolia between the tarsal claws small but distinct. Wings rudimentary; elytra short, about as long as the pronotum and posteriorly very broadly rounded, almost trun- cate, dorsally separated by a space equal to about one-fourth the width of one of them. Abdomen short and broad, the supraanal plate broadly triangular, about twice as broad as long, apically entire; subgenital plate valvular as in Blatta orientalis except the slit is more apical, extending a lesser distance toward the base. General color black, the legs yellowish brown with the femora and tibiz black at each end and the joints of the tarsi blackish; the abdo- men is a little lighter below than above and the margins of the seg- ments, especially beneath, are obscurely yellowish; pronotum and costal margin of elytra yellowish, about one-fourth of the elytral width occupied by this yellowish margin; head entirely black except a lightish tinge about the mouth parts, the eyes and vertex uniformly black, the eyes very inconspicuous; antenne dark brown, nearly black, with the basal part growing yellowish. Length, entire from front of head to end of abdomen exclusive of cerci, 6.5 mm.; width across widest part of abdomen, about 3.5 mm. Type and paratype.—Two females, Tincochaca, August 8, altitude 7,000 feet. Cat. No. 15049, U.S.N.M. OXYCERCUS PERUVIANUS Bolivar. One female, Torontoy, July 22, 8,000 feet altitude. DASYPOSOMA NIGRA Bruner. Five female specimens ranging from apparently full grown to one less than one-half inch long. All from Urubama, Peru, July 11, 9,500 feet altitude. Family PHASMID. AUTOLYCA TRANSVERSATA, new species. Allied to A. picturata Redtenbacher and runs to that species in the table of species in the works of that author! The posteriorly 1 Ins, Fam, Phasm., p. 95, 1908. no. 1956. YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION, ORTHOPTERA—CAUDELL. 35] margined segments of the thorax and abdomen will readily separate these two species. Male and female—-Head subquadrate, about as broad as long; antenne of the usual structure, the basal segment flattened. Pro- notum about the same in width and breadth, the mesonotum about twice as long as the pronotum and slightly broader; intermediate segment’ obscurely indicated, subequal in length with the metanotum from which it is usually separated by a couple of smali subdorsal transverse light-colored spots. Abdomen moderately swollen in the female, in the male parallel sided, the segments transverse, female, or quadrate, male. Operculum of female nearly as broad as the segment of the abdomen from which it arises, reaching to the tip of the last segment and apically slightly acuteangulate; operculum of the male large, fully as broad as the last segments of the abdomen. Cerci of both sexes simple, short and stout, in the female straight, in the male almost straight. All the femora distinctly carinate, the anterior one almost straight, at the base very slightly curved; tibie also carinate, the sides suleate; tibie generally lighter colored beneath and covered with fulvous pile. The whole insect is covered with short hairs or pile as is common in the genus. General color velvet black, the antenne ringed with whitish yellow and the segments of the abdomen and thorax posteriorly margined above with white. The tip of the femora is distinctly light colored, as is also the base of the tibie for a very short distance and the tip of the tibie and base of the first tarsal segment is more or less whitish. Clypeus also light yellowish. Length, entire, male, 30 mm., female, 45 mm.; antenne, male, 27 mm., female, all but 15 mm. gone; mesonotum, male, 5 mm., female, 8 mm.; fore femora, male, 9.5 mm., female, 11 mm.; cerci, male and female, 1.5 mm. Holotype.—One male, Huadquina, Peru, July 26, 1911, 5,000 feet altitude. Allotype.—One female, July 30, same locality; one male paratype, same data as the holotype. Holotype and allotype, Cat. No. 15050; U.S.N.M. Family LOCUSTID. DASYSCELUS, species. One immature female. Pampaconas River, August. This may be the D. planiusculus of Brunner, but the immature state of the only specimen represented prohibits its specific determination. NANNOTETTIX PALTAYBAMBA, new species. A species most nearly related to NV. guentherti Brunner and running to that species in Brunner’s tables. It differs, however, from guen- theri in several particulars, besides being considerably larger. 352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44. Male.—Fastigium of the vertex elongate triangular, suleate dor- sally and not surpassing the antennal scrobe; eyes moderately prominent; antenne slender, much longer than the body. Pro- notum ruggose both above and on the lateral lobes, truncate behind, subtruncate before, the anterior transverse sulcus distinct but not so conspicuous as the median sulcus; lateral lobes considerably longer than high, the lower margin straight, humeral sinus distinet but broad; no median nor lateral carinse but the shoulders behind the median transverse sulcus are somewhat angular; disk anterior of the median transverse sulcus very finely sulcate longitudinally down the middle line; prosternal spines well developed. Legs moderately stout; anterior tibiz with conchate foramina, the dorsal surface broadly and shallowly sulcate and unarmed; middle tibise similar to the front but armed on the posterior margin above with six small short stout sharp spines; both fore and middle tibize armed beneath on both margins; hind tibiz armed beneath with a number of small spines in two series, those on the apical part situated opposite, those on the basal part further apart and alternate; above armed on both margins, an apical spine present only on the inner side; femora moderately stout, ail the geniculations unarmed except those of the middie legs on the inner side which are spinose; all femora unarmed above, armed beneath with a single row of spines on the outer carina of the fore and middle legs and the inner side of the fore legs. Abdomen plump; subgenital plate elongate, apically narrowed and notched, each angle bearing a heavy style about four times as long as broad, apically rounded and barely tapering; cerci subspheerical with a short sharply pointed curved tooth on the inner side; supraanal plate apically rounded, deflexed and broadly dimpled above. Elytra very little longer than the pronotum, posteriorly rounded and with a well-developed speculum and distinct veins. Wings concealed beneath the elytra and equaling about two-thirds their length. General color yellowish; head above with three longitudinal black streaks, the middle one extending anteriorly over the top of the fastigium of the vertex and the lateral ones smaller and extend- ing from the top part of the eyes to the back of the head; the basal segment and scrobe of the antenne are mostly black and the face has blackish spots; the pronotum is wholly black in front of the anterior transverse sulcus and the shoulders and the middle of the posterior part of the disk is also black; all the spines of the legs and also the extremities of the femora and tibie are blackish; elytra blackish with conspicuous yellowish veins, no. 1956. YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION, ORTHOPTERA—CAUDELL. 353 Length, entire from front of head to end of body, 32 mm.; pro- notum, 9 mm.; elytra, 11 mm.; fore tibia, 11 mm.; fore femora, 10 mm.; hind femora, 24 mm. Type.—One male. Paltaybamba, August, 5,000 feet altitude. Cat. No. 15051, U.S.N.M. NANNOTETTIX PERUVIANUS, new species. Male.—Similar to the last, but smaller and with longer wings. In Brunner’s table of species it runs to elongatus, but it is a larger species than that more southern form. Head as described under JN. paltay- bamba. Pronotum rugose both above and on the lateral lobes, truncate posteriorly, anteriorly a little rounded, both transverse sulci distinct, about equally so, but neither conspicuous; lateral lobes distinctly longer than high, the lower margin straight, the hind margin almost straight and perpendicular, no distinct sinus present; no median nor lateral carine present but the shoulders a little angular;' prosternal spines well developed. Legs moderate; anterior tibize with conchate foramina, the dorsal surface shallowly and broadly sulcate and‘ unarmed; middle tibie flat above and armed on the posterior margin with four very minute sharp tubercles; both fore and middle tibiz armed beneath on both margins; hind tibise armed beneath in the apical half with a number of spines, mostly in two series, above armed on both margins, an apical spine present only on the inner side, the last spine on the outer side being far removed from the apex; femora moderately stout, all the geniculations unarmed, all the femora unarmed dorsally and below narrowly sulcate, the outer margin of the hind and middle leg and the inner margin of the front ones thin and elevated and armed, the number of spines being four or five on the hind, two on the middle, and one on the fore femora, an additional aborted one showing on the left fore leg; the inner carina of the femora is less elevated, on the hind leg scarcely developed at all, and unarmed. Elytra twice as long as the pronotum but failing to reach the tip of the abdomen, apically narrowly rounded. Wings not quite as long as the elytra, completely concealed beneath them.’ Abdomen plump; subgenital plate and apical styles as in paltay- bamba; cerci heavy, about three times as long as broad, round and apically bent inward and rapidly tapered to a sharp point. General color yellowish; head above with two very fine postocular longitudinal streaks of black, and a similar one situated mesially, very small and on top spread into a cruciform spot; fastigium of vertex and the first two joints and the scrobe of the antenne mostly piceous and the eyes mottled with fuscous; upper margin of clypeus lined most of the distance with black and a descending outward curving line of the same color extends from the inner lower margin of the eyes to near the clypeal suture; extreme tip of mandibles 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13 23 354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44, black. Pronotum with a longitudinal black band which spreads across the dorsal width on the fore and hind margins of the disk and extends down along the margins of the lateral lobes as a very fine line. Except for the black spines with dark reddish tips the legs are nearly uniformly brownish yellow, the posterior geniculations slightly infuscated. Length, entire from front of head to tip of abdomen, 23 mm.; pro- notum, 5.25 mm.; fore tibix, 8 mm.; fore femora, 8 mm.; hind femora, 15 mm.; elytra, 14 mm. Type.—One male, Huadquina, July 30, 5,000 feet altitude. Cat. No. 15052, U.S.N.M. NANNOTETTIX, species. Two immature specimens, one male and one female, from same locality as NV. peruvianus and with same data. If these nymphs are those of NV. peruvianus, they show that species to be indeed variable, as these specimens are not like the adult in structure or coloration. The infuscation of the pronotum, instead of forming a median band, is dim and follows the location which the lateral carine would occupy were such present. The fastigium of the vertex and the two basal segments of the antennz are scarcely infuscated instead of piceous as in the adult of peruvianus and the face is marked by four black spots and streaks. The anterior femora has three spines on the inner carina beneath. Another immature specimen, a male from same locality but taken four days earlier, probably belongs to this genus. Here the whole insect is mottled with blackish, the antennz and legs conspicuously annulate and the face solidly piceous and shining. ANAULACOMERA MACULICORNIS, new species. As indicated by the specific name, this species is separable from its allies by the black marked antenne. Male.—F astigium of the vertex elongate triangular, abruptly nar- rowing about the middle and dorsally sulcate, the margins elevated and, on the posterior half, much thickened or swollen; the whole vertex is directed upward somewhat and the tip is very narrow and beneath it the apex is concave and meets the pointed facial vertex; the antennal scrobe extend beyond the tip of the vertical fastigium. Eyes round, prominent, moderate in size. Pronotum flat longitudi- nally above but tending to transverse concavity between the somewhat sharp shoulders; lateral carina scarcely indicated except posteriorly; pronotal disk very broadly and roundly concave both before and behind, the lateral angles very broadly rounded; lateral lobes about as high as long, rounded below and behind, anteriorly nearly straight, the humeral sinus sharp and distinct; the sulci of the pronotum not conspicuous; on the posterior part of the disk there are a couple of no. 1956. YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION, ORTHOPTERA—CAUDELL. 355 inconspicuous longitudinally disposed elevated ridges. Legs slender; anterior tibiz with open foramina on each side, the dorsal surface slightly suleate and armed about the middle with a small spine on either side and apically on the outer side with a spine so minute as to be barely visible in certain lights only; ' middle tibiz more distinctly sulcate above than the fore ones and unarmed on the outer margin, the inner margin with several small spines, the terminal one distinct; hind tibiz distinctly longer than the corresponding femora and armed above and below with many stout spines on both outer and inner margins, apical spines above on both sides. All the femora armed beneath with a few serrations or teeth on one margin only, the genic- ulations short but acute. Elytra with fully two-thirds their length projecting beyond the abdomen, the wings surpassing considerably the elytra, the projecting part green and more opaque than the trans- parent membraneous portion; the elytra are narrow and slender with the veins inconspicuous, the margins nearly parallel and apically narrowly rounded. Abdomen moderate, short; subgenital plate mesially keeled longitudinally beneath, apically narrowed and squarely notched, the lateral angles long and styliform, not provided with free styles; supraanal plate broad and apically truncate; cerci cylindrical, seven or eight times as long as broad, gently curved inward and apically briefly and gently hooked, the tip forming a short stout naked tooth, the rest of the cercus hairy. General color greenish; antennz conspicuously marked on the inner side, except on the basal segment, with black for some distance at least from the base, the outer portion being absent in the only speci- menseen. The elytra have several ocellate spots, composed of a num- ber of minute dusky specks with a central black dot, and, especially along the anal margin, with many minute black specks visible only under a glass; the tympanal field is black with the central portion yellowish green; the hind tibize beneath has small black areas at the bases of the spines and the geniculations of the hind femora are infuscated. Length, entire from front of head to end of wings, 38 mm.; fore femora, 6 mm.; middle femora, 9 mm.; hind femora, 18 mm.; hind tibie, 20 mm.; elytra, 32 mm.; wings beyond elytra, 4 mm.; width, elytra at middle, 5 mm. Type-—One male, Pampaconas River August. Cat. No. 15053, U.S.N.M. ANAULACOMERA SULCATA Brunner. One male, Huadquina, July 30, 5,000 feet altitude. 1 More material is necessary to determine if the fore femora are to be classed as with or without an apical spine. 356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, PHYLLOPTERA FAMULA Brunner. One male, Pampaconas River, August. PHYLLOPTERA SERVA Brunner. One male, Pampaconas River, August. MICROCENTRUM PERUVIANUS? Scudder. One female, Pampaconas River, August. I have determined this specimen as peruvianus with some doubt, the type being of the opposite sex and unavailable for examination at this time, the determination being based on the description only, with which, however, this female agrees fairly well, allowing for sexual differences. Family GRYLLID. RIPIPTERYX RIVULARIA Saussure. Two males, two females, Santa Ana, August 4, 3,000 feet altitude. RIPIPTERYX FORCEPS Saussure. Three males, one female, San Miguel, July 24, 6,000 feet altitude; one female, Lucma, August 7, 7,000 feet altitude. This series shows that the yellow color of certain segments of the antenne is not good as a specific character. The specimen from Luema, which is just like the San Miguel specimens otherwise, has the antennz unicolorously black, no segment showing any yellowish. One of the San Miguel females has the 6, 7, and 8 segments entirely yellow, while the other three have only the 6 and 7 so colored, and then often the apical part of one or both of these segments are black. ANUROGYRYLLUS MUTICUS DeGeer. One male, one female, two nymphs, Huadquina, July 26, 5,000 feet altitude. The male has fully developed elytra but the wings are aborted, while in the female the wings are caudate. ANUROGRYLLUS FUSCUS, new species. A blackish species slightly above the usual size of its allies. Female.—Head as broad as the front of the thorax, the eyes, ocelli, and mouth parts as in muticus. Pronotum a little broader than long, the lateral lobes bent gently inward on the posterior lower angle, the lower margin straight, descending slightly anteriorly, the fore and hind angles rounded; the anterior margin of the pronotal disk is very broadly and gently concave and the posterior margin corre- spondingly convex. Elytra as long as the abdomen and apically pointed; wings caudate, extending about half their length beyond the elytra. Legs moderate, the posterior metatarsus large, but little no. 1956. YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION, ORTHOPTERA—CAUDELL. 357 swollen; upper inner calcar of hind tibiew a little longer than the middle one and gently curved; the inner apical calcar of the posterior metatarsus is very large and almost half as long as the metatarsus, about twice as long as the outer calear. Ovipositor rudimentary as usual in the genus. Male.—Similar to the female except that the wings are aborted, the elytra, however, long and apically pointed as in the female. The lateral field of the elytra is also lighter and the lateral lobes of pro- notum bear a fleck of yellowish on the lower front corner. General color blackish above and yellowish beneath. The legs and mouth parts and venter of abdomen are yellowish brown, while the whole upper surface of head, thorax, and elytra is blackish brown, almost black; the wings and lateral field of the elytra are a little lighter than the dorsal surface; the lateral lobes of the pronotum are uniformly blackish; antennz brown. Length, from front of head to end of elytra, male and female, 20 mm.; pronotum, male and female, 4 mm.; elytra, male and female, 13.5 mm.; hind femora, male and female, 12.5 mm.; wing beyond elytra, female, 12 mm.; width, pronotum, male and female, 5.5 mm. Type.—One male, one female, Pampaconas River, August. Type, female, paratype male. Cat. No. 15054, U.S.N.M. The three species of this genus occurring in South America, one of which I consider as of varietal rank only, may be separated as follows: Lateral lobes of pronotum uniformly yellowish or infuscated only centrally. Wertextob head, unieolorous..222-.5-c0-5.x'aceses'c 3 cine neni’ muticus DeGeer. Vertex of head marked by three or four longitudinal lines. muticus var. clarazianus Saussure. Lateral lobes of pronotum almost or quite uniformly blackish. -. fuscus, new species. All these forms are dimorphic in wing length, some having the wings caudate and others with them abortive. GRYLLUS, species. Eight immature specimens, two from Urubamba, July 15, 9,500 feet altitude; three from San Miguel, July 24, 6,000 feet altitude; three from Huadquina, July 14, 5,000 feet altitude. These may represent two or more species. AMUSUS KIRSCHIANUS Saussure. One female, Pampaconas River, August. This is considerably smaller than the measurements given for the type, but otherwise fits the description very well. ENEOPTERA SURINAMENSIS DeGeer. One female, Santa Ana, August 4, 3,000 feet altitude. "6SE 39vd 33S 31vid 4O NOILYNW1dx3 YO4 "NVdvVf WOUS 139 MSN VY 28 “Id +b “IOA ‘SONIGS300Ud WN3SNW IVNOILYN ‘S ‘nN DESCRIPTION OF ANGUILLA MANABEI, A NEW EEL FROM JAPAN. By Davi Srarr JoRDAN, Of Stanford University, California. During a recent visit to Japan the writer found, in the collection made by his former student, Mr. Yoshiro Manabe, for the Kwansei Gakuin (College) in Kobe, a species of eel apparently new to science. It may be described as follows: ANGUILLA MANABETI Jordan, new species. Plate 57. Head 2 times in trunk and 62 in length; 14 in distance from mouth to dorsal; upper jaw 3 in head, extending much beyond eye; lower jaw slightly projecting; snout rather obtuse, flattish above, 51 in head; eye 24 in snout; distance from front of dorsal to vent 15 in head; pectoral rather small, 38 in head; distance from snout to dorsal 25 in length. Color in alcohol, olivaceous, paler below, dorsal olive, anal pale, posterior edge of the continuous vertical fin somewhat darker. This species is known from one specimen, the type (Cat. No. 74118, U.S.N.M.), 16? inches long, taken by Mr. Yoshiro Manabe in a rapid near Koyadaira, a village at the foot of Mount Tsurugi, in Awa, Shikoku. The tributary running north about 22 miles, joins the River Yoshino at Anafuki 22 miles distant from Tokushima, a large city at the mouth of the river. Anguilla manabei seems nearest to Anguilla aneitensis described by Giinther’ from a single example from Aneitum. The dorsal fin in A. manabei is inserted, however, somewhat farther back than in A. aneitensis. ; From the common eel or “Unagi,’” Anguilla japonica, found everywhere in the rivers of Japan, A. manabei differs widely. The head is much larger, the jaws longer, the eye and the pectoral smaller. 1) 1Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 8, 1870, p. 34. PROCEEDINGS U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 44—No. 1957. 359 3860 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, Still more strongly, it differs in the backward insertion of the dorsal, which is not more than half a head’s length in fron of the vent. The species is named for Mr. Yoshiro Manabe, teacher of Zoology in the Kwansei College. The accompanying drawing was made by Mr. Manabe. Comparison of measurements. A. japonica. | A. manabei. Head initirane. econ reece bh eeerer eels Se Seal ea anaes reels 24 2 Headinilength. ce 2s. e sce ean be see ete «sts crsife'saas sneeen anes ceweaees 8 63 Upperjaw iniead, oe o-o noe ceo eels eee cb esac amierceeecb ccceteccwen some nes 34 3 Origin of dorsal to wentinihend ee ese meee seitier eee a nnpeeaaer aeenieeese as 14 15 Pegtoraliin head sees one ee eee ae aan ne tem ace oe wea e eens ee 3% 3g Snoutitodorsalan ion thee act see see eee ae ie eee cleo stealer ar 3h 25 ‘ DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF AMERICAN FLIES OF THE FAMILY BORBORID. By J. R. Mattocs, Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. The Borboride are small flies which have been much neglected by systematists. ven in Europe, where the Diptera have been most thoroughly studied, the species of this family are but imperfectly known. When carefully studied the species of this group present good generic and specific characters, and it is hoped that the follow- ing descriptions will contribute to a better understanding of the group. APTILOTUS BOREALIS, new species. Female.—Black, shining; frons subopaque; lateral, ocellar and vertical bristles as in the species of Limosina, center rows consisting of one strong, cruciate pair and an upper, and lower pair of much smaller, hairlike bristles, frons as long in center as three-fourths its central breadth, anterior outline centrally produced, basal joint of antenne black, apical joint brown, the bristles on basal joint strong, pubescence on apical joint pale, arista brown, pubescent, one-third longer than breadth of frons at center, face black, subopaque, raised almost ridgelike longitudinally in center, in profile concave, the mouth margin produced, labrum protruding, mouth opening large, palpi small, proboscis not much reduced in size, cheeks black, opaque, below center of eye more than half as high as eye height, anterior bristle strong, posterior bristles weak and hairlike; thorax short, sub- quadrate, very slightly longer and narrower than head, bristles on mesonotum of moderate length, in regular rows, one distinct pair of dorso-central macrochaete, a very strong bristle on the lateral mar- gins at posterior fourth, lateral margins with several weaker bristles anteriorly, pleuree opaque black, the pleural bristle, so very conspicu- ous in Limosina, very much reduced in size, scutellum two-fifths as long as mesonotum, distinctly narrower, regularly rounded, with four marginal, subequal, equidistant bristles, five visible abdominal dorsal segments, the basal segment as in Borborus and Limosina, very short Proceepinas U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 44—No. 1958. 361 3862 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, and hidden, the abdomen oval in outline, first (visible) segment very slightly longer than second, next three subequat, last visible segment very short, all segments very finely granulose and with regularly dis- tributed short dark hairs; anal organs yellowish; legs black, tro- chanters, extreme apices of femora, bases and apices of tibiee, and all tarsi yellow, all legs with numerous short hairs, fore femora with a row of about seven hairlike bristles on postero-ventral surface which increase in length from base to tip, mid femora with a serial row of short close bristles on the antero-dorsal surface, the last two at near tip much the strongest, hairs on mid tibiz almost bristlelike, one bristle at apical fourth on dorsal surface, apical spines weak, hind femora and tibiz without any strong bristles, basal joint of hind tarsi distinctly dilated, covered with short stiff golden hairs on ventral sur- face, entire tarsus almost equal in length to tibia. Length, 14 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 14945, U.S.N.M. Two females, Farragut Bay, Alaska, May 6, 1899. (T. Kincaid, Harriman Alaska Exp.) This species was recorded by Coquillett as A. politus Williston, which differs as follows: Head comparatively broader, frons glossy black, anteriorly much produced centrally, arista more tapering and less distinctly pubescent, face glossy, cheeks granulose, much higher than in borealis, head from anterior edge of eyes viewed from above about one-half as long as thorax, in borealis about two-thirds, meso- notum granulose, distinctly broader posteriorly than at anterior margin, scutellum more nearly subtriangular, at least one-half as long as mesonotum, abdomen glossy black, much more coarsely granulose than in borealis, the first visible segment distinctly longer than second, the hairs on surface much more sparse than in borealis, especially on basal two segments, the legs are bristled similar to those of borealis, but they are much darker in color in the female. A male specimen of Aptilotus politus from Panamint Mountains, the type-locality, which is evidently one of the lot taken py Koebele, as it bears his label, differs from the female in having the frons as long as broad, regularly rounded and pale in front, the thorax not so dis- tinctly broadened behind, the scutellum rather shorter, and the legs colored as in borealis. The hypopygium is large, longer on right side than on left, glossy black, and with numerous short black hairs on the surface. There is also on the mid tibie an additional preapical bristle, transversely situated to the one in the female. The species was briefly described from the female only, and though this example varies from that sex in several respects, I believe it belongs to politus and is not a distinct species. The question is one which can only be settled by obtaining sufficient material to afford an opportunity for comparison of the sexes. Unfortunately the type-specimens are not No. 1958. NEW SPECIES OF BORBORIDAI—MALLOOE. 3638 in the collection. The only examples here are a female, compared with borealis, from Beulah, New Mexico (8,000 feet), May 3 (Cock- erell), and the above-mentioned male. SPHZROCERA ANNULICORNIS, new species. Male.—Black, slightly shining; frons opaque, only slightly shining laterally on posterior half (the lateral bristles have been destroyed, so that it is impossible to say anything about their disposition on frons); central rows very weak, pale, lying close on frons and strongly incurved; anterior outline of frons strongly produced in center; face strongly produced between and below antenne so that the antenn are situated in lateral cavities; labrum large, but not projecting much, except downward; a few weak, pale hairs on face margins; cheeks strongly rugulose, sides of mouth-margin shining, antennz with basal joint yellow, second joint brown, twice as large as third, numerous short hairs on its surface, third clear yellow; the third joint sits in the hollow apex of second; arista one-third longer than breadth of frons at center, yellow, bare; thorax slightly shining, center rows of bristles with other two irregular rows between them; outer dorso-central rows irregular, not single; posterior half of dorsum with surface nearly entirely covered with short bristles; scutellum with discal short bristles, the posterior margin without tubercules or bristles; abdomen opaque, rugose, longer than broad, and nearly parallel-sided, bare; hypopygium large, strongly incurved, with numerous very short surface hairs; ventral surface of abdomen in center with distinct golden pubescence; legs black, shining, only the trochanters, knee- joints, apices of tibiew and of all tarsi yellow; all legs with very short hairs; all femora thickened, especially the fore pair; hind tibize without the long curved apical spur present in subsultans, with only two short straight apical bristles; hind tarsi with the basal joint broader than tibiz, longer than the next two, but not as long as the next three; wings yellowish, veins pale brown, costa bare, first division shorter than second, second slightly shorter than fourth and rather less than one-third as long as third; basal portion of third vein slightly shorter than second portion of fourth; third and fourth veins gradually con- vergent toward tip; inner cross vein at distinctly beyond end of first vein and at more than one-third from base of discal cell; outer cross vein at two and one-half times its own length from margin of wing measuring along fifth; fifth vein reaching four-fifths to margin of wing; halteres with stalk yellow and knob bright lemon colored. Length, 4 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 14946, U.S.N.M. One male, Brookline, Massachusetts, March 20, 1874 (collection of C. V. Riley). Easily separated from the other American species. From pusilla Fallen by its larger size and the absence of the scutellar tubercules as 364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 44, well as the fact that the third and fourth viens do not diverge at apex. From subsultans Fabricius, by the absence of the strong thornlike apical spur on hind tibie, and from bimaculata Williston, by the unicolorous abdomen and the convergent instead of parallel third and fourth veins. BORBORUS NEGLECTUS, new species. Female.