\ WN \ AY “ ER ¥ Autkxoatind A AOS Sasa AW \ AN) BASS sas NIN KASS co A aN \. ))} "Ty ay A ay RX TZUN » oh NK eG . \ dy IN ee Win A i Se ss ig 5 S CO Ses ARVO ae EES SESE ERS AY Se ~ . \ \ \ se AY XK « CA \ XK \\ XK KKK CC << \ < _ ‘t ora, bak "nae .8 & ir q Va ivr a iy i ec os ag ek 5 any cy a ijSiessat a LAN 0 a i ) ie ay i a - ids, mi ; ue ey) i ii a oe Laat ga uae ef i SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS CF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 52 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two series—Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of lim- ited groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to libraries and scientific establishments, and, in view of the impor- tance of the more prompt dissemination of new facts, a limited edi- tion of each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of the volume. The present volume is the fifty-second of this series. The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of more elaborate papers. issued separately, and, like the Proceedings, based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the “Special Bulletin,” has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed indispensable. Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as “ Contributions from the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. Ricuarp Rarusun, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, in charge of the United States National Museum. June 20, 1917. ae8 TABLE OF CONTENTS. safe ‘ Page. Bartscu, Pact. Descriptions of new West American marine mollusks and notes on previously described forms. Nos Zita Miayi 20. TOR g tis cece ote sks te ee 637-681 New species: Pyramidella (Pharcidella) magdalenensis, Tur- bonilla (Strioturbonilla) canadensis, T. (S). montezuma, T. (S.) barkleyensis, T. (S.) santamariana, T. (S.) dore- dona, T. (S.) redondeoensis, T. (S.) schmitti, T. (Pyrgolam- pros) hannibali, T. (P.) franciscana, T. (P.) hemphilli, T. (P.) pugetensis, T. (P.) tremperi, T. (Pyrgisculus) guilleni, T. (Pyrgiscus) dora, T. (P.) ma, T. (P.) ista, T. (P.) eva, 1’. (P.) almejasensis, T. (P.) bartolomensis, T. (P.) lamna, T. (P.) mariana, T. (P.) lazaroensis, T. (P.) cortezi, T. (P.) tecalco, T. (P.) corsoensis, T. (P.) baegerti, T. (P.) ulloa, T. (P.) cabrilloi, T. (Cingulina) urdeneta, T. (Mormula) sebastiani, T. (Ugartea) juani, T. (Mormula) viscainoi, Odostomia (Chrysallida) taravali, O. (C.) san tamariensis, O. (Evalea) valeroi, O. (H#.) franciscana, O. (#.) willetti, O. (H.) pleicregona, O. (#.) orfordensis, O. (Odostomia) orcutti, Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) charlotten- sis, O. (C.) grippi, C. (C.) bakeri, C. (C.) helena, Bittium bartolomensis, B. challisae, B. santamariensis, B. san- juanensis, B. serra, Alvania bartolomensis, A. kyskaensis, A. dinora, New name: Odostomia (Hvalea) anderson. CocxerELL, T. D. A. New Tertiary insects. No. 2181. Feb- Maya st ONih te eo eee 1S) ee ee irises 373-384 New genera: Acreotrichites, Blesomyites, Urortalis, Protosci- nis, Taeniurites. New species: Riphidia brodiei, Mongoma cructferella, Tipula gardneri, Bibio gurentensis, B. oligocenus, Plecia winchesteri, P. explanata, Acreotrichites scopulicornis, Mesomyites con- cinnus, Rhamphomyia hypolitha, Urortalis caudatus, Melieria atavina, Protoscinis perparvus, Anthomyia persepulta, Aeolo- thrips brodieti, Sisyra? disrupta, Taeniurites fortis, Heriades priscus. 1 Date of publication. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. Dati, Wiitt1AM Heatey. Diagnoses of new species of ma- rine bivalve mollusks from the northwest coast of Amer- ica in the collection of the United States National Museum. No... 2183... (December: 2:1; 1016222 2 ee ees New species: Nucula cardara, N. darella, N. linki, N. quirica, N. petriola, Leda navisa, L. amiata, L. oxia, L. liogona, L. gomphoidea, L. fiascona, L. phenaxia, L. spargana, Yoldia oleacina, Y. secunda, Y. beringiana, Y. orcia, Y. sanesia, Y. cecinella, Y. capsa, Malletia (Minormalletia) talama, M. (Neilo) flora, Tindaria californica, T. brunnea, T. martiniana, T. ritteri, T. dicofania, T. cervola, Glycmeris corteziana, G. migueliana, Limopsis skenia, L. akutanica, Pteria viridizona, Vulsella pacifica, Pseudamusium incongruun, P. bistriatum Limatula attenuata, Modiolus (?politus val.) pallidulus, Da- erydium pacificum, Musculus olivaccus, Crenella rotundata, Dermatomya buttoni, D. beringiana, D. leonina, Cetoconcha malespinae, Myonera tillamookensis, Cuspidaria apodema, Cardiomya balboae, Calyptogena elongata, Miodontiscus meridionalis, Milneria kelseyi, Thyasira cygnus, T. tricari- nata, Erycina catalinae, EL. coronata, EH. bakeri, E. balliana, E. chacei, EH. santarosae, Anisodonta? pellucida, Rochefortia ferruginosa, R. beringensis, R. grebnitzskii, R. golischi, Pseudopythina myaciformis, Trigoniocardia cudoxria, Proto- cardia paziana, Cardium dulcinea, Psephidia brunnea, Ma- coma quadrana, M. truncaria, Ervilia californica, Sphenia trunculus, S. pholadidea, Corbula porcella, C. kelseyi, Pano- mya beringiana, Saxicavella pacifica. New varieties: Septiper bifurcatus, var. obsoletus, Musculus niger, var. obesus, M. mn. var. protractus, Protothaca stamined, var. spatiosa, Macoma brota, var. lipara, Panomya artica, var. turgida. New name: Macoma brota. Eastman, Cuartes R. Fossil fishes in the collection of the United States National Museum. No. 2177. February 94, 19172 New family: Astraspidae. New genus: Parafundulus. New species: Cladodus aculeatus, Dicrenodus teranus, Poly- -rhizodus grandis, Harpacanthus procumbens, Oracanthus triangularis, Lepidotus walcotti, Notagogus minutus, Para- fundulus nevadensis, Ameiurus primaevus, Priscacara dar- tonae. : Fisner, Warrer K. Trophodiscus, a new sea star from Kamchatka. No. 2180. March 7, 19172 New genus: Trophodiscus. New species: Trophodiscus almus. Fox, Henry. Field notes on Virginia orthoptera. No. 2176. March 16, 1917? Page. 393-417 235-304 367-371 199-234 1 Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Gu.ey, James Wituiams. Notice of a new Paleocene mam- mal, a possible relative of the Titanotheres. No. 2187. Ble OU Aye tel ele ees ee we ee Se a New genus: Titanoides. New species: 7Vitanoides primaevus. Kennepy, Ciarence Haminron. Notes on the life history and ecology of the dragonflies (Odonata) of central Cali- fornia and Nevada. No. 2192. May 12, 19171..________ New genera: Zoniagrion, Celaenura, Tanypteryz. New species: Celaenura gemina, Ophiogomphus arizonicus, Gom- phus donneri. New varieties: Agrion aequabile californicum, Ophiogompus morrisoni nevadensis, O. occidentis californicus. Lyon, Marcus Warp, Jr. Mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the chain of islands lying off the western coast of Sumatra, with descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies. No. 2188. December 30, 19161_________ New species: Cynopterus babi, Megaderma lasiae, M. siumatis, M. niasense, Myotis abbotti, M. niasensis, Arctictis niasensis, Fhinosciurus incultus, Rattus balmasus, R. pinatus, Pithecus mansalaris, Tragulus pinius. New subspecies: Paradoxrurus hermaphroditus enganus, Sciurus mansalaris batus, Ratufa palliata batuana, Rattus simalu- rensis lasiac, R. 8. babi, R. lingensis banacus, R. l. antucus, R. l. mabalus, R. 1. pinacus, R. fremens mansalaris, R. f. tuancus, Pithecus fuscus lasiae, Sus babi tuancus, S. b. enganus, Tragulus napu niasis, T. russulus masae. Merritt, Grorce P. A. new find of meteoric stones near Plainview, Hale County, Texas. No. 2184. March 7, Fy ya ene MeL Bh ee NN Net Ie Morrison, Harorp. Monograph of the Nearctic hymenop- tera of the genus Bracon Fabricius. No. 2178. March 7, ee cies A he he eer eye Nee ors te Ee New species: Bracon slossonae, B. comstocki, B. montrealensis, B. kelloggii, B. ashmeadi, B. californicus, B. nigrosternum, B. szepligetti, B. virginiensis. Myers, Franx J. Rotatoria of Los Angeles, California, and vicinity, with descriptions of a new species. No. 2ho0s SBebruary 28. 0904 4. oe eee ee New species: Lecane aspasia. OperHotsrr, Harry C. The birds of Bawean Island, Java Sea.) Novi (oss:Webruary: Sed Oi tacit an wh oe ey ye New species: Strix baweana. New subspecies: Spilornis bassus baweanus, Sauropatis chloris cyanescens, Microtarsus atriceps abbotti, Malacocincla abbotti baweana, Gracula javensis baweana, Anthreptes malacensis baweanus. 1 Date of publication. Vv Page. 431-435 453-635 437-462 419-422 305-343 473-478 183-198 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS. Parxer, JoHN Bernarp. A revision of the Bembicine wasps of America north of Mexico. No. 2173. February 10, GONG oo. Bh hee egg el) Re ee ee New genus: Stictiella. New Species: Steniolia nigripes, S. albicantia, Stictiella mela- nosterna, S. callista, S. bituberculata, S. melampous, S. megacera, S. divergens, Bicyrtes amvulata, B. gracilis, Bem- bir arcuata, B. hinei, B. stenobdoma, B. rugosa, B. fori, B.-comata, B. melanaspis, B. helianthopolis, B. latifrons, Microbembex aurata, M. hirsuta. Ravcurre, Lewis. Description of a new goby, Garmannia spongicola from North Carolina. No. 2185. February S197 ee ee ee ee New species: Garmannia spongicola. Ratueun, Mary J. New species of South Dakota cretaceous crabs. No:.2182:. Webruary 23,1091{ 4-22 eee New superfamily: Dakoticancroideae. New family: Dakoticancridae. New genus: Dakoticancer. New species: Dakoticancer overana, Homolopsis punctata, Campylostoma pierrense. Smiru, Frank. North American earthworms of the family Lumbricidae in the collections of the United States Na- tional Museum. No. 2174. February 8, 19171_---------- New species: Helodrilus welchi. Tompson, JosepH C. The variation exhibited by Thamno- phis ordinoides (Baird and Girard), a garter snake in- habiting the San Francisco Peninsula. No. 2179. March De QU cut othe et os SO SESS IS 9 epee TreaDWELL, Aaron L. A new species of polychaetous an- nelid from Panama, with notes on a Hawaiian form. INo: 2186. “February 8, 19007) 2S. ee ee eee New species: Phyllodoce panamensis. Wermorr, ALEXANDER. On certain secondary sexual char- acters in the male ruddy duck, Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmelin). No. 2191. February 8, 1917 4-._-.--_--_---- Wickuam, H. F. New species of fossil beetles from Floris- sant, Colorado. No. 2189. February 23, 19171------__- New genus: Brachyspathus. New species: Platynus insculptipennis, Cratacanthus floris- santensis, Harpalus ulomaeformis, H. redivivus, Anatis re- surgens, Brachyspathus curiosus, Podabrus cupesoides, Malachius immurus, Vrilletta monstrosa, Spondylis tertt- arius, Callidium grandaevum, Bruchus antaeus, Pandeletei- nus nudus, Tychius feror, Baris primalis. Page. 1-155 423-4295 385-391 157-182 345-366 427-430 479-482 463-472 1 Date of publication. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Facing page. HMC LOL ACANLILUS: UOLCNI = eee. = ee ee 304 2. Dinichthys tuberculatus and Sauripterus taylort_______-__-_--------- 304 SUS ONES OCTUING CUS a ee Ee ee Be ee 304 AMP NUSOTEIUSMOCTIUNUCLUS ete eee ee ee 304 ~ 5. Physonemus arcuatus, P. gemmatus, Ctenacanthus gracillimus, and ONGCONERUSEEELON OULU S ee ee ee ee 304 6. Hdestus heinrichit and Oracanthus vetustus_________-_------------~- 304 7. Harpacanthus procumbens, Hrismacanthus maccoyanus, Dicrenodus texranus, Sauripterus taylori, Coccosteus, species, Ctenacanthus gracilis, and Psammodus plems_—__ ee 304 8. Polyrhizodus grandis, Deltodus occidentalis, Polyrhizodus concavus, Dipterus angustus, Polyrhizodus grandis, Chomatodus, species, Cladodus spinosus, and Dinichthys pustulosus__________-_--------- 304 9. Elonichthys perpennatus, Cheirodus orbicularis, Elonichthys hypsi- plepis, Rhadinichthys gracilis, and Coelacanthus elegans___-----~- 304 10. Coelacanthus exiguus, Palaeophichthys parvulus, Hlonichthys hypsi- lepis, Cladodus aculeatus, Arthrodrian plates, and Lepidotid scales. 304 11. Ceraspis carinata, Ischyriza mira, and Coelacanthus elegans______-- 304 12. Catopterus gracilis, Semionotus micropterus, Lepidotus walcotit, DUCA STNOSNUS xO CSIC CIE ein ater se ee ee 304 13. Catopterus gracilis, and Lepidotus walcottt________.____________-__ 304 14. Acanthurus, species, Belonostomus tenuirostris, Belonorhynchus (?) species, and Notagogus minutus___________________._-___-_--=-— 304 15. Plioplarchus sexspinosus, Notogoneus osculus, and Semionotus elegans_ 304 16. Dapedoglossus testis, Parafundulus nevadensis, and Xiphias (7), SSP CCHGS pie etc tn A er Se Se es ee 304 EOLA TUNGUUUS NCURDENSIS aa a ee ee ee 304 18. Cladodus aculeatus, Psephodus legrandensis, Parafundulus nevadensis CUCTECUS ANd" OSMETUS AG?) ISDECICS os ee ee ee 3804 19. Amyzon brevipinne, and Cyprinodont_____________-_________—__=._— 304 RA NLEVULUS DIVINE CUUS ae es ee i ee aS 304 ime MAODLOSUSELICOULACONDES 22 et a ke ie ee ee ee 304 OM EUODIATCHUS SEDC SDULOSUS. = = ee ee ee 304 ase 8 COCO COLON Caceres tee a eee eS ee ees 304 BA ode MOrphOlogy, Of: Braco == 22 so Se ee ee ee 344 255 Abactinalsurface. of Trophodiscus almusa——=-_—- = == 02 Zo Actinal surftacevot Trophodtscus. aunus= 22S 372 SO eRaAyeaAnGdisk- Of. . 7ODROGISCUS QUNUS == ae = ee ee ee 372 SieeNew Tossil insects) from, the "Tertiary 2-5-3220 ee a 384 S2-0e News SOULL, Dakota’) cretaceous Crabs=2-. 2522 ke 392 34-35. Meteoric stones from Hale County, Texas_________-_____________ 422, Wings of Stictia carolina Fabricius. Vill LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 36. A new Paleocene mammal from North Dakota_______________-_---~- 37-39. Fossil beetles from Florissant, Colorado______-_____________---_ 40-41. Rotatoria from Los Angeles; Calitommia2—— = ==2 42-47. West American marinenmnollusks=22222 222222 TEXT FIGURES. Veins: 1, costal; 2, basal; 3, dis- coidal; 4, subcostal; 5, median; 6, submedian; 7, submedian cross= transverse median of Cresson; 8, radial; 9, third cubital cross; 10, second cubital cross; 11, first cubital cross; 12, cubitus; 13, first discoidal cross=—first recurrent of Cresson; 14, second discoidal cross= second recurrent of Cresson. Cells: A, costal; B, radial; C, first cubital; D, second cubital; H, third cubital; F, median; G, submedian; H, second submedian=second discoidal of Cresson; I, first discoidal ; J, second discoidal=third discoidal of Cresson; K, anal; L, basal lobe; MM. basal sinusioN, anal’sinus | Ry retinaculum=)22) = eee Figs. 1-6.—Wings of 1, Steniolia duplicata; 2, Stictia carolina; 3, Sticti- ella villosa; 4, Bicyrtes ventralis ; 5, Bembiz similans ; 6, Microbember NCOTUCO COVE ae ee ee ee ee Figs. 7-44.—Highth sternite of 7, Steniolia nigripes, ventral view; 8, 8S. duplicata, ventral view; 9, S. albicantia, ventral view; 10, S. obliqua, ventral view; 11, S. tibialis, ventral view; 12, S. nigripes, lateral view ; 13, S. duplicata, lateral view; 14, S. albicantia, lateral view; 15, S. obliqua, lateral view; 16, S. tibialis, lateral view; Genital stipites of 17-19, Steniolia nigripes ; 20-22, S. duplicata ; 23-25, S. albicantia; 26- 28, S. obliqua; 29-30, S. tibialis; Tibia and metatarsus of 31, Steniolia obliqua, male; 32, S. tibialis, male; 33, S. tibialis, female; 34, Seventh tergite, Stictia signata, male; 35, Lateral spine, seventh tergite, S. sig- nata, male; 36, Seventh tergite, S. carolina, male; 37, Lateral spine, sev- enth tergite, S. carolina, male; Genital stipites, 38-39, S. signata; 40- 41, S. carolina; 42, Middle femora, S. carolina, male; Antenna, 43, S. stgnata, males 44" S. COTO, (ial Cl ee ee ee Figs. 45-85.—Genital stipites of 45-46, Stictiella pictifrons ; 47-48, S. for- mosa; 49-50, S. melanosterna; 51-52, S. serrata; 538, S. plana; 54-55, S. tuberculata; 56, S. callista; 57-58, S. bituberculata; 59-60, S. emar- ginata; 61-62, S. pulchella; 63-64, S. speciosa; 65-66, S. melampous ; 67-68, S. villosa; 69-70, S. tenuicornis; T1-72, S. megacera; 73-74, S. exigua; 75, S. pulla; 76-77, S. femorata; 78-79, S. divergens; 80, Api- cal segments, antenna of S. pictifrons, male; 81, Antenna of S. formosa, male; 82, S. melanosterna, male; 83, S. serrata, male; 84, S. plana, male="S5-\S)eulbista, male: oe: 22 Sh AS ee en ee Figs. 86-110.—Antenna of 86, Stictiella bituberculata, male; 87, S. emar- ginata, male; 88, S. pulchella, male; 89, S. speciosa, male; 90, S. tenui- cornis, male; 91, S. mergacera, male, basal part; 92, S. exigua, male; 93, S. pulla, male; 94, S. femorata, male; 95, S. divergens, male; 96, Middle tibia and metatarsus of S. pictifrons, male; 97, S. formosa, male; 98, Last segment, left anterior tarsus of S. formosa, male; 99, Middle tibia and metatarsus of S. melanosterna, male; 100, S. serrata, male; 101, S. twberculata, male; 102, Last segment right anterior tarsus of S. tuberculata, male; 103, Middle tibia and metatarsus of S. callista, male; 104, S. bituberculata, male; 105, S. emarginata, male; 106, S. pulchella, male; 107, S. speciosa, male; 108, S. melampous, male; 109, Middle tibia of S. femorata, male; 110, S. divergens, male________ 144 145 146 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, IX Page. Figs. 111-188.—Genital stipites of 111-112, Bicyrtes fodiens; 113-114, B. ventralis ; 115-116, B. parata; 117-118, B. 4-fasciata ; 119-120, B. varie- gata; 121-122, B. annulata; 123, B. gracilis ; 124-125, B. viduata; 126- 127, B. insidiatriz ; 128-129, B. capnoptera ; 180-131, B. mesillensis ; 1382, Middie femur of B. ventralis, male; 133, B. capnoptera, male; 134, Pos- terior coxae of B. fodiens, female; 135, Ultimate tergite of B. fodiens, female; 136, B. burmeisteri, female; 187, B. annulata, female; 138, B. Caopnopterawtemale S208 2 svi age yee Ee Se ees Sa ee 148 Figs. 139-184.—Genital stipites of 189-140, Bembix arcuata; 141, B. U- seripta; 142-143, B. cinerea; 144-145, B. hinei; 146-147, B. nubili- pennis ; 148-149, B. amoena; 150-151, B. sayi; 152-1538, B. belfraget; 154, B. stenebdoma; 155-156, B. fori; 157-158, B. spinolae; 159-160, B. spinolae, showing variation ; 161-162, B. cameroni; 163-164, B. comata; 165, B. comata, showing variation; 166-167, B. primaaestate; 168, B. primaaestate, showing variation; 169-170, B. similans; 171-172, B. pruinosa; 173-174, B. beutenmulleri ; 175-176, B. occidentalis ; 177-178, B. troglodytes; 179-180, B. melanaspis; 181-182, B. terana; 1538-184, BRR RCLORERODOULS seach irene as reryee CAs ee OS eS ee ee Se 149 Figs. 185—211.—Antenna of 185, Bembix arcuata, male; 186, B. cinerea, male, 187; B. hinei, male; 188, B. nubilipennis, male, 189, B. amoena, male; 190, B. sayi, male; 191, B. belfraget, male; 192, B. stenebdoma, male; 193, B. foxi, male; 194, B. spinolae, male; 195, B. cameroni, male; 196, B. comata, male; 197, B. primaaestate, male; 198, B. similans, male; 199, B. pruinosa, male; 200, B. beutenmulleri, male; 201, B. occi- dentatis, male; 202, B. troglodytes, male; 203, B. melanaspis, male; 204, B. terana, male; 205, B. helianthopolis, male; 206, Clypeus and labrum of B. arcuta, lateral view; Middie tibia and metatarsus of 207, B. arcuata, male; 208, B. U-scripta, male; 209, Middle tibia and tarsus of B. hinei, maie; Middle metatarsus and tibial spur of 210, B. amoena, PGA Sem SCL 4f 0 ee ety A A I eae 2 ee ae a ee ee 150 Figs. 212-230.—Clypeus and labrum of 212, Bembix belfragei, lateral view ; 213, Sixth tergite of B. belfragei, female; 214, Middle tibia and metatarsus of B. stenebdoma; male; 215, Ventral view, sternites 6-8 of B. stenebdoma, male; 216, Sixth tergite of B. rugosa, female; 217, Cly- peus and labrum of B. rugosa; Process on second sternite of 218, Micro- bembex aurata, male; 219, M. monodonta, male; 220, M. hirsuta, male; Genital stipites of 221-222, M. aurata; 223-224, M. hirsuta; 225-226, M. monodonta (Ohio) 3; 227-228, M. monodonta (Florida) ; 229-230, M. MOonodontan (NVaShingtOm))) a_i a ees 151 Dorsomedian shield of Psammosteus paradoxus Agassiz, wanting super- ficial ornamentation. Upper Devonian, Neuhausen, Livoniat_________ 242 Pattern of skull-top of Devonian Dipnoans. A, Dipterus valenciennesi. B, Scaumenacia curta. In specimens of dipterus the numerous sen- sory pits are scattered over broad tracts, the general directions of which are indicated by the dotted lines, except in the occipital region where the dotted lines represent shallow grooves. The “ parietals,” “frontais,” ete, are probably not homogenous with those of Tetra- poda. Dso, dermosupraoccipital; Fr, frontals; Na, nasoethmoid region ; St. supratemporal (pterotic); 7b, tabulare (epiotic) ; Parietal, pre- TY ARH ie) rae aaa ea AE ie ia ee pe |S NM oe oe toni At OURS WE ye 247 Dinichthys bulla Upper Devonian, Wildungen, Germany. Restoration of head-shield, slightly modified after Jaekel. C, central; HO, external occipital; A/, marginal; #0, median occipital; P, pineal; PO, pre- orbital; PtO, postorbital; R, rostral; SO, suborbital._._..__...__________ 249 x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Dinichthys halmodeus. Marcellus shale (Brian), Livonia Salt Shaft, New. York: 4 Restoration: of thead-shield X42) 2s ee ee eee Dinognathus feror. Cleveland Shale (Upper Devonian), Lorain County, Ohio. Reconstruction of the upper dental pavement________________ Sauripterus taylori Hall. Catskill, Pennsylvania. Right pectoral limb of type-specimen with parts in their naturally associated position________ Sauripterus taylori Hall. Catskill, Pennsylvania. Restoration of the right pectoral limb, seen from the inner side. The mesopterygial series is represented by the humerus (H), ulna (U) and distally suc- ceeding elements; the preaxial radials (R) are barely represented. The scapulacoracoid, clavicle (cv), supracleithrum (s. cl.), and fin rays are conjecturally restored from analogy with related genera__________ Aspidorhynchus acutirostris Agassiz. Upper Jura (lithographic stone), Solenhofen, Bavaria. Lateral aspect of cranium, Xi ang, angu- lare; d, dentary ; f, frontal; iop, interoperculum ; j, jugal; J, lachrymal; m, maxillary; meth, mesethmoid; n, rostrum; oc. sup., supraoccipital ; op, operculum; p, parietal; prd, predentary; prf, prefrontal; prm, premaxillary ; ptf, postfrontal; prop, preoperculum; sang, surangulare; Op; SubOpercerl rns ese eee a ee ee ae ae ee es Notogoneus osculus Cope. Green River Eocene; Twin Creek, Wyoming. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) aspects of cranium, §. (After L. Hus- sakof). ANG, angular; AR, articular; D, dentary; H, ethmoid; FR, frontal; HM, hyomandibular; JOP, interoperculum; MtP, metaptery- goid; MX, maxilla; OP, operculum; PA, parietal; Pi’R, prefrontal; PMX, premaxilla; POP, preoperculum; PSP, parasphenoid; PTER, pterotic; Q, quadrate; SANG, surangular; SO, supraoccipital; SOP, suboperculum ; SPH, sphenotic; SY, symplectic; VO, vomer; X, cheek- 1, Phyilodoce panamensis; 2, Parapodium, Leodice dubia; 3, Anterior parapodium ; 4, Simple seta; 5, Compound seta______________________ Lower cheek-teeth of Titanoides primaevus__..._.______________________ Longitudinal section of larynx of male Ruddy duck. b, rima glottidis. c; pulyinusidaryngis?) ds mouth of air:saes 20s ee eee Figs. 1-2.—Agrion aequabile californicum. 1. Wings of male. 2, Wings OF female: = 225k 452 6s, ats ae, = Eee MAI NR en ere ae Eee eee Figs. 3-10, 14-18—Lestes stultus. 3-4. Usual coloration. 5-7. Varia- tion in thoracic pattern. 8-10. Appendages of male. 11-13.—Lestes uncatus, appendages of male. 14-18. Nymph _______-=______-________ Figs. 19-82.—Zoniagrion exrclamationis. 19-20. Coloration. 21-23. Ve- nation. 24 and 32. Penis. 25-27. Male, appendages. 28-29. Protho- rax. 30. Female, mesostigmal laminae. 81. Segments 9 and 10 of female. 33.—Hnallagma carunculatum, basal posteostal vein. 34-385.— Acanthagrion interruptum. 34. Basal posteostal vein. 35. Penis. 36.—Hnallagma hageni, basal postcostal vein. 37-38.—Acanthagrion gracile. 37. Basal postcostal vein. 38. Penis. 39.—Amphiagrion sau- cium, penis. 40.—Hnallagma pollutum, penis. 41.—2Hnallagma civile, penis: ' 42:—Coenagrion puella, penis____.___ $e Figs. 43-52.—Zoniagrion exclamationis. 43-49. Nymph. 45. Lateral carina. 46. Antenna. 47 and 49. Mentum. 48. Segment 9 of female nymph. 50. Female ovipositing. 51. Eggs in leaf. 52. Egg_________ Figs. 53-55.—Celaenura gemina. 53. Male color pattern. 54-55. Female color pattern. 56-58.—Celaenura denticollis. 56. Male color pattern. bv-58. Nemale :color: pattern 290s: 32 Ea ae a ee 253 285 289 424 429 434 481 485 486 491 494 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Fig. 59.—Celaenura denticollis, pairs of eggs in tissue of grass leaf. 60-61.—Celaenura denticollis. 60. Pair resting between ovipositions, female with abdomen raised. 61. Female ovipositing________________ Fig. 62, A and B.—Celaenura gemina, female prothorax. 63-69.—Celae- nura denticollis. 68, A and B. Female prothorax. 64-68. Nymph. 66. Mentum. 67. Mental lobe. 68. Segment 9 of female. 69. Caudal Figs. 70-81.—Ischnura penes. 70. I. perparva. T1. I. demorsa. 72. I. ver- ticalis. 78. I. damula. 74. I. erratica. 75. I. ramburii credula. Té6. I. kellicottt. 77. I. barberi. 78. I. elegans. 79. I. cervula. 80. I. posita. 81. I. pumilio (genotype). 82.—Ceratura capriola, penis. 83—-84.—Ne- halennia irene, penis. 85-91.—Celaenura denticollis. 85. Penis. 86—-S7. Wings. 88. Female, mesostigmal laminae. 89-91. Male, segment 10. 92-96.—Celaenura gemina. 92, Penis, 93. Female, mesostigmal lami- NaAewsO4—- OGM Male “sea ment Qiet 2 swe Nee ee ee ee eee Figs. 97-105.—Tanypteryx hageni. 97-98. Color pattern. 99. Labium. 100. Metathoracic tubercle. 101-103. Male, appendages. 104. Female, segments 9 and 10. 105. Penis. 106-114—Tanypteryx pryeri. 106- 107. Color pattern. 108. Metathoracic tubercle. 109. Penis. 110. Hamules. 111. Segments 9 and 10 of female. 112-114. Male, append- Figs. 115-123.—Tachopteryx thoreyi. 115-116. Color pattern. 117-119. Male, appendages. 120. Segments 9 and 10 of female. 121-123. Nymph. 122. Antenna. 123. Mentum. 124-125—Tanypteryx pryeri, wings_-__ Figs. 126-129.—Tanypteryx hagemi, wings. 180-182.—Tachopteryr tho- CREA Is! Sif SSB 3S a gt SS Sg yee Figs. 133-137.—Cordulegaster diadema. 133-134. Color pattern. 1385. Segment 10 of male. 136. Fore leg of male. 187. Segments 9 and 10 of female. 188-143.—Cerdulegaster dorsalis. 188-139. Color pattern. 140. Penis and hamules. 141. Segmenti0of male. 142. Segments 9 and OOftemales = (ASH cont tee eee a eo ee eee eee Fig. 144—Vulvar lamina and ovipositors (from Ris) in: A. Sympetrum frequens. B. Sympetrum matutinum. C. Sympetrum eroticum, ven- tral view. D. Same, lateral view. E. Sympetrum cordulegaster. F. WU ECS MOULD OSUERL rere ees eas See eS ee ee ee ee Figs. 145-146.—Cordulegaster dorsalis. 145. A. Nymph with protective coat of algae. 145. B. Exuvia. 146. Female ovipositing in stream bed_ Fig. 147.—Divided median tooth of middle lobe of nymphal labium (from Needham). A. Cordulegaster dorsalis. B. Cordulegaster diadema____ Figs. 148-154.—Progomphus borealis. 148. Color pattern. 149. Segments 9 and 10 of female. 150-151. Segment 2 of male. 152-154. Segment 10 (Sede NNT ae ee re a I Pd hal St os eh wR Figs. 155-163.—Progomphus borealis, nymph. 157. First leg. 158. Men- tum, detail. 159. Head. 160. Mentum. 161. Segments 9 and 10 of males 162-1635 Segments 9: and: 10of females 222 22 =~ Soe See Figs. 164-169.—O phiogomphus bison. 164. Color pattern. 165. Hamules. 166-167. Male, appendages. 168. Vulva. 169. Occiput of female. 170- 177.—Ophiogomphus morrisom. 178-185—Ophiogomphus morrisoni ME CEO CTUS US ele ae Por NR Te ite St Figs. 186-191.—Ophiogomphus severus montanus. 186. Color pattern. 187. Hamules. 188-189. Male, appendages. 190. Vulva. 191. Female, occiput. 192-197.—Ophiogomphus severus. 198-203.—Ophiogomphus ETE 2 OTLEC UE Steen ia ana ee re Tne Des ns Mae ee TE elle ea sleet a XI Page. 501 504 512 514 518 519 520 523 524 528 532 XII LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. Figs. 204-211.—Ophiogomphus occidentis. 204. Color pattern. 205. Ha- mules. 206-208. Male, appendages. 209. Vulva. 210. Female, occiput. 211. Appendages of a male from Corvallis, Oregon. 212-218.—Ophio- gomphus occidentis \calijonnicuss === 2 ee eee Figs. 219-223.—Ophiogomphus nymphs, 219. O. morrisoni. 220, O. seve- rus. 221. O. morrisoni nevadensis, 222, O. bison. 228. O. occidentis__ Figs. 224-226. Ophiogomphus bison, nymph. 224. Mentum. 225. Teeth and setae on middle lobe of mentum, 226. Segments 6-10. 227-229.— Ophiogomphus morrisoni, 230-232.—Ophiogomphus severus. 235- 235.—Ophiogomphus morrisoni nevadensis. 236-238.—Ophiogomphus OCCIdeNtiS) 2225.22 ee eee ee ee Figs. 239-243.—Ophiogomphus, dorsal spines of nymphs. 239. O. bison. 240. O. occidentis. 241. O. morrison. 242. O. morrisom nevadensis. 243. O. severus. 244-246—Ophiogomphus, lateral fringe on segment 7 of nymph. 244. O. morrisoni nevadensis. 245. O. severus. 246. OS MOrnis0ONi_ asa 2 2 ee ee eee Figs. 247-249.—Gomphus intricatus. 250-251.—Gomphus olivaceus, 252- 2538.—Gomphus olivaceus nevadensis________=+_ = eee Figs. 254-262—Gomphus intricatus. 254. Male, segment 2. 255-257. Male, segment 10. 258. Segments 9-10 of female. 259. Female, occi- put. 260-262; Male, left legs. 2*. i a eee Figs. 263-271.—Gomphus olivaceus. 263. Male, segment 2. 264-266. Male, segment 10. 267. Vulva. 268. Female, occiput. 269-271. Male, left, lees) 2. ea a ee. eee eee Figs. 272-280.—Gomphus sobrinus. 272. Male, segment 2. 273-275. Male, appendages. 276-277. Vulva. 278. Female, occiput. 279-280. Color pattern 2.42222" 3 2- =s e ee Figs. 281-289.—Gomphus donneri. 281. Male, segment 2. 282-285. Male, appendages. 286. Vulva. 287. Female, occiput. 288-289. Color pat- Tern a3 = 2 Figs. 290-293, 299-805.—Gomphus sobrinus. 290-293. Male, appendages. 299-305. Color variation. 294-278, 299-3808.—Gomphus donneri. 294- 298. Male, appendages. 306-308. Color variation._._____________.____ Figs. 309-310.—Gomphus donneri. 309. Curve representing about 50 specimens. 310. Same curve as 309 reduced to periods of 10. 311- 312.—Gomphus sobrinus. 311. Curve representing about 50 specimens. 312. Same curve as 311 reduced) to periods of 1052) ee Fig. 313.—Gompkus sobrinus, variations in the anal area in the male hind PUVA TN OS eS nN a a ee Fig. 314.—Gomphus olivaceus nevadensis, nymph. 315.—Gomphus intri- catus, nymph. 316.—Gomphus donneri, nymph. 317.—Gomphus sobri- US, MY MPN. ae See bes Ce ee ee ee Figs. 318-320.—Gomphus olivaceus nevadensis, nymph. 318. Mentum. 319. Mental lobe. 320. Segments 8-10. 321-323.—Gomphus intricatus. 324-325.—Gomphus donneri. 326-3828.—Goemphus sobrinus___------~- Figs. 329-341.—Octogomphus specularis. 329. Segment 2 of male. 330- 831. Male, appendages. 332-333. Male, appendages as applied to head of female. 334. Female, segments 9-10. 3835. Thoracic color in a Pasadena, Cal., female. 336-339. Variation in color of segment 9 in male; ..340=341..; Color-pattern.=.—-.— =. ee eee Pago. 541 545 546 556 560 564 566 569 569 571 573 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. Figs. 342-352.—Octogomphus specularis, nymph. 342-346. Nymphs. 347. Head. 348. Mentum. 349. Mental detail. 850. Male, appendages. Sol Os eM MC me DENCH SCS ake wea ea wer see SS ee Figs. 353-382.—Aeshna interrupita nevadensis. 353-354. Color pattern. 355. Male, appendages. 356-875. Thoracic color variations. 376-379. Nymph. 377. Vulva. 378. Male, appendages. 379. Mentum. 380-381. sSesmentseoiand: 1Oiof females “S825 Were. es Figs. 383-392.— Aeshna walkeri. 383-384. Color pattern. 385. Male, ap- pendages. 386. Hamules. 3887-390. Color, segments 9 and 10 of male. 391. Frons. 392. Female, segments 9 and 10. 393-898.—Aeshna pal- mata. 399-402.—Aeshna walkeri, nymph. 400. Mentum. 401. Vulva. 402. Female, appendages. 403.—Aeshna palmata, nymph, female, ap- pendages. 404.—Aeshna constricta, male, appendages___._.____________ XTIT Page. 580 2S a ae eae ¥ oe erat wee we ee nA ye a a | oi 7 = - ee ry ; a a e Wen ; eet Soe os he we ise “ania ' bani ae e ae ee nee a Ne ake ray an ft; =.» Pe oe Sethe Mia alae me ') — - = oe ; = ou r, 4 he r 7 ig i nae oe , aoe ?. bet ene ae G ns ie = = SENET eR oa =) ha x; Aiea In iy Ny Sis. Sin Colfer ap Gi Sogensig”, antec ia scl Oe A aon alll : 1. acu as =a beige dba aa ttt Te ‘ee een. Sieh, Shs ae Onurns oes = Shee ey <* .* = Roan ay af epi Beat pete 6 -F een . / a zielt ae “at. Saree ate aie! ft hed tage a sta eh ih = Sega ‘ta re. 1 etl, Jeepbn pon fo nn i rida: a ee inane eect a b — mt eer ie ce hist Dy sete Fame) ahaie oie otes was sah a > tae i es as DATE: We: tam nie ARE tase ae Pica Lat See Rie ne 7 TT ai Se ae ie et vane Medes ancl tenn. a ni see Ba eras oe ore "(ees Waco ene Bal ~ agebdega ei, Mi a 7 vag a aes é 2 ie : oh ey Sad 1, hy ‘i ie i bait -~ a = ae meas We ee ae Ure y wr 7 nn as! : re) ' etek Ta" ahi: aes a ' Oo a, I > al i coe a or rads i ry sag ts “Foe Heat eae 0 ‘Wee : we ie ee oe ede! ore 5g Als <4 i 5 re sae Poupte’ ha wore . vase nit wisn tee We ene - / ae en — eA Pe ate agit oe \ 7 7 et 3) ¥" ps ale Ss ee mar y a Ue 2s—19 ty ae bs =" ee v= i 7 ahve it , - e (i “oo i 7 - ae fi) a } ve ad a a She Es , : a ee oars 2nd i al = Fh 7 i Ve _ ~ ' “3 a ei ee, Toss 7 oe : iy tan a “se ta eae at cm tau cae ; eo bi. hn Gap deta rs 4 =? =a = ~ =I = or o sf a in - P.*; te eee ae an ‘“"e is ie! i - 7 Lp os fy ty: ae, ie o i, ua i c? tae eee a < PP 1 eee = oe a yr, aed ce. vie sta ; a -_% a 4 qe) io i LO ae = a yi > a> - - - = | iss ereme 8 ie o. tas ers ere a hod A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO. By Joun BERNARD PARKER, Associate Professor of Biology, Catholic University of America. INTRODUCTION. This revision is based upon a careful study of the collection of Bembicine wasps found in the United States National Museum and of collections in possession of the institutions mentioned below. The writer has also examined the types found in the collections of the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia and of the American Museum of Natural History. Although this work was undertaken as a taxonomic revision of the tribe for North America north of Mexico, it has been thought proper to include a very brief summary of what has been done by other investigators on the biology of several species of these wasps and also to add the results of the writer’s own observations. The Bembicini is a tribe of solitary wasps belonging to the group Fossores or digger wasps. This tribe and the Stizini compose the family Bembicidae. Among these wasps the individuals are either male or female, and the latter constructs her nest alone and pro- vides for her offspring. These nests are burrows digged in the ground, usually in sandy places, and, although each female con- structs a burrow for herself, the wasps generally nest in colonies, which may be made up of several species. The most prominent characters distinguishing the Bembicine wasps are the non-folded wings lying flat on the back, the three closed cubital cells of the anterior wing, of which cells the second receives both discoidal cross veins, the absence of a prepectus, the prominently exserted labrum, and the lack of developed ocelli. The descriptions, both specific and generic, are based upon a study of the specimens at hand. The original descriptions of all previously described species have been carefully studied and the identification of specimens at hand based thereon. In describing new species the type-specimen, whether male or female, is described first, and con- sequently the description is that of a single individual. ‘This is PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 52—No. 2173. 65008°—Proe.N.M.vol.52—17——1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEU. VOL. 52. followed by a description of the allotype, if available, and by com- ments upon the variations and peculiarities of the species as shown by paratypes when the new species is described from a number ot specimens. In the case of species already described a detailed description of each sex is given whenever both sexes were represented in the collections, and these descriptions, except where noted, are based not upon single individuals but upon the groups of specimens at hand. The drawings of the wings are made from projections of balsam mounts and are all enlarged on the same scale. The figures of all other parts are camera lucida drawings and, save where noted in the explanation of the plates, are drawn exactly on the same scale of magnification. Consequently these drawings show accurately the relative size of similar structures on the various species. All draw- ings are the work of the writer save Nos. 213 and 216, which are the work of Mr. Noel Deisch. The generic name Monedula Latreille (1802) must be dropped, as Fox has pointed out,' since it is preoccupied in ornithology by Mone- dula Hasselquist (1762). Iliger was aware of this prior use of the term and proposed the name Stictia? to replace it. The species included in the genus Monedula, as given in Handlirsch’s mono- graph, fall into four groups that possess characters sufficiently dis- tinct to warrant, in the writer’s judgment, their separation into good genera. To one group the generic name Stictia must be applied and this genus is represented by the species carolina Fabricius and signata Linnaeus. For the second the name of Stictiella is proposed, with the species formosa Cresson as the type. For the third the sub- generic name Hemidula Burmeister must be raised to generic rank with singularis Taschenberg as the type. For the fourth a generic name is yet to be proposed and it can not properly be done here since none of the species belonging in this group are found within the region covered by this revision. The writer desires to acknowledge here his indebtedness to Prof. Herbert Osborn, of the Ohio State University, under whose super- vision and direction this work has been done; to the authorities of the United States National Museum for valuable assistance rendered in the course of the work, and for the privilege of laboratory facilities and access to its collections and library. The writer further desires to express his appreciation of the kindness of the following gentlemen in placing at his disposal collections of Bembicine wasps found in the institutions with which they are (or were) respectively connected: Dr. H. T. Fernald, Massachusetts Agricultural College; Prof. George A. Dean, Kansas State Agricultural College; Dr. J. C. Bradley, Cornell University; Dr. S. Graenicher, Public Museum of Milwaukee; Dr. Henry Skinner, American Entomological Society of Philadelphia; UR es EE a ———————E—e 1 Ent. News, 1901, p. 269. 2 Fauna Etrusca, vol. 2. > NO. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. o Mr. Charles Schaeffer, Brooklyn Institute; Mr. F. X. Williams, University of Kansas; Dr. F. EK. Lutz, American Museum of Natural History; and Mr. W. T. Davis, Staten Island, New York. ANATOMY. Inasmuch as this work is primarily concerned with a taxonomic revision of the genera and species included, anatomy need be con- sidered only in so far as it has to do with the generic and specific characters used in classification. With this consideration in mind a brief discussion is given below of the anatomy of the Bembicine wasp, such as is deemed sufficient to enable the reader, who is pre- sumed to be familar with entomological literature, to understand and use intelligently the terms employed in the generic and specific descriptions. The head is vertical, large, and freely movable upon the pro- thorax. The compound eyes are large, arched, more or less oval in outline, and naked in all species herein described. Their borders are entire, neither incised nor emarginate. The mouth parts con- sist of a prominent labrum, a pair of well-developed, pointed man- dibles, and a proboscis composed of the highly specialized maxillae and labium. The clypeus is prominent and well defined and varies somewhat in general outline among the genera. The frons from its union with the clypeus, which is marked by an evident suture, extends upward between the compound eyes and joins the vertex, there being no evident dividing line between the two. The antennae are inserted on the frons and are made up of 13 segments in the males and of 12 in the females. The first segment is known as the scape; the remaining segments form the flagellum. The second segment of the antenna, that is, the first segment of the flagellum is fre- quently called the pedicel, a term not used in my descriptions. The ocelli are not developed in this tribe of hymenoptera and their positions are marked by cicatrices. The anterior cicatrix is found upon the frons while the posterior pair is placed upon the vertex. The occiput is the dorsal part of the head posterior to the eyes and in these wasps is ill defined or wanting, the surface of the head posterior to the eyes being vertical and flat or concave. The temple is that part of the head behind the compound eye visible when the head is viewed from the side. The prothorax is relatively small; its posterior dorsal border is frequently referred to as the collar and there is a rounded posterior prolongation on either side near the base of the wings to which the term tubercle is applied. The dorsum of the mesothorax is com- posed of two sclerites of which the anterior is called in my descrip- tions the scutum, which is equivalent to the term dorsulum of other writers. The posterior sclerite is the scutellum. The dorsum of 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52. the metathorax is the metanotum, more commonly called the post- scutellum. The true first segment of the abdomen is solidly fused with the thorax and is variously termed the median segment, middle segment, or propodeum. In some of the earlier descriptions of species the dorsum of this segment is erroneously called the metanotum. The term abdomen is applied to that part of the body which is posterior to the median segment and movably attached thereto. Although this is, as a matter of fact, an incorrect use of the term, I have adhered to a practice that has been universal, and conse- quently the segment that is herein called the first abdominal seg- 70 “4 42 a WINGS OF STICTIA CAROLINA FABRICIUS.—VEINS: 1, COSTAL; 2, BASAL; 3, DISCOIDAL; 4, SUBCOSTAL; 5, MEDIAN; 6, SUBMEDIAN; 7, SUBMEDIAN CROSS=TRANSVERSE MEDIAN OF CRESSON; 8, RADIAL; 9, THIRD CUBITAL CROSS; 10, SECOND CUBITAL CROSS; 11, FIRST CUBITAL CROSS; 12, CUBITUS; 13, FIRST DISCOIDAL CROSS= FIRST RECURRENT OF CRESSON; 14, SECOND DISCOIDAL CROSS=SECOND RECURRENT OF CRESSON. CELLS: A, COSTAL; B, RADIAL; C, FIRST CUBITAL; D, SECOND CUBITAL; E, THIRD CUBITAL; F, MEDIAN; G, SUBMEDIAN; H, SECOND SUBMEDIAN=SECOND DISCOIDAL OF CRESSON; I, FIRST DISCOIDAL; J, SECOND DISCOIDAL= THIRD DISCOIDAL OF CRESSON; K, ANAL; L, BASAL LOBE; M, BASAL SINUS; N, ANAL SINUS; R, RETINACULUM. ment is in reality the second. Each abdominal segment is composed externally of an arched dorsal plate and a flat ventral plate; the former is termed the tergite, the latter the sternite. The abdomen of the female is composed of six visible segments; that of the male of seven. The eighth segment of the male is concealed and bears the genitalia. The sixth tergite of the female in some species shows a more or less conspicuous lateral ridge at either side and when these ridges are present the area between them is termed the pygidial area or pygi- dium. The second sternite of the male, or the second and also the sixth, frequently shows a median special structure various in form and variously referred to as a process, tubercle, tooth, or spine. The wings lie flat when at rest and the general type of venation is shown in the sketch above. * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 5 KEY TO GENERA, 1. Anterior ocellar cicatrix circular or eliptical in form, sometimes placed in a pit... .2. 1. Anterior ocellar cicatrix linear, transverse, straight or curved, in a few species the ecelusmor conmplerely obliterated saws. Sc maj c midline, lateral spots on sternites 2-3 and occasionally on 4, tarsi above more or less, light creamy or faintly greenish yellow. Tibiae except a broad stripe on inner surface of posterior pair, distal extremi- ties of femora, orange-yellow. When seen from above the ultimate segment of the flagellum is roundly pointed at the apex, and segments 6-11 on their posterior sur- faces show more or less well-marked prominences. Segments 6-12 bear pits on their posterior surfaces most conspicuous on segment 6. There is a conspicuous tooth on the underside of the apical end of the middle femora, which, when the legs are folded, is covered by a dila- tion on the posterior side of the base of the metatarsus. There is a trace of a median carina on the second sternite, and on tergite 6 there is a small, weakly developed median tubercle, behind which there is a transverse area more finely sculptured than the surrounding surface. The ultimate tergite is notched at the tip and each lateral angle is produced into a broad truncated spine. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except tips, clypeus except usually a pair of black spots basally variable in size, pair of spots continuous with the apical border of frons, scape below; anterior and narrow posterior orbits; broken line on posterior border of pronotum; No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 21 tubercles, spot on mesopleura posterior to tubercles, pair of small lateral spots on scutellum, sometimes wanting; spot on lateral angles of median segment, fascia on first tergite broad, interrupted and deeply emarginate medially, second interrupted medially and emar- ginate on either side of the midline anteriorly, third broken into four spots, fourth and fifth reduced to lateral spots; lateral spots on stern- ites 2-4, sometimes 2-5, femora distally; tibiae except more or less of posterior surfaces, tarsi, yellow or pale greenish yellow. Length.—24-28 mm. This handsome insect is our largest representative of the Bem- bicinit. The variation in the markings is not wide but is more preva- lent in the male than in the female. The distribution of the light and dark areas on the labrum and clypeus of the male differs with almost every individual, the prevailing pattern being set forth in the description above. The shade of the color of the markings is quite varied on the male, less so on the female. The wings are slightly infumated. The coxae, trochanters, and femora, except more or less of the apical ends, are black; the tribiae and tarsi are yellow, with more or less black below; the apical segment of the tarsi ?s somewhat dilated and in the male is mostly black. The pubescence is nowhere con- spicuous except on the vertex, and the sculpturing on the body is fine and close. The labium in both sexes is covered with coarse, shallow, scattered punctures, and the apical portion of the ultimate tergite of the male is quite similarly punctured. The ultimate tergite of the female is densely and rather coarsely punctured and the apical portion appears somewhat rugose. Habitat—Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, and IJinois. Number of specimens examined—males, 26; females, 19. STICTIELLA, new genus. Monedula Hanvuirscu and Authors (part). Type of the genus.— Monedula formosa Cresson. The species belonging to this genus are on the whole more slender than those of the genera Stictia and Bembizx, resembling more closely those of the genus Steniolia. In length they vary from 10 to 20 milli- meters. The head when viewed from in front is broader than long. In the majority of species it is about as broad as the thorax; in a few, however, it is distinctly narrower than the thorax. The compound eyes are large, strongly arched and naked. The facets near the inner border are very slightly larger than those on the outer. The inner margins of the eyes are usually subparallel, occasionally divergent at the vertex. The lower margin reaches the base of the mandible. The precipitous posterior surface of the head is concave and the 99, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. temples are narrow. The ocellar cicatrices are circular or nearly so and are sunk in pits, the anterior one having a conspicuous elevation round about it. The outer border of the mandible is entire, the inner is provided with one or two teeth and the apex is simple. The labrum is longer than broad at the base, not strongly arched, roundly truncate at the apex, but not emarginate. The maxillae are well developed, rela- tively as long as in the genus Sttctia, half conical in shape and forming a tube enclosing the tongue which is strongly divided at the apex. The maxillary palpi are composed of six segments and the labial of four. The clypeus is much broader than long, and very slightly arched. There is no proximal median carina and no distal flattened median area. The distal border is curved. The antennae are inserted on the frons quite close to the clypeus and their insertions divide the distance between the compound eyes into three equal parts. In the male the antenna consists of thirteen segments, in the female of twelve. The flagellum of the male seldom shows conspicuous sec- ondary sexual modifications, and consequently is of little use in the separation of species. The dorsum of the thorax is relatively flat, but the posterior border of the prothorax is much below the level of the scutum, and the tubercles do not reach the tegulae. The suture between the sternum and the episternum of the mesothorax is obliterated. The median segment is short, its lateral angles are rounded, and its posterior sur- face nearly vertical and flat. The dorsal middle-field is clearly defined and is broadly continued on the posterior surface. The wings are usually clear, rarely somewhat infumated. The radial cell at its distal end is narrowed and rounded and lies on the costal border of the wing. The first cubital cell in length exceeds the second and third combined. The first cubital cross vein is usually straight, in some species slightly bent near its junction with the cubitus but never so strongly as in the case of Stictia or Bembiz. In many species the second cubital cell is about as wide on the radial as it is on the cubitus, but in others this cell is decidedly narrowed on the radial. It receives both discoidal cross veins. The third cubital cross vein is strongly bent outward, but its form and consequently the form of the third cubital cell vary somewhat in the different species. This cell extends as far toward the distal end of the wing as the distal end of the radial cell, and the angle formed by the radial and third cubital cross veins and opening outward is acute. The first submedian cell is longer than the second, which increases in breadth toward its distal end. The basal vein arises a short distance proxi- mal to the distal end of the submedian cell. On the hind wing the retinaculum, consisting of an unbroken row of hooklets, begins a short distance proximal to the origin of the No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 23 radial vein, which extends almost to the apical border of the wing. The median cell is long and distally bears two longitudinal veins (prolongations of the cubitus and radial) extending to near the border of the wing. The cubital vein arises at some distance from the sub- median cell. The posterior angle of this cell, formed by the junction of the submedian and submedian cross veins is obtuse. The legs are relatively long and slender and, as in related genera, the middle coxae are not contiguous. In the female the combs of the anterior tarsi are strongly developed; in the males they are weakly developed or lacking. In the case of the male of many species the middle femora are serrate, dentate or emarginate. Likewise the middle metatarsus may be curved, in which case the inner curved surface may or may not bear a number of spines. In many species the tarsal segments especially the ultimate segments are more or less dilated and flat- tened. The tarsal claws are long, slender, and simple, but in one species those of the first pair of legs are modified and are not sym- metrical. In many species the pulvilli are large and conspicuous; in others, much reduced or lacking. In one species the hind femora are emarginate. The male genital armature consists of a basal piece (cardo), which bears the lateral stipites, the median spatha below which lie the sag- ittae. The stipites are large, more or less strongly chitinized, variable in form but never similar in general outline to those of Stictia. The median spatha is deeply cleft at the distal end, the two parts strongly chitinized, rounded and curved downward. At some distance from the distal end of the spatha on either side there is a short projection, like the barb of an arrow, somewhat similar to that found in the case of Bembiz. As in related genera the sagitta is divided near its base into two parts. The inner division is strongly chitinized, rounded, curved and usually ends in a sort of hook. In the exserted genitalia the inner divisions of the two sagittae lie side by side directly below the spatha. The outer division of the sagitta is the shorter of the two, less strongly chitinized and usually somewhat hirsute. KEY TO SPECIES. Males. 1. Medial metatarsus more or less strongly curved; inner curved surface frequently beset with several spines. 10 oe! Sie eile eects US acs bam cele delete aire 2. ee Medialemetatarsus: NOUGCULVEd m2 = s1t ee se cic ee cere eee ein earn ere ike Ser eee 12. PaSecoud sternite nontuberculates. «cme sic co ores Sent ae eee eon se eee oases 3: 2. Second sternite unituberculate .........-..-- SAREE Tt ARS ie dy ROS aR EE ps ae a Te PmaSecconasternite: bib berculate ee ces cee ne = ee yee ee oye ioe eis ee ener 8. SeeMiedialiemora smooth beneath +52 2202.2 = 222s secse be. eo See. 2 pictifrons. oeeviedial temorayserrate of dentate pemeath = = 2 sats ees neyana se ctactecs ect eee 4, 4. Pulvilli large and distinct; apical segment of all tarsi black; those of the anterior Pai duated ang flattened: -2 So 2sen ses. Na ae oe ake tes Ss eee nels ormosa. Apel villagindistinetstarsienormalieyn sss see recess ose se asineies oe ence oe 5. co oo 10. 10. 11. ne 12. 12. 13. 13. 13. 14. 14. 15. 15. 16. 16. Onn FF on BB OO on PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 52. . Scutum with discal marks; abdominal fasciae all continuous. - ....melanosterna. . Scutum without discal marks; no continuous fasciae on venter of abdomen....-..- 6. . Wings distinctly infumated; lateral ventral spots on abdomen not confined to Stermites 2: anG'S soccer Sener toes Geto ere Rear ee to ty ee serrata. . Wings hyaline; lateral ventral spots on abdomen lacking or confined to sternites Zand: Bib See Joie sweiee Hi ao Saag ccc min ees et ietab eet es ae plana. . Apical segment of fore tarsus broadly dilated and black; process on second sternite blunt and stronely hirsute distally@...-222.2.)-350 sce cece ae es tuberculata. . Apical segment of fore tarsus normal and yellow; process on second sternite pointed andismooth distally 2.04.2. Shes eee A .--callista. . Medial femora smooth; head narrower than thorax ..........---<-:-000-2.<-9. . Medial femora dentate or serrate below; head normal ....-....-.--.-..--...- 10. . Width of the second cubital cell on the radial vein and on the cubital about equal; second sternite almost wholly yellow ---.-.--.. Soa Saha ard ee bituberculata. . Width of the second cubital cell on the radial vein about half its width on the eubital; sécond sternite mostly black: ....2/22/2-as22\. 3205. ot emarginata, Pulvilli indistinct; apical segment of tarsi normal.............-..-- pulchella. Pulvilli distinct; apical segment of tarsi black; anterior pair dilated_........ it: Large and stout, 18-20 mm; fasciae on tergites broad and except first continuous; second inclosing pair of black medial spots; fasciae on sternites 1-5 continuous or narrowly interrupted.) <2 27 Se See ere ee aes ey eee speciosa. Slender, about 15 mm; fasciae on tergites interrupted on 1 or on 1-3, leaving on one or more of these tergites a pair of yellow medial spots; yellow on sternites in: the form of lateral spoteie aici 5 i/o jo ese a re i at eee melampous, Head, thorax, base of abdomen and basal joints of legs covered with long, white, dense pubescence; most specimens but not all have the second sternite bitu- DOT CUTS soos ols sie crete sjnrei Gre ee 2S ee ale Soe villosa. Pubescence of head, thorax, etc. of normal character ...............-.---.-- lee Second stemite nontuberculatée 4522. 52.52.45. te. 28: Geese eae tenuicornis. Second: sternite waituberculate, oc. nn8 o3sinS mig oe'3 na eee ee megacera. second stexmiute: bituberculate .\.s. sce 2 eetsnd 4asdse oe ee 14, Medial femora of normal form, not emarginate - ee s/Siain; os cine Se a eee Medial femora more or less strongly emarginate Dostana Sor te a ee 16. Scutumiwith a pair of late discalmatks.5 749255242 S522 eee eee exigua. Scutum: without discal-marke J... so Ace 2a sheath eA ee pulla. Scape black above; mesosternum marked with black; genital stipes as in fig. COR a Sins ho Bin Be ate arn ie es RE ee ee lee ae eee femorata, Scape entirely yellow; mesosternum yellow; genital stipes as in fig. 79. .divergens. Females. Pulvillitdistinetics 2 222: Jueke an et eee ee eee eee 2. SPulvalliindishinet,< oo 2228s so ae eee oe oe 13. scttum without discal markinies ..4.)7 Wess. 2.42 oec2 a kee eee ee 3. . Scutum with discal marks more or less well developed .......-.---.-----+--- 5. . Head narrower than thorax; width of second cubital cell on the radial vein anode halite widthsom the culbitaliverse yee ees nee emarginata. . Head normal, wide as thorax; second cubital cell normal ................----- 4, . Spots on scutellum rectangular; spots on either side anterior ocellus...... pulla, . Spots on scutellum triangular; V-shaped spot inclosing anterior ocellus.megacera. . Discal marks consisting of a pair of irregular spots, or of lines not broken, not curved inward or approximated posteriorly _..........--..-«------+---+--- 6. . Discal marks in form of a U, either unbroken, interrupted medially, or broken — into lines'and spots = <32-.c:. Stee dee ee ts . Scutellum with pair of large rectangular lateral spots ......-..--..-------- pulla. 7 no. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER,. 25 6. Scutelium with a continuous fascia, rarely narrowly interrupted on the median iT) CMe ene eae SM oS Sk PRS IAS aele in Suits eons oe aeleee wc pictifrons. 7. Second sternite more or less black; its lateral yellow spots sometimes connected Le mliysmees ORO ects via: corer se Lim late radal ett! «wave wae ets orale’aje'=|a\2\a/sials ere oisisiatediaieie'= 8. Zan second sternite wholhy) yellows 215-345-205 Sos tecle eee atats aioe Ga ni= eijele wie 10. 8. Species small, 10-12 mm.; discal marks narrow and broken; fasciae on tergites rather narrow, wavy, scarcely to be considered emarginate ..-...---. femorata. 8. Species larger, 16-20 mm. ; discal marks two broad lines curved and approximated posteriorly; fasciae on Hersites broad and emarginated anteriorly............ 9. 9. Tergites without posterior black border; posterior tarsi save basal joint dusky OME eect BR ela cg. ciae ae re Se oi Suop ie Sees 5 cia) Sapalnlate Sid altlala a's speciosa, 9. Tergites with a posterior black border; posterior tarsi yellow..........-- formosa. 10. Species large, 16-20 mm......- Bp Pin ten Spe Rie ee elma an aye eat wenn a Ne ee ial f@mopecies small, 1Q mm... 20... 2.s<--- 200s. - sens eect 2 snes Snes eeee anes 12: 11. Scape yellow; black spot on mesosternum near middle coxae....... tenwicornis. 11. Scape with black spot above: mesosternum yellow.........------ bituberculata. 12. Fascia of first tergite inclosing a medial black spot basally; head, thorax and base of abdomen sparsely covered with long white pubescence, most evident on legeralancles of median sesment. f= 2... 2s 2 owes siainie eine so tiene scitula. 12. Fascia of first tergite without medial black spot; not pubescent as above; face and sides of thorax more or less silvery. ......-.-.-----2------ 20-22 eee eeee exigua. fomccutuny withoue discalmarkings: 11) 223 56550226 aes eh. Sete eae eee oe 14. oersoutum with discal markimess 222.252. 528 o2ke o cic tees sete - sel ates 15. 14. Mesopleura immaculate; fascia of first tergite interrupted widely ........- serrata. 14. Mesopleura with large yellow spot; fasciae on tergites all continuous. ... pulchella. 15. Discal marks on scutum small; mesopleura black, rarely with smal! maculations; venter of abdomen almost entirely black-". 0.32023) s.0. 2 cite te ceeces 16. 15. Discal marks on scutum conspicuous; mesopleura yellow; venter of abdomen almost entarely yellow. .cwcs NO. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 30 tum approximated medially, fascia on metanotum, small oblique spots on dorsum of median segment, the lateral angles more or less and spot on sides of median segment, all absent on the type specimen, narrow vertical lme on anterior border of mesopleurae, fascia on first tergite broad laterally, interrupted and narrowed to a point medially, fasciae on tergites 2-5 narrowly interrupted medially or continuous, with broad, shallow, anterior, medial emargination deepest on tergite 2, on which the fascia is the broadest, fascia on tergite 6 broken or complete, lateral spots on ultimate tergite, lateral spots on sternites 2 and 8, which may be absent, spot below on anterior and middle coxae, anterior and middle trochanters apically, anterior and middle femora except stripe above, posterior femora distally, tibiae except spot below on anterior pair, and tarsi, greenish yellow or yellowish- white. The apical segment of the flagellum is curved; the middle femora bear below a number of spines; the middle metatarsi are slightly curved on the inner side, which basally bears a row of four rather stout spines and apically a few very short ones. The second sternite is plain and the eighth is without a discal spine. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, lower border of clypeus, scape below, space between antennae, spot below anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, narrow posterior orbits, line, sometimes broken, on posterior dorsal border of pronotum, tubercles and line leading downward from them, spot on tegulae, lateral spots above them and a pair of small discal spots on scutum, fascia on scutelhim inter- rupted medially, short fascia on metanotum, pair of oblique lateral Imes on dorsum of median segment, small spot on lateral angles, and another on sides of median segment, fascia on first tergite, interrupted medially and broadly emarginate on anterior middle, fascia. on 2-4 continuous, all broadly, and that on second deeply emarginate on anterior middle, fascia on fifth narrow and interrupted medially, minute lateral spots on second sternite, anterior femora below, mid- dle and posterior femora distally, tibiae more or less above, greenish yellow or yellowish white. In both sexes the flagellum is testaceous below, the wings hyaline, pulvilli indistinct, and pubescence short, sparse, and not conspicuous. The tarsi of the female except the anterior pair, which show some yellow markings, are dusky almost black in some specimens; the mid- die and posterior pairs, as in the male, are very slender with all the segments except the ultimate one provided at their distal ends with long straight spines. The tarsal combs on the anterior pair are well developed in the female, but in the male only feebly. The claws are very slender and but slightly curved. Length.—12-14 millimeters. Habitat.—Kansas, South Dakota. Number of specimens examined—Males, 2; females, 3. 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——3 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. STICTIELLA TUBERCULATA Fox. Figs. 54, 55, 101, 102. Stictia tuberculata Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 566. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except tips, clypeus except marginal line at base, scape and basal flagellar segments below, space between antennae, pair of minute spots below anterior ocellus, anterior orbits, posterior orbits, line on posterior border of pronotum, sides of prothorax almost entirely, elongated irregular spot on mesopleurae, large spot on metapleurae, spots on side of median segment, short lateral lines on scutum above base of wings, triangular lateral spots on scutellum approximated medially, fascia on metanotum, oblique lines on dorsum of median segment and spots on its posterior sur- face, larger part of lateral angles of same, fascia of first tergite broken into pair of spots broad laterally, fasciae on remaining tergites continuous, broadly emarginate medially on anterior border and slightly sinuate laterally, ultimate tergite and sternite apically, broad continuous fasciae on other sternites narrowed medially, legs except more or less black on trochanters, black lines above on all femora, and black ultimate segment of tarsi, yellow. Length.—14 mm. The ultimate segment of the antenna is longer than its immediate predecessor, narrowed somewhat distally, rounded at the apex, and distinctly curved. The middie femora are serrate; the middle tibiae are distinctly dilated distally, resembling those of formosa in this respect; the middle metatarsi are curved and bear a group of spines near the base; and the ultimate segment of all tarsi is black and that of the anterior pair is distinctly dilated. The dilation of the last segment of the anterior tarsus is not symmetrical, being much more prominent on the posterior than on the anterior border of the seg- ment. Thesecond sternite bears a prominent median process decidedly hirsute in character. This is a well-marked and distinct species. Habitat Nevada. Number of specimens examined—Males, 2; females, 0. Type.—In the collection of American Entomological Society of Philadelphia. STICTIELLA CALLISTA, new species. Figs. 56, 85, 103. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus except narrow black basal border, lower part of frons prolonged upward between antennae and narrowly separated from a broad V-shaped spot enclosing the anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, scape below, broad posterior orbits connected across the vertex and produced downward on either side the mid line of the occiput, prothorax except No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. oo median anterior dorsal spot and dusky line in front of tubercles, tegulae, broad lateral lines and U-shaped discal mark interrupted on posterior middle on scutum, broad fascia on scutellum narrower medi- ally, metanotum, broad curved fascia on dorsum of median segment produced medially in a pair of triangular points on its posterior surface, likewise its lateral angles broadly and sides entirely, meta- pleurac, mesopleurae, and mesosternum except spot in front of mid- dle coxae, broad fasciae on tergites, first deeply and roundly emar- ginate on anterior middle, and somewhat narrowed medially on pos- terior border and acutely notched on the midline, second with a nar- row transverse median spot on either side the midline, third, fourth and fifth each with a wide but not very deep emargination on anterior middle, which is squarely notched with yellow on its posterior mid- dle, sixth shghtly biemarginate on anterior border, apex of ultimate tergite, sternites entirely except median anterior black spots on ster- nites 3-6, which are hidden when the abdomen is slightly flexed, coxae, trochanters except spot above, femora except stripe above, tibiae except. spot below on anterior pair, and tarsi, bright lemon yellow. The middle femora are distinctly serrate below; the middle meta- tarsi are curved, and basally on the inner side bear three stout spines. The second sternite bears a prominent tubercle and the sixth api- cally on the median line bears a distinct, somewhat triangular hump or elevation. The eighth below is strongly hirsute, the middle spine is long, stout and curved, and a discal spine is wanting. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, lower part of frons prolonged upward between antennae and narrowly separated from a broad V-shaped spot about the anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits reaching almost to the posterior orbits on vertex, scape except apical dusky spot above, broad posterior orbits connected across the posterior border of vertex, prothorax except median anterior dorsal spot, tegulae, lateral lines and broad U- shaped discal mark on scutum, broad fascia on seutellum, metanotum, median segment entirely except a narrow curved black border adjoining metanotum and narrow black lines bordering the oblique sutures on dorsum and posterior surface, sides, and venter of mesothorax and metathorax, broad fasciae on tergites 1-5, first with a median anterior bilobed black spot, second with a median elliptical black spot on either side the midline, third, fourth, and fifth biemarginate on anterior middle, first to fourth slightly notched on posterior middle, ultimate tergite except three black emargina- tions at base, sternites entirely except more or less black Becully on 4-6, legs entirely except spots on trochanters and stripes on femora above bright lemon yellow. Length.—18-20 mm. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 52. On both sexes the flagellum is testaceous below with the first and second segments yellowish. The ultimate segment is conical at the apex and on the male is slightly curved. The pulvilli are indistinct in both sexes and the pubescence is decidedly short and sparse; the female is almost nude. The wings are hyaline and long, the veins brown. On both male and female the fasciae on tergites 1-5 are slightly notched on posterior middle and on the males the anterior emargination on the third fascia may take the form of a pair of median spots similar to those on the preceding fascia. On some males the clypeus lacks the black basal border and the posterior orbits may not be connected across the vertex. Two females from Arizona (collected by F. H. Snow), which I have referred to this species are extremely yellow; the prothorax, sides, and venter of mesothorax and metathorax, median segment, first four tergites, and the first two sternites, are entirely yellow. It is a beautiful species, and owing to its large size and bright colors it is not likely to be confused with any species except tenuicornis, from which it can be readily distinguished by the absence in this species of dis- tinct pulvilli in both sexes, by the absence of long spines on the lateral areas of the ultimate tergite of the female and by the pres- ence of the serrate femora and curved metatarsi of the middle legs and the unituberculate second sternite of the male. Habitat.—New Mexico, Arizona. Number of specimens examined—males, 4; females, 3. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 19806, U.S.N.M. STICTIELLA BITUBERCULATA, new species. Figs. 57, 58, 86, 104. Monedula tenwicornis Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 369, male (not female). Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, lower part of frons, broad anterior orbits, broad V-shaped spot inclosing anterior ocellus, posterior orbits broad below but narrower above, a rather narrow line across the posterior border of pronotum, sides of prothorax except a dusky line in front of tubercles and a small round lateral spot above this line, tegulae, weak lateral lines above tegulae on scutum, lateral spots on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, sides and lateral angles of same, metapleurae, mesopleurae almost entirely, mesosternum except simall lateral spots in front and slightly above middle coxae, fasciae on tergites 1-6 are more or less perfectly broken into large rectangular lateral spots, and a pair of ellipsoidal medial posterior spots, apex of seventh tergite, sternites entirely except small lateral spots of first and small medial spots on 3-6, coxae, trochanters below, femora except broad stripe above, tibiae No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. ot except spot below on first pair and stripe on posterior pair, and tarsi, yellow or yellowish white. The medial spots on the tergites are decidedly white, as are also those on scutellum and metanotum. The clypeus is a very light yellow and the head is narrower than the thorax. The flagellum, long and slender, is tawny yellowish below, darkening toward the apex; segments 5-11 are faintly carinate posteriorly and the ultimate segment is slightly curved. The pulvilli are large and distinct, the middle femora smooth, and the basal half of the middle metatarsi is curved on its inner surface, which is not beset with spines. The second sternite bears two distinct, closely approximated but not large tubercles and the eighth bears a prominent discal spine. The wings are hyaline and the veins fuscous. Pubescence and puncta- tion are of the normal character. Genital stipes as in figure 58. Female—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, lower part of frons extended upward between antennae, scape except small spot above, basal segments of flagellum below, V-shaped spot inclos- ing anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits broad below, narrower above and prolonged upon vertex, posterior dorsal border and sides of prothorax, lateral lines on scutum, pair of longi- tudinal lines and pair of approximated spots on disk of scutum, fascia narrowed medially on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, broad curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, lateral angles and sides of same, fasciae on tergites 1-5 similar in pattern to those of the male but better developed and all continuous except the first, ulti- mate segment both above and below except at base, second sternite, broad fasciae on sternites 3-4 with shallow median emarginations, fascia on fifth biemarginate, legs except stripe above on femora and below on anterior tibiae, yellow. The color is much richer than that on the male. The flagellum above is dark; below and at the apex tawny. The wings are clear, less than twice the combined length of the thorax and median segment; the veins are brown. Length.—18 mim. Two males of this species before me differ greatly from the type in the extent of the maculations (but not at all in structure). The first, from the same locality as the type, is a trifle smaller; the yellow on the prothorax is much reduced; the dorsum of the thorax and middle segment is black except a pair of small lateral spots on the scutellum; there is an irregular line on the mesopleurae, a spot on the metapleurae and another on sides of median segment; the paired median spots on the dorsum of the abdomen are separated from one another and from the lateral spots on all segments except the sixth; and the black on the sternites and on the legs is somewhat more extended. In a word, the maculations on the specimen are reduced. 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. On another, a specimen from Arizona, the maculations are better developed than on the type; the spot inclosing the anterior ocellus is united with the yellow on the frons below; the posterior orbits extend in a broken line across the vertex; the prothorax except for a median anterior dorsal spot is wholly yellow; there are lateral yellow lines and a broken U-shaped discal mark on the scutum, a fascia on the scutellum, another on metanotum, and a curved fascia on dorsum of the median segment, which is extended on its posterior surface; the lateral angles broadly and the entire sides of the median segment, the mesopleurae, metapleurae, and the mesosternum are wholly yellow; the paired median spots on dorsum of abdomen are all united with the lateral spots and those on tergites 2 and 3 are united medially, thus forming continuous, though deeply emargi- nated, fasciae; and the black on the legs and sternites is much reduced. This species is characterized by a narrow head, the basally curved middle metatarsi destitute of spines, the pair of tubercles on the second ventral and the paired spots almost white in color on the dorsum of the abdomen. This species stands close to emarginata, from which it can be readily distinguished by its abdominal macula- tions and by the fact that the second cubital cell is almost square. In my judgment Fox erred in considering this species as the male of tenuicornis, and my reasons for so thinking are stated in my dis- cussion of that species. Habitat.—California, New Mexico, Arizona. Number of specimens examined—Males, 5; females, 1. Type.— Male, Cat. No. 19804, U.S.N.M. STICTIELLA EMARGINATA Cresson. Figs. 59, 60, 87, 105. Monedula emarginata Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 4, p. 468, female and male. Monedula mamillata Hanpurrscu, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Cl., vol. 99, 1890, p. 146. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except tips, clypeus, apical part of frons, scape below, usually a very small spot before anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, narrow posterior orbits, pair of trans- verse spots on posterior border of pronotum, spot on tegulae, lateral spots on scutellum, usually a narrow fascia on metanotum, rather narrow fasciae on tergites 1-6, first usually reduced to widely separ- ated lateral spots, second sometimes narrowly interrupted medially and widely and shallowly emarginate on anterior middle and some- times prolonged forward on either side the emargination, third, fourth, and fifth usually continuous and the anterior emargination reduced to undulations, sixth usually broken into three spots, apex of ultimate tergite, lateral spots or continuous fasciae on sternites 2-5, fascia on 6, femora apically more or less, tibie except frequently spot below, and tarsi, yellow or yellowish white. * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 39 The four males before me show an unusual amount of variation both in the maculations and in the color of same. On one specimen the body markings are decidedly white; on others bright lemon yellow. On a specimen from Kansas the dorsal fasciae are com- paratively broad and only the first is narrowly interrupted. On the same specimen there is a large spot on sides of prothorax. Another specimen from the same State shows a short pair of lateral lines on thescutum. The antennae show no special modifications; the middle femora are smooth below; the middle metatarsi are curved on the inner side medially and basally on the same side bear a row of about five or six comparatively stout spines. The second sternite bears a pair of short, pointed, prominent tubercles and the eighth a discal spine. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, space between antennae, scape below, very small spot in front of anterior ocellus extended slightly upon the vertex, very broad anterior orbits, moderately broad posterior orbits, pair of transverse spots on pos- terior border of pronotum, tubercles, spot on sides of prothorax, teg- ulae, usually short lateral lines above base of wings on scutum, lateral spots on scutellum narrowed medially and more or less approxi- mated, fascia on metanotum, spot on sides near lateral angles of median segment, rarely small spot on metapleurae, broad fasciae on tergites 1-5, first interrupted medially and anteriorly deeply emar- ginate in the middle, in some specimens cut through in such fashion as to leave a median posterior pair of spots, fasciae 2-5 biemarginate anteriorly on dorsum of tergite, apex of ultimate tergite and sternite, lateral spots on sternites 2-5, and small median posterior spots on 3-4, white or faintly yellowish white. Femora more or less, tibiae except spot below, and tarsi, yellow. The tarsi are more or less testaceous, especially the posterior pair. The first and also the sec- ond segment of the flagellum may be yellowish below. On some specimens the median abdominal ventral spots are wanting; on others the lateral spots are connected by apical lines. Length.—15-18 mm. In both sexes the head is narrower than the thorax and the white, dense, rather short pubescence on the head, thorax and base of abdo- men is somewhat better developed on the male than on the female. The pulvilli are distinct in both sexes. The wings are slightly in- fumated and the width of the second cubital cell on the radial vein is about half its width on the cubitus. It seems highly probable that Handlirsch’s mamillata is identical with this species, and I have so considered it. In his description of the male Cresson makes no mention of tubercles on the second ster- nite. Ihave, however, examined the specimens of this species in the collection of the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Von. 52. among which is the type of the species, and the males there agree with the description given above. All specimens that I have referred to this species, both males and females, have the second cubital cell narrowed on the radial vein, and all the Males have the second ster- nite bituberculate, thus agreeing with Handlirsch’s mamillata. Habitat—New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas. Number of specimens examined—males, 9; females, 14. STICTIELLA PULCHELLA Cresson. Figs. 61, 62, 88, 106. Monedula pulchella Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 4, 1865, p. 471, female and male. Monedula minutula Hanpurrscu, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Cl., vol. 99, 1890, p. 148, female. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, apical half of clypeus, pair of minute spots on frons below and between antennae, pair of spots laterad of the insertion of antennae prolonged upward as exceedingly narrow anterior orbits, comparatively broad posterior orbits, broken line on posterior border of pronotum, tubercles con- nected with an irregular spot on side of prothorax, spot on tegulae, small lateral spots on seutellum, narrow broken fascia on metano- tum, spot on lateral angles and spiracles of median segment, spot on metapleurae, two small spots on mesopleurae, widely separated lateral spots on first tergite, continuous fasciae on tergites 2-6, that on second broadly but not very deeply emarginate on anterior middle, remaining fasciae biemarginate on anterior border and all with a notch on posterior middle, apex of ultimate tergite, continuous fas- ciae on all sternites, apical spot on coxae below, femora except stripe above and below, tibiae except stripe below on first and second pairs, and tarsi, yellow. The eyes are distinctly divergent above. The middle femora are serrate below and the middle metatarsi are distinctly curved on the inner side and basally bear several spines. The second sternite bears a pair of small tubercles and the eighth lacks a discal spine. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, lower part of frons, curved spot below anterior ocellus, scape below, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits broad below, posterior border of pro- notum, sides of prothorax except line in front of tubercles, tegulae, lateral lines on scutum, fascia on scutellum narrow medially, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment inter- rupted medially, lateral angles and nearly the entire sides of the me- dian segment, metapleuraec, mesopleurae, and mesosternum except large area in front of the middle coxae, continuous fasciae on tergites, first with a wide anterior medial emargination ending in three points posteriorly and with three shallow emarginations on posterior border, * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 41 second with a wide square medial anterior emargination, remaining fasciae slightly biemarginate on anterior middle, heart-shaped spot on apex of ultimate tergite, apical fasciae on all sternites distinctly narrowed medially on 5, apex of ultimate sternite, coxae, and tro- chanters below more or less, femorg except broad stripe above and short stripe below on posterior pair, tibiae except spot below on first and second pairs, and tarsi, yellow or yellowish white. Length.—14-16 mm. On both male and female the flagellum is ferruginous above and fulvous below; the apical segment is curved, and in the male the pos- terior border of the flagellum is slightly carinate. The wings are hyaline, the veins fulvous. The pulvilli are indistinct. The fascia on the scutellum of one female is broken into spots similar to those on the male, the fascia on the median segment appears as faint oblique lines, yellow on mesosternum and mesopleurae much reduced, and the black on the legs present on all tibiae and below on posterior and middle femora. The frons and clypeus of the female show a silvery reflection; the eyes are widely separated and only shghtly divergent above. All specimens differ from the original description in that they show no trace of discal marks on the scutum, and the male has the base cf the clypeus black. Habitat.—California. Number of specimens examined—Males, 17; females, 10. STICTIELLA SPECIOSA Cresson. Figs. 63, 64, 89, 107. Monedula speciosa Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 4, 1865, p. 470, female. ? Monedula speciosa Patron, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 5, 1879, p. 361. Male.—Black: Clypeus, labrum except an indefinite medial stripe, mandibles except apices, lower part of frons extended in a triangular area above insertion of antennae, semicircular spot below anterior ocellus, scape below, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits broader below than above, prothorax except a broad anterior dorsal spot, tegulae, short lateral lines on scutum above tegulae, broad fascia on scutellum, narrow fascia on metanotum, broad curved fascia on dor- sum of median segment extended down medially on posterior surface, sides of same entirely including lateral angles and much of posterior surface, mesopleurae except large spot below extended on meso- sternum almost to the median line, metapleurae, fascia on first ter- gite broad laterally, interrupted narrowly in the middle, broadly emarginate on anterior middle and slightly on either side the pos- terior middle, fascia on second broad, continuous, inclosing a pair of median, elliptical, transverse, black spots and triundulate on pos- terior margin, fasciae on 3-6 broad, biemarginate on anterior margin 49 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. and undulate on posterior, apex of ultimate tergite, first sternite except small lateral spots, second except median longitudinal line, triangular lateral spots on 3-6, which may or may not be connected by apical lines, coxae, trochanters except spot above, femora except line on first and traces of line on second above, tarsi except all ulti- mate segments, pale yellow, deeper in shade on the legs. The flagellum is ferruginous below, shading to yellowish on the basal segments, and 3-6 bear inconspicuous specialized areas. The second cubital cross vein is decidedly curved, so that the width of the second cubital cell on the radial veins is much less than its width on the cubitus. The middle femora below are dentate. The tibiae are not dilated as in formosa and are provided on the anterior at the apex with a short, stout spine. ‘The middle metatarsi on the inner side are curved and bear near the base a row of four stout spines, of which the two in the middle are largest. The ultimate segment on all tarsi is flat and black and on the anterior pair is greatly broadened, but the claws are of the normal form. The second sternite bears near its posterior margin a pair of short but conspicuous tubercles, and the eighth lacks a ie spine; the ultimate tergite basally hoa a num- ber of short lateral stout spines. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except tips, clypeus, scape, first two flagellar segments pela: frons except a pair of widely sepa- rated points at base of clypeus a a large butterfly-shaped black spot on the middle, which may be connected laterally with the black of the vertex; large spot almost inclosing the anterior ocellus; broad posterior orbits extended across the posterior edge of vertex; pro- thorax except a broad anterior dorsal spot and a dusky line in front of tubercles, tegulac, lateral lines, and a U-shaped discal mark that may be narrowly interrupted at posterior middle on scutum, broad transverse fascia on middle of scutellum, fascia on metonotum, median segment entirely except a black fascia on anterior border, a short black vertical line on posterior surface and rather broad black bands bordering sutures on dorsum and posterior surface, pair of large spots on mesopleurae of which the anterior one may be pro- longed on the front border of the mesosternum to the ventral mid- line, thence backward narrowly to spot in front of middle coxae, metapleurae, all tergites (except a medial, rounded, black emargina- tion on the first, a narrow anterior black margin ee broader laterally and contimuous with a small but deep black emargination on either side the midline on the second, a somewhat broader anterior black margin with broader, shallower emargination on either side the midline on third, fourth, and fifth, and black lateral spots on sixth), lateral spots on sternites 1-5, the posterior ones smallest, pair of spots on apex of ultimate sternite, coxae except basal spots, trochanters except spot above, femora except line above reduced on posterior + No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 43 pair, tibiac, and tarsi except tips of middle and posterior pairs, yellow or yelloursh white. On the abdomen the markings are almost white, the color approxi- mating Ridgway’s marguerite yellow. On the thorax and median segment above and on the head the yellowish tinge is somewhat more apparent; it is still more conspicuous on the scape and sides of thorax and median segment, and the legs, except the coxae, are decidedly yellow. The under side of the flagellum is yellowish, changing to tes- taceous toward the apex. The ultimate segments of the tarsi are but slightly dilated, and that of the middle tarsi and all the segments of the posterior pair except the metatarsi are decidedly dusky above. Length.—18-20 mm. The wings in both sexes are hyaline and the nervures brown. The narrowing of the second cubital cell on the radial vein is less pro- nounced in the female than in the male. The pubescence is rela- tively short, moderately dense and white except on the vertex, where it assumes a brownish color. The head is somewhat narrower than the thorax, more evident in the male than in the female, and the inner margins of the eyes are approximately parallel. On the type (a female) there are fasciae on sternites 2-4; on the female from Kansas the lateral spots on sternites 1, 2, and 6 are united on the midline. The fasciae on the tergites of the male are narrower than those of the female, and the first is interrupted medially, but in design they are quite similar. In the discussion of formosa it is pointed out that that species has been regarded as identical with this, but it is very easy to separate the males on structural differences, and, although the females lack these structural characters, their markings are just as distinctly dif- ferent as are the structures on the males. On formosa all tergites except the last possess a black apical border; this black border is entirely wanting on speciosa. The apical tarsal segments of formosa are yellow; the middie and posterior pairs of speciosa are dusky, almost black. The fasciae on the tergites of formosa are yellow; on speciosa they are almost white. Habitat.—Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas. Number of specimens examined: Males, 2; females, 4. STICTIELLA MELAMPOUS, new species. Figs. 65, 66, 108. ? Monedula speciosa Parton, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 5, 1879, p. 361. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape, and first two segments of the flagellum below, lower part of frons pro- duced upward between antennae, curved spot in front of anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, narrow posterior orbits, prothorax 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. except broad anterior dorsal spot with undulate posterior border and a line in front of tubercles enlarged at inner end, tegulae, narrow line above base of wings on scutum, lateral spots on scutellum narrowed toward the median line, narrow fascia on metanotum, pair of broken oblique lines on dorsum of median segment, lateral angles and spot near spiracle of same, metapleurae, small spot on mesopleurae behind the tubercles and another large one on anterior border that meets its fellow on the midline of the mesosternum, spot on meso- sternum between middle coxae, broad, widely separated lateral spots and a pair of small median posterior spots on first tergite, narrow fasciae on tergites 2-5 continuous except that on tergite 2 and all biemarginate on anterior middle, sixth with a large median and small lateral spots, apex of ultimate tergite, lateral spots on sternites 2-5, coxae except basally, trochanters apically below, femora except stripe above on first pair, tibiae, and tarsi except ultimate segment on first and second pairs, and the last three segments on posterior pair, yellow. The flagellum is testaceous below and slightly carinate posteriorly; the apical segment is reddish, much lighter than the others, slightly flattened apically, neither curved nor truncate, and somewhat longer than the segment immediately preceding. The middle femora are serrate below and the middle metatarsi are distinctly curved on the inner side and basally bear three spines, of which the distal two are large and prominent. The apical segment of all tarsi is black, dilated, flattened, and rounded apically, those on the anterior pair being dilated most, those on the posterior pair least, on which pair the third and fourth segments also are dark above and below. The pulvilli are large and distinct. The second sternite bears a pair of low, rounded, and somewhat widely separated tubercles and the eighth lacks a discal spine. The seventh tergite bears at the extreme lateral edges an inconspicuous ridge, from below which spring a number of short, stout spines. The pubescence is white, short, and moderately dense on head, thorax, and base of the first segment of the abdomen; the remaining segments are scarcely pubescent at all and show a beautiful bluish-violet iridescence. Length —15 mm. The second specimen lacks the medial spots on the first tergite, but has a pair on the second and third. On the fourth and fifth they are united medially, and on the fourth also with the lateral spots. It also lacks the broken lines on the dorsum of the median segment and has all the femora striped with black above. This species stands quite close to speciosa, with which it agrees in respect to the special structures of the legs, the tubercles on the second sternite, and the lateral spines on the ultimate tergite. It differs from speciosa, however, in that the second cubital cross vein is No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 45 scarcely curved, and consequently the second cubital cell is narrowed but little on the radial vein. Furthermore this species is much smaller and more slender and the pattern of its maculations is en- tirely different. It ismy conviction that it was a male of this species that Patton in Bulletin 5, United States Geological Survey (p. 361), described as the male of speciosa. Described from two males collected by Mr. F. X. Williams, August, O01: Habitat.—Seward County, Kansas. Type and Paratype.—Collection of University of Kansas. STICTIELLA VILLOSA Fox. Figs. 3, 67, 68. Monedula mamillata Fox (not Handlirsch), Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2) vol. 4, 1893, p.- 10. Monedula villosa Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 370, male. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape and basal segments of flagellum below, space between insertion of antennae, spot on either side anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits broader below than above, prothorax except median anterior dorsal spot and spot before tubercles, tegulae, short lateral line above tegulae and pair of anterior discal spots on scutum, large lateral spots on scutellum, fascia on metanotum sometimes interrupted medially, spot on sides of median segment, metapleurae, large spot on mesopleurae in most specimens continuous with a longi- tudinal median mesosternal stripe that may be reduced to a median spot in front of middle coxae, broad fasciae on tergites 1-6, the first deeply and somewhat roundly emarginate on anterior middle, second, third, and fourth more widely and successively less deeply emarginate on anterior middle, fifth and sixth slightly waved, but not emargi- nate, apex of ultimate tergite, sternites entirely except black anterior lateral spots on 1 and 2, a narrow median anterior black spot on 3 and 4 and a narrow anterior black border on 5 and 6, spot on all coxae below, trochanters apically more or less, femora except stripe above, tibiae, and tarsi, bright greenish yellow. Length.—10-13 mm. The clypeus is almost white, faintly tinged with greenish yellow. The fasciae on the first four tergites posterior to the medial emargina- tion are also white— a character that is constant and in degree varies only slightly on the first fascia. The flagellum varies below from greenish yellow basally to testaceous apically. The head, thorax, basal joints of the legs, including the femora, and the base of the abdomen, are densely covered with long, shaggy, white pubescence— a character that distinguishes this species from all others herein listed. The legs show no special modifications and the pulvilli are large and 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52... distinct. The second sternite in some specimens bears a pair of tu- bercles rather poorly developed but quite distinct; in other speci- mens this sternite lacks these tubercles entirely. The eighth bears a prominent discal spine. The wings are hyaline and very long, reaching almost to the end of the abdomen and being more than twice as long as the thorax and middle segment together. Variation in the extent of the maculations is slight, yet there is some reduction in the size of the spots on the thorax and median segment. When the abdominal segments are closely drawn together the venter appears almost entirely yellow. Habitat—New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico. Number of specimens examined—Males, 11; females, 0. STICTIELLA SCITULA Fox. Monedula scitula Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 369, female. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape, flagelium below, frons except a median black spot (shaped somewhat like an expanded butterfly), connected laterally above with a trans- verse black stripe across the vertex, from which a stripe occupies the pit of the anterior ocellus, broad posterior orbits broadly connected across the vertex, prothorax, tegulae, broad lateral lines and U-shaped discal mark, which may be broken into three spots, on scutum, large lateral spots on scutellum approximated medially, fascia on metano- tum, broad curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, broad lat- eral angles and sides of median segment, sides and venter of thorax entirely except the narrow lines of the sutures, broad fasciae on ter- gites 1-5, first with a median anterior black spot, which in some cases is connected with the black on base of segment, second, third, and fourth with wide, shallow, median, anterior emargination, slightly extended backward at the posterior lateral angles, especially on the second, fifth with anterior border undulate, apex of ultimate tergite, sternites entirely, legs entirely, bright lemon yellow. Length.—10-11 mm. The flagellum is testaceous above, lightest at apex. The clypeus and labrum are much lighter in color than the rest of the body mark- ings. The region posterior to the base of the mandibles, frons above the antennae, and the vertex are provided with long, dense, white pubescence; the pubescence of the thorax and base of the abdomen is shorter and more sparse. Altogether the pubescence is more con- spicuous on this species than is common on females of this genus. The pulvilli are large and distinct. The wings are hyaline, long, reaching nearly to the end of the abdomen, and fully twice the length of the thorax’ and median segment combined. The species is of nor- mal form, but in the case of many specimens the abdomen is abnor- mally contracted, and it was from specimens of this kind that the No, 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 47 original description was made. The unusual development of the pubescence on this species and on villosa, the similarity of the wing venation of the two and their common habitat raise the question as to whether this may not be the female of that species. I should not be surprised if later investigation should prove such to be the case, Habitat.—New Mexico, Arizona. Number of specimens examined—Males, 0; females, 16. STICTIELLA TENUICORNIS Fox. Figs. 69, 70, 90. Monedula tenuicornis Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 368, female. Male.—Black: Labrum, clypeus, mandibles except apices, inferior part of frons, large spot about anterior ocellus connected by a ver- tical line with the yellow of the frons below, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits continued somewhat on the posterior border of ver- tex, prothorax except median anterior dorsal spot, broad lateral lines and U-shaped discal mark, which may be broken, on scutum, tegu- lac, fascia on scutellum broad laterally, metanotum, broad, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, lateral angles broadly and sides of same, metapleurae, mesopleurae and mesosternum except small spot in front of middle coxae, broad fasciac on tergites 1-6, the first squarely and deeply emarginate on anterior middle and deeply and triangularly emarginate on either side of the posterior middle, second with a transverse, arcuate, medial, anterior black spot and three shallow posterior emarginations, third with a narrow medial ante- rior emargination greatly extended to right and left on middle of tergite and with three posterior emarginations, the middle one deep- est, fourth, fifth, and sixth similar to third, but with anterior emar- gination modified and posterior black border reduced, apex of ulti- mate tergite, first and second sternites entirely, broad fasciae on 3-6 narrowed medially and sometimes also laterally, coxae except spot on posterior pair below, trochanters except spot above, femora except stripe above, tibiae, and tarsi, bright lemon yellow, of deeper shade on the legs. Female.—Black: Labrum, clypeus, mandibles except apices, scape and basal segments of flagellum below, frons below, V-shaped spot in front of anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits broad below and extended on vertex, sometimes entirely across, pro- thorax except medial anterior dorsal spot, tegulae, lateral lines and U-shaped discal mark, sometimes broken into three spots, on scutum, fascia on scutellum narrowed medially, metanotum, broad fascia on dorsum of median segment prolonged medially on posterior surface, its sides, lateral angles, and most of its posterior surface, metapleurae, mesopleurae, mesosternum except spot in front of middle coxae, broad 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor. 52. fasciae on tergites 1-6, first with a deep rectangular emargination at an- terior middle and three slight emarginations on posterior border, second with an elliptical black spot near the middle on either side the median line and three slight posterior emarginations, third similar to second, but with two black spots narrowly united to an anterior medial emar- gination, fourth and fifth on anterior margin dorsally biemarginate and laterally waved, ultimate tergite except narrow anterior border, first and second sternites entirely, third entirely or with only a cen- tral anterior black spot, fourth and fifth with rather broad fasciae narrowed medially and laterally, ultimate sternite apically, coxae, trochanters except spot above, femora except stripe above, tibiae except sometimes a stripe below, and tarsi, lemon yellow. Length.—16-18 mm. The flagellum in both sexes is slender, and the apical half is tes- taceous below. In the male the apical half is carinate on the pos- terior side and the ultimate segment curved. The intermediate femora of the male are smooth beneath and the metatarsus not curved. The second sternite is nontuberculate and the eighth is without a discal spine. In color and markings the sexes are remark- ably similar and the different specimens show but little variation from the typical form. On the first tergite the emargination may appear as an anterior rectangular black spot or it may be connected with the posterior emargination so as to cut off a pair of posterior median yellow spots or a single yellow spot. On the second on both male and female we usually find a single median black spot that may or may not be connected by a narrow medial emargination with the anterior black border. Other slight modifications may occur but the basic pattern remains the same, the variations being due to a greater or less extension of the black on the dorsal surface. The lateral borders of the ultimate tergite of the female, especially toward the base, are provided with numerous stout spines. The wings are hyaline and relatively long; the pubescence short and sparse, and the labrum, clypeus, and anterior orbits of the female show a silvery reflection when viewed at the proper angle. In his descrip- tion of this species Fox associated as male and female of the species a male that I regard as representative of a different species entirely. I base this judgment on the fact that males I have before me and the female of Fox’s tenwicornis are so similar that they can be dis- tinguished only by their sexual characteristics, whereas the male Fox assigned to this species differs from the female not only in color and widely in the pattern of the markings, bit also in having the head narrower than the thorax. I have accordingly considered the male as representative of a new species and have redescribed it herein under the name bituberculata. Hatiitat.—California, Arizona, Texas. Number of specimens examined—Males, 3; females, 7. No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 49 STICTIELLA MEGACERA, new species. Figs. 71, 72, 91. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape except narrow line above, first two flagellar segments below, lower part of frons, V-shaped spot below anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits, narrow posterior dorsal border and sides of prothorax except narrow line in front of tubercles, teguiae, short lateral lines above base of wings on scutum, large lateral spots on scutellum, short fascia on metanotum, lateral angles and sides of median seg- ment, metapleurae, broad irregular line on mesopleurae and meso- sternum meeting on the middle of the latter and prolonged back- ward to the middle coxae, fasciae on tergites, first broad laterally but widely and deeply emarginate on anterior middle, biemarginate on posterior border and almost interrupted on midline, second broad with a narrower anterior median emargination, of which the posterior lateral angles are strongly produced obliquely laterally, third with broad, shallow, anterior, median emargination, the remain- der with slightly undulate anterior borders, apex of ultimate tergite, first sternite, second except irregular anterior border, remaining sternites with broad fasciae (which, when the abdomen is strongly flexed, cause the sternites to appear entirely yellow), coxae, tro- chanters except spot above, tibiae, and tarsi, yellow. The flagellum is dark above, reddish below. The second seg- ment widens apically and the third is still broader; from the fourth to the apex the width decreases imperceptibly. The ultimate seg- ment is slightly curved and somewhat flattened apically. The legs are relatively short and unusually stout. The middle femora are decidedly short, thick and heavy and are smooth below; the middle metatarsi are also unusually short, thick, and heavy and show no trace of curve or spines on inner surface. The posterior are like- wise unusualiy thick, heavy, and rounded and when seen from in front are plainly arcuate, the hollow of the bow being on the upper side. The pulvilli are large and distinct. The wings are hyaline and a trifle over twice as long as the combined length of the thorax and median segment. The pubescence is white, moderately long, and dense on head, thorax, and base of abdomen; it is somewhat shorter and less dense yet quite evident on all sternites and very short and sparse on tergites. The second sternite bears a very large median spine, very heavy at the base, bluntly pointed and hirsute. The terminal spines of the eighth are very short and a discal spine is lacking. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except tips, clypeus, scape below, greater part of flagellum below, lower part of frons, V-shaped spot below anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17-——4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou 52. narrow above, narrow line on posterior border of pronotum, greater part of sides of prothorax, tegulae, narrow lateral lines on scutum, large lateral triangular spots on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment narrowly interrupted on posterior surface of segment, lateral angles and sides of same, large spot on metapleurae, small posterior and larger anterior spot on mesopleurae the latter of which extends downward to join its fellow on the sternum and forming with it a longitudinal band that reaches the middle coxae, fasciae on tergites, first broad laterally but deeply and widely emarginate on the anterior middle, nearly interrupted on mid-dorsal line, and slightly biemarginate on the posterior border, second with lateral sinuations and broad median emarginations on anterior border, third with anterior lateral sinuations and dorsally biemarginate, fourth and fifth undulate on anterior border, apex of sixth broadly, broad fasciae on sternites, the more posterior ones narrowed medially, coxae, tochanters and femora except broadly above, tibiae, and tarsi, yellow, the color being very pale on the labium, clypeus, orbits, and fasciae of the tergites. The flagellum is dark, testaceous above, yellow below, basally be- coming somewhat rufous apically. It does not show the broadening of the medial segments seen on the male. The legs are relatively short and stout, the middle metatarsus being similar to that of the male. The second cubital cell is almost a perfect rectangle. The pubescence is like that on the male. Length.—14-16 mm. Described from two males and one female; one male from Arboles, Colorado, second male from Iron County, Utah, and the female from North Yakima, Washington. Type.—Male in the Brooklyn Museum. Allotype and paratype, Cat. No. 19805, U.S.N.M. STICTIELLA EXIGUA Fox. Figs. 73, 74, 92. Monedula exigua Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 370, female. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, inferior part of frons, curved spot on either side the anterior ocellus, almost inclosing it, scape except apical spot above, broad anterior orbits nar- rowed to a point above, posterior orbits more or less perfectly con- nected across the posterior of vertex, prothorax except small anterior median dorsal spot, lateral lines and a pair of large discal spots on scutum, broad fascia roundly emarginate on anterior middle or nar- rowly interrupted on midline on scutellum, metanotum, broad curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, lateral angles broadly and sides of same, metapleurae, mesopleurae, and mesosternum except nar- row anterior black border and large lateral black spot on front and * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 51 above the middle coxae continued upward along the suture between the mesopleurae and metapleurac, broad fasciae on tergites, first with a broad rounded shallow emargination on anterior middle, second to fifth each with a wide and very shallow anterior emargina- tion on either side the dorsal midline, apex of ultimate tergite, sternites 1-3 entirely, broad apical fasciae on 4-6, legs entirely except spots above on trochanters and femora basally, yellow. The legs are of the normal form, without any special modifications. The second sternite bears a pair of closely placed, sharply pointed, prominent tubercles, and the eighth a prominent discal spine. Female —Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, frons below, pair of curved spots almost inclosing anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits narrowed to a point above, scape, posterior orbits con- tinuous on vertex, prothorax, tegulae, broad lateral lines and pair of broad discal lines narrowed posteriorly on scutum, scutellum, meta- notum, dorsum of median segment except curved Black facia. on an- terior border, lateral angles, sides and almost all the posterior surface of median segment, Pereira. mesopleurae, and mesosternum ex- cept lateral spots in front and slightly above middle coxae, tergites except shallow median anterior black emargination on first, narrow anterior black border on remainder, slightly waved on 3-5 and notched on 6, sternites entirely except basal border of 5 and 6, legs entirely except basal spots above on trochanters, and femora, yellow. The clypeus, labrum, and frons are decidedly silvery, the sides of the thorax less so, and even the venter of the abdomen shows a trace of this. In both sexes the flagellum is cylindrical in form, testaceous above, yellowish or testaceous below, and lighter in the female than in the male. The silveriness of the face and sides of the thorax is less evi- dent in the male than in the female. The pubescence is short and inconspicuous. The wings are hyaline and the veins brown. The pulvilli are distinct. Length—9-13 mm. The description above is made from two males and one female col- lected by F. H. Snow, in Arizona. A comparison with Fox’s type of exigua convinces me of their identity, although the markings on these specimens are somewhat more extensively developed than are those on the type which is a female from Montana. This species stands very close to Stictiella pulla Handlirsch, from which it is distinguished chiefly by the more extensive ¢ maculations. Habitat—-Avizonn, Montana. 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. STICTIELLA PULLA Handlirsch. Figs. 75, 93. Monedula pulla Hanputrscu, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Cl., vol. 99, 1890, p. 149, female. Monedula usitata Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 371, male. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, lower part of clypeus variable in extent, scape below, space between insertion of antennae, minute spot on either side of anterior ocellus, anterior orbits, posterior orbits, posterior border of pronotum, tubercles and narrow lines on border of side of prothorax, tegulae, lateral spot on scutum above tegulae, large lateral spots on scutellum, fascia on meta- notum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment sometimes reduced to two spots or entirely wanting, spiracle and spot on sides of median segment usually extended on lateral angles, spot on metapleu- rae, irregular spot on mesopleurae, broad fasciae on tergites 1-6, the first with broad, shallow, medial, anterior emargination, remainder with a shallow anterior emargination on either side the mid-dorsal line, ultimate tergite apically, first sternite except anterior lateral spots, the remaining sternites except narrow basal border varying somewhat in width on the several sternites, coxae except base more or less, tro- chanters below, femora except broad stripe above and below which stripes are united on posterior pair, tibiae except spot below on ante- rior and middle pairs and occasionally on posterior pair, and tarsi, yellow. The antennae and legs show no special modifications. The second sternite bears a pair of short approximated processes and the eighth a prominent discal spine. Female.—The female, with regard to general appearance and pat- tern of maculations, is esseritially hke the male. The black on the clypeus is wanting or reduced to small basal lateral spots; that on the legs is somewhat more extensively developed. The yellow markings are somewhat brighter in color and slightly better developed; on one female there is a pair of small discal spots on the scutum. Aside from these differences in color and the absence of the secondary sexual modifications found on the male, the description above will apply to the female also. 7 Length—10-14 mm. In both sexes the flagellum below is yellowish or testaceous, decreasing in intensity toward the apex. The black on the ctypeus of the male is variable in extent; it is never entirely absent and it never spreads over the entire clypeus. On both male and female the clypeus appears somewhat silvery, more evident on well-preserved specimens of the female than on the male. The fasciae on the tergites of the male show two distinct shades of color, lemon yellow and yellowish white, somewhat variable in their arrangement; this * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 53 diversity of shade in the fasciae is less apparent on the female owing to their deeper and brighter color. The apical segment of all tarsi on the female is longer than the two preceding segments together, is heavy, not flattened, rectangular in outline and thickly beset with stout hair below; on the male this segment is more slender, conical and comparatively shorter. The pulvilli on both male and female are large and distinct and the pubescence is not at all conspicuous. The wings are hyaline and the form of the three cubital cells, identical in the sexes. I have associated here as sexes of one species Handlirsch’s pulla, a female, and the male of Fox’s usitata. I have done this for the following reasons: The pattern of their maculations is almost identical; the pulvilli are large and distinct in both cases; the form of the third cubital cell is peculiar and common to both; they are of the same size and are found in the same locality. The female of Fox’s usitata has indistinct pulvill, the sternites wholly without fasciae, and the form of the third cubital cell is distinetly different from that of the male he associated with it. Furthermore, I am convinced that the female referred by Fox to his usitata is the female of his plana. The character of the pulvilli, the maculations and the habitat all point to this conclusion. Habitat—California, Washington. Number of specimens examined—mmales, 12; females 8. STICTIELLA FEMORATA Fox. Figs. 76, 77, 94, 109. Monedula femorata Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 368, male. Male.—Black: Clypeus, labrum, mandibles except apices, scape below, spot in front of anterior ocellus and inferior part of frons, separated by a butterfly-shaped spot that above is broadly connected laterally with the black of the vertex, broad anterior orbits shortened above, narrow posterior orbits, posterior border of pronotum con- nected on tubercles with a large spot on sides of prothorax, small spot on tegulae, small spot near tegulae on scutum, lateral spots on scutellum, metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment more or less broken, irregular spot on mesopleurae extending on the mesosternum, small spot on metapleurae, spot on lateral angles of median segment, fasciae on tergites 1-6 narrowly interrupted medially, apex of ultimate tergite, fasciae on sternites 1-6, legs except upper side of coxae, trochanters, femora and more or less of the posterior tibiae, yellow or yeilowish white. The flagellum is testaceous beneath except the more basal joints, which are yellowish; segments 6-11 seen from below are distinctly carinate on the posterior border and the apical segment is flattened 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. and curved. The pulvilli are distinct; the anterior tarsi are un- usually flat and broad, the apical segment less so, and each segment below bears a black spot. The medial femora are strongly emarginate below and bear a slight notch beyond the emargination. The hind femora are also more or less emarginate below, sometimes taking the form of a slight dilation of the segment apically beyond the middle. The second sternite is bituberculate. Female.—Black: Clypeus, labrum, mandibles except apices, scape except small spot above, semicircular spot in front of anterior ocellus and lower part of frons separated by a black butterfly-shaped spot that above is broadly connected laterally with the black of the vertex, posterior orbits usually united across the vertex, posterior border of pronotum including the tubercles, sides of prothorax except spot in front of tubercles, tegulae, lateral lines above tegulae and medial longitudinal discal lines which may be continued posteriorly to form a more or less broken U-shaped mark on scutum, curved fascia on scutellum, narrowed medially, fascia on metanotum, continuous curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, lateral angles of same, mesopleurae and sternum aimost entirely, spot on metapleurae, spot on side of median segment anteriorly, fasciae on tergites continuous and rather broad, the first with a broad shallow anterior emargina- tion, the remainder slightly waved anteriorly but not emarginate, medial spot on apex of ultimate tergite, middle and narrow apical margin of first sternite, fasciae on sternites 2-5, that on second broad and deeply emarginate anteriorly, apex of ultimate sternite, legs below except spot on middle and posterior coxae, and above except spots on all coxae, trochanters, femora, and posterior tibiae, yellow or pale yellouish white. The flagellum is testaceous below. The middle femora are short and stout; the posterior femora are in- crassate near the middle; the apical segment of the anterior tarsi is not dilated so much as that of the male; the pulvilli are present but small. Length.—9-12 mm. Of the four male specimens before me one, the type specimen, is from Florida, and three are from Texas. The specimens from Texas differ from the type in that the emarginations of the middle and posterior femora are less pronounced. One of the males from Texas is somewhat smaller than the type. In his description Fox states that the intermediate metatarsus is curved, which statement can scarcely be considered accurate; the segment is bent quite near the base but it is not curved as is that of serrata or speciosa. It is, how- ever, near the base slightly dilated on the anterior margin and some- what roundly incised on the inner side in much the same fashion as is the corresponding segment on the anterior tarsus. Furthermore the inner, posterior angle of the middle tibia is produced into a short * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARLER. 55 spine, which, with the incision on the metatarsus, forms a structure quite similar to the antenna cleaner invariably found on the first pair of legs of wasps and bees. In addition to the two prominent processes on the second sternite of the type specimen, there is a smaller and more widely separated pair on the third and an incon- spicuous pair on the fourth. These secondary ventral processes are also more or less well developed on the other males. In both sexes the wings are hyaline, short, and scarcely reach the posterior border of the third abdominal segment. The veins are brown. The pubescence is short, white, and not conspicuous. The male of this species can scarcely be confused with that of any other except divergens, from which it can be distinguished by the more extensive maculations of the latter and particularly by the form of the genital stipes. The peculiar modification of the middle femora, the unique structure found at the union of the middle tibia and meta- tarsus, and the presence of secondary processes on sternites three and four separate this species and the one following from all others. Length, 9-12 millimeters. Habitat.—Florida, Texas. Number of specimens examined—Males, 4; females, 5. STICTIELLA DIVERGENS, new species. Figs. 78, 79, 95, 110. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except tips, clypeus, scape, flagellum below, lower part of frons extended upward between antennae, irregular semicircular spot below anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits shortened and narrowed to a point above, narrow posterior orbits, posterior border of pronotum, sides of prothorax except irregular spot in front of tubercles, tegulae, lateral lines and pair of discal lines (absent on paratype) on scutum, fascia on scutellum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment narrowly interrupted medially, lateral angles and spot at spiracles on median segment, spot on metapleurae, mesopleurae almost entirely, mesosternum entirely, fasciae on tergites 1-6, first broad laterally, narrower medially with deep acute anterior median emargination, remaining fasciae somewhat narrower medially than laterally and shghtly sinuate (those on tergites 4-6 of paratype narrowly interrupted medially), apex of seventh tergite, second sternite except pair of small anterior lateral black spots, continuous fasciae on sternites 3-6 the more posterior ones narrowest, legs entirely except black spots above on trochanters and basally on femora and conspicuous black spots on all segments of the anterior tarsi below, bright yellow. The more posterior fasciae on the abdomen both above and below are, however, yellowish white. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. The flagellum is testaceous above and segments 6-10 are slightly carinate on the posterior surface. The ultimate flagellar segment is curved and obliquely truncate at the apex. The wings are hyaline and the second cubital cell is decidedly narrower on the radial vein than it is on the cubitus. The anterior tarsus is somewhat flattened but scarcely a8 much so as in the case of femorata, and like that species it has a distinct black spot below on anterior tarsal segments. The middle femora are emarginate and the middle tibia apically on the posterior side bears a short spine, which in conjunction with flattened and slightly curved base of the metatarsus forms a structure some- what similar to the antenna cleaner of the first pair of legs. The posterior femora are slightly curved below and distally incrassate, but they are not emarginate. The second sternite bears a pair of short, pointed, closely approximated tubercles, and there is a smaller, inconspicuous pair on each of the third and fourth sternites more widely separated than those on the second. The pubescence is white, short, and sparse, except on the seventh sternite, where it is relatively long, dense, and brown. The eighth sternite lacks a discal spine, but there is a longitudinal prominence at the base of the middle spine. The genital stipes is distinct in pattern. Length.—12-14 mm. This species stands very close to femorata Fox, but it differs from that species in its more extensive maculations, its richer yellow color, and especially in the form of the genital stipes. The species is described from two male specimens taken by Mr. F. X. Williams. Habitat—Kansas. Type.—Male and paratype in the collection of the University of Kansas. Genus BICYRTES Lepeletier. Bembex Outvier (part), Encycl. Meth., vol. 4, 1789, p. 288. Monedula Dauizom (part), Hym. Eur., vol. 1, 1845, p. 492. Bicyrtes LepEverier, Hist. Nat., vol. 3, 1845, p. 53. Type: Bicyrtes (servillit Lepeletier) ventralis Say. Monobasic Bembidula Burmeister, Bol. Acad. Cordova, vol. 1, 1874, p. 122. Type: Monedula discisa Taschenberg. (Present designation.) Bembidula Hanpuirscu, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Cl., vol. 98, 1889, p. 473. Bembidula Konn, Die Gatt. d. Spheg., 1896, p. 442. The head seen from in front is wider than long. The compound eyes are large and stongly arched; their inner borders are somewhat divergent at the vertex, and their lower borders reach the mandibles. The frons is relatively flat, variable in width, and bears a slight carina between the antennae. The anterior ocellar cicatrice is situated on a slight prominence. It is linear, arcuate, and transversely placed. The posterior cicatrices are also linear but not so narrow as the ante- rior one, semicircular, and almost longitudinally placed. The ~*~ No. 2178. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 57 occiput is quite narrow and the posterior surface of the head vertical and flat. The temples are narrow. The mandibles on their anterior border are entire; on their posterior border they are provided with two teeth and the apex endsin a point. The maxillae are moderately long, and when folded at rest they are concealed beneath the labrum. The maxillary palpi are formed of six segments and the labial of four. The labrum is about as long as broad at the base, somewhat arched from side to side and broadly rounded at the apex, not emarginate. The clypeus is broad and arched and its lower border is slightly curved. The antennae are inserted on the frons on either side of the median carina a short distance above the base of the clypeus. They consist of 12 segments in the female and of 13 in the male. In the case of the males of some species some of the flagellar segments show sec- ondary sexual modifications that are of use as characters in the dis- tinguishing of species. The first flagellar segment (pedicel) is about as thick as long and the second exceeds any of the following ones in length. The dorsum of the thorax is comparatively flat and the collar is placed much below the tevel of the scutum. The tubercles do not reach the tegulae. The suture between the sternum and episternum of the mesothorax is obliterated. The surface of the metapleura is almost at right angles to the long axis of the body and as a result its junction with the side of the median segment forms a depression into which the femora of the middle leg is drawn when at rest. The median segment shows a clearly defined dorsal middlefield which extends down upon the posterior surface of the segment. In a man- ner that is characteristic of the species of this genus the lateral angles of the median segment are extended, strongly compressed and wedge- like, and consequently the posterior surface of the segment from side to side is conspicuously curved or concave. The tergites are arched, the sternites flat, and in general the abdomen appears relatively longer and more slender than in Bembix. In the case of the female of some species the ultimate tergite bears a more or less well defined pygidial area set off by lateral ridges. The eighth sternite of the male, con- cealed beneath the seventh, ends in three spines instead of one as in Bembix. On none of the species so far recorded from North America north of Mexico do we find processes on the sternites of the males. The male genital apparatus consists of a short basal piece that sub- tends the long, strongly hirsute, weakly chitinized, lateral stipites, variable in form among the species, the median cleft spatha, which, seen from above, ends in a prominent rectangular dilation, and below the spatha the sagittae. Each sagitta is composed of two parts; the inferior part is straight, relatively slender, weakly chitinized and hirsute; the superior part is curved somewhat, strongly chitinized 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voL. 52. and enlarged at the distal end. This enlargement resembles some- what a truncate spoon, the concave surface being faced inward to- ward the midline. Front wing.—The pterostigma is vestigial. The apical end of the radial cell is rounded off and lies on the costal border. Of the three cubital cells the first is about as long as the second and third combined. The first cubital cross vein is almost straight; the second is almost siemoid in shape; and is far from parallel with the first so that the second cubital cell is much narrower on the radial vein than on the cubital, on which it receives both discoidal cross veins. The third cubital cross vein is quite strongly directed outward and roundly curved at its posterior end so that the rounded apical end of the third cubital cell frequently extends beyond the end of the radial cell. The angle formed by the radial and third cubital cross veins and opening outwardly is acute. The second discoidal cross vein posterior to its junction with the cubital is angularly bent outward and subtends at the angle a short longitudinal vein. The first submedian cell is as jong or longer than the second, which gradually increases in width toward its apical end. The basal vein arises proximal to the termi- nus of the first submedian cell. Hind wing.—tThe retinaculum, consisting of an unbroken row of small hooklets, begins near the origin of the radial vein, which extends distally almost to the apical border of the wing. The median cell is extremely long. The cubital vein arises distal to the terminus of the submedian cell. The posterior angle of the submedian cell, formed by the submedial and submedial cross veins, is, like that of Steniolia, obtuse. The submedial vein terminates in the anul sinus. The wings, particularly the anterior pair, in both sexes of many species are more or less infumated, the infumation being more evi- dent in the female than in the male of the same species. The char- acter and the degree of infumation is of value in the separation of species. The legs are relatively long and slender. The middle coxae are not contiguous, and on the inner distal margin of the hind pair of some species there is a distinct tooth. The middle femora of the males of some species are compressed below to a sharp edge and in others there is present basally below a prominent, flattened tooth. The middle tibia at the distal end is provided with a single spur. The anterior tarsus of the female is flattened and provided with a strong tarsal comb; in the case of the male, with the exception of a few species, the anterior tarsus is not flattened and the tarsal comb is but weakly developed. ‘The pulvilli are well developed and the claws simple. The pubesence is short and sparse, not at all prominent except on the vertex. The punctations are evident, fine, and usually uni- * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 59 form, and their character and distribution on certain areas are used as specific characters, but such use is not wholly satisfactory. The ground color is black, frequently showing iridesence. The macula- tions are usually yellow but the shade of yellow varies greatly among the different species, in some almost white, in others very dark and in still others it may be tinged or replaced by ferruginous. Bicyrtes differs from all related genera in the character of the pos- terior surface and the lateral angles of the median segment. Further- more, it differs from Bembiz in the number of segments in the palpi, in the form of the ocellar cicatrices, in the character of the first cubital cross vein, the eighth sternite, the apex of the labrum, and the male genitalia; from Microbembex in the number of segments in the palpi, the character of the mandibles, the radial cell, and the ocellar cicatrices; from Stenolia in the number of segments in the palpi, the length of the maxillae, the ocellar cicatrices, and the form of the male genitalia; from Stictia and Stictiella in the form of the ocellar cicatrices, and the male genitalia. The generic synonomy given above was called to my attention by Mr. Rowland E. Turner, who writes Mr. S. A. Rohwer as follows: Bembidula ventralis Say. A specimen in our collection is labelled “‘Bicyrtes ser- villei Lep. compared with type by Spinola.”’ If this is correct Bicyrtes has priority over Bembdidula, but servillet will sink as a synonym. On receipt of this information I made a careful study of Lepeletier’s description of Bicyrtes servillit and am convinced that Spinola’s com- parison is reliable. I, therefore, feel fully justified in changing the name of the genus. KEY TO SPECIES. Males. 1. Posterior coxa with tooth on inner distal margin. ...........-...-------- Jodiens. PRL OR CETMOr/ COMALVCLUNOIMb, COON © 25ee nace weal Bee pele oe. on eye A MENA alate reieieney Sere a 2 Middle femora with distinct tooth at base. ......2.2.2.2 22sec sees + sete eee 3. Pavincdlesemoracwithomtcoothyati base js... cect = as cteleiele efeilae ae ale Se tatele hare ect 4. 3. Ultimate tergite black; fasciae on tergites narrow ....-......---------- ventralis. 3. Ultimate tergite with lateral yellow spots; fasciae on tergites relatively broad. parata. 4. Mesopleura more or less conspicuously marked with yellow......-..----------- 5. Ame Mecopletmaiblacks 2.502213 cis cn ose cicase = cmc stag aaie s wsinisiebe is ota 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 79 . Fasciae on tergites continuous; labrum without transverse impression; seventh Bietmite CONSPICUOUS! Y NAMOWE --< seta scc ssc n edn leek sete eslece es stenebdoma. . Fasciae on second tergite inclosing a pair of black spots; lateral spots on sternites may be connected by AplCHl MNES...) 6. denne dss eco. eles cow emincmcl es 10. . Fascia on second tergite not inclosing black spots; lateral spots on sternites not COUNECLEE Dy APICAN LINES a2 s.\see e ciiae 2 sala Melee cee hoe += 5 asi meses ets Wa; Dorsum of median segment not maculated; genital stipes as in fig. 156.....-. fori. Dorsum of median segment bearing lateral spots; genital stipes not as in fig. 156. connerda. Sides of median segment and of thorax (excluding prothorax) black, or rarely With smal spot on mesopleuta. 22 ots Looe ee ce aslo haeiticlos Se ob cle 12. Sides of median segment and of thorax conspicuously maculated........-.--- 15. Fasciae on tergites narrow, usually (but not always) all interrupted; ultimate Reneibe ye eee ae See = Deiter aie stalaaeta ete Sia nia Stata) tie ole aid tenes oleie = 2 Pubescence normal: ultimate tergite black..;...-- 225. s-nse-eeessceeae spinolae. 14. Pubescence unusually conspicuous; ultimate tergite with white maculation, which, in some eases! is; much obseured <<... sociee oasis te a asHesineee comata. 15s, Wings distinctly clouded medially. ss. 505,61 <.e cen eb eid ies dense eee 16. Pot WamgeiClear 2.05012. 42) = Ss eictejeitye om ei lclel hemo miata Sia = Sake ot lee 17; 16. Clypeus black or marked with black basally; lateral spots on sternites united by apical limes 2 3. poncacc acs beac cannes debe nee weet ae pe eee melanaspis. 16. Clypeus yellow; lateral spots on sternites not connected (except rarely on second BLGINILE )t.onc asics dcysieeca oni setae se ae wa ats eres eee ee eae nubilipennis. 17Scutum with no trace of discal marks ....U;. :.. 2 -\.0.2 2,220 s Se, oie ade eee 18, 17. Scutum with more or less well developed discal marks........------..-.----- 22. 18. Large, 17-20 mm; eyes divergent at clypeus; frons narrow; fasciae on tergites COMUNUOUSS. 65. cc cioe oo eo cs clues este Siecle gee ae amici areas ee 19; 18. Smaller, 14-16 mm; eyes very slightly divergent at vertex; frons relatively wide; fascia on first tergite almost always interrupted............--..-..-------- 20. 19. Fasciae on tergites white; that on second never inclosing black spots; clypeus usially with basal * blackmark. 26332006. n7ossesp oss Sooo eee pruinosa. 19. Fasciae on tergites yellow; that on second always inclosing pair of black spots; elypeus yellow 203 seis seh ini ois a tein Sinton ee aaltepet en nee leone occidentalis. * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 81 Pe AACIne/Ol LELeites) VONOW. sao es wehc tee ahs cue ee Seals cease dacstedeulooe dae 21: PAE BECIRG ON TETLILOS WDILG o-.- ctajncin a celtic Sin isine dic oaje's seit ee aecesieeits primaaestate. PRO ly DOUs! VOMOW sansa cctecias Slice oe cea wire siclels Co cic sis tig d.wiedes secede oe oareee similans. Submis Olen Kereta ie ee te elaine ore Sains ore Sac se wiewicln sie ewie sic helianthopolis. 22. First transverse cubital vein but slightly bent; development of ocelli unusual . .23 22. First transverse cubital vein normal; ocellar cicatrices normal ...........-..- 24, 23. Lateral spots on sternites 2-5 and apex of six yellow........-........--- U-scripta. 23. Yellow on tergites limited to lateral spots on 2-4.................-...--. arcuata. 24. Frons narrow; eyes divergent at the clypeus; mandibles slender, nearly devoid GIVER Mecca c tale eee alahs sa) as aisle siolenle nies sis alate eso cate Sores aoe occidentalis. 24. Frons normal; eyes not divergent at the clypeus; mandibles normal ........-. 25. 25. Labrum unusually long (see fig. 217); ultimate tergite rugose (see fig. 216) . .rugosa. 25. Labrum normal; ultimate tergite not rugose, punctate ....................... 26. 26: Clypeus black or marked with black basally ....:.-.- 2-2-2225 5-2... --20 02005 27. MRO Ly MOUS yy CLLOW.OF DOLCE ie. as.0 15:5) copieniaicie- siaiselejorcieaie sie stwie sda ote ye, cys atthe Lays 28. 27. Labrum yellow; ultimate tergite marked with yellow ..............-- troglodytes. 27. Labrum’ black; ultimate tergite black...222-25....0.252.020..22-- helianthopolis. 28. Species large, 17-20 mm.; discal marks on scutum in form of a U, complete or bro kenainto spots sco jose oct we Soe i Lee vel Tt le IO 28. Species smaller, under 17 mm.; discal marks on scutum consisting of a pair of MALO W INOS ME one eels te ace atin sea eee ae Sc tea SOM aa eee deur 30. 29. Second and third sternites broadly banded with yellow; second flagellar seement not equal to the combined length of the third and fourth.............- latifrons. 29. Second and third sternites with only lateral spots; second flagellar segment equal to or greater than the combined length of the third and fourth..........-. sayt. womb asciac on torpites yellowec <2 hhc sods sae 2 oe ea weg ote Sate edinate'> we similans. BU LasciIae ON LEIPIteS WHILC. 2. os oe misc cence ee setsce a; wolettint os smensces primaaestate. BEMBIX ARCUATA, new species. Figs. 139, 140, 185, 206, 207. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, frons except a butterfly-shaped spot below anterior ocellus, posterior orbits prolonged above but not meeting on vertex, pro- thorax, lateral lines, and narrow longitudinal discal lines on scutum, broad fascia on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment extending down on posterior surface, lateral angles and sides of same, metapleurae almost completely, spot on posterior part of mesopleurae, anterior part of mesosternum, fasciae on tergites 1-5, first narrowly imterrupted medially, the anterior border emarginate on either side the midline, second and third narrowed and interrupted medially, biemarginate on anterior dorsal border and on posterior border curved forward on either side toward the midline, fourth similar in design to the third, fifth con- tinuous and biemarginate on anterior border, median spot on sixth, apex of seventh, greater part of the first sternite, lateral spots on 2-4, greater part of coxae and trochanters, femora except stripe on pos- terior surface, tibiae, and tarsi, yellow. The scape is short, broad, and unusually hirsute, and segments 6-11 of the flagellum are slightly spinose on the posterior side. As 65008°—Proc.N,M,vol,52—17——6 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. in the following species this character is in great part produced by the apical borders of the segments on the posterior surface. The ultimate segment is curved, flattened dorso-ventrally, pointed at the apex, and in length somewhat less than the combined length of the two segments immediately preceding. The middle femora below are beset with numerous short spinelike teeth and the middle tibiae, slightly carinate on the inner surface, have the apical margin on the anterior side drawn out into a process bearing a short spine at its tip. The middle metatarsi are curved on the inner side and bear near the base four spines. The second and sixth sternites are devoid of pro- cesses, the seventh bears a pair of carinae that diverge basally, and the eighth ends in a single spine. The genital stipes is very strik- ingly different from that of U-seripta Fox. The maculations on the paratypes vary somewhat from those of the type specimen. Some specimens show a more or less well devel- oped, but broken, U-shaped discal mark on the scutum, the curved fascia on the median segment may be broad and conspicuous or nar- row and broken; the spots on the sides of the thorax vary in extent; the first tergal fascia may be continuous, and the fifth may be broken into spots. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus except median pair of black spots, scape and flagellum below, frons except butterfly-shaped spot below anterior ocellus, posterior orbits not prolonged on vertex, prothorax, lateral lines and broken U-shaped discal mark on scutum, fascia on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, broken curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, lateral angles and sides of same, metapleurae and mesopleurae almost entirely, ante- rior border of mesosternum, fasciae on tergites 1-4, all continuous except the third and similar in design to those of the male, three spots on the fifth, apex of the sixth, lateral spots on sternites 2-4, spot on anterior coxae, trochanters distally, femora except a broad stripe above and a short one also below on posterior pair, tibiae, and tarsi, yellow. The ultimate tergite is somewhat wrinkled and is bordered apically by short but well marked lateral ridges. Length.—17-19 mm. The scape is short but not so broad as in the male. The flagellum is tawny yellow below in the female but in the male it is more tes- taceous. The wings are hyaline, the veins dark brown. The first transverso-cubital vein is only slightly curved. The pubescence is tolerably long and dense and is yellowish white in color; on the abdo- men it is quite short. The ocelli and the labrum are similar to those of the following species to which this species is very closely related. This species is described from four males in the United States National Museum, three of which were collected in Texas and one in New Mexico, and from one female in the collection of the Uni- * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 83 versity of Kansas. ‘The male can be distinguished from the male of U-scripta. Fox, by the character of the genital stipes as shown in the figures and by the fact that U-scripia has the mesosternum and the second and third ventral abdominal segments completely yellow and yellow fasciae on the fifth and sixth. The mesosternum of arcuata is marked with black, sternites two and three have only lateral spots and five and six are entirely black. The female of U-scripta has the mesosternum wholly yellow, lateral spots on stern- ites 2-5, and the apex of six marked with yellow; the female of arcuata has the mesosternum marked with black and the yellow on the sternites confined to small lateral spots on 2-4. Habitat—Texas, New Mexico, Kansas. Type.—Cat. No. 19807, U.S.N.M. BEMBiX U-SCRIPTA Fox. Figs. 141, 208. Bembex U-scripta Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 362, pl. 14, figs. 5, 9, female, male. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape, flagellum below, frons except pair of triangular black spots below anterior ocellus, and pair of widely separated points at base of elyp- eus, broad posterior orbits united across vertex, prothorax entirely, tegulae, broad lateral limes and broad U-shaped discal mark on scutum, broad fascia on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, dorsum and posterior surface of median segment except black band adjacent to postscutellum and narrow border of oblique sutures, sides of median segment, metapleurae and mesopleurae entirely, mesoster- num, broad fasciae on tergites 1-5, each with a pair of emargina- tions and a medial notch on anterior border, the emarginations on second and third deepest, three spots on sixth tergite, apex of sev- enth, sternites 1-3 almost entirely, broad fascia on fourth with medial emargination on anterior border, narrow broken fascia on fifth, broader one on sixth, apex of seventh, legs except narrow stripes on posterior surface of anterior and posterior femora, yellow. The scape is very short and broad and segments 5-i1 of the flagellum are slightly spinose on the posterior surface, 8-11 most evidently so. The apical segment is curved, conical in outline and almost as long as the two segments immediately preceding it. The middle femora are dentate. The middle tibiae are slightly carinate on the inner surface and the anterior margin at the apex is drawn out into a process that bears a short spine at its tip. The middle metatarsi are strongly curved on the inner side and basally bear four spines. The second and sixth sternites are without processes of any kind, but the seventh bears a pair of carinae that diverge basally. The eighth ends in a single spine. ‘ 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus except a pair of medial spots that may merge into one, scape and flagellum below, frons except a butterfly-shaped spot below anterior ocellus, broad posterior orbits united across vertex, prothorax, broad lateral lines, and U-shaped discal mark on scutum, fascia on scutellum, metanotum, dorsum and posterior surface of median segment except black transverse border adjacent to postscutellum and border of oblique sutures, sides of median segment, metathorax and meso- thorax, mesosternum entire on greater part, broad continuous fasciae on tergites 1-4, each with a medial notch and a pair of dorsal emar- ginations on anterior border, second, third, and fourth with less prominent lateral emarginations, three spots on fifth, apex of sixth, first sternite, second except a rather broad, medial, longitudinal black mark, lateral spots on 3-5, apex of sixth, legs except stripe on posterior surface of fermora, and sometimes on tibiae below, yellow The sixth tergite is somewhat wrinkled and apically there is a pair of short but well marked lateral ridges. Length.—18 mm. The scape in the female is short but not so broad as in the male. The ocelli in this and the preceding species are peculiar in that the posterior pair are well developed, though not perfectly round, and are in all probability functional. The anterior ocellus is also de- veloped, appearing in long oval form but to what extent it is func- tional, if any, is yet to be learned. All three ocelli are light or amber in color on the dried insects. At the base the labrum bears a tri- angular flattened median area the apex of which forms a slight prominence on the median line. When viewed from the side a slight transverse depression is evident just distal to this prominence from which to the apex along the midline extends a slight carina. The wings are hyaline, the veins dark brown, and the first transver- so-cubital vein is but slightly curved. The pubescence on the head and thorax is long, tolerably dense and yellowish white; that on the abdomen is quite short. The extent of the color on the thorax is unusually variable. On one specimen, from Arizona, the thorax is entirely yellow except for the narrow longitudinal lines on the scutum. Habitat.—Arizona, California, and New Mexico. Number of specimens examined—Males, 2; females, 4. BEMBIX CINEREA Handilirsch. Figs. 142, 143, 186. Bembex cinerea Hanvurscu, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.—Nat. Cl., vol. 102, 1893, p. 837, pl. 2, fig. 34; pl. 3, fig. 29, female, male. Male.—Black: Labrum, except the lateral borders, sometimes small spots on mandibles, clypeus except the more or less wide lat- eral borders, small spot between antennae, scape below, abbreviated * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 85 anterior orbits, which may be lacking, narrow posterior orbits, which also may be lacking, lateral spots on tergites 1-4 or 1-5, lateral spots on sternites 2-4 or 2-5, femora distally below more or less, tibiae below and on anterior border, tarsi in varying degree, yellow. The flagellum is cylindrical; segments 7 and 8 are very faintly spinose on posterior border, due to the presence of specialized areas, which on these and on the more apical segments do not assume the form of prominent pits. The apical segment is not curved, is rounded at the apex and is somewhat shorter than the combined length of the two just preceding it. The middle femora are finely serrate below. The middle tarsus is relatively shorter than is usual for the species of this genus, but on all specimens before me it is somewhat longer than its subtending tibia. The second and sixth sternites are usually without processes of any kind, but occasionally a very small one is found on the sixth. The seventh bears a median carina and also a par of less prominent lateral carinae. Female.—Black: Labrum, clypeus, scape below, spot between antennae, abbreviated anterior orbits, much reduced posterior orbits, femora distally below more or less, tibiae on anterior borders, tarsi in varying degree, yellow. Lateral spots on tergites 2-4 or 2-5, in some specimens broad at the sides but attenuated toward the mid- line, where they are more or less approximated, lateral spots on sternites 2-4 or 2-5, yelloursh or greenish white. Length.—13-17 mm. The eyes in this species are widely separated, slightly more so in the female than in the male, and their inner margins are almost par- allel. The head, thorax, and base of abdomen are covered with rather long white pubescence; elsewhere on the abdomen the pubescence is shorter. The ultimate tergite of the female is evenly and coarsely punctate, giving its surface a roughened appearance; laterally it is provided with long white pubescence among which are placed some short black spines. The extent and the intensity of the black marks upon the tarsi vary much, but on both sexes the hind tarsi are constantly very dark, almost black above. In his description of this species Handlirsch fails to state the color of the maculations. The male of this species is distinguished by the presence of the black borders on the clypeus, which leave the central yellow spot in the form of a triangle with the apex at the midline of the base of the clypeus. It is further distinguished from the following species by its smaller size and by the presence of the black color of the tibiae, a mark that also distinguishes the female of this species from that of the following. Halitat.—Georgia, Florida, Texas, and New Jersey. Number of specimens examined—Males, 13; females, 5. 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. BEMBIX HINEI, new species. Figs. 144, 145, 187, 209. Male.—Black: Labrum, clypeus, mandibles except apices, spot between antennae, scape below, broad anterior orbits much shortened above, narrow posterior orbits, spot on sides of prothorax including lower part of tubercles, tegulae in part, spot on base of anterior wing, conspicuous lateral spots on tergites 1-5, lateral spots on sternites 2-6, greater part of femora, tibiae, and tarsi entirely, yellow. The flagellum is neither spinose nor dentate, the middle femora are feebly serrate, and the middle tarsi are short as in the case of cinerea. The second and sixth sternites are without processes. The seventh bears a median carina and a lesser pair of lateral carinae. Female.—Black: Labrum, clypeus, mandibles except apices, spot between antennae, scape below, broad anterior orbits, narrow pos- terior orbits, spot on sides of prothorax including part of tubercles, tegulae in part, spot on base of anterior wing, conspicuous lateral spots on tergites 1—5, those on first segment widely separated, those on 2-4 attenuated toward mid-dorsal line and more or less approxi- mated, lateral spots on sternites 2-5, greater part of the femora, tibiae, and tarsi entirely, yellow. Length.—15-19 mm. The wings in both sexes are hyaline and the pubescence is white, tolerably dense, and short except on the frons. It is very short on the abdomen except on the sixth tergite of the female, where it is white, long, and mingled with short, stout black spines. The varia- tion in the maculations is slight and insignificant. This species stands quite close to B. cinerea Handlirsch, to which species most of the individuals of this one found in our collections have been referred by those who identified them. .A few specimens have been confused with B. beutenmulleri Fox, from which species the female of this one can with difficulty be distinguished. It differs from cinerea both in size and coloration. These differences, although they are the least satisfactory to depend upon in determining species, are clear cut in both males and females, and I have found no interme- diate forms. In cinerea the abdominal markings on the female are creamy white, in hinei they are deep yellow; in cinerea the clypeus is bordered with black in the male, in hinet the clypeus is invariably yellow. In cinerea in both sexes the mandibles are black and the tibiae and tarsi are more or less black; in hinei these parts are almost wholly yellow, the tarsi invariably so. The genital stipes also differs in form from that of cinerea. Named for my friend and first instructor in entomology, Prof. James S. Hine. Habitat.—Texas, and Louisiana. Number of specimens examined—Males, 10; females, 21. Type.—Cat. No. 19809, U.S.N.M. *» No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 87 ca i ET I SE es BEMBIX NUBILIPENNIS Cresson. Figs. 146, 147, 188. Bembex nubilipennis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 218, female, male. Bembex nubilipennis Hanvurscu, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.—Nat. Cl., vol. 102, 1893, p. 838, pl. 2, fig. 38; pl. 7, fig. 25. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, lower part of frons, spot before anterior ocellus, scape below, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits, narrow line on posterior border of pronotum, sometimes widely interrupted medially or entirely wanting, spot on sides of prothorax variable in extent and usually including the tuber- cles, spot on tegulae, short lateral lines on scutum above base of wings, sometimes small lateral spots on scutellum, spot on lateral angles of median segment very frequently lacking, small spot on mesopleurae on a few specimens, broad fasciae on tergites 2-5 and sometimes 6, the first abruptly narrowed and more or less widely interrupted medially, the remaining fasciae with rare exceptions all continuous, biemarginate, and slightly notched medially, on anterior border and more widely notched medially on posterior border, lateral spots on sternites 2-5, which may or may not be connected by apical lines, femora except basally, tibiae, and tarsi, yellow. Segments 6-9 of the flagellum are spinose on the posterior border and segments 4-11 on the posterior surface bear pits, those on 10 and 11 being large and conspicuous. The ultimate segment is a trifle longer than the preceding segment, only slightly cruved, broader at the base than at the apex, and is roundly truncate apically. The intermediate femora are unevenly and raggedly serrate below. The second sternite bears a large median tubercle, hooked and pointed posteriorly, and the sixth bears a prominent oblique process, flattened on its distal surface and roundly pointed at the apex. ‘This sternite also bears an additional pair of rounded lateral processes or ridges. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, space between insertions of antennae extended upward slightly, spot in front of anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, broad posterior orbits narrowed above, posterior border of pronotum, sides of pro- thorax except dusky line in front of tubercles, tegulae, lateral lines on scutum frequently shortened, sometimes a pair of discal lines on scutum, broad fascia on scutellum sometimes narrowed medially, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment frequently interrupted medially, lateral angles of median segment and more or less of sides of same, spot on metapleurae, spot variable in size on mesopleurae, broad continuous fasciae on tergites 1-5, the first sometimes interrupted medially, more frequently roundly emar- ginate on anterior middle, rarely inclosing a pair of small medial an- terior black spots, second usually inclosing a pair of black spots 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. which may appear as anterior emarginations, third, fourth, and fifth more or less distinctly biemarginate on anterior border, second, third, and fourth acutely notched at middle of posterior border, lateral spots on sternites 2-5, those on second sometimes connected by an apical line, femora except to a slight extent basally, tibiae, and tarsi, yellow. Length.—17-20 mm. The wings of the female are conspicuously clouded medially; those of the male are hyaline with only a trace of the clouding on the wings of some individuals. The veins are dark brown. The flagel- lum on the female is usually fulvous or tawny below, but on the male the color is limited to the more basal segments. The pubescence is light, sparse and relatively short. The variation in the maculations of this species is greater than usual, especially on the female. The great majority of the females do not show discal marks on the scutum but a few specimens show not only a well developed pair of longi- tudinal discal lines but also a posterior transverse line. On some the sides of the thorax and median segment are almost wholly yellow, whereas on others these parts are almost entirely black. Habitat.—Tennessee, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, and Arizona. Number of specimens examined—Males, 31; females, 46. BEMBIX AMOENA Handlirsch. Figs. 148, 149, 189, 210. Bembex amoena Hanpuirscu, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. CL, vol. 102, 1893, p. 769, male, female, pl. 1, fig. 32; pl. 6, fig. 31. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, lower part of frons, scape below, broad anterior orbits sometimes shortened above, narrow posterior orbits broader below and not reaching vertex above, spot on sides of prothorax sometimes including tubercles, spot on tegulae, wanting in some specimens, large irregular spot on side of mesopleurae united on mesosternum, pair of small spots on mesosternum in front of middle coxae, sometimes wanting, fasciae on tergites entirely absent or present on 1-5, first broad laterally, narrow and widely interrupted medially, remainder narrow, strongly undu- late and narrowly interrupted medially, pair of median spots on sixth, lateral spots on sternites 1-5, sometimes reduced to 2-3, coxae below more or less, trochanters more or less in some specimens and in others not at all, femora below, tibiae except spot below in some specimens, and tarsi, greenish yellow or white. Segments 5-8 of the flagellum when viewed from above show small but distinct spines on the posterior surface, and segments 5-12 bear pits or excavations on their posterior surfaces best developed on > NO. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 89 9-11. The apical segment is only slightly curved and when seen from above is of uniform width from base to near the apex, which is slightly rounded. The middle femora are distinctly dentate below and the middle tibiae bear on their inner surface a distinct, but not greatly compressed carina. The apical spur of the middle tibia reaches to or beyond the middle point of the metatarsus. The second sternite bears a median longitudinal process and the sixth a promi- nent, elongated process that is flattened on its ventral surface in a plane nearly parallel with the long axis of the body and is usually bifurcate at the tip. The seventh bears a median prominent carina and laterally near the base a pair of slight elevations. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, lower part of frons, anterior orbits, scape below, posterior orbits broader below, broken spot on sides of prothorax, one or two small spots on mesopleurae, fasciae on tergites 1-4 or 1-5, first narrowed medially and rather widely interrupted, remainder strongly undulate and narrowly interrupted medially, that on 5 sometimes broken or sup- pressed, lateral spots on tergites 2-4 or 2-5, spot on anterior coxae below, absent on some specimens, femora below more or less, tibiae except broad stripe below, and tarsi, greenish white or greenish yellow, the tibiae and tarsi having arusty tinge. Thesixth tergite is coarsely and irregularly punctated with a tendency to become rugose at the sides apically. Length.—19-22 mm. The wings in both sexes are hyaline, veins brown. The head, thorax, median segment and base of abdomen are covered with long, dense pubescence, particularly well developed about the head, on the median segment and base of abdomen. The pubescence on the basal segments of the legs, dorsal surface of the thorax and the abdomen, except the base, is shorter and less conspicuous. The scape is heavy and stout, especially on the male. The flagellum is much lighter below than above on the female, less evidently so on the male. The apical spur on the middle tibia of the female is the same as on the male. The extremes of the series show a wide variation in the color mark- ings. This is especially true for the male. At one extreme the abdomen is entirely black; at the other, tergites 1-5 each bears a comparatively broad fascia interrupted medially, and the sixth a pair of median spots. With reference to other maculations the extremes show a like divergence. At one extreme we find the sides of the tho- rax and median segment showing only a small spot on the mesopleurae ; at the other not only the thorax but even the sides of the median segment show prominent maculations. Between these extremes, how- ever, we find a well-graded series passing from one to the other. In the female the divergence, though evident in the series, is not so great. 90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. On some specimens a pair of irregular black basal spots is found on the clypeus which spots are lacking on those on which the yellow maculations are best developed. It is difficult to distinguish the most highly colored males of this species from the least well maculated males of sayi. The characters that distinguish this species from the latter are, however, the long apical spur of the middle tibia and the shape of the process on the sixth sternite. The genital stipes of the two are almost identical. Habitat.—Yellowstone Park, Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, and Cali- fornia. Number of specimens examined—Males, 17; females, 5. BEMBIX SAYI Cresson. Figs. 150, 151, 190, 211. Bembex sayi CRESSON, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 4, 1865, p. 467, female. Bembex sayt Hanvurrscn, Sitz. Acad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.—Nat. Cl., vol. 102, 1893, p. 877, female. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, lower part of frons continued upward between the antennae and united with spot in front of anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, scape except narrow stripe above, posterior orbits, prothorax entirely, tegulae, lateral lines and a pair of narrow discal lines on scutum, narrow fascia on posterior border of scutellum greatly enlarged lat- erally, narrow fasciae on metanotum, large triangular spot squarely emarginate below on posterior surface of median segment, lateral angles and sides of same, metapleurae, one large irregular spot con- tinued on mesosternum and two small posterior ones on mesopleurae, broad fasciae on tergites 1-6, all undulate laterally and continuous except the first, second inclosing a pair of elliptical dorsal black spots, third, fourth, and fifth biemarginate on anterior dorsal border, second to sixth distinctly notched medially on posterior border, posterior border of first sternite, large lateral spots on second almost united medially, smaller lateral spots on 3-6, legs entirely except black stripe above on anterior femora, small black spots on base of trochanters and at base of posterior femora, yellow or yellowish white. The description above is made from the most highly colored male in the series before me. The least highly colored is as follows: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, lower part of frons, scape below, anterior and posterior orbits, small lateral spots on dorsal border of pronotum, large spot on sides of prothorax including tuber- cles in part, spot on tegulae, minute spot above tegulae on scutum, two spots on mesopleurae, pair of smaller ones on mesosternum, narrow undulate, interrupted fasciae on tergites 1-5, small lateral spots on sternites 2 and 3, spot on anterior and middle coxae below, © no. 2178. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 91 femora except broad stripe above on all and a short one below on posterior pair, tibiae except narrow line below on anterior and middle pairs, and tarsi, yellow or yellowish white. The markings of the abdomen are decidedly white. Between these two extremes I have before me a very complete series of gradations wherein the extensive markings of the one are almost imperceptibly reduced to the meager maculations of the other. In other respects the series is remarkably uniform. The scape is broad and stout and viewed from the side is larger apically than at the base. Segments 5-8 of the flagellum are spinose posteri- orly and 4-12 bear pits or excavations on their posterior surface, most conspicuous on 9-11. The apical segment seen from above is curved and widest at the base, the width decreasing perceptibly toward the apex. The middle femora are dentate below and the middle tibiae bear a longitudinal carina on the inner side. The spur at the apex of the middle tibia is less than half the length of the middle metatarsus. The second sternite bears a prominent, laterally compressed, median process, and the sixth a process equally promi- nent, usually bifurcate at the apex, its ventral surface flattened or provided with a median groove but not placed parallel with the long axis of the body as in the case of amoena. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, lower part of frons, spot before anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, poste- rior orbits broad below, prothorax except dusky spot in front of tubercles and an anterior dorsal median spot sometimes broken into lateral spots, tegulae, lateral lines on scutum, pair of longitudinal discal lines and a posterior transverse discal line, sometimes wanting, on scutum, transverse fascia on posterior border of scutellum en- larged laterally, fascia on metanotum rarely wanting, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, its lateral angles and sides except a median black emargination on dorsal border of side, metapleurae, mesopleurae wholly or for the most part, broad fasciae on tergites, all continuous except the first, which is narrowly interrupted medi- ally, the second or second and third inclosing a pair of dorsal elliptical black spots, which in some specimens are united with the anterior black border in the form of emarginations, fourth and fifth with a pair of anterior dorsal emarginations and a less evident pair of lateral ones, second to fifth with a deep acute median notch on posterior border, spot on apex of ultimate tergite, reduced in some specimens and wanting in others, lateral spots on sternites 1-5 or 2-4, legs almost entirely in the lighter specimens, in the darker ones spots on anterior and middle coxae, femora except above and stripe below on posterior pair, tibiae except stripe below on all, and tarsi, yellow or yellowish white. Length.—17-19 mm. 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. On both sexes the pubescence on the head, thorax, median seg- ments and base of abdomen is white and moderately long and dense, but not so well developed as in the case of amoena. The wings are hyaline, veins brown. ‘The scape is relatively short and heavy; the flageltum is reddish below, especially in the female. The punctures of the scutum are moderately large, evenly but not closely distrib- uted. Those of the median segment smaller and more closely placed. The punctures of the ultimate tergite are coarser, variable in size, and more irregularly placed. A small female from Texas apparently belongs in this species, though it lacks the discal marks on the scutum, the yellow fascia on the median segment and the dorsal fasciae are narrow and none inclose paired black spots. Habitat—Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Number of specimens examined—Males, 29; females, 15. BEMBIX BELFRAGEI Cresson. Figs. 152, 153, 191, 212, 213. Bembex bel fragei Cressey, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 220, male. Bembex cressonis Hanpurrscu, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. CL, vol. 102, 1893, p. 792, male, female, pl. 5, fig. 6. Bembex insignis Hanpvuirscn, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.—Nat. Cl., vol. 102, 1893, p. 793, male, female, pl. 2, fig. 7; pl. 6, fig. 32. Bembex bel fragei Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1895, p. 357. Male.—Black: Labrum wholly or with small basal spots or not at all, clypeus, wholly or with pair of apical spots or not at all, mandibles except apices, scape below or not at all, anterior orbits and spot between antennae which marks may all be lacking, posterior orbits, spot on sides of prothorax continued on tubercles or wholly wanting, rarely spot on mesopleurae and small lateral spots on scutellum, fasciae on tergites 1-4 or 1-6 all interrupted medially, first broad and more widely interrupted than the remainder, second and third broad laterally and abruptly narrowed dorsally on either side the midline, remainder narrower and somewhat undulate, lateral spots on ster-. nites 2-3 or 2-5, femora below more or less, tibiae except much of lower surface, and tarsi, yellow or greenish yellow. Segments 7-9 of the flagellum are slightly produced on their pos- terior margin and 9-11 bear prominent pits. The apical segment is slightly curved and is longer but narrower than the segment preceding it. The middle femora are dentate below on the distal half. The second sternite bears a large medial, laterally compressed, slightly hooked process. The sixth bears a heavy prominent transverse ridge usually drawn to a sharp edge on its posterior distal border, bluntly pointed medially and slightly curved on either side. The seventh bears a small median posterior process from which a pair of incon- spicuous carinae diverge basally. The apical surface of the ultimate tergite is more or less rugose. * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 93 Female.—Black: Spot on mandibles not always present, very small lateral spots on scutellum, fasciae on tergites 1-4 interrupted medially, the first broad and a trifle more widely interrupted than the others, second and third broad laterally and on anterior border abruptly nar- rowed or emarginated on either side the midline, fourth narrower but similar in design to the third, small posterior lateral spots on sternites 2 or 2-4, only the border of the femora, tibiae, and tarsi more or less, or distal ends of the femora and the tibiae and tarsi almost entirely, yellow or greenish yellow. The dorsal surface of the ultimate tergite is strongly wrinkled longitudinally. Length.—16-18 mm. The females from Wisconsin have the antennae and the front of the head, except spot on mandibles, entirely black. In both specimens there are yellow spots on the mesopleurae, lateral spots on the scutel- lum, also on metanotum and median segment dorsally, and on stern- ites 2-3. On one the spots are better developed than on the other, the first and second tergal fasciae are very broad, the second dorsally enclosing a pair of black spots, a character peculiar to Handlirsch’s insignis. The females from Kansas have the antennae, the head, except the much-reduced posterior orbits, and the thorax, except small lateral spots on scutellum, wholly black. The legs also, includ- ing the tibiae and tarsi, are almost entirely black, and the yellow on the venter of the abdomen is reduced to small lateral spots on ster- nites 2 or 2-3. The characteristic wrinkling of the sixth tergite is constant on all the specimens. In both sexes the labrum when viewed from the side shows a dis- tinct transverse impression. The scape is short and stout; the flagel- lum is black and the apical segment is longer but slightly narrower than the preceding segment. 'The wings are very slightly infumated, .the veins brown. The head, thorax, median segment and base of abdomen are covered with relatively short, moderately dense pubes- cence, dark on dorsum of thorax, white elsewhere. The punctation of the dorsum of the thorax is regular, close, and moderately fine. The eyes are widely separated and are slightly divergent at the vertex. Handlirsch arrived at the conviction that Cresson, in his description of belfragei, included two distinct species and being unable to deter- mine to which the name belfragei should be applied, discarded that name entirely and substituted the names cressonis and insignis instead. Fox in his Synopsis of the Bembicini of Boreal America restored the original name by making cressonis Handlirsch a synonym of belfragei Cresson and retained insignis Handlirsch as a good species. A careful study of the specimens at hand and also of those in the col- lection of the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia raises the question of the validity of Handlirsch’s insignis. Structurally it is, as Handlirsch himself points out, essentially like cressonis and in 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. his table Handlirsch makes use of only color differences to separate his two species. These differences, made use of by Handlirsch, repre- sent, as a matter of fact, simply extremes in a variable series, as is shown by the series of specimens I have examined. In the series I find one male that has the labrum, clypeus, lower side of scape, frontal spot, wide anterior and narrow posterior orbits yellow—charac- ter pecular to insignis. It also has narrow, interrupted, conspicuous fasciae on fourth, fifth, and sixth tergites—characters that distinguish cressonis—thus combining in one individual the very characters by means of which the two species have been separated. Other speci- mens also, both males and females, show a greater or less degree of variation in their maculations and these variations are present in those maculations that we should expect to find relatively constant if they are to be regarded as specific characters. Furthermore, so far as I can discover, there is no variation whatever in structure in either sex. I have, therefore, been forced to conclude that we have only one species variable in color and also somewhat in size and have placed the specimens in Cresson’s original species belfraget. Habitat.—Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Kansas, and Wisconsin. Number of specimens examined—Males, 11; females, 7. BEMBIX STENOBDOMA, new species. Figs. 154, 192, 214, 215. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape, basal segments of flagelium below, spot between antennae, broad anterior orbits narrowly prolonged onto vertex and joined by a transverse line below anterior ocellus, broad posterior orbits nar- rowed to a fine line above, prothorax almost entirely, lateral lmes and a pair of discal lines on scutum, tegulae, narrow fascia on scutel- lum enlarged laterally, narrow curved fascia on metanotum, short narrow oblique lines basally on dorsum of median segment, sides of median segment, mesothorax and metathorax entirely, mesoster- mum except small black spots in front of middle coxae, broad fasciae on tergites 1-6, first slightly narrowed medially, second to sixth biemarginate and also notched medially on anterior dorsal border, apex of seventh tergite, first sternite, second except three anterior black spots, broad fasciae on third and fourth with a median triangular anterior emargination, lateral spots on fifth, apex of sixth, seventh, legs except basal black spots on middle and posterior coxae and narrow black stripe on all femora above, greenish yellow. The markings of the scutellum, metanotum, and dorsum of abdomen are more white than yellow; this is true to a less extent of the clypeus while the legs lack the greenish tinge. The scape is very short, stout, and thick and the flagellum is unusu- ally light in color, shading below from yellow at the base to tawny . No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 95 at the apex. The flagellum is cylindrical, the first segment smallest in diameter, the last three slightly flattened and decreasing in width imperceptibly to the apical segment, which is very slightly curved and rounded at the apex. Segments 9-11 bear conspicuous pits and 7-8 smaller ones. The seventh is spinose on the posterior surface. The middle femora are dentate below, and the spur at the apex of the middle tibia is curved. The middle metatarsus is unusually short and is bent in outline. The wings are hyaline, vems brown. The pubescence on head, thorax, and base of abdomen is white, short, and sparse, elsewhere on abdomen almost lacking. The second sternite bears a large prominent hooked process; the third, an evident median carina; the fifth, a pair of very small approximated tubercles apically; the sixth, a low broad transverse process whose posterior face is at right angles to the plane of the segment. With respect to this process on the sixth sternite the species resembles B. belfraget. The seventh sternite is greatly narrowed, but it is not reduced to the form of a spine. Length—16 mm. Described from a single specimen. Habitat —Florence, Arizona. Type.—Male, in collection of American Entomological Society of Philadelphia. BEMBIX RUGOSA, new species. Figs. 216, 217. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, an- terior orbits, scape and flagellum below, small rounded spot on either side of anterior ocellus, narrow posterior orbits, sides of pro- thorax united by a narrow line on posterior border of pronotum, tegulae, lateral lines and a pair of short anterior discal lines on scutum, fascia on scutellum narrowed medially, fascia on metanotum, pair of short, broad, oblique lines on dorsum of median segment, spot on mesothorax, broad fasciae on tergites 1-4, first slightly emarginate on anterior middle, second, third, and fourth each with five emargi- nations on anterior border—i. e., a shallow median notch, a deeper square indentation on either side of this and laterally on either side a shallow sinuation, pair of spots on fifth, lateral spots on sternites 2-4, the last pair quite small, apex of ultimate sternite, femora dis- tally, tibiae, and tarsi, pale greenish or creamy yellow. The antennae are cylindrical, long, and slender. The clypeus is strongly arched, shows a silvery reflection and on the midline at the apical border it bears a very slight depression. The labrum is unusually long and slender, as shown in figure 217. The legs are also slender and longer than usual. The spur at the apex of the middle tibia does not reach the middle metatarsus and the spine on the posterior side is almost equally well developed. The wings are hyaline, the veins brown. The pubescence on head, thorax, and 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. SP ef 5 Ek NAOT Bist OR OE ees base of abdomen is white, relatively long and moderately dense; elsewhere on the abdomen short and sparse. The ultimate tergite of the abdomen apically bears short, well-marked lateral carinae that, though not evident in a dorsal view, set off a fairly well defined middlefield, which is strongly wrinkled, a character in which it resembles B. belfrageit. This character and the unusually long labrum form a pair of distinguishing features by which this species can be readily recognized. Length.—14 mm. It is possible that this is the female of the preceding species. Although these two specimens, on which the two species are based, do not resemble one another sufficiently to warrant my associating them as sexes of one species, nevertheless their resemblance to the male and female respectively of belfragei causes me to suspect that they may be sexes of a single species. Described from a single specimen in the United States National Museum. Habitat.—Arizona. Type.—Cat. No. 19782, U.S.N.M. BEMBIX FOXI, new species. Figs. 155, 156, 193. Bembex sayi Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 359, female, male. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, frons between antennae, broad anterior orbits somewhat shortened and also deflected inward above, spot below anterior ocel- lus, narrow posterior orbits, posterior border of pronotum, sides of prothorax except irregular spot in front of tubercles, weak lateral lines and pair of short discal lines on scutum, spot on sides of median segment, spot on metapleurae, irregular spot on mesopleurae, fasciae on tergites 1-6, first somewhat widely interrupted, second broadest and inclosing a pair of elliptical dorsal black spots, third with a pair of dorsal anterior emarginations, fourth and fifth similar to the third but with broader and more shallow emarginations, apex of seventh, fascia on second sternite inclosing transverse black area posterior to the median process, lateral spots on sternites 3-7, spot on anterior and middle coxae, femora except basally and line above on first pair, tibiae except line below on first pair, and tarsi, bright yellow. The flagellum is dark above, light or yellowish below; segments 7-8 are slightly spinose on the posterior border; the ultimate seg- ment is somewhat curved and tapers toward the apex where it is roundly but obliquely truncate. The pubescence is white and tol- erably well developed on head, thorax, median segment and base of abdomen; it is shortest on the dorsum of the thorax and longest on » No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 97 sides of thorax and median segment. The middle femora are finely but not deeply serrate. The second sternite bears a large, prominent, hook-like process, of which the backwardly directed distal prolonga- tion, ending in a sharp point, is relatively greater than that of any other species herein described. The sixth bears a pointed, narrow, triangular process whose ventral surface is slightly concave longi- tudinally. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, frons between antennae, broad anterior orbits shortened and deflected inward above, spot before anterior ocellus, narrow posterior orbits, posterior border of pronotum, sides of prothorax except irregu- lar spot in front of tubercles, lateral lines and pair of discal lines on scutum, lateral spots on scutellum, spot on sides of median segment, spot on metapleurae, irregular spot on mesopleurae, fasciae on tergites 1-5, first widely interrupted, remainder very narrowly interrupted, second imperfectly inclosing a pair of dorsal black spots, remainder with a pair of broad, shallow, anterior, dorsal emarginations, apex of sixth tergite, lateral spots on sternites 2-5, spot on anterior and middle coxae, femora except basally and upper surface of anterior pair, tibiae except stripe above and below on anterior and middle pairs, and tarsi, yellow. Length.—14 mm. The flagellum is light below, more so than in the male, and the pubescence is similar to that on the male. The wings in both sexes are hyaline and the sculpturing is of the normal character. On the female and on one male the fasciae on the tergites are very narrowly interrupted, appearing for the most part as if developed in lateral halves that have just failed of uniting on the dorsal midline. This species in the pattern and color of its maculations resembles very closely B. troglodytes Handlirsch, from which the male of this species can be readily distinguished by the presence of the serrate middle femora and spinose antennae. The female is distinguished from troglodytes by the absence of any black on the clypeus and by the absence of maculations on the metanotum and dorsum of median segment. The male differs from spinolae, similans, and cameroni in the character of the process on the second sternite, the spinose seg- ments of the antennae and the form of the genital stipes. From the females of these three species the female of this one differs in the character of the maculations. Fox referred the males of this species to sayi Cresson, and it was doubtless on these same specimens that he based his description of the male of that species. Described from two males and one female. Habitat.—Illinois. Type.—Male and paratypes in collection of the American Ento- mological Society of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——_7 98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. ee ee a BEMBIX SPINOLAE Lepeletier. Figs. 157, 158, 159, 160, 194. Bembex spinolae LEPELETIER, Hist. Nat., 1845, VOLS, Pp. 211. Bembex fasciata Dautbom, Hymen. Europ., vol. 1, 1845, p. 487, female. Bembex fasciata WausH and Ritey, Amer. Ent., vol. 1, 1860, p. 126, fig. 98. Bembex spinolae Hanpurscu, Sitz, Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.—Nat. Cl., vol. 102, 1893, p. 825. Bembex spinolae Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 357. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape and first two flagellar segments below, spot between antennae, broad anterior orbits, narrow posterior orbits, spot on sides of prothorax sometimes extensive and sometimes wanting, tubercles and posterior border of the segment both above and below tubercles variable in extent, tegulae more or less, sometimes small spot on mesopleurae, rarely small lateral spots on scutellum, fasciae on tergites 1-5, all of which may be interrupted medially or all continuous except the first, lateral spots on sternites 2-5, femora distally more or less, tibiae ex- cept stripe on posterior surface variable in extent, and tarsi, light or greenish yellow. The antennae are slender and segments 7-9 and sometimes 6 also are spinose on the posterior surface, due to the presence of small pits, of which larger ones are found on 10 and 11. The middle femora are dentate. The second sternite usually bears a prominent median tubercle but this in some specimens is much reduced or wholly want- ing. The sixth bears a small median process that is pointed and obliquely directed backward. The seventh bears a median carina more or less pointed posteriorly. The genital stipes vary somewhat, as is shown in the accompanying figures. The variation in the extent of the maculations is great. As a rule the maculations are less ex- tensive on those specimens from the north than on those from the south, but this is by no means universal. The abdominal fasciae may be very narrow or relatively broad, closely approximated or widely separated medially and more or less sinuate in outline. The markings of the thorax also varies. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, spot between antennae, scape and basal part of flagellum below, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits, spot on side of prothorax variable in extent, tubercles more or less, posterior border of the segment above and below the tubercles variable in extent, spot upon sides of meso- pleurae variable in size and sometimes wanting, sometimes spot on sides of median segment, fasciae on tergites 1-5, the first invariably interrupted medially, the remainder in some cases all interrupted medially, in others only part interrupted, and in still others all con- tinuous, lateral spots on sternites 2-4, femora distally more or less, * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 99 tibiae, except stripe, of greater or less extent below, and tarsi, light yellow or greenish white. Length.—14-17 mm. The wings in both sexes are hyaline and the nervures brown. The pubescence is white, relatively short and tolerably dense on head, thorax and base of abdomen; on the remaining segments of the abdomen it is quite short. The punctation in both sexes is of the usual character. Habitat.—Texas, Kansas, Missouri, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, West Virginia, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Long Island, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Ontario, Ohio, In- diana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, South Dakota. Number of specimens examined—Males, 41; females, 83. BEMBIX CAMERONI Rohwer. Figs. 161, 162, 195. Bembyx cameroni Rouwer, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 1912, p. 467. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, very broad anterior orbits abbreviated above, space between insertions of antennae prolonged upward, spot below anterior ocellus, line on posterior border of pronotum, tubercles, sides of prothorax in part, spot on tegulae, small lateral spots on scutum at base of anterior wing, broad fasciae on tergites 1-6, first narrowly inter- rupted medially, second, third, and fourth biemarginate dorsally and sinuate laterally on anterior margin and on posterior margin acutely emarginate medially, fifth and sixth but slightly emarginate or sinuate, small spot on apex of seventh, lateral spots on sternites 2-5, the greater part of the femora distally, tibiae except spot below on anterior pair, and tarsi, yellow. The middle femora are dentate and the antennae are spinose on the posterior border of segments 5-9. The second sternite bears a prominent hooked process and the sixth a somewhat short, broad, roundly pointed process whose ventral surface distally is slightly concave, presenting a spoon-shaped appearance. The spot before the anterior ocellus is wanting on some specimens, and the line on the pronotum consists of spots. On some specimens the scutellum bears small lateral spots and lateral spots may occur on the sixth sternite. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, broad anterior orbits shortened above, space between antennae, line on posterior border of pronotum tubercles, sides of the prothorax in part, spot on tegulae, short lateral line on scutum at base of wings, lateral spots on scutellum, fasciae on tergites 1-5, first interrupted, second, third, and fourth biemarginate dorsally and somewhat sinuate 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 52. laterally on anterior border, and notched medially on both anterior and posterior borders, more evident on the latter, fifth deeply and acutely notched on posterior middle, central spot on sixth tergite, small lateral spots on sternites 2-5, femora distally, tibiae except spot below on first and second pairs, and tarsi, yellow. In both sexes the flagellum is tawny below and the pubescence is well developed, especially on the males. The eyes are widely separa- ted and their inner margins are approximately parallel. The wings are hyaline and the general build is somewhat robust. Length.—16-18 mm. This species seems to be intermediate between nubilipennis and spinolae, not so large as the former and a trifle larger and more robust than the latter. From the former the males of this speciss can be readily distinguished by the absence in this species of the secondary lateral processes on the sixth sternite and the presence of an evident spine on the fifth segment of the antennae. From the latter it may be distinguished by the flattened, roundly pointed process of the sixth sternite, the richer color of the maculations, which show less of the greenish tinge, and the presence of the spine on the fifth segment of the antennae, characters not found on spinolae. The female is distinguished from nubilipennis by its clear wings and from spinolae, and the light banded species closely related to it by the deeper yellow of the maculations, and from the yellow-maculated similans by the absence of any maculations upon the mesopleurae and metapleurae. Habitat.—Mexico, New Mexico, Arizona. Number of specimens examined—Males, 11; females, 3. BEMBIX COMATA, new species. Figs. 163, 164, 165, 196. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, spot between antennae, broad anterior orbits, very narrow posterior orbits, broken line on posterior border of pronotum, posterior edge of tubercle continued in a line downward and spot on side of prothorax, spot on tegulae, short lateral lines on scutum, broad sinuate fasciae on tergites 1-6, all except the first continuous, apex of seventh tergite, lateral spots on sternites 2-6, femora distally, tibiae except stripe below on first pair, and tarsi, pale or greenish yellow or soiled white. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, spot between antennae, broad anterior orbits, narrow posterior orbits, broken line on posterior border of pronotum, tubercles, spot on sides of prothorax, spot on tegulae, short lateral lines on scutum above base of wings, lateral spots on scutellum, small spot on meso- pleurae, spot on sides of median segment, broad sinuate fasciae on * No. 2178. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 101 tergites 1-5, all except first continuous, apex of sixth tergite, lateral spots on sternites 2-5, femora distally, tibiae except stripe below on all pairs, reduced in extent on posterior pair, and tarsi, pale or greenish yellow or soiled white. In both sexes the color is the same; the fasciae on the tergites are soiled white, the markings of the head more of a greenish yellow shade and the legs are pale yellow. The flagellum is black above, pale or testaceous below, and on the male segments 7-9 are spinose on the posterior border. The wings are hyaline, the nervures brown. The pubescence is white, relatively long and dense. The middle femora of the males are serrate-dentate below, the second sternite bears a prominent median process scarcely hooked at the posterior end and the sixth bears a smaller, pointed process. Length.—13-17 mm. This species is very closely related to spinolae on the one hand and primaaestate on the other. The males of this species differ from those of spinolae in having the fasciae on the tergites white, the apical ter- gite maculated and the greater development of the pubescence; from those of primaaestate in having the fasciae of the tergites white instead of yellow and in the absence of maculations on the sides of thorax and median segment. In the case of the female it differs from spinolae in having the apical tergite maculated and in the greater development of the pubescence. In some specimens of this species, however, the maculation of the apical tergite is obscured or even lacking. From primaaestate the female of this species is distinguished by the absence of conspicuous maculations on the thorax and median segment. Habitat.—California, Oregon, Washington, Vancouver, and New Mexico. Number of specimens examined.—Males, 21; females, 18. Type.—Cat. No. 19780, U.S.N.M. BEMBIX PRIMAAESTATE Johnson and Rohwer. Figs. 166, 167, 168, 197. Bembex primaaestate JOHNSON and Rouwer, Ent. News, vol. 19, 1908, p. 378, female. Bembex primaaestate Rouwer, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 1912, p. 466, fig. 3, male. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except tips, clypeus, scape and first two flagellar segments below, space between antennae, some- times spot below anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits shortened above, posterior orbits, usually posterior border of pronotum but not always, tubercles, sides of prothorax variable in extent, spot on tegulae, spot each on sides of median segment, metapleurae, and mesopleurae, on all three variable in extent or even lacking, broad fasciae on ter- 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 52. gites 1-6, first interrupted more or less widely and usually narrowed somewhat toward the midline, remaining fasciae continuous though somewhat constricted at the dorsal midline, their borders sinuate especially the anterior, apex of seventh tergite, posterior lateral spots on sternites 2-6, femora more or less distally and below, tibiae except below on first pair, and tarsi, greenish yellow. 'The yellow on the legs lacks the greenish tinge. The pubescence on the head, thorax, base of abdomen, and the basal joints of the legs is white and unusually well developed. Seg- ments 7 and 8 of the flagellum are distinctly spinose on the posterior surface and on many specimens also 6 and 9, but less evidently so. The intermediate femora are dentate below. The second sternite bears a median, longitudinal process and the sixth a smaller, narrow, pointed process. Female.—Black: Clypeus, labrum, mandibles except tips, scape below, spot between antennae, frequently united with spot below anterior ocellus, anterior orbits, posterior orbits, posterior border of prothorax almost wholly, tegulae, narrow lateral lines on scutum, lateral spots on scutellum usually connected by a more or less evident line at posterior border of scutellum, fascia on metanotum, sometimes suppressed, spot on sides of median segment, spot on metapleurae, small posterior and larger anterior spot on mesopleurae, broad fasciae on tergites 1-5, first narrowly interrupted medially, remainder con- tinuous, each biemarginate on anterior dorsal border, deep and evi- dent on second and third, more wide and shallow on fourth and fifth, all with an acute emargination at the middle on posterior border, lateral spots on sternites 2—4, frequently connected by very narrow apical lines, femora distally more or less, tibiae except line below, and tarsi, greenish white or yellow. The markings on the thorax, median segment,-and legs are yellow, elsewhere greenish white. Length.—13-17 mm. The pubescence is white and conspicuous but not so well developed as on the male. The flagellum is light on the lower surface, testa- ceous on the male, yellowish on the female. On most specimens the sixth tergite of the female is black; on some it is maculated and on some of these the dorsum of the median segment is also maculated. It is difficult to distinguish the less extensively maculated females of this species from the most extensively marked forms of spinolae, and likewise in many cases it is hard to separate the males from the males of similans. Habitat.—Colorado, Idaho, Washington, Vancouver, California, New Mexico, and Texas. Number of specimens examined.—Males, 39; females, 28. w NO. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 103 BEMBIX SIMILANS Fox. Figs. 5, 169, 170, 198. Bembex similans Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 358, female, male. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape, and first flagellar segment below, lower part of frons, spot in front on anterior ocellus, sometimes wanting, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits broader below, posterior border of pronotum, sides of prothorax except variable spot in front of tubercles, tegulac, lateral lines on scutum, lateral spots on scutellum, fascia on metanotum sometimes absent, sides of median segment, large spot on metapleurae, large irregular anterior and smaller posterior spot on mesopleurae, broad fasciae on tergites 1-6, first abruptly narrowed and usually interrupted medially, remaining fasciae continuous and strongly sinuate on an- terior border, the medial pair of sinuations on second and third most conspicuous, lateral spots on sternites 2-6, sometimes connected by apical lines, spot on coxae below, trochanters apically more or less, femora except basally and stripe on posterior surface of anterior pair, tibiae, and tarsi, yellow. Segments 7-9 of the flagellum are spinose on their posterior border and 10-11 bear shallow excavations or pits. The apical segment is but slightly curved, rounded apically and of uniform width. The middle femora are dentate below. The second sternite may or may not bear a small median process and the sixth a small short pointed one. The seventh is carinate medially. Female.—The color and maculations of the female are quite similar to those of the male, though the black on the legs is more extensive. On some specimens the tibiae are striped with black below. Length.—11-16 mm. . We find some variation in both sexes. One male has all the fasciae on tergites continuous; two females have each a pair of discal marks on scutum, the lateral spots on the scutellum united and a well developed curved fascia on the dorsum of the median segment. The ultimate segment is usually black, but in the case of two females the ultimate tergite is broadly marked with yellow and others show a gradation from the black on the one extreme to the yellow on the other. The eyes are widely separated and in both sexes are dis- tinctly divergent at the vertex. The flagellum is yellowish or fulvous below. The head, thorax, and abdomen are covered with short, white, moderately dense pubescence, shorter on the abdomen than elsewhere and better developed on the male than on the female. The Wings are hyaline, veins fulvous. According to Fox the scutum of the male is without pubescence; all the males before me have the 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. scutum distinctly pubescent although the hairs here are somewhat shorter than elsewhere on the thorax. Habitat.—New Mexico, Arizona, and Florida. Number of specimens examined—Males, 7; females, 15. BEMBIX PRUINOSA Fox. Figs. 171, 172, 199. Bembex pruinosa Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 361, female, male. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, space between antennae, anterior orbits, narrow posterior orbits, narrow line on posterior border of pronotum, rarely wanting, spot on tegulae, small lateral spot on scutum above base of wings, sometimes lateral spots on scutellum, fascia on metanotum some- times absent, occasionally one or two small spots on side of median segment, fasciae on tergites 1-6, all of which may be broad and con- tinuous or all may be somewhat narrowed and interrupted medially, in either case the anterior border being more or less sinuate on either side the midline, apex of ultimate tergite, posterior lateral spots on sternites 2-6 usually, though not always, connected by narrow apical lines, femora except broad stripe above and basally below, tibiae except stripe below, and tarsi, white or yellowish white. Segment 7 of the flagellum seen from above shows a rather con- spicuous though blunt spine on its posterior border and segments 9-11 bear pits or excavations. The second sternite is smooth; the sixth bears a pair of low inconspicuous carinae that diverge basally; the seventh ends in a prominent spine that is broadly grooved ven- trally and bifid apically. The middle femora are smooth. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus except black spot basally, rarely lacking, scape below, space between inser- tions of antennae, anterior orbits, posterior orbits, narrow posterior border of pronotum, small spot on tegulae, small lateral spots on scutum above base of wings, curved fascia, sometimes broken into spots, on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment sometimes interrupted medially, lower part of lateral angles of median segment sometimes reduced to narrow pos- terior lateral spots, occasionally small spot on mesopleurae, broad continous fasciae on tergites 1-5, the first narrowed medially, the remainder bisinuate on anterior border, lateral spots on sternites 2-5, which may or may not be connected by apical lines, tibiae except below and spot on posterior border of anterior pair, and tarsi, white or yelloursh white. Length.—16-19 mm. In both sexes the flagellum is yellowish or tawny below and the apical segment is reddish. The head, thorax, median segment, and x No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 105 base of abdomen are covered with dense, moderately short pubescence shortest on the scutum, where it is of a brownish color. The remain- ing segments of the abdomen are covered dorsally with close, fine pubescence, longest on the more apical segments and more evident on the male than on the female. The wings are hyaline, veins dark brown. The eyes are parallel or slightly divergent beneath. In some males the carinae on the sixth sternite are reduced or lacking. The variation in the maculations is not great in either sex, but in both a part or all of the tergal fasciae may be narrowed and inter- rupted medially. The species is well marked and not likely to be confused with any other species herein described. Habitat—New York, Ohio, New Jersey, Florida, Texas, Kansas, Iowa, New Mexico, California, Oregon, and Canada. Number of specimens examined—Males, 13; females, 17. BEMBIX BEUTENMULLERI Fox. Figs. 173, 174, 200. Bembex beutenmullert Fox, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 9, 1901, p. 83, male. Bembex obsoleta Howarp, Insect Book, 1904, pl. 4, fig. 36. Bembyz obsoleta RoHWER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 1912, p. 467, figs. 6, 7, 8, male. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, spot between antennae, small spot in front of anterior ocellus, scape below, anterior orbits, posterior orbits wanting or reduced to small spots near the lower border of eye, sometimes one or more small spots on sides of prothorax, spot on tegulae, small lateral spots above base of wings on scutum, lateral spots on tergites 1-5, lateral spots on sternites 2-5 and sometimes 6, which may be connected by very fine apical lines, femora distally more or iess, tibiae except more or less above, and tarsi, yellow. Segments 3-6 of the flagellum are indistinctly carinate on the posterior surface; seen from above 7 appears slightly bispinose, due to the presence of a small pit on the posterior surface; segments 9-11 bear larger pits. The eyes are slightly divergent at the clypeus. The middle femora are smooth. The second sternite bears a median longitudinal carina never very strongly developed; the sixth bears a pair of small closely approximated median processes near its apical border, and the seventh ends in a median spine grooved on its ventral surface. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, spot between antennae, small spot in front of anterior ocellus, scape below, anterior orbits, posterior orbits interrupted above, pair of small lateral spots on posterior border of pronotum, pair of larger spots on sides of prothorax, the more posterior including part of the tubercles, spot on tegulae, small spots on scutum above base of 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. wings, small spots on sides of median segment, lateral spots on ter- gites 2-5, lateral spots on sternites 2-5 connected by faint apical lines, femora distally more or less, tibiae below more or less, and tarsi, yellow. The eyes are distinctly divergent toward the clypeus, more so than in the male. The ultimate segment of the tarsi are relatively long and are slender at the base, particularly those of the anterior pair. Length. 17-19 mm. The resemblance of the male and female is quite close, and in both the head, thorax, median segment and base of abdomen are covered with relatively short, white pubescence. The punctation of the dor- sum of the thorax is fine, close, and regular. The vertex is depressed between the eyes, its middle being noticeably lower than the level of the top of the eyes. The wings are hyaline, veins brown. The flagellum is tawny or fulvous below, lighter in the female than in the male. This species in general appearances resembles very much hinei, from which it can be distinguished in the male by the presence in this species of the ventral processes on the second and sixth ster- nites and the form of the genital stipes, and in the female by the divergent eyes and the character of the ultimate segment of the anterior tarsi. The type and three paratypes (in the New York Museum of Natural History) are much darker than the specimens on which this descrip- tion is based. In three of the specimens the clypeus is marked with black basally, none show yellow on the scutum, in all the yellow marks on the abdomen are reduced or wanting and the yellow on the legs is less extensive. In structural characters there are no differ- ences. Habitat.—California. Number of specimens examined—Males, 13; females, 1. BEMBIX OCCIDENTALIS Fox. Figs. 175, 176, 201. Bembex occidentalis Fox, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2) vol. 4, 1893, p. 10, female, male. Bember occidentalis Hanputrscu, Sitz. Acad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.—Nat. Oe vol. 102, 1893, p. 868, pl. 3, fig. 13; pl. 7, fig. 38. Bembex occidentalis Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 362. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clipeus, scape below, median line on frons extending from between antennae to anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, prothorax almost entirely, lateral lines on scutum sometimes shortened, pair of longitudinal discal lines on scutum, which lines may be developed into a broken U-shaped mark, fascia on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment sometimes interrupted medially, * No.2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 107 lateral angles of median segment and sides of same emarginate above, metapleurae, greater part of mesopleurae, broad fasciae on tergites 1-6, first with a more or less extensive medial anterior emargination or inclosing a closely placed medial anterior pair of black spots, second inclosing a pair of dorsal oval black spots that appear in the form of emarginations on some specimens, third to sixth biemarginate on anterior dorsal margin less evident on the more posterior ones, apex of seventh, second sternite except median black line and rarely small anterior lateral spots, third except triangular median anterior black spot, fourth except wide but shallow anterior emargination, narrow biemarginate fascia on fifth, broader fascia on sixth usually with a small triangular median emargination, legs entirely except variable black spots on coxae and trochanters, yellow. Segments 6-8 of the flagellum are very slightly spinose on the pos- terior border. The middle femora are smooth and the middle tibiae normal. The second sternite bears a more or less prominent median longitudinal carina, and the sixth a pair of small closely approxi- mated processes that diverge slightly toward the base of the segment. When viewed from the side these processes appear as one. The seventh ends in a spine that in some cases is slightly bifid at the apex. The genital stipes, although maintaining the general design, varies somewhat in development. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, an- terior orbits, median vertical line on frons, scape below, posterior orbits sometimes prolonged above on occiput, prothorax except median anterior dorsal spot, tegulae, lateral lines on scutum, pair of longitudinal discal lines on scutum, sometimes wanting and sometimes developed into more or less perfect U-shaped mark, fascia on scutel- lum, fascia on metanotum, lateral angles of median segment and sides of same emarginate above, metapleurae, mesopleurae almost entirely, broad fascia on tergites 1-5, first with a broad shallow medial anterior emargination or inclosing two small black spots, second inclosing a pair of transverse oval black spots, third frequently similar to the second or biemarginate on anterior margin, fourth and fifth bi- emarginate on anterior border, apex of sixth, second sternite except medial black spot, third except medial anterior black spot, fasciae on fourth and fifth rather narrow and usually biemarginate on anterior border, apex of sixth, legs except a variable amount of black on coxae and trochanters, yellow. Length.—16-20 mm. This species is conspicuous for its extensive bright yellow markings. In both male and female the eyes are distinctly divergent at the cly- peus and in nearly all specimens are golden yellow in the dried speci- mens. The flagellum is comparatively slender and is yellow below, more so in the female than in the male. The second segment in both 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. male and female exceeds the combined length of the third and fourth. The mandibles on both male and female are remarkably straight, scarcely curved at the tip, more slender than usual and almost devoid of teeth on the inner border. The reduction of the teeth on the female is very unusual; only one is present and that is vestigial. The pubescence on the head and base of clypeus is long and rather dense; elsewhere on the body it is sparse and quite short. The wings are hyaline and veins brown. The markings on the dorsum of the thorax and median segment in both sexes are variable; at one extreme we find only short lateral lines on scutum, small lateral spots on scutel- lum and the lateral angles marked with yellow; at the other, broad lateral lines and U-shaped mark on scutum and broad fasciae on scutellum, metanotum and median segment. Habitat.—Lower California, California, New Mexico, and Arizona. Number of specimens examined—Males, 7; females, 14. BEMBIX TROGLODYTES Handlirsch. Figs. 177, 178, 202. Bembex troglodytes Hanputrscu, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.—Nat. CL., vol. 102, 1893, p. 829, pl. 2, fig. 29, male, female. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, lower part of frons, scape except stripe above, spot in front of anterior ocellus, lateral rounded spot on either side of this one, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits, prothorax almost entirely, tegulae, lateral lines and pair of short discal lines on scutum, lateral spots more or less approximated medially on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment usually interrupted medially on the posterior surface of the segment, lateral angles and sides of the segment, metapleurae, large irregular anterior spot and small posterior one on mesopleurae, broad fasciae on tergites 1-6, first narrowly interrupted medially, remainder continuous, second inclosing pair of rounded dorsal spots, third with a similar pair of spots that are usually connected to the anterior black margin, fourth with a pair of anterior emarginations instead of spots, fifth and sixth slightly sinuate, apex of ultimate tergite, apical border of first sternite, broad apical fascia on second, sometimes inclosing a pair of black spots, lateral spots on 3-5 which may be connected by broad apical bands, narrow ones or not at all, sometimes pair of small lateral spots on 6, spot on coxae, trochanters more or less, femora except more or less basally and stripe below on anterior pair, tibiae except sometimes small spot below on anterior pair, and tarsi, lemon yellow. The flagellum is neither spinose nor dentate; segments 4-11 bear specialized areas on their posterior surface, but these do not assume the form of pits or excavations. The middle femora are smooth > no.2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 109 below. The second sternite usually bears a prominent median tubercle, but this may appear as a small median carina or be almost entirely lacking; the sixth bears a prominent median process, flat- tened, broad at base, pointed or slightly truncate at apex and directed obliquely backward. In one specimen this process is decidedly truncate apically and in another smaller one it is almost entirely reduced. There is some variation in the form of the genital stipes, but the figures given show the type. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus except pair of black spots basally, spot between insertions of antennae, transverse row of three (or five) spots in front of anterior ocellus, scape below, anterior orbits, posterior orbits, prothorax except anterior median dorsal spot and spot in front of tubercles, tegulae, lateral lines and short pair of discal lines on scutum, lateral spots (sometimes united into a fascia) on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, lateral angles and sides of median segment, metapleurae, mesopleurae almost entirely, fasciae on tergites 1-5, first narrowed and also interrupted medially, remainder continuous, second as in the male inclosing a pair of dorsal spots, third having a similar pair connected with the anterior black border and haying on posterior border a deep median notch and lateral sinuations, fourth and fifth each with pair of shallow anterior emarginations and median posterior triangular emargina- tion, apex of ultimate tergite, lateral spots on sternites 2-5, all or part of which may be connected by narrow apical lines, spot on anterior and middle coxae below, femora except stripe above and more or less basally below, tibiae except stripe on anterior pair below, and tarsi, lemon yellow with a tinge of greenish in places. Length.—14-16 mm. The five females before me vary somewhat in regard to color. Two have the clypeus and the frons, except the spot between the antennae and those in front of the anterior ocellus, entirely black, and four of the five have a median posterior discal mark on the scutum. In the male there is less variation in color, only one of the entire number being without discal marks on the scutum. The wings in both sexes are hyaline and the pubescence and punctation are of the normal character. Habitat.—Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. Number of specimens examined—Males, 11; females, 5. BEMBIX MELANASPIS, new species. Figs. 179, 180, 203. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, frons below, small spot in front of anterior ocellus and a small round spot on either side of this one, broad anterior orbits narrowed 110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. above and also deflected inward from the margin of the eye, posterior orbits, posterior border of pronotum, sides of prothorax and tubercles except irregular elongated spot in front of the latter, spot on tegulae, small lateral spot on scutum above base of wings, triangular lateral spots on scutellum, curved fascia on metanotum, lateral angles, con- tinued in form of spot on sides of median segment, small spot at spiracles on same, spot on metapleurae, spot on mesopleurae elon- gated vertically, broad fasciae on tergites 1-5, the first slightly attenuated and narrowly interrupted medially, remainder continu- ous, biemarginate anteriorly and triangularly notched at the middle on posterior border, pair of spots on sixth and seventh tergites, broad fascia on second sternite, fascia on third broadly and deeply biemarginate on anterior border, fascia on fourth similar to that on third but with anterior emarginations much enlarged, lateral spots on fifth and sixth, spot on coxae below, femora except short basal markings, tibiae, and tarsi, yellow. Marks on scutellum and meta- notum are nearly white. The flagellum is simple, neither dentate nor spinose, but segments 5-11 on the posterior surface bear shallow pits. The ultimate seg- ment is very slightly curved and rounded at the apex. The middle femora are smooth and the posterior pair is provided with long white pubescence below. The second sternite bears a prominent hooked process and the seventh a prominent median process, triangular in form, obliquely directed backward, broad at base, flat on the ventral surface, and bluntly pointed at the apex. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, narrow apical border and lateral apical angles of clypeus, spot between antennae, spot in front of anterior ocellus and a small rounded spot on either side of this one, anterior orbits deflected inward from the margin of the eye above, posterior orbits, prothorax almost entirely, lateral lines on scutum, pair of anterior longitudinal and a posterior trans- verse discal mark on scutum, fascia on scutellum, broad laterally, nar- row medially, fascia on metanotum, broad curved fascia on dorsum of median segment extended downward medially on its posterior surface, sides of mesothorax and metathorax and median segment almost entirely, broad continuous fasciae on tergites 1-5, first emar- ginate on posterior and anterior middle, second and third each inclos- ing a pair of elliptical dorsal black spots, fourth and fifth each with a pair of anterior emarginations corresponding to the black spots of the preceding segments, ultimate tergite with a pair of apical spots, lateral spots on sternites 1-5 connected by apical lines, the one on second sternite broad and inclosing black spots, spot on coxae, femora except basally and stripe on anterior pair above, tibiae, and tarsi, yellow. . NO. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 111 The pubescence is relatively short, white, and moderately dense, more in evidence on the male than on the female. The flagellum is black with a shade of reddish below on the more apical segments. On the female the scape is black. The frons just above the insertion of the antennae is about equal to the width of the eye at the same level. The eyes diverge at the vertex and also a trifle at the clypeus. The wings of the male are slightly but distinctly infumated medially; those of the female are heavily infumated, resembling those of nubilipennis Cresson in this respect. Length.—19-22 mm. One of the males has only a vestige of the process on the second sternite. The sixth tergite of one male has a complete fascia; on the type it has only a pair of yellow spots and on a third it is entirely devoid of yellow. On one female the clypeus, antennae, and frons, except the spot between the antennz and the three small spots in front of the anterior ocellus, are entirely black. A single female from Arizona has been placed in this species. It has the narrow frons and infumated wings, but the black on the clypeus has been reduced to two small basal spots and the scape is broadly yellow below. This species stands close to nubilipennis Cresson from which it can readily be distinguished in the male by the nonspinose antennae and the simple middle femora. The female differs from Cresson’s species by the presence of the black on the clypeus and by the much narrower frons, which in nubilipennis is much wider than the eye at the point just above the insertion of the antennae. Described from three males and four females. Habitat.—California, Arizona. Type, allotype, and paratypes.—Cat. No. 19808, U.S.N.M. BEMBIX TEXANA Cresson. Figs. 181, 182, 204. Bembex texana Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 219, female. Bembex tecana Hanputrscu, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.—Nat. CL, + vol. 102, 1893, p. 880, pl. 2, fig. 30; pl. 7, fig. 21, female, male. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, space between insertions of antennae, small rounded spot on either side anterior ocellus, anterior orbits, posterior orbits, line on posterior border of pronotum and propleurae including tubercles, spot on sides of prothorax, spot on tegulae, short line above base of wings on scutum, small lateral spots on scutellum, sometimes small spot on lateral angles of median segment, usually a small spot on metapleurae above base of middle legs, narrow rectangular spot on mesopleurae, fasciae on tergites 1-6, first broad and interrupted medially, second continuous, inclosing a pair of black spots dorsally and constricted medially, third, fourth, and fifth interrupted medially To PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 52. and emarginate anteriorly on either side the midline, sixth continu- ous, small lateral spots on ultimate tergite, posterior lateral spots on sternites 1-6 the more anterior ones usually connected by narrow apical lines, spot on anterior and middle coxae below, femora except broad stripe above and basally below, tibiae except stripe below on anterior and middle pairs and on posterior border of anterior pair, and tarsi, white, more or less strongly tinged with yellow on head and legs. Segments 4-11 of the flagellum bear specialized areas on their posterior surface, which, on the more apical ones, take the form of shallow pits. The apical segment is not curved, is a trifle longer than the preceding segment, and is about equal to it in width. The middle femora are smooth. The second sternite usually bears a more or less well developed median carina, but sometimes this is entirely lacking. The sixth bears a well developed process, broadly trian- gular basally and sharply pointed posteriorly; the seventh bears an evident median longitudinal carina which is bordered on either side basally by a shorter one. Female.—Black: Labrum except a medial stripe or basal spot in some specimens, clypeus except a pair of basal spots that may be contiguous, mandibles except apices, scape below, space between insertions of antennae, small rounded spot on either side anterior ocellus, sometimes spot beneath it, anterior orbits, posterior orbits, posterior border of pronotum continued on the sides of prothorax and including tubercles, also spot on sides of prothorax, spot on tegulae, usually small spot above base of wings on scutum, small lateral spots on scutellum, spot on sides of median segment near lateral angles and another on metapleurae not always present, narrow rectangular spot on mesopleurae, fasciae on tergites 1-5, first broad and inter- rupted and somewhat narrowed medially, second continuous inclos- ing a pair of elliptical black spots dorsally and constricted medially, remaining fasciae interrupted or continuous, biemarginate on anterior border and curved forward on posterior border on either side the midline, lateral spots on sternites 1-5 which may or may not bé con- nected by apical lines, spot on anterior and middle coxae below, femora distally more or less, tibiae except stripe below and also stripe on posterior border of anterior pair, and tarsi, yellowish white or pale yellow. Length. 15-18 mm. In both sexes the head, thorax, and abdomen are covered with rather short and dense pale pubescence, shorter on scutum and abdomen except the basal segment. The wings of the female show a slight infumation medially; those of the male show hardly a trace of this. The females invariably have the two black spots on the base of the clypeus, but these spots vary in development. On some 7 NO. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 113 specimens there are lateral spots on the ultimate tergite and in a few cases all the tergal fasciae are interrupted medially. The black spots in the second tergal fascia are sometimes united with the anterior black border. In the male these spots are usually so con- nected and fasciae 1 and 4 are almost invariably interrupted, and sometimes 3 and 6 also. The second fascia in the male is always continuous. This is a well-marked species, one not likely to be confused with any other species thus far discovered within the territory covered by this paper. Habitat—Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Texas, and New Mexico. Number of specimens examined—Male, 58; females, 27. BEMBIX HELIANTHOPOLIS, new species. Figs. 183, 184, 205. Female.—Black: Spot on mandibles, lateral borders of labrum slightly, spot between insertions of antennae, small spot in front of anterior ocellus, small spot on either side of this one, posterior orbits, posterior border of pronotum and sides of prothorax except spot in front of tubercles, spot on tegulae, lateral lines on scutum, pair of short anterior discal lmes and median posterior spot on scutum, lateral spots on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, lateral angles and most of the side of median segment, large spot on metapleurae, large spot and a second smaller one on mesopleurae, relatively broad fasciae on dorsal abdominal segments 1-5, first interrupted medially, remainder con- tinuous but notched on midline, second inclosing a pair of black spots, third similar to second, fourth and fifth each with shallow anterior emargination on either side the midline, lateral spots on sternites 1-5, spot on anterior coxae below, femora distally more or less, tibiae except stripe on inner and posterior surfaces, and tarsi, yellow or greenish yellow. The marks on the scutellum and meta- notum are white. The eyes are divergent at the vertex and the flagellum is but slightly testaceous below. Male.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus except small transverse medjal spot at base, scape below, space between insertions of antennae, broad anterior orbits, small spot in front of anterior ocellus, small rounded spot on either side of this one, narrow posterior orbits, posterior border of prothorax including tubercles, spot on sides of prothorax, spot on tegulae, small spot on base of anterior wing, spot on scutum above base of wing, lateral spots on scutellum, lateral angles of median segment, two small | spots on sides of same, large spot on metapleurae, two spots on meso- pleurae, the upper the larger, relatively broad fasciae on tergites 1-5, first interrupted medially, remainder continuous but notched on 65008 °—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——8 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. both sides at the midline, second inclosing a pair of dorsal black spots, third with a pair of anterior emarginations replacing the spots of the second, fourth and fifth with a shallow emargination on either side the midline, sixth and seventh with a medial spot apically, lateral spots on sternites 1-5 connected on one and two by narrow apical lines, small medial posterior spot on two, spot on anterior and middle coxae below, femora except more or less basally, tibiae, and tarsi, yellow. The spots on the scutum and scutellum are white. The flagellum is testaceous below and is neither spinose nor den- tate. Segments 4-11 bear small pits on the posterior surface and the ultimate segment is short, scarcely exceeding the length of the preceding segment, curved and rounded at the apex. The eyes are widely separated and are slightly divergent above. The middle femora are smooth. The second sternite bears a prominent median tubercle slightly curved posteriorly; the sixth bears a median, tri- angular, pointed process whose ventral surface is flattened or slightly concave, and the seventh bears a median carima that is bordered basally on either side by a shorter one. Length.—4-17 mm. The pubescence is pale, moderately long and dense, shortest on the scutum and abdomen and about equally well developed on male and female. The wings are hyaline and veins brown. The yellow markings have a greenish tinge and the black is intense, resembling in this respect the color of B. belfrager. The lateral angles of the median segment are somewhat prominent. The dark color on the legs is irregularly distributed, especially on the tarsi. There is some variation in the maculations of the female; those on the scutum may be reduced to short lateral lines above the base of the wings; the fascia on the median segment may be interrupted medially; the marking of the mesopleura may be reduced to a single small spot; and the inclosed black spots on the second and third tergal fasciae may appear as deep anterior emarginations. The female of this species, which stands close to troglodytes Handlirsch, has the labrum, scape of flagellum, and ultimate tergite black, whereas troglodytes has these parts yellow or maculated with yellow. On the male the scutum, metanotum, and dorsum of median segment are black; on troglodytes the metanotum and dorsum of median seg- ment each bears a fascia and the scutum a pair of discal marks. The genital stipites of the two also differ. Habitat.— Kansas, Texas. Number of specimens examined—Females, 7; males, 1. Type (female).—Allotype, and paratypes in the collection of the University of Kansas. Paratype.—Cat. No. 19885, U.S.N.M. * NO. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 115 BEMBIX CONNEXA Fox. Bembex connexus Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 360, female, male. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape, and more or less of the flagellum below, lower part of frons, spot before anterior ocellus, broad anterior orbits, posterior orbits broad below, sides of prothorax almost entirely, frequently more or less complete narrow line on posterior border of pronotum, lateral lines on scutum usually abbreviated and sometimes wanting, sometimes small lateral spots on scutellum, more or less of the side of the median segment, spot on metapleurae, spot on mesopleurae, broad fasciae on tergites, first interrupted and attenuated toward mid-dorsal line, second inclos- ing pair of elliptical transverse dorsal spots or bearing a pair of anterior dorsal emarginations and notched at midline on both mar- gins, third similar to the second, fourth, and fifth each bearing a pair of anterior dorsal emarginations and interrupted medially or continuous, apex of ultimate tergite, lateral spots on sternites 2—5 and sometimes 6, median posterior spot on sternites 2-5 in some specimens, on 2—4 in others, and entirely lacking in still others, apical lines connecting the ventral spots on some specimens, spots on anterior and middle coxae, greater part of femora, tibiae, and tarsi, yellow. The pubescence is white, tolerably dense, longest on the head, somewhat shorter on the thorax and base of abdomen. The thorax is closely and evenly punctated; the punctations of the ultimate tergite are coarser than that of the thorax and the sides of the segment are provided with long white pubescence amid which are found several short black spines. The male is smaller. There is a broad yellow line on the posterior border of the pronotum and the sides of the prothorax are almost wholly yellow. There are conspicuous lateral lines on the scutum, lateral spots on the scutellum, fascia on metanotum, lateral spots on dorsum and spots on the posterior surface of the median segment, its lateral angles and sides broadly, and sides of mesopleurae and metapleurae almost entirely yellow. The fasciae on the tergites are broad and, except the first, continuous. The second incloses a small pair of black spots; 3-5 are biemarginate on anterior dorsal margin, and the seventh is maculated apically. There are lateral spots on the sternites but none are connected by apical lines. In other respects the maculations are similar to those of the female. Segments 6-8 of the flagellum are spinose on the posterior surface. The middle femora are serrate. The second sternite bears a well developed process and the sixth a smaller one. Length.—16-20 mm. This species is large and robust, conspicuous for its intense black color and bright greenish yellow markings. Not a great deal of 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. variation is present in the maculations. On one specimen there is a pair of faint discal lines on the scutum and on all there is a more or less suppressed dusky band down the middle of the labrum. This is usually reduced to a dusky spot at the base of the labrum but in one specimen it forms a black median stripe the full length of that organ. On Fox’s type (female) of this species the yellow on the dorsum of the mesothorax is limited to small lateral spots on the scutum; the meta- notum and dorsum of median segment are not maculated. The sides of the thorax and median segment, however, are broadly maculated. The color of the fasciae on the tergites is whitish like that of texana. None of them inclose black spots, the first and fifth are interrupted, the second and third are not notched at all posteriorly, and the fourth is but slightly so. The emarginations on 2-4 are shallow and widely separated. The lateral spots on the sternites are connected and there is a median spot on 2-5. The sixth sternite has a pair of lateral spots and all ventral maculations are yellow. Habitat.—Utah, California, Nevada. Number of specimens examined—Males, 1; females, 8. BEMBIX LATIFRONS, new species. Female.—Black: Labrum, mandibles except apices, clypeus, scape below, broad anterior orbits deflected inwardly at the vertex, lower part of frons prolonged upward to unite with a spot below anterior ocellus, spot on either side the central one confluent with the anterior orbits, broad posterior orbits prolonged upon the vertex, prothorax entirely, tegulae, lateral Imes on scutum very broad anteriorly, U-shaped discal mark on scutum consisting of a pair of longi- tudinal marks broad anteriorly but greatly narrowed posteriorly where they unite with a broad transverse rectangualr mark, fascia on scutellum narrowed medially, metanotum, broad curved fascai on dorsum of median segment, posterior surface, lateral angles and sides of same entirely, mesopleurae and metapleurae entirely except very narrow lines on sutures, median longitudinal stripe on meso- sternum, very broad fasciae on tergites 1-5, first inclosing a pair of closely approximated black spots (confluent with the black base) and showing a shallow emargination on posterior middle, second and third each inclosing a pair of narrow, widely separated elliptica black spots and acutely emarginate on posterior middle, fourth and fifth biemarginate on anterior border, dorsal surface of ultimate tergite, broad fascia and pair of anterior spots on second sternite, broad fascia inclosing a pair of small black spots on third, fascia broadly emarginate on fourth, lateral spots on fifth, coxae and tro- chanters in part, femora except narrow stripe on posterior surface of first pair and short basal marks on anterior surface of second and third pairs, tibiae except narrow line on posterior surface of first pair, and tarsi, yellow, > No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS--PARKER. 117 The flagellum is tawny below, growing lighter toward the apex. The second flagellar segment is not quite equal in length to the com- bined length of the third and fourth. The ultimate segment is slightly curved, exceeds the length of the segment immediately pre- ceding it, but is not equal to the combined length of the two immedi- ately preceding it. The frons is wide, exceeding the width of the eye at the lével of the insertion of the antennae, and the inner borders of the eyes are almost parallel. The wings are long, reaching almost to the tip of the abdomen, hyaline and the veins are brown. The pubescence is white; on the head it is tolerably long and dense; that on the thorax, median segment and base of abdomen is shorter but equally dense; elsewhere on the abdomen it is very short, rather dense and semi-erect. The punctation is of the usual character. Length.—17 mm. This form runs in Handlirsch’s table, although not accurately, to B. occidentalis Fox; in Fox’s table it runs to B. U-scripta Fox. It differs from occidentalis in the broad frons, the eyes being not at all divergent at the clypeus, in the form of the mandibles and in the rela- tive length of the second flagellar segment; it differs from U-scripta in the normal form of the ocelli and in the character of the develop- ment of the ultimate tergite. Furthermore, it differs from both of these species in the character of the maculations on the sternites. Described from a single specimen collected by F. H. Snow at Albu- querque, New Mexico, in the year 1894. Type.—¥emale, in the collection of the University of Kansas. Genus MICROBEMBEX Patton. Microbembex Patton, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 5, 1879, p. 364. B. Bembeces aberantes Hanpurrscu, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Cl., vol. 102, 1893, p. 878. Bembex Fox (part), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894, p. 303. Microbembex Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 363. Microbembex Kout, Die Gatt. d. Spheg., 1896, p. 434. Type.—Bembex monodonta Say by original designation. The wasps belonging to this genus vary in length from 8 to 14 milli- meters and are relatively more slender than those of the genus Bembiz. The head is equal in width to the thorax. The compound eyes are large, convex, and naked. The facets near the inner border are very slightly larger than those near the outer; this is more evident on the male than on the female. The inner margins of the eyes are prac- tically parallel and the lower border reaches the mandible. The ocellar cicatrices are similar to those of the genus Bembiz, but are almost concealed by the dense pubescence on the frons and vertex. The occiput is very narrow, the posterior surface of the head concave, and the temples almost wanting. The mandibles are long, slender, pointed, and devoid of teeth. ‘The maxillae are comparatively long, 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. but when folded are concealed behind the labrum. The maxillary palpus is composed of three segments, the labial of one. The labrum at the apex is conical and truncate, but is flat at the base where it joins the curved distal border of the clypeus. On some specimens the labrum shows a slight median longitudinal depression. The clypeus is very strongly arched, in fact almost angular, and the distal part of the median prominence is devoid of pubescence, smooth, andshining. The distal margin is strongly curved, almost semicircular. The an- tennae, which are inserted on the frons, apparently on the suture joining the frons and clypeus, are composed of 13 segments in the male and of 12 in the female. The scape is heavy and exceeds in length any segment of the flagellum. The first segment of the flagel- lum (pedicel) is short, about as long as thick, and the second exceeds in length any of the following segments. Some of the flagellar seg- ments on the male bear secondary sexual! modifications. The thorax is quite similar to that of Bembiz, but the abdomen is more slender. The ultimate tergite of the female is arched and strongly punctate except on the midline, where there is evidence of a slight longitudinal carina. Laterally the tergite is beset with short spines and it terminates in a median notch, the sides of which may be prolonged into evident spines. The second sternite of the male bears a median process that by its form and development affords specific characters. The male genitalia consist of a basal piece (cardo), paired stipites, paired sagittae, and median spatha. The base of the stipes is heavy, but the distal part is slender and hirsute and varies in form with the different species. The spatha is short and heavy and distally is cleft below. Near the distal end on either side is a conspicuous rounded enlargement, and the apex is in the form of a tube split below. The sagitta is composed of two parts; the inferior one is short, sparingly hirsute, and more or less concealed; the superior part is strongly chitinized, curved, compressed, dilated distally, and truncate apically. The legs are moderately long and slender. On the female the first four segments of the anterior tarsus are flattened and the posterior distal angle is greatly prolonged. These four segments are provided with long strong pines that form the tarsal comb used in burrowing. On the male the comb is present but not so well developed. The wings may be infumated or entirely hyaline. On the anterior wing the radial cell is pointed at either end and the distal end does not he on the costal border. The first cubital cell is as long as the second and third combined. The second cubital cell is narrower on the radial vein than it is on the cubitus, and it receives both discoidal cross veins. The first cubital cross vein is straight, and the third, which curves toward the distal extremity of the wing, forms with the a. NO. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 119 radius in most cases an acute angle, but in some cases a right angle. The second submedian cell is about equal in length to the first and increases in width from its proximal to its distal extremity. On the posterior wing the retinaculum, composed of a row of small hooklets, arises at the origin of the radial vein. The median cell is greatly elongated, and from its distal end two short veins extend toward the distal border of the wing. The cubitus arises distal to the end of the submedian cell, whose posterior distal angle, formed by the submedian and submedian cross veins, is obtuse. The ground color of the body is black, but in teneral specimens this may appear brown. The color of the maculations varies from pale- yellowish white to rich orange yellow. KEY TO SPECIES. Males. 1. Process on second sternite long and curved (fig. 218); clypeus, large spot on mesopleura and large discal spots on scutum yellow...............------- aurata. 1. Process on second sternite otherwise formed; above combination of maculations BEYSY Op GS ENG wie eres sheet etet Yo ere ated Ie wl Se otal wasn fatale aisle fale Pampa oaee a te Seas ay cata) Ae 2. 2. Process on second sternite hirsute; genital stipes as in fig. 224............ hirsuta. 2. Process on second sternite smooth; genital stipes as in fig. 226........ monodonta. Females. 1. Pubescence on head, thorax, and median segment unusually long and dense, very conspicuous on dorsum of median segment.......-.-.-..----------.--- hirsuta. in bubescence: not unusually long and. dense. t 2.22 2.25 seas sees Dua tel aye were iee 2 2. Clypeus, scape, mesopleura, and large discal spots on scutum yellow.....-- aurata. 2. Combination of maculations as given above not present............-.-.monodonta. MICROBEMBEX MONODONTA Say. Figs. 6, 219, 225-230. Bembex monodonta Say, Nar. Exp. St. Peters River, Append., 1824, p. 335. Bembex ciliata LePELETIER, Hist. Nat., vol. 3, 1845, p. 279. Bembex monodonta LEContE, Say’s Complete Writings, 1859, p. 226, male. Bembex argentifrons Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 4, 1865, p. 141. Microbembex monodonta Patron, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 5, 1879, p. 362. Monedula nigrifrons Provancuer, Add. Faun. Can., p. 362, male, female. Bembex monodonta Hanpuirscu, Sitz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.—Nat. Cl., vol. 102, 1893, p. 882. Microbembex monodonta Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 363. Microbembex monodonta (and varieties) JoHNsoN and Rouwer, Ent. News, vol. 19, 1908, p. 374. Male.—Black: Labrum in part or entirely, apical border of clypeus or entire clypeus, tubercles, narrow line on posterior border of prono- tum, spot on tegulae, lateral line above base of wings on scutum variable in extent, sometimes pair of discal marks on scutum, lateral rectangular spots on scutellum variable in size, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia or pair of oblique lines on dorsum of median segment, sometimes postero-lateral angles of median segment, very fre- 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. LS URES en we See quently spot on mesopleurae, fasciae on tegites 1-6, first usually roundly emarginate on anterior middle, second, and third (some- times fourth) biemarginate on anterior border, frequently lateral spots on seventh, small lateral spots on second and third sternites, distal part of femora variable in extent, tibiae except spot below on first pair and sometimes on second, tarsi except ultimate segments, yellow. The color of the maculations varies from bright orange to pale greenish yellow and the variation in the extent of their development and in their combination on different individuals is such that the description given above may not apply with absolute accuracy to any single specimen. The clypeus is typically black, but it is fre- quently bordered with yellow and it may be wholly yellow. The labrum likewise may be entirely black or entirely yellow but it is more frequently black with apical yellow: markings. The frons, scape, and flagellum are black. The variation in the maculations of the thorax and abdomen are as great as on the head. The wings may be heavily infumated in medial region or they may be hyaline and in the series before me all degrees of infumation may be found. The pubescence is short and white. On the frons and clypeus, especially on well preserved specimens, it gives a bright silvery reflection. It is shorter on the thorax and shows scarcely any sil- veriness. Segments 6-8 of the flagellum bear evident pits on the posterior surface; the ultimate segment is rounded apically and only very slightly curved. The second sternite bears a prominent, smooth, median, longitudinal process that terminates posteriorly in a short curved point. Female.—Black: Labrum wholly or in part, mandibles except apices, usually apical border of clypeus, rarely scape below, narrow posterior orbits, spot on tegulae, lateral lines on scutum, frequently pair of discal marks on same, lateral spots on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, usually spot on postero-lateral angles of same, spot on mesopleurae variable in size, fasciae on tergites 1-5, first roundly emarginate at midline on anterior border, 2-5 biemarginate or bisinuate and usually with median notch on anterior border, sixth tergite apically or with apical lateral spots, lateral spots on sternites 2~3, femora distally, tibiae except line below, on first pair and sometimes on second, and tarsi varying in degree, pale-yellowish white or yellow. The wings are dis- tinctly infumated on most specimens, but on some they are almost hyaline. The pubescence on the clypeus and frons is short and dense and gives a silvery reflection; on the vertex it is somewhat longer; on the thorax and abdomen it is short and not conspicuously silvery. Length.—8-14 mm “ No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. LOT: As in the case of the male, the variation in the maculations is great. The labrum is usually bordered with yellow but it may be wholly yellow, or, in rare cases, it may be entirely black. This is like- wise true for the clypeus. The mandibles also may be entirely black. In the case of some western specimens the scape is yellow below. The scutum frequently bears a pair of prominent discal marks, but the increase or decrease of yellow on the scutum or sides of thorax does not appear to bear any definite relation to the increase or decrease of yellow on other parts of the body. The markings on the females from the eastern part of the United States are for the most part pale-yellowish white, whereas those on the females from the western part are more commonly bright yellow, but yellow forms are found in the East and light ones occur in the West. Although it is quite possible that, in the large number of speci- mens before me, collected from such widely separated localities, there may be included distinct varieties or even more than one species, nevertheless I am not able at this time to find characters on which I can make a satisfactory separation. Habitat.—Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Massa- chusetts, Connecticut, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, LUlinois, Iowa, Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Montana, Nevada, California, and Washington. Number of specimens examined—Males, 197; females, 157. MICROBEMBEX AURATA, new species. Figs. 218, 221, 222. Male.—Black: Mandibles except apices, labrum, clypeus, scape except spot above, narrow shortened anterior orbits, narrow broken posterior orbits, prothorax almost entirely, tegulae, broad lateral lines on scutum, pair of large diamond-shaped discal marks on same, pair of large lateral spots on scutellum, metanotum, broad curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, lateral angles and sides of same, small spot on metapleurae, mesopleurae almost entirely, tergites except a very narrow black basal border and on first tergite a mid- dorsal black spot, sternites except a more or less extensive black basal border, and legs except anterior basal parts of femora, bright yellow. Segments 6-8 of the flagellum bear prominent pits on the posterior surface, and the ultimate segment is truncate apically and is dis- tinctly curved. The wings are hyaline. The pubescence on the frons and vertex is tolerably long and dense but is not conspicuously silvery. On the thorax and abdomen the pubescence is short and not conspicuous except on the sides and ventral surface of the ulti- mate abdominal segment, where it is more evident. The process on the second sternite is large, curved, obliquely directed backward and 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52. pointed. The genital stipites are distinct in shape, yellow in color, hirsute and weakly chitinized. Female.—The shade of color and the character of the maculations on the female are almost the same as those on the male. As is usual in the case of these wasps the maculations on the female are better developed than on the male; the orbits are more extensive and the black on the legs and abdomen reduced. The pubescence is similar to that on the male with the silveriness on the frons more evident. The sides of the apical emargination of the ultimate tergite are pro- duced into short but evident spines. As in the case of the male the ultimate segment of the flagellum is truncate apically and slightly curved. Length.—12-14 mm. The black mark on the mid-dorsal area of the first tergite of the type is replaced on the allotype by an anterior emargination; on the paratypes this mark is obscure or wanting. On one paratype the first two flagellar segments are yellow below and on two others the lateral spots on the scutellum are united on the midline. Habitat.—California, Arizona. Number of specimens examined—Males, 3; females, 3. Type and allotype——Cat. No. 19672, U.S.N.M. Paratypes in the collection of the University of Kansas. MICROBEMBEX HIRSUTA, new species. Figs. 220, 223, 224. Male.—Black: Tubercles and narrow line on posterior border of pronotum joining them, tegulae, lateral lines on scutum, pair of discal marks on same, pair of large lateral spots on scutellum, metanotum, curved fascia on dorsum of median segment, postero-lateral angles of same, very small spot on mesopleurae, tergites 1-7 almost entirely triangular lateral marks on sternites 2-5, distal part of femora, tibiae more or less especially on posterior pair, basal part of metatarsi of second and third pair of legs, greenish yellow. The wings are hyaline. The pits on segments 6-8 of the flagellum are lacking. The process on the second sternite is characteristic of this species; it is short, blunt, not backwardly prolonged and is hirsute. The genital stipites are also very hirsute and are distinct in form from those of monodonta. Female.—Black: Labrum except apex, mandibles except apices, clypeus except a pair of black basal spots, scape below, short anterior orbits, narrow posterior orbits, tubercles joined by a narrow band across the posterior border of pronotum, tegulae, lateral lines on scutum, large lateral spots on scutellum, fascia on metanotum, curved fascia on dorsiim of medain segment, broad fasciae on tergites 1-5, first very slightly sinuate on anterior middle, remainder slightly bisinuate on anterior border and with a slight median notch, sixth * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 123 ane Pe SHPS Ng Na Nae ME EES SL AS Tees with lateral apical spots, small lateral spots on sternites 2-4, femora, distally, tibiae except spot on first and second pair below, and tarsi in varying degree, white or pale-yellowish white. The wings are hyaline. The frons, vertex, occiput, thorax and median segment are clothed with unusually long, dense, white pubescence, especially conspicuous on the sides of the thorax and on the dorsum and postero- lateral angles of the median segment. Length.—9-13 mm. The pubescence on the male is not conspicuously different from that on mondonia except that the process on the second sternite is hirsute, but on the female it is so markedly different as to furnish a basis for distinguishing the two species. The maculations show but slight variations; the tarsi may be pale with only a brownish shade or they may be decidedly dusky, the distal segments always darker than the proximal ones; on the males the discal marks on the scutum are frequently lacking, the mesopleura is usually black, and the black basal border of the tergites varies in extent; on the female the clypeus may be wholly yellow or it may have the basal border black; the emarginations or sinuations of the anterior border of the tergal fasciae vary in extent but are never very prominent; on a great many of the females from Arizona the black color, especially on the abdo- men, is replaced by brown of varying degrees of intensity. Since the series shows all shades from light brown to black this lighter color is believed to show simply a teneral condition. Habitat.—Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Number of specimens examined—-Males, 19; females, 33. Type, allotype, and paratype.—Cat. No. 19673, U.S.N.M. BIOLOGY. Much valuable work on the biology of various species of Bembicine wasps has been done, especially in Europe, but when we compare the number of species whose life history and habits have been investigated with the number of those about which we know practically nothing we wonder why these interesting insects have been so greatly neglected. With respect to the life-history and habits of species of Steniolia I have found in the literature consulted a single observation reported, that given by J. C. Bradley, in which he states that he found Steniolia duplicata Provancher in California sleeping in clusters on the stems of plants. Of the habits and activities of species of Stictiella I have found no report whatever. Among the species of this genus listed in this paper specimens of two (formosa and melanosterna) were found that had been collected while holding in their grasp adult forms of diurnal Lepidoptera. The biology of species of Stictia and Bicyrtes is better understood, but the greatest amount of attention and observation, both in Europe and in America, has been devoted to various species of the genus Bembiz. 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. Handlirsch in his monograph gives an excellent summary of what had been discovered with regard to the biology of Bembiz up to the time when his valuable work was brought out. According to this author the first report we have of observations upon the nesting habits of a species of Bembix is that made by Linnaeus in 1745, in which he reports Bembix rostrata (Apis: rostrata) flying about over sandy soil and digging burrows therein, within which the larvae were to be found. What is probably the earliest record of observa- tions on the habits of a Bembicine wasp in this country is that reported by John Bartram in the year 1763 ‘ in which he says: I saw several of these wasps flying about a heap of sandy loam: they settled on it, and very nimbly scratched away the sand with their fore feet, to find the nests, whilst they held a large fly under their wings with one of their other feet: they crept with it into the hole, that led to the nest, and staid there about three minutes, when they came out. With their hind feet they threw the sand so dextrously over the hole, as not to be discovered: then taking flight, soon returned with more flies, settled down, uncovered the hole, and entered with their prey. This extraordinary operation raised my curiosity to try to find the entrance, but the sand fell in so fast, that I was prevented, until by repeated essays I was so lucky as to find one. It was six inches in the ground, and at the farther end lay a large magot, near an inch long, thick as a small goose quill, with several flies near it, and the remains of many more. These flies are provided for the magot to feed on before it changes to the nymph state. Then it eats no more untill it attains toa perfect wasp. * * * But this yellow wasp takes a different method, with great pains digging a hole in the ground, lays its egg, which soon turns to a magot, then catches flies to support it, untill it comes to maturity. In 1809 Latreille, in the Anneles du Museum d’histoire Naturelle, gives a report of his observations on two species of Bembiz, rostrata and integra (tarsata). In this article he reports the fact that these wasps feed their young upon flies, and gives a description of the bur- rows constructed for their nests and a detailed description of the larvae. He points out the fact that although these wasps nest in colonies, each wasp digs a nest for herself, using for this work the stout spines with which the front legs are provided. He states that when the wasp has provided sufficient flies for the nourishment of her young she deposits a single egg in each cell and closes it up. He reports that although rostrata uses adult flies to store her nest she does not prey upon a single species, but attacks several. He further states that copulation occurs on the wing. Lepeletier? gives a very complete account of the nesting habits and mode of copulation of B. rostrata. In this account he points out the fact that flies taken by the wasp and stored are not killed but paralyzed. Hesays: Je lui enlevai sa proie, et la trouvai dans le méme état que celles saisies 4 l’entrée du nid: d’ou je conclus que cette pigtire met ses victimes dans une espéce de paralysie quin’est mortelle qu’au bout d’un laps de temp assez considérable pour qu’elles soient dévorées vivant par la larve du Bembez. 1 Philos. Trans. London, vol. 53, p. 37. 2 Hist. Nat., vol. 2, 1841. * No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 125 Many other investigators have also contributed to the knowledge of the life and activities of Bembiz, and the names of those to whose works I have had access are given in the bibliography appended. Among these there are two, Fabre and Wessenberg-Lund, whose observations require further consideration here. Fabre maintains that the flies stored by Bembix are always dead when placed in the nest, and he suggests three possible explanations of this practice on the part of Bembia: (1) Bembiz does not know how to paralyze her prey; (2) the delicate character of the constitution of the fly is such that death is brought on instead of paralysis; or (3) the nervous sys- tem of the fly is not suited to paralysis. Fabre does not state posi- tively that the failure of Bembia to paralyze her prey is due to one of these three causes, but he sees no other means of explaining the departure from a practice so universal among the digger wasps. Wessenberg-Lund maintains, as does Fabre, that the flies stored by Bembizx are killed and not paralyzed when captured; but he rejects Fabre’s suggestions as to the probable cause therefor and finds the reason in the structure of the wasp herself. He enters into a critical discussion of the form of the abdomen of various types of wasps and bees and compares the form of the abdomen of those that are known to paralyze their prey with that of those in which the sting is not used for that purpose. He finds that the stalked abdomen, such as is possessed by Sphea, is associated with the instinct to paralyze, and arrives at the conclusion that this form of abdomen is necessary for the performance of this function. Consequently his answer to the question, ‘‘Why does Bembix not paralyze her prey?” is that she can not. Her abdomen is so formed as not to permit her to do so. Thus, both Fabre and Wessenberg-Lund maintain that Bembox rostrata does not paralyze her prey, but each explains this departure from what is the usual practice of digger wasps on different grounds. Fabre finds the cause in the character of the prey, Wessenberg-Lund in the structure of the wasp. If these investigators insist that this departure is true only for B. rostrata, as I believe they do, it is possible that they may be right. But if they maintain that this departure is true for all species of Bembiz they are wrong; for at least one species, Bembix spinolae Lepeletier, both possesses this power and makes use of it as the following observations show. On June 13, 1914 I observed a female of Bembia spinolae enter her nest carrying a Ohrysops fly. After some time, probably about five minutes, she emerged and was captured. I at once digged up the nest and found in the brood chamber a single fly, the one I had seen carried in. Upon the fly, which was lying on its back, was found the newly-laid egg placed in its characteristic position, attached by one end to the thorax at one side just posterior to the base of the wing. I carefully removed the fly and egg from the nest and placed 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. See ph 2 ele oN Se them in a breeding cell in the basement of my home. The egg of the wasp did not hatch until on June 20, delayed, no doubt, by the low temperature of the room, and the larva died on June 21, On June 23 I removed the dead larva and pinned the fly. This fly was not dead at the time it was pinned and even after the pin had been thrust through the thorax it continued to move its antennae and its legs. In this case a fly paralyzed by B. spinolae lived for 10 days and might have lived longer had I not killed it. As will be pointed out farther on the first fly brought to the nest by spinolae supports the egg of the wasp until it hatches. Furthermore, so far as my observations go, this fly is not consumed by the larval wasp. If this fly was dead at the time the egg is laid upon it, placed as it is in the warm moist earth, it would in all probability decompose before the egg would hatch and would prove a very unsatisfactory foundation for the support of the larval wasp. In no case where I have taken the fly from the nest within twenty-four hours after the egg was placed upon it has the fly failed to respond to stimulation. All were para- lyzed. Just how long they remain in this state in the burrow before death ensues I cannot say. Many of the flies brought in by spinolae for the developing larva are dead but by no means all of them. I frequently found in brood chambers, containing half grown larvae, flies that responded readily to stimulation. The Peckhams also report two instances in their observations on spinolae in which the fly brought in was not dead but paralyzed. With regard to the European species B. rostrata, which Fabre and Wessenberg-Lund had under observation, I, of course, have had no experience, and the fact that B. spinolae can and does make use of her power to paralyze is not a proof that B. rostrata does likewise. Lepeletier maintains, as pointed out above, that rostrata does paralyze her prey and it is possible that both Fabre and Wessenberg-Lund failed to carry the investigation far enough to discover the whole truth. Be the facts in the case of rostrata what they may, Wessen- berg-Lund’s conclusion that the form of the abdomen of Bembia inhibits the power to paralyze can not be accepted; for, in the case of one species of Bembix and of two species of Bicyrtes, in which genus the form of the abdomen is almost identical with that of Bembiz, we know the prey is paralyzed. Furthermore, Hartman, in his Observations on the Habits of Some Solitary Wasps of Texas (page 30), reports an observation on Bembix texana Cresson, in which the wasp seized and stung a fly that he had caught and fastened down for the express purpose of observing this action on the part of the wasp, and the Peckhams in their observations on Bembi« spinolae report that they twice observed this species in the act of stinging a fly. ’ NO. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 127 During the summer of 1914 I spent a great part of my time observ- ing the nesting habits of three species of Bembicine wasps: Bembiz spinolae Lepeletier, Bicyrtes ventralis Say, and Microbembex monodonta Say. The nesting site was a pile of clean sand on a vacant lot in the city of Washington. The last of these three species I had observed with considerable care the previous summer at Cedar Point, Ohio, and what was observed in Washington simply corroborated the facts previously obtained. BEMBIX SPINOLAE Lepeletier. In constructing her nest Bembiz spinolae digs a sloping tunnel in the sand varying from 5 inches to 1 foot in length and, by enlarging the tunnel at the end, forms a brood chamber which is from 4 to 6 inches below the surface of the ground. Those nests are digged at all times of the day; some females are busy at this work early in the morning, others late in the afternoon. On dark, gloomy days these wasps are inactive; they love the sunshine and the hottest part of the day finds them most active. About an hour is required to construct a nest, but the condition of the sand and the individuality of the wasp are important factors in determining the time required. When the nest is complete the wasp closes the entrance carefully and then attacks the pile of sand thrown up in excavating the nest. This she scatters in all directions and continues to work over the surface until all evidence of the presence of the nest is completely obliterated, which usually requires about five minutes. When this has been done the wasp sets forth in search of prey. The length of time required to secure the first fly for the new nest varied from 2 to 10 minutes. On the first fly placed in the nest the egg is laid and the time spent in this operation varied from 5 to 12 minutes. On emerging from the nest after depositing the egg the wasp shows renewed interest in the concealment of the entrance to her domicile. She spends as much time in effacing the evidence of the opening of the nest as she did in performing the same operation when the nest had just been completed. In this case she throws the sand from all directions toward the entrance to the nest, whereas in the previous operation she throws it away. B. spinolae stops up the burrow not only at the entrance but also at a short distance from the brood chamber. This I found true for every nest investigated. In the evening the female wasp usually returns and spends the night within the nest, but not in the brood chamber. In every case where I found a female within her nest she was found between the obstruc- tion at the entrance and the one near the brood chamber. The males of B. spinolae spend much of their time flying about over the nesting area seeking the females and quarreling among themselves. Copulation occurs on the wing. From time to time the males leave oe 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. the nesting area to make excursions to the flowers in the vicinity in order to feed on the nectar and presumably also upon the pollen. The males also dig burrows in the sand, in which they spend the nights and the days too during unfavorable weather. These burrows are short and extend to the depth of only an inch or two below the sur- face. It is an interesting sight on a hot summer day when a sudden shower comes up to see these males hasten to the nesting area and bury themselves in the sand. There has been much speculation as to whether Bembix rears more than one larva at a time and opinions on this point differ. So far as I am aware no positive evidence bearing on this matter has been pre- sented by other investigators and what I have obtained is not con- clusive. Ina preceding paper on the nesting habits of B. nubilipennis Cresson, it was pointed out that this wasp forms a series of lateral branches from the main tunnel and in these rears her larvae, but the evidence obtained in that brief investigation tends to show that but a single larva is reared at a time. My investigations of the nesting habits of B. spinolae give evidence of the same character. On two occasions, when keeping under observation a wasp that was busy car- rying flies into her nest, she completed this task and sealed up the nest. The sealing of the nest differs from the ordinary mode of closing it, in that in the latter case only the entrance is closed, whereas in the former the tunnel from the brood chamber to the opening is solidly packed with sand. In each case noted the wasp after completing her task of sealing up the nest searched about for a few minutes, and without going out of my sight, began and completed a new nest within which as soon as complete a fly was placed, upon which an egg was deposited. No more flies are placed in the nest until the larva emerges from the egg, which usually occurs at the expiration of one or two days after its deposition. The young larva does not leave the egg, but moves upward to the open end of the eggshell to which its posterior end remains attached. From this vantage point it can reach with its head to considerable distance on all sides. In no case observed did the larval wasp devour the fly on which the egg was placed. To do so would deprive the young larva of the advantage it enjoys in the position it occupies—a position that appears to be essential to its feeding upon the food provided by the mother wasp at this time. In no case did I succeed in rearing in my breeding cells a larva that was accidentally detached when small from the fly on which the egg was placed. Itis my conviction that the flies on which the young larva first feeds are crushed or macerated for it by the mother wasp. Inno case did I find a newly-hatched larva in my breeding cells able to feed upon house-flies that were given to it intact and a number of such larvae died for me before I discovered this. By crushing the flies .* NO. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 129 thereafter so as to permit the larva to reach the internal organs it fed freely and after a day or two it had no difficulty in feeding upon flies that were given intact. The larva feeds voraciously, grows rapidly, and the mother wasp is kept busy bringing in food for her hungry offspring. In my breed- ing experiments the shortest period within which the larva passed from hatching to the formation of its cocoon—that is, the time during which feeding occurred—was four days. From my observations in the field [ am inclined to think that the time of feeding in the larval stage, provided weather conditions do not prevent the mother from keeping on hand a plentiful supply of food, is on the average about six or seven days. Although I can not state the exact number of flies consumed by any one larva of this species, I should estimate the number of house-flies required to mature the larva to be at least 50. In my breeding experiments I made a practice of supplying more flies than the larva could consume in a day and then on each morning supplying fresh flies after removing from the cell all partly eaten and untouched flies therein. Consequently the exact number was not determined. The wasp carries her prey ventral side up beneath her body tightly clasped with her middle legs. She retains her hold upon her prey while opening the nest, resting on the posterior pair of feet while she digs open the entrance with her front pair. Wessenberg-Lund states that rostrata lays her fly aside while opening the nest, pausing in her work from time to time to make sure the fly is safe. I never saw spinolae lay aside her fly when opening her nest save in cases when the sand had been disturbed so as to make it difficult for her to find the entrance to thenest. In such cases the fly was discarded entirely and left lying on the sand. ‘The Peckhams say of spinolae that ‘‘some- times she drops the fly behind her and then, turning around, pulls it in with her mandibles.”” In my observations [ have never seen spi- nolae take a fly into the nest in any way other than the usual fashion. Melander in his article on Bembix (see bibliography) makes the fol- lowing statements: When the nest is of the requisite depth the wasp carefully covers it with loosened soil, concealing the opening. She then departs to sting a fly whereon to deposit her egg. The fly is carried to the nest and left at the door while the wasp digs through. She then descends to the bottom of the nest and returning to the doorway for the fly brings it down as food for her young one. It is not possible to say with certainty to which species of Bembix these statements refer, but the fact that one of the illustrations in the article is labeled,‘‘ Adult of Bembex spinolae, enlarged five times,”’ would seem to show that the article was written with this species in mind. Since two other species quite similar to spinolae are known to occur in northwestern United States, primaaestate and comata, it 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——9 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. is quite possible that the above observations may refer to one of these. On leaving the nest the entrance is invariably closed. The rapidity with which the wasp secures flies is shown by the following record of intervals between visits to the nest on each of which a fly was brought in. With wasp No. 29 observations began with the visit at 11.18 a. m., and closed with the visit at 12.30 p.m. The successive intervals between visits were 5, 4, 12, 14, 54, 114, 34, 114, and 5 minutes. In the case of No. 37 the intervals, beginning at 9.32 a.m. and closing at 11.02 a. m., were as follows: 5, 4, 6, 3, 5, 6, 14, 18, 5, and 24 minutes. These two cases may be taken as fairly representing the energy with which the wasp goes about her task. In each of these nests the larva was nearing maturity. As soon as the larva ceases feeding it encases itself in a cell or cocoon composed of grains of sand entangled in meshes of silk and firmly cemented together by a hard, tough substance probably fur- nished from glands in the mouth. When it begins to form its cocoon the larva spins a loose felt-work of silk about it as a foundation for the formation of the cocoon proper. In one case this silken felt-work was attached to the under surface of the glass covering the breeding cell, so that the cocoon formed within it was held above the sand in the cell and was firmly cemented to the underside of the glass. Although this larva was not surrounded on ail sides by sand, as is the case when the cocoon is formed in the nest, nevertheless, by some means that were not observed, it succeeded in incorporating grains of sand in the wall of the cocoon. Two cases coming under my observation throw new light upon the life-history of B. spinolae. In the first (No. 37) the nest was constructed and the egg deposited late in the afternoon of June 27, the nest was marked and kept under observation until July 3, when the mother wasp was captured and the nest digged up. The larva therein was nearly full grown. I placed it in a breeding cell together with the flies found in the brood chamber with it. On July 4 I gave it an additional supply of house-flies and on the morning of July 5 it had begun the formation of its cocoon. The larva was covered at once with sand and the cocoon was complete on July 6. This cell with its contents was then set aside and not inspected again until August 24, when to my surprise I found the adult wasp had emerged and unable to escape had perished in the cell. The date of its emer- gence is not definitely known. In the second case (No. 48) the egg was laid July 10 and hatched on July 12. The larva began forming its cocoon on the afternoon of July 17 and completed it on July 18. It was this wasp that formed its cocoon without being covered with sand. This cell was also set aside, but after the discovery related above it was closely watched and the adult wasp emerged on Septem- ber 2. Thus this wasp completed its transformations from egg to * NO. 21738. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. Hot adult between July 10 and September 2—a period of 54 days. In both cases the emerging wasps were females. It follows from this that in this locality Bembix spinolae has more than a single brood each year. I may add here that the wasps were still active in the field after September 2. The prey of spinolae, as in the case of other species of Bembix, con- sists of flies. The species found in greatest numbers in the nests opened in the course of my investigations was the common house- fly, due perhaps to the fact that the nesting site was located in a suburb in the city where this fly could be most easily obtained. Some individuals, however, showed a preference for other species, and not a single nest was found in which the flies were all of one spe- cies. Below are given the contents of three different nests, each of _ which contained a larva that I judged to be four or five days old. The flies found in these nests were kindly determined for me by Mr. W. R. Walton. First nest. 2 Winthemia 4-pustulata Fabricius. 10 Pseudopyrellia cornucinia Fabricius. 1 Musca domestica Linnaeus. 2 Sarcophaga, species ? Second nest. 1 Chrysops pudicus Osten Sacken. 1 Chrysops niger Macquart. 2 Tabanus coffecatus Macquart. 16 Odontomyia virgo Wied. Third nest. 1 Chrysops lugeus Wied. 2 Chrysops pudicus Osten Sacken. 1 Tabanus pumilus Macquart. 1 Tabanus lasiopthalmus Macquart. 13 Odontomyva virgo Wied. BEMBIX BELFRAGEI Cresson. All investigators that have observed the habits of species of Bembiz report that these wasps provision their nests exclusively with dipterous insects. I know of but one exception to this: Hartman in Observations on the Habits of Some Solitary Wasps of Texas, page 32, reports Bembiz belfragei Cresson as provisioning her nest with a large species of bug, a hemipterous insect. He informs me that the specimens on which this observation was based can not now be located. I am strongly of the opinion that identification in this case has been incorrect; that the species reported upon has been a member of the genus Bicyrtes. This is, however, only a matter of opinion based on a limited experience with species of the two genera. If B. belfragei does provision her nest with hemipterous insects she forms a marked exception among the species of Bembix thus far 132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. investigated. Prof. J. S. Hine, in circular No. 6 of the State Crop Pest Commission of Louisiana, page 27, makes a short report of his observations on a species of Bembiz that was determined for him as B. belfragei. have examined his collection and the specimens bear- ing the label B. belfraget is not that species at all but belong to my new species B. hinev. STICTIA CAROLINA Fabricius. In the same paper (pp. 20-27) Prof. Hine gives a detailed account of the nesting habits of Stictia carolina Fabricius (Monedula carolina Drury), the activities of the wasps, the character of the nest and its construction, a description of the larva, its size and mode of feeding, the cocoon and the character and quantity of food consumed. According to his observations these wasps prefer to feed their young on adult horse-flies, although they do not confine themselves exclu- sively to these flies. Hartman also has investigated the nesting habits of this species and in the paper cited above states that Stictia carolina deposits her egg in the empty nest and does not provide food until the egg has hatched. In this respect this species resembles Microbembex instead of Bembixz. In other respects the reports show that its breeding habits are quite similar to those of Bembiz. BICYRTES VENTRALIS Say. The species of Bicyrtes, so far as my own observations have gone and so far as is shown by the reports of other investigators, always use hemipterous insects, usually nymphs of the so-called stink-bugs, with which to provision their nests. These insects are paralyzed and in my breeding cells many remained alive for over a week. The nest of B. ventralis Say is made in the sand in situations similar to that chosen by Bembix spinolae, in fact, I have found them nesting side by side in the same sandy area. The nest of Bicyrtes is not so deep as that of Bembizx and is kept closed only at the entrance. When the nest is constructed and closed Bicyrtes goes at once in search of prey. When this is secured she returns to the nest carryig her booty in the same fashion as Bembiz and in the same fashion retains her hold upon it while opening the nest. The bugs are placed upon their backs in the brood chamber and the egg is deposited upon the first one brought in. Unlike Bembiz, Bicyrtes does not wait for the egg to hatch before bringing in more food, but proceeds at once to complete the pro- visioning of her nest, which is usually finished and the nest sealed before the egg has hatched. Usually each nest has but a single brood chamber, but in the course of my investigations I found two each of which had two brood chambers reached from the same entrance. In each case, however, the first chamber was provisioned and sealed before * NO. 2178. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 33 the second was constructed. lf unfavorable weather interferes with the work of the wasp before the nest is completely provisioned, she will return to it later and complete the store of food necessary to develop her offspring. Under such circumstances I have observed Bicyrtes ventralis carrying bugs into a nest that contained a half- grown larva. On one occasion, after a few days of adverse weather and while the sand was yet wet, f observed a female ventralis open and enter a nest but without carrying in a bug. After a few minutes spent inside she emerged and sealed up the nest. I at once digged up the nest and found within it a half-grown larva, several untouched bugs, and the remains of several more that had been devoured. I placed the contents of the nest in a breeding cell and in due time the larva completed its growth and spun its cocoon. Here it would seem that the mother wasp, after an absence of two or three days caused by rainy weather, visited the nest for the purpose of ascer- taining whether the larva had been sufficiently provided for. The fact that she sealed up the nest after the inspection indicates that she found conditions satisfactory and my subsequent investigation proved the correctness of her good judgment. On June 13 I marked a nest in which the wasp was busily storing bugs. I digged this nest up on June 20 and found the larva safely inclosed in its cocoon. It had passed from egg to mature larva within a week. On June 23 a wasp was observed storing her nest. While under observation she completed the provisioning of this brood chamber and sealed it up. She at once constructed a second brood chamber leading off from the same entrance as the first. She placed a few bugs in this, but night came on before the work was complete. She resumed her task on the morning of June 24, com- pleted provisioning the nest and then sealed it. I then marked the nest, but it was not again visited by the wasp. On June 26 I digged up the nest and placed the contents of the two brood chambers in separate breeding cells. The larva from the brood chamber that was first constructed completed its feeding and began forming its cocoon on June 28; the one from the second chamber, on June 30. The results of further investigations show that the egg usually hatches from forty-eight to seventy-two hours after being deposited. As in the case of Bembiz the larva moves up to the top of the empty eggshell and remaining with its posterior end attached thereto makes use of this vantage point to reach for food in all directions. The number of bugs placed in a brood chamber varied from 3 to 11. In cases where the number of bugs was large the individuals were smaller than where the bugs were less numerous. The larva com- pletes its feeding in from three to five days, so that the time from newly-laid egg to encased larva is approximately one week. 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. BICYRTES QUADRIFASCIATA Say. In the course of my investigations I discovered two nests of Bicyrtes quadrifasciata—one at Sandusky, Ohio, and the other at Great Falls, Maryland. In both instances my attention was drawn to the insect by the loud, humming noise she makes as she approaches her nest with her victim. Unlike ventralis, which species flies hither and thither over the nesting area in search of her burrow, quadri- fasciata, when she arrives in the vicinity of her nest, poises in the air several feet above the ground and, while making the humming noise referred to, slowly and steadily descends directly to the entrance to the burrow. The nest at Sandusky contained two bugs, nymphs of a species of Nerarra, of which both were paralyzed, and upon one, evidently the first brought in, the egg was placed in the same fashion as that noted for ventralis. At Great Falls the wasp was taken at the entrance to her nest as she was about to enter with her first victim. BICYRTES, species? Hartman, in his paper cited above, reports upon two species of Bicyrtes that were identified for him as Bembidula parata Provancher and Bembidula pictifrons Smith. I am strongly of the opinion that we have here another case of misidentification. Bicyrtes (Bembidula) parata Provancher was described from California and I have not seen a single specimen of this species from Texas. I suspect that the observations reported by Hartman for parata refer either to capnoptera Handlirsch or to my new species, annulata. With regard to the second species, B. pictifrons Smith, no such species, so far as I am aware, was ever described. It is possible that the man who determined the specimen may have meant to write Monedula picti- frons Smith instead of Bembidula pictifrons, but the character of the observations indicates that the species in question belongs to the genus Bicyrtes. It is to be hoped that the specimens on which these determinations were based may yet be located and the identity of the species so carefully observed and reported upon may be posi- tively established. — MICROBEMBEX MONODONTA Say. The data, on which is based the following discussion of the biology of Microbembex monodonta Say, were obtained between June 17 and July 25, 1913, at the Lake Laboratory of the Ohio State University located at Cedar Point, Sandusky, Ohio. This strip of land is a ereat sand-bar more or less sparsely covered with vegetation. In the immediate vicinity of the Lake Laboratory the surface is very irregular, due to the shifting of the sand by the wind, and on the bottoms and sides of these “blow-outs,’”’ where vegetation is exceed- ingly scarce, these wasps nest in countless numbers. They prefer » no. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 135 the open spaces entirely free from vegetation, but their burrows may be found almost anywhere among the clumps of grass and even under the trees wherever the sand is free from leaves or not hidden by fohage. Although a high wind, when the sand is dry or a violent rain-storm, invariably alters in no small measure the surface of the naked sand, nevertheless such changes in no way discourage these energetic little insects or even seriously interfere with their prosperity. On June 17 the wasps were found in great numbers flitting about over the sand and many were already at work on the construction of nests. The great majority, however, at this time were males, from which fact it seems that the males emerge somewhat earlier than the females. A number of pupae were digged out of the sand and the insects permitted to emerge in the laboratory. In all 10 insects were secured in this way and all were females. In searching the sands from day to day many emerging wasps were digged out, but only a very few of these were males, and my records show that not a single male was thus discovered after the ist day of July. Mating occurs immediately after the female has emerged. The fact that the male emerges in advance of the female appears to be a provision of nature to insure the fertilization of all females. The males are constantly searching the sands for the emerging females, and a female is not long above ground before she is discovered by a passing male and fertilized. The female is usually found and seized by a male before she has made any attempt to fly, and a fierce but brief struggle precedes copulation, the pair rolling about on the sand or in some instances rising into the air. Copulation requires but a brief time, about half a minute, and the male seems capable of fer- tilizing a number of females. All data secured tends to show that copulation occurs but once. While the females are digging their burrows and searching the sands for food for their young they are continually pestered by the roaming males, every one of which in passing a busy female either hovers about her for an instant or pounces upon her back. In the majority of such cases the male retains hishold but momentarily, apparently realizing very quickly that he has made a mistake; in others a struggle ensues upon the sand and occasionally the male will retain his position on the back of the female for some time, but in all of these cases, and hundreds were observed, not a single mating was effected. At the close of the period of investigation very few males were in evidence and the females in great numbers were digging their burrows in peace. The nest is a simple unbranched tube and a single larva is reared in each. The young is reared at the extreme end of the burrow, which is enlarged somewhat to form a brood chamber. ‘These bur- rows are from 8 inches to 1 foot in length from end to end and the brood chamber is from 3 to 6 inches below the surface of the sand. * 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. The variation in the length and depth of the burrow depends a great deal upon its location. If it is constructed on a level spot the brood chamber, as a rule, is not so far below the surface as it is when the burrow is placed on a sloping site, and the wind by shifting the sand may alter its depth, no matter where placed. In no case did I find a burrow branched or with more than a single young within it. The wasp digs with great rapidity, but the length of time required to complete a burrow varies with the condition of the sand and the abundance and activity of the males. After a rain the sand is wet and heavy and the work is laborious, and when the sand is quite dry and loose it slides down into the entrance as fast as the wasp digs it out. In fact, if the sand is very dry and loose the wasps can not con- struct their burrows at all, and I have seen them work for half a day without being able to get out of sight in the sand, whereas when the sand is in good condition—i. e., shortly after a rain—a burrow can be completed in the course of two or three hours or even less. Occasionally we find two and even three females contending for the same burrow, and it is interesting to watch the struggle that ensues. When the contestants are of the same size the argument becomes decidedly strenuous. They push and shove and crowd each other about the entrance to the burrow. One will gain the entrance only to be seized by the wing or hind leg and dragged out by the other, which, on gaining the entrance, is subjected to the same treatment by her rival. Frequently as one of them seeks to enter the burrow the other will pounce upon her back, seize her, and rising on the wing carry her to a short distance and drop her without ceremony upon the sand. These struggles sometimes last for hours with no decided advantage to either and apparently no harm sustained by either. The explanation of these contests apparently lies in the fact that, owing to the great number nesting in the same area, two or more burrows are constructed with their entrances quite close together, so that one wasp in opening her burrow disturbs the entrance to the nest of a neighbor, and if this neighbor is desirous of inspecting her nest at the same time a fight ensues. When the burrow has been completed a single egg is placed in the brood chamber at the extreme end. This is firmly fastened in an upright position in the sand of the floor of the brood chamber. The egg is white, cylindrical, and rounded at the ends. The eggs hatch in from two to three days, and the larvae at first remain with the posterior part of the body still attached within the egg shell, for the egg is always placed so that the head of the developing larva is upper- most, and it waves its anterior part about in search of food. No food, however, is placed in the burrow until the egg has hatched. In this respect Microbembex monodonta resembles S. carolina as reported by Hartman. Microbembex monodonta feeds its young on dead insects, we NO. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 137 which it gathers up from the surface of the sands, instead of capturing and paralyzing living insects by stinging, as do other wasps of similar habits. The food is consequently exceedingly variable, but May-flies and midges were most used, probably because of their abundance on the sands and the consequent ease with which they could be secured. When the wasp is storing her nest with food it is possible to induce her to take into it insects placed at the entrance while she is inside. In this manner I repeatedly succeeded in having newly-killed May- flies, midges, house-flies, and stable-flies taken into the nest. If a May-fly was disabled but still possessed of life enough to move its legs or wings the wasp invariably appeared afraid of it and refused to touch it when it was placed at the mouth of her burrow. I did not observe a single case in which a wasp attacked and carried off a living unin- jured insect, but they did attack and carry off house-flies, stable-flies, and even May-fiies that I cast upon the sand after having disabled them to such an extent that they could not fly. In seizing such an insect the wasp appears to sting it, but of this I can not speak with certainty. When one of these insects was seized the wasp invariably bent her abdomen forward, bringing the tip into contact with her victim, thus going through the performances that would be incidental to stinging; but this same performance may sometimes be seen when the wasp seizes a dead and dried insect lying on the sand. I am of the opinion, however, that the instinct to sting still remains, and that whether the prey be a disabled or a dead insect the wasp uses her sting upon it. One of the most interesting questions met in this investigation is “How do these wasps find the entrance to their burrows?” The results of my observations force me to conclude that they do so through the sense of smell or some power similar to smell. When the wasp has completed her burrow and deposited an egg therein she closes up the entrance by digging the sand into the mouth of the bur- row until it is filled. Not content with this she smooths the sand about the entrance and then beginning near it she proceeds outward first in one direction and then in another, throwing the sand behind her and scattering it loosely over the spot where the mouth of the burrow is concealed. When she has finished there is absolutely not a trace of the burrow to be seen. Nevertheless when the wasp returns two or three days later she is able after searching about over the sand for a little while to dig down directly into the mouth of the burrow as readily as if before filling it up she had inserted a stake into it to guide her in opening it again. She can do this no matter how greatly the appearance of the surface has been changed by wind, rain, or the trampling of animals since the time when she so carefully concealed the entrance. I repeatedly altered the appearance of the sand about the entrance to the nest between the visits of the wasp while she was busied in bringing in food, but I never succeeded in confusing her, 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. though I dashed buckets of water over the surface, placed a small pile of sand over the entrance, or changed the surroundings by placing paper, leaves, and rubbish about the entrance to the nest. The following is an extreme case: I had been sitting on the sand for almost an hour observing a number of wasps on a day when the stable- fly was causing me great annoyance by biting my ankles, and as a result the sand about my feet had been trampled and disturbed. While fighting the flies I observed a wasp searching about my shoe, which at the time rested flat upon the sand. She flew round and round my foot, lighting first at one point and then at another, evi- dently trying to find a means of getting beneath it. I moved my foot aside and the wasp after searching the area covered by my shoe began to dig at a point that had been directly beneath it. She digged down directly into her burrow. Presently she came out, closed the burrow and set forth in search of food. Here it does not seem possible that the sense of sight or the relation of surrounding objects could have been of any possible use in locating the entrance to the burrow, for my trampling had changed everything within 2 feet of the nest, and my foot was directly over the entrance at the time she began her search for her nest. As stated above, no food is placed in the brood chamber until the egg is hatched, and even then sufficient is not provided at one time for the development of the larva. It is thus necessary for the wasp to open and provision.the nest on two or more days. My investiga- tions clearly established the fact that the nest is provisioned at least twice and possibly oftener. When the wasp brings food to the nest she holds it with her intermediate pair of legs tightly clasped beneath her and while resting upon her hind legs she digs open the nest with her front pair. This is neither the easiest nor the quickest way of accomphshing the work of opening the nest, but itis much the safest. If she releases her hold upon her booty it is almost sure to be carried off by another wasp in search of food for her young. Sometimes the dead insect is so large that the wasp is compelled to lay it aside while opening the nest, but this is never done until by trial the wasp finds she can not open the nest while retaining her burden. It is under such-conditions that she is most likely to be robbed of her property. She is, however, just as likely to be assailed while holding it but with less danger of losing it. The struggles at the mouth of the burrow for the possession of a dead insect are frequent and furious, the con- testants grappling and rolling over and over on the sand. Frequently it happens that the prey is dropped in the struggle and while the pair of contestants are rolling on the sand a third wasp comes along. and settles the quarrel by quietly carrying off the coveted treasure. This fighting over food is not limited to struggles for possession at the entrance to a nest, but may occur at any time when two wasps may chance upon a dead insect on the sand at the same time, or when one oe No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 139 in possession of a dead insect is met by one empty-handed. I have frequently seen two wasps fight fiercely for the possession of a dead insect that the victor, after gaining possession of it, discarded as not worth carrying off. When leaving her nest the wasp invariably closes the opening, but no very careful attempt is made to conceal the point of entrance save when the visits for that day are complete. This species is preyed upon by a number of parasites and this precaution of closing the nest is doubtless to safeguard the nest against these enemies. They do not, however, make any effort to close the entrance while within the nest—a precaution that is practiced by both B. spinolae and B. nubil- ipennis. During the six weeks within which these observations in the field were recorded efforts were being made to rear the larval wasps, but the final results were far from satisfactory. At first I took small bot- tles filled with moist sand in which artificial cells were made wherein eggs and larvae of different ages were placed. These were put in a box and kept in the laboratory. While this work was in progress the weather was very hot and every attempt ended in failure,.the larvae invariably dying before reaching maturity. This method was aban- doned and a box filled two-thirds full of sand and provided with a removable top was sunk in the sand so that the top was 4 inches below the surface. In the sand within the box little pits were made and stocked with eggs and larvae of various stages. The cover was placed on the box and the whole apparatus covered to a depth of about 4 inches with sand. All went weil for three days; conditions were apparently as nearly normal as need be, but the third day a colony of little red ants found my box and destroyed every vestige of my larval wasps. The box was moved to what was deemed a safe place and restocked. Things flourished for three days, when ants again found the box and left not a trace of the wasps. I next secured shell vials 25 by 80 mm. which I partially filled with sand in which pits were made for the reception of the eggs and larvae. A single egg or lava was placed in each vial and a cork was loosely inserted to keep out the ants and the vials were placed in the sunken box. This plan worked quite well and I succeeded in rearing to maturity several larvae taken at various stages of development and also in carrying two larval wasps through from the egg to maturity and encasement. On July 17 a number of nests in process of construction were marked and at 5 p. m. of the same day all these nests were completed and closed, save one, which had been abandoned. On the morning of the 18th three of these marked nests were opened before the wasps were astir and each contained an egg in its characteristic position. These were placed in the breeding box. One was destroyed by mi- nute worms, a second was accidentally crushed by a fall of the vial, but the third hatched. This egg was deposited on the afternoon of 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 52. Pe Lee ne a css reat SUL On July 17; was still unhatched on the morning of the 19th, but was hatched on the morning of the 20th. It was fed daily on freshly killed May-flies, the remains of the supply of food given on one morn- ing being invariably removed before the fresh supply was given on the succeding day. It completed its growth and began its encasement on July 25. On the 21st another of these marked nests was opened anda larva apparently about 24 hours old was secured. It had been pro- vided with food, but whether on this date or on the 20th could not be determined. This larva was placed in the breeding box, and reared under conditions similar to the preceding. It likewise completed its erowth on the 25th but failed to encase. On the 23d another of these marked nests was opened and a larva secured therefrom and placed in the breeding box. This one completed its development on the 26th but failed to encase—due to neglect on my part. In the case of the first two the time from the deposition of the egg to com- pletion of the feeding of the larva was eight days and in the third nine. It is quite probable that the time normally required by the wasp is somewhat greater than this since the character and quantity of food supplied to the larvae in the breeding case was much superior to that usually furnished by the mother wasp. When the period of feeding is complete the larva encases itself in an elongated egg-shaped cell or cocoon composed of grains of sand held together by threads of silk that are covered with some adhesive substance, probably furnished by glands in the mouth of the insect. My breeding experiments tend to show that the larvae can not encase unless they are buried in the sand. Many larvae brought to maturity in the vials simply spun a flat web of silk in their cells, and perished without forming cocoons whereas others burrowed down into the sand in the vials and readily encased. Others failing to burrow into the sand were covered loosely with sand by filling up the vials. These readily formed their cocoons. The first encased larva found in the field was secured on June 28 and it is not probable that many mature earlier than this date. Two weeks later encased larvae were very frequently found when burrows were opened. It is not easy to distinguish a newly constructed co- coon from one formed the year before without opening the cocoon. If the cocoons are very carefully removed the newly constructed ones invariably have adhering to them loose silk fibers resembling the web of a spider; these are never present on a cell a year old. The old cells are also somewhat darker, but this is not a reliable cri- terion. Inno instance was a cell found in a brood chamber or among the remains of food. It appears that the larva when it ceases feeding either advances from the brood chamber a short distance into the tunnel where its narrower diameter permits the larva to reach the sand on all sides or, more rarely, makes its way into the sand from the side of the brood chamber. In all these instances where the cell was . No. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 141 discovered before its situation had been disturbed and its relation to the burrow could be positively determined the cell was found in the tunnel of the burrow from one to three inches from the remains of the food left in the brood chamber. Whether the cells found in the sand at one side of the brood chamber (a circumstance that was observed several times) was formed there by the larva, or had been dislodged in the digging or was formed in another tunnel not associated with the brood chamber near it, are questions that I failed to settle to my own satisfaction. The fact that some of the larvae in my breeding vials burrowed for an inch or more into the sand shows that the larva can if it chooses make its way into the sand from the brood chamber with- out the aid of a tunnel. After encasing the insect remains in the larval form until the fol- lowing spring. Just when the change to the pupa state is made—that is, how long the pupa stage lasts—I have not determined, since all the cocoons secured from the sands after I took up my work on June 17, contained either the pupae of the wasp or larvae or pupae of para- sites. When the wasp is ready to emerge it cuts off a circular cap from the end of the cell and comes out. All cocoons from which the wasp had emerged were found densely filled with sand, evidently dig- ged back into them by the wasps at the time of emergence. No very careful attempt to determine the parasites that prey upon M. momodonta was made. The most common one is a species of Bombylid fly, Exoprosopa fascipennis Say, which was repeatedly taken in the act of ovipositing in the sand at the entrance to the burrows of the wasp and a pupa of which was taken from a cocoon of this species. Another parasite taken from a cocoon is a species of Mutillid wasp, Dasymubilla, species? In additon to these a num- ber of small parasitic flies, probably Tachinids, were always busy about the entrance to the burrows awaiting an opportunity to dash into the opening behind the wasp as she entered her nest and de- posited an egg upon the food she carried in for her young. The little red ants that interfered with my breeding operations also tun- nel through the sand and destroy the contents of every nest that they chance to find. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. Figures 1 to 6, inclusive, were made from microscopic projections of balsam mounts of the wings. They are, therefore, exact in outline and proportions and since all were drawn on the same scale of magnification the relative sizes are shown. No other drawings were made from balsam mounts; they were made directly from the naked objects. In preparing the genital stipites the wasps were relaxed and the genitalia exserted and allowed to dry either attached to the abdomen of the wasp or more fre- quently detached and mounted on strips of paper placed on the pin. All figures except those of the wings are camera lucida drawings made with a Bausch & Lomb microscope, using a 48 mm. objective and 10X ocular, except in the case of figure 80, where a 16 mm. objective and 5X ocular were used, and in the case of figures 218 to 230, inclusive, where a 48 mm. objective and 15X ocular were employed. Wherever 142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. possible two drawings of the genital stipites of each species were made, an outline drawing of the dorsal aspect of the pair of stipites and a more careful drawing of a single one of the same individual, the stipes being shifted so that the view falls ver- tically upon its broadexpanse. Drawings of a single stipes of a species are of the more careful kind. Ina few cases stipites of several individuals of one species are figured to show variation. BIBLIOGRAPHY. ASHMEAD, WILLIAM A. The Habits of the Aculeate Hymenoptera. Psyche, 1894, p. 60. BARTRAM, JOHN. Observations made by Mr. John Bartram, at Pennsylvania, on the Yellow Wasp of that country. Philosophical Transactions, London, vol. 53, 1763, p. 37 BRADLEY, J. CHESTER. A Case of Gregarious Sleeping Habits Among Aculeate Hymenoptera. Annais of American Entomological Society, vol. 1, 1908, p. 127. BuRMEISTER, HERMANN. Bembicidae Argentini, Boletin de la Academia Nacional de ciencias exactas exis- tente en La Universidad de Cordova, vol. 1, 1874, p. 129. CocKkERELL, T. A. D. Contribution to the Entomology of New Mexico, Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 7, 1898, p. 142. Notes on some Hymenoptera, Can. Ent., 1899, p. 255. Cresson, E. T. On the Hymenoptera of Cuba. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 4, 1865, p. 141. Notes on Cuban Hymenoptera. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, 1869, p. 293. Report upon the collections of Hymenoptera made in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorada, New Mexico, and Arizona during the years 1872-1874. Hymenoptera Texana. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 218. Synopsis of the Families and Genera of the Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Supplement, 1887. Danwsom, A. G. Hymenoptera Europea Praecipue Borealia, vol. 1, 1845, p. 486. Fasre, J. H. Etude sur instinct et les metamorphoses des sphegiens. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, vol. 6, 1856, p. 137. Notes sur quelque points de l’histoire des Cerceris, des Bembex, etc. Annalesdes Sciences Naturelles, vol. 6, 1856, p. 183. Fasricius, J. Cur. Systema Entomologiae, etc. Flensburgi et Lipsiae, 1775. Genera Insectorum, 1776 (or 1777). Mantissa Insectorum, ete. Hafniae, 1787. Entomologia Systematica amendata et uacta, Hafnia, 1792. Systema Piezatorum, Brunsvigiae, 1804. Fox, William J. Report on Some Mexican Hymentoptera, Principally from Lower California. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2), vol. 4, 1893, p. 10. Synopsis of the Bembicini of Boreal North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 351. Two New Bembicine Wasps. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 9, 1901, p. 84. HanpuirscH, ANTON. Monographie der mit Nysson und Bembex Verwandten Grabwespen, vols. 4, 1889; 5, 1890; 7, 1893. HarTMAN, CARL. Observations on the Habits of Some Solitary Wasps of Texas. Bulletin of the University of Texas, No. 65, 1905. * NO. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKEER. 143 Hine, James S. A Preliminary Report on the Horseflies of Louisiana, with a Discussion of Reme- dies and Natural Enemies. Circular No. 6 of the State Crop Pest Commission of Louisiana. 1906. Second Report upon the Horseflies of Louisiana. Bulletin No. 93 of the Louisiana Experiment Station. 1907. ILLIGER, Kart. Magazin fur Insektenkunde, vol. 6, 1807, p. 195. Fauna Etrusca (Rossi), ed. 2, vol. 2, 1807, p. 131. JOHNSON and RoHWER. Colorado Bembicidae. Ent. News, vol. 19, p. 378. Kou, Franz F. Die Gattungen der Sphegiden. Annales der k. k. Naturalhistorischen Hofmu- seums. Wien, 1896. LATREILLE, P. A. Histoire naturelle générale et particuliére des insectes, vols. 3, 1800; 5, 1803; 13, 1805. Considerations générales, etc. 1810. Le PELLETIER DE SAINT-FARGEAU, AMADEE. Histoire naturelle des Insectes Hymenopteryes, vol. 3. Paris, 1845. MELANDER, A. L. How Does a Wasp Live? State College Bulletin, vol. 3, No. 6, Washington Agri- cultural College, 1904. Morice, F. D., and Durrant, J. H. The Authorship and first publication of the Jurinean Genera of Hymenoptera. Trans. Ent. Soc. London. Feb. 27, 1915. p. 400. Packarp, A. S. Revision of the Fossorial Hymenoptera of North America. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 6, 1867. p. 353. PaRKER, J. B. Notes on the Nesting Habits of Bembex nubilipennis. The Ohio Naturalist, vol. 10, No. 7, May, 1910. Patron, W. H. List of a Collection of Aculeate Hymenoptera Made by Mr. 8S. W. Williston in Northwestern Kansas. Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 5, 1879. The American Bembicidae. Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 5, 1880. Notes Upon Wasps. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 3, 1893, p. 45. PreckHAM, GEORGE W. and ELIzABETH G. Wasps, Social and Solitary. Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1905, p. 119. PrRovancHeER, L’ABBE L. Additions et Corrections au Volume 2 de la Faune Entomologique Canada Traitant des Hymenopteres. 1889, p. 416. Rouwer, S. A. The Bembicid Wasps of Boulder Coulty, Colorado, University of Colorado Studies, vol. 6, No. 3, p. 243. Descriptions of New Species of Wasps in the collections of the United States National Museum, Proc. U. 8. National Museum, vol. 41, p. 466. Say, THoMAs. Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter’s River by Keating, II. Appendix, Zoology. Philadelphia, 1824. Smith, Frep. Catalogue of Hymenoptera in British Museum, vol. 4, p. 335. WESENBERG-LLUND, C. Bembex rostrata, dens Liv og Instinkter. Entom. Medd., ser. 1, vol. 3, 1892; pp. 19-44. Figs. 1-4.— WINGS OF 1, STENIOLIA DUPLICATA; 2, STICTIA CAROLINA; 3, STICTIELLA VILLOSA; 4, BICYRTES VEN- TRALIS; 5, BEMBIX SIMILANS; 6, MICROBEMBEX MONODONTA. 144 36 40 Figs. 7-44.—EIGHTH STERNITE OF 7, STENIOLIA NIGRIPES, VENTRAL VIEW; 8, S. DUPLICATA, VENTRAL VIEW; 9, S. ALBICANTIA, VENTRAL VIEW; 10, S. OBLIQUA, VENTRAL VIEW; 11, S. TIBIALIS, VENTRAL VIEW; 12, Ss. NIGRIPES, LATERAL VIEW; 13, S. DUPLICATA, LATERAL VIEW; 14, S. ALBICANTIA, LATERAL VIEW; 15, 8. OBLIQUA, LATERAL VIEW; 16, S. TIBIALIS, LATERAL VIEW; GENITAL STIPITES OF 17-19, STENIOLIA NIGRIPES; 20-22, S. DUPLICATA; 23-25, S. ALBICANTIA; 26-28, S. OBLIQUA; 29-30, S. TIBIALIS; TIBIA AND METATARSUS OF 31, STENIOLIA OBLIQUA, MALE; 32, S. TIBIALIS, MALE; 33, S. TIBIALIS, FEMALE; 34, SEVENTH TERGITE, STICTIA SIGNATA, MALE; 35, LATERAL SPINE, SEVENTH TERGITE, 8. SIGNATA, MALE; 36, SEVENTH TERGITE,S.CAROLINA, MALE; 37, LATERAL SPINE, SEVENTH TERGITE, 8. CAROLINA, MALE; GENITAL STIPITES, 38-39, S. SIGNATA; 40-41, S. CAROLINA; 42, MIDDLE FEMORA, S. CAROLINA, MALE; ANTENNA, 43, S. SIGNATA, MALE; 44, S. CARO- LINA, MALE. 10 145 65008°—Proe.N.M.vol.52—17. 84 85, Fics. 45-85.—GENITAL STIPITES OF 45-46, STICTIELLA PICTIFRONS; 47-48, S. FORMOSA; 49-50, S. MELANOSTERNA, 51-52, S. SERRATA; 53, S. PLANA; 54-55, S. TUBERCULATA; 56, S. CALLISTA; 57-58, S. BITUBERCULATA; 59-60, S. EMARGINATA; 61-62, S. PULCHELLA; 63-64, S. SPECIOSA; 65-66, S. MELAMPOUS; 67-68, S. VILLOSA; 69-70, S. TENUICORNIS; 71-72, S. MEGACERA; 73-74, S. EXIGUA; 75,S.PULLA; 76-77, S.FEMORATA; 78-79, S. DIVERGENS; 80, APICAL SEGMENTS, ANTENNA OF S. PICTIFRONS, MALE; 81, ANTENNA OF S. FORMOSA, MALE; 82, S. MELAN- OSTERNA, MALE; 83, S. SERRATA, MALE; 84, S. PLANA, MALE; 85, S. CALLISTA, MALE. 146 105 Fias. 86-110.—ANTENNA OF 86, STICTIELLA BITUBERCULATA, MALE; 87, S. EMARGINATA, MALE; 88, S. PUL- CHELLA, MALE; 89, 8. SPECIOSA, MALE; 90, S. TENUICORNIS, MALE; 91, S. MERGACERA, MALE, BASAL PART; 92, S. EXIGUA, MALE; 93, S. PULLA, MALE; 94, S. FEMORATA, MALE; 95 S. DIVERGENS, MALE; 96, MIDDLE TIBIA AND METATARSUS OF S. PICTIFRONS, MALE; 97, S. FORMOSA, MALE; 98, LAST SEGMENT, LEFT ANTERIOR TARSUS OF S, FORMOSA, MALE; 99, MIDDLE TIBIA AND METATARSUS OF S. MELANOSTERNA, MALE; 100, S. SERRATA, MALE; 101, S. TUBERCULATA, MALE; 102, LAST SEGMENT RIGHT ANTERIOR TARSUS OF S. TUBER- CULATA, MALE; 103, MIDDLE TIBIA AND METATARSUS OF S. CALLISTA, MALE; 104, S. BITUBERCULATA, MALE; 105, S. EMARGINATA, MALE; 106, S. PULCHELLA, MALE; 107, 8. SPECIOSA, MALE; 108, S. MELAMPOUS, MALE; 109, MIDDLE TIBIA OF S. FEMORATA, MALE; 110, S. DIVERGENS, MALE. 147 hy) a RLUARA ORY hi vu 136 Fiqs. 111-138.—GENITAL STIPITES OF 111-112, BICYRTES FODIENS; 113-114, B. VENTRALIS; 115-116, B. PARATA; 117-118, B. 4-FASCIATA; 119-120, B. VARIEGATA; 121-122, B.ANNULATA; 123, B. GRACILIS; 124-125, B. vipu- ATA; 126-127, B. INSIDIATRIX; 128-129, B. CAPNOPTERA; 130-131, B. MESILLENSIS; 132, MIDDLE FEMUR OF B. VENTRALIS, MALE; 133, B. CAPNOPTERA, MALE; 134, POSTERIOR COXAE OF B. FODIENS, FEMALE; 135, ULTIMATE TERGITE OF B. FODIENS, FEMALE; 136, B. BURMEISTERI, FEMALE; 137, B. ANNULATA, FEMALE; 138, B. CAPNOPTERA, FEMALE. 148 1 aga ih \ a Fias. 139-184.—GENITAL STIPITES OF 139-140, BEMBIX ARCUATA; 141, B. U-scripta; 142-143, B. CINEREA; 144-145 B. HINEI; 146-147, B. NUBILIPENNIS; 148-149, B. AMOENA; 150-151, B. SAYI; 152-153, B. BELFRAGEI; 154, B. STENEBDOMA; 155-156, B. FOXI; 157-158, B. SPINOLAE; 159-160, B. SPINOLAE, SHOWING VARIATION; 161- 162, B. CAMERONI; 163-164, B. COMATA; 165, B. COMATA, SHOWING VARIATION; 166-167, B. PRIMAAESTATE; — 168, B. PRIMAAESTATE, SHOWING VARIATION; 169-170, B. SIMILANS; 171-172, B. PRUINOSA; 173-174, B. BEUTEN- MULLER]; 175-176, B. OCCIDENTALIS; 177-178, B. TROGLODYTES; 179-180, B. MELANASPIS; 181-182, B. TEXANA, 183-184, B. HELIANTHOPOLIS. 149 aVEAA Ce 188 191 189 186 193 190 194 204 6 : 200 197 199 195 202 ms 203 201 0 205 ae Figs. 185-211.—ANTENNA OF 185, BEMBIX ARCUATA, MALE; 186, B. CINEREA, MALE; 187, B. HINEI, MALE; 188, B. NUBILIPENNIS, MALE; 189, B. AMOENA, MALE; 190, B. SAYI, MALE; 191, B. BELFRAGEI, MALE; 192, B. STENEBDOMA, MALE; 193, B. FOXI, MALE; 194, B. SPINOLAE, MALE; 195, B. CAMERONI, MALE; 196, B. Co- MATA, MALE; 197, B. PRIMAAESTATE, MALE; 198, B. SIMILANS, MALE; 199, B. PRUINOSA, MALE; 200, B. BEUTENMULLERI, MALE; 201, B. OCCIDENTALIS, MALE; 202, B. TROGLODYTES, MALE; 203, B. MELANASPIS, MALE; 204, B. TEXANA, MALE; 205, B. HELIANTHOPOLIS, MALE; 206, CLYPEUS AND LABRUM OF B, ARCUATA, LATERAL VIEW; MIDDLE TIBIA AND METATARSUS OF 207, B. ARCUATA, MALE; 208, B. U-SCRIPTA, MALE; 209, MIDDLE TIBIA AND TARSUS OF B. HINEI, MALE; MIDDLE METATARSUS AND TIBIAL SPUR OF 210, B. AMOENA, 211, B. SAYI. 150 228 229 Figs. 212-230.—CLYPEUS AND LABRUM OF 212, BEMBIX BELFRAGEI, LATERAL VIEW; 213, SIXTH TERGITE OF B. BELFRAGEI, FEMALE; 214, MIDDLE TIBIA AND METATARSUS OF B. STENEBDOMA, MALE; 215, VENTRAL VIEW, STERNITES 6-8 OF B. STENEBDOMA, MALE; 216, SIXTH TERGITE OF B. RUGOSA, FEMALE; 217, CLYPEUS AND LABRUM OF B. RUGOSA; PROCESS ON SECOND STERNITE OF 218, MICROBEMBEX AURATA, MALE; 219, M. MONO- DONTA, MALE; 220,M. HIRSUTA, MALE; GENITAL STIPITES OF 221-222, M. AURATA; 223-224, M. HIRSUTA; 225-226, M. MONODONTA (OHIO); 227-228, M. MONODONTA (FLORIDA); 229-230, M. MONODONTA (WASHINGTON). 151 eet a Teen af em een om she . a i” ase i Ae eat eens anata (fe the ae a ait ia ‘Ah cA UNE IR ee ‘poe See mT) ‘a . acts ay ite PAREN hey ©) inne 25 | pulchella, Monedula.............- 40 insidiatrix, Bembidula...........- TA Siieticlla.. eee eee ee 40 iBieyrtiess: “veers... 1% |: pullay Wonedula:s.. 256 s4-6se see 52 mmbIoMIs DEM bess: PEL 92 | quadrifasciata, Bembidula........ 65 nivirons, Bembix:.22:--3.'2 saat. - 116 Dlcyrten-cos.ese 2 65, 134 longirostra, Bembex . .....------- 5 |srostrata, Bembex-5.22.-2-44 cae 124 mamillata, Monedula. .-...----.-.- 35.) Tugosa BemibIx..52. .-22s en ee a 95 megacera, Stictiella............--. 49’ sallet, Monedulla x! 2: 22 os eae 65 melampous, Stictiella......-....- 43) \}pavd, bembex...s2.csste. veer ae 90 melanaspis, Bembix. .--..- Foe 109 Demibie. 206 Ue ta ees 90 melanosterna, Stictiella.......--. 30.|' sertula; Monedula-2...2---2. 22 2.. 46 meliloti, Bembidula-.... 222222". 2. 64 Sivehiella 2205s 46 mesillensis, Bembidula........--- 73 | scolopacea, Steniolia.............- 10 Bicyrtes:+.-2.22 seen. (>. eerrata, Moneditlas. 225222252 “eee 31 Microbembex c22228 Sect hae 117 Stletiellla. 223) 22 ee ee 31 generic description of..... 117 | servillii, Bicyrtes................ 62 key to species of....-..... 119 | signata, Monedula..............-. 18 MUraie este ee ee ao 121 ALICHIO 2: eee ee i8 hirsitasscesesc tees 2 122 srmilans’ Bembexis.ageseess oe. 103 monodonta:<'2 2 Suse. 119 Bembixe) 25) see. eee 103 minutula, Monedula.............-- 40 | singularis, Monedula. ...........- 2 Monedula (Hasselquist)......-.---- 2))-spinolae. bembex!)s.02 22-242 =: 98 (Latreidle):.. 322-222) '22 - 2 Bembix icc .ssscec sence 127 monodonta, Microbembex..-....-- 134 broods! 2.2820 an eee eee LO ability to find nests22. 2022. 137 COCOONS oes 558 ache 130 breeding expriments with.... 189 feedingiof larvacss252-2ec2e—- 128 COCOOD Ye val eee eae cmae 140 habitsiot males.a 22s. -eenseee 127 contests at nests: +..22-552 2.) 136 Tar Vis ocr o 2 0 tie eye tee arte 128 copulation 225. cece csss-se5 (doo mode of carrying prey......--- 129 Dry ate Stel Sin te Se eee et 136 Nesting halits-s.ss. sense eee Ley MESS eeeeae eee eon re aloe OVEposition. 2. 7e5 Seen us oe ae 125 MGStING Siles2c- sewed sees 134 power to paralyze............- 125 OMPOSILLO Mea sae eee chee ser 136 | stenebdoma, Bembix.............. 94 EGE orate ta cet ce oe cree 137 | Stentolia = 2:2. so3)eesee oe cee 5 nigrifrons, Monedula.....--..---- 119 generic description of........- 5 IOTUPES, SLCMIOM A: Soe cs eet bra 8 key tospecies ons: si. Suse sec 8 nubilipennis, Bembex........-... 87 albicamtid. se. soa se seer 12 Bemba. sae ciara 87 duplicates: vs. o.e0s cae ene 10 obliqui, Steniolia-....20222--222 5% 12 MITER. e/a Oe 8 obsoleta, Bembex....-.--22..2524- 105 ODUMGUS 3:55. seatoceeremeee 12 Bembyxecso5-eaecesee ee 105 suldured a eee ore ones 9 occidentalis, Bembex.-.-....-.---- 106 tibialis’ 54.8 te ee oP eee 14 Bembix.2.:i2-/52035.' 106°) Stretiai teen eee eee 15 parata, Bembidula.......2.......- 64 generic description of........- 16 IBiGyrbed 2 sos tee oe ee 64 key to species of. ............ 18 Monedule orb. 2 2 a. aan 64 CAFOUITIAL eh ek scene eee 20 pictifrons, Monedula. ....- Sate 25 eignata: fee keer tn see 18 Stietelasvec 22 2 ees 25) ) Stletiellas 22 eke eet ee 21 paris, Monedula eso ase uae eee 32 generic description of. ....--- 21 Sitehelix caste oe 32 key to species of .......-.....- a primaaestate, Bembex.._-- Eee 101 bituberculsita 3.2225. 8's 36 . no. 2173. A REVISION OF THE BEMBICINE WASPS—PARKER. 155 Page. Page. Stictiella: callista: Jo2225-2-55-6~ S47 tibialis: Stemioligecse.ceescceee es 14 CIVERGENS 4225/58 ier < 2 a/c 55 | troglodytes, Bembex.............. 108 emaroinate 0 /o./ cic se 38 Bembix.-....: Jee oee 108 EORICUM ss says iaatarcievs cere « 50 | tuberculata, Monedula...........- 34 FOTNOLALR Ste oat aiore, ota MENG <2 53 ptictiella. o/s. since 34 PORTION eee ec! Spejayeta, cea 27 | W-scripta, bembex. 22... «Lai. ; ‘ig a tee =~ oy ; Sipe i. ae : 7 1 eT Ar ee ; we te Nise ia] ie nae EB aot gata if, rae ee G4, me hia af ws ee Pie us . cae aaa ro 7 ee snd Oe ea. 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NORTH AMERICAN EARTHWORMS OF THE FAMILY LUM- BRICIDAE IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE UNITEDSTATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. By Frank SMITH, Professor of Systematic Zoology, University of Illinois. INTRODUCTION. The classification of earthworms in common use at the present time recognizes four families of which three are represented in North America. The present paper deals with the family Lumbricidae, which is chiefly represented in Europe and Western Asia where it presumably originated. North America has scarcely a dozen indige- nous species of this family as yet described and but a slightly larger number of species that are also found in the Eurasian region. A considerable number of the latter have probably been introduced into North America through the agency of European settlers. The earthworms which are most characteristic of the North American region belong to the families Megascolecidae and Geoscolecidae and will be dealt with in a subsequent paper. The systematic literature on North American Lumbricidae is decidedly meager. Eisen was the pioneer in this field, and in 1874 listed nine species of which four were described as new. These spe- cies were recorded as from Mount Lebanon, New England, and from Niagara, Canada. Correspondence with Doctor Eisen has brought out the fact that the Mount Lebanon mentioned is really in the eastern part of the State of New York. Michaelsen described two new species from Georgia and Florida in 1894 and one from North Carolina in 1910, and in 1900 published an important paper dealing with the distribution and relationships of the lumbricid fauna of North America. Ude described a new species from Georgia in 1895, and H. F. Moore in the same year described a new species from Pennsylvania for which he had in 1893 described the new genus Bimastos. Finally, Smith and Gittins described two new Tlinois species in 1915, and in the same year Smith published the descrip- tion of a new variety together with a list of the species found in Illinois. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 52—No. 2174. 157 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. The Lumbricidae in the collection of the United States National Museum fortunately include specimens presented by Eisen from the original collections on which he based his descriptions of three of the new species mentioned above. These permit a description of the internal anatomy, of which a lack of knowledge had left their actual relationships in doubt. This paper forms No. 70 of the series of contributions from the zoological laboratory of the University of Ilinois. TERMINOLOGY. There is much lack of uniformity in the use of terms and symbols in publications dealing with earthworms, and hence it is desirable to explain some of those used in this paper. Those adopted are the simplest which are sanctioned by the usage of the more careful recent writers of systematic papers on the group. Arabic numerals are used to designate the number of a somite, counting from the anterior end. When the separation between somites is obscure, advantage may be taken of the fact that the first setae are borne on the second somite. Externally the limits of somites are ordinarily indicated by transverse (intersegmental) erooves, while internally the septa serve this purpose. Not infre- quently, and especially in the anterior part of the worm, there is a considerable lack of correspondence in the external and internal boundaries of somites thus indicated. Septa and intersegmental grooves for any two adjacent somites are represented by the same formula—for example, 5/6—the context showing which is meant. In the Lumbricidae there are eight setae to the somite, and these are more commonly arranged in pairs. It is customary to indicate the setae of either side by the use of the letters a, b, c, and d; the ventral- most seta being designated by a, the next by 6, the next by c, and the dorsalmost one by d. If the distances ab and cd are less than one- third of the distance bc, the setae are said to be closely paired; and if otherwise, they are widely paired, or they may be unpaired or sepa- rate. If the prostomium completely divides the peristomium and the longitudinal grooves which form its lateral boundaries extend clear to the intersegmental groove 1/2, the prostomium is said to be tanylobic. If the prostomium and its lateral grooves extend only part way across the peristomium and fail to reach the groove 1/2, it is called epilobic. Tubercula pubertatis are glandular ridges closely associated with the ventral edges of the clitellum on some of its somites. The spermathecae are pouches which open to the exterior and receive sperm cells from another individual. They are the same as the seminal receptacles mentioned in many textbooks. The sperm sacs open into the cavity of 10 or 11 and store temporarily the sperm os no. 2174. EARTHWORMS OF THE FAMILY LUMBRICIDAE—SMITH. 159 cells produced in those somites. Each sperm sac lies in a somite adjacent to the one into which it opens. These organs are often called seminal vesicles in the textbooks. In the following key marginal numbers in parentheses refer to other paragraphs in the key which contain alternative statements which are to be compared with the one concerned and a decision made between them. TECHNIC. An adequate study of earthworms for systematic purposes de- mands serial sections of sexually mature specimens, although much important information can be gained from careful dissections. When there is scarcity of material and in dealing with types, the writer, beginning at the anterior end and using a safety razor blade, splits the specimen in the sagittal plane as far as desired and at least through the 16th somite. A piece on one side of this cut is re- moved and made into serial sagittal sections. If there is dirt in the alimentary tract in the piece to be cut, it must be removed before im- bedding. One is less likely to lose sections at the end of the series if he begins sectioning on the side opposite the cut surface. KEY TO SPECIES OF LUMBRICIDAE REPORTED IN NORTH AMERICA. 1 (41) Prostomium incompletely divides the peristomium, epilobic ..........-...- 2 2 (40) Spermaries and spermiducal funnels not inclosed in sperm vesicles. (Anterior margin of clitellum is anterior to 30 in species included in this key.) Helodrilus .3. 3 (17) Spermathecal pores, dorsal to seta line d, near mid-dorsum ..-.........-.-.- 4, 4(9) Posterior margin of clitellum not extending as far as 29; antero-dorsal surface of body pigmented with some shade of brown. Amphibious. Subgenus Lvseniella.5. 5 (6) (7) (8) Spermiducal pores on 13; clitellum on 22 or 23-26 or 27. Af. (E.) tetraedrus typica. 6 (5) (7) (8) Spermiducal pores on 15; clitellum on 22 or 23-27. HI. (E.) tetraedrus hercynia. 7 (5) (6) (8) Spermiducal pores on 13; clitellum on 20 or 21-24 or 25. H. (E.) tetraedrus neapolitana. 8 (5) (6) (7) Spermiducal pores on 15; clitellum on 20 or 21-24 or 25. HT, (E£.) tetraedrus ninnii. 9 (4) Clitellum extending posteriorly at least to 29.......... Subgenus Eisenia .10. 10 (11) Setae widely paired; ab:be:ced=5:9:5 ......2.-----. HT. (E.) venetus hortensis. EMO setae closely spaired) 3. J Pee sseeks oe Us Se eR ek Wie coe a a 12: 12 (13) Three pairs of spermathecal pores, 8/9, 9/10, and 10/11; clitellum, 24-30. H. (E.) lénnbergi. Hout?) Two pairs oi spermathecal poresi: No. 2174. HARTHWORMS OF THE FAMILY LUMBRICIDAE—SMITH. 161 family and is tentatively subdivided by Michaelsen into six sub- families, not very sharply defined, of which five are represented in North America. Genus HELODRILUS Hoffmeister, 1845. The chief character, by which species of this genus are distinguished, is the absence of any special sperm vesicles enclosing the spermaries and spermiducal funnels. Subgenus EISENIELLA Michaelsen, 1900. For synonomy see Michaelsen (1900a: 471). Michaelsen (1910) has reduced this group from generic to sub- generic rank and considered its relationships to the subgenus Lisenia (Malm) to be so close as to hardly warrant their separation. The only character used as a basis for such separation is the somewhat shorter gizzard which is chiefly confined to the 17th somite in Evseniella and ordinarily involves, in addition, more of the 18th somite in others. A much more significant character is probably to be found in the position of the oviducal pores. My study of American material of Helodrilus tetraedrus f. typica, H. t. £. hercynia, and Eisen’s Tetragonurus pupa has shown in every specimen exam- ined, the oviducal pores opening slightly mesad of a instead of slightly dorsad of 6; where, as far as known, they open in all other Lum- bricidae. If similar relations are found in European material, as is probable, the retention of the subgenus will be on a much better basis. Evsenrella differs from the other subgenera, except Eisenia, in having the pores of the paired spermathece between the seta line d and the mid-dorsal line. HELODRILUS (EISENIELLA) TETRAEDRUS (Savigny) forma TYPICA. Enterion teiraedrum SAVIGNY, 1826: 184. Allurus tetraedrus EIsen, 1874: 54. Fiseniella tetraedra (typica) MIcCHAELSEN, 1900a: 472. Helodrilus (Eiseniella) tetraedrus forma typica MicHAELSEN, 1910: 11. For more complete synonomy of this and other species, see Michaelsen, 1900qa. Length, 3-6 cm. Somites, 70-90. Color, quite variable, but usually some shade of brown. Prostomium usually epilobic. Setae paired ; slightly posterior to clitellum, aa: ab: be: cd: dd=3: 1:3: 1: 6; near posterior end, aa: ab: be: cd: dd =5: 2:5:2:6-8. Clitellum on 22 or 23-26 or 27. Tubercula pubertatis on 23-25 or 26. First dorsal pore on 4/5. Spermiducal pores on 13. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly mesad of a. Spermathecal pores on 9/10 and 10/11 between d and mid-dorsal line. Septa, 7/8-11/12 slightly thickened. Longitudinal partitions of the calciferous gland, narrow and the 65008°—Proc.N .M.vol.52—17——11 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. entire gland poorly developed as compared with those of many lumbricid species. Sperm sacs in 9-12. Spermathecae on dorsal side, chiefly in septa 9/10 and 10/11. This position of the sper- mathecal pores is the more usual one and is stated by Cognetti (1905) to be the normal one in European specimens. It differs from the statements of Rosa (1893), Michaelsen (1900a), and of Smith (1915). H. tetraedrus f. typica finds favorable conditions in the water-soaked banks of streams, lakes, and ponds. It is distributed generally throughout Europe and in many parts of the world where Europeans have settled. In the United States it has been reported from Penn- sylvania and California. New localities: Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Colorado, and Washington (Puget Sound region). HELODRILUS TETRAEDRUS forma HERCYNIA (Michaelsen). Allurus hercynius MICcHAELSEN, 1890: 7. Fiseniella tetraedra hercynia MICHAELSEN, 1900a: 473. Helodrilus (Hiseniella) tetraedrus £. hercynia MIcHAELSEN, 1910: 11. Similar to f. typica except that the spermiducal pores are on 15 instead of 13. The habitat is the same as that of f. typica, but the reported dis- tribution is less extensive, being limited to parts of Europe, and in the United States to California. New locality: It is abundant at Urbana, Illinois, in association with f. typica. HELODRILUS TETRAEDRUS forma NEAPOLITANA (Orley). Allurus neapolitanus ORLEY, 1885: 12. Eiseniella tetraedra neapolitana MicHAELSEN, 1900a: 473. Very similar to f. #ypica in most respects, but differs in the following: Length (maximum), 8 cm.; somites (maximum), 150; clitellum on 20 or 21-24 or 25; tubercula pubertatis on 21-424 or 24. The spermiducal pores are on 13 as in the typical form. Forma neapolitana is known from Italy and from California. HELODRILUS TETRAEDRUS forma NINNII (Rosa). Allolobophora ninnii Rosa, 1886: 680. Allurus ninnii MICHAELSEN, 1890: 10. Eiseniella tetraedra ninnii MIcHAELSEN, 1900a: 473. Similar to f. typica, but differs in the following respects: Somites, 120-130; clitellum on 20 or 21-24 or 25; tubercula pubertatis on 21 or 22-24; spermiducal pores on 15. The chief difference between this form and f. neapolitana is in the position of the spermiducal pores. Forma ninnit has been reported from Italy, Western Asia, and California. » no. 2174. HARTHWORMS OF THE FAMILY LUMBRICIDAE—SMITH. 163 Notre oN TETRAGONURUS Eisen. Tetragonurus pupa EIsEn, 1874a: 47. Allurus pupa MIcHAELSEN, 1890: 10. Liseniella tetraedra pupa MIcHAELSEN, 1900a: 474. Length, about 2.5 cm. Somites, about 40. Color, sienna-brown anteriorly; light red posteriorly. Prostomium not dividing the peri- stomium. Setae paired. Clitellum on 18-22. Tubercula pubertatis on 19-21. Spermiducal pores on 12. In 1874 Eisen briefly described, in substance as above, the external characters of specimens collected by him at Niagara. He referred to their resemblance in appearance and habits to Helodrilus tetraedrus, then known as of the genus Allurus. In his paper there is no refer- ence to their abundance. One of the specimens was presented to the United States National Museum and has afforded an opportunity for a more extended examination, including a study of the internal anatomy from sagittal sections made from one half of the anterior part of the worm. Some of the more important characters have already been announced in a brief note in Science (1914: 364). The following are the important anatomical characters: Somites, 41. Clitellum on 18-22. Tubercula pubertatis on 19-21. Spermiducal pores on 11, between 6 and c. Oviducal pores on 10, slightly mesad of a. Spermathecal pores in 5/6 and 6/7, and dorsad of d. Evaginations at anterior end of calciferous gland in 6. Crop in 11 and12. Gizzard in 13 and a little way into 14. But one pair of hearts, which are in 7. Spermaries and spermiducal funnels in 6 and 7. Ovaries and oviducal funnels in 9. Sperm sacs in 7 and 8; none found in 5 and 6. Spermathecae in 6 and 7; adherent to the septa, 5/6 and 6/7. There is no satisfactory explanation for the discrepancy in the position of the spermiducal pores. It may have been due to an error in counting, or possibly there may have been a specimen in which they actually were on 12. It is obvious that each of the locations described for these organs is four somites anterior to the position normal in Lumbricidae. We have merely to assume that a specimen of ZH. tetraedrus f. hercynia had suffered the loss of the anterior nine somites and regenerated the usual number of five new ones, and the result would be such a worm as we have under discussion. It is the belief of the writer that the specimen originated in some such way. Such an assumption of course raises the question of the number of specimens collected and the possibility of examining others of the same collection. In reply to a letter asking for further information, Doctor Eisen makes the folowing statements: Tetragonurus pupa, I found in all, if I remember correctly, three specimens. They all agreed or seemed to agree; and the one you have sectioned should in my opinion, 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52. or so I thought, be the type. The place where I collected the 7. pupa was on the American side of the falls just below the suspension bridge (Niagara). In view of the above facts, there seems insufficient reason for re- carding this form as entitled to a distinct systematic position. Subgenus EISENIA Malm, 1877. The location of the spermathecal pores near the mid-dorsal line, or at least dorsad of d, separates this subgenus from others except Eiseniella; from which it is distinguished by the extent of the gizzard and probably by the position of the oviducal pores, as stated in the description of the subgenus Liseniella. HELODRILUS (EISENIA) LONNBERGI (Michaelsen). Allolobophora lénnbergi MicHAELSEN, 1894: 179. Eisenia lénnbergi MicHAELSEN, 1900a: 475. Length, 9.6 cm. Somites, 138. Color of dorsal and lateral sur- faces, brownish violet; the pigment lacking on the lateral surfaces of 8-12. Prostomium, epilobic 3. Setae, closely paired and orna- mented; those of the ventral pairs on most clitellar somites modified into long slender sexual setae; anteriorly, dd is somewhat less than 1 of the circumference and posteriorly only } of it. Clitellum on 24-30. Tubercula pubertatis on 26-}29. First dorsal pore on 7/8. Spermiducal pores on 15 without definite glandular elevations surrounding them; each is dorsal to 6 and at a distance equal to about 2a). Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of 6. Sperma- thecal pores on 8/9-10/11, close to the dorsal median line and near the dorsal pores. Septum 12/13, slightly; and septa 13/14 and 14/15, somewhat more strongly thickened. Sperm sacs in 9, 11, and 12. Spermathecae in 9, 10, and 11. H. lénnbergi has been reported from Georgia and North Carolina. HELODRILUS (EISENIA) CAROLINENSIS (Michaelsen) Eisenia carolinensis nomen nudum, MIcHAELSEN, 1903: 137. Helodrilus (Eisenia) carolinensis MicHAELSEN, 1910: 15. Length, 3.5 cm. Somites, 121. Color, more or less reddish, due in part to weak red pigmentation of dorsal surface. Prostomium, epilobic 4. Setae, closely paired; posterior to the clitellum, aa: be: dd=4 : 3:6; anteriorly dd=} circumference. Clitellum on 24-31. Tubercula pubertatis on 27-29, slightly dorsad of seta line 6. Papil- lae include ventral setae of 10, 16, 17, 24 or 25-31. First dorsal pore on 5/6. Spermiducal pores on 15. Spermathecal pores in 9/10 and 10-11, close beside the mid-dorsal line. Septa of anterior somites including the gizzard region are slightly thickened. Sperm sacs in 9, 11, and 12; those of 9 smaller than the others. Spermathecae in 10 and 11. *. no. 2174. HARTHWORMS OF THE FAMILY LUMBRICIDAE—SMITH. 165 One specimen introduced with plants into Hamburg from Fayette- ville, North Carolina. HELODRILUS (EISENIA) FOETIDUS (Savigny). Enterion fetidum (corr. foetidum) Savieny, 1826: 182. Allolobophora foetida E1sENn, 1874: 50. Evsenia foetida Maum, 1877: 45. Helodrilus (Eisenia) foetidus MIcHAELSEN, 1910: 16. Length, 6-13 cm. Somites, 80-110. Color, conspicuous, due to the transverse purple or brown bands on the middle of the somites alternating with nearly pigmentless intersegmental areas; pigment lacking on the lateral surfaces of 9-11. Prostomium, epilobic 3. Setae closely paired. Clitellum on 24, 25, or 26-32. Tubercula puber- tatis on 28-30 or 31. First dorsal pore on 4/5. Spermiducal pores on 15, between } and ¢ and not very near to either. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of 6. Spermathecal pores on 9/10 and 10/11, near the mid-dorsal line. Septa of anterior somites not much thick- ened, those of 7/8-9/10, 13/14, and 14/15 most so but only very mod- erately. Sperm sacs in 9-12, those of 9 and 10 smaller than the others. Spermathecae more commonly in 9 and 10, but always in close relation to the septa 9/10 and 10/11, and sometimes one or both may lie posterior to them. H. foetidus finds very favorable conditions in manure and compost heaps and is often found in decaying logs. It is abundant throughout Europe and in various parts of the world where Europeans have settled. In North America it is abundant and very widely dis- tributed. It has been collected in most of the States where earth- worms have been collected, including those of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, the Mississippi Valley, the Rocky Mountain region, and the Gulf States. HELODRILUS (EISENIA) ROSEUS (Savigny). Enterion roseum SAvIGNyY, 1826: 182. Allolobophora rosea Rosa, 1893: 427. Eisenia rosea MICHAELSEN, 1900a: 478. Helodrilus (Hisenia) roseus MIcHAELSEN, 1910: 14. Allolobophora mucosa E1sEN, 1874: 47. Length, 3-8 em. Somites, 120-150. Color of living specimens, pale red, but the body walls are without definite pigment. Pro- stomium, epilobic 4. Setae closely paired. Clitellum usually includes 25-32 and occasionally involves 24 or 33. Tubercula pubertatis, usually on 29-31, occasionally 30-31. Glandular papil- lae often include one or more setal bundles of 9, 10, 12, or 13, which may have modified genital setae. First dorsal pore on 4/5. Spermi- ducal pores on 15 and nearer to } than toc. Oviducal pores on 14, just dorsad of 6. Spermathecal pores on 9/10 and 10/11, close 166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. to the mid-dorsal line. Septa 6/7-9/10, considerably thickened; others to 14/15, but slightly. Sperm sacs in 9-12. Spermathecae on dorsal side of 10 and 11 with but short ducts. H. roseus is widely distributed in Europe and in various parts of the world where Europeans have settled. In the United States it has been reported from New York, Georgia, Indiana, Illinois, Louisiana, Arizona, and California. New locality: Maine. HELODRILUS (EISENIA) VENETUS var. HORTENSIS. Allolobophora subrubicunda forma hortensis MicHAELSEN, 1890: 15. Allolobophora veneta hortensis Rosa, 1893: 429. Eisenia veneta var. hortensis MICHAELSEN, 1900a: 477. Helodrilus (Eisenia) venetus var. hortensis MicHAELSEN, 1910: 30. Length, 3.5-5 cm. Somites, 80-120. Setae, widely paired; posterior to the clitellum, ab:bc:cd = 5:9:5. Clitellum on 24 25, 26, or 27-32 or 33. Tubercula pubertatis, two pair on 30 and 31. First dorsal pore on 5/6. Spermiducal pores on 15. Spermathecal pores on 9/10 and 10/11, close to the dorsal median line. Sperm sacs in 9, 11, and 12. H. venetus hortensis has been reported from various parts of Europe and from southern Africa and South America. The only record from North America is that of Michaelsen (1900:12), of specimens collected by Doctor Eisen at San Francisco, California. Subgenus ALLOLOBOPHORA Hisen, 1874. Setae more or less closely paired. Sperm sacs, four pairs in 9-12; those of 10 approximately as large as those of 9. HELODRILUS (ALLOLOBOPHORA) CALIGINOSUS (Savigny) f. TYPICA and f. TRAPEZOIDES (Dugés). Enterion caliginosum Savieny, 1826: 180. Allolobophora caliginosa Rosa, 1893: 442. Helodrilus (Allolobophora) caliginosus MIcHAELSEN, 1900a: 482. Allolobophora turgida ErsEN, 1874: 46. Allolobophora turgida forma tuberculata E1sen, 1874a: 43. Lumbricus trapezoides Ducks, 1828: 289. Helodrilus (Allolobophora) caliginosus trapezoides MicHAELSEN, 1900a: 483. Length, very variable, 6-17 cm. Somites, 105-240. Color of antero-dorsal surface, brown-red; very variable in intensity in different specimens. Prostomium, epilobic. Setae very closely paired, especially those of the lateral pairs. Clitellum on 27-34 or 35. Tubercula pubertatis in f. typica on 31 and 33 and im f. trape- zoides on 31-33. (The latter is by far the most common in North America.) Conspicuous glandular papillae surround the ventral setae of 9, 10, and 11 and in the clitellar region are very constantly present on 32-34 and less certainly on 28 and 30. First dorsal pore, usually at 9/10. Spermiducal pores on 15, rather more than half % no. 2174. EARTHWORMS OF THE FAMILY LUMBRICIDAE—SMITH. 167 way from } toc. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of b. Sperm- athecal pores on 9/10 and 10/11, in line with dorsal bundles. Septa 6/7-9/10, strongly thickened and 5/6 and 11/12-14/15, a little less so. Longitudinal partitions of the calciferous gland, usually 55-65 in number. Sperm sacs in 9-12. Spermathecae included within the septa 9/10 and 10/11 and not extending freely into the somite cavities. This is a species of the soil but seems to thrive equally well in the undisturbed soil of woodlands and in that of cultivated fields and gardens. It also abounds in the bottom lands of our rivers. H. caliginosus trapezoides is apparently the most abundantly represented and certainly the most generally distributed of the North American species of earthworms. There is scarcely one of the United States in which collections have been made in which this species is not found abundantly represented. HELODRILUS (ALLOLOBOPHORA) LONGUS (Ude). Enterion terrestre SAVIGNY, 1826: 180. Allolobophora terrestris Rosa, 1893: 444. Allolobophora longa Uvex, 1885: 136. Helodrilus (Allolobophora) longus MicHaELSEN, 1900a: 483. Length, 12-16 cm. Somites, 160-200. Prostomium, epilobic 4. Setae closely paired. Clitellum on 27 or 28-35. Tubercula puber- tatis on 82-34. First dorsal pore on 12/13. Spermiducal pores on 15, between 6 and c. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of b. Sper- mathecal pores on 9/10 and 10/11, in the seta line c. Septa 6/7-8/9 strongly thickened; thickness decreases posteriorly from 8/9. Sperm sacs in 9-12. Spermathecae in 10 and 11, enclosed in sacs between anterior septum and body wall. H. longus has been reported from Grand Manan and from Indiana. It is also found in many parts of Europe. New localities: Maine and Canada (Toronto). HELODRILUS (ALLOLOBOPHORA) CHLOROTICUS (Savigny). Enterion chloroticum+ EL. virescens SAviany, 1826: 183. Allolobophora chlorotica VEsDOVSKY, 1884: 60. Helodrilus (Allolobophora) chloroticus MIcHAELSEN, 1900a: 486. Lumbricus riparius HOFFMEISTER, 1843: 189. Allolobophora riparia EIsEn, 1874: 46. Length, 5-7 em. Somites, 80-125. Color of American specimens, more or less greenish. Prostomium, epilobic. Setae, closely paired. Clitellum on 29-37. Tubercula pubertatis, three pairs of sucker-like elevations on 31, 33, and 35. First dorsal pore on 4/5. Spermi- ducal pores on 15, between 6 and c. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of 6. Spermathecal pores on 8/9-10/11, in line with dorsal bundles. Septa 6/7-13/14, moderately thickened; those from 9/10 diminishing gradually toward the posterior. Sperm sacs in 9-12. 168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. Spermathecae in 9, 10, and 11, extending freely into the somite cavi- ties with ducts of moderate length. H. chloroticus is widely distributed in Europe and in various parts of the world where Europeans have settled. In North America it has been reported from Greenland, North Carolina, Vancouver, California, Mexico, and Guatemala. New localities: District of Columbia, Indiana, and Colorado. Subgenus DENDROBAENA (Eisen), 1874. The following characters are common to the more typical members of this subgenus: Setae, widely paired or separate. Spermathecal pores on 9/10 and 10/11, in the setae lines ¢ or d. Three pairs of sperm sacs in 9, 11, and 12. There are species that combine some of these characters with others belonging to other subgenera, and thus break down the dividing lines and make the classification difficult. HELODRILUS (DENDROBAENA) OCTAEDRUS (Savigny). Enterion octaedrum Savieny, 1826: 183. Allolobophora octaedra Rosa, 1887: 2. Helodrilus (Dendrobaena) octaedrus MicHAELSEN, 1900a: 494. Dendrobaena boeckii E1sen, 1874: 53. Length, 2.5-4 cm. Somites, 80-95. Color, violet-brown. Pro- stomium, epilobic. Setal intervals aa, ab, bc, and cd approximately equal; dd somewhat greater than either. Clitellum on 27, 28, or 29-33 or 34. Tubercula pubertatis on 31-33. First dorsal pore on 4/5. Spermiducal pores on 15, between 6 and ce. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad from 6. Spermathecal pores on 9/10-11/12, in the seta lined. Septa all thin with a slight thickening of 13/14 and 14/15. Sperm sacs in 9, 11, and 12. Spermathecae usually in 9, 10, and 11, but occasionally one or more may be found in the somites next posterior. H. octaedrus is known from various parts of Europe, northern Asia, Iceland, and Greenland. In North America it has been reported from Newfoundland and Mexico. New locality: Colorado (Boulder). HELODRILUS (DENDROBAENA) SUBRUBICUNDUS (Eisen). Allolobophora subrubicunda E1sEn, 1874: 51, Helodrilus (Dendrobaena) rubidus, var. subrubicunda MicHaELsEN, 1900a: 490. Helodrilus (Dendrobaena) subrubicundus MIcHAELSEN, 1910: 52. Length, 4-7.5 cm. Somites, 60-110; usually nearer the upper limit. Color of antero-dorsal surface, more or less red. Prostomium, epilobic 3. Setae, widely paired; be:ed:dd=2:1:4; ced, is a little greater than ab. Clitellum on 26-31, occasionally invading 25 or 32. * no. 2174. HARTHWORMS OF THE FAMILY LUMBRICIDAE—SMITH. 169 Tubercula pubertatis on 28-30. First dorsal pore on 5/6. Sper- miducal pores on 15, between 6 and ec. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of b. Spermathecal pores on 9/10 and 10/11, in the seta line ec. Septa 7/8 and 8/9 moderately thickened, 6/7, 9/10, 13/14, and14/15 slightly thickened. Sperm sacs in 9, 11, and 12. Spermathecae in 9 and 10, free in somite cavities, with very short ducts which enter the septa near the body wall. Specimens collected in Illinois have been found in wet soil more or less subject to sewage contamination. H. subrubicundus is widely distributed in Europe and in various parts of the world where Europeans have settled. It has been re- ported in North America from Newfoundland and California. New localities: Hlinois, Colorado, and Canada (Niagara). Subgenus Brmastus (H. F. Moore), 1893. This subgenus includes a group of species, chiefly North American, which have in common the following characters: Tubercula puber- tatis are indistinct or more commonly lacking. There are but two pairs of sperm sacs and these are in 11 and 12. Normally developed spermathecae are lacking. In most species the clitellum does not extend posterior to 32. HELODRILUS (BIMASTUS) PALUSTRIS (H. F. Moore). Bimastos H. F. Moors, 1893: 333. Bimastos palustris H. F. Moore, 1895: 473. Allolobophora (Bimastus) palustris MicHAELSEN, 1900: 10. Helodrilus (Bimastus) palustris MicHAELSEN, 1900a: 502. Length, in life, reaches 7.5 cm. Somites, 80-100. Color, pale red, but not due to pigment. Prostomium, epilobic 4. Setae closely paired; posterior to clitellum, aa:ab:be:cd:dd =18:4:16:3:27; ventral setae of 13 and 16, provided with special glands. Clitellum on 23-28. Tubercula pubertatis, lacking. First dorsal pore on 5/6. Spermi- ducal pores at summits of large chambers, formed by invaginations of body wall of posterior part of 15, between seta lines b and ¢; external openings of these chambers, surrounded by prominent glandular masses. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad and posteriad of 6. Septa scarcely thickened. Chambers at anterior end of calciferous gland open into the esophagus in 10; longitudinal partitions of the gland about 45 in number. Sperm sacsin 11 and12. Spermathecae lacking. H. palustris is found in the wet earth of the shores of rivers and ponds. It has been collected in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and North Carolina. 170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. HELODRILUS (BIMASTUS) TUMIDUS (Eisen). Allolobophora tumida Ersen, 1874a: 45. Allolobophora (Bimastus) tumida MicHAELSEN, 1900: 10. Helodrilus (Bimastus) tumidus MicHAELSEN, 1900a: 502. Length, about 3 cm. Somites, 40-50. Color, reddish-brown. Prostomium, epilobic ?. Setae, closely paired. Clitellum on 22-29." Tubercula pubertatis on 27 and 28; inconspicuous. Sper- miducal pores on 15, with small but definite glandular elevations. The description of this species by Eisen is in substance as above and is accompanied by four figures (1874a, fig. 5-8) showing, respec- tively: The dorsal aspect of the worm, natural size; ventral aspect of the clitellar region with the tubercular pubertatis; an outline sketch showing the shape of the body in cross section and the relations of the setae; and a drawing of the superficial aspects of the posterior two somites. One specimen of the original collection was presented by Eisen to the United States National Museum, and has given an oppor- tunity to study the internal anatomy and to make comparisons with closely related species. There is no indication of the number of specimens collected. In some respects the correspondence of Eisen’s figures and description with the museum specimen is so close that it seems fairly probable that they were based, at least in part, on that particular worm. The specimen is strongly contracted and measures 1.8 cm. in length. Hisen’s figure (natural size) shows a length of 2 cm. His statement ‘“Jongitudo circiter 30 mm.’’ was probably based on living specimens. The maximum diameter is .25 cm. The number of somites is 48, while Eisen gives ‘‘circiter 40” in his description and 50 in his table which lists characters of several species. The appearance of the specimen suggests the probability that it is incomplete; and this may account for the fact to which he calls attention—namely, that toward the posterior, from and including the clitellum, the somites gradually increase in length up to the last somite, which is almost twice as long as the one next preceding. It seems to me fairly probable that the last_somite is really just at the beginning of regeneration of more somites, but I have no positive evidence to that effect. The setae are closely paired, but the intervals are not as figured by Eisen. On somite 32, aa:ab:bce:ed:dd=18:4:18:4:45 represents very closely the relative setal distances. ‘Toward the posterior, dd becomes less and ab and ed slightly greater, but nowhere is ab as small as figured by Eisen, who represents it as distinctly less than cd and only about + aa. Neither is dd as small as represented in the figure, where it is scarcely aa. In the specimen examined, dd is at least 2 aa and near the clitellum is about $ aa. * no. 2174. HARTHWORMS OF THE FAMILY LUMBRICIDAR—SMITH. 171 The clitellum is sharply defined at its anterior and posterior limits on 22 and 29, as described, but it has an uneven development and extends slightly ventrad of two rather thick patches on 27 and 28, which I assume to be the tubercula pubertatis which Eisen described and figured. They seem too far dorsad and too similar to the clitellar mass about them to be homologous with the tubercula pubertatis of typical Lumbricidae. They are dorsad of seta line b. The first dorsal pore is on 5/6. The spermiducal pores are on 15; dorsad of }, about } bc. The oviducal pores are on 14, slightly dorsad of 6. The septa 6/7-9/10 are slightly thickened, 8/9 being somewhat thickest, and 13/14 and 14/15 are also slightly thickened and about equal to 8/9. The longitudinal partitions of the calciferous gland are apparently about 40 in number. The exact number can not be ascer- tained from longitudinal sections of one side. The last pair of hearts is in 11. Spermaries and spermiducal funnels are in 10 and 11 and present no peculiarities. The sperm sacs are in 11 and 12 and have the ordinary appearance and relations. Spermathecae are lacking. In his general comment on this species, Eisen refers to the peculiar position of the setae which gives a rectangular appearance like that of H. tetraedrus, and states that it is very characteristic of this species. The specimen bears out his statement and also his figure, except as to the setal distances ab and dd mentioned above. H. tumadus was found under moss and leaves in damp woods at Mount Lebanon, New York (New England of Eisen’s paper). No other locality has been reported unless it should develop, that the species is identical with H. gieselert hempeli Smith, described below. HELODRILUS (BIMASTUS) GIESELERI (Ude) forma TYPICA. Allolobophora giescleri Up, 1895: 127. Allolobophora (Bimastus) gieseleri MIcHAELSEN, 1900: 10. Helodrilus (Bimastus) gieseleri MIcHAELSEN, 1900a: 502. Length, average 5.5 em. Somites, about 110. Color of antero- dorsal part, faint red with bluish iridescence. Prostomium, epi- lobic 4 Setae, closely paired; slightly posterior to the clitellum, aa: be :dd=10:9:26. Clitellum on 20-3 30; saddle form, extend- ing ventrally nearly to 6. Tubercula pubertatis, lacking. First dorsal pore on 5/6. Spermiducal pores on 15; a little dorsad of b. Oviducal pores on 14; slightly dorsad of 6. Septa 6/7-14/15, slightly thickened. ‘‘Hearts’”’ in 7-11. Sperm sacs in 11 and 12. Spermathecae lacking. The description is taken from Ude’s paper which was based on a collection from Georgia. Specimens in the possession of the writer, which he assumes to belong to this species and which were collected in Florida by Mr. A. Hempel, agree very closely in most respects with Ude’s description. The length is greater, 6-10 cm., but the LZ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 52. specimens were anesthetized before killing. In some of the speci- mens, the anterior margin of the clitellum is on 21 while in others it is on 20. aa is approximately $bc., and ab is greater than cd. There are about 40 longitudinal partitions in the calciferous gland. HELODRILUS (BIMASTUS) GIESELERI var. HEMPELI Smith. Helodrilus (Bimastus) gieselert var. hempeli Smirn, 1915: 551. Length, 5-8 cm. Somites, usually 105-115 in complete specimens. Color, brown-red, distributed fairly uniformly on the dorsal half of the worm; the ventral half is without pigment. Posterior to the clitelum, aa:ab:be:ed:dd = 20:4:16:3:52, approximately. Clitellum, 22-29 or 430. Septa 6/7, 7/8, and 13/14, slightly thicker than others, none much thickened. Longitudinal partitions of the calciferous gland, about 40 in number. Sperm sacs and sperma- thecae, as in the typical form. These worms are ordinarily found under the bark of decaying logs or in the rotten wood. They are present in collections made in Florida (Monticello), Ohio, Illinois, Kansas, and Texas. A comparison of the above description with that of H. tumidus will show their great similarity in most respects. The only significant differences are in the number of somites, the intervals between the setae, and the shape of the body as shown in cross section. We do not know how many specimens Eisen had as a basis for his state- ments concerning the number of somites in H. tumidus; ‘‘circiter 40,” in the text; and 50, as given in the table. If there were several specimens, we can not safely assume that they were all mutilated and thus explain the presence of less than half the number of somites, normal to H. gieseleri and H. g. hempeli. The spacing of the setae in the setal bundles, ab and cd, is subject to much variation in the different bundles in the same worm, and it is quite possible to get formulae from adjacent somites that are materially different. Care is necessary to have the setal formula show average conditions. The specimen of H. tumidus shows almost exact equality between ab and cd, on the average. There is great uniformity in the relation of ab=about 4cd in all of the H. gieseleri and H. g. hempeli material examined by the writer. The tetragonal form of the body is very noticeable in H. tumidus, as stated by Eisen. It is no more notice- able in the other forms under discussion than in the average Lumbricidae. It seems more reasonable to assume that this differ- ence is due to structural conditions rather than to mere differences in methods of preservation. On the whole, it seems safer to await more complete knowledge of the earthworms of the region where H. tumidus was collected before uniting it with H. gieselert hempeli. If such union is found desirable, then H. gieseleri typica would reason- ably be treated as a variety of H. tumidus. * no. 2174. HARTH WORMS OF THE FAMILY LUMBRICIDAE—SMITH. 173 HELODRILUS (BIMASTUS) PARVUS (Eisen). Allolobophora parva E1sen, 1874a: 46. Allolobophora (Bimastus) parva MIcHAELSEN, 1900: 10, 14. Helodrilus (Bimastus) parvus MicHAELSEN, 1900a: 502. Length, 2.5-4 cm. Somites, 85-111. Color of antero-dorsal part, brown-red. Prostomium, epilobic 4-4. Setae closely paired; a little posterior to the clitellum, aa : ab : be : ed :dd=18 : 4:16:33: 48. Clitellum on 24-30. Indefinite ridges (tubercula pubertatis?) on 25-29, occasionally beginning on 26 or reaching 30. First dorsal pore on 5/6. Spermiducal pores on 15, between 6 and ec. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of 6. Septa 7/8 and 8/9, slightly thick- ened, others scarcely any. Longitudinal partitions of the calciferous gland,about 40innumber. Sperm sacs in 11 and12. Spermathecae lacking. H. parvus has been reported from New York, California, Louisiana, Mexico, and Guatemala in North America; and also from China, Japan, and Africa. New localities: Michigan and Kansas, HELODRILUS (BIMASTUS) BEDDARDI (Michaelsen). Allolobophora beddardi MicHAELSEN, 1894: 182. Allolobophora (Bimastus) beddardi MicHaELsEN, 1900: 10, 13. Helodrilus (Bimastus) beddardi MicHAELsEN, 1900a: 502. Length, 1.7-6.5 em. Somites, 66-97. Color, reddish antero-dor- sally. Prostomium, epilobic 3-3 Setae, closely paired; aa:ab :be: ed :dd=26 :4:20:3:80. Clitellum, usually on 24-31, but some- times begins on 25 and often invades 32. Tubercula pubertatis(?) are indefinite ridges on 24 or 25-30. First dorsal pore on 5/6. Sper- miducal pores on 15, between b and c. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of 6b. Septa, all very thin. Longitudinal partitions of cal- ciferous gland, about 40 in number. Sperm sacsin 11 and 12. Sper- mathecae are lacking. Specimens of H. beddardi in the writer’s collection were obtained from wet situations and in decaying logs, stumps, or moss. This species has been reported from Florida, California, and Washington and also from the Hawaiian Islands and Tibet. New localities: Michigan, [linois, and Montana. The close resemblance of H. parvus and H. beddardi is apparent from the foregoing descriptions, and Michaelsen (1910:64) has ex- pressed doubt of their real distinctness. A careful comparison of the material available to the writer has convinced him that the species are actually distinct. This material consists of specimens of JH. parvus from three States ranging from Michigan to California and of H. beddardi from four States ranging from Florida to Montana. In the latter species, the clitellum uniformly extends a little farther 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52. posteriad; although the length is somewhat greater, the number of somites is less; the setae are more closely paired in the latter species; and there seems to be a constant difference in the shape of the anterior ends. In H. beddardi, the anterior somites are comparatively little smaller than the others, and the prostomium is broad and blunt, which all tend to give the anterior end a comparatively broad and blunt appearance. In H. parvus, the anterior somites are decidedly more reduced in diameter, and the end seems considerably more pointed. As far as can be judged from my data, H. parvus is found in higher and drier situations than is H. beddardi. HELODRILUS (BIMASTUS) LONGICINCTUS Smith and Gittins. Helodrilus (Bimastus) longicinctus Smiru and Gittins, 1915: 548. Length of well extended specimens, 6.5-9 cm. Somites, 98-122. Color of antero-dorsal part, rose-red; other parts distinctly paler. Prostomium, epilobic 4-3. Setae, closely paired; aa: ab: be: ed: dd, =10: 1:74: 4: 30. This formula represents the approximate rela- tions both anterior and posterior to the clitellum, but some variations arefound. Clitellum on 23-32 or 24-33, and the ventral edges extend no farther ventrad than 6. Tubercula pubertatis are entirely lacking. First dorsal pore on 5/6. Spermiducal pores on 15, slightly dorsad of b and surrounded by a rather prominent glandular area which en- croaches on 16. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of 6. Septa 6/7 and 14/15, somewhat thickened; and 7/8-13/14, more strongly thickened. Longitudinal partitions of the calciferous gland, about 60 in number. Last hearts in 11 and much smaller than those of 10. Sperm sacs in 11 and 12. Spermathecae are lacking. H. longicinetus occurs abundantly in the soil of lawns, parkings, and near-by woodlands of Urbana, Illinois. This is the only locality from which it is thus far known. HELODRILUS WELCHI, new species. Length of alcoholic specimen, 13.5 cm. Diameter (maximum), .45 cm., at clitellum. Somites, 116. Color, no pigment except nar- row transverse bands of brown flecks in the zone of the setae on each of the somites 5-15. Prostomium, epilobic. Setae, closely paired; on somite 45, aa: ab: be: cd: dd=8: 1:6: 3:15. Clitellum, 325-35; pale flesh color. Tubercula pubertatis, lacking. First dorsal pore on 5/6. Spermiducal pores on 15, slightly dorsad of 6 and not con- spicuous. Septa 8/9-11/12, very strongly thickened; 6/7, 7/8, 12/13, and 13/14, less strongly thickened; and 14/15, scarcely thickened. Longitudinal partitions of the calciferous gland, about 40 in number. Last hearts, in 11 and about equal to those of 10. Sperm sacs in 11 and 12. Spermathecae, lacking. » no. 2174. EARTHWORMS OF THE FAMILY LUMBRICIDAE—SMITH. 175 One specimen, collected near Manhattan, Kansas, by Dr. P.S. Welch April 2, 1914. Holotype.—Cat. No. 16782, U.S.N.M. The specimen was received in living condition. In normal loco- motion it had a length, when extended, of 14 cm. Its diameter, anterior to the clitellum, was 0.5 cm. and posteriorly 0.4 cm. When strongly contracted the length was 8 cm. and the maximum diameter, 0.7 cm. The worm was very pale in color, in comparison with most species of Bumastus, and the posterior six somites were almost white from contained matter. The specimen was not at the height of sexual activity when killed, and the clitellum is not as strongly developed as it might be, but there is a considerable development on the ventral surface of 29-33. The oviducal pores have not been located, as the oviduct, which is very imperfectly developed, can be traced only to the wall and not through it. The gonads and their ducts have the ordinary locations and relations. This species closely resembles H. zeteki in size and the posterior position of the clitellum, but differs from it in several respects. The clitellum is two somites further anteriad and is developed on the ventral side of a part of its somites, which is not true of the latter species. The difference in the thickening of the septa is very marked. In H. zeteki, septum 14/15 is uniformly one of the two thickest septa of all; while in H. welcha, it is very thin. The septa of the latter species which are most strongly thickened, are in H. zeteki, only moderately thickened. The difference in the number of longitudinal partitions in the calciferous gland, of which there are 60-64 in Z. zeteki and in H. welcha but about 40, is too great to be a mere indi- vidual variation in the same species. Finally there is a marked dif- ference in coloration. H. welchi is a soil species and thus far is known only from the type locality. HELODRILUS (BIMASTUS) ZETEKI Smith and Gittins. Helodrilus (Bimastus) zeteki Suir and Girrins, 1915:545. Length, 10-14 cm. Maximum diameter, 0.5-0.65 cm, at the cli- tellum. Color of antero-dorsal part, purplish-brown. Somites, 100- 142; in complete specimens, the number usually exceeds 130. Pro- stomium, epilobic 4-}. Setae, closely paired; anterior to the clitellum, aa: ab: be: cd: dd=6:1:5:1:20; posterior to the clitellum, be is relatively somewhat greater and dd somewhat less. Clitellum on 27-37 and extends ventrad far enough to include the ventral setae on 30-36. Tubercula pubertatis are entirely lacking. First dorsal pore on 5/6. Spermiducal pores on 15, slightly dorsad of 6. Ovi- ducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of 6. Septa 6/7-12/13 are consid- 176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. erably thickened and 13/14 and 14/15 more strongly thickened. Lon- gitudinal partitions of calciferous gland, 60-64 in number. Sperm sacs in 11 and 12. Spermathecae are lacking. H. zeteki is found in the wood and under the bark of decaying logs and sometimes under the logs. It has been collected in considerable numbers in Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. HELODRILUS (BIMASTUS) TENUIS (Eisen). Allolobophora tenuis E1sENn, 1874a:44. Helodrilus (Bimastus) tenuis SmitH, 1914:364. Allolobophora constricta Rosa, 1884:38. Allolobophora (Bimastus) constricta MICcHAELSEN, 1900:8. Helodrilus (Bimastus) constrictus MICHAELSEN, 1900a:503. ? Allolobophora norvegica E1sEN, 1874:48. Length, 4-8 cm. Somites, 90-105. Color of antero-dorsal sur- face, rose-red; elsewhere pale. Prostomium, epilobic 3. Setae, widely paired; aa: ab: be: ed:dd=12:5:10:7:35 isan approximation to the relation at a short distance posterior to the clitellum. Clitellum on 26-31. Tubercula pubertatis, indistinct and often lacking; when present, usually on 29 and 30, occasionally invading 31. Ventral setae of 16, usually borne on broad glandular papillae. First dorsal pore on 5/6. Spermiducal pores on 15, between 6 and ¢ on prominent glandular elevations. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of 6. Septa but slightly thickened anywhere. Longitudinal partitions of calciferous gland, about 40 in number. Sperm sacs in 11 and 12. Spermathecae, lacking in the typical form; sometimes imperfectly developed. Three specimens of the original collection, on which Hisen’s descrip- tion of H. tenuis was based, were given by him to the United States National Museum; and one of these has been partially sectioned as a basis for the study of the internal anatomy and hence of the rela- tionships of the species. This specimen is strongly contracted and obviously has lost the posterior end. The length is but 2.2 cm. and the number of somites but 80. On somite 35, aa:ab:bc:ed:dd=7:3:6:4:15. The clitellum is on 26-31, but not strongly developed, and the specimen was appar- ently not at the height of sexual activity. Tubercula pubertatis are on 29 and 30 and include setae 6. Septa 7/8-9/10, 13/14, and 14/15 are very slightly thickened. Longitudinal partitions of the calcif- erous gland are about 40 in number, but can not be exactly enumer- ated in the longitudinal sections of one side. The “hearts” are in 7-11, the last pair being about as large as those of 10. There are paired sperm sacs in 11 and 12, and there are no traces of sperma- thecae. It is practically certain that this is the species which has been identified as H. constrictus in this country, and highly probable that it is the same as the H. constrictus of other regions. * no. 2174. HARTHWORMS OF THE FAMILY LUMBRICIDAE—SMITH. 177 The great majority of H. tenuis collections examined by the writer have contained only normal specimens; but four collections made in different localities have each contained in close association speci- mens without spermathecae and others with imperfectly developed spermathecae. The largest of these collections includes 30 or more specimens taken near Burt Lake, Cheboygan County, Michigan, in 1911, from an old manure heap composed of horse manure and saw- dust that had been used for bedding. Sections were made from 10 of these specimens. One shows no trace of spermathecae, two show parts of ducts but no sacs, and the others show from one to three sacs with ducis, but never four. They are all at 9/10 and 10/11 in line with setae c. Asmall collection is from a rotten log near Douglas Lake in the same county as above. Sections were made from three specimens. One has a definite duct without sac at 10/11 and no other traces, and the other two specimens show no traces of sperma- thecae. Two specimens were sectioned from a collection made in a rotten log at Macatawa, Allegan County, Michigan. One specimen shows no traces of spermathecae, and the other one has a sac and duct at 9/10 and a trace of a duct at 10/11 on one side and no traces on the other. A collection was made under a rotting straw stack near Fremont, Steuben County, Indiana, a few miles from the Michi- gan State line. Two of four specimens sectioned show no traces of spermathecae. Another one shows a sac and duct at 9/10 on one side. The fourth one has a small sac and duct at 10/11 on one side and no traces of others. The aberrant specimens are indistinguishable in other ways from the normal ones and presumably have come from the same parents or immediate ancestors. They are very similar to H. norvegicus of Europe, which Michaelsen has suggested may have arisen through retrogression from H. consirictus. I have hesitated to identify the iinerican specimens with H. norvegicus since they differ slightly, and I do not know that there is evidence of such close association between the two European forms. H. norvegicus is described by both Eisen (1874 : 48) and Michaelsen (1902 : 6) as having the clitellum on 26-32, and the tubercula pubertatis as commonly including 31. In the H. tenuis specimens with spermathecae which I have examined, the cli- tellum very uniformly extends only to the anterior edge of 32, and the tubercula pubertatis includes only 29 and 30. The only excep- tion is a Burt Lake specimen which has not been sectioned but which has the clitellum on 26-32 and the tubercula pubertatis of one side on 30 and 31. None of the H. tenuis material from the other parts of North America outside of Michigan and its immediate vicinity are known to develop any traces of spermathecae. All of the species of the subgenus Bimastus found in North America _ with the exception of H. tenuis are presumably indigenous and form | 65008°—Proc.N M.vol.52—17——12 178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. a quite homogeneous group. In addition to the characters mentioned in the definition, they all have closely paired setae, and no traces of spermathecae have been found in them. Since H. zeteki has the cli- tellum extending posteriad as far as 37, the anterior position can no longer be considered as characteristic of the subgenus. In view of the tendency of H. tenwis to develop spermathecae, it might simplify matters to place it in a subgenus, as Dendrobaena, which normally has spermathecae and leave H. oculatus in the subgenus Eophila, and thus have a much more homogeneous group in Bimastus. Michaelsen is certainly justified in considering the border line between Bimastus, Dendrobaena, and Eophila as one of the most puzzling problems in the system of Lumbricidae. H. tenuis is most commonly found in and under fallen timber and in leaf mold and has been reported as H. constrictus, from various places in Europe, Asia, and South America. In North America, it has been listed from Mexico, New York, Illinois, California, Canada, Vancouver, and Alaska. New localities: Maine, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Colorado, Wash- ington, and Bering Island. Genus OCTOLASIUM Orley, emended by Rosa. Prostomium, usually epilobic, occasionally tanylobic. Sperm sacs, four pairs in 9-12. Spermaries and spermiducal funnels, en- closed in paired sperm vesicles or in narrow chambers. Setae, usually widely paired or separate. Orley (1885 :13). Rosa (1893 : 424). OCTOLASIUM LACTEUM (Orley). Lumbricus terrestris var. lacteus ORLEY, 1881: 584. Octolasion lacteum ORLEY, 1885: 21. Octolasium lacteum MicHAELSEN, 1900a: 506. Allolobophora profuga Rosa, 1884: 47. Length, very variable, 5-16 cm. Somites, 100-165. Color of few anterior somites, pale pinkish; posterior end is pale; remainder of body except clitellum is blue-gray when the intestine contains the usual amount of earthy matter. Prostomium, usually epilobic 4-3; occasionally tanylobic. Setae anterior to the clitellum, definitely paired, and ab less than bc; posterior to the clitellum, the setae are scarcely paired, and ab is equal to or greater than bc; be is greater than cd, in general. Clitellum on 30-35. Tubercula puber- tatis on 31-34. First dorsal pore on 8/9, 9/10, or 10/11. Spermi- ducal pores on 15; nearer to ¢ than to b. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of 6. Spermathecal pores on 9/10 and 10/11, in line with cord. Septa 6/7-8/9, slightly thickened; and 9/10-13/14, still less thickened. The calciferous gland communicates at its anterior end with the esophagus in 10 and has about 45 longitudinal parti- tions. Spermaries and spermiducal funnels in 10 and 11, included + no. 2174. HARTHWORMS OF THE FAMILY LUMBRICIDAE—SMITH,. 179 in sperm vesicles. Sperm sacs in 9-12; those of 9 and 10 being quite different in form and appearance from those of 11 and 12 which resemble those commonly found in Lumbricidae. The sperm sacs of 9 and 10 are digitiform and have a definite lumen extending through the greater part of the length. O. lacteum is commonly found under logs, leaf mold, and débris of various kinds, and in compost heaps and to some extent in soil. It is widely distributed in Europe and in various parts of the world where Europeans have settled and has been reported from Illinois, California, and Mexico. New localities: Ohio, Indiana, and Colorado. Genus LUMBRICUS Linnaeus, emended by Eisen. Prostomium, tanylobic. Sperm sacs, three pairs; in 9, 11, and 12. Spermaries and spermiducal funnels, enclosed in an unpaired median chamber. Setae, closely paired, posteriad of the clitellum. Linnaeus (1758: 647). Eisen (1874: 45). LUMBRICUS RUBELLUS Hoffmeister. Lumbricus rubellus HorrMetster, 1843: 187. Length, 7-15 cm. Somites, 95-150. Color, reddish-brown or violet; more pronounced on antero-dorsal surface. Prostomium, tanylobic. Setae closely paired; aa: ab: be: cd: dd=5:1:5: 8:19. Chitellum on 27-82, exceptionally beginning on 26. Tubercula pub- ertatis on 28-31. First dorsal pore on 7/8. Spermiducal pores on 15 and inconspicuous; between 6 and c. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of 6. Spermathecal pores on 9/10 and 10/11, in line with cd. Septa 6/7-8/9, somewhat thickened; others but very little, except in parts adjacent to the attachments of the sperm sacs. Longitudinal partitions of the calciferous gland, about 60 in number. Sperm sacs in 9, 11, and 12. Spermathecae in 9 and 10, in the speci- mens examined. L. rubellus in the collections of the writer have mostly come from under débris along shores. The species is widely distributed in Eu- rope and Siberia; and in North America has been reported from Newfoundland, California, Oregon, and Washington. New locality: Michigan (Cheboygan and Gogebic Counties). LUMBRICUS CASTANEUS (Savigny). Enterion castaneum Saviany, 1826: 180, 181. Lumbricus castaneus Ducks, 1837: 17, 22. Lumbricus purpureus E1sen, 1871: 956. Length, 3-5 cm. Somites, about 90. Color dorsally, chestnut brown to brown violet. Prostomium, tanylobic. Setae, closely paired; aa:ab:bce:cd:dd=4:1:4:4:16. Clitellum on 28-33. Tuber- 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52. cula pubertatis on 29-32. First dorsal pore on 6/7. Spermiducal pores on 15; inconspicuous. Oviducal pores on 14; slightly dorsad of 6. Spermathecal pores on 9/10 and 10/11; in line with cd. Septa very thin, in the only specimen examined. Sperm sacs in 9, 11, and 12. Spermathecae in 9 and 10, in one specimen. H. castaneus has been reported from northern and middle Europe and from Canada and New York. LUMBRICUS TERRESTRIS Linnaeus, Miller. Lumbricus terrestris LINNAEUS, (part) 1758:647. Lumbricus terrestris O. F. MULLER, (part) 1774:24. Enterion herculeum SAVIGNY, 1826:180. Lumbricus herculeus Duaks, 1837:17, 21. Lumbricus agricola HorrMEIsTER, 1842:24. ?Lumbricus americanus PERRIER, 1872:44. Length, 10-30 cm. Somites, 110-180. Color, antero-dorsal sur- face brownish-violet. Prostomium, tanylobic. Setae, closely paired; posterior to the clitellum, aa:ab:be:ed:dd=4:1:34: 4:16. Cli- tellum on 32-37, sometimes beginning on 31. Tubercula pubertatis on 33-36. First dorsal pore on 7/8. Spermiducal pores on 15, between 6 and c. Oviducal pores on 14, slightly dorsad of 6. Sper- mathecal pores on 9/10 and 10/11, in line with cd. Septa 6/7—9/10, strongly and 10/11-14/15, moderately thickened. Longitudinal partitions of the calciferous gland, 70-75 in number. Sperm sacs in 9, 11, and 12. Spermathecae in 9 and 10. L. terrestris is widely distributed in Europe and has been reported in North America from Newfoundland, Massachusetts, [hnois, New York, and Mexico. New localities: Maine, Connecticut, Maryland, District of Col- umbia, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, Colorado, and California. LUMBRICUS FESTIVUS (Savigny). Length, 5.5-10 em. Somites, 100-120. Color, light red brown. Setae, closely paired. Clitellum on 34-39. Tubercula pubertatis on 35-38. First dorsal pore on 5/6. Spermiducal pores on 15, with elevated glandular area. L. festivus has been reported from Scotland, England, and France. It is also reported by Stafford (1902:483) as occurring in Canada. BIBLIOGRAPHY. CoaNETTI DE Marts, L. 1905. Res ligusticae XXXVI. Lombrichi liguri del Museo civico di Genova. Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, (3) 2:102-127. Duass, A. 1828. Recherches sur la circulation, la respiration et la reproduction des Anné- lides setigéres abranches. Ann. sci. nat., 15:284-336. 1837. Nouvelles observations sur la zoologie et l’anatomie des annélides setigéres abranches. Ann. sci. nat. [Zool.], (2) 8: 15-35. * no. 2174. EARTHWORMS OF THE FAMILY LUMBRICIDAE—SMITH. 181 EIsen, G. 1871. Bidrag till Skandinaviens Oligochaetfauna. Ofv. Vet. Akad. Forh., 27: 953-971. 1874. Om Skandinaviens Lumbricider. Ofv. Vet. Akad. Férh., 30:43-56. 1874a. Bidrag till Kinnedom om New Englands och Canadas Lumbricider. Ofv. Vet. Akad. Forh., 31:41-49. HorrMEIster, W. 1842. De vermibus quibusdam ad genus Lumbricoram pertinentibus. Diss. 28 pp. Berolini. 1843. Beitrag zur Kenntnisdeutscher Landanneliden. 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F. 1774, Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, etc., Historia. Vol.1. Part2. 72 pp. Havniz et Lipsiz. Ortey, L. 1881. A Magyarorsz4gi Oligochaetaik Faunaja.1.Terricolae. Math. term. Kézlem. Magyar Akad., 16:563-611. 1885. A palaearktibus 6vben é16 terrikoliknak revisidja és elteryedése. Ertek. term. Ké6r. Magyar Akad., 15:1-34. PERRIER, E. 1872. Recherches pour servir a l’histoire des Lombriciens terrestres. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 8:5-198. Rosa, D. 1884. I Lumbricidi del Piemonte. 54 pp. Torino. 1886. Note sui lombrici del Veneto. Atti R. Ist. Veneto, (6) 4:673-687 1887. La distribuzione verticale dei lombrichi sulle Alpi. Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Torino. 2. No. 31. 3 pp. 1893. Revisione dei Lumbricidi. Mem. Acad. Sci. Torino, (2) 43:397-476. Savieny, J. C. 1826. Analyse d’un Mémoire sur les Lombrics par Cuvier. Mem. Acad. Sci. Inst. France, 5:176-184. Suira, F. 1914. Additional Data on some of Eisen’s Species of Lumbricidae. Science, n.s., 39:364-365. 1915. Two New Varieties of Earthworms with a Key todescribed Species in IIli- nois. Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., 10:551-559. 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. Suiru, F. and Gittins, E. M. 1915. Two New Species of Lumbricidae from Illinois. Nat. Hist., 10:545-550. STAFFORD, J. 1902. Noteson Worms. Zool. Anz., 25:481-483. Une, H. 1885. Uber die Riickenporen der terricolen Oligochaeten, nebst Beitriigen zur Histologie des Leibesschlauches und zur Systematik der Lumbriciden. Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., 43:87-148. 1895. Beitrige zur Kenntnis der Enchytraeiden und Lumbriciden. wiss. Zool., 61:111-141. Vespovskry, F. 1884. System und Morphologie der Oligochaeten. 166 pp. Prag. Bull. Illinois State Lab. Zeitschr. THE BIRDS OF BAWEAN ISLAND, JAVA SEA. By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, Of the Biological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture. Bawean Island lies in the Java Sea, about 175 miles south of Borneo, and about 75 miles north of eastern Java. It is nearly square, some 11 miles long by 10 miles wide, and has an area of approximately 100 square miles. The surface is mountainous, and the highest point reaches an altitude of about 2,200 feet above sea level. The island is of volcanic origin and has still many volcanic cones and some hot springs. Its rocks are chiefly lava, basalt, and limestone; and exten- sive coral reefs fringe its coastal base. A lake of some 15 acres occu- pies the crater of Mount Telaga, an extinct volcano. The island supports a human population of about 50,000, mostly near the coast, and these inhabitants speak a peculiar language. Little of the virgin forest remains: the largest tract is on the northern slope of the mountains in the center of the island; another area lies on the western coast; and the rest comprises only a few small patches on the eastern and southern slopes of the mountains. Low brush and tall bamboos cover most of the remaining portions of the island. There are numerous cattle on Bawean, and their trails run everywhere through the scrub. Wild mammals, except for two or three species, chiefly pigs and flying foxes, are not numerous. Dr. W. L. Abbott visited Bawean Island from November 19 to 28, 1907, and made a collection of 35 specimens of birds, which he pre- sented to the United States National Museum. This collection, though small, is of much interest, since 7 of the 15 species represented prove to belong to undescribed forms, most of them, so far as known, confined to this island. Previous to Doctor Abbott’s visit, knowledge of the birds of Ba- wean Island came chiefly from a short article by Dr. A. G. Vorderman,! in which he records 18 species, mostly from specimens collected. Doctor Abbott found birds very scarce, but his collection adds 8 species to the list, making a total of 26 now known to inhabit this 1 Natuurk. Tijds. Nederlandsch-Indié, vol. 51, 1892, pp. 417-422. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 52—No. 2175. 183 * ay) 184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 52. island. These are as follows, those marked with an asterisk being ~ unrepresented in Doctor Abbott’s collection: hm SCO ON OTR WD ae wh . Fregata minor minor (Gmelin). . Bulorides javanicus javanicus (Horsfield).* . Ardea sumatrana Raffles.* . Spilornis bassus baweanus Oberholser.} . Gallus varius (Shaw). . Actitis hypoleuca (Linnaeus).* . Geopelia striata (Linnaeus).* . Chalcophaps indica (Linnaeus).* . Sptlopelia tigrina (Temminck). . Cuculus canorus telephonus Heine. . Eudynamys honorata (Linnaeus).* . Sauropatis chloris cyanescens Oberholser. . Ceyx rufidorsus innominatus Salvadori.* 14. 15. 16. ies 18. 19. 20. 21 22. Ze: 24. 25. 26. Strix baweana Oberholser.” Collocalia linchi linchi Horsfield and Moore.* Pycnonotus plumosus plumosus Blyth. Microtarsus chalcocephalus baweanus (Finsch). Microtarsus atriceps abbottt Oberholser.' Malococincla abbotti baweana Oberholser." Orthotomus cineraceus Blyth.* Gracula javensis baweana Oberholser.* Anthreptes malacensis baweanus Oberholser. Cinnyris ornata ornata Lesson. Dicaeum flammeum (Sparrman). Ploceus manyar (Horsfield).* Munia punctulata nisoria (Temminck).* As may be seen by examination of the above list of Bawean birds, the avifauna of this island is, on the whole, most closely allied to that of Java, but it has also a marked Bornean infusion. The only published papers of any consequence treating of the birds of Bawean Island are the two cited below, and the second of these mentions but a single species: VorpERMAN, A. G. Bijdrage tot de Kennis der Avifauna van het Eiland Bawean- Natuurk. Tijds. Nederlandsch-Indié, vol. 51 (ser. 8, vol. 12), 1892, pp. 417-422. Finscu, O. Zur Catalogisirung der Ornithologischen Abtheilung.—Brachypodius baweanus: Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 22, March, 1901, pp. 209-211. The writer is indebted to Doctor Abbott for the above given descrip- tive-facts concerning Bawean Island; and, as usual, to Dr. C. W. Richmond, assistant curator of the Department of Birds in the United States National Museum, for various courtesies. Measurements in this paper are all given in millimeters; and have been taken as in the author’s paper on Butorides virescens.2 The names of colors are from Mr. Ridgway’s recently published Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. Notes on Doctor Abbott’s specimens follow. 1 New subspecies, described beyond. 2 New species, see p. 190. 3 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 533. > No. 2175. THE BIRDS OF BAWEAN ISLAND—OBERHOLSER. 185 Family FREGATIDAE. FREGATA MINOR MINOR (Gmelin). [Pelecanus] minor GMELIN, Syst. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 572 (no locality; type locality designated as ‘‘the eastern half of the Indian Ocean,’’ by Rothschild, Novit. Zool., vol. 22, February, 1915, p. 145). One specimen: Adult male, No. 181398, U.S.N.M., November 21, 1907. “Iris brown; bill pale leaden; gular pouch brick red; feet dark brown.” It is in good adult plumage though molting some of the contour feathers, particularly on the cervix; and the wings and tail are intact. It measures: Total length (in flesh), 870 mm.; wing, 545; tail, 390; exposed culmen, 103; tarsus, 20.3; middle toe, 45. This example agrees, in so far as I can see, with the birds from the eastern Indian Ocean. The name for this race is, as Doctor Roth- schild has shown,’ Fregata minor minor, since the original Pelecanus minor * apphes pretty certainly to the East Indian bird; at least not to that of the West Indies as Mr. Mathews has contended.* Family BUTEONIDAE, SPILORNIS BASSUS BAWEANUS, new subspecies. 4 Subspecific characters.—Similar to Spilornis bassus bassus from Sumatra, but smaller, and darker both above and below. Description.—Type, adult female, No. 181446, U.S.N.M.; Bawean Island, Java Sea, November 25, 1907; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Pileum black, the feathers all with pure white bases which show through the black, particularly on the occiput, in the form of irregular spots; rest of upper surface clove brown, the feathers marginally rather lighter, the back sparingly sprinkled with small dots of dull white, the scapulars and feathers of rump and upper tail-coverts tipped with white; tail above with a broad basal band, extending about 80 mm. from the root of the feathers, clove brown, this suc- ceeded by another broad band, about 35 to 40 mm. wide, of brownish black, this followed in turn by a broad band, 35 mm. wide on outer pair of rectrices, 50 mm. wide on middle pair, of tilleul buff, partly paling to white on the inner webs of outer feathers, everywhere heavily mottled and clouded with grayish avellaneous, least so on the inner webs of outermost rectrices, this again succeeded by still another wide band of slightly brownish black, and finally tipped narrowly (8 to 8 mm.) with avellaneous; under surface of tail with a broad basal band of white, mottled with mouse gray, a narrower succeeding 1 Novit. Zool., vol. 22, February 12, 1915, pp. 145-146. 2 Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 572. 3 Austral Avian Record, vol. 2, December 19, 1914, p. 118; Birds Australia, vol. 4, pt. 3, June 23, 1915, pp. 240-281. 4 An earlier name for Falco bacha Daudin (Spilornis bacha Authors) is Falco bassus J. R. Forster (Natur- gesch. African. Vogel, 1798, p. 55); and this species should therefore stand as Spilornis bassus (Forster). See Richmond, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, 1902, p. 592. 186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. band of brownish black, another band of dull white clouded with mouse gray, still another of brownish black, and a relatively narrow paler tip of drab, between pale drab and avellaneous; primaries and secondaries brownish black, with two or three broad lighter bars, these dark brown, between olive brown and clove brown, on the outer webs, but changing partly or even largely to white mottled with the same brown on the inner side of the inner webs; tertials between olive brown and clove brown, more or less barred obscurely with a darker shade; all the wing-quills tipped with dull white; lesser wing-coverts brownish black, each feather with two white roundish terminal spots; median and greater coverts brown, between olive brown and clove brown, with obsolescent, in many cases broken, bars of darker, and two or more irregular terminal white markings on each feather, these spots varying much in size; lores and orbital ring naked, with but a few black hairs; supra-auricular region black like the crown; extreme anterior portion of chin and anterior end of malar stripe brownish black, the latter passing posteriorly into the blackish clove brown of cheeks and auricular region; rest of lower surface clove brown, lighter and shading toward olive brown on breast, sides of neck, and longest under tail-coverts, the chin, throat, and jugulum practically immaculate, with but an occasional small round- ish spot of white; the breast and abdomen thickly marked with large roundish spots of white, these usually 10 or 12 on each feather, and mostly in pairs; the thighs and crissum with large more or less quad- rangular pairs of white spots that almost coalesce into bars and occupy a relatively much larger portion of each feather than do the markings on the abdomen, thus producing a lighter general effect; axillars dark olive brown, with several pairs of large white spots; under wing-coverts varying from olive brown to brownish black, very heavily spotted and barred with white; ‘bill leaden, tip black.” This newly discovered race is apparently most closely allied to the Sumatran bird, which is true Spilornis bassus. The difference in size is chiefly in the bill, and otherwise is not very great, but the color characters separate it without difficulty. The Bawean bird is so much larger and darker than the Bornean Spilornis pallidus that it scareely needs comparison. The four birds obtained by Doctor Abbott are all adults in good plumage. Two of them, including the type, are in the regular brown phase of plumage; and the colors of the soft parts of the one other than the type, were, as indicated on the label: ‘Iris yellow; naked skin about eye yellow; feet dirty yellow.” The two other birds are in the curious light phase, known in only a few forms of the genus, but apparently a true color phase, as this condition is certainly not due to age, sex, or season. It is characterized by a white head and lower parts and is very strikingly different from the normal phase. It is described below: « NO. 2175. THE BIRDS OF BAWEHAN ISLAND—OBERHOLSER. 187 Adult male, No. 181444, U.S.N.M.; Bawean Island, Java Sea, November 27, 1907; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Pileum creamy white, the feathers of the central portion of crown and occiput with blackish brown subterminal bars, these broken or incomplete on the crown; cervix and rest of upper surface white with broad subterminal bars _ of fuscous black, fuscous, and light clove brown, these bars shading proximally into pale brown or buffy, very little of the light color showing on the upper surface posterior to the hind neck; tail basally pale clove brown, distally brownish black or blackish brown, crossed by two broad bars of mottled wood brown, shading in same places to avellaneous; wing-quills brown, varying from light to dark clove brown and fuscous, the greater portion of inner webs together with tips of all, white, barred throughout with blackish brown or brownish black; superior wing-coverts, their bases (except for brown bars) and their broad tips white, the lesser coverts more blackish; sides of head white, the auriculars much mixed with fuscous; sides of neck white, barred broadly with fuscous; lower surface white, posteriorly more or less washed with buffy, and with a slight malar streak of black, a few hastate markings of fuscous on breast, jugulum, and abdomen, rather broad irregular bars of warm fuscous on sides and flanks, narrow bars of same on thighs, and a few narrow more or less hastate pale brown bars on crissum; lining of wing white; “bill Jeaden, tip black; face yellow; iris pale greenish; feet brownish yellow.” The specimens collected by Doctor Abbott are all included in the following table of measurements: Measurements of specimens of Spilornis bassus baweanus. [Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott.] z é | § g - g - 3 5 g 3 | & : : Sex. Locality. Date. to 3 ie g a § malate dn re Z a4 Be aes vi Slela|e | sles = By ee ey lie esi! oe 181444 | Male....| Bawean Island.......... Nov. 27,1907 | 524] 328] 231 | 30.5] 24.8 | 72 35 181447 | Female..|....- GO n ate sehen esis Nov. 19,1907 | 510] 830] 208 | 32.5] 25.5] 76.5] 37 ASIAA GME O ee coc l te ac MO oes. eos os tons Nov. 25,1907 | 512{| 328] 213 | 32 27 72 33 HSI445 Noe GO ccece |e nce GOsAsw ase scene oe Nov. 27,1907 | 523] 328] 219 | 33 27.5 | 76 33.5 Family PHASIANIDAE. GALLUS VARIUS (Shaw). Phasianus varius SHaw, in Shaw and Nodder, Nat. Misc., vol. 10, October, 1798, text to pl. 353 (‘‘probably India’’; locality wrong: I substitute Java as the type locality). Two specimens: Adult male, No. 181412, U.S.N.M.; November 28, 1907. Total length (in flesh) 545 mm. “Tris yellow; a narrow yellow line on 1 Measured in the flesh by the collector. 2 Type. 188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. skin at front of neck, at upper edge of feathers; feet pale fleshy; front of tarsi and top of toes pale fleshy brown.”’ Nearly adult male, No. 181413, U.S.N.M.; November 20, 1907. Total length (in flesh) 593 mm. “Iris yellow brown; feet pale brownish fleshy.”’ Both these birds seem to be absolutely identical with examples from Java. They represent, therefore, a considerable northward extension of the range of the species. The immature specimen (No. 181413, U.S.N.M., Nov. 20) lacks but little of being adult, though the feathers of the lower parts are dull, some of them edged with rusty or pale brown; many of the wing-quills and superior coverts are barred with buff or tawny; the throat, sides, and top of the head are pretty well feathered; and the frontal comb is rudimentary. Some of the contour feathers are being replaced by molt. Family CLARAVIIDAE. SPILOPELIA TIGRINA (Temminck). Columba tigrina Temmincx, Hist. Nat. générale des Pigeons, vol. 1, 1808-1811, pl. 43 [p. 158] (Batavia, Java). Two specimens: Adult male, No. 181417, U.S.N.M.; November 19, 1907. Length (in flesh), 300 mm. Adult female, No. 181418, U.S.N.M.; November 19, 1907. Length (in flesh), 295 mm. Both are in good plumage, though showing slight indications of molt among some of the contour feathers, particularly about the head and neck. They seem, furthermore, to be identical in both size and color with birds from the Malay Peninsula. The genus Spilopelia,’ here used for this species, is well differen- tiated from Stigmatopelia ? by its longer tail, stouter bill and feet, and less tumid cere; and both Spilopelia and Stigmatopelia may readily be distinguished from Streptopelia (olim Turtur) by the peculiar bi- furcate feathers of the neck and by other characters. Family CUCULIDAE. CUCULUS CANORUS TELEPHONUS Heine. Cuculus telephonus Herne, Journ. fiir Ornith., for September, 1863 (probably December, 1863), p. 352 (Japan). One male, in immature plumage, No. 181464, U.S.N.M.; Bawean Island, November 21, 1907; ‘‘eyelids yellow; bill dark horn brown, greenish beneath at base; inside of mouth orange; feet yellow.” Length, 331 mm.* 1 Spilopelia Sundevall, Meth. Nat. Avium Disp. Tent., 1873, p. 100 (type, Columba chinensis Scopoli). 2 Stigmatopelia Sundevall, Meth. Nat. Avium Disp. Tent., 1873, p. 100 (type, Columba senegalensis Lin. naeus). 3 Measured in the flesh by the collector. 7 No.2175. THE BIRDS OF BAWEAN ISLAND—OBERHOLSER. 189 Family ALCEDINIDAE. SAUROPATIS CHLORIS CYANESCENS, new subspecies. Subspecific characters.—Similar to Sauropatis chloris chloris, but averaging smaller; male with upper surface rather more bluish, with less contrast between back and wings; ear-coverts more greenish; blackish nuchal band narrower, less distinct, and more overlaid by green; female with upper parts averaging darker; wings somewhat more bluish; ear-coverts more greenish; blackish nuchal band usu- ally more washed with greenish. Type-—Adult male, No. 170835, U.S.N.M.; Pulo Taya off the southeastern coast of Sumatra, July 28, 1899; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Measurements.—Thirteen males average as follows: Wing, 109.3 mm.; tail, 67.7; exposed culmen, 45.3; tarsus, 16.4. Geographical distribution —Sumatra, Borneo, and neighboring islands. The birds from Borneo, Sumatra, and many of their adjacent islands differ from other forms of the species, and are apparently worthy of subspecific separation. Three specimens from Bawean Island are the same, though averag- ing slightly larger. Two of these (Nos. 181494 and 181495, U.S.N.M., taken, Nov. 20, 1907) are in molt of the contour feathers, remiges, and rectrices. Measurements of all are as follows: Measurements of specimens of Sauropatis chloris cyanescens. [Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott.] FI 7 a 8 g -, g aq 3 3 Sex. Locality. Date. Ep © = 8s 3 3 Z A as en ie ne ce 2 A os ee 5 Dp a e a & x mm. mm. mm. | mm. mm. 181495 | Male....| Bawean Island........-... Nov. 20, 1907 254 | 111.3 71.5 42 16. PR(493) | Moemaleie|- 2.) -G0s- 2.2832. o ino soe a Nov. 19, 1907 262} 110.8 73 46.5 17 PR14G40 Ped oe ees foe eMOt en esa actol rasa Nov. 20, 1907 265] 114.5 69 48.3 17.3 This species is generically distinct from true Halcyon (type, Hal- cyon senegalensis) and should take the generic name Sauropatis Cabanis and Heine,? of which the type is Halcyon sanctus Vigors and Hors- field. 1 Measured in the flesh by the collector. 3 Mus. Hein., pt. 2, January, 1860, p. 158. 190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Family BUBONIDAE.' STRIX BAWEANA, new species. Specific characters —Resembling Strix orientalis seloputo Horsfield, from Java, but much smaller and paler throughout; white spots on upper surface much reduced, more roundish, and less inclined to form bars; dark brown bars on lower surface much narrower. Description.—Type, adult female, No. 181450, U.S.N.M.; Bawean Island, Java Sea, November 27, 1907; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Upper surface (in somewhat worn plumage) brown, between cinnamon brown and tawny, in places becoming more ochraceous, everywhere with roundish dots of dull white which on the nape and scapulars incline to irregular bars, the longer scapulars broadly barred with white and narrowly with clove brown and the brown of the upper sur- face; tail sepia, shading basally and on the inner webs of the feathers to cinnamon and cinnamon buff, barred with dull creamy white, broadly on inner webs, narrowly and irregularly on outer webs; primaries between clove brown and sepia, shading gradually on outer webs to cinnamon buff at the base, more or less sparingly spotted or barred on the outer vanes with creamy white, cream buff, and buff; broadly on inner vanes with various shades of lighter brown, tawny, ochraceous, and buff, the inner feathers tipped with whitish; secon- daries and tertials sepia, broadly, but in places brokenly, barred with dull brown (between buffy brown and olive brown), dull white, and various shades of ochraceous, buff, and tawny, and tipped with dull white; wing-coverts brown like the back, the lesser series sparingly spotted with whitish, the median and greater series on the outer webs broadly barred with white and narrowly with clove brown, on the inner webs broadly with buffy white, buff, and ochraceous; facial disks dull cream buff, unmarked; entire lower surface creamy white, much tinged in places by the buffy clay color of the bases of the feathers, which show through, particularly on the throat, where they form a conspicuous throat patch; all the lower parts, except the chin, conspicuously, and regularly though rather narrowly barred with clove brown, most broadly on the throat; thighs and tarsi dull white, much tinged in places with cinnamon buff, and narrowly barred throughout with clove brown; lining of wing mixed creamy white, buff, and ochraceous, spotted and more or less barred with dark rufescent 1The family name Bubonidae should be retained for the horned owls and their allies, notwithstanding that the generic name Strix has been transferred to one of the genera of this group; for rather than to take the oldest generic name in a family as the basis for the family name, it is much better for various reasons to adhere for the family designation to the type genus (i. e., the genus from which the family name was first formed) whatever may subsequently become its generic name. Thisisa course parallel to that pursued in the case of type species of genera; is much more logical; and will obviate much, in fact nearly all, of the confusion arising from the transfer of family names from one group to another. In the present instance Bubo is the type genus of the family Bubonidae. > no. 2175. THE BIRDS OF BAWEAN ISLAND—OBERHOLSER. 191 brown. Totallength (in flesh),! 412 mm.; wing, 297; tail, 158; ex- posed culmen,31; culmen without cere, 22.3; tarsus,55; middle toe, 30. Although this new bird, of which Doctor Abbott obtained unfortu- nately but a single specimen, is undoubtedly most closely allied to Strix orientalis Shaw (=Strix sinensis Latham), it is so different in coloration that it seems certainly to be specifically distinct. The dark barring of the lower surface is strikingly like that in Striz ocellata, but the upper parts are of course very different. The name Strix sinensis Latham,? used by some authors for Striz orventalis Shaw, is preoccupied by a previous Strix sinensis of the same author;* but Strix orientalis Shaw,‘ a new name for Strix sinensis Latham, is not invalidated by Strix orientalis Linnaeus® from Hassel- quist, since, according to the International Code of Nomenclature, the scientific names in Hasselquist’s Reise nach Palistina (1762) have no standing, because they occur in a mere translation of a pre-Linnaean work. The proper designation for the whole species is therefore Striz orientalis Shaw. Representatives of Strix orientalis from Java differ considerably from those inhabiting the Malay Peninsula (Striz orientalis orientalis), in their narrower dark barring below, particularly on the breast, and their much larger white markings on the upper parts. The name for the Javan race is Strix orientalis seloputo Horsfield.® Family PYCNONOTIDAE. PYCNONOTUS PLUMOSUS PLUMOSUS Blyth. Pycnonotus plumosus Biytu, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, pt. 2, December, 1845, p. 567. (Singapore, Singapore Island). Three specimens are in the collection, as follows: Adult male, No. 181542, U.S.N.M.; November 19, 1907. Length (in flesh), 200 mm. Adult female, No. 181540, U.S.N.M.; November 24, 1907. Juvenal female, No. 181541, U.S.N.M.; November 19, 1907. These are identical, so far as I can discover, with typical birds from the Malay Peninsula. One of the adults (No. 181542, U.S.N.M.) and the juvenile (No. 181541, U.S.N.M.) are in process of molt, though wings and tail are perfect. The juvenile plumage differs from that of the adult in being throughout, particularly on the rump, more brownish, the upper surface paler, and the lower parts more tinged with yellowish. 1 Measured by the collector. 2 Suppl. Indicis Ornith., 1801, p. xvi (China). 3 Latham, Index Ornith., vol. 1, 1790, p. 53. 4 Gen. Zool., vol. 7, pt. 1, 1809, p. 257 (China). 5 In Hasselquist, Reise Paliist., 1762, p. 290 (Egypt and Syria). 6 Strix Selo-puto Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. 13, pt. 1, May, 1821, p. 140 (Java). 192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 52. MICROTARSUS CHALCOCEPHALUS BAWEANUS (Finsch). Brachypodius baweanus Frxscu, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 22, March, 1901, p. 209 (Bawean Island). Eight specimens—three females and five males-—of this interesting bird were collected by Doctor Abbott. In pattern of coloration this species is practically identical with Microtarsus atriceps, but the olive and yellow colors of the latter are everywhere replaced by gray and white. In the females, as compared with the males, the upper surface is of a darker, duller gray; the gray of the inferior parts is somewhat darker, and the abdomen and crissum more washed with gray. One of the males (No. 181558, U.S.N.M.) has a streak of olive yellow on the outer web of one of the secondaries, one of the tertials, and one of the rectrices, which may be lingering indications of immaturity. Several of the secondaries of one of the females (No. 181551, U.S.N.M.) show the same thing. The labels state that in both males and females the iris is blue, the bill and feet black. Nearly all of our specimens exhibit evidences of molt among the contour feathers, particularly about the head and neck; but only one (No. 181557, U.S.N.M.) is changing either remiges or rectrices, and this one is molting both. Our series proves that Microtarsus baweanus is a subspecies of Microtarsus chalcocephalus of Java; for while the characters given by Finsch! to separate it from the latter will serve to diagnose it, indi- vidual variation practically bridges the difference between the two. Both the upper and lower parts, while normally much paler in Micro- tarsus baweanus, are in some of our specimens almost as dark as in Microtarsus chalcocephalus; the base of the tail, while almost white in some examples, is in others nearly as dark as in Microtarsus chal- cocephalus; the subterminal black band on the rectrices, though sometimes broken or even reduced to spots, is in other specimens as wide as in the Javan bird; and the terminal white bar on the tail shows also much variation in width. Measurements are as follows: 1 Notes Leyden Museum, vol. 22, 1901, p. 209. © no. 2175. THE BIRDS OF BAWEAN ISLAND—OBERHOLSER. 193 Measurements of specimens of Microtarsus chalcocephalus baweanus. [Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott.] J 5 : £ : 5 a 3 : Sex. Locality. Date. Yo 5 $s = § rc > s = a a 2 4 3 2h ; } 5 rd 2 Sua Mteeh Nea Oe Tils ania = a e B a = S| mm mm mm mm. mm mm 181552 | Male....| Bawean Island....| Nov. 22,1907 | 175 78.5 67 1253 14.8 1035 MSHS eed O-ceclsseecOOcce cc s-cccee |e eoee GOsc2. 5265] 81 78 67.5 14 15.5 11.5 TST UGGS 1 AC 0 Ko aera Paar GOtraseeesrosee| fees Ore eA aes Uaioe 80 67.5 12 15 il PSU557) |'55.-G0-2s-5|'s=<.2 Osis acesesectas| sss dosesias.)2 2169)! Uae arete csi cements 12 14.5 11.3 SIG DSM acd Osecec|eceetdOseccc cee tecccilesecs Ove aeiene 177 76 67 13 14.5 11.8 PAV ODA! OL DiI AOS Se reteset atalsya cee. ee nici cicierm arate: dots 175a5 78.1) 67.3 12:7 14.9 14.4 181551 | Female .| Bawean Island....| Nov. 19,1907 | 185 80 73 L245 15.5 11 SUBD SH eed Osesee| peta Ose aey aecereor Nov. 22,1907 | 173 Usd 69 3 15.3 11.8 HS LOoO| met: Osaces| =e AO se src claicieiere sila oe GOe cscs 172 74.5 66 12 14.8 11.5 PAtVeraceiOl; d1OMAlOSs 22 acc seic see acl eciseadaceee sci 176.7 77.3 69.3 12.5 15.2 11.4 MICROTARSUS ATRICEPS ABBOTTI,? new subspecies. Subspecific characters—Resembling Microtarsus atriceps atriceps * from the type region (Sumatra), but upper parts duller olive green, much less golden; lower surface paler, more greenish in tone. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 181549, U.S.N.M.; Bawean Island, Java Sea, November 22, 1907; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Top and sides of head, also chin and throat, brownish black, with a metallic green or purplish sheen; cervix, back, scapulars, and rump, yellowish olive green, becoming still more yellowish on the last, where also the feathers have partly concealed broad brownish black subterminal bars; upper tail-coverts pyrite yellow; tail light yellowish olive, the outer pair of rectrices dull grayish subterminally, all the rest broadly barred subterminally with brownish black, and all of them tipped broadly, the middle pair less so, with strontian yellow; wings fuscous, the lesser coverts, median coverts, outer webs of greater coverts, and outer webs of tertials, yellowish olive green, the greater coverts, ter- tials, and secondaries margined externally with pyrite yellow, and all the wing-quills more or less edged basally with brownish or yellowish white; breast yellowish warbler green; passing gradually into the lemon chrome of abdomen and crissum; sides and flanks like the last, but slightly washed with greenish; axillars strontian yellow; under wing-coverts pale primrose yellow; ‘‘iris blue; bill and feet black.” 1 Measured in the flesh by the collector. 2 Molting. 3 Named for Dr. W. L. Abbott. 4 The specific term of Microtarsus melanocepholos, which is the Lanius melanocephalos of Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 309, is preoccupied by Lanius melanocephalus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 301, a synonym of Pomatorhynchus senegalus Linnaeus. The next available name for the species is Turdus atriceps Temminck, Planches Coloriées d’Oiseaux, vol 2, livr. 25, August, 1822, pl. 147 and text (Sumatra and Java). 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17—13 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. This very distinct subspecies is the most greenish of all the forms of Microtarsus atriceps. It differs from Microtarsus atriceps chryso- phorus, of South Pagi Island, western Sumatra, as it does from Microtarsus atriceps atriceps, though even more markedly; and from Microtarsus atriceps hyperemnus' of Simalur Island, western Sumatra, in much the same way as well as additionally in much slenderer bill. Doctor Abbott obtained two adult specimens, male and female, in perfect plumage. The female is practically identical with the male. The measurements of both are given below: Measurements of specimens of Microtarsus atriceps abbottt. [Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott.] 8 , g 5 3 ot g a q 3 ‘ SJ Sex. Locality. Date. ¥p © © a g oO Ss Z = : % g 2 wa is a a 5 2 3 5 ° 5 & 5 a z & a a 5 mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. 181549 | Male. ...| Bawean Island 3...) Nov. 22, 1907 170 75 65 12 1553 11.5 181550 | Female..|...-.. COkS seer eecaeiesrere dovsec 222 180 80 68 12 14 11 Family TIMALIIDAE. MALACOCINCLA ABBOTTI BAWEANA, new subspecies. Subspecifie characters—Similar to Malacocincla abbotti biittikofert,* from Borneo, but upper parts paler, and, particularly, on tail and upper tail-coverts, even less rufescent; entire lower surface, especially the sides of breast and body, the flanks, and crissum, also lighter. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 181560, U.S.N.M.; Bawean Island, Java Sea, November 23, 1907; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Upper sur- face brownish olive, between Saccardo’s umber and light brownish olive, becoming somewhat darker on the pileum, where the feathers have pale buffy shaft streaks, and slightly more rufescent on the rump; upper tail-coverts cinnamon brown; rectrices between cinna- mon brown and mummy brown; primaries, secondaries, and primary coverts brown, between olive brown and fuscous, their outer webs, together with both webs of tertials, greater, median, and lesser wing- coverts, brown like the back; lores and superciliary stripe between mouse gray and deep mouse gray, mixed more or less with pale mouse gray; remainder of sides of head and neck buffy brown, the auriculars somewhat streaked with the brown of the back, and with narrow and inconspicuous shaft markings of pale buffy; chin and throat grayish 1 Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 60, No. 7, October 26, 1912, p. 10. 2 Measured in the flesh by the collector. 3 Type. 4 Malacocincla biittikoferi Finsch, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 22, March, 1901, p.218. This is evidently but a subspecies of Malacocincla abbotti. * no. 2175. THE BIRDS OF BAWEAN ISLAND—OBERHOLSER. 195 white, the latter buffy grayish on its sides; upper breast tilleul buff; lower breast cream color, deepening on abdomen into pale ochraceous buff; crissum clay color; sides of breast dull buff, between pinkish buff and vinaceous buff, shaded anteriorly with the brown of the back; sides of body and flanks light buffy brown between cinnamon buff and wood brown; thighs between wood brown and drab; lining of wings dull buff like the sides of the body, mixed somewhat with pale brown and whitish; inner margins of outer secondaries and inner primaries dull vinaceous buff. A second specimen obtained by Doctor Abbott is practically iden- tical with the type. Both birds show indications ot molt in wing- quills and contour feathers. The present species is clearly distinct enough structurally from the typical forms of the genus Turdinus to be pepubated generically. Measurements of specimens of Malacocincla abbotti baweana. (Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott.] we 2 qd oe oO 8 2 dj a a q eS Sex. Locality. Date. Sp 5 @ 's a oO » a @ 2 7 Zz Sel as a a fe wn £ A mi io g og 5 5 — 3 wm 3S Rs] P GB e a 8 = a mm. | mm. | mm. | mm. | mm. | mm. 181560 Male..-..) Bawean Island 2............. Nov. 23,1907 160 | 77 48.5} 18 27.8 Ui) STS HOM ea Oe- 3 eye oe GOW Se Ss oe ete eae eee Nov. 24, 1907 165 | 78.5 | 50 P75 2555) 16.3 Family GRACULIDAE. GRACULA JAVENSIS BAWEANA, new subspecies. Subspecijic characters.—Similar to Gracula javensis javensis, from Java, but bare occipital lappets wider and longer; and sides of crown more greenish. Description.—Type, adult female, No. 181501, U.S.N.M.; Bawean Island, Java Sea, November 23, 1907; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Middle of forehead, middle of crown, with cervix and back, metallic dusky dull violet No. 2; sides of forehead the same, but somewhat tinged with greenish; sides of crown and sides of occiput metallic greenish, be- tween dusky dull green and greenish slate black; rump and upper tail-coverts metallic dusky green; scapulars and tips of inner tertials metallic bluish slate black, in places with a tinge of the violet of the back; tail black, the outer rectrices somewhat brownish; wings black with a slight purplish or bluish sheen, some of the outer primaries a little brownish; a pure white speculum from 10 to 19 mm. in length occupies the entire width of the outer webs of the second to seventh 1 Measured in the flesh by the collector. 2 Type. 196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. quills; another area varying from 4 to 28 mm. in length, on the inner webs of the first to seventh quills, covers the entire width of the vanes except on the seventh, where it is reduced to a small roundish spot close to the shaft; the lesser wing-coverts and broad edgings of the median series, metallic dull blue-green black; very narrow tips and subterminal edgings of greater coverts metallic dull violet like the back, or metallic bluish slate black like the scapulars; sides of head black, with a slight metallic greenish tinge; chin and throat black with a slight gloss of metallic violet, shading posteriorly on the jugu- lum into a metallic bronzy lincoln green; this in turn passing into metallic dark livid purple on the breast; thighs and sides of body metallic dull blue-green black, in places mixed with dull violet; flanks, abdomen, and crissum, metallic blackish dusky yellowish green; lining of wings black, in some places rather brownish, and mostly with a slight violet sheen. Doctor Abbott obtained only two examples of this bird on Bawean Island, but these differ sufficiently from Javan birds to render their subspecific separation desirable. Their measurements are as follows: Measurements of specimens of Gracula javensis baweana. [Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott.] Locality. Date. Greatest length of lappet. Greatest width of lappet U.S.N.M. number. Total length.1 Exposed culmen. Height of bill at base. Middle toe. mm.| mm. |mm|)mm.|mm.| mm." 181502 | o | Bawean Island.......... Nov. 23,1907 | 323 | 174.5 | 85 |27 {17 8. 181501 Ol acme GOs eso eee ee | ieee doss2 1 320 | 170 84 24.5 115.2 36.5 Family NECTARINIIDAE. ANTHREPTES MALACENSIS BAWEANUS, new subspecies. Subspecitic characters.—Similar to Anthreptes malacensis malacensis, from the Malay Peninsula, but female more greenish (less grayish) above, the lower surface more richly and uniformly yellow, particu- larly on throat, abdomen, and crissum. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 181590, U.S.N.M.; Bawean Island, Java Sea, November 19, 1907; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Pileum, cervix, and back, shining metallic amethyst violet, the forehead in- clining to dark green; rump and upper tail-coverts shining metallic deep blue-violet; tail fuscous black, the middle pair of rectrices, and the outer webs of all the rest excepting the outermost pair, tinged 1 Measured in the flesh by the collector. 2 Type. » no. 2175. THE BIRDS OF BAWEAN ISLAND—OBERHOLSER. 197 with metallic greenish and margined externally with shining metallic deep blue-viclet; wings blackish fuscous (between fuscous and fuscous black), the inner margins basally paler, the wing-quills, greater cov- erts, and to a slight extent the primary coverts, margined externally with citrine; median coverts and longest scapulars chestnut; lesser coverts shining metallic blue-violet; sides of head between citrine and orange citrine; malar stripe, prolonged down the side of the neck, shining metallic violet ultramarine; sides of neck shining metallic dark green, mixed more or less with the amethyst violet of the back; chin and throat reddish brown, between kaiser brown and hazel; breast, sides, and upper abdomen lemon chrome, slightly inclining toward light cadmium, anteriorly somewhat tinged with brownish olive; lower abdomen and thighs picric yellow; lower tail-coverts pale lemon yellow; flanks, between lemon yellow and pyrite yellow, but much nearer the former, i. e., pale lemon yellow only washed with olivaceous; axillars picric yellow; under wing-coverts baryta yellow, mixed with whitish. The male of this new form, as is frequently the case in races of Anthreptes malacensis, is not with certainty distinguishable, though it seems to be more clearly yellow on the breast than is usual in exam- ples of Anthreptes malacensis malacensis. The female, however, shows differences, as above set forth, which apparently indicate subspecific distinction. Comparison has been made with series of specimens of all the forms of the species. Both of the individuals obtained by Doctor Abbott on Bawean Island are adults in perfect plumage, and their measurements are as follows: Measurements of specimens of Anthreptes malacensis baweanus. [Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott.] a o Ag a go. & ° . og on oO ac Sex. Locality. : ac i Se 3 fa a g ex ocality Date s% 2 3 é. 5 B 3 . » i 3 = Dba ee /E |e |es) a 1S mm.|mm.| mm. } mm. | mm.) mm. 181590 | Male....} Bawean Island 2............. Nov. 19, 1907 142 68 | 48.5 | 17.8 | 17.8 10.5 181591 | Female .|..... GOee eae esac menneee Nov. 25, 1907 130 33 | 41 15.2 | 16.5 10 CINNYRIS ORNATA ORNATAS Lesson. Cinnyris ornatus Lesson, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 50, 1827, p. 15 [Java]. One adult male, No. 181595, U.S.N.M., taken, November 22, 1907. Length (in flesh), 120 mm. It is apparently identical with birds from Java. Some of the con- tour feathers are in process of molt. 2 Measured in the flesh by the collector. 2T ype. ® Por the change of name of this species from Cinnyris pectoralis Horsfield to Cinnyris ornata Lesson, see Oberholser, Smiths. Mise. Coll., vol. 60, No. 7, October 26, 1912, p. 18. 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. ee eee — — — ———— SS Family DICAEIDZ. DICAEUM FLAMMEUM (Sparrman). ? Motacilla flammea SPARRMAN, Mus. Carlson., fase. 4, 1789, pl. 98 (Java). One specimen, No. 181587, U.S.N.M.; taken, November 22, 1907. Though marked ‘‘female,’”’ this bird is evidently a young male, since it is in transition from the juvenal plumage to that of the adult, and shows characteristic feathers of the male on head, back, and scapulars. As nearly as is possible to determine from such an example, it is identical with Javan birds. Tt can at least not be distinguished from a juvenal male from Java. FIELD NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA. By Henry Fox, Assistant Cereal and Forage Insect Investigations, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. INTRODUCTION. The notes here recorded cover the period between December, 1913, and the close of 1915. During this time the writer was officially stationed at the field laboratory of his division at Charlottesville, where during the season of 1914 an almost continuous record of the local Orthoptera was kept. At intervals of variable duration the writer was away on field work in other parts of the State, the more important trips being to Norfolk and to Monterey, approximately a month being spent at each place. In 1915 practically the entire season was spent at Tappahannock. At ail these places Orthoptera were studied as thoroughly as the time that could be spared for the purpose permitted. Fairly extensive collections were made at each of the localities mentioned. These along with smaller collections from a number of additional localities enable us to form at least a pre- liminary idea of the distribution of Orthoptera in relation to the different physiographic subdivisions of the State. These as usually given in standard geographic works are five in number. Beginning at the east is the Coastal Plain, locally known as ‘Tidewater Virginia.” This is limited on the west by the “fall line,’ beyond which the Piedmont region extends to the Blue Ridge which forms the third province. Then follows the Shenandoah or Valley of Virginia, the most fertile province of the State. West of this comes the succession of bold ridges and elevated intermontane valleys constituting the Appalachian Mountain province. In central and southern Virginia each of these provinces pre- sents certain peculiarities of physiography which apparently mark- edly influence the character of the respective floras and faunas. The greatest contrast is shown between the mountain section along the western border and the lower lands to the east. In the mountain section, as exemplified in Highland and Bath counties, we have the long, roughly parallel ridges and intermontane valleys typical of Appalachian country, with an elevation of from 1,500 to 4,500 feet. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 52—No. 2176. 199 200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Its fauna and flora are, on the whole, of a northern type, the dominant forms being those which are characteristic of southern New England or northern Pennsylvania. The Blue Ridge also shows some traces of northern influence, but its lower altitude (1,500-2,500 feet) and wide separation from the main Appalachian mass makes its fauna and flora less distinctive, many austral forms extending into it from the adjoinmg Piedmont. Observations in the Shenandoah Valley have been too meager to enable the writer to make any final asser- tions, but all signs indicate the transitional character of its biota. In the Piedmont region as shown at least in the latitude of Charlottes- ville two sections can be distinguished. That bordering the Blue Ridge, which we may speak of as the Upper Piedmont, is consider- ably more rugged and diversified than the section farther east, which is nearly flat or at most gently rolling. In general the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad between Gordonsville and Orange marks the boundary between these two sections. In the upper section the fauna and flora are predominantly austral in character, but there is also a considerable infusion of northern elements. The lower sec- tion has so far been but little studied by the writer, but the vegeta- tion at least shows an influx of certain Coastal Plain elements which apparently do not occur in the upper section. Thus in the region im- mediately east of Gordonsville occur such trees as sweet gum (Liqui- damber styraciflua) and willow oak (Quercus phellos) which do not appear to exist in the more rugged country about Charlottesville. Farther east the line of demarkation between the Piedmont and Coas- tal Plain is clearly indicated only along the large rivers where the usual falls occur, but elsewhere the transition from the one to the other is gradual. This is a decided contrast to the abrupt passage between the two in the Pennsylvania-New Jersey region where the fall-line marks a decided break in both topography and biota. In Virginia no such break occurs, the typical Coastal Plain elements spreading inland to a varying extent, some, such as the loblolly pme (Pinus taeda) and the holly (lex opaca) extending only a dozen or so miles west of the fall line, others, like the sweet gum and willow oak, to the western limit of the lower Piedmont, while such trees as the Spanish oak (Quercus falcata) and persimmon (Diospyros virgimana) spread clear across the entire Piedmont to the base of the Blue Ridge. In Virginia the Coastal Plain presents certain well-marked con- trasts to the same province as represented farther north in New Jersey. In general, it may be said that the soil, although prevailingly sandy, is of a decidedly finer texture than the New Jersey sands and is consequently more suitable for cultivation. In Virginia nothing comparable to the New Jersey pine barrens has so far been observed, the country on the whole having much the same appearance as the * No. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. 201 Delaware Valley district of that State. South of the James River the Coastal Plain, appears to be largely a flat, or at most, gently roll- ing, featureless expanse, but north of that river in the narrow penin- sulas between the estuaries of the York, Rappahannock, and Potomac rivers there is some quite rugged topography in places where the small streams have cut deep ravines in the upland. Bordering all the large rivers in the Coastal Plain are wide, level terraces marking an earlier stage of flood-plain deposition [Columbian formation]. The boundary between these “‘flats” and the higher imterior is formed by a well-defined line of bluffs. With regard to its Orthopteran fauna there appears to be in Vir- ginia two primary centers of dispersal, one of which is typically repre- sented by the Appalachian Province, the other by the Coastal Plain. The Appalachian Province is the center of an assemblage of decided northern affinities, certain members of which tend to spread eastward into the Piedmont region and, to a less degree, into the Coastal Plain. The latter province forms the center of a southern or Austral fauna, similar in its essential features to the Coastal? fauna of New Jersey, which in Virginia spreads in large measure over the entire Piedmont region and to a certain degree penctrates the Blue Ridge and lower mountain levels. Typical of the Appalachian Provinee, in Virginia appear to be the following: Orphulella speciosa. Melanoplus walshit. Chloealtis conspersa. Melanoplus femur-rubrum.3 Chorthippus curtipennis. Melanoplus confusus. Encoptolophus sordidus. Melanoplus luridus. Camnula pellucida. Melanoplus bivittatus. Pardalophora apiculata. Scudderia pistillata. Spharagemon saxatile. Amblycorypha rotundifolia. Dendrotettix australis. Neoconocephalus ensiger. Melanoplus celatus. Conocephalus brevipennis.* Melanoplus devius. Atlanticus davist. Melanoplus gracilis. Other forms occurring commonly in the mountains, but of approxi- mately equal frequency and uniformity throughout the State are Arphia sulphurea, Chortophaga viridifasciata, Spharagemon bolli, Dissostewra carolina, Scudderia texensis, Scudderia furcata, Orcheli- mum vulgare, Conocephalus fasciatus (apparently more uniformly 1See Stone, Plants of Southern New Jersey, Annual Report, N. J. State Museum, Trenton, N. J., 1910. 2 See Fox, Data on the Orthopteran Faunistics of Eastern Pennsylvania and Southern New Jersey, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1914, pp. 457-463. 3 Both M. femur-rubrum and C. brevipennis occur throughout the State, but in the writer’s experience they are much more abundant and generally distributed in the mountain section than in the Piedmont region and Coastal Plain where they are usually quite local in distribution, though quite common in favor- able situations. The writer wishes it understood that he does not mean to imply that the forms listed above are necessarily Appalachian in origin, merely that, as conditions are at present, the species have their stronghold in the region in question. 202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. distributed in the Coastal Plain), Conocephalus strictus (?) and Nemcbius fasciatus. Species having their stronghold in the Coastal Plain appear to be the following: Doru aculeatum. Stagmomantis carolina. Truxalis brevicornis. Mermeria intertexta. Syrbula admirabilis. Amblytropidia occidentalis. Orphulella pelidna. Orphulella olivacea. Clinocephalus elegans. Dichromor pha viridis. Arphia xanthoptera (?). Pardalophora phoenico ptera. Hippiscus rugosus. Psinidia fenestralis. Trimerotropis citrina. Trimerotropis maritima. Leptysma marginicollis. Schistocerca serialis. Schistocerca damnifica. Schistocerca alutacea. Schistocerca obscura. Melano plus scudderi. Melanoplus atlanis. Melanoplus keelert. Paroxya clavuliger. Scudderia cuneaia, Amblycorypha floridana carinata. Amblycorypha uhlert. Neoconocephalus exiliscanorus. Neoconocephalus lyristes. Neoconocephalus melanorhinus. Neoconocephalus robustus. Neoconocephalus palustris. Neoconocephalus retusus. Neoconocephalus triops. Orchelimum agile. Orchelimum glaberrimum. Orchelimum laticauda. Orchelimum concinnum. Orchelimum minor. Orchelimunr fidicinium. Orchelimum superbum. Conocephalus stictomerus. Conocephalus nigropleuroides. Conocephalus spartinae. Conocephalus saltans. Atlanticus americanus. Anurogryllus muticus. Anaxipha exigua. Apithes agitator. Orocharis saltator. At Charlottesville in the upper Piedmont country the following Appalachian forms have been taken: Orphulella speciosa. Pardalophora apiculata. Melanoplus femur-rubrum. Melanoplus confusus. Melanoplus luridus. Melanoplus bivittatus. Conocephalus brevipennis. At the same locality the following Austral types have been obtained. Syrbula admirabilis. Orphulella pelidna. Dichromor pha viridis. Arphia xanthoptera. Pardalophora phoenicoptera. Hippiscus rugosus. Schistocerca serialis. Schistocerca damnifica. Schistocerca alutacea. Melanoplus scudderi. Melanoplus atlanis. Paroxya clavuliger. Amblycorypha floridana carinata. Amblycorypha uhleri. Neoconocephalus robustus. Neoconocephalus retusus. Neoconocephalus triops. Orchelimum agile. Conocephalus saltans. Anurogryllus muticus. It is evident from these lists that the affinities of the Charlottesville region are fundamentally Austral, but that intermixed with the Aus- ' No. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. 903 tral types is a small number of Appalachian forms. Of the latter the only representatives that are at all common are spring or early sum- mer species, such as Melanoplus confusus and Pardalophora apiculata, or widely distributed forms, which, nevertheless appear to have their stronghold in the Appalachian region, such as Melanoplus femur- rubrum. The Blue Ridge has not been sufficiently studied to enable us to form an adequate idea of its Orthopteran fauna, but so far the follow- ing Appalachian species have been obtained at the two localities visited: Orphulella speciosa. Melanoplus confusus. Chloealtis conspersa. Melanoplus bivittatus. Pardalophora apiculata. Melanoplus luridus. Spharagemon saxatile. Amblycorypha rotundifolia. Melanoplus celatus. With these are associated the following Austral forms: Dichromor pha viridis. Melanoplus atlanis. Pardalophora phoenicoptera. Paroxya clavuliger. Hippiscus rugosus. The localities in the State where collections or observations were made include the following: COASTAL PLAIN. Norfolk, Portsmouth, Churchland, Gilmerton, and Deep Creek, Norfolk County, and Deanes, Nansemond County, August 8-10, Sep- tember 15 to October 8, 1914; April 17-19, May 31, July 11, 1915. Altitude 10 to 20 feet. Country a nearly flat plain intersected by numerous tidal inlets and “branches.” Soils prevailingly sands or sandy loams of fine texture. Virginia Beach, Princess Anne County, August 9, September 20, 1914. Altitude, 20 feet. A typical beach of coarse beach sand, back of which are low dunes bordered on the landward side by higher, roll- ing fixed dunes occupied by loblolly pine and other trees, these merg- ing into the ordinary inland region. Cape Henry, Princess Anne County, September 20, 27, 1914. Alti- tude, 50 feet. Region essentially like the preceding, but with higher sand dunes. Franklin, Southampton County, September 18, November 5, 1914. Altitude, about 60 feet. Topography flat to gently rolling. Soils sandy loams of fine texture. Tappahannock, Essex County, November 9-12, 1914; April 20 to May 4, May 26 to October 24,1915. Altitude, about 50 feet. Topog- raphy consisting of nearly flat plains bordering river (Columbia formation) and level to locally rugged uplands. Soils variable, but usually sandy and of fine texture, frequently silty; rarely coarse or gravelly. 204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. Center Cross, Essex County, August 18,1915. Altitude, about 100 feet. Topography level to gentlyrolling, similar to the upland country surrounding the preceding locality. Dunnsville, Essex County, April 24, August 18, October 3, 1915. Similar to the preceding. Ware’s Wharf, Essex County, October 3, 1915. Altitude, below 50 feet. Low, flat terrace lands bordering river. Mt. Landing, Essex County, April 28, 1915. Altitude, about 150 feet. Similar to region about Center Cross. Lloyds, Essex County, April 28, 1915. Altitude, about 150 feet. Similar to the preceding. Naylors, Richmond County, September 17, 1915. Low, sandy flats and marshes bordering river (Columbia formation). Sharps, Richmond County, November 13-14, 1914; May 4-26, June 21-23, October 13-15, 1915. Altitude from below 50 feet to about 150 feet. Broad, nearly level plain adjoining river (Columbia formation), with higher level to slightly rolling uplands, with occa- sional steep slopes close to streams, from 4 to 6 miles back from river. Soils fine-textured, varying from light sandy loams to stiff silty clays. Urbanna, Middlesex County, August 18, 1915. Altitude, about 100 feet. Level to slightly hilly upland. Soils fine sandy loams. Millenbeck, Lancaster County, August 8, September 27, 1915. Altitude below 50 feet. Sandy and marshy beach and flat sandy terrace-plains. Ottoman, Lancaster County, August 8, September 27, 1915. Alti- tude below 50 feet. Topography, flat. Soils fine sands to stiff silty clays. Irvington, Lancaster County, September 26,1915. Altitude below 50 feet. Topography, flat or very gently rolling. Soils fine sandy loams. Whitestone, Lancaster County, September 26, 1915. Altitude below 50 feet. Sandy beach and salt marshes along river; elevated level terrace elsewhere. Newtown, King and Queen County, August 17, 1915. Altitude about 150 feet. ‘Topography undulating. Soils mostly fine sandy loams.— PIEDMONT REGION. Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, September 5, 1915. Alti- tude, 150 to 200 feet. Topography rolling to hilly. Soils, so far as observed, sandy loams. Warrenton, Fauquier County, June 8, 1914. Altitude, 400 to 600 feet. Topography, gently rolling. Soils not studied, but apparently sandy loams predominate. 1 See Fredericksburg Folio, U. S. Geol. Survey. * No. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. 205 Louisa, Louisa County, October 26, 1914. Altitude, 500 feet. Topography, gently rolling. Soils consisting of sandy loams and stiff red clays. Bells Cross Roads, Louisa County, October 26, 1914. Altitude, 500 feet. Topography gently undulating, with moderately steep slopes near the streams. Soil mostly sandy loams with stiff, red clay subsoil. Republican Grove, Halifax County, November 2, 1914. Altitude, about 500 feet. Topography, flat to gently rolling. Soil, a sandy loam, underlaid by stiff, buff-colored subsoil. Charlottesville, Albemarle County, December 1, 1913, to August 14, 1914, September 9-14, October 9 to November 1, November 15, 1914, to April 15, 1915; October 27 to December 1, 1915. Altitude, 300 to 800 feet. Topography varied, but as a rule fairly rugged, with steep slopes near streams, but with more or less extensive level or slightly rolling interstream areas. Soils, sandy loams and stiff red clays. Carter’s Mountain, Albemarle County, February 22, October 31, 1915. Altitude, 800 to 1,300 feet, a prominent ridge of Catoctin schist, 2 miles southeast of Charlottesville. Soil a mellow, reddish clay (Porters clay). Crozet, Albemarle County, August 1, 1914. Altitude, 700 feet. Topography rolling. BLUE RIDGE. Rock Fish Gap, near Afton, Albemarle County, May 30, 1914. Altitude, about 2,000 feet. Topography steep and rugged. Soil, a mellow, brown loam, more or less stony. Jarman’s Gap, Albemarle County, 4 or 5 miles west of Crozet. July 30 to August 1, 1914. Altitude, 2,500 feet. Topography and soils similar to preceding. SHENANDOAH VALLEY. Front Royal, Warren County, June 9, 1914. Altitude, 500 to 600 feet. Surface, a gently rolling upland with steep slopes close to the streams. Woodstock, Shenandoah County, June 10, 1914. Altitude, 800 to 900 feet. Topography, gently rolling. Soil, a rich clay loam (Hagers- town series). Dale Enterprise, Rockingham County, June 11, 1914. Altitude, 1,300 to 1,400 feet. Topography, rolling to hilly. Soil, a rich, clay loam. Fishersville, Augusta County, June 12,1914. Altitude, 1,400 feet. Topography, rolling to hilly. Soil, a rich clay loam, stony on steeper slopes. 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. APPALACHIAN PROVINCE. Bells Valley, Rockbridge County, April 15, 1915. Altitude, 1,600 feet. Topography, rolling; a valley bordered on each side by high mountain ridges. Soil, a rich clay loam, more or less stony. Hot Springs, Bath County, September 5-7, 1914. Altitude, 2,300 to 3,500 feet. Topography of usual Appalachian type with rolling intermontane valley and steep mountain ridges. Soil, a clay loam, stony on mountains. Bolar, Highland County, August 15 to September 3, 1914. Alti- tude, 2,200 to 2,500 feet. Topography rugged; a narrow intermontane valley and steep mountain ridges, with rather wide alluvial flats along stream. Soils, loamy, stony on slopes. Trimble, Highland County, August 15 to September 2,1914. Alti- tude, 2,600 feet. Narrow stream valley with border meadows and steep mountain ridges. Soils, loamy. Meadowdale, Highland County, August 19, 1914. Altitude, 2,800 to 3,000 feet. A narrow intermontane valley, bordered by steep mountain ridges. Soils, mostly rich clay loams. Monterey, Highland County, August 15 to September 4, 1914. Altitude, 2,800 to 4,000 feet. Topography of typical Appalachian type consisting of intermontane valley bordered on each side by mountain ridges. Soil, a rich, mellow clay loam in valley; a thin, stiff rocky clay on steeper slopes. Sounding Knob, Highland County, September 1, 1914. Altitude, 4,500 feet. A prominent peak, 6 miles south of Monterey. SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES. Family FORFICULIDAE. DORU ACULEATUM (Scudder). Tappahannock, July 28 to September 10,11 males, 6females. Evi- dently frequent on tall reeds, Spartina cynosuroides, in tidal marshes, occasionally spreading to nearby timothy pastures (August 21, 1 male, 1 female). Active only at night. s Family BLATTIDAE. ISCHNOPTERA, species. A fair number of roaches of this genus were obtained at Charlottes- ville and Tappahannock. They are at present in the care of Mr. Morgan Hebard, who is engaged in a revision of the genus. CRYPTOCERCUS PUNCTULATUS Scudder. 1 Hot Springs, September 7, 1 male; Monterey, between August 20 and September 1, 1 male. 1T am indebted to Mr. Rehn for this determination. * No. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. 207 Family MANTIDAE. STAGMOMANTIS CAROLINA (Johannsen). Tappahannock, September 6 to 19, 3 males, 3 females; Naylors, September 17, 1 male. Apparently a denizen of marshes, showing a preference for areas of tall reeds, Spartina cynosuroides, but also occurring in grassy (Homalocenchrus oryzoides, Sagitterva, etc.) inland bogs and occasionally straying to thickets on the adjoming dry land. Family ACRIDIIDAE. Subfamily TETTIGINAE. ACRYDIUM (TETTIX) ARENOSUM ANGUSTUM (Hancock).! Tappahannock, April 22-30, 3 males, 4 females. Charlottesville, March 28, April 12-22, May 1, 25, 31, June 15, July 4, 1914. Locally frequent, showing a marked preference for patches of bare, damp earth, occurring in open woodland and in open, grassy pastures. Jarman’s Gap, August 1, 1914, 1 female. NEOTETTIX FEMORATUS (Scudder) [=N. bolivari Hancock].? Tappahannock, September 9, 1 male. Charlottesville, May 18, 1 male, June 27, 1 female, 28, 1 male, July 3-17, 1 male, 3 females. Occasional, prefering areas of damp or relatively firm ground, either bare or covered with short grasses, in pastures and stream bottoms. TETTIGIDEA LATERALIS (Say) Virginia Beach, September 20,1 female. Occasional in open grove of pine (P. taeda) and sweet gum on fixed dunes; Tappahannock, April 23, 1 female. Charlottesville, April 12, 17, 19, 22, May 19, 31, June 17, 20, 25, July 4, 8, 11,17, September 10, 1914. Common, but somewhat local, having the same general habitat preferences as the other tettigids, occurring in both woodland and campestral locations. Monterey, September 1,1914,1 male. (Dry, open woods on moun- tain slope.) Subfamily TRUXALINAE. TRUXALIS BREVICORNIS (Johannsen). Churchland, September 16, 2 males (in thick growth of goose grass, Eleusine indica in low, sandy field adjoining ‘‘branch’’). Tappahan- nock, August 2, 2 males, 1 female juv., August 10 1 female juv., 1 Typical specimens determined by Mr. Hebard. 2 Determinations by Mr. Hebard. i] 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voL. 52. | August 12, 1 male, August 13 to September 19. Frequent in tidal marshes, occurring especially in growths of Scirpus americanus and to a less extent in Spartina cynosuroides, also occurring in grassy inland bog and in vegetation bordering mill pond; Naylors, September 17, 2 females (occasional in Scirpus americanus patches of tidal marsh); Wares Wharf, October 3, 1 female (tidal marsh in zone occupied by Spartina cynosuroides and Baccharis halimifolia); Whitestone, Sept- tember 26, 2 males, 1 female (in patch of cat-tails). Fredericksburg, September 5, 1 female (low damp spot, corner of woods, in area occupied by ironweed, boneset, and associated vegetation). MERMIRIA INTERTEXTA Scudder.1 Portsmouth, October 3, 2 males, 1 female (in bunch grasses (Andro- pogon, Sorghastrum), of open oak and sweet gum scrub bordering tidal marshes); Millenbeck, August 8, September 27 (several in thick grass (Spartina patens) and bushes (Iva oraria), bordering patch of tall Spartina glabra on shore of estuary); Whitestone, September 26, 2 females (edge of salt marsh, in zone of Spartina glabra, Distichlis spicata, and Baccharis). SYRBULA ADMIRABILIS (Uhler). Norfolk, July 11, juv.; Churchland, August 8-9, adults and juv., September 15; July 11, 1915, juv. only; Deanes, September 26; Gil- merton, October 1, November 6; Deep Creek, October 1; Franklin, September 18, November 5; Tappahannock, June 4 to July 18, nymphs only; July 25 to August 2, adults and nymphs; August 13 to October 11; Wares Wharf, October 3, 1 female; Center Cross, Au- gust 18; Sharps, June 22, juv., October 13, 1 female; Urbanna, August 18; Ottoman, August 8, September 27; Irvington, September 26, 1 female; Newtown, August 17. Fredericksburg, September 5; Charlottesville, May 23 to July 22, nymphs only, July 31 to August 12, adults and nymphs, September 10 to October 16, 1914; October 30, 1915. A frequent and widely distributed species in old, neglected ‘fields and pastures, especially those overgrown with Andropogon and other coarse and dry grasses, less commonly found in open woodland scrub. Apparently of equal frequency throughout the Piedmont and Coastal Plain provinces. ERITETTIX SIMPLEX (Scudder) [=E. carinatus of authors]. Tappahannock, April 24-29, June 4-8, September 19 to October 11 (nymphs); Mount Landing, April 28; Lloyds, April 28; Dunnsville, 1 Determined by comparison with material in collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia. The species called vigilans in my paper on New Jersey Orthoptera (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 66, 1914, p. 487) is the same, pigilans now being recognized, according to Rehn (verbal communication) as a synonym of intertexta. “6 | * No. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. 209 April 24; Center Cross, August 18 (nymphs); Sharps, May 5-18, June 22; Ottoman, September 27 (nymphs); Irvington, September 26 (nymphs). Bells Cross Roads, October 26 (nymphs); Charlottesville, Decem- ber 5, 1913 (nymphs), March 23 to April 17 (M~ymphs), April 19-26 (adult males, nymphs), May 1 (adult male, female, and nymphs), May 9 to June 25, June 27-28 (adults and recently hatched young), July 3 to November 26, 1914 (nymphs), February 21 to April 4 (nymphs), April 6-8 (adult male, nymphs), October 27 to November 20, 1915 (nymphs). Bells Valley, April 15, 1915 (1 juv.). Frequent in old, neglected fields and pastures, especially those over run with Andropogon and other coarse grasses, in the Piedmont region and part of the Coastal Plain, but not yet taken in the southeastern portion of the State. Nothing definite can be said regarding its west- ward range in the State since collections from the Appalachian region are lacking for the season when the species is most common, except for the single immature example taken in Bells Valley as noted above. In Virginia this species occurs in two forms. One of these, repre- senting the typical race, is characterized by the possession of a pair of supplementary carmae on the disk of the pronotum between the median and lateral carinae, and by the presence of a pair of longitudi- nal black lines bordering the lateral carinae on their inner sides. The other or atypical race (see Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 62, 1911, pp. 626-627) lacks both of these features, but has instead a unicolorous pronotal disk and a broad bar of brown on the sides of the pronotum below the lateral carinae. Both forms are frequent at Charlottesville and in the Rappahannock River valley, the typical form being the more abundant, though the atypical form is by no means scarce. Both have the same habitat preferences and life histories, and are almost invariably associated with each other. Although typical examples of both races are common, the writer has never found any individuals bridging the gap between them. If such intergradations exist they are apparently very exceptional. AMBLYTROPIDIA OCCIDENTALIS (Saussure). Deanes, September 26, 1 male, 1 juv.; Gilmerton, November 7, 1 female. Known only from the extreme southeastern portion of the State, where it appears to be very scarce. Those taken by the writer were found in the low grassy undergrowth of open woodlands of oak, loblolly pine, and sweet gum. 65008°—Proc.N .M.vol.52—17 14 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. a ORPHULELLA SPECIOSA (Scudder). Charlottesville, July 1-31, 6 males, 9 females (infrequent, local). Jarman’s Gap, July 30, August 1, 3 males, 1 female. Monterey, August 17 to September 1 (common); Hot Springs, September 6-7 (occasional). This species was quite common in the drier, closely-grazed pastures and open mountain slopes about Monterey; at Hot Springs it ap- peared to be much less frequent, though more extended search might have shown it more abundant. At Charlottesville, it appeared to be rather scarce, occurring in noticeably smaller numbers than its con- gener, O. pelidna, with which it was usually found associated in dry upland and hillside pastures. ORPHULELLA PELIDNA (Burmeister). Norfolk, September 17, 1914, July 11, 1915; Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, August 8-9, September 15-16, November 4, 1914, July 11, 1915; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, October 1, Novem- ber 6; Deep Creek, October 1; Virginia Beach, August 9, September 20; Cape Henry, September 27; Franklin, September 18, November 5; Tappahannock, June 4-20 (nymphs), June 30-October 24; Center Cross, August 18; Urbanna, August 18; Naylors, September 17; Sharps, June 22 (adults and nymphs), October 13; Ottoman, August 8, September 27; Irvington, September 26; Newtown, August 17. Fredericksburg, September 5, Charlottesville, June 13-15 (nymphs) June 27 (1 male, nymphs), July 8 (6 males, 4 females, 1 juv.); July 11 to August 12, 1914. One of the most common and widely distributed species of the Coastal Plain, extending into the Piedmont as far, at least, as Char- lottesville, where it is rather frequent, although of somewhat local occurrence. Its usual preference is for open fields and pastures over- run with Andropogon and other dry grasses, but is also not uncommon in the grassy and herbaceous undergrowth of open woodlands and in the low grassy tracts adjoming tidal marshes. ORPHULELLA OLIVACEA Morse. Wares Wharf, October 3, 1 female (tidal marsh, zone of Spartina patens, Iva oraria, etc.), 1 male 1 female (marshy river shore, in Spar- tina glabra); Naylors, September 17, 1 female (tidal marsh, in Scirpus americanus); Millenbeck, August 8, September 27 (frequent in Spar- tina glabra and border fringe of S. patens on marshy shore of estuary) ; Whitestone, September 26 (common in salt marsh). This being a strictly maritime species is naturally confined to tide- water Virginia. It is evidently common in suitable situations in the lowest part of the Rappahannock River where the water has a fairly high salt content and where the typical salt marsh grass, Spartina * No. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. a glabra, is abundant, but farther up the basin, as in the vicinity of Tappahannock, where the water is only slightly brackish, and the tidal marshes occupied mostly by Scirpus americanus to the almost total exclusion of Spartina glabra, it apparently becomes quite scarce. CLINOCEPHALUS ELEGANS Morse. Norfolk, September 17, 1914, July 11, 1915 (nymphs); Ports- mouth, October 3; Cape Henry, September 20; Tappahannock, July 25 to October 11; Wares Wharf, October 3; Naylors, September 17; Sharps, October 13. This species, in spite of its usual occurrence within the range of tidal influence, is not a true maritime form. Its favorite haunts are the low damp or marshy tracts forming the border zones of tidal marshes where fresh water prevails, and where the species shows a marked preference for the somewhat restricted areas occupied by Distichlis spicata, but also occurs in somewhat smaller numbers in the more extensive areas of Scirpus americanus and Spartina patens and much less frequently in the tall reeds, Spartina cynosuroides. In true salt marsh—namely, that occupied by 9. glabra—it does not normally occur. Occasionally it is taken in inland localities; thus, at Tappahannock two adult females were observed in a grassy, fresh- water bog fully 4 miles from the river. The dominant growth in this bog consisted of Homalocenchrus oryzoides, with which were intermixed numerous plants of Sagittaria and Pontederia. DICHROMORPHA VIRIDIS (Scudder). Franklin, September 18 (very local, apparently not common); Tappahannock, June 30 (nymphs), July 18 to October 11 (of frequent occurrence, though somewhat sporadic); Naylors, September 17 (occasional); Sharps, October 13(apparently local); Irvington, Sep- tember 26, (1 female). Fredericksburg, September 5 (1 male); Charlottesville, June 25-28 (nymphs), July 3 (male, nymphs), July 8-22 (male, female, nymphs), July 27 to October 31, 1914 (frequent, but rather sporadic). Jarmans Gap, July 30 (several adults). This species appears to be very local in southeastern Virginia; in other portions of the Coastal Plain and Piedmont region visited by the writer it was of very regular though somewhat sporadic occur- rence. Its haunts in this region are somewhat varied, but are usually in damp spots or, if in dry situations, in places where excessive evap- oration is prevented by a tolerably thick cover of vegetation. As noted by Morse, it is intermediate in its habitats between campestral and sylvan types. In open country the writer has observed it in such situations as areas of tender grass in shallow gulleys; in damp depressions harboring such plants as Juncus effusus, alder bushes, a PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. ironweeds and their usual associates; in closely grazed grassy pas- tures on stiff soil; in dense clumps of Andropogon on dry, but compact soils; grassy meadows bordering streams; and grassy tracts bordering fresh and tidal marshes, but, in the case of the latter, it apparently never occurs in areas lying within the direct influence of the tides. In no case has the writer ever found this species associated with Clinoceph- alus in the Distichlis spicata areas, though occurring only a few yards away in the dark green, tender grasses and sedges occupying the ditches and other humid tracts of the adjoining forelands. In open woodland the species has been regularly taken in wet or damp grassy spots and not infrequently also in relatively dry, shrubby undergrowth. In general, the writer’s observations indicate that the young are largely, if not entirely, restricted to moist or somewhat damp situations, and that the adults tend to spread from these into the dryer locations. CHLOEALTIS CONSPERSA Harris. Jarmans Gap, August 1, 2-2 males, 6 females. Hot Springs, September 5-6, 2 males, 1 female; Bolar, September 3, 1 male, 1 female; Monterey, August 18-September 1 (sporadic, not infrequent). Observations so far made indicate that this species is confined to the mountainous regions of the State. All species were taken in situations typical of the species, namely, in open deciduous woodlands, where they occurred in grassy or shrubby undergrowth, in both moist and dry stations. One example from Bolar, however, was taken on a road crossing the wide, nearly level meadows of the Jackson River Valley. CHORTHIPPUS (=STENOBOTHRUS) CURTIPENNIS (Harris). Bolar, August 15, September 3; Meadowdale, August 19; Mon- terey, August 16 to September 1. The writer found this one of the commonest grasshoppers in the high, intermontane valleys of Highland County. It is evidently confined to the mountain districts. Its favorite haunts are the open moist depressions and ditches overgrown with dense, succulent grasses and other herbage (ironweed, boneset, joe-pye weed, Juncus effusus, smartweed); from these it spreads in considerable numbers to the neighboring meadows, pastures, and mountain slopes, but rarely, if ever, invades wooded tracts. Subfamily OEDIPODINAE. ARPHIA SULPHUREA (Fabricius). Churehland, July 11, 2 males; Franklin, September 18 (nymph); Tappahannock, April 25 (adult male, juv.), April 29 to July 25; Lloyds, April 28 (2 males, 1 juv.); Sharps, May 18-23, June 22. 1 Mr. Rehn informs me it has been taken at Arlington. » No. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FONX. Vile Charlottesville, March 23 to April 19 (nymphs), April 26 to May 3 (male, juv.), May 17 to July 3, September 10 to October 31, 1914 (nymphs), February 21, 1915 (nymphs). Rock Fish Pass (Afton), May 30; Jarmans Gap, July 30, 1 female, August 1, 1 male, 1 female. Woodstock, June 10; Fishersville, June 12. Monterey, August 22, 1 female. Occasional, or at most sporadically frequent, in Andropogon and other coarse grasses of dry, untilled areas in or near woodland, rarely in open pastures of tender grass. Apparently uniformly frequent throughout the State, the data on this point from the mountain sec- tion being, however, inconclusive as yet owing to the lateness of the season at which observations were made, when only the last few sur- vivors of this species were to be found. ARPHIA XANTHOPTERA (Burmeister). Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, September 15 to October 1, November 4; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, October 1, Novem- ber 6; Deep Creek, October 1; Virginia Beach, September 20; Franklin, September 18, November 5; Tappahannock, July 25 (juv.), August 2-21 (adult male and juv.), September 9 to October 11; Wares Wharf, October 3; Naylors, September 17. Fredericksburg, September 5; Charlottesville, June 25 to July 8 (juv.), July 31 to October 31, 1914. Monterey, August 31, 1 female; Trimble, September 2, 1 female; Hot Springs, September 6-7. Moderately frequent in most localities visited, but apparently quite scarce in Highland County, and even somewhat local in the Rappahannock River section of tidewater Virginia where it was not observed in a number of localities—a fact that indicates, as borne out by continuous observations at Charlottesville, Tappahannock, and Norfolk, the sporadic occurrence of the species in contrast to the general distribution of such common forms as Melanoplus atlanis, Orphulella pelidna, ete. In a general way azanthoptera shows greater latitude in its choice of habitats than sulphurea. Both are dry land forms and flourish only in untilled areas, but zanthoptera does not show any marked preferences for woodland associations, occurring as frequently in campestral stations asin sylvan. In open country it usually occurs in old waste fields and pastures overrun with coarse grasses and weeds, and the grassy tangles bordering cultivated fields; in wood- Jand surroundings it frequents the low, briery scrub and coarse herbage of clearings and borders. A ig: | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. CHORTOPHAGA VIRIDIFASCIATA (De Geer). Norfolk, September 17, 1914 (adults and juv.), April 19 (adults, male and female, frequent), July 11, 1915 (male, still soft); Church- land, August 8-9, September 15 to October 3, November 4 (nymphs), 1914, April 17 (1 female, 1 juv.), May 31 (1 female), 1915; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, November 6 (juv.); Virginia Beach, Sep- tember 20; Franklin, September 18 (adults and nymphs); Tappa- hannock, April 20 to July 1, July 18 to October 24 (adults and nymphs); Mount Landing, April 28; Lloyds, April 28; Dunnsville, April 24; Center Cross, August 18; Urbanna, August 18; Sharps, November 13 (nymphs), 1914, May 5-23, June 22, 1915; Ottoman, August 8; Irvington, September 26 (nymphs). Fredericksburg, September 5 (adults and nymphs); Warrenton, June 8; Bells Cross Roads, October 26 (adult male, nymphs); Repub- lican Grove, November 2; Charlottesville, December 5, 1913 (nymphs) ; March 23 to April 10 (nymphs), April 12 to May 9 (adults and nymphs), May 17 to June 20, June 25 to November 26 (adults and nymphs), 1914, February 15 to April 1 (nymphs); April 4-8 (adults, male and nymphs), October 27 to November 25 (adults and nymphs), 1915. Jarman’s Gap, July 30, August 1 (adults and nymphs); Rock Fish Pass (Afton), May 30. Front Royal, June 9; Woodstock, June 10; Dale Enterprise, June 11; Fishersville, June 12. Bells Valley, April 15 (adult males, and nymphs); Monterey, August 16 to September 1 (adults and nymphs); Meadowdale, August 19 (nymphs); Hot Springs, September 6-7 (nymphs). This is the most generally and uniformly distributed grasshopper of the State, so far as collections from the localities listed enable one to judge. In numerical strength its only superiors are the dominant species of Melanoplus, namely, M. atlanis in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont sections and M. femur-rubrum in the Appalachians. It occurs in a great variety of habitats, but shows a stronger predilec- tion for campestral stations than for sylvan surroundings. It is common in cultivated fields (wheat plats, clover, and timothy pas- tures, etc.) as well as old waste lots and pastures. The winter is passed in the nymph stage. At Charlottesville the earliest adult males were found April 4 (1915), the earliest females April 12 (1914). The eggs laid by the spring brood of adults begin to hatch toward the end of June (June 25, 1914) and adults of the second brood first appear by the middle (July 11, Norfolk) or end (July 20, Charlottesville) of July. Adults of this brood continue to develop during the remainder of the summer and early autumn, and survive until the beginning of winter. It is possible that the earliest maturing individuals of second generation may lay eggs from which hatch the smaller of the winter-surviving nymphs, but this point needs experi- mental verification before it can be accepted as a fact. _ = ip i ne el w NO. 2176, NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. 915 ENCOPTOLOPHUS SORDIDUS (Burmeister). Monterey, August 17 to September 1, 1914; Meadowdale, August 19, 1914; Hot Springs, September 7, 1914. One of the most abundant grasshoppers in the drier timothy and blue-grass pastures of the high, intermontane valleys and mountain slopes of Highland and Bath Counties. The writer has not taken it outside of the mountains, but Morse! records it from Roanoke and Rehn informs me that it occurs as far east as Fredericksburg. CAMNULA PELLUCIDA (Scudder). Monterey, 4,000 feet on Sounding Knob, September 1, 1 male. This is the first record of the occurrence of this common northern species south of northern Pennsylvania. The specimen was taken close to an open oak grove at the edge of a closely grazed sheep pasture.” PARDALOPHORA APICULATA (Harris).8 Charlottesville, March 23 (nymph), April 12 to April 19 (male adults and nymphs), April 22 to May 1 (male and female adults and nymphs), May 11 to June 28, July 14 to Novembér 26 (nymphs), 1914, February 22 to April 8 Nymphs), November 25 (nymph), 1915. Rock Fish Gap (Afton), May 30. Woodstock, June 10; Fishersville, June 12. Bells Valley, April 15, 1 male. Monterey, August 17 (1 nymph). Not infrequent at Charlottesville in old pastures and woodland clearings overrun with Andrepegon and the other dry herbage. It will doubtless prove to be of frequent occurrence in similar situations throughout the mountain and valley sections, but so far the data from these sections are incomplete. PARDALOPHORA PHOENICOPTERA (Burmeister). Tappahannock, June 4 to August 2 (adults), October 24 (nymphs) ; Dunnsville, April 24 (nymphs), Mount Landing, April 28 (nymphs) ; Lloyds, April 28 (nymphs); Sharps, May 15 (nymph), June 22. Charlottesville, December 5, 1913 (nymphs), March 23 to May 18 (nymphs), May 25 to June 2 (male adults, nymphs), June 4 to July 21, October 21 to October 31 (nymphs), 1914, February 22 to April 8 (nymphs), 1915. Jarman Gap, July 30, August 1, 1 male, 1 female. Occasional to frequent, but more or less sporadic, in Andropogon and other coarse grasses in old fields, pastures, and woodland clearings. 1 Publ. No. 18, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1904, p. 34. 2 Specific determination confirmed by Mr. Rehn. 3 = Hippiscus tuberculatus of most authors (see Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 62, 1910, p. 630, footnote). Both this and the next species have usually been included in the genus Hippiscus. 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. The eggs of this species hatch in early autumn; the young survive the winter and attain maturity late in the sprmg. Adults disappear by the end of July or the beginning of August. HIPPISCUS RUGOSUS (Scudder). Norfolk, September 17, 1914, July 11 (nymphs), 1915; Deanes, Sep- tember 26; Franklin, September 18; Tappahannock, July 18 (male adults and nymphs), July 25-October 9; Center Cross, August 18; Urbanna, August 18; Sharps, June 22, (nymphs); Ottoman, August 8, September 27; Irvington, September 26. Charlottesville, June 13 to July 3 (nymphs), July 8-17 (male adults, nymphs), July 20-31 (male and female adults and nymphs), August 11 to October 16, 1914, October 31, 1915. Jarman can J ae 30, 1 male. Bolar, September 3, 1 female; Hot Springs, September 6-7. Gonon, at least ioeall y,in te open, untilled grass lands, especi- ally those dominated by Andropogon and other coarse grasses, but not infrequent in such succulent grasses as timothy. Not observed in the higher Appalachian districts of Highland County, but rather frequent in a weedy field at Hot Springs. Its center of distribution appears to include the Coastal Plain and Piedmont region, but it spreads from there far up into the nearby mountain areas. SPHARAGEMON BOLLI (Scudder.) Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, August 8-9; Deanes, Sep- tember 26; Virginia Beach, September 20; Franklin, September 18; fliveab aracek. July 1 (nymphs), July 23 ys September 22; Irvington, September 26, 1 male. Caatloticsville, May 25 to June 20 (nymphs), June 28 (2 males, 1 female, nymphs), July 3 to October 10, 1914. Jarman Gap, July 30, August 1. Monterey, August 17-31; Hot Springs, September 5-6. Usually common in suitable stations in the mountains; apparently less frequent or more sporadic in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain sec- tions. Occurs normally in areas of coarse grass or scrub in or about wooded tracts. SPHARAGEMON SAXATILE PLANUM Morse. Jarman Gap, August 1. Monterey, August 17-22. Appears to be fairly common in suitable stations in the mountainous sections. At Jarman Gap it occurred in considerable numbers in a closely grazed grassy pasture on the summit of the ridge, while at Monterey it was common on the higher and steeper slopes, on cleared but untilled rocky ground close to the margin of the woods, frequent- ing bare, thinly grassed (Danthonia), or briery areas. In all places it was associated with the preceding species.’ 1 Mr. Rehn kindly verified my determination of this form. ~ No. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. Dae SPHARAGEMON CCLLARE WYOMINGIANUM (Thomas). Tappahannock, July 23, 1 female (wheat stubble field), July 25, 1 male. Small area of coarse sand bordering woods, vegetation open and scanty, consisting of short, coarse grasses and other dry herbage. Apparently very rare in tidewater Virginia. DISSOSTEIRA CAROLINA (Linnaeus). Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, August 8-9, September 15 to October 7; November 4, 1914, July 11, 1915; Deanes, September 26, Franklin, September 18, November 5; Tappahannock, November 9— 12, 1914, June 1 (nymphs), June 24 to October 24, 1915; Naylors, September 17; Sharps, October 13; Ottoman, August 8, September 27. Fredericksburg, September 5; Bells Cross Roads, October 26; Republican Grove, November 2; Charlottesville, June 13-15 (nymphs), June 17-25 (male adults, nymphs), June 26 to July 3 (male and female adults, nymphs), July 4 to October 31, 1914, October 27 to November 26, 1915. Jarman Gap, July 30, August 1. Monterey, August 16-31; Meadowdale, August 19; Trimble, Aug- ust 15; Bolar, August 15; Hot Springs, September 5-7. Common throughout, possibly rather more abundant in the moun- tain sections than in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont. Frequents bare or nearly bare areas of compact earth, occurring on highways, well-trodden paths, cultivated fields, and less frequently in dry grass- lands; avoids t» some extent areas of coarse or loose sand, apparently prefering silty, loamy, or clayey soils. PSINIDIA FENESTRALIS (Serville). Churchland, August 8, 1 male; Virginia Beach, August 9, Septem- ber 20; Cape Henry, September 27; Tappahannock, July 25 to Octo- ber 11; Naylors, September 17; Sharps, June 22 (nymphs), October 13; Millenbeck, August 8. Of regular occurrence on sand dunes of ocean beaches and the sandy beaches of tidal estuaries, usually associated in such situations with the sand bur, Cenchrus; occasionally found a short distance inland in sandy fields or on barren areas of coarse sand. TRIMEROTROPIS CITRINA Scudder. Churchland, August 8, September 15 to October 1, November 4-5, 1914, July 11 (male), 1915; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, Octo- ber 1; Deep Creek, October 1; Franklin, September 18, November 5; Tappahannock, August 25 (1 male); Wares’ wharf, October 3 (1 female); Sharps, November 14, 1914 (1 male, 1 female); Millenbeck, August 8 (1 male, 1 female), September 27 (1 male). 218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52, In the Rappahannock River section all specimens were found on the sandy beaches of broad, tidal estuaries, where this species is usually associated with Psinidia, and, like the latter, in areas char- acterized by the presence of sand bur, Cenchrus. In southeastern Virginia it appeared to be of frequent, though somewhat local, occurrence inland, inhabiting there open sandy fields and footpaths. Appears to avoid locations where there is any considerable cover of vegetation. TRIMEROTROPIS MARITIMA (Harris). Virginia Beach, August 9 (adults, nymphs), September 20; Cape Henry, September 20, 27; Naylors, September 17, 1 male; White- stone, September 26, 1 male, 1 female. Frequent on sand dunes of sea beaches, commonly associated with Ammophila arenaria; occasionally occurring on sandy shores of tidal estuaries. At Naylors the single specimen taken occurred in an area supporting Cenchrus. Subfamily ACRIDIINAE. LEPTYSMA MARGINICOLLIS (Serville). Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, November 4 (1 female); Deep Creek, October 1; Cape Henry, September 20, 27 (13 adults, 1 nymph); Tappahannock, April 24 (1 female in Andropogon), 25 (1 male in Andropogon), July 18 (1 male), August 2 (juv.), 12 (juv.), 13 (male adult, nymphs), 18-October 11; Naylors, September 17; Sharps, October 13; Millenbeck, September 27; Irvington, Septem- ber 26. ‘ Common locally in tidal marshes, where it occurs most frequently in the areas of Scirpus americanus, largely avoiding the true salt marsh grass, Spartina glabra; not uncommon in grassy or cattail bogs inland at the head of tidal streams or in the grassy thickets bor- dering sluggish streams (Deep Creek) not far from the coast. Occa- sionally spreading from the marshes to dry upland fields, where ex- amples have been taken in Andropogon. So far the species has been observed in the latter only in spring and late fall. It is evident from the records given that the adults or nymphs survive the winter. SCHISTOCERCA SERIALIS (Thunberg). [S. americana of authors]. Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, August 8-9 (adults, nymphs), September 15 (adults and nymphs), 16 to October 1, November 4, 1914, July 11 (1 male), 1915; Deanes, September 26 (adults, nymphs) ; Gilmerton, October 1, November 6; Deep Creek, October 1; Cape Henry, September 20; Franklin, September 18, November 5; Tappa- hannock, April 20-29, June 7 to July 1, July 23 (Nymphs), August 21 (adults, nymphs), September 9 to October 11; Naylors, September 17; Ottoman, September 27. ny No. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. 219 SeenON ape ee cre Tek eS ee Fredericksburg, September 5; Bells Cross Roads, October 26 (1 male); Republican Grove, November 2; Charlottesville, April 19 to June 15, June 16 to August 12 (adults, nymphs),’ September 10 to October 31, 1914, October 31, 1915. Dale Enterprise, June 11 (i female). Common in Coastal Plain localities and quite frequent, at least locally, in the Piedmont. Widely distributed in open country, but shows a marked preference for areas covered with tall herbage (wheat fields, timothy pastures, taller clumps of Andropogon, roadside thickets, ete.). SCHISTOCERCA DAMNIFICA (Sauss). Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, September 16, November 4, 1914, April 17, 1915; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, October 1, November 6; Virginia Beach, September 20; Frankln, September 18, November 5; Tappahannock, April 24 to July 18, September 9 (adults, nymphs), September 19 to October 24; Mount Landing, April 28; Lloyds, April 28; Sharps, May 18; Ottoman, September 27; Irvington, September 26. Charlottesville, April 2 to June 20, September 10-October 10, 1914; April 4-8, October 31, 1915. Frequent in Coastal Plain and Piedmont region, occurring chiefly in Andropogon and coarse herbage generally, usually in or near wooded areas. SCHISTOCERCA ALUTACEA (Harris) (Typical race). ? Portsmouth, October 3; Deanes, September 26; Naylors, Sep- tember 17. Only a few examples taken, apparently quite scarce. Mostly found in bushy thickets (Baccharis halimifolia, Ira oraria) and tall grasses in low grounds bordering tidal marshes; at Deanes’ taken in bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) scrub in low woods. SCHISTOCERCA ALUTACEA (rubiginosa phase). Churchland, September 23 (1 female); Tappahannock, July 25 (1 male), August 21 (1 female). Charlottesville, July 11 (1 male), July 14 (@ males) August 11 (1 male). Hot Springs, September 5 (1 male). Apparently quite scarce and local. Most examples were taken in areas of bunch grass (Audropogon) or in associated thickets. At Hot 1 Nymphs taken July 3 were reared to adults in confinement. 2 This is the phase with the continuous, median dorsal stripe. The unstriped, russet-brown form, known as rubiginosa, is regarded as only a color phase of alutacea by Rehn. On the beaches is a relatively large form closely resembling rubiginosa. Tn my article on New Jersey Ortheptera, p. 508, following a verbal suggestion by Rehn, I mentioned that the latter might be a unicolorous phase of S. obscura, but since the publication of that article Rehn has informed me that such is not the case, T shall accordingly refer to this form as a maritime race of alutacea. oy PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Springs it occurred in scrubby undergrowth of open oak-hickory- chestnut woods of steep mountain side. SCHISTOCERCA ALUTACEA (Maritime race). Virginia Beach, September 20; Cape Henry, September 20. In both localities the species was found in small numbers in wax- myrtle (Myrica) scrub on the sand dunes. SCHISTOCERCA OBSCURA (Fabricius). Churchland, September 15 (1 female), 23 (1 female), October 1 (1 female); Tappahannock, August 26 (1 female), September 6 (1 male), 13 (1 female), 26 (1 female), October 2 (1 male), 11 (1 female) ; Whitestone, September 26 (2 females). This striking species appears to occur most regularly in the reedy areas of tidal marshes, having been observed on Scirpus americanus, Spartina cynosuroides, and Typha (cat-tails); it also occurs in the dense herbage clothing the adjoining slopes of the dry land and doubt- less not infrequently wanders a considerable distance from water, specimens having been taken at Churchland in a thick growth of goose grass (Hleusine indica) on cultivated land and in roadside thickets. DENDROTETTIX AUSTRALIS (Morse).! Monterey (Sounding Knob), September 1, 1914, 1 female, 4,000 feet. The specimen was taken on stony ground in the shrubby under- erowth of low open woods on the mountain side. MELANOPLUS SCUDDERI (Uhler). Churchland, September 16, November 4; Deanes, September 26; Virginia Beach, September 20; Franklin, September 18; Tappahan- nock, August 21-October 24; Naylors, September 17; Sharps, October 13; Ottoman, September 27; Irvington, September 26. Louisa, October 26; Republican Grove, November 2; Charlottes- ville, December 5, 1913 (2 males, 1 female), September 10 to October 31, 1914, October 27 to November 20, 1915. Frequent in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain localities. Occurs typically in dry, grassy tangles and undergrowth in or close to wooded areas, occasionally spreading to open, grassy and weedy fields. MELANOPLUS CELATUS Morse.? Jarman Gap, July 30, 1 female. Monterey, August 20-30; Hot Springs, September 6-7. 1 Podisma australis Morse. Mr. Rehn assures me that the species is actually a Dendtrotettiz, a view in which, I understand, Morse now concurs. My specimen was carefully compared with Morse’s type by Mr. Hebard, who informed me there was practically no question ofits being the same species. 2T am indebted to Morgan Hebard for the specific determination. He informs me the specimens are not entirely typical, the cerci being ‘‘ very broad distad.” ' No. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. DOL Evidently confined to the mountain sections. As noted by Morse it is a sylvan species. It appears to be very sporadic in distribution; in restricted areas it may occur in considerable numbers, as in two or three spots near Monterey, but in most places it 1s lacking or very scarce. All specimens were taken in or close to open, deciduous woods on mountain slopes, in grassy (Danthonia sp. undet.) or shrubby (ferns, oak saplings, etc.) undergrowth. MELANOPLUS DEVIUS Morse.! Bolar, September 3, 1 male, 1 female. Taken in grassy undergrowth of an open grove of sugar maple on level tract bordering a mountain stream. MELANOPLUS GRACILIS (Bruner).? Monterey, August 22. Found in fair numbers in an open marsh overgrown with rank herbage (iron-weed, Eupatorium purpureum, sneezeweed (Helenum, species ?), monkshood (Aconitum), sedges (Carex), painted cup, etc.) on the outer edge of the timothy meadows bordering the stream draining the intermontane valley. MELANOPLUS WALSHII Scudder.’ Monterey, August 23, 1 male; Hot Springs, September 6. Frequent locally at Hot Springs in the grassy and shrubby under- growth (blueberries, bracken, etc.) of dry, open deciduous woods on higher slopes of mountain ridges. Apparently rare in similar situa- tions at Monterey. MELANOPLUS ATLANIS (Riley). Churchland, August 8-9, September 15—-October 6, November 4-6, 1914, May 31 (male and female adults, nymphs), July 11, 1915; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, October 1, November 6; Deep Creek, October 1; Franklin, September 18, November 5; Tappahan- nock, November 12, 1914, June 1 to October 24, 1915; Wares Wharf, October 3; Sharps, November 13, 1914, June 22, October 13, 1915; Urbanna, August 18; Ottoman, September 27; Irvington, Septem- ber 26. Fredtricksburg, September 3; Warrenton, June 8; Bells Cross Roads, October 26; Republican Grove, November 2; Charlottesville, December 5, 1913 (5 males, 3 females), June 2-November 26, 1914, October 27-November 25, 1915. Jarman Gap, July 30, August 1. Front Royal, June 9; Woodstock, June 10; Fishersville, June 12. Monterey, August 18, 1 male; Hot Springs, September 6, 1 male. 1 Determination by Morgan Hebard. 2 Determination confirmed by Rehn and Hebard. 3 = M. amplectens Scudder= M. blatchleyi Scudder. 222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. Abundant, the dominant grasshopper east of the mountains, but apparently quite scarce in the higher Appalachians. Occurs nearly everywhere in open country, but shows a strong tendency to congre- gate in farm lands on sandy soils, where it frequently swarms in the grassy fields, fence borders, old stubble fields, timothy and clover pastures, and areas of crab and Bermuda grasses. In the Andropogon areas of old neglected fields and pastures it also occurs, but usually in much smaller numbers than in the tenderer grasses of the culti- vated districts. Observations at Charlottesville and Tappahannock indicate the occurrence of two breeds of this species during a single season. From the spring brood of nymphs, adults appear about June 1 and continue in large number until the middle or end of July, when a decided de- cline in numbers takes place. About the middle of August an increase is noticeable. That a new generation is maturing at this time is in- dicated by the finding of soft bodied adults which had evidently just completed the final molt. These adults continue to increase and in early autumn they are even more abundant than in early summer. Mating was observed as late as early October. It is doubtless this second brood of adults that lays the eggs tiding the species over winter. MELANOPLUS FEMUR-RUBRUM (De Geer). Norfolk, September 17; Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, September 15, November 4; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, October 1; Deep Creek, October 1; Virginia Beach, September 20; Cape Henry, September 20, 27; Franklin, September 18, November 5; Tappahannock, August 21 to October 11; Wares Wharf, October 3; Naylors, September 17; Sharps, October 13; Millenbeck, Sep- tember 27; Ottoman, September 27. Fredericksburg, September 5; Louisa, October 26; Charlottes- ville, December 5, 1913 (1 male, 5 females), September 10 to Octo- ber 31, 1914, October 31 to November 25, 1915. Monterey, August 16 to September 1; Meadowdale, August 19; Trimble, August 15, September 2; Bolar, August 15, September 3; Hot Springs, September 5-7. The dominant grasshopper of the Appalachian province, abbunding everywhere in the timothy and bluegrass pastures of the intermon- tane valleys and on the open, grassy slopes of the mountains, less frequent in open woodland or clearings. In the Piedmont region and Coastal Plain this species is much less conspicuous than atlanis and is largely limited to more humid situations, such as marsh borders, drainage ditches, gulleys, open ‘‘branches,’”’ and other places where the vegetation is of a moisture-loving type. It is evidently more exacting than atlantis in its moisture requirements. + NO. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. 25 MELANOPLUS CONFUSUS (Scudder) [= J. minor of authors]. Tappahannock, May 25 (1 female), June 8 (2 males 1 female) (rare or very local). Charlottesville, May 18-23 (male), May 25 to July 21 (abundant, somewhat local). Rock Fish Gap (Afton), May 30, (abundant), Jarman Gap, August 1 (abundant). Monterey, August 17, 31 (occasional). At Charlottesville this was the dominant grasshopper during late May and early June, although rather strictly limited to the higher, drier areas and not occurring in any considerable numbers on farm lands. Its choice appears to be for old upland fields and pastures overrun with coarse grasses (Andropogon, Danthonia, etc.). MELANOPLUS LURIDUS (Dodge). Charlottesville, June 20 to July 14 (nymphs probably this species), September 15 to October 10, 1914, October 31, 1915 (local, apparently not common). Jarman Gap, July 30, August 1, (local, moderately frequent). Monterey, August 17 to September 1; Hot Springs, September 5-6. The stronghold of this species appears to be in the Appalachian region, where it was found in abundance along the margins of the woods and in clearings on the mountain slopes. It is a typical sylvan species, frequenting the grassy and shrubby undergrowth of dry woodlands... MELANOPLUS KEELERI (Thomas). Portsmouth, October 3; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, Octo- ber 1, November 1; Deep Creek, October 1; Virginia Beach, Sep- tember 20; Cape Henry, September 20, 27; Tappahannock, Sep- tember 9 (2 males), 19 (3 males); Irvington, September 26, (1 male). This is probably a geographic race of the preceding species. It appears to be rather sporadic in its distribution; usually it is scarce or, at most, moderately frequent, but at Virginia Beach and Cape Henry it was found to be fairly common. In its habitat preferences it resembles luridus, occurring typically in the grasses and low shrub- bery of dry, open woodland. MELANOPLUS BIVITATTUS (Say). Jarman Gap, July 30, (1 male). This specimen had the bright yellow tibiae of the typical form. MELANOPLUS BIVITTATUS FEMORATUS (Burmeister). Tappahannock, June 7 (juv.), 17-September 12, Newtown, August 17 (1 female); Irvington, September 26 (1 female). Charlottesville, June 13 to July 31. Jarman Gap, August 1. Monterey, August 22. 294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Locally frequent, especially in low, moist places overgrown with dense grassy tangles and other herbage; less frequent in timothy pas- tures and in mixed thickets of brambles and Andrepogon. The species is best represented in midsummer and becomes scarce toward fall, when usually only females are encountered. PAROXYA CLAVULIGER (Serville).1 Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, August 8-9, November 4; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, October 1; Cape Henry, Sep- tember 20; Franklin, September 18, November 5; Tappahannock, July 18 to October 24; Naylors, September 17; Sharps, October 13; Ottoman, August 8; Irvington, September 26. Charlottesville, July 11 (adults and nymphs), July 28, August 11. Jarman Gap, August 1, (3 males, 1 female, 1 nymph). Abundant in the tidal marshes of the Coastal Plain, frequenting the dense growths of Scirpus americanus and Spartina cynosuroides, but not present in true salt marsh dominated by Spartina glabra. It also occurs inland in bogs and wet meadows overgrown with cat-tails, dense grasses, and other rank herbage. At Jarman Gap in the Blue Ridge the species was found in a small boggy spot near the head of a stream quite close to the summit. Family TETTIGONIIDAE. SCUDDERIA TEXENSIS Saussure and Pictet. Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, September 15? Tappahan- nock, July 25 to October 11; Sharps, October 3. Charlottesville, July 17. Bolar, September 3. Not very evenly distributed; frequent in some places, scarce in others. Prefers areas of tall grasses (Andropogen) and bushes in open fields, pastures, and meadows; also noticed on tall reeds (Spar- tina cynosuroides) in tidal marshes. SCUDDERIA PISTILLATA Brunner. Monterey, August 22 (1 male, 1 female); Bolar, September 3 (1 male) At Monterey the species was found in briers and low shrubbery on dry, stony mountain slopes close to the woods covering the summit, where it was associated with S. furcata; at Bolar in the tall herbage of ~ an old meadow in the intermontane valley. This is, I believe, the most southern authentic record of this species. — 1=P., floridiana (Thomas) of authors, which Rehn and Hebard inform me is asynonym of clavuliger. 2 Determination confirmed by Rehn and Hebard, who examined my specimens. | ~« NO. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOVX. 225 SCUDDERIA CURVICAUDA (De Geer). Tappahannock, July 9 (1 male). Charlottesville, July 13-14 (1 male, 1 female). The few examples taken were obtained in bushes and _briery thickets in the vicinity of woodland. SCUDDERIA FURCATA Brunner. Churchland, September 15; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, October 1; Deep Creek, October 1; Virginia Beach, September 20; Franklin, September 18; Tappahannock, September 9 to October 24; Sharps, October 13; Irvington, September 26. Charlottesville, October 10, 1914; October 31, 1915. Jarman Gap, July 30 (nymph). Monterey, August 20-31; Hot Springs, September 6. The most abundant representative of the genus, common and evenly distributed throughout, but largely restricted to sylvan sta- tions, occurring in trees, bushes, and tall grasses in or close to wood- land. SCUDDERIA CUNEATA Morse. Norfolk region, exact locality not specified, September 18 to Octo- ber 1(2 males); Tappahannock, August 9 (i male). At Tappahannock the single male taken was found in an Andropogen thicket close to the margin of the woods. It was associated with numerous examples of furcata. AMBLYCORYPHA OBLONGIFOLIA (De Geer). Tappahannock, July 9 (1 male). Charlottesville, July 10-27. Moderately frequent in thickets and shrubbery, usually in the neighborhood of woodland. AMBLYCORYPHA FLORIDANA CARINATA Rehn and Hebard. Churchland, September 23 (1 female); Gilmerton, October 1 (1 female). Tappahannock, July 9 to August 13 (7 males, 2 females). Charlottesville, July 11 (1 male), July 17 (1 male). Inhabits similar situations as the last species. More frequent than oblongifolia in tidewater Virginia. AMBLYCORYPHA UHLERI Sial. Churchland, October 8 (1 female); Franklin, September 18 (1 fe- male) ; Tappahannock, July 31 to October 2, common in late summer, scarce in fall; Ottoman, September 27. Charlottesville, August 11, 1914 (1 male), September 3, 1915 (2 males, species frequent). 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——15 226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Occurs chiefly in open country, frequenting the trees, bushes, weeds, and tall grasses of fields, pastures, and roadsides. Appar- ently the most abundant representative of the genus in the Piedmont and tidewater sections. AMBLYCORYPHA ROTUNDIFOLIA (Scudder). Jarman Gap, July 30, August 1 (1 male, 1 female). Monterey, August ae (2 males, 2 females); Bolar, September 3 (1 female). Taken in shrubbery and undergrowth in or close to open decid- uous woods. Apparently confined to the mountain sections of the State. MICROCENTRUM 1 LAURIFOLIUM (Linnaeus). Whitestone, September 26 (1 male); Tappahannock, September 12 (1 male). MICROCENTRUM RETINERVE (Burmeister). Charlottesville, October 31, 1915 (1 adult). NEOCONOCEPHALUS ? EXILISCANORUS (Davis). Tappahannock, August 9 to September 10 (12 males). Frequent for a short period in tidal marshes (not salt), occurring most commonly in tall reeds, Spartina cynosuroides, but spreading in small numbers to the adjoining dry land (briery thickets, corn fields). NEOCONOCEPHALUS LYRISTES (Rehn and Hebard). Tappahannock, August 12 to September 13 (9 males, 1 female). Occasional in tidal marshes; taken most frequently on Spartina eynosuroides, less frequently on Scirpus americanus. Closely resem- bles the preceding species, but is distinctly slenderer and has an entirely different song. NEOCONOCEPHALUS MELANORHINUS (Rehn amd Hebard). Churchland, August 8-9 (2 males). The writer unfourtunately failed to note the exact spot at which his specimens were taken, but 1t was doubtless in a salt marsh bor- dering: a narrow tidal stream. According to Rehn and Hebard the species is confined to true salt marsh (Spartina glabra formation). NEOCONOCEPHALUS ENSIGER (Harris). Monterey, August 16 (6 males). This northern species was found frequenting the taller grasses along a narrow ditch in a timothy pasture at the foot of a mountain ridge. 1 In this genus the specific terms are used in the sense employed in Blatchley’s Orthoptera of Indiana. 2 The genus Conocephalus of most writers. > NO. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. OoT NEOCONOCEPHALUS ROBUSTUS (Scudder).1 Tappahannock, July 27 to September 6 (6 males, species common); Sharps, June 22 (1 juv.); Millenbeck, August 8 (1 male, 1 female, 1 juv.). Charlottesville, June 28 to July 8 (nymphs), July 16 to August 12 (frequent); Crozet, August 1 (song heard). Frequent on dry land or at the borders of tidal marshes, occurring on tall grasses and herbage in fields, pastures, and roadsides. NEOCONOCEPHALUS ROBUSTUS CREPITANS (Scudder). Tappahannock, July 23, 27 (3 males). Associated with the preceding in similar habitats. NEOCONOCEPHALUS PALUSTRIS (Blatchley). Tappahannock, August 12 to October 2 (4 males, 11 females); Naylors, September 17 (1 female). Common in tidal marsh on Spartina cynosuroides, less frequent on Scirpus americanus; also occurs on cattails and in moist depressions filled with succulent grasses at the head of gulleys. NECCONOCEPHALUS RETUSUS (Scudder).” Churchland, September 15, November 4; Portsmouth, October 3; Deanes, September 26; Franklin, September 18; Tappahannock, August 21 (juv.), August 23 to October 2; Sharps, October 13. Louisa, October 26; Charlottesville, September 10-13, 1914, Sep- tember 3, 1915. Usually frequent to common in the thick grasses of fields, pastures, meadows, and roadsides; occasional in or along the borders of tidal and other marshes. NEOCONOCEPHALUS TRIOPS (Linnaeus). 'Tappahannock, April 24, September 6 to October 2; Naylors, Sep- tember 17; Sharps, May 4-8. Charlottesville, May 11, 1914 (1 male). Not uncommon in the dense stands of Spartina cynosuroides in tidal marshes, spreading to the surrounding thickets (Baccharis, Myrica, etc.), and in the spring also to the dry land, being found at that season in full song in trees, grasses, and shrubbery, as well as in the marshes. HOMOROCORYPHUS MALIVOLANS (Scudder). Tappahannock, July 13 to August 18, 1915 (29 males, 12 females). Frequent, locally at least, in dense stands of Spartina cynosuroides 1 Practically all the material included under this species appears to be intermediate between the typical race and the subspecies crepitans. 2 In the writer’s article on New Jersey Orthoptera, p. 522, the records there included under triops actually pertain to retusus. Rehn and Hebard by their recent revision have rendered a great service to field workers in clearing up the confusion in which this and several other related genera had previously been involved (Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., vol. 40, 1915, pp. 365-413). 228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52, See ee ee ee ee Se in tidal marshes; rarely occurring in briery thickets on nearby knolls. Observed ovipositing in Spartina cynosuroides. This, I understand, is the most northern record of the species. ORCHELIMUM } AGILE (De Geer). Norfolk, September 17; Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, September 15-16; Gilmerton, October 1; Deep Creek, October 1; Cape Henry, September 20; Franklin, November 5; Tappahannock, August 10-October 9; Naylors, September 17; Sharps, October 13; Millenbeck, September 27; Irvington, September 26; Whitestone, September 26. Fredericksburg, September 5 (1 male in Andropogen of upland field); Charlottesville, October 31, 1915 (1 male, wet, grassy spot at head of rivulet in open field). Usually abundant in wet or moist areas generally, especially in the Scirpus americanus formation of tidal marshes and the marginal fringe of succulent grasses, but never occurring in true salt marsh (Spartina glabra); also common in cattail, sedgey and grassy bogs inland at the head of sluggish streams. Occasionally it spreads to the adjoining dry land, specimens having been taken in goose grass (Eleusine indica), crab grass, foxtail grass, and Andropogon. The species will doubtless be found to be better represented in the Pied- mont section than the present records indicate. ORCHELIMUM GLABERRIMUM (Burmeister).’ Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, September 15; Deanes, Sep- tember 26; Gilmerton, October 1, November 6; Deep Creek, October 1; Cape Henry, September 20; Franklin, September 18, November 5. Although I found this species quite frequent in suitable localities in southeastern Virginia, I could find no trace of it in the Rappahan- nock River section of tidewater Virginia. This seems strange in view of its occurrence in southern New Jersey. In New Jersey glaberrimum appears to be restricted to the inland bogs (cedar swamps) of the Pine Barrens, but in the Norfolk region it is evidently more flexible in its habitat requirements. At Cape Henry, in addition to being common in the rank vegetation of dune hollows and ditches, it was not infrequent in the tall bunch grasses (Andropogon, Panicum amarum, etc.) on the surrounding dry sand dunes. Farther inland it appeared to prefer areas of stiff, but not always moist, soil, occurring in the rank plant growth of ditches and woodland borders and scrub. It evidently has a strong predilection for sylvan surroundings. 1 The nomenclature here adopted in this and the following genus is that used by Rehn and Hebard in in their recent revision ( See Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., vol. 41, 1915, pp. 11-83 and 155-224.) 2 This name, used by most writers in the past for the long-winged phase of vulgare, actually belongs, according to Rehn and Hebard, to the O. erythrocephalum of Davis, which therefore becomes a synonym. It was under the latter term that I included all my personal records of the present species in my list of New Jersey Orthoptera, the term glaberrimum there being mistakenly applied to a form which has since been described by Rehn and Hebard as a distinct species under the name superbum. * No. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA-—FOX. 929 See ee ee ee ORCHELIMUM VULGARE Harris. Churchland, September 15 to October 4, November 4; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, October 1; Deep Creek, October 1; Cape Henry, September 20; Franklin, September 18, November 5; Tap- pahannock, August 16-October 11; Wares Wharf, October 3; Nay- lors, September 17; Sharps, October 13; Ottoman, August 8, Sep- tember 27; Irvington, September 26. Fredericksburg, September 5; Charlottesville, October 16, 1914. Monterey, August 17-30; Hot Springs, September 6. Common at all the localities listed, except Charlottesville, where only a relatively small number have so far been observed. This is the least specialized representative of the genus in its habitat selections. It frequents tall grasses, weeds, and bushes on dry land, or land that may be damp or temporarily wet, but largely avoids areas of standing water or saturated soil such as are found in stag- nant bogs and tidal marshes, being replaced in such places in the Coastal Plain by agile. In the mountain section, however, it was common in wet meadows, but these are occupied by a more varied herbaceous vegetation than that of the bogs and tidal marshes of the Coastal Plain. Typically vulgare occurs in open situations, but in certain sections of tidewater Virginia (Irvingtom, Ottoman) I found it common on Andropogon in woodland clearings, and in the moun- tains in the dry, scrubby undergrowth of wooded slopes. ORCHELIMUM LATICAUDA Redtenbacher. Tappahannock, August 13 to October 2 (19 males, 3 females); Wares Wharf, October 3 (2 males); Sharps, October 13 (1 male); Ottoman, August 8 (1 male). Occasional in a variety of situations, occurring regularly in tidal and fresh-water marshes and pond borders, but the males, at least, spreading in small numbers to upland districts where the species was taken in a field of dense millet and in a thick growth of ragweed bor- dering the fence of a town lot. In the tidal marshes it was found in Spartina cynosuroides and in the marginal fringe of switch grasses. In fresh water bogs it was taken on various grasses, cattails, sedges, and bushes (e. g. alder). Unlike most members of the genus it ap- pears to have a strong preference for woodland habitats. ORCHELIMUM MINOR Bruner. Tappahannock, September 19-October 11, (11 males); Sharps, October 13, (Note); Millenbeck (note), September 27; Irvington, September 26 (1 female). Occasional in pine trees (P. taeda, virginiana, echinata) ; the single female was captured in the blueberry undergrowth of pine woods. 230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 52. ORCHELIMUM CONCINNUM Scudder.! Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, August 8-9, November 4; Cape Henry, September 20; Tappahannock, July 24 to September 7; Naylors, September 17; Sharps, October 13. Abundant in the Scirpus americanus formations of tidal marshes, less common in the associated Spartina cynosuroides and occasionally found in Spartina glabra (Sharps), but not typical of the latter, which it almost entirely avoids. At Tappahannock this species, although abundant in early and middle August, became quite scarce by early September, at which time it had been replaced as the dominant form of the tidal marshes by agile; on the other hand, it was found in abun- dance on the opposite side of the Rappahannock at Naylors as late as September 17, but at this place agile was relatively scarce. Can it be that these two species are competitors and that agile after its advent gradually eliminates its rival ? ORCHELIMUM FIDICINIUM Rehn and Hebard. Portsmouth, October 3 (1 female); Millenbeck, August 8, September 27; Whitestone, September 26. Locally abundant in salt marshes, a characteristic denizen of the true salt marsh grass, Spartina glabra. At Whitestone this species was very abundant. ORCHELIMUM SUPERBUM Rehn and Hebard. Tappahannock, July 27-28, 1915 (4 males). This recently described species was found on Scirpus americanus in tidal marshes. Two of the specimens differ from the type in having the outer genicular lobes of the caudal femora bispinose instead of unispinose. CONOCEPHALUS ? FASCIATUS (De Geer). Churchland, August 8-9, September 15-16, November 4, 1914, July 11, 1915; Norfolk, July 11; Deep Creek, October 1; Deanes, September 26; Franklin, September 18, November 5; Tappahannock, June 17 to October 24; Naylors, September 17; Sharps, June 22, October 13; Ottoman, August 8, September 27; Millenbeck, Sep- tember 27; Irvington, September 26. Fredericksburg, September 5; Charlottesville, June 15 to Septem- ber 10. Jarman Gap, August 1. Monterey, August 16-31; Meadowdale, August 19; Trimble, Aug- ust 15; Bolar, August 15. A highly adaptable species, occurring abundantly in a variety of habitats in the Coastal Plain; more local and largely restricted to 1Called O. herbacewm in my List of New Jersey Orthoptera, p. 527. 3 =Genus Xiphidium of most authors. * NO. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. Zod humid areas in the Piedmont and Appalachian sections, though still quite common, but in the latter surpassed by C. brevipennis. Occurs in open grassy fields and pastures, frequenting more especially the tenderer vegetation of farm lands (e. g., timothy, red-top, goose grass, Bermuda grass, clover) and moist or wet places generally, including tidal marshes (Scirpus americanus, Distichlis spicata), but not true salt marsh. Largely avoids wooded locations. May be two-brooded in Virginia. CONOCEPHALUS BREVIPENNIS (Scudder). Norfolk, September 17; Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, September 15-16, November 4; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, October 1; Deep Creek, October i; Virginia Beach, September 20; Franklin, September 18, November, 5; Tappahannock, August 18 to September 22; Naylors, September 17. Charlottesville, August 11, 1914 (1 male, 1 female). Monterey, August 16-31; Meadowdale, August 19; Trimble, Au- gust 15, September 3; Bolar, August 15; Hot Springs, September 5-6. Abundant throughout in the Appalachian localities, frequenting the pastures and meadows of the intermontane valleys and spreading into the open deciduous woods of the mountain summits, where it was not infrequent in the relatively dry grassy or shrubby under- erowth; its preference, however, is for moist or somewhat humid locations. In the Piedmont section and Coastal Plain this species appears to be scarce or at most only locally frequent, being confined largely to low humid areas (marshes, ‘‘branches,” ditches, drains, springheads, ete.) or the denser undergrowth of woods. It evidently never occurs in tidal marshes. In the Rappahannock River section it appeared to be quite exceptional, but was of more regular and fre- quent occurrence in the region around Norfolk. CONOCEPHALUS NEMORALIS (Scudder). Charlottesville, October 10, 1914 (1 female), October 31, 1915 (2 males, Carter Mountain). The exact distribution of this species in the region east of the Cen- tral States is still uncertain. All the available records are from locali- ties along the front of the Appalachians. Besides the locality here given, the species is also known in Virginia from Luray, but I do not know of any records from the mountain section, despite the rather careful search I made for it while in that section. CONOCEPHALUS STRICTUS (Scudder). Norfolk, September 17; Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, August 8 (juv.), September 15; Deanes, September 26; Gilmerton, October 1; Deep Creek, October 1; Cape Henry, September 20; Franklin, September 18; Tappahannock, August 13-October 2; Wares Wharf, October 3. 232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. Fredericksburg, September 5; Louisa, October 26 (1 male); Char- lottesville, September 10—October 31, 1914. Monterey, August 22 (adults, nymphs), August 31; Bolar, Septem- ber 3; Hot Springs, September 7. Occasional or moderately frequent in open, undisturbed, dry grasslands, especially partial to Andropogon, but taken also in Dan- thonia. CONOCEPHALUS STICTOMERUS Rehn and Hebard. Churchland, August 8 (1 female),1 September 15 (1 female); Tap- pahannock, July 31-October 2 (18 males, 9 females, 4 juv.). Occasional in tidal marshes, especially in the tall reeds, Spartina cynosuroides, upon the spikelets of which it was observed feeding; less frequent in Scirpus americanus. Apparently active only at night. CONOCEPHALUS NIGROPLEUROIDES (Fox). Churchland, September 15 to October 1. Occasional in tall Spartina glabra fringing small tidal creek. Not observed in the salt marshes of the lower Rappahannock River. CONOCEPHALUS SPARTINAE (Fox). Portsmouth, October 3; Churchiand, September 15 to October 1, 1914; July 11, 1915 (1 female); Tappahannock, July 18 to Septem- ber 7; Wares Wharf, October 3; Sharps, October 13; Millenbeck, August 8, September 27; Whitestone, September 26. Usually common in true salt marshes, frequenting Spartina glabra and occasional in tidal marshes beyond the influence of salt water (Tappahannock), occurring in the latter on Scirpus americanus and Spartina cynosuroides. CONOCEPHALUS SALTANS (Scudder). Portsmouth, October 3; Churchland, September 16; Deanes, Sep- tember 26; Gilmerton, November 6; Franklin, September 18; Tap- pahannock, August 21 (juv.), September 9 to October 11; Dunns- ville, October 3. Charlottesville, September 10 to October 31, 1914. Occasional to frequent in coarse, dry grasses (Andropogon) usually in the vicinity of wooded areas. ATLANTICUS TESTACEUS (Scudder).? Charlottesville, March 27—May 25 (nymphs), June 23 to July 16, 1914, Occasional in dry, open woodland or wooded borders, frequenting low shrubbery. 1 This specimen is atypical, having the ovipositor considerably longer than in typical examples. See measurements in the recent revision of the genus by Rehn and Hebard. 2—A. pachymerus of authors. Mr. Rehn kindly determined all my examples of this genus collected in 1914. * No. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—ION. Doe ATLANTICUS AMERICANUS (Saussnre).! Virginia Beach, September 20 (1 male); Franklin, September 18 (1 female); Tappahannock, September 22 (1 male, 1 female), October 11 (1 female). Found in Andropogon scrub at margin of woods and in the under- growth of pine woods. ATLANTICUS DAVISI Rehn and Hebard. Monterey, August 20 (1 female), September 1 (1 female); Hot Springs, September 6 (1 male). Taken in grassy and shubby undergrowth of dry mountain woods. CAMPTONOTUS CAROLINENSIS (Gerstacker). Tappahannock, July 28 (1 male). Family GRYLLIDAE. GRYLLUS ASSIMILIS Fabricius. Norfolk, September 17; Churchland, September 15 to October 4, November 4-6; Gilmerton, October 1; Franklin, September 18; Tappahannock, April 24 to October 24. Charlottesville, July 8 (1 female). Hot Springs, September 6 (1 female). Common in grassy tangles and underbrush of all kinds in fields, pastures, and borders of marshes. ANUROGRYLLUS MUTICUS. 2 Tappahannock, June 7 to July 25. Charlottesville, May 26 to June 3. Frequent in fields and pastures and along fence rows. Nocturnal in habits, singing at or close to the mouth of its burrow. MIOGRYLLUS VERTICALIS (Serville). 3 Tappahannock, June 28 to July 18 (2 males, 1 female). Taken in short, bright green, tender grass growing on damp ground of sun-lit path in low woods. NEMOBIUS FASCIATUS (De Geer). Norfolk, September 17; Franklin, September 18; Tappahannock, August 21 to October 9. Charlottesville, June 27—July 31 (nymphs). Jarman Gap, July 30 (nymphs). Monterey, August 16 to September 1; Meadowdale, August 19: Bolar, September 3; Hot Springs, September 6-7. Abundant in grassy tangles and sod land generally, especially in damp spots. Ubiquitous in the mountainous section, more local or _ sporadic in the Piedmont region and Coastal Plain. 1— 4A. dorsalis of authors. ? Mr. Hebard kindly examined my 1914 specimens and referred them to this species with query. 3 Determined by Mr. Hebard. = M. saussurei of authors. 234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. NEMOBIUS MACULATUS Blatchley. ! Tappahannock, September 22 (1 female in tender grass of damp spot on path in deciduous woods). NEMOBIUS CUBENSIS Saussure. Tappahannock, September 6 (1 female on road through tidal marsh close to dense formation of Spartina cynosuroides). OECANTHUS NIGRICORNIS Walker. Monterey, August 17 to September 1 (1 adult). OECANTHUS LATIPENNIS Riley. Tappahannock, November 12, 1914 (1 female); August 12 (2 juv.), 21 to September 9, 1915 (4 females). (Old stubble field, roadside thickets.) Hot Springs, September 6 (three adults, dry open woods of moun- tain summit). OECANTHUS ANGUSTIPENNIS Fiteh. Charlottesville, July 14-17 (on oak in open grove). OECANTHUS QUADRIPUNCTATUS Bent. Deep Creek, October 1 (1 female); Virginia Beach, September 20 (1 female); Cape Henry, September 20; Tappahannock, July 9 to September 19. Charlottesville, June 16 (nymphs), July 3-14 (adults, nymphs). Common on weeds and shrubbery in fields, open woodland and borders of marshes. ANAXIPHA EXIGUA (Say). Tappahannock, September 9 (1 female on Scirpus americanus in tidal marsh). Charlottesville, July 14 (1 juv.). APITHES AGITATOR Uhler. Norfolk region (exact locality not certain), September 15 to October 3 (1 male, 1 female); Tappahannock, September 9 to October 2 (2 females). Occurs in thickets and low brush of roadsides and field borders. OROCHARIS SALTATOR Uhler. Franklin, September 18 (1 female, undergrowth of pine woods). 1 Determinations in this genus by Mr. Hebard. FOSSIL FISHES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. By CHaries R. EASTMAN. Of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City. INTRODUCTION. The collection of fossil fishes belonging to the United States National Museum, although not extensive, is a representative series, comprising characteristic species from all of the main geological time divisions from the Ordovician onward, and including about 170 type- specimens and other important material which has served in the description of species or determination of geological horizons. The ereater part of the material was obtained under the auspices of the United States geological surveys and exploring expeditions, and a large quantity of fish remains was added to the collection through the acquisition of a number of important private collections, like those of Lesquereux, Lacoe, Sherwood, and others. Some foreign material, from various horizons, but chiefly Mesozoic and Tertiary, was acquired at different times by exchange or purchase. Prior to the installation of the collection of fossil vertebrates in the new building of the United States National Museum the fishes had not been systematically studied, nor even fully accessible nor arranged, owing to lack of space accommodations; and until eight years ago no published list had been prepared of the important type-specimens it contains. In 1905, under the direction of Dr. George P. Merrill, a catalogue of the type specimens of fossil invertebrates, by Charles Schuchert and associates, was published by the museum, and two years later this was followed by a second part, including the type specimens of fossil vertebrates and fossil plants.'| The second part of this Catalogue records a wealth of material upon which Leidy, Cope, and Marsh founded much of their early work in vertebrate paleon- tology. 1 Catalogue of the type and figured specimens of Fossils, Minerals, Rocks and Ores, ete. Part 2. Fossil Vertebrates, Fossil Plants, ete. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 53, pt. 2, 1907. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL. 52—No. 2177. 235 236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. During the first half of the year 1914, in pursuance of arrange- ments made by Dr. Charles D. Walcott, the fossil fish remains in the United States National Museum were systematically arranged and put in order by the present writer, and a number of undescribed or scientifically interesting specimens were set aside for special study. The greater part of these were afterwards placed in the hands of Mr. R. Weber for the purpose of preparing suitable illustrations to accom- pany a report upon the collection, which is now printed in the follow- ing pages. To Dr. G. P. Merrill, head curator of geology, and to Mr. J.W. Gidley and Mr. C. W. Gilmore, of the Section of Vertebrate Pale- ontology, cordial thanks are returned for the enjoyment of many privileges and courtesies extended while the work of studying the collection was in progress. A. ORDOVICIAN SYSTEM. The earliest remains of vertebrate life anywhere found are those occurring at several Ordovician localities in Colorado, the Bighorn Mountains of Montana, and the Black Hills uplift of South Dakota. The longest and best known of these localities is Harding Quarry, a short distance west of Canon City, Colorado, where vast quantities of detached scales and other fragmentary hard parts of primitive fishes are contained in sandstone (now known as the Harding sand- stone) usually correlated with the Lower Trenton of the eastern United States and Lower Bala of Wales. R.S. Bassler in his biblio- graphic index of American Ordovician and Silurian fossils places the Harding sandstone in the Black River groups because it underlies the Kinnswick limestone of uppermost Black River age. Three species, supposed te represent true fishes, were established by Dr. C. D. Walcott,’ after an examination of hundreds of fragments collected by himself and Dr. T. W. Stanton at Canon City in 1890 and 1891, and the ichthyic nature of the remains was confirmed by Dr. Otto Jaekel’s study of microscopic sections of dermal plates belonging to two of the species. Cope, however, in a review of Walcott’s paper, expressed the opin- ion that it is ‘‘extremely unlikely that these forms are fishes, but they are more likely Agnatha.’’ Under this latter term the author just quoted included the great extinct group of fishlike vertebrates to which he applied the name of Octracodermi, and to which he assigned a lower rank than that of Pisces proper. 1 Walcott, C. D. Notes on the discovery of a vertebrate fauna in Silurian (Ordovician) strata. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 3, 1892, pp. 153-172. Doctor Jaekel’s views as to the nature of the remains are appen- ded to this article, and are again stated in a review published by him in Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., 1895, p. 162. Cope’s review is found in the American Naturalist for March 1893, pp. 268-269. See also the same journal for February, 1891, p. 137, for a notice of Doctor Walcott’s first communication. * no. 2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. ON Influenced by the idea that some of the tuberculated dermal plates described by Doctor Walcott from the Canon City locality bore a strong resemblance to certain well-known Devonian fishes, such as Coccosteus and Asterolepids, the suggestion has been put forward by some writers that the fish beds at Canon City are probably not of Ordovician but of Devonian age. The suggestion appears untenable in view of the fact that the accompanying invertebrate fauna, repre- sented by more than thirty species, exhibits clearly the facies of the Middle Ordovician limestone of New York and the Mississippi Valley. The same invertebrate fauna persists upward to a horizon 180 feet above the fish beds, and includes a number of highly characteristic forms, such as Receptaculites owent and various molluscous and crus- tacean species. An excellent account of this and the corresponding section in Wyoming was published by N. H. Darton * in 1907, and two years later the same author? announced the discovery of fish remains in the Ordovician near Rapid City, South Dakota. Still more recently, in 1913, the discovery was announced by T. D. A. Cockerell? of another locality in Colorado, near Ohio City, at which fish-remains occur similar to those found at Canon City, and accompanied by the same invertebrate fauna. Professor Cockerell is impressed by the extraordianry resemblance that the fish remains from the Ohio City locality bear to well-known types of Devonian fishes, and claims to have found representatives of three families, Diplacanthidae, Holoptychiidae, and Coccosteidae. These deter- minations are admitted, however, to be merely approximate, and can only be accepted in a provisional sense until the material has been carefully investigated. The Ordovician age of the containing beds seems to be conclusively established by the evidence of invertebrate remains. OSTRACODERMI. ASTRASPIDAE, new family. An imperfectly definable family, known only by a single genus, Astraspis, which has the large median dorsal and ventral plates of the body armor constructed in the same fashion as in the Psammos- teidae, out of fused polygonal tesserae, and the external ornament of these plates also similar in a general way to that observed in var- ious genera of Heterostracous Ostracoderms. 1 Ordovician of the Bighorn Mountains. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 17, 1907, pp. 541-566. 2 Discovery of fish remains in the Ordovician of the Black Hills, South Dakota. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 19, 1909, pp. 567-568. 3 Cockerell, T. D. A. Ordovician (?) fish remains in Colorado. Amer. Naturalist, vol. 47, 1913, pp. 246- 247. 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52. Genus ASTRASPIS Walcott. ASTRASPIS DESIDERATA Walcott. Plate 12, figs. 5, 6. Astraspis desiderata Watcorr, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 3, 1892, p. 166, pl. 3, figs. 6-14; pl. 4, figs. 1-4. The original specimens upon which this species was founded are preserved in the United States National Museum collection, and are catalogued under the number 2351. They consist of fragmentary plates, ornamented with a coarse tuberculation, and not sufficiently complete to permit of even ordinal determination. A suggestion was made, however, by the original author that the form was allied to Devonian Antiarchs like Asterolepis ornata. Some months after the presentation of Doctor Walcott’s paper before the Geological Society in 1891, and before it had been printed in the bulletin, a unique and extremely important specimen of Kinderhook limestone. 4. C. longinodsus Eastman........---------------+-----+++- Kinderhook limestone. BC. Tucust Wastman’..4. 2 2. 26. oie Sas 2 ace ae Sores Kinderhook limestone. 6. C. sculptus St. John and Worthen......------------------ Kinderhook limestone. 7. C. semicostatus St. John and Worthen .......-.----------- Kinderhook limestone. 8. Csolidus Bastman . 2222 -- 2. o65en- 122 -.- ea-55-=-s2--22 2 Kinderhook limestone. 9. C. spectabilis St. John and Worthen....-...-.------------- Kinderhook limestone. 10. C. varians St. John and Worthen........------------------ Kinderhook limestone. 11. C. venustus Fastman...........2.00.00---- 222 eee seen es Kinderhook limestone. 12. C.(?) burlingtonensis St. John and Worthen....----.------- Burlington limestone. 13. C. gradocostatus St. John and Worthen.......------------- Burlington limestone. 14: Cvacutus Eastman... .2-.22--. 2+ 2202 e sees ene shat see Keokuk limestone. 15. C. cylindricus Newberry. ..----------------+-++22eterertreee Keokuk limestone. 16. C. excavatus St. John and Worthen .....-..------------------ Keokuk limestone. 17. C. keokuk St. John and Worthen .......--------------------- Keokuk limestone. 18. C. viphias St. John and Worthen.......--------------------- Keokuk limestone. 19. C. costatus Newberry and Worthen ......------------------ St. Louis limestone. 20. C. deflecus St. John and Worthen .....-.---------+-++++----++ St. Louis limestone. 21. C. gemmatus St. John and Worthen ...----------- SueicGh owes St. Louis limestone. 22. C. gurleyi Newberry.....------+------- +--+ 2 cc ere creer St. Louis limestone. 23. (. harrisoni St. John and Worthen .......----------------+--- St. Louis limestone. 24. C. littont Newberry...---------------- 2-2-2 e ete e etree eee St. Louis limestone. 25. C. pellensis St. John and Worthen ......-------------++-++- St. Louis limestone. 26. C.angulatus Newberry and Worthen .......--------+----+---- Chester limestone. 27. C. eanaliratus St. John and Worthen .....-.--------------+-+--- Chester limestone. 28. CO. similis St. John and Worthen.......---------------------- Chester limestone. Genus PHYSONEMUS M’Coy. Syn. Xystracanthus Leidy; Drepanacanthus Newberry and Worthen. The earliest and most primitive remains assignable to this “genus” are found in the Kinderhook limestone of the Mississippi Valley, where they are accompanied by small spines of Stethacanthus. The Bur- lington species of both genera are considerably larger than those from the Kinderhook, but they are feebly ornamented, and so too are the * no.2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 263 Keokuk species. Stethacanthus seems to have attained its maximum size in the stage represented by the Keokuk limestone, as Physonemus did in the Burlington; and a marked diminution of size is observable in both genera toward the close of the Mississippian series. A certain group of large Physonemus-like spines is peculiar in that the exserted portion is forwardly curved, instead of backwardly, as in most ichthyodorulites, and this feature appeared so anomalous to early authors, like Leidy, Newberry, and Worthen, as in their judg- ment to warrant a generic separation from Physonemus. Hence sev- eral species belonging to this category were described under the names of Xystracanthus and Drepanacanthus. The group of large, forwardly curved spines referred to includes such forms as the so- called Drepanacanthus gemmatus Newberry and Worthen, D. anceps Newberry and Worthen, Xystracanthus acinaciformis St. John and Worthen, Physonemus gigas Newberry and Worthen, and the defenses theoretically associated with the teeth of Polyrhizodus rossicus by A. Inostranzev ! and O. Jaekel.2, However, it seems preferable to retain all of the ‘‘species” represented by these spines within the limits of Physonemus, and their forward curvature favors the interpretation of these bodies as head spines and clasping organs such as are devel- oped among recent and fossil Chimaeroids. Following is a list of the known North American species of Physo- nemus, understood in its broader sense: he Pamus- Piscolorvus HastMAM 22)... 22 sas eset ok sceeelsle eleleie'e'n|s cima 5 Kinderhook. Pe DATEL Sy PIASLIIRI cee hoync iO aicw ie te nie wieitinl ane a el ge layayehe yaya Kinderhook. aerloigas Newberry. and, WOrthGR chs « cinsjeloine’s os cia owintnicies alainin'= ajeetnie Burlington. A Pe genmaus (Newberry and Worthen))..02.)..\. 2222-6. 0 -cse5-52 5's Keokuk. a eeasteatus (Newberry and Worthen) 22.6222 25 osc scjaat ac oe asco Keokuk. GP x(2)y bacuhjorm (St. Johniand Worthen). 22... 25.022 .-- ss --- 46s =e Keokuk. Tee ynecis (Stedobn. and’ Worthen). .-.. 20822 2 (2.2601) c aac. Sse cece Keokuk. Sane GTC Ae MO COMrls ost ais oa ap: ines siSed aan ate ao ja w= Seleis eres ce ieee St. Louis. 9: P>acinaciformis (St. John.and Worthen) ..../.- i-.24:22--+---+-5<¢ Coal Measures. HOnrs anceps (Newberry and’ Worthen)..... 2-2 5.22 ---2,4--~ 252.4552, Coal Measures. Mi emiaeree Ne ASU 2c 6 seas asin seins sie ae Sel Slee «be cam alaloreieie Coal Measures. 12IP maravilis (St. Johnrand Worthen)...-.. 2.2.22... 2.5225... 2.8 Coal Measures. PHYSONEMUS GEMMATUS (Newberry and Worthen). Plates 3 and 4; plate 5, fig. 3. Drepanacanthus gemmatus NEwBERRY and WorrTHEN, Pal. Illinois, vol. 2, 1866, p: 123, pl. 12, figs. 1,2: The only published figures of this species are imperfectly pre- served spines in which the apical portion is lacking, and the inserted basal part is not completely shown. Two very large (25 cm. high) and well preserved spines belonging to the United States National Museum collection fortunately supplement each other as regards cer- 1 Travaux Soc. Nat. St. Pétersb., vol. 19, 1888, pp. 1-18, figs. 7-10. 2 Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges., vol. 51, 1899, p. 281, fig. 5. 264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52. tain details; together they acquaint us with the entire outline, includ- ing the part inserted in the integument, and also show the characters of the superficial ornamentation more clearly than in the original illustrations of this species. At first sight it may seem peculiar that the large, obliquely directed denticles seen along the concave margin near the distal extremity shouid occur on the anterior, instead of posterior, face of the spine. Sunilar conditions, however, have been noted by St.John and Worthen in the form described by them as Xystracanthus [= Physonemus] mirabilis, and the like is to be observed also in the still more arcuate and forwardly curved spimes from the Russian Coal Measures which have been theoretically associated by Inostranzev! and Jaekel? with the teeth of Polyrhizodus rossicus. We should not hesitate to refer these Russian spines to the genus Physonemus, and the interpretation that we should place upon them is to regard them as frontal clasping organs, of the same nature as those in Squaloraja, Myriacanthus, and recent Chimaeroids. A single arcuate spine, much weathered and preserved partly in the form of an impression, but apparently referable to this species, was obtained by J. A. Udden in 1914 from Pennsylvanian strata near San Sabo, Texas, at the same locality that yielded the type of Dic- renodus teranus. It is contained in the Museum collection (Cat. No. 8108) and is shown in plate 5, figure 3. PHYSONEMUS ARCUATUS M’Coy. Plate 5, figs. 1, 2. Physonemus arcuatus M’Coy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [2] vol. 2, 1848, p. 117, and Brit. Palaeoz. Foss., 1855, p. 638, pl. 3 I, fig. 20—Easrman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 39, 1903, p. 208, text-fig. 12. Spines of this species are of extremely rare occurrence in the Lower Carboniferous of the Mississippi Valley, and few perfect examples have been obtained from either this country or Great Britain. In general the known specimens are denuded of their superficial orna- mentation, and the denticles along the concave margin are either worn or broken away. Two specimens which show the tuberculate ornamentation more perfectly than in any previously described example of this species are preserved in the Museum collection, and illustrated in plate 5, figures 1 and 2. They differ somewhat in gen- eral outline, one being slender and erect, and having the posterior denticles more strongly developed than in the other, which is more compact and arcuate. Nevertheless, we are not inclined to regard these differences as sufficient to warrant the establishment of a new 1 Travaux Soc. Nat. St. Pétersb., vol. 19, 1888, pp. 1-18, with plate. 2 Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges., vol. 51, 1899, p. 281, text-fig. 5. The ornamentation of these spines is suggestive of certain species of Oracanthus. # no.2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 265 species for the more slender variety, especially in view of the fact that the lower portion of the convex margin is not entire, and some of the posterior denticles have become lost. Important to note is the fact that the original of plate 5, figure 2, displays very clearly the line of insertion at the base, and the direc- tion of this lime would seem to indicate that in this as in other species of Physonemus, the distal portion of the spine was forwardly curved. This disposes of the view formerly entertained tnat the P. arcuatus type of head-spine was homologous with the laterally compressed posterior branch of Erismacanthus (see pl. 7, figs. 2,3). That this recurved portion of Hrismacanthus spines was actually posterior in position follows as a necessary consequence of the interpretation of these organs as frontal claspers. It is probable that in Physonemus, as in Heteracanthus, the forwardly arched spines were situated imme- diately behind the head, at the junction with the neck. Formation and locality—St. Louis limestone; near St. Louis, Mis- souri (from the G. Hambach collection). Genus ERISMACANTHUS M’Coy. Of this genus two European and two American species have been described, all of the forms agreeing closely with the Physonemus type of frontal spine, but differing from it in that the spines are divaricated; that is, they consist of two branches extending in oppo- site directions in the same vertical plane. The imperfect ichthyo- dorulites. known as Gampsacanthus, Lecracanthus, and Dipriacanthus appear to be of the same general nature, and may be provisionally regarded as the dissociated anterior branches belonging to Hrismacan- thus. ‘The spines of this genus are somewhat asymmetrical, and were probably located on either side of the head region, whereas the bilaterally symmetrical Physonemus type of frontal spine occupied an occipital position. ERISMACANTHUS FORMOSUS Eastman. Erismacanthus formosus Eastman, Amer. Naturalist, vol. 36, 1902, p. 850, text- fig. 1; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 31, 1902, p. 212, text-fig. 13. The type of this, the largest known species of the genus, was col- lected by Dr. G. Hambach in the St. Louis limestone of Missouri, and is now preserved in the collection of the United States National Museum. ERISMACANTHUS MACCOYANUS St. John and Worthen. Plate 7, figs. 2, 3. Erismacanthus maccoyanus St. JoHN and WortTHEN, Pal. Illinois, vol. 6, 1875, p. 461, pl. 22, figs. 1, 2, 4 (noé fig. 3).—Easrman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 31, 1902, p. 211. The paired frontal claspers described under this name are all of small size, none so far as known exceeding 5 cm. in length. One of 266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. the specimens described by the original authors' and doubtfully included by them in this species has since been interpreted by the present writer as belonging to an immature example of E. formosus. In the latter species the denticles along the concave margin of the posterior spine are closely approximated; in L. maccoyanus they are widely spaced. The United States National Museum collection con- tains well-preserved specimens of this form from the St. Louis lime- stone of Missouri (from the G. Hambach collection). One of the most perfect is catalogued as No. 8094, and shown in plate 7, figure 3. Genus STETHACANTHUS Newberry. The spines referred to this genus present some resemblance to those of Physonemus, and also, in respect to their elongated inserted portion, to certain species of Oracanthus, such as O. vetustus, pre- sently to be noticed. The maximum size in this genus appears to have been reached in the species known as Stethacanthus productus, from the Keokuk limestone of Iowa, the type and only known example of which is preserved in the collection of the United States National Museum. (Cat. No. 3841.) Two small-sized spines referable to this genus have recently been described by L. Hussakof ? from the Waverly of Kentucky under the new specific titles of S. humilis and S. exilis. They are preserved in phosphatic nodules from one or two localities near Junction City, in Boyle County. It is interesting to compare this occurrence of Stethacanthus spines with that of similarly formed spines under pre- cisely the same conditions, within small, hard nodules, in the Caney shale of Oklahoma, at the dividing line between the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian. A portion of such a spine, which cannot be specifi- cally identified with certainty, is among the specimens obtained by Doctor Girty from this horizon, and bears the Museum catalogue num- ber 8110. It is from the locality numbered 6079 in Doctor Girty’s Bulletin on the Caney Shale, published by the United States Geological Survey in 1909. Genus HARPACANTHUS Traquair. This genus, known hitherto by but a single species, H7. fimbriatus (Stock), includes small, angularly bent spines, which are best inter- preted as frontal claspers corresponding to those of recent male Chimaeroids. HARPACANTHUS PROCUMBENS, new species. Plate 7, fig. 1. Spines resembling those of H. fimbriatus but distinguished from them by having a more closely spaced series of conical, recurved, 1 Pal, Illinois, vol. 6, pl. 22, fig. 3. 2Hussakof, L. Descriptions of four new Palaeozoic Fishes from North America. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, 1913, pp. 245-250. > no. 2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 267 faintly striated denticles, eight in number, extending for a short dis- tance backward from the distal extremity along what corresponds to the antero-inferior margin in the head-spines of modern Chimae- roids; the postero-superior margin opposite the series of recurved denticles gently reflected. A sudden curve in the direction of the spine takes place about midway its length, by which the distal por- tion of the shaft becomes deflected at right angles from the proximal portion. At the point where the abrupt curvature begins along the antero-inferior margin is seen a prominent semicircular knob-like expansion, which probably served for the attachment of muscles operating to depress the clasper. Surface of spine smooth through- out, but under the lens minute pittings are seen. Cross-section more or less oval, somewhat flattened. The type and only known example of this species was collected by Dr. G. Hambach in the St. Louis limestone, near St. Louis, Missouri. It was acquired by the United States National Museum a few years ago, and is catalogued as No. 8095. Genus ORACANTHUS Agassiz. The spines belonging to this genus often attain a very large size, are much laterally compressed and triangular, rarely elongated and slightly arched; internal pulp-cavity very large, base of insertion usually not very deep, sometimes much extended in horizontal di- rection. Sides of exserted portion ornamented by large tubercles, with a tendency to become arranged in transverse series, sometimes fused. ORACANTHUS VETUSTUS Leidy. Plate 6, fig. 2. Oracanthus vetustus Lerpy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 7, 1856, p. 414, and Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [2] vol. 3, 1856, p. 161, pl. 16, figs. 1-3.— Newserry, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 285, pl. 22, fig. 3. The peculiar characters of the much extended base in the spines belonging to this species remained unsuspected until the publication of Newberry’s posthumous paper in 1897, in which a single large and nearly complete spine was described and illustrated. In the same article is given a review of the principal literature of the genus, and more complete bibliographical references are brought together in J. W. Davis’s monograph on Fossil Fishes of the Carboniferous Lime- stone (pp. 525-526). The interesting specimen figured by Newberry was obtained from the Kinderhook limestone near Burlington, Iowa. In the Museum collection are two remarkably perfect specimens from the same hori- zon at Le Grand, Iowa, one of which is shown in plate 6, figure 2. Some differences are to be noted in the details of ornamentation of the spines that have been referred to this species, but they are not 268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. considered as indicating more than individual variation. The differ- ences will be appreciated from a comparison of the original of our plate 6, figure 2, with the complete specimen figured by Newberry. As regards the nature of the inserted portion, however, the two stand in substantial agreement, both being shallow and greatly elongated. Interesting to observe is the fact that the anterior extremity of the elongated base rises into a tumid “shoulder,” recalling the very simi- lar appearance presented by spines of Stethacanthus. Formation and locality.—Kinderhook limestone (Mississippian) ; Le Grand, Lowa. ORACANTHUS TRIANGULARIS, new species. Plate 5, figs. 5, 6. Spines attaining to a large size, of triangular cross-section in the distal portion, lateral face broad and triangular, resembling in con- formation and size the spines of Xystracanthys mirabilis from the Coal Measures, except in being less arcuate, and in having more strongly developed conical denticles along the posterior margin. Superficial ornament consisting of large tubercles arranged in more or less regular transverse series, many of them fused together, forming discontinuous ridges. A few spines presenting the above characteristics are contained in the Museum collection, and, although incomplete, are sufficiently well marked to warrant the establishment of a distinct species to receive them. No other spines are known from the American Lower Carboniferous which exhibit the same broad triangular outline and transversely ridged external surface, due to the coalescence of coarse tubercles in fairly regular series. At the same time the distal ex- tremity is triangular and less laterally compressed in cross-section than is true of most species. The style of ornamentation somewhat resembles that of the type-species, O. millert, and the long and taper- ing Physonemus-like spines which Inostranzev has described from the Russian Carboniferous in accompaniment with the teeth of Poly- rhizodus. A small fragment from the Chester limestone of Ihnois, described by St. John and Worthen as Oracanthus rectus, shows a tendeney of the tubercles of the exserted portion to become fused into irregular transverse series. The same authors also figure the distal portion of a triangular spine, possibly belonging to the species under discussion, which they erroneously refer to O. vetustus.t. In O. millert the secies of ornamented ridges extend obliquely over the sides of the exserted portion. Formation and locality—St. Louis limestone, near St. Louis, Missouri. (Cat. No. 8377, U.S.N.M.) 1 Pal. Illinois, vol. 7, 1883, pl. 24, fig. 2. * no.2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 269 Genus EDESTUS Leidy. Through fortunate discoveries in this country and abroad, our knowledge of the peculiar structures known as the Edestidae has been largely augmented during recent years, and the number of de- scribed species increased to more than a score. A review of the ex- isting literature was published by the present writer in 1903,’ and, a decade later, a further review was contributed by A. Karpinsky,? former Director of the Russian Geological Survey. In the same year appeared an important article by O. P. Hay,’ in which a speci- men named by him Edestus mirus was declared to afford conclusive proof as to the dental nature of the much-debated segmented struc- tures. This specimen is noteworthy also for having associated with it in the same block of matrix two Orodus-like teeth, thus suggesting that the segments of Edestus and related genera (Toxoprion, Lisso- prion, Helicoprion) were in reality the fused symphysial teeth of Palaeozoic Cestraciont sharks. More recent contributions to our knowledge of this class of remains are two papers by Karpinsky,*‘ one on the general nature of Helicoprion, the other describing a new spe- cies and a preliminary account of Edestus by Woodward.° EDESTUS HEINRICHI Newberry and Worthen. . Plate 6, fig. 1. Edestus heinrichi Newprerry and WortHEN, Pal. Illinois, vol. 4, 1870, p. 350. pled. he, One of the largest and best preserved examples of this species has recently been added to the United States National Museum collec- tion, and catalogued under the number 8032. It was collected a number of years ago by Mr. William Metcalf from the Coal Measures of Appanoose County, Iowa, and by him presented to the National Museum in 1914. Its total length is about 33 cm, and the number of segments indicated by separate teeth and sheathsisten. Besides these, an eleventh and youngest formed segment, not yet con- solidated with the fused mass at the time of the creature’s death, when it became lost, is indicated by a smooth area on either face of the posterior half of the common base, where the newly formed 1 Mark Anniversary Volume, pp. 279-289. New York, 1903. 2 Karpinsky, A. On Helicoprion and other Edestidae: Verh. Kais. Min. Ges. St. Petersb., vol. 49, 1912, pp. 69-94. 3 Hay, O.P. Onanimportant specimen of Edestus, etc. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, pp. 31-38, pls.1, 2. See also the following by the same author: On the nature of Hdestus and related genera, with de- scriptions of one new genus and three new species. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, 1909, pp. 43-61, pls. 12-15. The specimens of Edestus described in these papers by Doctor Hay are now preserved in the collection of the United States National Museum. They include the types of Edestus crenulatus, E. serratus, E. mirus, and Lissoprion ferrieri Hay. 4Karpinsky, A. Notice sur la nature de l’organe hélicoidal du Helicoprion. Bull. Soc. Ouralienne Sci. Nat. d’ Ekatérinebourg, vol. 35, 1915, pp. 117-145. (Text in Russian and French)—A new species ot Helicoprion (H. clerci). Bull. Acad, Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., vol. 35, 1916, pp. 701-708. (Text in Rus- sian.) 5 Woodward, A. S. A new species of Edestus from Yorkshire. Nature, vol. 98, 1916, pp. 102-103, 270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. sheath enveloped the immediately preceding segment. A specimen closely rivalling the one here figured in size and perfection of preserva- tion, but showing a series of nine teeth instead of ten, has recently been acquired by the American Museum of Natural History. TELEOSTOMI. Order CROSSOPTERYGII. The larger number of remains of ‘‘fringe-finned ganoids” belong- ing to the United States National Museum collection consists of Rhizo- dont scales (14 of them being types described by Cope and others), small Coelacanths, and more or less complete skeletons of Palaeoni- scids, all preserved within concretions from the well-known Mazon Creek locality in Grundy County, Lllinois. Most of these nodules were formerly contained in the Lacoe collection, acquired by the Museum about twenty years ago. The Lesquereux collection was especially rich in fossils from the Coal Measures of Linton, Ohio, and most of the fishes from this locality are Coelacanths. The so- called ichthyic genus and species, Mycterops orcinatus Cope! from the Coal Measures of Beaver County, Pennsylvania, is not of verte- brate nature, but founded upon arachnid fragments. The type is catalogued as No. 1977, and another specimen identified as a jugular plate of Coelacanthus by Jackel, is catalogued as No. 1975. Family COKLACANTHIDAE. Genus COELACANTHUS Agassiz. The earliest known representative of this genus is a small form occurring in the basal member of the Upper Devonian near Gerol- stein, in Rhenish Prussia, first described by the late Prof. A. von Koenen? in 1895, and recognized as a true Coelacanth by Smith Woodward? in 1898. no.217%. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 281 culum, but the preoperculum was probably much reduced and nearly concealed by adjacent elements. Formation and locality.—Upper Trias; Connecticut Valley and New Jersey. Family BELONORHYNCHIDAE Woodward. Of this family of Triassic chondrosteans, only a single genus which is capable of satisfactory definition has hitherto been discovered. This is Belonorhynchus, represented by about a dozen species. Under the term of Saurichthys Agassiz are provisionally included several species which may be generically identical with Belonorhynchus, as suggested by Otto Reis,! but for the present, following Woodward’s example, it seems preferable to retain the established systematic arrangement. Two representatives of Belonorhynchus have been described by A.S. Woodward from the Upper Trias of Gosford, New South Wales. These have been named B. gigas and B. gracilis, and differ from other known species in the form of dermal scutes and minor details of the fins and scales. From the same horizon and locality a single very peculiar specimen has been obtained which recalls in some respects, such as body contour and character of the remote dorsal fin, the smal- ler of these species (B. gracilis). But the conformation of the head and obtuse, rounded snout does not agree at all with the features which we are accustomed to associate with members of this genus for the corresponding region; and the specimen in question is clearly anomalous in this regard. The specimen just referred to belongs to the Museum collection, and is shown in plate 14, figure 3. It is embedded in the same slab of sandstone in which are contained several specimens of Cleithrolepis, Semionotus, and Dictyopyge, the whole block being entered under the catalogue number 1842. Unfortunately the condition of the speci- men does not permit of a closer identification than to suggest being included as an aberrant representative of the Belonorhynchidae, with much abbreviated snout. Sutures in the cranial shield are not dis- tinguishable, and it would appear as if the actual bone substance had been fractured and exposed to weathering. Under such circum- stances we are not warranted in establishing a new genus or species upon the evidence of the solitary specimen before us, but a figure of it is given in the hope that further enlightenment may be at some later time forthcoming. i Geogn. Jahresb., 1891, p. 149, 282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. Family SEMIONOTIDAE Woodward. A study of the characters of this family shows that the genera in- cluded under it are fully developed Protospondyli, that is to say, they belong clearly to that large group of ‘‘ganoid” fishes which flourished chiefly during the Triassic and Jurassic periods, but de- clined rapidly, and is represented at the present day by only two fresh-water genera, Lepidosteus and Amia. From what ancient stock the Semionotidae and other Protospondli are descended we do not precisely know, but it may reasonably be inferred that the late Palaeozoic forerunners (Acentrophorus, ete.) of the higher suborder were derived from a modified type of chondrostean. Beyond this, when we inquire as to the origin of the Chondrostei themselves, we find but few facts for our enlightenment. Their origin is at least as ancient as that of the ‘‘frmge-finned ganoids,”’ but there is as yet no evidence of a genetic connection between the Chondrostei and cross- opterygians. Mnough, however, has been ascertained to show that already in the Trias and probably even earlier the divergence between chondrosteans and Protospondyli was strongly marked. SEMIONOTUS ELEGANS (Newberry). Plate 15, fig. 3. Ischypterus elegans NEWBERRY, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 14, 1888, p. 37, pl. 7, fiz. 2; pl. 10; fig. 1;) pl. 14, figs, 1,2. Ischypterus modestus NEWBERRY, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 14, 1888, p. 38, pl. 9, figs. 1, 3. The original specimens serving for the establishment of this species are now preserved in the American Museum of Natural History in New York. They are nearly complete fishes, but much crushed, and in becoming flattened their characteristic features have become ob- scured. A large-sized specimen, 17 cm. in total length, and more perfectly preserved than any other example of this species seen by the writer, is contained in the United States National Museum col- lection (Cat. No. 8109). Itis from the Trias of Boonton, New Jersey, and represented in my plate 15, figure 3. Genus LEPIDOTUS Agassiz. Syn. Prolepidotus Michael. Numerous species of this genus have been described, but many are imperfectly known. No indications of the genus have yet been re- ported from this country, with the exception of certain isolated scales from the Kiowa shales (Cretaceous) of Kansas. The following new species is regarded as standing in close relations with L. gallineke (Michael), from the Rhaetic of Upper Silesia. a no. 2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—BEASTMAN. 283 LEPIDOTUS WALCOTTI, new species. Plate 12, fig. 4; plate 13, fig. 3. An imperfectly definable robust species of moderate size, attaining a total length of about 30 cm., and exhibiting similar proportions as in L. minor and L. notopterus; apparently closely related to the Upper Triassic L. gallineki. Scales smooth, thick, deeply overlapping, not serrated; clavicle extremely massive; head parts and paired fins not observed; dorsal with about 15 stout rays. (Cat. No. 8119, U.S.N.M.) It is to be regretted that no complete imdividuals of this early representative of the genus have yet been discovered. The examples figured in the accompanying plates are the most perfect which are contained in the collection made by Doctor Walcott during his first work in connection with the United States Geological Survey. Al- though the collections were made more than 35 years ago by Doctor Walcott, in whose honor I have pleasure in dedicating the species, it does not appear that any other person has obtained fish remains from the Utah Trias, nor has any other species of Lepidotus been described from this country. Although fish remains were found by Doctor Walcott in considera- ble abundance in the Kanab section, no other fossil vertebrates were noticed by him. Besides Lepidotus, the only other genus that can be certainly identified among the remains is Pholidophorus, evidently of primitive character. A single saurian tooth, perhaps crocodilian, has also been recognized. This latter is significant in view of the fact that a Triassic saurian fauna has been found on the Little Colo- rado in Arizona, in the San Juan Valley, Utah, not far from the Colo- rado River, at various points in southwestern Colorado where Doctor Cross has been engaged in survey work for many years, and in the vicinity of Lander, Wyoming, where Dr. S. W. Williston has made collections. In the opinion of Doctor Cross, as stated to the writer in a personal communication, ‘‘the horizon exploited by Williston * in Wyoming is the same as that which furnished the vertebrates described by Lucas? in Arizona. The section made by Doctor Walcott in the Kanab Valley, Utah, was first published by Doctor Cross, as already remarked, in 1908. That part of it lying above the Permian is here introduced in order to show the relations of the beds which carry a vertebrate fauna. SECTION IN KANAB VALLEY, UTAH, MADE BY C. D. WALCOTT, 1879. Jurassic. Feet. 1. White Cliff sandstone, massive, cross-bedded, light gray, broken into five principal belts by horizontal lines of bedding.........--.--------------- 585 1 Williston, S. W. Notice of some new reptiles from the Upper Trias of Wyoming. Journ. Geol., vol. 12, 1904, pp. 688-697. 3 Lucas, F.A. Vertebrates from the Trias of Arizona. Science, vol. 14, 1901, p.376. A new batrachian and a new reptile from the Trias of Arizona. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, pp. 193-195. 284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 52, SECTION IN KANAB VALLEY, UTAH, MADE BY C. D. WALCOTT, 1879—continued. Triassic. Feet. 2. Vermilion sandstone; cross-bedded, friable, readily disintegrating, form- ing the foothills and slope to the more compact sandstones at the northern end of Vermilion; Clith Canyons. 3140. sonc -cateees- + ote eee eee 650 3. Gray and reddish-brown cross-bedded sandstone. Horizontal beds of varying thickness divide the mass into bands of from 25 to 100 feet in thickness oi dos acs tnis Toes deen se tedee ote ceee ee eee Bee ae 300 4. Evenly bedded red sandstones; upper portion an indurated, dark reddish- brown siratum; indurated layers alternate with more friable layers and Bhales bemes tha’ jal ajajs ja.ard o.nieng cyst afa's| ciara apaje hg Cyanine yeh bse peer ok a 120 5. Massive gray sandstone, cross-bedded; upper portion is a light-gray massive friable bed. The entire mass is subdivided into six principal beds by subhorizontal lines of bedding of a dark, more indurated sandstone. The beds are from 20 to 80 feet in thickness, and may be seen on many steep escarpments along the, cdnom. 2. 27). se sek eee ee Seta ee 310 6. Solid, partially cross-bedded sandstone, changing from gray to various Hhacdes’ Of Ted S10). 22322 icbies oje grcb eee Sos ae eee Ae 20 7. Evenly bedded, light-red sandstone with a thin layer of intercalated gray BAMCSLONC Si soe iter cee cae athena See et oe eee 20 8. Dark-red sandstone; massive layers alternating with shale, which disinte- grates and forms a sloping talus to the gray sandstone beneath.......... 180 9. Light-eray sandstonets: 5.0 b..o20- e725 bong! 3c: eater pee ee 5 10. Bedded sandstone of various shades of red and gray. The layers of sand- stone and their shaly partings are irregular in thickness. Scolithus bor- ings occur in great numbers in a friable yellow sandstone. Fragments of vegetable matter and carbonized wood also were seen........-...------- 230 11. Thin layers of sandstone, alternating with bands of fine argillaceous shale holding fish teeth and shellac.) oe s¢ls ac)- bh vetasiss spec bs Rae 25 12. Massive light-brown sandstone, broken up into thick layers..............- 50 13. Alternating layers of sandstone and fine argillaceous shales with fish teeth, OUC sete tre epetin s eeieieere eials erie a[cje cyeieysisje aes Oleetsiote ja Aearalavdvala o/aloraiatetateiateysteiete 25 A detailed section of 13 is as follows: a. Light sandy layers with shaly partings........................ 7 b. Fine, smooth, arenaceous and argillaceous shales, drab brown to red with fillets of green. A few fish scales were found ......... 6 c. Fine-grained, light-colored sandstone, 2 to 4 feet in thickness.... 4 ad; Same-as (b),.only more fossiliferous--..4-<2--bees2- te eae eee 8 14. Reddish-brown friable sandstone, broken into layers 1 to 6 feet thick, with shallyspartines: :h6 <3. sab cj2.d eeu. fs. Se lst aaa ee ee 120 15. Alternating bands of marls and shales, with layers of friable light and red- dish-brown sandstone: 22): 222 S25 b= (eet ae 70 16. Reddish-brown sandstone broken up into layers 2 to 7 feet in thickness with a stratum of stay’ sandstone’at the basec.+.2 22. .2se 22] oe eee ae eee 20 17. Arenaceous and earthy gypsiferous shales; marlites, purple, brown, bluish- green, and green, forming low, rounded foothills and slopes from the Ver- milion cliffs to the Shinarump conglomerate--.....-------...--.-----<- 650 18. Gray conglomerate and sandstone. Conglomerate formed of small, aga- tized pebbles and holding silicified wood........----------.<--e,es-+ 50 Total of-Triassic 222) 3)-c oases tases a cate ac eee en nee aera eee 2, 845 » no. 2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 285 F. FISHES OF THE JURASSIC SYSTEM. There are a number of well-preserved specimens of ganoid fishes in the collection from the Lias of Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire, the Lias of Holzmaden, Wiirttemberg, the Upper Jurassic Lithographic lme- stone of Solenhofen, and a few types, chiefly of Pholidophorus, des- cribed by the present writer from the Jurassic of the Black Hills, South Dakota. Some of the larger and more interesting specimens from Solenhofen (Squatina, Gyrodus, Aspidorhynchus, etc.) are to be seen on exhibition in the hall of fossil vertebrates. In contrast to the large and attractive specimens of the usual type with which we are familiar from the Solenhofen locality, two small forms, evidently juvenile, call for special notice, being in each case the only known example of the young of the species represented. These are described in the following paragraphs. Family ASPIDORHYNCHIDAE. The most recent discussion of the structural organization of typical members of this family is that of Paul Assmann, in the first volume Fig. 8.—ASPIDORHYNCHUS ACUTIROSTRIS AGASSIZ. UPPER JURA (LITHOGRAPHIC STONE), SOLENHOFEN, BAVARIA. LATERAL ASPECT OF CRANIUM, X} (AFTER P. ASSMANN. ang, ANGULARE; d, DENTARY; f, FRONTAL; iop, INTEROPERCULUM; j, JUGAL; J, LACHRYMAL; mM, MAXILLARY; meth, MESETHMOID; n, ROSTRUM; 0C. sup., SUPRAOCCIPITAL; Cp, OPERCULUM; Pp, PARIETAL; prd, PREDENTARY; prf, PREFRONTAL; prm, PREMAXILLARY; ptf, POSTFRONTAL; prop, PREOPERCULUM,; sang, SURANGULARE, sop, SUBOPER- CULUM. of Archiv fiir Biontologie, 1906 (pp. 51-79). It deals chiefly with the type species, A. acutirostris Agassiz (text fig. 8). The anatomy of the allied genus Belonostomus has been carefully investigated by Dr. Benjamin Vetter! and some well preserved examples belonging to the Carnegie Museum have recently been figured by the present writer.” 1 Vetter, B. Die Fische aus dem lithographischen Schiefer im Dresdener Museum. Mittheil. K6n. Min- eral.-Geol. Prehist. Museum Dresden, pt. 4, 1881. 2 Memoirs Carnegie Museum, vol. 6, Nos. 6 and 7,1914-15. The plates for these two publications, and also those for Memoir No. 5 of the same volume, were printed without proofs having been submitted to the author; and in the case of one of the illustrations, that of Squatina minor, the original drawing, which is misleading, was not prepared under his direction. 286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Genus BELONOSTOMUS Agassiz. BELONOSTOMUS TENUIROSTRIS (Agassiz). Plate 14, fig. 2. Aspidorhynchus tenuirostris AGAssiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. 2, pt. 2, 1833, pp. 14, 148, 297 Belonostomus tenuirostris WAGNER, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Cl., vol. 9, 1863, p. 691.—Vezrrer, Mittheil. K. Min.-Geol. Mus. Dresden, pt. 4, 1881, p. 85.—Eastman, Mem. Carnegie, Mus., vol. 6, 1914, Nos. 6, 7. The beautifully preserved example shown in plate 14, figure 2, is of interest for displaying an early growth stage in the young of this species. Its total length being a trifle under 14 em., it is much the smallest individual yet recorded. The rostrum appears relatively longer than in the adult, and extends for a relatively greater distance in advance of the presymphysial bone; thus proving that in this species, as is also true for Aspidorhynchus, the snout and mandible attain their full development at an early stage, subsequently increas- ing only in thickness. This condition was first noted by Vetter in the type species of Aspidorhynchus, and his observations on the jaws of that form are of sufficient interest to be quoted in this connection: Der Oberkiefer (mit Rostrum) ist hier wie dort aus denselben Elementen zusammen- gesetzt und im ganzen auch ahnlich gebildet, namentlich ist der Ausschnitt (échan- crure), in welchen der Unterkiefer hineinpasst und welchen Agassiz ausdriicklich als ausschliessendes Merkmal von Asp. hinstellt, auch bei Bel. vorhanden, wenn auch noch etwas mehr abgeflacht (was namentlich bei B. miinsteri der Fall zu sein scheint); jedenfalls entsteht er hier wie dort durch das Zusammentreffen von Maxillare und Intermaxillare unter sehr stumpfem Winkel und Ueberlagerung des Vorderendes des ersteren durch letzteres. Dagegen ist das Rostrum bei Asp. stets erheblich tiber die Spitze des Unterkiefers hinaus verliingert (beiden jungen Individuen verhialt auch die Lange des vorragenden Theils zur ganzen Linge, vom vorderen Orbitalrande anger- echnet, wie 2 zu 3, bei den alten wie 1:2,3 bis mindestens 1:2) und dicht vor derselben um ein Viertel seiner ganzen Linge tiber jene vorragt. Bei Asp. gliedert auch die relativ kurze Spitze des Unterkiefers als Praemandibel ab, bei Bel. liuft sie con- tinuirlich und sehr schlank aus und der obere Unterkieferrand bildet nur eine schwache Vorragung gegentiber dem ‘‘ Ausschnitt” des Oberkiefers. In the same connection the author describes the arrangement of scales on the flanks of Aspidorhynchus, and compares it with the con- ditions observed in Belonostomus, a character often difficult to trace in actual specimens. We quote also the following paragraphs: Es erscheint mir somit wohl zulissig, fiir alle Arten von Belonostomus eine ziemlich eleichartige Form und Anordnung der Schuppen anzunehmen, welche sich wesentlich durch Folgendes auszeichnet: 1) Die Schuppe der Seitenlinie ist durchaus am héch- sten. 2) Dariiber folgt eine mittelhohe Schuppe von im Groben halbkreisférmigem Umriss. 3) Ueber dieser sitzen nur noch eine oder héchstens zwei kleine dorsale Schuppen. 4) Unter der Seitenlinienschuppe schliesst such eine mittelhohe Schuppe mit beinah horizontalem Unterrand an. 5) Die erster der ausserordentlich niedrigen Ventralschuppen ist besonders hinten etwa doppelt so hoch als die folgenden. * no. 2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 287 Vergleicht man nun damit die fiir Aspidorhynchus typischen Verhiltnisse, welche aus zahlreichen Darstellungen hinlinglich bekannt sind, so stésst man auf folgende durchgreifende Unterschiede: 1) Die Seitenlinienschuppe erreicht héchstens die- selbe, meistens eine erheblich geringere Héhe als die darunter folgende. 2) Diese schneidet unten wie die erstere mit schiefem Rande ab. 3) Darunter folgt eine mit- telhohe Schuppe, deren hinterer Rand in der Regel linger ist als ihr Langsdurch- messer, und nun erst kommen die niedrigen Ventralreihen. 4) Die itber der Seiten- linienschuppe stehende Schuppe ist noch ansehnlich hoch und von regelmissigem Umriss. 5) Dariiber kommen mindestens 3 Reihen rhombischer, durchweg stark sculptirter Schuppen. The scale arrangement in the specimen in hand is not clearly dis- played. On the other hand the head bones, teeth of the maxillary and mandible, vertebral rings with their fused arches, and all of the fins, are distinctly visible. The dorsal fin comprises at least 10 rays, and the anal a larger number, apparently about twice as many. Formation and locality—Lower Kimmeridgian (Lithographic Stone); Solenhofen Bavaria. The figured specimen is catalogued as No. 23. Genus NOTAGOGUS Agassiz. This genus closely resembles Propterus, but differs in the non- elongation of the anterior rays of the dorsal fin, which are very widely spaced, and in the less deeply forked character of the caudal fin. NOTAGOGUS MINUTUS, new species. Plate 14, fig. 4. Founded upon a very small (5 cm. long), nearly complete fish, in which the proportions of head and trunk are very similar to those (Cat. No. 8379, U.S.N.M.) of N. inimontis Thiolliére, but with more slender form of body, the two portions of the dorsal less widely sep- arated, each consisting of about nine rays, and posterior border of scales smooth. This is one of the smallest known species of Notagogus, and it is probable that the unique specimen upon which it is founded is an immature individual. At the same time its characters appear toler- ably distinct, and as it cannot be identified as the young of any known form we are warranted in describing it as representing a separate species. Another small form accompanying the holotype in the same horizon is the recently described N. decoraius, in which the anterior portion of the dorsal comprises about 10 rays, all widely spaced with the exception of the first three. N. inimontis is known only from the Cerin locality in the ancient province of Bugey, France. Formation and locality—Lower Kimmeridgian (Lithographic Stone); Solenhofen, Bavaria. G. FISHES OF THE TERTIARY SYSTEM. A rich assortment of fossil fishes from the Green River Eocene of Wyoming and other western localities is contained in the collection, and among the number are included several important type speci- 988 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. mens. From the Miocene of Florissant, Colorado, quantities of Amy- zon remains, and from corresponding strata in Esmeralda County, Nevada, large numbers of Leuciscus skeletons have been added to the collection. There is also an abundant representation of Eocene and Miocene ichthyic remains from the Atlantic coast region, and from foreign Tertiary horizons mention should be made of a number of fine slabs from the Upper Eocene of Monte Bolea, in northern Italy. In the following pages some of Cope’s types which have not previously been figured receive attention, and two or three new species of Ter- tiary fishes are described. Family OSTEOGLOSSIDAE. This family, first appearing in the Eocene, is represented by sev- eral modern genera, two of which, Osteoglossum * and Arapaima, are found in South American rivers. Heterotis is a tropical African genus. The skull in this group has a distinctly primitive appearance, the superficial bones being thinly covered by skin and having a seulp- tured surface. The wide nasals, frontals, and parietals meet in the middle line, and the supraoccipital scarcely reaches the surface. Both the premaxilla and maxilla are toothed, and share in forming the mar- gin of the mouth; there is no supramaxilla. The suboperculum is small, often hidden behind the preoperculum, and likewise the inter- operculum (Goodrich). Genus DAPEDOGLOSSUS Cope. Syn. Phareodus Leidy (undefined). The largest and best known species of this genus is D. testis Cope, from the Green River Eocene of Wyoming, of which beautifully pre- served specimens exist in the United States National Museum, and in the American Museum of Natural History, New York. One nearly com- plete skeleton in the latter institution is instructive for having the bones of the skull partly dissociated and displayed to excellent advantage for study. It is catalogued as No. 4587. Through comparison with this specimen it has been possible to identify positively the isolated skull shown in plate 16, figure 1, as belonging to this species. This well-preserved cranium is the property of the United States National Museum (Cat. No. 4916), and has been carefully prepared so as to reveal the underside, freed from the matrix. Its primitive charac- ters are evident, and among surviving genera the resemblance is closest to Heterotis of tropical Africa. 1 For an investigation of the cranial osteology of this genus, see the following: Bridge, T. W. Oncertain features of the skull in Osteoglosswm formosum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1895, pp. 302-310.—Ridewood, W.G. On the cranial osteology of the fishes of the families Osteoglossidae, Pantodontidae, and Phracto- laemidae. Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 19, 1905, pp. 252-282. . no. 2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 289 Family GODNORHYNCHIDAE. This family, represented in the Upper Cretaceous by Charitosomus, and in the middle Eocene by Notogoneus, is known to have but one surviving species in the modern fauna. This is Gonorhynchus greyi, a specialized form which inhabits the seas off Japan, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. It has the head and body covered with small ctenoid scales, and carries a ventral barbel on the prolonged snout. The supraoccipital separates the parietals, the premaxilla HM’ 8PH D ow we wm wed aww en eo 4 Pp Ciasascasibs P 10P Fic. 9.—NoOTOGONEUS OSCULUS COPE. GREEN RIVER EOCENE; TWIN CREEK, WYOMING. DORSAL (A) AND LATERAL (B) ASPECTS OF CRANIUM, 3. (AFTER L. HUSSAKOF). ANG, ANGULAR; AR, ARTICU- LAR; D, DENTARY; HZ, ETHMOID; FR, FRONTAL; HM, HYOMANDIBULAR; JOP, INTEROPERCULUM; MtP, METAPTERYGOID; MX, MAXILLA; OP, OPERCULUM; PA, PARIETAL; PFR, PREFRONTAL; PMX, PREMAXILLA; POP, PREOPERCULUM; PSP, PARASPHENOID; PTER, PTEROTIC; Q, QUADRATE; SANG, SURANGULAR; SO, SUPRAOCCIPITAL; SOP, SUBOPERCULUM; SPH, SPHENOTIC; SY, SYMPLECTIC; VO, VOMER; X, COEEK-PLATE. articulates with the maxilla and excludes it from the margin of the small mouth. According to Smith Woodward the members of this family are related to the Scopelidae. Genus NOTOGONEUS Cope. Syn. Protocatostomus Whitfield. The type species of this genus is N. osculus Cope, from the Green River limestone of Wyoming, in size attaining a length of about 60 em. The general structure of the head in this species is indicated in the accompanying text-figure 9, taken from L. Hussakof,' who com- bined in the diagram details shown by three specimens preserved in the American Museum of Natural History. In plate 15, figure 2, is shown a young individual, which is the smallest known belonging to this species. It adds nothing to our 1 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 25, 1908, p. 83. 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——19 290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. knowledge of the species in displaying characters already observed, but it is interesting for the same reason that the young of other species are interesting to which we have called attention in the present article and figured in plate 14—namely, immature examples of Belonosto- mus, Notagogus, and Acanthurus (pl. 14, fig. 1) (the last from the upper Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy). These young individuals acquaint us with early growth stages of the several species in question, and enable us to compare the relative proportions of different parts at different periods in the life history for the species in question. The original of our plate 15, figure 2, is catalogued as No. 6037. Formation and locality Green River Eocene, Wyoming. Family CYPRINODONTIDAE. In this family, which includes forms of extremely small size, the mouth is protractile, teeth are present on the jaws and pharyngeals, but rarely on the palate; the palatoquadrate arch is more or less reduced; and the supraoccipital extends forward to the frontals, separating the parietals in the median line. Only two or three extinct genera are known with certainty. Modern forms are mostly confined to fresh waters, but a few are found in brackish water and on the seacoast. Genus GEPHYRURA Cope. In July, 1891, E. D. Cope published descriptions of five new species of fossil fishes from a supposed Lower Tertiary horizon in Ree Hills, South Dakota. Three of the forms were regarded as typical of new genera, which were named by the author Gephyrura, Proballostomus, and Oligoplarchus; the taxonomic relations of the first two being with the cyprinodonts, and of the last named with the percoids. The holotypes of these new genera and species are now preserved in the American Museum of Natural History and have recently been studied by the present writer. Although the type of Gephyrura was referred by Cope with some hesitation to the cyprinodonts, there does not appear to be the slightest doubt as to the correctness of this association; and the unique specimen available for study evidently stands in close relations with the new cyprinodont genus immediately to be de- scribed from the Lahontan beds near Hazen, Nevada. For conven- ience of referrence, however, we may first restate the specific char- acters of G. concentrica, as defined by Cope. GEPYRURA CONCENTRICA Cope. Gephyrura concentrica Corr, Amer. Naturalist, vol. 25, 1891, p. 654. Char. specif.—The only specimen is broken vertically across the middle, and the posterior half shifted so as to lie immediately below its proper position. It appears that little or no part of the fish has been lost. Radii, P. 9; D. 9; C. 6-16-8; A. II 11. » xo.2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 291 V. 1-6; vertebrae, 10-18. Scales in twelve longitudinal rows between dorsal and ventral fins, and equal in number to the vertebrae on the longitudinal line, or 28. Head covered with scales; five in a vertical line on the operculum. The dorsal, pec- toral, and ventral fins are rather small. The caudal fin is probably not much forked, ifatall. The orbit is large, but its outlines are not well preserved. The head enters the total length four and a quarters times to the base of the caudal fin-rays, and slightly exceeds the depth at the ventral fins. Total length, 61 mm.; length of head, 15 mm.; length to base of ventral fin, 24.5 mm.; length to base of anal fin, 30 mm.; depth at ventrals, 14 mm.; depth at caudal peduncle, 6 mm. Formation and locality Oligocene (?) Ree Hills, South Dakota. PARAFUNDULUS, new genus. A genus closely related to existing killifishes, and also to the ex- tinct Gephyrura, but distinguished from the latter chiefly by its smaller and less conspicuously marked scales, larger number of dorsal fin rays, and presence of a hypural bone. Caudal fin gethyrocercal. Type of the genus.—Parafundulus nevadensis, new species. PARAFUNDULUS NEVADENSIS, new species. Plate 16, fig. 2; plate 17; plate 18, fig. 3. A small form attaining a total length of about 5.5 cm., in which the length of the head and opercular apparatus is contained three and one-half times. Dorsal comprising 11 rays, supported by an equal number of interspinous bones, and inserted opposite a point midway between the pelvics and anal. Scales smali and thin, with fine concentric markings, crossed by a few inconspicuous radiating proximal striae. Hin formula: D.11;:C. 23; R. 10; V..9; P. 11-12. The specimen (Cat. No. 8120) selected as type of this species is photographed of the natural size in plate 16, figure 2, and a drawing of it is reproduced in plate 18, figure 3. It is the most perfect of several that were obtained in 1905 by Mr. N. H. Darton, in strata of very white clay near Hazen, Nevada, which have received the name of Lahonton beds. From the same locality a single species of stickle- back, known as Gasterosieus doryssus Jordan, was described almost simultaneously in 1907 by Drs. D. S. Jordan! and O. P. Hay? Be- sides the type several other examples of this species, shown in plate 17, were collected by Mr. Darton at the same locality, and are now preserved in the collection of the United States National Museum. The writer is indebted to his colleague, Mr. John Treadwell Nichols, of the American Museum of Natural History, for helpful suggestions in regard to comparing this form and its scale characters with the existing Fundulus. Formation and locality —Lahontan beds; near Hazen, Nevada. 1 Pub. Univ. Cal., vol. 5, 1907, No. 5, p. 181, figs. 25, 26; Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 52, 1910, p. 117. 3 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, pp. 271-273, figs. 1-3. 292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. eee ee ee ee Family CYPRINIDAE. Genus AMYZON Cope. This is an extinct genus related to modern suckers, but with a more extended dorsal fin. It is stated by Woodward to be “scarcely dis- tinguishable from Sclerognathus, but with pharyngeal bones expanded behind.” Mr. J. T. Nichols has pointed out to the writer that the Canadian species A. brevipinne approaches very closely to existing buffalo fishes of the genus Jctiobus; and Cope, in his description of Amyzon, has remarked upon its near relations with Bubalichthys. AMYZON BREVIPINNE Cope. Plate 19, figs. 1, 2. Amyzon brevipinne Corr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, p. 402.—LamBr, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, vol. 12, 1906, pp. 151-155, pl. 1. The type of this species was obtained from beds in British Columbia supposed to be of late Eocene or early Miocene age. It has never been figured, but one small specimen from Horsefly River, British Columbia, and another belonging to a different species (not of A. com- mune, however), have been described and illustrated by Dr. L. M. Lambe within recent years. To this species should probably be referred two specimens figured in plate 19, which were collected in 1910 by Mr. J. B. Umpleby from beds of supposed Lower Miocene age, near Republic, Washington. These are now the property of the National Museum, and are cata- logued as Nos. 81 and 8117. They are the largest and best preserved examples of this species yet brought to light. Genus LEUCISCUS Cuvier. LEUCISCUS TURNERI Lucas. Leuciscus turnert Lucas, 21lst Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1901, pt. 2, pp. 223- 224 plese. The holotype of this species (Cat. 4302a), and a large number of well-preserved specimens from the Esmeralda formation in western Nevada,-are contained in the United States National Museum collec- tion. The age of these beds is discussed by H. W. Turner in the Twenty-first Annual Report of the United States Geologicai Survey, 1899-1900 (part 2, pp. 203-205), and in the same volume (pp. 209- 220) the fossil plants occurring in this formation are described by F. H. Knowlton. Nothing can be added to our knowledge of the species beyond the information already contributed by Dr. F. A. Lucas.1. There may be compared with it, however, a specimen that apparently belongs to 12ist Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1901, pp. 223-224, and Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1900, pp. 333- 334, pl. 7. ow no.2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 293 his or a closely related species, from the Madison Valley, Montana, which is shown of slightly larger than the natural size on plate 18, figure 4. Mr. Earl Douglass, who collected a small number of fish remains from this locality, is of the opinion that the strata containing them is of Oligocene or Lower Miocene age. An undetermined spe- cies of Osmerus is apparently indicated by the original of plate 18, figure 5, from the same locality as the last. Both are preserved in the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh. In plate 19, figure 3, is shown an example of an undetermined cyprinodont species from the Tertiary of Mexico. Family SILURIDAE. Fossil representatives of this family are-uncommon, and for the most part imperfectly preserved. Fragmentary remains from the Lower Eocene have been assigned to Arius, and others from the Lower Miocene to Ameiurus. The undermentioned specimen is the only nearly complete example of the latter genus that has been discovered in the fossil state. Genus AMEIURUS Rafinesque. AMETIURUS PRIMAEVUS, new species. Founded upon a unique specimen without locality label, but as far as may be judged from the appearance of the matrix it would seem to have been derived from the Green River Eocene of Wyoming. Clearly related to the more generalized and representative genus of modern North American catfishes Ameiurus, it differs from all living species in its shorter anal, consisting of only 12 rays, and in this respect resembles the more specialized genus Leptops, known by a single species. It is shown in plate 20. The holotype of this species is a nearly complete skeleton having a total length to the base of the caudal fin of 21.5 cm., in which the length of the head including the supraoccipital process is contained three times. Head broad behind, not much contracted forwards; surface sculpture consisting of anastomosing rugae and pittings as in the recent A. catus; orbits small; fontanelle situated just before the origin of the supraoccipital process. Maximum breadth of head in its flattened condition equal to its length. Vertebrae 29 in number, with strong neural spines. Dorsal fin between the pectorals and ver- trals, with about six branched rays of moderate length (its spine broken away). Pectoral spines strong, smooth, less than half as long as the head. Ventrals with eight, anal with apparently not more than twelve rays. Rays of caudal fin mostly broken away, but the curved line formed by their articulation with hypural fin-supports indicating that the fin was rounded. (Cat. No. 8122, U.S.N.M.) This is an extremely interesting and well-preserved specimen, save that the caudal fin is for the most part lacking, and the dorsal has been folded under the neural spines and partly concealed by them. 994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 52, The supraoccipital process has been shifted slightly to one side of the anterior vertebrae, and was apparently not in direct connection with them. The relations are evidently very close with the existing A. catus, excepting as regards the smaller number of anal fin rays and nonserrate character of the pungent pectoral spines. With respect to the short-based anal fin, it may be said that although only a dozen rays are now visible in the specimen, a few more may have been pre- sent in advance of those now to be seen, but became lost or were cut away by careless trimming of the specimen along the ventral margin. In fact, one can almost certainly distinguish, although faintly, traces of a few interspinous bones in advance of the foremost anal fin ray now appearing in the specimen. At the most, however, we must admit that this fin was shorter than in existing species of Amewrus, but otherwise the differences are of but minor character. The latter observation appears the more remarkable if we accept the view as correct that the fossil before us is of Middle Kocene age. How closely Rhineastes, from the Green River Eocene, agrees struc- turally with modern species of Silurids, cannot be determined, as it is known only by fragmentary remains. But in the nearly complete skeleton which we are now considering we find evidence that the typical expression of the genus Ameiurus, as we know it to-day, was already attained in the early Tertiary, and has persisted unchanged ever since. Formation and locality.—Supposedly from the Green River Eocene of Wyoming. Family PERCIDAE. This family and the small one known as Aphredoderidae, now nearly extinct, are included in Doctor Gill’s superfamily Percoidea. The types of most of Cope’s species of Amphiplaga, Asinepos, Erisma- topterus, and Trichophanes, belonging to the Aphredoderidae, are pre- served in the collection of the United States National Museum. The nearly complete example of Trichophanes foliarum Cope, which has recently been figured by T. D. A. Cockerell,’ is the property of the American Museum of Natural History, and the types of Cope’s species of Mioplosus are divided between this institution and the National Museum. Fossil perches in the restricted sense of the term are represented in the Tertiary rocks of this country by the genera Mioplosus, Plio- plarchus, and Oligoplarchus. The first of these differs from Perca in having fewer vertebrae and a spineless operculum. It is known by several species in the Green River Eocene, of which the genotype, I. labracoides Cope, is the most common. Probably the so-called I. 1 Amer. Naturalist, vol. 42, 1908, p. 571. 2 For lists of specimens see the published catalogues of type and figured specimens belonging to these museums, already referred to. The parts dealing with fishes were published in 1907 and 1908, respectively. . no.2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 295 longus is only a young example of this form, the individuals of which show a considerable amount of variation. In plate 21 is shown a large (44 cm. long) and well-preserved specimen which may be referred to M. labracoides, notwithstanding the fact that it displays one abdominal and one caudal vertebra in excess of the normal number occurring in the type-species. The type of M. multidentatus Cope has not been figured. It is preserved in the American Museum of Natural History. Formation and locality Green River Eocene; Wyoming. Genus PLIOPLARCHUS Cope. This extinct genus, closely related to Mioplosus, is represented by three Lower Tertiary species, of which only one, P. whitei Cope, has been illustrated. The differences between this species, which is the type, and P. serspinosus, are stated to consist in the more numerous spinous, and jess numerous soft rays, of the dorsal and anal fins. In P. whitet the radial formula is: DUE 12*6-17-; A V—-14;"V- 4; P13. And in P. sexpinosus it is: D. X-13; C. -17-; A. VI-9. In P. septemspinosus the formula is given as: D. XI-?; A. VIL (?)-12. PLIOPLARCHUS SEXSPINOSUS Cope. Plate 15, fig. 1. Plioplarchus serspinosus Corr, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 25, 1883, p. 416; Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 3, 1884, p. 729. In the original description it is stated that “this species is repre- sented by two specimens, both of which lack the head and body an- terior to the dorsal fin.”’ These specimens are now in the United States National Museum collection, and one of them, marked “type,” is catalogued as No. 4236. It is from the Lower Tertiary, perhaps Miocene, near Sentinel Butte, in Billings County, North Dakota. A much more complete example, also from the type locality, is shown in our plate 15, figure 1. In it the anal fin is seen to have six spinous and twelve soft rays. Thespecimen bears the catalogue number 8118. Formation and locality —Miocene (2); top of Sentinel Butte, North Dakota. PLIOPLARCHUS SEPTEMSPINOSUS Cope. Plate 22. Plioplarchus septemspinosus Corr, Amer. Naturalist, vol, 23, 1889, p. 625. This species was established by Cope upon the evidence of four distorted and mutilated specimens from shales near Van Horn’s ranch, on the John Day River, Oregon, the strata whence they were 296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. obtained being supposed by Cope to be approximately equivalent to the Amyzon beds. The specific characters are thus diagnosed by the author: The mouth is small, and opens obliquely upward. Premaxillary and dentary teeth in several rows. Size larger than that of the P. whitei Cope, and the scales are less numerous and of larger size. The spinous rays are less numerous than in that species and the P. sexspinosus. Formula: D. XI.—?; A. VII—? 12; the soft anal rays at least 12, possibly more. Scales in five or six rows above the vertebral column and in 10 or 12 below it. Radiating ridges of proximal portion strong; disk and distal portion scarcely roughened. Caudal vertebrae, 15. The specimens are all too much injured to permit of complete measurements. The largest measures from the end of the muzzle to the base of the caudal fin 260 mm., and 90 mm. in depth at the vertical fins. The last dorsal spine measures36mm. A lateral dorsal scale is 6 mm. in length. Family CICHLIDAE (Chromidae). Known in the fossil state by a single Eocene genus, the numerous modern forms are tropical and subtropical fresh-water fishes. There is no ingrowth from the suborbitals formimg a suborbital shelf, no supramaxilla, and a suture divides the lower pharyngeals. Genus PRISCACARA Cope. This, the only known fossil genus, differs from all existing members of the family in the possession of vomerine teeth. Small, conical teeth are present along the margin in both jaws, and the preopercu- lum is serrated. According to Haseman,' there are six branchioste- gal rays. Of the seven species which have been described by Cope from fresh- water Tertiary formations in this country, the types of six are pre- served in the United States National Museum. ‘These species, ac- cording to Cope, fall into two sections. ‘In the first,” he writes, “the ventral spine is very strong, and there are but 10 or 11 soft dorsal radii: here belong P. serrata, P. cypha, P. oxyprion, and P. testudinaria. In the second, the first ventral spine is weak and slen- der, and there are 13 or 14 radii of the second dorsal fin; in this divi- sion belong P. hops, P. pealei, and P. clivosa. PRISCACARA DARTONAE, new species. Plate 23. A species of large size, attaining a total length of 28 cm. to base of caudal fin, in which the length of the head and opercular apparatus is contained two and three-fourths times. Maximum depth entering into total length 2.7 times. Dorsal contour strongly arched and fron- tal profile rising steeply to a point just in front of the origin of the dor. sal fin; the vertebral column arched anteriorly so as to be directed 1 Haseman, J. D. The relationship of the genus Priscacara. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 31, 1912, pp. 97-101. » no.2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 297 nearly parallel to the dorsal contour. Spinous rays of all the fins relatively weaker than in other known species, those of the dorsal fin not quite equalling the soft rays in length; pectoral fin rays when appressed against the ventral margin reaching to the anal; the latter having the second and third spines about equally developed. Ver- tebrae: 10 abdominal, and 15 caudal. Radial formula: D. XI.-11; A. III.-8; V. I-5. The holotype upon which this species is founded is a large (85 cm. long) and handsome specimen, excellently preserved, and remarkable for its steep facial profile and correspondingly increased depth of body as compared with other species. The vertebral column is also prom- inently flexed anteriorly, and the number of vertebrae is greater than in related species. The number of spinous rays in the dorsal fin is also greater by one than in either P. serrata or P. oxyprion, and the the number of rays in the anal fin the same as in these species. The spinous rays of all the fins are less robust than in any described species, and those of the dorsal fin are relatively shorter. In form of body this species stands in rather close agreement with P. clivosa Cope, which is smaller, and differs in fin characters and number of vertebrae. In other respects the new species shows considerable resemblance to P. oxyprion, in particular the number of anal and pelvic fin-rays bemg the same. One may say that it is intermediate in respect to the ma- jority of its characters between these two species, P. oxyprion and P. clivosa; and although attaining as large a size as the type-species, P. serrata, it is much less formidably armed. , Correlating with a weaker defense, it was probably of less active habits. The writer takes pleasure in naming this species in honor of his friend, Mrs. N. H. Darton, of Washington, who with her husband has collected fish remains from western Tertiary horizons. (Cat. No.2381, U.S.N.M.) To Mr. Darton the writer is indebted for the opportunity of studying the remains collected from near Hazen, Nevada (see p. 291, under Parafundulus) and from the Black Hills uplift of South Dakota. Formation and locality.—Green River Kocene, near Fossil,Wyoming. UNCERTAIN PLACE. Genus ISCHYRHIZA Leidy. The peculiar teeth first described by Leidy from the Cretaceous of New Jersey under this name, and since found in the Kocene of the Atlantic Coast region and in the Fox Hills Cretaceous of New Mexico, were conjectured by Cope to have belonged to teleost fishes, allied to the Esocidae. He also proposed that certain coalesced caudal ver- tebrae (‘‘hypural fans’’) accompanying the Cretaceous teeth and occurring also in the Hocene of Maryland and South Carolina, should 298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. be theoretically associated with the same genus. A somewhat dif- ferent view has been expressed by the present writer,’ who suggests that the Cretaceous fans may have belonged to Protosphyraena or some similar form, and that the Tertiary fans, which differ from the Cre- taceous in having the terminal centrum attached, properly belong to swordfishes. In accordance with this latter interpretation, the large fan which is shown in plate 16, figure 3, from the Phosphate Beds of South Caro- lina, may be provisionally assigned to Xiphias, and the detached tooth of 7. mira Leidy shown in plate 11, figure 2, from the Ripley Group (Cretaceous) near Dumas, in Tippah County, Mississippi, should be assigned to a different taxonomic position. Cope’s con- jecture that the teeth of Zschyriza indicate affinity with the Esocidae is accepted by O. P. Hay and others, and seems plausible. The type of I. mira, together with other specimens from New Mexico, are pre- served in the American Museum of Natural History EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PrateE 1. Heteracanthus uddeni Lindahl, p. 245. Head-spine, natural size. Devonian (Cedar Valley limestone); Johnston County, Iowa. PLATE 2. Fic. 1. Dinichthys tuberculatus (?) Newberry, p. 249. Dorsomedian plate, natural size. Devonian (Chemung); Warren County, Pennsyl- vania. Fia. 2. Sauripterus taylori Hall, p. 252. Naturally associated cranial roofing plates, natural size. Devonian (Catskill); near Blossburg, Pennsylvania. PLATE 3. Physonemus gemmatus (Newberry and Worthen), p. 263. Spine, X 3. Mississippian (Keokuk limestone); near Keokuk, Iowa. PuaTE 4. Physonemus gemmatus (Newberry and Worthen), p. 263. Spine, X }. Mississippian (Keokuk limestone); near Keokuk, Iowa. PLATE 5. Fias. 1 and 2. Physonemus arcuatus M’Coy, p. 264. Two spines natural size. Mississippian (Keokuk limestone); Keokuk, Iowa. Fie. 3. Physonemus gemmatus (Newberry and Worthen), p. 264. A much weathered, arcuate spine, naturalsize. Pennsylvanian; near San Saba, Texas. ee oy SR ae ee eee 1 Maryland Geol. Survey, Eocene, 1901, p. 111. Miocene volums, 1904, p. 93. » no. 2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 299 Fia. 4. Ctenacanthus gracillimus Newberry and Worthen, p. 261. Spine, natural size. Mississippian (St. Louis limestone); near St. Louis, Mo. Fias. 5 and 6. Oracanthus triangularis, new species, p. 268. Spine, natural size. Part of spine? X 3. Mississippian (St. Louis limestone); near Alton, Ill. PuaTte 6. Fic. 1. Edestus heinrichi Newberry and Worthen, p. 269. A large, well-preserved series of fused dental segments X }. Pennsylvanian; Appanoose County, Iowa. Fra. 2. Oracanthus vetustus Leidy, p. 267. Dorsal spine, X 4. Mississippian (Kinderhook); Le Grande, Iowa. PLATE 7. Harpacanthus procumbens, new species, p. 266. Fia. 1. Fin-spine, natural size. Mississippian (St. Louis limestone); St. Louis, Missouri. Erismacanthus maccoyanus St. John and Worthen, p. 265. Fics. 2, 3. Fin spines, natural size. Mississippian (St. Louis limestone); St. Louis, Missouri. Dicrenodus texanus, new species, p. 256. Fig. 4. Tooth, natural size. Pennsylvanian; near San Saba, Texas. Sauripterus taylort (?) Hall, p. 252. 5. (?) Basisphenoid, natural size. Devonian (Catskill); near Blossburg, Pennsylvania. Coccosteus, species, p. 246. 6. Antero-ventro-lateral plate, natural size. Devonian (Elbert formation); near San Juan, New Mexico. Ctenacanthus gracillimus Newberry and Worthen, p. 261. 7. Fin-spines, natural size. Mississippian (St. Louis limestone); St. Louis, Missouri. Psammodus plenis St. John and Worthen, p. 258. 8. A large-sized dental plate, natural size. Mississippian (St. Louis limestone); near St. Louis, Missouri. PLaTE 8. Polyrhizodus grandis, new species, p. 257. Figs. 1, 2. Dental plates, natural size. Mississippian (St. Louis limestone); near Alton, Illinois. 800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. aL se pS Ee fe ase a a A Deltodus occidentalis (Leidy), p. 260. Fic. 3. Dental plate, natural size. Mississippian (St. Louis limestone); near St. Louis, Missouri. Polyrhizodus concavus (St. John and Worthen), p. 257. 4. Dental plate, natural size. Mississippain (St. Louis limestone); near St. Louis, Missouri. Dipterus angustus (Newberry), p. 247. 5. Impression of dental plate, natural size. Devonian (Chemung); Bradford County, Pennsylvania. Chomatodus-ty pe of tooth, p. 257. 6. Associated with Polyrhizodus grandis. Natural size. Mississippian (St. Louis limestone); (?) near St. Louis, Missouri. Cladodus spinosus Newberry and Worthen, p. 254. 7. Tooth, natural size. Dinichthys pustulosus Eastman, p. 248. 8. Posterior process of dorsomedian plate, natural size. Upper Devonian; Johnson County, Iowa. PLATE 9. Elonichthys perpennatus Eastman, p. 275. Fia. 1. An incomplete example, natural size. Pennsylvanian; Mazon Creek, Illinois. Cheirodus orbicularis (Newberry and Worthen), p. 276. 2. A fairly well-preserved specimen, natural size. Pennsylvanian; Mazon Creek, Illinois. Elonichthys hypsilepis Hay, p. 274. 3. A nearly complete specimen, <4. Pennsylvanian; Mazon Creek, Illinois. Rhadinichthys gracilis (Newberry and Worthen), p. 274. 4. A well preserved small specimen, x}. Pennsylvanian; Mazon Creek, Illinois. Coelacanthus elegans (?) Newberry, p. 271. Frias. 5, 6. Two distorted incomplete skeletons, x #. Pennsylvanian; Mazon Creek, Illinois. Piate 10. Coelacanthus exiguus Eastman, p. 271. Fia. 1. A well-preserved example, x}. Pennsylvanian; Mazon Creek, Illinois. a no.2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 301 Seemann oh Serer ee Palaeophichthys parvulus Eastman, p. 272. 2. A specimen with the structural details impaired by oxidation, x. Pennsylvanian; Mazon Creek, Mlinois. Elonichthys hypsilepis Hay, p. 274. 3. Skeleton in nodule showing fin structure, natural size. Pennsylvanian; Mazon Creek, Illinois. Cladodus aculeatus, new species,p. 255. 4, A tooth, X#. Mississippian (Caney shale); Antlers Quadrangle, Oklahoma. Arthrodiran antero-ventro-lateral plate, p. 255. Fias. 5, 6. Two plates preserved in concretions, x $. Mississippian (Caney shale); Oklahoma. Series of naturally associated Lepidotid scales, p. 279. Fic. 7. Specimen, <3. Triassic, Kanab Canyon, Arizona. PLATE 11. Ceraspis carinata Schliiter, p. 242. Fre. 1. Dorsomedian plate, side-view, natural size. Middle Devonian; Eifel, Germany. Original in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Ischyrhiza mira Leidy, p. 298. 2. Tooth, natural size. Cretaceous; near Dumas, Mississippe. Coelacanthus elegans Newberry, p. 271. Fics. 3, 4. Two distorted examples, x 4. Pennsylvanian; Mazon Creek, Hlinois. PLaTE 12. Catopterus gracilis Redfield, p. 280. Fic. 1, Part of skeleton, including head with scales in place, 4. 2. A crushed example, <3. Triassic; Durham, Connecticut. Semionotus micropterus Newberry, p. 278. 3. Nearly complete specimen, X#. Triassic; Guilford, Connecticut. Lepidotus walcotti, new species, p. 283. 4, Patch of scale impressions, <3. Triassic portion of Shinarump group; Kanab Valley section, Utah. Astraspis desiderata Walcott, p. 238. Fics. 5, 6. Natural impression of body shield and plaster cast from same, X#. Ordovician (Harding sandstone of Black River); Canon City, Colorado, Fig. 1. Fig. Fic. Fia. he bo PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. PLATE 13. Catopterus gracilis Redfield, p. 280. Fish on slab of shale, x 3. Triassic; Guilford, Connecticut. . An incomplete specimen, X 3. Triassic; Durham, Connecticut. Lepidotus walcotti, new species, p. 283. . An incomplete individual, 32. Triassic portion of Shinarump group; Kanab Valley section, Utah, PLaTE 14. Acanthurus, species indeterminate p. 290. . Skeleton of young example, X#%. Upper Eocene; Monte Bolca, Italy. Original in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Belonostomus tenuirostris (Agassiz), p. 286. . Young individual, 4. Lithographic limestone, Solenhofen, Bavaria. Belonorhynchus (?) species, p. 281. . Specimen, X#. Upper Triassic; New South Wales. Notagogus minutus, new species, p. 287. . A complete skeleton on slab, <4. Lithographic limestone; Solenhofen, Bavaria. PuaTeE 15. Plioplarchus sexspinosus Cope, p. 295. Complete skeleton on slab, x %. Tertiary (Miocene); Top of Sentinel Butte, North Dakota. Notogoneus osculus Cope, p. 289. . Skeleton of young individual, x #. Eocene (Green River); Wyoming. Semionotus elegans Newberry, p. 278. . A complete skeleton on slab of sandstone, X %. Triassic; Boonton, New Jersey. PLaTE 16. Dapedoglossus testis Cope, p. 288. . Well-preserved cranium, #. Eocene (Green River); Wyoming. Parafundulus nevadensis, new species, p. 291. . Nearly complete individual, in white clay matrix, Xj. Tertiary (Lahonton beds); near Hazen, Nevada. » no. 2177. FOSSIL FISHES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—EASTMAN. 3038 RUNES he soo ee ee Xiphias? species, p. 298. 3. Hypural fan, natural size. Tertiary (Eocene beds); Coosa River, South Carolina. PruatE 17. Parafundulus nevadensis, new species, p. 291. A group of specimens, natural size. Tertiary (Lahonton beds); near Hazen, Nevada. PuateE 18. Cladodus aculeatus, new species, p. 255. Fig. 1. Teeth. Mississippian (Caney); Antlers Quadrangle, Oklahoma. Psephodus legrandensis Branson, p. 259. 2. Naturally associated dental plates of holotype. Mississippian Kinderhook; Le Grand, Iowa. Parafundulus nevadensis, new species, p. 291. 3. Drawing of skeleton figured in plate 16, figure 2. Tertiary (Lahonton beds); near Hazen, Nevada. Leuciscus (cf. L. turneri), p. 292. 4. Skeleton, natural size. Oligocene or Lower Miocene; Madison Valley, Montana. Osmerus (?) species, p. 293. 5. Skeleton. Oligocene or Lower Miocene; Madison Valley, Montana. Puate 19. Amyzon brevipinne Cope, p. 292. Fic. 1. Nearly complete skeleton, x4. 2. Skeleton lacking head portion, x4. Tertiary (Lower Miocene); near Republic, Washington. Cyprinodont, p. 293. 3. Example of an undetermined species, X 4. Tertiary; Mexico. PiaTE 20. Ameiurus primaevus, new species, p. 293. Nearly complete skeleton of holotype, <3. Eocene (Green River); Wyoming. Pirate 21. Mioplosus labracoides Cope, p. 295. A large well-preserved specimen, 4. Eocene (Green River); Wyoming. 804 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. nee one SS aaa PLATE 22. Plioplarchus septemspinsous Cope, p. 295. One of the type-specimens, <4. Miocene (?); Van Horn’s Ranch, on the John Day River, Oregon. PLATE 23. Priscacara dartonae, new species, p. 296. Complete skeleton of the holotype, X%. Eocene (Green River); near Fossil, Wyoming. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 1 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM HETERACANTHUS UDDENI. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 298, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 2 DINICHTHYS TUBERCULATUS AND SAURIPTERUS TAYLORI. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 298, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 3 PHYSONEMUS GEMMATUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 298. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 4 PHYSONEMUS GEMMATUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 298. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 5 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PHYSONEMUS ARCUATUS, P. GEMMATUS, CTENACANTHUS GRACILLIMUS, AND ORACANTHUS TRIANGULARIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 298 AND 299. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 6 EDESTUS HEINRICHI AND ORACANTHUS VETUSTUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 299. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 7 in eal oy wale Witz HARPACANTHUS PROCUMBENS, ERISMACANTHUS MACCOYANUS, DICRENODUS TEXANUS, SAURIPTERUS TAYLORI, COCCOSTEUS, SPECIES, CTENACANTHUS GRACILLIMUS, AND PSAMMODUS PLENIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 299, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 Bi rt?) i Peat bah) 1) KARR LT ita Sy HON ri a Merl oy Mth N77, // fh } i) | \ pb \}\ ti Wi ay ‘ | | | H iD MH i POLYRHIZODUS GRANDIS, DELTODUS OCCIDENTALIS, POLYRHIZODUS CONCAVUS, DIP- TERUS ANGUSTUS, POLYRHIZODUS GRANDIS, CHOMATODUS, SPECIES, CLADODUS SPINOSUS, AND DINICHTHYS. PUSTULOSUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 299 AND 300. ee ie ee a a. | hl 6 ere eee ir =. - — 2. = U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 9 ELONICHTHYS PERPENNATUS, CHEIRODUS ORBICULARIS, ELONICHTHYS HYPSIPLEPIS, RHADINICHTHYS GRACILIS, AND COELACANTHUS ELEGANS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 300. a. =a 7 4 ls 6 a Cl Ne ee ee Pk ee U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 10 COELACANTHUS EXIGUUS, PALAEOPHICHTHYS PARVULUS, ELONICHTHYS HYPSILEPIS, CLADODUS ACULEATUS, ARTHRODIRAN PLATES, AND LEPIDOTID SCALES. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 300 AND 301. a PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM AND COELACANTHUS ELEGANS. ISCHYRIZA MIRA, y CERASPIS CARINATA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 301, PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 12 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM LEPIDOTUS WALCOTTI, AND ASTRASPIS EMIONOTUS MICROPTERUS CATOPTERUS GRACILIS, S DESIDERATA FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 301 i; aan. 2a lLDlUuwe Ola 13 PE. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM CATOPTERUS GRACILIS, AND LEPIDOTUS WALCOTTI. E PAGE 302, FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SE PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 14 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ACANTHURUS, SPECIES, BELONOSTOMUS TENUIROSTRIS, BELONORHYNCHUS (?) SPECIES, AND NOTAGOGUS MINUTUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 302. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 15 Sa] 7 ais ee te Se, uaa ee aye PLIOPLARCHUS SEXSPINOSUS, NOTOGONEUS OSCULUS, AND SEMIONOTUS ELEGANS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 302. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 16 DAPEDOGLOSSUS TESTIS, PARAFUNDULUS NEVADENSIS, AND XIPHIAS?, SPECIES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 302 AND 303. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 17 PARAFUNDULUS NEVADENSIS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 303. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 18 cee See So CLADODUS ACULEATUS, PSEPHODUS LEGRANDENSIS, PARAFUNDULUS NEVADENSIS, LEUCISCUS, AND OSMERUS (7?) SPECIES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 303. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 19 AMYZON BREVIPINNE, AND CYPRINODONT. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 303, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 20 AMEIURUS PRIMAEVUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 303. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 21 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM | ! "€0E 3DVd 33S 3lV1d AO NOMLWNV1dx3 HOF *Saqgiooveav1 SNSOIdOIW U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 22 \ PLIOPLARCHUS SEPTEMSPINOSUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 304. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 23 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “pO 3DVd 3aS ALlvid 4O NOILWNV1dXx3 HO4 “AVNOLYVG VYEVOVOSIEYd “« MONOGRAPH OF THE NEARCTIC HYMENOPTERA OF THE GENUS BRACON FABRICIUS, By Harotp Morrison, Of the Federal Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C. INTRODUCTION. The following paper gives the results of a portion of the work done on a collection of insects of the subfamily Agathinae of the family Braconidae. Under the existing circumstances it has not been found possible to go over the whole of the collection, nor to put into com- pleted form more than the monographic classification of this one genus. The collection from which specimens were examined was obtained from the following sources, mostly through the kindness of Prof. J. C. Bradley of Cornell University, under whose direction the work was started; the greatest number came from the United States National Museum, about 1,000 specimens belonging to this subfamily being obtained there; the next largest collection came from the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia, but unfortunately none of these have been available for final examination. In addition, speci- mens were obtained from the Cornell University collection, the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, Prof. C. T. Brues of Bussey Institu- tion, Mr. C. W. Johnson of the Boston Society of Natural History, Mr. W. M. Mann of Bussey Institution, and Mr. Nathan Banks. In addition to expressing my appreciation of the kindness of the United States National Museum authorities in charge of the insect collections and of the above-mentioned gentlemen, I also wish to thank Professor Bradley for many suggestions during the early part of the work which was started at Cornell University, Dr. Henry Skinner for permission to examine the Cresson types in the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, and Prof. V. L. Kellogg for many ideas regarding the basis upon which species limits should be deter- mined. The drawings accompanying the paper were made by Mr. C. H. Kennedy. Most of the work was done in the entomological laboratory of Stanford University. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 52—No. 2178. 65008°—Proec.N.M.vol.52—17——20 305 306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. SUBFAMILY AGATHINAE. The following characters, taken from the papers of Szepligeti and Ashmead, will show what forms are to be included here: Abdo- men inserted at the apex of the propodeum between the hind coxae; mandibles, when closed, with their tips touching or crossing, not forming a rounded opening in conjunction with a semicircularly emarginate clypeus; abdomen subsessile, the dorsum showing the usual sutures, except between the second and third tergites; radial cell very narrow, and not approaching the tip of the wing, the second cubital cell (areola) very small, or wanting in some cases; eyes not hairy. The very small or missing second cubital cell, and the nar- row radial cell, with the radial vein running parallel or almost parallel to the margin of the stigma, are the most easily recognized and most distinctive characters. In the older classifications, best presented by that of Marshall, this subfamily was included with the Micro- gasterinac in the group Areolarini of Wesmael, but the last two general classifications, that of Ashmead (1900) and Szepligeti (1904), present the subfamilies without attempting to group them in higher units. Twenty-five known genera are recognized by Szepligeti, while he gives five additional, which contain no described species or are not recognizable. Since the publication of his paper some five or six new genera have been described, while of this number, 10 genera have been reported or described from the United States. Species belong- ing in the subfamily have been recorded from all of the larger land areas of the earth, and from some islands, as Hawaii and the Philip- pines. At present a majority of the known species are from the Palearctic and Nearctic regions, but it seems probable that a more thorough collection throughout the world will show that the species are most abundant in tropical regions. It is obvious, even from the limited study which I have made of the different species included in this subfamily, that a revision of the genera is greatly needed. The one character to which most importance has been attached since the beginning of attempts at classi- fication, the shape and appearance of the head when viewed from in front, is easily shown to be of little or no value generically, if any con- siderable series of species is examined, although it seems to be useful for specific determination, and is somewhat characteristic in certain genera. However, it is impossible to draw any distinguishing line, based on this character, between the genera Agathis and Bassus ( Microdus), as they are at present recognized in this country, although Forster, followed by Ashmead in his classification of the Ichneumon Flies, divided the subfamily into two tribes, the Agathidini, with the head as viewed from in front shaped as an elongate isoceles triangle, and the Microdini, with the head short and forming an equilateral! * No. 2178. THE GENUS BRACON FABRICIUS—MORRISON. 307 triangle. The more recent classifications, particularly that of Szepligeti, make no attempt to group the genera into units of higher rank. It is necessary to discuss a recent change in synonomy, given by Viereck in his paper on the Type Species of the Genera of Ichneumon Flies,! in order to make clear the use of a certain generic name which has long been associated with another group of parasitic Hymenop- tera. This change of name is taken from Viereck’s paper referred to above, as I have not had access to Curtis’s British Entomology to verify Viereck’s conclusions. Fabricius described the genus Bracon in his Systema Piezatorum in 1804, page 102, with a number of included species. Curtis in his British Entomology (1825), No. 69, designated the species described as Ichneumon desertor by Linneeus, and included in Bracon by Fabri- cius, as the type of the genus Bracon. Not until 1862 did Férster? designate Bracon minutator Fabricius as the type of Bracon, and so establish the present-day conception of the genus. In the same paper (p. 246) Férster established the new genus Cremnops and included the single species Agathis deflagrator Nees, which is the same species as Ichneumon desertor Limeus. From this it is clear that the genus name Bracon will have to be applied to those species at present included in the genus Cremnops, and that Cremnops Férster is a synonym of Bracon Fabricius. It is extremely unfortunate that taxonomic work on the parasitic hymenoptera should be still further complicated in this fashion, but there seems to be no other alternative if the International Code of Nomenclature is followed. GENUS BRACON FABRICIUS (CREMNOPS FORSTER AND OF AUTHORS). The following characters, not all of which, however, are distinctive, will serve to indicate the species belonging to this genus: Head elongate, at least nearly as long as wide, strongly produced below the eyes, and much narrowed towards the labrum; malar space varying from a little shorter to a little longer than the height of the eyes; antennae placed in large pits, with two distinct, more or less platelike projections between them, and with a ridge bordering the upper surface of each pit, at least for part of the distance between the compound eyes and the lateral ocellus on each side; ocelli arranged in a nearly equilateral triangle; antennae elongate, black, except in immature specimens, more than 35-segmented; labrum at least nearly as long as wide, its lower edge margined by a more or less dis- tinct ridge; mandibles curved inwards, the tips bidentate, the inner tooth shorter than the outer; maxillae and labium united and elongated to form a distinct beak, the segments of both maxillary and labial —— 1U.5S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 83, 1914. 2Verh, naturh. ver. preuss. Rheinland, vol. 19, 1862, p. 235. 308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. palpi elongate; apex of the pronotum with large deep pits on each side of the middle line, these united in one species; mesonotum with well-developed parapsidal furrows, these often crenulate, at least in the middle, the median lobe distinctly grooved longitudinally, the lateral lobes more or less flattened; hind angles of the mesoscutum usually produced into a vertically compressed plate, fingerlike in one species; mesopleural furrow present, varying in size and shape; propodeum coarsely areolate, with three longitudinal ridges on each side; spiracles of the propodeum oval; wings fuliginous, the second cubital cell (areolet) four-sided, never triangular; legs long, rather slender, middle tibiae usually, hind tibiae always, with one or more spines at the apex; at least the fore, usually the intermediate, and often the hind tarsal claws cleft, if not cleft then broad and long- toothed at the base; abdomen elongate, first segment long and usually slender; ovipositor in general about as long as the abdomen, sometimes a little shorter; colors, black, and various shades of red, running to yellow. The genus as defined above includes 12 recognizable species from America north of the Mexican border, of which number only one was originally described as belonging in the genus, while two have been transferred from the genus Agathis, and nine are described as new. The specimens available for examination show that the species are widely distributed over the whole of the United States, and it seems probable that only lack of collections is responsible for the meager Canadian records. EXTERNAL ANATOMY. The following rather brief account of the external anatomy, based largely on a study of B. vulgaris, will make clear some of the struc- tural characteristics not fully discussed in the specific descriptions: Head.—The head is hypognathous, transverse, and strongly pro- duced below the eyes, usually longer from the apex of the clypeus to the top of the lateral ocelli than the extreme width through the com- pound eyes. The compound eyes are of medium size, varying from a little longer to a little shorter than the malar space, oval in shape, with the back side flattened, as viewed from the side, semicircular in outline with the inner side somewhat curved as viewed from above, and half oval with the inner side slightly curved as viewed from in front. They approach most closely to each other at a point a little below the antennal pits. The upper portion of the vertex is rounded into the occiput behind and the face in front, except in the middle, where it is strongly excavated on each side to form two pits for the reception of the antennae. The lateral ocelli are placed on the apex of the vertex, usually a little closer to each other than to the margins of the compound eyes, and from them each antennal pit slopes > No. 2178. THE GENUS BRACON FABRICIUS—MORRISON. 309 steeply, almost vertically downwards to the insertion of the antenna. Between the antennal insertions are a pair of triangular or almost platelike projections, separated along the median line by a triangular cr rounded groove, and with their front edges in the same plane as the face, rounded off at the apex, and extending backwards between the antennae as a pair of small ridges which may reach the lower edge of the median ocellus. This median ocellus is placed on the sloping surface of the vertex, and approximately as far from the lateral ocelli as they are from each other. The median ocellus is circular in outline, while the two lateral ocelli have the inner front margins some- what flattened. All of the ocelli are placed on slight elevations, and the vertex is more or less swollen between the lateral ocelli, the elevation in some cases approaching the appearance of an obsolete, very short, longitudinal ridge. A more or less distinct marginal ridge runs along the lower border of each antennal pit to where this border turns upwards parallel to the eye margin, while from here on, at least, the ridge is distinct and nearly always swells into a low arch which is most prominent opposite some point on the median ocellus, as the lower margin, the upper margin, orthe middle. From the highest point the ridge decreases in height gradually until it reaches the lat- eral ocellus on its side, or in some cases until it becomes obsolete some distance from the lateral ocellus. The head tapers rapidly behind the eyes, and the occiput is strongly emarginated. In all normal specimens the whole of the vertex, the occiput, and the head behind the eyes, and usually the cheeks are shining and often appear polished, while the punctuation, and with it the hairi- ness, varies from quite dense to wholly lacking over the various parts mentioned. Usually there is a distinct fringe of hairs, most notice- able in front and below, surrounding the compound eyes. The face proper extends from the antennal fossae to the clypeal foveae, two small deep pits located diagonally below and inside the lower corner of each eye. Even cleared specimens show no transverse suture separating the face from the clypeus, and for purposes of description I have taken the face as extending from the antennal pits to the tip of the clypeus. The face is nearly always triangularly flattened below the antennae, the flattened area starting near the outer lower angle of each fossa, and coming to a point on the median line of the face not far below the interantennal plates. A more or less distinct eroove runs from between the interantennal plates to the lower end of this flattened area. The largest and most closely placed punctures found on the head are located on this flattened surface and on the face on each side of it. Nearer the sides the punctures become smaller until the malar space and at least the lower portion of the clypeus are rather finely punctate. From each clypeal fovea a suture, superfici- ally often whoily obsolete, runs to the lower corner of the head on 310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. each side. ‘The head bulges more or less behind the eyes, depending on the species, and the whole hinder surface is cut out for about the lower two-thirds of its length for the attachment to the thorax, and principally for the reception of the elongated beak, which roughly resembles that found in the long-tongued bees. The antennae are elongate, longer than the head and thorax, slender, black in all maturely colored specimens, thickest at about the fifth to seventh segments, tapering apically to a point. The number of segments found in the antennae varies from 35 to 45. The first segment or scape (these two terms being used indiscriminately in the specific descriptions) is small at its base, but much swollen above and somewhat flattened, with the apical margin usually rounded but produced into a small blunt tooth in one species. The second segment is small and about the same diameter as the flagellum. Both of these segments are smooth and shining and sparsely punctured and hairy. The remaining segments of the flagellum are cylindri- cal, slightly constricted in their middle, dull, distinctly striate longitudinally, and closely covered with short, stout, decumbent hairs. The terminal segment is oval in shape with the apex pointed, sometimes indistinctly separated from the preceding segment, and the terminal segments show a more decided intersegmental constriction than do the basal ones. The labrum is attached to the lower end of the clypeus in such a way that it is slightly less prominent than the face. It is straight in profile, but strongly arched transversely, and varies from distinctly narrower than long to slightly wider than long. Typically the whole outline is curved from the narrow attachment at the top to the tip. Sometimes the apical margin is nearly straight for a short distance on each side of the middle line, while in one species the sides appear to be nearly straight for a little way, and usually the margins from the rounded lateral sides to the attachment to the clypeus are straight or almost straight. The lower border is more or less raised to form a low marginal ridge which fades out on the sides. The whole surface of the labrum is shining and usually smooth, although in many cases the punctures are large enough to break up the smooth appearance. The punctation, and with it the hairiness, is sparse, but the hairs are relatively long. The coloration is variable, although usually the same as that of the face. The mandibles are strongly curved inward near the apex, sharp pointed, and with a large tooth inside near the tip. They are triangular in section near the middle, with the outer side slightly rounded off and the base enlarged, while compared with other members of the subfamily they are relatively narrow. Usually they are pale except for the extreme tips, but in some species they are wholly dark. ' No. 2178. THE GENUS BRACON FABRICIUS—MORRISON. out The beak is made up of the two maxillae and the labrum, which are united to each other by membranes. All of the parts are elon- gated, particularly the sclerites of the maxillae. The relative thick- ness and length of the maxillary and labial palpi vary in the different species, but not greatly enough to be of value for identification, An idea of the general appearance of the beak may be obtained from plate 25, figures 4 and 5. With the possible exception of the labrum, none of the mouth parts appear to show any variations large enough to be considered as of use in distinguishing species. Thoraz.—The thorax is somewhat longer than high, compressed, and about as wide as the head. The pronotum is very narrow in front and widens out on each side into a triangular lobe reaching back to the tegula and downwards to the insertion of the fore coxae. Typically there is a pair of small oval pits, each tapering to a point below and surrounded by a more or less distinct ridge, which continues downward to the front margin of the lobe, on each side of the median line and separated from each other by a distance about equal to the length of one pit. These pits are deepest at the top and gradually become shallower and narrower below, while they are connected by a more or less distinet suture which is either curved or obtusely angled toward the cephalic margin of the pronotum on the median line. In one species these apical pits are replaced by a large deep transverse groove. The hinder, lower, and front margins of the pronotal lobes are elevated to form a narrow ridge running from the spiracle below the tegula on one side around to that on the other. The front margin of each lobe is interrupted a little above its middle by the intrusion of the carina from the pronotal pit, this ridge bemg much more prominent than the one bordering the lobes. The face of each lobe is depressed along a straight line running from the apical pits to the lower corner of the lobe in such a way that the whole hinder por- tion of the lobe forms one face of the very flat groove and the cephalic border flares sharply to form the other face, this depression being for the reception of the fore femora. A shallow crenulate groove parallels the hind border, separating a narrow strip from the main portion of the lobe. The dorsal surface of the pronotum is punctured as is the front border of each lobe, while most of the central portion is smooth and not punctured, although this varies according to the species. There is a band of fine punctures along the upper border, while the narrow strip behind the crenulate groove is closely and densely punctured, as is the lower angle of each lobe. The epimera of the prothorax are completely hidden by the pronotal lobes, and they are separated from the proepisternum of each side by a sharp ridge which lies against and fits closely to the marginal ridges of the pronotal lobes. The episterna are elongate narrow lobes, apparently united S12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. above just below the attachment of the head, then distinctly but very narrowly separated and once more apparently united before they attach to the small prosternum which is a depressed triangular piece seemingly wedged in between the apices of the two episternal lobes. The surface of the prosternal lobes usually appears to be rather closely covered with long, somewhat decumbent hairs, all directed downward, sometimes giving a silvery appearance. A close examination of the surface of the lobes shows that the punctures in which these hairs are inserted are large enough to break up its smooth- ness and to give it a roughened appearance, although the extent of this appearance varies with the species and even within the species. In all of the species examined the large lobes end in smooth, highly polished and, at most, finely punctate areas, which flare out laterally to meet the tips of the pronotal lobes. The mesonotum is elongate, strongly narrowed in front, and much higher than the pronotum. In all of the members of the genus the parapsidal furrows are well developed, and in many of them they are crenulate for at least a part of their length. The parapsidal furrows are usually straight or almost straight, although they frequently become wider and shallower behind and seem to curve toward each other just as they meet at a variable distance before the scutellar fossa, while a more or less distinct depression runs from their junction to the scutellar fossa. These furrows divide the mesonotum into three distinct lobes, the praescutum of the meso- thorax, usually termed the median or middle lobe in descriptions, and the two parts of the mesoscutum, termed the lateral lobes. The somewhat oval or oblong tegulae are located just below the widest portion of the mesonotum. The lateral lobes are narrowed behind, and then continued straight backwards till they end opposite the hind wall of the scutellar fossa, typically in a sharp, high vertical ridge which is continuous with that running along the whole margin of the mesoscutum and which runs downward and outward ending near the caudal portion of the attachment of the forewing. The surfaces of all three mesonotal lobes are sparsely punctured and hairy, although the extent of this varies according to the species. The scutellar fossa is large and deep, oblong in shape and closed at each end by a wall approximately equal in height to the surfaces it joins, The hinder wall is nearly vertical but the front wall may vary from nearly vertical to strongly sloping forward. The fossa is always bisected by a high carina longitudinal to the body, while there are a varying number of smaller or almost obsolete carinae parallel to this on each side of it. The scutellum is roughly triangular in shape, tapering behind, with the sides and apex strongly rounded off, and with the hinder, nearly vertical, face slightly elevated to form a more or less distinct, broad, transverse band, which is narrowest at the a ’ NO. 2178. THE GENUS BRACON FPABRICIUS—MORRINSON, 813 median line. Below the rounded-off dorsal margins of the scutellum the sides form flattened, depressed, vertical faces, which are usually highly shining, and may be vertically ridged. The mesopleura form a five-sided, nearly flat area on each side of the thorax, running downwards and backwards from below the attachments of the fore- wings. Hach is separated from the metapleurum by a smooth diag- onal suture, while an incomplete, sometimes shallow, at least partially crenulated groove is all that separates the pleurum of each side from the venter, and it appears doubtful if it always represents the rem- nant of a suture. A strongly crenulated furrow parallels the hind margin of the pleurum for nearly all of its length, separating a rela- tively narrow band from the main portion, and this band appears to be all that is left of the epimeron of the mesothorax. A strip along the front margin, widening out strongly above, but variable in width according to the species, is slightly but sharply elevated above the rest of the mesopleurum. Usually this area is more closely punctate than the disk of the pleurum which is sparsely punctate and hairy. A sharp crenulated ridge runs along the lower part of the front margin of each pleurum and continues around the same margin of the venter. The pleura and sternum are sharply truncate below in front, with the space thus formed curving backwards and downwards from the prothorax and receiving the fore coxae. The two halves of the sternum are rounded off on the sides, and separated medially by a sharp crenulate furrow. The venter is usually much more closely punctured and more hairy than the pleura, but there is no distinct line of demarcation between the two areas as regards frequency of punctuation. The metanotum is a transverse plate, curving forwards on each side, with each outer hind angle rounded into a flat lobe, excavated on each side of the middle, and still more just inside of the attach- ment of the hind wings, while in the middle there are three high car- inae which meet medially near the caudal margin of the metanotum. Two of these carinae run backwards on each side of the middle from the cephalic margin to form a triangular or nearly semicircular in- closure with its base forward, and the third ridge runs steeply, some- times vertically, downwards until it almost meets a corresponding ridge of the propodeum, leaving a deep notch between the metanotum and the propodeum. The metapleura are roughly triangular in shape with the sharpest angle pointing forward. They show no traces of sutures separating the episternum and epimeron on each side, but there is a deep, very coarsely crenulate, nearly vertical, furrow run- ning downwards from the suture between metanotum and propodeum and dividing the surface into two areas, the cephalic one long, tri- angular, with the base above and the apex just above the insertion of the middle coxa, and the caudal one occupying the remainder of 314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. the pleurite, bounded above by the lateral propodeal carina, and drawn out below into an apically-pointed lobe above the middle coxa. The cephalic lobe varies somewhat in relative width according to the species, and its surface is smooth and sparsely punctured and hairy, but it has been almost completely ignored in specific descrip- tions, the references to punctuation and areolation concerning the hinder lobe only. This lobe has the disk shining and sparsely punc- tured and hairy, the whole margin more or less strongly crenulate, and anywhere from the narrow lower margin to the lower two-thirds of its surface roughened and irregularly areolate. The metasternum is hidden by the enlarged hind coxae. The propodeum is nearly horizontal above, and usually gradually rounded off behind, although sometimes the two faces meet in a sharp angle, and the hinder face is even concave in some cases. The dorsal surface is coarsely and more or less regularly areo- lated, the main ridges consisting of three longitudinal ones on each side, the two median meeting before and behind, sometimes curving together, sometimes forming a pair of elongate isoceles triangles with the bases together, the form of the pair varying with the species, and even somewhat in the species. The outer ridge on each side forms a boundary between the metapleurum and the pro- podeum. ‘The ridge between the inner and outer ridges varies in its relative distance from the two, and is connected with them by a vary- ing number of more or less prominent transverse ridges, while the two median ridges are usually joined by a number of prominent transverse carinae. There is a decided tendency, particularly in the males of some species, for the areolations to break down almost com- pletely, and to leave a set of incomplete, twisted and curved, and often indistinct ridges. The surface of the propodeum is usually shining and hairy, at least on the sides, the hairs coming from obscure punctures. The depressions between the ridges are often roughened and irregularly wrinkled. The propodeal spiracle is large, oval, or oblong, placed diagonally with reference to the median line of the body, and located between the second and third longitudinal ridges on each side, usually in a shallow depression of the surface, although the spiracle itself is quite prominent by reason of the strongly elevated rim surrounding it. Wings.—The wings are always darkened in the species of this genus and are usually fuligmous, with a few lighter spots as follows: In the forewings, with a lighter streak just behind the costal vein, and an- other just in front of the anal vein, with a small irregular area just behind the base of the stigma, and another beyond the point where the discoidial and first recurrent veins branch apart. The dark brown color of the veins is interrupted at the lower end of the trans- verse medial vein (nervulus), above the middle of the first recurrent ’ No. 2178. THE GENUS BRACON FABRICIUS—MORRISON. oD vein, at the junction of the first transverse cubital vein with the cubi- tal vein, and at the lower end of the second transverse cubital vein. The whole surface of the wing is sparsely clothed with short, rather stout hairs, while there is a marginal fringe of stout hairs along the costal vein and the stigma. The terminal section of the cubital vein, the subdiscoidial vein (nervus parallelus of Szepligeti), and nearly all of the median vein are lighter in color than the rest of the veins and also appear to be much less developed. The hind wings are similar to the forewings in coloration and extent of hairiness. I have not been able to determine with entire satisfaction the homologies of the venation according to the Comstock-Needham system, so I have used the older terms for the various veins and cells. The drawing of the wings will serve to show the arrangement of the venation, which seems to be quite constant for the genus. The first cubital and first discoidial cells are always united, although the base of the cubital vein is more or less developed; the areolet or second cubital cell is always four sided, and often approaches a parallelogram in shape, although usually the first transverse cubitus is more diagonal than the second. Legs.—The legs are elongate and slender, with the hind pair distinctly but not prominently larger than the others. The coxae are roughly conical in shape, and have the plainly two-segmented trochanters attached to their extremities. The femora are elongate, somewhat swollen for much of their length, gradually narrowed at each end. The tibiae are quite slender for a short distance beyond their attachment to the femora, and are then gradually swollen and enlarged for the remainder of their length, being nearly as thick as the femora at their apex. The fore tibiae appear to be without apical spines, but the middle and hind tibiae nearly always have a variable number of small stout spines at their apex, forming a group or cluster above the outer and smaller terminal tibial spur. The middle and hind tibiae have two spurs at their apex, the larger about half the length of the first tarsal segment and the smaller slightly shorter. These tibial spurs appear to be light colored im all of the species. The fore tibiae have a single apical spur, modified with the base of the first tarsal segment into an antennal comb. The first tarsal segment is about as long as the next three united, and in the hind tarsi is almost as long as all the remaining segments united. The tarsal claws are large, and in all the members of this genus the first two pairs are deeply and distinctly cleft, with the inner tooth flat and much larger than the outer. The hind tarsal claws vary from cleft to prominently toothed at the base. All of the legs are more or less hairy, the coxae and femora smooth and shining, sparsely punctate and hairy, the tibiae much more closely punctured and hairy and somewhat roughened by the punctures, the tarsi thickly clothed with stout hairs, especially beneath. 816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 52, Abdomen.—The abdomen is elongate, slender, lanceolate, with the first two segments dorsally flattened, margined along their sides, and strongly compressed below, the remainder rounded above, and taper- ing to the apex. If the fused second and third tergites be con- sidered as two segments, there are eight dorsal segments in the female and six ventral, while the male has seven segments both dorsally and ventrally. The tergum of the first segment is narrow at its attachment to the propodeum between the hind coxae, and gradually widens to the apex. ‘There is a median basal excavation and the sides are usually widened slightly at the spiracles which are located much nearer to the base than to the apex of the first segment. The tergites of the second and third segments are firmly united, the division between them at most taking the form of a very shallow faint transverse groove. The sides of these segments are also con- stricted to form a sharp margin for the tergite to a point slightly beyond the actual terminationsof the second segment. On the sides the suture between these two segments shows distinctly. The spiracles of the abdomen except the first are located on the sides of the segments, and all of them are small and round. There is a trans- verse fringe of relatively long upright hairs just before the caudal margin of all of the segments from the third on. The abdomen ter- minates in the ovipositor in the female, this consisting of a pair of closely locked valves forming an elongate, slender, linear tube approach- ing the abdomen in length, which is always pale red in color, pointed at the tip, and normally hidden by a pair of black sheaths, both of which are fully as long and are very slightly swollen at the tips, while they are strongly concave within and are sparsely clothed externally with rather stout hairs. The copulatory appendages of the male con- sist of three roughly triangular lobes, the median, dorsal one with a sharp median longitudinal ridge below, while the other two ventral lobes are flap-like. An examination of these lobes in the males of three widely separated species of the subfamily Agathinae failed to show any differences that appeared to be of value for even specific identification, so no further attempt was made to study the genitalia. Pubescence.—All of the hairs of the body proper—that is, the head, thorax, and abdomen—seem to be light colored and often whitish. Their appearance is somewhat deceptive at times, however, as they are often translucent, and appear to take on the color or shade of the background against which they stand. MEASUREMENTS. With the exception of the sets of measurements given for the head, all of the lengths, as of the body, wings, etc., are given in millimeters. The head measurements were made with a micrometer eyepiece, with a scale 5 mm. in actual length and divided into 50 units, inserted in the right tube of a Zeiss binocular microscope. — No. 2178. THE GENUS BRACON FABRICIUS—MORRISON. Bile The Zeiss eyepiece 4 and objective A, were used, giving a magnifica- tion of 65X. As these head measurements are at best merely rela- tive, it was not thought worth while to reduce them to actual fractions of a millimeter. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE. There are breeding and host records for only one of the American species of this genus. Bracon vulgaris (Cresson) has been reported as a parasite of the sugar-beet web-worm, Lozestege sticticalis Linneaus, both by Dr. L. O. Howard of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture,! and by Prof. C. P. Gillette, of the Colorado Experiment Station.? SPECIFIC NAMES. Although I am personally strongly opposed to such a policy, I have taken the names of several of the new species from those of various entomologists, since the transferal of the genus name Bracon to this group of species has brought into consideration over 800 valid specific names, and has practically eliminated the possibility of choosing a descriptive name somewhat characteristic of the insect which has not already been used for some species credited to the genus Bracon. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS BRACON FABRICIUS (CREMNOPS OF FORSTER AND AUTHORS). c, Apical pits of the pronotum united, and forming a deep transverse groove across chevapex Of the: pronotwm ... niet oo 55+ ceisie ce NO. 2178. THE GENUS BRACON FABRICIUS—MORRISON. 341 Cresson’s meabilis is included here, as I have examined the types, and some of the specimens fit very closely Brullé’s descriptions of Agathis haematodes, so I have used this name for the species. I do not know the location of the type of Agathis haematodes Brullé, which was described from a single male from Philadelphia. The types of Agathis meabilis Cresson are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. BRACON VIRGINIENSIS, new species. Plate 27, fig. 19. Agathis haematodes Br. (Cremnops) Smiru, List of the Insects of New Jersey, 1909, p. 609. Cremnops haematodes Banxs, Ent. News, vol. 23, 1912, p. 108. Malar space shorter than the height of the eyes; body, including mouth parts, wholly pale red, except the antennae and eyes, tarsal claws, hind tarsi, and tips of hind tibiae; abdomen sometimes with blackish diffusion above; hind tibiae with two apical spines; first abdominal segment very long and slender; length, 8 mm. FremaLe.—Head.—Triangular, wider than high; length, 55; width, 61; height of eyes, 30; malar space, 24; width between eyes, 33; width at bottom of head, 18; interantennal plates distinct, rather widely separated by a rather flat groove with rounded bottom; face hardly flattened below the antennae, broadly and shallowly grooved for about one-third of its length below the antennae; profile nearly straight, very slightly and irregularly arched, faintly depressed opposite the clypeal foveae; ridges surrounding the antennal fossae prominent, highest opposite the upper margin of the median ocellus, continuous to the lateral ocelli; head, including the mouth parts, wholly red, except for the compound eyes, which are dark, and the antennae, which are blackish; face shining, rather densely punctate and hairy below the antennae, more sparsely and faintly so below on the clypeus and on the cheeks; compound eyes relatively large, dark; ocelli light, approximately equidistant from one another; antennae black or blackish-brown in some lighter specimens, 40-41 segmented, first two segments shining, the rest dull; labrum slightly wider than long, pale, the apical raised rim darker, and nearly straight for a short distance, shining, sparsely and finely punctate and hairy; mandibles pale, tips blackish; beak wholly pale, the second segment of both the maxillary and labial palpi the largest and longest, the last segment of each elongate, slender, nearly cylindrical. Thorax.—Longer than high, wholly red; lateral lobes of pronotum smooth, shining, finely, and densely punctate around the margins, the apical pits deep but short; proepisterna more coarsely punctured and hairy, the apical lobes smooth and shining; mesonotum shining, sparsely punctured and hairy; parapsidal furrows distinct, not very 342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. deep, rather finely crenulate, converging behind, meeting before the scutellar fossa, and not continued to this fossa as a distinct groove; median lobe distinctly flat grooved medially, at least in front, lateral lobes slightly flattened in the middle of the disk of each; hind angles of the mesoscutum produced into broadly rounded, vertically com- pressed lobes; scutellar fossa rather shallow as compared with other species, the bottom concave, the front wall sloping strongly forward, with a single prominent longitudinal carina bisecting it; scutellum relatively broad and short, sides rounded off, not tapering strongly behind, apex bluntly rounded; mesopleurae sparsely punctured and hairy over the whole of their surface, more densely so below and on the venter; mesopleural furrow shallow, deeper behind and fading out completely in front, about as long as half the width of the pleurae, running diagonally upward; metapleurae shining, sparsely and rather coarsely punctured, only the lower border roughened and with ridges; propodeum coarsely areolate, the median ridges most widely sepa- rated behind, coming gradually to meet each other in front; spiracles oval. Wings.—Length, fore, 7 mm., hind 5.5 mm.; fuliginous, venation and light spotting typical. Legs.—Entirely red, except all the tarsal claws, the apices of the hind tibiae, and all the hind tarsi and the extreme base of the meta- tarsus; hind tibiae with 2 stout spines at the apex just above the smaller apical tibial spur; middle tibiae usually with 1, often with 2 apical spines. Abdomen.—Length about 4 mm., elongate, slender, lanceolate, the first segment relatively very long, and only slightly widened toward the apex; the tergite of segments two and three also very long, these three segments occupying almost four-fifths of the length of the ab- domen, the division between the second and third segments indicated dorsally by an indistinct flat groove; color wholly red, but sometimes with blackish diffusion either near the middle or apically; ovipositor red, the sheaths black, length about 3.5 mm. Matr.—Apparently resembles the female in all essential structural characters as well as in coloration; first three segments of the abdo- men not occupying more than two-thirds of its total length. Described from 12 female specimens from Falls Church, Virginia, June and July (3), Great Falls, Virginia, June 27 (1), Washington, District of Columbia, June 20 (1), Westville, New Jersey, August 30 (1), and 1 each from “N. Y.,” “Miss.,” and ‘“‘N. C.,” while three specimens have no data accompanying them, and 9 male specimens from “Falls Church, Va., July and Aug.”’ (3), Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania; (1), Glenside, Pennsylvania, June 8 (1), Wallace, Kansas, July (1), Lexington, Kentucky, (1), “L. I.” (1), and a bred specimen without host or locality record. = No. 2178. THE GENUS BRACON FABRICIUS—MORRISON. 343 This species is labeled “ Cremnops haematodes Brullé” in the Phila- delphia Academy of Natural Sciences collection and in the United States National Museum material, and probably in other collections also, but a cursory examination of Brullé’s description will show that this identification is not correct. Type.—Cat. No. 20484, U.S.N.M. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLaTE 24. Fig. la. Fore and hind wings of Bracon vulgaris, showing the cells named according to the usual nomenclature: a, anal; ap, apical; ar, areolet (second cubi- tal); cu, first cubital; cu; third cubital; d, discoidial; d, first discoidial ; d,, second discoidial; d’, third discoidial; m, median; r, radial; sm, submedian. 1b and Ic. Fore and hind wings of Bracon vulgaris, showing the veins named ac- cording to the usual nomenclature: a, anal; 6, basal; c, costal; cu, cubital; d, discoidial; f, fold; m, median; r, radial; re, recurrent; s, stigma; sd. subdiscoidial; tc, transverse cubital; ¢c,, first transverse cubital; tc,, second transverse cubital; ém, transverse median (nervulus). PLATE 25. Fia. 2. Head of Bracon vulgaris from the front. . Head of Bracon vulgaris from above. . Beak of Bracon vulgaris from behind. . Head of Bracon vulgaris from the side and behind. . Profile of metanotum and propodeum of Bracon slossonae. . Profile of metanotum and propodeum of Bracon vulgaris. Naat &W bo PLATE 26. Fig. 8. Thorax of Bracon vulgaris from the side: A, abdomen; Cj, fore coxa; C2, mid- dle coxa; (3, hind coxa; E,, proepisternum h, parapsidal furrow; J, pro- podeum; W,, pronotum; N;, metanotum; p,, prescueum of mesothorax; P,, mesopleura; P;, metapleura; S,, scutum of mesothorax; Se and Scy, scutellum (of mesothorax); sp, spiracle; St, sternum of mesothorax; 7’, tegula. 9. Thorax of Bracon vulgaris from above. Lettering as figure 8. 10. Abdomen of Bracon vulgaris, female from the side. 11. Male genitalia of Bracon vulgaris from the side. 12. Ventral segments of abdomen of male of Brancon vulgaris. PLATE 27. Fic. 13. Prothorax of Bracon slossonae from the side, showing groove. 14. Prothorax of Bracon slossonae from above. 15. Prothorax of Bracon vulgaris from the side, showing pits. 16. Prothorax of Bracon vulgaris from above. 17. Fore tarsal claws of Bracon vulgaris. 18. Hind tarsal claws of Bracon vulgaris. 19. Apex of hind tibia of Bracon virginiensis, showing spines. 20. Apex of hind tibia of Bracon vulgaris, showing spines. : rin, a" a un re uw : ' Se : ie a iy i ae . ‘s A one a dae vie 2s Rah 1309 sine oa ee ait ust“ i fii, iO etetiah ae i Bg (is, eco a be 7, e o> enn ae We pie aetna ar 7 a x. i ae 7 4 \ he “y a Ny ce tyre ate an rf Mee es ave ra ae vam a 7 ass a et Fae Pie ea ae * A ai ae in ae +g oy ante ie ¥ fos: tg Pat ; mC b a oo i Ue He i TAY LLNS, ik i me ie a rik. A . ue ie ce ath Me wore oe ae ae a ate one a oe ae c in bine my . r wy ie mae . i : - - te a wl a7 an nie ned hain Aa whys he aa este ‘ia ia aN 4 ‘am ee “ey ai ; a ceo na oD at uh re yea i : 7 3 hate dy Cea ie on wi x) ee ae epee as oe ieee vate Wy a e iT . ov vr Fe, aly ial oe) ey Meat se ne ul atai la Se a hg , oe ’ ie A Pak iw maa doe ot ux a et i ol ae ei Ms ier aie aa i * es ae “ ae Hn hc RL RN att ly oth ll . a ab rcs, 2s . Beihai nae ee ny ‘ie a : ay es van ny hee a ary * ‘ i Hohe a , on ee | yet Whe aE oh ae / ia (ae ay rote aie ge MA i ath aan eid wer th se A - a ae i ‘i 4 ; hy e Le a is : iat 7 ap ne path AL Assia hy 7 i 1 we ia aa, ate ao Lyin e ian) oe "as aa = lk ha! ~ 7 be He wat "each Fy f es ei ia <3 aU TN, of er iis Li 1 is cae iP v min ie ia aie us a ; ; ng alts £ cy We. mee uae * eden Vth aie a fiipiee hsb Sy. iw > r - aking ree dy eat ie ibis jae iat ae ica iM a= ; wae a we Flas i a pea, 4 a i. ‘, Lua 3 ee ae in oe ara : 35 eee = ; ; pie ats roe ae she am) vay 1 ie is a tan in 4 a ree We” Ghanian: in ot ie ir \- o ' 4 i ee ar . oe scans Ad sia pens - pet mi ol ert eh ee oe eae 7 | One ad : 7 : ies rs a a i / a, aa % Brest: 5 ie Saaesanie ‘eh isin ih sea ca ile ang iat ew oe =f { Brine trey i 3 at at ay ee pi saint oe th ha ed ‘ih (the Jad peel Mus: a Frapniaee rien Te ag uit ane a wanahoug nee uty ah eey en Pr pea pat ef har er he Nght tam suey Malian iit iy sae alae en vai Sy, a ae Bafiat hi aye: a, Ae Ae Pie ade ¢ iM abil’ bi : oe van aN ey: ne : Ja fe io ae ae in ee a i fen es i ie ‘ous ord ? “wh ee} ce (ae wee 7 tle ag ee. / naly. Ngo wr i ees ay me pa ve a be ids ne ain taal Aqes ei ne os tds nae airs qa. bs * ae i ey i oc : E nae 7 . Pa | a i an iy =. sgt | Lf hie Aart x vo aa a) wes ep is a ie 6 as Me Hy salt ee 7 Pie tee ate ee Ao rer oe bn aati eur datas” aedgel tes jus oe in 7 ; A OP alk & if eeu PY cae |“ > saa s\ | Sly bla in Mee i ie oe. aR ‘ uae ’ Se ; of d as 4 eee 3 poe yrs) i SER Sy; ie a. a os oF et - EN te Ass - ve " SR By ve ae i oe U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 24 MORPHOLOGY OF BRACON. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 343, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 25 MORPHOLOGY OF BRACON. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 3438. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 26 12 a MORPHOLOGY OF BRACON. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 343, PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 27 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM MORPHOLOGY OF BRACON. 343. NATION OF PLATE S FOR EXPLA THE VARIATION EXHIBITED BY THAMNOPHIS ORDI- NOIDES (BAIRD AND GIRARD), A GARTER SNAKE INHABITING THE SAN FRANCISCO PENINSULA. By JosepH C. THompson, Surgeon, United States Navy. INTRODUCTION. The more one reviews the literature of the garter snakes of North America, the more one becomes impressed with the necessity of ascer- taining the complete range of variation that may be exhibited by each of the well-established species in the genus. To determine this it will be requisite to collect a fair series of specimens from a restricted local- ity and to record its slightest variations. Similar studies will have to be made of sets from widely separated regions. In order to facilitate the comparison of the data an endeavor should be made to conform to a uniform method of tabulating the figures and presenting the facts. In the past JT. ordinoides has been divided into as many as eight species and subspecies; this alone implies that the form is subject to considerable variation. What this variation really amounts to can only be appreciated by one who has seen large series from all parts of its range, for it is difficult to believe that the dwarfed and sombre- hued examples from the north, with the minimum scale count of 17-15, are one and the same species as the large brilliantly colored specimens from the south or the veritable giant from the Santa Clara Valley, whose body alone measures 1,040 mm. and has a maximum scale formula of 21—-23—21-19-17. Dr. Ruthven in his Memoir on the Garter Snakes of North Amer- ica' recognizes Thamnophis elegans (Baird and Girard) 1853, and Thamnophis ordinoides (Baird and Girard) 1852, as distinct species. In speaking of 7. elegans? he writes: ‘‘ . . . its western limit can not be drawn exactly owing to the fact that it intergrades with another form . . . ” referring to T. ordinoides. In speaking of 11908, Bull. 61, U. S. National Museum. 2Tdem, p. 143. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 52—No. 2179. 345 - 346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. T. ordinoides' he states: ‘‘I believe that it is impossible to fix the exact eastern and southern boundary of ordinoides for the reason that it intergrades with elegans throughout the entire length of its range.” From this two inferences may be drawn: These species are either valid and the specimens are amenable to unquestionable separation, or our recognition of them as two distinct forms must give way to the fact that there is complete intergradation, hence they are not distinct and require to be united. The initial step in the direction of attempting to ascertain the final status of these two species was taken when 50 specimens of T. ordi- noides from the Sausalito Peninsula were subjected to a critical examination.?, The present contribution offers the data obtained from a similar number of specimens captured in Golden Gate Park on the San Francisco peninsula along with a comparison of the two series. As a further illustration of the need of these and similar studies there is appended the record of 80 specimens from twelve different localities. METHODS. In order that the data be correctly coordinated it is necessary to ascertain the highest scale row count that obtains in the genus. In Thamnophis the maximum is 23 rows. The paired rows are desig- nated by permanent numbers from I to XI and the median by M, the count being made from without inward. When the number of scale rows is decreased the sequence of sup- pression is constant and is as follows: 23 rows, V row suppressed, leaving, 21 rows, VI row suppressed, leaving, 19 rows, IV row suppressed, leaving, 17 rows, VII row suppressed, leaving, 15 rows, which are continued to the vent. In dealing with a specimen in which the maximum count is 21 rows it is necessary to regard the V row as suppressed constructively. In enumerating the rows one must count I, II, III, IV (V suppressed), VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and the median. Insuch a specimen when the 21 rows are reduced posteriorly to 19 rows it will be found to be due to the termination of the fifth row in actual counting, but this row in terms of the generic count is the VI row and must be so re- corded. When the 19 rows are decreased to 17 it is due to the ending of the fourth row in actual counting, which is also the IV row in the generic sense. When the 17 rows are reduced to 15 it is due to the loss of the fourth row in actual counting, which in this case is the VII row in terms of the generic count. Constant attention to these details is imperative. 11908, Bull. 61, U. S. National Museum, p. 149. 21914, Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, pp. 351-360. of NO. 2179. VARIATION IN GARTER SNAKES—THOMPSON. 347 VARIATION IN NUMBER OF DORSAL SCALE ROWS. This species presents the widest range of variation in the number of scale rows that is to be found in the group. There are at present known in the genus eleven distinct scale formulae, ten of which have been recorded in 7. ordinoides. These ten and the frequency of occurrence of the five combinations found in the San Francisco series are as follows: Per cent. Per cent. sell emt ren nete te A a.eta= Pope ei aiohe' 3: sic ierm ORV OSI S513 sace Soe ee einer, creieias hicieecie 0 Nt ON eae asjeisjala hecisiw is sieis:> = cioistaloicie!aa Z| A SOS eS eames cles Sereno eae 0 GS Pill Geet ear cee ttercinyeicro is, Sisto sce eine HOM LTS L ON oe oe sec ce soe Seas 0 Te Oi Dirmetssccictie vice me clos oe 8. at 5 jek acesa ce eced me emee se eee ee 0 Reali ete elt win Sym nye = isiacso se: siege = ie Asyvarmetrieal iss... acetone sce 4 MNT ll) rs tara aiayaios oi sieve Sie t= sce ofteter sisi e 4 The influence of sex upon the variations in this character is clearly demonstrated. Among the specimens that vary from what may be assumed to be the normal count of 19-21-19-17, those having the lower counts are prone to be males, and those with the higher counts are largely females. This increase in the number of scale rows in the female is associated with the need for the increase in the diameter of the abdominal cavity when carrying the young. Males. Females. . Per cent. Per cent. 21—19—17 ........ ii 8 19--21—19-—17.... 39 61 19—21—19—17—15 50 50 QD fic ere wectee cret 86 14 19—17—15 ..-..--.. 67 ao The data showing the gastrostege levels on the right and left side of the body at which the added rows begin and the suppressed rows end may be learned from the following tables: ScaLeE Formuta 21—19—17. This is next to the highest count recorded in the species. In this series it occurs in 12 per cent of the specimens of which 16 per cent are males. Scale rows. U.S.N.M. No. Sex. Ventrals. 21_VI. 19—IV. 17 cont. SOG aeeeee ee Male .... 158 68 76 OFT O27 a lenoeeee cee Hovloeeeeee eee Female. . Tea Ea (4) S982 Vai OO eee es. <7 YAO} Oe Sees EGON ere 153 70 70 ODO Di |peeene coe Hal OR eases oduct 155 leeG SORES SI sere ee HODADM ee eee FedOeetae 155 GdA TVA AS 2ST, ect pete re DOOM ee eee TS OWSAaAc 157 le NaS OOP E 2 Sages ee 348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. ScaLE Formuta 19—21—19—17. This formula may be regarded as the normal for this immediate region. It is found in 56 per cent of the specimens; of these, 39 per cent are males. MALE. Scale rows. U.S.N.M. No.| Ventrals. 19+VI. 21—VI. 19—IV. 17 cont. HA1SA Sees 154 26 28 51 42 Hil GO Salas a eee HOQDSoEe eee 157 32 30 51 58 734. 1S) (|sceteeehee H2lGoeeee 158 47 41 53 43 790 3800 Wee eee Doo omee ae 158 2h 25 60 65 83. (86) ||| eee eee DOE aes 159 24 27 68 74 890 89" sie eee HALSOE ase 159 24 37 60 60 86> .86) ale 2 ae HAUGGe ee 160 26 24 70 70 SOSae eo eee BA /A tee e 160 27 «24 62 63 82183". |< eee Hono aera 16] 34 26 44 32 87-7 82) | See eee HAS aor 162 SOUL 69 62 S6n 86 |e s eee 521622265 162 SOT! 71 75 92 #9344 haa FEMALE. The influence of sex on this character is evident. On the average the VI row tends to be longer in that it begins further forward and extends more to the rear. The IV row also ends further back. This lengthening of the scale rows is associated with the stouter body in the female. Scale rows. U.S.N.M. No. | Ventrals. 19+VI. 21—VI. 19—IV. 17 cont. HALO 22 22 147 LOL 50 50 Oe: CAG 12 chee eee HOo4Te eee 149 Zoned 60 61 Sic 186i mi|aaaonee sce HZGheees 150 32 44 55. 53 82. 82s | ee eet HZ lie ee 150 PAM 2o: 61 62 80% (82) See eee Mae ae Atay 31 36 40 55 to Olle eee ee HALGOn oes 152 See 68 71 90 693) bases eee HezIGSE sees 153 26 26 58 58 83) 4840: be Soe HG eae 153 30 41 51 51 Ske 79s seer eee Hap lGoeeee 153 D2 2e 68 67 88 SORA tee ee Hop4aZ ose 153 26 28 54 53 $2 186i eee aeoees 53585) 5-2 154 24 24 65 68 $8592. a ee ZG eee 155 29) 927 64 65 89) Bl S ler ae eee H21G4 eas 155 i PRY 62 64 8b» 1927 |¢. eeceaeee HASH easee 156 Deel 68 71 ON” Oa see eee DAs = ae 157 ey 63° 71 89: 48h | aaa See OzSemoee 160 2 eae 67 59 88: 189) lost eso OLS Ga 166 ale (Oo Ole 2G ie Ieee It will be noted that No. 52170 is bilaterally symmetrical. It is comparatively rare for the scale rows to arise and to be suppressed at exactly the same gastrostege levels. a NO. 2179. VARIATION IN GARTER SNAKES—THOMPSON. 349 ScaLE Formuta 19—21—19—17—15. This is not a common variation. It occurs in 8 per cent of the series, and of these 50 per cent are males. In specimens with this formula there are five zones on the body, each with a different count. In two examples the VII rows reappeared just anterior to the vent, thereby increasing the count to 17 in this zone. Scale rows. BN Sex. Ventrals. 19+-VI. | 21—VI. 19—IV. 17—VII. 15 cont. 52182" ...| Male...-:: 156 SO SOA tose pol Alam ticenieles Liat Daal sea eae BD eoe qo-35—- 156 SOR C28 spl Os pote eos da2, sUZ OE ae ere cere 53580....| Female. . 158 28) 7351 49" SON Bat solr E SO PAs Ss ee ae - oon lok QOeee ee 151 SieeeA Seiko, RoOen | olee:/Oal Miso rust sen | ees oe ScaLe Formuta 19—17. This formula is found next in frequency to the normal. It occurs in 14 per cent of the series, and of these 86 per cent are males. ‘Two specimens in this table exhibited bilateral symmetry, the rows ter- minating on each side at exactly the same level. Scale rows. USM Sex. Ventrals. 5 19—IV. | 17 cont. BOIGD ates | Male....... 152 PDs eho cee BSb7 8h canes ie doseeae 156 SE S20) eee cee Ba 7a edt Loe! EL ouianen® 157 SO SOF n ene: Bape te ee dOee ae tae 159 7S 2 SOM eon Bah Aa eer oe ae Wierd Oonos tare: 159 Ge [Gna ants eee ee 58044 aie ne: Porro res 159 Sig B2> I Serea aes: BOIS eae = Female... . 152 Bo; 78o. ac aces ese ScaALE FormuLa 19—17—15. This is the least frequent count in the series. It occurs in but 6 per cent, of which 66 per cent are males. In both these specimens the VII rows reappear a short distance anterior to the vent. Seale rows. ee Sex. Ventrals. 19—IV. 17 Vie | 15 cont. | OD ieee. Male? 23-2 153 77 #78 Oa Gone cee BOBO. su. cto ek donee 156 TA We elon Weel eek s seer HALSS es J. Female... - 156 TS 079. 5130) 187i testo. 5/ = 350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. BILATERALLY ASYMMETRICAL. Seale rows. U oe Sex. Ventrals. |— == a 194+ VI. 21—VI. 19—IV. 17 cont. neste NOTbe Nb 52S Seem Malesnesecr 158 33 51 SIN G24 Eee ae 28 1(34 3 52189... ... Female....| 159 ei us \ 87 87 |...--.-- It will be noted that in both these cases the asymmetry consists in an absence of the VI row on the left side of the body. It is this row that is normally added to the 19 row zone anteriorly and raises the count to 21 rows. In the male the VI row exists on the right side between the level of the thirty-third and the fifty-first gastrostege. In the female this row is also present only on the right side; it differs in being interrupted, one series extending from the twenty-eighth to the thirty-fourth, and the other from the forty-first to the forty-third gastrostege. There is one important question bearing on these dermal characters that requires to be settled, and that is whether the number and extent of the scale rows are definitely fixed from birth and remain the same throughout the life of the individual, or if their number and extent may be increased as a sequel to abundant food, corpulency, preg- nancy, and old age. The fact seems to be, that when a series of these garter snakes from the same locality is examined, a suspiciously large percentage of the low-scale row counts are found in the young and half-grown examples. OTHER VARIATIONS. All of the dermal characters show more or less variation. The scale rows in the zones of transition from the neck to the body and between the body and the tail are too irregular and complicated to permit the making of satisfactory records. There is some variation in the size and shape of the rostral, frontal, and parietal shields that depends upon the age of the specimen. The numerical variations in other characters are very important to ascertain, for they confirm beyond dispute, as Doctor Ruthven has demonstrated, the genetic relationships among the species. VARIATION IN GASTROSTEGES. Attention is drawn to the fact that the minimum and maximum counts have been found in the female specimens. In the males the range of variation is but 55 per cent of the total and centers nearly around the mean for the series. * NO. 2179. VARIATION IN GARTER SNAKES—THOMPSON. SOL Diagram showing the variation in the number of gastrosteges in specimens from San g g g Francisco. 2 3 3 a g 3 OF iG. ORS if CARMI Nas DG Ae Ode Gute et 5s ere OR OO Oe raya eGuide Oh 3 2 OU et ee aoe ies ot FG Ou) Sy eae. 2 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 Females. Males Range of variation in 50 specimens..-..--.-..---- Nes 5 Saye te ae ae tele has 147-166 Males, 23 specimens: ; 2... - 2.26. - 05. t se 2 oe ene eset er ee eesece reece 152-162 Females, 27 specimens........-..--.-------- 22-22 ee eee eee teen eee 147-166 Diagram showing the variation in the number of gastrosteges in Sausalito specimens. g 2 Chines g ? 3 iy 3S os 2 Gr ie Mr ad 3 2 Orn OM Oe ee aSy ee. Hyd 2 OMAN, Aen et Om 6 Guy Gr 8). Or" 3G) ¢ «6 Organ)! ORO uy COs Wl oo Smosh pig aul hiGe # NGO hy Caan 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 Female. Male. Range of variations in 59 specimens........-.-------------+-+++++++++++++- 145-164 Males, 34 specimens.......-------------- +22 +e ee eee ee errr ee eee eee 150-164 Female, 25 specimens.............-------- 22-22 cece eee eres c etter 145-161 An occasional specimen is seen in which some of the gastrosteges are incomplete in that they fail to reach across the body. These in- complete shields usually extend nearly to the median line. Where there are several on one side the asymmetry is often compensated for by there being nearly an equal number on the opposite half of the body. One specimen, a female, from San Francisco, Cat. No. 53574, U.S.N.M. (Orig. No. T-136), that is not included in the series, has nine incomplete gastrosteges on the right and none on the left side of the body. It is further abnormal in having a low gastrostege count of 149 (right), a scale formula of 21—19—17—15, and eight infralabial shields on the left side. VARIATION IN ANAL. The normal condition is for this shield to be entire. There are no specimens in this series in which it is divided. VARIATION IN UROSTEGES. These plates are normally paired. An occasional specimen may be found in which from one to two of the urosteges remain entire. When this occurs, these undivided shields are regularly situated near the base of the tail. All showing this variation are males. Paired throughout, 94 per cent; 1 to 2 entire, 6 per cent. 352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. Diagram showing the variation in the number of urosteges in specimens from San Francisco. 3 2 3 2 3 g . 9 g ¢ Ped oe ee ee Ca ae 3 3 Qe? Oe DD DD EN Se as ea eee Ss 66 67 68 69 70 71 72| 73. 74 75,-76 (77. 78 79) 80 Sih 982) 83) S4ego Female: fi Male. Range of variation in 42 specimens: Males) 1S specimeng 2 s.'). 22.2252 ce kok coo pte ee ae 74—85 Hominies, 24 specimens: |... 262s hoe Shoes weet are lone eae 66—80 Further along when the table comparing these specimens with the series from Sausalito is reviewed; it will be noted that in both locali- ties the range in the number of urosteges is from 66 to 85. These bare figures fail to bring out one salient feature—the higher average that exists in the Sausalito set. This difference may be seen at a glance if the preceding and following diagrams be compared. Diagram showing the variation in the number of urosteges in specimens from Sausalito. So ? 3 3 é. oS = < eS f 3 & SC & ues 3 ee ae aes SS od os, 16 Se 66° 67 “68 ‘69:70 71 “72°73 74 175" 716, 7h WS) 198 80) Sl 82a s ese eaamoe Female. Male. Range of variation in 32 specimens: Mates: 19 specimens ss 22e Ake ce na.n2 Soka etre oa eee nee ee 76—85 Homiales; 13 specimens... 225-- eens ee 82 noses ee a 66—85 Over one-half of these from Sausalito have the tail docked, while less than one-fifth of the snakes from Golden Gate Park are similarly crippled. In grazing land this is frequently due to their being trod- den upon by cattle. Where field rodents are plentiful the tail is often bitten off and devoured by these animals. VARIATION IN PREOCULAR. The normal condition is a single preocular. Where two exist it is due to the fragmentation of the lower one-third of the normal shield. Where three are found it is due to a middle plate which has become separated from the anterior superior shield. In the majority of speci- mens the lower portion of the preocular is of a lighter tint and fre- quently is indented at the margins. In the specimens showing varia- tion in this character 25 per cent are males. Per cent. qo mormalieote 8 Yo ete ee, hs ik 8s ea eae reer 92 1-9 asymmetrical s..2 222 2624 f2 ch Te a ees f 2° -pilaterall22:co35 eh 2 is 5 2 Se See ee eee ee 2 258 asyMmpewrical 9° sa2 ayeecins See 22h eee ee apee eee eee eee 2 » NO. 2179. VARIATION IN GARTER SNAKES—THOMPSON. 303 VARIATION IN POSTOCULARS. In this series the variation in the postocular shields is limited, much more so than in the Sausalito specimens. When the number is reduced to two it is due to the fusing of the normal middle and inferior shields; when increased to four it is due to the dividing of the inferior shield. In the specimens showing variation in this character 50 per cent are males. Per cent. SME CETIT EA sayy cereale tata cena acl ofa eer cain egal eee alge Reaver et eka eat ata) 96 oP AA MMC UTICA. bet Seno alain a atekomis eglalerat Sie Sa a SERA SRE 2 eA PAANININOLTICAL. Seis acta oe No cig NV crane Sota ergap eye epee ee Name eben 2 VARIATION IN ANTERIOR TEMPORAL. This shield is subject to but slight variation. When there are two it is due to a separation of the antero-external angle of the parietal. This part of the parietal is at times dented or partially incised. The single specimen showing an aberration in this character was a male. Per cent. T's “Savoy eg Ta bey] Re Rete yes PMR Oe ARO aes EA a MDS Pe 98 eC VANIMOLEICA iors caine cu ole ai bath Alo oe te ep Rare te ae hee 2 VARIATION IN POSTERIOR TEMPORALS. These shields exhibit considerable irregularity as to shape and size. Their number may be increased to three; very rarely they become fused into one. The abnormal specimens were all females. Per cent. DMN OLIN licy es pee hea es ene Say Scarfe, tape sj hey age ee ep NS TM eee oye 92 irra ase WTO CUT EC DN Gtr A aten ote soca ici gata tetas lamictal s pinvaga Dore ayia ae ares 4 Seen TAtera orate sek Se re hier eS BOIS 3 LAKE Rie Nee tae rcem gy 4 VARIATION IN SUPRALABIALS. The normal is 8 supralabials with the fourth and fifth bordering the orbit. When the number is reduced to 7 it is due to the fusing of the normal] second and third shields (66 per cent), or the sixth and seventh shields (33 per cent). None of the specimens in this set showed the increase to 9 supralabials which is known to occur at times in this species. In the specimens showing variation in this character 20 per cent are males. Per cent. QUmmNEIT ITY A enseye seeeer ae eerernmae een ts serie seme MS ARB Ds he marae 90 choot spa taba e eh ger IAN rp FL see eae es ea ne 10 VARIATION IN INFRALABIALS. The normal count is 10 infralabials. When the number is de- creased to 9 it is due to the fusing of the normal third and fourth shields (82 per cent), or the normal seventh and eighth (18 per cent). When the number is further reduced to 8 it is due to the fusing of these same pairs—namely, the third and fourth and the seventh and 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.562—17 23 854 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. eighth. None in this set showed the increase to 11 infralabials which is known to occur in specimens from this part of the State. Among the specimens showing variation in this character 27 per cent are males. Per cent 1Omownial: ec. 2 5 33 2 ate ae Noe ee ee eee eee 100 Wrosteges, paired: -45 5.2... -csd..e8e. s -rer as eceeens a ane 94 The following table shows the percentage of normal individuals and the percentage of those that are abnormal in one or more char- acters: Per cent INormailinvall characters... 2-426 422-6 =. 6 oo ae ee eee 38 ‘A pnorml inione Characters. sss. sone oe eee eee eee eee 30 ‘Abnormal tworcharactersas--- 2 ete eae eee eee ee 22 Abnormaliin three characterssse-: s2205-- 02) eee eee eee ee eee 8 Abnormal in four characters................- 2 ah vay ae ee 2 * No. 2179. VARIATION IN GARTER SNAKES—THOMPSON. 355 Tabulated summary. Oculars. | Temporals. Labials. U.S.N.M. No. Sex. Scales. Gast.} An. Urost. Pre. | Post.} Ant. | Post. |Supra. | Infra. S217Ge = 521 Male.... 21-19-17 UGS TW es Ae 81 ZIG) aces oe Female. 21-19-17 153\ | 2=2 7 aloo ec scelees do.: <2: 21-19-17 5b Maes ? Boot eeeee ce laee doEees 21-19-17 WH ose 73 DOOM eeeics stose dost2.- 21-19-17 LS dalsecen: 68 DaO4D maisee fear dos=: 21-19-17 P55 toe 75 218s ees Male.... 19-21-19-17 154 one 78 DaLOdamecice tee. qo... 19-21-19-17 1b IBopE ae iz 2b see cence doles 19-21-1917 15OY eee ee 76 (111) MALE Seeet-oes do 19-21-19-17 PEON Ee oce 78 D2LOO re es satslase dors: 19-21-19-17 160M = =~ =2 79 Bol Arecce se |S 3c doe: 19-21-19-17 L6O)|eensee 78 B2ISI ee ee cise dots 19+-21-19-17 162) |e aceee ? (IL-TV) polO2eeeeccslen. dowe:: 19-21-19-17 16h Seeoee iv BO Coolers aint dol: 19-21-19-17 SA secee i; Ba0Gd Heisraniss | a= doles: 19-21-19-17 Dp aleecees 77 Davo uetsate oils =e dol. 19-21-19-17 OY eee 82 2170 Ne cies Female. 19-21-19-17 TSO ee5 oe 66 B21 GUE ase |eee dox2-: 19-21-19-17 150) eae x3 Dalioseeeae lass dows 19-21-19-17 150) cere 70 Oe se cst as dome! 19-21-19-17 OE eee 67 DALGOeeea-e| =. Goss e 19-21-19-17 Mp Di leas ae 74 HALGS Bae. = se sfc dons: 19-21-19-17 GS ee Sere 70 21GB sae =e se do:t223 19-21-19-17 153; |e see z 52167522 <|ec do:.23: 19-21-19-17 M55 | os et 68 Ma LGA eter crete [one dots 19-21-19-17 15D) pace as 67 DAIS Hea ae) see dott. 19-21-19-17 S56 P2t5 222 72 D2VOR Re e)=12|o26 Gon. 19-21-19-17 GY Ml eee it AES cee |S Gox. 32 19-21-19-17 160s See 71 D2UBG ee nea i=| are GOrs.=. 19-21-19-17 LOGd ees 74 aD kOmre aye elle d0...2- 19-21-19-17 153! |!235 22 71 DeOswete sect clan dome: 19-21-19-17 154 ec aec 68 OA ee etsieln ci] = = dor: 19-21-19-17 449 Joe tte 68 DOO Aa afer | ia .2 GOl.-== 19-21-19-17 15S Soe oe- 68 5218222. 22 Male... .| 19-21-19-17-15 156 |os22c- 85 Dali Do aeiaie yet dois: 19-21-19-17-15 L5G) sce a6. 82 5217222 5--- Female. | 19-21-19-17-15 52H Seen 72 Ba0S0s eet. dome: 19-21-19-17-15 151 Se es3 70 2 19-17 152 esos: 74 19-17 15D oso. 70 19-17 157 eeoe ce 79 19-17 |.. 159) |. = S25 80 19-17 |.. ASO sete ae 74 19-17 T5Oce ces 79 (IIT) 19-17 |.-. T52heL ase 80 aL ecse- Male 19-17-15 15S) ese 83 DOOD octets ocilace MOse-=. 1917-15 156) ieee ee 85 HZISS ees: Female. 19-17-15 156i eee 79 52183... ---- MNale....; Asymmetrical 158) ose. 80 D2ISO Ee a= <= Female. | Asymmetrical VEO oesce 79 For the sake of clearness the normal records are indicated by dashes. This table brings to light an interesting condition: Specimens that have the normal scale row count of 19-21-19-17 are prone to be normal in the remaining characters in that only 33 per cent of them present any variations; on the other hand, in those having an abnor- mal scale row count 66 per cent, possess other variations from the normal. This is an analogous condition to that shown in the study of degenerates among the human species. Individuals are much more liable to have several stigmata than but a single earmark of faulty heredity. INFLUENCE OF SEX ON VARIATION. In zoology it is a fairly well established point that in a given species the range of variation is regularly greater in a series of males than in a series of female specimens. In the anthropoid apes and in the 356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. human species this is particularly noticeable, the female remaining nearer the infantile and generalized type than the male. When the influence of sex is examined for 7’. ordinoides, it is found that the opposite condition prevails. The following list shows that a greater number of variations occur among the female specimens: Male. Female. Abnormal as to— Per cent. Per cent. Scealesrowss.24823 25-0 eee ee eee 5 'Preocular. cc... eee ee ee eee 25 75 Post ocularss 563s se te ee eee 33 67 Anterior temporal, s: 2.2. ..225024: 100 0 Posterior temporal...........-...-.- 0 100 Supralabialet2<2 352) Fase pee 20 80 Intralabials 222.6 see ees 2 73 VARIATION IN COLOR. In the young the ground color is almost invariably a dark olive; the dorsal and lateral rows of spots are large, regular, and sharply defined; the median stripe is pale yellow; the underside is greenish grey; no specimens are seen with even a trace of red. In the adults the ground color varies in different examples, there being many hues of dull brick red, olive brown, and dark olive; the dorsal and lateral spots are clearly marked, in some the dorsal series is partly fused; the median stripe is sharply defined, varying from pale yellow to dark orange, and when of the latter color it is at times dotted with salmon; the lateral stripe is yellowish or greenish grey, in some this line is also dotted with salmon; the underside is usually a uniform bluish or greenish grey, and in a few specimens there are a few irregular reddish spots. The most striking chromatic character in this set is the absence of any examples having the striped pattern, those in which the ground color is a solid dark brown, without spots or red, and with the median and lateral stripes bright and sharply defined. In having but the one color pattern this set from Golden Gate Park is distinctive. Series from over a score of different localities have been studied and each set regularly contained from two to three separate designs. FOOD. The food was found to consist almost entirely of slugs, of the family Arionide. Two of the largest snakes had eaten small rodents, and several had remains of salamanders, Batrachoseps, and Autodax in the stomach. The garden slugs in and about San Francisco are abundant and are most destructive to small and tender cultivated plants. As the Bay Region has not proved favorable for the establishing of toad colonies, ~ No. 2179. VARIATION IN GARTER SNAKES—THOMPSON. Bot the garter snakes assume a role of particular economic interest. They should become a special object of care and protection on the part of florists and gardeners. COMPARISON BETWEEN SAN FRANCISCO AND SAUSALITO SERIES. There is presented for comparison in the following parallel columns a summary of the variations in the series from the two localities on either side of the Golden Gate: San Francisco. Sausalito. Scale rows: Per cent. | Per cent. fe en eas oe sclrape aie [eversta ee ietaieiatetal|(ereleteretenci=ch=t Die Se em eae ele = abalone alata tafatater= 12 6 Os 5 asi cies etait == = 56 66 QO 1G Wl ie oo nee innee= = - Sites aerevereratsters RO ete eee aa ee a cioeestane 14 10 i ef essa cece = a= tetatal's) = fapc htt = Bs 6 12 FA ee ee ea sree eee eyenalllaosend Seeley arevenellis|oteketnse wie ialaners 7 a ee bei tee ae a. ee cates scale Gases Fed Ss ee eee oes siete om irc otnie es staeiedasa te (Secrets tone TU el yes Seen tere. S chyaie me areas ote alle ostetateraie este Asymmetrical. -<..'1 5)! 's<-1)<(-'-2% 4 4 Preocular: Arora se Mette A oc chet estas aaa 86 1-2 asymmetrical.......--.--------- 10 Dipilatenal soso. ees. Cat ae oe eer 4 PaSasvMamMepriCala = 9 Pye ceils om yi taal Wleioe aural Postoculars: S normal. :2...52...---54-'s 5-22-24 | 80 3-2 asymmetrical.....-...------- Sera 10 3-4 asymmetrical.......--.------+-- | 6 Dipilatorals sb. ee siaciine ee =| 2 Agilatoral.eesere mee oo: wanes esas | 2 Anterior temporal: i TORMAIS. olen alsa crater aoc es 94 1-2 asymmetrical.......------------ 4 SO ilaterals see se tee idsc le stele Naren 2 Posterior temporals: DNGMMBl se ses sess aos - see ees | 82 2-3 symmetrical........------------ | 12 S$ bilateral... 0- =< <2) oe = a1 a | 6 Supralabials: | Smnormale eles. 2 ae oc atete si sicicisie 94 8-7 asymmetrical.......----------- | 4 8-9 asymmetrical.......------------ poke eee e Neves 2 Infralabials: | HO normals oe Shere ee seme aaa 74 10-11 asymmetrical.....-..--------- 6 10-9 asymmetrical........---------- | 10 10-8 asymmetrical.......----------- | 2 Gipilateralssseee ee hee oes acca: | 4 9-8 asymmetrical......-....-------- 4 Gislateral. cad. ce eee See eset hig | oe), leekeeuicc sees Anal: PUNtiRe MON ales saeco tain iajeiae = 90 MEA ie eh seers cial an ctaiste eis ate ote 10 Urosteges: Paired normaleo..-2.-6/04--- =e. == 72 itorA entite.2f2iob 8 Tee. sae 28 Gastrosteges (plates)........------------ 145-164 Urosteges (plates).....--..------------- 66-85 358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. The following table accentuates the difference in the two series, the San Francisco group containing fewer specimens that vary from what may be assumed to be the normal for the region. San Francisco. Sausalito. Per cent. Per cent. Normal in all characters...............- 38 Abnormal in one character.............- 30 44 Abnormal in two characters............- 22 20 Abnormal in three characters........-.-.- 8 14 Abnormal in four characters...........-- 2 6 ‘Aibnormaliin five characters) 4-5-5) eee |bee eee | 2 The color characters of the two sets differ to a marked degree. All the specimens captured or seen in Golden Gate Park have the pro- nounced spotted pattern. Of those from the Sausalito peninsula about two-thirds of the examples are similarly marked, though in darker tones. The remaining one-third have the striped pattern; in these the ground is a dark brown, the dorsal and lateral spots are absent, the median and lateral stripes are distinct, and are without any red on the underside. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. In the Memoir of Doctor Ruthven it was pointed out that the speci- mens of this species became smaller, the head shields reduced in num- ber, and the scale rows less numerous as the range extended to the north. The various sets presented in the following tables confirm these findings. The one additional fact brought out is that these dwarfed members of the species are prone to be found in localities having lower temperatures, rather than merely a higher latitude. MERCED CouN'ty, CALIFORNIA. Scale formulas 21—23—21—19—17 21—19—17 | | Scale rows. 5 Museum. * o Cal. Ac. Sci,| Locality. 2) fee lee lags ae re > > > a 3 : - 3 4 : + | 1 l S i aukehe 2 a| & nlol;qib my Q a g Nm 1A No. 2179. VARIATION IN GARTER SNAKES—THOMPSON. 309 eT MonrTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. Scale formulas 19-21-19-17 19-17 19-17-15 irrssrirncn nnn ne Uy SESE SEEEEE SEI Ieee Seale rows. Museum : Cal. Ac. Sci| Locality. aie Blsis/B|s = . ; > ea 5 a ‘ : ; a 2 + | 1 Le Meee | 2 | Bee S| CANS | ad | tS eR es Psa eran tales n| a ee nae ee eee | = — se O2194e Se Alameda.........]| & |162 | e€ | (?) |28 33'63 67} 90 93 |....-. 1 3 2} 3 8]; 10 SO1Obe aes so cbse GO -w scenes & {161 | € | 86/28 29\63 75] 88 89]...... 1 3 1 3 8 10 OAL OG se = ome ol cree sic dost ees oe ONG 2a) er 84 55222 81 83/105 104)...... 1 4 1 3 8 10 —Ill Cal me Sci. | San Leandra..... 6 |162')) « | (%) (28 27161 66) 89 85.|....:- 2 |e Qn) ae ees 9 Uni Cal. 5417 Paroley S eisiatspeiate 158 | e | 80 23 26/67 66) 90 91 |...... 2 2) 2) 3 8} 10 ee ee se O ces oeate ae 163 | € | 82 [25 27/69 69] 88 89|......| 2 2 1 3 8 10 2419 eae | vied tae ncn le TBS ac VTS loses ee PASS sees: 3.4). -1)] 5 Se aR The prevailing arrangement of color in this set is as follows: Ground dark olive brown; dorsal and lateral spots usually present in the young and absent in the adult; median stripe pale yellow in the young, orange or vermillion in the adult; lateral stripe light olive gray, with or without salmon; below uniform greenish gray, or with salmon spots. Sonoma County, CALIFORNIA. Seale formulas 19-17 19-17-15 Seale rows. Z S&S 3 Museum : | a Cal. Ac. Sci. Locality. . | x s ‘5 ste ey ta a mite g| 3 5 bly VS ola eae Rae wm | OS) | wo “1/103: 218) 555-2 ES 1 3 8 | 9mI-+IV PAO Setaa cca caw < doz... =’: & |157 | € | (2) |23 26/51 61/84 85]........|.....- is 1 3 8 10 DeSUSE sicslcce| acne doze. O48 env Sse locos. | eeeee 77. %9|130- 137|-. 2-2 Trail 3 8 |9MI-+IV DEAD Ueicee sc o[ocinns dol... . © 1149 | e€ | (?) 13 a 63/89) (90) cc. cesscleccsee 22 1 Ses 10 The color design of this set is as follows: The ground varies from olive brown to olive gray; dorsal and lateral spots when present small and indistinct; the median stripe distinct and yellowish or merely indicated as a lighter tint than the ground color; lateral stripe usually poorly defined. Det Norte County, CALIFORNIA. Seale formulas 19-21-19-17 19-17 Seale rows. Gular. Museum Cal. Ac.| Locality. Us : : : : i Infral. ee = + o - Sci. : E F = a eels 2 . o n Slsl< @la}/e]s lal4/Slala 29076 | Regua o {156 | € | 79 (II—III)| 29 31) 58 54] 78 82)...... LS belle FS |e 10 BU esc ay. 0 UL OON ee alt ae LO SOE 22 oe. oe eee 4D eee ee dy ceases 1 3} «8 9 29073) Wakes. do © 157 | « (9) 28 26) 60 60) 89 89)......]...]... 1 3| 8/8 II+III 10 VITI+ 1X 29080 |..... do....| Q {147 CR fod Eee alsetees WAMTOS = Mees! ere ewe 1 iS 8 9 29082 }..... do....| 9 |1534] « G8) Sze a ocean S45 86[Re cee e ls 2 1 3). 8 10 The colors are dull; ground dark brown; spots absent or indicated by darker tones; median stripe dull orange, lateral yellowish grey. This set begins to show the marked reduction in size that occurs to the north; the largest, No. 29081, measures 640 mm.; tail, 161; head, from tip of snout to behind angle of jaw, 22.5; snout, 7.2; eye, 3.5. 562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. Curry County, OREGON. Scale formulas 17-19-17-15 17-15 Scale rows. | Gulas. Museum : r Cal. Ac. Sci. Locality. . & las Supral. Infral. Bas alee aimed : ; rien ieeot | paren ta | | Cl1”Z/P) ole wm | Odio SS 3 = a [Aste a | 29272 | Harbor.....| d {139 « | 70 a ale A185) Sle s 2) Te Sl aries 7 8III+IV 9 2 9 33 47/34 48 | 20274: |e se do ral Ss 146, CF TF | stiereretal stotatetare 10) Bai sexe Si as 7 9 29275 |....- do wey | LE SINe | Fi) sorte re meiere 76 79).. Li 3) aes 7 9 29268 |..... do fo] OH LSSIhe wi n7i| seecme|ocectes 74 «(75!.. 2} 2) 1} 3 7 9 29278 |= 255.0 Gases ee} D140 es] cael ae ee eee 80 80 1] 3} 1] 3] 8(II) 9 29277 |j..... G0s2. 2-2 é 140) He cl soaebelee eee at hile 1} 3} | 3} 817 8 (III+IV 29218 leacne GOs... 52 8 Di retisecleecece|aocsee 84 83 sl 22 7 8 (III+IV ZO2O9 Nae ne do ise 2[r€*|(66) 52. a . % NLS ats | | Oo [fray Ou ES nljOoldjp) & 3 ay {Aid|} AN 29688 | Tillamook} ¢ |145| € | 60.27 3157 57/87 85 2} 2}1/347 8II 10M 9 VIII 29693 |....- Oe ul t46 [hen (2) eaekecl seme - 90 87 Tl ates 7 8 29690 |..... do....| ¢ 149] « | 71/29 27/52 50) 93 94 1] .2).2:13 7 8 29692 |..... do 142| € | 5926 3756 60/101 100; 1] 23113 7. oO TEL #8 29694 |..... do 146] « | 5626 2665 63/120 120 1) 21|3|)6V+VI7 8 DOG07 enone do nV) io KG?) eee |eemexe 90 89 91 21113 7 8 29695 |..... do 152| « 1) 2) 153 7 8 This set has the normal scheme for the northern limits; ground brown; spots absent or small; median stripe orange or yellowish green. The largest (No. 29694) measures 496 mm. CHEHALIS CoUNTY, WASHINGTON. Scale formulas 17-19-17-15 17-15 Scale rows. Gulars Museum * Cal. Ac. Sci. Locality. 2 2 = |/ S| 2] s 73 laldiala 29940 | Melbourne.) ¢ |139) € |(?)|30 27|53 53) 82 78 12) Aes 7 8 29938) | .2-.< dos: & |143] € | 63/20 22/58 57) 90 87]....|...|--- 2) 2)611I+IV 7 9VII 8 29930 |..... doscce- o& \145] € | 67/29 36/51 54/98 96)....]...]--- ji} 3 7 9VII 8 29932 |..... dots 2. & \147| € | 63/30 30/55 55) 89 88).._.]... 1) 3 7 9VII 8 90087) | S25. < d0ssee. Sua Tike Guinea h ae QO OT [ssa ee lS APS il 8 24101 | Montesano.| ¢ |150) € |(?)|......|.....- 86 90) oO} 4) 1 3 7 8 29931 | Melbourne. g 141) e€ |(?)/23 24163 60) 85 92)....]...]..- 2-1) 3 a 8 29980) |o setae doses. 141) € |(?)|27 26/66 63} 90 90)....]...]... 13 7 8 29936) |. 32 doee22- 143] € |(?)|26 26/56 55) 96 88)....]...].-. Lp3 7 8 29933 |....- d0.2.e- 144) e | 60/41 31/41 31) 91 83)....]...)... 1) 3/7611II+1V 8 47 48 20939) |e ek ac Osean: | 9 |144] € | 63/20 13/75 77|—TIII125)....|... Siete |iael ee 9II 8 9 VII 122 24102 | Montesano.) 9 /145) e | 59/25 23/70 76121 122)....; 1) 2) 1) 3 7| 7 ViI4+VIll 29934 | Melbourne.| 9 |146) € | 57/23 23/56 52) —III |....]... eee Lao it 8 84 83 24103 | Montesano.| 9 |148) e | 59/26 28/69 70) 115 110)....]...]..- aS 7/8, 7III+IV The color pattern of these northern specimens is generally dull, not pronounced; ground olive grey; dorsal and lateral spots small and faint; median stripe barely a shade paler than the ground color, in others sharply defined. 364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Paciric County, WASHINGTON. Scale formulas 17-19-17-15 17-15 Seale rows. Gulars Museum ‘ | No. Locality. 2 , ‘ ; .| Infral. Cal. Ac. Sci. > > al . a _ _ - oS * é ih) ee Bi. + | | |S |¢gl\R\s|s| alS{dip} S [Ss lals|alala 29925 | Trap Creek .....| gi |144) € |(?) 22 22 58 54/107 103)... 1) 3} 2) 3) 7 OVE 8 DIO2AN Ss SeGO boos. ese o |146) € | 72 35 31 54 56)113 116)... 1} 3} 2) 3| 7 8 Bens C i 2. dO cc 3. 5... TG [FOO teh cade 108 100)....} 1} 3) 1) 3| 7 8 29926 |..... Oh ee ee eau 146 3 11-2) 3) 7 9 VII e (| +V —IV 94 100).... 25 26 66 69 | This set has markedly somber hues; the ground dark brown; dorsal and lateral spots indicated by darker shades; median stripe narrow, pale yellow; lateral stripe distinct; below dark grey. The measurements of the largest specimen, No. 29923, are as follows: Total length, 516 mm.; tail, 115; head, 17; snout, 4.8; eye, 2.6 mm. SUMMARY OF SCALE FORMULAE IN THAMNOPHIS ORDINOIDES. A tabulated summary of the occurrence of the different scale for- mulae in these various sets will show at a glance the prevailing types for each locality; to facilitate comparison they are given as per- centages. California. Oregon. Washing: g Scale formulas. ° 4 Ee . : Sail ath ee) a\ 2 3| 2 Seg et Ble it | alee S fi aie Se Pa) Bel Fe gg | OE ve iy zy le pee ltiae | aia ee S18 | 8.) Bf gel oe be [oe | Bo) 3 | Bales eee mij eet | oa | deb ie] a |e] S| a) ope 225 —ZIA1 OAV 7: 2s 72. [Seas |= sole cant ooc| ene |eee -(fee-|8- cel. ecole ee ape et eee BQ pos tq ceici sists OE erate cer A Ue Gi 233 Nes 2215 clen, ate ee ee Qe SOS ae ote a= |e 50 |. 71 | 56 | 66 sie) 99). 40) be ss | See eee eee NOS 7 Lis ra] = hain! beset |e = este SE nS ifiolere| ake clla = etal rte) Ses ee err DIEU S sae donors | <0 12 | 50 | 14 | 16 | 10 63 60:20 Slee eee NOS Oe ee cscicve o2)s|!eee Yl 3 SoZ 166: Ste | [66 |e aealneeelerise eae eee NLS ets os sls cso leraeelleerseiie alee clare Di sePspeses [oss sale oem ers | Segere ree eee A NR os 25 Salis = eters Sees | ORL sa ee NS 16 | 57 | 82 | 21 ges cies 2|o si alate = Zee eile <2 3| eee lee haat 76 | 28} 18] 79 MIU LOS Ae ata soho tie lap elltsheatal|(e etesi[e & Sees 2 ace] ees | epee [tse ese | eee | P| Soe Asyminenmcalyc 2.1) 6 f2lecil 4. Siy- 2h At SORE RT: SE age 8} V4 [occ fstes This table brings out several instructive facts. The decrease in the number of rows in specimens from more northern regions is not a perfectly regular one, each locality having a decidedly different aver- age. In the same locality there is never a single type. Where two or more fomulas exist they are never equally divided among the speci- mens, one type regularly predominating to a marked degree. > No. 2179. VARIATION IN GARTER SNAKES—THOMPSON. 86 nr NOTE ON SCALE FORMULA IN THAMNOPHIS PARIETALIS (SAY) AND THAMNOPHIS COCCINUS (HALLOWELL). Another species of garter snake found in the same region with 7. ordinoides is Thamnophis parietalis (Say) 1823; this form is note- worthy in possessing but one type of squamation, there being 19 rows anteriorly and 17 posteriorly. As this formula is a fairly prevalent one in 7. ordinoides it will prove of interest to compare a small set of each species from the same locality. Specimens have been chosen from Skaggs Springs, Sonoma County, California, owing to this place being approximately in the middle of the area occupied by T. ordinoides. SKAGGS SPRINGS, SONOMA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. T. ORDINOIDES. Scale rows. Museum Cal. Ac. Sci. | Sex. G. 7 | 19—IV. | 17 cent. GAO ee eee eee Ee pe teraeers cs Male. .... 157 SOUS 9s Shee eee BOO Mee eee ise eee eee eis Le Gorse 162 BB Oli Shere te QB024O ka. Ree Eerste cS Saye Se oe Female. . 150 ile TORS oe ee SO Mae meee res acetate I re Oss 150 SOn Soe ere eee PE SME eine Sets epee eee dom a2. 160 S40 Ste... eee SU) 2 OMe nee RL ye ee eine were en Male. .... 157 TOO: 900 |e eee 2a ee ty a ele kia, Autry se Female .- 151 SOG SR ae Ne ae aS RR arse cuca raree a teeters Seen eral donsee 154 SO!- 822| ane eae Sa te etna Se Ray ee ane eee HUT doe 157 84) 285 ils eer 25 (02 2 Ep se esc sna free AS, Nahe ge ioral Sok Goesas: 157 90 ie SiTisleeceaee This table shows that there is a tendency in T. parietalis for the 19-row zone to be continued a little further down the body. This, however, is merely a slight difference in the averages of two small sets. The only remaining species found along the Northwest Coast is 7. cocernus (Hallowell) 1852, this also presents the one scale count of 19-17. TRASK, TILLAMOOK COUNTY, OREGON. T. COCCINUS. Scale rows. Museum Cal. Ac. Sci. Sex. G. 19—IV. 17 cent. | AIRS AO ee ne a onli Soe eee ae G Male..... 167 Si QIN. seas OS SRE tt ELIS Eh: Aah N remy § BUS SMI Th done) 162 SSeS OAS ch: SOR eee AO ea ere ees roars Secep Me ee ee pk doers 160 85, GAG Ste ee SN PTs SS Sehesiacs saath ctana SE) stop a ee Female. - 159 SOc 89 inte see OSAP eee aN Ls 2 a0 EAS eh ie PES OE Me Sk dow: | 154 QO? (QA |e. sa 366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. This table shows that the IV row does not extend quite so far down the body as in parietalis. VOL. 52. SUMMARY OF SCALAE FORMULAS IN GENUS THAMNOPHIS. Doctor Ruthven recognizes 19 species of garter snakes in North America. Among these there are known 11 distinct combinations of scale row counts. The occurrence of the various combinations among the different species may be seen from the following table: Ke 3 wo _ a nr nw. | oo 1 : a a Stage eae : Species. a PS) Aaa bac 8 | aS eS ata S em Ne cs Ripe eet eal eet Arriah ee tema | een crema ts el eo tam ae MN esl Sian ee n qn S Ss S | S Ses iS co ee ja | MCU ALO DS ie si58 fis 3 = oR cr eke oe | Oe Nae A Lieny Wi oes |e aclls2e «| eee eee eee MOT CUNO Sar eee ee Noe Se ee a ite B . crbiliey ysis agekcie || Ste ote rete eee ee Faria ei Re eee x) Ey Leaienes Sea ORS 1 eee ee BULLEN eco e eit: So se eee ae ese | ee lees .aleee odie | Ree Et oer eS PTODUMVUS cae ckt < oe ee ee = eee Srna rere | ue Fe Ii a ee eae DS UTTER Oe ae eee ae SR oe eo | ee S| eee eee ee ee A ae eee | eo ISACKEN Ue ee eee oi Ae era cee | cp sek] eh Sy all ete ce IE ets [id cee Sear | eee eee ee | Angustirosiris ...-....-. Seebeck fi te VC SSN ee hee cls 2 os al eee ee FEED AILS MIE Nery Beate en INS eee |e a se sic re ell ee ra ae ee Or anodes OF i te Rae ree ee * x * * % * * * * * LEN TTC SECO AOR A EEN ae Pe ele OAT see eran eee | eee ee Melanogaster ........-.- zis eerste PISS sl Bi lores eseaiecccel cae ene eee ee IS COLOTAS Sas Pye te hee eee bss Si| aie vepcs| eye oe oe [ice i x | Se ay | SEEVOD Xan oc Non selene es | ohne * eo oe sl ee ee 207s | ee ICD Se Sea, Se aie fol e a ale adeelnc scllages| oy eee ee eee |S seo eee IS ULTUICHT OSU TS Sane a cee Ee ee ete pen Mb Ey eal Be ok ole eee |e ae es PE OTICELOLIS see eye ae Se hee eee | ey ee eee BT coca sl era ae OCCTNALS Ee Le oe oe ee Aare a ee ae | Rb Sale| ee DS ATLQLUS Wace ee Spee ve Aad Ne BO lis AA eet Rc) Skee ee ee Inspection of this table shows that the formula of 19-17 is the most frequent, as it occurs in 12 species; also that there are eight spe- cies with only one scale row count, which in these cases is regularly one of the following three: 21-19-17, 19-21-19-17, or 19-17; and, finally, that in Thamnophis ordinoides, there are to be found twice as many combinations as are to be seen in any of the other species. If ordinoides is a valid species it offers an example at variance with the prevailing condition in which it is the species with the widest ranges that vary the most, for ordinoides has one of the smallest areas of distribution in the genus. If the converse is true, which is most probable, and it ultimately proves to be inseparable from elegans, it will then conform to the rule in having a wide distribution and a large variability. The handling of large series of garter snakes will inevitably result in bringing about a readjustment and broadening of one’s concept of what may be implied by Wallace’s phrase: ‘The variability of a species in the state of nature.” TROPHODISCUS, A NEW SEA STAR FROM KAMCHATKA. By Watrter K. FIsHer, Of Stanford University, California. The new genus and species described herewith belongs to the family Astropectinidae, and stands near to Leptychaster, especially to Lepty- chaster propinquus and L. anomalus. In Leptychaster, or rather in those species of the genus found in the northern hemisphere, the gonads have a very characteristic distribution which so far as now known is not found elsewhere among starfishes. In the great major- ity of sea stars the gonads are confined to the interradial region and usually form a single tuft or cluster of tubules on either side of the interbrachial septum. In Leptychaster this is true of the ovaries only, while the testes form a series of clusters hanging from the genital stolon, and extending about a third the length of the ray measured along the side. In the new genus, as well as in Dipsacaster, Tethy- aster, and several other genera of the Astropectinidae both the ovaries and testes are so distributed, without any apparent difference, other than the cellular structure. The gonads are, therefore, serially arranged. Trophodiscus may be distinguished from the shorter-rayed species of Dipsacaster by the uncovered, relatively smaller madreporic body, by the interruption of the papular area along the midradial line (where, in Dipsacaster the papulae are normally largest), and by the wholly unarmed inferomarginals (except D. anoplus Fisher). No species of Dipsacaster, so far as known, broods its young. TROPHODISCUS, new genus. Characters.—Near to Leptychaster Smith, but differingin having both ovaries and testes serially arranged along each side of the proximal half of the ray. Form stellato-pentagonal; with conspicuous mar- ginals, large compact paxillae, carinated actinal intermediate plates, and a pectinate furrow armature; no enlarged marginal spines; an incomplete interradial series of actinal intermediate plates; madre- poric body uncovered; papulae absent from center of disk and a very narrow radial area. Young carried on back of the female, among the paxillae. Type.— Trophodiscus almus, new species. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 52—No. 2180. 367 368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. TROPHODISCUS ALMUS, new species. Description.—Rays 5. R=43mm.,r=26 mm., R=1.65r; cotype: R=39mm.,r=25mm.,R=1.56r. General form stellato-pentagonal with short, broad rays, arcuate interbrachia, and slightly to decidedly swollen abactinal area, broadly margined by the short, wide infero- marginal plates; rays evenly tapered beyond the base to a bluntly pointed extremity. When the abactinal integument is not stretched the paxillae are very compactly placed. They are largest at about the middle of R (at base of ray proper), whence they decrease in size only slightly laterally, but gradually toward the end of the ray, where the crown is only one-half to one-third the width of the largest paxillae. Inside a circular area bounded by the madreporic body the paxillae rapidly become smaller toward the center of the disk. The large paxillae have a convex crown of 20 to 30 subtruncate, or round-tipped slightly clavate spinelets, about 4 to 5 times as long as their breadth at tip and about 2 to 2.5 times the length of the stout, slightly flaring pedicel of the paxilla. The 10 to 15 spinelets on the convexity of the tabulum are a trifle stouter than the peripheral ones. The abactinal plates, or bases of the paxillae, viewed from the coelomic side show two principal forms. Those of the central area of disk and a median band along the ray are subcircular or very broadly elliptical, the margin being slightly crenulated or incipiently lobed in most cases. The plates touch each other or even slightly overlap. On the disk they are more crowded than on the outer part of the ray. On the lateral areas of rays and disk the plates are more widely spaced and have 4, 5, or 6 distinct but irregular lobes. Along a narrow zone next the marginal plates the abactinal plates quickly become smaller, with short, overlapping lobes. The papulae are absent from the center of the disk and a very nar- row midradial band, upon which a papula will sometimes encroach. They are best developed wherever the abactinal plates have well- marked lobes. Supermarginal plates 19, forming a broad, slightly raised, beveled margin or frame to the abactinal surface. The plates are short and relatively broad, and decrease regularly in width toward the end of ray. They are covered with fairly large polygonal granules, which form an irregular tessellation and increase slightly in size toward the outer, rounded end or edge of the plate. The granules are rather squamiform in appearance, except the peripheral which are slenderer and spiniform. Inferomarginal plates 19, slightly broader than the superomarginals and extending laterally beyond them a variable but short distance (not more than a fourth the width of the superomarginals; in the type less), so as to define the ambitus in the interbrachium at least. In- » No. 2180. A NEW SEA STAR FROM KAMCHATKA—FISHER. 369 feromarginal granules squamiform, increasing in size toward the outer margin of the plate where they are larger than the corresponding superomarginal granules. The marginal plates have deep fasciolar grooves between their specialized raised ridges. The grooves in the interbrachium are about three-fourths the width or thickness of the intervening ridges, and on the rays about one-half. Unless the granules are removed the grooves are entirely hidden. Actinal intermediate plates arranged in very regular series leading from the adambulacral plates to margin, and also in about six series parallel to the adambulacrals. There is an odd interradial series, starting outside a pair of plates opposite the outer end of mouth plates and nearly reaching the margin. The plates have elliptical, trans- versely oriented pedicels or tabula (separated by fasciolar channels), bearing a paxilliform group of 15 to 18 peripheral and about 12 to 18 stouter central spinelets. The spinelets are short, clavate, and are more or less bent or dressed toward the margin, the ends of the cen- tral spinelets being obliquely truncated and somewhat flaring. Adambulacral plates with a somewhat tabulate surface, there being awell-defined groove between this and the adjacent actinal intermediate plates, and a slightly deeper groove separates consecutive plates. The armature consists of a peripheral series of about 13 spines of which 6, or 5, stand on the furrow margin and form a regular comb. These spines are roughly four-sided and bluntly pointed, or round- tipped (the end being beveled), and the adoral, as well as sometimes the aboral, are shorter than the central four. The other peripheral spinelets are a little longer than the adjacent actinal intermediate spinelets. Four to six subambulacral spines form usually two series, ora group. In the type there are often two well-defined longitudinal, subambulacral series of four or five spines each, as well as several on the outer edge of the plate. Mouth plates prominent and rather narrow at the outer end, and flaring to form a broader lanceolate inner half. Marginal spines about 12, largest at the inner end. There is a series of short spines along the median suture margin, a similar series along the center of each plate, and a series of slenderer spinelets along the margin adjacent to the first adambulacral. First adambulacral moderately compressed. Madreporic body subcircular, convex, not hidden by paxillae. It is situated nearly midway between the center and inner margin of the superomarginal plates. Striae irregularly radiating, branched. The margin is overhung more or less by paxillae, but these do not spring from the surface as in Dipsacaster. Anal aperture small but distinct. Gonads, both ovaries and testes, in small branched tufts hanging from a genital rachis which lies nearly midway between median radial line and the margin. The tufts extend about half the length of ray meas- 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17—— 24 370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. ured along side. Hepatic coeca short, with few thick, saccular, lateral pockets. Intestinal coecum small, saccular. Interbrachial septum membranous. Superambulacral plates present. Tube-feet pointed; ampullae large, double. The large saccular stomach consists of only a single chamber, there being no trace of a dorsal division. The short hepatic coeca are arranged about equidistantly on the circumference. In the stomach is a bivalve—a Yoldia or related form—22 by 12mm. It is remark- able that such a large body could be swallowed. Young.—Among the paxillae of the abactinal surface are 28 young starfishes, and in addition the forms where three others have been. These vary in size from 3 to 8 mm. in diameter, and their distribution coincides exactly with that of the gonads. Another curious circum- stance: The largest young are found nearest the interradial line, while the others with a few exceptions are graduated in size distad, just as the tufts of the gonads are. The smallest young are nearly covered by the overarching paxillae, but as they increase in size the paxillae are pushed aside and the intervening abactinal membrane is stretched to extreme thinness. Viewed from the coelomic side, the young, which form a sort of excrescence impinging upon the coel- omic space, can be seen through the semitransparent integument. The young have no organic connection with the parent. Since they lie immediately over the apertures of the gonads, it is possible that they grow by feeding upon ova which are extruded for that purpose. Or, there is a possibility that they may use coelomic fluid received through a papular pore, produced by the simple process of digesting the papula itself. The abactinal membrane is thin enough so that fluid might be actually drawn through it if the stomach could per- form a sucking process. Lastly, the tips of the rays are usually turned upward a bit so that food currents might readily conduct microscopic organisms to the mouth along the ambulacral groove. An examination of the stomach of one of the larger individuals did not reveal the exact nature of the food. The stomach was full of a material, apparently solidified by alcohol, in which I was able to dis- tinguish what appeared to be fragments of cells, but no silicious or calcareous remains. The stomach of a small individual was partly everted. The cotype, a male, has no young on the abactinal surface. Sladen, in the Asteroidea of the Challenger expedition,! has figured a specimen of Leptychaster kerguelenensis Smith, with numerous young on the abactinal surface. In this species the young leave the arcade-like spaces among the paxillae, and remain on the surface of the paxillae with their actinal side outward. Type.—Cat. No. 37029, U.S.N.M. 1 Challenger Asteroidea, 1889, pl. 31, fig. 1. * No. 2180. A NEW SEA STAR FROM KAMCHATKA—FISHER. 371 Type-locality.— Albatross station 3644, southeast coast of Kam- chatka, lat. 51° 16’ N.; long. 157° 48’ W., 96 fathoms, black sand, bot- tom temperature 33.1° Fahrenheit; 2 specimens. Location of the gonads in Leptychaster.—In four species of the genus Leptychaster, which I have been able to examine, the testes differ in distribution from the ovaries. In L. arcticus, L. pacificus, L. propin- quus, and L. anomalus (the last three being North Pacific species) the ovaries are in a single tuft close to the interradial septum—a pair, thus, in each interbrachium. In some specimens the branches may extend far along the ray, but they are attached in only one place, as stated above. In the male the gonads form a series of independent tufts of tubules, parallel with the margin, and distributed for a third to nearly a half the length of ray, according to the size of the speci- men. The distribution of the testes in the above species of Lepty- chaster is therefore similar to the distribution of both ovaries and testes in Trophodiscus, Dipsacaster, Ctenopleura, Tethyaster, Thrissa- canthias, and other genera. This condition of the gonads is appar- ently characteristic of the genus Leptychaster, although of course, it will doubtless be found to be true of other genera. The reason I did not discover this when working up my North Pacific Asteroidea, Part I, was the fact that I dissected then only a single example of each species, which happened in all cases to be a female. Recently, at the United States National Museum, I found “serial gonads”’ in a specimen of L. arcticus, from station 21, Cashes Ledge. A specimen from station 4779 (North Pacific) has serial gonads and is a male, while a female from station 5047 has strictly interradial, nonserial, gonads. This arrangement of the gonads holds true in all specimens exam- ined, namely: Leptychaster propinquus, 2 males and 3 females; station 4788. L. anomalus, 1 male, station 4233; 1 female, station 4280. L. pacificus, 1 male, station 3223; 2 females, station 2862. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. All figures are of Trophodiscus almus. PLATE 28. Abactinal surface of the holotype, showing the young among the paxillae. PLATE 29. Actinal surface of the paratype. PuLaTE 30. Base of ray and portion of disk, enlarged to show the young. The arrows point to very small young. at oy at UE AD eo ate i Pay 4 ne ND He 2 ate . ar pone ae vas tt eaten ee en eee eat a | witha eae eGo gana te irate a ae aye citee ‘" Ah 18 enti REO, Tt he ‘thes nell HOUT S324 wii. aa Ts tyke ee ora : if nels 4 2 a_i Wihitearods bien ny * Nate Aish Whey: ap ie 40h ah Roem. a hi thi jyanlbay® Re H8 viattet ba atta en Svat sib “entailing heb bers pa es m raat re 7. 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" a ep Ln . i Py sath Feit eal tact UE +a aehigey ot ee gio st i 5 gain teuttaadly AF ~ ae wr.s i> i Pt ; ; saa eR ; ; oe a f : © o ies ot thi . ‘ : i ae arin fi rh, bt Hat) ees Sachin Hie as thei) et oF See — an . a 7 ; ( = 2 f y 7 Sean rr ae eae. os 1, Ori Bgy eR alae eh. rhMtart aii vig « dep: ie iS 7 z. ) ; ee sa / ot - 4 - ; ua ana Die ie, . i ¥ pes shad te a We (ug : Va a¥ 4a “ 4 fis ao ; nT ut 7 / fy wr 5 ve c we ’ : - i 1AM Bey, ed ieee ater Hid Be, ahs y S50 aid as ae ait, wi sutton: Gi dys het abit a =4 Pa; ay rie re ae : sr ms : hay ig i _— : . - ay al ; = a ; a? a a - - ‘ APES. ate % a ad ‘ me a : ; . ; " Pi ' ee sae nis ORs) dy lac acobe, * , 7 poet - ; My an . ; Ms mat i oy a ede a « ie nN sed oe, tren ntomil . a at et ole > 7 ; - mM 7 - om SOR” ai a . ‘ a 7 wal ; i ; ; 7 7 =a , 1 a y va Sa j " af fF 7 ie : ae i Rs ae } Pe ar a fe U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 28 ABACTINAL SURFACE OF TROPHODISCUS ALMUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 371. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 29 ACTINAL SURFACE OF TROPHODISCUS ALMUS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 371. * PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 30 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Ray AND DISK OF TROPHODISCUS ALMUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 371. NEW TERTIARY INSECTS. By T. D. A. CockERELL, Of the University of Colorado, Boulder. The insects now described come from three different localities and horizons. One species was obtained by the United States Geological Survey in the oil shales (Eocene) of western Colorado. Others are from Florissant, Colorado, where they were obtained in the well- known Miocene shales. These include, in addition to a number of new species, new genera of Diptera and Hymenoptera. All the above are in the United States National Museum, but I have also included some descriptions of species from the Oligocene of Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight, England, transmitted for examination by the British Museum, through the kindness of Dr. F. A. Bather. These came originally from the collection of the Rey. P. B. Brodie, as did those in the United States National Museum which I recently described in these pro- ceedings." DIPTERA. RIPHIDIA BRODIEI, new species (Tipulidae). Plate 31, fig. 2. Wing about 5 mm. Jong and 1.5 wide, pale brownish, with very faint clouds at ends of first marginal and first basal cells; costa with minute bristles, but no evident bristles on the veins; venation almost exactly as in R. maculata Meigen. The following wing measurements are in microns: first basal cell on first marginal (not allowing for curve) 770; first basal on submarginal (not allowing for curve) 432; first basal on first posterior, 130; first basal on discal, 336; upper side of discal cell, 640; discal on second posterior, 130; discal on third posterior, 320. Oligocene: Gurnet Bay (Brodie). British Museum, I. 8603. MONGOMA CRUCIFERELLA, new species (Tipulidae). Plate 31, fig. 3. Wing about 5 mm. long, hyaline, without spots, veins brown; vena- tion agreeing in general character with living Mongoma, the anterior cross-vein apparently absent (fused with R,,,); veins at apex of first 1 Proc, U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 51, 1916, pp. 89-106. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 52—No. 2181. 373 374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. marginal cell forming a cross or X, R, proceeding from the apical point of the cell; veins apically limiting basal cells oblique, in a straight line with one another, exactly as in M. niveitarsis Alexander. The follow- ing measurements are in microns: length of first marginal cell, 1950; first basal on submarginal, 400; apical side of first basal, 224; apical side of second basal, 320; first marginal on first submarginal, 800. Oligocene: Gurnet Bay (Brodie). British Museum, I. 8635. The X at end of first marginal cell is distinctive. The position of R, shifts in various members of the genus. In M. pallida Williston and M. fragillima Westwood it separates considerably beyond the end of first marginal cell, but in I. niveitarsis it is before (basad of) the tip of that cell, or rather originates from the upper corner of the truncate tip. The genus Mongoma is today tropicopolitan, and on account of the diversity of venation has been divided by authors, but Alexander shows that the groups grade into one another. TIPULA GARDNER], new species (Tipulidae). Plate 31, fig. 1. Wing about 18 mm. long and 4 wide, the apex low down, giving the wing a subfalcate appearance; no distinct markings but a dark gray stigmatic cloud, the end of which is 5 mm. from apex of wing; second vein (R,,,) not evidently turned upward at end; third vein going to wing tip; costal vein bounding marginal and submarginal cells very strong and dark; discal cell rather long and narrow, as in some of the American Miocene (Florissant) species; fifth posterior not quite touching discal. Oligocene: Gurnet Bay (Brodie). British Museum, I. 8663. This is readily known from the species of Baltic amber by its size. It is named after J. S. Gardner, who is known for his work on the Tertiary plants of England. BIBIO WICKHAMI Cockerell (Bibionidae). A new specimen from Florissant (U.S.N.M.) has the following char- acters: Length about 11.25 mm.; wing, nearly 7; head, thorax, and legs, black; abdomen, reddish brown, with broad hyaline bands, which are about half as wide as the intervals between them; wings hyaline, the costal field broadly suffusedly brownish, a large dusky stigmatic spot. Wing measurements in microns: Third vein before anterior cross-vein, 640; third vein beyond cross-vein, 3,520; cross-vein, 80; width of first posterior cell at level of end of third vein, 640; width of second at same level, 608; third posterior cell on wing margin, 1,280. ¥ No. 2181. NEW TERTIARY INSECTS—COCKERELL. 315 BIBIO GURNETENSIS, new species. Plate 31, fig. 4. Wing about 5 mm. long, clear hyaline, stigmatic region pale brown- ish, venation normal for the genus. The following measurements are in microns: Upper apical side of first basal cell, 145; lower apical side (on first posterior) of first basal, 640; second basal on first pos- terior cell, 960; second basal on fourth posterior, 1,040. Oligocene: Gurnet Bay (Brodie). British Museum, I. 8641. The apical sides of the first basal cell (the upper short, the lower, or cross- vein, long) are like those of the Florissant fossil B. atavus Cockerell. Meunier lists no species of Bibio from Baltic amber. BIBIO OLIGOCENUS, new species. Plate 31, fig. 5. Wing about 8 mm. long, fuliginous; the whole costal region very dark. Venation normal for the genus. Stem of vein, 2-3 before dis- cal cross-vein 896 microns long, and discal cross-vein only 256 microns. Lower end of discal cross-vein 1,440 microns apicad of level of basal corner of fourth posterior cell. Oligocene: Gurnet Bay (Brodie). British Museum, I. 8650. Readily distinguished by the dark wings and the venation as de- scribed. PLECIA WINCHESTERI, new species (Bibionidae). Wing about 7.3 mm. long and 3 broad, dilute fuliginous; third vein rather strongly arched; anterior cross-vein shorter than distance from it to fork of fourth vein. A broad-winged species of normal type. The following measurements are in microns: Third vein from origin (separation from first) to anterior cross-vein, 1,520; third vein from anterior cross-vein to fork, 1,330; length of upper branch of third vein (second vein), 960; third vein from fork to end (lower branch) 2,240; length of anterior cross-vein, 240; anterior cross-vein to fork of fourth, 400; fourth posterior cell on wing-margin, 1,490. The second posterior cell on upper side is slightly over 3 mm. long. Oil shales (Eocene), banks of Hay Gulch (S. E. quarter of section 36, township 1 N., Range 96 W), Colorado, September 9, 1914 (D. E. Winchester), United States Geological Survey. This is very possi- bly the female of P. woodruffi Cockerell, but if so, this can not be proved, and as the locality is different, I give it a distinctive name. The wing is colored exactly like that of P. fulvicollis Fabricius, from Los Banos, Philippine Islands (Baker). Type.—Cat. No. 62535, U.S.N.M. 376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. PLECIA EXPLANATA, new species. Male.—Length, about 7.3 mm. as preserved, but end of abdomen gone; black or dark brown, abdomen not banded; wings quite long and narrow, 8 mm. long and 2.9 broad, dusky; anterior femora very robust. Anterior cross-vein shorter than distance from it to fork of fourth; anal cell narrowly open. The followmg measurements are in microns: Depth of marginal cell at level of anterior cross-vein, 368; third vein from origin to fork, 2,400; third vein from fork to end (lower branch), 2,320; length of upper branch of third (second vein), 800; depth of submarginal cell at level of end of second vein, about 288; third vein from origin to anterior cross-vein, 1,330; length of anterior cross-vein, 240; anterior cross-vein to fork of fourth, 320; base of third posterior cell to basal corner of second, 1,200; fourth posterior cell on wing-margin, about 1,440. Florissant, in the Miocene shales. A relatively narrow-winged species, readily known from the other Florissant forms by the meas- urements. Type.—Cat. No. 62536, U.S.N.M. ACREOTRICHITES, new genus (Bombyliidae). Small flies allied to Acreotrichus Macquart; body not hairy; thorax robust, elevated in profile; abdomen rather slender; antennae with very long black hair, arranged nearly as in Acreotrichus, the first two joints densely hairy, the third long-pyriform, with a tuft of long hair. Wings with four posterior cells, all wide open; second submarginal very long and narrow, flaring apically; second vein not turned up at end; discal cell small, the anterior cross-vein much before its middle; praefurca short; anal cell very broad, closed a short distance before wing-margin. Type of the genus.—Acreotrichites scopulicornis, new species. ACREOTRICHITES SCOPULICORNIS, new species. Plate 31, fig. 6. Length, 4.5 mm.; wing, 3 mm.; black, with smoky wings. The following measurements are in mircons: Praefurca, about 350; length of second submarginal cell on lower side, 1,010; basal corner of second submarginal apicad of vertical level of end of discal cell, 112; discal cell on first posterior, 656; discal on first basal, about 320; discal on fourth posterior, 480; width of anal cell at level of base of fourth posterior, 320; posterior cells on wing-margin, first and second, each 240, third 480, fourth 832. Vein separating discal cell from third posterior having a double curve (as in Systropus foenoides). Florissant, in the Miocene shales. It was preserved on the same piece of shale as Urortalis caudatus, about 25 mm. away from it. No. 2181. NEW TERTIARY INSECTS—COCKERELL. Bi Type.—Cat. No. 62537, U.S.N.M. The genus Acreotrichus was based on the Australian A. gibbicornis Macquart. The fossil is evidently allied, but generically distinct. Acreotrichus atratus Coquillett, from the State of Chihuahua, Mexico, appears to represent a third genus; I examined the type some years ago in the United States National Museum. All these flies are very easily known from Phthiria by the remarkable antennae. The three genera may be separated thus: Anterior cross vein much before middle of discal cell; second submarginal cell long and narrow, not truncate at base................2.....0.4 Acreotrichites, new genus. Anterior cross-vein beyond middle of discal cell..........................------- 1 1. Anterior cross-vein not far beyond middle of discal cell; second submarginal cell not truncate at base; third antennal joint about three times as long as the first two Neacreotrichus, new genus (type, Neacreo- trichus atratus= Acreotrichus atratus Coquillett). Anterior cross-vein far beyond middle of discal cell; second submarginal cell truncate at base, with an appendicular nervure directed basad from its upper basal corner; third antennal joint not nearly three times as long as first two together. Acreotrichus Macquart. FOP BGNON oss soscse ts dae sa<'F see MESOMYITES, new genus (Empididae). Minute flies with narrow wings (shaped much as in Toreus); second vein short, directed obliquely upward, reaching costa far from apex of wing; third vein long, simple; praefurca very long; discal cell long, complete, emitting three veins from its apical part; anterior cross-vein near base of discal cell; four posterior cells; lower apical corner of second basal level with apex of first basal cell; anal cell apparently wide open on margin. Third vein obliquely deflected between separation of second and anterior cross-vein. Type of the genus.— Mesomyites concinnus, new species. MESOMYITES CONCINNUS, new species. Plate 31, fig. 7. Wing about 3 mm. long, hyaline, veins brown; costa minutely bristly. The following measurements are in microns: Width of wing, 850; basal end of praefurca to apex of wing, 2,144; end of second vein to level of tip of wing, 1,170; upper side of first posterior cell, 1,360; marginal cell on submarginal, 400; first posterior on dis- cal, 720; first posterior on second posterior, 690; first posterior on wing margin, 128; second posterior on wing margin, 240; second posterior on third, 560; width (depth) of discal cell, 112; discal on second posterior, 80; discal on third posterior, 112; discal on fourth posterior, 640; apex (upper apical corner) of second basal apicad of level of apex of first basal, 128. The last 640 microns of anal vein are visible, without any sign of a closed anal cell. At the upper basal 878 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. corner of fourth posterior cell are three little cells, representing an abnormality only. Oligocene: Gurnet Bay (Brodie). British Museum, I. 8666. This minute fossil fails to show the base of the wing, but most of the vena- tion is very well preserved. I can only interpret it as a relative of Mythicomyia, which has the same type of second vein, only more ex- treme. In Mythicomyia the third vein may be a little deflected at the anterior cross-vein, or it may be straight. The anal cell is usually closed, but Cresson shows that it may be narrowly open. Theshape of the wing in Mythicomyia is very different from that in the fossil. Cresson and others place Mythicomyia in the Empididae, and the fossil must be referred to the same family. RHAMPHOMYIA HYPOLITHA, new species (Empididae). Plate 31, fig. 8. Male.—Length, 6 mm.; wings, 4 mm.; head, thorax, and legs black; abdomen slender, dark brown; wings dusky, but not fuliginous; proboscis directed downward, somewhat longer than head; antennae about 608 » long, the end formed as in R#. sepulta. Praefurca very short, strongly curved; anterior cross-vein before middle of disca cell; anal cell as usual in the genus. The following measurements are in microns: Praefurca, not allowing for curve, about 176; sub- marginal cell at apex, not allowing for curve of margin, 880; first posterior cell on wing margin, 400; second posterior on margin, 560; basal corner of discal cell basad of vertical level of end of praefurca, 96; first basal cell on submarginal, 240; first basal on discal, 320; first posterior on discal, 560; total length of discal, 880. Florissant, in the Miocene shales. Easily known from R. sepulta Cockerell, the other Florissant species, by the wing measurements. Type.—Cat. No. 62538, U.S.N.M. URORTALIS, new genus (Ortalididae). A genus of the subfamily Richardiinae, with extremely long, taper- ing ovipositor; wings without any conspicuous markings. Costa minutely bristly; auxiliary vein approaching costa very obliquely; first vein without bristles; second vein straight at end (not curved upward as in Richardia); first posterior cell not at all contracted apically; superior apical corner of discal cell forming an obtuse angle. Hind femora stout; whether toothed or not can not be determined. The venation, except for the shape of the first posterior cell, is nearly as in Epiplatea; as in that genus the basal costal region is large, not narrowed as in Stenomacra. The region of the anal cell is extremely obscure, but it seems to be short and truncate or sub- truncate. This is not a very satisfactory genus, the characters of the No, 2181. NEW TERTIARY INSECTS—COCKERELL. 379 head, so important in this group, being wholly obscure. At the same time, it is a remarkable insect, and it seems impossible to refer it with any assurance to a living genus. Type of the genus.—Urortalis caudatus, new species. URORTALIS CAUDATUS, new species. Plate 31, figs. 9, 10. Female.—Body apparently black; thorax about 4 mm. long; abdo- men, with the long slender ovipositor, about 7.5 mm. Wings about 4.4 mm. long, hyaline, with broad but extremely faint clouding along the veins. The following measurements are in microns: End of aux- iliary vein to base of wing, about 1,360; end of auxiliary vein to end of first, about 720; end of first to vertical level of tip of wing, 2,480; first basal cell on submarginal, 1,470; first basal on first posterior, 176; width of first posterior near middle, 448, and at apex, 528; discal on first posterior, 960; discal on second posterior, 576. Florissant, in the Miocene shales. Type.—Cat. No. 62539, U.S.N.M. MELIERIA ATAVINA, new species (Ortalididac). Robust, dark brown, about 8 mm. long, wings a little over 6 mm. The thoracic bristles can not be made out, but the characteristic long bristles, curved backward, on the top of the head, are plainly visible. Wing pattern very distinct, essentially as in M. obscuricornis Loew, except that the apical patch is formed as in M. ochricornis Loew, and there are two bands on the basal part of the wing, one broad, the other (more basal) small. The broader of these bands is well represented in M. similis, but does not extend right across the wing as in the fossil. First posterior cell contracted apically, though widely open; anterior crossvein far toward end of discal cell (as in Richardia); anal cell with the end transverse and bulging (much as in Coelometopia), and a con- siderable distance basad of end of second basal. The following measurements are in microns: End of second vein to end of third, in a straight line, 1,120; length of anterior cross-vein, 480; length of upper side of discal cell, 1,872; base of discal cell to end of anal, 400; discal on first posterior, 480; apical side of discal cell, 800. End of prae- furca very slightly basad of level of apex of anal cell. Florissant, in the Miocene shales. Although this is a prettily marked fossil, the structural characters are hard to discern. The shortness of the anal cell as compared with the second basal, as well as its form, might indicate a genus distinct from Melieria, but the general resemblance to Melieria is so striking that the generic reference seems almost obligatory. Type.—Cat. No. 62540, U.S.N.M. 380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52. PROTOSCINIS, new genus (Chloropidae). Minute flies closely resembling Botanobia (Oscinis), but second vein leaving first basal cell very near its base, and anterior cross-vein much before middle of combined discal and second basal cell. Costal vein going as far as tip of fourth; costa with small stiff black bristles, about six in 80 microns; second vein straight, faintly curved upward at end; third and fourth veins not converging distally; lower side of discobasal cell not at all bulging outward (downward). Type of the genus.—Protoscinis perparvus, new species. PROTOSCINIS PERPARVUS, new species. Plate 31, fig. 11. Thorax robust, black, 640 microns wide; wing 1728 microns long, hyaline. The following measurements are in microns: Base of wing to end of first vein, 512; width of submarginal cell at level of end of second vein, 192; third vein from level of end of second to tip of wing, 352; first posterior cell on wing margin, 192; width of first posterior cell at level of end of discobasal, 160; first posterior on discobasal, 416; total lenth of discobasal, 560; second posterior on discobasal, 160. Oligocene: Gurnet Bay (Brodie), British Museum, I. 8632. The venation is not very different from that of Ops glaberrima, as figured by Lamb. Possibly the fossil could be referred to Ops, but that name is preoccupied. ANTHOMYIA (sens. lat.) PERSEPULTA, new species. Length 5.7 mm., wing, 4.3 mm.; robust, black or dark brown, wings dusky; abdomen thinly beset with long bristles; hind tibia with a few long bristles on posterior margin; eyes (in lateral view) semicircular; mouth parts and palpi as in Anthomyia. Wings broad; venation normal; auxiliary vein strong, only close to first vein toward base; upper apical angle of discal cell a right angle; upper basal angle of second posterior cell an obtuse angle; first posterior cell scarcely at all contracted apically. The head is small, in lateral profile (ncluding position and shape of eye) nearly as in male Phyllo- gaster cordyluroides, though not so high. The following measure- ments are in microns: Base of wing to end of auxiliary vein, about 1040; submarginal cell on wing margin (not allowing for curve), 752; base of wing to anterior cross-vein, about 1552; anterior cross-vein to upper apical corner of first posterior cell, 2560; width of first pos- terior about middle, 544; first posterior on discal, 830; second pos- terior on discal (the apical side of which is straight), 560; lower apical corner of discal to wing-margin. no. 2181. NEW TERTIARY INSECTS—COCKERELL. 381 Florissant, in the miocene shales. Closely resembles A. atavella Cockerell, but easily distinguished by the dusky wings, strong auxili- ary vein ending much nearer base of wing, and thorax longer and less convex in profile. It certainly represents a distinct genus from A. atavella, but it is impossible to place these fossil Anthomyidae in the genera of modern authors, which are separated principally on char- acters We can not see. Type.—Cat. No. 62541, U.S.N.M. THYSANOPTERA. AEOLOTHRIPS BRODIEI, new species (Aeolothripidae). Plate 31, fig. 12. Length about 1.3 mm.; head and thorax poorly preserved; abdomen large, dark brown, with hyaline sutural bands (caudal bristles not visible, being embedded in rock); wings short, not nearly reaching end of abdomen; venation as usual in the genus, the two longitudinal veins very distinct, the first, at least, with minute bristles; cross-veins placed practically as in Orothrips kelloggii Moulton, the one connecting the longitudinal veins oblique as in that species; the cross-veins from first longitudinal to costa are subobsolete, but two seem to be indicated, the two from second vein to lower margin are more distinct; the bristles of the costal region are short, and those of apex and inner mar- gin are less than twice as long. Wings pale brownish, not banded, veins brown. The following measurements are in microns: Length of abdomen, 975; width of abdomen, 400; width of wing, 175; length of costal bristles, 32; length of bristles at apex of wing, 50; cross-vein between longitudinal veins to second cross-vein from second longitu- dinal to margin, 160; second cross-vein from second longitudinal to margin to end of second longitudinal, 175. Oligocene: Gurnet Bay (Brodie; British Museum, I. 8547). This may not belong to Aeolothrips in the most restricted sense, but it appears to show no distinctive characters excluding it from the genus. In the absence of banding on the wings it resembles Ankothrips Craw- ford, but that has narrower, much more bristly wings. NEUROPTERA. SISYRA(?) DISRUPTA, new species (Hemerobiidae). Plate 31, fig. 13. Represented by part of the apical region of a wing which must have been about 5 mm. long. It appears to be referable to the Sisyrinae (Sisyridae Handlirsch), and has exactly the texture and general ap- pearance of the wing of modern Sisyra (S. vicaria Walker, collected 382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. by N. Banks at Great Falls, Maryland, compared), with the very prominent spurious veins betwwen the real ones. The venation, how- ever, differs in detail. R, has a long fork, but R, and R,, more as in Micromus, are forked so briefly as to appear simple, the apical margin of the wing not being preserved. The very complicated R, (as I understand Needham’s nomenclature) has the first branch divided, each division again forked, while the other two branches are each forked. The first fork of the media only is visible. The following measurements are in microns: Fork of R, across wing to fork of first branch of R,, 800; fork of first branch of R, to margin of wing, 1600, the upper and lower cells in the secondary forks of its branchlets, respectively, 865 and 320 long; length of cells in forks of second and third branches of R,, each 480; length of cell in first fork of media, 560. These cells are measured from fork to middle of margin. Oligocene: Gurnet Bay (Brodie). More perfect material may indi- cate a distinct genus. The species is very different from 8S. relicta Hagen and S. amissa Hagen, found in Baltic amber. The specimen is in the British Museum (I. 8644.) A wing of the ant Oecophylla atavina Cockerell is on the same small piece of rock. HYMENOPTERA. TAENIURITES, new genus (Tenthredinidae). Body elongated, parallel-sided, the abdomen bandlike, the middle segments more than twice as broad as long; head rather small; an- tennae long, not very slender; hind femora inserted beneath third abdominal segment, short, not reaching beyond fifth. Anterior wings with costal cell distinct, the transverse vein stout, oblique, a little basad of insertion of basal nervure, as in MacGillivray’s figure of Macrophya; basal nervure inserted far from origin of cubital (as in Hoplocampa); basal and first recurrent nervures parallel; marginal cell with cross-vein arched upward or outward (as in Macrophya), inserted near beginning of last third of third submarginal cell; second submarginal cell very long, receiving first recurrent nervure a short distance before middle; third submarginal greatly broadened apically, with the lower apical corner produced (style of Macrophya); median vein (cubitus) bent or angled at origin of basal nervure, its basal part straight (style of Stromboceros) ; basal nervure some distance basad of transverse-median (as in Stromboceros); second discoidal cell with its side on first discoidal much longer than that on third (as in Macrophya); lanceolate (anal) cell without any cross-nervure, narrowed subbasally by the upward bending of its lower nervure, the bend gradual, not at all abrupt. Hind wings with the lower apical corner of the median cell just before the end of the broad anal (as in Strongylogaster), but the upper apical corner more produced (as in No. 2181. NEW TERTIARY INSECTS—COCKERELL. 383 Emphytus); end of subcostal cell (media of MacGillivray) produced, its face on radial longer than that on discoidal, that on cubital very short (style of Macrophya); cubital very long, receiving second re- current nervure well before its middle (approach to condition of Macrophya). In the tables by MacGillivray, Rohwer, etc., this runs positively to Selandriinae, and on account of the form of the body falls in the divi- sion Strongylogasterini (Strongylogasterinae of Ashmead). On the other hand, many details of the venation are like those of Macrophya, to which the insect runs in Cresson’s table, except as to the character of the hind legs. The genus, therefore, seems to combine the charac- ters of the Selandriinae and Tenthredininae, and to lend support to Ashmead’s opinion that the Strongylogasterinae should be associated with the latter rather than with the true Selandriines. Type of the genus.— Taeniurites fortis, new species. TAENIURITES FORTIS, new species. Plate 31, fig. 14. Length, 14 mm.; anterior wing, 11 mm.; antennae, about 6 mm.; width of abdomen, 3.7 mm.; head and thorax black; abdomen ap- parently reddish, infuscated apically; wings hyaline. The follow- ing measurements are in microns: Anterior wings: First marginal cell on third submarginal, 1,056; second marginal on third submar- ginal, 336; basal nervure on first discoidal, 864; end of basal to beginning of cubital, 849; first submarginal on first discoidal, 800; second submarginal on first discoidal, 704; second submarginal on third discoidal, 1,040; third submarginal on third discoidal, 544; lower side of third submarginal beyond second recurrent nervure, 1,136; second discoidal on first, 1,616, and on third, 800. Hind wing: Cubital cell on discoidal, 880; lower side of cubital beyond discoidal, 1,170. Florissant, Miocene shales. Type.—Cat. No. 62542, U.S.N.M. Among all the fossil sawflies from Florissant, this closely resembles only Macrophya pervetusta Brues, from whichit is distinguished by the parallel-sided (not at all oval) abdomen and the form of the lanceo- late cell. HERIADES PRISCUS, new species (Megachilidae). Female.—Robust, hairy, black, about 11.5 mm. long; anterior wing, 6 mm. or a little over; wings, hyaline; scape rather short, probably about 850 microns; flagellum thick, 240 microns broad near middle. Stigma well developed; two submarginal cells; second (morphologically third) transversocubital nervure with a double curve, its lower part strongly bulging outward; distance from end of second recurrent nervure to lower end of second transversocubital 384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. less (95 w) than distance from lower end of first transversocubital to insertion of first recurrent (128 »),—a character of Heriades proper as against Chelostoma; second recurrent nervure with an even, gentle outward curve; lower end of basal nervure curved, and the transverso- median (which is 400 » long) in a straight line with it, its upper part vertical, but the lower end curved basad, as is characteristic of Heria- dines. The following measurements are in microns: Width (depth) of stigma, 160; width (depth) of marginal cell, 368; marginal cell on first submarginal, 320, and on second, 448; total length of second submarginal cell, 850; first submarginal cell on basal nervure, about 288, and on first discoidal cell, 816; second submarginal cell on third discoidal, 672; basal nervure on first discoidal cell (not allowing for curve), 752. Florissant, in the Miocene shales. The largest Florissant Heriades. Type.—Cat. No. 62543, U.S.N.M. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 31. Fic. 1. Tipula gardneri, new species. Oligocene, Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. . Riphidia brodiei, new species. Discal cell and adjacent parts. Oligocene, Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. . Mongoma cruciferella, new species. Oligocene, Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. . Bibio gurnetensis, new species. Oligocene, Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. . Bibio oligocenus, new species. Oligocene, Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. . Acreotrichites scopulicornis, new species. Antenna. Miocene (Florissant), Florissant, Colorado. Mesomyites concinnus, new species. Oligocene, Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. 8. Rhamphomyia hypolitha, new species. Miocene (Florissant), Florissant, Col- orado. Fias. 9, 10. Urortalis caudatus, new species. 10. Discal cell and adjacent parts. Miocene (Florissant), Florissant, Colorado. Fia. 11. Protoscinis perparvus, new species. Discal cell and adjacent parts. Oligo- cene, Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. 12. Aeolothrips brodiei, new species. Oligocene, Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. 13. Sisyra (?) disrupta, new species. Oligocene, Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. 14. Taeniurites fortis, new species. Lanceolate cell, etc., of anterior wing. Mio- cene (Florissant), Florissant, Colorado. So or em OO bo So U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 31 2 Discal cell. NEw FOssiL INSECTS FROM THE TERTIARY. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 384, NEW SPECIES OF SOUTH DAKOTA CRETACEOUS CRABS. By Mary J. RATHBUN, Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum. The fossil crabs described below were sent to the United States National Museum for identification by Mr. W. H. Over, of the Univer- sity of South Dakota, Vermilion, South Dakota. They were col- lected by Mr. Over in the Pierre Shales, partly at Indian Creek, Pennington County, in the summer of 1914, but chiefly at Eastern, Corson County, in the summer of 1915. The most numerous form represents a new type of Dromiacean for which it is necessary to construct a new superfamily. The two remaining species are referred to known genera. The type-specimens have been given to the United States National Museum, while duplicates are in the collection of the University of South Dakota. Tribe BRACHYURA. Subtribe DROMIACEA. In this subtribe the oviducts perforate the coxae of the second pair of ambulatory legs, while the seminal ducts perforate the coxae of the last pair of legs. The last pair of legs are dorsal in position and nearly always prehensile, slender, and reduced in size. DAKOTICANCROIDEAE, new superfamily. Sternum of female without longitudinal grooves. Eyes sheltered by orbits when retracted. No lineae anomuricae. This superfamily is made necessary, because the species here de- scribed can not be placed in the Dromioideae, in which the sternum of the female has longitudinal grooves, nor in the Homoloideae, in which the eyes are incompletely or not at all sheltered by orbits, and lineae anomuricae are nearly always present. DAKOTICANCRIDAE, new family. Same characters as those of the superfamily. DAKOTICANCER, new genus. Carapace transverse, thick, deeply grooved. Front, between the eyes, small. Orbits well defined; eyes small, tapering. Outer max- PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. 52—No, 2182. 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17—— 25 389 386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. illipeds broad and flat, but advanced beyond the front. Chelipeds elongate, merus large, palm small, fingers ' very long. Last leg very small, subdorsal. DAKOTICANCER OVERANA, new species. Plate 32; plate 33, figs. 6-14. Type-locality—South Dakota: Indian Creek, Pennington County; Pierre Shale; Upper Cretaceous; August, 1914; W. H. Over; two specimens, holotype and paratype, presented by the University of South Dakota, Vermilion, South Dakota. Holotype.—Cat. No. 32055, U.S.N.M. Additional material—More than 80 specimens were collected at Eastern, Corson County, South Dakota, in the Pierre Shales, by W. H. Over, July, 1915. Most of these are in the University of South Dakota, but a series of 30 have been presented to the United States National Museum. Measurements.—Holotype, width of carapace, 30.2; approximate length, 26; approximate thickness, 10; width between the outer angles of the orbits, 15.4 mm. Description.—There is no complete specimen even of the carapace, so that this description is a composite from a number of specimens. Carapace thick, transversely suboblong; gastro-cardiac area separ- ated by a deep and angled groove from the branchial and hepatic regions, which are deeply separated from each other; a broad, deep, transverse branchial groove is continued forward on the nearly ver- tical side-wall of the carapace toward the buccal angles; a broad, shallower groove furrows the side-wall just below the hepatic region; a depression follows the posterior and lateral margins of the carapace just within the edge. The most elevated portions are covered with small granules; the intermediate areas, comprising the greater part of the surface, are smooth and finely punctate; the longitudinal, granu- lated band on the gastro-cardiac is not interrupted by the narrow, shallow groove which separates those two regions from each other. The inner angle of the branchial region is prolonged backward and inward in a narrow, raised peninsula, nearly surrounded by deep impressions and pits. The anterior part of the carapace is divided by shallow depressions into longitudinal areoles, four on either side of the middle, of which two are gastric and two hepatic. Posterior margin granulate and slightly arched, meeting the side margin at a rounded angle. 1 The character of the fingers is given with a reservation. Ofthe many specimens taken, only one shows a trace of fingers, and these exhibit such an unusual shape that although they are in the position where one expects fingers, i. e., bent against the arm, it may later be proven that they are, for example, merus joints ofambulatorylegs. On the other hand, the fragility resulting from their great length and relative slender- ness may account for the destruction of all the fingers which this large collection of crabs possessed. ‘ no. 2182. NHW SPECIES OF CRETACEOUS CRABS—RATHBUN. 387 Front deflexed, subtriangular, broader than long, bilobed at extremity, medially grooved, sides elevated, granulate. Orbits inclined forward and outward and, in front view, downward; divided into two sockets, the inner one the larger, and with a spine on its lower border. Eyes reaching very little into the second socket and tapering distally. One joint of the antennule is seen just below the origin of the eye and has granulated edges. Outer maxillipeds only partially shown. Exognath half as wide as endognath, of which only the ischium is visible and that has the end broken off. Even so, it reaches forward beyond the line of the ros- trum. There appears to be a space between the two maxillipeds. Their edges are finely granulated. Chelipeds over twice as long as carapace. Merus massive, a little compressed, widest at the middle, granules in several rows on the mar- gins, scarce elsewhere. Carpus slightly longer than wide, outer or upper surface granulate, with a longitudinal groove through its mid- dle, inner margin spinulose. Palm nearly as high as its superior length, granules arranged irregularly in wide lengthwise bands, and more spinulose than elsewhere. Fingers elongate, two or three times as long as palm, compressed, granulate about the edges. The fingers themselves are not preserved, but only their impression. Only the proximal portions of the ambulatory legs can be made out. First three pairs similar and of good size; the ischium and merus joints are granulate, and the latter are compressed. The last pair are slender and much reduced in length and are probably subdorsal; very little of them remains except the first segment. Most of the specimens showing the ventral surface are males, but five are females. The genital ducts are to be seen at the base of the fifth pereiopods in the male, of the third in the female. The sternal segments are granulate through the middle; the first segment bears a transverse depression. The abdomen is composed of seven separate segments in both sexes; in the male it is oblong with the sides some- what convergent, in the female it is subovate. Relationships.—This form approaches Polycnemidwm pustulosum Reuss from the Cretaceous of Bohemia,' in the areolation of the cara- pace and the extent of the fronto-orbital region, but the latter has the carapace more strongly convergent posteriorly and nothing is known of its appendages. 1 Denk. k. Akad. Wiss., math.-natur. Cl., vol. 17, 1859, p. 6, pl. 3, fig. 1. 888 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Superfamily HOMOLOIDEAE. Family HOMOLIDAE. Genus HOMOLOPSIS (Carter, MS.) Bell. Homolopsis Bett, Mono. Foss. Malac. Crust. Gr. Britain, pt. 2, 1862, p. 22. HOMOLOPSIS PUNCTATA, new species. Plate 33, figs. 1-3. Type-locality.—South Dakota: Eastern, Corson County; Pierre Shale; Upper Cretaceous; July, 1915; W. H. Over; one specimen, holotype, presented by the University of South Dakota, Vermilion, South Dakota. Holotype.—Cat. No. 32058, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Length of carapace of holotype, 19; width (esti- mated), 25 mm. Description of holotype.-—Carapace only, with a longitudinal break on each side across the entire length. The posterior two-thirds is fairly level except toward the side margins, but the anterior third curves strongly downward. The grooves separating the gastric and cardiac regions from the branchial region, and the epibranchial from the mesobranchial lobe, and those limiting the hepatic region are very deep. Much shallower grooves limit the mesogastric and uro- gastric regions, and the mesobranchial lobe posteriorly. The surface of the carapace is finely and uniformly punctate except on the elevated portions, which are roughened with fine uneven granules, many of which on the posterior part of the carapace are combined in short transverse lines. The elevations form, in the main, regularly placed bosses or areoles well separated; four of these bosses are on the meso- gastric region, two being median and two transverse and side by side at the widest part; there is one boss on each epigastric lobe, and three large and one small on each protogastric lobe; two large and one small boss on each epibranchial lobe. The cardiac region has one large flat elevation, subtriangular, widest in front. The mass of granules on the mesobranchial lobe is transversely oblique, following the shape of the lobe. On the metabranchial lobes the granules are more scat- tered and less elevated than elsewhere. The front between the eyes is equilaterally triangular, strongly bent down, surface concave, tip apparently blunt. There are two tubercles or spines (broken off) on the upper border of the orbit, besides one at the outer angle. On the lateral margin there is a small spine not far from the orbit, a large spine and two or three small ones on the hepatic region, and two (one below the other) on the epibranchial lobe. Posterior margin bordered by a thin raised granulated rim. > no. 2182, NEW SPECIES OF CRETACEOUS CRABS—RATHBUN. 389 ue a Relationships.—This species has considerable resemblance to H. edwardsii! Bell, the type-species of the genus, but in the latter, the protogastric lobes are each partially separated from the metagastric lobes by a deep, transversely oblique furrow, the cardiac region bears a small tubercle at its middle, the surface is everywhere granulated. H. depressa Carter,? from the same localities as edwardsit, is also eranulated throughout and lacks the large areolar tubercles of punctata. Our species is near H. transiens Segerberg * from the Cretaceous of Denmark, which however, has no large mesogastric tubercles, and has three instead of four tubercles on each protogastric lobe. H. richardsoni Woodward,! from the Cretaceous of British Columbia, and H. japonica Yokoyama,’ from the early Tertiary of Japan, have a carapace much narrower anteriorly than those above mentioned. They should probably be referred to a distinct genus. Subtribe OXYSTOMATA. ? Family CALAPPIDAE. Genus CAMPYLOSTOMA Bell. Campylostoma Brut, Mono. Foss. Malac. Crust. Gr. Britain, pt. 1, 1857, p. 23. CAMPYLOSTOMA PIERRENSE, new species. Plate 33, figs. 4-5. Type-locality—South Dakota: Eastern, Corson County; Pierre Shale; Upper Cretaceous; July, 1915; W. H. Over; two specimens, holotype and paratype, presented by the University of South Dakota, Vermilion, South Dakota. Holotype.—Cat. No. 32057, U.S.N.M. Description of holotype —An incomplete carapace, showing dorsal surface and an indication of the extent of one orbit. The orbit has a somewhat dorsal inclination, is slightly acutangled externally and has a tooth on the upper margin. The outer surface of shell, where it persists, is finely granulate. Spines conical. Five spines in a transverse row on the gastric region, which arches upwards toward the middle; row not quite straight, but slightly concave forward; distance from the middle spine to those of the submedian pair less than from the latter to those of outer pair. A median ridge runs back to the hinder border of the cardiac region, and bears five spines, 1 Mono. Foss. Malac. Crust. Gr. Britain, pt. 2, 1862, p. 23, pl. 5, figs. land 2. From the Gault at Foikes- stone and the Greensand at Cambridge. 2 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 54, 1898, p. 22, pl. 1, fig. 5. 3 Geol. Féren. i Stockholm Férhandl., vol. 22, 1900, Hiifte 5, p. 366, pl.8, figs.6-8. Also, Woodward, Geol. Mag., London, new ser., dec. 4, vol. 8, 1901, p. 499. 4 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 52, 1896, p. 224, text-fig. 3. 5 Journ. Coll. Sci. Imper. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 27, 1911, art. 20, p. 12, pl. 3, fig. 4. 390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52. viz, one mesogastric, besides the one above mentioned, one urogas- tric, two cardiac; the anterior of the gastric spines is the largest of all. On the inner branchial region there is a short, nearly longitu- dinal ridge, inclining a little inward anteriorly, and bearing a spine at each end, the posterior spine the larger; on the right side there is a small, low spine on the anterior slope of the posterior spine; this accessory spine is wanting on the left side. A short but high, oblique ridge runs to the postero-lateral margin, rises in a low spine ante- riorly and terminates posteriorly in a strong spine which points back- ward and outward, but is broken off at base. Short, low, obliquely transverse ridges lead to two other lateral spines. All the lateral marginal spines are broken off close to their origin. They appear to be four in number, and with an hepatic and an outer orbital spine form an almost semicircular row of six spines. The pterygostomian region is produced well beyond the first of these spines and bears a spine which is a little in advance of the angle of the orbit. Description of paratype.—Smaler than holotype, with all spines broken off, and with rostrum visible; this is small, triangular, surface concaye, with a deep, longitudinal furrow, tip rounded. Measurements.—Estimated width of carapace of holotype, at widest part, in front of middle, 28 mm. Width of paratype at same point, 18.6 mm.; approximate length of same, 20 mm.; width across front and orbits, 8.6 mm. Relationships.—This species resembles C. matutiforme Bell,’ the type-species of the genus, from the London Clay (Eocene) of the Isle of Sheppey, England, in the presence of spines or tubercles on the dorsal surface and spines on the margin. In pierrense the spines are more numerous (6 marginal instead of 5), the front is simple instead of bifid, and the pterygostomian region is much more prominent. As the specimens in hand show none of the appendages, I am unable to improve upon the present grouping of this genus in the Matutinae. The obliquely vertical surface in front of and below a line drawn between the outer orbital spine and the pterygostomian or subhepatic spine, is suggestive of the concave suborbital surface in many species of Hepatus.2. A prominent subhepatic spine exists often in the Oxy- rhyncha, as in our common spider crabs, Libinia.? 1 Mono. Foss. Malac. Crust. Gr. Britain, pt. 1, 1857, p. 23, pl. 3, figs. 8-10. 2 Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 3, year 10 (1801-2), p. 22. ® See Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, pl. 31, figs. 1, 2; the marginal spine behind the orbit is on a much lower level than the succeeding spines. No. 2182, Fia. —] FP ovr mDnN oar WN & ~ Figs. 1-3 »* NEW SPECIES OF CRETACEOUS CRABS—RATHBUN. 891 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. (Figures enlarged nearly 14 times.) PuaTE 32. Dakoticancer overana. . Holotype, male, ventral view. . Holotype, male, dorsal view. . Holotype, male, posterior view, showing bases of hind legs and genital ducts. . Paratype 6, male, anterior view, showing eyes. . Paratype a, dorsal view, showing part of posterior margin of carapace. . Paratype 1, ventral view, showing sternum of female. . Paratype h, dorsal view, to show outline of front. . Paratype d, ventral view, showing genital ducts of female. . Paratype c, ventral view, showing abdomen of female. . Paratype e, ventral view, showing abdomen of male. . Paratype b, ventral view, showing portion of maxillipeds. PLATE 33. . Homolopsis punctata, holotype. 1. Anterior view. 2. Dorsal view. 3. Right side, in profile. . Campylostoma pierrense. 4. Holotype, dorsal view. 5. Paratype, dorsal view. . Dakoticancer overana. . Paratype f, manus. . Paratype /, cheliped (merus, carpus, manus). . Paratype h, left side of carapace, in profile. . Paratype d, right side, in profile. . Paratype c, right side, in profile. . Paratype g, carpus of cheliped. . Paratype g, manus. . Paratype k, extremities of two ambulatory legs. . Paratype j, cheliped (merus and impressions of fingers). U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 32 NEW SouTH DAKOTA CRETACEOUS CRABS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 391. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 33 New SouTH DAKOTA CRETACEOUS CRABS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 391. DIAGNOSES OF NEW SPECIES OF MARINE BIVALVE MOL- LUSKS FROM THE NORTHWEST COAST OF AMERICA IN THE COLLECTION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. By Writi1amM Hearey Datt, Honorary Curator of Mollusks, United States National Museum. Having in preparation a check list of the bivalve mollusks con- tained in the marine fauna of the region including the coasts from Point Barrow in the Arctic to San Diego, California, it was found that a comparatively large number of the species in the collection of the United States National Museum were undescribed. To avoid launching into the literature a quantity of manuscript names the present diagnoses have been prepared. It is hoped at no very distant date to furnish fuller data concerning these species, in- cluding suitable figures. In the descriptive matter following, when a station number is given it refers always to the number of a dredging station of the United States Fisheries Steamer Albatross. The data relating to these sta- tions have been printed by the Bureau in its Bulletins. Those species not referred to a station number were collected by private persons, including the writer, at various times during the last sixty-five years, one species having been picked up by Major Rich during the Mexican War. The typical specimens are all preserved in the collection of the United States National Museum. Had the undescribed species be- longing to the more southern fauna now in the collection been in- cluded, the number would certainly have been greatly increased. These forms, however, are reserved for treatment later. In the descriptions when the beaks are said to be a certain distance behind the end of the shell, the distance is measured from a vertical line dropped from the umbo to the basal margin, and at the level of the most distant point of the end of theshellreferred to. This vertical line indicates the height, the length being measured on a horizontal line parallel with the base of the shell in a general sense. The diame- ter is the maximum distance from the outside of one valve to the out- side of the other, taken at right angles to the vertical plane of the valves. Measurements are all in millimeters. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. 52—No. 2183. 393 394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. NUCULA CARDARA, new species. Shell polished, light olive-green, thin, elongate-oval, with 8 anterior and 18 posterior prominent teeth, the resilifer prominent and largely free from the hingeline, the interior very pearly, the valve-margin smooth, the beaks hardly prominent, situated 5 mm. behind the anterior end of the shell and showing the whitish prodissoconch. Length, 16; height, 11.5; diameter,8mm. Cat. No. 265905, U.S.N.M. Station 5673, in 1090 fathoms, mud, off San Diego, California. This elegant shell has no sculpture except incremental lines which are hardly visible, but toward the margin become strong at intervals, but without regularity. The periostracum near the beaks becomes dark, and in the closed shell suggests Malletia. There is no lunular boundary around the subumbonal depression. NUCULA DARELLA, new species. Shellsmall, inflated, subtriangular, the anterior end slightly shorter; periostracum dark olive, the surface smooth except for somewhat irregular, inconspicuous incremental lines, but under a lens showing faint close radial striae; lunule large, distinctly limited by an im- pressed line, mesially with a slight pout; about five anterior and eight posterior hinge teeth, the resilifer deep, small, central, not projecting; inner margins of the valves sharply radially grooved; beaks pointed, showing the prodissoconch plainly. Length, 4; height, 3; diameter, 2.7mm. Cat. No. 111424, U.S.N.M. Station 2923, 822 fathoms, off San Diego, California. NUCULA LINKI, new species. Shell small, inflated, smooth, dark olive, very inequilateral, sub- triangular, the anterior end shorter; lunule large, bounded by a faint keel; beaks prominent showing the whitish prodissoconch; six an- terior and eleven posterior hinge teeth; valve-margin entire; the resilifer small, deeply set, subumbonal, not projecting. Length, 6; height, 5; diameter, 3.6mm. Cat. No. 107649, U.S.N.M. Station 3034, 24 fathoms, mud; off Point Fermin, Lower California. NUCULA QUIRICA, new species. Shell small, dark olive inclining to black, polished, with rather rude irregular incremental lines; rounded triangular, the anterior end very short; valves inflated with seven anterior and twelve posterior hinge- teeth, the resilifer narrow, elongated, very oblique, almost parallel with the posterior dorsal margin, hardly projecting; inner margin of the valves entire; beaks prominent showing the prodissoconch, lunule obscure. Length, 8; height, 6; diameter, 3.5 mm. Cat. No. 208727, U.S.N.M. Chugachik Bay, Cooks Inlet, Alaska, in 60 fathoms, gravelly bottom, a no. 2188. NEW NORTHWEST AMERICAN BIVALVES—DALL. 395 NUCULA PETRIOLA, new species. Shell minute, ovate, inflated, the form resembling Crenella colum- biana, the prodissoconch visible on the rather inflated beaks; lunule obscure; color greenish olive, smooth and polished; valve margins smooth, hinge line very short. Length, 1.25; height, 2; diameter, 1.5mm. Cat. No. 271416, U.S.N.M. Off Santa Rosa Island, California, in 53 fathoms, mud. The solid shell and inflated form of this minute Nucula seem to indicate that it is not an immature shell. LEDA NAVISA, new species. Shell elongate, arcuate, inequilateral, with slender recurved rostrum and well-marked smooth impressed escutcheon but no lunule; base convexly arcuate, rostrum obliquely truncate, anterior end evenly rounded; beaks obscure, 5.5 mm. from the anterior end; sculpture of numerous sharp concentric low ridges, with wider flat interspaces, obsolete toward the rostrum; anterior teeth about twelve, posterior about twenty, the resilifer minute, subumbonal, not projecting; interior chalky, a small medial ridge near the end of the rostrum. Height, 7; length, 16; diameter, 5 mm. Cat. No. 208770, U.S.N.M. Off the Farallones Islands, California, in 191 fathoms, sand; bottom temperature 44°, 5. LEDA AMIATA, new species. Shell light olivaceous, elongate, compressed, the posterior dorsal margin nearly straight; beaks low, polished, about 3.5 mm. from the anterior end, showing the whitish prodissoconch; the smooth sur- face continues for a short distance when the sculpture changes to sharply evenly lamellose with slightly larger interspaces wider on the rostral area which is defined by the angular turn of the lamellae which stop short at the sharp margin of the long impressed escutcheon; interior porcellanous, with twelve anterior and sixteen posterior teeth, the resilifer minute, subumbonal, hardly projecting. Length, 11.3; height, 4.5; diameter, 3.0mm. Cat. No. 209252, U.S.N.M. Station 4351, off San Diego, California, in 488 fathoms, muddy bot- tom. This elegant shell recalls LZ. constellata of the Panama fauna, but the rostrum is more simply sculptured. LEDA OXIA, new species. Shell minute, rounded in front, very acute behind, the valve end- ing in a sharp point; base arcuate, beaks low, subcentral, dorsal slopes nearly straight; sculpture of regular, equal concentric ridges with subequal interspaces, a depressed ray from the beak to the base anteriorly, a deeply impressed, concentrically striated escutcheon bordered by a rounded keel; lunule linear; about eight teeth on either 396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. side of a minute resilifer. Length, 4.5; height, 3; diameter, 1 mm. Cat. No. 214448, U.S.N.M. Station 2901, off Santa Rosa Island, California, in 48 fathoms, muddy bottom. This species is related to L. commutata. LEDA LIOGONA, new species. Shell small, light yellowish, concentrically sculptured with prom- inent elevated ridges with wider interspaces, except on the beaks where the prodissoconch is relatively large and perfectly smooth, the concentric sculpture commencing abruptly; beaks low, and about 3 mm. from the anterior end; base slightly arcuate, dorsal slopes direct, rostrum abruptly truncate; posterior dorsal area with two obscurely elevated rays over which the concentric sculpture is higher, but it becomes reduced to striation upon the strongly impressed escutcheon; teeth much crowded, about twelve posterior and about the same num- ber in front of the mimute subumbonal resilifer. Length, 9; height, 5.3; diameter, 3.8 mm. Cat. No. 214089, U.S.N.M. Station 3604, Bering Sea, in 1401 fathoms, mud. This species differs from the young of L. radiata Krause, by its more conspicuous and regular sculpture and by the absence of radiating threads. It probably attains a larger size. LEDA FOSSA Baird, 1863. Variety sculpta Dall. This form has regular concentric ripples on the beaks, behind a faint depressed ray near the anterior end and on the keels on either side of the escutcheon. Cat. No. 107688, U.S.N.M. Station 2855, southeast of Alaska Peninsula, in 66 fathoms, mud. Variety vaginata Dall. This differs from the last in having the concentric sculpture finer and less evident, and spread over the entire shell. Cat. No. 226072, U.S.N.M. Station 4244, at Kasa-an Bay, Alaska, in 50 fathoms, mud. Variety curtulosa Dall. Shell resembling variety sculpta but rela- tively shorter than that or the typicalform. Cat. No. 33771, U.S.N.M. Unalaska Harbor in 60 fathoms on the Ridge. LEDA GOMPHOIDEA, new species. Shell elongate, inequilateral, smooth, polished, the rostrum ob- liquely rounded-truncate, the anterior side rounded and shorter; beaks small, but pustule like, 5 mm. from the anterior end, the prodis- soconch distinct; teeth small and numerous, about 25 in front of and 35 behind the small oblique resilifer; posterior basal and dorsal mar- gins nearly straight, the escutcheon narrow, long, impressed, and striated. Length, 17.5; height, 8; diameter, 4 mm. Cat. No. 212889, U.S.N.M. Station 3346, off Tillamook Bay, Oregon, in 786 fathoms. s No. 2183. NEW NORTHWEST AMERICAN BIVALVES—DALL. 397 LEDA FIASCONA, new species. Shell small, subtriangular, rounded, thin, dull olive, the anterior slightly shorter than the posterior end, the base arcuate; the posterior end attenuated, compressed, pointed; soulpture of fine concentric threads, close set and covering the anterior two-thirds of the valves, stopping abruptly at the posterior third where the compression begins; beaks not prominent, a small and narrow lunule and escutch- eon indicated; hinge with 8 anterior and about 4 posterior teeth, the resilifer small, subumbonal, not projecting. Length, 4; height, 2.7; diameter, 1.7mm. Cat. No. 215597, U.S.N.M. Station 2923, off San Diego, in 822 fathoms, mud. LEDA PHENAKXIA, new species. Shell small, solid, plump, smooth except for faintly evident incre- mental lines and delicate radial striulae; periostracum dark olive, immediately under the beaks blackish for a short distance; base evenly arcuate, dorsal slopes nearly straight; beaks nearer the ante- rior end, full, not pointed, with a short-cordate lunular impression and narrow, elongate escutcheon, neither defined by any sharp boundary; hinge very strong for the size of the shell, with about 8 or 9 long teeth on each side of a rather small strong resilifer. Length, 4.5; height, 3.5; diameter, 1.3 mm. Cat. No. 215596, U.S.N.M. Station 2923, off San Diego, California, 822 fathoms, mud. The short blackish patch of periostracum directly between the beaks gives this little shell the aspect of a Tindaria, and the strong hinge makes the shell very difficult to open, but the ligament is strictly internal. LEDA SPARGANA, new species. Shell small, elongate, inequilateral, pale olivaceous, compressed; prodissoconch conspicuous, otherwise the beaks are low, and about 4 mm. from the anterior end of the shell; sculpture of low concentric ridges, stronger anteriorly, sparser toward the beaks, and obsolete on the dorsal area behind; there is an obscure radial depression ante- riorly, and two obscure radial ridges on each side of the impressed escutcheon where the dorsal margin of the valves is prominently ele- vated; there are about 12 anterior and 18 posterior teeth, the resilifer is small, rotund, and subumbonal; there is a small mesial ridge near the end of the rostrum internally. Length, 12; height, 5; diameter, 2.6mm. Cat. No. 208897, U.S.N.M. Station 4367, off Point Loma, San Diego County, California, in 215 fathoms, mud. LEDA HAMATA Carpenter, 1864. Variety limata Dall. In this variety the valves have the same pro- file as in the typical form but the strong concentric sculpture, which is so uniform in the northern specimens of this species, is subject to 398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. extraordinary mutations, which taken alone would appear to represent perfectly distinct species. In the extreme form of this variety the surface of the disk is perfectly smooth. In another mutation there are a few very coarse concentric ridges near the umbones. In still another the umbonal region is smooth and the ridges appear near the basal margin only. The keels on the rostrum in typical limata are plain, in other specimens there may be successive prominent concen- tric ridges rising into pustules where they intersect the keels. Almost every combination of these characters may be found in a large series of the species. These fluctuations appear to be connected with the southern habitat, being most violent in specimens collected at La Paz, just inside the Gulf of California. A somewhat similar series of mu- tations has been noticed in one of the species from the Miocene of Virginia. Cat. No. 211292, U.S.N.M. Station (of the typical specimens) 2902, off Santa Rosa Island, California, in 50 fathoms. YOLDIA OLEACINA, new species. Shell small, plump, smooth except for faint incremental lines, bril- hiantly polished, of a bright yellow brown with a slight olivaceous tint toward the beaks; egg-ovate, rounded and broader in front, attenuated behind; base broadly arcuate, dorsal margin gently curved; beaks low, 6 mm. from the anterior end; no defined lunule or escutcheon; 13 anterior and 11 posterior hinge teeth, the resilifer subumbonal, cup-like; the pallial line has a slight shallow sinus near the posterior adductor scar. Length, 16; height, 9; diameter, 6 mm. Cat. No. 223407, U.S.N.M. Arctic Ocean north of Bering Strait, Captain Healy. This brillant species recalls several of the Arctic species, but does not exactly agree with any of them. YOLDIA SECUNDA, new species. Shell large, thin, inequilateral, inflated, subtruncate and recurved behind; color of a light grayish olive, more or less disposed in zones; this shell much resembles Y. thraciacformis Storer, though it does not attain so great a size; it differs by the absence of the oblique ele- vated posterior ray from the umbones, in being more attenuated behind, and in general more cylindrically inflated; the valves hardly gape in front, and less behind than in that species; the hinge teeth are more numerous and smaller than in thraciaeformis of the same length. There are 24 anterior and 20 posterior teeth, the resilifer is similar to but smaller than in the species referred to above, which has 20 anterior and 10 posterior teeth in a valve of the same length. Length, 39; height, 22; diameter, 14mm. (Cat. No. 107688, U.S.N.M.) Station 3077, in Clarence Strait, Alaska, in 322 fathoms, mud. « No. 21838. NEW NORTHWEST AMERICAN BIVALVES—DALL. 399 YOLDIA BERINGIANA, new species. Shell large, thin, smooth, except for lines of growth, brilliantly polished, inequilateral, hardly rostrate, rounded at each end, less compressed behind than Y. secunda; color a rich yellowish brown, slightly olivaceous near the umbones; valves closing completely; escutcheon striated, narrower than in secunda; beaks very low, 24 anterior and 17 posterior teeth, the resilifer ample, cup-shaped, pro- jecting. The pallial sinus is rather large and rounded. Length, 40; height, 22; diameter, 16 mm. Cat. No. 226195, U.S.N.M. Station 3607, Bering Sea, off the Pribiloff Islands, in 987 fathoms, mud. YOLDIA ORCIA, new species. Shell small, thin, pale olive, brilliantly polished, smooth, equilat- eral; base deeply arcuate; beaks not prominent, the posterior end slightly compressed, pointed and attenuated, the anterior end rounded; hinge with 8 anterior and 6 very minute posterior teeth, the resilifer subumbonal, extremely small. Length, 4.5; height, 3.5; diameter 2mm. Cat. No. 111420, U.S.N.M. Station 2923, off San Diego, California, in 822 fathoms, mud. This species has no indication of lunule or escutcheon. YOLDIA SANESIA, new species. Shell small, thin, plump, pale olivaceous, inequilateral, the anterior end shorter, the beaks 2.6 mm. behind it; base roundly arcuate, dorsal slopes nearly straight, anterior end rounded, posterior end slightly recurved, compressed and bluntly rounded; beaks low, inconspicuous, with no indications of lunule or escutcheon; hinge with 7 or 8 very minute anterior and about 10 posterior teeth, the resilifer subumbonal and minute. Length, 6; height, 4; diameter, 2.5 mm. Cat. No. 223578, U.S.N.M. Station 4224, in Boca de Quadra, Alaska, in 160 f thoms. mud. YOLDIA CECINELLA, new species. Shell minute, polished, smooth, nearly equilateral, the margins arcuate above and below, the anterior end rounded, the posterior more pointed and slightly longer; beaks low and inconspicuous, with neither lunule nor escutcheon indicated; hinge with six or seven minute teeth on each side of the subumbonal, very small resilifer. Length, 5; height, 2.6; diameter, 1.5mm. Cat. No. 211424, U.S.N.M. Station 2823, off La Paz, Gulf of California, in about 26 fathoms. This species is quite close to Y. orcia, but is uniformly less acute behind, smaller and more slender. 400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. YOLDIA CAPSA, new species. Shell very thin, small, polished, smooth, compressed, the beaks hardly rising above the general hingeline; base deeply arcuate, the dorsal margin very slightly convex; anterior end rounded, posterior end slightly broader and flatter, obscurely pointed toward the dorsal level; beaks slightly anterior to the middle line of the shell; hinge with a few very small anterior and posterior teeth; the resilifer sub- umbonal, not projecting. Length, 4.4; height, 3; diameter, 1.5 mm. Cat. No. 212499, U.S.N.M. Station 3346, off Tillamook Bay, Oregon, in 786 fathoms. MALLETIA (MINORMALLETIA) TALAMA, new species. Shell large, thin, plump, of a uniform oval, with a brillant, smooth, light yellowish-olive periostracum; beaks low, near the anterior third with about eight V-shaped teeth in front of them on the hingeline and about 36 much smaller teeth behind them; the latter are not obviously V-shaped, are very uniform in size and appearance; the hingeline is thickened under the anterior teeth, but the ligament is strictly external. The shell is slightly wider and more compressed behind the beaks but the difference is very small. Length, 23; height, 15; diameter, 10 mm. Cat. No. 225384, U.S.N.M. Station 3603, off Pribiloff Islands, Bering Sea, in 1771 fathoms. MALLETIA (NEILO) FIORA, new species. Shell small, thin, inequilateral, smooth, polished, pale olivaceous, somewhat compressed, the beaks at 4 mm. behind the anterior rounded end; the base evenly arcuate, the dorsal slopes nearly straight; near the posterior end the profile is obliquely attenuated above and below, terminating in a point; ligament distinctly external with about ten anterior and more numerous posterior teeth. Length, 10.5; height, 5.5; diameter, 3 mm. Cat. No. 207251, U.S.N.M. Station 2859, southwest of Sitka Bay, Alaska, in 1,569 fathoms. TINDARIA CALIFORNICA, new species. Shell small, olivaceous, darker distally, inflated, smooth except for incremental lines, polished, swollen, inequilateral; beaks inconspic- uous, with a large escutcheon bounded by an angle of the surface, but no lunule; anterior end rounded, plump, 4 mm. in front of the beaks; posterior end attenuated, bluntly rounded, and slightly recurved, the posterior dorsal slope being somewhat concave; the base evenly arched; hinge with 13 anterior and 18 posterior teeth; ligament strictly external, pallial sinus deep. Length, 10.5; height, 6; diam- eter, 4.5mm. Cat. No. 96972, U.S.N.M. Station 2840, off the Santa Barbara Islands, California, in 276 fathoms, mud. NO. 2183. NEW NORTHWEST AMERICAN BIVALVES—DALL. 401 TINDARIA BRUNNEA, new species. Shell small, inflated, solid, subtriangular, of a warm yellow brown color; beaks large, prominent, with no distinguishable lunule or escutcheon, the ligament short but wholly external and behind the beaks; the surface sculptured with rather regular fine incremental lines which, toward the margin, appear almost like concentric ripples; there are also very faint radial lines on some parts of the shell; base arcuate, dorsal slopes nearly straight, anterior end rounded, posterior rather bluntly pointed; hinge with about eight anterior and fourteen posterior teeth. Length, 7.5; height, 6; diameter, 4 mm. Cat. No. 226333, U.S.N.M. Station 3604, Bering Sea, in 1,401 fathoms. The bright color distinguishes this from the other species at a glance. TINDARIA MARTINIANA, new species. Shell small, solid, olivaceous, inflated, subtriangular, inequilateral, the beaks nearer the anterior end; sculpture of fine concentric and still finer radial striae only visible under magnification; beaks full, incurved, 3.5 mm. from the anterior end, a small lanceolate lunule and a narrower and longer escutcheon are indicated only by the brown color of their areas against the pale olive of the shell; shell rounded in front, pointed bluntly behind, the base arcuate, the dorsal slopes nearly straight; hinge with 14 anterior and 16 posterior slender teeth, the ligament entirely external and posterior. Length, 8.6; height, 6.5; diameter, 5mm. Cat. No. 207318, U.S.N.M. Station 4425, off the Santa Barbara Islands, California, in 1,100 fathoms; also off Cape San Martin in 218 fathoms. TINDARIA RITTERI, new species. Shell small, plump, smooth except for incremental lines, brilliantly polished, pale olive, darker near the margin, rounded in front, inequi- ateral, slightly recurved, and bluntly pointed and attenuated behind; beaks low, ligament very short and wholly posterior, 10 or 11 slender V-shaped teeth on either side. Length, 7; height, 4; diameter, 2.6 mm., the beaks, 2.5 mm. behind the anterior end. Cat. No. 209396, U.S.N.M. Station 4325, off La Jolla, California, in 293 fathoms. TINDARIA DICOFANIA, new species. Shell small, olivaceous, callistiform, arcuate, with swollen beaks, concentrically uniformly sculptured, nearly equilateral, the anterior end shorter; a small lanceolate lunule and escutcheon present; both ends rounded, base conspicuously arcuate, the posterior end slightly 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——26 402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. attenuated; about 11 teeth on each side of the hinge, the ligament wholly external. Length, 4.5; height, 3.2; diameter, 2 mm. Cat. No. 215595, U.S.N.M. Station 2923, off San Diego, California, in 822 fathoms. TINDARIA CERVOLA, new species. Shell small, thin, subtriangular, of a uniform olive color, finely uniformly concentrically sculptured, with a few microscopic radia! striulae; base conspicuously arcuate, dorsal slopes nearly straight, the anterior slope shorter, the anterior end rounded, the posterior bluntly pointed, an extremely narrow and small lanceolate lunule and escutcheon present; beaks conspicuous, the prodissoconch visi- ble, whitish; about 10 anterior and 14 posterior teeth, the ligament small, wholly posterior. Length, 4; height, 2.7; diameter, 2 mm. Cat. No. 215594, U.S.N.M. Station 2923, off San Diego, California, in 822 fathoms. GLYCYMERIS CORTEZIANA, new species. Shell solid, white with a brownish periostracum, the surface finely concentrically sculptured, with less conspicuous fine radiating striae, on which the periostracum exhibits ciliated lines; valves moderately compressed, suborbicular, evenly rounded in front and below, some- what produced behind, the lower margins finely crenulated; beaks small, inconspicuous; area very narrow, closely divaricately grooved; hinge plate broad, with about 12 anterior and 16 posterior teeth. Length, 22; height, 20; diameter, 11mm. Cat. No. 212431, U.S.N.M. Station 2918 on the edge of Cortez Bank, California, in 67 fathoms. GLYCYMERIS MIGUELIANA, new species. Sheli solid, white with sparse zigzag lines of reddish brown and in- ternally often with a touch of brown near the posterior margin; sur- face smooth except for irregularities of growth; valves suborbicular, anterior side slightly longer, posterior hardly produced; beaks low, area small and divaricately grooved; inner basal margin crenulated; anterior teeth 10-14, posterior 9-12; valves moderately convex. Length, 23; height, 22; diameter, 14 mm. Cat. No. 120775, U.S.N.M. Station, San Miguel Island, California. LIMOPSIS SKENIA, new species. Shell small, finely reticulately sculptured, with a longhaired vel- vetty periostracum; narrow, high, rather inflated, thin, whitish under the brown periostracum; beaks small, area small, hinge line short, with one outer large and one or two small inner teeth on each side of the resilifer. General form oblique. Length, 7; height, 9.2; diameter, 6.5mm, Cat. No. 205883, U.S.N.M. No. 21838. NEW NORTHWEST AMERICAN BIVALVES—DALL. 403 Station 4471, Bowers Bank, Bering Sea, in 30 fathoms. The peculiar narrow oblique form is so far unique in the genus. The margins are smooth. LIMOPSIS AKUTANICA, new species. Shell white, with a golden brown long-haired periostracum, the surface concentrically somewhat irregularly sculptured, the ridges crossed by finer, closer, less conspicuous striae; disk ovate, compressed, with inconspicuous beaks, a very small narrow area and a relatively large resilifer; the inner margins are flat; the hinge plate narrow with about 7 posterior and 9 anterior teeth; interior of the disk finely radially striate. Length, 21; height, 18; diameter, 8 mm, Cat. No. 224263, U.S.N.M. Station 2842, southeast of Akutan Island, Aleutians, in 72 fathoms. PTERIA VIRIDIZONA, new species. Shell small, oval, translucent, sea-green, distributed in narrow darker and lighter zones, sculptured with narrow, very elongate, opake, whitish scales, distributed in radiating lines with wider bare spaces between them; right valve smaller and flatter with a sinus for the byssus; left valve larger with the anterior ear compressed but not sinuate; the hinge line shorter than the shell with a shallow rounded sinus between the posterior ear and the body of the disk; interior with the pearly area small and no denticulations on the hinge line. Length, 25; height, 13; diameter, 5 mm. Cat. No. 172600, U.S.N.M. Long Beach, California (H. N. Lowe). VULSELLA PACIFICA, new species. Shell small, irregular, dark purple margined with white, the sur- face sculptured with obscure concentric ridges crossed by fine vermic- ulate radial striations; interior dark purple with white valve margins; resilifer very large and strong, inner valve margins smooth. Length, 9; height, 11; diameter, about 6 mm. Cat. No. 101935, U.S.N.M. Nicaragua (Thomas Bridges). The specimen may be young, but it seemed worthy of description, since no species of this genus has hitherto been reported from the Americas. PSEUDAMUSIUM INCONGRUUM, new species. Shell small, white, suborbicular, left valve rather flat with short straight hinge line, ears concentrically scaly, sculpture of disk con- centric continuous low sharp lamellae, crossed by slightly raised radial lines, conspicuous only at the intersections which form in the 404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. middle of the disk square reticulations with a small conspicuous pustule at each intersection; laterally these are more crowded; right valve concave near the margin, closely regularly concentrically lam- ellose; anterior ear with five radial lines, coarsely lamellose with a shallow notch and serrate margin. Height, 14; breadth, 15; diam- eter, 3mm. Cat. No. 207273, U.S.N.M. Station 2986, southwest of San Diego, in 684 fathoms. The sculpture is sparser and partly obsolete near the beaks. PSEUDAMUSIUM BISTRIATUM, new species. Shell small, suborbicular, moderately convex, white, thin; left valve finely concentrically, rather distantly lamellose, the lamellae closer and more conspicuous on the subequal ears; radial sculpture of very fine, close-set, uniform almost microscopic elevated lines, which do not reticulate the lamellations; right valve with the concentric, but without the radial sculpture, concave near the margin, the disk about as convex as the other valve, ears subequal, byssal notch short, acute; one or two faint radii on the ear above it. Height, 7; breadth, 7; diameter, 2mm. Cat. No. 214056, U.S.N.M. Station 2923, off San Diego, California, in 822 fathoms. LIMATULA ATTENUATA, new species. Shell small, narrow, thin, white, radially sculptured with low, rather close-set, rounded threads, crossed near the distal margin with low concentric irregular lamellations so as to give that part of the valve a minutely scabrous effect; the medial radii are broader than the others and radially striate, no mesial sulcus is noticeable but it is clearly indi- cated on the inside of the valve; beaks low, incurved; area triangular, resilifer large and excavated; hinge margin short, strongly buttressed on each side; valve margin crenulate. Height, 7; width, 3.6; diam- eter,4mm. Cat. No. 220510, U.S.N.M. Nazan Bay, Atka Island, Aleutian chain. SEPTIFER BIFURCATUS, new variety, OBSOLETUS. Shell large, the external sculpture obsolete, the distal part of the valves nearly smooth. Cat. No. 173359, U.S.N.M. San Diego Bay, mud flats. MODIOLUS (?POLITUS Verrill var.) PALLIDULUS, new species. Shell thin, smooth, brilliantly polished, attenuated anteriorly, wide and bluntly rounded behind, divided into two color areas, the dorsal large, translucent with a whitish zigzag reticulation, the ventral opaque white with a yellowish tinge; hinge edentulous, margins entire. Length, 23; maximum height, 11.5; beaks behind the anterior end, 1; diameter, 5 mm. Cat. No, 212746, U.S.N.M. . No. 2183. NEW NORTHWEST AMERICAN BIVALVES—DALL. 405 Station 3197, off San Luis Obispo Bay, in 77 fathoms. None of the Pacific specimens have the golden yellow color of the Atlantic species and none of them attain the same size. Otherwise the shells are very similar. DACRYDIUM PACIFICUM, new species. Shell minute, whitish, much the shape of Musculus vernicosus Mid- dendorff, on a minute scale, differing from the Atlantic D. vitreum by its smaller size and more elongated outline. Length, 3.6; height, 2.5; diameter, 1.5 mm. Cat. No. 214092, U.S.N.M. Station 3604, 1,401 fathoms, mud, in Bering Sea. MUSCULUS NIGER Gray, new variety, OBESUS. Shell resembling the typical flattish form but markedly more inflated. Length, 60; height, 31; diameter, 18 mm. Cat. No. 223317, U.S.N.M. Plover Bay near Bering Strait, in 8 to 20 fathoms. MUSCULUS NIGER Gray, new variety, PROTRACTUS. Shell resembling the young of the typical form but more inflated and elongated, the sculpture very distinct, the medial area smooth, blackish, the dorsal areas olivaceous. Length, 13; height, 6.5; diameter, 5.5mm. Cat. No. 222017, U.S.N.M. North of Nunivak Island, Bering Sea, in 9 fathoms, gravel. MUSCULUS OLIVACEUS, new species. Shell small, thin, polished, pale olivaceous near the beaks, growing darker distally; medial area smooth, anterior area with six or seven rather strong radial grooves; posterior area with numerous shallow channeled radii crossed by rather regular slightly elevated concentric lines, giving a silky luster to the surface; beaks inconspicuous, inflated; dorsum arched, base nearly straight, both ends evenly rounded, the posterior slightly wider; interior whitish, the margin crenulated by the sculpture, the beaks very close to the posterior end, Length, 10; height, 6; diameter,5 mm. Cat. No. 210790, U.S.N.M. Off Bering Island, in 10 fathoms. This differs in sculpture, color, and proportions from the young of M. laevigatus. Genus LITHOPHAGA Bolten, 1798. Section LABIS Dall, 1916. Type.—Lithophaga attenuata Deshayes. The typical Lithophaga has a clean outer surface; Diberus a divari- cate plumose posterior incrustation; Myoforceps, two crossed conical projections; the present form has on each valve a semicylindrical 406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. smooth appendage of which the distal end is internally flattened and somewhat separated from the appendage of the opposite valve, the ends being rounded. CRENELLA ROTUNDATA, new species. Shell small, rounded-quadrate, inflated, with a very thin, dehiscent, pale olive periostracum; beaks central, inconspicuous, with no crenu- lations beneath them; sculpture of faint incremental lines and obso- lete radial striae near the margin; inner margin very delicately crenulate except near the beaks. Length, 4; breadth, 4; diameter, 2mm. Cat. No. 129305, U.S.N.M. Station 2849, off Santa Cruz Island, California, in 155 fathoms, sand. DERMATOMYA BUTTONI, new species. Shell small, rounded-quadrate, plump, thin, yellowish olive, hardly polished, smooth, with iridescent reflections from under the perios- tracum when fresh; beaks nearly central, not prominent, hinge teeth normal, strong; interior bluish white, margins entire, pallial sinus shallow. Length, 9.8; breadth, 8; diameter, 6 mm. Cat. No, 194309, U.S.N.M. Station 3670, Monterey Bay, in 581 fathoms. DERMATOMYA BERINGIANA, new species. Shell large, thin, plump, inequilateral, anterior end shorter, base arcuate, anterior end rounded, posterior dorsal slope first convexly slightly arcuate, then obliquely subtruncate to meet the basal curve; beaks prominent, 7 mm. behind the anterior end; surface smooth, except for faint incremental irregularities, iridescent under a pale olive, polished periostracum; beaks slightly prosocoelous, hinge weak, the teeth minute, the ossiculum well developed; interior whitish, the pallial smus very shallow. Length, 20; height, 14; diameter, 12 mm, Cat. No. 205899, U.S.N.M. Bowers Bank, Bering Sea, in 557 fathoms. DERMATOMYA LEONINA, new species. Shell large for the genus, mactriform, solid, inflated, transverse, with a dull olivaceous periostracum, darker, and concentrically wrinkled on the posterior dorsal area; surface smooth except for fine incremental lines and microscopic radial striulae often obsolete; beaks high, slightly prosocoelous, nearly central; base moderately arcuate, anterior end rounded, dorsal slopes nearly straight, a shallow radial depression on the posterior dorsal area, posterior end subtrun- cate; hinge weak, ligament deeply inset; hinge teeth almost obso- lete; margins entire, pallial sinus shallow, interior feebly iridescent no.2183. NEW NORTHWEST AMERICAN BIVALVES—DALL. 407 eM ats noe Ce eee) white. Length, 27; height, 18.5; diameter, 14.6 mm. Cat. No. 122564, U.S.N.M. Station 3074, off Sea Lion Rock, coast of Washington, in 877 fathoms. CETOCONCHA MALESPINAE, new species. Shell small, very thin, with prominent prosocoelous beaks, a very pale yellowish olive periostracum, darker on the posterior dorsal area; in the right valve is a strong radial ridge near the posterior hinge line; surface otherwise smooth and almost polished except for extremely fine radial lines of minute granules only visible under a glass; shell very similar to Isocardia cor in form and outline on a very small scale; interior white, the hinge normal but weak. Length. 12.5; height, 10; diameter, 8.5mm. Cat. No. 212564, U.S.N.M. Station 2859, southwest of Sitka Bay, Alaska, in 1,569 fathoms. MYONERA TILLAMOOKENSIS, new species. Shell extremely thin, fragile, inflated, beaks nearly central (neglect- ing the rostrum), whitish, the anterior part of the shell with about 20 strong, rounded, concentric ripples which cease posteriorly at the anterior border of the radial sculpture which includes four strong and about fifteen threadlike radial riblets extending from the beaks to the base, behind which is a short, blunt, concentrically feebly striate, truncate rostrum; base arcuate, hinge-line nearly straight, the right margin slightly overlapping the other. Length, 18; height, 12; diameter, 10 mm. Cat. No. 107819, U.S.N.M. Station 3346, off Tillamook Bay, Oregon, in 786 fathoms. CUSPIDARIA APODEMA, new species. Shell small, white, polished, swollen, with a prominent tubular rostrum; inequilateral, the beaks 6 mm. behind the anterior end; the rostrum about 5 mm. long; beaks conspicuous, prosocoelous; the exterior smooth except for incremental lines and wrinkles on the dorsal side of the rostrum; hinge-line nearly straight, anterior end rounding imperceptibly into the semicircular base which is suddenly constricted at the rostrum. Length, 17; height, 10; diameter, 8 mm. Cat. No. 122602, U.S.N.M. Station 2859, southwest of Sitka Bay, Alaska, in 1,569 fathoms. Near but not C. obesa Lovén, of the Atlantic. CARDIOMYA BALBOAE, new species. Shell small, whitish with a yellowish periostracum; inequilateral, rostrate, somewhat inflated, posterior end shorter, anterior ovately rounded; beaks small, pointed, not elevated; sculpture of anterior half of the disk faintly irregularly concentrically rippled; behind this 12 to 15 radial, more or less alternated threads extending to the 408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52. margin from the umbones and increasing in strength backward; be- hind the last and strongest an excavated concentrically striated space marks the beginning of the rostrum which beyond that has four or five faint radial threads and is abruptly truncate. Length 8.9; height, 5; diameter, 3.2mm. Cat. No. 208650, U.S.N.M. Station 2911, on the edge of Cortez Bank, in 60 fathoms. CALYPTOGENA ELONGATA, new species. Shell resembling a Tagelus in form, elongate compressed, white under a yellowish periostracum, rounded at both ends, base nearly straight; anterior dorsal slope short, beaks low, small, pointed, about 10 mm. from the anterior end of the valves, posterior slope long, gently arcuate; surface devoid of any sculpture except rather conspicuous incremental lines; ligament strong; interior porcellanous white, pallial line entire; hinge teeth small, normal. Length, 44; height, 17.5; diameter, 10 mm. Cat. No. 110774, U.S.N.M. Off Point Loma, California, in 275 fathoms, at station 4432. This can be distinguished at once from the C. pacifica by its elongate form and more delicate and compressed shell. MIODONTISCUS MERIDIONALIS, new species. Shell small, solid, white, with 9 or 10 strong rounded adjacent radial ribs cut by about as many concentric incised lines, the segments of the ribs more or less swollen; beaks small, erect, no visible lunule, or escutcheon; teeth strong; inner basal margin coarsely crenulate. Length, 4; height, 4; diameter, 2 mm. Cat. No. 208948, U.S.N.M. Station 4309, off Point Loma, California, in 78 fathoms. Smaller, less compressed, and more conspicuously sculptured than the northern M. prolongatus. MILNERIA KELSEYI, new species. This species has been confused from the beginning with M. minima Dall, and is best diagnosed comparatively. The latter has the radial sculpture, especially the four strong ribs of the posterior part, coarsely and conspicuously imbricated, with no very marked keel from the umbo to the posterior basal angle. The shell in a general way is in all respects less angular. I. kelseyi has a conspicuous ridge extend- ing from the umbo to the posterior basal angle; the imbricated ribs are less conspicuous, the scales smaller and less prominent, the an- terior end more attenuated, the shell wider and more depressed, and is apparently larger when mature. Length, 11; height, 3; diameter, 45mm, Cat. No. 253037, U.S.N.M. On Haliotis shells, Central California. M. minima has a rather large conspicuous impressed lunule and smaller narrow escutcheon; WM. kelseyi an extremely small lunule and an escutcheon larger and more conspicuous. * No. 2183. NEW NORTHWEST AMERICAN BIVALVES—DALL,. 409 Sin nnn nnn LEE a THYASIRA CYGNUS, new species. Shell white with a pale straw-colored periostracum, moderately convex, sharply compressed behind, the beaks prominent, prosocoe- lous over a large cordate lunule, the escutcheon long and very narrow, bounded by a sharp keel; general form rounded quadrate, the com- pressed posterior area narrow and basally falling notably short of the basal curve of the disk; posterior slope slightly convexly arcuate; anterior distinctly concave, meeting the basal arc in an obtuse angu- lation. Length, 14; height, 13.5; diameter, 8.5 mm. Cat. No. 222618, U.S.N.M. Station 4224, Cygnet Inlet, Boca de Quadra, Alaska, in 160 fathoms. THYASIRA TRICARINATA, new species. Shell chalky white, produced below, with pointed prosocoelous beaks over a deeply impressed ovate lunule bounded by a sharp carina; escutcheon long, narrow, lanceolate, the valve margins rising as a sharp keel in the middle, the outer border very prominently keeled, outside of which is a similarly shaped excavated area also bordered by an angular keel; still outside of this there is a com- pressed area with no distinct anterior boundary except an obscure ray near the umbones; over this area the surface is concentrically striated, the rest of the disk being nearly smooth; hinge very feeble, ligament linear. Length, 15; height, 18; diameter, 10mm. Cat. No. 209321, U.S.N.M. Station 4425, off the Santa Barbara Islands, California, in 1,100 fathoms. ERYCINA CATALINAE, new species. Shell small, inequilateral, the anterior side shorter, rounded, the base nearly straight; posterior side also rounded, slightly attenuated, the dorsal slope convex but descending; hinge strong, the teeth well developed; the beaks well developed, not prominent, the surface smooth except for faint incremental lines, covered with a light yel- lowish-brown dull periostracum. Length, 2.5; height, 2; diameter, 1.3mm. Cat. No. 210879, U. S.N. M. Catalina Island. California, Brannan. ERYCINA? CORONATA, new species. Shell small, white, rounded quadrate, nearly equilateral, the surface finely concentrically striated; basal margin nearly straight; ends rounded, the posterior a little produced basally, the dorsal slopes similar, slightly descending, with at each end two to four minute ele- vated spinules. Length, 4; height, 3; diameter, 1.2 mm. Cat. No. 225193, U.S.N.M. Off South Coronado Island, in 3 to 6 fathoms, Dr. F. Baker. Only one left valve was obtained. 410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. ERYCINA BAKERI, new species. Shell small, white with a pale yellowish periostracum, subquadrate, inequilateral, the anterior end shorter; hinge line short, straight, at the outer extremities usually a small spinule, beaks pointed, the pro- dissoconch visible; from the beak extends a wide depression obliquely backward to the middle of the base, becoming more defined distally; at the base in the adult it is strongly marked and emphasized by a rounded sulcus in the margin, behind which the surface rises into a rounded ridge armed with one or more elevated short lamellae, and having its basal termination produced into a sort of hook; hinge rather feeble, valves rather compressed. Length, 6.3; height, 4.5; diameter, 2mm. Cat. No. 225192, U.S.N.M. Off South Coronado Island, in 3 to 6 fathoms, Dr. F. Baker. This remarkable little shell doubtless owes its curious modifica- tions to a commensal habit of living attached to some other animal—a crustacean or annelid. ERYCINA BALLIANA, new species. Shell small, with the outline of a very compressed Kellia, white with a very pale yellowish periostracum, concentrically microscopically threaded, the threads occasionally becoming microscopically lamellar; valves nearly equilateral, the anterior part slightly longer, base evenly arcuate, the posterior end somewhat attenuated. Length, 3; height 2.9; diameter, 1.7mm. Cat. No. 225191, U.S.N.M. Off South Coronado Island in 3 fathoms, Dr. F. Baker. Named in honor of Mrs. Paula Ball, of the Conchological Club of Los Angeles, Yalifornia. ERYCINA CHACEI, new species. Shell small, compressed, rounded-quadrate; nearly equilateral, the anterior end slightly shorter; beaks low, pustular, minute; dorsal margin nearly straight, basal margin gently arcuate; surface finely concentrically striate, whitish under a pale ashy periostracum, both ends nearly evenly rounded, hinge very feeble. Length, 5.3; height, 3.5; diameter, 1.8mm. Cat. No. 211219, U.S.N.M. Station 4343, off the South Coronado Island, in 155 fathoms. This shell may eventually prove to be a Pseudopythina. Only one right valve was obtained. It is named in honor of Mr. and Mrs. E. P. Chace, of Los Angeles, California. ERYCINA SANTAROSAE, new species. Shell small, compressed, whitish, with a thin pale brownish dull periostracum; profile approaching £. balliana but more elongated, and the surface smooth, almost polished and without the microscopic con- centric sculpture; evenly ovate, nearly equilateral, the anterior end a No. 2183. NEW NORTHWEST AMERICAN BIVALVES—DALL. 411 ea NenannenannweTs SS ee trifle shorter; beaks low, pustular, the prodissoconch very small but distinct. Length, 4; height, 3.5; diameter, 1.5 mm. Cat. No. 194339, U.S.N.M. Santa Rosa Island, California. ANISODONTA? PELLUCIDA, new species. Shell minute, white, pellucid, rounded triangular, smooth and polished; beaks prominent, dorsal slopes convexly arcuate behind, straighter in front; base arcuate, valves moderately arcuate with entire margins; hinge with developed anterior and posterior laterals and two cardinals, the anterior tooth bifid. Length, 2.3; height, 2; diameter, 1.3mm. Cat. No. 208475, U.S.N.M. Monterey Bay, California, The generic place of this minute shell is doubtful, but the form is distinctly like Hucharis, though the hinge appears to differ. ROCHEFORTIA FERRUGINOSA, new species. Shell small, white, thin, subdonaciform, compressed, invariably coated with a ferruginous layer like some species of Axinulus, inequi- lateral; anterior side longer, apical angle about 90; both ends rounded base arcuate. Length, 4.5; height, 3.25; diameter, 1.5mm. Cat. No. 214413, U.'S.N.M. San Francisco Bay. ROCHEFORTIA BERINGENSIS, new species. Shell large for the genus, oval, white with an olivaceous periostra- cum, thin, somewhat compressed, sculptured rudely with low irregu- lar concentric ridges; inequilateral, posterior end longer, both rounded ; beaks not prominent, hinge small and feeble, except that the resilium and its attachments are rather large. Length, 11.5; height, 10; diameter, 4mm. Cat. No. 210951, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, Bering Sea (Grebnitzsky). ROCHEFORTIA GREBNITZSKI, new species. Shell small, translucent, polished, whitish; nearly equilateral; general shape that of Bornia, but without the brilliant surface; sculp- ture of fine concentric lines visible under a glass, which render the surface dull; beaks rather prominent, hinge weak. Length, 3.25; height, 2.5; diameter, 1.3mm. Cat. No. 207258 a, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, Bering Sea (Grebnitzsky). This may ultimately prove to be a Bornia. ROCHEFORTIA GOLISCHI, new species. Shell subquadrate, compressed, thin, white, very inequilateral; the anterior end very short, beaks low, 1 mm. behind the anterior 412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. end; posterior end rounded almost exactly like the anterior, base gently arcuate; surface polished, minutely concentrically rippled; prodissoconch visible; hinge weak, the resilifer large, obliquely in- clined backward. Length, 6; height, 5.5; diameter, 2.5 mm. Cat. No. 210876, U.S.N.M. Station 2900, off Santa Rosa Island, California, in 13 fathoms. Named in honor of Mr. W. H. Golisch, of the Los Angeles Concholog- ical Club. PSEUDOPYTHINA MYACIFORMIS, new species. Shell small, myaciform, plump, nearly equilateral, the posterior end slightly shorter, wider, and rounded; anterior end more atten- uated; surface finely concentrically threaded, but obscured by an habitual coating of a blackish color, probably manganese dioxide; the shell underneath it is yellowish white; hinge weak, the ligament carrying a long, very narrow, lithodesma. Length, 8.5; height, 5.5; diameter,3 mm. Cat. No. 133235, U.S.N.M. Port Orchard, Puget Sound. The young shells are proportionately shorter. TRIGONIOCARDIA EUDOXIA, new species. Shell small, mottled with hghter and darker rose-color, suborbicular, inflated, strongly sculptured; radial sculpture of 15 sharp angular ribs with subequal interspaces, the keel of the ribs sparsely, regularly, minutely pustular; on the posterior dorsal area are six additional smaller more closely pustular riblets; the interspaces in all are finely concentrically rugose; the hinge is strong; the interior margins deeply sulcate in harmony with the radial sculpture; the central part of the interior is whitish. Length, 9; height, 9; diameter, 8 mm, Cat. No. 208590, U.S.N.M. Station 3020, Gulf of California, in 7 fathoms. PROTOCARDIA PAZIANA, new species. Shell small and delicate, resembling P. panamensis Dall, but smaller, more delicate, more elongated, and with the spinose posterior sculp- ture much more prominent when preserved intact; sculpture of about 40 anterior minutely nodulous ribs, each giving the effect of a string of beads, and to the interspaces of punctation; there are about 22 ribs on the posterior area, which, when intact, carry close-set spinules; the inner margins are sharply serrate; the hinge margin near the um- bones has a tinge of crimson, otherwise the shell is yellowish white. Length, 10; height, 8.6; diameter,6mm. Cat. No. 211618, U.S.N.M. Station 2828, off La Paz, Gulf of California, in 10 fathoms. CARDIUM DULCINEA, new species. Shell obliquely ovate, strongly radially sculptured with about 22 rounded ribs with narrower not channeled interspaces; the more > No. 2183. NEW NORTHWEST AMERICAN BIVALVES—DALL. 413 anterior ribs are flattened; between the last six in the narrow inter- spaces is a minute undulation which becomes obsolete as the shell grows; the color of the shell is ivory white, more or less concentrically mottled with reddish brown; interior white, channeled in harmony with the radial sculpture, the margins, especially behind, deeply sul- cate; beaks prominent, conspicuously incurved. Length, 43; height, 52; diameter, 36 mm. Cat. No. 193824, U.S.N.M. Real Llejos, Gulf of Dulce, Central America. SAXIDOMUS GIGANTEUS Deshayes, 1839. New variety brevis. Shell short, subtriangular, small in comparison with type and much less elongated. Length, 60; height, 50; diam- eter, 33mm. Cat. No. 204020, U.S.N.M. Mole Harbor, Admiralty Islands, Alaska, Mrs. Stephens. PROTOTHACA STAMINEA, new variety SPATIOSA. Shell large, heavy, rounded quadrate, inequilateral, the beak be- hind the anterior end 18 mm.; yellowish or brownish white without markings; sculpture of simple, similar, narrow radial ribs with nar- rower interspaces, except on the posterior dorsal area where there are a few wider ribs with deeper interspaces; inner margins finely crenulate; pallial sinus deep, narrow, nearly horizontal. Length, 80; height, 67; diameter, 50 mm. Cat. No. 151562, U.S.N.M. Coos Bay, Oregon, Dall. PSEPHIDIA BRUNNEA, new species. Shell small, rounded triangular, moderately convex, brown, pale yellow with zigzag brown reticulation, or even pale yellowish with only traces of red or brown on the hingeline; surface apparently smooth, with a dull silky effect, which on magnification is seen to be due to minute concentric close-set threadlike sculpture; beaks promi- nent, prodissoconch minute but distinct; hinge normal, strong; inner margins entire, pallial sinus shallow, irregular. Length, 3.7; height, 3; diameter, 2mm. Cat. No. 109469, U.S.N.M. Catalina Island, California, in 16 fathoms, Dall. The shells are often crowded with nepionic young asin Sphaerium. MACOMA BROTA, new name. This is Tellina edentula Broderip and Sowerby, 1829, not of Speng- ler, 1793; and in part T. lata of Middendorff, 1851, not of Gmelin, 1792. The following form would seem to be specifically distinct were there not a few intermediate specimens: 414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. MACOMA BROTA, new variety, LIPARA. Shell resembling brota but more rotund, less rostrate, with a wider and rounder anterior end, shorter and more rounded posterior end, and more polished surface. The respective measurements are as follows, in millimeters: 219,461; MM. brota: Height, 53; length, 74; diameter, 22; posterior end, 32. 223,032; M. lipara: Height, 57; length, 74; diameter, 25; posterior end, 33. Cat. No. 223032, USN M. Both have the same distribution south of Bering Strait, but I have not seen lipara from Arctic waters. Both reach Puget Sound. MACOMA INQUINATA Deshayes, 1854. New variety arnheimi. Shell resembling the typical inguinata but shorter, and relatively more plump; the beaks 15 mm. behind the anterior end; the basal margin somewhat produced; the rostration shorter, less pronounced and less obliquely twisted. Length, 38; height, 30; diameter, 15 mm. Cat. No. 122537, U.S.N.M. Kodiak Island, Alaska, Arnheim. MACOMA QUADRANA, new species. Shell small, white, polished, intermediate between MM. carlottensis Whiteaves, and M. inflatula Dall, but smaller than either; perios- tracum pale straw color, slightly iridescent, microscopically concen- trically striated; anterior end larger, posterior end short, obliquely subtruncate, the rostrum slightly bent to the right; the right valve a little flatter than the left; two faint low riblets extending from the beaks to the posterior basal angle; hinge very weak, pallial sinus deep and high. Length, 19; height, 13.5; diameter, 7 mm. Cat. No. 225421, U.S.N.M. Boca de Quadra, Alaska. Type-specimens from off Point Concep- tion at station 2892, in 284 fathoms MACOMA TRUNCARIA, new species. Shell small, subquadrate, white, nearly equilateral, the posterior end slightly shorter, attenuated subtruncate; basal margin nearly straight, anterior end evenly rounded, beaks not prominent, dorsal slopes subequal, the posterior steepest; sculpture only of incremental lines irregularly prominent; hinge teeth feeble; interior chalky white, the pallial sinus reaching only to the vertical of the beak, rounded, free from the pallial line. Length, 15; height, 10; diameter, 4 mm. Cat. No. 210916, U.S.N.M. Arctic coast between Cape Halkett and Garry River. ERVILIA CALIFORNICA, new species. Shell small, ovate, white with a rosy flush, inequilateral, the pos- terior end shorter; the beaks inconspicuous, the ends rounded, the * no. 2188. NEW NORTHWEST AMERICAN BIVALVES—DALL. 415 basal margin arcuate; sculpture of fine close-set regular, uniform concentric threads over the whole surface; hinge strong, pallial sinus small. Length, 7; height, 4.5; diameter, 2mm. Cat. No. 151419, U.S.N.M. San Pedro, California, Bridwell. MACTRELLA CLISIA, Dall, 1915. Shell large, white, with a thin, dehiscent periostracum, conspicu- ously arcuate, inflated, and egregiously keeled around the posterior dorsal slope; anterior end produced, attenuated, rounded; beaks very high, notably prosocoelous; posterior slope sharp, posterior end flattened, the flat area bordered with a high keel, in front of which is a marked constriction; the flat area is divided by an elevated ray into two nearly equal parts which are somewhat excavated ; the valve mar- gins near the beaks prominently produced; sculpture only of lines of growth which are fairly conspicuous; hinge line extremely short, pallial sinus reaching only to the vertical from the posterior lateral teeth, the posterior end with an oval gape. Length, 88; height, 66; diameter, 32mm. Cat. No. 271481, U.S.N.M. Type from Manzanillo, Mexico. Range thence to Santa Elena, Ecuador. This remarkable shell is more like the West Indian species than it is to M. exoleta of the Pacific coast, but all its characters are, as it were, exaggerated to a fantastic extent. SPHENIA TRUNCULUS, new species. Shell short, whitish with a dirty ash-colored periostracum, rude and more or less distorted, abruptly truncate, almost equilateral, the anterior portion swollen, the posterior part attenuated. Length, 7; height, 4.3; diameter, 4mm. Cat. No. 160116, U.S.N.M. San Diego, California, among barnacles on the wharf piles. SPHENIA PHOLADIDEA, new species. Shell small, thin, white, with a blackish periostracum, which is con- spicuously laminate on the posterior dorsal area; very inequilateral, the anterior side shorter, the beaks inconspicuous, 4 mm. behind the anterior end; sculpture of rude incremental lines, posterior end abruptly truncate, hardly attenuated; pallial sinus rounded, not reaching the vertical of the beaks; hinge with a prominent toothlike projection in the right valve before, in the left valve behind the resi- lifer. Length, 12; height, 5.3; diameter, 4 mm. Cat. No. 2581, U.S.N.M. Santa Barbara, California, Major Rich. CORBULA PORCELLA, new species. Shell small, ashy white, inequivalve, the left valve smaller; inequi- lateral, the posterior end larger; rounded in front, pointed behind; 416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. a prominent angle separates the posterior dorsal area from the rest of the disk; surface concentrically evenly threaded, the threads a little more pronounced on the dorsal area; an obscure almost microscopic radial striation is sometimes apparent; the siphons protrude beyond the rostrum with a dense covering of wrinkled periostracum; interior white, hinge normal, the basal margin of the right valve partly over- lapping that of the left valve; pallial smus obsolete. Length, 8.5; height, 4; diameter 4.5 mm., but the shell is often larger. Cat. No. 97039, U.S.N.M. Station 2838, off Lower California, in 44 fathoms, mud. The spe- cies extends northward to the Santa Barbara Islands, California. CORBULA KELSEYI, new species. Shell rather large, rounded triangular, whitish, heavy, not inflated; the surface sculptured by low concentric lamellae, a little more promi- nent near the posterior end of the shell, separated by equal or slightly wider interspaces crossed by fine radial threads which do not crenu- late the lamellae; there is no defined posterior dorsal area or keel; interior with a deep anteriorly rounded pallial sinus, fused with the pallial line below for the greater part of its length. There seems to be a small narrow lunular area in the left valve. Length, 16; height, 10; diameter of left valve, 3mm. Cat. No. 120691, U.S.N.M. Catalina Island, California. Named in honor of Prof. F. W. Kelsey of San Diego. PANOMYA ARCTICA Lamarck, new variety, TURGIDA. Shell very similar to the North Atlantic form but very much more capacious and larger. Length, 90; height, 60; diameter, 48 mm. Cat. No. 151224, U.S.N.M. This form is common to the Aleutian Islands, and eastward as far as the Shumagins. The type-specimen is from Popoff Strait in the Shumagin group, Alaska. PANOMYA BERINGIANA, new species. Shell resembling P. arctica Lamarck, in a general way, but thinner, less cylindrical, much larger, and proportionately shorter. Length, 130; height, 80; diameter, 50 mm. A single valve reaches a length of 150 and a height of 110 mm. Type-svecimen, Cat. No. 212875. U.S.N.M. Station 3529, near the Pribiloff Islands, in 56 fathoms. Eastern Bering Sea in general. SAXICAVELLA PACIFICA, new species. Shell small, thin, white, with a pale olive dehiscent periostracum ; inequilateral, the anterior end shorter and more attenuated, the pos- terior longer, more vertically expanded; surface sculptured only by * NO. 2183. NEW NORTHWEST AMERICAN BIVALVES—DALL. ALT incremental lines; a rounded ridge extends from the inconspicuous beak to the posterior basal margin, but there is no keel or angle; in- terior distinctly pearly, hinge as in the Atlantic species. Length, 5.8; height, 3; diameter, 2mm. Cat. No. 209912, U.S.N.M. Station 4356, 131 fathoms, off Pomt Loma, San Diego County, California. PHOLADIDEA SAGITTA (Stearns Ms.). Shell closely similar to P. penita Conrad, but with shorter propor- tions, measured longitudinally, and with a corresponding widening of the dorsal appendages of the adult. In ail other respects it resem- bles P. penita, of which it is doubtless a variety. The name having found its way into collections, it was thought best to give it an ac- knowledgable status. The type-specimen comes from Monterey, California. Cat. No. 63312, U.S.N.M. 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——27 A NEW FIND OF METEORIC STONES NEAR PLAINVIEW, HALE COUNTY, TEXAS. By Grorce P. MErRILt. Head Curator, Department of Geology, United States National Museum. The stones described below were forwarded to the Museum by Mr. Harl Rightmire, who reports that they were found some 5 miles southwest of Plainview, in Hale County, Texas. Nothing is known regarding the fall, and as the various individuals show unmistakable evidences of having lain a long time in the soil, speculation is useless. Three fairly complete individuals and a fragment were forwarded, weighing respectively 870 (fragment), 1320, 1,915, and 3,450 grams. Small fragments broken from two of the individuals are estimated to have weighed about 50 grams, bringing the total weight up to 7,605 grams. Inasmuch as the largest individual is plainly a spawl from a still larger mass, such figures are of little value excepting to the dealer and collector. Two of the more complete individuals, the first and third in size, are shown on plate 34, the larger being about 17 by 164 by 74 cm. in diameter. All are well encrusted, though discolored by oxidation. (See Addendum, p. 421.) The fact that the pieces are obviously fragments from a large mass, and that Hale County abuts directly on Crosby County, led at first to the prompt suggestion that they might have belonged to the Estacado fall. A single glance at a thin section is enough, however, to show this to be incorrect, as the stones are of quite different types. The smaller of the Plainview stones are too much oxidized to render exterior markings of much value, but apparently the face of the largest mass shown in figure 2 was the brustseite, as distinct radiations may be seen extending outward in all directions from the thumb pittings shown in the upper center (see pl. 34). In thin section this meteorite is found to be of a common chondritic type, consisting of chondrules and fragments of chondrules in a finer ground in part crystalline and in part fragmental of the same mate- PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. 52—No. 2184. 419 420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. rial interspersed with the usual metallic iron and abundant iron sul- phide. The silicate minerals are olivine and pyroxenes of both the normal orthorhombic and twinned monoclinic types. No feldspars are present. Oxidation has badly obscured the finer details of struc- ture and rendered impossible the identification of any minor constit- uents which might perhaps exist. The pulverized material boiled in water for half an hour gave a filtrate reacting distinctly for chlorine, calcium, and sulphur, and a portion allowed to stand for a like length of time in one part nitric acid and 20 parts water, gave strong quali- tative reactions for P,O,, CaO, and Fe,O,. A complete analysis by Dr. J. E. Whitfield yielded: Per cent. WGI 6 eee cane coopSscedecunuecUueHocescpoucseuoperedacesacs 6. 22 Metallic sulphide: 2-2. 6 oo. 6. nce orice see eer cee eee 9. 57 RIGRIeRS = a. ceo eae cee ate ieee Soke onesie mee eee 84. 21 Rt ois cote ce Bee asic tin oe seme cle ola ois we Seige ine ee 100. 00 The metallic portion yielded: T¥OM ooo So eee a one St foc aeo tne ere incase a nein eine ete eelale 90. 63 Nickels... < sodpdns obs pels ob wee ceeeees ope @cbe eases see o-ee 8. 85 Waal tases seo cncic cote sisie ola je oie o = apse ehhh ony eee - 38 Phosphorus. ... -,0)5> <<< 0 2e stern e eee qmnew oene ae oe se Sno a ein .14 Wotalic soc vets ot = Satis 8s Sees cee we ciew tee ae ele alate 100. 00 The silicate portion yielded: Silica(StOs)- sce cc cee se wees obs joe enone eee ere teeter eee 41. 45 Ferme oxide (We,0,):5 252 225.2229 n= ee ee ee oe ee ne eee 3. 46 Chromic oxide (Cr,O))-----<-22-- 2-222 5- 252 clita side lose lee oe .40 Altmina (ALO )- 22-2 2. - eesti aries So ec te ocie ce = cone eae = nee 3. 17 Ferrous oxide:(FeQ). . 2: - ..2sse sere 2 hse ge-6 pee tne aie 17.77 Manganous oxide (MnO).......-.-----------------2 eee ee ee eee sak Dime (O80) ac co - nesses eels Se anita ae eine sein oe alee 1. 68 Magnesia (MgQ).....----------- 2-2 eee eee ence eee eee cece eee e ee 28. 99 Nickel oxide (NiO)22.-0255... 25567202 et ahi e eee e ees areca a | Cobalt oxide (CoO)... -22!-- <2) 222-2) bacsin te -s nee tease Bee . 04 Soda (Nai) " Dail sly ve bgt ute ay ae : ri ey Pg) 7 , m ae fo Sais a a ‘ae fi is ’ Tae i i a inten ane it ae ae i x ut om ava ite a an ak. ala pa ie a: re ee we an i a ee . me ay: i Daren vies $e pst ohiek ae ea ee ie sh rao eae ae Pee Piteoieas aah) bile any ‘ne oe Dn ; a) is ia ah ee Se a os ai q ” ae vi * mu at a ea ; et fog nA a Y ie vi aa / i i au ny Bere: : Pasi si Ag te ast iat ; Be oe ay We nt Be ions ay, Lr o. i yal ae) ie an cs (es nr by ee vog oe aa me oT AV ae Ml “i Fig WA ah wd Bey hy ie Patel go saat bales ter: He ” eee PY mig a fs aa an : ae Rey iy Esa ma “aia ct Herr pene Sie ry mE ey ae. dt at. i ie ie oa th ir ha Ne aay, e a roe! ny iJ pi wy sf J if ny ) . Be - ald ‘ ae, Pa oe (RA Mi TD Pi ie Noy ae ae ia be tient ge an ag ee, ae of Pi fe ieee Be hie Pons { oa Oa i a j i Des. wie « ¥# LA 7) Ve i : ae r a J if 7 eur ey eu Lav i a i ue ne Hal "Y iy uh ste we ve ee hee ci 43 ‘ie as ae y tet i ae nt Vh ats as ae hy he i hes) A oo ; a ware) ae a jas ‘ae Pe ae a mi A Tx R an oly ee 1, me ee i rh pt See i yi jie i oy 1s 1a re " i A a am ee ty a pps Windies me tes ie an ae eo ‘hey an Rae ia 7 se 4. a wis vtiy * 7 / oe i Clee a Ye hie a 7 a: $a Gi eit a vay ae Mg ki Histig wy, y Leh Meee ao | ca ey Ae 7 ees hi ae WG my fot yi ie = ni ye : eS pie Pee it nee ‘the eee at are oes , iM “i iy ax os cd a pear ic cee : hy beau a ae wy i ee a ai) ee thi i an ike re caer eg \ a0 bE oH is x ote ik fs Haan a tiga p aa Bt a oh aA bias ih. aia ae 7 nis ch ieae aly ie 4 a a 7) Ue ae yy of | at o Ms : Beet, ; A ac yi. mised ay is an ey ant o a im poe san mul A io cA 7 ‘i, «. UR ; a beg ate i a + ie i SV: S) a otis besa vy teat athe Ny ast er see «ai ror if a I 4 Hi igh De og aie a oh pegs: ae ‘ ih is esp ik ie int oes an ial ong ie i" ah ‘oe i ab eG ite His da it ng si pe Aarik nen A a i i a if Py 7 (oni Ee pit Abia. i ci bela ae sa si el atiee / i Le One ee a f eh a me 5 ae : : a: i“ i et a Shy ‘ ae th i, if ws a ei j “ies th ids ae is ssid fi gs a i aa Pei i ita ii i iis ee ane si pied, ee ie dnp diy ba!) ‘al pills ries ae ? ay sia OE oa o fo tee (2 eat PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 36 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM A New PALEOcENE MAMMAL FROM NorTH DAKOTA. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 435. MAMMALS COLLECTED BY DR. W. L. ABBOTT ON THE CHAIN OF ISLANDS LYING OFF THE WESTERN COAST OF SUMATRA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWENTY-EIGHT NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. By Marcus Warp Lyov, JR., Of George Washington University, Washington, D. C. INTRODUCTION. Between the years 1901 and 1905 Dr. W. L. Abbott, in his zoologi- cal explorations of the Malay Archipelago, visited the chain of islands lying off the southern and western coast of Sumatra three times. On these expeditions he collected over 800 specimens of mammals, all of which were presented to the United States National Museum. No general paper covering the mammals of this group of islands as a whole, or covering Doctor Abbott’s collections as a whole from the islands that he explored has appeared. A few papers on the mammals of individual islands have been printed (Modigliani, 1889; Thomas, 1894a; Miller, 1903a, 1906; Andersen, 1906; Lyon, 1908), and the collections made by Doctor Abbott, have been studied in part by Miller (1903a, 19036, 1906a, 1906c, 1911, 1913); Andersen (1905, 1912), Elliot (1910) and Lyon (1913). Two of the most interesting primates discovered in recent years were found among them (Miller, 19030). About two years ago Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., suggested that I make a study of the mammals of this region. Since then I have been en- gaged in this investigation during my leisure time. It now seems desirable to publish descriptions of the 28 new forms that examina- tion of the collections has revealed. A list of the islands that Doctor Abbott has visited with the species that have been found on each is appended. The references given at the end are the more important ones that have appeared deating with the mammals that Doctor Abbott has col- lected, and with those of other collectors. They will serve as a guide to the place of publication of the forms listed under the islands. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. 52—No. 2188. 437 438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF MAMMALS. Order CHIROPTERA. Family PTEROPIDAE. CYNOPTERUS BABI, new species. 1903. Cynopterus titthaecheilus, M1tuER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, p. 474, February 3, 1903. Type-specimen.—No. 114269, U.S.N.M., skin and skull, collected on Pulo Babi, January 8, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott, original number 1411. Geographic distribution.—Pulo Babi, possibly it may also occur on Pulo Simalur and Pulo Lasia. Diagnostic characters—A medium-sized member of the genus (forearm 66 to 68 mm., condylobasal length of skull about 30), of very dark color, darker than Cynopterus scherzeri of the Nicobar Islands. Color.—Upperparts of head, neck, body, smail interfemoral area, and haired area of arm and forearm, between bone brown and natal brown, darker anteriorly on the head, and lighter posteriorly; at base hairs are deep mouse gray; underparts olive brown, except on throat, which is dark olive brown or an isabella color; the color of the throat extends up on sides of neck; membrane above and below, including the skin over the finger bones, blackish brown; ear blackish brown with margin as dark as rest of ear. Skull and teeth.—The skull closely resembles that of Cynopterus brachyotis of the Sumatran mainland, as well as that of C. scherzeri; it is slightly narrower and the post-orbital constriction is more marked (scherzeri, 6 mm., Tarussan Bay brachyotis, 6 to 7 mm., babi, 5 to 54 mm.). The teeth do not show any distinguishing characters. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 95 mm., expanse 460 (both collector’s measurements), forearm 67; thumb, 26; second digit, 46; third digit, 43 by 28 by 37; fourth digit, 41 by 21 by 24; fifth digit, 41 by 20 by 21; tibia, 26; foot, 16; skull, greatest length, 30; condylobasal length, 29.2; zygomatic width, 19; width of brain case, 13; width of palate including outsides of teeth, 9.3; width of palate at posterior free margin, 5.3; antorbital constric- tion, 6.2; postorbital constriction, 5.5; maxillary toothrow, 10.2; mandibular toothrow, canine to last molar, 11.5. Specimens examined.—Three, all from Pulo Babi; skin and skull of the type and two in alcohol. Remarks.—The dull color of the species is apparently very charac- teristic and is as noticeable in the wet alcoholics as in the skin. There ip . No. 2188. MAMMALS FROM ISLANDS OFF SUMATRA—LYON. 439 eee ene ele is no lightening of the skin covering the wing bones as so frequently happens in the case of Cynopterus. Belonging to a genus which shows comparatively little differentiation among its members, Cynoterus babi has no specially striking peculiarities to indicate its affinities. On account of its having the same general size and a uniformly dark color, it is apparently more closely related to C. scherzert than to the Sumatran (. brachyotis. It is unfortunate that there are no speci- mens of Cynopterus from Simalur and also from the Banjak Islands. Family MEGADERMIDAE. MEGADERMA LASIAE, new species. 1903. Megaderma spasma, MiLtER, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 26, p. 474, February 3, 1903. Type-specimen.—No. 114249, U.S.N.M., skin and skull, collected on Pulo Lasia, January 6, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott, original number 1401. Geographic distribution.—Lasia and Babi Islands. Diagnostic characters.—A large member of the genus characterized by the width of rostrum and the solidly built portion of the maxilla covering roots of canines. Color.—Type: Free ends of hairs of upper parts benzo brown or near that color, or between that and hair brown; base of hairs, mouse or light mouse gray; under parts, generally similar but some- what lighter. Ears and membrane blackish brown except tips of wings which are lighter. Skull and teeth.—The skull as a whole is slightly larger than that of Megaderma trifolium of Sumatra and Java, the rostrum being par- ticularly wide and heavy with roots of canines very heavy, best seen on viewing skull from above. The teeth as a whole are larger than they are in M. trifolium, particularly the large premolar and first molar. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 80 mm.; forearm, 59; tibia, 34; foot, 20; width of rostrum at apex, 64; condylobasal length, 24.5; brain case, 11.6; maxillary toothrow, 10. Specimens examined.—Four from Pulo Lasia, two from Babi. Remarks.—Megaderma lasiae is readily distinguishable from the Sumatran-Javan form, but appears to be closely related to M. natunae,' but is not so large. MEGADERMA SIUMATIS, new species. Type-specimen.—No. 114227 U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult female, collected on Pulo Siumat, December 27, 1901, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 1390. 1 Andersen and Wroughton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, p. 133, February, 1907. 440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. ea Na) yo hee WP 8 cap tg agnor Geographic distribution.—Siumat Island, and probably Simalur. Diagnostic characters —A medium-sized member of the genus somewhat intermediate between Megaderma trifolium and Mega- derma lasiae, particularly with respect to portion of maxilla covering root of canine. Color.—Type: Upper parts of body, free ends of hairs similar to benzo brown, basal portions deep quaker drab, under parts of same general style of coloration but lighter, the free ends of the hairs becoming mouse-gray; the hairs about the head and upper parts of neck incline to buffy brown, ears and membranes blackish brown except tips of wings lighter. Skull and teeth—The skull for the most part is essentially like that of Megaderma trifolium, but is slightly heavier, especially about the rostrum, the roots of the canines are distinctly larger and heavier, but not nearly so enlarged as they are in Megaderma lasiae. The entire skull is distinctly smaller than that of the latter species. Aside from the enlarged roots of the canines the teeth of Megaderma siuma- tis are plainly like those of M. trifolium, and much smaller than those of M. lasiae. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 75 mm.; forearm, 59; tibia, 32; foot, 19; width of rostrum at apex, 22.5; condylobasal length, 10.4; maxillary toothrow, 9.5. Specimens examined.—Three, all from Pulo Siumat. Remarks.—In view of the closeness of Siumat to the large island Simalur it is not unlikely that Megaderma siumatis occurs on both islands. It may be rather closely related to Sumatran examples of M. trifolium, of which there are no specimens in the United States National Museum, comparisons having been made with Javan and Peninsular examples. MEGADERMA NIASENSE, new species. Type-specimen.—No. 141305, U.S.N.M., adult male, preserved in alcohol, collected on Pulo Nias (Mojeia River), March 15, 1905, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 4066. Geographic distribution.—Nias Island. Diagnostic characters.—One of the smallest members of the genus, forearm 55 mm., greatest length of skull, 25.5; portions of maxillae covering roots of canines rather slender. Color.—(Specimen dried from alcohol.) Tips of hairs of upper- parts, hair brown to drab, bases of hairs deep quaker drab, hairs of underparts similar but in general lighter; membranes in general some- thing like warm sepia, except for distinctly lighter tips of wings; ears same general color as membranes but lighter. Skull and teeth.—The skull for the most part is essentially similar to that of Megaderma trifolium, but is slightly less heavy, with portion > No. 2188. MAMMALS FROM ISLANDS OFF SUMATRA—LYON. 441 of maxilla covering roots of canines less enlarged; zygoma more slen- der; audital bullae smaller; teeth are slightly smaller and toothrow shorter. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 65 mm.; forearm, 55; tibia, 32; foot, 17; width of rostrum at apex, 5.2; condylobasal length, 22.5; width of braincase, 10.3; maxillary toothrow, 9.2. Specimens examined.—One, the type. Remarks.— Megaderma niasense is apparently the smallest meraber of the genus. It is conspicuously smaller than the other species from the Barussan Islands, but the smallest individuals of Megaderma trifolium closely approximate it im size. Family VESPERTILIONIDAE. MYOTIS ABBOTTI, new species. Type-specimen.—Preserved in alcohol, skull removed, adult female, No. 121611, U.S.N.M., collected on North Pagi Island, January 3, 1903, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; origmal number 2191. Geographic distribution.—Only known on North Pagi Island, but probably occuring on South Pagi as well. Diagnostic characters —A member of the muricola group of Myotis, distinguished by its distinctly larger size. Oolor.—Fur of upperparts with general effect of mummy-brown, bases of hairs blackish-brown, and showing through to a moderate extent; fur of underparts, light buffy-brown, with the blackish-brown bases showing through to a considerable extent; membranes and ears varying between natal and bone-brown. Skull and teeth—Compared with the skull of Myotis muricola (Sumatran specimens) the skull of M. abbott: is distinctly larger throughout and more angular, especially about the rostrum; the brain- case is relatively more swollen than that of M/. muricola. The teeth of M. abbotti are like those of I. muricola, only larger. Measurements.—Type, and paratype No. 121610: Forearm, 38, 38 mm.; tibia with foot, 27, 26.5; tibia alone, 16.8, 17.2; ear from crown, 11.5, 11.5; condylobasal length of skull, 13.8, 13.5; interorbital constriction, 3.8, 3.8; width of brainease, 7.4, 7.4; maxillary toothrow, including canine, 5.5, 5.5. Remarks.— Myotis abbott: appears to be a well characterized form, distinguishable at a glance from M. muricola by its longer forearm, greater size of skull, and more swollen braincase. Its great differen- tiation is in agreement with that of many of the other mammals of the Pagi Islands. MYOTIS NIASENSIS, new species. Type-specimen.—Preserved in alcohol, skull removed. No. 121876, U.S.N.M., adult female, collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott at Siaba Bay, Nias Island, March 20, 1903; original number 2402. 449 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52, Geographic distribution.—Known only from Nias Island. Diagnostic characters—A small form of Myotis muricola. (Com- parison with Sumatran examples.) Color.—Fur of upperparts cinnamon-brown, the blackish-brown bases of the hairs showing through to a moderate extent; fur of under- part avellaneous, almost whitish under chin; dark bases of the hairs of underparts show through to a very considerable extent; mem- branes varying between natal and bone-brown; ears, tawny olive. The color of Myotis niasensis is distinctly lighter than that of either M. muricola or M. abbotti. Skull and teeth—Compared with the skull of M. muricola (Suma- tran specimens) that of M. niasensis is distinctly smaller, though it has the same general shape; it lacks the roundness of braincase seen in M. abbotti and the angularity of the rostrum. Measurements.—Type, paratype No. 121877 and an average speci- men, No. 141134 of Myotis muricola from Tarussan Bay, Sumatra: Forearm, 31.2, 31.5, 34.5; tibia, including foot, 19, 18.5, 22.5; tibia alone, 14, 13.5, 16.4; ear from crown, 10.2, 9.8, 11; condylobasal length of skull, 12.6, 12.4, 13.3; width of braincase, 6.3, 6.4, 6.6; interorbital constriction, 3.2, 3.2, 3.2; maxillary toothrow, including canine, 4.6, 4.8, 5.2. Remarks.— Myotis niasensis is a well-marked form of Myotis muri- cola but less highly differentiated than the Myotis from Pagi Islands. It is easily distinguished from the parent form by its smaller external cranial and dental measurements, and by its lighter color. Order CARNIVORA. Family VIVERRIDAE. PARADOXURUS HERMAPHRODITUS ENGANUS, new subspeciss. 1894. Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, THomas, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat., Genova, ser. 2, vol. 14, p. 105. 1906. Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Miturr, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, p. 820, June 4, 1906. Type-specimen.—No. 141026, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult female (maxillary teeth much worn), collected on Engano Island, November 11, 1904, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 3782. Geographic distribution.—Engano Island. Diagnostic characters.—A small form of the widely ranging Para- doxurus hermaphroditus, its size the same as that of P. hermaphro- ditus parvus, but distinguished by a less rounded brain case, somewhat smaller teeth, a longer (antero-posteriorly) upper canine, and prob- ably by brown or lighter colored hind feet. Color.—Aside from the feet the color of Paradorurus hermaphro- ditus enganus does not differ from that of P. h. parvus. The single . No. 2188. MAMMALS FROM ISLANDS OFF SUMATRA—LYON. 448 Saneeree: eerie nee ee eee specimen is of the brownish type of coloration. The brown color of the hind feet may be the result of wear as the brown hairs covering them look worn; the entire tail is brownish, but is obviously worn. Skull and teeth.—Aside from certain differences these are essen- tially as they are in Paradorurus hermaphroditus parvus, the distin- guishing features being the conspicuous narrowness and less inflation of the brain case, the heavier mandibular condyle, the general smaller size of the teeth, and the greater antero-posterior diameter of the upper canine. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 495mm., tail, 410; hindfoot, 77; condylobasal length, 97; zygomatic width, 53; width of brain case, 32; maxillary toothrow 35.6; width of brain case at level of coronal suture 25.4 mm., same measurement in an adult female of nearly equal age of Paradoxurus hermaphroditus parvus, 28.8. Specimens examined.—One, the type. ARCTICTIS NIASENSIS, new species. Type-specimen.—No. 141230, U.S.N.M., imperfect pelt, collected on Nias Island in 1905 by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 3970. “Plat skin bought of native who had killed it in the hills near Fadoro, said not to be common.”—W. L. A. Diagnostic characters.—Distinguished from a fairly large number of Malay bear-cats by having tips of certain of the hairs of upper parts and the under parts ochraceous tawny instead of buff to ochraceous buff. Color.—Upper parts of back of head, neck, body, and all of tail, brownish black, coarsely and rather sparsely grizzled with ochraceous tawny on the lower back, sides, outerside of legs, and proximal two- thirds of tail; under parts tawny ochraceous. Measurements.—Base of tail to ear, 580 mm.; tail, 540. Specimens examined.—One. Remarks.—The tawny coloration of the grizzling and of the under parts is not seen in a rather large series of Malay skins of Arctictis bin- iurong, and there seems little doubt as to the distinctness of the Nias animal. It is a great misfortune not to have a perfect specimen, but imperfect as it is, it does not match any of the others. Dr. Abbott says that from the natives’ descriptions of this animal it is undoubt- edly a distinct form. Order RODENTIA. Family SCIURIDAE. SCIURUS MANSALARIS BATUS, new subspecies. Type-specimen.—Skin and skull of adult male, No. 121732, U.S.N.M., collected on Tana Bala, Batu Islands, February 4, 1903, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 2217. 444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. Geographic distribution —Tana Bala and Tana Masa of the Batu Islands, and probably other islands of the same group. Diagnostic characters—A subspecies of Sciwrus mansalaris with relatively dark upper parts, resembling those of S.m. mansalaris, but under parts distinctly washed with buffy, slightly more than in the case of S. m. bancarus; light subterminal annulation of long hairs of tail narrower and more buffy, and less whitish than in the ease of the other two races. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 160 mm.; tail, 100; hind foot, 37; condylobasal length, estimated, 35; zygomatic width, estimated, 24; width of brain case, 18; maxillary tooth row, 7. Specimens examined.—Six skins and skulls from Tana Bala, and two from Tana Masa. Remarks.—This is a rather poorly characterized geographic race, somewhat intermediate in many respects between the typical form and Sciurus mansalaris bancarus Miller of Pulo Bankaru. The recog- nition of the others makes that of the Batu squirrel imperative, as it can not be perfectly associated with the Mansalar or Bankaru forms. RHINOSCIURUS INCULTUS, new species. 1903. Rhinosciurus laticaudatus, MituER, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 26, p. 458, February 3, 1903. Type-specimen.—No. 114414, U.S.N.M., skin and skull, adult female, collected on Pulo Tuanku, Banjak Island, February 5, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 1515. Geographic distribution.—Known only from Pulo Tuanku. Diagnostic characters.—Closely related to Rhinosciurus tupaioides 1 (Malay Peninsula, Singapore), R. peracer ? (Perak), R. leo? (Singa- pore), 2. robinsoni * (Tioman Island), 2. rhionis ? (Rhio Archipelago), R. laticaudatus * (Borneo) ; characterized by general duil, dark colora- tion; ochraceous buff fringe on tail, absence of shoulder stripe; dull buffy underparts, long, slender rostrum, moderate sized bullae, large teeth. Color.—Upper parts, head, neck, and body, and outerside of legs a mixture of blackish and ochraceous orange, the darker color much in excess, especially in middle of back, and the lighter color tending torward yellow ocher about the head and neck; underparts, including innerside of legs, dull whitish or buffy, sparsely admixed with a few brownish hairs; tail with about the same colors as the back, but the light and dark elements very coarsely mixed and in about equal pro- portions, the light color of the tail becoming ochraceous buff, which forms a fairly well-defined fringe around it. 1 Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 24, 1855, p. 477. 2 Thomas and Wroughton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 3, p. 440, May, 1909. 3 Thomas, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., vol. 2, p. 104, October 10, 1908. 4 Miller and Schlegel, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Neder]. Overz. Bezitt. Eekhorens, 1842, pp. 87, 100, pl. 15. * No. 2188. MAMMALS FROM ISLANDS OFF SUMATRA—LYON. 445 Skull and teeth.—Skull large and long, with long, slender rostrum, bullae of moderate size; not unusually small or large, maximum length 11 mm., teeth large and heavy, maxillary toothrow 12.5; Maximum width of toothrow, 3.2. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 230 mm.; tail, 130; hind foot, 45; condylobasal length, 53.8; zygomatic width, 28.3; width of braincase, 23; interorbital constriction, 13.4; maximum length of nasals, 22; maxillary toothrow, 12.5. Specimens examined.—One, the type. Remarks.—Rhinosciurus incultus is not a highly characterized form, and is here described as new largely because of inability to assign it to any of the numerous named forms of the original Sciurus laticau- datus. Material in the United States National Museum for making comparisons of this group is extremely meager, and the descriptions of some of the forms are lacking in detail. As nearly as can be made out from the descriptions the following are the characters of the other members of this group. Laticaudatus, Borneo, light colored animal, with moderately large skull, rostrum and bullae. Tupaioides, Singapore and Malay Peninsula, tail washed with white instead of buffy, belly white, flanks buffy. Robinsoni, Tioman Island, tail washed with buffy, bullae smaller than in laticaudatus, and much smaller than in tupazoides. Peracer, Perak, Malay Peninsula, tail washed with buffy, relatively small bullae, about as in laticaudatus. Leo, Singapore, and Malay Peninsula, like peracer, but brighter colored, and with very large bullae, distinguishing it from all the others. Leo rhionis, Karimon, Kundar, Batam, and Bintang Islands, like leo but with better shoulder stripes and more buffy underparts. RATUFA PALLIATA BATUANA, new subspecies. 1908. Ratufa palliata, Lyon, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 1, p. 137, Feb- ruary, 1908. Type-specimen.—Skin and skull of adult male, No. 121707, U.S. N.M., collected on Tana Bala of the Batu Islands, February 11, 1903, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 2263. Geographic distribution.—Known only from Tana Bala and Tana Masa of the Batu Islands. Diagnostic characters.—A form of R. palliata characterized by its smaller size and in the possession of palliata type of nasal and pre- maxillary, and not of the laenata type; that is, the posterior end of the nasals and of the nasal branches of the premaxillaries he on about the same straight line and the combined anterior median pro- jections of the maxillaries, not unusually narrow. 446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Color.—Type: In good pelage, top of head and neck and upper parts of sides of same, including ears, outer side of fore and hind legs and feet, blackish brown; back, shoulders to rump, brown, lightening to a buffy isabella color on sides; underparts including lower part of sides of head and neck and inner sides of forelegs, and a rather narrow portion of inner side of hind legs, cream color, sharply contrasted with the blackish of head, neck, and legs, and moderately contrasted with the isabella-colored sides; tail above, a coarse mixture of cream color and brownish, the lighter color much in excess except at base and tip; underside of tail similar, but the cream color more prominent at the edges and the dark brownish more conspicuous next to the median line, the median line being light ochraceous, slightly mixed with brownish. Skull.—Relatively small, posterior edge of nasals and nasal branches of premaxillaries on same line, and combined anterior median pro- jections of maxillaries, not unusually narrow. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 330 mm.; tail, 385; hind- foot, 80; condylobasal length of skull, 63; zygomatic width, 42; post- orbital constriction, 23; orbital constriction, 22; width of braincase, 29; maxillary toothrow, 13.5; mandibular toothrow, 14; weight, 3 pounds, equals 1.36 kilograms. Specimens examined.—F ive from Tana Masa and nine from Tana Bala Islands of the Batu group in United States National Museum, and three from Tana Masa in the British Museum. No ratufas of this group were collected on Pulo Pinie of these islands. Remarks.—Ratufa palliata batuana is not a well-marked form, it is essentially an intermediate between the typical form and R. p. laenata, having the skull form of one and the size of the other. Three specimens from Tana Masa Island were identified by me in 1908 ! as ‘“‘not quite typical of Ratufa palliata.” At that time attention was called to their smaller size. The subsequent careful examination of two additional specimens from Tana Masa and nine from Tana Bala leaves no doubt as to the advisability of recognizing the Batu palliata giant squirrel as a distinct geographic race. They were called by Wroughton in 1910? R. palliata laenata. Family MURIDAE. RATTUS SIMALURENSIS LASIAE, new subspecies. Type-specumen.—No. 114254, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult female, collected on Pulo Lasia, January 6, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 1400 Geographic distribution.—Pulo Lasia. 1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 1, p. 137, February, 1908. 2 Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 19, p. 895, February 28, 1910. . No. 2188. MAMMALS FROM ISLANDS OFF SUMATRA—LYON. 447 Diagnostic characters.—Distinguished from the typical subspecies and the next by having a short, wide, heavy rostrum, temporal ridges better developed and more angular, upper parts In many specimens, with a tendency to be dark and blackish. Color.—Essentially like that of Rattus simalurensis simalurensis (Miller) (1903a) aside from the tendency already mentioned to dark- ness on upper parts. Skull and teeth—The skull is distinguished by its heaviness and angularity, especially seen in the wide heavy rostrum, and the heavy angular temporal ridges. While these characters are those usually produced by age, yet they are not found in examples of Rattus simalurensis simalurensis of equal age. Young examples show a wider rostrum than is found in young examples of the Simalur and Siumat rat. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 231 mm.; tail, 225; hid foot, 42; condylobasal length, 47.8; zygomatic width, 24.4; brain case, 17.7; maxillary tooth row, 7.9. Specimens examined.—Thirteen from Pulo Lasia. RATTUS SIMALURENSIS BABI, new subspecies. Type-specimen.—No. 114280, U.S.N.M., skull, without skin, of adult male, collected on Pulo Babi, January 13, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Geographic distribution.—Pulo Babi. Diagnostic characters.—Similar to the rat of Pulo Lasia, but with a heavy elongated skull. Color.—Skins of the two specimens collected were not saved, the labels accompanying the skulls read: ‘‘Large gray rat similar to that of Pulo Lasia”’ for Cat. No. 114280, and for the other specimen Cat. No. 114281, collected a day later, ‘‘Large brown rat similar to that of Pulo Lasia.”’ Skull.—The skull is heavy but lacks the breadth and angularity of that of Rattus simalurensis lasiae, rostrum is moderately long and slender, temporal ridges are not angular, but are well defined and are inclined to appear somewhat parallel. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 255 mm.; condylobasal length, 50.2; zygomatic width, 23; width of brain case, 17.4; maxillary tooth row, 8.3. The tail of the type-specimen was imperfect; what there was of it measured 205 mm., tail of the other specimen, 217. Specimens examined.—Two skulls without skins. RATTUS BALMASUS, new species. Type-specimen.—No. 121765, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult female, collected on Tana Bala, Batu Islands, February 13, 1903, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 2286. 448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Geographic distribution.—Islands of Tana Bala and Tana Masa. Diagnostic characters—A member of the Rattus firmus group distinguished by somewhat small size, short tail, more yellowish type of coloration, and skull relatively slender, especially rostral portion. Color.—Upper parts and sides of head, neck, and body, and outside of legs a coarse grizzled mixture of blackish brown, and a color some- what like cinnamon-buff, both colors about equally mixed, the lighter color perhaps slightly m excess along the sides. Under parts, in- cluding inner sides of legs, dirty cream color, stained artificially along the throat with a rusty tinge, hairs not slaty at base. Skull and teeth.—The skull of Rattus balmasus averages somewhat * smaller than that of most of the other members of the firmus group; it is relatively narrow and has a relatively slender rostrum. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 222 mm.; tail, 201; hind- foot, 44; condylobasal length, 47; width of brain case, 18; maxillary tooth row, 9.5. Specimens examined.—Three from Tana Masa and 7 from Tana Bala. Remarks.—This species is very closely related to Rattus pinatus of Pulo Pinie; the difference between the two being scarcely more than subspecific. RATTUS PINATUS, new species. Type-specimen.—No. 121778, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult male, collected on Pulo Pinie, Batu Islands, March 4, 1903, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 2367. Geographic distribution.—Pulo Pinie. Diagnostic characters.—A member of the Rattus firmus group, dis- tinguished by somewhat small size, rather short tail, more yellowish type of coloration, and skull with a rather heavy rostrum. Oolor.—The color of this species is so exactly like that of Rattus balmasus from Tana Bala, and Tana Masa that no further remarks are needed. Skull and teeth—The skull of Rattus pinatus averages somewhat smaller than that of most of the other members of the R. firmus group and is marked by a wider, stouter rostrum. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 218; tail, 200; hind foot, 46; condylobasal length, 48.3; width of brain case, 18.5; maxillary tooth row, 9.6. Specimens examined.—Five, from Pulo Pinie. Remarks.—This species is very closely related to its relative of Masa and Bala Islands, both forms together constituting a group apart from the other members of the firmus group. ee * No. 2188. MAMMALS FROM ISLANDS OFF SUMATRA—LYON. 449 RATTUS LINGENSIS BANACUS, new subspecies. 1903. Mus lingensis MituER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, p. 463, February 3, 1903. Type-specimen.—No. 114294, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult male, collected on Pulo Bankaru, Banjak Islands, January 19, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 14384. Geographic distribution.—Pulo Bankaru, Banjak Islands. Diagnostic characters.—General coloration rather dull (ight mark- ings on hairs ochraceous buff to dull ochraceous orange; underparts dull whitish, apparently stained; collar nearly always present, dark and light colors of sides and underparts so mixed as to produce a coarse speckled effect. Measurements.—Size slightly smaller; head and body of adults, 190 to 205 mm.; tail, 160 to 175; hindfoot, 40 to 43; condylobasal length of skull, 41 to 43; width of braincase, 16.4 to 16.8; maxillary toothrow, 6.4 to 7.4. Specimens examined.—Thirteen from Pulo Bankaru. Remarks.—This rat is very similar to its relative on Tuanku but averages distinctly duller; from typical Rattus lingensis it is chiefly distinguished by the coarse speckled appearance of the upperparts and sides, and by its somewhat shorter tail. RATTUS LINGENSIS ANTUCUS, new subspecies. 1903. Mus lingensis, MutumR, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, p. 463, February 3, 1903. Type-specimen.—No. 114390, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult female, collected on Pulo Tuanku, Banjak Islands, January 28, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 1484. Geographic distribution.—Pulo Tuanku, Banjak Islands. Diagnostic characters.—General coloration moderately bright (ight markings on hairs ochraceous buff to ochraceous orange), collar nearly always lacking, underparts dull whitish, the coarse speckled effect of the Bankaru rat lacking. Measurements.—Size slightly smaller; head and body,175 to 205 mm.; tail, 135 to 160; hindfoot, 37 to 40; condylobasal length of skull, 38 to 43; width of braincase, 15.5 to 17; maxillary toothrow, 6.5 to 7.2. Specimens examined.—Eleven from Pulo Tuanku. Remarks.—This rat is distinguished from its relative on Bankaru by its somewhat brighter color, less conspicuous coarse speckling; from Rattus lingensis, by its more marked speckling and by its dis- tinctly shorter tail. RATTUS LINGENSIS MABALUS, new subspecies. Type-specimen.—No. 121825, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult female, collected on Tana Masa, Batu Islands, February 19, 1903, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 2310. 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——_29 450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. Geographic distribution —Tana Masa and Tana Bala, Batu Islands. Diagnostic characters.—General coloration bright, but less so than in case of the Pinie rat (light markings on hairs ochraceous orange), light and dark colors of upperparts and sides so arranged as to produce coarse speckling, but dark color somewhat in excess, making animal appear darker than in case of the Pinie form; collar may or may not be present; underparts white. Measurements.—Size moderate, head and body, 190 to 225 mm.; tail, 150 to 175; hindfoot 41 to 43; condylobasal length of skull, 40 to 44.5; width of braincase, 16.5 to 17.3; maxillary toothrow, 6.5 to 0.26 Specimens examined.—Five from Tana Masa and six from Tana Bala. Remarks.—It is apparently impossible to distinguish between the rajah rats from Pulos Tana Masa and Tana Bala. Of the four skins from Masa two have complete collars, while in the other two it is barely indicated; both of the Bala skins have well-defined collars rather brighter than in the case of the two Masa specimens. RATTUS LINGENSIS PINACUS, new subspecies. Type-specimen.—No. 121846, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult female, collected on Pulo Pinie, Batu Islands, March 2, 1903, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 2349. Geographic distribution.—Pulo Pinie, Batu Islands. Diagnostic characters—General coloration bright (light markings on hairs ochraceous orange to zine orange), light and dark colors of upperparts and sides so arranged as to produce coarse speckling, dark colors of upperparts less conspicuous and less blackish than in case of Masa and Bala specimens; underparts white, a collar present in only one out of four specimens at hand. Measurements.—Size moderate, tail rather short; head and body, 190 to 230 mm.; tail, 140 to 160; hindfoot, 42 to 43; condylobasal length of skull, 40 to 45; width of braincase, 16.5. to 17; maxillary toothrow, 7.2 to 7.5. Specimens examined.—Kight from Pinie Island. Remarks.—The rats of the rajah group found on the three islands, Pinie, Tana Masa, Tana Bala, of the Batu group, are closely related to each other, and practically constitute a form of Rattus lingensis by themselves, separable into two divisions, one on Pinie, and the other confined to the other two islands. RATTUS FREMENS MANSALARIS, new subspecies. 1903. Mus fremens, MER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, p. 463, February 3, 1903. Type-specimen.—No. 114583, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult male, collected on Pulo Mansalar, off west coast of Sumatra, March 4, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number, 1591. ae * No. 2188. MAMMALS FROM ISLANDS OFF SUMATRA—LYON. 451 Geographic distribution.—Mansalar Island. Diagnostic characters —A dull colored member of the Rattus vocif- erans group, with the general color avellaneous, replacing the cinna- mon-buff of Rattus vociferans tapanulius;* skull angular with thick, heavy rostrum, as compared with R. fremens fremens. Color, ete—Upperparts and sides of head, neck, and body, and outerside of legs a mixture of dull cinnamon-buff and blackish; the darker color predominating along the middle line of head and back, the two about equally mixed along the sides and outerside of legs producing the general effect of avellaneous. Underparts including innerside of legs, varying from whitish to cream color. Tail, dull brownish, somewhat lighter on underside at base. Hight scales to the centimeter at center, each scale subtended by three light colored hairs about one and one-half scales in length. Skull and teeth.— Skull, in comparison with Rattus vociferans tapanu- lius and fremens fremens, large, angular, heavy, particularly rostrum; temporal ridge beading well marked and angle of beading at fronto- parietal suture conspicuous. Teeth show no essential differences from related members of the group. Measurements—Type: Head and body, 250 mm.; tail, 299; hind- foot, 47; condylobasal length, 51.5; zygomatic width, 25.5; width of braincase, 20; maxillary toothrow, 10.5. Tail rather short for the group; about 300 mm. or slightly less. Specimens examined.—Seven from Mansalar Island. Remarks.—In spite of the close proximity of this form to Rattus vociferans tapanulius of the adjacent mainland it is very closely re- lated to Epimys fremens fremens Miller * of Sinkep Island, in its gen- eral characteristics. It is probably a case of parallel development. RATTUS FREMENS TUANCUS, new subspecies. 1903. Mus fremens MitteR, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, p. 463, February 3, 1903. Type-specimen.—No. 114402, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult male, collected on Pulo Tuanku, Banjak Islands, January 26, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number, 1470. Geographic distribution—Pulos Tuanku and Bankaru, Banjak Islands. Diagnostic characters.—A dull colored member of the Rattus vocif- erans group very similar to R. fremens mansalaris above, but skull slenderer, less angular, with longer, slenderer rostrum, and differing from PR. fremens fremens in its larger size of skull and relatively shorter tail. 1 Lyon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 29, p. 209, September 22, 1916. 2 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1902, p. 154, March, 1902. 452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Color, ete-—The color of Rattus fremens tuancus is essentially like that of R. fremens mansalaris; the number of scales on tail and ar- rangement of hairs are essentially the same in the two forms, but in each the tail is darker than it is in R. fremens fremens. Skull and teeth.—Skull is large, slender in appearance, the rostrum particularly so, and the angle on the temporal ridge less conspicuous than it is in Rattus fremens mansalaris. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 257 mm.; tail, 328; hind- foot, 47; condylobasal length, 53; zygomatic width, 26.5; width of brain-case, 19.5; maxillary toothrow, 10.5. Tail has about the same absolute length as that of Rattus fremens fremens, and is slightly longer than that of R. fremens mansalaris, being about 325 mm. in- stead of 300 mm. Remarks.—The two forms just described were recognized as con- stituting a heterogenous group by Mr. Miller (1903a) who said of them: ‘This series shows variation in both size and color.” Order PRIMATES. Family LASIOPYGIDAE. PITHECUS MANSALARIS, new species. 1903. Macacus ‘‘cynomolgus” Mutter, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, p. 476, February 3, 1903. Type-specimen.—No. 114560, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult male, collected on Mansalar Island, March 10, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 1639. Geographic distribution.—Mansalar Island. Diagnostic characters —A geographic form of Pithecus fascicularis, of the same general plan of coloration except that the upper part of head, neck, and body are of a general bright amber brown color and upperpart of tail is slightly darker. Skull and teeth—These show no distinguishing features. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 440 mm.; tail, 500; hind- foot, 125; condylobasal length, 88.5; braincase width, 55; postorbital constriction, 39.5; maxillary toothrow, 34.2; weight, 11? pounds (5.1 kilos). Specimens examined.—Three from Mansalar Island, two skins with skulls and one skull without skin. One of the skins is without tail; vhait-shob of.” ; W.. L.A. Remarks.—The bright coloration of Pithecus mansalaris is quite striking when compared with the specimens from Tapanuli Bay, only a few miles distant. *. NO. 2188. MAMMALS FROM ISLANDS OFF SUMATRA—LYON. 453 PITHECUS FUSCUS LASIAE, new subspecies. 1903. Macacus fuscus MitLER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, p. 476, February 3, 1903. Type-locality: Simalur. Type-specimen.—No. 114248, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult male, collected on Pulo Lasia, January 5, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number, 1398. Geographic distribution.—Pulo Lasia. Diagnostic characters.—Essentially like the typical Pithecus fuscus, except that black of back of neck and upper part of back is slightly more conspicuous; tail decidedly longer than head and body and more than 500 mm. in length. Skull and teeth.—These show no characters to distinguish the Lasia race from that inhabiting the larger island. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 470 mm.; tail, 555; hind- foot, 135; condylobasal length, 96; width of braincase, 58; postorbital constriction, 39; maxillary toothrow, 40; weight, 14 pounds (6.3 kilos). Specimens examined.—The type and an immature male. Remarks.—Pithecus fuscus lasiae is a slightly modified form of P. fuscus. The material on which it is based is not entirely satisfactory as to numbers, but the long tails of the two specimens are not equalled by any of the eleven from Pulo Simalur. This peculiarity of the Lasia specimens was pointed out by Miller in 1903. Order ARTIODACTYLA. Family SUIDAE. SUS BABI TUANCUS, new subspecies. 1503. Sus vittatus, Miter, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, p. 446, February 3, 1903. 1906. Sus babi MituER, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, p. 752, June 13, 1906. Type-specimen.—No. 114415, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult female, collected on Tuanku Island, January 9, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 1412. Geographic distribution.—Pulo Tuanku, Banjak Islands. Diagnostic characters.—Distinguished by its short nasals, 127 mm., short premaxillary bones, 93 mm. (less than 100) and long nutrient artery groove in frontal bone, 35 to 40 mm.; color of type, dark— that is, blackish—but with a fair amount of buffy grizzling, especially along sides, neck, and rump; a second specimen is conspicuously grizzled throughout. Measurements.—Type: condylobasal length, 268 mm.; tip of nasals to lambdoid notch, 283; greatest length of nasals, 127; width of nasals at base, 31; greatest length of premaxillary, 93; external nutrient groove or frontal bone (chord) 40; upper premolar-molar series, 101; second upper molar, 18 by 17; third upper molar 28 by 19. 454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52, Specimens examined.—Two, skins and skulls from Tuanku Island. Remarks.—Geographically this pig ought to be closely related to Sus vittatus, but its general appearance and rather wide rostrum show its affinities with Sus babi. All the pigs of this group are rather closely related, but the forms from Babi, Tuanku, and Engano seem to form a group in contradistinction to the others. SUS BABI ENGANUS, new subspecies. 1906 ? Sus babi MitteR, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, pp. 752, June 13, 1906, and 820, June 4, 1906. Type-specimen.—No. 140959, U.S.N.M., skull of very old female, collected on Engano Island November 30, 1904, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 3814. Geographic distribution.—Engano Island. Diagnostic characters.—Intermediate in characters between Sus babi babi and S. babi tuancus; nasals long, 140 mm.; and premaxil- lary long, 115 mm., as in the Babi form; nutrient artery groove on frontal long, 39 mm., as in the Tuanku pig; color of type unknown; of a young male, almost entirely blackish. Measurements.—Type: Condylobasal length, 267 mm.; tip of nasals to lambdoid notch, 293; greatest length of nasals 140; width of nasals at base, 33; greatest length of premaxilla, 115; external nutrient groove on frontal bone (chord), 39; premolar-molar series, 99; second upper molar, 16 by 16; third upper molar, 29 by 19. Specimens excamined.—Skull of an old female, and skin and skull of a young male from Engano Island. Remarks.—The status of this pig is very unsatisfactory. In 1906, Mr. Miller was not satisfied to call it Sus babi without a query. It is unlike any other pig on the Barussan Islands or west coast of Sumatra. It seems to be closer to Sus babi babi than to S. b. tuancus. What- ever the origin of the Engano pig, it is clearly not the same as the other Barussan pigs and it seems more satisfactory to describe it as a new form than to try to place it with some other. In his field notes Doctor Abbott writes of the Engano pig: ‘‘ Pigs are very common in Engano; they are never kept tame. They are said to be descended from some pigs which swam ashore from stranded ship. This was only 25 (2?) years ago. Previously the natives said none existed.” I do not wish to discredit the natives’ story of the Engano pigs, but there is no zoologic and geographic reason why pigs should not occur as native animals on Engano as well as on the Nicobars, Sima- lur, and Babi. It is not unlikely that the pigs reached all these outlying islands by human agency. It would seem incredible that they should be the only large animal on so many small islands unless brought by man. Doctor Abbott thinks the natives may have had the stranded-ship story handed down from generation to generation and that the years refer to the observation of the first generation. ~ se sl ei Raimi aE it eee * wo. 2188. MAMMALS FROM ISLANDS OFF SUMATRA—LYON. 455 Family TRAGULIDAE. TRAGULUS NAPU NIASIS, new subspecies. Type-specimen.—No. 141171, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult male (molar teeth much worn) collected at Kwala Mojeia, Nias Island, March 4, 1905, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 3979. Geographic distribution.—Nias Island. Diagnostic characters.—A form of Tragulus napu distinguished by its slightly smaller size, lighter weight, and distinctly shorter hind foot. Color.—The color of Tragulus napu niasis shows no differences from that of 7. napu napu of Sumatra. Skull and teeth.—These show no essential differences from those of the typical subspecies; they perhaps average slightly smaller. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 515 mm.; tail, 75; hind foot 137; condylobasal length, 101; zygomatic width, 51; width of brain case, 34; premolar-molar series, 35; weight 7} pounds (3.3 kilos). The greatest weight of Tragulus napu masis is 8 pounds (3.6 kilos) as constrasted with 94 pounds (4.2 kilos) of T. napu napu. The hind foot of adults varies from 135 to 142 mm. in the Nias form, while in the Sumatran animal it ranges from 145 to 152 mm. Specimens examined.—EKight, all from Nias. Remarks.—No specimens of Tragulus were collected in Nias by Modigliani, and none were taken by Doctor Abbott on his first visit to the island in 1903. In his notes on the second voyage to Nias in 1905 with reference to Tragulus Doctor Abbott says: ‘The napu were mostly caught by a native living at Batuto near the Kwala Mojeia. They were all caught by driving into the water (creeks) with dogs. The one from Samasama (No. 141170) was caught in a Japun.’ No kanchil exists.” TRAGULUS PINIUS, new species. 1903. Tragulus russulus Miter, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 45, p. 3, November 6, 1903. (Specimens from Pinie.) Type-specimen.—No. 121837, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of subadult male (molar teeth slightly worn, last deciduous premolar in place), collected on Pulo Pinie, March 3, 1903, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 2362. Geographic distribution.—Pulo Pinie. Diagnostic characters.—A fairly large member of the kanchil group distinguished among the Barussan kanchils by a general buff-yellow or antimony coloration, with only a moderate admixture of blackish brown. Color.—Upperparts and sides of head, neck, and body, a coarse mixture of buff-yellow or antimony to almost dull ochraceous orange 456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 52. and blackish or brownish black; along middle line of back the two colors about equally mixed, for a short narrow space on top of neck the blackish color exists almost alone and gradually blends in with the back posteriorly, laterally it is sharply separated from the nearly pure ochraceous orange of sides of neck; on sides of body the light buffy colors predominate; outside of legs rather darker than. dull ochraceous orange. Underparts and narrow stripe on innerside of legs white, belly being suffused along middle line with ochraceous buff; collar ochraceous buff, and V similar but slightly admixed with brownish. Skull and teeth.—These show no special peculiarities. Measurements.—Type: Head and body 460 mm.; tail, 70; hind- foot, 125; condylobasal length, 90.7; zygomatic width, 42.5; width of braincase, 31.5; premolar-molar series, 36.3; weight, 44 pounds (2 kilos.) Specimens examined.—Two, from Pinie. Remarks.—Tragulus pinius appears to be a well marked species. Its peculiarities were pointed out by Mr. Miller in 1903. Both of the specimens were labeled by him “7. russulus?”. In color it is like T. brevipes, but is larger, with less of a nape stripe. It appears to be a much lightened form of 7. russulus, but intergrading speci- mens are lacking. TRAGULUS RUSSULUS MASAE, new subspecies. Type-specumen.—No. 121813, U.S.N.M., skin and skull of adult female, molar teeth moderately worn, collected on Tana Masa Island, February 18, 1903, by Dr. W. L. Abbott; original number 2306. Geographic distribution.—Tana Masa Island. Diagnostic characters.—A very brightly colored race of Tragulus russulus with almost a lack of nape stripe, somewhat heavier, 64 pounds (2.8 kilos); slightly longer toothrow. Color.—Upperparts, sides of head, neck and body, and outside of legs in general, xanthine orange, slightly admixed with blackish on upperparts, blackish element being concentrated to produce a slight nape patch. Underparts in general and stripe on innerside of legs, white with some light xanthine orange suffusions on belly; collar and throat V, xanthine orange, slightly lined with blackish. Skull and teeth.—Aside from a longer toothrow these show no pecu- liarities. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 500 mm.; tail, 75; hind- foot, 122; condylobasal length, 92.8; zygomatic width, 45; width of braincase, 32.5; premolar-molar series, 36.2; weight, 6} pounds (2.8 kilos). The single specimen from Tana Masa is larger and heavier than any from Tana Bala. Specimens examined.—One, the type. > no. 2188. MAMMALS FROM ISLANDS OFF SUMATRA—LYON. 457 Remarks.—Tragulus russulus masae is a slightly differentiated form and shows an extreme development in color of kanchils found on Tana Bala, as represented by the type of typical 7’. russulus. None of the six specimens from Tana Bala are so lacking in a nape patch as is T’. r. masae. LIST OF ISLANDS VISITED BY DOCTOR ABBOTT, 1901 TO 1905, AND SPECIES OF MAMMALS COLLECTED ON EACH. SIMALUR ISLAND. November 18 to December 19, 1901, October 23 to 28, 1902. Paradoxurus hermaphroditus parvus Miller (1913). Rattus simalurensis stmalurensis Miller (1903a). Rattus concolor surdus Miller (1903a). Pithecus fuscus fuscus Miller (1903a). Sus mimus Miller (1906c). SIUMAT ISLAND, EAST OF SIMALUR. December 27, 1901, to January 1, 1902. Megaderma siumatis Lyon (1916). PULO LASIA, SOUTH OF SIMALUR. January 4 to 7, 1902. Megaderma lasiae Lyon (1916). Rattus simalurensis lasiae Lyon (1916). Pithecus fuscus lasiae Lyon (1916). PULO BABI, SOUTH OF SIMALUR. January 8, 9, and 14, 1902. Cynopterus babi Lyon (1916). Emballonura monticola Temminck. Megaderma lasiae Lyon (1916). Rattus simalurensis babi Lyon (1916). Sus babi babi Miller (1906c). PULO BANKARU, BANJAK GROUP. January 16 to 21, 1902. Sciurus mansalaris bancarus Miller (19032). Sciurus pretiosus Miller (1903a). Rattus valens (Miller) (1913). Rattus lingensis banacus Lyon (1916). Tragulus brevipes Miller (19032). PULO TUANKU, BANJAK GROUP. January 23 to February 6, 1902. Tana tana tuancus Lyon (1913). Galeopterus tuancus (Miller) (1908). Sciurus ubericolor Miller (1903a). 458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52, we Rhinosciurus incultus Lyon (1916). Ratufa palliata laenata Miller (1903a). Ratufa femoralis Miller (1903a). Rattus potens (Miller) (1913). Rattus batus (Miller) (1911). Rattus lingensis antucus Lyon (1916). Rattus fremens tuanacus Lyon (1916). Pithecus agnatus Elliot (1910). Sus babi twancus Tryon (1916). Tragulus russeus Miller (1903a). MANSALAR ISLAND. March 2 to 14, 1902. Sciurus mansalaris mansalaris Miller (1903a). Sciurus saturatus Miller (1903a). Ratufa nigrescens Miller (1903a). Rattus domitor (Miller) (1903a). Rattus catellifer (Miller) (1903a). Rattus fremens mansalaris Lyon (1916). Pithecus mansalaris Lyon (1916). Tragulus amoenus Miller (1903a). Tragulus jugularis Miller (1903a). NIAS ISLAND. March 16-30, 1903; February to March 11, 1905. Cynopterus major Miller (19062). Cynopterus princeps Miller (1906a). Cynopterus minutus Miller (1906a). Pteropus niadicus Miller (1906a). Macroglossus minimus minimus (E. Geoffroy) (Andersen, 1912). Emballonura monticola Temminck. Megaderma niasense Lyon (1916). Rhinolophus trifoliatus niasensis Andersen (1906). Rhinolophus circe Andersen (1906). Hipposideros larvatus. Hipposideros sp. Hipposideros sp. Myotis niasensis Lyon (1916). Arctictis niasensis Lyon (1916). Rattus maerens (Miller) (1911). Rattus concolor concolor (Blyth). Rattus batus (Miller) (1911). Rattus barussanus (Miller) (1911). Chiropodomys niadis Miller (19036). Manis javanica Desmarest. Pithecus phaeura (Miller) (19036). Sus niadensis Miller (1906c). Tragulus napu niasis Lyon (1916). Cervulus moschatus (Blaineville). Rusa equina (Cuvier). tS ei” ee ell ace i ee ets lee 4 oe + No. 2188. MAMMALS FROM ISLANDS OFF SUMATRA—LYON. 459 TANA BALA, BATU ISLANDS. February 2 to 14, 1903. Tupaia tephrura Miller (19036). Tana cervicalis cervicalis (Miller) (19030). Galeopterus saturatus (Miller) (19036). Hipposideros sp. Sciurus balae Miller (19036). Sciurus mansalaris batus Lyon (1916). Sciurus ictericus Miller (19030). Lariscus rostratus Miller (19036). Ratufa palliata batuana Lyon (1916). Ratufa balae balae Miller (19036). Petaurista batuana batuana Miller (19030). Rattus balmasus Lyon (1916). Rattus batus (Miller) (1911). Rattus lingensis mabalus Lyon (1916). Rattus masae balae (Miller) (19030). Pithecus fascicularis (Raffles). Pygathrix batuana (Miller) (19036). Tragulus batuanus Miller (19036). Tragulus russulus russulus Miller (19036). TANA MASA, BATU ISLANDS. February 17 to 23, 1903. Tana cervicalis masae Lyon (1913). Emballonura monticola Temminck. Sciurus mansalaris batus Lyon (1916). Sciurus ictericus Miller (19030). Ratufa palliata batuana Lyon (1916). Ratufa balae masae Miller (19036). Petaurista batuana batuana Miller (19036). Rattus balmasus Lyon (1916) Rattus batus (Miller) (1911). Rattus lingensis mabalus Lyon (1916). Rattus masae masae (Miller) (19036). Pithecus fasicularis (Raffles). Pygathrix batuana (Miller) (19030). Tragulus batuanus Miller (19035). Tragulus russulus masae Lyon (1916). PULO PINIE, BATU ISLANDS. February 28 to March 8, 1903. Ptilocercus lowti continentis Thomas (Lyon, 1913). Cynopterus brachyotis (Miller) (Andersen, 1912). Sciurus piniensis Miller (1903). Sciurus ictericus Miller (19030). Ratufa balae piniensis Miller (19036). Petaurista batuana batuana Miller (19030). Rattus pinatus Lyon (1916). Rattus batus (Miller) (1911). Rattus lingensis pinacus Lyon (1916). Pygathriz batuana (Miller) (19036). Tragulus pinius Lyon (1916). Galeopterus satwratus (Miller) (19036). 460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. SIBERUT ISLAND. January 22, 1903. Emballonura monticola Temminck. NORTH AND SOUTH PAGTI ISLANDS. November 11, 1902, to January 14, 1903. Tupaia chrysogaster Miller (19030). Cynopterus brachyotis (Miller) (Andersen, 1912). Pteropus vampyrus malaccensis Andersen (1912). Myotis abboitt Lyon (1916). Paradoxurus lignicolor Miller (19030). Hemigalus minor Miller (19030). Sciurus pumilus Miller (19030). Sciurus atratus Miller (1903b). Lariscus obscurus Miller (19036). Sciuropterus maerens Miller (19036). Rattus lugens Miller (19036). Rattus neglectus, subspecies. Rattus pagensis (Miller) (1903b). Rattus soccatus (Miller) (19036). Manis javanica Desmarest. Pithecus pagensis (Miller) (19035). Pygathrix potenziani (Bonaparte) (Thomas, 1894). Simias concolor Miller (1903b). Symphalangus klossi Miller (19036). Rusa equina (Cuvier). ENGANO ISLAND. November and December, 1904. Pteropus modighani Thomas (1894a). Pteropus hypomelanus enganus Miller (19066). Rhinolophus calypso Andersen (1905). ITipposideros, species. Pipistrellus macrotis Temminck.! Kerivoula engana Miller (19065). Paradoxurus hermaphroditus enganus Lyon (1916). Rattus enganus Miller (1906b). Sus babi enganus Lyon, 1916). 1 Mr. Oldfield Thomas (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 15, p. 229, February, 1915) has lately suggested that Pipistrellus curtatus is perhpas identical with P. tralatitius. This is not the case, however. In the United States National Museum there are examples of P. tralatitius from Java, P. imbricatus from Java, P. kitcheneri from Borneo, as well as the unique type of P. curtatus. The three latterspecies seem tocon- stitute a group by themselves, apart from P. éralatitius, distinguished by their broad short rostrums. P. curtaius is the smallest of the three. It is proportionally smaller than P. imbricatus, than P. imbricatus is smaller than P.kitcheneri. Owing to its shortened rostrum it is even smaller than P. tralatitius. Pipis- trellus curtatus, however, does not appear to be distinguished from a series of Pipistrellus from Tarussan Bay, Sumatra, and for the Sumatran bat Thomas seems to have correctly shown that Temminck’s name Vespertilio macrotis is available (Monographies de Mammalogie, vol. 2, p. 218, 1835-1841). * No. 2188. MAMMALS FROM ISLANDS OFF SUMATRA—LYON. 461 REFERENCES. 1905. ANDERSEN, KNup. On some bats of the genus Rhinolophus, with remarks on their mutual affinities, and descriptions of 26 new forms. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1905, vol. 2, pp. 75-145, October 17, 1905. 1906. —————_-. On some bats of the genus Rhinolophus, collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott, in the islands of Nias and Engano. z Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 29, pp. 657-659, March 7, 1906. L912. : Catalogue of the Chiroplera in the collection of the British Museum, ed. 2, vol. 1, 1912. 1910. Extrot, D. G. Description of some new species of monkeys of the genera Pithecus, and Pygathrix, collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott, and presented to the United States National Museum. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, pp. 343-352, August 6, 1910. 1908. Lyon, Marcus Warp, JR, On a collection of mammals from the Batu Islands, west of Sumatra. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 1, pp. 137-140, February, 1908. 1913. : Treeshrews: An account of the mammalian family Tupaiidae. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 45, pp. 1-188, November 29, 1913. 1916. : Mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the chain of islands lying off the western coast of Sumatra, with descriptions of 28 new species and subspecies. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 52, pp. 437-462, December 30, 1916. The present paper. 19038a. MittER, GERRIT S. JR. Mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the coast and islands of northwest Sumatra. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, pp. 437-484, February 3, 1903. 1903D. : Seventy new Malayan mammals. Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 45, No. 1420, pp. 1-73, November 6, 1903. 1906¢. : Seven new Malayan bats. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 19, pp. 61-66, May 1, 1906. 1906b. : The mammals of Engano Island, west Sumatra. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, pp. 819-825, June 4, 1906. 1906e. : Notes on Malayan pigs. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, pp. 737-758, June 13, 1906. 1911. ‘ Descriptions of six new mammals from the Malay Archipelago. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 24, pp. 25-28, February 24, 1911. 1913. : Fifty-one new Malayan mammals. Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 61, No. 21, pp. 1-80, December 29, 1913. 462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. 1889. Mopieiant, E. Appunti intorno ai mammiferi dell’ isola Nias, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat., ser. 2, vol. 7, pp. 238-245, 1889. 1894a. THomas, OLDFIELD. On some mammals from Engano Island, west of Sumatra. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat., ser. 2, vol. 14, pp. 105-110, 1894. 18946. : On some mammals collected by Dr. E. Modigliani in Sipora, Mentawei Islands. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 2, vol. 14, pp. 660-672, 1894. NEW SPECIES OF FOSSIL BEETLES FROM FLORISSANT, COLORADO. By H. F. WickHam, Professor of Entomology in the State University of Iowa, Iowa City. A recent sending of fossil Coleoptera from Florissant contains several species not hitherto described, and in pursuance of the plan of studying all available forms from these beds, I am submitting descriptions and figures herewith. With the exception of one speci- men, Brachyspathus curiosus, belonging to the University of Colorado, all the types are the property of the United States National Museum. One of them, Spondylis tertiarius, represents a family not before recognized in the Florissant shales. Some of the others are of con- siderable interest and importance, as will be seen by a perusal of the list. CARABIDAE. SPONDYLIDAE. Platynus insculptipennis, new species. Spondylis tertiarius, new species. Bee mer em! caaanvorsn, Harpalus redivivus, new species. Callidium grandaevum, new species. COCCINELLIDAE. BRUCHIDAE. Anatis resurgens, new species. Bruchus antaeus, new species. BUPRESTIDAE. OTIORHYNCHIDAE, Brachyspathus curiosus, new species. Pandeleteinus nudus, new species. LAMPYRIDAE. CURCULIONIDAE, Podabrus cupesoides, new species. Tychius ferox, new species. MALACHTIIDAE. Baris primalis, new species. Malachius immurus, new name. PTINIDAE. Vrilletta monstrosa, new species. Genus PLATYNUS Bonelli. PLATYNUS INSCULPTIPENNIS, new species. Plate 37, fig. 1. Form fairly stout. for this genus. Head, as preserved, about as long as the prothorax, showing no sculpture other than a minute MPAs) 5 Sheik ig 2 Pe fee ee PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 52—No. 2189. 463 464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. roughening, which is brought out only under high magnifying power. Eyes small. Antennae slender, distal segments lost, second joint much shorter than the third. Prothorax approximately one-third broader than long, sides regularly arcuate or nearly so, angles not long nor prominent, surface practically smooth, like the head. Elytra about 33 times as as long as the prothoracic median line, appar- ently very finely and faintly striate, but of this I can not be sure. Legs of moderate size, showing no details of any importance. Length, from front of head to abdominal apex, 10.25 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 63441, U.S.N.M. The single specimen, with counterpart, looks like Platynus, but the almost complete lack of sculpture is suspicious. However, this may be due partly to the state of preservation, which is only fair. It is not at all like P. tartareus from these shales. Genus CRATACANTHUS Dejean. CRATACANTHUS FLORISSANTENSIS, new species. Plate 37, fig. 2. Form rather stout, as in the recent C. dubius. Head large, as in that species, with prominent jaws. Antennae not well preserved, but showing that they reached to, or somewhat beyond, the protho- racic hind angles. Prothorax narrowed behind, broader in front of the middle, sides arcuately narrowing again to the front angles which are a little prominent but hardly acute. Elytra displaying no sculpture aside from feeble traces of striae showing through. Legs rather short and stout. Length, from apex of mandibles to that of abdomen, 9 mm.; of elytron, 5 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 63442, U.S.N.M. Described from one specimen, showing the under side. The resem- blance to our modern North American C. dubiwus is quite marked, but apparently the fossil has a somwhat shorter prothorax and longer antennae. It is not like any of Scudder’s described fossil Carabidae, the large head being definitive. Genus HARPALUS Lateeille. HARPALUS ULOMAEFORMIS, new species. Plate 37, fig. 3. Form quite elongate, parallel sided. Head of moderate size, man- dibles not abnormally developed. Antennae not preserved, except a small part of the base of one which is too poor for description. Pro- thorax much narrower anteriorly, arcuate in regular curve from the base which is the widest part. Elytra showing faint signs of punctured striae which have set through so as to appear on the under- side. Abdomen with practically straight sides to near the apex. * no. 2189. NEW FOSSIL BEETLES FROM FLORISSANT—WICKHAM. 465 Legs in poor preservation, rather short. Length, from apex of man- dibles to abdominal tip, 10.25 mm.; of elytron, 6 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 634438, U.S.N.M. Described from one specimen. Evidently this insect is not iden- tical with any of those described by Scudder and it differs in protho- racic outline from any of the Florissant fossil Carabidae with which it might be compared. At first sight, it looks like a Tenebrionid of the Uloma type, but the prothoracic hypomera are those of a Carabid. The aspect, in this family, is decidedly harpaloid, whence the generic reference which is to be given a broad interpretation. HARPALUS REDIVIVUS, new species. Plate 39, fig. 1. Form stout, similar to that of the recent H. oblitus. Head short and broad, rugose laterally beneath, the jaws not prominent. Anten- nae obscure. Prothorax distorted but evidently rather short, punc- tured beneath at sides, prosternum nearly smooth. One elytron is extended from the body and twisted so as to expose the upper sur- face; this shows the striae to have been moderately deep with dis- tinct transverse punctures closely placed, the interstitial spaces con- vex, almost smooth. The other, overlapped by the abdomen, exhibits only the general courses of thestriae. Legs of moderatesize. Length of elytron, 10.85 mm.; of head and prothorax, 5 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 63444, U.S.N.M. The single specimen indicates a species approached in the Floris- sant fossil fauna only by Harpalus maceratus which is larger and has a strongly projecting muzzle. It cannot possibly be confused with any of Scudder’s Carabidae. Genus ANATIS Mulsant. ANATIS RESURGENS, new species. Plate 38, fig. 1. Preserved in ventral view. Antennae wanting. Form subor- bicular but with the edges, as preserved, interrupted at the junction of the prothorax and elytra. Head moderately large. Prothorax subcrescentic in outline, the side margins not in good condition, the base regularly arcuate, apex deeply emarginate, with a rounded lobe at middle. Elytra, taken conjointly, of nearly circular outline appar- ently with a wide side margin. On this margin are shown one or two indistinct marks which appear to represent the similar creases in cor- responding position on the underside of the elytra in the recent North American Anatis 15-punctata. Length, 8 mm.; width, across elytra, 5.75 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 63445, U.S.N.M. 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——30 466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. Described from one specimen. Compared with other fossil Floris- sant Coccinellidae, this is the largest, but is closely approached in size by Coccinella sodoma. The prothorax is of different outline in the two and I think they are distinct. The reference to Anatis is, of course, provisional and is based more upon size than anything else. BRACHYSPATHUS, new genus. This name is proposed for a fossil Buprestid which does not seem to fall into any of the modern genera known to me. The body is elongate, more or less elateriform, not at all cuneate, antennae short, only slightly serrate. The most essential character is the form of the prosternal tip, which is expanded into a long, stalked lobe, shaped something like a spatula, and emarginate at apex. The type is Brachyspathus curiosus, described below. BRACHYSPATHUS CURIOSUS, new species. Plate 38, figs. 2, 3. Preserved in ventral view. Form elongate, subparallel. Head rather small, frontal region strongly punctured, the punctures as close together as possible without becoming confluent. The sculpture evidently shows through, since farther back, where the integument is thicker, none is distinguishable. Antennae not well preserved, but what remains of one of them indicates that the basal joint is large, the second and third much smaller, subequal, together about one-third longer than the fourth, which is nearly of the same size as the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth, none of them strongly serrate. Pro- thorax with rather feebly arcuate sides, base not much narrowed, surface strongly, moderately coarsely and very closely but not con- fluently punctured, less deeply on the flanks, each puncture rounded and with a little mark as of a scale or hair at the bottom. Pro_ sternal sutures nearly straight, not deeply excavated, lobe of anterior margin short, subtruncate, posterior tip of prosternum spatulate, notched apically and margined all around, strongly punctured like the body of the sternum. Meso and metasternal areas punctured similarly to the prosternum but somewhat more finely, becoming much more so in front of the hind coxal plates, which are also strongly punctate, broad over the insertion of the thighs, narrowing quite suddenly externally, and obscurely toothed on the hind margin. Abdomen much more finely punctured than the prothorax, sparsely at middle, moderately closely externally, scantily hairy. Legs rather short. Coxae all punctate, femora less strongly, tibiae still more finely. The elytra are evidently quite deeply striate, the grooves showing through. Length, total, 13.50 mm. . no. 2189. NEW FOSSIL BEETLES FROM FLORISSANT—WICKHAM. 467 Type.—In the Museum of the University of Colorado, collected at Florissant, in 1906, by Prof. Cockerell’s party and bearmg his num- ber 184. It came from Station 14, a most productive locality. Described from one specimen. The most striking superficial char- acter of the insect is its rough punctuation, which extends even to the antennal joints. The peculiar structural feature is the spatulate emarginate prosternal process, which has been hard to match on any Coleoptera known to me. An approach to it is seen in the Javanese Belionota scutellaris, where the process is very similarly broadened apically, but, instead of being simply emarginate, the tip in that species is divided into three teeth or lobes. In other respects the fossil is not at all close to the species cited, being far less specialized in antennal, coxal, and tarsal structure. Genus PODABRUS Westwood. PODABRUS CUPESOIDES, new species. Plate 37, fig. 4. Form narrow, elongate, parallel. Head distinctly narrowed behind. Antennae long and slender, reaching nearly to the elytral apices, the joints very little serrate. Prothorax about as long as the head but con- siderably broader, sides obscurely preserved but apparently rounding. Elytra, conjointly, a little less than two and one-half times as long as broad, their apices rounding. Abdomen, as preserved, extending well beyond the elytral tips but probably distended as indicated by the broad transverse bands which show location of the sutures. Length, to tip of abdomen, 8 mm.; to tip of elytra, 7 mm.; of elytron, 5.35 mm.; width, across broadest part of elytra, 2.30 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 63446, U.S.N.M. The type of this species bears a notable resemblance to a small Cupes, partly because of the way in which it is displayed upon the stone. The small size and long antennae will separate it from any other Florissant fossil Podabrus, into which genus it seems to go by the posterior constriction of the head and the truncate prothoracic apex. The sculpture is of the finely scabrous type common among the recent species. With the type, [ have associated under the same name a considerable number of examples belonging to various other collections, especially those of the Museum of Comparative Zoology and the University of Colorado. It is possible that more than one species is concerned, but I can find no definite basis of separation. The texture of these beetles is so soft that they do not, as a rule, show up well as fossils and characters used in discrimination of recent forms, such as those founded upon structures of claws and maxillary palpi, are never visible upon the stones. 468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Genus MALACHIUS Fabricius. MALACHIUS IMMURUS, new name. Unfortunately the name pristinus, under which I described a fossil Malachius from Florissant,! had previously been used by Fall for a recent Californian species. Since he has kindly called my attention to the oversight, I wish to substitute for the fossil the name proposed above. Genus VRILLETTA LeConte. VRILLETTA MONSTROSA, new species. Plate 37, fig. 5. Form moderately elongate. Head deflexed, but not very strongly, surface extremely minutely and rather sparsely granulate on the front and vertex, but closely, finely and confusedly punctured on the sides near the thoracic front margin. Eye, as preserved, rather quadrate in outline, in life probably nearly circular. Antennae lost except a few disconnected joints which, in general, are scarcely ser- rate but the terminal ones appear to be larger. Prothorax about equal in height and breadth, back irregularly arched, surface granu- late like the head but somewhat more coarsely and sparsely. Elytra approximately two and one-third times the prothoracic length, epipleural lobe distinct, set off from the remainder of the elytron by a fine ridge or crease, striae of small, rounded, moderately deep punctures separated in each series by about their own diameters or a little less, interstitial spaces broad, flat, minutely alutaceous. The tip is not well preserved, so that the lines are indistinct in that region. Under side nearly smooth. Legs short, not very stout, extremely minutely pubescent, tibiae carinate. Length, from front of pronotum to abdominal apex, 9.25 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 63447, U.S.N.M. One specimen, with counterpart. There is no difficulty in distin- guishing this beetle from other fossil Florissant Anobiinae, the great size, in itself, serving for identification. The reference to this sub- family is made on the basis of the form of the prothorax, its relation to the head, the cephalic, thoracic, and elytral sculpture, the antennac, as far-as shown, and especially upon the tarsal structure which is like that of the recent Vrilletta murrayi from our Pacific coast. The sculptural characters are more like those of V. plumbea from the same general region. The generic assignment rests upon general similarity rather than upon truly definitive features. 1 Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, vol. 7, No. 3, p. 8 “ no. 2189. NEW FOSSIL BEETLES FROM FLORISSANT—WICKHAM. 469 Genus SPONDYLIS Fabricius. SPONDYLIS TERTIARIUS, new species Plate 39, figs. 2, 3. Form fairly elongate. Head finely and closely granulate, nar- rower than the prothorax, genae prominent, subspinose. Mandibles rough basally, smooth distally, as in the recent North American S. upiformis, quite strongly prominent. Antennae short, joints trans- verse, those of the base and apex wanting or obscured. Prothorax much broader than long, sides nearly straight but apparently not margined, surface sculpture coarser and shallower than that of the head. Elytra not very well preserved, the surface showing scarcely any definite sculpture except traces of certain costate markings simi- lar to those of the modern species with which it has been compared. Legs short, tibiae longitudinally carinate. Length, as preserved, from point of mandibles to elytral tip, 18.25 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 63448, U.S.N.M. No doubt can be held as to the family affinities of this beetle. It is evidently a Spondylid and the first representative of this family from the Florissant shales. The shape of the prothorax and carina- tion of the tibiae point to Parandra, but the apparent lack of pro- thoracic margin, the form of the genae, the sculpture of head and pronotum (as far as preserved) and the elytral costations have led me to refer it, in preference, to Spondylis. When the characters are better known, it may become necessary to erect a new genus for this insect. Genus CALLIDIUM Fabricius. CALLIDIUM GRANDAEVUM, new species. Plate 38, figs. 4, 5. Form elongate, subparallel. Head not well delimited, broad, min- utely roughened beneath. Antennae much shorter than the body, not reaching far beyond the abdominal base, scarcely at all serrate, first joint large, thick, second small, length and breadth about equal, third, fourth, and fifth subequal to each other, each about two and one-half times as long as the second, sixth and seventh a little shorter, eighth to eleventh much narrower and still shorter than those pre- ceding, the tenth not so long as its neighbors. Prothorax broad, sides, as preserved, nearly straight, under surface finely transversely rugose especially along the flanks. Abdomen somewhat distinctly banded with darker. Legs short, not well shown. Length, to abdominal apex, 13.50 mm.; of antenna, from base of second joint to tip, 7.20 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 63449, U.S.N.M. 470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vow. 52. Described from one specimen. My first impression was that this beetle belonged to the Clytini, but the antennae are not of the right structure. They are more like those of some Callidioides, notably the recent North American Callidiwm aereum, and since no generic characters show which are available for separation, I have placed the fossil in that genus. The antennal structure will serve at once to differentiate this from all similar described Florissant fossils. The detail figure shows the sudden reduction in size of the distal four joints. Genus BRUCHUS Linnaeus. BRUCHUS ANTAEUS, new species. Plate 38, figs. 6, 7. Form fairly elongate. Head small. Eyes not large nor prominent. Antennae short, thick, jomts beyond the third somewhat serrate but not strongly so. Prothorax transversely subelliptical, very nearly twice as broad as long, apex narrower, sides strongly and regu- larly arcuate, sculpture fine, obscure. Elytra about three and one- half times the prothoracic length, delicately striate, striae hardly visibly punctured, interspaces flat, broad, minutely roughened. Legs not preserved. Length, from front of head to abdominal apex, 9.20 mm.; of elytron, 5.10 mm. Type.—Cat No. 63450 U.S.N.M. This single specimen is by far the largest of any of the Florissant fossil Bruchids, being more than half as long again as B. bowditchi, from these shales, which it resembles quite strongly in form, antennal structure and elytral sculpture. The present insect has a much more transverse prothorax and is undoubtedly distinct. Genus PANDELETEINUS Champion. PANDELETEINUS NUDUS, new species. Plate 39, fig. 4. Form stout. Head finely but pretty deeply and very closely, in part confluently punctured, with a tendency to form transverse rugae, the portion normally covered by the prothoracic front margin extremely minutely, transversely strigulose. Eye small, subcircular, nearly central in position, Beak not fully defined but evidently _ short and broad. Antennae concealed or lost. Prothorax much higher than long, a trifle more closely and much more rugosely punc- tured than the head, the individuality of the punctures largely lost in a confluence which tends to form longitudinal rugae. Elytra moderately arched, deeply striate, strial punctures strong, large, deep, and rounded, separated in each series by less than their own dia- meters. Interstitial spaces rather broad, convex, not punctured ¥, a es le ele no, 2189. NEW FOSSIL BEETLES FROM FLORISSANT—WICKHAM. 471 ewes eee ee ee but very finely alutaceous. Legs moderate or rather short. Abdo- men, as far as shown along the side, nearly smooth. Length, 4.35 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 63451, U.S.N.M. Represented by a beautiful specimen, preserved in reverse so that the punctures above described appear as granules. The form, size, and position of the eye, structure of abdominal segments and, to a less degree, the elytral punctuation are very similar to the cor- responding features in the recent P. submetallicus from the southwest- ern United States. However, the fossil is without scales and is much more closely punctate on the head and prothorax; it may be generically distinct. Genus TYCHIUS Schénherr. TYCHIUS FEROX, new species. Plate 39, fig. 5. Form fairly elongate. Head with the forehead well arched and running into the rostrum without a break, surface vaguely but closely and rather coarsely punctured. Rostrum slightly curved, moder- ately thick and short, punctured like the head but not striate, scrobes about straight, directed beneath the eye which is elliptical and longitudinal. Antennal scape and funiculus about equal, club oval, gradually formed. Prothorax about twice as high as long, back scarcely arched, surface closely, more or less confluently and, rela- tively to the size of the insect, coarsely but only fairly deeply punc- tured, more strongly than the head. Elytron with the margin not very well preserved and the apex apparently a little distorted, about five times as long as the prothorax, surface moderately deeply striate, the striae with distant, not very well marked, elongate punc- tures, interspaces visibly convex and practically smooth. Beneath, the pectus is punctate similarly to the pronotum but less strongly, abdomen nearly smooth. Legs of moderate length, the middle and hind femora very strongly dentate, their tibiae slightly bent at base. Length, as preserved, from vertex of head to elytral apex, 3.90 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 63452, U.S.N.M. Described from one specimen. In form and general appearance, this beetle is like the Florissant fossil 7. evolatus and I think the two are likely enough congeneric in spite of the difference in the thighs (which are unarmed in TJ. evolatus) since the modern species of Tychius may have the femora either dentate or mutic. Genus BARIS Germar. BARIS PRIMALIS, new species. Plate 39, figs. 6, 7. Form moderately stout. Head small, relatively coarsely, moder- ately deeply and closely punctate. Rostrum nearly straight, punctate, more strongly and coarsely than the head, and striate, 472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. length, measured from the front of the eye, about equal to that of the remainder of the head or the median line of the prothorax. Eye ellip- tical, rather large. Antennae wanting. Prothorax short, noticeably narrowed and quite suddenly constricted in front, punctuation coarser and deeper than that of the head, crowded but hardly confluent, each puncture with a scale mark at bottom. Elytra moderately deeply striate, the striae with large, rounded or very slightly ellipti- cal punctures, much wider than the grooves themselves, those in each series nearly or quite touching, interstitial spaces about one- third the width of the punctures, almost smooth or, in places, finely transversely striate. Each strial puncture is somewhat crateriform, with raised edge and a central depression which may have held a scale. Sternal side pieces and pygidium punctured. Legs showing only the femora, which are of moderate length and not toothed, almost smooth. Length, excluding rostrum, 3.50 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 63453, U.S.N.M. Described from one specimen, with counterpart. At first I was inclined to consider it an example of B. matura, but that insect is smaller and is described as having punctate femora, the elytral rows of punctures separated by ‘‘scarcely more than the width of the puncta.” In the diagram given by Scudder, they are separated by about half that width, but in the present species they are still closer together. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 37 PLATE 39 Fie. 1. Platynus insculptipennis. Fie. 1. Harpalus redivivus. 2. Cratacanthus florissantensis. 2. Spondylis tertiarius. 3. Harpalus ulomaeformis. 3. Spondylis tertiarius, antenna. 4. Podabrus cupesoides. 4. Pandeleteinus nudus. 5. Vrilletta monstrosa. 5. Tychius ferox. 6. Baris primalis. PiaTE 38 7. Baris primalis, elytral punctua Fia. 1. Anatis resurgens. tLOD. 2. Brachyspathus curiosus. 3. Brachyspathus curiosus, antenna. 4. Callidium grandaevum. 5. Callidium grandaevum, antenna, 6. Bruchus antaeus. 7. Bruchus antaeus, antenna. i i el i ee PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 37 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM FossiL BEETLES FROM FLORISSANT, COLORADO. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 472. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 38 Fossit BEETLES FROM FLORISSANT, COLORADO. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 472, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 39 Fossit BEETLES FROM FLORISSANT, COLORADO. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 472, ROTATORIA OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, AND VICIN- ITY, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW SPECIES. By Frank J. Myers, Of Bethlehem, Pennsyivania. INTRODUCTION. The collections upon which this report is based were made by the writer from January to May, 1916. While the number of species listed is not large, the record is interesting in view of the fact that nothing is known of the Rotatoria of California; it is hoped that local students may take up the subject and extend the list. Los Angeles is situated on a narrow, level plain intervening be- tween the foot of the San Gabriel Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. The Los Angeles River, which passes through the city, has the usual characteristics of mountain streams; at times it is torrential and at other times its bed is practically dry. On account of the narrowness of the level plain no large lakes exist, and as there are but two seasons, a rainy and a dry one, permanent pools and ponds are not numerous. The majority of the collections are consequently from artificial reservoirs and ornamental pools in and around the city. Through the kindness of Mr. Willi Mulholland I obtained access to the various storage reservoirs from which the water supply of the city is obtained. Mr. H. K. Harring, of the United States National Museum, has cooperated in the determination of some of the species and added a note on Pleurotrocha daphnicola. For convenience the different localities at which collections were made are referred to by numbers, as follows: 1. Permanent pool, about 1 acre in area, formed by surface drain- age and overflow from a small artificial lake in East Lake Park, Los Angeles. 2. Slowly running water in Ballona Creek, a very small stream about 4 miles west of Los Angeles. 3. From service pipe of the city water supply. 4. Nigger Slough, a large body of water about 11 miles south of Los Angeles, supplied by surface drainage and melted snow from the San Gabriel Mountains. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 52—No. 2190. 473 474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52, 5. Edge of a swamp north of the town of Riverside. 6. Ornamental pool on alligator farm, near East Lake Park, Los Angeles. 7. Pool formed by the Los Angeles River at a point about 14 miles south of the city, on highway to Long Beach. 8. Artificial lake in West Lake Park, Los Angeles. 9. Artificial lake in Echo Park, Los Angeles. 10. Silver Spring reservoir, eastern section of Los Angeles, near Sunset Boulevard. 11. Buena Vista reservoir, Elysian Park, Los Angeles. 12. Ornamental fountain in St. James Place, Los Angeles. LIST OF THE SPECIES COLLECTED. Notommata cerberus (Gosse), 12. Notommata pachyura (Gosse) = Copeus pachyurus Gosse, 11. Notommata tripus Ehrenberg, 10. Taphrocampa annulosa Gosse, 1, 3, 6, 12. Proales decipiens (Ehrenberg), 1, 6. Pleurotrocha petromyzon Ehrenberg, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7. Pleurotrocha daphnicola (Thompson) = Proales daphnicola Thomp- son, 4. Eosphora najas Ehrenberg, 7. Not previously recorded from the United States. Cephalodella_ catellina (Miller)=Diglena catellina (Miller), 1, PG, 11, Cephalodella forficula (Ehrenberg) = Furcularia forficula Ehren- berg, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 12. Diaschiza auriculata (Miller) = Diaschiza lacinulata (Miller), 1, 10. Diaschiza forficata (Ehrenberg) = Diaschiza caeca Gosse, 2, 6. Diaschiza gibba (Ehrenberg), 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12. Diaschiza globata Gosse, 6. Diaschiza gracilis (Ehrenberg), 5, 6. Diaschiza hood Gosse, 1, 5, 6, 10. Not previously recorded from the United States. Diaschiza tenuior Gosse, 1, 6, 10, 11. Monommata orbis (Miller) = Furcularia longiseta (Miller), 5. Dicranophorus forcipatus (Miller) = Diglena forcipata (Miller), 1, eG Ll. Encentrum felis (Miller) = Proales felis (Miller), 5. Epiphanes senta (Miller) = Hydatina senta (Miller), 1. Brachionus angularis Gosse, 1, 8, 9. Brachionus angularis caudatus Barrois and Daday, 4, 8, 9. Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas=Brachionus pala Ehrenberg, form dorcas Gosse, 1; form amphiceros Ehrenberg, 1, 4. Brachionus capsuliflorus Pallas; form bakeri Ehrenberg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12; form urceolaris Miller, 1, 5, 9. % No. 2190. ROTATORIA OF LOS ANGELES, CAL.—MYERS. AND Brachionus patulus Miller = Brachionus militaris Ehrenberg, 3. Brachionus plicatilis Miller = Brachionus miillerr Ehrenberg, 8. Brachionus variabilis Hempel, 2, 4. This species, originally described from the Illinois River, at Havana, Tllinois, was found very abundant. It is commensal on Daphnia longispina (Miller) and Ceriodaphma longispina (Miller), which appears to have been unknown to Hempel; nearly every Daphnid carried about a number of these no doubt unwelcome guests, attached to the carapace. When swimming about by the action of its own cilia, Brachionus variabilis behaves very much as other species of this genus, but when deciding to use a Daphnid for conveyance, it attaches itself with astonishing rapidity, almost jumping upon the host. Some of the numerous varieties are illustrated on plate 40, figures 1-5. The posterior spines are found in all Jengths and in individuals of all ages; no evidence was observed that would tend to confirm Hempel’s suggestion: that only the young have spines, which with advancing age are absorbed. As nothing similar has ever been reported for other species of the genus, it is probably safe to dismiss it as unfounded. Brachionus variabilis may be easily recognized by the subquadrate plate projecting over the foot opening; it is therefore evident that the animal figured by Murray in Notes on the Natural History of Bolivia and Peru (p. 26), does not belong to this species, but is no doubt one of the varieties of Brachionus capsuliflorus Pallas, probably the form usually called B. urceolaris. Platyias quadricornis (Ehrenberg) = Noteus quadricorns Ehrenberg, ak Keratella cochlearis (Gosse) = Anuraea cochlearis Gosse, 1, 4, 7, 9, 12. Keratella quadrata (Miller) = Anuraea aculeata Ehrenberg, normal form, 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10; form valga Ehrenberg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9. Notholca striata (Miller), 1, 2, 3, 10. Mytilina mucronata (Miller) =Salpina mucronata (Miller), 1, 6. Mytilina ventralis (Ehrenberg) =Salpina ventralis Khrenberg, normal form and form brevispina Ehrenberg, 11. Euchlanis defleca Gosse, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11. Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg, 1, 2, 5, 6, 11. Euchlanis lyra Hudson, 3,10. Not previously recorded from the United States. Euchlanis plicata Levander, 11. As the figure accompanying the original description is somewhat diagrammatic, this apparently rare species has been illustrated on plate 41, figures 1-3. It has not previously been found in the United States. Euchlanis pyriformis Gosse, 11. Euchlanis triquetra Ehrenberg, 3, 5. 476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. LECANE ASPASIA, new species. Plate 40, figs. 6-8. The lorica is broadly oval and nearly parallel-sided anteriorly. The anterior dorsal and ventral edges are coincident and slightly convex; at the lateral edges they are produced as two small spines. The dorsal plate is ovate and its anterior margin slightly narrower than the ventral plate; its markings are moderately prominent and fairly regular. The ventral plate is at its widest point of the same width as the dorsal plate; it has a well-marked transverse fold some distance in front of the foot. The longitudinal markings are rather faint. The posterior segment of the body is broadly rounded posteriorly and projects slightly beyond the dorsal plate. The first foot jomt is nearly parallel-sided and projects over the movable joint with a minute median rounded lobe. The movable joint is broad, rounded anteriorly and sharply constricted immediately in front of the toes. The coxal plates are approximately triangular. The toes are long, slender, and parallel-sided, ending in acutely poimted claws. The body is of more than average depth. Total length 132 yw; length of lorica 94 «4; width of anterior spines 63 p, length of spines 4 yw; length of dorsal plate 82 uw, width at widest point 73 wu, width of anterior edge 54 4; width of ventral plate 75 y; length of toes without claw 30 yu, length of claw 8 yw; depth of body 50 pw. Type.—Cat. No.16832 , U.S.N.M., is from a pool on alligator farm, near Hast Lake Park, Los Angeles. With the large number of species belonging to this genus, differing only in minor details, comparisons are of little value; the present species has some resemblance to Lecane arcula Harring, but is broader and stouter, as well as being considerably larger. Lecane eurvicornis (Murray) = Cathypna curvicornis Murray,7. Not previously recorded for the United States. Lecane hornemanni (Ehrenberg) = Cathypna hornemanni (Ehren- berg), 11. Lecane luna (Miller) = Cathypna luna (Miller), 1, 2, 6, 10, 11, 12. Monostyla bulla Gosse, 3, 5, 7, 12. Monstyla closterocerca Schmarda, 1, 8, 5, 12. Monostyla cornuta (Miller), 4. Monostyla hamata Stokes, 3. Monostyla lunaris Ehrenberg, 4, 10. Monostyla quadridentata Ehrenberg, 4, 10. Monostyla stenroosi Meissner = Monostyla bicornis Stenroos, not of Daday. 3,5. Not previously recorded for the United States. Lepadella acuminata (Ehrenberg), 1, 11. Lepadella patella (Miller), 1,3, 5, 6, 7. Lepadella rhomboides (Gosse), 1, 3. > No. 2190. ROTATORIA OF LOS ANGELES, CAL—MYERS. AGT Lepadella triptera Ehrenberg, 6. Colurella obtusa (Gosse), 1, 4, 5, 7, 9. 12. Colurella uncinata (Miller), 3. Squatinella mutica (Ehrenberg) =Stephanops muticus Ehrenberg, 3, 5, 6, 12. Trichotria pocillum (Miller) = Dinocharis pocillum (Miller), 1, 5 6, 10. Trichotria tetractis (Ehrenberg) = Dinocharis tetractis Ehrenberg, 2, 56, 7, 10: Wolga spinifera (Western) = Distyla spinifera Western, 4. Lophocharis oxysternon (Gosse) = Metopidia oxysternon Gosse, 1, 3, 6. Macrochaetus collinsvi (Gosse) = Dinocharis collinsii Gosse, 5. Scarvdivum longicaudum (Miler), 1, 3, 5, 8. Trichocerca longiseta (Schrank) = Rattulus longiseta (Shrank), 5. Trichocerca scvpio (Gosse) = Rattulus scupio (Gosse), 5. Diurella brachyura (Gosse), 1, 6. Diurella tigris (Miller), 1. Diurella tenuror (Gosse), 1, 6, 11, 12. Dwurella weberr Jennings, 1, 2, 6. Synchaeta oblonga Ehrenberg, 6 10. Synchaeta pectinata Ehrenberg, 1, 4, 8, 10. Synchaeta stylata Wierzejski, 8. Synchaeta tremula (Miller), 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12. Polyarthra trigla Ehrenberg = Polyarthra platyptera Ehrenberg, 1, 2, Pepe 8.911; 19, Asplanchna brightwellia Gosse, 1, 2, 4, 9. Asplanchna priodonta Gosse, 1, 4. Asplanchnopus multiceps (Schrank), 4. Testudinella patina (Hermann) = Pterodina patina (Hermann), 3. Pedaha mira (Hudson) = Pedalion mirum Hudson, 3, 4. Filinia longiseta (Ehrenberg) = Triarthra longiscta Ehrenberg, 8. Floscularva rongens (Linnaeus) = Melrcerta ringens (Linnaeus), 1, 5, 610; 12. Ptygura crystallina (Khrenberg) =Oecistes crystallinus Ehrenberg, 6, 12. Ptygura mucicola (Kellicott) = Ocecistes mucicola Kellicott, 12. Ptygura longipes (Wills) =Occistes umbella Hudson, 6. Not previ- ously found in the United States. Ptygura velata (Gosse) = Oecistes velatus Gosse, 6, 10. Collotheca cornuta (Dobie) = Floscularia cornuta Dobie, 1, 6. Collotheca coronetia (Cubitt) = Floscularia coronetta Cubitt, 1, 6. Collotheca ornata (Ehrenberg) = Floscularia ornata Ehrenberg, 6. No study was made of the Bdelloida. ) A478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. PLEURCTROCHA DAPHNICOLA (Thompson).! Plate 41, figs. 4-9. Proales daphnicola THomeson, Science Gossip, vol. 28, 1892, p. 220, text figure.— Murray, Trans. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 45, 1906, p. 179, pl. 6, fig. 26. ?Pleurotrocha sigmoidea Skorikov, Trav. Soc. Nat. Kharkow, vol. 30, 1896, p. 284, pl 7:2. S: Thompson’s original description is very good and there is but little to add to Mr. Myers’s figures of the animal, plate 41, figures 4 and 5; Thompson calls attention to the ‘‘remarkably long” foot glands with ‘their ducts plainly opening as projecting tubules at the extremity of the large, swollen toes.” At the base of the toe there is a fairly large mucus reservoir. The trophi, figures 6 to 9, present an interesting modification of the virgate or ‘‘pumping” type. The rami are approximately hemispherical, cuplike structures, functioning as the cylinder of the ‘““‘pump’’; of the usual transverse ridges only the basal one is present, taking the form of a prominent, hornlike process. On the inner surfaces of the rami, from the tip of the horn to the posterior or dorsal point, there is a series of close-set, needlelike teeth, shown in figure 8. These teeth obviously play no part in the mastica- tion of the food, but they explain fully how the animal attaches itself to the skin of worms, as reported by Murray in the paper cited above. The unci rest on the dorsal portions of the rami, in the sinus behind the ventral horn. Each uncus has five teeth, two ventral, pointed, and three dorsal, with rounded, knoblike tips. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 40. Fria. 1. Brachionus variabilis, dorsal view; page 475. . Brachionus variabilis, dorsal view. . Brachionus variabilis, dorsal view. . Brachionus variabilis, ventral view. . Brachionus variabilis, lateral view. . Lecane aspasia, dorsal view, page 476. . Lecane aspasia, ventral view. . Lecane aspasia, lateral view. OnNrarr Wd Puate 41. Fia. 1. Huchlanis plicata, lateral view; page 475. . Euchlanis plicata, dorsal view. . Euchlanis plicata, transverse section of body. . Pleurotrocha daphnicola, lateral view; page 478. . Pleurotrocha dapknicola, dorsal view. . Pleurotrocha dahpnicola, trophi, ventral view. . Pleurotrocha daphnicola, trophi, anterior view. . Pleurotrocha daphnicola, internal surface of left ramus. . Pleurotrocha daphnicola, trophi, lateral view. Conrnwr WS DOH 1 Note by H. K. Harring, U. 8. National Museum. | | | U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 40 ROTATORIA FROM LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 478, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 41 ROTATORIA FROM LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 478. ON CERTAIN SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS IN THE MALE RUDDY DUCK, ERISMATURA JAMAICENSIS (GMELIN). By ALEXANDER WETMORE, Of the Biological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture. Among recorded peculiarities of the ruddy duck (ELnsmatura jamaicensis) the lack of an enlargement at the bronchial bifurcation of the trachea in the male has been most noteworthy. The absence of this bulla ossea is the more striking as such an ampulla is developed with comparatively few exceptions among all of the river and sea ducks. MacGillivray,! apparently the only ornithotomist to examine and describe the trachea in the ruddy duck, first noted this peculiar- ity. Forbes found that a bulla ossea was lacking also in the male of the Australian duck, Biziura lobata, and in his discussion of this fact calls attention? to MacGillivray’s note on Erismatura. Later Bed- dard? noted that males of Oidemia nigra and Oidemia fusca also lack this modification of the syrinx but did not give full enough credence to MacGillivray’s account to include Erismatura in the same category unreservedly. In dissections of Erismatura jamaicensis made recently I have verified MacGillivray’s observations of eighty or more years ago and have found in addition a remarkable secondary sexual structure that has apparently never been described. Ornithologists who have skinned and prepared various species of ducks are familiar with the fact that in the ruddy duck the skin of the neck is full and loose, slipping easily over the occiput. In most other species of ducks it is necessary to slit the integument of the neck in skinning out the head. While examining a fresh specimen of the male ruddy duck my attention was attracted to the broad develop- ment of the paired dermal muscle (the deeper layer of the cucullaris) covering the ventral side of the skin of the neck. Further examina- tion revealed a median broadening of the muscle sterno-trachealis and finally a remarkable tracheal air-sac which is used when males are displaying during mating. This tracheal air-sac has no con- nection with the pulmonary air-sacs of the body. It opens as a 1 Audubon, J. J., Ornithological Biography, vol. 4, 1838, p. 331. 2 Forbes, W. A., Collected Scientific Papers, 1885, p. 355. 3 Beddard, F. E., Structure and Classification of Birds, 1898, p. 464. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 52—No. 2191. 479 480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. depression in the dorsal wall of the trachea immediately behind the larynx and lies between the trachea below and the esophagus above. When fully distended this air-sac like those of the pulmonary system is found to have thin transparent walls. In form it is somewhat pear- shaped, flattened ventrally and rounded dorsally. The anterior end for a space of 8 or 10 mm. is narrow, forming a slender neck which broadens abruptly into the body of the sac. In one specimen (Cat. No. 224829, U.S.N.M.), the distended sac measured 50 mm. long by 43 mm. broad. The depth was equal to the lateral measure- ment (43 mm.). In another (Cat. No. 224831, U.S.N.M.) the vesicle measured 65 mm. long by 32 mm. wide at the broad basal end. The diameter of the anterior extension or neck of the sac in this bird was 10 mm. In a third bird (Cat. No. 224832, U.S.N.M.) the measure- ments were intermediate between these two. In dissecting these ruddy ducks I found that the paired dermal muscles (called by Gadow! the deeper layer of the muscle cucullaris) arise on the side of the head posterior to the orbit and pass backward converging immediately below the larynx until separated by only the space of a millimeter. The two muscles expand at once to cover entirely the loose skin of the ventral sides of the neck. They insert by two strong attachments on the furculum. For its anterior half each muscle is a single broad sheet. Posteriorly, (covering the tracheal air-sac) each divides into 20 or 22 fasciculae. While the lateral bands of each muscle are thin and weak the series of fascicles increases markedly in strength as the median line is approached. MacGillivray, in his notes on the trachea in the male ruddy duck, remarks that the tracheal muscles are similar to those of other ducks but in this he was mistaken. The paired muscle sterno-trachealis is inserted as a slender band on either side of the thyroid cartilage. Passing back on reaching the anterior end of the tracheal air-sac it broadens suddenly to a width of 10 mm. The anterior edge of the expansion attaches firmly at its outer angle to the esophagus. Each muscle narrows gradually until at the posterior margin of the air-sac it is only 2 mm. wide. It is closely attached to the air-sac touch- ing the trachea only along its internal edge. Posteriorly the entire narrowed muscle transfers rather abruptly from the air-sac to the trachea. The depression marking the mouth of the air-sac is immediately behind the larynx on the dorsal surface of the trachea (fig. 1, d). Its sides are abrupt and it is broad anteriorly, somewhat constricted medially, and truncated posteriorly. From its posterior end leads the canal for the passage of air. In one specimen examined four of the anterior tracheal rings are interrupted over the opening of the canal; in another these rings are entire. 1 Gadow, Hans, Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs. Vogel, vol. 1, 1891, p. 215. 2 Adubon, J. J., Ornithological Biography, vol. 4, 1838, p. 331. * xo. 2191. SEX UAL CHARACTERS IN THE RUDDY DUCK—WETMORE. 481 The internal structure of the larynx in the male ruddy duck is peculiar. Behind the rima glottidis (fig. 1, 6) on either side is an elongate cushion of connective tissue from which a somewhat trian- gular elevation projects into the cavity of the larynx (fig. 1, ¢). These pads may be called the pulvini laryngis. In addition there is a flap of connective tissue developed along the median line of the thy- roid cartilage for the length of the larynx. This flap is between 4 and 5 mm. high and is bent over toward the left side. It is not men- tioned certainly in anatomies save by Sir Richard Owen ' who speaks of finding it in ‘‘the Pelican, the Gigantic Crane, and most of the Rasores.” I have called it the ligula laryngis. Apparently it has the same function as the mammalian epiglottis. eas ode From a study of the larynx in fresh birds I believe the probable mechanics of inflating the tracheal b air-sac to be as follows: The male ruddy duck about to display fills the air-sacs of the pulmo- c nary series with air. The rima glottidis is then closed by the action of muscles controlling the d arytenoid cartilages. This brings the points of connective tissue (pulvini laryngis) in the larynx together and these with the ligula close the larynx save behind. With the sterno-tracheal and cucullaris muscles relaxed a slight con- Fic. 1—Lonertupinat ‘traction of the respiratory muscles would in- aaa Sitatneod flate the tracheal air-sac. Though no sphincter "ROM BELOW (X2). ? ‘ P IMA GLOTTIDIS. C, muscle is present, contraction at the anterior at- = Purvinus Laryyars, tachment of the sterno-tracheales may close the © “°P7# OF AmFSAC. aperture of the air-sac by pressing the esophagus against it. The release of this pressure and contraction of the broad dermal muscle would serve to deflate the sac. The tracheal air-sac is absent in females. 'The deeper layer of the muscle cucullaris too is less in bulk than in males and the sterno- trachealis shows no unusual broadening. In a young male about 10 days old, however, a tracheal sac was present that measured when inflated 18 mm. long by 15 mm. wide (Cat. No. 224830, U.S.N.M.). It was placed as in the adult male. From examining this bird it was apparent that the sac grows by backward expansion from the opening in the trachea. The development of the sterno-trachealis muscle in the young bird was extraordinary. It spread over the entire ventral surface of the sac, covering it completely. Adult males that were seen in display swam about with swelling breast and neck drawn in, turning or alternately advancing and retreating before the females. At short intervals the head was 1 Owen, Richard, Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of Vertebrates, vol. 2, 1866, p. 219. 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17—— 31 482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. extended with a series of short jerks as the male called tick-tick-tickity quo-ack. At the last note the bill opened widely and the head was thrown forward, and then immediately withdrawn to the first posi- tion, when the display continued as before. There is little question that similar air-sacs will be found upon examination in other species of the genus Hrismatura as recognized at present. Kerr! in describing the courtship of F. vittata (wit- nessed near Buenos Aires, Argentina) says that at one stage the male “stretches out his neck on the surface of the water right in front of him, and then ruffles up the feathers of his neck and inflates his crop [italics mine] until his neck seems to disappear altogether.”’ And Bennett? writing on £. australis says that this species has habits identical with those of EH. vittata as described by Kerr ? ‘‘even to the peculiar manner of courtship adopted by the male bird.” From examination of study skins of males of other species of ducks in the collections of the United States National Museum, that are placed now in the anatine subfamily Hrismaturinae, it is expected that tracheal air-sacs similar to that described in the male ruddy duck may be found. The additional species seen are: Thalassornis leuconotus (Smith). Thalassornis insularis Richmond (female only seen). Nomonyx dominicus (Linnaeus). Erismatura leucocephala (Scopoli). Erismatura ferruginea Eyton. All these species have the skin of the neck full and loose so that in no case was there a slit made around the head by the collectors who prepared the birds. In addition the skin on the necks of these birds beneath the feathers is thick and leathery to the touch as though underlaid by heavy dermal muscle. It is worthy of note that in the species of ducks at present known to have no dilation of the syrinx in the males some other peculiarity of the trachea or mouth is present. According to Forbes? in Bizura lobata there is a small distensible sac contained in a loose gular fold of skin with its opening in the mouth anterior to the fraenum linguae. In Oidemia migra the trachea and the bronchi of the male are both somewhat dilated. Oidemia fusca has a remarkable swelling below the larynx containing a separate chamber communicating by two slits with the trachea. The peculiarities of Erismatura jamai- censis are described in this paper. 1 Kerr, J. G., Extracts from letters of, Ibis, 1890, p. 360. 2 Bennett, K. H., Letter from, Ibis, 1891, p. 143. 8 Forbes, W. A., Collected Scientific Papers, 1885, pp. 355-356. i li i - NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND ECOLOGY OF THE DRAGONFLIES (ODONATA) OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA. By CLarENcE Hamitton KENNEDY, Of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. INTRODUCTION. This is the second of three general papers on Pacific Coast Odonata. The first concerned Washington and Oregon Odonata.! The third, which is now in preparation, will be based on collecting done in south- ern California during the summer of 1915. The object of this series is, first, to give a view of Pacific coast dragonflies and their varied and interesting environments, and, sec- ond, to bring the data together on which a list of western Odonata can be written. This list is now in preparation and, covering that area of Canada and the United States west of the one hundredth meridian, already includes nearly 200 species. In the present paper, as in the first, I have made descriptions and illustrations as complete as possible because much of the literature on western dragonflies is inaccessible to even the average college student. The trip to Nevada was made possible by a liberal advance of money from Mr. EK. B. Williamson, who later received his pay in a series of the specimens collected. At all times in the work I have received his constant encouragement and help. The greater part of the work on the paper was done in the Stanford University labora- tories under Prof. Vernon L. Kellogg, whose kindly appreciation and critical help have been among the pleasures of the undertaking. The paper was completed in the Cornell University laboratories, where Dr. J. G. Needham very kindly assisted me on the gomphines. A series of specimens covering all the forms discussed in the follow- ing pages, except such as are specifically stated to be elsewhere, has been deposited in the United States National Museum. 1. A PACIFIC COAST VARIETY OF AGRION AEQUABILE. Since my arrival at Cornell I have received a shipment of inter- esting California Odonata from Mr. and Mrs. L. R. Reynolds, of San Francisco. These were interesting in that several species were taken at altitudes of 8,000 to 10,200 feet in the Sierras. These are listed in the final section of this paper. 1Kennedy,C.H. Noteson The Life History and Ecology of The Dragonflies (Odonata) of Washington and Oregon. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, pp. 259-345, July 28, 1915. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 52—No. 2192. 483 484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Among these were a male and female Agrion aequabile (Say), the first recorded from California, which were larger than var. yakima and had slightly more color in the wings. These are apparently an undescribed race. This is the third variety of aequabile found in the West, var. yakima being found in the Columbia River basin, var. coloradicum described from Boulder County, Colorado, and this form now found in California.? Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds have very kindly deposited these specimens in the United States National Museum. AGRION AEQUABILE CALIFORNICUM, new variety. Type.—Cat. No. 20814, U.S.N.M. A male from the collection of L. R. and C. D. Reynolds, taken at Blue Lake, Humboldt County, California, May 6, 1911, by F. W. Nunenmacher. Allotype.—Cat. No. 20814, U.S.N.M. No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 495 preceded by an equal pale band, which is preceded by a very dark band. No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 497 Santa Clara County, California, on May 15, 1915. Sharon Pond is an artificial pool 200 feet long and 3 feet deep on theestate of thesame name west of Stanford. The single male was collected by sweeping in the sedges growing about its borders. The three specimens from San Jose were collected in the sedges along the edge of Coyote Creek, which at this season is a sluggish and almost stagnant stream. I have no data that would indicate that the habitat and habits of this species differ from those of denticollis, except that this has been found in only the two places mentioned, while denticollis is found throughout the southwestern States and northwestern Mexico. A fuller discus- sion of Coyote Creek and its odonate fauna is given on page 596 of this paper. The following is a description of this species: CELAENURA GEMINA, new species. This is a small species with coloration almost identical with that of denticollis. (See figs. 53-55 and compare with figs. 56-58.) Type.—Cat. No. 20816, U.S.N.M. A male, from Coyote Creek, San Jose, Santa Clara County, California, May 15, 1915. Allotype.—Cat. No. 20816, U.S.N.M. A female, from Coyote Creek, San Jose, Santa Clara County, California, May 15, 1915, taken in copulation with the type. Length of abdomen: Male, type, 19 mm.; of the remaining two, one measures 19, the other 22 mm.; female, allotype, 21. Length of hind wings: Male, type, 14 mm.; of the remaining males, one measures 15, the other 16; female, allotype, 17. Male structure. —As compared with other species of this group (Cera- tura, Anomalagrionand Ischnura) this, forits size, is fairlyrobust. Head with shallow antennal fossae and a prominent occipital ridge. Pro- thorax with the posterior lobe half the length of the middle lobe and slanting caudad and dorsad at an angle of 45°. This lobe is thin antero-posteriorly and viewed from in front slightly concave on each lateral edge, but evenly convex on the posterior edge. A tuft of long hairs on each outer end of the middle lobe. Femur of front leg with a single internal basal spine, a single internal apical spine and 5-6 external spines; femur of the middle leg with 8 internal and 8 external spines; of the hind leg with 12 internal and 10 external spines. Tibia of fore leg with 2 spines above the comb and 2 below and 8 internal spines; of middle leg with 13 internal and 8 external spines; of hind leg with 18 internal and 11 external spines. Hind femur reaching to second third of segment 2. A large, hairy, hemispherical tubercle on the ventral side of the metathorax. Wings extending to apex of segment 6, with rhomboidal stigmas, those of the fore wing black, of hind wing brown. Penis of the two-horned ischnuran type but without the pair of large internal spines (fig. 92). The terminal processes (‘““horns’’) one-half longer than in denticollis; two minute 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17 32 498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. spines on each side of the apex of the shaft. Posterior hamules twice as long as wide, tips rounded and barely reaching the edge of the sexual fossa. A short but distinct spine on antero-ventral edge of segment 3 next the seminal vesicle. Segment 10 with a narrow, high, forked, dorso-apical projection (see figs. 94-96). Superior appendage, viewed from the side, with a conical base from the ventral side of which a long, basal, pointed branch extends ventrad and behind the upturned dorsal branch of the inferior appendage. Viewed from the side the inferior appendage very short, the inferior branch merely a rounded tubercle, the superior branch short, turned up and covering Fias. 53-55. —CELAENURA GEMINA. 53. MALE COLOR PATTERN. 54-55. FEMALE COLOR PATTERN. Fiqs. 56-58.—CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS. 56. MALE COLOR PATTERN. 57-58, FEMALE COLOR PATTERN. the inferior branch of the superior appendage. Viewed from above the superior appendages are sigmoid-conical and diverge widely from the median line. Female, structure.—Differing from male as follows: Prothorax with posterior lobe divided by two notches in its posterior edge into a median and two lesser lateral portions. Viewed from side the pos- terior edge of hind lobe presents two concavities, one from base to lateral notch and one between notch and apex (see figs. 62, A—B). (Mesostigmal lamina, fig. 93.) A minute spine on apex of ventrum of segment 8. Segment 10 three-fifths as long as9. Superior ap- pendages two-thirds as long as segment 10, ends obtuse. Genital valve reaching almost to apex of segment 10, its ventral edge smooth but covered with short hairs. Palp two-thirds length of 10. Male, color.—Labrum, bases of mandibles and genae bluish green. Base of labrum edged with black. Nasus blue, postclypeus black. Frons blue on vertical surface, its dorsal surface black, which is con- no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 499 tinuous with the black of the vertex. Postocular spots blue, minute, not connected. Eyes with the ventral three-fourths blue, which is sharply separated by a horizontal line from the black dorsal fourth. Rear of head blue. (See fig. 53.) Prothorax black, except anterior lobe, which is pale, and the side of the middle lobe, which is blue. Mesothorax and metathorax black dorsally, the black extending caudad halfway to the first lateral suture. Upper half of mesin- fraepisternum black. Second lateral suture narrowly black except on its upper third where the black stripe dilates into an elliptical mark. Sides otherwise blue. Coxae greenish blue with a black stripe across the external face. Trochanters and femora black with the inferior side yellowish green. Tibia yellow with an external, black stripe. Tarsi yellow. Stigmas of the front wings black, of the hind wings brown. Abdomen with the lower sides of segments 1 and 2, the basal half of the side of segment 3 and the lower sides of segments 8-10 blue. The dorsum of segments 1-7 and 10 broadly black, except a narrow, pale basal ring, interrupted on the middorsal line, excepting also the apex of segment 1, which is blue, and the blue dorsum of segments 8 and 9. Sides of segments 4—7 creamy. Female, color.—Similar to that of the male but with a broad, pale, antehumeral stripe. (See figs. 54-55.) Labrum yellow, edged above with black. Nasus, genae, bases of mandibles and anterior surface of frons yellow. Postclypeus, dorsal surface of frons and vertex black. Occiput edged with yellow. Post- ocular spots larger than in the male, not connected with each other but confluent posteriorly with the pale brownish of the rear of the head. Eyes greenish, darker above. Prothorax black on the dorsal surface, except the anterior lobe pale and the pale olive of the sides extending up farther than in the male. Mesothorax and metathorax olive on the sides, shading into creamy on the coxae and into brown on the antehumeral stripe. The black confined to the mesepisterna, a spot on the dorsal edge of the mesin- fraepisternum and a small spot on the upper end of the second lateral suture. A brown antehumeral stripe one-third as wide as mesepis- ternum. Trochanters and legs creamy, with a broad black stripe on the dorsal surface of the femur and a narrow external stripe on the tibia. Feet pale. Wings with brown stigmas. Abdomen broadly black above except the apex of segment 1, a minute middorsal spot on segment 8, a large apical middorsal spot on 9 and a minute, basal, middorsal spot on 10, blue. Segments 3-7 with a narrow basal pale ring interrupted on the middorsal line. In- tersegmental membranes of segments 2-7 black; of segments 1-2 and 7-10 blue. Lower sides of segments 1-10 pale creamy yellow. 500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. This pair, the type and allotype, are dried alcoholics. My mem- ory is that in life the female had the pale colors on the thorax and abdomen pale green. CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS (Burmeister). This smallest of western dragonflies occurs throughout the warmer valleys of California, Nevada, Arizona, and northwestern Mexico. My data for Mexico are from Calvert.1. This species is found com- monly on the high central plateau of Mexico, where the farthest south record is on the slope of Mount Orizaba at an elevation of over 6,000 feet. It does not occur on the lower land of the east coast but it is found down the west coast, although not as far south as it occurs on the cooler plateau. In California and Nevada it is found from sea level up to 4,400 feet. It is, in the latter States, distinctly a spring stream species, though in southern California it is found about almost any permanent, sluggish water. Many of my northern records are spring- stream records. In the hot Sacramento Valley I found it at Colusa, which was as far north asI went. At Calistoga, California, it was very abundant in the cooler of the warm outlets of the Hot Springs. It oc- curred in a spring stream at Auburn, California (3,400 feet elevation), on the east side of the Sacramento Valley. At Golconda, Nevada (elevation, 4,400 feet), perhaps the coolest climate in which I found it, denticollis flourished in a warm spring where freezing weather could have little influence on the nymphs. In none of the localities men- tioned in the preceding, with the exception of Golconda, Nevada, where the nymphs are protected from the freezing weather by the warm water, are there heavy frosts with any severe winter weather. Its distribution then indicates that it is distinctly a subtropical insect, but just as distinctly that it is not tropical. It is with equal distinctness confined to the semiarid and arid regions. This inter- esting distribution from sea level on the northern boundary of its habitat to the great elevation on its southern boundary is found in many other western Odonata, many species having very definite tem- perature limits. The habits of this species are in general ischnuran but indicate greater feebleness. Early in the morning it is found in the sedges and grasses bordering the water but during the heat of the day it spends the greater part of its time over the surface of the water, usually seated on trash or aquatic vegetation. At Calistoga I had an excellent opportunity of observing its habits because of its great abundance. Here several nymphs ready to transform were taken from the trash around the edge of a warm spring and the exuviae were common on the grass stalks fringing the water. I caught none in the act of trans- forming, as it was cold rainy weather, but I feel reasonably certain of the identity of these nymphs. 1 Biol. Amer., Neur., pp. 126, 387. + no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 501 The females resorted to the little drain ditches to oviposit; there the males in great numbers awaited their coming. After a considerable time in copulation, seated on some grass stem the female, still accompanied by the male, would fly to the surface of the stream, preferably a quiet lateral pool, and commence ovi- positing. In ovipositing the male held the female by the head. 29 HN I Fic. 59. —CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS, PAIRS OF EGGS IN TISSUE OF GRASS LEAF. Fics. 60-61.—CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS. 60. PAIR RESTING BETWEEN OVIPOSITIONS, FEMALE WITH ABDO- MEN RAISED. 61. FEMALE OVIPOSITING. The pair would alight on floating vegetation, in a horizontal position, and the female would bend her abdomen slightly and make usually one or two incisions, after which she would raise the end of her abdomen con- 502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. siderably above the horizontal and wait in this position several seconds, when the pair would fly to another straw and repeat the one or two thrusts followed by the wait with the tip of the female’s abdomen in the air. (See figs. 60-61.) This was kept up, by a pair under observa- tion, for 20 minutes. In no place did they make more than one or two thrusts. Further, I was not positive at the time that the ovi- positor was actually thrust into the plant tissue, as the females observed put forth none of that painstaking effort usually shown by ovipositing dragonflies. Later, when these grass blades were examined in the laboratory, eggs were found in pairs (see fig. 59). This species is un- doubtedly the feeblest of all the western Odonata, not excepting Tele- basis salva, which is no larger but much more active. Length of abdomen: Male, 19 mm.; female, 20. Length of hind wings: Male, 12 mm.; female, 14. Male, structure—Only 2 internal spines on anterior femur, one at base, the other at apex. Hind tibia with 6 external spines. Hind femur reaching to middle of segment 2. Wings reaching to middle of segment 6. A low hairy prominence on ventral side of metathorax. Segment 3 with a low spine at anterior ventral angle of side. Penis (fig. 85) two-horned as in /schnura but without the pair of erect spines on the ventral side of the penultimate segment. The fleshy tips but two-thirds as long as in gemina. Segment 10 with a raised forked process on the middorsal apex. Appendages of segment 10 figs, 89-91) similar to those of gemina with the following differences: The external branch of the superiors wanting; the inferior-external branch of the inferiors developed into a short upturned hook; the dorso-lateral branch of the inferiors very short. In denticollis the inferiors project beyond the superiors. In gemina (fig. 95) the infe- rior branch of the superior falls anterior to the superior process of the inferior. Female, structure.—Similar to that of male except as follows: Pro- thorax with the dorsum of the middle lobe with a pair of low conical protuberances or horns. The posterior lobe rounded and moderately developed. (The only female with which denticollis might be con- fused is that of damula, which has the same two horns but the pos- terior lobe is reduced to a large tubercle projecting caudad.) (See figs. 63, A-B.) (Mesotigmal laminae, fig. 88.) Anterior femora with but two internal spines, one at base and one at apex. Posterior femora reaching to middle of segment 2. Wings reaching to base of segment 7. Segment 10 half as long as 9; appen- dages two-thirds length of 10. Segment 8 with minute spine. Genital valve reaching to apex of 10, and minutely serrate along its ventral margin. Palp two-thirds length of 10. 1 Calvert has shown that as many as 80 per cent of the females from a locality may not possess this spine. Biol. Cent. Amer., Neur., pp. 126, 387. > No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 508 Male, color.—Labrum pale, nasus pale, edged above with black, postclypeus black. Genae, bases of mandibles and anterior surface of frons greenish blue. Vertex black. Postocular spots small, pure blue, not connected, and not confluent with the blue of the rear of the head, Eyes greenish below, abruptly black above. Rear of head blue, * with a large, central, black spot. (See fig. 56.) Prothorax shining greenish black, except anterior lobe, pale, and lower half of side, pale blue. Coxa blue. Mesothorax and metathorax greenish blue, with the anterior surface black, this extending caudad along the sides to halfway between the humeral and first lateral sutures. Mesinfraepisternum blue, its upper third black. Second lateral suture narrowly black, this widening above into a narrow elliptical spot. