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' ’ “ i) ye 2 . : : As i 7 ie ¥ ' bs t t { ; ‘ i “ i 1 ‘iy r ' . F 7 ‘s 1 my 1 % a tye ‘ P . t ai . ‘ 4 t 2. TY ah xh : * ‘ \ Bl : in t e mm % rT i . “ . * ‘ P 4 uy ' ‘ ’ * 5 4 A rt q . ¥ ‘ ‘ * ’ y '% ; 4 x. an ~~ Aa ‘ ey Ws f Wx “ v5 r 4 y Co i he Ps) STs . Sea oe ae JIL / (M | SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION . UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE a UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 49 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFIOE 1916 ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two series—Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to libraries and scientific establishments, and, in view of the importance of the more prompt dissemination of new facts, a limited edition of | each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of the volume. The present volume is the forty-ninth of this series. The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of more elaborate papers, issued separately, and, like the Proceedings, based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the “Special Bulletin,” has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed | indispensable. Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as “Contributions from the National Herbarium,’ and containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. RIcHARD RATHBUN, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, m charge of the United States National Museum. Marcu, 4, 1916. II Os ‘ yin SON lan % FEBIL 4°57 So LIBRARY A ARYA ee Te Bia, OF CONT iN Tis. Atpricu, Joan Merton. The dipterous genus Symphoro- myia in North America. No. 2099. July 16, 1915%-_--- New species: Symphoromyia barbata, S. inurbana, S. inquisitor, S. kineaidi, S. montana, S. pilosa, S. plumbea, 8S. sackent. ALEXANDER, CHARLES Paut. On a collection of Javanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera) in the United States Na- tional Museum. No. 2103. August 13, 1915'___-_---- New genus: Rhampholimnobia. New species: Dicranomyia albitarsis, D. atrescens, D. erythrina, D. excelsa, D. simplissima, D. carneotincta, Geranomyia linearis, G. javanica, Libnotes montivagans, L. nigricornis, Rhamphidia (Rhamphidia) apicalis, Rhampholimnobia reticularis, Antocha javanensis, Atarba javanica, Gonomyia (Gonomyia) bryanti, Mon- goma saucia, Limnophila amica, L. palmeri, Ula javanica, Stiba- docera metallica, Tipula umbrinoides, T. sunda, T. flavicosta, T. tjibodensis, T. salakensis, T. gedehicola. New subgenus: Eurhamphidia. New subspecies: Pachyrrhina immaculata pangerangensis. Banta, ArtHUR M., and Ross AiKEN GortNER. An albino salamander, Spelerpes bilineatus. No. 2112. August 31, eer See Celok oS Ge ee le eR) eet Bartscnu, Paut. The Philippe land shells of the genus Semstoloma. No. 2104. duly 24, 19157) 022 22 te New subgenus: Hololoma. New subspecies: Schistoloma (Schistoloma) alia mindoroensis, S. (S.) alta rom lonensis, S. (S.) alta sibuyanensis, S. (S.) alta pygmaea, S. (S.) megregori tablasensis, S. (S.) megregori webbi, S. (Holo- loma) quadrasi coronensis. The recent and fossil mollusks of the genus Ris- soina from the west coast of America. No. 2094. July iain Sakae 9) a idnopnt ya New species: Rissoina excolpa, R. gisna, R. favilla, R. mazatlanica, R. helena, R. io, R. dina, R. peninsularis, R. adamsi, R. town- sendi, R. barthelowi, R. lapazana, R. histia, R. burraget, R. nereina, R. pleistocena, R. californica, R. mexicana, R. cleo, R. cerrosensis, R. dalli, R. coronadensis. New name: Rissoina signae. 1 Date of publication. Page. 113-142 157-193 377-379 195-204 33-62 lt IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. Bretore, THEoporE T. Descriptive catalogue of the Wash- ington relics in the United States National Museum. No. 9092. October 19, 19151_.--.-------------------+--- Brertow, Henry B. Eperetmus, a new genus of Trach- omeduse. No. 2114. August 31, 1915*-------------- New genus: Eperetmus. New species: Eperetmus typus. Casanowrcz, I. M. A colored drawing of the Medeba mosaic map of Palestine in the United States National Museum. No. 2111. August 23, 1915*--------------- Caupett, A. N. Notes on some United States grasshoppers of the family Acrididae. No. 2093. June 12, 19157 S26 New genera: Xeracris, Coniana, Heliaula, Aeoloplides. New species: Coniana snowt. New variety: Boopedon nubilum, var. maculata. New name: Melanoplus muitatus. The genera of the Tettiginiid insects of the sub- family Rhaphidophorinae found in America north of Mexico. No. 2130. January 7, 1916°---------------- New genera: Rhachocnemis, Cnemotettix. New species: Gammarotettix genitalis, Ceuthophilus genitalis, Pristo- ceuthophilus cercalis, Phrixocnemis longispinosus, P. obesus, P. oregonensis, Cnemotettix pulvillifer. CocxereLL, T. D. A. British fossil insects. No. 2119. December 11,°1915.1.'-. 3. - =<... <- 53 5-5-3255 Soe New genera: Eospilopteron, Nematophlebia, Meshemipteron, Proto- cuneus, Phanerogramma, Philoponites, Schizoneurites, Paltosto- mopsis, Bibiodites, Protoberis, Stenomyttes. New species: Eospilopteron ornatum, Locustopsis lacoei, Haglopsis brodici, Nematophlebia plicata, Meshemipteron incertum, Proto- cuneus punctatus, Elaterophanes acutus, Pseudotelephorus punctu- latus, P. grandis, Holcoptera confluens, Glaphyroptula anglica, Philoponites clarus, Aneurhynchus conservatus, Ponera hypolitha, Dolichoderus britannicus, D. anglicus, D. ovigerus, Leptothorax gurnetensis, Oecophylla atavina, O. perdita, O. megarche, Necropsylla anglica, Psylla exhumata, Schizoneurites brevirostris, Culex proto- lepis, C. protorhinus, C. petrifactellus, Paltostomopsis ciliatus, Mycetophila vectensis, Sciara gurnetensis, S. lacoei, S. proto- beridis, Tipula limiformis, Atarba vectensis, Bibiodites confluens, Psychoda primaeva, Protoberis obliteratus, Stratiomys brodiet, Ephydra oligocena, E. sepulia, Hippelates brodiet, S phaerocera sepultula, Stenomyites fuscipennis, Megalestes anglicus. 1 Date of publication. Page. 1-24 399-404 359-376 25-31 655-690 469-499 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Dati, Witt1am Hearey. A review of some bivalve shells of the group Anatinacea from the west coast of America. Maen ta. November 2/, 19157... ee ke ok New species: Thracia beringi, T. challisiana, T. diegensis, T. colpoica, Cyathodonta dubiosa, C. lucasana, C. pedroana, C. galapagana, C. cruziana, Kennerlyia granulata, K. converxa, K. patagonica, Coelodon radians, Foveadens panamensis, Lyonsia fretalis. New name: Lyonsia gouldii. ——— Notes on the species of the molluscan subgenus Nucella inhabiting the northwest coast of America and adjacent regions. No. 2124. December 11, 19151__-_--- New varieties: Thais lamellosa franciscana, T. 1. hormica, T. l. nep- tunea, T. l. cymica, T. 1. sitkana, T. canaliculata compressa, T. emarginata projecta. Dopps, G. S. Descriptions of two new species of Ento- mostraca from Colorado, with notes on other species. dee Aeast 13, 1915" New species: Streptocephalus coloradensis, Diaptomus arapahoensis. Evans, Artuur T. A collection of amphibians and rep- tiles from Gogebic County, Michigan. No. 2109. July eet Maer ero oe tS AU eS ais te Ganan, A. B. A revision of the North American Ichneu- mon-flies of the subfamily Opiinae. No. 2095. August Si TG URS tea OE New genus: Allobracon. New species: Opius melleus, O. ferrugineus, O. flaviceps, O. vierecki, O. brunneitarsis, O. crassiceps, O. cincticornis, O. fuscipennis, O. canaliculatus, O. mandibularis, O. foersteri, O. coloradensis, O. rufo- cinctus, O. apicalis, O. ehrhorni, O. commodus, O. siriativentris, O. gracillariae, O. americanus. GitmorE, CHARLES W. A new restoration of Stegosaurus. Pha aro auewsi 25, toro e ls Oe eke - On the fore limb of Allosaurus fragilis. No. 2120. CIEE at Rk ek ee eo ew eee Osteology of Thescelosaurus, an orthopodous dino- saur from the Lance formation of Wyoming. No. 2127. Serato ee ee Oke GortNER, Ross AIKEN. See Banta, Arthur M_____-_-_---- 1 Date of publication. Page. 441-456 557-572 97-102 351-354 63-95 355-357 501-513 591-616 377-379 vI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Hansen, H. J. The Euphausiacean crustaceans of the “Albatross”? Expedition to the Philippmes. No 2129. pamuary IA AGT Gee es 2 aca IE 2 ea eee New species: Ewphausia fallax, Nematoscelis lobata. Hay, Ortver P. A contribution to the knowledge of the extinct Sirenian Desmostylus hesperus Marsh. No. 2113. AUPUST BONG oat glee he See ee New family: Desmostylide. Hinxiey, ANson A. New fresh-water shells from the Ozark Mountains.” “No. 2126; . December 23; 19151. .2 0 22a es. New species: Anculosa arkansensis, Pyrgulopsis ozarkensis, Soma- togyrus crassilabris. Houuster, N. The genera and subgenera of raccoons and thew allies.’ No:.2100;; Aupust 13,1915 Ae iss fe” Be New genus: Nasuella. KENNEDY, CLARENCE Hamitton. Notes on the life history and ecology of the dragonflies (Odonata) of Washington ana:Orecon.. iNor2107.°- July28, A915 to a2 es New species: Argia emma. Mattocnu, J. R. Flies of the genus Agromyza, related to Agromyza virens. No. 2097. July 24, 19151+_.__..-.-- New species: Agromyza riparia, A. subvirens, A. gibsont, A. eupa- torie, A. coniceps. — Notes on the flies of the genus Pseudodinia, with description of a new species. No. 2101. July 16, 1915 ?- New species: Pseudodinia polita. Marsu, C. Dwieut. A new crustacean, Diaptomus vir- giniensis, and a description of Diaptomus tyrelli Poppe. No: 217 “December tt. floss oo re OCU oe New species: Diaptomus virginiensis. MarsHati, Witt1amM B. Three new species of Anodontites from Brazil. No. 2122. December 11919151___... 2 -- New species: Anodontites salmonea, A. darochai, A. aurora. MERRILL, GeorGE P. Notes on the composition and struc- ture of the Indarch, Russia, meteoric stone. No. 2098. uly 24, 19154... | elena Page. 635-654 381-397 587-589 143-150 259-345 103-108 151-152 457-462 527-529 109-112 1 Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS. MERRILL, GEoRGE P. Report on some carbonic acid tests on the weathering of marbles and limestones. No. 2108. July 26, 1915! OBERHOLSER, Harry C. A synopsis of the races of the crested tern, Thalasseus bergii (Lichtenstein). No. 2121. peormeen eG, HOLES toe Sacus ee ede etiaet osalchs New subspecies: Thalasseus bergii halodramus. ——— Critical notes on the subspecies of the spotted owl, Strix occidentalis (Xantus). No. 2106. July 26, 1915 1- Pearse, A. S. An account of the crustacea collected by the Walker Expedition to Santa Marta, Colombia. No. pie sp becomber 23, FON5 Fe 6a he ee be ee se ea ees New genus: Minca. New species: Cubaris brevispinis, Minca ruthveni, Sphaeroniscus gaiget, S. colombiensis, Ligyda richardsonae. Rouwer, S. A. Descriptions of new species of Hymenop- teen. Bot 2805) dalychGA 1915 tsdiged. ssool sium. ne New genera: Cimbicisoma, Xylocelia. New species: Emphytina vanduzeei, Dimorphopteryx coloradensis, Tenthredella turneri, Pachyprotasis brunettii, Pontania amentivora, Pteronidea aceris, Lygaeonematus robinsonae, Croesus castaneae, Euura cosensit, Cimbicisoma dendrobii, Pezoporus (Schenkia) tenthredinarum, Lagarotis diprioni, L. virginianus, Homalomma caliroae, H. eriocampoides, H. pteronideae, Gnesia caliroae, Poly- terus caliroae, Exenierus diprioni, Moerophora neoclyti, Amersibia prionoxysti, Scambus evetrivorus, Camposcopus aclerivora, Apan- teles (Apanteles) sibinidis, A. (Protapanteles) phobetri, Gnamptodon nepticulae, Phanerotoma laspeyresia, Bassus coleophorae, Micro- bracon coleophorae, M. hemimenae, Trissomalus fulvicornis, Elis xanthonotus, Campsomeris (Campsomeris) pyrura, Ceropales neomexicana, Batazonus hookeri, B. mundiformis, Odynerus (Stenodynerus) blawus, O. (S.) odontoschius, O. (S.) anacardivora, O. margaretellus, Psen (Mimesa) modesta, Larropsis gracilis, L. dolosana, Pison aureosericeum, P. (Parapison) erythrogastrum, Nysson (Bathystegus) basirufus, Cerceris margaretella. New variety: Odynerus (Stenodynerus) odontoschius, var. dichrous. New name: Blennocampa assamensis. SNYDER, JOHN OTTERBEIN. Notes on a collection of fishes made by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns from rivers tributary to Vil Page. 347-349 515-526 251-257 531-556 205-249 the Gulf of California. No. 2125. December 23, 19151. 573-586 New species: Notropis mearns?. 1 Date of publication. VIIt TABLE OF CONTENTS. TowNsENnD, CHartes H. T. Diagnoses of new genera of Muscoid flies founded on old species. No. 2128. January page. HEROD es eee are 3 Ee a GI ee Ie i ik ee ee New genera: Alelecephala, Microcalliphora, Euamphibolia, Micro- senotainia, Parametopia, Nasonimyia, Patelloa, Eugaediopsis, Chaetogaediopsis, Eugaedia, Oedematocera, Phyllophorocera, Mur- dockiana, Pseudosiphona, Siphonopsis, Phylacteropoda, Nephop- teropsis, Lophosiocera, Euthryptocera, Chaetostigmoptera, Slosson- aemyia, Euchaetophleps, Urophyllopsis, Tortriciophaga, Phytoad- montia, Uromacquartia, Ictericophyto, Iconomedina, Pyraustomyia, Xanthophyto, Leskiopsis, Sipholeskia, Myobiopsis, Leskiopalpus, Parademoticus, Hinea, Peleteriopsis, Ocypteropsis, Ocypterodes, Neodionaea, Paradionaea, Neopsalida, Parapsalida, Odontosoma, Oedematopteryx, Trichoclytia. New species: Peleteriopsis tegulata. —— New neotropical Muscoid flies. No. 2115. Novem- MOODS ON 2 ess POC eS ie Re he 2 en ee New genera: Paramyocera, Punaclisia, Dolichamobia, Punasarcoph- aga, Punaphyto, Plagimasicera, Protogoniopsis, Echinomasicera, Belvosiomima, Calpodomyia, Neometachaeta, Pseudeuantha, Min- thopsis, Neominthopsis, Epiphanocera, Rhombothyriops, Lachnom- mopsis, Hypochaetopsis, Chaetophlepsis, Micronychiops, Oestrogas- tropsis, Oestrogastrodes, Argyreomyia, Exoristopsis, Zygofrontina, Punamyia, Parepalpodes, Euepalpodes, Agicuphocera, Neoarchytas, Makasinocera, Anemorilla, Acemyiopsis, Odmeigenia, Chrysoexor- ista, Microplagia, Sphalloglandulus, Siphopsalida, Ectophasiopsis. New species: Paramyocera discalis, Punaclista setosa, Dolichamobia auromaculata, Punasarcophaga auromaculata, Punaphyto tridens, Plagimasicera petiolata, Protogoniopsis arida, Echinomasicera hys- tric, Belvosiomima fosteri, Calpodomyia linearis, Neometachaeta polita, Pseudeuantha linellii, Minthopsis vittata, Neominthopsis discalis, Epiphanocera costalis, Rhombothyriops elegans, Lachnom- mopsis armata, Hypochaetopsis chaetosa, Chaetophlepsis tarsalis, Micronychiops aurescens, Oestrogastropsis mexicana, Oestrogastrodes similis, Argyreomyia busckti, Exoristopsis setifera, Zygofrontina capitis, Punamyia transitionalis, Parepalpodes rimacensis, Euepal- podes arcuatus, Agicuphocera nigra, Neoarchytas inambarica, Maka- sinocera unguis, Anemorilla rufescens, Acemyiopsis punensis, Odmeigenia chosica, Chrysoexorista viridis, Microplagia niiens, Sphalloglandulus unicus, Siphopsalida meridionalis, Ectophasiopsis chilensis. Wuerry, Evcar T. A peculiar oolite from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. No. 2102. August 13, 19151_.__._.-.-. 153-156 — Notes on Allophanite, Fuchsite, and Triphylite. No. 2118., November 27,19152 2 -:. eerie ne eee 1 Date of publication. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Facing page 1. Plaster statue of Washington, by Ferdinand Pettrich...................- 24 2. Plaster statue of Washington, by William R. O’Donovan.........-..-..-- 24 3. Plaster copy of Houdon’s bust of Washington................-.-.-------- 24 4, Miniature portraits of Gen. and Mrs. Washington. ............-..-------- 24 See WALBU ON MITRE 6. 225 oS. Sc TS k Sea cs pee ee UNG so bua s Selelet 24 RI ate CA eC MAN) fe ee oe it See eS ota Neen Dole SCE SUA eos 24 7. Silver-plated wall-bracket lamps and brass candelabrum...........-..-.-- 24 Pever-pintou Couple laiap ss! oles. ec foe ea on Pee he ae tees a 24 pereiver juiced. kiives and forks 222: osc. ote es oe geen eee Wee 24 10. Silver-plated tray, table coasters, saltcellars, and cake basket.......-.-.--- 24 See EVER PEtOOMETY Gch sc 2 ous eee bs pies Je osui, SOP oon ue nem oe 24 SeaW DOOEH: Leds). oss Oe bee ed l ie SE AE odes emer Se RbG rode Syn Not Ae 24 DREISER i tose eu tole nea eee sth se booed oak ye eteale 24 SRNR TRSELCCRIBELD, PIER LONG se aa eco =. ae. t 1 Mee ie ene = bnew aes scape a aro 24 i.) Canton-china bowls' and water bottle: . . 2.205. 20.2. lon pec ak es eben es 24 REPRE ORME Pen SHH UPN. kc Uy WW oo ay 2 deep = daycare s 24 SE PRIA A yee ears aI Ne AS a cee, SEL eae We aia 24 Ree RC eri asWaree © eso. ee ae RH ORES oe aes = 24 Soar a rinikine Masses, | oe. aides Adee OR. cee ud. eon teeta oe 24 iPne MORNE y REGTIES|.. os Seis. Soe Le 22 tacks). boo ele gon 24 21. Roll and muster of Washington’s Guard, 1782............-..------+-+----- 24 Preamp siend cheat anid combemis. 2222250... 2.222282) se ae Soe 24 Sev EVEL B COMPARES. sore or ASSL ero cece) Sa Pee e Se ae an aul he see te Leake cite 24 Panne feicieks HAUL Cesena St See Se ee ck Cee wees REM Bewe 4 apne cemeiefa che 24 eer GEC NVELIMM CASES aos oes MRM Sse UN ows cca wae Galicia as 24 26. English keyed zither presented by Washington to ‘‘Nelly”’ Custis........- 24 27. Furniture owned by Washington at Mount Vernon......................- 24 2. svecent and fossil West American Rissoinas..........-....0--25---+---502 62 29. Recent and fossil West American Rissoinas...........-..----2.-----2-220- 62 30. Recent and fossil West American Rissoinas..........-...----.0------2200 62 31. Recent and fossil West American Rissoinas...............--.-------2-++:- 62 32. Recent and fossil West American Rissoinas..............-..----0-2-2-200 62 33. Recent and fossil West American Rissoinas.........-....--.------------+- 62 34. Details of Braconidae of the subfamily Opiinae..............--.--.------ 96 35. Wings of the Braconidae of the subfamily Opiinae...............-...--.-- 96 36. Details of Agromyza species, pupae, and imagines......................-- 108 ne indarch unia meteoric stone: ==. 2.50.0 Ee. eI 112 So eb OL Nvasucna (1) and Wasue (2).2. 2.2 eS ee Shs oe SP 150 See oun rae OF Laue yoRIdae > {seo nse O Th sete hey S 150 40. Cross sections of Oolite rock from Bethlehem, Pa...................--.:-- 156 41. Sections showing structural details in Oolite from Bethlehem, Pa.......-. 156 mv eratvon-of Javanese crane flies. (0.22922 2 Nolet eee 194 PoUVenanOm Of Javanese crane files!) 20. O00 ees leek 194 ee VEE OT AN ACKS Crane fiesey 25 26. OS Pn es oes 194 45. Venation Of Javanese crane flies 2: 22202252 Se eee ee. 194 ».4 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing page. 46:)\Veration of Javeneso erane fites! 2222. fee. c ees wecte wo on ta foe eee ee ee 194 47. Antennal and hypopygial structures of Javanese crane flies............... 194 48. Hypopygial structures of Javanese crane flies.................-------000- 194 49. Hypopygial structures of Javanese crane flies.................-----e000-- 194 50. Hypopygial structures of Javanese crane flies.................-..---.---- 194 51. Philippine land shells of the genus Schistoloma..........-.-...-.---.----- 204 52 Modeloraregosaurus stenops Maran. 22a: 4a suk oe Ue a oe ee 358 Ba. Khe Medeba mosaic map or Palestine:> 2.2. cece oes onc ae ce ee eee 376 Bae AEs Peler pes VUINEULUS. .o.- 02 tet clini eiee ae cee om Saat ee coe Salto ance 55. Normal Spelerpes bilineatus..........------ SRO Se NB BE) hw ae 380 56. Skull of Desmostylus hesperus Marsh......-. A PAA MENARD, tad FF oo 398 By cp kill or pesnostylus hesperus Marsh. 002 8 os et eo ee ee 398 58. Skull and teeth of Desmostylus hesperus Marsh....-.....----.---- bapa 6 398 59. Eperetmus, a new genus of Trachomedusae. ......-.....-.--------+-----=- 404 Pte brimanrosde INSCCIS. 022 0. Sooo eee cee ce owas tase fda Soc tay ae es 500 Gio MaritaserrOnetl WHEE CTS 0 ujs pits onc Sie eal eee le ee ome ey Sek oho nen 500 Gop MiShOSSILIMSECIS.....4c5 05256. cere ss See ae eries sores ete Kaiten i 6 500 Gsocbritish fossil wpsects. -. 2:2. .c.2 250.526 MSc ts AY Tes 20h bee 500 6. (British fossil insects... --... 2 2... unis = SOT ROR OOhrs Sine 5° tt 500 652 ‘Britash. fossil insects... =... ..-- isles Syste a dies auaia'd ed gos oc 500 66. Ranges of the subspecies of Thalasseus bergu...........-.--------------- 526 Gs RA NOGOILECS: SUMMON COs. orainiaisorojn ove ien iat oe = oie < Rye ie Soe cae Sates S cette ee 530 Gee A MOGONTICE:-COTOCUON 2). rota ert me ra sie agalee ola Be pa ae ae Oe 530 GORPATIONORIMCR CUTONO so wine Sie Soles ook ota hee dee ek ee eee coe eee 530 BUS ME REUMOLPOLD RUBE PIEOTSCD sc 2. ciarcl hn ake on Sy Melatce He eel a ea as Scones eine 556 RAE SCAUAOCIREL DIRUSO CHUUSE 3) iar 0 Escia aia, tonto Sos pin ty eg oe eel eee 556 Wake PSeulov elie ON UU a ins a cid ape 2 rakes me he a oan Sen aio 556 Tae EP SEUOOCRELDNUSE TULIVENE « «cin we 221 a Safa eRe Sins oye, aieesn Reha i oe 556 74. Thais (Nucella) canaliculata and T. (N.) lamellosa..........--...--------- 572 75.. Thais (Nucetla) emarginata and T. CN.) lima... <2: -25 20... 2... ee 76. Osteology of dishes: >)... 5.'c Restoration Ob 7 Rescelosaunus Tq lectUs oof. ociaia oie ota 5 orate sim ae =e cleats ate 616 82. Restoration of the skeleton of Hypsilophodon fowii.......----------------- 616 83. Euphausiacean crustaceans from the Philippine Islands. ......-.------.- 654 TEXT FIGURES. Page. Streptocephalus coloradensis. Head of male......--..-.-------------+--+------ 98 Streptocephalus coloradensis. Head of female. ...-.-..-.-------------------- 98 Diaptomus arapahoensis. Abdomen of female. ....-..---.------------------ 99 Diaptomus arapahoensis. Last three segments of right antenna of male......-- 100 Diaptomus arapahoensis. Fifth foot of female.........----.----------------- 100 Diaptomus arapahoensis. Fifth feet of female.-..-..----.-----.------------- 101 Diaptomus lintoni. Last three segments of male right antenna, showing the two extremes of the appendage of the antepenultimate segment.......--.-- 101 Diaptomus lintoni. Terminal segments of male right antenna... ....--.----- 101 Diaptomus shoshone. Female abdomen. .....-.--.-------------------+-+---- 102 Diaptomus leptopus, var. piscinae. Terminal segments of male right antenna.. 102 Agromyza coniceps. Head of male in profile. ...-..-.--.------------+------- 107 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, Head of Symphoromyia cruenta. 1, male; 2, female.............-----....---- Outline of front of head Symphoromyia inquisitor, female, to show width of Pier sido or rent antenns or 8. kimenidt: 2.0200. 3. Te ee 5s CR ee Outer side of S. pachyceras: left antenna of male; and right antenna of female.. Outer side of left antenna of S. pilosa, male......-..-.-..------------------- Pantone. pugens, maleand females. fovea A LT Outer side of right middle coxa of S. securifera.........-...-----2---0--20-00- Archilestes californica, male. 1. Dorsal view. 2. Lateral view.......--.-.---- Archilestes californica, female. 3. Dorsal view. 4. Lateral view.......-..--... Archilestes californica. 5-7 male appendages. 8. Male segment, ventral view. © 9. Male segment showing chitinous framework. 10-11. Penis. 12. Female prothorax. 13. Female mesostigmal lamina. 14. Female abdominal seg- ments. 15. Archilestes grandis, dorsal view of male appendages. .....-....- Archilestes californica. 16. Ovipositing. 17. In copulation. 18. Scars from oviposition, one year old. 19. Scars two years old. 20. Bark cut away Snnmene coed In Cambrai." 20. Bape Ae ISO Ok. RE ee Archilestes californica, nymph. 22. Lateral view. 23. Dorsal view. 24. La- bium. 25. Abdominal segment. 26. Color of a live Palo Alto, California, CCIE TI ae Me ere aot eee ere ac Cea a ee ee ae ee ew eee AUPE Ae Argia emma, male. 27. Dorsal view. 28. Lateral view..............-------- Argia emma, female. 29. Dorsal view. 30. Lateral view..............--.--- Argia vivida, male. 31. Dorsal view. 32. Lateral view...............--.---- Argia vivida, female. 33. Dorsal view. 34. Lateral view...........---...-- Argia emma, nymph. 35. Lateral view. 36. Dorsal view. .............------ Argia vivida, nymph. 37. Lateral view. 38. Dorsal view..........-....--.-- Argia emma, abdominal segments. 39. Lateral view. 40. Dorsal view. 41. Ventral view. Argia funebris, male abdominal segment, lateral view. 42. Argia funebris, male abdominal segment. 43. Lateral view. 44. Dorsal 263 264 265 272 273 274 275 277 278 view. Argia vivida, male abdominal segments. 45. Lateral view. 46. . Dorsal view. 47. Ventral view. 48. Argia emma, female, mesostigmal laminae. 49. Argia vivida, female, mosostigmal laminae................--- Argia emma, male abdominal segments. 50. Lateral view. 51. Ventral view. Argia vivida, male abdominal segments. 52. Lateral view. 53. Ventral owe are Ta CHING “OVIPORILINO< .= os ss os ewer eee weeds cs PEELE. Argia emma. 55-57. Male, marking on head and thorax. 58-59. Male, mark- ing on abdomen in tenerals, lateral view. 60-61. Female, marking on abdomen in tenerals, dorsal view. 62-64. Argia vivida. Male, marking on LEDC G. Nec o> SEER ite Sap is ey See 9 Se al ee Argia emma, nymphal detail. 65. Labium, ventral view. 65a. Labium, dorsal view. 66-67. Vulva. 68-69. Abdominal segment of male. 70. Antenna. 71-76. Argia vivida, nymphal detail. 71. Labium, ventral view. 7la. Labium, dorsal view. 72-73. Vulva. 74-75. Abdominal seg- Mie Miies 7G. MONA! Mocs. cil. ce rece ee Sot eteeeeoat eee Ischnura cervula, male. 77. Dorsal view. 78. Lateral view.....-...---.-.-.- Ischnura cervula, female. 79. Dorsal view. 80. Lateral view............----- Ischnura perparva, male. 81. Dorsal view. 82. Lateral view...........-...-. Ischnura perparva, teneral female. 83. Dorsal view. 84. Lateral view. .....- Ischnura perparva, aged female. 85. Dorsal view. 86. Lateral view.....-.. Ischnura cervula. 87. In copulation. 88. Ovipositing. 89. Male clasping organs attached to female prothorax. 90. Copulation, detail. 91. Male, segment, parts in copulatory position. IJschnura perparva. 92. In copula- Rie a OMA ORE Ie rr GEL Sy) han as oo ut oe yee e veel eee eee INE 279 281 282 XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Ischnura cervula. 94. Male, segment. 95. Male, segment dissected. 96. Male, segments, ventral view. 97. Male appendages. 98. Male prothorax. 99. Female prothorax. 100. Female mesostigmal lamina. Ischnura perparva. 101. Male, segment. 102. Male, segments, ventral view. 103. Male pro- thorax. 104. Male appendages. 105. Female mesostigmal lamina....... . 303 Ischnura cervula. 106. Teneral female with light coloration. 107. Teneral female with dark coloration. 108. Female with very dark coloration which approaches male coloration. 109. Male coloration................-------- 304 Ischnura perparva, female. 110-114. Variations in teneral coloration. 116. Stage intermediate between teneral and adult, showing formation of adult coloration on segments. 116. Adult coloration. Jschnura cervula, female. 117. Teneral female with light coloration. 118. Teneral female with dark coloration showing formation of adult coloration on eyes and femora. 119. Remale. final or senile: edloration... 324.505 25800 ee ok ees aie asl ie 305 120-121. Ischnura cervula, nymph. 122. Ischnura perparva, nymph......-.. 306 Ischnura perparva, nymph. 123. Dorsal view of labium. 124-126. Mental seta of three reared nymphs. Ischnura cervula,nymph. 127. Dorsal view of labium. 128-130. Mental seta of three reared nymphs. 131. Male seg- ment, ventral view. 132. Female segment, ventral view.......--.-----.-- 307 Macromia magnifica, male. 133. Dorsal view. 134. Lateral view...........- 314 Macromia magnifica, female. 135. Dorsal view. 136. Lateral view. -.-...-...-- 316 Macromia magnifica. 137-138. Segment of male. 139-141. Segment and appendages of male. 142-144. Segments of female. 145. Front leg of male Bhowing toa! Keel!) 22 ase dasehedis etts .o aoe te eee oan ae ee ee 317 Macromia magnifica, nymph. 146. Dorsal view. 147. Lateral view with fabiom extended... 32s). gat < Seda s det co meberdancie ¢< oeelt sine ee eee 318 Macromia magnifica, nymph. 148. Labium. 149. Abdomen. 150. Segments of abdomen, ventral view. 151. ‘‘Face.’’ 152. Lateral view of head. 153. Antenna. Macromia illinoiensis, nymph. 154. Labium. 155. Abdomen. 156. Segments of abdomen, ventral view. 157. Lateral view of head. 158. ATI GETING 5 So eireys oe Ae ooh ere cone eee ep ae meee ai nisece seins cena ae Coens 319 Macromia magnifica, copulation (159) .s:).ice mink cemtieos ccc sine ess Sees eee 320 Agrion aequabile yakima. 160-161. Wings of male and female showing extent of color. 162. Segment of male. 163. Penis. 164. Male appendages. 165- 166. Nymph. 167. Dorsal view of labium of nymph...................---.- ole Lestes congener, nymph. 168. Lateral view. 169. Dorsal view. 170. Lab- fumt-s7 1 71s* Head, laterabiiview..;) 172; sSepmente ec. ojo: a: ais ain sone ce eee aoe 324 Lestes uncatus, nymph. 173. Lateral view. 174. Dorsal view. 175. Labium. AG oe FLOAC eet C0 Cutan ete Sead dia eee u Meier aa Dae uloa a « sutaw wae cpap renee 325 Coenagrion resolutum. 177. Male appendages. 178. Segmentand penis. 179. Male prothorax. 180. Female prothorax showing the right dorsal ‘“‘pit.’’ 181. Mesostigmal lamina. 182-183. Male color patterns. 184. Female COLOR PALLET. (cle.p mre eis ste io we RE ine AIC osu nina lass wow isin. =n p ho i eee 326 Coenagrion resolutum, nymph. 185. Lateral view. 186. Dorsal view. 187. Detail of caudal gill. 188. Lateral fold of abdomen showing the spinulose edge.” 189; Labium ic... os pate aes os s- oe seeceleceeeen sce Se eee ee Stephen: Hathelde . J226 52 snes|aee eee ss | Obes acme Simicon TOthrop as. -s2 SILVER-PLATED DOUBLE LAmp. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 7. ' ve oP : os) i > “ 7 ’ : 4 "> i 4) - ‘ , 7 a 4 hd ‘ s - : axl >» = . + — | He . ~ i ~ 7 Pi i ; = } i; » By l- am ! ; ? nas e 7 7 us , kL. 7 > : : ; oie : a ve 4 a i - ; 7 i ‘ m wl : ‘ | 4 ri | - ! iS Deo ~ o » ; Sl i f 7 a », eee - => Ss - 7’ ed U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL 49 PL. 2) < 2 Ow Www fey fs = Ul SI cr oO w Gis Sear xz 2 Nac a 3 = ip ss Seas fale ee ia “us SS fie = (5) PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 10 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM "8 39Vd 3499 alVid 4O NOILVNV1Idx3d YO “‘LaXSVg S3XVO ANV ‘SYvV11E9 LivS ‘SYSLSVOD A31EVL ‘AVYL GSLVId-YSATIS Lu ON ee) U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 11 SILVER-PLATED TRAYS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 8, PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 12 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM *6 3DVd 359 31LV1d 4O NOILWNY1dxa HO4 "AVYL VSL NSGOOM oe ra ee Mee Te ee eee . 4 (I 4 . Md 7 | eth: : af | 4 min Wl ‘ ‘ e 7 F i ‘ : : = “% + x ry = ' . + Y d U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. CUTLERY CASE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 9. 4 ™ 7 1 ~ a i _ It - , ’ 7 rn a . co i . rs = : a 7 i] i* ) 7 7 4 i ‘2 : : p I 7 : : : > ape. : ? : Va 7 = f 7 > . ae * : f “ wae . < - A A : Da ; A y = : Y, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 14 CANTON CHINA PLATTERS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 10. ~ ‘ ~~ — — _ i ; is ’ r “ . } >» ra 7 ri i - ia x ® : ‘ 4 ane : a ees ~ oe . s - Wet U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 10, ul = — kK [e) (aa) x uJ = = a Zz < nD = = O joa) < Z aE O Zz (2) c Zz < oO U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 16 CHINESE VASES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 11. : _ - fi . a o oe —_ . sy . : - - . U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 1 / CHINA BOWL. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 11. “LL GNV OL SA9Wd 338 3LV1d ASO NOILVNV1dx3 yo "SYVMSSV15) GNV WNIHO 18 RE PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 = 5 a) on =) = -! < z Q Kb < z o =) U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 14, 3) ul no i?2)] < -i 1o) o = x z a ja) ar 2 = ©) z Lu a =] Oo U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 20 CONTINENTAL ARMY UNIFORM. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 14. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 21 | Roll and Mubter of & Znridks mn thy Va, hemonthy s Ag Ute, ca 4 a Rarks. Names. | x. rm of : faliftmnens Pa , / le Mam Clim YM 100 Cov bfuue “ / 4 , Hirt eh ih we 1 Nlin, Wileam Yrwter laws cP iagp Sohn th Vip the ond Yrbere threr fii rh Where) Abit Kindlen Somah/ tlm hn Balbaution 4 Merve leon Mzaser Adam Kare eMeraify » - woh Mell Vobeh “Bina ee Seve S rane pared Lady vhhn Zod lon ] Certify the above Roll tobe the true State of Said mppmry I Certify the above Mufter to be truc in all its Contents, Frvecsth Day of « he 1787 * } Infpection of =~ 24 mye havens 7 BL ) gy, ; eS , pale OG (Cif a pr TAPP sy} fy 2. Hayes YP fa “ nfpcdor of Aa os Zone Aas Bi ft Sen DO ROLL AND MUSTER OF WASHINGTON’S GUARD, 1782. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 16. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 22 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “Z| 'g| Sa9Vd 33S SLv1d 4O NOILWNY1dxa YO4 "SLNSLNOO ANV LSSHO SSSI dAvO SLT ERT aR ORNS CT RE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 23 \ } j u i SURVEYOR’S COMPASS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 18, +f U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 24 FIELD GLASS AND CASE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 18, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM < ~~ * FQVSASA ENA ENE SD Riv) ey wae dey Ween’ oh pec en Fl ef ey yn SAS 3 aN NEW PORTABLE WRITING CASE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 18, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 26 ENGLISH KEYED ZITHER PRESENTED BY WASHINGTON TO “ NELLY” CusTIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 19. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 27 FURNITURE OWNED BY WASHINGTON AT MOUNT VERNON. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 4-6. NOTES ON SOME UNITED STATES GRASSHOPPERS OF THE FAMILY ACRIDIDAE. By A. N. CaupeE tt, Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. Some time ago the United States National Museum received in exchange a pair of Heliastus minimus Scudder from the paratypical material in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. About the same time there was received in exchange from the Snow collection in Kansas a single female specimen from Arizona labeled as this species. On studying this material, and later making further comparisons of material in Cambridge, it was found that Scudder’s species was not a true Heliastus and that the female received from the Snow collection was not Scudder’s species, nor congeneric withit. Thus a new genus is here erected for Heliastus minimus and the female received from Snow is described as a new genus and species. XERACRIS, new genus. Allied to Ancoma, Heliastus, and Ramona but readily distinguish- able from these genera by the metasternal interspace being sub- quadrate in the female and longer than broad in the male, while in these genera this interspace is at least as broad as long in both sexes, and in the female, broadly transverse. From Heliastus and Ramona it is also easily separated by having a distinct intercalary vein present on the elytra, in this respect agreeing with Anconia, the most nearly allied genus. Description.—Head moderate, slightly broader than the anterior portion of the pronotum; eyes about as prominent as in Heliastus, less prominent than in Ramona or typical Anconia. Pronotum quite strongly constricted mesially, the anterior portion noticeably narrower than the posterior; lateral carinae not present and the median carina present only as a raised line, barely noticeable except on the posterior lobe, and cut by all three transverse sulci; anterior margin subtruncate, mesially somewhat rounded, the posterior margin obtuse angulate; mesosternal interspace of both sexes transverse but narrower than either of the lobes themselves; meta- PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 49—No. 2098. 25 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49, sternal interspace subquadrate in the female, in the male longer than broad. Elytra extending to or beyond the tips of the hind femora; scapular area in neither sex much expanded, the intercalary vein distinct and bordered on each side with a single row of quadrate cells; the discoidal area is not always closed apically but sometimes continues open to the end of the elytra, or but partly closed. Wings almost entirely hyaline, the tip with a few veins more or less infus- cated and the disk with the merest trace of a bluish tinge in some lights. Legs moderately slender, the posterior femora at the widest part scarcely as broad as the head across the eyes; posterior tibiae yellowish with eight spines on the outer margin above, the spines themselves yellow with the apical half black. Cerci simple in both sexes, shorter in the female than in the male; supraanal plate of male scarcely sulcate mesially, the fercula short, quadrate and far separated; subgenital plate of the male apically pointed; valves of the ovipositor short, the upper pair deeply excavate dorsally. Type.—Heliastus minimus Seudder. CONIANA, new genus. In general appearance very similar to the foregoing but readily separable from it by having the metasternal interspace broadly transverse, at least in the female, and by having the apical calcars of the posterior tibiae longer, the outer pair being about twice as long as the terminal dorsal spine. Type.— Comiana snowi, new species. The relationship of this and the preceding genus with their allies is shown by the key given on a following page. CONIANA SNOWI, new species. One female, Bill Williams Fork, Arizona. F. A. Snow collector. A small whitish species superficially resembling very closely the XAXeracris minvma of Scudder, but readily separated from that species by the metasternal interspace, which is fully twice as broad as long in this species, while in minima it is scarcely longer than broad. The mesosternal interspace is also decidedly broader than in minima, being here broader than either of the lobes themselves, the reverse being true of minima. A color character also distinguishes these two species, munima having the disk of the pronotum posteriorly marked more or less with fuscous and the upper part of the front portion of the lateral lobes blackish, while in the species here characterized these portions are nearly uniformly and very slightly maculate; the surface of the pronotum of this species is also much more roughened and pitted than in minima. To the various members of the genus Anconia this species is very readily separated by its smaller size and also by the less prominent eyes and the color of the elytra, which is here. no. 2093. GRASSHOPPERS OF THE FAMILY ACRIDIDAE—CAUDELL. 27 covered for their entire length with small, clear-cut dark dots on the pale ground color. The wings of the unique type are clear hyaline, and the hind tibiae are very faintly tinged with bluish and bear eight black-tipped spines on the outer margin above; terminal calcars long, the outer pair about twice as long as the adjacent dorsal spine; pos- terior femora with three or four dark spots above. Length: Pronotum, 3.5 mm.; elytra, 19 mm.; hind femora, 12 mm. Type.—tn United States National Museum. Cat. No. 18483, U.S.N.M. This is an interesting little species, and bears such superficial resemblance to Xeracris minima as to make its confusion with that insect very likely unless considerable care is exercised. HELIAULA, new genus. The author’s first acquaintance with Aulocara rufum of Scudder was in 1903, when he described specimens from Kansas and Colorado as new under the name Heliastus guaniert. Failure to associate it with Scudder’s description was due to the fact that its generic charac- ters did not at all indicate relationship to Aulocara. Nor is its rela- tionship much nearer, if any, to Heliastus than to Aulocara. There- fore, at the suggestion of Messrs. Rehn and Hebard, it is removed from both the above genera and for it the new generic name Heliaula is here proposed. The following key will serve for the separation of this genus from others allied to Helastus. Key to the genus Heliastus and allies. Metasternal interspace broadly transverse in the female, in the male at least as long as broad. Elyira with a distinct intercalary vein. Calcaria of hind tibiae long, the outer pair about twice as long as the adjacent dorsal PIPED Serbia stots iain is Coin sao cia ya A Velie oi oats Sew te tt Coniana Caudell. Calcaria of hind tibiae shorter, the outer pair but little longer than the adjacent SL SNSTE Se TE ER Oe A Ye i ee ee I Anconia Scudder. Elytra without a distinct intercalary vein. Body and hind femora stout, the latter at its widest part nearly or quite as broad as the head across the eyes. Pronotum conspicuously narrowing anteriorly; interocular space narrower than the width of one of the eyes, the scutellum of the vertex with well elevated PEER E SOLIS Ce SP ee aes hop cain aia Soci lek late alors Ble Se ie Heliastus Saussure. Pronotum quadrate, no narrower anteriorly than posteriorly; interocular space as broad as the width of one of the eyes, the scutellum of the vertex with the BE IIE ELIESDRCONN YS ot We oR es Se Scheie, whi ninidl Salah Mkaree Heliaula Caudell. Body and hind femora slender, the latter at its widest part scarcely more than one- half as broad as the head across the eyes........5....-.....-0 Ramona Bruner. Metasternal interspace quadrate or barely transverse in the female, in the male dis- uate ames Te hLLAKL, PANO MGs cise svi c-ateiersorersi Sia ece ctacic a oe crane ce eee kare Xeracris Caudell. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 49, MICROTES NUBILA Scudder. This species is a synonym of the earlier described Scirtettica occi- dentalis of Bruner. The genus seems amply distinct, and thus the species is to be known. as Microtes occidentalis Bruner. THe GENUS ALPHA BRUNNER. The name Cordillacris has been substituted for Brunner’s genus Alpha by Mr. Rebn'! on the grounds of preoccupation. In proposing Cordillacris Mr. Rehn gives the original reference to Alpha as ‘‘Smiths. Mise. Coll., XIV, p. 121 (1875).” The volume in this reference should be CCLIV and the page is 117. But the first use of Alpha, however, was nearly a quarter of a century earlier when it was used in three different senses by Saussure in his ‘‘Etudes Fam. Vesp., vol. ii, p. 167 (1853),’”’ and in the same work, vol. 3, pp. 128, 137, and 160 (1854). But I fail to find that Saussure used this name other than as a division between the species and genus. As such groups or divisional names have no place in nomenclature? they do not preoccupy and thus Alpha seems to have been available as a generic’ name when erected in the Orthoptera by Brunner in 1893. Tue GENERIC NAME MACNEILLIA OF SCUDDER. This generic name was proposed to replace the genus Pedeticum of McNeill on the assumption that that name was preoccupied by the generic name Pedeticus of Laporte in the Hemiptera. But by the rule of identical spelling Pedeticus does not preoccupy Pedeticum and thus Scudder’s name Macneillia was not needed. AEOLOPLIDES, new genus. The type species of the genus Acoloplus Scudder is Caloptenus regalis by original designation. But regalis is now known to be a species of Melanoplus and thus Acoloplus, which follows its type spe- cies, is a synonym of Melanoplus. The species formerly included in Aeoloplus are thus left without a generic name, and for them the genus Acoloplides is here proposed, with the Pezotettiz chenopodii of Bruner as the designated type. Tue GeNus BoopepoNn or THOMAS. Key to Species. 1. Principal sulcus of the pronotum not far behind the middle in either sex; males with elytra two or more times as long as the pronotum......... a Principal sulcus of the pronotum, especially in the male, ennai nee helead the middle; males with elytra less than two times as long as the pronotum.. ..4. 1Can. Ent., vol. 23, 1901, p. 271. 2 Entomological Code, Par. 90. no. 2093. GRASSHOPPERS OF THE FAMILY ACRIDIDAE—CAUDELL. 29 2. General color uniformly black or brown, the elytra of both sexes without distinct maculation but the tip darker than the rest; posterior femora uniform in color except for a subbasal annulus. ....-...-. nigrum Thomas. (=fuscum Brunner.) General color of the male as above but the elytra no darker apically than else- where, or with indication of discal maculation, of the female brown or yellowish, fhereitrst wath! dishinet maculation 2222-4. 20 ioe. es LS 38 8. Male with the posterior femora uniform in coloration, or with a more or less distinct . subapical annulus; female with the elytra brown with a yellow stripe near each margin and with a few small yellow spots in the discal field. nubilum Say. (=flavofasciatum Thomas.) Males with the posterior femora twice banded across the outer face besides the subapical annulus; female with the elytra yellowish or brown, no distinct yellow stripe as above and with three or four larger roundish black spots in the discal field, more distinct in individuals with yellowish elytra. nubilum, var. maculata, new variety. 4. General color testaceous varied with orange, fuscus and black; hind femora con- spiculously banded..............- ale sct a Gaate seine ee we auriventris McNeill. General color brownish varied with black above, lighter beneath; hind femora ebaeutely. banded. 2... 2.2.2 222 lees cence ess auriventris, var. savannarum Brunner, BOOPEDON NUBEILUM, var. MACULATA, new variety. The distinctly banded posterior femora of the male and the dis- tinctive maculation of the elytra of the female will serve for the ready separation of this variety from its allies. The hind tibiae and the ventral surface of the abdomen of the selected type and several of the paratypes are reddish, but in others the tibiae are brownish and abdo- men yellowish. In all specimens the hind tibiae are broadly banded with yellowish toward the base. The size is rather large and there seems to be no very great variation to judge from the material before me. The measurements of the selected male type and female allo- type are as follows: Length; pronotum, male, 5.5 mm.; female, 8; elytra, male, 19, female, 11.5; hind femora, male, 19, female, 23.5. Type.—Male, Victoria, Texas, June. A. N. Caudell, collector. Allotype, same data. Paratypes, one female and 4 males, same data as type and allotype; eight males, Texas, Belfrage coll.; one adult and two immature males, San Antonio, Texas; one male, Colum- bus, Texas; one male, no locality. Type and allotype—In United States National Museum. Cat. No. 18484, U.S.N.M. The specimen figured in Howard’s Insect Book (plate 34, fig. 3) as B. nubilum is this variety and shows very nicely the conspicuous banding of the hind femora. B. nubilum was characterized from the male sex only as is evident from the original description. B. flavofasciatum was described from the female only and I consider it the same as nubilum. The speci- mens described by Thomas from southeastern Colorado as nubilum of Say are, as shown by comparing his original material in the United 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 49. States National Museum with specimens from Arizona, identical with the form described recently by Bruner as B. fuscum. Also, from the original description of B. nigrum of Thomas and his subsequent quoting of that species in the synonymy of what he took for nubilum Say but which was, as shown above, the B. fuscum of Bruner, it is evident that this was also the same species and, being the older, should supplant Bruner’s name. MELANOPLUS MUTATUS, new name. Melanoplus minor of Scudder, described as Pezotettix minor in 1875, is a primary homonym of Pezotettix minor Walker, an African grasshopper described in 1870.1. Under all recent codes of nomen- clature Scudder’s name must fall and for it the new name Melanoplus mutatus is here proposed. MELANOPLUS MARGINATUS Scudder. Melanoplus marginatus pauper ScuDDER. The brachypterous specimens of Melanoplus marginatus constitute the typical form, being the only ones mentioned in the original description. Scudder’s varietal name pauper therefore falls as a synonym of the typical name marginatus, according to paragraph 31 of Entomological Code. The long-winged form is properly called amplus. MELANOPLUS FEMUR-RUBRUM DeGeer. Melanoplus coloradus CAUDELL. Melanoplus coloradus Caudell is but a minor variety of femur-rubrum, the only constant differentiating character being the fercula of the male surpassing more or less the mesial interruption of the median sulcus of the supraanal plate. This character is of scarcely sufficient value to hold a name, and this species is therefore sunk as a synonym of femur-rubrum. MELANOPLUS DEVASTATOR Scudder. Melanoplus devastator typicalis SCUDDER. This varietal name should be dropped and the name devastator alone used according to paragraph 31 of the Entomological Code. MELANOPLUS DEVASTATOR Scudder. Melanoplus devastator offinis ScuDDER. The name affinis as here used is invalidated by the earlier use as a specific name by the same author. Paragraph 37 of Entomological Code applies here. But the characters separating this variety from the typical form are of such minor importance that the name may 1Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1870, p. 699. No. 2093. GRASSHOPPERS OF THE FAMILY AORIDIDAE—CAUDELL, 31 well be sunk into synonymy under devastator, as it scarcely deserves a new name being proposed for it. MELANOPLUS DIMINUTUS Scudder. Melanoplus consanguineus SCUDDER. Melanoplus consanguineus as suggested by its author in the original description, is not distinct from the diminutus of the same author. It should therefore fall into synonymy under that species. MELANOPLUS DEVASTATOR Scudder. Melanoplus virgatus ScuDDER. Melanoplus virgatus is a synonym of Melanoplus devastaior, no constant differentiating characters separating it from that species. pa THE RECENT AND FOSSIL MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA FROM THE WEST COAST OF AMERICA. By Pavut Bartscu, Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, United States National Museum. INTRODUCTION. It is interesting to note that the first species recorded from West American waters served also as the type of the world-wide distrib- uted genus now under discussion. The noted traveler and naturalist, Chevalier Alcide D’Orbigny, in his Voyage dans L’Amerique Meri- dionale, which extended over the years 1826-1833, collected a won- derful lot of material and among other things a Rissoid, on the coasts of Bolivia and Peru, for which he erected the genus Rissoina ! and which he christened Rissoina inca.! Ten years later Dr. Karl Theodor Menke, in a paper, Conchylien von Mazatlan mit kritischen Anmerkungen, based on a large collec- tion made in part by Heinrich Melcher, of Bremen, who spent several years at Mazatlan, and partly by an unnamed collector from whom Doctor Menke purchased a box of shells, also from Mazatlan, de- seribed Rissoa stricta? from that place. This is a true Rissoina. Two years after this, Dr. F. H. Troschel, in his Verzeichniss der durch Herrn Dr. v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelten Conchylien, de- seribed Rissoina sulcifera* from Peru. This mollusk is not congeneric with Rissoina but must be referred to the Rissoid genus Jravidia of Blanford. The same year Prof. C. B. Adams, of Amherst College, Massachu- setts, published his Catalogue of Shells Collected at Panama.‘ In this paper, which details the result of one of the most wonderful records of intensive collecting, we learn that during the period be- tween November 25, 1850, and January 3, 1851—that is, 40 days— Professor Adams collected and kept data upon no less than 41,830 specimens of mollusks. It is equally interesting to note that al- though the cases containing the specimens did not arrive until 1 Voyage Amer. Merid., p. 395, 1840, pl. 53, figs. 11-16. 2 Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 7, 1850, pp. 177-178. 3 Wieg. Archiv. Naturg., vol. 1, 1852, pp. 154-155. 4 Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 5, 1852, pp. 229-549. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 49—No. 2094. 81022°—Proc.N.M.vol.49—15——3 33 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 49, August 14, 1851, the first part of the catalogue appeared in June, 1852, and the last part of the report upon the 516 species was printed in July of the same year, 11 months after the arrival of the collection at Amherst. In this paper Professor Adams describes the following species under the genus Rissoa which belong to Rissoina: Rissoa clandestina, p. 401. Rissoa firmata, p. 401. Rissoa fortis, p. 402. Rissoa janus, p. 403. Rissoa scalariformis, p. 404. The last is a young specimen of Rissoina firmata. Here also the fol- lowing shells are described as Rissoa: Rissoa infrequens, p. 403, which is a Pliciscala. Rissoa notabilis, p. 404, which is an Odostomia. Rissoa inconspicua, p. 402, which is also an Odostomia. Later Dr. Philip P. Carpenter reported upon a collection of shells made during 1848-1850 by Frederick Reigen, a Belgian gentleman, at Mazatlan. His report, Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in the British Museum, was published in parts during the years 1855-1857, the part dealing with our genus appearing in 1856. Only two species are mentioned: Rissoina stricta Menke, and Rissoina woodwardii Carpenter, the last being new.’ In 1860 O. A. L. Moreh, in his Beitrige zur Molluskenfauna Central Amerikas, a paper based upon shells collected by Dr. A. S. Oersted, lists the following members of the genus Rissoina.? Rissoina woodwardi Carpenter, from Puntarenas. Rissoina inca D’Orbigny, from Sonsonate. Rissoina scalariformis, C. B. Adams, no specific locality mentioned. Rissoina effusa Mérch, no specific locality mentioned. Rissoina contabulata Mérch, Sonsonate. The last two being additions to the Rissoina fauna of the West Coast of America. In 1864 Dr. Philip P. Carpenter briefly described Rissoina inter- fossa on page 656 of his Supplementary Report on the Present State of our Knowledge with Regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of America.2 This he diagnosed more fully two years later on page 217 of his paper, Descriptions of New Marine Shells from the Coast of California.t| This species has since been referred to the genus Bit- 1Cat. Mazat. Shells, 1856, p. 357. 2Malak. Blat., vol. 7, 1860, pp. 67-78. 3 Rept. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863. 4 Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1866, vol. 3. no. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCH. 5) tium; by Bartsch, in The Recent and Fossil Mollusks of the Genus Bittium from the West Coast of America, page 401.1 In the preceding year Doctor Carpenter described Rissoina expansa from Mazatlan, in his paper on Diagnosis of New Forms of Mollusca Collected by Col. E. Jewett on the West Tropical Shores of North America.’ The next paper dealing with members of this genus was pub- lished by L. DeFolin as Les Meleagrinicoles Especes Nouvelles (Havre, 1867). This deals with mollusks obtained from the bur- rows in pearl oyster shells, which came from the vicinity of Negritos, (does this mean Negros, P. I.%) and iles aux Perles (= Margarita Island), Bay of Panama. In this paper Rissoa zeltneri is described on pages 47-48 and figured on plate 5, figure 1, and Rissoa insignis on pages 48-49, figured on plate 5, figures 2 and 3. 