—Shining black; frons shining black except in front, where it is yellow margined, and the two lateral extremities of the pale por- tion which are carried posteriorly to ocellar triangle; central rows of bristles weak, divergent posteriorly and incurved; three strong lateral frontal bristles, the lowest slightly below, the second slightly above center of frons, a single weak hair between the lower pair; besides the usual two rows of central bristles, which stop much short of the ocellar triangle, there are on the pale stripes a number of weaker hairs; ocellar bristles strong, divergent; basal joint of antenne black, with 4—5 long hair-like bristles; third joint brownish-yellow, twice as long as first, strongly but shortly pubescent; arista pale, pubescent, one and two-thirds times as long as breadth of frons; face yellowish above, brown below, shining; labrum much produced, brown, shining; occiput and cheeks shining, especially glossy beneath eyes, one very long bristle on mouth edge, and one moderately long, and numerous bristle- like hairs posterior to it; thorax shining, unstriped; pleure glossy black; scutellum with four marginal bristles, the anterior pair weak; abdomen glossy black, extremely broad and short, nearly circular in dorsal outline; basal segment very long, with raised longitudinal central, and hind-marginal transverse ridge; numerous lateral hairs present on basal half of segment, second segment slightly shorter than first, narrowed behind, numerous lateral hairs, a slight longitudinal central, and distinct transverse hind-marginal ridge; third segment short, not half as long as second, with lateral hairs; fourth segment pale yellowish-brown, shorter than third and much narrower, with numerous hairs; anal organ tawny, with longish hairs; venter tawny; legs yellow, except the bases of coxa broadly and the femora except extreme bases and tips which are glossy black; apices of tibiz and tarsi slightly browned; all legs with distinct, rather long hairs; fore femora with three or four distinct bristles on postero-dorsal surface; mid femora with a few rather stronger hair-like bristles on the antero- ventral surface; mid tibial hairs strong, two bristles on the dorsal surfaces at near tip besides the apical spines; hind femora very Jong and slim, distinctly bent, with strong hairs that are almost bristles on the antero-dorsal surface; tibis: shorter than femora, with a distinct long bristle at near tip of dorsal surface; apical spur black, long, and curved; basal joint of tarsi distinctly broader than tibiz, elongated on posterior external angle, second joint one-fourth longer and much thinner than basal joint; wings brownish, veins dark brown, costa No. 1958. NEW SPECIES OF BORBORIDA—MALLOCH. 365 thickly haired, from base of wing to humeral vein two-fifths the length of second division of costa, second division less than one-third the length of third and equal to fourth, small cross vein at distinctly beyond end of first vein and slightly less than one-third from base of discal cell, basal portion of third vein longer than second portion of fourth, fifth vein not continued beyond outer cross vein, the angle of bend distinctly rounded, sixth vein very distinct to about midway from cross vein to wing margin, halteres reddish yellow. Length, 3} mm. One specimen (female), labeled ‘‘Borborus,” from Beverly, Massa- chusetts, April 4, 1867 (collection of C. V. Riley). Nearest to nigri- femoratus Macquart, but quite distinct. Type.—Cat. No. 14947, U.S.N M. BORBORUS BREVISETUS, new species. Male and female.—Opaque brown-gray; frons with center and lateral margins gray, the two stripes, where central rows of bristles are situated, opaque black, in male nearly entire center of frons darkened, the usual three lateral frontal bristles increasing in size toward vertex, and nearly equidistant, the third one incurved, the lower slightly outwardly directed over eye, vertical bristles strong, ° ocellar bristles strongly divergent, one or two hairs between lower pair of bristles, and a number on lateral margins of frons below the lowest bristle, central bristles distinct, strongly iIncurved, and reach- ing more than halfway to ocellar triangle, face gray, labrum only slightly produced, gray pollinose, the strong incurved long bristle midway between mouth margin and eye and a weaker one slightly posterior to and much lower than it, as well as several weak hair-like bristles posteriorly on the cheeks, lower occiput and eye-margin to near strong bristles shining, basal jomt of antennz with one long and several short hairs, third joint black, slightly gray pollinose at tip, at least twice as large as first, arista very short, barely two- thirds as long as breadth of frons at center, distinctly tapering and very slightly pubescent; thorax gray brown, with four regular rows of serial setulee on the dorsum, and two rather irregular rows external to them on the lateral margins, two strong dorso-central macro- chete, the center of thorax with a distinct brown stripe covering the insertions of the center pair of rows of setule, a narrower stripe along the line of the other pair of rows, a transverse brown mark behind the humeri and another in front of the wing base, as well as an interrupted brown longitudinal stripe from behind middle of dor- sum to scutellum, scutellum dark on disk and pale on margin, with four equal-sized marginal bristles, lower two-thirds of sternopleuree glossy black; abdomen opaque gray-brown, the basal segment slightly the longest, with numerous lateral hairs, terminal segment with 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 44, strong apical hairs, male hypopygium large, slightly shining and distinctly protruding, cleft on left side, with numerous long hairs on disk, anal organ in female densely covered with hairs; legs entirely gray-black, thickly covered with rather long hairs, fore femora thick- ened, the hairs on them more bristle-like, mid femora with a series of short bristles on antero-dorsal surface, and one strong one at one- fourth from tip, succeeded by a smaller one nearer to tip as well as the numerous hairs, mid tibiz with a short, but distinct bristle at middle on antero-ventral surface, one on postero-dorsal surface at same place and three pre-apical bristles, one dorsal, one antero- and one postero-dorsal as well as two weak apical spurs, hind femora nearly straight, distinctly thicker than tibiee, tibize with one bristle at about one-third from apex on antero—ventral surface, and one long pre-apical dorsal bristle, the end spur very long and sharp, basal hind tarsal joint as broad as tibie and two-thirds as long as the nar- row second joint, the pubescence on ventral surface yellow in some lights; wings slightly grayish, veins brown, first costal division shorter than second in male, shorter than fourth and about one- fourth as long as third, second in female as long as fourth, inner cross vein slightly beyond end of first vein and less than one-third from base of discal cell, basal portion of third vein slightly longer than second portion of fourth, fifth vein distinct to halfway from outer cross vein to wing margin, sixth very distinct to more than midway to margin, halteres yellow. Length, 2 mm. One male, Washington, District of Columbia, April 28, 1912, on United States National Museum window (Malloch); one female, Las Vegas, New Mexico (Cockerell), 4,000 feet, June, 1901. Tupe.—Cat. No. 14948, U.S.N.M. BORBORUS LACTEIPENNIS, new species. Male and female.—Black, shining; head buccate, the frons descend- ing in front and very distinctly produced above antennex, eyes small, at’ center barely higher than from lower margin to mouth margin across cheek, frons distinctly longer than broad at center, opaque black-brown, with the anterior margin and the central divergent stripes reddish, bristles rather hair-like, those on anterior margin and divergent stripes very numerous, long, and pale in color, basal joint of antenne hidden under frons, third joint rounded, twice as long as basal joint, brown at tip, yellowish at base, one strong and several weak hairs on the upper surface of basal joint, arista as long as breadth of frons at center, pubescent, face yellow, produced at mouth margin, labrum slightly projecting, cheeks yellow, browned poste- riorly, becoming merged into black toward occiput; the anterior bristle above mouth margin strong, those posterior to it very weak; NO. 1958. NEW SPECIES OF BORBORIDI—MALLOCH. 367 mesonotum shining black, with a slight olive tinge, the dorsal setulee long, three pairs noticeably so, yellowish, pleurz brownish, glossy on lower portions, scutellum with four marginal bristles; abdomen subshining, black, with pale posterior margins to segments, basal segment as long as next two, the others subequal in length, lateral and posterior marginal hairs sparse but strong, the latter present only on apical segments; male hypopygium large, knob-like, with scattered short hairs, and several long bristles at apex of dorsal plate, the ventral surface has numerous short hairs and the ventral organs are much paler in color than the dorsal plate; legs brown, trochanters, knees, and all tarsi yellow, all legs with numerous long hairs, anterior femora strong, a series of long bristles on apical two-thirds of ventral surface, mid femora and tibie as in articus, hind femora with three stronger bristles at from middle to near tip on dorsal surface, a long hair-like bristle at near base on ventral surface, hind tibiz thickened, shorter than femora, with long hairs, the usual long dorsal bristle at near to apex, a distinct strong bristle and some long hairs at about apical third of antero-ventral surface, a series of about seven very long, fine, hair-like bristles on posterior surface from a little above middle to tip; those long hairs are absent in female; apical thorn-like spur long and strong, basal joint of hind tarsi dilated, two-thirds as long as second basal, which is slightly dilated; wings milk-white, costal vein yellowish, the other veins colorless, from humeral vein to end of first vein one-third as long as from end of first vein to end of second in male and barely as long as from second vein to third vein; in female the first mentioned is rather more than one-third the second and slightly longer than last-named division; inner cross vein distinctly beyond end of first vein and at one-fourth from base of discal cell; fifth vein reaching midway to wing margin beyond outer cross vein; sixth vein reaching two-thirds to wing margin; halteres whitish. Length, 2 mm. One male and one female, Tampico, Mexico (E. A. Schwarz). Easily recognizable from any other described species by the white wings, the short arista, and the long hind tibial hairs in the male. Type.—Cat. No. 14949, U.S.N.M. BORBORUS ARTICUS, new species. Male and female.—Greenish black, distinctly shiny; frons subshining except on the stripes where the small central bristles are situated, bristles situated as in brevisetus, a rather distinct bristle between the two lower lateral bristles, the hair-like bristles on central divergent stripes numerous and long though fine, frons distinctly projecting in front, face concave, produced at mouth margin, distinctly whitish 368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, dusted, labrum distinctly protruding, shining, with slight dusting, antennz black, basal joint with numerous hairs and no longer bristle above, third joint large, more than twice as large as basal joint, rounded, with very close, short pilosity, which is pale yellowish in color, arista not longer than breadth of frons, distinctly, but sparsely pubescent, cheeks below eyes glossy black, lower half opaque, anterior bristle very long, those posterior to it gradually decreasing in length, cheeks from mouth margin to lowest part of eye more than half as high as eye—taking both at center of eye—the eye is very small as compared with brevisetus, in which species the jowl, or cheek, is not more than one-third as high as eye at center; mesonotum unstriped, slightly gray-dusted, with four regular rows of dorsal setule, which are rather long but hair-like, pleuree glossy black on lower portion, subopaque above, scutellum with four moderately long, marginal bristles, abdomen shining, basal segment in male as long as next two, second to fourth subequal, all segments with lateral, and last two with posterior, marginal, hair-like bristles, male hypopygium very large, knob-like, with complicated ventral processes, and with numerous hairs on the dorsal plate, female abdomen with basal segment only as long as one and one-half times second, the others subequal, bristled as in male; legs black, covered with very numerous black hairs, fore femora dilated, mid-femora normal, with one bristle distinct from the hairs at near apical third on anterior surface, mid-tibiz with a similar bristle situated as on femora, two preapical bristles—one antero- and one postero-dorsal—as well as the apical spurs, hind femora normal in size, with 2-3 bristles more distinct than the hairs on the center of the dorsal surface, hind tibiz slightly shorter than femora, with one long dorsal bristle at apical fourth, one on almost the ventral surface at near the apical third, and a long thorn-like curved apical spine, basal joint of hind tarsi much dilated, two- thirds as long as second basal, which is less distinctly dilated than basal; wings yellowish-brown, veins brown, from humeral vein to end of first vein one-third as long as from end of first vein to end of second and distinctly longer than from end of second to end of third; small cross vein not upright but sloped outward at upper extremity, distinctly beyond end of first vein and at less than one- third from base of discal cell, third and fourth veins slightly con- vergent toward apices, fifth vein reaching half way from cross vein to wing margin; halteres dusky yellow. Length, 2 mm. One female, Ungava Bay, one female and one male, Fort Chimo, Labrador (L. M. Turner). A male from the District of Columbia, standing as vitripennis Meigen in collection, may belong to this species. It differs from the above description in having the tibize and tarsi yellow and seems to o NO. 1958. NEW SPECIES OF BORBORIDU®—MALLOCH. 369 have the legs more strongly haired, but the poor condition of the specimen, and the absence of the terminal joint of both antenne prevent me deciding the status of the specimen. It is not vitripennis Meigen which is represented in the collection by several English specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 14950, U.S.N.M. LIMOSINA LUGUBRINA, new species. Male.—Black-brown, shining; frons shining, tawny yellow, bristles normal, face and cheeks yellow, the former slightly concave and projecting beyond eyes, cheeks below center of eyes not one-third as high as height of eyes, anterior mouth marginal bristle strong, those posterior to it weak and sparse, antenne yellow, basal joint with longish, black, terminal, internal hairs, third joint not larger than basal, with distinct pale pubescence, arista dorsal, about one and two-thirds as long as breadth of frons, dark in color and distinctly pubescent, mesonotum short, as broad as long, black-brown, paler at sides, and with a peculiar bronzy luster, scutellum broad, rounded, with four marginal bristles, pleuree brown; abdomen shining black, basal segment rather longer than second, apical two segments with scattered long hairs, hypopygium not large, yellowish; legs yellow, mid tibize with one dorsal bristle at above middle and two at near tip on the antero- and postero- dorsal surfaces, no bristles on ventral surface; basal hind tarsal jomt not much dilated, barely more than half as long as second, which is slightly dilated; wings brownish with an indistinct fascia beyond the end of second vein as in lugubris' Williston, but the venation is not as given for that species, the basal portion of third vein is slightly longer than last portion of second, the outer cross vein is distinctly longer than inner cross vein, and the fourth vein does not show beyond the outer cross vein; halteres whitish yellow. Length, 1 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 14951, U.S.N.M. One male, Aguadilla, Porto Rico, January, 1899 (A. Busck). The costal divisions in lugubrina are 1-14-4. In Williston’s description of lugubris* he states that the species has bristles on the under side (ventral surface?) of mid tibia, though I am not sure just what he means by that definition, and also that the third section of costa is three times as long as second. His figure gives the third section of costa as less than twice the length of second. He heads his description ‘‘male and female’’ and says in notes ‘‘one specimen.” 1This name being preoccupied I have altered the name of the species to sublugubrina in Smiths. Misc. Coll. vol. 59, No. 17, p. 8. 2Trans. Lond. Ent Soc., 1896, p. 433. 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—18——24 370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, LIMOSINA ROTUNDIPENNIS, new species. Female.—Black, subopaque; frons opaque on divergent central stripes, slightly shining elsewhere, bristles strong and numerous, face brown, slightly shining, projecting, not concave, cheeks not half as high as eye, the anterior bristle on mouth margin of moderate length, succeeded posteriorly by one weaker and several very short hair-like bristles, antennz black-brown, third joint slightly paler, not much larger than basal joint and slightly pointed, pubescence on third joint long, pale, basal joint with the usual dorsal, and apical bristles weak, mesonotum subopaque, with numerous short bristles, which are irregularly arranged, only one pair of distinct macrochaete, scutellum opaque, with four subequal, strong, marginal bristles, pleure brownish, opaque; abdomen opaque brown; legs brownish, the trochanters, tibie, and tarsi paler, no noticeable bristles except as in niveipennis (hind tarsi indistinguishable), wings rather short and rounded, grayish, costa brown, rather thick, noticeably so beyond end of first vein, from humeral cross vein to end of first slightly shorter than next costal division, both together as long as from end of second to third vein, basal part of third vein about one-third as long as last portion of second, outer cross vein distinctly before end of second, from outer cross vein to inner cross vein distinctly longer than basal portion of third and not twice as long as outer cross vein, third vein on last portion with a very slight upward bend, ending in front of wing tip, both fourth and fifth veins traceable beyond outer cross vein, the former distinctly so; halteres yellowish. Length, 0.75 mm. One female, Culebra Island, Porto Rico, February, 1899 (A. Busck). Type.—Cat. No. 14952, U. S. N.M. Allied to the foregoing. LIMOSINA NIVEIPENNIS, new species. Male.—Shining black; frons shining black, the central divergent stripes velvety opaque black, frontal bristles weak, face glossy brown- ish black, concave, cheeks shining but not glossy, anterior bristle above mouth strong, the others posterior to it much smaller and five in num- ber, cheek below center of eye half as high as eye height, antennz yellow, basal joint rather more than half as large as third joint, with one dorsal and five or six apical internal bristles, third jomt slightly pointed, with long pale pubescence, arista dark, one and one-half times as long as breadth of frons, distinctly pubescent; mesonotum glossy black, the dorsal bristles long but hairlike, and in regular rows though not numerous, pleure glossy black, scutellum. glossy black with four marginal bristles, the anterior pair much the weakest; abdo- men. brownish, hypopygium large, glossy, with numerous surface hairs ; No, 1958, NEW SPECIES OF BORBORIDA—MALLOCH. ith legs black, trochanters, apices of femora, bases and apices of tibie, and tarsi yellow, all legs covered with short hairs, midtibiz with 2-3 weak bristles at near apex on dorsal surface, basal joint of hind tarsi not greatly, though distinctly swollen, about two-thirds as long as second joint which is distinctly thinner; wings whitish, veins ex- cept costa almost colorless, from humeral cross vein to end of first vein equal to the next division of costa, both together equal to the last costal division, last section of second vein nearly twice as long as basal section of third, outer cross vein almost directly underneath end of second vein, fourth vein from inner cross vein to outer cross vein longer than basal part of third and twice as long as outer cross vein, last portion of third vein straight and ending almost at wing tip, fourth and fifth veins hardly traceable beyond outer cross vein; halteres dusky yellow. Length, 1 mm. One male, Mayaguez, Porto Rico, January, 1899 (A. Busck). Allied to lugubrina. Type.—Cat. No. 14953, U.S.N.M, LIMOSINA PARVA, new species. Male.—Shining black; frons raised in center, shining except on divergent central stripes, lateral bristles projecting over eyes, central bristles distinct, anterior outline of frons centrally produced, face slightly dusted, concave, mouth margin produced, anterior mouth marginal bristle strong, one weaker bristle and a few hairs posterior to it, cheek about one-third as high as height of eye, antenne black, basal joint rather strongly bristled, third joint strongly whitish pubescent, distinctly but not greatly larger than basal joint, arista about one and two-thirds as long as breadth of frons at center, thin, black, distinctly pubescent; mesonotum shining black, with scattered short hairs, as broad as long, scutellum broad, not regularly rounded, with four marginal bristles; abdomen glossy black, the basal segment nearly as long as next two together, all segments bare on disk except the last and with lateral rather long hairs, hypopygium not very large, of nor- mal shape, with scattered hairs; legs black, tibize and tarsi piceous, one weak dorsal bristle at basal third and two subapical on mid tibiz, all legs with short hairs, basal joint of hind tarsi dilated, two-thirds as long as second joint which is slightly dilated; wings gray, from humeral vein to end of first vein shorter than next costal division which is one-half as long as last division, basal section of third vein about two thirds as long as last section of second vein, and equal to fourth vei from inner to outer cross vein, outer cross vein very slightly beyond end of second vein and twice as long as inner cross vein, last section of third vein slightly bent upward and ending dis- 372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, tinctly before tip of wing, costa continued beyond end of third vein, fourth and fifth veins continued as short spurs beyond cross vein but not traceable to margin; halteres black. Length, 4 mm. One male, Washington, District of Columbia, on window of United States National Museum, top floor, April, 1912 (Malloch). Allied to evigua Williston, but the color of the halteres is white in that species. Type.—Cat. No. 14954, U.S.N.M. THE SIPUNCULIDS OF THE EASTERN COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. By Joun Hiram GEROULD, Of Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. INTRODUCTION. The large collection of sipunculids from off the eastern coast of North America that has been accumulating in the United States National Museum during the past 40 years, chiefly through the explorations of the United States Fish Commission and the present Bureau of Fisheries, has hitherto not been studied, and almost nothing has been known of the rich sipunculid fauna of the western part of the Atlantic. The genus Phascolosoma has been thought to be represented in this region by three species only: Phascolosoma gouldii, a littoral form not uncommon in New England, Ph. eremita (=boreale), found in waters of medium depth off the New England coast, and Ph. flagri- ferum, an abyssal species. Eight others are now, from the study of this material, to be added to the list of Phascolosomas found off the eastern coast of North America, two of them being new species and another, Ph. verrillu, here for the first time fully described. The five remaining species (margaritaceum, cylindratum, procerum, sabel- larie, and improvisum) have not been recognized as belonging to the American fauna. Ph. flagriferum, mentioned above, originally de- scribed from a specimen taken by the Challenger from the deep sea eastward from Virginia, is again recorded as having been dredged by the U.S. Fisheries steamer Albatross in the same latitude, but nearer the Virginian coast. The genus Phascolion is represented in the United Sines National Museum by an abundance of material from all parts of the eastern coast, exhibiting such a wide range of variation that the writer was at first inclined to describe several species. Prolonged and thorough study of this material, however, has led to the conclusion that all these variations should be referred to the single cosmopolitan species,’ Phascolion strombi (Montagu), with which Phascolion cementarium (Quatrefages) is identical, and of which Phascolosoma (= Phascolion) PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 44—No. 1959. 373 374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, tubicola of Verrill is one of seven recognizable varieties, which are described in detail in this paper. The genus Aspidosiphon, which hitherto has not been described as occurring off the Atlantic coast of North America, is found to be represented here by two new species. A new deep-sea species is added to the genus Physcosoma (=Phymosoma), remarkable for the con- tinuity of its longitudinal musculature. The range of Dendrostoma alutaceum, which has been known as a West Indian form, proves to extend northward to Cape Hatteras. Sipunculus is found to be represented not only by the cosmopolitan S. nudus, well known to occur off the coasts of North Carolina and Florida, but also by S. priapuloides Koren and Danielssen, a deep-sea species, the range of which off the American coast extends from the latitude of Charleston, South Carolina, northward to that of New York City. Siphonosoma cumanense (Keferstein) (=Phascolosoma cumanense = Sipunculus cumanensis), an interesting example of Spengel’s new genus Siphonosoma, hitherto recorded from the coast of Venezuela and the West Indies, is found to occur also in Florida. It may be inferred from the large amount of sipunculid material in the National Museum from numerous northern stations that the collection is fairly representative of the fauna of this group within the area extending from Labrador to Cape Hatteras. The sub- tropical region southward from the latter point, however, has been less thoroughly explored, though southern Florida, at least, is known to be inhabited by many interesting forms. It is the purpose of this paper to make this fauna available to biol- ogists by presenting such descriptions of external features and inter- nal structure as are necessary for the easy determination of species, by pointing out the variability of certain plastic forms that are suitable for experimental work, and by bringing together what is known about the geographical distribution of the group between Labrador and Key West. Since the material at hand will not permit of an account of the sipunculids of the West Indian and South Amer- ican region that would be at all complete, I shall here describe such subtropical and tropical forms only as have been found along the coast of Florida. ‘ Jt would be a profitable study, however, if sufficient material were available, to compare with one another the sipunculids of the two sides of the Isthmus of Panama. Physcosoma agassizii (Keferstein), ‘Aspidosiphon truncatus Keferstein, and Dendrostoma peruvianum Col. lin, have been found, so far as I know, only in the Pacific, while ‘Physcosoma pectinatum (Keferstein) and Ph. antillarum (Grube and Orsted), Sipunculus nudus, and S. titubans Selenka and Bilow occur on both sides of the Isthmus. The exclusively Atlantic subtropical ‘species inhabiting the region southward from Cape Hatteras through no. 1959. SI[PUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 875 the West Indies are, according to Selenka (1883), the following: Phascolosoma dissors Selenka and De Man; Phascolosoma coriaceum Keferstein; Phascolosoma pellucidum Keferstein; Phascolion strombi (Montagu); Physcosoma varians' (Keferstein); Dendrostoma aluta- ceum Grube; Dendrostoma pinnifolium Keferstein; Sipunculus robus- tus Keferstein; Sipunculus phalloides Pallas; Sipunculus cumanensis vitrea’ Selenka and Biilow (now Siphonosoma cumanense, see p. 432). To this list of subtropical forms should be added Phascolosoma cylindratum Keferstein; Phascolosoma cinereum, new species; Phas- colosoma verrillii Gerould; Aspidosiphon parvulus, new species; Aspi- dosiphon speciosus, new species. The sipunculid fauna of the latitude of the Middle States between Cape Hatteras and southern New England includes Physcosoma capi- tatum, new species (lat. 388° 41’ N.); Sepunculus priapuloides Koren and Danielssen; Phascolosoma cinctum, new species; Phascolosoma flagriferum Selenka; Phascolosoma margaritaceum (Sars) var. meridi- onalis, new variety; Phascolosoma procerum Meebius; Phascolosoma verrillii Gerould; Phascolosoma sabellariz Théel; Phascolosoma wmpro- visum Théel. The boreal fauna extending northward from Long Island, New York, includes Phascolosoma gouldii (Pourtalés) ; Phascolosoma mar- garitaceum (Sars); Phascolosoma eremita (Sars); Phascolion alberti Sluiter. Ubiquitous along the American coast from the West Indies to Labrador is Phascolion strombi (Montagu). Its range includes the whole of the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. The most distinctively abyssal species of Phascolosoma that have been found off the eastern coast of America are Phascolosoma flagriferum Selenka, which occurs in 1,700-2,620 fathoms, and Ph. cinctum, new species, found in 368—1,290 fathoms. Associated with the latter at the depth of 1,290 fathoms was Ph. sabellariz. Ph. eremita (Sars), though commonly found in less than 100 fathoms, has been taken in 1,098; and Ph. margaritaceum (Sars), the typical form of which occurs off the Canadian and Newfoundland coasts in 30-75 fathoms, has a variety which [ shall call meridionalis that has been taken off Marthas Vineyard in 705 fathoms. Phascolosoma procerum Mebius has been found in 100-266 fathoms off our coast, its range apparently being somewhat restricted bathymetrically. It is found in the North Sea off Edinburgh, Scotland, as well as off the coast of the United States near the fortieth parallel. On the other hand, Ph. sabellarie and improvisum off this continent have a wide bathymetric range, the former occurring from 70 to 1,098 fathoms, the latter from 5 to 810. 1 The species indicated have been found along the coast of Florida. 376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, In shallow water are found Ph. verrillii (4-16 fathoms) and Ph. cinereum (45 fathoms). Ph. gouldit (Pourtalés) and Ph. cylindratum Keferstein are the littoral representatives of their genus upon this coast. Sipunculus nudus Linneeus and Siphonosoma cumanense (Keferstein) var. vitrea are both littoral species, but Sipunculus priapuloides Koren and Danielssen is found in 478-1,069 fathoms. Phascolion strombi (Montagu) occurs at all depths from 5 to 1,061 fathoms, and Ph. alberti Sluiter at depths of 1,267—1,674 meters. Physcosoma varians (Keferstein) and Ph. antillarum Grube and Orsted are littoral forms, but Physcosoma capitatum, new species, inhabits the sea bottom at 677-1,769 fathoms. Aspidosiphon parvulus, new species, occurs in 16 fathoms; A. spe- ciosus, new species, is found in the coral reefs near shore, and has been taken‘ also at a depth of 157 fathoms. Dendrostoma alutaceum Grube has a similar distribution among coral reefs near shore, and was taken off Cape Hatteras at a depth of 16 fathoms. After plotting upon a map the principal localities at which sipun- culids occur in the deeper waters off our coast (p. 377), I was inter- ested to note how closely they follow the 1,000-fathom curve, the _ edge of the continental shelf. This is probably due in part to the fact that dredging operations have been carried on more extensively along this belt than elsewhere, but may it not possibly indicate that the conditions there, where the bottom rapidly descends from 100 to 1,000 fathoms, are exceptionally favorable for the life of sipun- culids? Sipunculus priapuloides, Physcosoma capitatum, Phascolo- soma cinctum, Ph. procerum, and Ph. margaritaceum var. meridionalis have been found only along this edge of the continental shelf; Ph. eremita, Ph. sabellariz, and Ph. improvisum occur not only there but in shallower waters nearer the coast. Phascolosoma flagriferum alone occurs beyond the 1,000-fathom line, isolated in the deep sea. Interrelationships of the genera.—The recognized genera of sipuncu- lids are so closely anastomosed that it is difficult to define them sharply from one another. For example, Ph. gouldi, which is clearly a species of Phascolosoma, as is shown by its tentacles, integument, arrangement of its nervous system, and its development, differs from all other species of Phascolosoma and resembles all known species of Sipunculus in the division of its longitudinal musculature into sepa- rate bands. On the other hand, Physcosoma capitatum, new species, differs from all other known species of that genus in having a contin- uous layer of longitudinal muscle fibers, and in this respect it resem- bles the Phascolosomas. Yet it has the peculiar form of head and crown of tentacles, as well as other features characteristic of the genus Physcosoma, in which I have accordingly, though it must be no. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 377 ctum, m uldii, Phascolosoma; im, improvisu jnaaae ma; ct, cin LE um, Phascolosoma; pp, priapuloides, hh ages. | SEY ane apitatum, Physcoso 1) = =I i S88 4 oa peas oas§ Gi eea es i a) on 2 ORC! IS Re aeogs a3'a8 Asm Sous, eos Ss - "2, 8 of 202 ap<8 ASah pea ( es wWwos S =| “ =| : al, alutaceum, Dendrostoma; cm, ¢c lations ee ea eS as seer A Spl dé Abbrev Phascolosoma; cy, cylindratum, Phascolosoma; er, er Phascolosoma; m, margaritaceum, Phascolosoma; n, Sipunculus; sb, sabellarie, Phascolosoma; sp, speciosus, MAP SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF ATLANTIC SIPUNCULIDS. 378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, confessed, somewhat arbitrarily, placed it. The unity or division of the longitudinal musculature, therefore, though it is a convenient and useful recognition mark, is not, in my opinion, as perfect a cri- terion of genera as the peculiarities in the form of the crown of tentacles Phascolosoma is the central genus with which Sipunculus and Physcosoma are each almost inextricably connected. The same can be said of the relation of Phascolosoma to Dendrostoma, Petalostoma, Phascolion, and Aspidosiphon. Dendrostoma and Petalostoma' differ from Phascolosoma only in their tentacles and the accompanying vas- cular system, both of which are hypertrophied in Dendrostoma and atrophied in Petalostoma. Phascolion is like Phascolosoma as regards its tentacular and circulatory apparatus, though it has become asymmetrical and otherwise modified in adaptation to life in mol- lusk shells. Aspidosiphon, while in its extreme forms widely diver- gent from Phascolosoma, is nevertheless closely connected with this genus by intermediate species, as it is with Physcosoma. It is of course always difficult to form a definite opinion as to whether a simple organism is primitive or the product of degenera- tion, and in many, if not in most cases, no final conclusion can be reached in the absence of paleontological evidence. From my work on the embryology of Phascolosoma I was inclined to the conclusion that the sipunculids are extremely primitive, unsegmented, annelid- like forms, and am still of that opinion; but a fuller acquaintance with Siphonosoma cumanense might possibly give credence to the view expressed by Selenka that they are degenerate annelids. Siphonosoma cumanense (Keferstein) has Phascolosoma-like tentacles combined with certain of the characteristics of the genus Sipunculus and, in my opinion, is a form of considerable morphological interest, because its coelom is crossed by regularly arranged transverse folds of peritoneum that suggest the dissepiments of annelids. The regu- larity of their arrangement and their independence of the intestinal coil suggest that possibly they may not be newly evolved peritoneal folds, as appears to be the case, but perhaps represent vestiges of the septa of annelid ancestors. A thorough study of the development of this species, in any event, is much to be desired. The characters used in distinguishing species among the sipunculids are remarkably variable. Hooks, even though of some service in classifying these species, are unreliable, for in the same species they may be present or absent. In Ph. gouldi, for example, I found (1906) a zone of minute hooks encircling the introvert of young individuals 3-6 cm. long and probably 1 year old, while none were found on slightly larger individuals 6.7 to 8 cm. in length. Ph. gouldw, how- ever, naturally would be included among hookless species, since the 1 See pages 392, 395. no. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. $79 adult has no hooks. Phascolion strombi, on the other hand, is a spe-~ cies regularly provided with hooks, but occasionally lacking them. The retractor muscles, which I regard as a feature of a good deal of morphological significance, vary in specimens of Phascolion strombi from off the coast of Nova Scotia in having two roots to the dorsal retractor instead of the usual single line of attachment, different indi- viduals from the same region showing each condition. The divided retractor is often associated in these specimens with a short intro- vert, so that a more or less distinct variety may be recognized, which occurs with the normal form and probably interbreeds with it. Phascolion strombi, in general, is an extraordinarily plastic form, its external features, like color, thickness of the integument, shape, and number of the cuticular holdfasts, apparently depending almost wholly upon the character of the shell which the individual inhabits. Experiments in raising this species in shells of different kinds would be most interesting and instructive, and, as.the animals can readily be kept in aquaria, such experiments would be practicable at any permanent marine zoological station. The order in which the genera are described in this paper is intended to bring out, in general, the fact that Phascolosoma is the central or primitive genus from which the others have probably originated, though the interrelationships of the various genera can be expressed, of course, only very inadequately by a linear series. Siphonosoma naturally would precede Sipunculus, since it is intermediate in struc- ture between Phascolosoma and Sipunculus; but for convenience in description Professor Spengel’s new genus is here placed last. The sequence adopted in this paper is as follows: Phascolosoma, Phascolion, Dendrostoma, Physcosoma, Aspidosiphon, Sipunculus, Siphonosoma. Genus PHASCOLOSOMA F. S. Leuckart. Longitudinal muscle layer continuous (except in Ph. gouldit). Distinct finger-shaped or leaf-shaped tentacles encircle the mouth in one or more rows or groups, interrupted in the median-dorsal line by the ciliated nuchal organ. Hooks may or may not be present on the introvert. The intestine forms a double spiral coil of several, or many, whorls not fastened at the posterior end of the trunk. The pair of nephridia hang free. Four retractor muscles of the imtrovert, or only two (ventral). The contractile Polian vessel in most cases is simple, seldom having ceca. An anterior columellar or spindle muscle usually occurs. A pair of photic tubes lead backward from the surface of a cerebral sense organ into the substance of the cerebral ganglion. The bottom (or posterior, blind end) of each of these tubes, when pigmented, forms an ‘eye spot.” The yolk-laden prototroch cells of the trochophore atrophy during metamorphosis, and their substance passes in granular form into the celom of the larva. 380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 44. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Longitudinal muscles discontinuous». .......gouldii (Pourtalés). Longitudinal muscles continuous; Pour retractars.. 5; No hooks on introvert............----- margaritaceum (Sars). Hooksion antrovert:'...2 66 22. - cylindratum Keferstein. procerum Moebius. eremita (Sars). eremita, new var. scabra. Hooks absent...........-.--++--+----- verrillit Gerould. flagriferum Selenka. sabellariex Théel. improvisum Théel. Booka present. ..{, saayctcoke ogee cinereum, new species. cinctum, Lew species. Two retractors..... PHASCOLOSOMA GOULDI (Pourtalés). Sipunculus gouldii PourTausks, 1851. Phascolosoma gouldii Digsine, 1859. This common littoral species is found along the coast of New Eng- land from Casco Bay southward to the coast of Connecticut (New Haven), and on Long Island, New York (Cold Spring Harbor). It occurs somewhat locally in patches of muddy sand slightly above, or more commonly below, the low-water mark; and small individuals have been taken from Vineyard Sound with Ph. verrillii at a probable, though unrecorded, depth of several fathoms. The worms burrow vertically and obliquely in irregular fashion into the sand, to a depth of more than a haif meter in summer. This species, the structure of which has been fully described by Andrews (1890) and the development by Gerould (1896), requires no description here. I have elsewhere pointed out (1896, p. 147) that the division of the longitudinal musculature into distinct bands, which is a peculiarity that distinguishes this species from other Phascoloso- mas, is not an adequate reason for separating it from closely allied species of Phascolosoma and placing it in the genus Sipunculus, as Pourtalés, its earliest describer, Selenka, and others have done. In structure and development it much resembles Phascolosoma vulgare Blainville, the common littoral species of Europe. Its nearest ally in this country is Ph. margaritaceum (Sars), an inhabitant of deeper waters and extending northward, but also represented off our coast in the latitude of southern New Jersey by the variety meridionalis, the elongated form of which variety, as well as the integument and internal structure with the exception of the longitudinal muscles, resemble closely the corresponding features in Ph. gouldii. no. 1959. SEPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 381 PHASCOLOSOMA MARGARITACEUM (Sars). Sipunculus margaritaceus Sars, 1851. Phascolosoma oerstedii KEFERSTEIN, 1865.—THEEL, 1875. Phascolosoma fulgens THEEL, 1875 (young?). Phascolosoma albidum THEEL, 1875 (young). Phascolosoma margaritaceum Koren and DANrIELssEN, 1877. Specimens were taken from the following localities off the coast of North America: Station 2463, Green Bank, south of Newfoundland, lat. 45° 44’ N.; long. 54° 27’ W.; 45 fathoms, broken shells; temperature at bottom, aur B. Station 2466, Green Bank, south of Newfoundland, lat. 45° 29’ N.; long. 55° 24’ W.; 67 fathoms, coral; temperature at. bottom, 30° F. Gulf of St. Lawrence, J. T. Whiteaves, 1872; 30fathoms. (Hitherto erroneously referred to by Verrill, 1874, and others as Ph. boreale.) Station 2491, Misaine Bank, east of Cape Breton, lat. 45° 24’ 30’ N.; long. 58° 35’ 15’’ W.; 59 fathoms, white sand. Station 2492, Misaine Bank, east of Cape Breton, lat. 45° 22’ N.; long. 58° 43’ 45’’ W.; 75 fathoms, white sand; temperature at bottom, Spy bal Gloucester Donation 803, western edge of Grand Bank, schooner Gatherer, August 16, 1881. Characteristics.—Smooth, firm skin of pearl gray color, lustrous in some specimens. Introvert brownish-gray in alcoholic specimens. Four retractors, no hooks on the introvert, no eye-spots. It can readily be distinguished from Ph. gould by the continuous layer of circular muscles of the body wall and by the shortness and greater thickness of the trunk. In form and proportion (pl. 58, fig. 1) it resembles Ph. eremita (Sars), and especially smooth and lustrous specimens of the latter without internal examination might be mistaken for this species, but Ph. eremita has a rougher skin, marked with parallel ridges and furrows especially evident at the posterior extremity of the body, and the trunk is usually brownish, rather than pearl-gray. The two species can be readily distinguished otherwise by the fact that Ph. margaritaceum has four retractor muscles, Ph. eremita two. Distribution.—Théel (1905) describes Ph. margaritaceum as a true Arctic form, possibly with a circumpolar distribution. A western variety occurs off Greenland, Spitzbergen, Norway (Finmarken), Russia (Kola Peninsula), and Nova Zembla; an eastern variety is found north of Siberia and in Bering Strait. It is much less abundant off the coast of North America than Ph. eremita (Sars), but occurs at depths from 30 to 75 fathoms off Newfoundland and the Canadian coast. 382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, PHASCOLOSOMA MARGARITACEUM var. MERIDIONALIS, new variety. Station 2749, lat. 39° 42’ N.; long. 71° 17’ W.; 705 fathoms, gray ooze; temperature at bottom, 38.7° F. One specimen, type. Fayal Island, Azores, gravelly beach, lat. 38° 30’ N.; long. 28° 40’ W. Six specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 4003, U.S.N.M. This southern variety of Ph. margaritaceum occurs near the fortieth parallel on both sides of the North Atlantic, inhabiting the edge of the American continental shelf, 705 fathoms, in a region approximately south of Newport and east of Philadelphia; occurring also at Fayal Island, one of the Azores, where it burrows in a gravelly beach. The specimen from off the coast of the United States differs little except in size from those from the Azores. The only marked difference between this variety and the typical form in northern waters is the extremely elongated shape, in which respect it resembles Ph. gouldi, or the two European species, Ph, vulgare and Ph. elongatum, more than the typical form. The intro- vert has the same pearly gray color as the trunk and not the brownish hue seen on the introvert of the typical form. The skin in a state of contraction shows distinct, though minute, papille. These are especially evident near the anterior end of the partially contracted introvert. The coils of the intestine are extraordinarily numerous in the large specimen from deep water (station 2749). The dimensions of this specimen are: Length of the trunk behind the anus, 85 mm.; introvert estimated at somewhat over 35 mm., probably half the length of the trunk; thickness of the trunk about 8 mm. The specimens from Fayal are about one-third as large as the specimen from station 2749. One individual from Fayal lacks the left-dorsal retractor muscle. Ph. capsiforme Baird is a small Antarctic species closely allied to Ph. margaritaceum (Sars). Geographically the variety just described occupies an intermediate region. Inhabiting waters of the Temperate Zone, its form resembles that of other Phascolosomas of this zone, rather than the oval form characteristic of the Arctic and northern type of this species and of Ph. eremita (Sars). It seems not impossible that the variety meridionalis may be a hybrid between the typical Ph. margaritaceum and Ph. vulgare or, possibly in the case of the Azores stock, Ph. elongatum. PHASCOLOSOMA CYLINDRATUM Keferstein. Key West, Florida (Henry Hemphill, 1885). Three specimens. Recorded previously only from the Bermudas, Keferstein (1865). This small, littoral species (pl. 58, fig. 2) is easily distinguished by its smooth, light yellowish-brown surface, the rows of hooks behind its no. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 383 finger-shaped tentacles, its cylindrical trunk and short introvert, and, internally, by the presence of four retractor muscles. The length of one well-expanded specimen is: Trunk, 16 mm.; introvert, 5 mm.; another has a trunk 20 mm. long. The length of the introvert is therefore slightly less than one-third that of the trunk. The thin, smooth skin of the trunk is everywhere studded with minute epidermal organs, which are most clearly seen at the posterior end of the body, where the epidermis is marked off into small, squarish blocks, each containing a rounded epidermal organ. Slightly in front of this region the epidermal organs have an elliptical contour, as described by Keferstein. In most cases they do not rise above the general surface, though some of them near the posterior end of the trunk are capped with exceedingly minute papille. The larger part of the anterior half of the introvert is covered with about 20 distinct circlets of hooks. The anterior rows are more widely separated than the posterior, and consist of slender, curved, yellowish-brown hooks with dark-colored tips. The smaller, posterior hooks are less regu- larly arranged in circlets. Keferstein found 20 long thread-like tentacles. The one specimen which I examined had only 16, and they were short and finger-shaped, with a prominent longitudinal furrow along the oral surface of each, but they may have been some- what contracted. The dorsal retractors, which are more slender than the ventral, are attached to the body wall opposite the anus, and slightly behind the nephridial openings; the ventral retractors arise near the posterior end of the first third of the length of the trunk. There are numerous intestinal coils (25-30) which are free behind, though Keferstein notes that they are held behind and in front, respectively, by a pair of muscle strands. The rectum is very short. There is a short, simple contractile tube. The intestine is filled with calcareous particles— grains of coral sand. PHASCOLOSOMA PROCERUM Mebius. Specimens were taken from the following localities off the American coast: Station 871, lat. 40° 02’ 54’” N.; long. 70° 23’ 40’” W.; 115 fathoms, mud and fine sand; temperature at bottom, 49° F. One specimen. Station 943, lat. 40° 00’ 00’’ N; long. 71° 14’ 30’’ W.; 157 fathoms, mud, sand, shells; temperature at bottom, 49°F. Three young speci- mens. Station 946, lat. 39° 55’ 30’’ N.; long. 71° 14’ 00’’ W.; 247 fathoms, green mud and sand; temperature at bottom, 47° F. One specimen. Station 949, lat. 40° 03’ 00’’ N.; long. 70° 31’ 00’’ W.; 100 fathoms, yellow mud; temperature at bottom, 52° F. One specimen. Station 999, lat. 39° 45’ 13’’ N.; long. 71° 30’ W.; 266 fathoms, green mud. One specimen. . 384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44. A specimen of this large gray Phascolosoma (pl. 58, fig. 3) was dredged at each of the above-mentioned localities off Marthas Vine- yard at depths from 100 to 266 fathoms. In all respects except size they resemble those from Bass Rock near Edinburgh described by Mebius, but the largest specimen from off Marthas Vineyard is five times the length of those from the North Sea. It has also been found at several places off the west coast of Sweden, according to Théel (1905), at depths of from 9 to 35 fathoms. In that region also its size is diminutive compared with that of the American specimens. Characteristics.—The total length of the largest individual is 180 mm., of which the trunk behind the anus is 75 mm.; thickness of the trunk, 10 mm. The introvert is about 24 times as long as the trunk, and one-third as thick. The posterior extremity of the body is pro- longed into a slender, tail-like process, which in one specimen is about half as long as the thickness of the trunk, or about 5mm. Color gray, the introvert of one specimen being slightly iridescent. The cuticula is thrown up into fine, wavy folds. Both trunk and intro- vert are covered sparsely with minute, dark-brown papille. The two (ventral) retractors have their origin at the extreme posterior end of the body (pl. 59, fig. 8). The pair of nephridia are attached slightly in front of the anus, and hang entirely free. Their surface | is slightly rough. The esophagus is long; the rectum very short; the intestine has many coils closely held to the walls of the body. The Polian tube (contractile vessel) is covered with branching tufts that adhere to the dorsal wall of the body. A notable feature of the nerve cord in two specimens that I have dissected is its submergence beneath the longitudinal muscle layer near the posterior end of the body, so that it is apparently interrupted. This disappearance begins slightly in front of the posterior end of the retractor muscles and extends forward nearly to the free ends of the nephridia. The retractors in this region are closely applied to the layer of longitudinal muscles, and united with them. Théel’s (1905) beautiful figures of this species as it appears off the west coast of Sweden, however, show that the fusion of the retractor muscles to the body wall and the submergence of the nerve cord beneath the longitudinal muscles near the posterior end of the body, as described above, are not characteristic of the Swedish and North Sea representa- tives of this species, and it is perhaps not a constant characteristic in those of the western Atlantic. According to Théel the tentacles are arranged in six groups, varying in number from 28 to 40. The skin immediately behind the tentacles is thin and smooth, not covered with the chitinous cuticula like the rest of the body, from which a collar or fold marks off this smooth zone. no. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 885 PHASCOLOSOMA EREMITA (Sars). Sipunculus eremita Sars, 1851. Phascolosoma boreale KEFERSTEIN, 1865.—VERRILL, 1874. Sipunculus (Phascolosomum) borealis QUATREFAGES, 1865. Phascolosoma eremita KorEN and DANIELSSEN, 1877.—S=ELENKA, 1883.—THEEL, 1905. Specimens were taken from the following localities off the American coast: Station 2698, south of Newfoundland, lat. 45° 07’ N.; long. 55° 09’ W.; 90 fathoms, gray sand, pebbles. Station 2486, east of Banquereau, Nova Scotia, lat. 44° 26’ N.; long. 57° 11’ 15’’ W.; 190 fathoms, coarse sand and gravel; tempera- ture at bottom, 39.7° F. Station 2507, off Halifax, Nova Scotia, lat. 44° 27’ 30’ N.; long. 62° 33’ 30’’ W.; 80 fathoms, hard bottom; temperature at bottom, 41.6° F. Station 2497, off Cape Canso, south of Cape Breton, lat. 45° 04’ N.; long. 59° 46’ 45’’ W.; 57 fathoms, yellow sand, broken shells, hard; temperature at bottom, 33° F. Casco Bay, 1873; 48-64 fathoms. Station 21B, Cashes Ledge, lat. 42° 49’ N.; long. 68° 50’ W.; 52-90 fathoms, rocky bottom; temperature, 43° F. Station 78B, east of Isles of Shoals near Jeffreys Ledge, lat. 43° 04’ N.; long. 70° 30’ W.; 35 fathoms, blue clay, mud, sand; tempera- ture at bottom, 438° F. Station 161, off Cape Ann, a little south by west of lat. 42° 36’ N.; long. 70° 27’ W.; 54 fathoms; temperature at bottom, about 394° F. Station 216, off Cape Ann; 35 fathoms, sandy. Station 184, off Cape Ann, a little northeast of lat. 42° 301’ N.; long. 70° 38’ W.; 45 fathoms, mud; temperature at bottom, 423° F. Station 2523, east of Georges Bank, lat. 41° 48’ 30’’ N.; long. 65° 44’ 30’’ W.; 111 fathoms, sand, gravel, stones; temperature at bottom, 41.6° F. Station 2524, east of Georges Bank, lat. 41° 48’ 45! "N.; Jone..652 Att W385 eo okass sand, gravel, stones; temperature a bottom, 42.6° F. Station 891, south of Marthas Vineyard, lat. 39° 46’ N.; long. 71° 10’ W.; 480 (?) fathoms, soft brown mud. Began 2052, south of Georges Bank, lat. 39° 40’ 05’’ N.; long. 69° 21’ 25’’ W.; 1,098 fathoms, Globigerina ooze; temperature at bottom, 45° F. This species is found from Spitzbergen and Greenland eastward to Nova Zembla and the Kara Sea (Théel, 1905). The southernmost point off the Scandinavian coast at which it has been taken is Bodé, north of the Arctic Cirele (Koren and Danielssen, 1875, 1877, cited 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13——25 ° 386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, by Théel, 1905). It is remarkable that this characteristically Arctic form extends southward along the American coast in shallow water as far as Massachusetts Bay, and in deeper waters as far south as about 40° north latitude. Specimens that I have examined from the extreme north (South Gatt, northwestern Spitzbergen, latitude 79° 40’ N., 7 fathoms, and others from Spitzbergen Sea dredged by the U.S. S. Alliance in 1881) do not differ materially from those found in Massachusetts Bay. It occurs usually at depths of less than 100 fathoms, though Théel records a specimen from Umanak, Greenland, from 200 fathoms, and it has been found south of Cape Cod in 480 and 1,098 fathoms. The specimens in the United States National Museum differ only in minor details (size, color) from Keferstein’s (1865) description of Ph. boreale, which has been identified by Danielssen and Koren as Ph. eremita (Sars). These differences are (1) the slightly smaller size of the specimens in the National Museum, none of which is more than 25 or 30 mm. in total length, including a slight allowance for contraction, although it is quite possible that the living animal may ~ measure 20 to 50 mm., which Selenka (1883) gives as the length of Ph. eremita. (2) The introvert in the specimens from off the New England coast is shorter than the trunk (pl. 58, fig. 4), whereas in Ph. eremita (= boreale) it is said to be as long as or longer than the trunk. The dimensions given by Keferstein, however (trunk 18 mm., introvert 15 mm.), agree as to proportions with the specimens which I have examined. (8) I find no gray, yellow, or yellowish-brown pigment spots on the specimens (preserved in alcohol) that I have examined, such as have been found in this species. The skin is usually dark grayish- or yellowish-brown and, in some specimens, has a slight iridescence. The most constant and striking characteristic of the skin is the occurrence of parallel trans- verse ridges and furrows (pl. 58, fig. 4) which everywhere encircle the body, but are especially con&tant at the posterior extremity, which in some cases is raised into a knob-shaped elevation surrounded by concentric ridges. In many individuals the transverse ridges are broken, particularly at the posterior extremity of the body and at the base of the introvert, by less prominent longitudinal ridges. Very minute, finger-shaped papille (in many specimens darker than the rest of the skin, and hence easily visible with a lens) are scattered somewhat sparsely, but rather evenly, over the surface. The papille are somewhat more abundant, however, at the base of the introvert and near the posterior extremity of the trunk than elsewhere. They are found upon the ridges and, at the posterior end of the body, upon the squarish blocks of skin into which the ridges are broken. The skin and body wall are thick and tough in most individuals, no. 1959. S[PUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 387. There are 22-24 simple tentacles in the specimens which I have examined, produced by the slight modification of a tentacular fold. Théel (1905) finds, among the many specimens from the northern and Arctic regions that he has examined, from 16 to 40 tentacles. Each has the usual longitudinal furrow on the oral surface. A simple nuchal organ consisting of a pair of elevations lies in the mid- dorsal interruption of the tentacles. The longitudinal muscles form a continuous layer. The two retractors (fig. 1) have their origin in the middle third of the body. A pair of prominent gonads were found attached to their bases. The nephridia are small and hang free. The brain is not distinctly bi- lobed, and is without visible eye-spots. There is a well- marked cerebralorgan. The alimentary tube has numer- ous coils. The esophagus is attached to each of the re- tractor muscles by a perito- neal membrane containing muscle fibers. The intestinal coil hangs free behind, but is held at the anterior end by two muscle strands, one attached to the junction be- tween the esophagus and s descending spire, united to Fig. 1.—DISSECTION SHOWING INTERNAL oasis OF PHASCOLOSOMA EREMITA. X 4, an, ANUS; gn, CERE- the body wall on the left; BRAL GANGLION; g0, REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS; mph, NE- and one attached to the PHRIDIUM; th. P, POLIAN TUBULE. third coil and to the right side of the body wall. There is no spindle muscle, but a transverse sheet of muscle holds the short rectum to the wall of the body. There is a simple Polian tube. PHASCOLOSOMA EREMITA (Sars) var. SCABRA, new variety. Specimens, which may be designated as representatives of a new variety, scabra, were dredged with Phascolion strombi and a species of Dentaliwm probably off Cashes Ledge in the Gulf of Maine in 1873. The shape of the contracted specimens indicates that they may have been taken, like the Phascolions, from cast mollusk shells. - Type.—Cat. No. 8396, U.S.N.M. 388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 44, They differ from the typical form in that the circular ridges and furrows of the external surface are nearly concealed by the loose, thick, coffee-colored cuticula, which gives the surface the appearance of a rough woolen fabric. In one of these specimens the brain is distinctly bilobed, and the nephridia are long, but there are no con- stant internal peculiarities that I can discover. Specimens from Casco Bay have a similar, though less marked, scabrous appearance, and certain individuals from off Cape Ann show the same tendency. : VARIATIONS FROM GREAT DEPTHS. The single specimen taken at station 2052, south of Georges Bank, 1,095 fathoms, differs markedly in external appearance from the typical form. It has a thick, rough, grayish integument thickly covered at the posterior extremity of the trunk with bluntly rounded papille. The imperfect specimen from station 891, south of Marthas Vine- yard, 480 fathoms, on the other hand, has a smooth, thin skin sug- gesting that of Ph. margaritaceum. PHASCOLOSOMA VERRILLII Gerould.! Station 15, south of Naushon Island, Massachusetts, 74 fathoms, rocks and sand. One specimen. Station 79, north of Nashawena Island, 54 fathoms, mud. One specimen. Station 93, off north shore of Naushon, 7-8 fathoms, sandy mud. One specimen. Station 135, mouth of West Falmouth Harbor, 33-5 fate) sand and pebbles. Two specimens. Station 7811, off West Falmouth, Massachusetts, 6? fathoms. Three specimens. Station 1188 (year 1884), off Nobska Point, 44-5 fathoms, hard sand. Off Tarpaulin Cove (south of Naushon). Station 2280 (1884), off Cape Hatteras, lat. 35° 21’ N.; long. 75° 21’ 30’’ W., 16 fathoms, gray sand and broken shells. Six specimens. This species occurs in the shallow waters of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, and extends southward as far at least as Cape Hatteras, and probably farther. The biological survey of the Woods Hole region carried on by Dr. F. B. Sumner in 1905 and 1906 brought to light eight specimens, and four others from Vine- yard Sound and six from off Cape Hatteras had already been pre- served in the U.S. National Museum. I secured one specimen off West Falmouth in August, 1907, by dredging with the Phalarope, 1 Science, vol. 27, No. 691, March 27, 1908. No. 1959. STPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 389 but several hauls made for this purpose in the same locakty with the larger apparatus of the Fish Hawk were unsuccessful. The depth at which it has been taken varied from 3} to 8 fathoms about Woods Hole, and was 16 fathoms off Cape Hatteras. It occurs either in sand or mud, or a combination of the two. The largest specimens that I have examined have a total length of 25 mm., of which the trunk is 15 mm., the introvert about 10 mm. (pl. 58, fig. 5). The somewhat thick, cylindrical trunk (thickness one- tenth to one-fifth of the length) tapers rapidly to a blunt end behind. The slender cylindrical introvert has a uniform diameter except at the base, where it expands slightly as it joins the trunk. Its diameter is less than half that of the trunk (as, for instance. 1 mm. to 2.5 mm. in a specimen with a total length of 25 mm.). There is a single row of 34 tentacles, or less. A young individual, 7 or 8 mm. in length, has 12. There are no hooks on the introvert. This species has the peculiar possibility, under adverse conditions, of withdrawing the introvert from the thick cuticula which covers it. The cuticula is first loosened, and then sloughed off, but retained as a tubular, or trumpet-shaped, protuberance from the anterior end of the body, like the proboscis of an echiurid (pl. 59, fig. 7). This mal- formation does not prevent the alternate introversion and extension of the anterior end of the animal, though the anterior extremity of the introvert with the tentacles can not be completely expanded. This peculiar result of unfavorable circumstances appeared in both of the living specimens that I examined, the first being in that con- dition when taken from the dredge, the second assuming it after an attempt had been made to stupefy the animal with weak alcohol. The color varies from dark-seal brown, or dark-steel gray with iridescent tints and dark-brown papille, to light brown, or more exactly café-au-lait. The color probably depends upon the nature of the bottom. The seal-brown specimens were taken from a sandy or pebbly bottom; the iridescent steel-gray specimen from sandy mud, and the light-brown specimen from mud. Ripe males, if not too deeply pigmented, are easily distinguished from the females by the white color of the sperm shining through the translucent walls of the body. Both trunk and introvert are covered with prominent papille of a darker hue than the rest of the skin (pl. 58, fig. 5). They are largest and most crowded at the posterior end of the trunk and at the base of the introvert, smallest and least abundant in a broad zone in the middle of the trunk, and gradually increase in size and abundance from this zone backward to the posterior extremity. Likewise on the introvert the papille decrease gradually in size and abundance ‘ from the base to the region immediately behind the tentacles, which arenearly devoidof papillz. The large papille on the base of theintro- 390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44. vert and at the posterior end of the trunk are finger-shaped, or bluntly conical, and attached to the body by a small neck. On the intro- vert of a large individual they measure 0.08 mm. or 0.09 mm. in length and 0.033 mm.-to 0.038 mm. in breadth, but on another speci- men they are from 0.04 mm. to 0.05 mm. long and about 0.03 mm. in thickness. In the middle of the trunk the larger papille are ovate and fungiform, about 0.04 mm. in diameter. Smaller, undeveloped papille are interspersed among the others. The two (ventral) retractor muscles (fig. 2) arise from the body wall in the adult slightly in front of the middle of the trunk. In a very young indi- vidual (7 mm.-8 mm. in length) they were found to arise at the posterior end of the second third. The relative posi- tion of the attach- ments of these muscles evidently shifts forward in this form, as in other sipunculids, during the post- larval life, owing to excessive growthofthe body wall at the poste- rior pole. (See Gerould, 1906, p. 119.) The pairof large Fig. 2.—DISSECTION OF PHASCOLOSOMA VERRILLI. X 9. an, ANUS; go, nephridia are sit- REPRODUCNIVE ORGANS; m.rtr, RETRACTOR MUSCLE; neph, NEPHRIDIUM; yated nearly op- 0c, PIGMENTED EYE; tb. Pol, POLIAN TUBULE. ° posite the anus, but slightly in front of it. A prominent ciliated nephrostome opens into the ventral side of the base of the nephridium. Its circular ori- fice communicates with a narrower passage which runs backward close to the ventral wall of the nephridium and parallel to the latter into the cavity of the nephridium, from which a septum partially separates it. The Jength of the passage is three or four times the width of the orifice. The supraesophagal ganglion of the adult is oval, or spindle- shaped, with its chief axis transverse to the length of the body. A no. 1959. SIPUNOULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 391 pair of prominent pigmented eyes lie within the brain near its ante- rior, dorsal, and lateral surfaces. They consist of the pigmented posterior extremities of a pair of slender, cylindrical ocular tubes, which run forward to the lateral surfaces of an oval epidermal pro- tuberance in front of the brain, the cerebral organ. , This organ lies dorsal to the buccal region and anterior to the ciliated nuchal organ. The ocular tubes are filled with a transparent, homogeneous material (fluid or semifluid) which does not readily stain, in the midst of which lies a long, spindle-shaped, refractive cone, which stains readily with fuchsin... Its chief axis coincides with that of the tube. The intestine consists of about 26 whorls. It is of wide caliber, and terminates in a long, straight rectum. A large simple Polian vessel runs the length of the esophagus upon its dorsal side. Phascolosoma verrillu, which has a southern range, resembles Ph. pellucidum Keferstein (=Ph. riiseii Keferstemn) in its proportions, in internal structure, including the presence of pigmented eye-spots, but the skin is not so thin as in the latter, and the papillz are per- haps not so slender and spine-like. Ph. pellucidum from St. Thomas (Antilles) measures, according to Keferstein, trunk 45 mm., introvert 23 mm.; the hookless individuals wHich Keferstein calls Ph. rusew measure, trunk 40 mm. and introvert 20 mm., so that this species is more than twice as long as Ph. verrillir. Professor Verrill (1873) mentions this form in his Report on the Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard Sound, page 333 [627] as “A species sunilar to the last [Ph. cementarium] in size and form, with a thick integument, thickly covered throughout with small rounded papille or granules, but without the dark chitinous hooks seen on the poste- rior part of the latter.’ He possibly refers to it again on page 59 [353] under the ‘‘ Fauna of the sandy shores of the bays and sounds.” It appears to have been found with Ph. gouldii in the sand at low water, evidently by digging. Again on page 122 [416] it is mentioned as occurring with Ph. cementarium on gravelly and shelly bottoms. Since Professor Verrill thus briefly described this species it is appropriately known as PA. verrillii, in recognition of the large con- tributions to science of this veteran naturalist and distinguished pioneer of American zoology. PHASCOLOSOMA FLAGRIFERUM Selenka. Station 2566, latitude of Cape Charles, Virginia, 37° 23’ N.; long. 68° 08’ W.; 2,620 fathoms; bottom temperature, 36.4°; gray ooze. Two specimens. Previous records: Selenka (1885), Challenger, station 44, lat. 37° 25’ N.; long. 71° 40’ W.; 1,700 fathoms; bottom temperature, 36.2°; blue mud; also from the Pacific Ocean, Challenger station 241, lat. 35° 41’ N.; long. 157° 42’ W.; 2,300 fathoms; bottom temperature, 35.1°; red clay. 392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, Sluiter (1900), station 757, off Cape Finisterre, Spain, lat. 44° 06’ N.; long. 12° 41’ W.; 4,900 meters; clay mud. Two specimens were taken by the Fisheries steamer Albatross in 1885 with a trawl in the same region at which the Challenger took a specimen in 1873—that is, east of Cape Charles, Virginia, and south- ward from Cape Cod. Another specimen was dredged by the Prince of Monaco off Cape Finisterre, Spain, and two specimens by the Challenger from the Pacific Ocean, east of Japan. It is found in the deep sea at a depth of 1,700 to 2,678 fathoms. The posterior end of the elongated trunk is prolonged into a slender flagellum. Flat, oval papillee projecting forward, a half millimeter long, are found near the posterior extremity of the trunk, which else- where appears smooth. Slender, finger-shaped papille are found upon the introvert. There are no hooks. The trunk of the specimen that is intact measures about 60 mm., the introvert about 40 mm. Selenka’s largest specimen was 130 mm. in total length; Sluiter’s, with largely retracted introvert, 120 mm. The color of the trunk is yellowish-brown, with pigment at the ante- rior extremity, which probably gives the bluish color in that region noted by Sluiter. The slender, thin-walled introvert is of a lighter color. The anus is prominent, and the openings of the nephridia are situated slightly in front of it, opposite each other. Selenka de- scribes a circlet of finger-shaped tentacles, which are heart-shaped in cross section. The coils of the intestine are numerous. It is free behind, but a spindle muscle holds it in front (Selenka). The nephridia are free. There is a simple contractile tube. PHASCOLOSOMA SABELLARIZ Théel. [=PHASCOLOSOMA (PETALOSTOMA) MINUTUM Keferstein?]. A large number of these minute, transparent sipunculids were taken by the Fisheries steamer Albatross in 1883 from station 2084, south of Georges Bank, lat. 40° 16’ 50’’ N.; long. 67° 05’ 15’” W., in 1,290 fathoms, where the bottom is of gray mud and sand and the tem- perature 40°F. Onespecimen was also taken from each of the following stations in the same general locality: Station 1095, lat. 39° 55’ 28’’ N.; long. 69° 47’ W.; 321 fathoms soft green mud; temperature at bot- tom, 40° F.; station 2571, lat 40° 09’ 30’’ N.; long. 67° 09’ W.; 1,356 fathoms, gray Globigerina ooze; temperature at bottom, 37.8° F; and two from off Chatham, Massachusetts, station 372, lat. 41° 40’ N.; long. 69° 283’ W., in 70 fathoms and from a sandy bottom. The largest specimens measure in contracted conditions about 8 mm. in total length, that of the trunk being 5-6 mm., and the introvert may be estimated as being nearly as long as the trunk. In 1 For figures see Selenka (1885), pl. 3, fig. 17, and Sluiter (1900), pl. 1, fig. 3. "a No. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF BASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 3938 Théel’s description the total length of the largest specimen (expanded) is 15 mm., proboscis more than one-third of the total length. The introvert is slender and cylindrical, and is marked off from the trunk in certain of the American specimens by a slight dorsal hump on which the anus is situated, or by an annular elevation about that region, though some specimens do not show these features. The skin is smooth, except that a few minute epidermal organs are found at the base of the introvert and at the posterior extremity of the trunk (fig. 3). The epidermal organs consist of a crater-like ring of four or five cells rising slightly above the surface, surrounding a minute, Fic. 3.—POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FIG. 4.—DISSECTION OF PHASCOLOSOMA SABELLARI®. X 13}. an, PHASCOLOSOMA SABELLARIZ ANUS; gO, REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN; nph, NEPHRIDIUM. SHOWING PAPILLA. slender, transparent cuticular elevation. The body wall is thin and transparent. Théel states that the tentacles are represented by irregular, rounded prominences of the oral disk, and that hooks are absent, though he found in rare cases (1 per cent) a few small ones. % The two ventral retractor muscles (fig. 4) are attached slightly behind the middle of the trunk, the pair of nephridia suspended nearly opposite the anus. They hang free, and are easily broken off in dissection. There are no eye spots. The nerve cord terminates slightly in front of the posterior end of the body, and a pair of nerves runs backward between the circular and longitudinal muscles. 394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44. The esophagus is long, the rectum rather short; the intestinal coil, which is free behind, consists of about 13 double turns (Théel, 1905), and extends backward to the posterior end of the celom. The esophagus is held to the retractors by a few muscle strands, but no supporting fibers were elsewhere observed. (Théel’s fig. 175 shows the supporting fiber of the esophagus attached to the body wall rather than to the retractor.) Théel states that the parts of the retractors that have united anteriorly are always longer than their remaining separate portions, and the same is apparently true of the American specimens, though Paul (1909) shows that in a specimen from the coast of Sweden, which he sectioned transversely, the fusion occurs through about the middle fifth only, the muscles of the anterior two-fifths being separate. The sexes in the specimens that I have examined from off the American coast appear to be separate, the males when full of sperm being whitish, and easily distinguished from the females. Some males contain immature sperm in oval or pear-shaped masses, which viewed with a hand lens might be mistaken for eggs. The body cavity of the female contains relatively few large, opaque eggs. In no case do I find any evidence of hermaphroditism. Théel found no males of this species, though he considered it pos- sible that the papillate Ph. improvisum Théel which was taken at the same locality might be the male. Paul (1909), comparing Ph. sabel- lariz with Phascolosoma (Petalostoma) minutum Keferstein from the coast of France, arrives at the conclusion that both are of the same species and both hermaphrodites. The evidence which he presents on both of these points, however, is not entirely satisfactory, and especially is this true of the supposed hermaphroditism of Ph. sabel- lariz. His figures of the reproductive organ of Ph. minutum in sec- tion (figs. 5 and 21) have the appearance of a typical ovary, though containing groups of cells supposed from their size and the density of their chromatic contents to be spermatocytes. In sections of the ovary of Ph. gouldii, I find clusters of small cells of a similar appear- ance beneath the peripheral oocytes, but, though I have examined the celomic fluid of hundreds of individuals of both sexes in this species, in no case have I ever found both ova and sperm in the same indi- vidual. Paul, in referring to the ovaries of Ph. sabellariz, makes this statement bearing on the question of sex (p. 30): ‘‘Doch finden sich auch die Zellengruppen wieder, die Ich bei Petalostoma minutum als vermuthlich mannliche bezeichnet habe. Die verschiedenen Entwick- lungsstadien von beiderlei Geschlechtszellen treiben genau so in der Leibeshéhle umher, wie bei Petalostoma minutum_ beschrieben wurde.” Professor Spengel, likewise, in whose Institut Paul’s work was done, writes me that Ph. sabellarie and Ph. improvisum are at least extraordinarily like Ph. minutum, and that he is quite certain of No. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 395 the hermaphroditism of minutum, in reference to which he says: ‘‘ Paul hat sicher neben den Eiern immer Spermien und ihre Bildungsstadien angetroffen, wie er es beschrieben hat, und das auch bei ein und demselben Individuum von Ph. sabellariz Théel.”’ In view of such trustworthy testimony I have made a renewed search for evidences of hermaphroditism in the specimens from station 2084, but the examination of three males full of sperm and of several females containing oocytes gives only negative results, though it does not of course exclude the possibility of hermaphroditism if we assume, as Paul does, that an individual may successively produce ova and thereafter sperm. If further investigation should show that these forms from European waters are identical and hermaphroditic, and that the one just de- scribed from the American coast is dicecious, it may be necessary to give the latter a new name; in which case I would suggest Phasco- losoma diaphanes, new species. In other respects the American form closely resembles the form described as Ph. sabellarix Théel, and varies only slightly (im the thinness of the body wall) from the earlier described Phascolosoma (Petalostoma) minutum Keferstein. PHASCOLOSOMA IMPROVISUM Théel. [=PHASCOLOSOMA (PETALOSTOMA) MINUTUM Keierstein?]. Under this name Théel (1905) described a form with distinct papille on the posterior end of the trunk and on the introvert, and a girdle of hooks behind the short, rounded tentacles. Otherwise this type appears to be identical with Ph. sabellarie Théel, and Paul (1909) regards both forms as identical with Petalostoma minutum Keferstein. However this may be, I shall tentatively apply the name to certain small sipunculids in the United States National Musuem from the following localities: Station 2234, lat. 39° 09’ N.; long. 72° 03’ 15’’ W. (east of New Jersey) in green mud, from 810 fathoms; temperature at bottom, 38.6° F. One specimen. Station 549, off Niantic Bay, Connecticut, from a sandy bottom, 5 fathoms. Twelve specimens. Thus it appears that this form lives in shallow water near the shore, as is the case in Sweden, but it also is found at a long distance from shore and at a depth of 810 fathoms. In these respects it resembles the closely allied or identical form Ph. sabellariz Théel in this country, which in Sweden has been found only near the shore with Ph. improvisum. The largest specimen was the one taken from the off-shore station, the trunk of which measures 10 mm. The largest specimen from Niantic Bay has a total length of 13 mm. (introvert 5 mm., trunk 8 mm.). Another has an introvert of 3 mm., a trunk of 4.5 mm. 896 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, The surface of the skin is smooth, with prominent papille at the posterior end of the trunk. Those elsewhere are exceedingly small, and on the anterior part of the trunk they are reduced in number and size almost to the vanishing point, though minute papille similar in size to those on the middle zone of the trunk are uniformly distributed over the introvert. In certain preserved specimens, like the one taken at station 2234, local contraction of the integument at the posterior and anterior ends of the trunk produces the erroneous im- pression of permanent shields, as in Aspidosiphon. The two retractor muscles (fig. 5) are attached to the body wall not far from the middle of the length of the trunk, but there appears to be a good deal of variation in this respect, as Théel has also found. They are joined together near their posterior attachments to formone. In one of the two specimens dissected, the posterior extremities of the two retractors were bound together by a transverse muscular cord. The long esophagus lies dorsal to the united retractor muscle, and passes into a many-coiled intestine which joims a short rectum. The short, cylindrical nephridia taper slightly, and are attached to the body Fig. 5.—DISSECTION OF PHASCOLOSOMA 4 A r : - IMPROVISUM FROM OFF NIANTIC Bay, immediately behind the zone in which CONNECTICUT, IN FIVE FATHOMS, the anus hes. STATION 549. INTESTINAL COIL NOT i SHOWN. X 13$. an, ANUS; m. tr, So far as I have examined these few RETRACTOR MUSCLE; eph, NEPHRI- gnecimens I have found none with eggs, DIUM; n. v, VENTRAL NERVE CORD; @&, f He : ESOPHAGUS. which was also the condition which Théel found in the Swedish specimens, and which led him to suppose that this might be the male of Ph. sabellariz. The American specimens of the male of the latter species, however, as I have already stated, are smooth, whitish individuals easily distinguishable from this papillate, shghtly more opaque form. PHASCOLOSOMA CINEREUM, new species. A specimen was taken from south of Key West (station 2317), Jat. 24° 25’ 45’’ N.; long. 81° 46’ 45’’ W., at a depth of:45 fathoms and from a bottom of coral sand and temperature of 75° F. The contracted trunk is 14 mm. long, 7 mm. thick. Introvert very short, 4 or 5 mm. in length. Type.—Cat. No. 4087, U.S.N.M. no. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 39% Color ashen gray; introvert of a lighter shade; trunk covered with minute brown papill, which at the posterior end of the body are long and finger-shaped, ovate with a slender stalk (fungiform) in the middle of the trunk, and bluntly conical at the anterior extremity. Those of the introvert are much finer and cylin- drical. A narrow zone of minute, dark-colored, irregularly placed hooks (fig. 6) lies immediately behind the tentacles. Body wall tough and opaque. The cuticula, which resembles that of Ph. procerum, is thrown up into sinuous longi- tudinal folds near the posterior end of the trunk. The inner surface of the body wall is smooth and lustrous, of a violet-brown color. A single pair of strong, completely separate ventral retractor muscles (fig. 7) are attached to about the middle of the trunk. The pair of nephridia hang free from the body wall opposite the anus. The contractile tube is without ceca. The a Ss, aa =e Fig. 6.—HOooks FROM IN- TROVERT OF PHASCO- LOSOMA CINEREUM. X 290. esophagus is held by fine muscle strands to the retractors. There are about 15 whorls in the intestinal coil, which is held by a muscle Fig. 7.— DISSECTION OF PHASCOLOSOMA CINEREUM. X 5}. an, ANUS; gO, REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS; m. Tlr, RETRACTOR; neph, NEPHRIDIUM; tb. Pol, POLIAN TUBULE. strand on each side of the first turn, but free behind. The rectum is short. There are no eye-spots. 398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. This species most nearly resembles Ph. coriaceum described by Kefer- stein (1865) as occurring also among the West Indies, at St. Thomas. Ph. cinereum is similar to Ph. coriaceum in the size and proportions of the trunk and introvert, in the retractor muscles, and in the general appearance of the papilla, but it differs from this species in several respects: The hooks of Ph. cinereum are slenderer, and are restricted to a narrow zone immediately behind the tentacles, not widely scattered over the anterior half of the introvert; the tentacles are probably less numerous and larger, though the single contracted specimen at hand does not permit an accurate comparison; the papille at the posterior extremity of the body are not fungiform, as represented in Ph. corvaceum by Selenka (1883, pl. 5, fig. 53), but long and finger-shaped; the color is gray, not yellowish-brown (Selenka, pl. 1, fig. 15); the contractile tube is simple, without ceca which give it a tufted appearance in Ph. coriaceum; the rectum of Ph. cine- reum is short, not longer than the intestinal coil as in Ph. coriaceum. PHASCOLOSOMA CINCTUM, new species. Station 994, lat. 39° 40’ N.: long. 71° 30’ W.; 368 fathoms, mud; temperature at bottom, 40.5° F. Type. Station 2084, lat. 40° 16’ 50’’ N.; long. 67° 05’ 15’’ W.; 1,290 fathoms, blue mud and sand; temperature at bottom, 40° F. Type.—Cat. No. 8328, U.S.N.M. Chief characteristics—Two weak retractor muscles. Introvert about one-half the length of the trunk, when both are expanded. Coarse, isolated, circular muscle fibers are prominent, especially in the introvert, which is marked off obliquely and sharply from the trunk. A zone of fine recurved hooks around the introvert, imme- diately behind the head. Prominent papille near the posterior end of the trunk. Inhabits empty tubes of Hyalinecia. The two specimens of this remarkable sipunculid (pl. 59, fig. 6) were taken off Marthas Vineyard at the above-mentioned stations. At the former Ph. procerum also occurs; at the latter a large number of specimens of Ph. sabellariz Théel were found. The larger of the two specimens is partially inclosed in a fragment of a Hyalinecia tube, which fits closely about the body. The total length of the specimen from station 994, which was evi- dently stretched out in its tube when it died, is 30.5 mm., of which the introvert is 6 mm. or about one-fifth the length of the trunk. The other specimen, the introvert of which is perhaps fully expanded, measures about 13 mm., of which the introvert is 6 mm., the trunk 7mm. It is probable that the trunk of the latter specimen is much contracted, as is the introvert of the former. The slender, cylindrical introvert is united to the thicker trunk by an oblique line of junction extending from the region of the anus No. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 899 ventrad and cephalad (pl. 59, fig. 6). About three rows of delicate, recurved hooks lie in the zone immediately behind the tentacles. The wall of the introvert is thinner and more translu- cent than that of the trunk. The circular muscle fibers in this region are coarse and so prominent as to cause in certain places slight circular elevations of the epidermis. They are separated from one another by rather wide inter- vals, whereas the underlying longitudinal muscle fibers, which are much finer than the circular fibers, form a con- tinuous layer. The action of the strong, isolated circu- lar muscle fibers is evident in the trunk by numerous constrictions that occur in the extended specimen and by the tendency of the body wall to become torn transversely. Parallel longi- tudinal ridges appear promi- nently in the epidermis of the contracted trunk. Conspicuous oval papille occur near the posterior ex- tremity. At the extreme tip of the body, however, the papille are exceedingly small, gradually but rapidly increasing to the maximum size from behind forward. Inconspicuous papille are scattered over the entire trunk and introvert. They are largest and most numer- ous immediately behind the base of the introvert, and Fig. 8.—DISSECTION OF PHASCOLOSOMA CINCTUM, STATION 2084. X 134. an, ANUS; m. col, COLLAR MUSCLE; m.r7tr, RETRACTOR MUSCLE; nph, NEPHRI- DIUM; 7. Vv, VENTRAL NERVE CORD; @, ESOPHAGUS. exceedingly small in the middle of the trunk and upon the introvert. The two specimens differ in color. That which occurs with Ph. procerum is, like that species, gray; the other is grayish-brown, but 400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44. the posterior extremity and papille of that region are yellowish brown. The longitudinal muscles of the body wall consist in the trunk, as in the introvert, of exceedingly fine fibers that form a continuous layer. The single pair of somewhat slender, dark brown retractors (fig. 8) are attached in the posterior half of the body, slightly behind the middle of the trunk and, in the specimen examined, approxi- mately three-fourths of the distance from the head to the posterior end of the body. In the trunk they are cylindrical and extremely slender, but are expanded into a flat fan shape at their posterior attachment. In the introvert they closely ensheathe the narrow esophagus. In the specimen dissected one was twisted sharply about the other in the region where the rectum joins the esophagus. At the base of the introvert a narrow slip of circular muscle fibers extends into the body cavity from the body wall ventral to the nerve cord, and encircles not only the nerve cord but also the esophagus and the retractor muscles. It serves as a muscular collar, holding in position the long retractor muscles, which are everywhere else free except at their terminal points of attachment. The nephridia (fig. 8) are short and slipper-shaped with a wide nephrostome, and are situated nearly opposite, but slightly behind, the anus. Only the right one was seen. The nerve cord is a flat band. The long esophagus joins an intestine of about 16 coils. Genus PHASCOLION Théel. This genus is composed of small sipunculids showing a marked asymmetry in the development of the nephridia and reproductive organs and often a spirally twisted body, adaptations to life in empty shells of gasteropods and scaphopods. They also live in the tubes of annelids or in those of their own construction. There is a single row of tentacles around the mouth, and numerous recurved hooks often occur in a zone behind the tentacles. In most species numer- ous attaching papille or holdfasts, each capped with a chitinous den- ticle projecting forward, occur in a broad band encircling the body near its posterior end. Only one nephridium is developed, and it lies posterior to the anus. The intestine is not thrown into spirals, but into loops extending forward and backward and held to the body wall by several strands of muscle fiber. One or two retractor mus- cles are found; in the latter case the dorsal in most species is larger than the ventral. . The Phascolions of our coast have the characteristic holdfasts upon the posterior half of the trunk, each capped with a sharp arrow- head-shaped or crescentic chitinous denticle. Oniy the right ne- phridium is developed, and the gonad is unsymmetrically situated, curving around the right side of the origin of the ventral retractor muscle, near the posterior end of the body. The ventrai retractor no. 1959. STPUNCULIDNS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 401 being attached to the body wall by two roots, the gonad crosses the right root. The intestine has six characteristic loops, the first, third, and fifth extending forward, the second, fourth, and sixth backward; the fifth hangs free, but the others are bound to the body wall by muscle strands. The opinion advanced by Selenka (1883) that the various species of Phascolion have arisen from Phascolosoma appears to be well founded. Such a change would have involved the almost complete fusion of the two dorsal and likewise of the two ventral retractor muscles to form in each case one. Selenka also expressed the belief that Phascolion has arisen by several distinct stems. However that may be, the individuals of the North American coast form a fairly homogeneous, though variable, group. With the possible exception of Phascolion alberti Sluiter, all of these eastern forms will be most satisfactorily considered as forming a single species, formerly known as Ph. cementarwum (Quatrefages) , but which is identical with the widespread Ph. strombi of Europe, as I have determined by comparing specimens from the west coast of Sweden with those from the eastern coast of North America. Ph. strombi in America, as elsewhere, shows a remarkable varia- bility in size, color, thickness of the body wall, size of the papille and holdfasts, and hence in the smoothness or roughness of the skin. The internal organization is more stable, though the eggs vary in shape, in the thickness of the yolk membrane and in the amount of yolk. In certain localities off Halifax the dorsal retractor shows a tendency to a division at the base into two roots, but this in no region is a con- stant character. The extraordinary plasticity of the external characteristics of Ph. strombi make it a favorable animal upon which to study experimen- tally the effect of the environment upon form. According to Théel (1875), moreover, it is remarkably tenacious of life, and is readily kept alive for more than a month in ordinary aquaria, so that it would no doubt live well under such modification of external conditions as such experiments would demand. A study of the very large number of specimens of this species in the U. S. National Museum has convinced me that the most striking variations in the external features are due in large measure to the environment. Thus the introvert is relatively short in individuals that have adapted themselves to the narrow tubes of Protula, Hyali- necia, or Pectinaria, in comparison with the trunk which is greatly elongated by compression within the slender tube. Such individuals also have a smooth and often lustrous skin, especially in the region of the holdfast near the posterior end of the body. Furthermore, they show no external signs of a spiral twist, whereas those which 69077°—Proc.N.M.vol.44—18——26 402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. inhabit the cast shells of gasteropods are twisted. The lat- ter have the posterior extremity of the body made smooth by the compression within the apical whorl of the shell, the holdfasts are small, the skin is thin and white. On the other hand, those which live in cement tubes constructed by chetopods or by themselves have prominent papillz at the posterior end, strong, sharp holdfasts, and a thick, colored skin. Many such comparisons readily occur to one who has examined a large number of specimens of the varieties presently to be described. Little is known of the development of Phascolion. It would be of much interest to learn whether the asymmetry of the adult is manifest in the youngest larve by the appearance of asingle nephridium, viz, the right, or whether the prinordium of the left nephridium appears and subsequently becomes atrophied.! Are theretractor muscles of thelarva paired or single? The answer to this question might perhaps furnish evidence in favor of the supposed origin of Phascolion from an ances- tral Phascolosoma with paired retractors. In the larva of Phascolo- soma these muscles are distinctly paired. 1 This question has been partially answered by L. A. Moltchanoff, 1909, in Bull. Acad. Sci., St. Peters- bourg, ser. 6, vol. 3, pp. 6974, 5 figs., who shows that in Ph. spitzbergense Théel, which Théel later identified as a form of Phascolion strombi (Montagu), the left nephridium is represented in the adult bya vestigial canal passing through the wallof the body. Moltchanoff’s statement translated into English is as follows: ‘‘The left nephridium is not completely absent. Sections show clearly that there exists on the left, symmetrically with the well-developed nephridium, a small eanal, which connects the ccelom with the surrounding medium. (Fig. 1.) The structure of its walls resembles that of the corresponding portion of the well-developed right nephridium. Its internal orifice is situated upona small elevation; it is clearly visible in examining with a hand lens the corresponding part of the dermo-muscular sac. As faras I have been able to see, it is almost com- pletely closed by the peritoneum, but nevertheless the pas- Fic. 1.—AFTER MOLTCHANOFF. TRANS- sage seems to exist. The function of the nephridium in VERSE SECTION OF THE ATROPHIED LEFT question is entirely obscure, because it appears that the NEPHRIDIUM OF PHASCOLION. c, BODY CAV- expulsion of the genital products takes place exclusively ITY, CU, CUTICULA,; €p, EPIDERMIS, ™, MUS- through the right nephridium; as for the excretory function CULAR LAYER; p, PERITONEUM. (Oc. 1, of this canal, its rdle can not be considered as of much im- Syst. 6, Leitz.) portance.” Moltchanoff adds that ‘‘Neither Brumpt nor Théel mentions atrophied nephridia in Phascolion strombi (Montagu). It would be very interesting to study sections of the corresponding region in Phas- colion strombi to ascertain whether the canal of the atrophied nephridium shows the peculiarity of the eastern Phascolion, from Mourman, or, which is most probable, whether it does not exist in Phascolion from the west, though undescribed because it has never been seen.” I regret that this matter came to my attention too late for further investigation. It is indeed prob- able that this vestige of the left nephridium occurs in Phascolion strombi of the American coast, though T have never observed it in dissections nor examined sections through that part of the body wall where it is likely to be found. no. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 408 SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF PHASCOLION. (a) Common form, orange- brown or yellowish- brown. Range from Labrador southward to 40° N. lat..-.var. fusca. (6) Dark-colored, with Introvertlonger thick skin, sharp hold- Pia the.) Ces seer var. tubicola. (c) Small, white form in gasteropod shells, com- mon in region of Woods Hole, Mass..-.var. alba. (d) Deep-sea form with short, thin-walled trunk, large opaque, ovoid eggs ae ...var. hyalina. Introvert of about the same length as trunk, trunk. Phascolion strombi (Montagu), 16-26 tentacles. : ‘ . in shells of Protula and Dentalium. Off Posterior attachment Cape Cod, and near the 40th parallel. of dorsal retractor Elongated, smooth; 16 tentacles. Eggs usually undivided, OMGMA Sa ase gee (e) var. gracilis. that of ventral : Introvert shorter than the trunk; dorsal with two roots. retractor In some individuals is divided at the base. Blends, and probably freely interbreeds with var. fusca’ Sento Serie fae (f) var. canadensis. Introvert two-thirds the length of the trunk; papille of anterior and middle part of the trunk provided with chitinous Phascolion alberti| denticles, pointing forward. Chitinous Sluiter. cap of papille at posterior end of trunk oval. Off Newfoundland (Prince of Monaco, 1887), 1,267 meters. Off Cape Finisterre, 1,674 meters. Dorsal retractors, as well as ventral, probably with two roots, introvert longer than'the trank |p, scolion strombi var. levis. Off and, like the posterior end of the trunk, smooth. Constructs a tube with an additional slender sheath for the introvert. coast of Massachusetts, 54 fathoms. PHASCOLION STROMBI (Montagu). Sipunculus strombus G. Montacu, Trans. Linnean Soc. London, vol. 7, 1804, pp. 74-76. Siphunculus dentalii Gray, Spicilegia Zoologica, London, 1828, p. 8. Sipunculus bernhardus Forses, A History of British Starfishes, London, 1841, pp. 251-253. Sipunculus (Phascolosoma) concharum Orstep, De regionibus marinis, Diss. phil. Haun., Hauniz, 1844, p. 80, and Krgyer’s naturh. Tidskrift, p. 419. Phascolosoma strombi Diestne, Systema Helminthum. Vindob., vol. 2, 1851, p. 65. Phascolosomum dentalii Dizsinc, Systema Helminthum. Vindob., vol. 2, 1851, pp. 64-65. 404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. Phascolosoma bernhardus PourTaués, Proc. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci., Meeting of 1851, p. 41, Washington, 1851. Sipunculus (Cryptosomum) cementarium QUATREFAGES, Histoire Nat. des Annélés marins et de l’eau douce, vol. 2, Paris, 1865, p. 628. Phascolosoma hamulatum Packarp, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, 1867, p. 290. Phascolosoma cementarium VERRILL, Report Invert. Animals Vineyard Sound, in First Report of the U. S. Comm. of Fish and Fisheries, Washington, 1873, p. 627, pl. 18, fig. 92; also same in separate reprint, Washington, 1874. Phascolosoma tubicola VerriLL, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, ser. 3, vol. 5, 1873, p. 99; also Proc. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci., Meeting of 1873, pp. 388, 389, 1874. Phascolion strombi Taée., Bihang till k. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 3, No. 3; also No. 6, pp. 13, 14, Stockholm, 1875. Phascolion spitzbergense THEEL, Bihang till k. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 3, 1875, p. 16, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3. Sipunculus capitatus H. RatHKe, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Car., vol. 20, 1843, pp. 143-147, pl. 6, figs. 20-23. This abundant and widespread species is found in America from Labrador southward to the West Indies. It occurs in shallow waters of about 5 fathoms off the Elizabeth Islands, is abundant everywhere along the coast at depths varying from 20 to 150 fathoms, which naturally have been more thoroughly explored than the deeper waters, and appears to be by no means uncommon along the edge of the continental shelf in from 150 to 1,000 fathoms. The greatest depth of which I have a record is 1,061 fathoms at station 2207, just south of the fortieth parallel. I have seen no specimens from farther south than station 2728, in 859 fathoms, north of Cape Hatteras but slightly south of the latitude of Norfolk, Virginia. Selenka (1883), however, mentions the occur- rence in the West Indies of Ph. tubicola (Verrill), which I have ascer- tained to be a local variety of this species. The specimens which Selenka examined differ from the typical form in that the ventral retractor has only a single root. I have observed this same charac- teristic in.some of the specimens from off the southern coast of the United States, though it is not by any means a constant characteristic of specimens from that region. (See ‘‘Modifications in the South,” p. 415.) The ventral retractor in Ph. strombi in general, however, with a uniformity that is remarkable for this variable species, has two distinct roots, and the same is true of the local variety from off the New England coast which Verrill originally described as Phascolosoma tubicola. But the subtropical form is evidently so nearly like its more northern relatives that to exclude it from the same widespread and variable species on this ground alone would be to lay undue stress, on a single characteristic of minor importance. Phascolion strombi is common in the Arctic Ocean, occurring in abundance off the northern coast of Asia, the northern coast of Europe, Spitzbergen, Iceland, and both the eastern ‘and western coasts of Greenland (Théel). It extends southward in Europe along no. 1959. STPUNCULIDS OF BASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 405 the coasts of the British Isles, France, and in the Mediterranean. It is probably the most common sipunculid throughout at least the northern part of its range, which comprises the whole of the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. The size of Ph. strombi varies greatly in different localities. The largest specimens that I have examined are from off Portsmouth, New Hampshire (station 76B, 51 fathoms), the contracted trunk of which measures 20 mm. long, 7 mm. thick, but the largest specimens from most localities have a trunk of about 15 mm.—17 mm. in length and 4 mm.—5 mm. in thickness. The slender, cylindrical introvert is longer than the trunk (fig.9). Itis impossible to determine the exact dimensions of either introvert or trunk from preserved specimens that have died in various states of contraction, and I have not had the opportunity to examine the live animals, but, judging from the numerous preserved specimens, it appears that the length of the introvert varies from a di- mension only slightly greater than that of the trunk to about twice the length of the latter. The white variety from the shallow waters about Woods Hole and off Block Island is much smaller. The shape of the body depends upon that of the tubes or shells which the animals inhabit. Those which live in gasteropod shells acquire a spiral twist. On the other hand, in most localities they live in tubes of their own construction (pl. 60, fig. 10) or in deserted tubes of Pectinaria, Protula, Hya- linecia, or Dentalium, and accordingly show only a slight tendency toward aspiral twist, F16. 9. -PHAScoLIoN stromal. visible merely in the retracted introvert. a The mouth of the cast shell or the tube inhabited by individuals of this species from off the American coast is partially closed with a hollow cone composed of a cement made of mud or fine sand, often inclosing minute pebbles, and held together by a secretion. These cones sometimes rise as much as 5 mm. above the mouth of the shell in the form of a funnel. I have found a small amount of cemented muddy sand in shells of Dentalium occupied by Ph. strombi from the west coast of Sweden, sent me through the kindness of Prof. Hj. Théel, though I judge from the fact that no mention has been made by European observers of cement formation in this species that it never is a conspicuous phenomenon in shells occupied by Ph. strombi in Europe, these shells being lined with loose mud or sand. It was 406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44. chiefly on the basis of this habit of cementing together the muddy sand that Quatrefages (1865) observed in specimens from North America that he gave the name Sipunculus cementarius to these specimens. The tubes of cement are usually slightly curved, and are marked on the exterior at regular intervals by annular furrows. (Pl. 60, fig. 10.) The color of the animal varies from a very dark brown or a grayish- brown (variety twbicola), orange-brown or yellowish-brown (variety fusca) to white (variety alba). The dark brown specimens from cer- tain regions have a decidedly purple hue, which is especially common in the grayish-brown individuals that live in Pectinaria tubes. Light yellowish-brown or orange-brown is the color of the widely distributed typical form, as seen in specimens from Labrador, the coast of Nova Scotia, from off Eastport, off Point Judith, and farther south. The color of the local varieties will be mentioned in the descriptions that are to follow. There are 16 tentacles (pl. 60, fig. 12) in the specimens from com- paratively shallow waters off the coast of Maine and Massachusetts, but the number in other localities is 20, 24, or 26; 20 occur in speci- mens from off Nova Scotia (stations 44-46); 24 in individuals from 300 fathoms off Norfolk, Virginia (station 898); 26 in specimens from south of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (station 2437). The number in two specimens figured by Théel (1904) is respectively 16 and 26, and I find 26 in a specimen from the east coast of Sweden sent to me by Professor Théel. A zone of recurved hooks, disposed irregularly, occurs a short distance behind the tentacles (fig. 9). Prominent papille cover the anterior part of the trunk and the proximal part of the introvert (pl. 60, fig. 11); elsewhere the body is provided with minute papille which are variable in size, abundance, and distribution in the different varieties. The characteristic holdfasts (Haftpapillen), or papille crowned with triangular, arrow-shaped, chitinous hooks pointing forward, occur in a wide band (fig. 9) which extends from a little behind the middle of the trunk backward nearly to the posterior end, which in individuals that live in shells or tubes with smooth walls is smooth, or covered with minute papille, although specimens from tubes of cement usually have rather prominent papille upon the posterior extremity of the body. The holdfasts are variable in size, shape, and color; especially is this true of the varieties gracilis and canadensis. The shape of the chitinous cap is typically like an inverted U or V. The variety alba, which is found in gasteropod shells has U-shaped holdfasts; those of the thick-skinned variety tubicola, inhabitants of tubes of cement, are in general more pointed. xo. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 407 Internal structure.—The longitudinal muscles of the body wall form a continuous layer with a smooth, shining ccelomic surface. The dorsal retractor (fig. 10) is large, and has its origin immediately behind that of the two roots of the ventral retractor at the posterior extremity of the body, in a single wide, flat sheet which is unsym- metrically attached to the left and dorsal sides of the body. The attachment of the left border of the muscle is close behind that of the ventral re- tractor, in the median plane of the body, whence the line of at- tachment runs dorsad across the left and dorsal sides of the body wall for a dis- tance of slightly more than 180° of are. The ventral retractor is attached to the body wall typically by two short roots between the posterior end of the nerve cord and the origin of the dor- sal retractor. The ventral retractor is very slender, as com- pared with the large, thick, dorsal retractor. The alimentary tube (fig. 10) consists of (1) aslender anterior divi- sion held to the ven- — fia. 10.—Dissecrion oF PHASCOLION STROMBI. X 63. an, ANUS; tral side of the body dvt, DIVERTICULUM; g0, REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN; 7. rtr.d, DORSAL RETRACTOR MUSCLE; neph’st, NEPHROSTOME; 7. ¥, VENTRAL by several muscle NERVE CORD; tb. Pol, POLIAN TUBULE. fibers and terminating in a loop attached by a strong strand of muscle fiber to the left of the nerve cord a short distance in front of its posterior end, and (2) a second division, made of one chief loop attached on the right side of the posterior end of the body immediately behind the right edge of the dorsal retractor. This second loop consists of a 408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44. wide, thin-walled portion, a twisted part showing a tendency to form a cou, and a straight rectum, on which a small diverticulum is found. The anus lies at a considerable distance (2 or 3 mm.) in front of the nephrostome. A simple Polian tube of wide caliber extends along the dorsal side of the esophagus to a point considerably beyond that at which the alimentary tube leaves the ventral retractor. The single (right) nephridium is large, and extends in specimens of the common variety about half the distance between the nephrostome and the posterior extremity of the body. It is closely attached along its ventral line to the wall of the body by several strands.. The reproductive organ is situated on the right side of the post- erior end of the body cavity, a convoluted ridge, beginning close to the posterior end of the ventral nerve cord and extending obliquely over the base of the right root of the ventral retractor, on a line continuous with that of the attachment of the dorsal retractor. VARIETIES. The most interesting fact in regard to this species is its extraor- dinary plasticity, its tendency to form modifications and probably germinal variations. How far this diversity in external features is due to the direct action of the environment, as, for instance, the kinds of empty shells or tubes which the worms inhabit, their food supply, temperature of the water, etc., and how far it may be determined by heredity are questions which can be answered fully, of course, only by breeding and rearing the animals. PHASCOLION STROMBI var. TUBICOLA (Verrill). This variety is identical with Phascolosoma tubicola described by Verrill (1873) as a new species based on certain superficial features which were believed to distinguish it from the earlier described Ph. cementarium (Quatrefages). I have dissected a sufficient number of specimens in the National Museum named by Verrill “‘tubicola”’ to determine from a study of their internal as well as external structure that this form is identical with Ph. strombi, of which it is a local variety extending from Casco Bay to the waters about Cape Ann. I have retained Verrill’s term tubicola as a varietal name out of respect for the rule of priority in nomenclature, though it is not a distinctive descriptive expression. The variety that I have called “fusca,” for example, is a tubicolous form the range of which over- laps that of tubicola. A better descriptive term for this variety would be pullacea. Verrill describes it as having the posterior end of the body “‘trans- versely wrinkled and rough, and covered with small round, somewhat raised verruce or suckers.’’ The holdfasts, or triangular chitinous hooks, are said to be more numerous, sharper, and darker-colored no. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 409 than in the typical Ph. cementarium (=strombi). The papille of the anterior part of the body are more prominent, the skin is darker, thicker, and more opaque, and Verrill found no hooks upon the intro- vert. ‘The habitat of the form is “Off Casco Bay, 60 to 94 fathoms; near St. George’s Bank, 85 to 150 fathoms.” A part of the specimens that I have examined from Casco Bay and the most of those from around Cape Ann correspond to Verrill’s description, except that, like other varieties of Ph. strombi, they have a zone of hooks upon the introvert. The well-known fact that the hooks of the introvert are deciduous in some sipunculids makes the presence or absence of hooks, however, of little moment. PHASCOLION STROMBI var. FUSCA, new variety. The dark-colored, markedly papillate variety just described is by no means sharply differentiated from the common widely spread form with smoother skin (particularly at the posterior end of the body) and usually of a light yellowish-brown or orange color. This com- mon form is found from Labrador southward at least as far as Point Judith and the deeper water along the edge of the continental shelf near the fortieth parallel (stations 793, 871, 895, 1093). It is found at intervals between these extreme localities and even in the same general region where the swarthy variety, tubicola, occurs. Thus specimens from near the Isles of Shoals (stations 44B and 76B) and off Nahant (station 30) have the color and other features of the typical form, except that the papille at the posterior end of the trunk and elsewhere are prominent, just as in individuals of the variety tubicola from the neighboring Cape Ann region. Type.—Cat. No. 8373, U.S.N.M. From Gulf of Maine, str. Bache, 1873. PHASCOLION STROMEI var. ALBA, new variety. It is obvious that the kind of shell or tube in which individuals of this species live has much to do in determining their extraordinarily variable appearance. Thus a well-marked form which may be described as variety alba is found in small gasteropod shells in the shallow waters about Woods Hole, the Elizabeth Islands, Point Judith (station 799, 13 fathoms), and off Block Island (station 815, 15 fathoms). Specimens of this variety are about two-thirds the size of the typical form, with a trunk 10 mm. in length and introvert 15-20 mm., for example. The color is white or gray. The surface of the body is remarkably smooth, especially at the posterior end, where the minute, slender, conical papille are hardly visible with a hand lens magnifying 10 diameters. The nipple-shaped papille upon the base of the introvert and the adjacent part of the trunk are visible with a lens, but the conical papille upon the introvert are exceedingly minute. A broad zone immediately behind the tentacles is studded 410 PROCREDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. irregularly with numerous slender, sharp, recurved hooks, dark brown at the tip. The chitinous holdfasts near the posterior end of the trunk are blunt, U-shaped, and of a light yellowish-brown color. Type.—Cat. No. 16323, U.S.N.M. From Station No. 79, north of Nashawena. PHASCOLION STROMBI var. HYALINA, new variety. Two specimens of this remarkable form, which should possibly rank as a distinct species, were dredged from 238 fathoms at station 895, near the fortieth parallel, south of Marthas Vineyard, (type locality). Another small female came from 365 fathoms in the same region (sta- tion894). All were inhabitants of the tubes of the annelid, Hyalinecia. The body of a contracted specimen is nearly cylindrical, with some- what truncated extremities. The larger specimens, with the intro- vert completely retracted, are 22-25 mm. in length and 4—5 mm. in diameter; the smallest, a sexually mature female, is 10 mm. long, 2 mm. in diameter. The introvert in the contracted specimens is about two-thirds the length of the trunk, and the conclusion may be safely drawn that its length in the living animal does not exceed that of the trunk. The body wall is thin, translucent, of brownish-gray color with a pearly luster. The skin is smooth, the papille at the posterior extremity of the trunk being minute and those at the anterior extremity not conspicuous. No papille are found in the region of the holdfasts or in the adjacent middle third of the trunk. The holdfasts are light brown, capped with a sharp point extending forward. The retractor muscles resemble those of other varieties in that the attachment of the dorsal muscle is single, whereas that of the ventral has two roots, but the attachment of the latter is at the extreme posterior end of the body opposite that of the former, and not slightly in front of it as in other varieties. The single (right) nephridium is remarkably short. The eggs are large, oval, and opaque, 150% by 170u, or 150” by 160” in diameter (in alcohol). The above measurements were taken from eggs from the celom of the small female, the trunk of which was only 10 mm. long, and hence it is evident they are large as compared with the size of the body. Eggs of the common variety, fusca, from Boon Island, for example, are only 106y in diameter, though eggs throughout the species vary much in size and in translucency. Type.—Cat. No. 15119, U.S.N.M. PHASCOLION STROMBI var. GRACILIS, new variety. Station 921, lat. 40° 07’ 48’’ N.; long. 70° 43’ 54’’ W.; 67 fathoms, green mud, Station 922, lat. 40° 03’ 48’’ N.; long. 70° 45’ 54’’ W.; 71 fathoms, green mud and sand. Station 949, lat. 40° 03’ N.; long. 70° 31’ W.; 100 fathoms, yellow mud. No. 1959. STPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 411 Station 998, lat. 39° 43’ N.; long. 71° 32’ W.; 302 fathoms, green mud. Station 1025, lat. 39° 49’ N.; long. 71° 25’ W.; 216 fathoms, green mud. Station 1038, lat. 39° 58’ N.; long. 70° 06’ W.; 146 fathoms, sand and shells. Station 2177, lat. 39° 33’ 40’’ N.; long. 72° 08’ 45’’ W.; 87 fathoms, green mud and sand. Stations 89-91B, lat. 42° 05’ N.; long. 67° 49’ W.; 110 fathoms, soft mud and sand. This variety was found on both sides of the 100-fathom line south of Marthas Vineyard near the fortieth parallel, and at a similar depth off the northwest border of St. Georges Bank east of Cape Cod (stations 89-91B). Specimens from station 921 are incased in cast shells of Protula; that from 2177 is accompanied by a tube probably of a sabellid (elastic membrane covered with grains of sand); those from 89-91B are in Dentalium shells and one individual in the shell of a small gasteropod. Two small specimens of the typical form were taken at the last-mentioned station. Without doubt the external peculiarities of this variety are pro- duced by the character of the tubes in which the individuals live; the smooth, elongated body, the shapes of the holdfasts, the length of the introvert, and even the form of the nephridium are clearly adaptations to the life within the slender, smooth-walled tube of Protula or shell of Dentaltwm. Moreover, it seems probable that these characteristics are determined anew during the lifetime of each individual by the direct action of the tube or shell upon its occupant. Charactertstics.—The body and introvert are long and slender, the introvert of about the same length as the trunk. The trunk is nearly smooth, except near the anterior extremity. Holdfasts lie in a broad zone, which in front extends to the middle of the trunk. It inhabits straight tubes or shells. The ventral muscles when expanded show two long, slender roots. The attachment of the dorsal muscle posteriorly is thicker laterally than in the middle, where it shows a tendency to break apart into several distinct strands. The nephro- stome is crescentic with a slender neck. The introvert, judging from the examination of a few specimens which are mostly somewhat contracted, is of about the same length as the trunk, slender and smooth, except at the base where it is covered with small papille. The trunk at its junction with the introvert is covered with very prominent papille, in a narrow zone behind which the papille decrease rapidly in size. The posterior half of the trunk is smooth, the papillze being very minute. The holdfasts extend forward to about the middle of the trunk and in some individuals are 412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, extraordinarily variable in shape; the chitinous part of the papilla is usually crescentic and provided with a point projecting forward, but in some individuals the convexity of the crescent extends laterally, or even backward. Double crescents and rings of chitinous material are sometimes found upon the attaching papille. These holdfasts therefore appear to be more variable than in other varieties of the species. There are 16 tentacles. Dark-colored, recurved hooks are scat- tered over a broad zone séparated from the tentacles by a distance about equal to its width. These hooks, though not regularly dis- tributed, may be considered as forming eight or nine irregular rows. This variety differs internally from others in two or three notice- able respects. The posterior attachment of the dorsal retractor muscle shows a tendency to break into several distinct strands, a fact which is due to the shape of the body wall at the point where attachment is made. The second peculiarity is the shape of the eggs, which are ovoid, translucent, and about 103 by 124 in diam- eter. The yolk membrane, or zona radiata, is of medium thickness (3.8 or 4) and has distinct pore canals. Finally the crescentic nephrostome joins the nephridium by a somewhat slender neck. PHASCOLION STROMBI var. CANADENSIS, new variety. Bay of Fundy. In shells of Dentalium and of gasteropods. Stations 43-46, lat. 43° 06’ N.; long. 65° 06’ W.; 90 fathoms, fine sandy mud. Station 47, lat. 43° 10’ N.; long. 65° 123’ W.; SE. 4S. from Cape Sable about 22 miles, 59 fathoms, pebbles and sand. In tubes of Pectinaria, tubes of cement, gasteropod shells. Station 55, mouth,of Bedford Basin, 33 fathoms, mud; in Pec- tinaria tubes. Type.—Cat. No. 8582, U.S.N.M. Stations 82-83, lat. 44° 22’ N.; long. 65° 28’ W.; Chebucto Light, N. 4 E. 9 miles, 57 fathoms, mud and sand. Station 103, lat. 44° 02’ N.; long. 63° 20’ W.; 293 miles south of Chebucto Head, 110 fathoms, fine sand and mud. Stations 106-108, near last. In Hyalinecia tubes. Station 2506, lat. 44° 26’ 00’’ N.; long. 62° 10’ 00’ W.; 127 fathoms, dark-brown mud. Station 2697, lat. 47° 40’ 00’ N.; long. 47° 35’ 30’ W.; 206 fathoms, green mud, black specks. In certain localities off the coast of Nova Scotia a form of Ph. strombi is found with a remarkably short introvert, with a smooth, lustrous skin in the region of the holdfasts, and a tendency of the dorsal retractor to be divided at the posterior attachment into two roots. ‘These characters during the earlier part of my study appeared to be of specific importance, but the examination of many speci- \ No. 1959. SI[PUNOULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 413 mens of this form has convinced me that it is to be regarded as merely an unstable variety of a very plastic species. Although it is exceedingly difficult to estimate accurately the length of the introvert in specimens preserved in all states of con- traction, there seems to be no room for doubt that even in the same region off Nova Scotia a form with an introvert shorter than the trunk is found along with the common type. This may be due in part to the fact that these individuals inhabit tubes of Pectinaria or of Hyalinecia or the shells of Dentaliwm, which elongates the trunk by compression, and moreover makes the skin in the region of the holdfasts lustrous. Another peculiarity to which I was at first inclined to attach much importance is the fact that the specimens from certain locali- ties near Halifax either have the dorsal retractor muscle slightly divided at the base, or else it readily separates into two parts in making a dissection. This, however, is not a constant character. Specimens from the same region in most cases have an undivided dorsal retractor. These peculiarities, although not of sufficient importance to establish a distinct species, do mark the presence of a tendency which may be expressed as a variety or strain, which may be called canadensis, the characteristics of which may be briefly summarized as follows, though it should be noted that there is such a mixture constantly occurring between this and the typical variety, fusca, as to make it impos- sible in some instances to make these distinctions: Introvert from one-third to one-half the length of the trunk in extreme cases, but in other individuals equal in length to the trunk. The skin issmooth, except for prominent papille near the base of the introvert which are oval, with a small, nipple-shaped tip, or cylindrical. Minute, slender, conical papille are found at the posterior end of the body. The region covered with holdfasts is smooth, lustrous, and often iridescent; this region extends forward as far as the middle third of the trunk, which is covered with very minute papillae but other- wise smooth. The dorsal retractor is distinctly divided at its attach- ment to the body wall at the posterior end of the trunk. There is less difference in size between the dorsal and ventral retractors than in the typical variety. The nephridium in this form is relatively short, and the nephrostome, as in the variety gracilis, has a slender neck. PHASCOLION STROMBI var. LEVIS, new variety. Station 160, 5 miles off Thatchers Island, in 54 fathoms. Type.—Cat. No. 15109, U.S.N.M. This variety, which I was at first inclined to regard as a distinct species, lives in tubes constructed of fine pebbles of different sizes firmly cemented together and consisting of two parts, namely, that 414 PROCEHDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44. covering the trunk, similar to the tube of the variety tubicola, and a slenderer, extremely long, tapering portion that covers the introvert. The latter part of the tube, like the former, contains minute pebbles and particles of mud that are graduated in size, becoming finer toward the distal end and embedded in a parchment-like material, which alone forms the small anterior extremity of the tube. This variety, of which I have examined only one complete speci- men, is characterized externally by having an unusually long, slender, smooth, and light-colored introvert (pl. 60, fig. 13) that is somewhat sharply marked off from the thicker, darker-colored trunk, which at the posterior end is sharply truncated and of a light brown color. The length of the trunk of the single entire specimen is about 64 mm.; the introvert is about twice as long; the greatest diameter of the trunk is about 2mm., of the introvert about seven-eighths mm. The pa- pille of the anterior part of the trunk are small, inconspicuous, oval eleva- tions; and the rest of the trunk is almost smooth, except that minute epidermal organs are scattered over the region immediately in front of the extremely small, crescentic holdfasts which occupy a zone very near the posterior end of the body. The introvert is smooth, except that minute papille are scattered Fic. 11.—DIssEcTION OF PHASCOLION over its posterior third. STROMBI VAR. LEVIS. X 6. an, ANUS; The longitudinal muscle layer is Mm, SUSPENSORY MUSCLE OF INTESTINE; 4 m. rtr.d, DORSAL RETRACTOR Muscte; 4 Continuous and lustrous. The dorsal m. rir. v, VENTRAL RETRACTOR MUSCLE; retractor muscle (fig. 11) is much neph, NEPHRIDIUM; 7.7, VENTRAL z ER eC. larger than the ventral, and is at- tached at the posterior end of the celom by two widely separate roots,’ each with a broad attachment. The two roots of the dorsal muscle unite at a distance from the 1 Since making the dissection on which this description was based, I have frequently found that in cer- tain individuals of Ph.strombi there is a marked tendency for a really undivided dorsal retractor to split in two at the base under the slightest stress, so that in dissection it is difficult to ascertain whether the dorsal retractor is actually divided or single. Hence too much taxonomic weight must not be placed upon this anatomical difference. Accordingly, with the small amount of material at hand, I am inclined, finally, to describe this form as a variety of Ph. strombi, though the tube which it constructs and its long, smooth introvert, not to mention the dorsal retractor muscles, are distinctly peculiar; for Ph. strombi, particu- larly of the tube-making variety, is very common in the region where this specimen was found, and it would be expected that aberrations or mutations would occur, and it is such that I believe Ph. strombi var. levis to be. No. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 415 posterior end of the body equal to about one-fourth the length of the trunk. The ventral muscle is slender and inconspicuous. It is attached by two cylindrical roots, one on each side of the posterior end of the nerve cord. The long, slender esophagus joins a wide intestine of about six loops extending backward and forward. A prominent strand of muscle fibers extends from the anterior intestinal loops into the region of the introvert, and less conspicuous strands elsewhere hold the intestine to the body wall. The single (right) nephridium is large, and has a prominent nephrostome. The nerve cord is a rela- tively wide band. MODIFICATIONS IN THE SOUTH. The number of local varieties of this species probably will be found to be even greater when the southern part of its range is more thoroughly explored. A specimen from off Cape Charles, Virginia (station 2003, 641 fathoms), is typical in internal features in all respects, but externally it is remarkable for its peculiar dark greenish- gray color. It has a thick integument covered with prominent papille, and an unusually distinctly marked anus. Except for the peculiar greenish-gray hue it resembles the variety tubicola from the region of Cape Ann. Its shape indicates that it lived in a tube of cement. Other specimens from the same southern region, that is, from the fortieth parallel southward to Cape Hatteras, have a noteworthy internal peculiarity, namely, the posterior attachment of the ventral retractor does not lie behind the posterior end of the nerve cord, as in other varieties of this species, but beside it to the left, thus show- ing a more prominent asymmetry in the internal organization than in any other variety of the species. Externally these specimens from different southern locatities differ much. Those from the shells of Dentaliwm solidum (station 2733, 944 fathoms, off Cape Charles; station 2207, 1,071 fathoms, just south of the fortieth parallel) have a thin, smooth skin of orange brown color. Those from the gasteropod Sipho pygmeus (station 898, 300 fathoms, off Norfolk, Virginia) have a smooth, whitish skin and an external appearance like those described as the variety alba. : The crowding aside of the extremity of the retractor in reference to that of the nerve cord has made a still further modification in certain individuals inhabiting the shells of Dentalium solidum, in that the attachment of the ventral retractor is undivided; this, however, is not true of the specimens from the shells of Sipho pygmexus. Selenka (1883) likewise found in a specimen from the West Indies, which he 416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 44, describes as Ph. tubicola (Verrill) (=Ph. strombi), that the ventral retractor has a single root attached at the left of the posterior end of the nerve cord, as isshown by his figure 82. The three individuals from the West Indies which he examined, moreover, lived in tubes of cemented mud and sand. As stated above, I have found this peculiarity in specimens from the shells of Dentaliwm solidum, so that it would appear to be a southern characteristic or tendency not determined by the nature of the shell or tube which the worm inhabits, but hereditary. PHASCOLION ALBERTI Sluiter. This form, which Sluiter (1900) describes, apparently differs only in external features from Ph. strombi, which it is like in habits and in the arrangement of its retractor muscles. The length of the introvert is described as two-thirds that of the trunk, in which respect it resem- bles many of the specimens of Ph. strombi from the same general region (vicinity of Nova Scotia), which show a tendency to have a shorter introvert than elsewhere. The papille of the anterior and middle parts of the trunk, however, rather than of the posterior end, bear chitinous denticles pointing forward, whereas those near the posterior extremity are capped with a perforated, oval crown of chitinous material. The ventral nerve cord is prolonged beyond the attachment of the ventral retractors, passing between the two roots. This form was taken in considerable abundance by the Prince of Monaco at his station 161, off Newfoundland, lat. 46° 04’ 40’ N.; long. 49° 02’ 30’ W., in 1,267 meters, and off Cape Finisterre in 1,674 meters. It has not been found, to my knowledge, by any expedition from the United States that has explored the same general region. Genus DENDROSTOMA Grube. This genus includes a few species which are distinguished from their natural allies of the genus Phascolosoma by the tree-like branching of their tentacles, which are ramifications of from four to eight main trunks. The longitudinal muscle layer is continuous, the nephridia free, and the intestinal coil unattached behind. The trunk in most species is short and thick. The short introvert is provided with hooks or spines, except in D. peruvianum Collin. The Polian vessel (con- tractile tube) is provided in most cases, though not in D. blandum Selenka and De Man, with numerous caeca. These species inhabit tropical seas. Of the six recorded species D. pinnifolium Keferstein has four retractor muscles, the others have two. D. pinnifolium Keferstein, as well as D. alutaceum Grube, is found in the West Indies (St. Thomas, Selenka); D. peruvianum Collin off the Peruvian coast; D. blandum Selenka and De Man, D. signifer Selenka and De Man, and D.spinifer Sluiter in the western part of the Pacific Ocean. No. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 417 Selenka (1883) called attention to the fact that this genus includes species which would naturally be included within the genus Phascolo- soma, but which may be conveniently segregated until our knowledge of the affinities of the various species of this larger genus is more complete. , DENDROSTOMA ALUTACEUM Grube. Station 2280, off Cape Hatteras, lat. 35° 21’ N.; long. 75° 25’ 30 ’ W.; 16 fathoms, gray sand and broken shells. Cedar Keys, Florida, on coral, 1 fathom. Dry Tortugas, Florida. Key West, Florida. Body pear-shaped (fig. 12 and pl. 59, fig. 9), with the greatest width near the posterior end, which terminates in a papilla-like elevation. Introvert cylindrical; the anterior half is smooth, behind which there is a wide (2 mm.) band of prominent, recurved hooks. The cuticular coy- ering the base of the introvert is divided into rectangular blocks. The surface of the trunk is marked with fine trans- verse furrows, visible only with a lens, separating narrow ridges of cuticula which show minute pits. The body is brownish- flesh-color, the cuticula being suffused with white, so that the general effect in alcoholic specimens is grayish-brown. The numerous tentacles are grouped in six tree-shaped bunches, long, slender, and grooved upon their oral surfaces. The color of the tentacles, like the rest of the introvert, is light yellowish-brown, but individual tentacles are flecked with spots of dark brown pigment upon the oral surface, gen- erally both in the middle and near the tip. The longitudinal muscles of the body wall form a continuous layer; the circular muscles are divided into distinct bundles, which anasto- mose. The breaks between these bundles of circular muscle fibers give rise to transverse furrows upon the surface of the body. 69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13——27 Fic. 12.—DENDROSTOMA ALUTACEUM. X 8}. an, ANUS. 418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, The two large, ventral retractors (fig. 13) have their origin in wide attachments at the posterior end of the middle third of the length of the trunk. The pair of nephridia are very long, and attached to the body wall slightly behind the anus. The esophagus is slender, and the large coil of the intestine nearly fills the posterior part of the cavity of the trunk. A spindle muscle is inserted in the body wall immedi- ately behind the anus, and muscle strands run from the intestinal coil to each side of the wall of the body slightly in front of the origin of the retractor muscles. The esophagus bears upon the dorsal surface at its Fic. 13.—DISSECTION OF DENDROSTOMA ALUTACEUM. X 104. an, ANUS; neph, NEPHRIDIUM; tb. Pol, POLIAN TUBULE. posterior end an enlargement of the Polian canal in the form of a small sac (fig. 13), from which a bunch of fine blind tubes run backward into the intestinal coil, and isolated tubes extend to the ventral side of the body wall. These tubes when stretched become straight, but, when the tension is relaxed, they take the form of a fine spiral. Varicosities occur at intervals in the larger tubules. Two faintly pigmented eye spots are visible in one of the largerspecimens. The cerebral ganglion as seen from above with a low power has nearly a circular contour; a prominent, crescentic cerebral organ extends in front of it. No nuchal organ was observed. No. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 419 Genus PHYSCOSOMA Selenka, 1897. Phymosomum QUATREFAGES, 1865. Phymosoma SELENKA, Biitow, and De Man, 1883. Longitudinal muscle layer of the body wall in most species discon- tinuous (continuous in Ph. capitatum, new species). Tentacles in a single row, not encircling the mouth, but situated dorsal to it along a crescent opening dorsad. Body covered with papille. Hooks, arranged in rings, usually present (not in Ph. antillarum Grube and Orsted). Usually four retractors, the dorsal and ventral of each side tending to fuse. Contractile tube in most species without ceca (not in Ph. antillarum Grube and Orsted). Eye-spots generally occur (not in Ph. capitatum). PHYSCOSOMA VARIANS (Keferstein). Phascolosoma varians KEFERSTEIN, 1865. Phascolosoma perlucens Barrp, 1868. This species (pl. 62, fig. 18) is abundant at Key West and at the Dry Tortugas, Florida, and is also found at other points off the southern coast of that State, as at Cape Florida and Key Vaccas. It is abun- dant among the West Indies (Keferstein, 1866; Selenka, 1883), at the Bahamas (Shipley, 1890), Bermudas (specimens collected for me through the kindness of Prof. E. L. Mark), and occurs also at Ascen- sion Island in the South Atlantic (W. H. Brown, Eclipse Expedition to West Africa, 1889). The following is a translation. of Keferstein’s description as given by Selenka (1883): Trunk three to four times as long as thick, introvert as long as or longer than the trunk. Skin yellowish, thin, somewhat iridescent, with many scattered, large, dome-shaped, rounded papille, which are darkly pigmented on the dorsal side of the animal (a dark ring with a light center) and are often grouped together there into spots, giv- ing a marbleized appearance. The diameter of the papillx is 0.20- 0.22mm. The posterior half of the introvert resembles the trunk in appearance, and the anus is not conspicuous; the anterior half, on the other hand, bears only small papille, appears accordingly rather smooth, and is often pigmented with brown, usually transverse, bands. It carries numerous closely-set rows of hooks of very variable number (12-90), which, accordingly, in many cases cover only the most an- terior part, but often the whole anterior half, of the introvert. The hooks are very characteristic, broadly leaf-shaped, with the upper point bent to a right angle, and with large, rounded, accessory pro- jections on the inner edge. Between the rows of hooks are hook- papille rather regularly arranged. On the anterior part of the intro- vert, immediately behind the tentacles, is an entirely smooth zone. 420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 44, The 20-28 short tentacles, standing in two lateral rows, do not encircle the mouth, but are situated on the dorsal side of it, encircled by a low collar of integument opening dorsally. The musculature is strong; the longitudinal muscle layer is split into about 30 (26-32) anastomosing bands, and the circular muscle layer also tends to form bands. Four strong retractors, of which the ventral are attached in the posterior, the dorsal in the anterior part of the middle third of the trunk; and those of the same side are united only in the anterior part of the introvert. Two large eye-spots. In- testinal coil with few whorls, with a complete columellar muscle and a single fastener ventral to the esophagus and the first whorl. Rectum of medium length. Contractile tube simple, only 0.24 mm. thick. Nephridia very long, fastened by a mesentery along the anterior third. Eggs (0.12 mm.) with a thin yolk membrane pierced with fine pore canals. Trunk 35 mm., introvert 42 mm. The structure of this very variable species has been well described by Shipley (1890). PHYSCOSOMA ANTILLARUM (Grube and Orsted). Phascolosoma fuscum KEFERSTEIN, 1862. Phascolosoma nigriceps Barrp, 1868. Key West, Florida, cavities in rocks between tides (Henry Hemp- hill, 1885). Five specimens. This species has been found among the West Indies at Muriel, Cuba (U. S. Nat. Mus., Palmer and Riley), St. Croix (Grube and Orsted), St. Thomas (Keferstein), Barbados (Stuttgart Museum, Selenka; U. S. Nat. Mus., Worthing, Barbados, on reef, (H. M. Lefroy) and Jamaica (Baird); off the adjacent mainland of Colombia, Sabanilla, and Venezuela (U.S. Nat. Mus., Albatross, 1884), at Puerto Cabello (Grube), and Pernambuco and Goyanna, Brazil (U. S. Nat. Mus., A. W. Greeley). In the Pacific, it has been found on the coast of Costa Rica at Puntarenas (Grube and Orsted) and on the coast of Chile (Baird). The following description is based largely on Keferstein’s account, as given by Selenka (1883), which agrees closely with the facts as I have found them: Distinctwe features.—Introvert one-half to one-third the length of the trunk (pl. 62, fig. 20), which in a partially contracted specimen is four or five times as long as thick (pl. 62, fig. 19). The thick skin is everywhere covered with prominent, flat; dark-brown papille be- tween which the whitish or yellowish skin appears. Papille at the posterior end of the trunk and especially at the base of the introvert are large, rough, and dark-colored, forming at the anterior extremity black plates separated only by narrow fissures. On the introvert the papillz are further separated and are conical with a sharp apex. No. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 421 In the front part of the introvert a smooth zone is sharply marked off; and a small, upright collar, split dorsally, lies at the base of the numerous (50-80) long, thread-shaped tentacles, which are often transversely striped with alternating rings of brown and white. The longitudinal muscle layer consists of separate, frequently anas- tomosing bands (30 in the middle of the trunk, 20 in the front, but subject to much variation). Four retractor muscles arise near one another in the second third of the trunk, but immediately unite on each side to form a single, lateral muscle. Brain with distinct eye spots. Intestinal coil of few (about 20) whorls. Rectum long. A columellar muscle fastens the intestine in front of the anus and at the posterior end of the trunk. The contractile vessel on the esopha- gus and on the first intestinal coil has many finger-shaped diverticula terminating in tubular ceca. Nephridia very long (over one-half the length of the trunk) and attached along almost the whole length to the body wall by a fold of peritoneum. One of the specimens from Key West is unusually large, the trunk being 47 mm. in length. The usual length of the trunk is about 30 mm.; introvert 18 mm. PHYSCOSOMA CAPITATUM, new species. Station 2231, lat. 38° 29’ N.; long. 73° 09’ W., east of Cape May; 965 fathoms, gray ooze; temperature at bottom, 36.8° F. Station 2103, lat. 38° 47’ 20’’ N.; long. 72° 37’ W., east of Cape May; 1,091 fathoms, Globigerina ooze; temperature at bottom, 39° F. Station 2685, lat. 39° 35’ N.; long. 71° 02’ 30’’ W., south of Mar- thas Vineyard; 1,137 fathoms, green mud with white specks; tem- perature at bottom, 37.9° F. Station 2029, lat. 39° 42’ N.; long. 70° 47’ W.; south of Marthas Vineyard; 1,168 fathoms, gray mud; temperature at bottom, 384° F. Type.—Cat. No. 4067, U.S.N.M. Station 2093, lat. 39° 42’ 50’ N.; long. 71° 01’ 20’’ W., south of Marthas Vineyard; 1,000 fathoms, foraminifera, sand and mud; tem- perature at bottom, 39° F. Station 2192, lat. 39° 46’ 30’’ N.; long. 70° 14’ 45”’ W., south of Marthas Vineyard; 1,060 fathoms, gray ooze; temperature at bot- tom, 38.6° F. Station 2572, lat. 40° 29’N.; long. 66° 04’ W., southeast of Georges Bank; 1,769 fathoms, gray ooze; temperature at bottom, 37.8° F. Station 2531, lat. 40° 42’'N.; long..66° 33’ W.; southeast of Georges Bank; 852 fathoms, gray mud; temperature at bottom, 38.4° F. Station 2530, lat. 40° 52’ 30’’ N.; long. 66° 24’ W., southeast of Georges Bank; 956 fathoms, gray ooze; temperature at bottom, 38.4° F. 4292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44. Station 2528, lat. 41° 47’ N.; long. 65° 37’ 30’ W., east of Georges Bank, 677 fathoms, brown sand; temperature at bottom, 38.7° F. Station 2072, lat. 41° 53 N.; long. 65° 35’ W., south of Cape Sable, east of Provincetown, Massachusetts; 858 fathoms, gray mud; tem- perature at bottom, 39° F. The range of this species extends from the latitude of Cape Cod (station 2072) southward as far, at least, as that of Cape May (station 2231). It is found at depths varying from 677 to 1,769 fathoms. No other species of this genus, with the exception of Ph. lovénii Koren and Danielssen, has been found as far north, the most of the species being inhabitants of tropical or subtropical waters. The tem- perature of the water from which the specimens were taken in sum- mer and autumn was 36°-39° F. This species differs from others of this genus in that the longitudinal muscle layer is entirely continuous, the almost universal condition in Phascolosoma. The eggs are spherical, as in Phascolosoma, and there are no eye-spots visible upon the surface of the cerebral ganglion; whereas in most species of Physcosoma the eggs are said to be ellip- tical and flattened, and eye-spots are present. The peculiar arrange- ment of the tentacles, however, dorsal to the mouth in a crescent opening dorsad (pl. 51, fig. 15), places this species in the genus Phys- cosoma. Distinctive features —Trunk ovate with thick, rough, dark-brown integument, thickly studded at the posterior end with broad, yellow- ish-brown and hence conspicuous papille, which elsewhere are thinly scattered over the trunk (pl. 61, fig. 16; pl. 62, fig. 21). Introvert cylindrical, shorter than the trunk, which it resembles in the color and texture of the skin, except in the anterior fourth, which is sharply contrasted with the rest by having a light orange color and thin walls, forming an oval ‘‘head”’ (pl. 62, fig. 21). The main part of the introvert is covered with light yellowish-brown papil- le, which are about twice as large at the proximal as at the distal end of this region. Papille of smaller size extend over the base of the orange-colored ‘‘head,” around which about 35 rows of minute hooks (pl. 61, fig. 16) extend. There are 14 tentacles, arranged in the char- acteristic fashion of Physcosoma, dorsal to the mouth in a crescentic row opening dorsad (pl. 61, fig. 15). A collar consisting of an annu- lar fold of mtegument surrounds the anterior part of the ‘‘head,” immediately behind the mouth and tentacles. There are four short retractor muscles of which the ventral, which are much the larger, are attached near the posterior end of the trunk; the slender, dorsal pair are attached slightly in front of the others, and unite together posterior to their union with the ventral pair. There are no eye-spots. The eggs are spherical, small, and transparent, covered with a yolk membrane pierced with distinct pore canals. No. 1959. SI[PUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 428 The size of the larger specimens, extended, is: trunk 16 mm. long and 7 mm. thick; introvert 12 mm. long and 1.5 mm. thick. Still larger specimens have a trunk 17 mm. long and 9 mm. thick, and 19 mm. by 7 mm. The integument of the posterior end of the trunk in some specimens is so thick as to suggest a shield like that of Aspzdosiphon, but this is not a constant characteristic. The papille are generally low, flat domes, capped by a central rounded protuberance. The nerve cord is prominent, and is held to the ventral wall of the introvert by a mesentery; the lateral nerves are inconspicuous. A long esophagus (fig. 4) joins an intes- tinal coil of about 20 whorls held by a prominent spin- dle muscle at- tached posteriorly to the tip of the body wall. A muscle strand ex- tends from the middle of the esophagus for- ward to the junc- tion of the two ventral retractors, in front of which the anterior part of the esophagus is fastened to the re- Fig. 14.—DISSECTION OF. PHYSCOSOMA CAPITATUM. X 4%. go, REPRO- DUCTIVE ORGAN; m. rtr. d, DORSAL RETRACTOR MUSCLE: ™. sp, tractors by a fold SPINDLE MUSCLE; neph, NEPHRIDIUM; @. ESOPHAGUS. of peritoneum. A short, simple Polian tube or contractile vessel lies over the united portion of the pair of dorsal retractors. The nephridia (fig. 14) are attached to the body wall nearly opposite the anus. They are of medium length. This species varies much in regard to the position of the points of attachment of the retractor muscles to the body wall. Thus in one specimen both pairs were attached near together near the middle of the trunk. In a small, young specimen the ventra] retractors have the usual attachment near the posterior end of the body, whereas 494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 44, the slender dorsal muscles are joined to the body wall much further forward than in the individual which I have figured (fig. 14), and underneath the nephridia. In general, in the few specimens which I have dissected, the position of the attachment of the dorsal retractors varies from about the posterior end of the first third of the trunk backward to the posterior end of the third quarter. The resemblance of this species to Phascolosoma has been noted above. Like Phascolosoma seutigera Roule and Ph. approximatum Roule which it resembles closely in its proportions, its musculature and other respects, it suggests also the genus Aspidosiphon, though to a less extent than the former of the two species mentioned. A posterior shield is distinctly suggested in some specimens by the thick- ening of the integument of the posterior end of the trunk and, to a less extent, at the anterior extremity. It seems not impossible that some of the deep-sea sipunculids described by Roule (1907) as species of Phascolosoma belong rather in Physcosoma, a genus which Roule apparently does not recognize as including several species originally described as Phascolosema (as, for instance, Ph. agassizii Keferstein, Ph. varians Keferstein). Thus Roule’s Phascolosoma vulgare de Blainville var. multipapillosa, so far as one can judge by his figure (fig. 89) and very brief description in which he compares this form to Phascolosoma (=Physcosoma) agassizii Keferstein, apparently resembles Physcosoma. No state- ment is made as to whether its longitudinal muscle layer is con- tinuous, as in Phascolosoma vulgare, or discontinuous as in Physcosoma agassizit. Superficially, and as regards its retractor muscles, it resembles Physcosoma capitatum. The one individual of this ‘variety multipapillosa’’ came from Mogador, West Coast of Africa, and a depth of 1,050 meters. The incomplete crown of tentacles in Phascolosoma approzimatum Roule, suggests that possibly this also is a species of Physcosoma. Genus ASPIDOSIPHON Grube. Individuals of this genus have a distinct shield in front of the anus and one at the posterior extremity of the body. The introvert is much slenderer than the trunk, with which it is connected ventral to the anal shield. Rings of hooks are found in most species upon the introvert. The longitudinal muscle layer is either continuous or discontinuous. Only the ventral retractors are present, and they are fused more or less completely. Most of the species of Aspidosiphon that have been described inhabit the Pacific and Indian Oceans. In the Atlantic, A. armatus Koren and Danielssen and A. mirabilis Théel occur off the coast of Norway and Sweden, A. miilleri Diesing is found with A. venabulum Selenka and Biilow off the west coast of Africa (Fischer, 1894), and No. 1959. SIPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA—GEROULD. 425 in the Bay of Biscay and the Azores (Sluiter, 1900), and A. specu- lator has been taken at St. Vincent (Cape Verde Islands). A. trunca- tus Keferstein, which occurs both at Panama (Keferstein, 1866) and Mauritius (Selenka, 1883), is also likely to be found in the Atlantic. ASPIDOSIPHON PARVULUS, new species. Station 2280, off Cape Hatteras, lat. 35° 21’ N.; long. 75° 21’ 307’ W.; 16 fathoms, gray mud and broken shells. Two specimens. With Phascolosoma verrilliit Gerould and Dendrostoma alutaceum Grube. Type.—Cat. No. 15118, U.S.N.M. The larger of the two specimens noted above measures: trunk 4 mm., introvert 2.5 mm. The smaller: trunk 3 mm., introvert 1.5 mm. The introvert of both specimens is partially retracted, though that of the larger specimen is almost completely extended. The most distinctive features are: the diminutive size; introvert shorter than the trunk (pl.61, fig. 17) and beset with numerous, minute, slender hooks; anterior shield irregularly cov- ered with prominent spines; posterior shield divided by radial fur- rows into rounded or squarish plates; the lon- gitudinal muscle layer continuous. The trunk is short and thick, the thickness be- ing about one-half the length in a slightly con- Fig. 15.—DISSECTION OF ASPIDOSIPHON PARVULUS. X 17. tracted specimen. The an, ANUS; m.rir, RETRACTOR MUSCLE. color is light yellowish- or grayish-brown; the anterior and posterior shields, which are prominently marked off, are deep yellowish-brown. The anterior shield is covered with prominent spines, of which those along the margin are sharply conical, those in the center flat. The posterior shield is divided by radial and circular furrows into squarish or rounded, partially separate plates, and at its center is a knob-shaped elevation. The entire shield is covered with a minutely granular embossing, visible with a magnification of 17 diameters (pl. 61, fig.17). The trunk is smooth, but is covered with flat epidermal organs with a circular outline and a central depression. They are visible with a hand lens only on the posterior part of the trunk in front of the posterior shield, where they are largest. They gradually diminish in size from that region forward, and are visible on the anterior half of the trunk only with a magnification of 60 diameters or more. The 426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 44, surface of the trunk in the larger specimen is blocked off into rectan- . gular elevations by the contractions of the underlying muscles.. The introvert, which is shorter than the trunk, is cylindrical, and covered with exceedingly minute, slender, recurved hooks, which can not be seen easily with a magnification of less than 60 diameters. The posterior end of the retractor muscle (fig. 15) is divided, and the two roots (representing the right and left ventral retractors) are inserted on each side of the posterior shield. A muscle strand extends to the body wall from the retractor immediately in front of the angle between the diverging roots. The longitudinal muscles of the body wall form a continuous layer. The long, slender nephridia are attached by a fold of peritoneum to the body wall. The intestine makes a coil of about 10 wide turns, and is supported by a very strong spindle muscle. The ventral nerve cord projects prominently into the body cavity. This form somewhat resembles A. mirabilis Théel of the west coast of Norway and Sweden, but, aside from size, it differs from it in the smoothness of the trunk, the presence of prominent spines on the anterior shield, the attachment of the nephridia by folds of perito- neum, and other less marked features. ASPIDOSIPHON SPECIOSUS, new species. Key West, Florida, shore (?). One specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 16320, U.S.N.M. Station 2336, off Havana, lat. 23° 10’ 48’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 52’” W.; 157 fathoms, coral bottom. One specimen. Station 2758, east of Brazil, lat. 6° 59’ 30’’ S.; long. 34° 47’ W.; 20 fathoms, broken shells; temperature at surface and bottom, 79° F. One specimen. Distinctive features.—Introvert nearly or quite as long as the trunk (pl. 62, fig. 22). About 110 rows of fine, single-pointed hooks (fig. 16) on the first fifth of the introvert. Introvert and middle of the trunk smooth. Ends of the trunk covered with polygonal elevations. Both shields furrowed (pl. 62, fig. 22). Longitudinal muscle layer discontinuous. A transverse septum stretches across the colom in front of the anus and the nephridia. Ventral retractor muscles fused into one. No eye-spots. The trunk of the specimen from Key West is 40 mm. in length, the introvert 38-40 mm. in length. The spines on the posterior part of the introvert are exceedingly fine and the introvert is smooth. The anterior and posterior ends of the trunk are covered with polygonal or squarish elevations of a dark-brown color on a grayish field. The middle portion (nearly one-half the length) of the trunk is smooth and of a yellowish-brown color. The shields are dark brown and furrowed. The anterior shield is oval, with its long axis transverse, with 18 short and long furrows at its posterior edge, converging as No. 1959. STPUNCULIDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMBRICA—GEROULD. 427 they run forward toward the base of the introvert. The posterior shield has 22-26 radial furrows, of which only about 15 reach the rounded elevation at the center. The edges of the posterior shield, by the contraction of the circular muscles in front of it, sometimes project above the general surface of the body, so that the radially ribbed, circular shield, rising like a flat dome from the cylindrical trunk in a contracted specimen, suggests an extremely ornamental roof of a Chinese pagoda. The longitudinal muscle layer consists of about 46 flat, plate-like bands, which anastomose under the anal shield and in the region of the nephridia. The single retractor muscle formed by the fusion of the two ventral retractors is attached to the body wall by two roots, one on each side of the nerve cord at a considerable distance (= two-sevenths the length of the trunk) in front of the posterior shield. A prominent transverse septum stretches across the celom imme- diately in front of the anus and the openings of the nephridia, thus isolating a small space beneath the anterior shield. The nephridia are not connected with it. They are each attached to the body wall by a short fold of peri- As toneum extending along about one-fifth or one-fourth of the length of the nephridium. The nephrostome Ce is a prominent fold with a heart-shaped contour con- nected with the rest of the nephridium by a slender pal an iaidies, neck. The intestinal coil of many whorls is held to YR" oF Asrr- the middle of the posterior shield by a large columel- EER US lar muscle. There is a large, oval diverticulum upon the rectum near the anus. The rectum is held by & longitudinal fold of peritoneum containing muscle fibers. This species resembles A. klunzingeri Selenka and Bilow from the Red Sea. Genus SIPUNCULUS Linnzus. This genus includes, in general, large sipunculids, which are found in all seas from the polar to the equatorial regions. The trunk is without papille and the introvert without hooks. |. =< 22 GOLss sas chascen|ecdee Ont sem cates vecteacicce 66.0 37.7 13.0 31.6 17.0 TSSIRI | E22 ao See asHaeery easee (tte ana sotooanboSsnenoaane 64.0 36.0 12.6 33.0 17.0 1B 7 ES EBS as GAB RB Re Seoce Beare GAs seboges tor sesshnecos 65.4 37.2 12.5 32.6 16.7 155390 Laurel, Maryland .2o2----= 68.5 38.8 15.7 33.1 18.8 DBR RRR AO ean Cader ones Cos OSE Shao ses eee epee 67.0 41.0 15.6 34.5 17.5 TRE EEE ee eel ee ate ac BA CAE en ee eenrr 67.7 42.1 15.2 36.0 18.2 172459 ae Patuxent River, Mary- 69.0 39.9 14.4 35.0 18.0 and. 174764 |....- Ors see ee ece Maryland acersos-e nee eice 67.4 40.6 15.0 33.5 18.5 $6915) |/-2: =< (sR eee eae (Nee Omer een See ee 71.0 45.0 13.7 37.1 17.5 86234 |..--. GOR Soseeisee ae Highland Falls, New York. 68.4 38.5 13.9 33.4 17.4 3901 | MW. v. lutensis...-.-- Georgia 5 25 a xiace ne octue 70:1 39.4 2 34.0 19.1 TTS o}s gee OOes ee -tenesee Frogmore, South Carolina 69.6 41.0 12.8 33.6 18.2 188359 |.-.-- Gb} seonosoped ps. o- Ose hbo snoopoceABBecuns 71.0 37.6 ea 32.6 19.0 188362 |...-- GOs nes eaieecies Charleston, South Carolina..| 71.5 39.9 13.8 36. 2 19.1 188361 |----- GOee\. ~e (RS oe REE (acaoe (SoS acne aoe: Sp eeoepe ZOS5 Nese =e 13.4 33.2 18.9 136760 | M.v. melampeplus.| Kenai Peninsula, Alaska 65.5 37.7 11.4 35.0 17.5 136761 |-.---- GOni ease sos ofade-8 to Ke sates UL ae EA ees 68.5 39.0 12.0 35.0 17.9 136759 COs. ise os ene isles ae DOES steels emaisers ai 66.1 37.4 10. 4 De 2 17.1 ESG758)} {= 2-2: (Eee ererese Oe eeeictrecctieacenscess 68.2 39.0 12.1 35.8 17.0 136756 |=: =. CREE Aaeemncnt Palace GOs aS aeaeeewarsaclsas sas 66.0 37.1 inal 30.9 17.5 6530 | WM. v. ingens......- Fort Yukon, Alaska.......- 76. 2 47.4 12.6 41.4 2.0 PAR yh My eee DOH ous mc secre Mission, Aska occ... 55. 77.0 44.0 13.2 38. 4 18.5 21366 |..-.. GOsse tee sie eet Andraefski, VANASKG@.. s splits the old genus Mongoma into three, proposing Paramongoma for the albitarsis group of the genus, and Mongomioides for trentepohlii and its allies. Bru- netti’s statement that australasiz is a strict ‘‘ Mongoma”’ (p. 291) and, a little later, that ‘“The only Oriental species definitely referable to Paramongoma is albitarsis Doleschall, but australasiz Skuse is certainly congeneric” (p. 296) is confusing. Stil more recently Enderlein® has retained Trentepohlia for trente- pohlit and its allies, as was suggested by Edwards,’ Mongoma for Jragillima and its allies, and has proposed the new name Mongomella for the albitarsis group, with pallida Williston as type. The name is, of course, strictly synonomous with Paramongoma Brunetti. I have recently shown that the species of the genus show a very gradual transition from one to another, and no division, not even subgeneric, can be accepted. For instance, the new species, MV. dis- quncta would represent another new group because of its two median branches that reach the wing margin, the Paramongoma group having but a single median vein. There is but one valid genus, with but a single subgenus, included in the Mongoma group, and its species have an equatorial distribution (tropicopolitan). 1 Studies on Tipulide, pt. 2, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 31, p. 204. 2 Dipt. Australia, p. 347. 3 Ent. Tidskr., vol. 9, p. 135. 4 Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, 1911, p. 63. 5 Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. 6, p. 291. 6 Zo61. Jahrbuch, 1912, pp. 60-62. 7Tdem, p. 63. 8 Can. Ent., 1912, p. 88 500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MONGOMA. 1. Veins Cu, and M; distinct at the wing margin... ..disjwncta, new species (Brazil). Veins Cu, and M;j not distinct at the wing margin mans Si atts sae an eS ae 2 2. Tarsi of all the legs white. ............-- niveitarsis, new species (Greater Antilles). Tarst of all the lege'noti whtiteds 229209 0. Sic Lk as ft 3. Cell R, of the wings very long, much longer than cell R,........-.-...........- 4, Cell R, of the wings short, about as long as cell R,;............--..------.....--5. 4. Larger species; length 7-8 mm.............-- manca Williston! (Lesser Antilles). Small. species; lenptn (i MM. 3:<-- 2. fon nen os extensa, new species (Brazil). 5. Nostigmal spot; ground color of the body yellow. pallida Williston? (Lesser Antilles). Stigmal spot distinct; ground color of the body brown. longifusa, new species (Panama). MONGOMA DISJUNCTA, new species. Antenne brown; body and legs light brownish-yellow; veins M, and Cu, distinct at the wing margin. Female.—Length, 11.6 mm.; wing, 10.2 mm; fore leg, femur 11.8 mm.; tibia 14; tarsus 12.6; hind leg, femur 12.4 mm; tibia 12.4; tarsus 9.6. Head: rostrum and palpi brown, the terminal segment s rather darker; antenne brown; front, vertex, occiput and genz brownish-yellow. Thorax: prothorax light brownish, its pleura darker brown. Meso- notum: praescutum dull yellow with a faint brownish tinge; scutum, scutellum, and post-notum brownish-yellow. Pleurze uniform dull yellow, with no decided contrasts in coloration. Halteres brownish- yellow, the knob, basally, slightly darker. Legs: coxe, trochanters, femora, and tibize dull yellow, tarsi rather lighter yellow. Wing: dull yellowish-hyaline, darkest at the tip; stigma oval, brown; veins brown, C and Sec more yellowish. Venation: Se very long, as in the genus; Sc, retracted, rather far backward, so that Se, is rather longer than R,. R long, cross vein 7 just before its tip, oblique. Rs rather long, gently arcuated, about equal to R,,,;, R, short, rather sinuated. R,,,; fused with M,,,, obliterating the cross vein r—m, this fusion continuing for a short distance beyond the cross vein m, when the veins separate in a symmetrical fork. M in a line with M, and Cu,; basal deflection of M,,, very long, longer than R,. Cu, about equal to Cu,; Cu, fuses with M just before the fork of M; at the lower distal angle of cell first M, the veins separate, Cu, continuing in a straight line with Cu,+M,, M, arcuates cephalad to the cross vein m and continues thence straight to the wing margin. Cu, strongly divergent from Cu,, forming an angle of about 75°. Cu, and first A free at the tip; second anal rather long. (See fig. 22.) Abdomen: tergum dark brown; sternum, segments 1-6 dull yellow, 7-8 dark brown; genital segment dull yellow; valves of the ovipositor not very elongate, dark brown, extreme tips paler, yellowish. 1 Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 293. 2Tdem, p. 293, pl. 101, fig. 67. no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINAZ—ALEXANDER. 501 Habitat.— Holotype—Female, Esperito Santo, Brazil. Received from Staudinger and Bang-Haas. Type.—In author’s collection. MONGOMA NIVEITARSIS, new species. Dark brown; all tarsi white; wings hyaline. Female.—Length, 6.8-7 mm.; wing, 6.1-6.3 mm.; hind leg, femur 9mm.; tibia and tarsus together, 15 mm. Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne moderately elon- gated, dark brown. Front, vertex, and occiput dark brown. Thorax: pronotum largely concealed from above by the forward projecting mesonotum, viewed from the side, the prothoracic scutel- lum is high, bearing six prominent bristles on its margin; separated from the scutum by a deep notch; pronotum dark brown. Meso- notum very gibbous, very dark brown; scutum, scutellum, and post- notum dark brown; pleurz yellowish brown. Halteres long, slender, brown, the stem palest. Legs: coxe and trochanters dull yellowish- brown; femora dark olive-brown; tibia brown, extreme base pale; tarsus, segments one and two brownish-white; three to five white, except the claws, which are brown. Wings: hyaline, slightly darker toward the tip; stigma brown; veins brown. Venation, (See fig. 13.) Abdomen: tergum dark brown; sternum yellowish-brown; ovi- positor, valves very long, slender, dark-brown basally, remainder hghter brown. The paratype has the tip of the tibiz and all of the tarsal segments white. } Habitat.— Holotype.—Female, El Yunque, Porto Rico, West Indies; 2,850 feet; Feb. 25, 1900 (Coll. C. W. Richmond). Paratype.— Female, with the type, Feb. 27, 1900. Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14920). MONGOMA EXTENSA, new species. Brown; small, cross vein r slightly before the fork of R ,,,. Female.—Length, 5.1 mm.; wing,4.9 mm. Head: rostrum pale; antenne and palpi brown; front and vertex brown; occiput and cervical sclerites rather paler brown. Thorax: dorsum brownish-yellow, the mesothoracic scutum pale yellow in the middle and on the sides. Halteres pale, whitish, knob rather brown. Legs brown, the feet rather lighter-colored, dull yellow. Wings: subhyaline, a triangular, pale brown, stigmal spot. Vena- tion: R,4, in a line with R,, which is shorter than it; R,,, leaving R, at an angle of about 60°, very long. Fork of R,,, opposite the tip of R,. Cross vein r very indistinct, slightly before the fork of R,,,. Cu, rather close to first anal at its tip, the distance separating them at the wing margin only aslongasSc,. (See fig. 11.) Abdomen brown. 502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44. Habitat.— Holotype.—Female, Culebra, Panama. Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14921). Related to IZ. manca Williston, but much smaller and colorational and venational details different. : MONGOMA LONGIFUSA, new species. Brown; stigmal spot distinct; R,,, longer than R, alone. Length 4.4 mm; wing 4.2 mm. Female—Head: antenne and palpi brown; front, vertex, occiput and cervical sclerites brown. Thorax: Dorsum_ brownish-yellow; an indistinct, very narrow, brown median line; transverse suture interrupted medially and prescutum produced caudad into two obtuse denticule; pleurz dull yellow. Halteres light yellowish-brown. Legs uniform brown. Wings: subhyaline; cells C and Sc slightly more yellow, stigmal spot and extreme tip of the wing pale brown; veins light brown. Venation: Se, retracted rather far toward the base of the wing; Ri, between r and the fork, longer than R, alone. Basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M. (See fig. 10.) Abdomen: light brown; lateral line black; the apical segments of the abdomen slender, tubular, valves of the ovipositor very slender, arcuated. Habitat.— Holotype-—Femaie, Igarape Asst, Para, Brazil, Jan. 19, 1912 (Parish, coll.). T ype.—in Cornell University collection. Related to M. pallida Williston, but differs as fenowe darker in coloration; a distinct, though ‘pale, oval stigma; longer fusion of R,3,, ete. . Genus LACHNOCERA Philippi. Lachnocera Pururrrt, Verh. Zo6dl.—bot. Gen! Wien, vol. 19, 1865, p. 615.—OsTEN Sacken, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 335. The following description is adapted from Osten Sacken:' Antenne, at least those of the male, are as long as the body, 13 segmented (?); first segment cylindrical, stout, elongated; the second of the same length as the first, gradually attenuated; the following ones slender, stouter in the middle, on both sides with long, hirsute hairs; the last segments are rather indistinct. Rostrum short; fourth segment of the palpi equal to the third in length (?). Wings with two marginal cells; the first large; the second short, separated from the first by an oblique vein; a single submarginal cell; four posterior cells; discal cell pentagonal; basal cells elon- gated, the second longer. Feet slender. LACHNOCERA DELICATULA Philippi.? The following is translated from Philippi’s original description: First segment of the antenne testaceous; remainder and palpi, erayish-brown; thorax testaceous with brown stripes; coxs and 1 Translation, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 335. 2 Verh. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 19, 1865, pl. 23, fig. 5. No. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINZ—ALEXANDER. 503 trochanters pale; abdomen and remainder of the feet, greyish-brown; wings little infuscated; stigma dusky. Male.—Length, body, 24 lines; wing expanse, 6} lines. Habitat.—Valdivia, Chile. Genus GONOMYIA Meigen. Gonomyia MEIGEN, Syst. Beschr., vol. 1, 1818, p. 146.—OsrENn SacxkeEn, Studies, pt. 2, 1887, p. 200. : Taphrosia RonpANI, Prodr, vol. 1, 1856, p. 1820. Goniomyia OstEN SacKEN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 177. Gonomyiz appear to be numerous in the Neotropical regions and many species are herein recorded. Some of the aberrant species that I have referred to the subgenus Le¢poneura Skuse, have been placed in various genera of the Antochini, simply because of the lack of one branch of the radial sector. Thus Atarba puella Williston, A. pleuralis Williston, Elliptera, sp. (Williston); Hlliptera alexanderi Johnson, and the two Australian species of Leiponeura are, apparently, all Gonomyiz. I have had for examination all of the American Gonomyie excepting G. galactoptera Bergroth, of Alaska. (Aldrich gives also G. caudata Lundberg, but Kertesz calls this an Empeda.) The American species referable to the subgenus Gonomyia Meigen, (type tenella Meigen) are blanda Osten Sacken; cognatella Osten Sacken; subcevnerea Osten Sacken; sulphurella Osten Sacken; virgata Doane; galactoptera Bergroth; delicata, new species; and unicolor, new species. Those species referable to Leiponeura Skuse (type gracilis Skuse) are manca Osten Sacken; pleuralis Williston; puella Williston; alexandert Johnson; and puer, new species. In the genus Gonomyia the prominent foves on the sides of the mesothoracic preescutum that I have called the “‘pseudosuture”’ are normal in position, but the tuberculate pits are far cephalad and small, located on the anterior margin of the sclerite. KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF GONOMYIA. e 1. Radial sector with 3 branches reaching the wing margin...-.... Gonomyia Meigen. Radial sector with but 2 branches reaching the wing margin. ..Leiponeura Skuse. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LEIPONEURA SKUSE. 1. Femora with a distinct brown band before the tip..........-.-.....-...------ 2. Pemors unicolorous, notbanded at the tip. ¢.22. 24. -ac-- 2+ tac eaeace+ sc -.-- 3. 2. Hind legs with the tibia china-white; tibize tipped with dark brown, alexanderit Johnson! (Eastern U.8.). Legs uniform, brownish-yellow...........-- manca Osten Sacken ? (Eastern U. S8.). 1 Psyche, Feb., 1912, p. 3, fig. 6. 2 Monographs, vol. 4, pp. 178, 179 (male, footnote). 504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LEIPONEURA SKUSE—Continued. 3. Pleural stripes dark chestnut-brown and yellow, distinct; stigma clear cut, dark- PROWOee ok ce eka eee eerste pleuralis Williston (Cuba—St. Vincent Is.). Pleural stripes indistinct, or faintly indicated; stigma faint or lacking........ 4, 4, A faint blue tinge on pleure; no stripes; mesonotum light brown, puella Williston (Lesser Antilles; Mexico). Pleure plumbeous with a yellow stripe; mesonotum brownish-gray, puer, new species (Greater Antilles). KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GONOMYIA MBIGEN. . (Neotropical and Nearctic, excluding boreal forms.) Li Wines spotted Acre ai etar ek blanda Osten Sacken ! (E. and SE. United States). Wings unmarked (except stigmal spot in cases)............-.-.-2-22220--0---0- 2 2. Femora with a distinct brown anteapical band, sulphurella Osten Sacken? (E. United States). Pehiorgs WHieolorous, WHMANGEd io loc cele secon: 52.2) \o ne ce See BEOe eee os 34) Antennse oranee'on yellow at the basisus. 2 eo coe ee eee ee oes 4, Antenive entirely brown or black-i1. 7. 1j2. .2o sat. SE ee Se ae 5. 4, Pleural stripes dark brown; Sc very short..... delicata, new species (Guatemala). Pleural stripes reddish; Sc longer, ending slightly before the origin of Rs., cognatella Osten Sacken* (E. United States). 5. Pleurse with a brown stripe running from collare to base of halteres, virgata Doane * (W. United States). Pleurse without distinet stripesesliu? Oy. .c Wats ye ee 6. 6. Pleurz uniformly light yellow; basal deflection of Cu, at the inner end of the short eel first Wi es sk a ae subcinerea Osten Sacken ® (E. United States). Pleurz rich light brown; basal deflection of Cu,, under the middle of the long cell 17h’ Pepatapeiaen, SeetoA as ds Selma datenct i unicolor, new species (Mexico and C. America). GONOMYIA (LEIPONEURA) PLEURALIS Williston. Atarba pleuralis Wituston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 289, pl. 10, fig. 61, male and female.—CoquimLuET?, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 250.—Ker- tesz, Cat. Dipterorum, vol. 2, 1902, p. 189.—AupricH, Cat. N. Amer. Dipt., 1905, p. 82.—Winuiston, Man. N. Amer. Dipt., 1908, p. 85 (fig. 32). Atabarba pleuralis Hunter, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1900, p. 290. Gonomyia pleuralis ALEXANDER, Ent. News, vol. 23, 1912, p. 419. Male.—Length, 5.1 mm; wing, 3.4 mm. Female.—Length, 6.4 mm; wing, 5 mm. Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne, basal two or three segments light yellow, remainder brown; front, vertex and occiput light yellow; a black spot on the vertex between the eyes. Thorax: mesothoracic prescutum rich chestnut-brown, lateral and cephalic margin broadly light yellow, this bordered internally by a narrow line of darker brown; pseudosuture light brown, short, tri- angular; scutum like the prescutum; scutellum yellow with a narrow 1 Monographs, vol. 4, pp. 182, 183, male and female. 2Tdem, pp. 180, 181, male and female. 8 Tdem., p. 181, male and female. 4 Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1900, p. 189, pl. 7, fig. 21. 5 Monographs, vol. 4, pp. 181, 182, male and female. No. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINA—ALEXANDER. 505 brown median line; post-notum light yellow with a transverse semi- lunar mark on the cephalic margin of the sclerite. Pleure light yellow; a broad chestnut band extending along the dorsal edge of the epipleure, becoming indistinct beyond the wing-basis. Two dark brown bands, one just under the chestnut epipleural band, the other near the venter traversing the coxe, these inclosing between them a rather broad light yellow stripe; sternum light yellow. Halteres light brownish-yellow. Legs light yellow; femora and tibie indistinctly darker at their tips. Wings hyaline; stigma distinct, oval, dark brown. Abdomen: caudal margin of tergites brownish-black, remainder of the tergites dull yellow; sternites light brown, darker on the pleural region, especially the first two abdominal segments where they are blackish-brown, formed by the conjunction of the brown thoracic pleural stripes. Distribution —Aguadilla, Porto Rico; Jan., 1899, female (Aug. Busck, coll.), (see Coquillett). Baracoa, Cuba; Sept., 1901 male (Aug. Busck, coll.). St. Vincent, West Indies (H. H. Smith, coll.), Williston, male and female. GONOMYIA (LEIPONEURA) PUELLA Williston. Atarba puella Witutston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, pp. 288, 289, pl. 10, fig. 60, male and female.—Kerrtesz, Catalogus Dipterorum, vol. 2, 1902, p. 189.— Axupricu, Cat. N. Amer. Dipt., 1905, p. 82.—ENDERLEIN, Zool. Jahrbuch, 1905. Atabarba puella Hunter, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1900, p. 290. Female —Length, 3.4-4 mm; wing, 3.8 mm. Head: rostrum light yellow; antenne, first twosegments brownish-yellow, flagellum brown; front and center of the vertex light yellow; sides of vertex and occi- put grayish. Thorax: mesonotum, prescutum light brown with a faint dark brown bloom; pseudosuture deep, short, triangular, reddish; lateral margin of the prescutum pale yellowish-white; scutum, scutellum and post-notum light brown; caudal margin of the scutellum brown- ish-yellow. Pleuree light brown with a distinct pinkish-white tinge overspreading the sclerites; sternum dull brownish-yellow. Halteres light colored, knob slightly darker. Legs yellowish-brown through- out. Wings hyaline. Abdomen: uniformly brown, the sternum and genital segment lighter, yellowish. Redescribed from two females from San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico (Townsend, coll.), and two of Williston’s female paratypes, from St. Vincent, 1,000 feet. Distribution.—Vera Cruz, Mexico; St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. 506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 44, GONOMYIA (LEIPONEURA) PUER, new species. Brownish-gray; scutellum pale on caudal margin; pleure plumb- eous, striped with yellow; wings hyaline. Female.—Length, 45-5 mm; wing, 4-4.5 mm. Head: rostrum brownish-yellow; palpi dark brown; antenne light brown; front whitish, flesh color, semituberculate; vertex and occiput bluish-gray pruinose; gene brighter blue-gray. Thorax: mesonotum, prescutum brownish-gray except the extreme lateral margin which is light yellow, broadest anteriorly; pseudosuture elongate-triangular, reddish-brown; scutum browuish- gray, paler medially and on the externo-caudal angles; scutellum yellow; post-notum brownish-gray, thickly blue pruinose. Pleuree plumbeous with a yellow stripe beginning above the fore coxa, con- tinuing caudad to below the halteres, brightest anteriorly; sternum yellowish. Halteres pale, knob slightly darker. Legs: coxe and trochanters yellow; femora, tibize and tarsi yellowish-brown, uniform. Wings: hyaline, stigma very faintly indicated. (See fig. 14.) Abdomen: dorsum dark brown; genital segment dull reddish- yellow. Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14932). Paratypes.—Females: mesonotum grayish-brown, the cephalic and lateral margins of the prescutum pale, cream-color; pale pleural stripes broader; lateral margins of the abdominal tergites pale on their basal half, giving a semiannulated appearance. Habitat.— Holotype.—Female, Santo Domingo, West Indies (Aug., 1905), (Busck, coll.). Paratypes.—Females, with the type (San Francisco Mountains; Sept., 1905). ‘ GONOMYIA (GONOMYIA) DELICATA, new species. Antenne with two basal segments light yellow; head light yellow with a dark line on vertex; mesonotum brown; pleure yellow with distinct brown stripes; legs unicolorous, yellowish-brown; wings hyaline; stigma pale brown. Female.—Length, 4.6 mm.; wing,6mm. Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black; antenne, two basal segments light yellow, remainder dark brownish-black; front and occiput light yellow; vertex light yellow with a linear dark brown medial stripe; gene faintly tinged with darker. Thorax: pronotum light yellow with a broad median grayish- brown stripe; mesonotum brown; pseudosuture elongate, triangular, deep, shiny reddish; a pale line from the mesal end of this fovea continuing back to the transverse suture. Lateral margin of the prescutum bright leght yellow, broadest behind. Scutum brown, indistinctly paler medially; scutellum light brown; post-notum no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NHOTROPICAL LIMNOBINA—ALEXANDER. 507 light yellow, browner in front. Pleuree light yellow with two narrow dark brown stripes, the upper continuing from the side of the pro- notum, obliquely caudad to the base of the halteres; the lower short, beginning under the precoxa, running backward to the mesocoxa. Halteres, brownish-white. Legs: cox and trochanters light yellow; femora, tibx and tarsi yellowish-brown, uniform. Wings: hyaline, stigma pale brown. Abdomen: tergum dark brown, uniform; sternum uniform light yellow. Habitat —Holotype —Female—Totonicipan, Guatemala, Central America (1902), (G. Eisen). Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14933). Near G. cognatella Osten Sacken; differing in coloration, pleural stripes more distinct, etc.; venation (Se very short, etc.). Delicata has Rs rather long, arcuated at its origin with a slight spur; the distance on R from tip of Se to origin of Rs almost as long as Rs itself. GONOMYiA (GONOMYIA) UNICOLOR, new species. Head dark gray; antenne blackish-brown; mesonotum brown; pleure light brown, not striped; legs uniform yellowish-brown; wings hyaline. Male.—Length, 3.9 mm.; wing, 4.6 mm. Female.—Length, 4.8 mm.; wing, 5 mm. Head: rostrum and palpi brown; antennee uniformly dark blackish- brown throughout; front, vertex and occiput uniform blackish-gray. Thorax: mesonotum, prescutum medium brown; pseudosuture prominent, dark brown; scutum similar to the prescutum; scutellum pale, yellowish; post-notum medium brown. Pleure rich light brown, the sternum rather darker. Halteres brown, paler at the extreme base. Legs: coxe, trochanters, femora, tibiz and tarsi, yellowish- brown, unicolorous. Wings: hyaline. (See fig. 15.) Abdomen: tergum medium brown throughout; hypopygium slightly paler; sternum paler, yellowish. Habitat.— Holotype —Female, Aguna, Guatemala, Central America (2,000 feet), (G. Eisen). Allotype—Male, with the type. Para- type—Male and female, with the type. ‘ype.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14934). Three specimens, two from Totonicopan, Guatemala, July, 1902, female and male (G. Eisen), and one from Cérdoba, Mexico (May 8, 1908) (F. Knab), are larger, mesonotum more greyish, pseudosuture and tuberculate pits black, conspicuous and venation slightly different. I believe them to be variations of the species. Length, male 6.1 mm.; female, 7 mm. I have labeled them unicolor, var. 508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 44, Genus SACANDAGA Alexander. Sacandaga ALEXANDER, Ent. News, 1910, pp. 349-352, figs. 1-3; Idem, 1911, pp. 71-73. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SACANDAGA. 1. Length, 5 mm.; wing, 6-7 mm.; color of the body, yellowish; wings, hyaline. jflava Alexander ! (Eastern U. S.). Length, 2.9-4.5 mm.; wing, 4-5 mm.; color of the body, brown; wings, gray. parva, new species (Greater Antilles). SACANDAGA PARVA, new species. Antenne brown; color of body brown; wings gray. Male.—Length, 2.9 mm.; wing, 4mm. Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antennz dark brown, the first flagellar segment elon- gated. Eyes widely separated by the very broad front and vertex; front, vertex, and occiput dark blackish-brown with an indistinct sparse gray bloom. Thorax: pronotum barely visible from above, dark brown, the sides of the scutellum more yellowish; mesonotum, prescutum rather dark brown; space in front of the pseudosuture more yellowish; pseudo-sutural fovea deep, shiny, dark brownish-black, elongate semilunar; tuberculate pits dark brown, far cephalad, nearer the anterior margin of the sclerite than to the pseudo-suture, separated from one another by a distance equal to about one and one-half the diameter of either; scutum, scutellum, and post-notum dark brown, pleure grayish-brown, region about the wing basis yellowish. Hal- teres yellow at basis, stem and knob brownish; stem with long brown hairs. Legs: cox and trochanters dull yellow; femora, tibia, and tarsi dark brown. Wings: gray throughout, costal cell more brownish; veins brown. Venation (see fig. 9): Se quite long, its distance beyond the origin of Rs about two and one-half times the length of cross vein 7—m. Se, rather indistinct, far removed from the tip of Se,. R rather long, however, the tips of R, and R, are much more widely separated than in S. flava. Rs long, gently arcuated; R,,, much longer than cell R,; R, is missing in its distal portion (an abnormity rather than a specific character); R, short, almost perpendicular; cross vein 7—-m and the basal deflection of R,,; subequal. Basal deflection of M,,, practically gone, M being almost in a line with M,,,; second anal long bisinuated. Cell first M, not so regularly hexagonal as in flava, anal angle very prominent. Abdomen: tergum dark brown, sternum brownish-yellow on basal five segments. Female-——Length, 4.6 mm.; wing, 5 mm. Similar but larger; abdominal sternum darker, brown; valves of the ovipositor yellowish. 1 Ent. News, vol. 22, 1910, pp. 349-352, figs. 1-3, male and female. no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINA—ALEXANDER. 509 Habitat.—Holotype-—Male, Yallahs Valley, Blue Mountains, Ja- maica, Feb. 24,1911. Allotype.—Female, San Francisco Mountains, Santo Domingo, Sept. 27, 1905 (Aug. Busck, coll.). Holotype.—In American Museum of Natural History. Allotype.—In U.S. National Museum collection. (No. 14,930). The discovery of this tiny species in the Greater Antilles is interest- ing. Its only known relative, S. flava, was but recently described from the Eastern United States. The present insect is in perfect generic agreement with flava in its shortened antenne, prominent anal angle, sinuosity of second anal, etc. Genus CRYPTOLABIS Osten Sacken. Cryptolabis OSTEN SacKEN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 224; Mono- graphs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 185; Studies, etc., pt. 2, 1887, p. 205. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CRYPTOLABIS. 1. Rs short, so that the cell first R, forms a rough equilateral triangle; Rs shorter than the free portion of M; beyond the deflection of Cu,.-......-.....-...-.-22.. 2: Rs long, so that the cell first R, forms a triangle that is not equilateral; Rs longer than the free portion of M, beyond the deflection of Cu, tropicalis, new species (Central America). 2. Thorax wholly grayish-brown; head dark brown; antennze brown bisinuata Doane! (West. U. 8.). Thorax pale but with three black stripes, the middle one double; head blackish; seritenrien; Dlaeken sf. suv? ose CEN aE ot ye paradoxa Osten Sacken? (East. U. S.). CRYPTOLABIS TROPICALIS, new species. Pale, yellowish-brown; radial sector elongate. Male.—Length, 3-3.8 mm.; wing, 4.4 mm. Head: rostrum and palpi brown; basal segment of the antennz brown, remainder of the antennz.dark brown; eyes elongate-ovate, rather approximated; front brown; vertex narrow between the eyes; vertex and occiput light yellow. Thorax: pronotum light yellow; mesonotum: prescutum light yellowish-brown with an olive tinge; scutum, scutellum, and post- notum yellowish-brown. Pleurz pale whitish-yellow with a light brown line extending from the prosternum obliquely to the base of the halteres. Halteres light yellowish. Legs: coxe, trochanters, femora, tibie, light brownish-yellow, the hind femora lightest yellow; tip of the tibia darker; tarsi light yellowish; segments 4 and 5 darker, brown. Wings hyaline, veins brown, except C, Sc, and R, which are yellow. (See fig. 8.) Abdomen: tergum brown; genital segment light yellow; sternum light yellow. A paratype differs in having the rostrum, palpi and front more yellowish; thoracic dorsum more distinctly tinged with brown; the second paratype has a more reddish tinge to the prescutum. 1 Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 8, pp. 189, 190, pl. 7, fig. 22, male. 2 Monographs, vol. 4, p. 186, pl. 2, fig. 11, male and female. 510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44, Habitat.—Holotype.—Male, Trece Aguas, Cacao, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, April 23, 1906 (Barber and Schwarz, coll.). Para- types.—Two, same locality and collector; April 27. Type.—In U.S. National Museum eollection (No. 14929). Genus MOLOPHILUS Curtis. Molophilus Curtis, British Entomology, 1833, p. 444.—Osten Sacken, Mono- graphs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 162. KEY TO THE NEOTROPICAL SPECIES OF MOLOPHILUS. 1. Color black; fore and hind tibie with long fringes of hairs. thawmastopodus, new species (Brazil). Color light grayish-brown; tibize without conspicuous fringes of hairs. guatemalensis, new species (Central America). MOLOPHILUS THAUMASTOPODUS, new species. Dull greyish-black; fore and hind tibie with long fringes of hair; wings and halteres dark. Female.—Length, 4.2 mm; wing, 4.1 mm.; fore leg, femur, 3 mm; tibia and tarsus, 5 mm.; middle leg, femur, 2.6 mm; tibia and tarsus, 3.7 mm.; hind leg, femur, 4.6 mm; tibia and tarsus, 6 mm.; head: rostrum and palpi brownish-black; antennze dark brown, each seg- ment somewhat paler at the base; antenne rather long, the seg- ments oval, with long blackish hairs. Front, vertex and occiput dull grayish-black. Thorax: dorsum dull grayish-black throughout ; pseudosuture black. Pleure uniform dull blackish. Halteres black, light brown at the base. Foreleg: coxz and trochanters yellowish-brown; femur brown, paler on the basal half, slender basally, stout apically, with long dark brown hairs appressed internally, subappressed externally, tibia slender, dark, blackish, with a patch of white hairs near the base on the outer side; a long fringe of black hairs on the same side, four or five times as long as the diameter of the tibia; tarsus black, segment 1 with the basal half white on the external side; tarsus clothed with long appressed hairs. Middle leg: coxa and trochanter dull yellowish- brown; femora rather uniform dark brown, with long appressed hairs; tibia dark brownish-black, a small white spot on the side near the base; tarsi dark brownish-black, a few white hairs at the base of segment 1. Hind leg: coxa and trochanter dull yellowish-brown; femora paler basally, dark brownish-black on the apical half, very slender at origin, but stout at the tip, at the extreme tip, on the outer side, a patch of white hairs; tibia slender, dark brownish-black, hairs long, appressed on basal third; on apical two-thirds, the hairs stand out straight on four sides, being from seven to eight times as long as the diameter of the tibia; tarsus, segment 1 black, with long black hairs on the outer face, appressed internally; segments two to five with long white hairs externally, short black ones internally. no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINA—ALEXANDER. 511 Wings blackish-gray ; ; veins with long black hairs; venation (see fig. 12); wings metallic in lights. Abdomen: tergum black except the genital segment, which is dark brown; tips of the ovipositor yellow; sternum dark brown. ~ Habitat.—Holotype-—Female, Para, Brazil (No. 6316 on slip) (C. F. Baker, coll.). Paratype.—Female, Igarape Assi, Para, Brazil, Jan. 21, 1912. (H. S. Parish, coll.). Holotype.—In U. S. National Museum collection. (No. 14927). Paratype.—In Cornell University collection. MCOLOPHILUS GUATEMALENSIS, new species. General color light pee brown; antenne rather short, dark brown; legs normal. Male. —Length, 4.8 mm.; wing,5 mm. Head: palpi and rostrum dark brownish black; antenn: dark brown, rather short; front, ver- tex, gene, and occiput uniformly dull gray; hind eee of the head broadly rounded. Thorax: light grayish-brown; mesonotum: prescutum with a row of brown hairs on either side of the median line; pseudo-suture elongate- triangular, dark brown, connected with the lateral margin of the sclerite by a narrow depressed line; tuberculate pits jet black, rather far forward, about midway between the pseudo-suture and the cephalic margin of the preescutum, closely approximated, the distance between them less than the diameter of either one. Scutum grayish; scutellum light yellowish-brown; post-notum grayish. Pleurz gray- ish-blue, darkest on the mesoepipleure. Halteres light yellowish- brown. Feet: coxe and trochanters light yellowish-brown; femora light “brown, darkest apically; tibize yellowish-brown, tip dark brownish- black; tarsi black. Wings: tinged with brown. Abdomen: tergum dark brown clothed with long yellowish hairs; genitalia paler, yellow. Habitat.— Holotype.—Male, Guatemala (probably Guatemala City), Cent. Am.; Sept. 10, 1902 (G. Eisen, coll.). Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14928). Genus HELOBIA Le Peletier. Helobia Le PELETIER, Encycl. Méth., Ins., vol. 10, 1825, p. 585. Symplecta MeIcEN, Syst. Beschr., vol. 6, 1830, p. 282. Idioneura Puturri, Verh. Zodl.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 15, 1865, p. 615. Symplectomorpha Mix, Wien. Ent. Zeitung, vol. 5, 1886, p. 318. In the material from the United States National Museum there were six specimens that I have determined as the almost cosmopolitan species, H. hybrida Meigen. It is very probable that H. macroptera 512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44, Philippi! will prove to be the same species. The data for this material are: Totonicipan, Guatemala, Central America, 1902 (G. Eisen, coll.), 3 males, 2 females. Antigua, Guatemala, Central America, 1 female. Genus ERIOPTERA Meigen. Erioptera Mricen, Illiger’s Magazine, vol. 2, 1803, p. 262. Chemalida RonvANI, Prodromus Dipt. Italicz, vol. 1, 1856, p. 180. Limnxa Ronpanl, Prodromus Dipt. Italice, vol. 1, 1856, p. 181. Tlisia Ronpant, Prodromus Dipt. Italicse, vol. 1, 1856, p. 182. Limnoica Ronvanl, Prodromus Dipt. Italic, vol. 4, 1861, Corrigenda, p. 11. Trichosticha ScHINER, Wien. Ent. Monatschr., vol. 7, 1863, p. 221. Erioptera OstEN SacKkEN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 146. The subgenera of the genus ERIOPTERA Meigen. Zrioptera MriceEn, Illigers Magazine, vol. 2, 1803, p. 262. Cheilotrichia Rossi, Verz. dsterreich. Dipt., 1848, p. 12. Acyphona OstEN SacKEN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 151. Hoplolabis OstEN SacKEN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 152. Mesocyphona Osten SAcKEN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 152. Empeda Osten Sacken, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 183. Of these subgenera, Mesocyphona and Empeda are the only ones definitely known to occur in the Neotropical fauna. The great majority of species fall within the Mesocyphona group, which, in the tropics, shows quite a diversity of wing and leg patterns, The genus will probably prove to be a very extensive one when more extended collections are made. In his Catalogue, E. Lynch Arribalzaga gives Hrioptera ( Mesocy- phona) hirsutipes Macquart, described from tne Canary Islands, and which Osten Sacken placed in Trimiera. There is certainly an error in this determination, and I have emitted the species from the list. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MESOCYPHONA. 1, Wings with dark or liphit'spots— 2... 22 52) Le eee ees » eet aow ae ee 2. Wingeunspotted,, hyaline ‘or mearliy so... 3544-450 ed peers 1s eee eee i i 2. Wings light colored with darker, more or less distinct spots. : Bes Wings dark colored, at least on the cells C, Sc, and R, with lighter spots and dots. 4. 3. Femora, tibiz, and tarsi conspicuously annulated. annulipes Williston (Lesser Antilles, Brazil). Femora, with one subapical ring; tibie and tarsi unicolorous. parva Osten Sacken ? (East. U. §., Brazil). 4, Large species (wing 6 mm. in length). .....-... splendida, new species (C. Amer.). Smaller'species (wing: 4 mim.or less) 0.5 ke eee epainle e cake aie ei eee 5. 5. Centers of cells M, Cu, and A of the wings almost hyaline, colorless. knabi, new species (Mexico). Centers of cells M, Cu, and A of the wings, although paler than cells C, Sc, and R, more or less tinged ‘with gray or brown « Jo nib coc. 5 eect ree eee iene 6. 1 Verh. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 15, 1865, p. 615, pl. 28, fig. 4. 2 Monographs, vol. 4, p. 162, male and female. no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINA—ALEXANDER. 5138 KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MESOCYPHONA—continued- 6. Spots on the wings scanty, twenty or less......... eisent, new species (C. Amer.). ots GR lhe: wine NUMA a ea cleo 2 la2 = nin a rae ehh Sey en Bal ual Ls 7. Mesonotum with a dark line on either side of the pale median vitta; tuberculate Pits Deine ln UHu Mi ateNMNCSES coma asec one ols coe cat oe et oeaee cu ene 8. Mesonotum with three very narrow dark lines; the median one passing between the tuberculate pits................-. costalis, new species (C. Amer., Cuba). 8. Mesonotum clear gray; pleural stripes clear-cut, distinct. distincta Alexander ! (Southwest. U. S8.). Mesonotum yellowish; pleural stripes NOt elear-CUuLs INCISHNeE. =. sash enue 9. 9. Spots on the wings not occurring in the cells; ante with a subapical brown band Eye cae otshates pe nari waite at Uae dulcis Osten Sacken ? (West. U.8.). Spots on the wings numerous inside the cells; femora with a medial and subapical Fononmareanel go: out Apes sshd A la er (caloptera group) 10. 10. Lighter colored northern form; hind femora with the post-medial yellow band as wide as the subapical dark band, caloptera caloptera Osten Sacken * (East. U.S.). Dark southern form; hind femora with the post-medial yellow band much narrower than the subapical dark band, caloptera femoranigra, new subspecies (Cent. Amer.). 11. Femora with a single dark subapical band, immaculata, new species (Mexico, Cent. Amer.). Femora with two dark bands. ..............-. bicinctipes, new species (Brazil). ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) ANNULIPES Williston. Erioptera annulipes Wiuuiston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 294, female— Hunter, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1900, p. 290.—Kerrresz, Catalogus Dip- terorum, vol. 2, 1902, p. 200.—Aupricu, Cat. N. Amer. Dipt., 1905, p. 84.— ENDERLEIN, Zool. Jahrbuch, 1912, pp. 54, 55, fig. G1, female. Male.—Head: rostrum and palpi brown; antennz brown; front, vertex and occiput clear light gray. Thorax: mesonotal prescutum light brown; dorsal stripes very indistinct, close together; pseudosuture shallow, elongate, pale, tuberculate tips black, close together, the space between them about equal to the diameter of one; scutum and post-notum similar to prescutum; scutellum pallid, yellowish, with two indistinct dorsal lines. Pleuree light brown, stripes indistinct, the pale white band between the second and third dark stripe, indistinct, narrow; sternum whitish. Halteres white throughout. Hind leg: coxa and trochanter pale yellow; femur long, white, with four blackish-brown rings, sub- basal, premedian, post-median, and subapical, the last broadest; tibia white with three rings, subbasal, median, and subapical, the last narrowest ; first tarsal segment black at base and tip; segments 3 to 5 all black. Middle leg similar to hind leg, but first femoral band is very small, indistinct, the others gradually wider. Fore leg, similar to hind leg, but only three femoral bands. 1 Psyche, vol. 19, Dec., 1912, pp. 165, 166. 2 Western Diptera, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 198, 199 (April, 1877). 8 Monographs, vol. 4, pp. 161, 162, male and female. 69077 °—Proe.N.M.vol.44—13 83 514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 44. Wings hyaline, costa and subcosta indistinctly dark above the origin of Rs, at Se,, at tip of Se,, tip of R,, and tip of R,; veins com- posing the cord darker. Abdomen: light brown, with a dark median tergal stripe. Allotype.—Male, Aguna, Guatemala, Central America (G. Eisen). One male with the allotype; one female taken at Igarape Assi, Pari, Brazil, January 19, 1912 (Parish, coll.). Ranges from St. Vincent to Brazil. ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) PARVA, var. BRASILIENSIS, new subspecies. Similar to the typical parva of the eastern United States, but much darker in coloration. The color of the body is dark brown, not brownish-yellow, especially pronounced on the abdomen which is uniform in pattern (see fig. 27). Habitat—F ifty-five specimens taken at Igarape Asst, Para, Brazil, from January 19-February 7, 1912 (Parish, coll.). All of this large series were females. Holotype.—Cornell University collection. Paratypes.—In author’s collection, American Museum of Natural History, Academy of Natural Sciences, and U.S. National Museum collections, ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) SPLENDIDA, new species. Large species; wing 6 mm. long; vertex variegated ;*mesonotum pale brownish-gray, bi-vittate dorsally; wing grayish-brown, spotted and dotted with white. Male.—Length, 4 mm.; wing 6 mm. Female.—Length, 4.7 mm.; wing, 6.1 mm. Male.—Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne, second seg- ment oval, tumid, two basal segments brown; flagellum, first five seg- ments cream color; remainder darker, brown. Front brown; vertex pale cream color nearest the eyes, in the center dark brownish-black; occiput and extreme median portion of the vertex grayish-yellow; the dorsal aspect of the head appears to have a dark V on a light ground. Thorax: pronotum broader behind, prolonged cophalad into a long point; scutellum narrow, interrupted medially by a shallow fovea, pale brownish-gray. Mesonotum: prescutum with the tuber- culate pits separated from one another by a distance equal to from one to two times the diameter of either tubercle; pseudosuture present as a deep linear hollow extending from the lateral margin of the sclerite, just above the spiracle, toward the median line; this hollow is broadest at either end, constricted or interrupted near its middle. Prescutum pale brownish-gray; lateral margins dark brown, broadest caudad, confluent in front; a longitudinal xo. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINA—ALEXANDER. 515 stripe on either side of the middle line, this stripe narrow in front, broader behind, continuing almost to the suture, not touch- ing the tuberculate pits; on the side of the sclerite, anterior to the pseudosuture, the ground color is brighter, yellowish; scutum similar in ground color, a forked brown stripe on either side which is a prolongation of the median prescutal stripes; scutellum grayish, paler behind; post notum gray with a brown median stripe; tuber- culate pits and pseudosuture dark brown. Pleure grayish with three oblique brown bands; one (dorsal) passing through the mesothoracic spiracle; the second from the foreleg to the meta-notum; between these two, a yellow line extending from the cervical sclerites caudad; third dark band passes just above the mesocoxa; the second and third stripes delimit a broad, conspicuous, silvery-white area; sternum gray. Halteres light yellow, the knob darker, brownish. Legs: coxa brown; trochanter, paler, yellow; femora yellow with a brown subapical ring; tibia and tarsus light yellow, the apical two tarsal segments darker, brown. Wings: grayish-brown with numerous white spots and dots abundantly sprinkled in all the cells; the larger spots being (1) in base of cells R and M; (2) at the origin of Rs; (3) at Se, extending from the costa to the sector; (4) at the tip of Sc, and (5) along the basal deflection of Cu,, the veins brown except where the spots en- croach upon them where they are yellowish-white. (See fig. 28.*) Abdomen: tergum yellowish-brown, with a narrow black median stripe and a broader lateral one; sternum yellowish. Habitat.—Holotype.—Male, Totonicipan, Guatemala, C. Am.; 1902 (G. Eisen). Allotype-—Female, with the holotype. Paratype—Male, with the holotype. Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14922). ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) KNABI, new species. Vertex grayish-brown, unicolorous; mesonotum dull gray, dorsal stripes very narrow; pleural stripes rather indistinct; apical half of femora dark; costal and sub-costal cells of wing dark with a few large spots. Female.—Length, 4mm; wing,4.2 mm. Head: rostrumand palpi dark brown; antenne uniformally brown; front, vertex and occiput grayish-brown with a darker linear brown spot on vertex. Thorax: pronotum white, the scutellum pale brown on the middle line, giving the appearance of being divided. Mesonotum: pre- scutum dull gray; the extreme lateral margins narrowly white; continued caudad from the end of the prothoracic scutellum; a broad sublateral band beginning near the pseudosuture, continuing caudad, indistinct, brown. The lateral bands on either side of the broad 1 Tn the figure, No. 28, the vein Sc was accidentally omitted, 516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44. medial ground band very narrow, far removed from the tuberculate pits. Tuberculate pits separated from one another by a distance equal to one and one-half the diameter of either; pseudosuture elongate, rather deep; pits and pseudosuture shiny black. The space in front of the pseudosuture pale, whitish. Scutum dull gray with two brown stripes on either side of the middle line, continuations of the prescutal stripes; scutellum pale, grayer anteriorly, a large oval brown medial spot; post-notunr dull gray with a narrow black medial line. Pleural stripes rather indistinct; ground color whitish with two oblique brownish bands, one along the dorsal edge of the epipleural sclerites, the second along the ventral edge of these sclerites; sternum gray with two indistinct brown bands. Halteres pale, knob darker. Legs—Fore: brownish yellow; femora, apical half dark brown with a subapical band of pale yellow hairs; tibia dark basally, remainder of tibia and three basal tarsal segments whitish; two apical tarsal segments brown. Middle: femora, dull yellow with an apical brown band; tibia and tarsi as in the foreleg. Hind: femora, apical half dark brown with a very narrow yellow subapical band; tarsi and tibizw as in the foreleg. Wing: cells A, Cu, M and caudal half of R almost hyaline; cells C, Se and cephalic half of R brown with large spots; one at the base, one at the origin of Rs, one at Sc,, one at cross vein r and fork of Ry3; apices of cells R,, R;, M,, brown; also narrow margins along most of the veins in the caudal half of the wing. (See fig. 25.) Abdomen: brown, apices of the tergal segments paler. Male.—Similar to the female but has a narrow brown line running along the middle of the mesothoracic prescutum, making the thoracic dorsum tri-vittate; this stripe ends far before the suture; the brown on the wings is less extensive, producing a very pale picture. Legs rather darker, especially the middle femora. Habitat.— Holotype.—Female, Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, Mexico (Fredk. Knab). Allotype——Male, Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz, Mexico, December 14, 1907 (F. Knab). Paratype—Sex (?), Acapulco, Mexico (F. Knab). Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14924). ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) EISENI, new species. Vertex variegated; mesonotum light brownish-yellow; pleural stripes rather distinct; wings brownish, the spots only on the veins, few in number (about 16) and subequal. Male.—Length, 3.3-3.6 mm; wing, 3.1-3.2 mm. Female.—Length, 3-3.38 mm; wing, 3.2-3.4 mm. Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne pale yellow throughout; outer margin of the front and vertex along the inner side of the eye, light yellow; rest of the head brown. Thorax: pronotum, scutum light yellow; scutellum pale whitish. Mesonotum: prescutum light brownish-yellow, extreme lateral mar- No. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINE—ALEXANDER. 517 gins of the sclerite white, caudad of this broadly brownish, especially behind; the stripe confluent in front; a rather broad uniform stripe on either side of the middle line; tuberculate pits and pseudosuture very pale, reddish; the pseudo-suture very shallow, not prominent, located in the pale patch between the brown prescutal stripes. Secutum yellowish-brown with four stripes, continuations of the uninterrupted prescutal stripes; scutellum and post-notum yellow- ish-brown, the latter darker medially. Pleure light brown; a narrow white oblique stripe runs from the cervical region back toward the wing-basis; a very broad white area, originating behind the precoxa, running backward obliquely to the halteres, narrowest anteriorly. Sternum pale greyish-brown with a pale stripe across the post and meso cox. Halteres white except the knob, which is darker. Legs: coxe and trochanters white; femora pale yellowish, palest at the extremities, with an indistinct brown subapical ring; tibie and tarsi pale yellowish-white, last two tarsal segments darker. Wings: costal, subcostal, and radial cells brown; median, cubital and anal cells grey; about sixteen large rounded spots on the wing arranged about as follows: (1), in base of cell R; (2), under origin of Rs; (3), at Sc,; (4), at tip of Sc,; (5), at tip of R,; (6), at fork of R,.3; (7), several confluent along the cord; (8), at the tip of each of the longitudinal veins; (9), at fork of M,,,, and (10), in cell R;. (See fig. 26.) . Abdomen: brown with an indistinct darker median line on the tergum. Habitat.— Holotype-—Male, Aguna, Guatemala, Central America (2,000 feet) (G. Eisen). Allotype—Female, with the type. Para- types.—Three males, three females with the type. Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14923). ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) COSTALIS, new species. Vertex unicolorous, clear brown; mesonotum clear brown, narrowly trivittate; pleural stripes indistinct. Legs pale except a narrow subapical band on femora; costal and subcostal cells of wings dark with a few small dots. Male.—Length, 2.8mm.; wing,2.9mm. Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne, front, vertex and occiput clear light brown. Thorax: pronotum light yellow, the scutellum rather darker me- dially. Mensonotu: prescutum uniformly light brown with three very narrow indistinct dark brown lines, the medial one beginning at the cephalic margin of the sclerite, continuing backward, passing between the tuberculate pits; lateral stripes indistinct at the ends, strongly bent proximad near the middle by the pseudosuture. Tuber- culate pits separated from one another by a distance equal to one and one-half the Wiameter of either; pits black; pseudosuture elongate 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 44, deep, pale reddish; scutum grayish brown, trivittate; scutellum, gray, broadly two-striped; post-notum dark. Pleure uniformly light brown without conspicuous stripes. Halteres pale, knob brown. Legs: brownish yellow, a narrow dark subapical ring on the femora. Wings: cells C and Se rather dark brown, with a few small incon- ‘spicuous dots; caudal cells pale, subhyaline. The picture of the wing is that of a dark costal area and the remainder of the wing pale. (See fig. 24.) Abdomen: yellowish brown, a median tergal stripe, broadest on the first segment; lateral margin of the tergites darker. Female.—Length, 5.7 mm; wing, 4.3 mm. Larger, the caudal cells of the wing darker, numerously dotted and sprinkled with paler. Habitat.— Holotype.—Male, Aguna, Guatemala, C. Am. (G. Eisen, coll.). Allotype.—Female, Cayamas, Cuba. March 18 (KE. A. Schwarz); (in house). Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14925). ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) CALOPTERA Say; FEMORANIGRA, new subspecies. Like caloptera Say in its variegated vertex, yellowish mesonotum, wing pattern, etc., but much darker in coloration, especially in the posterior femora. Prescutal pits separated by a distance not greater than the diame- ter of one; located on the proximal edge of the dorsal thoracic stripes, these stripes as wide as, or wider than, the pale dorsal median stripe; hind femora largely black, the yellow being confined to the extreme tip, the base, and a narrow post medial ring. This subspecies is closely allied to the more northern caloptera in its coloration and structure; the indistinct brown pleural stripes, the ‘shape and position of the prescutal stripes, the wing pattern, etc. A notable and apparently constant difference, however, is in the posterior femora which are mostly black in the tropical form, the antepenultimate (yellow) rmg bemg narrower than the penulimate (black) ring, and other clearly defined differences. In some speci- mens the last black ring is continued to the tip of the femur, obliter- ating the yellow apex of the segment. ‘This is apparently merely a dark southern form of the species. Habitat.— Holotype.—Female, Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, May 2, 1910; (P. P. Calvert) (in house). Paratypes.—Three females, with the type. Type.—In Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) IMMACULATA, new species. Vertex brown anteriorly, more yellow behind; mesonotum grayish- yellow, stripes broad; pleural stripes distinct; femora with a narrow sub-apical band; wings unspotted no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINA—ALEXANDER. 519 Male.—Length, 2.3 mm; wing, 2.9 mm. Female.—Length, 2.2-3.4 mm.; wing, 3.9-4 mm. Head: rostrum and palpi brown; antenne, two basal segments dark brown, flagellum brown with pale hairs; front and vertex brown, the caudal portion of the vertex and the occiput dull yellow. Thorax: pronotum light yellow above, on sides deep brownish- black forming a U-shaped mark around the scutum. Mesonotum: extreme lateral edges of the prescutum pale white, pale median stripe rather broad, grayish-yellow, pale lateral stripes, strongly tinged with brown, the usual brown stripes, broad, distinct; scutum brownish-yellow with four brown stripes; scutellum pale; post- notum pale, darker caudad. Tuberculate pits dark brown, sepa- rated from one another by a distance equal to from one and one-half to two times the diameter of either. Pseudosuture rather deep, elongate, broadest at the proximal end, pale brown. Pleurze with distinct alternate dark and pale stripes, there being three brown and two pale, the second pale band is broad, silvery white; sternum dull gray. Halteres pale, knob brown. Legs: coxa grayish; trochanter yellow; femora dark yellow with a narrow brown subapical ring; tibiz and tarsi yellow, the tarsal segments 3 to 5 darker, brownish. Wings: hyaline unmarked; veins brown; costa more yellowish; an indication of darker along vein Cu. (See fig. 20.) Abdomen: tergum dark brown, with no distinct darker median stripe; sternum brown. Habitat.—Holotype.—Male, Bluefield, Nicaragua, November, 1900 (L. A. Wailes). Allotype.—Female, Cordoba, Mexico, December 25, 1907 (F. Knab). Paratypes.—One female, one male, Aguna, Guate- mala (D. G. Eisen); one female, Cérdoba, Mexico, December 23, 1907 (F. Knab). Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14926). The Guatemalan specimens are very small, but undoubtedly belong to the same species. ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) BICINCTIPES, new species. Resembles E£. immaculata of Mexico and Central America in its unspotted wings. It differs as follows: Flagellum of the antenne much lighter colored (yellow) than the brown scape. Thorax: pronotum light colored (whitish) with a V-shaped mark on the scutum, very conspicuous. Mesonotum: yellowish, brown stripes not clear cut. Femora with the usual subapical brown band and with a subequal post-median band, this latter marking less strongly indicated on the forelegs. Ten specimens, one male, nine females. 520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 44. Habitat.— Holotype.—Male, Igarape Assu, Pard, Brazil, January 25, 1912 (Parish Coll.). Allotype. —Female, with the type, cy cana i, 1912. Paratypes.—Kight females, with the type. Type.—In Cornell University collection. Paratypes in author’s collection. ERIOPTERA (EMPEDA) NIGROLINEATA Enderlein. Empeda nigrolineata ENDERLEIN, Zodl. Jahrb., vol. 32, 1912, pp. 56, 57, fig. H?. The species is allied to E. stigmatica Osten Sacken, especially in the variety pubescens. This race differs in having the pubescence of the wing, lack of the stigmal spot, and in color. Typical nigrolineata can not be mistaken for stigmatica by its very striking coloration. A redescription of typical nigrolineata, based on forty specimens, is as follows: Male.—Length, 3-3.3 mm.; wing, 4.8-5 mm. Female.—Length, 3.9-5 mm.; wing, 5.1-6 mm. Head: rostrum and palpi dull yellow, the latter more brownish; antenns brown; front, vertex, and occiput brown, the vertex paler, yellow, in the vicinity of the eyes. Thorax: light reddish-brown with a dark brownish-grey median stripe, broadest on the pronotum, where the whole sclerite is included, narrowing behind, becoming indistinct before the suture. Tuber- culate pits close together, separated by a distance about equal to the diameter of one; pseudo-suture pale, reddish, shiny. Lateral margins of the prescutum pale yellow, scutum, scutellum and post-notum light reddish-brown. Pleure yellow, with a faint bluish tinge; no stripes. Haltere light yellow, knob slightly darker, brownish. Legs dull yellow, the tarsi darker, yellowish-brown. Wings hyaline; veins light brownish-yellow. Abdomen: light yellowish-red, base darker, brown; hypopygium yellow. I have had for study a series of 49 specimens from the United States National Museum collection. These were collected by G. Eisen, Totonicipan, Guatemala, Central America, July, 1902. Forty of these are referable to typical nigrolineata; nine are referable to the following variety: ERIOPTERA NIGROLINEATA, var. PUBESCENS, new subspecies. The head above is uniformly light grey, the dark stripe of the throacic dorsum broad, on the prescutum expanded out over the entire sclerite with the exception of the anterior margin and the space in front of the pseudo suture. Pleurse greyish with an indistinct broad yellowish stripe above the foreleg and running caudad beyond the wing basis; wings strongly tinged with yellow at the bases; a distinct, though sparse, pubescence in all of the cells of the wings. no.1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINAI—ALEXANDER. 521 Genus SIGMATOMERA Osten Sacken. Sigmatomera OstEN SAcKEN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, pp. 137, 188. 1. Cell first M, distinct; brown crossband on the wing narrow, confined to the cord (Mesicg). 25) ane Meee Re ea PTE flavipennis Osten Sacken.! 2. Cell first M, not distinct (cross vein m obliterated); brown crossband broad; base and tip of the wing brown (Brazil)...............----- amazonica Westwood.” No representatives of this genus were included in the material studied. Genus GNOPHOMYIA Osten Sacken. Gnophomyia OsTEN SacKkEN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 228. Furina Jmnnicxe, Abhandl. Senckenb, Ges., vol. 6, 1867, p. 318—OsTEN SacKkEN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 172; Studies, etc., pt. 2, 1887, p. 198. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GNOPHOMYIA. iL, Cross Vein me absent. <2. 222-2252 bot cs aperta Coquillett? (S. W. Canada). Crags Velie PIeseMinegs ase PAINE CLE IM Siete ool. ss a anaes 2. 2, Wings uniform in coloration without dark fascize ..........--.-..-.---------+- 2. Wings light colored with dark fascize, or dark colored with white fascia ....... 9. 3. Wings strongly tinged with blackish or dark brown, uniform. ...........-.----- 4, Wines subliyaline, or very slightly darker.2..5- 25. 20.5. asasc-