3 The last species was made the type of the genus Folinia by H. Crosse in his review of Def olin’s paper. Unfortunately, the name ' Rissoa insignis DeFolin is preoccupied by Rissoa insignis Adams and Reeve, 1850, which makes the new name given in our text necessary. We do not deem it of generic rank and shall consider Folinia a sub- genus of the present group. In 1870 DeFolin published Rissoa laurae,t which must be referred here. No additions were made until 1897, when Dr. William Healey Dall, in his Notice of Some New or Interesting Species of Shells from British Columbia and the Adjacent Region, published Rissoina newcombi® from Cumshewa Inlet. This, to date, forms the northern- most record for the distribution of the genus on the west coast of America. In 1902 the author described A New Rissoina from California,® calling it Rissoina baker. In the same year Doctor Dall and the present writer described A New Rissoina from California,’ under the name of Rissoa kelseyi. The last paper dealing with West American members of this genus was published by Doctor Dall as Two Undescribed Californian Shells,* in which he described Alaba oldroydi, which must be considered as a synonym of Rissoina kelseyi Dall and Bartsch. This species has Alabaid sculpture, but has the clawed operculum of Rissoina, a fact unknown when Doctor Dall described it, as all the specimens avail- able at the time were without opercula. That he was indoubt about its 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, 1911. 2 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 399. 3 Journ. de Conch., vol. 16, 1866, p. 218. 4 Fonds de la Mer., vol. 1, 1870, pp. 262-263. 5 Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. Brit. Col., No. 2, 1897, p. 14, 6 Nautilus, vol. 16, p. 9. 7 Tdem, vol. 16, p. 94. 8 Tdem, vol. 19, 1905, p. 15. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 49, generic position is shown by the statement following the description: ‘‘None of the specimens retains its operculum. The form of the shell, and especially of the aperture, recalls Rissoina, but the irregular varices, sculpture, and apex are more like Alaba. A certain amount of doubt as to its true zoological position must remain until the operculum is known.” I wish to express my extreme indebtedness to the Board of Trustees of Amherst College, and particularly to Prof. F. B. Loomis, through whose kind offices it was possible for me to have Prof. C. B. Adams’ types of the Panama species for study, comparison and figuring. I am also indebted to Mr. Adolph Jensen, of the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen, for the loan of O. A. L. Mérch’s types of his Central American forms. The illustrations accompanying this report, with few exceptions, are from enlarged photographs made direct from specimens by Mr. T. W. Smillie, of the United States National Museum, and were retouched by Mrs. E. B. Decker. The exceptions are: Carpenter’s Rissoina woodwardii, of which I have not seen speci- mens, and of which I give camera lucida figures by Doctor Car- penter. Of Rissoina signae, new name, Rissoa insigne DeFolin, Rissoina laurae DeFolin and Rissoina zeltneri DeFolin—I give figures copied from DeFolin’s works because I have been unable to obtain specimens of these species. ANALYTICAL KEYS. KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF THE WEST AMERICAN RISSOINAS. Posterior angle of the aperture simple. ...............----.- Rissoina, pp. 38-61. Posterior angle of the aperture almost constricted off into a separate opening by a projection from the parietal wall, and another apposing from the outer lip.......-....----.--- Folinia, p. 61. KEY TO SPECIES OF WEST AMERICAN RISSOINAS. a‘. Spiral sculpture present. b'. Spiral sculpture on spire and base. c', Axial sculpture consisting of prominent ribs. d'. Axial ribs acutely sublamellar; intercostal spaces with cloth- like textured sculpture. e'. Adult shell about 5 mm. long.............. MEE, er Jirmata, p. 38. e. Adnitshelle bouts mmonged 6252 5 if Sates S55 see ee excolpa, p. 39. d*, Axial ribs not acutely sublameilar; intercostal spaces without cloth-like textured sculpture. e'. Summit of whorls strongly shouldered. J’. Base evenly curved; without a tumid area or keel on the anterior third. g'. Shell broadly conic. h'. Basal sculpture uniform. t'. Intercostal spaces about as wide as the ribs. j. Basal cords 15, adult more than 8.5 mm......... stricta, p. 39. jy’. Basal cords 13, adult not more than 7.5 mm...... fortis, p. 40. No. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCH. 37 2, Intercostal spaces double the width of the ribs. Paras) Conds Gh tobac sce t se sie ts ose tee oie gisna, p. 41. 4". Basal cords more than 15......... iif: inca, p. 42. h?. Basal sculpture not uniform, consisting of strong spiral cords and fine lines between them..... favilla, p. 48. g’. Shell not broadly conic but elongate conic. h}. Spiral sculpture of the spire exceedingly fine. . .mazatlanica, p. 43, h?, Spiral sculpture of the spire strong ...........- helena, p. 44. jf?. Base not evenly curved, with a decidedly tumid area or keel anteriorly. g'. Base with a tumid area on the anterior third. i Adult shell,9 mm. long .....-.--.-...-- 2387 ue0 toy pia, he Adultiskell 7 minalonge.ss tego ehsys eet dina, p. 45. g?. Base with a strong keel at the insertion of the colu- pedis jlishs ote tds ye iotiseee od Se aes signae, p. 61. e?, Summit of the whorl not strongly shouldered but ap- pressed. 7*: Shell elongate-ovate 2. 25:2 SIS. 222. . expansa, p: 46. J’. Shell not elongate-ovate. g'. Shell elongate-conic. h}. Axial ribs less than 32. Gy Soget WARE TORCOG so Ack aos on eee een a peninsularis, p. 46. e. Meant wort NOL inmated!: 70s. os ee a adamsi, p. 47. he Amie rile plore than 42-208. coi it geste townsendit, p. 48. g?. Shell not elongate-conic but broadly conic.....-. barthelowi, p. 48. ce, Axial sculpture not consisting of prominent ribs; ribs obso- . lete. Go OCI ROMIGCEOG 2 <0. fcna5 oo Sen Se oat Seige ee sees kelseyi, p. 49. d?, Whorls not shouldered but overhanging. ..........-.--- lapazana, p. 50. b?. Spiral sculpture on base only. cl, Axial ribs present. GB AsexwithtwOrkecls ti £62054. 8 tion Si het ce eee contabulata, p. 51. d?, Base with one keel and two incised spiral lines-..-....- histia, p. 51. is Bune Wilh, MAN OOtAl COLA... 5 2.2.5 oa cec Se =e eee wie zeltneri, p. 52. er ee CARE ee eee nen eek ee oe ees les ea deat ss ne 2 laurae, p. 52. a’. Spiral sculpture absent. b'. Axial sculpture consisting of strong ribs. c}, Axial sculpture consisting of strong ribs only. d', Summit of the whorls shouldered. Ce VRE AIOE ca SC to Matas oe ait Are = SP Baw burraget, p. 52. en alan ribs lis tarde lars. fo soe Lk PUREE Soe ie nereina, p. 53. d*?. Summit of the whorls not shouldered. e!, Whorls decidedly constricted immediately anterior to CO MU ey tos tne sd As ato Ih hoe ee effusa, p. 54, e?. Whorls not or scarcely at all constricted anterior to the summit. f* Adult shell more than 4.5 mm. long. ................ pleistocena, p. 54. f?. Adult shell 3 mm. or less. g'. Anterior portion of base bordered by a fasciole. . . .californica, p. 55. g’. Anterior portion of base without fasciole. A Asia ribs om lantiwhork 20... 25.0024 2 ee eo 2 clandestina, p. 55. A’; Sxtal ribs on last whorl 16_....-........-..-.+. mexicana, p. 56. 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 49. c*, Axial sculpture not consisting of ribs only. d', Axial sculpture consisting of ribs and fine raised threads between them. e*. Whorls: decidedly anflated scost)iuc acc. Jac ei ce 28 bakeri, p. 56. e?. Whorls not inflated. jf}. Axial threads between the ribs fine..............- woodwardii, p. 57. j?. Axial threads between the ribs coarse ........... newcombii, p. 58. d*, Axial sculpture consisting of ribs but no fine threads be- tween them; sculpture between the ribs consisting of afecular ‘crinkly markings)... ...-.sdschees ee cleo, p. 58. b?. Axial sculpture consisting of obsolete ribs. ce?) Shell clonpate-ovate s222.55..0222 2k. ee eee cerrosensis, p. 59. c?. Shell not elongate-ovate but elongate-conic. d'. Shell slender, ribs faint, adult shell 2.83mm.......... dalli, p. 59. d*, Shell stout; ribs more strongly developed, adult shell 3.0) TAM Ayo See te alk he eer ay ee ce eRe REE coronadoensis, p. 60. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. RISSOINA FIRMATA C, B. Adams. Plate 32, figs. 4, 6. Rissoa firmata C. B. Apams, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 5, 1852, p. 401. Rissoa scalariformis C. B. Apams, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 5, 1852, p. 402. Shell of medium size, white, semitranslucent. Nuclear whorls decollated, a portion of the last turn only remaining. The succeeding turns are well rounded, decidedly appressed at the summit with some- what of a shoulder, which extends over the posterior third of the spaces between the sutures. The whorls are marked with exceedingly strong, decidedly protractively curved sublamellar axial ribs, which are some- what irregularly spaced. Twelve of the ribs occur upon the first and 14 upon the remaining turns. The intercostal spaces are at least four times as broad as the ribs and are crossed by very slender, closely spaced, quite evenly developed spiral threads, which pass up on the sides of the ribs, but do not appear to cross their summit. Of these spiral threads, about 40 occur between the sutures on the antepenul- timate turn. Sutures well impressed, rendered sinuous by the strong ribs. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately long, marked by the strong continuation of the axial ribs, which extends to the umbil- ical space, intercostal spaces sculptured, like those of the spire. Aper- ture moderately large, broadly oval; posterior angle neither acute nor obtuse; outer lip very thick at the edge. Columella short, very stout, curved, reflected over and appressed to the base as a thick callus; parietal wall covered with a thick callus, which fuses with the outer lip and the columella. Professor Adams’s type was found in sand at Panama. It has 7 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 4.7 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. Professor Adams’s Rissoa scalariformis, of which he collected a single specimen at Panama, proves to be the young of the present No. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCH. 39 species. It lacks the strong basal callus resulting from the reflection of the columella, and also the thickened lip. See plate 32, fig. 4. Professor Adams’s shells are at Amherst College, Massachusetts. The United States National Museum contains three lots of this spe- cies: Cat. No. 4163, 1 specimen from the Cape of San Lucas; Cat. No. 46151, 3 specimens from the Gulf of California, and Cat. No. 222865, 3 specimens from Cape Pulmo, Gulf of California. RISSOINA EXCOLPA, new species. Plate 30, fig. 2. Shell elongate-conic, semitransparent, bluish white. Nuclear whorls decollated, except the last turn, which is smooth. Post- nuclear whorls moderately well rounded, appressed at the summit— which creeps up on the preceding whorl—marked by sublamellar, somewhat sinuous, protractive, axial ribs, which are about one-third as wide as the spaces that separate them and form continuous lines from whorl to whorl. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the first and 14 upon each of the remaining turns. In addition to the axial ribs, the whorls are marked in the intercostal spaces by exceedingly fine lines of growth which, combined with the spiral sculpture, lend the surface of the shell a very minutely reticulated appearance. The spiral sculp- ture consists of numerous, fine, spiral lirations, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. Of these lirations, 28 occur between the sutures on the penultimate turn. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base some- what produced anteriorly, well rounded, marked by the strong con- tinuations of the axial ribs which extend to the anterior end of the shell, the spiral sculpture of the base being in every way similar to that on the spire. Aperture irregularly oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thick, reinforced by a strong varix; columella short, stout, strongly curved and decidedly reflected over and adnate to the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. The type and two other specimens, Cat. No. 46155, U.S.N.M., come from the Gulf of California. The type has 54 post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length, 4.1 mm.; diameter, 1.8 mm. Cat. No. 23748, US.N.M., contains 2 additional specimens from the Gulf of California. RISSOINA STRICTA Menke. Plate 28, fig. 6. Rissoina stricta MENKE, Zeit. f. Malak., 1850, p. 177, No. 37. Shell large, elongate-conic, bluish white. Nuclear whorls at least 2, well rounded, smooth, forming a well elevated helicoid spire. Post- nuclear whorls flattened, weakly shouldered at the summit, marked by strong, slightly curved, decidedly protractive axial ribs of which 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 49, 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second, 16 upon the third, 18 upon the fourth, 20 upon the fifth, 22 upon the sixth, 26 upon the seventh, and 28 upon the penultimate whorl. ‘These ribs extend prominently to the summit and render the sutures crenulated. Inter- costal spaces almost as wide as the ribs, crossed between the sutures by numerous very fine, closely spaced, spiral striations. Base of the last whorl moderately long, well rounded, marked by the continua- tions of the axial ribs which extend undiminished to the umbilical chink and by 15 equal, and equally spaced, slender, spiral threads which extend prominently across the intercostal spaces and weakly over the ribs. Aperture small, very oblique, channeled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip very thick, reinforced immediately behind the edge by a strong varix; inner lip moderately thick, appressed to the base, sinuous, the anterior portion so arranged as to give the aperture the aspect of having a truncated columella. Cat. No. 4062, U.S.N.M., contains 3 specimens from Cape San Lucas, 1 of which has served for our description and figure. This has lost the first 1} nuclear whorls, retaining only 1 of them. It has 9 post- nuclear whorls and measures: Length, 8.7 mm.; diameter, 3.3 mm. The following specimens are in the collection of the United States National Museum: Cat. No. 4062, Cape San Lucas, Lower California, 3 specimens; Cat. No. 34209, La Paz, Lower California, 4 specimens; Cat. No. 46153, Gulf of California, 2 specimens; Cat. No. 46157, Gulf of Calbfornia, 2 specimens; Cat. No. 46163, Mulege Bay, Lower Cali- fornia, 2 specimens; Cat. No. 46168, Gulf of California, 1 speci- men; Cat. No. 76269, Mazatlan, Mexico, 1 specimen; Cat. No. 195370, St. Margarita Island, Lower California, 1 specimen; Cat. No. 222864, Cape Pulmo, Lower California, 9 specimens; Cat. No. 264297, south end of Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, 2 speci- mens; Cat. No. 264979, San Josef Island, Gulf of California, 12 speci- mens; Cat. No. 264990, Agua Verde Bay, Gulf of California, 14 speci- mens; Cat. No. 266657, San Francisquito Bay, Gulf of California, 3 specimens; Cat. No. 267154, San Francisquito Bay, Gulf of California, 12 specimens; Cat. No. 271616, Mazatlan, Mexico, 5 specimens. RISSOINA FORTIS C. B. Adams. Plate 29, figs. 5, 6. Rissoa fortis C. B. Apams, Ann, Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 5, 1852, p. 402. Shell large, elongate-conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls smooth, well rounded, separated by constricted sutures. Post-nuclear whorls flattened in the middle, roundly shouldered at the summit, marked by very regular, slightly simuous, moderately protracted, well rounded axial ribs, of which 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second, 18 no. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCH. 41 upon the third, 22 upon the fourth, 28 upon the fifth and sixth, and 30 upon the penultimate turn. These ribs extend prominently from the summit of the whorls to the umbilicus. Intercostal spaces a little wider than the ribs on the early turns, and about as wide on the later, marked by exceedingly fine and very numerous spiral threads. Sutures slightly sinuous. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, well rounded, marked by the continuation of the axial ribs and about 13 spiral threads, which are much coarser than those on the spire. Aperture very oblique, auriculate, slightly channeled posteriorly and anteriorly, somewhat effuse at the junction of the basal and outer lip; outer and basal lip very much thickened at the edge; columella short, with a decided notch at its junction with the basal lip, reflected over and appressed to the base, where it appears as a thick callus; parietal wall covered with a thick callus, which joins the outer lip and the columella. Thirty-one specimens of this species were collected by Professor Adams under stones, near low-water mark, at Taboga, Panama. We have figured two of these; the larger has 8 whorls and is minus the nucleus, and measures: Length, 7.5 mm.; diameter, 3 mm. The smaller has lost the first nuclear turn, and has 8 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 6 mm.; diameter, 2.7 mm. In addition to these two, 14 specimens of the type lot remain in the C. B. Adams’ collection at Amherst. The United States National Museum has one, Cat. No. 204101, which was collected by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross on the beach at Taboquilla Island, Bay of Panama, and two additional specimens, Cat. No. 272937, from Panama. RISSOINA GISNA, new species. Plate 28, fig. 1. Shell of medium size, bluish white, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls 24, well rounded, smooth, forming a pupoid apex. Post- nuclear whorls short, truncated, shouldered at the summit, moder- ately rounded, marked by decidedly protractive, feebly curved axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second to fourth, 18 upon the fifth and sixth, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. These ribs extend prominently to the summit and render the sutures sinuous. Intercostal spaces about two times as wide as the ribs, crossed by exceedingly fine spiral striations. Sutures well marked. Base short, moderately rounded, without fasciole, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs which extend undiminished to the umbilical chink. The intercostal spaces and the ribs are crossed by 13 slender, equal, and equally spaced, low, spiral cords which appear as coils of a bandage, the posterior edge of which is free. The extreme anterior portion of the base is free of spiral sculpture. Aperture small, chan- neled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip thin within, reinforced 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 49. immediately behind the edge by a strong varix; inner lip thin, sinu- ous, appressed to the base, the anterior portion is so arranged as to give the aperture the appearance of having a truncated columella. Peritreme complete. The type and 15 specimens, Cat. No. 46158, U.S.N.M., come from Pearl Island, Panama. The type, a perfect specimen, has 8 post- nuclear whorls, and measures: Length, 7 mm.; diameter, 3 mm. Cat. No. 23331, U.S.N.M., contains 3 specimens from the same place. Cat. No. 204118, U.S.N.M., contains 2 specimens from Perico Island, Bay of Panama. Cat. No. 272936, U.S.N.M., 7 specimens from Panama. RISSOINA INCA D’Orbigny. Plate 31, figs. 6, 8. Rissoina inca D’OrBtany, Voy. Amer. Merid., 1840, p. 395, pl. 53, figs. 11-16. Shell broadly conic, yellowish white, with a pinkish suffusion. Nuclear whorls smooth. Postnuclear whorls shouldered at the summit, which is rendered wavy by the axial ribs. Axial ribs strong, sinuous, about half as wide as the deep spaces that separate them. Of these ribs, 10 occur upon the first, 12 upon the second and third, 14 upon the fourth, and 16 or 17 upon the last whorl. These ribs extend prominently from the summit of the whorls to the umbilical area. The intercostal spaces are marked by fine spiral striations. Sutures rendered sinuous by the strongly developed ribs. Base well rounded, marked by a continuation of the axial ribs and strongly incised spiral cords, of which more than 15 are present. Aperture ear-shaped; outer lip reinforced immediately behind the edge by a thick callus; columella somewhat twisted and deflected; parietal wall covered with a thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. The type has 6 postnuclear whorls, and measures: Length, 8 mm.; diameter, 3 mm. The species was collected by D’Orbigny in the neighborhood of Arica, Peru, and Cobija, Bolivia. Ihave copied the figure given by Gustav Schwartz von Mohren- stern, in his monograph on the Family Rissoidae Besons. Abdr., vol. 19, Denksch. Math. Naturw. Class, Kais. Akad. Wissensch., p. 40, pl. 1, fig. 1, 1860, which gives more detail than Orbigny’s original figure, which is a rather poor drawing. Mobhrenstern says that Orbigny had found this species very abundant and had collected more than 1,000 specimens of it, and had been very generous in the distri- bution of his material. This species is the type of the genus Rissoina, which was established by Orbigny in the same work in which he gives status to the present form. no. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCH. 43 RISSOINA FAVILLA, new species. Plate 28, fig. 3. Shell of medium size, bluish white, semitranslucent. Nuclear whorls decollated, except the last turn, which is smooth. Post- nuclear whorls flattened in the middle, well rounded at the shoul- dered summit, marked by strong, very regular, somewhat curved protractive axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first and second, 18 upon the third, 20 upon the fourth, 22 upon the fifth, 26 upon the sixth and penultimate turn. These ribs extend prominently to the summit and render the sutures feebly wavy. Intercostal spaces as wide as the ribs, crossed between the sutures by very many, exceedingly fine, spiral striations. Sutures strongly marked. Base of the last whorl well rounded, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs which extend prominently to the umbilical chink and by about ten rather distantly spaced, spiral threads between which numerous, very fine, spiral striations occur. These threads extend prominently across the intercostal spaces, becoming obsolete on the ribs. Aperture rather large, very oblique, channeled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip thick, remforced immediately behind the edge by a strong varix; inner lip appressed to the base, thick, sinuous, so arranged as to give the aspect of having a partially truncated columella. Peritreme complete. The type, Cat. No. 41626, U:S.N.M., comes from Cape San Lucas. It has the last nuclear whorl and 8 postnuclear turns and measures: Length, 7.1 mm.; diameter, 3 mm. Cat. No. 4062a, U.S.N.M., con- tains 2 specimens from the same locality. Cat. No. 46160, U.S.N.M., 1 specimen from Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. RISSOINA MAZATLANICA, new species. Plate 30, figs. 1, 3. Shell small, elongate-conic, milk white. Nuclear whorls small, 14, forming a depressed spire which gives the apex of the shell a truncated appearance. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, appressed at the summit, marked by moderately strong, quite regularly disposed, rounded axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first and second, 16 upon the third, 18 upon the fourth, 24 upon the fifth, and 26 upon the penultimate turn. These ribs become somewhat enfeebled toward the summit, where they render the suture feebly sinuous. Intercostal spaces about as wide as the ribs, crossed between the sutures by numerous microscopic striations. Sutures feebly im- pressed. Base rather short, well rounded, marked by the continua- tions of the axial ribs and 13 equal, and equally spaced, slender, spiral threads which extend prominently across the intercostal spaces and 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 49. become obsolete on the ribs. Aperture small, channeled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip very thick; reinforced immediately behind the edge by a strong varix; inner lip very thick, sinuous, appressed to the base, the anterior portion being so arranged as to give the aperture the appearance of having a truncated columella. The 2 cotypes and 9 other specimens, Cat. No. 46153, U.S.N.M., come from the Gulf of California. The young specimen of the two cotypes shows the nuclear whorls. The adult has lost all the nuclear turns, having 7 postnuclear whorls, which measure: Length, 6 mm.; diameter, 2.2 mm. Cat. No. 46154, U.S.N.M., contains 9 specimens from the Gulf of California. Cat. No. 46165, U.S.N.M., 4 specimens from the same place. Cat. No. 23763, U.S.N.M., 3 specimens from Mazatlan. Cat. No. 46153, U.S.N.M., 3 specimens from the Gulf of California. Cat. No. 59338, U.S.N.M., 20 specimens from Acapulco, Mexico. Cat. No. 251588, U.S.N.M., 3 specimens from Puerto Angeles, Oaxaca, Mexico. RISSOINA HELENA, new species. Plate 28, fig. 2. Shell elongate-conic, yellowish white. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Postnuclear whorls moderately rounded, very weakly shouldered at the summit, marked by very strong, slightly protractive axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second, 18 upon the third, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. Intercostal spaces about as wide as the ribs, marked between the sutures by about 30 well incised spiral striations, which are about as far apart as the spaces that sepa- rate them, causing these to appear as slender lirations. Base moder- ately long, well rounded, without fasciole, marked by the continua- tions of the axial ribs which extend to the umbilical chink and numer- ous spiral lirations, which are a little stronger here than on the spire. Aperture small, shghtly channeled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip thick, reinforced immediately behind the edge by a thick varix; inner lip thick, appressed to the base, thickening anteriorly in such a way as to give the aperture the aspect of having a truncated columella. The type and another specimen of this species, Cat. No. 149341, U.S.N.M., come from Peru. ‘The type has 6 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 7.2 mm.; diameter, 3.1 mm. RISSOINA IO, new species. Plate 28, fig. 4. Shell large, elongate-conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls decol- lated. Postnuclear whorls slightly rounded, almost flattened in the middle between the sutures, weakly shouldered at the summit, marked by strong, rounded, slightly sinuous, decidedly protractive No. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCH. "AD axial ribs which are about one-half as broad as the spaces that sepa- rate them. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second, 16 upon the third and fifth, 18 upon the sixth, 20 upon the seventh and penultimate turn. These ribs extend prominently to the sum- mit, rendering the suture sinuous. Intercostal spaces marked between the sutures by numerous exceedingly fine, closely spaced, spiral stria- tions. On the later turn a few of the coarser basal threads appear immediately above the suture. Base moderately long, marked by continuations of the axial ribs, which extend prominently to the umbilical chink, where they become somewhat fused, forming a basal fasciole. The spiral structure of the base consists of about 15 threads, which pass over the intercostal spaces and the axial ribs. The spaces separating these threads are almost equal to the threads in width. Aperture small, oblique, auricular, slightly channeled ante- riorly and posteriorly. Outer lip thin at the edge, reinforced imme- diately behind the edge by a strong varix. Inner lip thick, appressed to the base, free only at the extreme anterior margin, connecting with the outer lip at the posterior margin and rendering the peritreme complete. The type and another specimen, Cat. No. 46161, U.S.N.M., come from the Galapagos Islands. The type has 9 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 9 mm.; diameter, 3.5 mm. Cat. No. 56348, U.S.N.M., contains another specimen from the same locality. RISSOINA DINA, new species. Plate 29, fig. 4. Shell medium size, elongate-conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls moderately rounded, feebly shouldered at the summit, marked by strongly rounded, somewhat sinuous, protractive axial ribs of which 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second, 16 upon the third and fourth, 18 upon the fifth, 22 upon the sixth and the penultimate turn. These ribs extend prominently to the summit of the whorls, rendering the suture sinuous. Intercostal spaces about one and one-half times as wide as the ribs, marked between the sutures by exceedingly fine spiral striations. Base moderately long, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs, which extend prominently to the anterior portion of the base passing over the well-expressed fasciole. The spiral sculp- ture of the base consists of 16 low, broad cords which pass over the intercostal spaces and the ribs, appearing on the latter as overlap- ping tiles, the free edge being directed posteriorly. Aperture very oblique, small, auricular, channeled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip very thick within, reinforced immediately behind the edge by a strong varix; inner lip very thick, appressed and adnate to the base throughout its entire length. 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 49. The type and two other specimens, Cat. No. 56350, U.S.N.M., come from the Galapagos Islands. The type has 8 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 7mm.; diameter, 3 mm. RISSOINA EXPANSA Carpenter. Plate 28, fig. 5. Rissoina expansa CarreNTER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, pp. 399400. Shell broadly conic, bluish white, semitranslucent. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls increasing rapidly in size, much broader at the sutures than at the summit, which is almost ap- pressed; marked by low, broad, axial ribs which are less elevated and much wider at the periphery of the whorls than. at the summit. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first, 18 upon the second and third, 22 upon the fourth, and 24 upon the penultimate turn. On the last two turns, these axial ribs become obsolete a little posterior to the periphery, leaving a narrow, smooth band in the sutures and on the posterior half of the base of the last whorl. The intercostal spaces are triangular in shape, being broader at the summit and narrowing at the suture, or periphery in the case of the last whorl. These spaces are not quite as wide as the ribs and are crossed by numerous, fine, spiral striations. Base inflated, well rounded, slightly concaved an- teriorly, marked by very feeble continuations of the axial ribs which are scarcely more expressed than lines of growth and about 13 spiral cords which are situated on the anterior half of the base growing grad- ually weaker from the anterior portion of the base to the middle. Aperture very oblique, strongly channeled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip thick, claw-shaped; inner lip moderately thick, sinuous, strongly appressed to the base and so arranged as to give the aper- ture the aspect of having a truncated columella. Doctor Carpenter’s type, Cat. No. 15954, U.S.N.M., comes from Mazatlan, Mexico. It has lost the nucleus and probably the first 2 postnuclear turns. The 5 remaining measure: Length, 9.1 mm.; diameter, 4.7 mm. Cat. No. 59339, U.S.N.M., contains 2 specimens from Acapulco. Cat. No. 271642, U.S.N.M., 1 specimen from Guay- mas, the latter a perfect specimen in every way excepting the lost nucleus. The 2 early postnuclear whorls in this have 14 and 16 axial ribs respectively. The spiral sculpture is a little more strongly ex- pressed on the early whorls than on the succeeding turns. RISSOINA PENINSULARIS, new species. Plate 29, fig. 1. Shell of medium size, elongate-conic, bluish white, semitranslucent. Early nuclear whorls decollated, one only remaining which is smooth. Postnuclear whorls increasing very regularly in size, flattened, much no. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCH. 47 wider at the sutures than at the appressed summit, marked by very regular, moderately strong, protractive axial ribs of which 16 occur upon the first, 18 wpon the second, 22 upon the third, 24 upon the fourth, 30 upon the fifth, and 32 upon the penultimate turn. These ribs extend prominently to the summit, which they render feebly crenulated. Intercostal spaces as wide as the ribs, crossed by numer- ous, well-defined, equal, and equally spaced, incised, spiral lines, 28 of which occur between the sutures on the last turn. Sutures feebly im- pressed. Base of last whorl rather long, moderately rounded, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs which become very much enfeebled on the anterior portion of the base. In addition to the axial ribs, the base is marked with 19 almost equal and almost equally spaced spiral threads; these, in conjunction with the axial ribs, give the base a cancellatedly sculptured appearance. Aperture large, channeled ante- riorly and posteriorly; outer lip patulous, very thick, reinforced imme- diately behind the edge by a strong varix; inner lip moderately thick, sinuous, appressed to the base and so arranged as to lend the aper- ture the aspect of having a partially truncated columella. The type and another specimen, Cat. No. 56349, U.S.N.M., come from Cape San Lucas. The type has the last nuclear whorl and 7 post- nuclear turns and measures: Length, 6 mm.; diameter, 1.5mm. Cat. No. 45156, U.S.N.M., contains another specimen from the Gulf of California. RISSOINA ADAMSI, new species. Plate 30, fig. 5. Rissoa janus var. a. C. B. ApAms, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 5, 1852, p. 403. Shell elongate-conic, bluish-white with a faint narrow, yellowish- white band marking the anterior boundary of the posterior third of the spaces between the sutures. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post- nuclear whorls slightly rounded, appressed at the summit, marked by very regular, moderately protractive, slightly curved axial ribs, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. Of these ribs, 20 occur upon the second, 26 upon the third, 30 upon the fourth, 36 upon the fifth and the penultimate whorl. The shallow inter- costal spaces are crossed by well-impressed spiral lines, of which about 25 occur between the sutures on the antepenultimate whorl. Sutures well impressed. Base short, prolonged, well rounded, marked by the feeble continuation of the ribs on the posterior two- thirds below the periphery, by about 13 spiral series of pits, which are broader and more deeply impressed than those of the spire, while on the extreme anterior portion of the base the spiral les again become weakened. Aperture large, very oblique, decidedly patulous at the junction of the outer and basal lip. Posterior angle acute; outer lip very much thickened at the edge. Columella short, with a decided 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. twist a little posterior to its junction, with the basal lip reflected over and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus, which connects the columella with the outer lip. The type, which is in the Amherst collection, and comes from Panama, has lost the nucleus and the first portion of the postnuclear whorl. The 7 remaining whorls measure: Length, 6 mm.; diameter, 2.3 mm. RISSOINA TOWNSENDI, new species. Plate 29, fig. 3. Shell of medium size, elongate conic, bluish white. Nuclear whorls 34, well rounded, smooth, shining; post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, moderately rounded, marked by strong, well-rounded, slightly protractive, axial ribs, of which 16 occur upon the first, 18 upon the second, 24 upon the third, 26 upon the fourth, 38 upon the fifth, and 52 upon the last turn. The intercostal spaces on the first 3 whorls are a little more than twice as wide as the ribs, while on the next 2 they are about double as wide. On the last turn, however, they are only about one and one-half times as broad as the ribs. In addition to the axial sculpture, the intercostal spaces are marked by well-incised spiral lines, of which about 22 occur on the penultimate turn. Sutures slightly impressed. Base somewhat pro- duced, marked by the continuation of the axial ribs which extend to the umbilical chink, and by 13 well-rounded, somewhat irregularly spaced, spiral cords which are not quite as wide as the spaces that separate them. Aperture auricular; outer lip slightly channeled at the posterior angle and at the junction of the outer and basal lip; outer lip reinforced by a thick callus immediately behind the edge; col- umella short, stout, twisted and reflected over and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The type and 2 additional specimens, Cat. No. 266290, U.S.N.M., were dredged by the author at Agua Verde Bay, Lower California. The type has 6 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 5.3 mm.; diameter, 2.4mm. Two additional lots of this species, both collected by the author in the Gulf of California, are in the collection of the U.S.N.M.: Cat. No. 265934, 1 specimen dredged in shallow water at Mulege, and Cat. No. 267287, Gulf of California. RISSOINA BARTHELOWI, new species. Plate 29, fig. 2. Shell very regularly elongate-conic, bluish white, nuclear whorls 8, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls decidedly appressed at the summit, slightly rounded, the first two with a strong spiral cord which becomes decidedly weakened on the third whorl and disap- pears on the fourth. Axial sculpture consisting of closely placed ‘ j q 4 ; ' no. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSOH. 49 somewhat sinuous, rounded ribs which are much wider than the spaces which separate them, on the later whorls. On the first three turns the intercostal spaces are about twice as wide as the ribs. Of these ribs 16 occur upon the first and second, 18 upon the third, 24 upon the fourth, 30 upon the fifth, and 38 upon the sixth and penultimate whorl. The intercostal spaces are crossed by spiral lirations, of which three occur between the summit and the shoulder on the first three turns and three between the shoulder and the base of the same turns. These spiral threads become less strong on the succeeding turns, and more closely spaced. On the last whorl 15 are present between the summit and the periphery. The spiral threads are not quite as wide as the spaces that separate them. Sutures moderately impressed. Periphery of thelast whorlslightly angulated. Baserather short and well rounded, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs, and 20 spiral cords which become successively stronger from the periphery to the umbilical area. Aperture very oblique, decidedly channeled at the posterior angle and at the junction of the columella and the basal lip; outer lip decidedly twisted, reinforced immediately behind the edge with a thick callus, posterior portion drawn forward into a claw-shaped element; columella short, twisted, reflected over and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. The type and 106 specimens of this species, Cat. No. 267666, were dredged by theauthor at the head of Concepcion Bay, Lower California, in 2 to 4 fathoms of water. The type has 8 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 7 mm.; diameter, 3 mm. RISSOINA KELSEYI Dall and Bartsch. Plate 30, fig. 4. Rissoa kelseyi Datu and Bartscu, The Nautilus, vol. 16, 1902, p. 94—Alaba oldroydi Dau, The Nautilus, vol. 19, 1905. p. 15, Shell cylindric-conic, varying in color from yellow to light red, unicolor or longitudinally streaked. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls slightly shouldered at the summit, marked by obsolete, broad, rounded, low, axial ribs, of which 12 occur upon the first and second, and 14 upon the third and fourth, while on the penultimate whorl they are altogether wanting. In addition to the axial ribs, the whorls are marked by strongly incised, spiral lines, which are a little closer spaced at the summit of the whorls than at the suture. Of these, 15 occur upon the third, and 22 upon the penultimate turn between the sutures. Suture moder- ately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl weil rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked like the spire by about 10 subequal and irregularly spaced, incised, spiral lines. Aperture irregularly oval, oblique; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thick; 81022°—Proc.N.M.vol.49—15——4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49, columella short, strongly curved and decidedly reflected over and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus, which joins the posterior angle of the aperture to the reflected edge of the columella, rendering the peritreme complete. The type and 2 specimens, Cat. No. 168605, U.S.N.M., come from San Diego, California. The type has 6 postnuclear whorls and meas- ures: Length, 6.3 mm.; diameter, 2.5 mm. The following specimens have been examined: Cat. No. 168605, U.S.N.M., 3 specimens from San Diego, California, one=figured type. Cat. No. 158771, U.S.N.M., 2 specimens from San Pedro, California, dredged in 10 fathoms (type of A. oldroydt Dall.). Cat. No. 128355, U.S.N.M., 8 specimens from San Pedro, California (beach drift and also living). Cat. No. 151732, U.S.N.M., 4 speci- mens from San Pedro, California, Cat. No. 213368, U.S.N.M., U.S.B.F. station 2932, 20 specimens off Coronados, California, in 20 fathoms, on gray sand and broken shell bottom. Cat. No. 271643, U.S.N.M., U.S.B.F. station 4347, off Point Loma Light, California, in 55-58 fathoms, on fine gray sand, broken shell, sponge, and mud bottom. (One specimen.) RISSOINA LAPAZANA, new species. Plate 30, fig. 6. Shell of medium size, milk white, excepting a single narrow periph- eral band of golden brown. Nuclear whorls large, a little more than two, well rounded, forming a mammilated apex. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, overhanging, and marked by about 14 feebly developed, distantly spaced axial ribs which are obsolete on the first and last turns. These ribs are about one-third as wide as the spaces that separate them. In addition to the axial ribs the whorls are crossed by subequal and subequally spaced, sinuous, spiral threads of which 7 occur on the first, 8 on the second, 11 on the third and fourth, and about 16 on the last turn. Of these the primary threads have been split usually on their mid- dle by the intercalation of incised lines. The lines separating these cords are narrower than the cords. Sutures well impressed. Periph- ery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, well rounded, marked by about 10 low, broad, spiral cords. Aperture large; outer lip very effuse, thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip strongly curved, thin, reflected over and appressed to the base. Thetype, Cat. No. 211410, U.S.N.M., was dredged by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 2823 in 264 fathoms on broken shell bottom off La Paz, Gulf of California. It is a perfect specimen having almost 6 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 6 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. , | ee No. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCH. 51 RISSOINA CONTABULATA Miorch. Rissoina contabulata M6rcu, Mal. Blatt., vol. 7, 1861, p. 68. Shell cylindric, scalate, with straight, distantly spaced, axial ribs. Of these ribs, which are squarish, about 14 oceur upon the last turn. They are sharply cusped at the summit and joined together at the periphery by a strong spiral cord. Suture channeled. The axial ribs on the last whorl are joined on the middle by a squarish spiral cord. Columella encircled by a spiral cord. Aperture trian- gular lunate. Length, 3 mm.; diameter, 1 mm. A single specimen from Sonsonate. To the above Moérch adds: Rissoa scalaris Frem. Mon., fig. 32, has a great resemblance to this species, and has likewise a decollated apex. Rissoa noiabilis Adams, Pan. Shells, p. 181, is not unlike it. The axial ribs and the two basal keels are angular with very deep interspaces. Carpenter, ‘makes the following statement regarding the Rissoa notabilis: After drawing this unique shell carefully under the microscope, and making copious notes on the diagnosis from the specimen, an untoward cough lodged it among the meshes of the curator’s carpet, whence I endeavored in vain to extricate it. This unfortunate accident, however, is the less to be regretted, as I can state with perfect confidence that it was exactly identical with another shell in the collection, p. 255, q. v.; and with M. 498, Parthenia quinquecincta. The “‘concave summits” of the ribs imply that the ribs are sharp, with concave interstices; and the ‘“‘upper keel” is simply due to the angulation of the whorls. Though the lip was broken, the columellar plait as well as the sinistral apex, escaped the professor’s notice. RISSOINA HISTIA, new spécies. Plate 33, fig. 9. Shell minute, highly polished, milk white. Nuclear whorls a little more than one, smooth, well rounded. Postnuelear whorls moderately rounded, appressed at the summit, polished, marked by exceedingly fine, microscopic, incremental lines only. Sutures moder- ately impressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded, marked by a single incised line. Base moderately long, well rounded, pro- vided with a strong fasciole anteriorly, polished, marked by a single incised line which is a little anterior to the peripheral one which it equals in length. Aperture very irregular in outline, oblique, chan- neled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip claw-shaped, twisted and sinuous, having a little projection in the middle of the basal line reinforced immediately behind by a strong varix; inner lip thin, appressed to the base with which it becomes completely fused, the continuations of the curved basal fasciole being responsible for the projection on the basal lip. The type, Cat. No. 151927, U.S.N.M., and another specimen were dredged by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at stations 1 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 189. 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 49. 2826 to 2828 in 94 to 10 fathoms, off La Paz, Gulf of California. The type has 9 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 2.8 mm.; diam- eter, 1.1 mm. RISSOINA ZELTNERI DeFolin. Plate 31, fig. 3. Rissoina zeltneri DEFouin, Les Meleagrinicoles, p. 47, 1867, pl. 5, fig. 1. Shell elongate-conic, white, shining. Nuclear whorls smooth, well rounded, forming a helicoid spire. Postnuclear whorls marked by feebly developed, decidedly protractive, closely spaced, rounded axial ribs, of which DeFolin figures about 26 on the sixth, 28 on the sev- enth, 30 on the eighth, and 42 on the penultimate turn. Intercostal spaces very feebly impressed, smooth. Suture well marked. Base moderately long, slightly concaved anteriorly, crossed by the contin- uations of the axial ribs which extend to the umbilical chink and about 14 equal and equally spaced, spiral lrations which pass over the intercostal spaces and ribs. Aperture rather large, channeled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip effuse, remforced immediately behind the edge by a strong varix; inner lip smuous, thick and appressed to the base. DeFolin’s figure shows a shell of 10 whorls which measures: Length, 4.5 mm.; diameter, 1.8 mm. It comes either from Panama or Negritos Island (probably Negros, Philippine Islands). I have not seen this specimen. RISSOINA LAURAE De Folin. Plate 31, fig. 7. Rissoina laurae DE Fourn, Fonds de la Mer, vol. 1, 1870, p. 268, vol. 24, fig. 3. Shell small, ovate-conic, crystalline, shining. Apex subacute. Whorls 8, sutures moderately well impressed, the last whorl equaling the rest of the sheil in length. Base well rounded, smooth, excepting a series of weakly developed spiral threads. Aperture semilunar, oblique; outer lip thickened, spirally lirated within. De Folin’s type comes from Panama and measures: Length, 2mm.; diameter, 1 mm. J have not seen this species and quote De Folin’s description and copy his figure. RISSOINA BURRAGEI, new species. Plate 32, fig. 3. Shell small, broadly conic, bluish white; nuclear whorls 24, well rounded, smooth; postnuclear whorls somewhat inflated, shouldered near the summit, marked by very strong, curved, protractive, sub- lamellar axial ribs, of which 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the — second and third, 16 upon the fourth, and 18 upon the penultimate . ‘ ; ; Va se LS eee no. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCH. 53 turn. These ribs become slightly attenuated near the summit, fre- quently fusing there, with the ribs of the preceding turn. Intercostal spaces about three times as wide as the ribs; marked by lines of growth only. Sutures well impressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base somewhat produced, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs, which fuse at the columella and there form a some- what tumid area. Aperture oval; slightly channeled at the posterior angle and at the junction of the columella and the outer lip; outer lip reinforced by a thick callus immediately behind the edge; col- umella short, very thick, and somewhat reflected and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The type and 12 specimens, Cat. No. 266595, were dredged by the author in shallow water in San Francisquito Bay, Gulf of California. The type has 6 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 3.7 mm.; diameter, 1.6 mm. In addition to these, the followmg specimens, all dredged by the author in the Gulf of California, are in the collection of the U.S.N. M.: Cat. No. 267155, 1 specimen from the same locality; Cat. No. 264653, 1 specimen from the head of Concepcion Bay; Cat. No. 267623, 5 specimens from head of Concepcion Bay; Cat. No. 267662, an additional specimen from same locality; Cat. No. 265940, 16 specimens from Mulege; Cat. No. 266287, 2 specimens from Agua Verde Bay. . RISSOINA NEREINA, new species. Plate 32, fig. 1. Shell small, elongate-conic, milk white. Nuclear whorls 3, de- cidedly rounded, scarcely increasing in diameter, forming a pupoid apex. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, increasing regularly in size, feebly shouldered at the summit, marked by strong, retractive axial ribs which are about one-half as wide as the spaces that separate them. Of these ribs, 14 occur upon the first and second, 16 upon the third, 18 upon the fourth, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. Inter- costal spaces well impressed, smooth. Suture strongly impressed, slightly smuous. Base of the last whorl somewhat prolonged, mod- -erately rounded, marked only by the continuations of the axial ribs which extend prominently to the umbilical area. Aperture large, feebly channeled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip thickened at the edge, thin deep within, where the external sculpture may be seen by transmitted light; a strong varix reinforces the outer lip immedi- ately behind its edge. Inner lip thick, slightly smuous, appressed to the base, rendering the peritreme complete. The type and eight additional specimens were obtained in shell washings at Point Abreojos, Lower California. The type has 54 post- nuclear whorls and measures: Length, 4.3 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. Cat. No. 105574, U.S.N.M., contains 9 specimens from the same lo- eality. Cat. No. 105560, U.S.N.M., 2 specimens from San Ignacio Lagoon. Cat. No. 105545, U.S.N.M., 2 specimens from Scammons Lagoon. RISSOINA EFFUSA Mirch. Plate 32, fig. 7. Rissoina effusa MOren, Mal. Blitt., vol. 7, 1860, p. 67. Shell small, elongate-conic, yellowish white, translucent. Of the nuclear whorls the last volution only remains, the first half of which is well rounded and smooth, while the second half bears a small, acute spiral keel on its middle. Postnuclear whorls strongly, slop- ingly, shouldered at the summit, marked by very flexuous, strong, acute axial ribs, of which 10 occur upon the first, 12 upon the second, 14 upon the third, and 16 upon the remaining whorls. These ribs extend prominently over the shoulder at the summit where they take a protractive curve which emphasizes decidedly the sinuosity of the ribs. The intercostal spaces are strongly impressed and about three times as wide as the ribs. Sutures moderately constricted. The periphery of the last whorl well rounded, base somewhat pro- longed, well rounded, marked by the continuation of the axial ribs which extend prominently to the callus at the end. Aperture mod- erately large, irregularly ovate, feebly channeled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip moderately thick at the edge, remforced im- mediately behind the edge by a strong varix; inner lip twisted and strongly curved, strongly reflected over and appressed to the base in the form of a callus; parietal wall covered by a thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The entire peritreme is heavier in this shell than in any other we have seen from the west coast. Our description and figure have been based upon the type which was kindly loaned to us by Mr. Ad. Jensen of the Zoological Museum, of Copenhagen. The type has 6 postnuclear whorls and measures: length, 4.8 mm.; diameter, 1.9mm. Locality, Central America, with- out specific designation. RISSOINA PLEISTOCENA, new species. Plate 32, fig. 2. Shell small, elongate-ovate, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls de- collated. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the sum- mit, marked by very strong, distantly spaced, lamelliform, pro- tractive, axial ribs which form continuous series from the apex of the shell to the base. Of these ribs 12 occur upon the first to third whorls and 14 upon the remaining turns. Intercostal spaces a little more than three times as wide as the ribs, smooth. Suture moder- ately impressed, rendered wavy by the sirong axial ribs. Base well ee Se eee ee eit a i a EN | hee - no. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCH. 55 rounded, short, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs which extend to the umbilical area. Aperture rather large, slightly chan- neled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip very thick, reinforced im- mediately behind the edge by a strong varix; inner lip very thick, somewhat sinuous, appressed to the base. Peristome complete. The type and another specimen, Cat. No. 7975, U.S.N.M., come from the Lower Pleistocene of San Diego. The type has 6 whorls and measures: Length, 4.8 mm.; diameter, 1.8 mm. RISSOINA CALIFORNICA, new species. Plate 33, fig. 1. Shell very minute, elongate-conic, semi-translucent, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls 27, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear turns well rounded, marked by strong, decidedly protractive, slightly sinuous axial ribs which are about half as wide as the spaces that separate them. Of these ribs 14 occur upon the first, and 16 upon the remaining turns. These ribs extend strongly from the summit to the sutures on each turn and are not at all constricted below the summit. The intercostal spaces are deep, well rounded, and smooth. Suture stronglyimpressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded, marked by the continuation of the axial ribs which extend over the somewhat prolonged base to the umbilical chink where they become slightly fused on the tumid area surrounding the umbilical region. Aperture oval; slightly channeled at the posterior angle and at the junction of the outer lip and the columella; outer lip reinforced immediately behind the edge by a thick callus; columella strongly reflected over and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The type, Cat. No. 271644, U.S.N.M., was dredged in 3 fathoms off South Coronado Island by Doctor Baker. It has 5 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 2.8 mm.; diameter, 1.2mm. Cat. No. 271645, U.S.N.M., contains the tip of a young specimen from Cata- lina Island, California. RISSOINA CLANDESTINA C. B. Adams. Plate 32, fig. 5. Rissoa clandestina C. B. Apams, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 5, 1852, p. 401. Shell very small, elongate-ovate, yellowish-white. Nuclear whorls 33, smooth, well rounded, separated by a well impressed suture. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, appressed at the summit, marked by protractive, somewhat sinuous, rather strong axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second and third, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. The spaces between the axial ribs are about three times as wide as the ribs and are smooth. Suture * 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. rendered sinuous by the summit of the strong axial ribs. Peri- phery well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded. Aperture decidedly oblique, oval; posterior angle acute, slightly channeled; outer lip very thick, remforced by a callus on the outside; colu- mella short, curved, very thick, reflected over and appressed to the base as a very thick callus; parietal wall covered with a thick callus which connect the outer lip and the insertion of the columella. Three specimens of this species are in the collection of Amherst College. They were collected by Professor Adams at Panama and served for his description. The one described and figured above has 5 postnuclear whorls in addition to the nucleus, and measures: Length, 3 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. RISSOINA MEXICANA, new species. Plate 33, fig. 6. Shell small, narrowly elongate-conic, bluish white, semi-translucent. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth, forming a truncated pupoid apex. Postnuclear whorls appressed at the summit, moderately well rounded, marked by well developed, retractive, axial ribs which are about one-half as wide as the spaces that separate them and form continuous series from the apex to the base. Of these ribs 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second, 16 upon the third and the penultimate turn.- Intercostal spaces smooth. Suture shghtly wavy, feebly impressed. Base of the last whorl slightly produced, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs which extend promi- nently to the umbilical area. Aperture moderately large, weakly channeled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip thin within where the external sculpture is seen by transmitted light, thick at the edge and reinforced immediately behind the edge by a strong varix; inner lip thickened, appressed to the base, rendering the peritreme complete. The type, Cat. No. 271646, U.S.N.M., was collected by the author along the rocky shores at Mazatlan. It has 44 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 2.7 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. Cat. No. 15422, U.S.N.M., contains 1 specimen from Guacomayo, Mexico, and Cat. No. 46167, U.S.N.M., 1 specimen from the Gulf of California. RISSOINA BAKERI Bartsch. Plate 33, fig. 4. Rissoina bakeri Bartscn, Nautilus, vol. 16, 1902, p. 9. Shell small, sub-diaphanous, milk white. Nuclear whorls 2, quite large, with beveled shoulder, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, somewhat angulated at the anterior termination of. the posterior fourth between the sutures, ornamented by 12 to 14 no. 2094. JOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCOH. 5 well developed, narrow, sinuous, protractive, axial ribs. Intercostal spaces about four times as wide as the ribs, marked by slender, very strong, axial threads. Sutures well impressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base rendered concaved in the middle by a slender fasciole at its anterior termination, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs and threads. Aperture large, very oblique, sub-oval, slightly notched at the posterior angle; outer lip reinforced by a thick varix immediately behind the edge; inner lip slender, strongly curved, appressed to the base, parietal wall covered with a thick callus. The type, Cat. No. 130562, U.S.N.M., comes from San Pedro, California. It has 5 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 2.7 mm.;diameter,1 mm. Cat. No. 271647, U.S.N.M., 1 specimen from Pacific Beach. Cat. No. 225186, U.S.N.M., 2 specimens dredged in 3 fathoms off Coronado Island. I have also seen it, from 12 fathoms, off Monterey, California. Cat. No. 271648, U.S.N.M., 1 specimen from Whites Point, California. Two from the same locality are in Mrs. Oldroyd’s collection. One in Dr. Fred Baker’s collection came from 3 to 7 fathoms, off Coronados Island, California. RISSOINA WOODWARDII Carpenter. Plate 31, figs. 2, 5. Rissoina woodwardii CARPENTER, Cat. Mazatlan Shells, 1856, p. 357. Shell small, elongate-ovate, semitranslucent. Nuclear whorls a little more than 3, smooth, forming a well elevated helicoid apex. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by slender, lamelliform, protractive, axial ribs of which 12 occur upon the first and second and 14 upon the remaining whorls. These ribs are about one-fourth as wide as the spaces that separate them. The intercostal spaces are marked by lines of growth which appear as fine lirations on the early whorls, becoming obsolete on the later. Sutures strongly impressed. Aperture decidedly oblique; posterior angle acute, outer lip thickened at the edge; inner lip very thick, reflected over and | appressed to the base, joining this with the outer lip to form a con- tinuous peristome. Seventy specimens of this species were collected on Chama and Spondylus; 11 of these are on Tablet 1706 in the Liverpool collection at the British Museum and 2 additional ones are on Tablet 1707 at the same place. Doctor Carpenter mentions in his Catalogue of Mazatlan Shells that an unusually large specimen measures: Length, 3 mm.; diameter, 0.8 mm. I have not seen this species and figure an unpublished camera lucida drawing by Doctor Carpenter of it. 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 49. RISSOINA NEWCOMEBEI Dall. Plate 33, fig. 7. Rissoina newcombei Dat, Bull. Nat. Soc. British Columbia, No. 2, 1897, art. 1, p. 14, pl. 1, fig. 2. Shell small, elongate-conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, marked on the first whorl by about 30 slender, pro- tractive, axial threads which are almost as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the second whorl about 42 of the same strength occur; here also the first indication of the more prominent ribs which are characteristic of the subsequent whorls, occurs. On the third whorl there are 14 slender, narrow, somewhat sinuous, pro- tractive axial ribs which are about one-fourth as wide as the spaces that separate them. In the intercostal spaces of these whorls there are usually three of the finer riblets described for the whorls above. On the last whorl, the prominent riblets again become enfeebled and the surface is marked by about 36 of the finer threads. Sutures moderately impressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base slightly concaved in the middle, marked by the continuations of the axial riblets. Aperture rather large, very oblique, slightly channeled posteriorly; outer lip claw-shaped, effuse, reinforced imme- diately behind the edge by a moderately thick varix; inner lip strongly curved, reflected over and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered with a moderately thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The type, Cat. No. 107421, U.S.N.M., was dredged in 20 fathoms in Cumsheava Inlet, Vancouver Island. It has almost 5 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 3 mm.; diameter, 1.1 mm. RISSOINA CLEO, new species. Plate 33, fig. 3. Shell small, clongate-conic, milk white. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, slightly shouldered near the summit. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, very feebly shouldered at the summit, marked by slender, very distantly spaced, somewhat sinuous, decidedly pro- tractive axial ribs, of which 16 occur upon the first, 18 upon the second and third, and 20 upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces about four times as wide as the ribs, marked by numerous, fine, irregular wavy markings which give a watered silk effect. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base of last whorl moderately long, concaved in the middle, having a slender fasciole at its anterior termination, marked by the feeble continua- tions of the axial ribs and the same wavy sculpture observed in the | intercostal spaces of the spire. Aperture large, decidedly effuse, no. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCE. 59 feebly channeled posteriorly; outer lip very thick and effuse, rein- forced immediately behind the edge by a thick varix; inner lip slender, curved and appressed at the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The type, Cat. No. 226456, U.S.N.M., was dredged in 3 fathoms off South Coronado Jsland. It has almost 5 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 2.8 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. RISSOINA CERROSENSIS, new species. Plate 33, fig. 5. Shell elongate-ovate, diaphanous. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the sum- mit, smooth, excepting feeble lines of growth and an occasional stronger thread. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately well rounded, without fasciole, marked like the spire. Aperture rather large, decidedly oblique, effuse at the junction of the outer and basal lips, feebly channeled anteriorly; outer lip thin; inner lip strongly curved, reflected over and adnate to the base; parietal wall covered with a moderately thick callus. - The type, Cat. No. 129318, U.S.N.M., was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 2983 in 58 fathoms on sand bottom, bottom temperature 55°, off Cerros Island, Lower California. It has 5 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 2.4 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. RISSOINA DALLI, new species. Plate 33, fig. 2. Shell small, elongate-conic, subdiaphanous. Nuclear whorls almost 2, inflated, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls moderately rounded, appressed at the summit, the appressed por- tion being somewhat excurved, lending the whorls the aspect of having a double suture. Whorls marked by numerous, very fine, closely spaced, almost vertical, axial threads which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. Suture feebly impressed. Peri- phery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture moderaly large, ovate; outer lip somewhat effuse, thick at the edge, thin within where the external sculpture is seen through the substance of the shell; inner lip moderately thick, strongly curved, reflected over and adnate to the base. Parietal wall covered with a thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. Cat. No. 107281, U.S.N.M., contains the type and 18 specimens from San Pedro, Cal. The type has almost 6 postnuclear whorls 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 49. and measures: Length, 2.8 mm.; diameter, 1 mm. Sixty-one speci- mens were examined from the same locality, in Mrs. Oldroyd’s collec- tion. Cat. No. 129334, U.S.N.M., contains 8 specimens from San Pedro. Cat. No. 225187, U.S.N.M., 3 specimens, dredged in 3 } fathoms off South Coronado Island. RISSOINA CORONADENSIS, new species. Plate 33, fig. 8. Shell small, elongate-conic, milk white. Nuclear whorls a little more than 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls moderately rounded, appressed at the summit, the appressed portion slightly excurved, marked by slender, slightly protractive, somewhat sinuous, axial threads of which 40 occur upon the first, 42 upon the second, 48 upon the third, 56 upon the fourth, and 52 upon the penultimate turn. These threads are separated by intercostal spaces about as wide as the threads. Suture well impressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base rather short, slightly concaved, marked by the continuations of the axial threads which extend undiminished to the umbilical area. Aperture oval, posterior angle acute; outer lip thin at the edge, thickened immediately behind the edge by a varix, thin deep within where the external sculpture shines through the sub- stance of the shell; inner lip short, strongly curved, reflected over and adnate to the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The type, Cat. No. 271649, U.S.N.M., was dredged by the U. 5. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 2932 in 20 fathoms, on gray sand and broken shell bottom, bottom temperature 58°, off Los Coronados Islands. The type has 6 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length, 3.5 mm.; diameter, 1.3 mm. Cat. No. 271650, U.S.N.M., 1 specimen, dredged by the Albatross at station 4309 in 67 to 78 fathoms on sand, shell and rocky bottom, off Pomt Loma, California. Cat. No. 162663, U.S.N.M., 1 specimen from San Martin Island, Lower California. RISSOINA JANUS C. B. Adams. Plate 32, fig. 8. Rissoa janus C. B. Apams, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 5, 1852, p. 403. The type of R. janus in the Amherst collection, collected by C. B. Adams, at Panama, is a very badly worn medium sized Rissoina, in which the ribs have been worn down to such an extent that one can scarcely count them. There are probably 20 on each of the last 2 whorls. It is absolutely impossible to decide whether spiral sculpture may have been present or absent. The only thing that will help in the identification of the present form with good material is the out- line. The part of the original description referring to this character evidently belongs to var. a, which is now named &. adamsi. PP Ne EG eS OS ee i A No. 2094. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS RISSOINA—BARTSCH. 61 The specimen has lost the nucleus; the 6 whorls remaining measure: Length, 4.5 mm.; diameter, 2mm. I have seen nothing in the collection examined that we could refer to this species. RISSOINA (Folinia) SIGNAE, new name. Plate 31, figs. 1, 4. =Rissoa insignis DE Foun, Meleagrinicoles, 1867, pp. 48-49, pl. 5, figs. 2 and 3, not Rissoa insignis Adams and Reeve, 1850. Shell elongate-ovate, white. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth; post-nuclear whorls exceedingly, strongly, tabulatedly shouldered at the summit, the axial ribs terminating at the angle of the shoulders in strong cusps. Axial ribs 12 upon all the turns, strong, sublamellar. Intercostal spaces about three times as wide as the ribs, crossed by very regular, fine, spiral striations. Sutures ren- dered deeply channeled by the summit of the whorls and wavy by the strong axialribs. Periphery well rounded, base somewhat produced, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs, which become evanescent on the middle and fine spiral striations; anteriorly at the insertion of the columella a strong fasciole is present. Aperture oval, consisting of almost two openings—one the main portion, the other smaller portion connected with this by a narrow slit. It is really formed by a triangular projection of the strongly callused outer lip and another, equally strong, projecting inward from the strong parietal callus to meet this; columella strongly curved. The type, which is said to come from Negrito Island (loc.?) or Margarita Island, Bay of Panama, measures: Length, 2.2 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. The measurement cited after each species is the actual length of the specimen. PLATE 28. Fia. 1. R. gisna, new species, type, 7 mm., p. 41. 2. R. helena, new species, type, 7.2 mm., p. 44. 3. R. favilla, new species, type, 7.1 mm., p. 48. 4. R. io, new species, type, 9 mm., p. 44. 5. R. expansa Carpenter, type, 9.1 mm., p. 46. 6. R. stricta Menke, 8.7 mm., p. 39. PLATE 29. Fie. 1. R. peninsularis, new species, type, 6 mm., p. 46. 2. R. barthelowi, new species, type, 7 mm., p. 48. 3. R. townsendi, new species, type, 5.3 mm., p. 48. 4, R. dina, new species. The fine sculpture on the spire has been omitted. Type, 7 mm., p. 45. a 5. R. fortisC. B. Adams. The fine sculpture on the spire has been omitted. Cotype, 7.5 mm., p. 40. 6. R. fortis C. B. Adams.” The fine sculpture on the spire has been omitted. Cotype, 6 mm., p. 40. Fig. Fire. Fic. oo bo a.) Be Cee WDAWDADADAD COS oh oe No by by by bu by by CON DK Bc ees Se aa PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Puate 380. . mazatlanica, new species, cotype, 6 mm., p. 43. . eccolpa, new species, type, 4.1 mm., p. 39. . mazatlanica, new species, cotype, p. 43. . kelseyi Dall and Bartsch type, 6.3 mm., p. 49. R. adamsi, new species, type, 6 mm., p. 47. Fe . pleistocena, new species, type, 4.8 mm., p. 54. . burraget, new species, type, 3.7 mm., p. 52. . frmata C, B. Adams, type, 4.7 mm.=type of R. scalariformis, p. 38. . clandestina C, B. Adams, type, 3 mm., p. 55. . firmata C. B. Adams, type, 4.7 mm., p. 38. . effusa Mérch, type, 4.8 mm., p. 54. barra aaah . lapazana, new species, type, 6 mm., p. 50. PuatTeE 31. . signae, new name, type, 2.2 mm., p. 61. . woodwardii Carpenter, back view, cotype, 3 mm., p. 57. . zeltneri De Folin, type, 4.5 mm., p. 52. . signae, new name, back of basal portion of last whorl, p. 61. . woodwardii Carpenter, cotype, 3 mm., p. 57. . inca D’Orbrigny, 8 mm., p. 42. . laurae De Folin, type, 2 mm., p. 52. . inca D’Orbigny, 8 mm., p. 42. PLATE 32. nereina, new species, type, 4.8 mm., p. 53. janus C. B. Adams, type, 4.5 mm., p. 60. PLATE 33. . californica, new species, type, 2.8 mm., p. 55. . dalli, new species, type, 2.8 mm., p. 59. cleo, new species, type, 2.8 mm., p. 58. bakeri Bartsch, type, 2.7 mm., p. 56. . cerrocensis, new species, type, 2.4 mm., p. 59. . mexicana, new species, type, 2.7 mm., p. 56. . newcombei Dall, type, 3 mm., p. 58. . coronadoensis, new species, type, 3.5 mm., p. 60. . histia, new species, type, 2.8 mm., p. 51. VoL, 49, PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 28 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM RECENT AND FossiL WEST AMERICAN RISSOINAS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 61. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 29 RECENT AND FossiL WEST AMERICAN RISSOINAS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 61.) PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 30 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM RECENT AND FossiL WEST AMERICAN RISSOINAS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 62. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 31 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM RECENT AND Fossil WEST AMERICAN RISSOINAS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 62. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 32 RECENT AND FossiL West AMERICAN RISSOINAS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 62. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 33 RECENT AND FossiL WEST AMERICAN RISSOINAS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 62. my fi : on REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON- FLIES OF THE SUBFAMILY OPIINAE. By A. B. Ganan, Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. It is the intention to present, in the following pages, a synoptic revision of the Braconid subfamily Opiinae for North America, including only those Mexican and West Indian species the types or paratypes of which are in the United States National Museum. Keys to genera and species are accompanied by descriptions of nineteen new species, together with some notes on described forms. With the exception of seven species described by H. L. Viereck, the types of which are in the Snow collection at the University of Kansas and not obtainable, type or paratype specimens of all the described species have been studied. Through Prof. S. J. Hunter, entomologist of Kansas University, notes on the Viereck types were obtained which, together with the original descriptions, have per- mitted the placing of these species in the keys. Thanks are due and are cheerfully accorded to the Rev. V. A. Huard, of the Provincial Museum, Quebec, Canada, for the loan of the Provancher types, and to Prof. S. J. Hunter for the notes already referred to. Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA. Family BRACONIDAE. Subfamily OPIINAE. 1862. Opioidae ForrstEr, family 24, Verh. d. Naturh. ver-Preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, pp. 229, 258. 1885. Opiides MARSHALL, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 11. 1887. Opiinae Cresson, Syn. Hym. North America, pp. 56, 61. 1888. Opridae MarsHaLL, Spec. d. Hym. d. Eur., vol. 4, p. 67. 1901. Opiinae ASHMEAD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, pp. 112, 133. 1904. Opiinae SzePLicretTI, Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum, Braconidae, pp. 5 and 158. Head transverse; occiput (except in the genus Ademon) never completely margined though usually margined at the sides; mandi- bles crossing at the tips and bi-dentate at apex; clypeus either fitting PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 49-—-No. 2095. 63 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 49, close to the mandibles or arcuated anteriorly leaving a transverse, elliptical opening between; antennae filiform. Thorax rather short and robust, the parapsidal grooves present or absent; anterior wings with three cubital cells, radial cell complete (open in the genus Ademon) and terminating at or somewhat before the wing apex though never shorter on the anterior margin of the wing than the length of the stigma, submedian cell usually a little longer than the median cell, anal cell never divided by a transverse nervure; posterior wing with the radius usually effaced, the submedian cell as measured on the median nervure at least one-third the length of the median. Legs normal, the posterior tibial spurs short. Abdomen inserted between the posterior coxae, subsessile or subpetiolate, usually shorter than the combined head and thorax, ovate or ellip- tical, the apical segments often somewhat retracted in the female; ovipositor variable, more often concealed or very short but frequently as long as the abdomen or even longer. Many Opiinae are not readily separated from some of the smaller Braconinae while others can easily be mistaken for small Alysiids. They can be distinguished from Braconines, however, by the longer submedian cell of the hind wing and the slightly different character of the opening between the clypeus and mandibles. From Alysiids they may always be distinguished by the mandibles. The group offers a few good characters for the separation of species but does not yield itself readily to separation into well-defined genera. Many of the recorded genera are based upon trivial and unreliable characters which make their retention impossible. American writers have confined themselves almost entirely to descriptions of isolated species in this group. Dr. W. H. Ashmead has given a generic synopsis in his Classification of the Ichneumon- Flies which is, however, largely a translation from Foerster. Cres- son, Provancher, Ashmead, Viereck, and the writer have published descriptions of species. Of those described by Provancher, only four species are properly placed in Opiinae. Several of Ashmead’s species also prove to belong in other groups of the Braconidae while four spe- cies described by him as Alysiids are really Opies. A number of forms are known to the writer, descriptions of which are not included in this paper for the reason that they are repre- sented only by imperfect specimens or specimens accompanied by insufficient data. Species of Opiinae have been recorded as parasitic on Dipterous, Coleopterous, and Lepidoperous insects. The usual hosts are phy- tophagous Diptera, belonging to the families Agromyzidae, Trype- tidae, Anthomyidae, and related families, but there can be little doubt that some species do attack Lepidopterous leaf-miners. That any are parasitic on Coleoptera remains to be proven. GS Ee ID COE TS ee No. 2095. THH BRACONID SUBFAMILY OPIINAH—GAHAN, 65 Silvestri’s observations on the parasites of African fruit flies! and my own experience indicate that the egg of the parasite is apparently in all cases deposited in or upon the host larva in one of its immature stages. In all instances observed, the host larva completed its devel- opment and assumed the pupal stage before being killed by the para- site. The parasitic larva then underwent its transformation in the puparium and emerged at about the time when the adult fly would have emerged. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE GENERA AND THEIR SYNONYMY. Ademon Hatipay, Ent. Mag., vol. 1, 1833, p. 266. : Allotypus Foerster, Verh. Naturh. ver. preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 259=Opius. Apodesmia ForrsterR, Vehr. Naturh. ver. preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 259=Opius. Aulonotus AsHmeap, Canad. Ent., vol. 32, 1900, p. 368=Opius. Austroopius SzEPLiceti, Termes Fuzetek, vol. 23, 1900, p. 64. Biophthora Foerster, Verh. Naturh. ver. preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 259=Opius. Biosteres Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver. preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 259=Opius. Cephaloplites Szerticet1, Termes Fuzetek, vol. 20, 1897, p. 600. Chilotrichia Foerster, Verh. Naturh. ver. preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 258= Opius. Cryptonastes Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver. preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 260= Opius. Desmatophorus Taomson, Opus. Ent., 1895, p. 2194=Opius. Desmiostoma Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver. preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 260= Opius. Diachasma Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver. preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 259=Opius. Diachasmimorpha Virreck, Proc. U. S.. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, 1913, p. 641=Opius. Diraphus WesmaEt, Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sc. Bruxelles, vol. 11, 1838, p. 89=Gnamp- todon. Eurytenes Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver. preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 259. Eutrichopsis Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver. preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 260= Opius. Giardinaia Perez, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 15, 1902, p. 631. Gnamptodon Hatipay, Ent. Mag., vol. 1, 1833, p. 265. Hedylus Marsuatt, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 16. Holconotus Foerster, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 259=Opius. Hypocynodus Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 260= Opius. Hypolabis Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 260=Opius. Iyiacra Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol 19, 1862, p. 258=Oplus. Mesotages Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 258= ?tHedylus. Nosopoea Forrstsr, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 260=Opius. Opiellus AsumeaD, Can. Ent., vol. 32, 1900, p. 368=Opius. Opius Wesmart, Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sc. Bruxelles, vol. ?9, 1835, p. 1165. Phaedrotoma Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 260= Opius. Rhabdospilus Taomson, Opus. Ent., 1895, p. 2198=Opius. Rhabdospilus Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 259= Opius. 1 Bull. No. 3, Div. of Ent. Hawaiian Board of Agriculture and Forestry. 81022°—Proe.N.M.vol.49—15 5 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 49. Rhinoplus Foerster, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 258. Stenospilus Foerster, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 259=Opius. Stiropius CamERoN, Journ. Roy. Agri. and Com. Soc. British Guiana, 1911, p. 329. Sulydus Buysson, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1897, p. 354. Therobolus Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 260=Opius. Trichopius THomson, Opus. Ent., 1895, p. 2176=Opius. Trigonospilus AsumEap, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1901, p. 134=?Opius. Utetes Forrstrer, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 261=Opius. Zetetes Forrster, Verh. Naturh. ver preuss. Rheinl., vol. 19, 1862, p. 258=Opius. The treatment of the genera as given here does not differ radically from that by Szepligeti except that the genera Biosteres and Diach- asma are combined with Opius. After a careful study of all the available material, including a number of European species, the writer is convinced that it is impossible to point out any character or group of characters that will always separate these groups. The extremes of the genus Opius as thus constituted appear at first glance to be quite different insects, but there is such a perfect grada- tion and duplication of characters from one type to the other that I am compelled to believe that they should constitute but one genus. The name Biosteres has been shown by Viereck! to be isogenotypic with Opius Wesmael, and to attempt to retain the old grouping would necessitate changing the generic names of the majority of described Opiinae. Stiropius is a genus described by Cameron from South America since the publication of Szepligeti’s monograph. Giardinaia, described by De Stefani Perez, is too insufficiently char- acterized to permit of its being placed in the key. It may or may not be an Opiine. Diaschasmimorpha Viereck, described from India, can not be dis- tinguished from Opius as here defined. Trigonospilus Ashmead, the type of which has not been located, is believed also to be an Opius. Key to the genera. 1. Occiput completely margined; radial nervure effaced before attaining the wing margin; body rumulosely sculptured ii. 35.28.2000 RE Ademon Haliday. Occipital carina incomplete; radial nervure attaining the wing margin; bay 4 usually smooth ‘arid ,polished 2.2) 00.. 2 01.0.2. 5.-232-..- J). eee 2. 2. Suturiform articulation deep, foveolate, and strongly arched, the convexity of the arch toward the apex of the abdomen; third tergite with an oblique furrow from the anterior middle to the lateral margins. ............-- Gnamptodon Haliday. Suturiform articulation obsolete, or if defined, then straight, shallow, and not foveolate; third tergite without oblique furrows..:................---++----+ 3. deecaypeus three-toothed .u.. spews ates ens Jes - ao Cae nee Sulydus Du Buysson. Clypeus not three-toothed..: 222... 2.2... ee 4, eeGlypous with a stout: horny. 220954. 02: .. gk AR fe Rhinoplus Foerster. Clypeus without a horn.............. aeeeetueecerseron dite Ss sa 5. 1 Bull. 83, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1914, p. 21. no. 2095. THE BRACONID SUBFAMILY OPIINAE—GAHAN. 67 5. First and second abdominal tergites with a median carina; second abscissa of radius not longer than the second transverse cubitus.............. Stiropius Cameron. Second tergite always without a median carina; second abscissa of radius usually longer than the second transverse cubitus...................0-.ceeeeceeceee 6. 6. Face with two stout horns..............-2...2...0..52... Cephaloplites Szepligeti. Mmm EME ICG. eet se 08} ot oyt. cela ree ae x 7. First cubital cross vein thicker than the other veins........Austroopius Szepligeti. See eMEMial CROSd WEIN TIOTMAD. ¢ ooo. 5. = - «= - wien ame d mo - Sdeimeelee~ cee nan 8. 8. Radius arising from the extreme base of the stigma............. Eurytenes Foerster. Radius arising distinctly beyond the base of stigma.....................------ 9. 9. Abdomen subpetiolate, the first tergite at least three times as long as broad; sub- discoidal nervure arising from the upper angle of the second discoidai cell; second cubital cell short, the second radial abscissa scarcely longer than ne second EON BIDE VOU oh tio iio p= saints qo hated a Hedylus Marshall. Abdomen subsessile or sessile, the first tergite not three times as long as broad; subdiscoidal nervure arising at or below the middle of the second discoidal cell; second abecisun: of, radius longer. 220.7. 30222..2. 604.2. 20)8 Opius Wesmael. Genus ADEMON Haliday. This genus is characterized by the completely margined occiput, the open radial cell, and the rugulose sculpture of the body. The recurrent nervure joins the first cubital cell some distance before the basal nervure, the second abscissa of radius is about equal to the first cubital cross vein, and the stigma is rather long and narrow. Ashmead placed the genus in his tribe Rhyssalini, but both Marshal and Szepligeti have placed it with the Opiinae. The writer doubts its affinity with the Opiinae, but has included it here for want of a better understanding of its relationship. ADEMON NIGER Ashmead. Rhyssalus niger ASHMEAD, Bull. Ill. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, 1895, p. 276. Male.—Length 2 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen to apex of third segment finely coriaceous and opaque; head transverse nar- rowed behind, the posterior orbits receding and broader than the width of the eyes; face rugose, the clypeus smooth, less than twice as broad as long and applied close to the mandibles; occiput concave, the occipital carina prominent; vertex behind the ocelli with a small subtriangular smooth area bounded by sharp carinae; antennae very slender, 24-jointed, the first flagellar joint much longer than the second and following joints; mesoscutum with the parapsidal grooves effaced except anteriorly; mesopleurae with a crenulate impression below propodeum irregularly rugose with a median longitudinal carina; wings longer than the whole body, the stigma long and narrow; legs very long and slender; abdomen ovate, about as long as the head and thorax, its first tergite much wider at apex than at base; suturiform articulation distinct, the third segmnet not half as long as the second; apical segments aah: Body color brownish-black; antennal pedi- cel, mandibles, all coxae, and all femorae yellow; apices of femorae, 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. all tibiae, and all tarsi dark brown; antennae black; wing veins and stigma pale brownish. Habitat.—Havana, Illinois. Four specimens bearing Illinois State Laboratory of Natural His- tory, No. 13068. According to Mr. C. A. Hart these specimens were taken by him September 23, 1894, on the shore of Quiver Lake, near Havana, Illinois, where they were found running about on the surface of duckweed (Lemna). Genus GNAMPTODON Haliday. This genus is like Opius, except that the second abscissa of radius is scarcely longer than the first abscissa, the second cubital cell very short, and the abdomen is quite different, the suture between the second and third tergites being deep, foveolate, and strongly arched, while the third tergite has an oblique furrow from the anterior middle to the lateral margins. The second tergite has a transverse, smooth, slightly raised area at base. GNAMPTODON NEPTICULAE Rohwer. Plate 34, fig. 1; plate 35, fig. 13. Gnamptodon nepticulae RoHWER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, 1915, p. 229. Habitat.—Virginia. Host.—Nepticula castaneacfoliella. Genus OPIUS Wesmael. The genus is sufficiently characterized in the description of the subfamily and the generic key. As here constituted the genus includes the vast majority of the American species of Opiinae. Key to the species of Opius. 1. Second abscissa of radius shorter or scarcely longer than the first cubital cross Second abscissa of radius longer than the first cubital cross vein............. ie 2. Mesopleurae striate, the striae arcuately curving from the superior to the posterior margin; abdominal tergites wrinkled........................ secundus Viereck. Mesopleurae not striate; abdominal tergites not all wrinkled................. 3. 3. Dorsum of the meathiorsec granularly sculptured; first transverse cubitus nearly obsolete; parapsidal grooves impressed and terminating posteriorly in a striate area; first and second abdominal tergites and basal Soaks of the third striate. appalachicolus Viereck’ Dorsum of the mesothorax smooth; first transverse cubitus distinct; parapsidal grooves incomplete and rarely terminating in a striate area; first and second terzites sometimes'striate: i Asie. oi 0 tide Ade eee 4. 4. Malar space longer than the width of a mandible at base..............-.---+e- 5. Malar space shorter than the width of a mandible at base............-...--- 10. 5. Posterior wing with a distinct postnervellus;! ovipositor strongly exserted..... 6. Posterior wing without a distinct postnervellus; ovipositor short............--- 8. 1 The name postnervellus is applied to a crossvein or stub of a vein, interstitial with the basal nervure in the posterior wing, and extending backward toward the posterior margin of the wing, parallel with ~ the nervellus. ——-- ” a re YS = eto a eS ew oe te eee Fe ae NO. 2095. THE BRACONID SUBFAMILY OPIINAE—GAHAN. 69 ‘iE 10. Le 12) 13. 14. 15, 6. Second tergite striate; wings BySUNGC LA eu Pees melleus, new species. Second tergite smooth; wings blackish or fuscous..........-.20..sececeeeereee vp. Clypeus anteriorly produced medially into an obtuse angle; mesopleural i impres. TOES le Eases Se oe es eae ees OL be ee crawfordi Viereck. Clypeus anteriorly truncate or only slightly rounded; mesopleural impression MPAIAL OVS Sec ant avin kde wr aalee asso l-'ce Sob Cita Sa ad sanguineus Ashmead. . Mesopleurae with a crenate impression..............00..0cec ccc eee cee ceeee 9, Mesopleural impression smooth...................200.e0eeeee kukakense Ashmead. also indotatus Viereck. . First abscissa of radius almost as long as the second and nearly half the length of the transverse cubitus; parapsidal grooves impressed to the middle of the TULESTD LT 1s 11 Aa a sg mm R-OESE NS TSS ORE politus Provancher. First abscissa of radius not half the length of the second and not more than one- third the length of the first cubital cross vein; parapsidal grooves effaced except at the anterior lateral angles of the mesoscutum.......... anthomyiae Ashmead. Mesopleural impression smooth; postnervellus absent; ovipositor scarcely ex- pemere: COlOl DIACKIuE Mkts Pete Gee sw ao a! foveolatus Ashmead. Mesopleural impression crenate; postnervellus present; ovipositor longer than the abdomen; colorstramineous. ....:. 2. 2...5-sinejeee eden ne ferrugineus, new species. Eyes small and nearly circular; malar space longer than the width of a mandible; mesopleural impression strongly crenate; mesoscutum without an impression medially in front of the scutellum; second tergite striate; ovipositor nearly as long as the abdomen; length, 4.25 mm.; head, tegulae, legs, and abdomen beneath pale yellow; rest of body black.................. flaviceps, new species. Eyes distinctly oval; malar space shorter than the width of a mandible, or, if longer, then not combining all of the above characters...................2- 12. Eyes distinctly diverging below and unusually large; ocell-ocular line hardly twice as long as the greatest diameter of an ocellus; malar space about half as long as the width of a mandible; wings fuscous; ovipositor about half the length of the abdomen; body- color testaceous; head and legs blackish. vierecki, new species. Eyes not especially large and not diverging below; ocell-ocular line usually dis- tinctly more than twice as long as the diameter of an ocellus; if shorter, then not combining all of the above characters................0.020202eceeeeee 13: Ovipositor as long as the body; posterior orbits about as broad as the diameter of the eye; clypeus and mandibles hardly separated; mesopleural impression smooth; mesoscutum without a median impression; antennae inserted about the middle of the eyes, 47-jointed; hind tibiae, all tarsi, the eyes and ocelli black; rest of the body pale testaceous........... brunneitarsis, new species. Ovipositor much shorter; otherwise not combining all of the above characters... 14. Head unusually thick antero-posteriorly, apparently not more than twice as broad as long as seen from above; posterior orbits broad and only slightly sloping; broad opening between mandibles and clypeus; mesoscutum without a median impression; mesopleural impression smooth; ovipositor half as long as the abdomen; head and thorax black; legs and abdomen testaceous; length “od ALLTAGT seid MER a bas CRC Big GUS |e eae VERSE Fae s DR BOR em crassiceps, new species. Head more transverse, appearing more than twice as broad as long; orbits some- times broad but usually more sloping; otherwise not combining all of the above MEIER cass aio mete eee aS Seo TA ee OC Re 15. Second abdominal tergite sculptured; suturiform articulation usually evident. 47. Second tergite smooth; suturiform articulation usually obsolete............. 16. . Parapsidal grooves complete; antennae ringed with white..............:.... 17. Parapsidal grooves incomplete; antennae not ringed with white............. 18, 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49, | 17. General color reddish yellow; recurrent nervure joining the first cubital cell; — antennal joints 16-19 inclusive white...........--.--.-- ashmeadt Dalle Torre. General color black; recurrent nervure joining the second cubital cell; antennal joints beyond the 14th to the apex white, the two apical joints fuscous. cincticornis, new species. 18. Mesoscutum with a median dimple-like impression or longitudinal slit in front ofthe scutellum 2.2222. .228.. cad S.-i bein Se er 19. Mesoscutum without a median impression ...-........----------++----+-e+-- 32. 19. Mesopleurae with a crenulate or foveolate impression below the middle. ..... 20. Mesopleural impression smooth or absent ....-....-----------+--+-+++-+++++- 28. 20. Mandibles and clypeus fitting close together, without a distinct opening be- BWROR GU GhictS se eos hohe an oe bee coe sina Oo gS ere usials aii ie ae 27. Mandibles and clypeus separated by a distinct opening......-....--.--.---. 21; 21. Median impression on the mesoscutum slit-like, extending to or beyond the middle of the mesoscutum; yellowish species. ........---..------------- pa de Median impression on the mesoscutum not extending forward to the middle of the mesoscutum; (blackish species except anasirephae) ...---..----------- 23. 22. Forewing from its base to apex of stigma fuscous; ovipositor nearly half as long asthe abdomeniee. ....-452- se. as ee Cee Juscipennis, new species. Forewing not fuscous; ovipositor short ......--...--- canaliculatus, new species. 23. Ovipositor nearly half as long as the abdomen; body color uniformly stramine- Ollss sls Jie GRR a eee 3 see eee ee eee oe ee anastrephae Viereck Ovipositor scarcely exserted; not uniformly stramineous....--.-.--.--------- 24, 24. Head, except a spot surrounding the ocelli, yellow; antennae inserted about the middle of theseyesee-uie teeth aes ele ae Ee tc provancheri Dalle Torre. Head blackish; antennae inserted a little above the middle of the eyes. ....... 20. 25. General color piceo-succineus, the head -above, dorsum of the mesothorax, and apex of abdomen brownish or piceus; length about 2 mm. .succinews Gahan, Head andothorax. polished, blackes-2 22 uci: Scie. Gb stam sit ee it= = Che t~ Se eee 26. 26. Abdomen except the first tergite yellow .........-..-..-- brunneiventris Cresson. Abdomen except the second tergite black ...-........------ cinctus Provancher. 27. Mandibles with a distinct tooth on the ventral margin near the base. mandibularis, new species. Ventral margin of the mandibles without a distinct tooth....uwtahensis Gahan. 28. Mandibles with a distinct notch or tooth on the ventral margin near the base.. 29. Ventral margin of the mandibles without a notch or tooth at base......... 315 29. Propodeum not coarsely rugose, more or less shining; stigma long and narrow; median impression on the mesonotum very slight, almost obsolete; first tergite nearly twice as long as broad and distinctly striate; first abscissa of radius rather lonigsss Seed 32th SH padi ett ese teeth) resets cee amplus Ashmead. Propodeum rather coarsely rugose; stigma subtriangular; median impression on the mesonotum deep and distimet.. 2. 5.5. 1. 35 6 jee so eS ot ea ee 30. BOsbenpib( sbi. “Scere: cece woe + sy cing isle be ole minmate ane basiniger Viereck. Bengt 2u/omimes tice es eee corn st Saetcieamcwer senses Joersteri, new species. 31. Sides of the thorax and more or less of the dorsum brown or castaneous; tegument — surrounding the median impression on the mesoscutum rugulose. nigrocastaneous Viereck. Thorax wholly black; mesoscutum wholly smooth... .coloradensis, new species. 32. Recurrent nervure joining the first cubital cell; mesoscutum conspicuously hairy — BWV OVORe & i'<.sjajnd sotideee See nstesed - = oust iod cep ene See 33. 9 Recurrent nervure interstitial or joining the second cubital cell; mesoscutum — not conspicuously hairy... - 3.2) es sens. os Sek ee bee = oe 34. no. 2095. THE BRACONID SUBFAMILY OPIINAE—GAHAN. (mi Sn nnn ne eeee Ut US gS aI DIE SIS a nn SNSSAgnS SSR 33. 34. 30. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. Propodeum with a median longitudinl carina; mesopleurae above the crenate impression smooth......-..-------++-++--+-++--e5- rufocinctus, new species. Propodeum without a median carina; mesopleurae above the crenate impression distinctly reticulated........-.---------++eeeeeeeeeeee aptcalis, new species. Mesopleural impression crenate or foveolate ......----+++-++--+ +e eee cere 35. Mesopleural impression smooth. ......--.---+---2--eeeee eee e eee eee cece eee 43. Head above, sides of thorax, and propodeum dark castaneous; face yellowish; propodeum nearly smooth; antennae 24-jointed in the male type. tibialis Ashmead. Head differently colored; thorax either wholly black or wholly pale yellow; propodeum usually rugose though not syle Seba! Ti ans She eeu 36. Uniformly pale yellow species. ...-..----------+++++++eeee sree sere e tree eee 42. Black species, the head and abdomen sometimes marked with yellowish...... 37. Head with the face and orbits, at least, yellow.......---.-...--+---+++--++--- 38. Head black or with only the lower part of face yellowish..............-...-- 39. Mandibles fitting close to the clypeus; mesopleural impression only slightly TUPULOSS..... 2-2 nn se ee eee eee ee ne cere sent eee ene cee luteiceps Viereck. Mandibles and clypeus separated by a distinct opening; mesopleural impression strongly crenate.....-.------------- 2222s reer reece rete eee aberrans Viereck. Length about two and one-half millimeters; propodeum rugose all over; antennae 29-jointed in the type....--.-.-------------+++--e+e eee unifasciatus Ashmead. Length about one and one-half millimeters; propodeum not entirely rugose, more or less shining, and indistinctly sculptured or smooth...........-..-------- 40, Second abscissa of radius more than twice as long as the first transverse cubitus; propodeum smooth; first tergite nearly smooth and dark red or piceus in color; second tergite piceus........-------++-++eeeeeeeee+--+++--montanus Ashmead. Second abscissa of radius distinctly less than twice as long as the first transverse cubitus; propodeum not wholly smooth..........--------++++++++++++++++ 41. 41. First tergite granularly sculptured and pale yellow; second tergite also pale yellowish... ....- 2.22.0. 00-- see e nee ee eter e cece ter ecens dimidiatus Ashmead. First tergite not granularly sculptured, black; second tergite blackish. tantillus Ashmead. Face practically smooth; recurrent nervure interstitial; antennae in the female type 29-jointed.......-...-------eeeeee eee e eee reer eee interstitialis Ashmead. Face rugulose; recurrent nervure joining the lower angle of the second cubital cell; antennae in the female type 24-jointed.............-.-------insularis Ashmead. Mandibles with a distinct notch or tooth on the ventral margin near the base; radial cell short and broad, terminating much before the extreme wing-apex. ehrhorni, new species. Mandibles without a tooth or notch on the ventral margin; radial cell terminating only a little above the extreme wing-apeX......-------+--++++-+20ee2ee0e- 44. Color testaceous or stramineous. .......---------- eee ee eee eee eter ee Stan eee ae 45. olor black... 2... - a dewey niet civ wisi ates ee ime ve erin oo es ose soe a en ees eee 46. Propodeum polished, smooth....-..--------+++++-++++++- commodus, new species. Propodeum opaque, rugose ...-..-------+-+2++eeeereerr ttre diastatae Ashmead. Propodeum and first tergite smooth; mesopleural impression absent or nearly so; legs fuscous, their coxae blackish........--.-------------++-7- bruneipes Gahan. Propodeum rugulose laterally and posteriorly; mesopleural impression present but smooth; legs including coxae pale......-------------+----+-- aridis Gahan. Face granularly rugulose; malar space distinctly longer than the width of a man- mala. Gt DAsEs sere. Bo Wie. 2s Sod bee. so 22 see suite eee salvini Ashmead. Face not granularly rugulose; malar space not distinctly longer than the base RRR AINE eee ore ies hows wD oeid a ciaiute os anne eee mae © ones = Sees Se wine = si 48. 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 49, a 48. Ovipositor about half as long as the abdomen; two diverging furrowson the second __ tergite prolonged nearly to the suturiform articulation . .melanocephalus Ashmead. Ovipositor concealed or very short; diverging furrows on the second tergite im- pressed only at the base of the tergite........ oe cen eC a eee: = eile ae ene 49. 49. Thorax depressed, flattened above, wider between the wings than high dorso- ventrally; coalesced second and third tergites granularly sculptured from hase PO Rap GIey JEU EEA Let. Sos eee ee Se eee siriativentris, new species. Thorax not depressed nor flattened above, not broader between the wings than high; coalesced second and third tergites sculptured before the suturiform articulation and either smooth or sculptured behind....................... 50. 50. Coalesced second and third tergites sculptured from base to apex, or at least beyond the suturiform articulation; propodeum smooth or very finely rugu- MORGUE 5 FERS UE. PORES So eis UD ete es ie ee eee = ee 51. Coalesced second and third tergites smooth beyond the suturiform articulation; propodeum ‘rugose’allover: 2: 52... 232.2282. keh apeh oe aE eee ee 53. 51. Propoderm smooth and polished; second tergite black or blackish. suturalis Gahan. Propodeum finely rugulose at least laterally and posteriorly; second tergite yel- 52. Propodeum opaque, granularly punctate all over; coalesced second and flared tergites wholly reddish stramineous, following segments only slightly darker; pleurae and propodeum reddish..........-.--.-------- gracillariae, new species. Propodeum finely punctate laterally and posteriorly, more or less shining above; first tergite blackish; coalesced second and third tergites beyond the suturiform articulation black as are the following tergites; propodeum and pleurae black. nanus Provancher. 53. Mandibles with the ventral margin complete; mesopleural impression crenulate. oscinidis Ashmead. Mandibles with a deep notch or tooth on the ventral margin near the base; meso- pleural impression ismooth:...).,52 <2 2/22 5-292 eeind Same americanus, new species. OPIUS SECUNDUS Viereck. Diachasma secunda VieREcK, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., vol. 19, 1905, p. 272. The type of this species has not been seen by the writer and it may prove not to be an Opiine. The striate mesopleurae and the wrinkled abdominal tergites apparently distinguish it from any other species in our fauna. Habitat.—Kansas. Host.—Unknown. OPIUS APPALACHICOLUS Viereck. Diachasma appalachicola VrERECK, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., vol. 19, 1905, p. 273. Type in the Snow collection and not examined. Apparently differs” from all other species in the granularly sculptured dorsum of the thorax. Habitat.—Kansas. Host.—Unknown. t ee ee ee ee eee eee ee ee ee eee ee ee j NO. 2095. THE BRACONID SUBFAMILY OPIINAE—GAHAN. 73 OPIUS MELLEUS, new species. Female.—Length 3 mm. Antennae longer than the body, 43- jointed in the type, the first flagellar joint about equal to the scape; head transverse, the vertex smooth and shining; frons smooth and _ bare medially but with a few obscure punctures and fine hairs toward the eye margins; eyes broadly elliptical, very slightly narrowed below and wider than the posterior orbits; face below antennae punctate and hairy with a slight median ridge which terminates some distance above the clypeus; clypeus punctate, about twice as wide as long _ down the middle, fitting close to the mandibles, its anterior margin rounded. Thorax sparsely pubescent, the hairs thickest on the propodeum and mesosternum; mesoscutum polished, trilobed, the parapsidal grooves nearly complete to the median slit-like impression in front of the scutellum; mesopleurae with an impressed crenate area below, otherwise mostly smooth; propodeum irregularly rugose. Wings hyaline; stigma broad, the radius arising from about the middle of stigma and attaining the wing margin above the extreme wing- apex about the length of the second transverse cubitus; first abscissa of cubitus shorter than half the width of stigma, second abscissa about equaling the first transverse cubitus; recurrent nervure interstitial; posterior wing with a distinct postnervellus. Abdomen ovate, a little longer than the thorax; first tergite striate with strong lateral and sublateral carinae; second tergite smooth laterally but with the median area strongly striate from the base to the subobsolete suturi- form articulation, third and following tergites smooth; ovipositor exserted the length of the body; eyes, ocelli, flagellum, and ovipositor sheaths black; apical two-thirds of the posterior tibiae, their tarsi, the apical joint of the median and anterior tarsi, and the wing veins and stigma dark brown; remainder of the body reddish stramineous. Type-locality.— Mount Washington, New Hampshire. Type.—Cat. No. 19356, U.S.N.M. Described from one specimen. Ashmead’s manuscript name is adopted. OPIUS CRAWFORDI Viereck. Diachasma crawford: ViEREcK, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, 1911, p. 181. Diachasma crawfordi Kern and Picapvo, Bull. Sci. France et Belg., 1918, vol. 47, No. 2, p. 203, pl. 1. This is a large yellowish species easily distinguished from all others by the characters. given in the table of species. There can be no doubt of the synonymy of the Keilin and Picado species with that of Viereck. The figure given by the former establishes the identity beyond question. Habitat.—Mexico. Host.—Anastrepha striata. 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 49. OPIUS SANGUINEUS Ashmead. Plate 35, figs. la, 1b. Phaedrotoma sanguinea ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1888, p. 655. Opius sanguinea (Ashmead) MarsHatt, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 47. Phaedrotoma sanguinea ASHMEAD, Insect Life, vol. 5, p. 135. Habitat.—District of Columbia and Missouri. Host.— Trypeta electa. OPIUS KUKAKENSE Ashmead. Desmiostoma kukakense ASHMEAD, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 251. Habitat.— Alaska. Host.—_Unknown. OPIUS INDOTATUS Viereck. Biosteres indotatus VierEcK, Trans, Kansas Acad. Sci., vol. 19, 1905, p. 273. This species has not been recognized and it can not be separated from the foregoing species by the original description. Habitat—Kansas. Host.—Unknown. OPIUS POLITUS Provancher. Plate 35, fig. 5. Opius politus ProvancneER, Nat. Canad., vol. 14, 1883, p. 16. Opius politus PROVANCHER, Faun. Canad. Hymenop., 1883, p. 804. Hedylus politus Provancner, Add, Faun. Canad. Hymenop., 1888, p. 381. Very similar to anthomyiae but differing in the characters made use of in the table of species. Habitat.—Canada and New York. Host.—Unknown. OPIUS ANTHOMYIAE Ashmead. Plate 35, fig. 6. Opius anthomyiae ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1888, p. 654. Habitat.—Michigan. Host.—A dipterous leaf-miner in dock. OPIUS FOVEOLATUS Ashmead. Plate 35, fig. 3. Opius foveolatus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1888, p. 654. A series of specimens of this species have been reared by the writer at College Park, Maryland, from leaves of Chenopodium album, mined by Pegomyia, sp. Habitat.—Maryland and Iowa. Host.—Pegomyia, sp. or NO. 2090. THE BRACONID SUBFAMILY OPIINAE—GAHAN. 7 OPIUS FERRUGINEUS, new species. Female.—Length 2 mm. Antenna longer than the body, 34- jointed in the type, the first joint of the flagellum about equal to the scape, joints toward the apex only a little longer than wide; head transverse; eyes elliptical, very slightly narrowed ventrally, wider than the posterior orbits; vertex and frons polished, very sparsely hairy; face below antennae hairy, with sparse obscure punctures and a distinct median ridge from the antennal line to the clypeus; clypeus short, transverse, its anterior margin somewhat concave, leaving a wide opening between it and the mandibles. Thorax smooth, sparsely hairy, the hairs thickest on the propodeum and mesosternum; mesoscutum trilobed, the parapsidal grooves obsolete on the posterior half, a deep dimple-like fovea medially just in front of the scutellum; scutellum smooth; mesopleurae with a crenulate impression; pro- podeum rugose. Stigma of the forewing broad and triangular, the radius arising from about the middle; first radial abscissa about one- third as long as the stigma is wide; second abscissa very slightly longer than the first transverse cubitus; radial cell short, terminating above the extreme wing-apex a distance about equal to the combined first and second abscissae of radius; second cubital cell narrowed outwardly; recurrent nervure joing the second cubital cell close to the basal nervure. Abdomen ovate, not longer than the thorax, its first tergite slightly longer than broad, with sublateral carinae from base to apex, the posterior half of the tergite between the carinae rugulose; segments beyond the first smooth; ovipositor exserted about one and one-half times the length of the abdomen. Kyes, spot enclosed by the ocelli, and the flagellum black; scape and pedicel brown; posterior tibiae except basally, all of the posterior tarsi and the terminal joint of the median and anterior tarsi brownish; wing veins and stigma yellowish-brown; ovipositor sheaths blackish; remainder of the body stramineous. Male.—Antennae thirty-nine jointed in the type; abdomen brown- ish on the dorsum and not so broad as in the female; otherwise essentially like the female. Type.—Cat. No. 19357, U.S.N.M. Described from a female and a male in the United States National Museum, bearing the number 18814, which is an accession number of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Mr. C. A. Hart, of the latter institution, kindly furnished the following information from their records: ‘‘Taken in sweepings along the shores of Lake Geneva, in Wisconsin, August 31, 1892.” 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 49. OPIUS FLAVICEPS, new species. Female.—Length 4.25 mm. Head transverse, a little wider than the thorax; face slightly hairy and indistinctly punctate, with a median ridge; clypeus truncate anteriorly, a little more than three times as wide as long down the middle and distinctly separated from the mandibles by a transverse opening; malar space slightly longer than the width of a mandible at base; eyes protruding and nearly circular; occipital carina strongly developed at sides of the head, absent behind the vertex; ocell-ocular line more than three times the diameter of an ocellus; mesoscutum polished, without a median impression posteriorly, the parapsidal grooves effaced except at the extreme anterior lateral angles; scutellum smooth; mesopleural im- pression breadly ovate and distinctly crenate; propodeum coarsely rugose; wings hyaline, the stigma broadly lanceolate; recurrent ner- vure joining the second cubital cell some distance below the basal nervure; first radial abscissa shorter than half the width of stigma, second abscissa slightly more than one and one-half times the length of the first transverse cubitus; radial cell long and terminating some- what above the extreme wing-apex. Abdomen long-ovate, its first tergite not much longer than broad and coarsely longitudinally striate, with strong sublateral carinae originating near the lateral basal angles and curved inward; suturiform articulation evident, second tergite striate, broad lateral margins of the second tergite and the third and following tergites smooth; ovipositor exserted nearly the length of the abdomen. Head except eyes, a spot enclosed by the ocelli, and the apices of mandibles stramineous; scape stramineous; flagellum black; thorax and dorsum of abdomen black, the venter of abdomen yellowish; legs including coxae pale stramineous; wing veins and stigma dark brown. Type.—Cat. No. 19358, U.S.N.M. One female specimen labelled Iowa Exp. Sta., Accession Catalog 716. Mr. J. E. Guthrie, of the Iowa Agricultural College, informs me that under the above accession number appears the following data: “Taken at Ames, Ia., by C. P. Gillette, July 4, 1890, sweeping in fields and woods.”’ OPIUS VIERECKI, new species. Plate 34, fig. 2. Female.—Length 4.5 mm. Head transverse, narrow antero-pos- teriorly, the posterior orbits above narrow and sloping; eyes very large; face smooth with a median ridge from the antennae to the clypeus; clypeus smooth, nearly four times as broad as long down the middle, separated from the mandibles by a broad opening; antennae broken; mesoscutum and scutellum smooth, polished, the parapsidal grooves deeply impressed anteriorly, becoming indistinct on the disk 3 2095. THH BRACONID SUBFAMILY OPIINAE—GAHAN. is of the mesoscutum; mesopleurae smooth with an impressed oval area below the middle which is not strongly crenulate; propodeum rugose with a transverse carinate line a short distance from the base and a median longitudinal carina before it to the base; the area behind the _ transverse carina is rugose medially with a large, shallow, subquad- rate pit, smooth within, at each lateral posterior angle; metapleurae smooth with three more or less well defined large pits along the upper margin; stigma of the forewing broad, the radius arising a little before its middle; second abscissa of radius about one and one-half times the length of the first transverse cubitus; first abscissa of radius less than the width of stigma; third abscissa curving slightly into the radial cell and attaining the wing margin only slightly above the extreme wing-apex; abdomen ovate, about as long as the thorax, its first tergite smooth with strong sublateral carinae from base to apex, and a median carina from about the middle to the apex; following tergites polished; ovipositor two-thirds the length of the abdomen. Head black, the clypeus and mandibles tinged with reddish; antennae black; thorax and abdomen dark stramineous; wings fuscous, the veins and stigma nearly black; all coxae and the posterior femorae concolorous with the thorax, rest of the legs dark reddish-brown. Type-locality.—_ Cuernavaca, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19359, U.S.N.M. Described from one specimen labeled U.S. Dept. Agri., No. 2089. This specimen was sent to the Department of Agriculture by Mr. Koebele along with a lot of (Diachasma) Opius crawfordi and is pos- sibly a parasite of Anastrepha striata. OPIUS BRUNNEITARSIS, new species. Female.—Length 5 mm. Head transverse, polished, the face im- punctate or nearly so, the clypeus with some large punctures; face with a strong median ridge; posterior orbits nearly as wide as the eyes; mandibles and clypeus hardly separated, -the latter about two and one-half times as broad as long down the middle; malar space about equal to the width of a mandible at base; ocell-ocular lne more than three times the diameter of an ocellus; thorax smooth and polished, the parapsidal grooves nearly obsolete on the posterior half of the mesoscutum, which is without a median impression in front of the scutellum; mesopleural impression smooth; propodeum rugose laterally, nearly smooth medially; metapleurae smooth; first abdominal tergite slightly longer than broad, rugoso-punctate be- tween the sublateral carinae, nearly smooth along the lateral mar- gins; following tergites smooth; ovipositor about as long as the abdomen. Wings slightly infuscated on the basal half; stigma long and not broad; first abscissa of radius about equal to half the width of stigma, second abscissa one and one-half times the length of the 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOu. 49. first tranverse cubitus. Eyes, ocelli, apices of mandibles, and an- tennae black; wing veins and stigma dark brown; all tarsi and the hind tibiae dark brown; remainder of body reddish stramineous. Type.—Cat. No. 19360, U.S.N.M. Described from a single specimen labeled Ames, Iowa, without further data. OPIUS CRASSICEPS, new species. Plate 34, fig. 3; plate 35, fig. 2. - Female.—Length 3.5 mm. Head transverse, smooth, more than usually thick antero-posteriorly; posterior orbits broad and only slightly receding, not as broad as the eyes; face impunctate or nearly so, the median ridge very slight and not reaching to the clypeus; eyes short oval; malar space equal to about two-thirds the width of a mandible at base; clypeus about three times as wide as long down the middle, the anterior margin rounded; opening between mandibles and clypeus broad; antennae 43-jointed, the first flagellar joint about three times as long as thick and scarcely longer than the second; ocell- ocular line equal to nearly three times the diameter of an ocellus; thorax smooth; parapsidal grooves effaced except at the lateral anterior angles of the mesoscutum; mesopleurae, smooth without an impression below themiddle; propodeumrugose. Forewing with the first radial abscissa equal to about half the width of stigma, the second abscissa more than one and one-half times the length of the first transverse cubitus; re- current nervure interstitial; second cubical cell much narrower at apex than at base; stigma not broad. First abdominal tergite rugose, the following segments smooth; ovipositor exserted a little less than half the length of the abdomen. Head and thorax black, mandibles rufous with their apices black; scape rufous, flagellum black; sides of prothorax, legs including coxae, and the whole abdomen rufo-strami- neous; ovipositor sheaths black; wings hyaline, veins and stigma dark brown. Type-locality.—Colorado. Type.—Cat. No. 19361, U.S.N.M. Two specimens without further data. OPIUS ASHMEADI Dalle Torre. Opius annulicornis ASHMEAD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., vol. 25, 1894, p. 136 (not Thomson). Opius ashmeadit Dattr Torre, Catalog. Hymenop., vol. 4, 1898, p. 59. Habitat.—St. Vincent. Host.—Unknown. OPIUS CINCTICORNIS, new species. Female.—Length 2.3 mm. Head a little more than twice as wide as long antero-posteriorly, smooth except the face, which is faintly wrinkled; face with a sharp median ridge; posterior orbits about. a 2095. THE BRACONID SUBFAMILY OPIINAE—GAHAN. 79 half the width of the eye; ocell-ocular line about three times the diameter of an ocellus; clypeus about twice as broad as long down “the middle and separated from the mandibles by a narrow trans- verse opening; malar space about equal to the width of a mandible at base; antennae 24-jointed in the type, the first flagellar joint about five times as long as thick and distinctly longer than the second; thorax smooth, the parapsidal grooves complete and deeply impressed throughout; mesopleural furrow crenate; propodeum rugose; stigma of the forewing broadly lanceolate; recurrent nervure interstitial; first abscissa of radius equal to about half the width of stigma; second abscissa a little more than one and one-half times the first transverse cubitus; radial cell extending to the extreme apex of wing. First abdominal tergite about one and one-half times as long as broad, broadening from base to apex and finely longitudinally striate; following tergites smooth; ovipositor very slightly exserted. Antennal joints beyond the fourteenth except the two apical ones white, scape testaceous, rest of the antennae brown; mandibles, palpi, and clypeus pale yellowish; face piceus; remainder of the head black; thorax black; legs, including coxae, pale stramineous; wings hyaline, veins and stigma pale brownish; abdomen mostly black, the second tergite stained with yellowish. Type-locality— Oswego, New York. _ Type.—Cat. No. 19362, U.S.N.M. Described from one specimen. OPIUS FUSCIPENNIS, new species. Female-—Length 3 mm. Head strongly transverse, mostly smooth, the face below antennae sparsely punctate, with a distinct median ridge; clypeus punctate, with the anterior margin nearly straight, about four times as broad as long down +he middle and separated from the mandibles by a transverse opening; malar space shorter than the width of a mandible at base; posterior orbits about two-thirds the width of the eye; ocell-ocular line equal to nearly four times the diameter of an ocellus; antenne 38-jointed in the type, inserted a little above the middle of the eyes, the joints unusu- ally short, first flagellar joint a little more than twice as long as broad, those in the middle scarcely longer than thick. Thorax smooth; median impression of the mesoscutum slit like and extend- ing two-thirds its length, parapsidal grooves deep anteriorly, but effaced before joining the median impression; mesopleural impres- _ sion strongly crenate; propodeum rugose, with a more or less distinct irregular transverse raised line before the middle; first abscissa of _ radius equal to about two-thirds the width of stigma, which is broad; second abscissa of radius about one and one-third times the length of the first transverse cubitus; radial cell terminating somewhat 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49, above the extreme wing apex. Abdomen ovate; first tergite a little longer than broad and scarcely narrowed at base, with distinct sublateral carina and a slight median carina on the posterior half, © the space between the sublateral carina elevated and rugose, the lateral margins of segment nearly smooth; tergites beyond the first smooth; ovipositor one-third the length of the abdomen. General color reddish stramineous; eyes, ocelli, antennae except scape, and ovipositor sheaths black; scape, apices of mandibles, and apical joint of all tarsi brownish; wings to or a little beyond the apex of stigma fuscous, hyaline at apex. Male.—Kssentially like the female. Type-locality.—Carlinville, Ulinois. Type.—Cat. No. 19363 U.S.N.M. The allotype is labeled Champaign, Illinois, and a paratype female — Roslyn, Virginia. Host unknown. Ashmead’s manuscript name is applied to the species. The type was collected by Chas. Robertson. OPIUS CANALICULATUS, new species. Female.—Length, 2.5 mm. Head strongly transverse, mostly smooth; frons faintly punctate laterally and the face more distinctly so, the latter with a strong median ridge; clypeus nearly four times as broad as long down the middle, with rather coarse sparse punctures, its anterior margin straight and separated from the mandibles by arather broad opening; malar space equal to about two-thirds the width of a mandible at base; posterior orbits half the width of the eyes and dis- tinctly receding; ocellocular line about three times the diameter of an ocellus; antennae inserted slightly above the middle of the eyes, 32- jointed in the type, the first flagellar joint about twice as long as thick, following joints shortening gradually; mesoscutum smooth, the median impression slitlike and extending forward to the middle of the mesoscutum, parapsidal grooves deeply impressed anteriorly but effaced on the posterior two-thirds; mesopleural impression deeply crenulate; propodeum rugose with a transverse irregular raised line or carina near the base; stigma of the forewing broad; first abscissa of radius equal to about half the width of stigma; second abscissa equal to about one and one-half times the first transverse cubitus; radial cell terminating slightly above the extreme wing apex; abdomen short, ovate; first tergite slightly longer than broad and a little wider at apex than at base, with a median carina on the apical half and with sublateral carinae, the space between the sublateral carinae elevated and rugulose, laterad of these carinae smooth; following tergites smooth; ovipositor slightly exserted. Eyes, antennae, most of the pro- and mesopleurae and the propodeum black; head, dorsum ~ of the thorax, the first tergite, and the legs reddish testaceous; : ~ ie. eS eee — ~~ + ae PE, eee a a, oe ee A ‘No.2095. THE BRACONID SUBFAMILY OPIINAE—GAHAN. 81 tergites beyond the first paler; ovipositor sheaths black; wings hyaline. Type-locality.—College Park, Maryland. Type.—Cat. No. 19364 U.S.N.M. One specimen, collected by the writer, July 11, 1911. Very similar to fuscipennis except for the hyaline wings. OPIUS ANASTREPHAE Viereck. Plate 35, fig. 4. Opius ( Utetes) anastrephae VirreEcx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, 1913, p. 563. Hatbitat.—Porto Rico. Host.—Anastrepha, sp. OPIUS PROVANCHERI Dalle Torre. Opius ruficeps PRovANCHER, Add. Faun. Can. Hym., 1886, p. 124 (not Wesmael). Opius provancheri DALLE Torre, Cat Hym., vol. 4, 1898, p. 64. Habitat.—Canada and New York. Host.—Unknown. OPIUS SUCCINEUS Gahan. Opius succineus GAHAN, Can. Ent., vol. 45, 1913, p. 149; Journ. Agri. Research, U.S. Dept. of Agr., vol. 2, 1914, pl. 4, fig. 3. Habiiat.—Indiana and Illinois. Host.—Agromyza parvicornis. OPIUS BRUNNEIVENTRIS Cresson. Opius brunneiventris Cresson, Trans Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 178. ? Opius brunneiventris (Cresson) Provancuer, Add. Faun. Can. Hym., 1888, p. 382. Habiiat.—Texas and ? Canada. Host.—Unknown. OPIUS CINCTUS Provancher. Opius cinctus ProvancneR, Add. Faun. Can. Hym., 1886, p. 124; 1888, p. 381. Habitat.—Canada. Host.—Unknown. OPIUS MANDIBULARIS, new species. Plate 34, figs. 4a, 4b; plate 35, fig. 9. Female.—Length 2 mm. Head and thorax polished; head trans- verse, the face sparsely punctate with a median ridge; malar space less than the width of a mandible at base; clypeus with the anterior margin slightly rounded, about two and one-half times as broad as long down the middle and separated from the mandibles by only a 81022°—Proc.N.M.vol.49—15——6 82 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 4). very narrow transverse opening, if at all; mandible with a distinct tooth or notch on the ventral margin near the base; antennae 29- jointed in the type, inserted a little above the middle of the eyes, the first flagellar joint two and one-half times as long as thick; ocell- ocular line about 2} times as long as the diameter of an ocellus; width of the posterior orbit about half that of the eye; mesoscutum with the parapsidal grooves impressed anteriorly for a short distance only; mesopleural impression deep and slightly crenulate; propodeum rugose. Stigma of the forewing narrow, lanceolate, with the radius arising distinctly before its middle; first abscissa of radius equal to about half the width of stigma; second abscissa more than one and one-half times the length of the first transverse cubitus. Abdomen ovate, its first tergite about as long as broad at, apex and fully twice as broad at apex as at base; irregularly striate; following tergites smooth; ovipositor hardly exserted. Head, thorax, and first abdom- inal tergite black; antennal flagellum black; scape, pedicel, clypeus, mandibles, palpi, legs including coxae, and the tegulae pale stramin- eous; second tergite concolorous with the legs, the following tergites blackish or brownish; wings hyaline, the nervures and stigma dark brown; apical one-third of the hind tibiae and their tarsi as well as the apices of the middle and anterior tarsi brown. Male.—Differs from the female only in the usual sexual characters. Ty pe-locality.—W ashington, District of Columba. Type.—Cat. No. 19365, U.S.N.M. Nine specimens labeled ‘‘Ex. Agromyzid in leaves of Chrysanthe- mum, Sept. 7, 1913, Mary Faunce collector.”’ OPIUS UTAHENSIS Gahan. Opius utahensis GAHAN, Can. Ent., vol. 45, 1913, p. 145; Journ. Agri. Research, U. 8. Dept. of Agr., vol. 2, 1913, p. 29, pl. 5, fig. 2. Habitat.— Utah. Host.—Agromyza parvicornis. OPIUS AMPLUS Ashmead. Adelura ampla AsHMEAD, Bull. Colo. Biol. Assoc., vol. 1, 1890, p. 19. Habitat.—Colorado. Host.—Unknown. OPIUS BASINIGER Viereck. Opius basiniger VinrecK, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., vol. 19, 1905, p. 270. The type of this species is in the Snow collection and has not been examined. Habitat.—Kansas. Host.—Unknown. . ; fg No, 2095. THE BRACONID SUBFAMILY OPIINAB—GAHAN. 83 OPIUS FOERSTERI, new species. Plate 35, fig. 7. Opius mellipes (Provancher) AsHMEAD, in Insect Life, vol. 3, p. 59. Female.—Length 2.75 mm. Head polished above, the face with setigerous punctures and a distinct median elevation; clypeus trun- cate anteriorly, more than three times as broad as long down the middle, with some large punctures; mandibles fitting close to the clypeus and with a distinct tooth on the ventral margin near the base; malar space shorter than the width of a mandible at base; posterior orbit slightly narrower than the width of an eye and rounded off behind; antennae broken but showing at least thirty joimts im the type; thorax polished; parapsidal grooves effaced except for a short distance anteriorly; propodeum rugose; mesopleural impression smooth; wings hyaline; first radial abscissa short, the second much longer than the first transverse cubitus; radial cell terminating above the extreme wing apex. First abdominal tergite slightly longer than broad at apex and rugose; following tergites smooth; ovi- positor barely exserted. Black; clypeus, mandibles, palpi, scape, pedicel, tegulae, legs, and abdomen, except the first tergite, which is black, pale testaceous; wing veins and stigma brownish testaceous. Male. —Similar in all respects to the female. Type-locality.— Kirkwood, Missouri. Type.—Cat. No. 19366, U.S.N.M. The female is described from 4 specimen reared by Miss Murtfeldt, September 25, 1881, and supposedly parasitic on Eulia triferana (=Lophoderus incertana). Ashmead determined this parasite as Opius mellipes Provancher and recorded the rearing as cited above. The allotype is a specimen from the Ashmead collection, the origin of which is unknown. OPIUS NIGROCASTANEWUS Viereck. Opius nigrocastaneus VIERECK, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., vol. 19, 1905, p. 272. Type in the Snow collection. The species is unknown to the writer. Habitat.— Kansas. Host.—Unknown. OPIUS COLORADENSIS, new species. Female.—Length, about 3 mm. Head transverse, smooth, pol- ished; face with distinct sparse punctures and a prominent median ridge; clypeus coarsely punctate basally, truncate anteriorly, and about four times as wide as long down the middle; mandibles with the ventral margin complete, only slightly separated from the clypeus by a narrow transverse opening; malar space shorter than the width of a mandible at base; posterior orbits about two-thirds the width 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. VOL, 49. of the eyes; ocell-ocular line fully three times the greatest diameter of an ocellus; thorax smooth and polished; propodeum rugose; stigma of the forewing moderately broad and long; first abscissa of radius about equal to half the width of stigma; second abscissa nearly twice as long as the first transverse cubitus; recurrent nervure interstitial or nearly so; first abdominal tergite rugoso-striate, broader at apex than at base, without distinct sublateral carinae, but with a sharp carina originating at each basal lateral angle and meeting on the median line before the middle of the tergite; remaining tergites smooth; ovipositor hardly extending beyond the apex of abdomen. Head and thorax black; scape, mandibles, tegulae, legs meluding coxae, and the venter and sides of abdomen bright reddish strami- neous; dorsum of abdomen reddish brown, the first tergite black; wings hyaline, the stigma yellowish, veins brownish. Type-locality.—Colorado Springs, Colorado. Type.—Cat. No. 19367, U.S.N.M. One specimen collected in August by E. S. Tucker at 5,915 feet elevation. OPIUS RUFOCINCTUS, new species. Allotypus rufocinctus AsHMEAD, MS. in Ent. News, vol 16, 1905, p. 297. Female.—Length 2.2 mm. Head strongly transverse; antennae broken in the type, the first flagellar joint about three times as long as thick; head above impunctate, the frons and vertex distinctly hairy laterally; face closely punctate and covered with long hairs; clypeus rounded on the anterior margin fitting close to the mandi- bles and scarcely twice as broad as long down the middle; ocell-ocular line about three times the diameter of an ocellus; posterior orbits much narrower than the eye; malar space not equal to the width of a mandible at base; mesoscutum faintly punctate and distinctly ‘hairy, the parapsidal grooves almost wholly effaced; mesopleurae smooth except the impression which is ovate and crenulate; propo- deum rugose with a distinct median carina; forewing considerably longer than the whole body, broad; radius arising from about the basal one-third of stigma which is not broad; first abscissa of radius shorter than half the width of stigma; second abscissa about one and two-thirds times the first transverse cubitus; second cubital cell narrowed toward the apex; recurrent nervure joining the first cubital cell about the length of the first abscissa of radius before the basal nervure; abdomen short, oval, not as long as the thorax, the apical segments retracted; first tergite striate, narrower at base than at apex, and a little longer than broad; following tergites smooth; ovipositor scarcely reaching beyond the apex of abdomen. Black; scape, pedicel, mandibles, except apices, palpi, clypeus, and all legs including coxae pale honey-yellow; flagellum brownish black; tips of mandibles and tarsal claws brown; apical one-third of hind tibae , ew, . . . oe PTOMUS ARAPAHOEN. second segment is indistinctly separated from sts. AnpomEN or FEMALE- - the first, is slightly shorter than the third, and **™ _ its length is slightly less than its width. The furcal rami are a little oe ll ial shorter than the third segment, are ciliated on the inner margin and have a few cilia on the outer margin also. (Fig. 3.) The female an- _ tennae reach slightly beyond the end of the cephalothorax. The male antennae are relatively longer, reaching beyond the middle of the abdo- men. Themale right antenna is moderately enlarged. Its antepenul- timate segment bears a slender, straight process, which reaches about to the middle of the ultimate segment. (Fig. 4.) The first basal segment of the female fifth foot bears the customary small spine. ‘The lateral hair of the second basal segment is slender. The first - segment of the exopodite is a little more than twice as long as broad. _ The claw of the second segment is slightly sinuous, its inner margin is finely denticulate, and its outer margin bears some small spines. There is a small spine at the outer distal margin of this segment. 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 49, The third segment is distinct and unusually well developed. It bears two spines, the inner of which is slightly setose and about twice as Fie. 4.—Dr- APTOMUS ARAPAHOEN- SIs. LAST THREE SEG- MENTS OF RIGHT AN- TENNA OF long as the outer one. The endopodite reéhes about to the middle of the first segment of the exopodite and bears two or three small spines near its tip. (Fig. 5.) The spine of the first basal segment of the male fifth feet is of moderate size. The second basal segment of the right foot is about one-fourth longer than wide and bears, at about the middle of its inner surface, a small hyaline appendage. The lateral hair is slender and arises at about the beginning of the distal third of the segment. The first segment of the exopodite is short and its outer mar- gin is much longer than the inner. At its outer distal angle it bears a hyaline appendage. The second segment is about twice as long as broad, having its greatest width a little beyond the middle. From this point arises the lateral spine, which is about as long as the segment, nearly straight, and uniformly tapering to a sharp point. It extends in a direction but little divergent from the axis of the segment. Its inner margin is very finely denticulate. This segment has asmall crescent-shaped hyaline elevation about the middle of its posterior surface. The terminal hook is considerably longer than the rest of the exopodite MALE. X188. p and tapers to a very fine point. It is falciform, with slightly recurved tip, and is finely denticulate on its inner margin. The endopodite reaches to about the middle of the second segment of the exopodite, and is moderately pointed at the tip, near which are a few very small spines. The left fifth foot, exclusive of the long appendages, reaches a little beyond the end of the first segment of the right exopo- dite, and including the appendages, extends nearly to the end of its second segment. The second basal segment of this foot is about one-fourth longer than broad. There is a small hyaline appendage on its inner margin just a little short of the middle and the lateral hair arises at the end of the second third of the outer margin. The combined length of the two segments of the exopodite about equals the length of the second basal segment. P16. 5—Dr . . . APTOMUS The first segment of the exopodite is about half as wide — ,rapanoen- at its distal as at the proximal end and its inner surface sis. Firm © ° FOOT OF FE- — bears a setose pad. The second segment is somewhat jure. x82. shorter than the first and there is a prominent setose pad 4 on its inner surface. The curved terminal processes almost equal — the combined length of the two segments. The outer one is blunt © no. 2096. NHW HENTOMOSTRACA FROM COLORADO—DODDS. LOL at the tip and bears on its convex (inner) surface a row of small teeth. The inner one is more slender, tapers uniformly to a fine point, and is finely setose. The endopodite nearly equals the exopodite in length and bears near the tip a few very small spines. (Fig. 6.) y ‘ Length of female, 2.1 mm. Length of male, 1.7 mm. ‘These are the measurements in the lakes where they attain the greatest size. In one lake they were respectively 1.6 and 1.35 mm. I have found this species in four mountain lakes in Colorado at elevations of about 11,000 feet. Three of these lakes, known locally as the Arap- ahoe Lakes, are located just east of the Conti- nental Divide a short dis- ) \\ tance from the railroad sta- tion Corona, on Rollins Pass. The. fourth, locality is)a! rice. gDraProuus lake about 12 miles farther ®4P4HOENsIs. Furra north. Diaptomus shoshone ~ eae Forbes is also found in each of these lakes. Type-locality.—South Arapahoe Lake, Colo- rado. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 47878, X\ U.S.N.M. Paratype, female, Cat. No. 47878, U.S.N.M. DIAPTOMUS LINTONI Forbes. a: er a Bee eee This species was collected and Last Taree secments or described by Forbes! from Yel- MALE RIGHT ANTENNA, SHOW- idm wwo.Exrmnus or LOWStone Park where he found THE APPENDAGE or THE it‘‘commonin lakes and pools.’’ i vu = = Apparently it has notsince been ) collected until it appeared in my collections from Colorado. During the summers ee alee of 1908, 712, 713, and 714, I have found it as an impor- wat seements oF tant part of the fauna of two lakes, known as Teller MAE GH 4 Lakes, near the town of Tolland, Colorado, at an ele- From rieurE or vation of 9,575 feet. Though collections were at the vik) same time made from a considerable number of other lakes in the same region, the species was found only in these two lakes. Forbes states that in Yellowstone Park it occurs commonly with D. shoshone. The two lakes in which I have found the species are just about at the | lower altitudinal range of D. shoshone in this region. In one of them it forms a minor part of the fauna and in the other I have never found it. ee ee a ee ee ete ele id Dis See i 18. A. Forbes, A preliminary report on the aquatic invertebrate fauna of the Yellowstone National Park, | Wyoming, and of the Flathead region of Montana. Bull. U.S. Fish Com., 1891, pp. 207-258. 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49, : These specimens agree well with the description of Forbes except in — one particular which seems worthy of comment. He figures the ante- penultimate segment of the male right antenna with a straight process, though in his description he does not state whether it is straight or curved. Marsh,‘ in his key, interprets it as a straight process. In my material this process is always decidedly curved, though it varies considerably in length. The condi- tions represented in figure 7 show the two extremes between which most specimens le. Figure 8 is a copy of Forbes’s drawing from the Yellowstone material. DIAPTOMUS SHOSHONE Forbes. This is the most common Copepod in the mountains west of Denver, where I have collected it at elevations from 9,575 to 12,188 feet, but mostly in lakes above 11,000 feet. It ranges along the highest parts of the Rocky Mountain range, having been collected by Forbes in the Yellowstone region and by Ward? at Pikes Peak. Though Forbes does not figure the female Fic.9.—D1artomus abdomen, hedescribes it as being asym- Seer aNE: oa metrical. Marsh * states that in the ’ Pikes Peak material he does not find this to be the case as does also Schacht? who studied Forbes’s collections. Marsh’s figures, however, drawn, I suppose, from the Pikes Peak material, show the first segment of the female abdomen as distinctly asymmet- rical. In my collections this asymmetrical condition prevails, as illustrated in figure 9. Marsh mentions the fact that he finds the endopodite of the female fifth foot and of the left male fifth foot to be indistinctly two- segmented. This is also the case with my specimens. It may also be worthy of note that in some lakes the appendage of the antepenultimate segment of the male right antenna is much longer than is the general rule, reaching well beyond the end of the ultimate segment. DIAPTOMUS LEPTOPUS, var. PISCINAE Forbes. LEPTOPUS, VAR. PIS- { Fig. 10.—DIAPTOMUS | CINAE. TERMINAL — This is the most common representative of the genus S.cuunts or MALE in the lakes of the Tolland region below 11,000 feet. rem7 anrEnna. In all my specimens the hyaline lamella of the ante- ~*~ penultimate segment of the male right antenna is expanded at the distal end into a very decided angle, as seen in figure 10. So far as I know, this has not been mentioned or figured for material from other localities. ~~ 1C, Dwight Marsh, A revision of the genus Diaptomus. Trans, Wis. Acad., vol. 15, pt. 2, 1907, pp. 381-486. — 2 C, Dwight Marsh, Report on the Copepoda, In A biological reconnaissance of some elevated lakes in the Sierras and the Rockies, by Henry B. Ward. Studies from Zool. Lab. Univ. of Nebr., vol. 3, 1904, pp. — 146-149. 5 8 F. W. Schacht, The North American species of Diapiomus. Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, art. 3, 1897. e FLIES OF THE GENUS AGROMYZA, RELATED TO AGROMYZA VIRENS. By J. R. Mattoon, Of Urbana, Illinois. The species dealt with in this paper belong to a group which is distinguished from all others in Agromyza by the black halteres. When at work upon the species of Agromyza in the collection of the United States National Museum in 1913, I had considerable difficulty in finding characters by means of which the numerous closely allied species could be separated and had to use minute ones which had not previously been given in descriptions of species of the genus. Because of this departure from previous usage, and also because I realized that I was dealing with a large and complex group. and not with merely a few widely distributed species, I refrained from associating but one of them with European forms. Just prior to the appearance of my paper one by Prof. A. L. Melander ap- peared,’ in which are given the names of several species of this group which belong to the European forms, but which are also said to occur in America. I have already given my reasons for refusing to adopt the course taken by Professor Melander? and believe that, inde- pendent of the fact that identifications of European species described by the old authors in this group are only guesses up to the present, from the existence of such a large number of very closely allied species I am justified in my refusal to recognize American species as synonymous with those of Europe until we know to what European forms certain names really belong. I have accepted the European species schinert as occurring in eastern Canada and Massachusetts because the description agrees with that given by Giraud, but more especially because the larve of the European species and that of the specimens from Massachusetts both make galls on twigs of poplar. It is not my purpose to deal with questions arising from the publication 1 Ann. Entom. Soc. Amer., vol. 6, No. 3, Sept., 1913. 2 Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc., vol. 21, No. 3, Sept., 1913. 3 Entom. News, vol. 25, 1914, p. 308. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 49—No. 2097. 103 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 49, of Professor Melander’s synopsis of this genus, but I am not inclined to consider it as even possible for simplex Loew and tibiae Couden to be varieties of maura Meigen. The larve of the latter makes galls upon twigs of linden, while simplexz' mines in stems of asparagus. The foregoing statements are not made with any intention of criti- cising Professor Melander’s work, but merely to justify my own attitude with regard to the use of European species names until we are in possession of reliable information as to what species these names really apply to. As a further evidence that extreme care is required when identifying specimens belonging to this group, I present the facts contained in this paper. I was obliged, when working upon the paper previously referred to, to request Mr. C. W. Johnson to examine the type of Agromyza virens Loew in Museum of Compara- tive Zoology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and report to me upon certain characters. Mr. Johnson kindly ‘did so, and upon his infor- mation I based my identification of Loew’s species. I had, however, a strong suspicion that I had more than one species before me, though the material was not sufficient to permit me at that time forming a definite opinion. Since coming to Illinois I have upon every occa- sion collected specimens of this group, until I have before me at the present time a series of three species which enable me to come to a conclusion with regard to their identity. A fourth species sent me by Prof. F. M. Webster is also included, which I have not succeeded in obtaining here. I give a synopsis of the four species below. This synopsis may be inserted in that which is given in my paper already referred to at the points in table where the name virens occurs. The type-specimen of gibson and paratypes, with exception of 4 specimens in the collection of the Ilinois State Laboratory of Natural History, have been returned to the Bureau of Entomology. The type-specimens of the other 2 new species are in the former collec- tion, while paratypes ‘vill be deposited with the Bureau of Ento- mology. Synopsis of Species. a! Last section of fifth vein at least as long as penultimate section. .riparia, new species. Last section of fifth vein distinctly shorter than penultimate section.........-.-- a® a? Five pairs of orbital bristles present; frons not noticeably buccate. subvirens, new species. Four.pairs of orbital ‘bristles present. -...:2.5. 02 .<.c «3... ale clam Sees See Calculated mineral compositions. WD OlOMItCS aoc cee ee ee cea te Se es scans 81. 65 89.98 73. 32 (OPM fein che Pan ee OOS A ELS GD) < al kp ie VAR ok a eer ae met ee See Ul 14.78 5.3L 24. 25 Sidenttesasey 2b Gata sie ee” Te kee ds | SU ae ea eR ae 0.40 0.18 0. 62 1 5:Yo} hc ee Ta a ey UE TOL STO LIEN ing Bee eyagee eee Lens § 0.58 0. 80 0.36 Qu aTtZ 2 5. Re is Bde: Baie meen a) Ae toe. fee eee 0. 25 0.31 0.19 (GAIMONUGE ho So genet Sta eR cs ieee ee 1,55 Qe Di 0.89 COPS O00 pati amet nang Ry psetie a OF NS eps eR MR Sie Ce eh 0.79 IVA 0.37 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 1. Composition of the oolitic limestone. 2. Composition of the ooids which have weathered out. 3. Calculated composition of the matrix, assuming that the ooids make up about half the rock. No. 2102. A PECULIAR OOLITE FROM BETHLEHEM—WHERRY. 155 Although the rock has probably undergone some alteration since its original deposition, it seemed worth while to make an analysis of it, the results of which are given in column 1, above. This shows it: to be a high-magnesian limestone. It is not possible to separate the ooids from the matrix in the fresh rock, but where slight weathering has taken place the ground-mass has become soft and sandy, and they stand out in relief and can readily be picked out. In the weath- ering process they have no doubt been altered slightly, so that their original composition is indeterminate, but an analysis, given in col- umn 2, shows them to differ from the rock itself to a greater extent than can be accounted for by weathering. Comparison of columns 2 and 3 in the table shows the ooids to be higher in dolomite, quartz, kaolin, limonite, and carbon, and lower in calcite and siderite than the matrix. That quartz and kaolin should be higher is to be expected, for grains of these minerals acted as nuclei for the formation of the ooids in the first place. That carbon should be higher is also normal, for low forms of life no doubt took part in the deposition of the con- centric coats of the carbonates. The greater amount of limonite is probably to be correlated with that of carbon, for the former has been produced by the decomposi- tion of pyrite, precipitated from circulating iron sulphate solutions by the carbonaceous matter. The reason for the greater amount of dolomite and smaller of siderite is discussed later. The significance of practically all of the above-described features becomes evident when the probable mode of formation of the ‘‘half- moon” oolite is considered. When the ooids were first formed they no doubt consisted of aragonite, whereas the matrix was dolomite- mud. Mixed with the aragonite, in varying amounts in the different concentric layers, was the carbonaceous pigment. After the solidi- fication of the sediment into rock and the development of joint cracks (but before the uptilting of the beds) waters penetrated along these cracks and along the bedding planes. Since aragonite is more soluble than the dolomite of the matrix, it dissolved away, leaving behind the carbon and the nuclei—sand grains and bits of kaolin—in some cases stripped of all concentrically deposited aragonite, in others still retaining a few layers. These settled to the bottom of the cavities in heaps, the shapes of which varied with the sizes of the nuclei and the stage in the solution process at which they fell into the masses of carbon powder. At some later period water again traversed the rock, but this time conditions were favorable to deposition instead of solution, and secondary dolomite filled up all openings in the rock, tension and joint cracks as well as the holes left by the removal of the ooids. As 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49." is usual in the recrystallization of carbonate rocks this secondary material tended to approach the normal dolomite ratio, although as the analysis shows, a slight isomorphous admixture of calcium and ferrous carbonates still remained. The secondary crystallization took place so slowly and quietly that the heaps of carbonaceous dust were not disturbed, but merely enclosed by the crystal grains, and their shapes preserved. The deposition of pyrite took place at still a later time. Migrating solutions brought in ferrous sulphate, which was reduced to sulphide by the carbon near the surface of the normal ooids, and around the black part of the divided ones. Apparently the rearrangement of the carbon particles in the latter rendered them more readily attacked, for both microscopic examination and the analysis show them to be the higher in limonite, which now takes the place of thepyrite. This last change, which represents the latest chapter in the history of the rock, was evidently brought about by the action of oxygen-bearing rain water. Ooids exhibiting all stages of these various processes are shown in the figures, examination of which will leave no doubt that this rock, which at first sight appears so remarkable, has had the comparatively simple origin here outlined. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PuatTeE 40. Fig. 1. A cross section of the oolite rock, natural size. Shows division of ooids into black and white portions, and lens-shaped patch in which many are unchanged, in the left-center. Cat. No. 88448, U.S.N.M. 2. The central portion of the same specimen, enlarged 5 times. Shows coarse crystallization of ooids, variable though usually convex dividing line between black and white portions, nuclei central in unchanged grains, but dropped into black portions in the divided ones. Puate 41. All enlarged 40 times. Fig. 1. Ooid showing nucleus but little displaced from center. 2. Nucleus, retaining several concentric coats, sunk in dark portion of ooid, the dark material being heaped up over it. 3. Nucleus, deprived of concentric coats, sunk in dark portion of ooid with less heaping up of material; specks of limonite surrounding dark portion prominent. 4, Nucleus entirely dissolved away, and line between dark and light portions of ooid straight. 5, An elongated ooid, with its nucleus of corresponding shape; the latter sunk in dark portion, which was, however, too viscous for it to fall flat. 6. An ooid with two nuclei. | U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 40 Cross SECTIONS OF OOLITE ROCK FROM BETHLEHEM, Pa. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 156. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 41 5 6 SECTIONS SHOWING STRUCTURAL DETAILS IN OOLITE FROM BETHLEHEM, PA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 156. ON A COLLECTION OF JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES (TIP- ULIDAE, DIPTERA) IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. By Cuartes Paut ALEXANDER, Of the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. INTRODUCTION. The present paper is based on the extensive collections of insects taken on the island of Java in 1909 by Messrs. Owen Bryant and William Palmer. The crane-flies of this collection number about 150 specimens referable to some 60 species. There has been a great amount of work done upon the crane-fly fauna of India and the East Indies in recent years and this has been accomplished for the greater part by the following workers: Wiedemann in his Diptera exotica (1821) and Aussereuropiiische zweifliigelige Insekten (1828) characterized a number of Javan species, His descriptions are excellent and very few of his species remain unrecognized. Francis Walker described a very considerable num- ber of species, since he had access to the immense collections of the British Museum and William W. Saunders, the latter including most of the material taken by Alfred Russell Wallace in the Malay Archipelago. Doleschall (1856-1858) described a few species from the Dutch East Indies. Van der Wulp up until his death in 1899 published a number of articles dealing with the dipterous fauna of Java; these papers contain splendid descriptions and often beauti- fully colored figures by the author. The living workers include Brunetti whose recent volume on the Diptera Nematocera of India (Fauna of British India, 1912) will do much to stimulate the study of this order in that country. Ender- lein, who has published one very valuable paper (1912), most of his East Indian material being from Sumatra. Riedel in a short series of articles (Supplementa Entomologica, No. 1, August, 1912; Ento- mologische Mitteilungen, vol. 2, August, 1913), has worked over Sauter’s Formosan collections. Edwards has given some very valu- able contributions to our knowledge of the Oriental and African faunas; his most recent paper, a revision of the difficult genus Styringomyia (1914) is especially helpful.. By far the most important work on the crane-flies of the island under consideration is that of Doctor de Meijere who has published a long series of valuable articles on the Dipterous fauna of Southeast Asia. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 49—No. 2103. 157 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 49. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. The following notes will serve to give some idea of the geographic and topographic conditions under which the collection was made. It should be noted that the name ‘“‘Pangranggo”’ is spelled in various ways. Reclus has it ‘“‘Panggerango,’’ and Wallace ‘Pangerango.”’ The form adopted in the present paper is the one appearing on the printed insect labels of the collection. Gedé and Pangranggo.—he western has a much greater mean elevation than the eastern section of the island, forming a plateau from 2,000 to 3,000 feet high. Here also the mountains are connected by lofty ridges or saddles, the former intervening valleys having been to a great extent filled in by outflows of lavas and showers of ashes and scoriae * * * East of this pass follow the far loftier cones of Gedé or the “Great” (9,800 feet) which gives its name to a whole group, and the neighboring Mandala-Wangi which exceeds it by 200 feet. The Gedé, properly so called, has frequently ejected scoriae and from its bleached crater, about 4,000 feet in circum- ference, jets of vapor are still emitted; sulphur is also deposited on the encircling walls while copious thermal streams flow from the flanks of the mountain. Gedé is connected by a narrow ridge with another and far larger crater which from the Sala wall on the south to Panggerango on the north side has a circuit of about two and a half miles. It is wooded to the summit, terminating in an inclined terrace whence numerous rivulets rapidly converge in a broad stream which was till recently visited by the rhinoceros. From this terrace, the highest point of observation in west Java, a panoramic view is commanded of both seas, with the intervening hills and plains, forests, villages and surrounding plantations.! Buitenzorg.—In 1774, Buitenzorg, that is ‘‘Sans Souci,’’ was chosen as a site of an official health resort and this place has by successive enlargements become a vast residence, now usually occupied by the Governor Generals of the Dutch East Indies. Lying 880 feet above the sea on a wooded slope between the Liwong and Dani river valleys, Buitenzorg commands a superb prospect of the surrounding forest-clad gloomy gorges and undulating heights, rising in one direction toward Mount Salak, in another toward Gedé * * * But Buitenzorg is not sufficiently elevated to be regarded as a sanitarium. Hence invalids and convalescents usually prefer the station of Sindang-Laya, which stands at an altitude of 3,560 feet on the northern slope of Gedé near the vast nursery grounds of Tjibodas.? Alfred Russell Wallace, who climbed the mountains of Gedé and Pangranggo in 1861, describes his experiences as follows: +e) By far the most interesting incident of my visit to Java was a trip to the summit of Pangerango and Gedeh Mountains, the former an extinct volcanic cone about 10,000 feet high, the latter an active crater on a lower portion of the same mountain range. * * * The first mile was over open country which brought us to the forest that covers the whole mountain from a height of about 5,000 feet. The next mile or two was a tolerably steep ascent through a grand virgin forest, the trees being of great size and the undergrowth consisting of fine herbaceous plants, tree-ferns, and shrubby vege- tation. I was struck by the immense number of ferns that grew by the side of the road. Their variety seemed endless and I was continually stopping to admire some new or interesting forms. J could now well understand what I had been told by the gardener, that 300 species had been found on this one mountain. * * * Continuing our ascent, the road became narrow, rugged, and steep, winding zigzag up the cone, 1 Elisée Reclus, The Universal Geography, vol. 14, p. 150-153. 2Idem, p. 185. no. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 159 which is covered with irregular masses of rock and overgrown with a dense, luxuriant, but less lofty vegetation. We passed a torrent of water which is not much lower than the boiling point, and has a most singular appearance as it foams over its rugged bed, sending up clouds of steam and often concealed by the overhanging herbage of ferns and lycopodia, which here thrive with more luxuriance than elsewhere.! On Mount Pangerango, between 5,350 feet and the top, 10,000 feet, the number of forest trees is about 350 species on the same area (300 hectares or 3 square kilometers) and about 1,400 species of non-arborescent phanerogams.? ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. I am indebted to the collectors of the material, Mr. Owen Bryant and Mr. William Palmer. The majority of the specimens, including the holotypes and uniques, are in the United States National Museum, and Mr. Frederick Knab, the custodian of the Diptera, has kindly afforded me every opportunity for studying this material. Most of the remaining insects are in Boston in the private collection of Mr. C. W. Johnson, to whom I am grateful for many kindnesses, both at this time and often in the past. . DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. Family TIPULIDAE. Subfamily LIMNOBINAH. Tribe LIMNOBINI. Genus DICRANOMYIA Stephens. Dicranomyia STEPHENS, Catalogue of British Insects, vol. 2, 1829, p. 243. DICRANOMYIA SALTENS Doleschall. ? Limnobia saltens Dotescnatt, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie, vol. 14, 1857, p. 390, pl. 11, fig. 3. One male of this species, Buitenzorg, Java; March, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). DICRANOMYIA CUNEIFORMIS de Meijere. Dicranomyia cuneiformis de ME1sERE, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, pp. 23, 24, 1911, pl. 1, fig. 2. One female from Batavia, Java; April 1, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). DICRANOMYIA ALBITARSIS, new species. Size large (wing of the male over 9 mm.); wings dark, the tip brown; tarsi white. Male.—Length, 7.4 mm.; wing, 9.5 mm. Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae dark brownish black. Head yellowish brown. ; Thoracic dorsum light brown without distinct darker markings, the postnotum indistinctly trivittate with darker. Pleura dull brownish 1A. R. Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, pp. 125-131. 2A. R. Wallace, The World of Life, 1911. 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 49. yellow. Halteres brown. Legs, femora brown, somewhat darker at the tip; tibiae brown; fore tarsi with the basal two-thirds of the metatarsus brown, remainder white, hind tarsi entirely white. Wings infumed with darker, the tip brown, a narrow brown seam on 7, veins dark brown; venation: (see pl. 42, fig. 1), Se ending far beyond the origin of Rs, Sc,, about three times as long as Sc,, Rs about three times as long as the deflection of R,,;. Abdominal tergites dark brown with about the apical half of each segment dull yellow, the sternites similar with about the apical two- thirds dull yellow. Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude, 4,500 feet (Bryant and Palmer). Type.—Cat. No. 19007, U.S.N.M. From the other described species with white tarsi, D. albitarsis differs as follows: D. saltens Doleschall and cuneiformis de Meijere have subcosta short, ending before the origin of the radial sector. D. longiwena Edwards! has the subcosta long but is a much smaller insect (wing 5 mm. instead of 9mm.). D. kobusi de Meijere ? has the tibiae white with black rings, the radial sector short, oblique, cell ist M, of the wings lacking, etc. D. novaeguineae de Meijere®* is larger, the tibizw paler, the venation quite different in the very short subcosta, the shorter radial sector and the position of cell /st If. DICRANOMYIA ATRESCENS, new species. Body-coloration dark slate-gray; wings subhyaline with the stigma brown. Male.—Length, 6.3 mm.; wing, 7.2 mm. Head dark brownish black, the mouth parts injured. Color of the thorax dark slate-gray with a sparse brown bloom. Halteres brownish black. Legs dark brown, the femora a little brighter than the other segments. Wings subhyaline, stigma rounded, brown, the margins not clearly defined; a brownish mark at the origin of fs; venation: Sc ending opposite the origin of Rs. Abdomen concolorous with the thorax; the pleurites of the hypo- pygium small, cylindrical; the ventral lobe large, almost globular, its inner margin produced entad into a sharp conical point that is fringed with long hairs along the caudal margin; the lobe itself is provided with scattered hairs and a dense short pubescence. Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude, 8,000 feet (Bryant and Palmer). Type.—Cat. No. 19008, U.S.N.M. 1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, 1911, p. 58; as Thrypticomyia. 2Bijd. tot de Dierk., vol. 17, 1904, p. 91, pl. 8, figs. 5, 6, Tijd. voor Entom., vol. 56, 1913, p. 343, pl. 15, fig. 8. 8 Tijd voor Entom., vol. 58, 1915, p. 101, pl. 1, fig. 7. ee Se eee No. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. T6r This insect is readily separated from the described species of the genus by its dark brownish black coloration and the peculiar shape of the ventral hypopygial lobe. The mouth parts are injured in my specimen and there is a possibility that it should more properly be referred to Geranomyia. DICRANOMYIA ERYTHRINA, new species. Size large (wing of the male over 10 mm.); thorax reddish brown; wing with Sc very long. Male.—Length, 9 mm.; wing, 11.6 mm. Rostrum short, light brown, the palpi dark brown. Head gray. Thorax reddish brown, the dorsum scarcely darker. Halteres rather long, light brown; the knob dark. Legs light brown, the tibiae and tarsi darker. Wings with a faint yellowish tinge, stigma indistinct, brownish, veins brown; venation: (see pl. 42, fig. 2), Se long ending just before the fork of Rs, Sc,, about three times as long as Sc., Rs about three times as long as the deflection of R,,,;. Abdomen reddish brown, the apical three or four segments much darker brown. Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude, 4,500 feet (Bryant and Palmer). Type.—Cat. No. 19009, U.S.N.M. This species agrees closest with D. nongkodjadjarensis de Meijere ' but is readily separated by its much larger size (wing, 10 mm.; in the other species, 7 mm.). DICRANOMYIA EXCELSA, new species. Head grayish; thorax reddish, the dorsum a litle darker; wings with the stigma distinct; abdomen brown. Male.—Length, 7.6 mm.; wing, 9 mm. Female.—Length, 8 mm.; wing, 8.7 mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae brown, the segments of the flagellum dark brown with a fine silky pubescence. Head dark slaty gray. Thoracic dorsum shining dark brown, the pleura yellowish black. Halteres light yellow at the base, remainder dark brown. Legs, coxae and trochanters yellowish brown, remainder of the legs brown, the femora paler at the base. Wings hyaline, stigma oval, brown; narrow seams of brown on the cross-veins and the deflections of veins; veins brown; venation: (see pl. 42, fig. 3), Se ending about midlength of Rs, Sc, twice as long as or as long as Se. Abdomen with the tip of segment two yellowish, remainder of the abdomen dark brown. Habitat.—Java. 1 Tijd. voor Entom., vol. 56, 1913, pp. 341, 342, pl. 16, fig. 7. 81022°—Proce.N.M.vol.49—15. 11 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 49. Holotype.—Male; Pangranggo, Java; altitude 9,000 feet (Bryant and Palmer). Allotype.—Female; Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude 8,000 feet. Paratypes.—Two males, with the allotype; altitude 8,000—9,000 feet, female, with the allotype; altitude 8,000 feet. Type.—Cat. No. 19010, U.S.N.M. Allied to D. alta de Meijere! but the antennae are shorter, the thoracic dorsum shining, not dull, wings not suffused with brown and the size larger (wing, over 8 mm.; in alta 6 mm.). DICRANOMYIA SIMPLISSIMA, new species. Media with but one free branch attaining the margin; thoracic dorsum shiny black. Female.—Length, 5 mm.; wing, 6.3 mm. Rostrum brownish yel- low, palpi brownish black. Antennae brownish black. Head dark brown, dusted with gray, provided with numerous black hairs. Pronotum brownish yellow. Mesonotal praescutum and the lobes of the scutum shiny black, remainder of the notum brownish. Pleura bright brownish yellow. Halteres brown. Legs, coxae, trochanters and femora at its base, bright yellow, remainder of the legs dark brown. Wings almost hyaline, stigma rather indistinct, brown, the veins brown; venation: (see pl. 42, fig. 4), Se very short, ending far before the origin of 2s; Rs short, arcuated, a little more than half as long as the deflection of R,,;; vein M simple, there being no cell 1st M, and M, fused with Cu, throughout; basal deflection of Cu, at the fork of J. Abdomen dark brown, sternites and ovipositor yellowish. — Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude 9,000 feet (Bryant and Palmer). Type.—Cat. No. 19011, U.S.N. M. There are but four species of this genus known that have the upper branch of media unforked. These are D. whartoni Needham (Michi- gan)? which has a long radial sector. D. tenella de Meijere (Java) * has a short sector, the thoracic dorsum shining yellow and is much smaller (length of the wing 4 mm.). The only other species is D. carneotincta, new species, described below. DICRANOMYIA CARNI!OTINCTA, new species. Media with but one free branch attaining the margin; thoracic dorsum reddish yellow. Male.—Length, 3mm.; wing, 4.3 mm. Rostrum and palpi red- dish brown, the latter rather darker colored. Antennae short, first 1 Tijd. voor Entom., vol. 56, 1913, p. 341, pl. 16, fig. 6. 2 23rd Report of the New York State Entomologist, 1907, pp. 211, 212, pl. 27, fig. 5. 3 Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 56, 1911, p. 27, pl. 1, figs. 11-13. no. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 163 segment reddish yellow, flagellum brownish black. Head with the front whitish, remainder dark brown. Thoracic dorsum reddish yellow, pleura dull yellow. Halteres brown. Legs, coxae, trochanters and the base of the femora light yellow, the latter darkening into brown, the tip quite dark, tibiac and tarsi brownish’ black. Wings hyaline, stigma rounded, indis- tinct, veins dark; venation: (see pl. 42, fig. 5), Se short ending far before the origin of #s, this distance longer than the length of the radial sector; the radial sector shorter than the deflection of R,,,;. Abdomen reddish yellow. Habitat.—Malay Peninsula. Holotype.—Singapore, Malay Peninsula; 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). Type.—Cat. No. 19012, U.S.N.M. This species differs from D. tenella de Meijere, the only species that is at all close to it, in having a much shorter subcosta and a longer radial sector. In tenella, Sc ends but a short distance before the origin of Rs whereas in carneotincia this distance is longer than the length of the sector. Genus GERANOMYIA Haliday. Geranomyia Hatrpay, Entom. Magaz., vol. 1, 1833, p. 154. GERANOMYIA NITIDA de Meijere. Geranomyia nitida de MEISERE, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, pp. 28, 29. One female from Batavia, Java; April1,1909 (Bryant and Palmer). The wing is shown on plate 42, figure 6. GERANOMYIA LINEARIS, new species. Rostrum brownish black; mesonotum dark brown, the humeral angles yellow; pleura yellowish; wings tipped with brown. Male.—Length, 5.8mm.; wing,6.2 mm.; rostrum,2.6mm. Rostrum elongated, much longer than the head and thorax combined, dark brownish black. Palpi biarticulate, dark brownish black. Head dark gray. Thoracic dorsum very dark brown, the humeral angles paler, yellowish. Pleura dull yellow. Halteres brown. Legs, coxae and trochanters yellowish, base of the femora yellowish, remainder of the legs brownish black. Wings suffused with brown, the stigma still darker, brownish; venation: (see pl. 42, fig. 7), Se long, ending just before the fork of 2s; Sc, near the tip of Se,, the two forks of Sc subequal in length; Rs twice as long as the deflection of R,,;. Abdomen dark brown, the ventral lobes of the hypopygium very long and slender, the tips more pointed, the lobe nearly three times as long as the pleura itself, Habitat.—Java. 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 49. Holotype.—Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude 4,500 feet (Bryant and Palmer). Type.—Cat. No. 19013, U.S.N.M. In de Meijeres key to the Javan species of this genus,’ this runs to G. nitida de Meijere which is a smaller insect with the pale mar- gin to the thorax broader, the wings not so dark, ete. GERANOMYIA JAVANICA, new species. Thoracic dorsum light gray narrowly lned with black; wings spotted with brown. Female.—Length, 6.8 mm.; wing, 7mm.; rostrum, 3.5mm. Ros- trum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae and head dark brownish black. Thoracic dorsum with the praescutum light gray narrowly lined with black; a broader median stripe including the dorsum of the pronotum and continuing to the suture; a much narrower, more delicate stripe on either side of this; lateral margin of the sclerite black; scutum with the lobes dark; scutellum gray, the caudal margin blackish. Pleura bluish gray, a yellow ventral stripe including the fore and middle coxae. Halteres brown. Legs, fore and middle coxae yellow; femora pale brown at the base, tip dark brown; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings with a slight suffusion; membrane with brown blotches, about seven being on the costa, the third at the origin of Rs, the fourth at the tip of Sc, the fifth at the tip of R,; brown marks along the cross-veins and deflections of veins; venation: (see pl. 42, fig. 8), Se long, ending just beyond mid-length of Rs; Rs between two and three times as long as the deflection of R,,,;. Abdomen dark brownish black, ovipositor light brown. Habitat.—Java. Holotype-—Batavia, Java; April 1, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). Type.—Cat. No. 19014, U.S.N.M. This species is allied to G. decemguttata de Meijere ? but the wing- pattern is very much heavier and the thoracic pattern entirely different. It also resembles G. pulchripennis Brunetti? but the thorax is grayish, not brownish yellow. Genus RHIPIDIA Meigen. Subgenus RHIPIDIA Meigen. Rhipidia Meicen, Syst. Beschr., vol. 1, 1818, p. 153. RHIPIDIA (RHIPIDIA) JAVANENSIS de Meijere. Rhipidia javanensis de Mrisere, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, pp. 31, 32. Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude 4,500 feet, a male; altitude 8,000 feet, a male; altitude 9,000 feet, a male (Bryant and Palmer). The wing has never been figured; it is shown on plate 42, fig. 9. 1 Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol 54, 1911, p. 31. 2Tdem, vol. 56, 1913, pp. 345, 346, pl. 16, fig. 11. 3 Fauna of British India, Diptera Nematocera, 1912, pp. 393, 394, pl. 8, fig. 1. No. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 165 Genus GONIODINEURA van der Wulp. Goniodineura van der Wutp, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 38, 1895, p. 37. GONIODINEURA NIGRICEPS van der Wulp. Goniodineura nigriceps van der Wutp, Tidschr. voor Entom., vol. 38, 1895, p. 38, pl. 2, figs. 3-5. One female of this interesting crane-fly from Buitenzorg, Java; March, 1909. (Bryant and Palmer.) The venation is shown in plate 42, fig. 10. The specimen measures 6.8 mm. in length with the wing 7.2 mm. Genus LIMNOBIA Meigen. Limnobia Mricen, Syst. Beschr., vol. 1, 1818, p. 116. LIMNOBIA ANNULIFEMUR de Meijere. Limnobia annulifemur de Mewere, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 56, 1913, pp. 344, 345, pl. 17, fig. 12. One female of this beautiful Limnobia from Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, at an altitude of 8,000 feet (Bryant and Palmer), Genus LIBNOTES Westwood. Inbnotes Westwoop, Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 1876, p. 505. LIBNOTES STRIGIVENA Walker. Limnobia strigivena WALKER, Proc. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 5, 1861, p. 229. Libnotes strigivena OstEN SackEn, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 31, 1887, p. 182. Libnotes strigivena Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ser. 2, vol. 4, 1889, p. 786, pl. 21, fig. 8. Libnotes strigivena de MeiseEre, Tijd. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, p. 35. Libnotes strigivena de Mewere, Tijd. voor Entom., vol. 56, 1913, p. 346. One male from Mount Salak, Java, May 15, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). It shows the following measurements: Length, 10.3 mm; wing, 15.3 mm. LIBNOTES, sp. A large species that comes close to poeciloptera Osten Sacken ! but the character of 2, beyond the cross-vein r is different from that described for this species. The material shows the following meas- urements: Male, length, 11-13 mm.; wing, 14-18 mm. Female, length, 16 mm.; wing, 18.5 mm. Three male and one female from Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, August 26, 1909, at an altitude of 8,000 feet, collected by Bryant and Palmer. The wing is shown on plate 43, fig. 11. 1 Ann, Mus. Civ. Genova, vol. 16, 1881, p. 403. 166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. LIBNOTES MONTIVAGANS, new species. Thorax reddish, with a dark dorsal line; wings hyaline, sparsely spotted with brown. Male.—Length, 5.8 mm.; wing, 7.4 mm. Female.—Length, 6 mm.; wing, 7.4 mm. Rostrum, palpi, and antennae dark brown. Head dark brownish gray. Thoracic dorsum brownish yellow, with a dark brown median stripe, which is narrowest in front, broader behind at the suture; lobes of the scutum’ dark brown. Pleura brownish yellow, brightest on the sternal sclerites. Halteres brown. Legs, coxae and trochanters dull yellow, remainder of the legs dark brown. Wings nearly hyaline, with brown markings as follows: a large stigmal spot, a smaller mark at origin of Rs, veins comprising the cord and outer deflection of cell ist M, broadly seamed; tip of wing slightly infumed; veins brown; venation: (see pl. 43, fig. 12), Sc, at the tip of Sc, and of equal length; Rs about five times as long as the deflection of R,,,; Rs long, arcuated at its base. Abdomen dark brown above, sternites indistinctly dull yellow. Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Male, Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude, 8,000 feet (Bryant and Palmer). Allotype.-—Female, topotypic. Type.—Cat. No. 19015, U.S.N.M. This species belongs to the group containing species like forcipata de Meijere, familiaris Osten Sacken, etc., forms that run very close to certain species of Dicranomyia. L. familiaris Osten Sacken ' has the radial sector almost straight, about twice the length of the deflection of R,,,; cell 1st M, long, as long as Cu, beyond the end of cell /s¢ M,; cross-veins seamed with brown. L. forcipata de Meijere? has the basal deflection of R,,, much longer than the cross-vein r-m; basal deflection of Cu, near the fork of Af; dark markings on the wings sparse, etc. LIBNOTES NERVOSA de Meijere. Iibnotes nervosa de Mevere, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, pp. 36, 37, pl. 2,.fig. 21. One male from Buitenzorg, Java, April 9, 1909, collected by Bry- ant and Palmer. LIBNOTES NIGRICORNIS, new species. Thorax yellowish brown; wings nearly hyaline. Male.—Length, 6.6 mm.; wing, 7.4 mm. Female.—Length, 6.5 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm. Rostrum, palpi, and antennae brownish black. Head brownish gray. 1 Berlin, Entom. Zeitschr., vol. 26, 1882, p. 89. 2 Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, pp. 38, 39, pl. 2, fig. 23. no. 21038. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 167 Thorax yellowish brown, the dorsum indistinctly darker; scutellum darker brown. Halteres rather short, knob brown, stem yellow. Legs, coxae, and trochanters dull yellow, remainder of the legs brown. Wings nearly hyaline, veins brown; venation: (see pl. 43, fis, 13), Sc long, extending far beyond the fork of Rs; Sc, near the tip of Se,. Abdomen dark brown. Habitat.—Java. Holotype-—Male, Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude, 4,500 feet (Bryant and Palmer). Allotype.—Female, topotypic. Type.—Cat. No. 19016, U.S.N.M. L. nigricornis is allied to L. forcipata de Meijere, but the antennae are dark throughout and the details of venation are different. Tribe ANTOCHINI. Genus PARATROPEZA Schiner. Paratropeza ScuineER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 16, 1866, p. 932. PARATROPEZA ORNATIPENNIS de Meijere. Gnophomyia ornatipennis de Mrwere, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, pp. 47, 48, pl. 3, fig. 34. Four males, Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, altitude 4,500 feet (Bryant and Palmer). This is the first species of the genus to be found in the Old World, the five species hitherto described being confined to the Neotropical region. It was described as a Gnophomyia but the whole habitus of the insect is Antochine and I believe that the insect should be referred to Paratropeza. The wing is shown on plate 43, fig. 14. Genus RHAMPHIDIA Meigen. Subgenus RHAMPHIDIA Meigen. Rhamphidia Metaen, System. Beschr., vol. 6, 1830, p. 281. RHAMPHIDIA (RHAMPHIDIA) APICALIS, new species, Body-coloration brownish; wings hyaline tipped with brown. Male.—Length, 5-5.8 mm.; wing, 5.7-6.3 mm. Female.—Length about 7.4 mm;wing,7mm. Rostrum moderately elongated, much longer than the head, dark brownish black, the palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown, rather elongated, in the male if bent backward, extending to the base of the abdomen; shorter in the female, extending about to the wing-root. Head dark brown. Thoracic coloration varying from light to rather dark brown without distinct stripes, the pleura brighter colored, more yellowish. Halteres light brown. Legs, coxae brownish yellow; trochanters light brown; femora light brown basally passing into dark brown 168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 49, beyond the base; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings hyaline, the tip narrowly brown; stigma distinct, oval, light brown; veins dark brown; venation, see plate 43, fig. 15. Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites light brown; valves of the female ovipositor very long and slender. Habitat.— Java. Holotype.—Male, Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude 4,500 feet (Bryant and Palmer). Allotype.—Female, topotypic. Paratypes——One female, topotypic; 1 male, topotypic, altitude 8,000 feet. Type.—Cat. No. 19017, U.S.N.M. From R. kambangani de Meijere,! from Java, R. ferruginosa Brunetti? R. unicolor Brunetti,’ and R. inconspicua Brunetti ;* the three last-named species from British India, this new form differs in the dark apex to the wings. EURHAMPHIDIA, new subgenus. Rostrum elongated as in Rhamphidia Meigen; differs from Rham- phidia, s. s., in the fusion of R,,, with R,,,; for a considerable distance beyond the radio-median cross-vein. This character occurs in no other member of this tribe of crane-flies with the exception of the genus Rhampholimnobia, new genus, described below. Type.—Rhamphidia nivertarsis Skuse. RHAMPHIDIA (EURHAMPHIDIA) NIVEITARSIS Skuse. Rhamphidia niveitarsis Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales, ser. 2, vol. 4, 1889, pp. 791, 792. Wings subhyaline, stigma oval, brown, veins brown; body-color- ation light yellowish brown; abdomen with the segments tipped with yellowish; legs with the knees and the tarsi white. Male.—Length, 5.6-6.6 mm.; wing, 6.4—7.1 mm. Female.—Length, 6.8-7 mm.; wing, 7-7.2 mm. Rostrum rather elongated, longer than the head, brown, the palpi dark brown. Anten- nae short, if bent backward, not extending to the wing-root, the flagellar segments very short with numerous long pale hairs. Head brownish gray. Thorax dull light yellow, the dorsum with a narrow dark brown median line; lobes of the scutum brown; postnotum brownish; in some specimens the thorax is darker, light brown, even the pleura being of this color. Halteres brown, paler at the base. Legs, coxae and trochanters dull brownish yellow; femora light yellowish brown, 1 Tijd. voor Ent., vol. 56, 1913, pp. 346, 347, pl. 17, fig. 13. 2 Fauna of British India, Diptera Nematocera, 1912, p. 418, pl. 8, fig. 8; pl. 11, fig. 11. 8 Idem, p. 419. ; 4Tdem, pp. 419, 420. 1 4 No. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 169 the tip broadly white; tibiae with the base white, this space being a little shorter than the tip of the femora, remainder of the tibiae brown except the apical fourth which is white; tarsi white. Wings subhyaline, stigma oval, brown, veins brown; venation: (see pl. 43, fig. 16), the fusion of R,,, and R,,,; beyond rm is longer than this cross-vein. Abdominal tergites 3 to 7 dark brown on the basal two-thirds, yellowish on the apical third; sternites more yellowish; hypopygium dark brown. Habitat—New South Wales; Java. Twelve specimens in the collection, as follows: Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; 3 males, 2 females, at 9,000 feet; 1 male at 8,000 feet. (Bryant and Palmer). Pangranggo, Java; 4 males, 2 females, 9,000 feet. (Bryant and Palmer). Skuse described this species from New South Wales and it has not been found since his time apparently. Genus RHAMPHOLIMNOBIA, new genus. “Antennae 15-segmented, the first segment elongated. Front between the eyes narrowed (in the female), on the lower surface of the head the eyes are contiguous. Rostrum very long, powerful, compressed, the tip apparantly broken in the unique type, length of the rostrum about equal to the head and thorax together, viewed from the side, the rostrum at the base is one-half as deep as the head, gradually narrowed toward the tip; viewed from above very narrow. Neck long and narrow. Venation: Rs elongate, gently arcuated at the base, R,,, and R,,; fused for a slight distance beyond the cross-vein 7m; R,,, short, arcuated; cross-vein r-m long, promi- nent; basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of J. Type.—khampholimnohia reticularis, new species. This genus differs from Elephantomyia in the contiguity of the eyes - beneath, the very powerful compressed rostrum, the venation as regards the basal fusion of R,,, and R,,;, the position of the basal deflection of Cu,, etc. RHAMPHOLIMNOBIA RETICULARIS, new species. Coloration brown and yellow; wings hyaline, reticulated with brown. Female.—Length, 8.2 mm.; wing, 6.4 mm.; rostrum (tip broken 8), 1.8 mm. Rostrum dark brown. Antennae with the first segment gray, the second dark brownish black, third segment light yellow, remainder of the antennae light brown. Head light gray with several large clove-brown blotches on the middle of the vertex and occiput. Cervical sclerites and pronotum brown; suture between the pro- and meso-nota yellow. Mesonotal prascutum light reddish brown 170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 49, with four darker brown lines; the middle pair longest, broader and more distinct behind; lateral stripes lying behind the pseudosutural foveae; region around the pseudosuture grayish yellow; scutum light brown, the lobes dark brown; scutellum and postnotum browr- Pleura dull gray, a dark brown blotch on the dorsal portions of the mesepisterna surrounding the anterior spiracle. Halteres light yellow, Legs, coxae dark brown; trochanters dull brownish yellow; remainder of the legs broken. Wings, costal cell and vein light yellow; remainder of the wing hyaline, veins brown; the membrane with numerous brown marks crossing the individual cells giving to the wing a reticulated appearance; venation: (see pl. 43, fig. 17), Se rather long ending before the cross-vein r-m; f,,, and FR, fused for a short distance beyond cross-vein r-m; F,,, short, arcuated, tending to be oblique; basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M. Abdomen dark brown, valves of the ovipositor dull yellow. Habitat.— Java. Holotype.—Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java: altitude 4,500 feet. (Bry- ant and Palmer.) Type.—Cat. No. 19018, U.S.N.M. Genus ORIMARGA Osten Sacken. Orimarga OsTtEN SacxeNn, Mon. Dipt. N. Amer., pt. 4, 1869, p. 120. ORIMARGA, sp. One injured specimen fom Buitenzorg, Java, March, 1909; this may be Orimarga borneensis Brunetti,’ as it agrees better with this insect than it does with O. javana de Meijere.? Genus STYRINGOMYIA Loew. Styringomyia Lorew, Dipterol.—Beitrag., vol. 1, 1845, p. 6. STYRINGOMYIA, sp. A male and a female from Buitenzorg, Java, March, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). A male from Pelaboean Ratoe, Java, October, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). This is probably S. jacobsoni Edwards,’ but the genitalia are not as described and figured by the author. The elongate hair on the dorsal pleural appendage is much longer, the ventral pleural appendage is differently shaped, the spine on the tip of the pleura is longer and sharper, and the median appendage to the ninth sternite is not expanded, as shown in figure 35 of the article. Whether or not all of the numerous species of this genus are valid is a question that can not be answered at this time. Mr. Edwards must be given all credit for giving to the world such a splendid revision of a very difficult group of insects. 1 Records of the Indian Museum, vol. 6, 1911, p. 280. 2 Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 56, 1913, p. 348, pl. 17, fig. 15. 3’ Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1914, pp. 220, 221, figs. 6, 7, 34, 35, and 73. No. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 171 Genus ANTOCHA Osten Sacken. Antocha OstEN SACKEN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 219. \ ANTOCHA JAVANENSIS, new species. Thorax grayish brown without distinct darker markings; wings whitish, stigma distinct; basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M. Female.—Length, 4.2 mm.; wing, 4.8 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae brown. Head grayish brown. Thoracic dorsum light grayish brown without distinct markings. Pleura grayish. Halteres yellow. Legs, coxae, and trochanters dull yellow; femora, tibiae, and tarsi light brown. Wings whitish, the stigma distinct, pale brown; veins brown. Venation: (see pl. 43, fig. 18), cross-vein r indistinct, basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of MV. Abdomen light brown. Habitat.—Java. Holotype—Pelaboean Ratoe, Java; October 19, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). Type.—Cat. No. 19019, U.S.N.M. This species agrees closest with Antocha indica Brunetti,! but the color of the iiucas} is quite different, the wings whitish with the stigma distinct, etc. Genus ATARBA Osten Sacken. Atarba OstEN SacKkEN, Mon. Dipt. N. Amer., pt. 4, 1869, 127. ATARBA JAVANICA, new species. Color of the body and wings yellowish; subcosta extending beyond the middle of the radial sector. Female.—Length, 6.8 mm.; wing, 7.2mm. Rostrum, moderate in length, shorter than the head, dull yellow; the palpi brown. An- tennae with the basal segments brownish yellow; the flagellum broken. Head, yellowish brown. Thoracic dorsum dull yellow without well-defined darker mark- ings. Pleura dull brownish yellow with an indistinct brown stripe; a slight grayish pruinosity above the middle coxae. MHalteres dull yellow. Legs, coxae, and trochanters dull yellow; femora yellow, very narrowly tipped with dark brown; base of the tibiae very nar- _rowly brown, remainder of the tibiae and tarsi dull yellow; the api- cal tarsal segments brown. Wings light yellow, the veins yellow. Venation: (see pl. 43, fig. 19), Sc long, ending beyond the middle of the radial sector; R,,, rather short and oblique, the space on the wing margin between Ff, and F,,, very much shorter than that between R,,, and R,,,; basal deflection of Cu, under the basal third of cell 1st M,. 1 Fauna of British India, Diptera Nematocera, 1912, pp. 426, 427, pl. 8, fig. 12. 172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 49. Abdominal segments dull yellow; the apical two-thirds of each segment dark brown. Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude, 8,000 feet. (Bry+ ant and Palmer.) Type.—Cat. No. 19020, U.S.N.M. Of the species of crane-flies described as Atarbae from the Oriental and African regions, Atarba flava Brunetti! is the only one that is congeneric with the type, picticornis Osten Sacken of the United States. The other species are almost without exception members . of the subgenus Leiponeura of the genus Gonomyia Meigen. The following may be mentioned: Atarba lamellaris Speiser,? Africa. Atarba nebulosa de Meijere,® Java. Atarba pilifera de Meijere,* Java. Atarba diffusa de Meijere,’ Java. Atarba javanica differs from A. flava as follows: 1. Sc short, ending just beyond the origin of Rs; R.,,; long, the distance on the wing-margin between R, and R43 at least as long as that between Ro,; and Janey (OTE Ge acres tee eaeon snes Sm eho SSpe Barat. Mencme Soc flava Brunetti. Sc longer, ending beyond the middle of Rs; R.,3; short, oblique, the distance on the wing-margin between R, and A2,; much less than half that between Feri MUNG Pugin CMAN ED) ova ctsiore a ieia rea are eta ewer otal aie tava eters javanica, new species. Tribe ERIOPTERINI. Genus ERIOPTERA Meigen. Subgenus ERIOPTERA Meigen. Erioptera Mrteen, Illiger’s Magazine, vol. 11, 1803, p. 262. ERIOPTERA (ERIOPTERA) JAVANENSIS de Meijere. Erioptera javanensis DE MrisERE, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, pp. 45, 46, pl. 3, fig. 28. One male from Pelaboean Ratoe, Java, October 16, 1909; one female, Buitenzorg, Java, March, 1909; collected by Bryant and Palmer. Subgenus ACYPHONA Osten Sacken. Acyphona OSTEN SAcKEN, Mon. Dipt. N. Amer., vol. 4, 1869, p. 151. ERIOPTERA (ACYPHONA) FENESTRATA de Meijere. Acyphona fenestrata DE MrtserE, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 56, 1913, pp. 352, 353, pl. 17, fig. 19. One female from Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude, 8,000 feet; collected by Bryant and Palmer. 1 Fauna of British India, Diptera Nematocera, 1912, pp. 435, 436, pl. 8, fig. 15. 2 Beitriige zur Dipteren fauna von Kamerun, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1913, p. 136, fig. 5, 6. 8 Studien tiber siidostasiatische Dipteren, V, Tijd. voor Ent., vol. 54, 1911, p. 42, pl. 2, fig. 25. 4Idem, p. 43, pl. 2, fig. 26. 5 Idem, pp. 43, 44. no, 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 173 Genus GONOMYIA Meigen. Subgenus GONOMYIA Meigen. Gonomyia MrtceEn, Syst. Beschr., vol. 1, 1818, p. 146. GONOMYIA (GONOMYIA) BRYANTI, new species. Cell 1st M?=closed; wings subhyaline. Male-——Length, 4.4 mm.; wing, 6 mm. Rostrum, palpi, and antennae brownish black. Head gray. Pronotum light yellow. Mesonotal praescutum and the lobes of the scutum dark brown; median line of the seutum and the scutellum light brown; postnotum dark brown. Pleura dull yellow. Halteres brown, the extreme base paler. Legs with the coxae and trochanters brown, remainder of the legs dark brown, unmarked. Wings hyaline or nearly so, stigma indistinct, veins brown; venation; (see pl. 44, fic. 20), Sec ending just beyond the origin of Rs; Rs long, gently arcuated; R,,, long, about two-thirds the length of the sector; basal deflection of R,,; punctiform so that 2,4, is in aline with Rs. Hypopygial pleurites moderately long, the dorsal appendage short, fleshy, pale; ventral appendage elongate, chitinized, provided with numerous long hairs and caruncles, its tip rather truncated; from the ventral inner side of the pleurite near its tip arises a small chitinized appendage shaped as in figure 49. (See pl. 47, figs. 48, 49.) Abdomen dark brown; hypopygium yellow, its appendages black. Habitate—Java. Holotype.—Male, Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude, 8,000 feet; August 26, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). Paratype.—Sex? , topotypic. Type.—Cat. No. 19021, U.S.N.M. Allied to G. affinis Brunettit in the venation but larger, the thoracic pattern different, legs much darker, ete. Genus MONGOMA Westwood. Mongoma Westwoop, Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 1881, p. 364. MONGOMA CARINICEPS Enderlein. Mongoma cariniceps ENDERLEIN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, 1912, pp. 60, 61, fig. L 1. _ A male and a female from Mount Salak, Java, May 15, 1909, collected by Bryant and Palmer. The female sex has never been described and I make this specimen the allotype. The coloration is quite as in the male, but the size is smaller (length, 11.5 mm.; wing, 10.3 mm.). 1 Fauna of British India, Diptera Nematocera, 1912, pp. 472, 473, pl. 9, fig. 7. 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 49, MONGOMA SAUCIA, new species. Allied to trentepohlii Wiedemann; a brown crossband along the — cord. Female.—Length, about 4.5 mm.; wing, 4.8 mm. Rostrum and q palpi dark brown. Antennae long, if bent backward extending to — just before the wing-root (in the female sex). Head dark. . Thoracic dorsum light brown without distinct darker stripes. Pleura rather darker brown. MHalteres dull light yellow. Legs, coxae and trochanters dull brownish yellow, remainder of the legs — light yellowish throughout. Wings hyaline or nearly so with pale — brown markings as follows: tip of the wing brown except a large | clear rounded spot in cell R,; a broken crossband at the cord; a brown seam along Cu; venation (see pl. 44, fig. 21). Abdomen dark brown. Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude, 7,800 feet (Bry- ant and Palmer). Type.—Cat. No. 19022, U.S.N.M. This species belongs to the trentepohlit group and is closest to trentepohlii Wiedemann ! but has a brown crossband at the cord. Genus CONOSIA van der Wulp. Conosia van der Wutp, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 23, 1880, p. 159. CONOSIA IRRORATA Wiedemann. S Limnobia irrorata WirpEMANN, Aussereur. zweifl. Insekt., vol. 1, 1828, p. 574. Seven females from Buitenzorg, Java, January 10, 1909, to March 25, 1909; one female from Batavia, Java, February 26, 1909; the material collected by Bryant and Palmer. This insect is probably the most widely distributed crane-fly in the Old World. It ranges from northeastern Africa throughout Asia as far north as Japan and eastward along the East Indian islands to Australia. Tribe LIMNOPHILINI. Genus EPIPHRAGMA Osten Sacken. Epiphragma OstEN Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 238. EPIPHRAGMA SIGNATA de Meijere. Epiphragma sigr.ata de MewsEre, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, p. 52, pl. 4, fig. 48. One female from Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, altitude 4,500 feet, collected by Bryant and Palmer. 1 Aussereur. zweifl. Insekt., vol. 1, 1828, p. 551, pl. 60, fig. 12. BNO. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. P75 Genus LIMNOPHILA Macquart. | Limnophila Macquart, Suite a Buffon, Dipteres, vol. 1, 1834, p. 95. LIMNOPHILA AMICA, new species. Body-coloration shiny brown; wings brown; cell 2, very short, cell M, absent. Male.—Length about 5.5 mm.; wing,6mm. Rostrum short, dull brown, the palpi brownish black. Antennae rather short, the seg- ments of the flagellum oval; antennae dark brownish black through- out. Head dark brown, shiny. Thoracic dorsum dark brown, shiny, the scutellum more yellow- ish. Pleura dull yellow. Halteres rather long, brown. Legs, coxae, and trochanters yellow; femora dark brown, paler at the base; tibiae black; tarsi broken. Wings pale brown, the stigma almost indistinct; veins dark brown; venation: (see pl. 44, fig. 22), Rs very long, straight; fork of #,,, short, much shorter than its petiole; cross vein r far before the fork of #,,,; cell I, absent; cells R, and R, in a line; basal deflection of Cu, at about two-thirds the length of cell /st I. _ Abdominal tergites dark brown, with a sparse gray bloom and long white hairs; sternites yellow, with a large dark brown blotch on the middle of each segment at the base. Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude 4,500 feet. (Bryant and Palmer.) Type.—Cat. No. 19023, U.S.N.M. This insect suggests L. opaca de Meijere,! but the cross vein r is far before the fork of F,,,, the cell &, quite differently shaped, etc. LIMNOPHILA PALMER], new species. Body-coloration brown; wings light brown, stigma distinct; cell IM, present. Male.—Length, 6.3-7 mm.; wing, 7.4-7.5 mm. Rostrum brown, the palpi rather darker. Antennae very short, dark brown, the flagellar segments decreasing rapidly in size. Front dull yellow, remainder of the head dark grayish brown. Thoracic dorsum dull yellow, rather shiny, with three dark brown stripes which are confluent behind; the lateral stripes short, begin- ning behind the pseudosutural region. Pleura dull brownish yellow. Halteres rather short, light brown, the knob darker. Legs, coxae, and trochanters dull yellow, femora brown, darkened beyond the base, tibiae and tarsi dark brownish black. Wings light brown, the stigma elongate, dark brown, veins dark brown; venation: (see pl. 44, fig. 23), Rs long, gently arcuated at the base; petiole of cell R, 1 Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, pp. 52, 53, pl. 4, fig. 44. 176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 49, moderately long, a little longer than the deflection of Cu,; cell 1, longer than its petiole; basal deflection of Cu, just beyond the fork of M. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the lateral margins of the segments paler brown; sternites dull brownish yellow. Halitat.—Java. Holotype.—Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude 5,000 feet. (Bryant and Palmer.) Paratype.—Male, topotypic. Type.—Cat. No. 19024, U.S.N.M. The only regional form that agrees at all with this species is L. pallidicoxa Brunetti,! but here the thorax is gray, not brown, ete. L. simplex Brunetti? is much smaller; the name is preoccupied by Limnophila simplex Alexander * from the Eastern United States. Subgenus DICRANOPHRAGMA Osten Sacken. Dicranophragma Osten SackEN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 240. LIMNOPHILA (DICRANOPHRAGMA) REMOTA de Meijere. Dicranophragma remota de MrweEre£, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 56, 1914, pp. 1, 2, pl. 1,-fig. 1. One male from Buitenzorg, Java, April, 1909. Two males from Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, altitude 4,500 and 9,000 feet. The material at hand was collected by Bryant and Palmer. Genus ULA Haliday. Ula Haurpay, Entom. Mag., vol. 1, 1833, p. 153. ULA JAVANICA, new species. Body coloration brown, the pleura gray; wings light brown, cell 1st M, very small. Male.—Length about 5.5 mm.; wing, 7.4 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark-brownish black. Antennae with the basal segments dark brownish black, the flagellum broken. Head gray, a blackish mark on the middle of the vertex and occiput. Thoracic dorsum dark brown, rather darker medially with a sparse yellowish bloom, more grayish about the pseudosutural foveae. Pleura dark brown dusted with light whitish gray, especially on the ventral sclerites. Halteres light yellow, the knob darker. Legs, coxae elongate, yellow; trochanters brownish yellow; femora dull brownish yellow, the tip a little darker; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings light brown, stigma very indistinct, darker, veins brown; venation: (See pl. 44, fig. 24), Se, anterior to the origin of Rs by a distance greater than the length of the basal deflection of Cw,, cell 1 Fauna of British India, Diptera Nematocera, 1912, p. 523. 2Tdem, pp. 523, 524. 3 Psyche, vol. 18, 1911, pp. 198, 199. No, 21038. JAVANESH CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. VET ist M, very small, the basal deflection of Cu, just beyond the fork of WV. Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium yellowish. Hatbitat.—Java. Holotype.—Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude 8,000 feet (Bryant and Palmer). Type.—Cat. No. 19025, U.S.N.M. The discovery of this genus in the Oriental region is interesting. Ula has been placed in the'tribe Pedicini hitherto, but it should be referred to the Limnophilini. I have reared the American species, Ula paupera Osten Sacken,' from fungi, and the larva is quite Limno- philine in structure with nothing in common with the Pedicini. Tribe HEXATOMINI. Genus ERIOCERA Macquart. Eriocera Macquakt, Dipt. exot., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1838, p. 74. ERIOCERA VERTICALIS Wiedemann. Megistocera verticalis WIEDEMANN, Aussereur. zweifl. Insekt., vol. 1, 1828, p. 56. Three males from Bantar Gebang, Java, October 21, 1909, col- lected by Bryant and Palmer. The specimens offer the following measurements: Length, 9.5-11 mm.; wing, 13.6-14 mm.; antennae, 42mm. The venation is shown in plate 44, fig. 25. ERIOCERA ACROSTACTA Wiedemann. Limnobia acrostacta WIEDEMANN, Dipt. exot., vol. 1, 1821, p. 14. Two males from Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, April, 1909, col- lected by Bryant and Palmer. The specimens offer the following measurements: Length, 24-26 mm.; wing, 17.5-17.8 mm. The venation is shown in plate 44, fig. 26. ERIOCERA BASILARIS Wiedemann. Limnobia basilaris W1zDEMANN, Dipt. exot., vol. 1, 1821, p. 15. Two males and one female from Depok, Java, February 10, 1909. One male from Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, April, 1909. The material was collected by Bryant and Palmer. The specimens offer the following measurements: Male, length, 15-17 mm.; wing, 10.2- 12.5 mm. Female, length, 15.2 mm.; wing, 10.4 mm. The vena- tion has never been figured, and is shown in plate 44, fig. 27. ERIOCERA MESOPYRRHA Wiedemann. Limnobia mesopyrrha WIEDEMANN, Aussereur. zweifl. Insekt., vol. 1, 1828, p. 26. One female from Buitenzorg, Java, March, 1909, collected by Bryant and Palmer. The specimen offers the following measure- 1 The Biology of the North American Crane Flies (Tipulide, Diptera) 3. The genus Ula Haliday; Journ. Ent. and Zool., vol. 7, 1915, pp. 1-9, pl. 1. 81022°—Proc.N.M.vol.49—15——12 178 PROCEEDINGS OF THH NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 49. ments: Length, 23 mm.; wing, 17 mm. The wing, having never been figured, is shown in plate 44, fig. 28. E ERIOCERA CINGULATA de Meijere. Ps Eriocera cingulata de Mrtsere, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, pp. 58, UG. One female from Depok, Java, February 10, 1909, collected by Bryant and Palmer. The specimen is larger than de Meijere’s types, measuring 11 mm. in length, and with a wing-length of 13.8 mm. In de Meijere’s key to the Javan Eriocctae ' this appears as fasciata, new species. The wing has never been figured and is shown in plate 44, fig, 29. Subfamily CYLINDROTOMINAE. Genus STIBADOCERA Enderlein. Stibadocera ENDERLEIN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, 1912, pp. 88, 84, fig. A 2. This genus was erected by Enderlein with Stibadocera bullans Enderlein of Sumatra as the type. Cylindrotoma quadricellula Brunetti? is a member of this genus. The species are all rather simi- lar to one another and are separated mainly by slight differences of size, coloration, and venation. S. quadricellula (India) is the smallest species with a length of 6 to 6.5 mm. in the male sex. The genotype, S. bullans (Sumatra) has the head bright ochre-yellow, the thorax ochre-yellow with pale brown dorsal stripes; the male has a length of 8.5 mm., its wing, 8.7 mm., its antenna, 1lmm. The species described below as metallica, new species (Java), is the largest of the forms as yet described with a wing of 10 mm. and an antennal length of 14 mm. in the male sex; this species has the head and thorax with decided blue-black reflections. The species of Stibadocera are remarkable for the length of the antenna in the male sex; in quadricellula it is described as being as jong as the whole body (i. e., 6.5 mm.), in the two other forms it is nearly half again as long as the body. The thorax is provided with numerous rather coarse punctures, except on the region occupied by the three praescutal stripes where the surface is quite free from punctures. The wings show the tip of 2, present, cross-vein r usually long and simulating a section of /,, the cross-vein r-m distinct, ete The species of the genus range from India eastward to Java. STIBADOCERA METALLICA, new species. Size large (wing of the male, 10 mm., antenna, 14 mm.); head and thorax with decided blue-black reflections in certain lights. Male.—Length, 8.8-9 mm.; wing, 10.2-10.8 mm.; antenna, 14 mm. Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae with the two scapal 1 Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, pp. 59, 60. 2 Records of the Indian Museum, vol. 6, 1911, p. 268; Fauna of British India, Diptera, 1912, p. 361, pl. %. figs. 1, 2. ( no. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 179 segments dull yellow, flagellum with the segments greatly elongated, provided with long outspreading hairs, flagellum brown. Head smooth, blue-black. Praescutum chestnut brown with three metallic blue-black stripes (in the paratype reddish blue), the surface of the sclerite covered by the stripes smooth, the rest punctate; scutum, scutellum, and postnotum dark brown, thickly punctured, pape cally the ioe: Pleurae bluish brown, densely and coarsely ‘punctured: Halteres long, slender, brown. Legs, coxae dull brown; trochanters dull yellow; femora and tibiae dull brownish yellow; tarsi darker brown. Wings brownish gray, veins brown; venation: (see pl. 45, fig. 30), vein F, present, distinct; cross-vein r elongate, usually a little longer than the cross-vein r—m, sometimes shorter; 2, atrophied at the tip. Abdomen dark brownish black, the sternites paler. Habitat.—Java. Holoiype.—Pangranggo, Java; altitude 9,000 feet. (Bryant and Palmer.) Paratype.—Male, Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java; altitude 8,000 feet. (Bryant and Palmer.) Type.—Cat. No. 19026, U.S.N.M. ‘Subfamily TIPULINAE. Tribe DOLICHOPEZINI. Genus NESOPEZA Alexander. Nesopeza ALEXANDER, Canadian Entomologist, vol. 46, 1914, p. 157. . NESOPEZA GRACILIS de Meijere. Dolichopeza gracilis de ME1sERE, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, pp. 60, 61, pl. 4, fig. 46. Nesopeza gracilis ALEXANDER, Canadian Entomologist, vol. 46, 1914, p. 157. Two males from Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, altitude 4,500 feet; two males, 9,000 feet (Bryant and Palmer). The material offers the following measurements: Length, 8.2-9.6 mm.; wing, 9.1-10.2 mm. Tribe CTENOPHORINI. Genus PSELLIOPHORA Osten Sacken. Pselliophora OstTEN SackEn, Berlin. Entom. Zeitschr., vol. 30, 1886, p. 165. PSELLIOPHORA ARDENS Wiedemann. ee Se SCL ee Ctenophora ardens WIEDEMANN, Dipt. exot., vol. 1, 1821, p. 20. One female, Buitenzorg, Java, March, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). _ The insect has never been figured and is shown in plate 45, fig. 31. 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 49. PSELLIOPHORA COMPEDITA Wiedemann. Ctenophora compedita WrEDEMANN, Dipt. exot., vol. 1, 1821, p. 21. One male, one broken female, Depok, Java, March, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). The wing is shown in plate 45, fig. 32. PSELLIOPHORA RUBRA Osien Sacken. Pselliophora rubra OSTEN SACKEN, Berlin. Entom. Zeitschr., vol 30, 1886, p. 171. Buitenzorg, Java, male, April 4, 1909; female, March, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). The material offers the following measurements: Male.—Length, 13 mm.; wing, 11 mm. Female.—Length, 16 mm.; wing, 12.6 mm. The species. having never been figured, is shown in plate 45, fig.33. This material agrees very well with Osten Sacken’s brief description of this form. His type, in the British Museum, came from Mouhot, Laos. In my material the black color includes only segments 7 and 8 of the abdo- men, 9 being reddish orange like the base of the abdomen; front brown, not blackish, etc. Tribe TIPULINI. The question concerning the various groups of species that make up the Tipulint should be again considered. The three genera, Tipula Linneus, Holorusia Loew, and Ctenacroscelis Enderlein, are all very closely related to one another and the slight differences that are offered for their separation are scarcely equivalent to those that distinguish genera in the Limnobine. Holorusia Loew! has the cell R, of the wings very narrow at its middle so that the cell is broad at both ends and shaped somewhat like an hourglass; the antennae are entirely without bristle-like hairs; femora with a semi-ctenidium of stout hairs at its tip. All of the species known to me are American (grandis Bergroth (Western U. S.) the genotype; maya Alexander (Guatemala); flavicornis Alex- ander (Venezuela); peruviana Alexander (Peru); orophila Alexander (Colombia); Jaevis Alexander (Paraguay), etc). Ctenacroscelis Enderlein? has the cell 2, of the wings very narrow as in Holorusia; the antennae with scattered hairs; the femora with a ctenidium near the tip. All of the species known to me are Old World forms (praepotens Wiedemann (East Indies, Japan); mono- chrous Wiedemann (Java); wmbrinus Wiedemann (East Indies); con- spicabilis Skuse (Australia); dohrnianus Enderlein (Sumatra), the genotype; sikkimensis Enderlein (India); rec Alexander (Burma), ete.). 1 Berlin Entom. Zeitschr., vol. 13, 1869, p. 3. 2Zool. Jahrbuch, vol. 32, pt. 1, 1912, pp. 1, 2. No. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 181 It can readily be seen that the differences between Tipula and Ctenacroscelis are very slight and consist of the great arcuation of R, and the consequent narrowing of cell R, near its middle and the presence of a ctenidium near the tips of the femora. Some species of Tipula (pedata Wiedemann) have the ctenidium very poorly defined, the individual spines taking on the appearance of stout hairs; it is easy to figure out a transition into a perfectly normal Tipula. Genus PRIONOTA van der Wulp. Prionota van der Wup, Notes Leyden Museum, vol. 7, 1885, p. 1. PRIONOTA NIGRICEPS van der Wulp. Prionota nigriceps van der Wulp, Notes Leyden Museum, vol. 7, 1885, p. 2; Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 28, 1885, p. 82, pl. 4, figs. 3, 4. One male, Mount Salak, Java, May 15, 1909; one female, Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, April 20, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). The speci- mens may be further described as follows: Male.—Length, 15.8 mm.; wing, 14.8 mm.; antenna, 6.8 mm. Female.—Length, 33 mm.; wing, 22.5 mm. The wing is shown on plate 45, fig. 34. The male hypopygium is short and subglobular, the 9th tergite from above (see pl. 47, fig. 51) almost bifid by a very deep notch, the lobes black with long dense black hairs. 9th tergite and pleurite fused into one compact mass (see pl. 47, fig. 52), the pleural portion rounded with a few scattered black hairs. Pleural appendage large, flattened, rather oval, the ends somewhat pointed; the appendage is densely covered with gray hairs so as to present a silvery appearance. 9th sternite large, not projecting caudad of the pleurite. The curious antennae whence van der Wulp derived his generic name are figured on plate 47, fig. 50. It is hard to understand why Doctor Enderlein ‘ insists upon plac- ing Prionota as a synonym of Prionocera Loew (=Stygeropsis Loew). The two genera have very little in common, the antennae of Prionota being provided with bristle-like hairs, those of Stygeropsis quite naked except for the usual pubescence. Prionota has a remarkable hypo- pygium in the male sex, the 9th tergite deeply bilobed, the tergite fused with the pleurite, etc. Stygeropsis has a perfectly normal Tipuline hypopygium with the 9th tergite quite distinct from the pleurite. The character of the serrations on the antennae is quite different in the two genera. It is also hard to understand why the name Prionocera is used. This name, proposed by Loew in 1844, is preoccupied by the same name used by Shuckard in the Coleoptera in 1839.” 1 Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 1, 1912, p. 28. 2 Elements of British Entomology. 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 49, : The Sumatran Prionota flaviceps Enderlein* is quite distinct from nigriceps, which is a much larger species with a different body and wing coloration. It may be that flaviceps is not a true Prionota since it was erected on a single female specimen, in which sex the true characters of the genus are not well shown. Genus CTENACROSCELIS Enderlein. Ctenacroscelis ENDERLEIN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 1, 1912, pp. 1,.2. CTENACROSCELIS PRAEPOTENS Wiedemann. Tipula pracpotens WIEDEMANN, Aussereur. zweifl. Insekt., vol. 1, 1828, p. 40. Two females, Mount Salak, Java, May 15, 1909; one female, Pelaboean Ratoe, Java, October, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). The specimens measure as follows: Length, 40 mm.; wing, 38-40 mm. The wing is shown in plate 45, fig. 35. CTENACROSCELIS MONOCEROUS Wiedemann. Tipula monochroa W1IEDEMANN, Aussereur. zwelfl. Insekt., vol. 1, 1828, pp. 41, 42. A male and a female, Mount Salak, May 15, 1909; a female, Pela- boean Ratoe, Java, October, 1909 (Bryant and Palmer). The wing is shown in plate 45, fig. 36. The following additional notes are given: Male.—Length, 26 mm.; wing, 23.5 mm. Female.—Length, 33-88 mm.; wing, 24.5-25.4 mm. The erect hairs on the thorax are very conspicuous and do not occur in the related forms. The male hypopygium may be described as follows: 9th tergite long, deeply split by a long narrow notch for about half of its apparent length, the lobes squarely truncated at their tips and densely pro- vided with long prostrate yellow hairs, the margin of the segment with abundant short silky hairs of a yellow color (see pl. 47, fig. 53). 9th sternite and pleurite apparently fused, at least the sternite not distinct, bearing a bifid appendage at its ventro-caudal angle (see pl. 47, fig. 54); the outer arm of this appendage is shaped like a boomerang, the inner arm shaped as in the figure, extending caudad, entad, and dorsad, its pedicel slender, the tip expanded into a flattened lobe, whose margin is provided with groups of small black spicules. Viewed from beneath, this sterno-pleurite is deeply split medially by a V-shaped notch. CTENACROSCELIS UMBRINUS Wiedemann. Tipula umbrina WIEDEMANN, Aussereur. zweifl. Insekt., vol. 1, 1828, p. 49. Tipula castanea Macquart, Dipteres Exotiques, vol. 1, pt. 1, 1838, p. 54. Tipula congruens WALKER, Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. 5, 1861, p. 231. Ctenacroscelis sumatranus ENDERLEIN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 1, 1912, p. 5. A male and a female, Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, April 20, 1909; a male and a female, Acre Salak, May 15, 1909; a male, Depok, Java, February 10, 1909. (Bryant and Palmer.) 1 Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 1, 1912, pp. 28, 29. ty No. 21038. JAVANESH ORANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 183 This material offers the following additional data: Male.—Length, 19 mm.; wing, 23.5-24.5 mm. Female.—Length, about 26 mm.; wing, 23-25.5 mm. The wing is shown on plate 45, fig. 37. The male hypopygium may be described as follows: 9th tergite long and narrow, the caudal half deeply divided by a median split, the lobes densely clothed with long gray hairs (see pl. 48, fig. 55). 9th sterno-pleurite very much as in C. monochrous Wiede- mann, but the pleural appendage is quite differently shaped (see pl. 48, fig. 56), the outer arm broad, oval, the inner arm curved, its tip - feebly chitinized. It is probable that Tipula fulvolateralis Brunetti! is synonymous with this species, though this is somewhat uncertain. This form is certainly a Ctenacroscelis, as shown by the peculiar genitalia? the flattened 9th tergite, the long powerful 9th sterno-pleurite bearing the appendages far out at the tip of the sclerite, etc. Genus TIPULA Linnaeus. Tipula LinNakEvs, Syst. Natur., ed. 10, 1758, p. 585. TIPULA PEDATA Wiedemann. Tipula pedata WIEDEMANN, Dipt. exot., vol. 1, 1821, p. 23; Aussereur. zweifl. Insekt., vol. 1, 1828, p. 45. Tipulodina magnicornis ENDERLEIN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 1, 1912, pp. 30-32, fig. R. Buitenzorg, Java, March, 1909, two males; April 10, 1909, one male; Pelaboean Ratoe, Java, October 12, 1909, two males and one female; Mount Salak, Java, altitude 3,000 feet, May 15, 1909, one male. (Bryant and Palmer.) The following additional information concerning this insect is given: Male.—Length, 16-23 mm.; wing, 15-20 mm. Female.—Length, 30 mm.; wing, 20.5 mm.; fore leg, femur, 19.5 mm.; tibia, 24 mm.; tarsal segment one, 20.5 mm.; tarsal segments two to five, 7.5 mm.; middle leg, femur, 20.5 mm.; tibia, 20 mm.; tarsal segment one, 18 mm.; tarsal segments two to five, 8.5 mm. The wing is shown on plate 45, fig. 38. As there shown, the radial sector is longer. than in most of the series, there being considerable variation in this respect. The male hypopygium may be described as follows: 9th tergite having the caudal margin gently concave with a prom- inent median lobe whose caudal margin is again gently concave; the caudal face of the tergite densely provided with black chitinized spicules (see pl. 48, fig. 57). 9th pleurite distinct, the dorso-pleural 1 Records of the Indian Museum, vol. 6, 1911, p. 249. 2 Fauna of British India, Diptera Nematocera, 1912, pl. 6, fig. 15. 184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49, suture being complete; the sclerite is covered with rather sparse long hairs [ape pl. 48, fig. 58); the pleurite bears three appendages, of which the outermost is a long slender hook, incurved near its apex and here strongly chitinized; this appendage is clothed with scattered hairs along its ventral and outer edge and with numerous zigzag teeth on the inner dorsal margin (in some specimens the margin is quite smooth and straight) ; the tips of these long hooks in a position of rest, decussate. Inside of this long hook are two shorter append- ages, the outer being the shortest and smallest, oval, pale, the tip somewhat expanded, the entire appendage with numerous long pale hairs (see pl. 48, fig. 59); the innermost appendage is a long, slender, compressed arm a an enlarged compressed head, the cephalic or dorsal side heavily chitinized, black, the remainder pale. 9th sternite long and slender, its tip projecting far beyond the remainder of the hypopygium i ina ee point (see pl. 48, fig. 60). Doctor Enderlein has Bee the genus Tipulodina for this insect but there seems to be no suflicient reason for retaining this name, In the first place, the name was proposed under the mistaken suppo- sition that the insect was a Limnobine form. Secondly, none of the characters of the genus seem to differ from those of other genera, although, in some respects, the insect occupies a rather intermediate position. The straight &, and narrow cell 2nd A are characters found in many species of Tipula; the short #s is the common char- acter of Pachyrhina; the shape of the cells in the median field of the wing are those of Ctenacroscelis, etc. The powerful male hypopygium and the unusual leg-coloration may offer generic differences, but until the related forms (venusta Walker, inordinans Walker, cinctipes de Meijere, gracillima Brunetti, patricia Brunetti, and others) are studied it would be decidedly premature to recognize the genus Tipulodina. The rather curious pupa of Tipula pedata has been described as follows by de Meijere:! The remarkable pupa of 7. pedata found in a pot of stagnant water with water-plants (Salatiga, Java, January, van Leeuwen). The pupal skin sent to me is 834 mm. long and 4 mm. broad, of a blackish brown color. The very long and slender, seta- ceous, arcuated breathing-horns are very remarkable; they measure 11 mm. in length, are of a blackish brown color, only the extreme tip which is slightly expanded is yellow; elsewhere they are almost uniform in diameter throughout except toward the base, where they are a very little enlarged. The dorsal abdominal segments bear a cross-row of tooth-like projections before the caudal margin of each; the ventral segments are quite similar, but here the median teeth on the hinder segments are longer and with a pair of sho1ter appendages before them. The tip of the abdomen likewise presents a number 1 Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, p. 64. no. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 185 of tooth-like lobes. Along the lateral margin, each segment bears on either side two short tooth-like appendages, one being on the anterior half, the other on the posterior half of the segment. Lest the student attribute too much significance to this condition of the pupa, quite different from the normal Tipula pupa with its short breathing-horns, I will mention a pupa of an undetermined Tipuline that is before me at this time. The specimen was taken by Dr. J. Chester Bradley at Tallulah Falls, Georgia, June 17, 1910; the stigmal horns measure 19 mm. in length, the tip slightly expanded as in pedcta. I do not know what species this represents, Brachy- premna having been reared and there are very few other species that this could represent. TIPULA UMBRINOIDES, new species. Antennal flagellum bicolored; no dark stripe on the thoracic pleura. Male.—Length, 17 mm.; wing, 18.5 mm. This species bears a close superficial resemblance to Céenacroscelis umbrinus Wiedemann, differing as follows: Segments of the antennal flagellum bicolored, the extreme basal portion of each segment dark brown, the remainder of the segment dull yellow (in wmbrinus the flagellum is uniformly dark brown). Pleura darker brown and without a dark stripe so characteristic of umbrinus. Femora without a ctenidium. Wings (see pl. 46, fig. 39) with a brown cloud in cell WM near its end; a second cloud in Cu at about two-fifths the length; venation, cell /st MM, sharply pointed at its base, radial sector short and straight. Male hypopygium with the 9th tergite dark brown, the tip pale with numerous black chiti- nized spicules at the tip and underneath; the tergite is short (see pl. 48, fig. 61), the visible portion a little shorter than wide and the caudal margin merely concave, not bifid. Pleural appendages (see pl. 48, fig. 62), the outer lobe pale light yellow, oval, the tip a little pointed; the inner appendages two, shaped as in the figure; the larger of the two appendages densely provided with long reddish brown hairs which project beyond the genital chamber. Ninth sternite with a dense brush of pale hairs near the tip. Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Mount Salak, Java, July 4, 1909, altitude above 3,000 feet (Bryant and Palmer). _ Type.—Cat. No. 19027, U.S.N.M. TIPULA GEDEHANA de Meéeijere. Tipula gedehana de Meiers, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 56, 1911, pp. 66, 67, pl. 4, fig. 47. One male, Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, September, 1909, altitude 4,000 feet; one male, 8,000 feet; two males and one female, 9,000 feet. (Bryant and Palmer.) 186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 49. I identify this fly as de Meijere’s species because of the agreement of the wing-pattern and venation. The color of the thorax is not quite as described, being dull yellowish with rather dark brown stripes. The male sex has never been described, and I characterize it as follows, making one of the specimens the allotype. The male hypopygium is rather unusually enlarged. Male.—Length, 11.8-15.2 mm.; wing, 17-19.1 mm. Female.—Length, 18.4 mm.; wing, 18.2 mm. Male.—Antennae moderately long, if bent backward extending nearly to the wing-root; flagellar segments dark brown with a dense whitish pubescence. Thorax with the ground color grayish yellow, the stripes brown. Femora with a dark brown tip. Abdomen brown, segments 6 to 9, almost black. ‘The other characters are as described by de Meijere. The male hypopygium may be described as follows: Sth tergite with the ventral margin produced ventrad into a rounded lobe provided with a great brush of long yellow hairs; shaped asin thefigure (see pl. 49, fig. 63). 8th sternite deeply V-shaped beneath, its caudal margin with a dense brush of long yellow hairs. 9th tergite very deeply split by a V-shaped notch, the margins of the lobes adjoining the notch with numerous pale yellow hairs. 9th pleurite rather small (see pl. 49, fig. 64), the pleural appendages two; the outermost appendage is a slender, fleshy lobe, slightly curved, directed dorsad and the tip slightly cephalad; the inner appendage is large, flattened, the dorso-cephalic angle produced into a more chitinized point shaped as in the figure. Doctor de Meijere’s type was taken at the crater of Mount Gedé in 1893. TIPULA SUNDA, new species. Color of the thorax light gray without stripes; wings light gray, stigma distinct, vein F#, atrophied at its tip. Male.—Length, 14 mm.; wing, 14.2 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head light gray above, brown on the sides, palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scapal segments light yellow, the flagellum broken. Head light gray. Pronotum dull yellow. Mesonotal praescutum and scutum clear light gray without apparent stripes; scutellum yellowish brown; postnotum dull brownish yellow, very indistinctly dusted with gray. Pleura dull light yellow, the posterior sclerites weakly dusted with gray. Halteres light yellow, the knob brown. Legs, coxae and trochanters dull ight yellow, femora dark brown, only the extreme base a little paler, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings light gray, costal cell more yellowish, stigma dark brown, a clear spot beyond the stigma, veins dark brown, the veins C and Sc more yellowish; venation (see pl. 46, fig. 40), tip of 2, beyond the cross-vein r atrophied; cell 1st M, small. = No. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 187 Abdominal segments dull yellow, tergites 6 to 8 black, 9 dark brown. Hypopygium: 8th tergite very narrow above, on the sides attaining the 8th sternite. 8th sternite with the caudal margin rather squarely truncated, provided with a few hairs. 9th tergite (see pl. 49, fig. 65) rather large, subquadrate, the caudal margin deeply concave, fringed with short hairs; the caudo-lateral angles of the sclerite produced caudad into short points; a weak median impression. 9th sterno- pleurite (see pl. 49, fig. 66) rather large, subrounded, the pleural suture incomplete, rather short, running ventrad; outer pleural appendage elongate oval, pale, with numerous long blackish hairs, the base sud- denly constricted; the inner appendage is compressed, chitinized, especially on the cephalic end where it fits into the notch of the 9th tergite. Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, altitude9,000feet. (Bryant and Palmer.) Type.—Cat. No. 19028, U.S.N.M. The specific name, sunda, is that of the original inhabitants of western Java—Sundanese, or ‘“‘men of the soil.” This species suggests 7. cinereifrons de Meijere! from Java and Borneo, but in that species the thorax is dull reddish yellow, not eray. In cinerefrons, also, the tip of R, is atrophied beyond the cross-vein 7. TIPULA FLAVICOSTA, new species. Coloration dull reddish yellow, thorax without stripes; wings subhyaline with the costal cell yellow, petiole of cell M, very short. Female.—Length, 13 mm; wing, 13.8 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head rather short, brown, the palpi very long, light brown. Antennae with the two basal segments dull yellow, the flagellum broken. Front dull yellowish, the posterior portions of the head grayish. Thoracic dorsum dull reddish yellow with distinct suggestions of greenish which are probably abnormal. Pleura rather dull yellowish brown. Halteres brown. Legs, coxae and trochanters dull yellow, remainder of the legs brown. Wings with a light brown suffusion, the costal cell light yellow, stigma brown; venation: (see pl. 46, fig. 41), terminal portion of &, beyond r distinct; cell 1st M, very small, pentagonal; the petiole of cell 1, very short, less than the cross-vein m or r-m; the fork of M, very deep; cell 2nd A very narrow. Abdomen dull brownish yellow, darkening into brown on tergites 4 to 9, the apical sclerites almost black, shiny; ovipositor with the tergal valves long, gently curved downward at their tips, the sternal valves short, only about half the length of the tergal valves. 1 Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, p. 68, pl. 4, fig. 48. 188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 49, Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Pelaboean Ratoe, Java, October 16, 1909. (Bryant and Palmer). Type.—Cat. No. 19029, U.S. N. M. Closest to cinereifrons de Meijere which has the tip of vein R, atro- phied, the petiole of cell Jf, long, etc. The species may be separated by the key given later on. TIPULA TJIBODENSIS, new species. Color dull yellowish brown without distinct stripes; wings subhy- aline, stigma and costal region dark brown; abdomen reddish yellow excepting segments 6 to 8 which are black. Maile.—Length, 12 mm.; wing, 14.6-15 mm. Female.—Length, 14.6 mm.; wing, 12.4mm. Frontal prolongation of the head short and stout, yellowish, palpi pale brown. Antennae short, if extended backward scarcely attaining the wing-root, the first three segments dull yellow, the remaining segments of the flagel- lum with the basal third black, remainder yellow, on the apical seg- ments passing into brown. Head dark brown, the front and occiput brighter. Thoracic dorsum dull yellowish brown, the stripes very indis- tinct. Pleura dull yellow. Halteres brown. Legs, coxae and troch- anters dull yellow, remainder of the legs broken. Wings subhyaline or faintly brownish; costal cell and stigma dark brown, tip of the wing suffused with brown, most distinct on the outer half of cell 2,; venation as in plate 46, fig. 42. Abdominal segments 1 to 5 dull brownish yellow, the basal sclerites somewhat brighter; 6 to 8 black; 9 reddish yellow. Hypopygium: 9th tergite deeply three notched (see pl. 50, fig. 68) the median notch deepest and broadest, its margin chitinized and receiving the tip of the powerful inner pleural appendage; 9th sternite powerful (see pl. 50, fig. 69) the pleurite completely severed by the pleural suture; pleural appendages complex, shaped as in the figure, the inner lobes compressed, chitinized, a two-pronged black hook on the outside. A group of long conspicuous hairs at the dorso-cephalic angle of the pleurite. Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Male, Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, altitude 4,500 feet (Bryant and Palmer). Allotype.—Female, topotypic. Paratype.—Male, topotypic. Type.—Cat. No. 19030, U.S. N. M. This species suggests cinereifrons de Meijere in the color of the thorax but the dark costa will separate this species off from related forms including flavicosta, new species, which has the costa yellowish. No. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 189 TIPULA SALAKENSIS, new species. Size very small (wing of the male about 8.5 mm.); thorax shiny reddish yellow. Male.—Length, 7.8 mm.; wing, 8.3 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head very short, reddish brown. Antennae elongated, if bent backward nearly attaining the base of the abdomen; basal segments dull yellow, flagellar segments elongated, dark brown. Head with the front reddish yellow, the vertex and occiput dull gray. Thorax shiny, reddish yellow, without distinct darker stripes. Pleura lighter yellow. MHalteres, stem yellow, knob dark brown. Legs, coxae, and trochanters yellow; femora yellow at the base, passing into brown at about midlength; tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings with a slight suffusion of brown, stigma large, distinct, veins dark brown; venation: (see pl. 46, fig. 43), R, beyond r distinct; cell 1st M, small; petiole of cell VM, short, about as long as cell Ist M,; cross-vein m-cu punctiform or obliterated; cell 2nd A very narrow. Abdomen reddish yellow, segments 6 to 9 dark brownish black. Hypopygium (see pl. 49, fig. 67), the 9th tergite with a conspicuous _ median lobe that is expanded at its tip as shown in the figure. Habitat.—Java. Holotype-—Mount Salak, Java, 1909. (Bryant and Palmer.) Type.—Cat. No. 19031, U.S.N.M. This tiny Tipula is almost as small as T. inconspicua de Meijere,1 which has the thorax dull, with three dark brown stripes; the wing coloration and the venation of the two species is quite different. TIPULA GEDEHICOLA, new species. Thoracic dorsum reddish, without apparent stripes; costal cell of the wings brownish yellow. Male.—Length, 13.5 mm.; wing, 14.3 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head short, reddish brown, the palpi yellowish brown. An- tennae rather short, the basal segments dull yellow, the flagellar segments dark brown. Front dull light yellow, vertex and occiput yellowish gray. Thoracic dorsum reddish yellow, the postnotum clearer yellow. Pleura reddish yellow. Halteres dark brown, the apex of the knob rather pale. Legs, coxae, and trochanters reddish yellow, the re- mainder of the legs broken. Wings faintly suffused with brown, the costal cell brownish yellow, stigma brown; venation as in plate 46, fig. 44. Abdomen reddish brown, segments 6 to 9 bladkick: Hypopygium: 9th tergite from above ee split by a median notch, the lobes evenly rounded at their tips, underneath densely ma with tiny black spicules (see pl. 50, fig. 70). 9th pleurite distinct, the pleural 1 Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 54, 1911, pp. 70, 71, pl. 4, fig. 49. 190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 49. suture being complete (see pl. 50, fig. 71); pleural appendages, outer- most lobe fleshy, pale, rather rectangular, the dorsocephalic angle produced, dorsad and caudad into a lobe shaped as in the figure; the inner lobe viewed from the side suggests a duck’s head. 9th sternite with a dense brush of long yellow hairs from the caudal margin. (See pl. 50, fig. 72, for an enlarged view of the pleural appendages.) Habitat.—Java. Holotype.—Male, Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, altitude 5,000 feet; April 20, 1909. (Bryant and Palmer.) Paratype.—Sex %, topotypic. Type.—Cat. No. 19032, U.S.N.M. The group of Javan Tipulae with reddish thoracic dorsa without distinct darker stripes includes cinereifrons de Meijere, gedehicola, new species; tjibodensis, new species; salakensis, new species; and flavicosta, new species. They may be separated by the following key: 1. Wings with the cell 1st M, very small, pentagonal, all the sides subequal; petiole of cell M, not longer than the cross-vein 7r.......-..-..-2--2-+--e-50-5 flavicosta, Wings with the cell /st 1M, not equally pentagonal, the upper face longer; petiole of cell7M, longer than the cross-Veim 2.253... --3o- osc ecw oe se ee eee 2 P- Antennal taceltum, bicoloted 2252 1c. 3 ite oes s 2 ete eee tjibodensis. Antential flagellum dark brownl-23.25J.t2...s oe oetie s o2 ecco s | anise eee eee a 3. Sizesmall (wing, male, under 9 mm,))./2/..45 fo. a.ch ates. ote oe ees salakensis. Size larcer (wing, male, over 12 mm): os.0-.- oie. loses 25 Eee oo ae 4, 4, Palpi yellowish brown; tip of R2 beyond cross-vein r present..........- gedehicola. Palpi blackish brown; tip of R2 beyond cross-vein r atrophied. ....... cinereifrons. T. flavicosta, salakensis, and gedehicola have cell 2nd A of the wings very narrow; 7’. tjibodensis has it a little broader; T. cinereifrons has it broadest, quite normal. Genus PACHYRRHINA Macquart. Pachyrrhina Macquart, Suite a Buffon, Dipteres, vol. 1, 1834, p. 88. PACHYRRHINA DOLESCHALLI Osten Sacken. Tipula javensis DotescHatt, Natuurkund. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie, vol. 10, 1856, 406, pl. 3, fig. 2. Pachyrrhina doleschalli OSTEN SACKEN, Annal. Mus. Civ. Genova, vol. 16, 1881, 399. Pachyrrhina fallax van der Wutp, Bijdragen tot de Dierk., vol. 17, 1904, p. 90. Two females that agree with the description of this form, one from Buitenzorg, June, 1909, the other from Tjibodas,-Mount Gedé, Java, April, 1909. (Bryant and Palmer.) The wing is figured on plate 46, fig. 45. PACHYRRHINA OCHRIPLEURIS de Meijere. Pachyrrhina ochripleuris de MEweEr®, Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 56, 1914, pp. 6-8. Two females from Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, Java, August 26, 1909; altitude, 7,000 feet. (Bryant and Palmer). The species has not been figured and its wing is shown on plate 46, fig. 46. No. 2103. JAVANESE CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. 191 PACHYRRHINA IMMACULATA PANGERANGENSIS, new subspecies. A series of four males from Pangrango, altitude 9,000 feet; a male and a female from Tjibodas, Mount Gedé, 4,500 feet; a female at the latter place from an altitude of 9,000 feet. (Bryant and Palmer.) These agree very closely with van der Wulp’s characterization of the species immaculata' except in the larger size. P. immaculata is described as being small, with a length of 9.5 mm. in the male sex. The insect before me is much larger, and [I think that it is subspecifi- cally distinct from the typical form. The material offers the following measurements: Male.—Length, 11.6-13.6 mm.; wing, 12.5-13.6 mm. Female.—Length, 16.5-18 mm.; wing, 17 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 19033, U.S.N.M. The venation of the wing is shown on plate 46, fig.47. The petiolate condition of cell 14, is not found in most of the specimens of the series, this cell being normally sessile. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE 42. a 0g . Wing of Dicranomyia albitarsis. . Wing of Dicranomyia erythrina. . Wing of Dicranomyia excelsa. . Wing of Dicranomyia simplissima. Wing of Dicranomyia carneotincta. Wing of Geranomyia nitida. . Wing of Geranomyia linearis. . Wing of Geranomyia javanica. . Wing of Rhipidia javanensis. . Wing of Goniodineura nigriceps. Puate 438. Fig. 11. Wing of Libnotes, species. 12. Wing of Libnotes montivagans. 13. Wing of Libnotes nigricornis. 14. Wing of Paratropeza ornatipennis 15, Wing of Rhamphidia (Rhamphidia) apicalis 16. Wing of Rhamphidia (Eurhamphidia) nivetiarsis. 17. Wing of Rhampholimnobia reticularis. 18. Wing of Antocha javanensis. 19. Wing of Atarba javanica. PLATE 44. Fig. 20. Wing of Gonomyia (Gonomyia) bryanti. 21. Wing of Mongoma saucia. 22. Wing of Limnophila amica. 23. Wing of Limnophila palmeri. 24. Wing of Ula javanica. 25. Wing of Eriocera verticalis. 26. Wing of Eriocera acrostacta. 27. Wing of Eriocera basilaris. 28. Wing of Eriocera mesopyrrha. 29. Wing of Hriocera cingulata. 1Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. 34, 1891, p. 196. - Fig. Fig. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 49, PLATE 45. Wing of Stibadocera metallica. (R,=Radius 1; Rz=Radius 3.) . Wing of Pselliophora ardens. . Wing of Pselliophora compedita. . Wing of Pselliophora rubra. 4, Wing of Prionota nigriceps. . Wing of Ctenacroscelis praepotens. . Wing of Ctenacroscelis monochrous. . Wing of Ctenacroscelis umbrinus. . Wing of Tipula pedata. Puate 46. . Wing of Tipula umbrinoides. . Wing of Tipula sunda. . Wing of Tipula flavicosta. . Wing of Tipula tjibodensis. . Wing of Tipula salakensis. . Wing of Tipula gedehicola. . Wing of Pachyrrhina doleschalli. . Wing of Pachyrrhina ochripleuris. . Wing of Pachyrrhina immaculata pangerangensis. PLATE 47. . Hypopygium of Gonomyia (Gonomyia) bryanti. Dorsal aspect of the pleurite. . Hypopygium of Gonomyia (Gonomyia) bryanti. Appendages on the inner ventral side of the pleurite. . Antenna of Prionota nigriceps. The first five segments from above. . Hypopygium of Prionota nigriceps. Dorsal aspect. 9 pl=9th pleural region; pl ap=pleural appendage; 9t pl= 9th pleuro-tergite. . Hypopygium of Prionota nigriceps. Lateral aspect. 9 pl t=9th pleuro-tergite; 9s= 9th sternite. . Hypopygium of Ctenacroscelis monochrous. Dorsal aspect of the 9th tergite. . Hypopygium of Ctenacroscelis monochrous. Lateral aspect. 9st pl=9th sterno-pleurite; 9f=9th tergite. PuatTe 48. . Hypopygium of Ctenacroscelis wmbrinus. Lateral aspect. 9st pl=9th sterno-pleurite; 9t=9th tergite. . Hypopygium of Ctenacroscelis umbrinus. Pleural appendages in a position of rest. . Hypopygium of Tipula pedata. Dorsal aspect of the 9th tergite. . Hypopygium of Tipula pedata. Lateral aspect. 8s=8th sternite; 9s, 9pl=9th pleurite; 9:= 9th sternite and tergite. 9. Hypopygium of Tipula pedata. Lateral aspect of the inner pleural appendages. . Hypopygium of Tipula pedata. Ventral aspect of the 9th sternite. . Hypopygium of Tipula wmbrinoides. Lateral aspect. 9f, 9s=9th tergite and sternite; 8¢=8th tergite. 2. Hypopygium of Tipula umbrinoides. Pleural appendages viewed from the inside. 193 no. 2103. JAVANESH CRANE-FLIES—ALEXANDER. PuaTe 49. Fig. 63. Hypopygium of Tipula gedehana. Fig, 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. Zh, 72. Lateral aspect. 7s, 7t, 8s, 8t, 9s, 9t=the respective sternites and tergites; pl=pleurite. Hypopygium of Tipula gedehana. The 9th segment enlarged, lateral aspect. 9s, 9t=9th sternite and tergite; pl=pleurite. Hypopygium of Tipula sunda. Dorsal aspect of the 9th tergite. Hypopygium of Tipula sunda. Lateral’aspect. 9pl st.=9th sterno-pleurite. 7s, 8s=sternites; 7t, 8t, 9t=ter- gites, Hypopygium of Tipula salakensis. Lateral aspect. 9pl, 9s, 9t=sclerites of 9th segment. Puate 50. Hypopygium of Tipula tjibodensis. Dorsal aspect of the 9th tergite. Hypopygium of Tipula tjibodensis. Lateral aspect. 9pl=9th pleurite. 8s, 9s=sternites; St, 9t=tergites. Hypopygium of Tipula gedehicola. Dorsal aspect of the 9th tergite. Hypopygium of Tipula gedehicola. Lateral aspect. 9pl.—pleurite; 8s, 9s=sternites; 8t, 9t=tergites. Hypopygium of Tipula gedehicola. Lateral aspectof the pleural appendages. 81022°—Proc.N.M.vol.49—15—-18 . i . 2) ac 3 . ¢ ee t wr Lee mf » Sa ee ? oo Poe i U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 42 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 43 VENATION OF JAVANESE CRANE FLIES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 191. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 44 VENATION OF JAVANESE CRANE FLIES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 191. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 47 _.-- of. pl. | mH it Meat ANTENNAL AND HyYPOPYGIAL STRUCTURES OF JAVANESE CRANE FLIES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 192. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 48 gt. HYPOPYGIAL STRUCTURES OF JAVANESE CRANE FLIES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 192, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 49 HYPOPYGIAL STRUCTURES OF JAVANESE CRANE FLIES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 193. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 85. Bs. HYPOPYGIAL STRUCTURES OF JAVANESE CRANE FLIES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 193. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 50 70 THE PHILIPPINE LAND SHELLS OF THE GENUS SCHISTOLOMA. By Paut Bartscu, Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, United States National Museum. In 1902 Dr. Wilhelm Kobelt, in his great work on the Cyclopho- ridae ' substitutes the name Schistoloma for Coptocheilus Gould, which is preoccupied by Coptochilus Amyot and Serville, 1843, a genus of Hemiptera. Dr. Augustus A. Gould described the genus Coptocheilus* in 1862, defining it as follows: Shell chrysallidiform, acute, normally umbilicated, chestnut col- ored; aperture almost disjunct from the spire; peristome more or less double, with the internal lamina incised posteriorly. Operculum (C. altum) corneous, multispiral, circular, and flat. Type: C. altum Sowerby. ; There is a character in the operculum which Gould and Kobelt seem to have overlooked, namely, that the spirals of the multispiral operculum are fused only in the very center, the broad, expanded, exceedingly thin edges being free and simply tightly appressed to each other. See figures 5, 6, and 7 on plate 51. The Philippine shells group themselves readily under two divisions, which we may designate as subgenera, with the following characters: Shell with a narrow slit (breathing pore) near the junction of the inner lip and the PONE eA CU eet ee hoe hes ep ae Se ate ia weie apa ce Schistoloma, ss. Shell without a slit in the peristome.......-..---.-------- Hololoma, new subgenus. The subgenus Schistoloma is apparently confined to part of the central islands of the Philippines. It extends from Mindoro and the two little islands, Ilin and Semerara to the south of this, eastward to Tablas, Romblon, and Sibuyan, while to the south, after apparently jumping over Panay and Guimaras, it again occurs on Negros. The members of the subgenus arrange themselves into two groups. The one possessing a large aperture and a broadly flaring, more or less 1 Das Tierreich, Konig. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, vol. 16, p. 278. 2 Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, p. 282, 1862. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 49—No. 2104. 195 196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. twisted peristome, extends over northern Mindoro, Romblon, Sibu- yan, and Negros, while the other, which has a smaller, more circular aperture, with flatly expanded and much thickened peristome, is restricted to southern Mindoro, Ilin, Semerara, and Tablas Islands. These two groups may be considered as species—the first, Schistoloma (Schistoloma) alta Sowerby, and the other Schistolma (Schistolma) megregori Bartsch. While the members of these two species present characters on the various islands that distinguish them from those of other islands, these characters represent degrees of modification rather than kind, and it is possible in some instances to find some specimens on different islands which appear absolutely identical, in spite of the fact that the average of any one set of characters, or all the characters, of a large series of specimens will give different nodes when the material from different islands is compared. This expression of different averages in the various island races demands some recognition, and I believe that this is best met by the use of trinomial names. It is interesting to note that two of the islands harbor two forms. Mindoro has on its northeastern coast Schistoloma alta mindoroensis and Schistoloma megregori webbi on the south end, while Romblon has a large race of Schistoloma alta romblonensis and Schistoloma alta pygmaea, a dwarf race. These may be geographically separated, but no definite locality beyond ‘‘Romblon” appears on the label with the specimens. It is equally interesting to find that in one instance inhabitants of two islands are so closely allied that they may be considered identical. These are Schistoloma mcgregort webbi, which occurs on southern Min- doro, and on the little island of Hin, which is separated from Mindoro by a narrow strait. | The subgenus Hololoma seems confined to the Calamianes group, and there, as far as known, to the islands of Busuanga and Coron. Kry TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF SCHISTOLOMA. Lip with slit (Schistoloma s. s.). Aperture large with the peristome broadly flaring and irregularly reflected. Imner ‘peristome 'veryithick -2 ssi G00 ..b2. obs so ee alta. Inner peristome not thick. Inner peristome flowing over and fusing with the outer peristome. Shell large, altitude more than 22.5 mm, Reflected lip’chocolate brown: -7-- es ~~ 22 -- oe = See ate mindoroensis. Reflected lip not chocolate brown. Reflected lip flesh-colored to pale brown. Average altitude 24.95 mm., diameter 11.31 mm.......-- romblonensis. Average altitude 23.05 mm., diameter 10.91 mm.......-- sibuyanensis. Shell small, altitude less than 20:mm)-2 5.37222 eee eee pygmaea no. 2104 LAND SHELLS OF THE GENUS SCHISTOLOMA—BARTSCH. 197 Lip with slit—Continued. Aperture smaller, with the peristome flatly expanded. (Eepalsirsenremeie 2ile 2) 51.0; 0 i ee eee tablasensis. Peristome not chocolate brown. Peristome flesh-colored to pale brown. Shell small, average diameter 9.37 mm......... oes Sea as megregori. Shell larger, average diameter 10.46 mm_.............-.........-..- webbi., Lip without slit (Hololoma). rere te ee TELS ei aoe wg nw ap Cae woe oe me ee es coronensis. SAS GELP LSM Eg 10 2B By a0 0 age Ae Agi easel EN quadrasi. SCHISTOLOMA (SCHISTOLOMA) ALTA Sowerby. Cyclostoma altum SowErRBy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 84, 1842. Megalomastoma altum Prrrrer, Zeitschr. f. Mal., p. 109, 1847. Coptocheilus altum Goutp, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, p. 282, 1862. ’ Coptochilus altum, var. protracta Koper and Monienporrr, Nachrbl. Deut. Malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 141, 1897 (nomen nudum). Schistoloma altum Kosett, Das Tierreich, vol. 16, p. 278, 1902. Shell elongate conic, chocolate brown, with the peristome ranging from brown to flesh-colored. Nuclear whorls a little more than two, smooth, well rounded, polished, separated by a well-impressed su- ture. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by decidedly retrac- tive and strongly developed, closely spaced lines of growth. Thespiral sculpture is variable, ranging from a few, irregularly scattered, incised lines to closely spaced, fine, spiral striations, which may cover the entire surface. Sutures somewhat constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base well rounded, narrowly umbilicated; a bounding fasciole to the umbilicus may be present or absent. Aperture large, irregularly oval; peristome complete, decidedly expanded, the flaring edge being irregularly curved, that is, not in one plane. There is an inner lip which may flow over and fuse with the outer lip anteriorly, being more distinct on the parietal side; this inner lip bears a notch at the junction of the columella and the parietal wall; parietal lip adnate to the body whorl. The species breaks up into five subspecies, which are characterized chiefly by the measurements and coloration noted below. SCHISTCLOMA (SCHISTOLOMA) ALTA ALTA Sowerby. Plate 51, figs. 9 and 11. Cyclostoma altum SowERBy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 84, 1842. Megalomastoma altum Prerrer, Zeitschr. f. Mal., p. 109, 1847. Coptocheilus altum Goutp, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, p. 282, 1862. Schistoloma altum Koxsett, Das Tierreich, vol. 16, p. 278, 1902. In this subspecies, which comes from the Island of Negros, the peri- stome is very thick. The lip is usually flesh-colored, though at times pale brown. 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49, The eighteen specimens which we have seen give the following measurements: Cat. No Cat. No Cat. No Jat. No Cat. No Webb Collection; altitude, 27.8 mm.; diameter, 12.6 mm. Webb Collection; altitude, 25.5 mm.; diameter, 11.2 mm. Webb Collection; altitude, 25.0mm.; diameter, 11.6 mm. Webb Collection; altitude, 27.4 mm.; diameter, 12.5 mm. Webb Collection; altitude, 25.5 mm.; diameter, 12.6 mm. Webb Collection; altitude, 25.8 mm.; diameter, 12.0 mm. Webb Collection; altitude, 26.5 mm.; diameter, 12.5 mm. Webb Collection; altitude, 26.5 mm.; diameter, 11.9 mm. Webb Collection; altitude, 24.5 mm.;. diameter, 12.0 mm. Webb Collection; altitude, 28.2 mm.; diameter, 12.6 mm. Webb Collection; altitude, 26.5 mm.; diameter, 12.4 mm. Webb Collection; altitude, 27.7 mm.; diameter, 11.7 mm. Webb Collection; altitude, 27.8 mm; diameter, 11.7 mm. Average, altitude, 26.07 mm.; diameter, 11.81 mm. Greatest, altitude, 28.2 mm.; diameter, 12.6 mm. Least, altitude, 23.7 mm.; diameter, 11.0 mm. Plate 51, figs. 1 and 3. . 104757, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 26.5 mm.; diameter, 11.2mm. Negros. (Figured). . 104757, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 25.0 mm.; diameter, 11.0 mm. Negros. . 184576, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 25.8 mm.; diameter, 11.0mm. Negros. . 184756, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 23.7 mm.; diameter, 11.0mm. Negros. .20158, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.0 mm.; diameter, 11.0mm. Negros. Bay of Cala Cala, Negros. Bay of Cala Cala, Negros. Bay of Cala Cala, Negros. Bay of Cala Cala, Negros. Bay of Cala Cala, Negros. Bay of Cala Cala, Negros. Bay of Cala Cala, Negros. Bay of Cala Cala, Negros. Bay of Cala Cala, Negros. Bay of Cala Cala, Negros. Bay of Cala Cala, Negros. Bay of Cala Cala, Negros. Negros. SCHISTOLOMA (SCHISTOLOMA) ALTA MINDOROENSIS, new subspecies. In this subspecies, which comes from northeastern Mindoro, the peristome is always chocolate brown. The seventeen specimens below give the following measurements: Cat. No. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 25.4 mm.; diameter, 11.8mm. Mindoro (fig- ured type). 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.6 mm.; diameter, 11.3 mm. Mindoro. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.5 mm.; diameter, 11.5 mm. Mindoro. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.6 mm.; diameter, 11.4 mm. Mindoro. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.0 mm.; diameter, 11.4 mm. Mindoro. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.0 mm.; diameter, 11.0mm. Mindoro. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.7 mm.; diameter, 11.0 mm. Mindoro. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 25.3 mm.; diameter, 11.83mm. Mindoro. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 26.0 mm.; diameter, 11.1 mm. Mindoro. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.4 mm.; diameter, 11.4mm. Mindoro. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 23.38 mm.; diameter, 11.3 mm. Mindoro. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.4 mm.; diameter, 11.2 mm. Mindoro. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 23.5 mm.; diameter, 11.0mm. Mindoro. 195736, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 23.8 mm.; diameter, 11.1 mm. Mindoro. No. 257515, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 27.5 mm.; diameter, 12.5 mm. Colapan, Mindoro. No. 257515, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 25.0 mm.; diameter, 11.1 mm. Colapan, Mindoro, Cat. No. 257515, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.8 mm.; diameter, 11.0 mm. Colapan, Mindoro. Average, altitude, 24.69 mm.; diameter, 11.32 mm. Greatest, altitude, 27.5 mm.; diameter, 12.5 mm. Least, altitude, 23.3 mm.; diameter 11.0 mm. Cat. No. Cat. Cat. Cat. Cat. Cat. Jat. Cat. Cat. Cat. Cat. Cat. Cat. Cat. Cat. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. — oe ee Se * ae, ¢ 7 P No. 2104 LAND SHELLS OF THE GENUS SCHISTOLOMA—BARTSCH. 199 SCHISTOLOMA (SCHISTOLOMA) ALTA ROMBLONENSIS, new subspecies. In this subspecies, which comes from Romblon Island, the lip is flesh-colored to pale brown. The shell itself has a greenish tinge. The six specimens which we have seen give the following measure- ments: Cat. No. 296609, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.9 mm.; diameter, 11.1mm. Romblon. Webb collection; altitude, 25.2 mm.; diameter, 11.1mm. Romblon. Webb collection; altitude, 24.5 mm.; diameter, 11.1mm. Romblon. Webb collection; altitude, 26.6 mm.; diameter, 12.6 mm. Romblon. Webb collection; altitude, 26.0 mm.; diameter, 11.7 mm. Romblon. Webb collection; altitude, 22.5 mm.; diameter, 10.3 mm. Romblon. Average, altitude, 24.95 mm.; diameter, 11.31 mm. Greatest, altitude, 26.6 mm.; diameter, 12.6 mm. Least, altitude, 22.5 mm.; diameter, 10.3 mm. SCHISTOLOMA (SCHISTOLOMA) ALTA SIBUYANENSIS, new subspecies. In this subspecies, which comes from Sibuyan Island, the lip varies from dark chocolate brown to flesh-colored. ‘The shell itself, in perfect condition, has a greenish tinge, while in the worn specimens the usual chestnut color prevails. This may be what von Méllendorff listed as Coptochilus altum protracta, a nomen nudum. Thirty specimens of this subspecies measure: Cat. No. 180873, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 23.7 mm.; diameter, 11.3 mm. Sibuyan. Cat, No. 130873, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 25.5 mm.; diameter, 11.5 mm. Sibuyan. Cat. No. 130873, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 25.4mm.; diameter, 11.2mm. Sibuyan. Cat. No. 180873, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 25.5 mm.; diameter, 10.5mm. Sibuyan. Cat. No. 184581, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.3 mm.; diameter, 10.6mm. Sibuyan. Cat. No. 184581, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 25.5 mm.; diameter, 11.2mm. Sibuyan. Cat. No. 296618, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.2 mm.; diameter, 10.6 mm. Sibuyan. Cat. No. 296613, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 23.7 mm.; diameter, 11.1 mm. Sibuyan. Cat. No. 296612, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.0 mm.; diameter, 10.4mm. San Fernando, Sibuyan. Cat. No. 296612, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.8 mm.; diameter, 12.3 mm. San Fernando, Sibuyan. Cat. No. 296612, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 26.9 mm.; diameter, 11.4mm. San Fernando, Sibuyan. Cat. No. 296612, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 23.5 mm.; diameter, 11.6 mm. San Fernando, Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 25.0 mm.; diameter, 11.2 mm. . Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 25.9 mm.; diameter, 11.1mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 24.0 mm.; diameter, 11.0 mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 23.6 mm.; diameter, 11.2 mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 23.2 mm.; diameter, 11.0mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 22.7 mm.; diameter, 11.0 mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 24.1 mm.; diameter, 11.4mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 24.0 mm.; diameter, 11.7 mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 23.6 mm.; diameter, 11.3 mm. Sibuyan. 200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 49, Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 22.7 mm.; diameter, 11.4mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 24.0 mm.; diameter, 10.6 mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 25.6 mm.; diameter, 12.0mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 25.5 mm.; diameter, 12.0 mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 23.5 mm.; diameter, 11.7 mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 24.5 mm.; diameter, 11.3 mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 24.0 mm.; diameter, 10.6 mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 21.7 mm.; diameter, 10.4mm. Sibuyan. Webb collection, 1689; altitude, 21.9 mm.; diameter, 10.8 mm. Sibuyan. Average, altitude, 23.05 mm.; diameter, 10.91 mm. Greatest, altitude, 26.9 mm.; diameter, 12.3 mm. Least, altitude, 22.1 mm.; diameter, 10.2 mm. SCHISTOLOMA (SCHISTOLOMA) ALTA PYGMAFA, new subspecies. This subspecies, of which we have only a single specimen, the type (Cat. No. 296608, U.S.N.M.), comes from the Island of Romblon. It has a brown lip and is much smaller than any of the other subspecies so far noted, the measurements being: alt. 19.5 mm.; diam. 9 mm. SCHISTOLOMA (SCHISTOLOMA) McGREGORI Bartsch. Coptocheilus mcgregori Bartscn, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, pp. 298-299, pl. 29, fig. 15, 1909. Shell elongate conic, chocolate brown, with the peristome ranging from flesh-colored to dark brown. Nuclear whorls a little more than two, well rounded, apparently smooth, scarcely differentiated from the succeeding turns; postnuclear whorls somewhat inflated, well rounded, marked by decidedly retractive, rather strong, closely spaced lines of growth and irregularly distributed, fine, spiral striations which are quite variable in strength. Sutures constricted; periphery of the last whorl rounded; base narrowly umbilicated, with or without a slender fasciole. Aperture almost circular, with a strong double peristome which is strongly reflected, very regular, and in one plane. The outer peristome is adnate to the base; the inner peristome bears a strong notch at the junction of the columella and parietal wall. This species breaks up into three subspecies, as follows: SCHISTOLOMA (SCHISTOLOMA) McGREGORI McGREGORI Bartsch. Plate 51, figs. 2 and 4. Coptocheilus mcegregort Bartscu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, pp. 298-299, pl. 29, fig. 15, 1909. In this subspecies, which comes from Semarara Island, the peris- tome varies from flesh-colored to light brown. Twenty-five specimens yield the followmg measurements: Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.5 mm.; diameter, 9.5mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 19.5 mm.; diameter, 9.0mm. Semerara Id. no. 2104. LAND SHELLS OF THE GENUS SCHISTOLOMA—BARTSCH. 201 Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.0 mm.; diameter, 9.2mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 21.3 mm.; diameter, 9.4mm. Semerara Id Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.5 mm.; diameter, 9.5mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.6 mm.; diameter, 9.2mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.7 mm.; diameter, 9.5 mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.0 mm.; diameter, 9.4mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.0 mm.; diameter, 9.1mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.9 mm.; diameter, 9.3mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.7 mm.; diameter, 9.1mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 19.0 mm.; diameter, 9.4mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.5 mm.; diameter, 9.4mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude,.20.0 mm.; diameter, 9.6 mm, Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.4 mm.; diameter, 9.4mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.3 mm.; diameter, 9.3mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 19.5 mm.; diameter, 9.0mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 21.4 mm.; diameter, 9.2mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.6 mm.; diameter, 9.5mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.2 mm.; diameter, 9.3mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.6 mm.; diameter, 9.9mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.2 mm.; diameter, 9.2mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 21.0 mm.; diameter, 9.0 mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.8 mm.; diameter, 9.9mm. Semerara Id. Cat. No. 205181, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 20.9 mm.; diameter, 9.1mm. Semerara Id. Average, altitude, 20.40 mm.; diameter, 9.37 mm. Greatest, altitude, 21.4 mm.; diameter, 9.9 mm, Least, altitude, 19.0 mm.; diameter, 9.0 mm. SCHISTOLOMA (SCHISTOLOMA) McGREGORI TABLASENSIS, new subspecies. In this subspecies, which comes from Tablas Island, the reflected lip is chocolate brown. The seventeen specimens examined give the following measure- ments: Cat. No. 195738, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 23.2mm.; diameter, 10.6mm. TablasId.(type) Cat. No. 195733, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 22.0 mm.; diameter, 10.3 mm. Tablas Id. Cat. No. 195733, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 22.8 mm.; diameter, 10.2 mm. Tablas Id. Cat. No. 195733, U.S.N.M.; altitude,.23.2 mm.; diameter, 10.9 mm. Tablas Id. Cat. No. 195733, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 23.7 mm.; diameter, 10.5 mm. Tablas Id. Cat. No. 195733, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 23.7 mm.; diameter, 10.4 mm. Tablas Id. Cat. No. 195733, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 22.0 mm.; diameter, 10.3 mm. Tablas Id. Cat. No. 195733, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 22.8 mm.; diameter, 10.3 mm. Tablas Id. Cat. No. 195733, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 23.9 mm.; diameter, 10.5 mm. Tablas Id. Cat. No. 195783, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 22.3 mm.; diameter, 10.5 mm. Tablas Id. Cat. No. 195733, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 22.0 mm.; diameter, 10.2 mm. Tablas Id. Cat. No. 195733, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 22.1 mm.; diameter, 10.2 mm. Tablas Id. Webb collection, altitude, 23.0 mm.; diameter, 10.6 mm. Badagoz, Tablas Id. Webb collection, altitude, 23.0 mm.; diameter, 10.6 mm. Badagoz, Tablas Id. Webb collection, altitude, 22.3 mm.; diameter, 10.8 mm. Badagoz, Tablas Id. Webb collection, altitude, 23.0 mm.; diameter, 10.6 mm. Badagoz, Tablas Id. Webb collection, altitude, 22.2 mm.; diameter, 10.1mm. Badagoz, Tablas Id. Average, altitude, 22.77 mm.; diameter, 10.44 mm. Greatest, altitude, 23.7 mm.; diameter, 10.9 mm. Least, altitude, 22.0 mm.; diameter, 10.1 mm. - 202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 49. SCHISTOLOMA (SCHISTOLOMA) McGREGORI WEBBI, new subspecies. In this subspecies, which comes from southern Mindoro and Ilin Island, the peristome varies from flesh-colored to light brown. Fifteen specimens from Mindoro give the following measurements: Cat. No. 296610, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 23.8 mm.; diameter, 11.8 mm. Caguray, Min- doro, (type). Phil. Bur. Science No. 37, altitude, 24.0mm.; diameter, 10.4mm. Caguray, Mindoro. Webb collection, Webb collection, Webb collection, Webb collection, altitude, 22.5 mm.; diameter, 10.1mm. Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. Webb collection, altitude, 21.2 mm.; diameter, 10.1mm. Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. Webb collection, altitude, 23.0 mm.; diameter, 11.0 mm. Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. Webb collection, altitude, 22.5 mm.; diameter, 10.2 mm. Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. Webb collection, altitude, 22.8 mm.; diameter, 11.1 mm. Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. Webb collection, altitude, 23.0 mm.; diameter, 10.5 mm. Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. Webb collection, altitude, 22.5 mm.; diameter, 10.4mm. Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. Webb collection, altitude, 21.5 mm.; diameter, 10.1 mm. Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. Webb collection, altitude, 25.0 mm.; diameter, 10.3 mm. Mangarin, Mindoro. Webb collection, altitude, 22.8 mm.; diameter, 10.3 mm. Mangarin, Mindoro. altitude, 23.3 mm.; altitude, 21.1 mm.; altitude, 21.8 mm. ; diameter, 10.3 mm. diameter, 10.2 mm. diameter, 10.1 mm. Average, altitude, 22.68 mm.; diameter, 10.46 mm. Greatest, altitude, 25.0 mm.; diameter, 11.8 mm. Least, altitude, 21.1 mm.; diameter, 10.1 mm. Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. Nineteen specimens from Ilin Island yield the following measure- ments: Cat. No. 195734, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 25.4 mm.; diameter, 11.0 mm. _ TIlin Id. Cat. No. 195734, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.0mm.; diameter, 10.3 mm. Ilin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 23.5 mm.; diameter, 11.0 mm. TIlin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 23.0 mm.; diameter, 11.8 mm. Ilin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 24.4 mm.; diameter, 11.2 mm. Ilin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 24.0 mm.; diameter, 10.3 mm. TIlin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 24.0 mm.; diameter, 10.3 mm. Tin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 23.9 mm.; diameter, 10.1 mm. IJlin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 24.0 mm.; diameter, 10.9 mm. Ilin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 24.0 mm.; diameter, 10.1 mm. Ilin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 24.1 mm.; diameter, 10.1mm. [lin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 23.3 mm.; diameter, 10.3 mm. [lin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 24.9 mm.; diameter, 10.8 mm. Tin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 21.9 mm.; diameter, 10.4mm. [lin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 23.0 mm.; diameter, 10.0mm. Ilin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 22.0 mm.; diameter, 10.0 mm. Ilin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 22.8 mm.; diameter, 10.0mm. _ Ilin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 22.8 mm.; diameter, 10.2mm. Ilin Id. Webb collection, altitude, 22.0 mm.; diameter, 10.2 mm. Ilin Id. Average, altitude, 23.47 mm.; diameter, 10.45 mm. (=>) :} ? ? Greatest, altitude, 25.4 mm.; diameter, 11.3 mm. Least, altitude, 21.9 mm.; diameter, 10.0 mm. no. 2104 LAND SHELLS OF THE GENUS SCHISTOLOMA—BARTSCH. 203 SCHISTOLOMA (HOLOLOMA) QUADRASI Hidalgo. Megalomastoma quadrasi Hipaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 37, p. 305, pl. 15, fig. 5, 1889. Coptocheilus quadrast Kosretr and Moéuuenporrr, Nachrbl. Deut. Malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 141, 1897. Coptochilus quadrasi Métuenvorrr, Abh. Ges. Gorlitz, vol. 22, p. 186, 1898. Coptochilus quadrasi rhodochilus MOtLENvDORFrY, Abh. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22, p. 186, 1898 (nomen nudum). Schistoloma quadrasi Das Tierreich, vol. 16, p. 280, 1902. Shell stout, subeylindric, rapidly tapering at the summit, chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls not differentiated from the postnuclear turns, apparently very finely pitted. This pitting, however, may be due to erosion. Postnuclear whorls somewhat inflated, well rounded, appressed at the summit, marked by very fine, slightly retractive, closely spaced lines of growth and exceedingly fine, irregularly dis- tributed, spiral striations. Sutures slightly impressed; periphery of the last whorl well rounded; base moderately long, narrowly umbili- cated, bearing on its middle a strong, raised spiral cord. Aperture subcircular; peristome reflected, thick, white, adnate to the base posteriorly. This species has been reported so far only from two islands, both belonging to the Calamianes group. They are Busuanga and Coron. There is a difference in the size of the specimens occurring on these two islands, so they may be considered as two distinct subspecies. SCHISTCLOMA (HOLOLOMA) QUADRASI QUADRASI Hidalgo. Plate 51, figs. 8 and 10. Megalomastoma quadrasi H1paueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 37, p. 305, pl. 15, fig. 5, 1889. Coptocheilus quadrasi Kopreyr and M6uuENDorrr, Nachrbl. Deut. Malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 141, 1897. Coptochilus quadrast M6uLENDORFF, Abh. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22, p. 186, 1898. Schistoloma quadrasi Das Tierreich, vol. 16, p. 280, 1902. We have seen 125 specimens from Busuanga. Twenty-five of these, taken at random, give the following measurements: Cat. No. 184579, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 26.1 mm.; diameter, 13 mm. Busuanga Id. (figured). Cat. No. 184579, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 25.5 mm.; diameter, 12.5 mm. Busuanga Id. Cat. No. 195735, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 24.6 mm.; diameter, 11.3 mm. Busuanga Id. Cat. No. 195735, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 26.8 mm.; diameter, 13.4 mm. Busuanga Id. Cat. No. 195735, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 27.4 mm.; diameter, 12.9 mm. Busuanga Id. Cat. No. 195735, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 26.0 mm.; diameter, 12.4mm. Busuanga Id. Cat. No. 195735, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 26.0 mm.; diameter, 12.8 mm. Busuanga Id. Cat. No. 195735, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 26.3 mm.; diameter, 13.0 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 25.4 mm.; diameter, 12.7 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 27.2 mm.; diameter, 12.5 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 26.0 mm.; diameter, 13.0 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 26.0 mm.; diameter, 12.5 mm. Busuanga Id. 204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Webb collection; altitude, 25.5 mm.; diameter, 12.5 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 25.0 mm.; diameter, 12.6 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 26.2 mm.; diameter, 12.5 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 27.0 mm.; diameter, 13.0 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 24.7 mm.; diameter, 12.7 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 25.0 mm.; diameter, 13.0 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 26.0 mm.; diameter, 13.1 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 25.7 mm.; diameter, 12.6 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 25.3 mm.; diameter, 13.0 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 25.3 mm.; diameter, 12.6 mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 25.3 mm.; diameter, 12.4mm. Busuanga Id. Webb collection; altitude, 26.0 mm.; diameter, 13.0 mm. Busuanga Id. ‘Webb collection; altitude, 24.5 mm.; diameter, 12.1 mm. Busuanga Id. Average, altitude, 25.71 mm.; diameter, 13.04 mm. Greatest, altitude, 27.4 mm.; diameter, 13.4 mm. Least, altitude, 24.5 mm.; diameter, 11.3 mm. SCHISTOLOMA (HOLOLOMA) QUADRASI CORONENSIS, new subspecies. This subspecies is uniformly larger than quadrasi. We have seen thirteen specimens from the Island of Coron, which give the follow- ing measurements. This is probably what was listed as Coptochilus quadrasi rhodochilus by von Mollendorff, which is a nomen nudum.! Cat. No. 296611, U.S.N.M.; altitude, 28.4mm.; diameter, 14.0mm. Coron Id. (type). Webb collection; altitude, 28.3 mm.; diameter, 13.4 mm. Coron Id. Webb collection; altitude, 28.1 mm.; diameter, 13.8 mm. Coron Id. Webb collection; altitude, 27.5 mm.; diameter, 13.0 mm. Coron Id. Webb collection; altitude, 28.5 mm.; diameter, 13.8 mm. Coron Id. Webb collection; altitude, 29.0 mm.; diameter, 14.0 mm. Coron Id. Webb collection; altitude, 30.0 mm.; diameter, 13.2 mm. Coron Id. Webb collection; altitude, 28.0 mm.; diameter, 14.3 mm. Coron Id. Webb collection; altitude, 27.9 mm.; diameter, 14.5 mm. Coron Id. Webb collection; altitude, 27.0 mm.; diameter, 13.8 mm. Coron Id. Webb collection; altitude, 27.1 mm.; diameter, 13.0 mm. Coron Id. Webb collection; altitude, 27.0 quia diameter, 13.2 mm. Coron Id. Webb collection; altitude, 26.4 mm.; diameter, 13.3 mm. Coron Id. Average, altitude, 28.4 mm. roma Cen 13.56 mm, Greatest, altitude, 30.0 mm.; diameter, 14.5 mm. Least, altitude, 26.4 mm.; daametar: 13.0 mm. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 51. Fig. 1. Schistoloma (Schistoloma) alta mindoroensis Bartsch, profile (type). 2. Schistoloma (Schistoloma) megregort megregort Bartsch, basal view (type). 3. Schistoloma (Schistoloma) alta mindoroensis Bartsch, basal view (type). 4, Schistoloma (Schistoloma) mcgregort megregori Bartsch, profile (type). 5. Operculum of Schistoloma, inner view. ‘The light area represents the muscu- lar attachment; the central ring, the fusing of the various laminae. 6. Same as above, lateral view, to show the arrangement of the laminae. 7. Same as above, exterior view, showing the edge of the last lamina, a inner circle indicating the fusing points of all the laminae. 8. Schistoloma (Hololoma) quadrasi quadrasi Hidalgo, profile. 9. Schistoloma (Schistoloma) alta alta Sowerby, basal view. 10. Schistoloma (Hololoma) quadrasi quadrasi Hidalgo, basal view. 11. Schistoloma (Schistoloma) alta alta Sowerby, profile. 1 Abh. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22, p. 186, 1898. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 51 PHILIPPINE LAND SHELLS OF THE GENUS SCHISTOLOMA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 208, DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA. By S. A. Rouwer, Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. The following paper, which is a contribution from the Branch of Forest Insects, Bureau of Entomology, contains the descriptions of forty-seven new species of Hymenoptera, and notes on certain other species and genera. Many of the species are of economic importance in regard to the forest trees, some of them being important parasites, others of them, defoliators. In the preparation of these descrip- tions the Zeiss binocular microscope was used with the magnification varying from 27 to 35 diameters. The types of all the new species are in the United States National Museum. Family TENTHREDINIDAE. Genus EMPHYTINA Rohwer. EMPHYTINA VANDUZEEI, new species. This species is readily differentiated from all the North American species by being entirely black. In the key to the Nearctic species ' this will fall in with anornatus and canadensis, but the black legs, black pronotum, and black mesepisternum readily separate it from those species. Female.—Length 6.5mm. Apical margin of the clypeus depressed, deeply, subangulately emarginate, lobes broad, triangular in out- line; basal portion of the clypeus convex; supraclypeal area strongly uniformly convex; supraclypeal foveae deep, not sharply differ- entiated from the ventral production of the antennal foveae; middle fovea shallow, circular in outline; pentagonal area with sloping walls which unite on the postocellar line; postcellar furrow rather well-defined; postocellar area well defined laterally, convex, indistinctly parted by a median furrow, shining, about twice as wide as the cephalcaudad length; postocellar line slightly shorter than the ocellocular line; antennae short, filiform; flagellum hairy, first joint distinctly but not much longer than the second; head except the postocellar area strongly opaque, with fine reticulations on a granular 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 1911, p. 399. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 49—No. 2105. 205 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. surface; prescutum subopaque; scutum shining; stigma broader at base, gradually tapering at apex; transverse radius strongly curved, leaving the stigma at the apex and joining the radius, almost inter- stitial with the third transverse cubitus; third (second) cubital cell longer than its apical width, about one and one-half times broader apically; sheath straight above, oblique from the apex to near the base when it becomes nearly straight. Black; anterior tibiae in front and a small line at the knees of the intermediate legs pale piceous wings hyaline, iridescent, venation black. Lancaster, New York: Described from one female collected June 2, 1912, by M. C. Van Duzee, for whom the species is named. Type.—Cat. No. 18378, U.S. N. M. Genus DIMORPHOPTERYX Ashmead. DIMORPHOPTERYX COLORADENSIS, new species. This species is more closely allied to Dumorphopteryx melanognathus than any other described species. It may be separated from mela- nognathus by the yellow labrum, more sharply angulate emargina- tion of the clypeus, better defined ocellar basin and the more robust sheath. Female.—Length, 8 mm. Labrum broadly rounded; clypeus flat without a depressed apical edge, apical margin with a deep, broad V-shaped emargination, the lobes broad, triangular, in outline shaped as the shape of the emargination; supraclypeal foveae elongate, deeply, indistinctly connected with the antennal foveae; supra- clypeal area small, convex; antennal furrows poorly defined; middle fovea obsolete; ocellar basin well defined above but with the walls obsolete below; postocellar area well defined laterally, anterior margin well defined by the postocellar furrow, narrowing anteriorly; the cephalo-caudad length subequal with the posterior width; the posterior margin raised into two elongate transverse tubercles; head shining; the ocellar and antennal areas punctured; posterior orbits and vertex shining, with very few punctures; prescutum and secutum shining; prescutum anteriorly with a few large punctures; mesepisternum closely punctato-reticulate above; stigma broadly rounded below, the apical margin truncate; transverse radius joining the third cubital cell slightly beyond the middle; third cubital cell on the radius subequal with the first and second; the third trans- verse radius arched inwardly; sheath robust, slightly concave above, subtruncate at the apex then broadly oblique to the subparallel basal portion. Black; labrum, spot on the mandibles, tegulae and four anterior legs, stramineous; antennae beyond the third joint rufo- piceous; second to fourth inclusive abdominal segments, the poste- rior femora and tibiae except apices rufous; posterior trochanters — a ee a ee ee eo Te >See No, 2105. NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA—ROHWER. 207 and posterior tarsi stramineous; wings yellowish hyaline, venation except the yellow costa black. El Paso County, Colorado. Described from one female collected June 14, 1914, by A. B. Champlain. Type.—Cat. No. 18556, U.S.N.M. Genus TENTHREDELLA Rohwer. TENTHREDELLA TURNERI, new species. This species is related to Tenthredella mordax (Konow) but may be differentiated from that species by the yellow angles of the pronotum and yellow tegulae. From Tenthredella cyanata (Konow) to which it is probably closest, this species may be separated by the color of the wings and different vertex which can not be said to be “quadrato, medio-sub-carinato.”’ Female.—Length, 11.5 mm. Anterior margin of the labrum ob- tusely pointed; clypeus convex, apical margin with a U-shaped emargination, the lobes broad, truncate; supraclypeal area depressed ; supraclypeal foveae obsolete; antennal foveae well defined dorsally but reduced ventrally; antennal furrows shallow beyond the foveae; frontal basin deep, well defined, the bottom glabrous, the walls extend- ing dorsally to the anterior ocellus; ocelli in an equilateral triangle; postocellar area well defined laterally, wider by one-fourth than the cephal-caudad length; postocellar furrow obsolete; head subopaque, finely granular, the median area around the basin and the posto- cellar area with coarser granulation; antennae long, filiform, third and fourth joints subequal in length; mesoscutum and prescutum granular, opaque; scutellum strongly convex, granular but more closely so than the scutum; scutellar appendage without a well defined longitudinal carina; mesepisternum sculptured like the scutum; stigma narrow, tapering; third cubital cell longer than the first two combined, its apical width as great as two-thirds its length on the radius; abdomen finely transversely aciculate; sheath parallel-sided, narrow, apex subtruncate. Black, abdomen blue; clypeus, labrum, mandibles except teeth, spot below the eye, posterior angles of the pronotum and tegulae, pale stramineous; legs stramineous; apex of the four anterior femora, the four anterior tibiae above, apex of the posterior femora above, the four anterior tarsi, the posterior tibiae and their tarsi, black wings dusky hyaline, the posterior pair paler; venation black. Male.—Length, 9.5 mm. Differs from the female only in having the four anterior femora with the black line complete. Shillong, Assam. Described from one female, type, and one male, allotype, collected September, 1903, by R. E. Turner, for whom the species is named. Type.—Cat. No. 18532, U.S.N.M. 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 49. Genus PACHYPROTASIS Hartig. PACHYPROTASIS BRUNETTII, new species. Apparently closest to Pachyprotasis albocincta Cameron, but differs in a number of ways from Cameron’s description, being readily separated by the black apices of the hind femora. From Pachypro- tasis violaceodorsata to which it shows affinities it may be separated by the sides and venter being almost entirely black. Male.—Length 7mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus shallowly, subsquarely emarginate, the lobes triangular, obtusely pointed; labrum longer than the clypeus, truncate at the apex; supraclypeal fovea deep, punctiform; supraclypeal area uniformly convex, rec- tangular in outline; median fovea punctiform, small; a small crescent shaped fovea in front of the anterior ocellus; antennal furrows poorly defined; ocelli in nearly an equilateral triangle; postocellar area rectangular in outline, twice as broad as the cephal-caudad length; lateral margin of the postocellar area decidedly latrad of the posterior ocelli; antennae long, slender, flattened, beneath with two carinae, the third and fourth joints subequal; head subopaque with rather coarse punctures above the antennae, the remaining portion of the head being rather sparsely punctured; prescutum, scutum, and scutellum shining, with sparse, distinct, well defined punctures; mesepisternum opaque, rather coarsely granular; third cubital cell but little longer that the second, receiving the transverse radius a little beyond the middle; second recurrent joining the cubitus the length of the second transverse cubitus in the third cubital cell. Blue- black, variegated with stramineous; head black; clypeus, labrum, man- dibles except piceous apices, head below the antennae, inner orbits almost to the vertex, posterior orbits to above the middle of the eye and an oblique spot from the upper margin of the eyes to the occiput, stramineous; scape with a small yellow spot beneath; palpi piceous thorax blue-black; sides of the prescutum, the posterior margin of the pronotum both dorsally and laterally, tegulae, spot on the anterior margin of the mesepisternum, posterior margin of the mesepimeron, metepisternum, spot on the scutellum, scutellar appendage and met- anotum, stramineous; abdomen blue-black; the venter and lozenge shaped spots on the third to sixth tergites stramineous; legs strami- neous; the coxae, apices of four anterior femora above, four anterior tibiae above, entire apices of the posterior femora, the posterior tibiae and all of the tarsi, black; wings hyaline with a faint yellowish tinge, iridescent; venation black. Darjiling, Northern India. Described from three males (one, type), collected at an altitude of 7,000 feet, September 19, 1905, by Brunetti for whom the species is named. The species are labelled as being collected on flowers and hedges in gardens. Type.—Cat. No. 18533, U.S.N.M. NO. 2105. NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA—ROJIWER. 209 Genus BLENNOCAMPA Hartig. BLENNOCAMPA ASSAMENSIS, new name. Blennocampa gracilicornis RouweEr, Rec. Indian Mus., vol. 8, 1913, p. 239 [not (Selandria, Blennocampa) Rhadinoceraea gracilicornis (Zaddach) Konow]. Genus PONTANIA Costa. PONTANIA AMENTIVORA, new species. From the sheath this species will form a new group which more closely approaches Group 2 as defined by Marlatt in his Revision of the North American Nematinae, but is readily distinct from that species group inasmuch as the ventral portion of the sheath is tri- lobed. Female.—Length, 4 mm. Labrum obtusely rounded; clypeus with a shallow, narrow median emargination; lobes broad and round; supraclypeal area triangular in outline, convex; supraclypeal foveae represented by an oblique line; middle fovae elongate, obtusely . pointed below and rounded above; antennal foveae large, lateral walls sloping and extending to the inner margins of the eyes; ocellar basin represented by an elongate fovae, with sloping walls, in front of the anterior ocellus; antennal furrows complete; postocellar line decidedly longer than the ocellocular line; postocellar area short, not twice the diameter of a lateral ocellus, not sharply defined anteriorly and laterally extending beyond the lateral margin of the lateral ocelli; third antennal joint slightly shorter than the fourth; third cubital cell one-fifth longer than its apical width, slightly wider apically than basally; lower discoidal cell in the hind wings distinctly shorter than the upper; nates broadly rounded apically; cerci promi- nent, tapering; sheath as viewed from the side narrow, acuminate at the apex; seen from beneath, the sheath, is trilobed, the concave por- tion filled with fine pubescence; ventral view of the sheath super- ficially resembles that of Diprion; claws cleft, the inner tooth dis- tinctly shorter than the outer one. Black; clypeus, mandibles except apices, labrum, supracylypeal area, cheeks, the apices of the coxae, trochanters, the apices of the femora and the tibiae beneath yellowish or yellowish white; wings hyaline, iridescent, venation dark brown. _ Falls Church, Virginia. Described from four females recorded under Bureau of Entomology Number Hopk. U.S. 10128, material collected, and reared, May 13, 1913, by S. A. Rohwer. This species lives, in the larval stage, in the pistillate catkins of a small species of Saliz and causes the destruction of the ovaries and the premature forming of “cotton.” It pupates with in a self-spun cocoon in the ground. 81022°—Proe.N.M.vol.49—15 14 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUS#HUM. vou. 49. Cocoon of the normal nematine type, dark brown, covered with white silk. Type.—Cat. No. 18313, U.S.N.M. Genus PTERONIDEA Rohwer. PTERONIDEA WINNANAE Robwer. This species belongs to the group trilineatae as defined by Rohwer,’ and in his table to the species runs it to trilineata Norton, but it may be readily distinguished from that species by the following synopsis which should follow as Number Two coming from the place occupied by trilineata in the above-mentioned table: 2. Middle fovea triangulae in outline; clypeus broadly, arcuately emarginate, the emargination broader than the lobes; hind tibiae all brown........- trilineata. Middle fovea elongate; clypeus narrowly emarginate, the emargination narrower than the lobes; hind tibiae paleat: base: +..7...4.32.2) .2 ee ee middletonia. The male runs in Marlatt’s table to vancouverensis from which it may be easily distinguished by the black perscutum. Female.—Length, 5.5 mm. Ocellar basin well defined, not extend- ing beyond the posterior margin of the anterior ocellus; frontal crest not broken; postocellar area poorly defined anteriorly, well defined laterally by curved furrows; postocellar line subequal with the ocell- ocular line; third antennal joint noticeably shorter than the fourth; stigma uniformly rounded below; third cubital cell nearly of equal width, longer than its apical width; lower discal cell distinctly shorter than upper; sheath broad, straight above, broadly rounded below; teeth of the claws of equal length. Pale yellow; spot around the ocelli, antennae, spot on the scutum and prescutum, apex of the scutellum, metathorax, dorsal middle of abdomen, apex of the sheath, extreme apices of the hind tibiae and the hind tarsi, black; wings hyaline, iridescent, venation pale brown, stigma pale. Male.—Length 4.5mm. Ocellar basin rather more sharply defined than in the female; third cubital cell almost quadrate; hypopygidium obtusely pointed; prodecentia slightly longer than the apical width, strongly carinate, truncate apically with the angles rounded; other- wise the male agrees in structure with the female. Black; head pale except the area bounded by the antennal furrows; antennae black; pronotum, tegulae, upper margin of the mesepisternum, venter, legs except the apices of the posterior tibiae and the tarsi, pale yellow; wings like the female. Ballston (Lacy), Virginia. Redescription from one female and three males recorded under Bureau of Entomology Number Hopk. U.S. 11316b, material collected, and reared September 9, 1912, by William Middleton. The larvae of this species feeds on Saliz. ! Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 43, 1912, p. 244. NO. 2105. NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA—ROHWER. 211 PTERONIDEA ACERIS, new species. Female.—Length 6.5 mm. Anterior margin of the labrum trun- cate; clypeus short, not strongly convex, anterior margin broadly, arcuately emarginate, the lobes low, obtusely rounded apically and about half the width of the emargination in width; supraclypeal area strongly convex; middle fovea deep, almost circular in outline; frontal crest but slightly broken; antennal furrows complete above the crest; crest sharp; the lateral dorsal walls of the postocellar basin obsolete, the lower walls well defined, sharp, indicating a pentagonal ocellar basin; a small, shining fovea directly in front of anterior ocellus; postocellar line subequal in length with the ocellocular line; postocellar area not well defined laterally; the lateral furrows indi- cated only anteriorly and originating immediately behind the lateral margin of the lateral ocelli; antennae antenniform, the third and fourth joints subequal; thorax shining, impunctate except the setig- erous punctures; stigma angulate slightly basad of the middle, taper- ing to the apex, broad; second recurrent and second transverse cubitus interstitial; third cubital cell slightly widening apically, about half as long as its apical width; discal cells of the hind wings of equal length; teeth of the claws subequal in length; sheath stout, straight, above, tapering from an obtusely rounded apex to a broad base. Black; labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, supra- clypeal and lateral supraclypeal areas, spot on the inner posterior orbits, pronotum, tegula, spot on the scutellum, line on the scutellum, spot on the mesepisternum dorsally, and abdomen except infuscate basal plates, ferruginous; antennae brown, slightly paler beneath; legs except apical joints of the four anterior tarsi, apices of the pos- terior tibiae and the entire posterior tarsi which are infuscate, pallid; wings hyaline, slightly iridescent, venation dark brown. Charter Oak, Pennsylvania. Described from one female recorded under Bureau of Entomology Number Hopk. U.S. 10708d. Material collected by T. E. Snyder and reared June 15, 1913, by S. A. Rohwer. Type.—Cat. No. 18190, U.S.N.M. This species is related to populi and hudsonica Dyar. The follow- ing table will separate it and the other species which fall in the cate- gory entitled ‘‘Angles, etc., pale,” on page 45 of Marlatt’s Revision of the North American Nematinae. Clypeus, supraclypeal area black (antennal furrows not depressed sharply above the Peres Ete Ost att so se ke ee bas Jee. we emel. oA cps eres pulchella Rohwer mapeuniand supractypeal aren pales osj25. Sun sudan an BR szeyes Ue 6 eset Sta loth ogee i coh prac OE ON Le higaelge. rane aol)’ ...oud, 00 ‘ Pat oo NS St af ri ‘ : Nes ? i 2 , Bad e 3 he park vs: Bie 5c nate. Sneha ae bh i la - =e | y LA, Tee hal OF isa he ea hee vata tk he pre i uaa yas p Ae ee it Le See Bra hs! Se et te Leura’ eae pindle, Cy bay oath Oa ee ERY x ern i op ai tak if ‘ i tie 5 as hee Sy Y ae | PO tO pee + AGE, RE SA TAC Ee Py le “Ae ay BR okt wih 2 Ls i i of bP, / aah oe ow kina ae Cubes ea a 1 ron Gets we ori ‘ t t ; tar ~ : bd 7 a 5 J _ ‘ Ht eee a s ge me MT LtAy. mii cy ay LS t afl od a a ce tas poreae pote ST eaek seas yy a EF Y tastealy. Cees, Pesce foamy Bg Syst eg eae A des healt Ea ee a rik GR el rt 3 a aT) ven ethene ae ; a me a ree Chepetr's ih MARS OOK chess vie rs MEE “Eeveiaad Mee ia saree fe ise redy a Bis lk Tay ein ee eine ih ye Gy: og Tbe Mata : | on AY oh Dey PAL BACAR! 1G Gai i. sot Se ea kot ure Te dae iss GRY peg ple Be Merwin), hare ise it ae awe ae HOINSst Ww ie i are iG nei Ar cA Taye Te Neh Prepon Wenleci te: Piae Ae eee ATT by ia 1k! | mn |: RED tia . i) ty, 1s waar: wo.) mis Bifeh ete fats dite wen wid wd on Bl: “ane tee Pee WT 4 a}. Suaual Ya Se ee = é eee: Bait, seta Seale CRITICAL NOTES ON THE SUBSPECIES OF THE SPOTTED OWL, STRIX OCCIDENTALIS (XANTUS). By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, Of the Biological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture. The four current subspecies of Strix occidentalis, with the geo- graphical range apportioned to each, are as follows: STRIX OCCIDENTALIS OCCIDENTALIS (Xantus). Syrnium occidentale Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 193 (Fort Tejon, California). Southern California and northern Lower California. STRIX OCCIDENTALIS CAURINA (Merriam). Syrnium occidentale caurinum Merriam, Auk, vol. 15, January, 1898, p. 40 (Mount Vernon, Skagit Valley, Washington). Southern British Columbia, south through western Washington and western Oregon to central California. STRIX OCCIDENTALIS HUACHUCAE Swarth. Strix occidentalis huachuce Swartu, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., vol. 7, No. 1, May 26, 1910, p. 3 (Huachuca Mountains, Arizona). Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and central western Texas. STRIX OCCIDENTALIS LUCIDA (Nelson). Syrnium occidentale lucidum NeEtson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 16, November 30, 1903, p. 152 (Mount Tancitaro, Michoacan, Mexico). States of Guanajuato and Michoacan, Mexico. Each of these forms was originally described from a single specimen, and the species is still uncommon in museums. Recent collecting for the United States Biological Survey has resulted in the acquisition of eight adult specimens of Strix occidentalis huachucae, all in fine adult autumn plumage, six of them from New Mexico, the others from Arizona. The types of Strix occidentalis caurina and Strix occidentalis lucida are also in the Biological Survey collection; while in addition the United States National Museum possesses the type of Strix occi- dentalis occidentalis and another California specimen; one adult Strix occidentalis lucida from Guanajuato, Mexico; and a practically topo- typical example of Striz occidentalis huachucae. Through the kindness PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 49—No. 2106. 251 252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 49. of Dr. Joseph Grinnell I have been able to examine the type of Striz occidentalis huachucae; and Dr. Louis B. Bishop has obligingly sent two specimens from New Mexico, together with three from Arizona, and two of Striz occidentalis occidentalis from California. Through Mr. H. S. Swarth it has been made possible to borrow nine more specimens of Strix occidentalis occidentalis from California, which he had brought together for a further study of his Strix occidentalis huachucae. He, furthermore, very courteously offered the writer the use of his manuscript notes made with the view of publishing a sup- plementary account. The above material, altogether 31 specimens, including 2 in juvenal plumage, constitutes by considerable the largest series of birds of this species that has ever been available at one time. A careful study of these for the purpose of identifying specimens in the collection of the Biological Survey, compels some surprising as well as interesting conclusions, which seem worthy of printed record. The eight adult examples from New Mexico, together with the six from southern Arizona, represent what should be typical Stria occi- dentalis huachucae. This race, quoting the original description,! differs from Strix occidentalis occidentalis as follows: “Similar to Strix occidentalis occidentalis (Xantus), but slightly smaller, and conspicuously paler; white markings more extensive and dark areas less deep toned.” An exhaustive comparison of this series of 14 adults from New Mexico and Arizona with typical Strix occidentalis occidentalis shows that all but one of the characters given to separate Strix occidentalis huachucae are merely individual. The difference of size is inconsider- able and inconsequential, as the appended measurements demonstrate; while the supposedly most important distinction, that of the lighter tone of the dark areas, appears in but five of the fourteen specimens, and many of the others are even darker than normal Strix occidentalis occidentalis! A single bird from Tucson, Arizona (No.84433,U.S.N.M), is the palest of the present series, being, in its light rufescent brown coloration, very much like the type of Strix occidentalis huachucae, but even lighter and more rufescent, with more tinge of ochraceous on the face and lower parts. A specimen from the Santa Rita Mountains (No. 241139, U.S.N.M.), some 30 or 40 miles south of Tucson is, however, as dark as the type of Strix occidentalis caurina, the supposedly darkest form of the species. Other examples from New Mexico are even darker. Thus, light rufescent birds like the Tucson specimen above mentioned, together with others nearly as light in ground color, from New Mexico and Arizona, are found geographically intermingled with dark birds, and must be considered, therefore, merely as representing a color phase. There is, likewise, nothing but individual variation in the 1 Swarth, Uniy. Calif. Publ. Zool., vol. 7, No. 1, May 26, 1910, p. 3. No, 2106. NOTES ON THE SPOTTED OWL—OBERHAOLSER. 2538 amount of dark mottling on the legs and feet of these specimens, so that this can not be a racial characteristic. The only characters, so far as we can discover, which will distinguish Strix occidentalis hua- chucae from Striz occidentalis occidentalis are the larger white markings on scapulars, cervix, superior wing-coverts, and posterior lower parts; together with the paler, often whitish bars on wing-quills and tail- feathers. This increase of white is most conspicuous and most nearly constant on the scapulars, only average on the other parts; but taken altogether, seems sufficient for the recognition of the Arizona race as distinguished from that of California. Another subspecies described as Syrnium occidentale lucidum from Mount Tancitaro, Michoacan, Mexico, by Mr. E. W. Nelson,! was diagnosed as follows: “Darker and with much less yellowish buffy suffusion throughout than in S. occidentale; white markings larger and clearer white.” The type is identical in all respects with a specimen from Taylor Creek, Socorro County, New Mexico, except for being not quite so dark above as the latter. As a matter of fact, most of the birds in the New Mexico and Arizona series are fully as dark as the type of Strix occidentalis lucida, several of them even more deeply colored. Another Mexican example, from Guanajuato, is the same as Strix occidentalis lucida from Michoacan, though somewhat lighter than the type, with almost immaculate white legs and feet and more restricted white markings on the upper surface. From others of the Arizona and New Mexico series it can not be distinguished. Since, furthermore, all the characters valid for the separation of Strix occi- dentalis lucida from Strix occidentalis occidentalis are the same as those distinguishing Striz occidentalis huachucae from Striz occidentalis occidentalis, it follows that Striz occidentalis lucida and Striz occidentalis huachucae are identical. Thus the name of the Arizona race becomes Strix occidentalis lucida Nelson,’ because this name has several years priority over Strix occidentalis huachucae Swarth.? The above comparisons necessarily involved an examination of Strix occidentalis caurina, from Mount Vernon, Washington. This was originally described * as differing from Strix occidentalis occidentalis principally by reason of darker general coloration and reduced white markings. The before-mentioned specimens from California prove beyond reasonable doubt that Strix occidentalis caurina is a synonym of Strix occidentalis occidentalis, for all its peculiarities are to be found among these California birds. Many of the specimens of Strix occi- dentalis lucida from Arizona and New Mexico are fully as dark above as is Strix occidentalis caurina, and some are even darker; several are as dark below, with nearly the same amount of ochraceous suffusion 2 Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., vol. 7, No. 1, May 26, 1910, p. 3. 3 Merriam, Auk, vol. 15, 1898, p. 40. 954 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 49. posteriorly, and with practically an equal amount of mottling on the legs and feet. In the reduction of light markings on the upper surface the type of Strix occidentalis caurina may be closely matched in all respects by some of the California birds, as well as by the type of Strix occidentalis occidentalis. Moreover, the type of Stria occidentalis occidentalis is an old, formerly mounted specimen, and is considerably faded and apparently otherwise discolored. Another southern Cali- fornia example (No. 1392, collection of G. Willett) is actually identical with the type of Striz occidentalis caurina, except for being darker. There is thus no distinctive character left for the recognition of Strix occidentalis caurvna as a subspecies. From what has already been said it is evident that there are but two forms of Strix occidentalis, instead of four, although both have a relatively wide geographical range. The only characters that now appear to be of value for the separation of these geographical races are in the size and distinctness of the white markings on the feathers, principally of the upper parts, though also below, but there is great variation even in this respect in the series of specimens examined. The following millimeter averages of birds from various regions throughout the range of the species, show clearly of how little sub- specific value is any difference of size: Culmen ano p . Exposed Localities. Wing. | Tail. eae from | Tarsus. cere. Four males (Strix occidentalis occidentalis), from Cali- mm, mm, mm, mm, mm. LOTNID |. (5).5/ s/o Aeemasiaicebiet aciisinn a senaerswas cence eeeee 309.8 202 30.9 20. 9 52.5 Seven males (Striz occidentalis lucida), from Arizona and New. Mexico... o.5..9<-omecne gestation secemenines 307. 1 199.9 29.8 20.3 53.1 Six females (Strix occidentalis occidentalis), from Cali- FOTN 2 3h conc os eR oe nee ee ee ck cane coe 310.8 206. 1 31.8 22.2 53.6 One female (Strix occidentalis occidentalis), from Wash- INT CONG Soe oe cae cei eee meee tiene ae ccaceee 304 198 31.5 21.3 54 Six females (Striz occidentalis lucida), from Arizona and New, Mexico: 300) a. - 0<'4ecsionceintacnen ns ceria a 312.7 206. 1 31 21.3 53.4 Two females (Strix occidentalis lucida), from central MOXICO 22 osc sido Ss aametatieese Oke e ato eaeadee ae 311 203 30.6 21.7 54 This reduction of the four described and currently recognized sub- species of Strix occidentalis to two closely allied forms is a surprising conclusion, in view of the wide geographical range of the species— from central Mexico to southern British Columbia—and also of the well-known tendency of owls in general to form numerous geographi- cal races, but it is inevitable from an examination of the material now available. The only other course possible is to reduce them to a single form. The present result is, however, nearly paralleled by the unexpected, but none the less apparently correct conclusion by Mr. Robert Ridgway! concerning the lack of any recognizable subspecies in Otus flammeolus. It shows, too, that geographic or physiographic analogy, though of considerable assistance in working out geographical races, is an unsafe guide alone. 1 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, pt. vi, April 8, 1914, pp. 728-730. No. 2106. NOTES ON THE SPOTTED OWL—OBERHOLSER. 255 Our investigation has resulted, furthermore, in the interesting dis- covery that there are two well-marked color phases in Strix occiden- talis, the lighter of which is of comparatively rare occurrence. One of these phases is characterized above by a deep clove brown ground color, below by markings of similar color, and is represented by many of the specimens in the Arizona-New Mexico series, as well as by the types of Syrnium occidentale caurinum Merriam and Syrnium occi- dentale lucidum Nelson. The other phase is rather light rufescent brown above, with similar markings below, and is exemplified by the specimen from Tucson (No. 84433, U.S.N.M.). Between these two phases there are various intermediates, represented in our series by the types of Strix occidentalis occidentalis and Strix occidentalis huachucae; several further examples from Arizona and New Mexico, and a specimen from Pasadena, California (No. 135190, U.S.N.M.). Another point, which the measurements bring out, and which seems worthy of notice, is that the female in this species is but little larger than the male, showing much less difference in this respect than is usual among owls. In view of the above conclusions, the races of this species will now stand as follows: STRIX OCCIDENTALIS OCCIDENTALIS (Xantus). Syrnium occidentale Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 193. Syrnium occidentale caurinum Merriam, Auk, vol. 15, January, 1898, p. 40. Type-locality.—F ort Tejon, California. Geographical distribution.—Pacific coast region of the United States, in Washington, Oregon, and California; also north to southern British Columbia; south to northern Lower California; and east to eastern California. Measurements.\—Male: Total length (in flesh), 436.9 mm.;$ extent of wing, 763.” , Female: Total length (in flesh), 431.8-489 (average, 463.6) mm.;° extent of wing, 1041.4.? Male: ‘* Wing, 301-322 (average, 309.8) mm.; tail, 200-204 (202); exposed culmen, 29.3-32 (30.9); culmen from cere, 20.5-21.2 (20.9); tarsus, 51-54.5 (52.5). Female:* Wing, 304-315 (average, 309.9) mm.; tail, 193-213 (204.9); exposed culmen, 30-33 (31.7); culmen from cere, 20-23.8 (22); tarsus, 53-54 (53.7). 1 Measurements in this paper are in millimeters, and have been taken as explained in the writer’s article on Butorides virescens (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, August 29, 1912, p. 533), except for ‘‘culmen from cere,” which isthe chord of the culmen taken from the tip of the maxilla to the anterior edge of the cere. 2 One specimen. 8 Three specimens. ¢ Four specimens, from California. 5 Seven specimens, from California and Washington. 256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. Detailed measurements of the specimens of this race examined are as follows: Measurements of specimens of Strix occidentalis occidentalis. a |g M Saale 5 useum A ad] o Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. OId ml oe and No. y ar 2 =| s $| ¥ | aie is -| 8 Flea il {a mm| mm \mm|\mm\mm L.B.Bishop 261951] Male....| Near Monrovia (alt., | Nov. 3,1913 | G. Willett.../311 }204 |31 |21.2)51.5 2,500 ft.), Los Angeles Co., Cal. GaWwilletti392 PR GO seca 50 ee OO sac tone see eelee 2 ONIGIS' anes Goresence 305 |201 |82 |20.5/53 U.S.N.M. 172001. .|...do..... Fort Tejon, Cal.2 Mic. me Aemeee J. Xantus...|3822 {203 |31.3}21 {51 U.S.N.M. 1351901 .|...do..... Pasadena Call ta-sc- son. G. Willett 8301...| Female . Fillmore, Ventura | Dec. 13,1910 | A. N. Stone./305 |193 |31.3]22 [54 1,1894 | W. B. Fud- |801 200 ]29.3/21 [54.5 Co., Cal. L.B.Bishop 261961]...do.....].---. (6 fs ee eee! eee GOfee. soe eine do......./815 |203 |32. 8/22. 5153 C. H. Richardson |...do..... Wilson Peak Trail, | Mar. 21,1905 | C. H. Rich- |809 |211.5/33 {20 [54 jr. 495.1 ° ae Angeles Co., ardson, jr. val. G. Willett 18931..}... d0:..-. Near Monrovia (alt., | Nov. 3,1913 | G. Willett.../315 |208 |31. 8/23. 8)53 2,500 ft.), Los An- . geles Co., Cal. L. H. Miller—1..}... do---<. Castac Creek, Los | Apr. 10,1911 | L. H. Miller.|310 |213 |...-|-..-]-... Angeles Co., Cal. F.S. Daggett 4526! |...do....- San Dimas Canyon, | Feb. 14,1903 | F. S. Dag- |311 |208 [30 {22.5/54 Pomona, Cal. gett. U.S.N.M.157473 1..]... do... Mount Vernon, | June 22,1897 | E.A. Preble.|304 |198 |31. 5/21. 3/54 Wash.3 L. H. Miller —.. ene Forest Home, Cal....) Aug. 17,1918 | L. H. Miller.|....]...-. Pcs|egeelseee juvenal. Mus: (Hist: (Selo |e. re mah 4 i" el t i, oe , hr T)., Bit Tr 4 wi he ier | , : ; Salads ” ay phim bears si \ wis + tae ee AG, WM oy rae NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND ECOLOGY OF THE DRAGONFLIES (ODONATA) OF WASHINGTON AND OREGON. By CLARENCE Hamitton KENNEDY, Of Stanford University, California. My interest in western Odonata started with the collecting I did in eastern Oregon in 1898 for Mr. E. B. Williamson, who has ever since encouraged me in further work along the same line. Since 1901 I have had further encouragement through correspondence with Dr. E. M. Walker, who has very kindly assisted me in the deter- mination of Aeshnid material and in the determination of various aymphs. Without such help, work on western insects would be very difficult, because of the inaccessibility of much of the literature. That which is available is purely systematic and written by men who have only in rare cases seen the living insects in the field, because of which I have in this paper made live color notes and ecological data very full. This is the first of three general papers on western Odonata. The second is in preparation, and covers collecting done in California and Nevada during 1914. The summer of 1915 I hope to spend collecting in the southwestern States, and to publish the results in the third paper. q oO i= Ss HH SaxuHdte88e a HO & Ade, eto wy Orwpaqa gq. O69 pop Sp ASO BMG p= ele nm & 2 ra| o & a Be st & a.m ° sRonAA Che dna Ove Ge FabgpeSBeSReR Gen 4 we a FOBSSN awe oe Rea ee Fed She ee ee oases oh ake k :8om %ea8 Has 4H = Pa aS PSS Ne Rules “BS8SRB5G9849H88 sSAe oz ee eH oS eRe ASE SR ade GSetCoOAnt eon eHoOHahaekabash 4 Fy /// | Wo SN it . t “dy ‘ beveled articular facet on the end of mtc. II. The intermedium has a greatest transverse diameter of 51 mm.; greatest antero-posterior _ diameter is 40 mm. Lor wa 510 PROCEEDINGS OF THB NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. The ulnare is not known. Carpale two is apparently represented by the small flattened ossicle that was found attached to the proximal end of mte. II (fig. 7c), of the right foot which is in close apposition to the outer anterior border of the intermedium. A detached bone found near the left manus is regarded doubtfully as representing ¢,. It is elongated in one diameter with angularly rounded surfaces. There is no clue as to the position it occupied on the foot, if indeed it represents such an element. Its longest diameter is 31 mm., with a least diameter of 11 mm. Metacarpus.—The complete metacarpus in Allosaurus apparently consists of three elements, there being no trace in either foot, of mtc. IV which is present in the manus 1 of Ornitholestes hermani Osborn. Mte. L is a short heavy bone with a deeply grooved distal end that is turned inward away from the central axis of the foot. The articular facets extend well upward on both front and back aspects (fig. 7d), rising about equally above these surfaces of the shaft. The lateral pits are moderately shallow, the outer one being the better defined. Viewed from above the proximal end is subtriangular in outline with ashallow concave articularend. Thissurface is opposed in the articu- lated foot by the radiale and intermedium, the former only touching slightly the hinder internal corner, the remaining surface being closely applied to the intermedium, as shown in the right foot, where these bones were found articulated. Mtc. I articulates closely on its upper half with mtc. II (fig. 2), resting in a broad shallow depression on the side of that bone. Mtc. II is an elongate bone, having an expanded subquadrangular proximal end, rather a slender, angular rounded shaft, and a less expanded but broadly grooved distal extremity, The articular surfaces of the distal end of this bone are continued backward in the form of two lateral condylar-like facets, which are separated by a deep and moderately broad notch. The external one is the larger of the two. The inner border of the proximal end is beveled off, forming two facets of unequal size for the articulation of the intermedium. The remaining proximal surface is smooth though sloping toward the outside of the foot. Mtc. III is reduced, being the weakest element of the metacarpus. Although present with both feet, it was detached in both instances. The character of the surfaces appears to indicate, however, that in position it has a weak articulation with mtc. II on the postero-external angle as shown in figure 2. Unlike the other metacarpals, the distal articular end is not grooved but is smoothly rounded (fig. 7a). The posteriorly directed facets are weakly developed, but are separated by a shallow groove as in mtcs. I and II. Phalanges.—The phalangial formula is 2, 3, 4. All of the digits, as shown in figure 7, are terminated with latterly compressed, sharply sou Wovioler ct Ge EL, Dee aa 200) Seri ci 1H.F. Osborn, Bull. Amer. Nat. Hist., vol. 19, 1903, pp. 462, 463, figs. 2 and 3. wo. 2120. THE FORE LIMB OF ALLOSAURUS FRAGILIS—GILMORE. 511 pointed claws, the first being especially robust, the third much reduced in size. The proximal phalanx of digit one is the longest of the series. The proximal articular surface is concave supero- inferiorly, with a strongly developed vertical keel which articulates with the deep groove on the distal end of mtc. I. This keel as shown in figure 7c, divides this articular end into two unequal concave surfaces, the larger one being toward the outer side of the foot. {It is inclined to the vertical axis of the bone and when articulated rotates the distal end so that the ungual phalanx is turned inward from the vertical as shown in figure 2. The articular surface for the claw is broadly grooved, and this surface extends well backward on the under side, thus throwing the articulated ungual downward at nearly a right angle to the longer axis of the first phalanx. The lateral pits are comparatively shallow, the one on the ’ external side being the better defined. Viewed from above the shaft is quite evenly rounded transversely, while the ventral surface pre- sents a flattened aspect. The ungual of digit one is especially robust, with a regularly curved and sharply pointed extremity. Well-defined lateral grooves run back from the tip on both sides, but as they approach the proximal end curve downward, passing into a broad smooth surface on the posterior ventral surface. The proximal articular surface is keeled as shown in figure 7). The proximal phalanx of digit two is shorter than the second of that toe. The proximal end of the former is expanded especially in the vertical direction. The proximal end as compared with the same pha- -lanx of digit one is only slightly concave supero-inferiorly with a com- paratively low obtuse keel, placed more toward the inside of this end. Like the keel on the proximal phalanx of digit one it is placed at an angle to the vertical axis of the bone. The concave lateral depres- sions on either side near the distal extremity are so shallow and illy defined they could hardly be designated as pits. The second pha- lanx of this digit is slightly longer than the first, with a sharply _ keeled proximal end and broadly grooved distal articulating surface. The lateral pits are small but well defined. The ungual phalanx is intermediate in size between those of the first and third toes. The proximal phalanx of digit three can be distinguished from all _ others in the foot by the keelless, but cupped articular surface of the proximal end (fig. 7a). It is relatively short, as is the second, the third being more elongate. The proximal ends of the other phalanges of this toe are keeled, and the distal ends are grooved. The ungual except for its small size is very similar to the ungual of digit two. These two unguals are distinguishable from the ungual of digit one, not only by difference in size but also by the change in direction of the heavy portion below the articulating surface. In the two former in the articulated foot it looks almost directly backward, whereas in 512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. the first it is directed downward and backward. A comparison of this foot with the manus recently described by Lambe! leads me to believe that the digit designated by him as the second is really the first. This is indicated by the shortness of met. I, and especially by the phalangial formula. In all associated fore feet of Theropodous dinosaurs as shown in the accompanying table, there are two pha- langes on the first digit with a progressive increase to the point where some of the lateral toes have commenced to degenerate. The lengthening of the penultimate phalanges appears peculiar to Thero- podous dinosaurs and is a mechanical development for the more perfect use of the talons of the fore feet. The principal measure- ments of the bones of the manus are shown in the following table: MEASUREMENTS OF ForE-Foot ELEMENTS. Metacar pals. I II Til. R L R. L R L mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. | mm Greatestileng thse tte cman ckiace cas enee ime sensei nistaas (AM eae ae 125 122 105 97 Greatest transverse diameter, proximal end.....--.--- BOs ences s 56 63 29 28 Greatest transverse diameter, distal end..........-..-- Bit Seeenees 46 46 23 22 Least transverse diameter, shaft........--......------- Rol Goeeesee 22 22 ll 10 Phalanges Greatest length first row phalanges.........-...-.--.-- 136 138 94 94 50 42 Greatest length second row phalanges. 118 120 1028 Ssceees 41 43 Greatest length third row phalanges..........-.--.----|--.-----|-------- 95 |- af 52 55 Greatest length fourth row phalanges... oe ES okene Sond Bocneodd pocesaaclanccocoo me socter.: 61 59 PHALANGIAL FORMULAE OF VARIOUS THEROPODS. Digits. Names. a Formation. Remarks. PoE LT LDV’. Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe... -. 0} 2; 3] 0] O| Belly River, Up- | Skeletonin Ottawa Museum, per Cretaceous. Canada. Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh..| 2] 3] 3] 1] 0] Morrison, Upper ee skeleton in Jurassic. S.N.M., Cat. No. 4735. Marsh's fig. D. of N. A. (Allosaurus fragilis). Ornitholestes hermani Osborn...| 2} 3] 4] O]} O|-.... (hae tescaacee we No Spee in A. M. Allosaurus fragilis Marsh.......| 2] 3] 4] 1] 0 | Morrison.......... Mounted aeaciae in A. M. 1D ORS en gacenoccnenmacncerer 2| 3| 4] 0] 0] Morrison, Upper | Skeleton in U.S.N.M., No. Jurassic. 4734. Hallopus victor Marsh..........- 2/3] 4| 3] O|} Upper Jurassic....| Evidence for formula _un- known. Specimen in Yale University. Compsognathus longipesWagner.| 2} 3] 3} O] O|.-..-.- dO. siete From Nes s restoration of the skeleton. Anchisaurus polyzeius Marsh....| 2} 3] 4] 2] 1] Triassic........... Formula that of restoration by Marsh. in D. N. Am. Skeleton in Yale Museum. Anchisaurus colurus Marsh ..... OWS | Sales GOs essen eee Skeleton in Yale Museum. | a ae a mre ae a a 1 The Ottawa Naturalist, vol. 27, 1914, pp. 219-131, pl. 13. no. 2120. THE FORE LIMB OF ALLOSAURUS FRAGILIS—GILMORE. 518 The more important progressive changes that have taken place in the specialization of the fore limb and foot in the carnivorous dino- sauria during successive geological periods now appear to be, (1) a reduction in the number of digits; (2) the elongation of the penulti- mate phalanges; (3) a lengthening of the scapula; (4) the shortening of the fore arm; (5) a relative reduction in size of the entire fore limb. With the exception of Ceratosaurus, which has both inner and outer fingers reduced, all of the other known carnivores show that the reduction in the number of digits takes place on the outside of the foot. Beginning with the oldest known Theropods from the Triassic, all are found to possess the full complement of five digits, though the fifth is often rudimentary. In the Jurassic we find in Ornitholestes that the fifth digit has entirely disappeared, and the fourth is only represented by a vestigal metacarpal. Allosaurus appears to have gone still further and apparently the fourth has been lost and the third is somewhat reduced, and approximately the same condition obtains in the hand of Comsognathus from the Upper Jurassic of Bavaria. Our knowledge of the manus in the Cretaceous Theropodous dino- saurs is rather meager at this time, but a specimen recently described by Lambe * (Gorgosaurus libratus) from the Upper Cretaceous (Belly River) shows a still further reduction, there being only two functional digits, the third (fourth of Lambe) being represented by the vestigal metacarpal only. 1 Ottawa Naturalist, vol. 28, 1914, pp. 13-17. 81022°—Proc.N.M.vol.49—15——83 “ot oe th bh ae His Hadas itih Red Be a ne an ort ara RN ei, 1s abn Dis A a init lin a Mi i ha Ath. Ui aa i: ie alg ses ne Mh NCS, i We “a an oe 4 ae i ee ties i ffx “aim iin aye ey penis a ots rary t eM? Sa, ect HT, Dt, Ke Ree i Wt nepeeattr Bs ae : mith, do vary Pe ee ats cgripeeounneast looenee re mi i evi an nid Thee une Meh. eis ean eh Plaats Aa WE aA s ivaarbalecg eine ma Mhmeite2 earn change ll Uoight iw yyeaactiels ANY uh" ginlsven a as Pardee) lt bna\honmaqemalls grubs vie aia dar Lay amarecyesit waders he” ak iMag ety LIRR te at be ice a dei eR es lai as ee pair aha x high bint fuse hoebe a Ohi % on ha Wityonsed Yhap “bisa oni q f ht bah ibenl cae an ya. Key fret, Pet He lies CREE Wi ne PU Vi my me lan gt i er aie a a capa SNe Re RT i al ee. aaah yest eis b, Regt ees h. Cae Ny mae eehaaet Nb A, Srorm ee sthist tech tena ide tn Wises ae ibaa maith Sepp tine e it ; ‘ ite WAS. Lied omen rennet | bite LAG. Sag Sorhlg . Lele naont rarer tote aan heay Pe ee Lea As 8 sah isn bik net (Rent \dipuld tai a ineheeteit eal beet) Newall alah Way 2 Adingir i iy eg Lt ab OR JA SYNOPSIS OF THE RACES OF THE CRESTED TERN, THALASSEUS BERGII (LICHTENSTEIN). fi By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, %, Of the Biological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture. i The identification of United States National Museum material collected in the East India Islands by Dr. W. L. Abbott has involved _ acanvass of all the races of Thalasseus bergui. Some of these have a i: more or less uncertain status, owing to the divergent views of recent _ authors; and the following conclusions, based upon a careful study : of the questions involved, throws, I hope, a little further light on the relationships and geographical distribution of the various subspecies. Although the specimens examined have not been numerous, only about 45, they are of importance since none of them was available _ to either Mr. Mathews or Mr. Stresemann, the two authors who have most recently monographed the species. These specimens comprise the collections of the United States National Museum and the _ Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at Cambridge, Massachusetts, and

forms is so great as widely to overlap and seriously impair the assign- able characters of some of the other forms which are current and | certainly worthy of recognition by name. Although there is con-_ siderable individual variation in both size and color in most of the subspecies admitted in the following pages, this variation does not | obliterate the usually well-marked average characters of a given race. — Notwithstanding this individual variation there seems to be little or no. sexual difference, which happpily renders unnecessary separate | comparisons of male and female. The juvenal plumage varies considerably from that of the adult, as follows: Whole pileum streaked with brown; occipital crest dull | dark brown; upper parts, including superior wing-coverts, dull! brown mottled with white; tail mostly dark brown, the feathers’ tipped with white; and dark portions of wing-quills dull dark brown. | The present species, together with several others closely allied, | are without much doubt generically distinct from the members of. the true genus Sterna, the type of which is Sterna hirundo Linnaeus. © The structural differences separating Sterna bergii from Sterna hi- | rundo consist chiefly in relatively shorter tail, this not over half the) length of wing; relatively longer bill, this at least two-elevenths of — the length of the wing; stouter bill; less prominent angle of gonys, the height of bill through this angle being decidedly less than at the anterior end of nostril, while in Sterna it is practically the same; . and the presence of an occipital crest of pointed feathers. The generic name to be applied to the group including Sterna Bengt has been somewhat in dispute, for it involves the question of the right no. 2121. RACES OF THALASSEUS BERGII—OBERHOLSER. 517 of an author to designate as the type of a polytypic genus, the type of which has remained unfixed, a species which has already become the monotypic type of a genus subsequently instituted. There seems, however, to be little doubt of the wisdom and reasonableness of the affirmative decision in such cases. The nomenclatural situation of the generic group now under our consideration is as follows: Boie _was the first author to divide the Linnaean genus Sterna, and he, in 1822,' proposed the generic name T’halasseus for Sterna caspia Pallas -(=Aydroprogne caspia [Pallas]), Sterna cantiaca Gmelin (= Sterna -sandvicensis Latham), and Sterna anglica Montagu (=Gelochelidon —nilotica [Gmelin]). The type of Thalasseus was first designated by Wagler in 1832? as Sterna cantiaca Gmelin, which species had, how- ever, meanwhile (in 1829) been made the type by monotypy of the genus Actochelidon Kaup.* The latter generic term must therefore fall as asynonym of Thalasseus Boie; as must of course also the later _Pelecanopus Wagler,* the type of which by monotypy is Sterna pele- canoides King (= Thalasseus berg pelecanoides [King]). As there seem to be no other applicable names, the proper generic designation of the group comprising Sterna berguw is therefore Thalasseus Boie.. The following species, together with their subspecies, belong to this genus: | Thalasseus bernsteini (Schlegel).. | Thalasseus bergvi (Lichtenstein). Thalasseus bengalensis (Lesson) (= Sterna media Horsfield not Vieillot). Thalasseus elegans (Gambel). Thalasseus eurygnathus (Saunders). Thalasseus maximus (Boddaert). Thalasseus sandvicensis (Latham). The chief differential characters of the recognizable races of | Thalasseus bergii appear in the following key: KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF THALASSEUS BERGI. a. Size larger (wing averaging more than 350 mm.). b!. Upper parts of a much paler gray. BETTUEN BOVE... -. 22025 ocs.n- Stee tk Yt Thalasseus bergit bergit (p. 518). marker ABOVE .........-.2-.5.46---5-- Thalasseus bergii gwendolenae (p. 526). b?. Upper parts of a much darker gray. cl. Larger (wing averaging about 380 mm.)...... Thalasseus bergit bakeri (p. 519). c?, Smaller (wing averaging less than 370 mm.). d'. Lighter and larger (wing averaging about 368 mm.). Thalasseus bergit velox (p. 519). d*, Darker and smaller (wing averaging about 357 mm.). Thalasseus bergii edwardsi (p. 520). 1 Tsis, 1822, p. 563. 2Idem, 1832, p. 1225. 8 Skiz. Entwickl.-Gesch. Natiirl. Syst. Eur. Thierwelt, 1829, p. 31. 4 Isis, 1832, p. 277. 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49, a®. Size smaller (wing averaging less than 350 mm.). bi. Upper parts very dark pray. ....:..0..--...- Thalasseus bergii cristatus (p. 520), b?. Upper parts medium or light gray. c!. Mantle darker. d', Smaller (wing averaging less than 325 mm.). Thalasseus bergii halodramus (p. 522). d?, Larger (wing averaging more than 325 mm..). el, Darker above, and smaller.......... Thalasseus bergit poliocercus (p. 525). e?. Paler above, and larger............ Thalasseus bergii pelecanoides (p. 523). c!, Mantle paler. d'. Larger and darker ..............------ Thalasseus bergui rectirostris (p. 524). @: Smaller and-hehter's . 2):222\sia5 eee Thalasseus bergii thalassinus (p. 519). THALASSEUS BERGII BERGII (Lichtenstein). Sterna bergti LicaTENsTEIN, Verz. Doubl. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 1823, p. 80 (Cape of Good Hope, southern Africa). Sterna longirostris Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, p. 621 (no locality; type-locality designated as Cape of Good Hope by Stresemann, Novit. Zool., vol. 21, February 25, 1914, p. 57). Subspecific characters.—Of large size and pale coloration. Measurements.—Wing, 340-372 (average, 351.4) mm.; tail, 175- 193 (182.4); exposed culmen, 58-68 (62.2); tarsus, 29-33 (31.6). Wing, 360-370 (364.3)? Geographical distribution.—Coasts of southern Africa, north on the western side to Walfisch Bay, German Southwest Africa, and on the eastern coast to Zanzibar, off German East Africa; and Madagascar. As with all the races of this species, there is considerable individual variation in the gray of the upper surface, but while some darker birds occur, the average is considerably lighter than in any of the other large subspecies. This form is also larger than any other excepting Thalasseus bergvi velox and Thalasseus bergit bakeri. Detailed measurements of the specimens of the present race ex- amined are as follows: Measurements of specimens of Thalasseus bergii bergit. 3 ° Museum and No.| Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. : Bal a 80 - |o8)] 8 A ia |e 6 Ela la le mm.) mm.) mm.) mm UW) SUNeME.11144082 2/2 Ceo ece Inhambane (Porti-||Bioe- 2. seccas 2 lane scecsecseenee 345 | 178 | 58 | 32 guese East Africa. TORS SN GMI Aaya eo reie als ee ate (OUR OACaP OP Seer 6) ace tar eemnanc ise] secce cpcacrc fc 350 | 193] 68 | 31 U.S.N.M.1034193..|.........- South A STICR aes cchte oe tdeee-Reeeore E. L. Layard ..} 372 | 182 | 61 | 33 MiGiZ TIGbS aie [ose ee ee [ate a GOL soos. a= o5|oace deers secee|aeee donee ceeee 340 | 175 | 66 | 33 MECIZ IGG 28 oie cs|anccendeeelsesce GO caterer em issotatere call sapisteirermictels econ |piatcrans do. econ 350 | 184 | 58 | 29 1 Five specimens, from southern Africa. 2 Four specimens, measured by Stresemann. 3 Used in measurement averages on p. 518. No. 2121, RACES OF THALASSEUS BERGII—OBERHOLSER. 519 THALASSEUS BERGII THALASSINUS (Stresemann). Sterna bergii thalassina StRESEMANN, Novit. Zool., vol. 21, February 25, 1914, p. 57 (Goilon, Rodriguez Island). Subspecific characters—Similar to Thalasseus bergii bergii, but decidedly smaller and somewhat lighter in color. Measurements..—Wing, 330-336 (average, 333) mm. Geographical distribution—The Seychelles Islands, south to the islands of Aldabra and Rodriguez. Although the original series was small and we have nothing to add, this race is apparently recognizable. It is, however, in color very close to Thalasseus bergii rectirostris, and in size practically identical with Thalasseus bergii cristatus; so that if we unite these two? as Stresemann proposes, it would be difficult and somewhat inadvisable to keep Thalasseus bergii thalassinus separate. THALASSEUS BERGII VELOX (Cretzschmar). Sterna veloc CRETZSCHMAR, Riippell’s Atlas Reis. Nérdl. Afrika, 1826, p. 21, pl. 13 (coasts of the Red Sea). Subspecific characters.—Similar to Thalasseus bergii bergii, but upper parts decidedly darker. Measurements.-—Wing, 356-380 (average, 368) mm. Geographical distribution Coasts of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden east to Sokotra Island; casually north in winter to the Sea of Galilee, Palestine. This is one of the darkest races and needs comparison with only Thalasseus bergit bakert, Thalasseus bergit edwardsi, and Thalasseus bergit cristatus. THALASSEUS BERGII BAKERI Mathews. Thalasseus bergit bakeri MatHews, Birds of Australia, vol. 2; pt. 3, September 20, 1912, p. 346 (Mekran coast of southeastern Persia and southwestern Baluchistan). Subspecific characters.—Similar to Thalasseus bergii velox, but larger, and with darker upper parts. Measurements.A—W ing, 374-386 (average, 380.3) mm. Geographical distribution—The Konkan coast of northwestern India, northwest to the coasts of the Persian Gulf. This race appears to be easily recognizable by size alone, for it is by considerable the largest form of the species. Although we have examined no specimens, there is no trouble at all in distinguishing it from all the other dark subspecies, merely from the measurements given by Mr. Stresemann.® 1 Three specimens, measured by Stresemann. 2 Novit. Zool., vol. 21, Feb. 25, 1914, pp. 58-59. 3 Five specimens, measured by Stresemann. 4 Six specimens, measured by Stresemann. § Novit. Zool., vol. 21, Feb. 25, 1914, pp. 57-58. 520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49, THALASSEUS BERGII EDWARDSI Mathews. Thalasseus bergii edwardsi Matuews, Birds of Australia, vol. 2, pt. 3, September 20, 1912, p. 347 (Ceylon). Subspecific characters—Resembling Thalasseus bergu bakeri, but decidedly smaller. Measurements.—Wing, 347-351 (average, 349) mm.; tail, 162-181 (171.5); exposed culmen, 61.5-65 (63.3); tarsus, 31.5-32.5 (32).1 Wing, 345-384 (average, 359.6) mm.? Geographical distribution.—The coasts of southern India and of the Bay of Bengal; west to the Laccadive Islands; south to Ceylon and Tenasserim; east to Tenasserim and Burma; and north to the mouth of the Ganges River and the Laccadive Islands. This race is, in size at least, much nearer Thalasseus bergii velox - than to Thalasseus bergu bakert, which is geographically adjacent; but it is even smaller than the former, as well as apparently some- what darker above. The two specimens examined measure as follows: Measurements of specimens of Thalasseus bergii edwardst. men, 3 o Museum and No.| Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. é 3 oS R cs mm.|mm.| mm.) mm, U.S.N.M. 1728853..| Male....| Bok Pyin, Tenas-| Feb. 9,1900 | Dr. W. L. Ab- | 347 | 162 |65. 32.5 serim. bott. U.S.N.M. 1728863..| Female..}..... (6 (0) See SSeS = eed GOsec ss aealeas an G0seceaee 351 | 181 [61.5 | 31.5 THALASSEUS BERGII CRISTATUS (Stephens). Sterna cristata StEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 146 (‘‘China and many of the southeastern islands of Asia.” Definitely fixed as China by Mathews, Birds of Australia, vol. 2, pt. 3, September 20, 1912, p. 347). Sterna bergii boreotis Banas, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, 1901, p. 256 (Ishigaki Island, Riu Kiu Islands, Japan). Subspecific characters.—Like Thalasseus bergii edwardsi, but much smaller. Measurements.—Wing, 308-344 (average, 325.7) mm.; tail, 135- 178 (160.3); exposed culmen, 55-62 (57.3); tarsus, 27-28 (27.6).4™ Wing, 324-344 (average, 333.5) mm. Geographical distribution.—Coast and islands of southeastern Asia north to Fu Chau, China, and the Riu Kiu Islands, Japan; south- 1 Two specimens, from Tenasserim. 2 Seven specimens, measured by Stresemann. 3 Used in measurement averages on p. 520. 4 Four specimens, from China, Japan, and the Philippine Islands. 5 Eleven specimens, measured by Stresemann. No, 2121, RACES OF THALASSEUS BERGII—OBERHOLSER. 521 east to the northern and western islands of the Philippine Archi- pelago; and south probably to Cochin China. The species has been recorded from the following islands of the Philippine Archipelago, on which it is probably represented by Thalasseus bergii cristatus, those islands followed by a query being doubtfully placed under this subspecies: Agutaya, Calamianes, Cuyo, Luzon, Masbate, Palawan, Balabec (?), Panay, Guimaras (?), Rom- blon, Sibuyan, and Tablas. The birds from Palawan Island are intermediate between. Thalas- seus bergit cristatus and Thalasseus bergii pelecanoides, but are decidedly nearer the former. Mr. Mathews? has referred all the Philippine birds to the present race, but while specimens from the northern and southwestern islands are undoubtedly this, those from Mindanao Island and the Sulu group, in the southernmost part of the archipelago, are very much paler and belong to the following apparently undescribed subspecies. The proper name for the present race is, as Mr. Mathews has indicated, undoubtedly Sterna cristata Stephens,? based on birds from ‘‘China and many of the southeastern islands of Asia.” Stephens, in addition to his description, quotes Latham,’ whose account refers chiefly and properly to the bird from China. The Chinese bird is, furthermore, identical with that of the Riu Kiu Islands recently named Sterna bergi boreotis by Mr. Bangs,* of which we have examined the type. The specimens we have seen measure as follows: Measurements of specimens of Thalasseus bergii cristatus. 3 o 4 gq Museum and No.| Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. sh 28 Es Ela |z | & EFlada |a : pie, ‘ mm.| mm.) mm.) mm M.C. Z.37301 5..... Male....| Ishigaki Island, Riu} June 15,1899 | I. Zensaku....| 344 | 178 | 62 | 28 Kiu Islands, Japan.§ U.S.N.M. 2112635 .| Female .| Batangas Bay, Lu- | June 7,1908 | P. Bartsch....|..... 155 | 56 | 27.5 zon Island, Philip- ine Islands. U.S.N.M. 2016555 .| Female .| Islet in Malampaya | Sept. 12,1906 | E. A. Mearns.| 308 | 135 | 55 | 27 Sound, Palawan Island, Philippine Islands. U.S.N.M. 1084215 .|........-- Amoy, China.......} July 4,1866 | R. Swinhoe-...} 325 | 173 | 56 | 28 U.S.N.M. 201654 ..| Female | Cuyo Island, Philip- | Sept. 10,1906 | E. A. Mearns .|.....|-...-|.-..-|-..-- juvenal. pine Islands. 1 Birds of Australia, vol. 2, pt. 3, Sept. 20, 1912, p. 347. 2Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 146. . fs pec Eya. Birds, vol. 3, pt. 2, 1785, p. 351; Index Orn., vol. 2, 1790, p. 804; Gen. Hist. Birds, vol. 10, , p. 101. 4 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, 1901, p. 256. 6 Used in measurement averages on p. 520. 6 Type of Sterna bergii boreotis Bangs. 529, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 49. THALASSEUS BERGII HALODRAMUS, new subspecies. Subspecific characters.—Similar to Thalasseus bergu cristatus, but upper parts much paler. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 191382, U.S.N.M.; Pata Island, near Sulu Island, southern Philippine Islands, November 25, 1903; Dr. E. A. Mearns. Forehead white; crown dull white, heavily spotted with fuscous black; an occipital crest of pointed feathers black, many of them slightly tipped with whitish; broad cervical collar white; rest of upper surface gray, between light mouse gray and light neutral gray; tail of the same color, but the feathers white on both webs basally, this on all but the middle pair occupying about two-thirds of their length; terminal portion of outermost rectrices all but the very tip, and most extensively on outer web, dark quaker drab, rather glaucous; wings of same gray as back, the outer webs of secondaries darker, somewhat brownish, the primaries also darker, the outer quills fuscous black; inner webs of greater coverts and of most of secondaries, a narrow margin on inner webs of inner primaries, a broad margin on inner webs of few outer primaries, and bases of all, white; this white pattern extends on outermost primary over the inner half to two-thirds or more of inner vane, and reaches nearly to the tip, leaving a broad band of fuscous black, about 4 to 6 mm. wide next the shaft; on the second and third quills it is somewhat narrower, and ends in a wedge some 55 or 60 mm. from the tip of the feather; sides of head and neck, together with entire lower parts, including the linings of wings, white, but an ante-orbital spot, an orbital ring, and the post-ocular area black, flecked with white. Measurements.—Wing, 303-327 (average, 315.91) mm.; tail, 137.5- 168 (153.6); exposed culmen, 54-60.5 (57); tarsus, 25-28 (26.7)?. Wing, 335.3 Geographical distribution—The southern and southeastern parts of the Philippine Islands. Recorded from the following islands. Mindanao, Pata, Sulu, Tawi Tawi, islets off Sibutu, Siquijor,* Negros,‘ Cebu,‘ Bohol, Leyte,* and Samar.‘ It is with considerable hesitation that I venture to name another subspecies in this much-divided species, but there seems to be no other satisfactory disposition to be made of the birds from the south- ern Philippine Islands. They are clearly not referable to Thalasseus bergit cristatus; and to place them under Thalasseus bergi peleca- noides is, on account of their very inferior size, almost as much out of the way. These Philippine birds really combine the small size of 1 Some of these specimens are in somewhat worn plumage; consequently the real average wing measure- ment should be slightly greater than here given. 2 Nine specimens, from the Philippine Islands. 3 One specimen, measured by Stresemann. 4 Nospecimens examined from this island, but Thalasseus bergii halodramus is the probable form occurring here. No. 2121. RACES OF THALASSEUS BERGI—OBERHOLSER. 523 Thalasseus bergii cristatus with the pale coloration of Thalasseus bergia pelecanoides. ‘The present race seems to be confined to the southern Philippine Islands. Measurements of specimens of Thalasseus bergii halodramus. Zs (>) ¥ Lonel Museum and No. Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. 3 8 4 q a] ge 2 = a | a Fla|la la mm.|\mm.|mm.|\mm. M.C.Z. 412241..... Male....| Ayala, Mindanao } Dec. 10,1887 | E. L. Moseley.|320 |167 | 54 | 26.5 sland , Philippine Islands. U.S.N.M.1919051..]... do-..-: Zamboanga, Minda- | Jan, 28,1904 | E. A. Mearns ./303 [140 | 59 | 27 Ee Island, Phil- ippine Islands. U.S.N.M. 1913821..}...do2...| Pata Island, off Sulu | Nov. 25,1903 }....- dOus igen se 325 {162 | 60.5) 28 Island , Philippine Islands.3 U.S.N.M. 191381 1..; Female .|..... 0 HERE NAR REery acer do. a Set dOsr ce tisias 322 |168 | 57.5] 27 U.S.N.M. 190573 1..|...do..... Mati, Mindanao | Oct. 23, ,1903 |....- do........./827 {142 | 56.5] 27 Island, Philippine Islands.3 U.S.N.M.1905721..]...do.....]....- GOs. ssenesaseccaieesas do. a eeeedo.s.4: feteleoses 155 | 55 | 25 M.C.Z. 41225 1.....]... dois. Zamboanga, Minda-| Novy. 2, ,1887 | E. L. Moseley -|303 |137.5| 56 | 27.5 nao Island, Philip- ine Islands. U.S.N.M. 2006771..]... GO0z-c- Three islets off | Jan. 5,1906| E. A. Mearns .|.....}..... 57 | 26 Sibutu _ Island, 5 cee Islands. “DILISEINEIN Ip 010 i F238 ile (oie eae o Co ip sg a Se GOP ee sccse| eae -OUsenaescae 313 {157 | 57.5) 26 THALASSEUS BERGII PELECANOIDES (King). Sterna pelecanoides Kine, Surv. Intertrop. and Western Coasts Aust., vol. 2, 1827, p. 422 (Australia: i. e., Torres Strait, northern Queensland). Sterna bergeri [sic] (‘‘Lecur.’’ [lege ‘‘Licht.’’]) Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1878, p. 301 (based on ‘‘Gould, Bds. Aust. Handbook, II, p. 394, sp. 601’’) (Torres Strait, northern Queensland). Subspecific characters.—Similar to Thalasseus berg halodramus, but decidedly larger. Measurements.—Wing, 323-355 (average, 337.5) mm.; tail, 130-161 (147.7); exposed culmen, 55.5-66.5 (61); tarsus, 24.5-30 (27.6).‘ Wing, 325-361 (343.1).5 Geographical distribution.—The East India islands, Melanesia, and northeastern Australia. Resident north to the Marshall Islands, Admiralty Islands, New Guinea, Gilolo Island, Celebes, Borneo, and the Natuna Islands; west to the southern Malay Penmsula and Sumatra; south to Java, Savu Island, the Aru Islands, Queensland, and the island of New Caledonia; and east to the New Hebrides and the Solomon Islands. 1 Used in measurement averages on p. 522. 2 Type. 8 Wing tips slightly worn. 4 Eight specimens, from the East India islands. 5 Twenty-nine specimens, from the East India islands, the Admiralty Islands, and the Louisiade | Archipelago, measured by Stresemann. 594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. Notwithstanding its great geographical range, this form appears, from our material, not to be divisible into further races. It is in color near Thalasseus bergit bergu, but is darker and also considerably smaller. The Sterna bergeri of Ramsay! is apparently a lapsus calami, or an emendation of Sterna bergit Lichtenstein,’ but has for its basis the Thalasseus cristatus of Gould,? which is the bird from Torres Strait. The specimens of this subspecies examined measure as follows: Measurements of specimens of Thalasseus berg pelecanoides. Museum and No.| Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Exposed cul- men. .M.2191224..] Male....| Batavia Bay, Java..| July 11,1909 | W. Palmer..../351 [142 | 66.5} 29 .M.1710294..|...do..... Pulo Kelong, An- | Aug. 30, 1899 | W. L. Abbott.|323 |158 | 59 .| 24.5 amba Islands. Me 71010 4. 3). G0: ..<,. fue ete Anamba | Aug. 28,1899 |..... On: tages 324 |161 | 60 | 26.5 slands .M. 2191214..} Female .| Batavia Bay, Java..| July 11,1909 | W. Palmer..../335 {130 | 62.5) 30 .M. 1804224..|...do..... barre te i, Bil- | July 28,1904 | W. L. Abbott. |336.5|160 | 59.5] 29 iton Islan -M. 174653 4..]... do... ae ar Natuna Aug. 3,1900 |..... AG ncisemese 338 }1382 | 55.5) 27 slands eMart 746504215 -sdOsco0a] oer dO bac see ota e ee feees WO ecto trad eticle doen caceee 355. 139 | 64 | 28 eM 220190 ae 2) oie cela cisinis Welcome Bay, Ban- ; | 1910) |) We, Ralmersss-|2-. 2. 159.5} 61 | 27 tam, Java. sie gecies Scheels Zn nD DH n nn eA] Z Ae Z ZZ, THALASSEUS BERGII RECTIROSTRIS (Peale). Sterna rectirostris Prats, United States Explor. Exped., vol. 8, 1848, p. 281, pl. 75, fig. 2 (Fiji Islands). Subspecific characters.—Similar to Thalasseus bergw pelecanoides, but upper parts paler in both adult and young. Measurements.—Wing, 332 mm.; tail, 147; exposed culmen, 61; tarsus, 26.5.5 Wing, 342-362 (ppenaent 349.8).° Geographical distribution.—Polynesia. Resident north to the Phoenix Islands; west to the Fiji Islands; south to the Tonga Islands and the Society Islands; and east to the Paumotu Islands and the Marquesas Islands. The type of this race, described by Peale,’ is in juvenal plumage, and has been mounted, but is still in a good state of preservation. Our material, however, is not alone sufficient for the recognition of Thalasseus bergii rectirostris; but Mr. Gregory M. Mathews assures me that, after again examining the series available to him, he is still confident of its validity on the characters above given. 1 Proc. Linn. Soe. New South Wales, 1878, p. 301. 2-Verz. Doubl. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 1823, p. 80. 3 Handb. Birds Aust., vol. 2, 1865, p. 394. 4 Used in measurement averages on p. 523. 5 One specimen, from the Paumotu Islands. 5 Five specimens, from the Fiji, Tonga, Union, and Society Islands, measured by Stresemann. 7U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. 8, 1848, p. 281, pl. 75, fig. 2. No, 2121. RACES OF THALASSEUS BERGII—OBERHOLSER. 525 The specimens examined in the present connection measure as follows: Measurements of specimens of Thalasseus bergit rectirostris. 3 o as Museum and. No. Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. ie 2 P 4 B\d |e°| & Flela |e mm.| mm.| mm.) mm. -M.C.Z.483021..... Female .| Mangareva I.; Pau- |-Feb. 1,1905 | H. B. Bigelow-} 332 | 147 |61 26.5 motu Islands. 4 i S:N. MM. 19697...-| Juvenal.| Fiji Islands ?.-......].-.-.--0------- U.S. Explor- | 295 | 121 /40.5 | 26.5 ing Expedi- tion. THALASSEUS BERGII POLIOCERCUS (Gould). Sterna poliocerca GouuD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, p. 26 (Tasmania). Sterna Novx-Hollandix PucHERAN. Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1850, p. 545 (Cuvier MS.) (Australia) (not Stephens). [Pelecanopus] nigripennis BONAPARTE, Comptes Rend. Acad. Sci., vol. 42, 1856, p. 772 (nom. nov. pro Sterna novaehollandiae ‘‘Cuvier” [i. e., Pucheran]) (Australia °), Subspecific characters.—Similar to Thalasseus bergit peleconcides, but averaging darker and slightly smaller. Measurements.—Wing, 285-350 (average, 329.7) mm.; tail, 131- 179 (156.9); exposed culmen, 55-66 (59.6); tarsus, 26.5-31 (27. 9).* Wing, 326-353 (342.1).° Geographical distribution Coasts of New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia, south to Tasmania. Although this race is very close to Thalasseus bergw pelecanoides, in both color and size, it is probably worth keeping separate on the characters given above. It is to be noted that the present form is darker, not lighter, than Thalasseus bergu pelecanoides, but is really somewhat smaller, as writers have commonly credited it with being. It is, however, paler than either Thalasseus bergui velox or Thalasseus bergi cristatus, as well as much smaller than the first mentioned. ‘It is darker than Thalasseus bergii bergu, and, of course, decidedly smaller. The name commonly applied to this race, when it is differentiated from Thalasseus bergit bergii and Thalasseus bergi pelecanoides, is _ Sterna bergi poliocerca; and the subspecific term poliocerca is appar- ently correct, since Sterna novaehollandiae Stephens ° is, as Mr. G. M. 1 Used in measurements on p. 524. 2 Type. 8 SincePelecanopus nigripennis Bonaparte is merely a substitute name for Sterna novachollandiae Pucheran it must have the same type-locality; and therefore Mr. Stresemann’s designation of Tasmania as the type- locality (Novit. Zool., vol. 21, Feb. 25, 1914, p. 58), can not stand. 4 Nine specimens, from Australia and Tasmania. 5 Thirteen specimens, from southern Australia and Tasmania, measured by Stresemann. 6 Sterna Nove Hollandizx Stephens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 161 (Australia), 526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 49. Mathews has discovered, properly applicable to the Australian form of Sterna anaetheta. Detailed measurements of specimens examined are as follows: Measurements of specimens of Thalasseus bergii poliocercus. 3 oO z Lola] Museum and No. Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. 3 2 g 4 Alaik | a Elaeala ia mm.| mm.) mm.) mm. OLS IN AM LOS42oo aloo. cal b Uh erweamit ay NOW alc istenies semiemetsam |torsiateteateatearetel alate 350 | 160 |63 28 South Wales, Aus- tralia M. C, Z.87811.....)... do Tasmanls araieies bari ol Petites stated Ore W. Robertson. ea 158 |59.5 | 31 M. C. Z. 87821. . ANG Pas oy serene LO ec lavermciot croc teiall ote mie store eevecciell sates GOs ccecens 146 (59 30 U.S.N.M. 211896 1.| Female . Bass Sirait, Wictoriaehctsasscce Sceceleeatea eek wood a 158 |55 27.5 Australia. M. C. Z. 12018 1....| Female? | Melbourne, Victoria, |.....---------- Jen MeCoyiceeoe 332 | 173 |56 27 Australia. M. C. Z. 27589 ..... Spvetal: NasmManias. dos ccacitiel Soeseacinee meee lotsa aes 320 | 131 |48.5 | 26.5 MNCL DO0G4 voce didisctsecics « australis PRS PR Jan. 3,1897 | M. J. Flood 328 | 131 |66 27 MCA SDODED calc cee cesisa| iss COs ciniscmiesinas eres July 30,1897 |...-.- (epee 142 |55 26.5 ME COZ ABGOSG lest = ccicsccane'|> isiete Ac ahetcte ates mnie eieiete Dec. 29,1896 |...-. Go:... tone 337 | 179 |63 27 Ms CZiADGOn buccal eaitesen scree ace don sete Heb) 781887 |soose dos eer: ot 331 | 165 (59.5 | 27 THALASSEUS BERGII GWENDOLENAE (Mathews). Sterna bergii gwendolenae MatHEws, Novit. Zool., vol. 18, January 31, 1912, p. 208 (Rockingham, Western Australia). Subspecific characters.—Like Thalasseus bergu poliocercus and Tha- lasseus bergii pelecanoides, but decidedly larger, and with upper parts paler than either. Measurements.2-—Wing, 343-377 (average, 360) mm. Geographical distribution—Coasts of western and northwestern Australia. Resident, south to southwestern Western Australia, and north to the western part of the Northern Territory (Melville Island). | This form I have not been able to examine, but judging from the descriptions and measurements given by Mr. Mathews‘ and Mr. Stresemann,’ it is a valid subspecies. Birds from Melville Island in the Northern Territory of Australia, though close in geographical position to the range of Thalasseus bergii pelecanoides, are apparently much nearer Thalasseus bergii gwendolenae, at least in so far as their size is concerned, and probably are best referred to the latter, as already indicated by Mr. Stresemann,‘ notwithstanding their north- ern locality, which is, as a matter of fact, not so very far beyond the northern part of Western Australia, whence come other examples of Thalasseus bergit gwendolenae. The wings of five specimens from Melville Island, as given by Mr. Stresemann, range from 346 to 365 mm., with an average of 357 mm. 1 Used in measurement averages on p. 525. 2 Eight specimens, from Western Australia, measured by Stresemann. 8 Novit. Zool., vol. 18, Jan. 31, 1912, p. 208; Birds of Australia, vol. 2, pt. 3, Sept. 20, 1912, p. 347. § Novit. Zool., vol. 21, Feb. 25, 1914, p. 59. ‘seprouvdejed I1310q snessvyeyy, “8 ‘T1ayL WF10q snossepery, “F ‘IVUO[OPUAMS I1319q SHEsse]ey,L, “TT “SNUTeIPOTeY MWSiIoq snossepey,L *! *XOJ9A I1S810q Snossvey, *¢ “sno19001[0d I131eq Snesseyey,L, “OT “SJ B{SLIO TIS1eq Snasseyeu,L, °9 “SNUISSRTVY} I3Jeq snosse[ey dL, °*Z ‘SLIJSOIN00I IIS10q Snassejey,L °6 ‘ISpIVA Po IISJeq Snaesse[eyL, “¢ ‘TS10q Ifd10q SNesse[ey.T, °T NOY3d SNASSVIVH]| 4O SSlIOadSENS 3HL 4O SSONVY = ; P| PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 49 PL. 66 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM THREE NEW SPECIES OF ANODONTITES FROM BRAZIL. By Writittam B. MarsHatt, Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, United States National Museum. Among some Brazilian naiads recently sent to the United States National Museum for identification by Mr. Dias da Rocha of Ceara, Brazil, were two species of Anodontites which appear to be new. They are from Ceara, Brazil. They are not represented in the Museum collection, nor in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, which I have examined, with the kind assistance of Dr. H. A. Pilsbry. I have been unable to find them described in the literature relating to the genus and have concluded that they belong to an undescribed species. More recently, Mr. da Rocha has sent four additional valves of Anodontites from the same locality. Two of these belong to typical Anodontites sinuosus Lamarck, while the other two belong to a new species. The following descriptions and figures will serve to define the three species: ANODONTITES SALMONEA, new species. Plate 67. Shell moderately thick, rounded in front, obtusely angular behind, widest just posterior to the beaks. Periostracum thin, with a dull polish, marked by obscure rays which are formed by a ruffling of the periostracum itself. Entire surface of the shell marked by concentric impressed lines, which, in the earlier stages of growth are more regu- lar, stronger, and nearly evenly spaced, but which become faint and irregular as growth progresses. Periostracum light yellowish olive, the rest stages indicated by dark lines, and the color gradually darkens from the beaks to the margins. Posterior ridge rounded, but little elevated. Posterior dorsal area with a low rib running from the beak to a point above the posterior angle. Beaks eroded, . salmon pink, and this color shows through the periostracum for some distance from the beaks, showing that the material of the shell itself is of this color. Nacre beautiful salmon pink, the color deepest in the cavity of the beak, and becoming paler and more iridescent toward the margins. Prismatic margin dull greenish, or whitish tinged with green. Surface of the nacre marked by innumerable fine radiating lines which are part of the nacre or of the shell substance. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 49—No. 2122. 527 528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 49. Hinge line slightly arched and not making a sharp angle with the anterior and posterior margins. Sinulus small but very prominent and almost an equilateral triangle. The type, Cat. No. 273688, U.S.N.M., is a single valve, probably nearly adult, from Ceara, Brazil, and measures: Length, 66 mm.; breadth, 38 mm.; diameter, if both valves were present, would be 24mm. There is also a younger specimen, whch measures: Length, 39 mm.; breadth, 22 mm.; diameter, 14 mm. This species shows no close relationship to any described species. Its nearest relative is Anodontites wymani Lea, but the two species differ in form, color of periostracum and nacre, and especially in the color of the prismatic margin. The sinulus of wymani is long and narrow, while that of salmonea is nearly an equilateral triangle. The hinge plate of wymani is short, broad, and heavy; that of salmonea is longer, narrower, and lighter. ANODONTITES DAROCHAI, new species. Plate 68. Shell very thin and fragile, somewhat inflated, regularly rounded in front and angulately rounded behind, somewhat constricted just in front of the middle. Widest near the posterior end of the hinge line. Beak eroded, upper portion of each valve with numerous, obscure, evenly spaced, channeled lines. Periostracum thin, smooth, polished, greenish olive, with the rest periods indicated by a brownish line. Posterior ridge evenly rounded. Posterior dorsal area dark green with two darker green rays. Many other green rays over the entire surface which are widest and darkest posteriorly, while an- teriorly they are narrow and faint. Nacre highly iridescent, suffused with a lurid cast, marked by fine radiating lines in the texture of the shell. Channeled concentric lines of the outer surface showing through. Hinge line straight, making abrupt angles with the anterior and posterior margins. Cavity of the beaks and vicinity of the sinulus diseased, and this disease obscures the character of the sinulus. The type, Cat. No. 273687, U.S.N.M., is a single valve from Ceara, Brazil. It is not yet fully adult. It measures: Length, 75 mm.; breadth, 45 mm.; diameter, if both valves were present, would be 24 mm. It is named in honor of the donor, Mr. Dias da Rocha. A young specimen from the same place sent by Mr. da Rocha possibly belongs to this species, but has a bluish nacre and a light greenish periostracum. Anodontites sinuosus is the nearest relative of this species. The former is nearly truncate posteriorly, while the latter is somewhat nasute, and the two species differ in other respects, but it is possible that a large series of specimens would show A. darochai to be a variety of A. sinuosus. No. 2122. THREE NEW BRAZILIAN ANODONTITES—MARSHALL. 529 ANODONTITES AURORA, new species. Plate 69. Shell elongately subquadrate, regularly rounded in front, angularly rounded, but somewhat attenuated, posteriorly. Early shell with concentric, channeled lines, posterior dorsal area with evenly spaced, concentric, channeled lines which fade out just in front of the posterior ridge. Anteriorly the shell is nearly smooth. Posteriorly there is a succession of low, broad concentric ribs. Color brownish-olive, glossy, darkening anteriorly to light brown; posterior area very dark brown, almost blackish, the dark color here sharply differen- tiated from the lighter color of the rest of the shell; entire surface more or less marked with radiating brown lines varying in width and intensity; rest periods five, indicated by darker brownish lines. Nacre highly iridescent, with a lurid cast, marked by innumerable radiating straiae, which are in the texture of the shell. Cavity of the beak shallow. Upper portion of nacre, including the hinge line, blotched with lavender. Prismatic margin very narrow, bluish-white. Hinge line nearly straight, making an abrupt angle with the anterior margin of the shell, but scarcely any angle with the posterior margin. The type, Cat. No. 273689, U.S.N.M., consists of a single valve which measures: Length, 110 mm.; height, 86 mm.; diameter, if both valves were present, would be 34 mm. It and pee other cobee come from Ceara, Brazil. Superficially this species seems to be most nearly related to Ano- dontites trapezialis Lamarck, but a careful study of form, nacre, color, and other characters shows a closer relationship to Anodontites sinuosus Lamarck. Anodontites trapezialis narrows in front to such a degree as to give the shell a generally oblique appearance. The narrowing in A. aurora is much less, and hence the shell has a more quadrate form. The difference in the thickness of the two species is very great, trapezialis being much the thicker and much heavier. The nacre of trapezialis is dull, bluish-white while that of aurora is highly iridescent and has a lurid cast. In nacre A. aurora agrees in practically all respects with A. sinwosus. A. sinuosus has a generally pathologic appearance. The nacre is blotched with purplish-brown and the posterior portion of the shell is rudely constructed and looks like a ‘‘bad job.” A. aurora has the purplish blotches on the nacre, but the posterior portion of the shell neatly finished. It is possible that A. sinuosus if grown to perfec- tion would possess the elongated form of A. aurora and that the latter would then prove to be a variety of the former. The name aurora is appropriate for the species because of the play of brilliant colors in the nacre. 81022°—Proc,N.M.vol.49—15——34 ee ay Pe SSR CER Ende aa a RES ™ aerate pets Reel rat A teicentd Ok Aa Aaa a tae piesa ee bed aon me oa ae aia ‘errrnbdoRe or nae ols ee cae ‘ ar SEPT RAE Se Noaey ae ORE: Thales Rest yiaeee aap cet Gheaag dhol ahaa pine soleae 2. . 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By A. S. PEarsg, Honorary Curator of Crustacea, University of Michigan. INTRODUCTION. The Crustacea of Colombia have been studied now and then, and some species have been described which are not known to occur elsewhere, but no one has ever visited the country for the express purpose of studying its carcinological fauna. It was with great pleasure, therefore, that the writer accepted an invitation to accom- pany the Walker Expedition, sent during the summer of 1913 by the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, to investigate the region about Santa Marta, on the southern shore of the Caribbean Sea. A general account of the country has been published else where (Pearse, 714). This part of South Meeek offers an admirable variety of habitats. The map (fig. 1) gives the general features of the country. Along the coast there is a strip of desert about 7 miles wide, the flora of which consists largely of acacias and great cacti. Beyond this the moun- tains rise abruptly to the snow peaks of the Sierras. From July 1 to 26 the party made its headquarters on the Cincinnati Coffee Plan- tation, at an altitude of 4,500 feet, whence it was possible in a single day to tramp to the top of San Lorenzo (8,300 feet) and return, or to go down to Minca (2,000 feet). The mountains were covered with a luxuriant forest and it rained every afternoon. From July 28 to August 4 we studied the fauna about “‘La Rosa,” an irrigated tract of land in the midst of a desert, the aridity of which was relieved somewhat by swift streams originating in the mountains above. From the desert we went to Fundacion, a village on the bank of a good-sized river which flowed rapidly over a sandy bottom. Here it was extremely hot and there was rain only twice during the two weeks of our stay. The surrounding country was rather dry and sandy; the forest being less dense than in the mountains above. Two days, August 22 and 23, were spent in the mangrove swamps along the Cienaga Grande on Tasajera Isla. After that (August 25 to 30) head- quarters were made in Santa Marta and the sluggish rivers in that vicinity were explored. A trip was also made to Gaira, a village down the coast near the mouth of a river. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 49—No. 2123. 531 532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 49, Through the indulgence of the chief of the expedition the writer was able to devote his whole time to the collection and study of crustaceans, and, as a thorough search was made in each locality visited, the list of species is believed to be representative. My thanks are due to Dr. A. G. Ruthven, who led the expedition, and to Mr. F. M. Gaige, who completed the party. Both were constantly on the alert for crustaceans and helped very materially in securing speci- mens and notes. My thanks are also due to Miss Mary J. Rathbun, who read the manuscript of this paper, gave many valuable sugges- tions, and furnished photographs for the figures of the crabs appearing in this paper. CRUSTACEAN HABITATS. The crustaceans of Colombia live in a variety of habitats. The aquatic representatives may dwell in the cool swift torrents on the tops of mountains, in the sluggish meandering streams of the low- lands, or among the luxuriant vegetation in the swamps. Terrestrial crustaceans may live in bromeliads, in the rough bark of trees, among fallen leaves, under logs, in rotting tree trunks, in the ground or on its surface. Some crabs and isopods are amphibious, wandering from land to water and back again as suits their convenience. The habi- tats in the vicinity of Santa Marta may be grouped under the fol- lowing headings: Ocean, mangrove swamps, streams, forest, desert. No attempt is made in this paper to consider the marine Crustacea, but it is impossible to study those of land or fresh water without dis- cussing Many marine crabs, such as the Gecarcinidae, Ocypodidae, Grapsidae, and Coenobitidae, which wander about on the banks of estuaries (Uca, Gecarcinus), climb among the mangroves (Sesarma), or migrate far inland along the banks of rivers (Cardisoma). The mangrove swamps along the Cienaga Grande swarmed with fiddler crabs (Uca mordaz and U. minaz), which live in holes in the mud among the thickly crowded aerial roots. Sesarmas (S. robertz). climbed about over the mangroves, dodging beneath roots or into their holes when disturbed. These mangrove crabs have a habitat which furnishes them an abundance of food, but they often fall a prey to the herons and raccoons, which are extremely common. The streams near Santa Marta are of two sorts: (1) Swift mountain torrents flowing over solid rock or bowlders, and (2) the slow-flowing rivers of the flat country along the coast. The rapid-flowing moun- tain streams contain no proper crustacean fauna, though the amphibi- ous crabs, Pseudothelphusa, and isopod, Philoscia mitida, are often found there. Both these crustaceans are also of frequent occurrence on land at considerable distances from water. As soon as the streams lose the impetus of their descent from the mountains, however, they are invaded by a horde of shrimps and prawns. The favorite resort of the strange Atya scabra is among the collections of leaves and other 533 4 CRUSTACEA COLLECTED IN COLOMBIA—PEARSE. no. 2123. *LQOUT, “V WYIIMM Ad HOLANS HONOU V WoUd ‘NVNAUV A “f£ UWLVH AT NAVY “VIANOTOO ‘VLAV VINVS LAOdVY NOIOGU AHL 40 aVA—'T “OM SOULS PALL (eee Nee Se omen) a » “4 s——-. wv apues9 a e4oL/ oSewe t_. ‘ 5 . Z ge ¥ od soly, A O24) Oars, B i 2) oes 4S iG = NH erojo204y re e109" 2a aD es R y 2a Ax 4 Fy a>? () ps Une Swetez i," 26eu #70 2 Reap 22% one Y 2% ;, a ~ ert repay aa fog °y2ue7 verwyvony eae: 2/49 . wie’y ay, jie \9 ia Heremay , As = 2s, MS tan, Ay cosh \ 3" a7 Re RS ae me Zalyt ae Sa A3Mf, sup Mp" Jasin Wii wl ra by 3 > Mas yshyye an ", & ze Zi) WG = 8% $ 4, y a Se Ms ay, >a : : 2: %, y as . = = We 4 Ma, Nom Be, BML Gey < %,= Ayers Vou? Ee E a ; : oops" "2,52, o es ss Zw 25 ar) Spd eos => GAs 068 MN, 7 oe 5 ale \ an esre/y 584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. débris which catch on logs or sticks. Here they spread the nets on their claws and scrape up the organic sustenance which the surround- ing water contains. Prawns, great and small, lurk under stones or logs or secrete themselves in the vegetation along the shores. Swamps supported an abundance of entomostracans, but with the exception of an occasional fresh-water crab (Trichodactylus quinque- dentatus or T. dentatus), no higher Crustacea were found. Ostracods crawled over the floating vegetation, copepods and cladocerans often swarmed in the water. Around the margins of swamps land crabs were often abundant, living in short burrows beneath logs: The rain forest had a greater variety of crustacean inhabitants than any other region. This was to be expected if the variety of habitats and the abundance of food were considered. The most widely distributed genus was Philoscia, P. nitida, beg the most abundant species. This isopod was usually found in rather damp places—under stones in brooks; along the edges of streams; on the ground under leaves, sticks, logs, or stones; in bromeliads; and on trees. When the foraging ants invaded the forest it could be seen fleeing over the ground or up the trunks of trees. P. walkert and P. culebrae were less abundant. They were found under logs or leaves. Ligyda richardsonae was very common and _ resembled Philoscia nitida in its habits. The usual haunt of Cubaris brevispinis was under the scaly bark of a certain tree with an extremely rough trunk, though it was sometimes found on the ground under leaves or logs. Other species of isopods frequented rotten logs or the ground under fallen leaves. Minca ruthveni was extremely abundant in such situations. The forest crabs in the region about Santa Marta were Pseudothelphusa pearsei and P. clausa, which were common everywhere at the Cincinnati Coffee Plantation—under logs far from water, in streams, walking over the ground during showers. In the desert along the coast there were no characteristic crusta- ceans except Coenobita diogenes which wandered about among the sparse vegetation in rocky situations. Nevertheless, there were a number of crustaceans in the desert. Along the streams where the forest crept down into the lowlands some characteristic species from above were found (Philoscia culebrae, Cubaris brevispinis, etc.). Some crabs (Zrichodactylus dentatus, T. pictus, T. quinquedentatus) which were not met in the forest at higher altitudes were also found along these streams. In the water itself there were the shrimps and prawns characteristic of larger streams. REMARKS ON THE ECOLOGY OF CRUSTACEA. It is interesting to observe how in their habits different types of animals cling to racial traditions. Many of the Amphibia, such as the toads and tree frogs, are truly terrestrial, yet most of them go back to the water during the breeding season. On the other hand. no. 2123. CRUSTACHA COLLECTED IN COLOMBIA—PEARSE. 5385 the Reptilia all breed on land; even the marine turtles and sea snakes which spend their lives in the open ocean come back to the shore to lay their eggs. Among invertebrates representatives of but two phyla have taken generally to terrestrial habitats—the arthropods and the mollusks, both provided with a strong exoskeleton. In the Arthropoda the Crustacea hold a position like the Amphibia among the vertebrates, for they are in the midst of a transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats. In fact this class shows every gradation in mode of life—marine, fresh-water, terrestrial, arboreal. Everything indicates that crustaceans had their origin in the ocean and subse- quently invaded other habitats. What are the factors, then, which have been influential in enabling these animals to take up new modes of existence or have prevented them from doing so? How have they left the ocean and become adjusted to new habitats ? Crustaceans have two peculiarities which are of considerable eco- logical importance. They carry their eggs about with them so that the distribution of the various species is not closely limited by breed- ing conditions, as is the case with many animals which deposit eggs; as, for example, insects whose larvae require particular food plants, fishes which can nest only on certain kinds of bottom, etc. Further- more, the class as a whole is strongly committed structurally to respiration by means of gills and this fact has apparently offered the most serious obstacle to the invasion of the land. The lessened salinity of fresh water has apparently not been important in limiting crustaceans in their migration in streams, swamps, or lakes. Several orders are now confined almost exclusively to fresh water. Yet some species which liye on land or in fresh water always go back to the ocean to breed (Coenobita, Birgus). On the other hand, there are many which pass their whole life cycle away from the sea (many Entomostraca, Isopoda, Potamonidae, Potamobiidae). The food habits of Crustacea permit them to live almost every- where. Most species are omnivorous, and they frequently do much good as scavengers. If feeding habits alone were considered, it would seem remarkable that more crustaceans have not left the ocean. Admirable protection is afforded by the exoskeleton which not only serves as an armor but prevents desiccation. Most species lurk in holes or crevices during the day and are active at night. Those which feed in daylight have very keen vision and are quick to react to any moving object, retreating to some appropriate hiding place when threatened with danger. In changing from salt to fresh water or from water to land respi- ration must undergo marked changes, and this process is therefore of great importance in considering the ecology of Crustacea. The simpler crustaceans breathe through the general body surface but 536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. the Malacostraca have generally developed special gills in branchial chambers on the thorax or in connection with the appendages. The Crustacea have clung to the gills with great tenacity and instead of acquiring some other method of respiration have in many cases evolved elaborate accessory structures to facilitate the proper operation of the gills, as in Calappa, Emerita, etc. It is interesting to note that none of the primitive crustaceans have become terrestrial. Those which have taken up their abode on land have usually been able to do so through the further modification of already specialized respiratory organs. Some terrestrial Malacostraca fill the branchial ~ cavity with water before going on land, others have labyrinthine cavities which serve as lungs developed from the walls of the branchial chambers (Birgus, Thalassina); the land amphipods have lost the thoracic appendicular gills and breathe through the general body — surface; the isopods breathe through their flattened pleopods and some have even developed tracheal tubes like those of insects on these appendages. It would have made a great difference in the racial history of the Crustacea if they had hit upon tracheae early, instead of recently in one of the groups already adjusted to a terres- trial existence. Here as everywhere in the course of organic evolution success has brought its penalty. Branchial respiration made crusta- ceans so successful in aquatic habitats that the race got in a rut and became so set that it could not easily adjust itself to land. This limits crustaceans to water or to moist situations; comparatively few have been able to adjust their respiratory processes so as to take their oxygen directly from the air. They are also thus exposed to the dangers which accompany the fouling or drying up of water. In their reproductive activities the Crustacea have one peculiarity, which has already been mentioned, the habit of carrying the eggs and young during part of their development. This, with the fact that most eggs or embryos within the eggshell are quite resistant to dessication, makes possible adjustment of reproductive habits to fresh water or land. The prawns in fresh water (Macrobrachium) differ little from their relatives in the ocean (Palaemon). Many fresh-water crustaceans, however, carry the young longer than marine species of the same type (Astacidae), and in some the young leave the parent in practically the adult form (Potamonidae). Yet some of the most truly terrestrial species go back to the ocean to hatch their larvae (Coenobita, Birgus). When we consider the remarkable powers which the eggs of many marsh and pool inhabiting species have of resisting extreme temperature and dessication (Branchipus, Diaptomus, Cypris), it seems strange that no entomos- tracans live on land. In general there appears to be nothing about the reproductive activities of Crustacea which would prevent ready adjustment to land habitats. i no. 2123. CRUSTACEA COLLECTED IN COLOMBIA—PEARSE. 537 The behavior of crustaceans is such that life in any sort of a habitat might be possible. As a rule the reactions of different species are rather stereotyped and are suited to a particular habitat. Those species which are closely related taxonomically may have widely different types of behavior. Fiddler crabs are diurnal, while Ocypode hunts at night, yet both live in burrows along the seashore and have close systematic relationship. Isopods live in burrows in wood, cling to aquatic vegetation, run over the ground, live as parasites, or have other habitats, each involving a different set of reactions. Balanus and Polyonyx both get their food by net fishing, yet one is a _ Cirriped and the other a Porcellanid. The behavior of crustaceans shows great specificity in relation to particular habitats which indicates that the class as a whole is plastic and has been able to become adjusted to a great variety of conditions. Summarizing the last few paragraphs, it may be said that respira- tion appears to be the chief factor which has kept crustaceans in aquatic habitats. Reproduction, salinity of water, protection, food, and behavior may also be of more or less importance but their influence is, as a rule, distinctly secondary. The next point to be considered is the routes which crustaceans have followed in their migration from the ocean to other regions. I think we may assume three such highways: (1) Through the rivers to the land, (2) from ocean directly to land, (3) from marshes to swamp habitats in fresh water. At the mouths of rivers there is a mingling of fresh and salt water and a variety of crustaceans live there, some wandering from sea to river and back. The prawns, so characteristic of the rivers in the Tropics, doubtless came originally from the ocean, for they are closely related to marine species; in fact, some species now live in both places. The crayfishes and river crabs probably followed the same route. Cardisoma still remains near the mouths of rivers, but other genera of river crabs (Zrichodactylus, etc.) never enter the ocean and are found far inland. The prawns and shrimps never wander from rivers over the land, but crayfishes commonly do so and some live in holes far from water. Some crabs pass most of their time on land even when they are carrying eggs (Pseudothelphusa). Along the ocean there are many crabs, isopods, and amphipods which feed between the tide marks (Chiridotea) or above (Orchestia, Uca, Ocypode, etc.), or even climb shrubs or trees in search of food (Sesarma), yet all of them remain near the seashore. Doubtless the terrestrial hermit crabs (Birgus and Coenobita) started in this way, but now do not return to the ocean except to breed. Calman (11) points out that the more primitive land isopods are found nearer the sea and most of the terrestrial representatives of that group appear to have taken their way from sea directly toland. The terrestrial amphipods (Orchestia, Talitrus) took the same route. 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 49. Along the marsh-to-swamp-to-land route a number of crustaceans have traveled. Most entomostracans in fresh water probably came this way but have never attained as far as the land. Possibly some shrimps (Palaemonetes) and crabs (Trichodactylus) have also taken this route, the latter reaching the land. The seclusive habits of crustaceans have been a great help to them in their landward migration. Most terrestrial species are burrowers ‘“ nN 7 \ \ MOUNTAINS ve Pa > SN F ¢ Nc XN /s0poda 7 ve N N 7 N \ / Bebe “i XN Sue? 7 SU DESERT 0. NAL PORESH i np » ‘ 7 ‘ ' >< xe ‘oenobita v 4 | Pseudothelphusa ff LAND Trichodactylus (sopoda f = + \ / Atya \ f \ yl \ / \ 7 Mactosrachium Cardisome ce / \ Sesorme Yoa Colinehimw amuxe\en ee Gecorce(u) ame arm eb oe eet se sees 442, 447 PES ISOMIMIIS < yas 2 wis\acrns isle ouieeeciewe e 558 VeRtICOSA: 32. 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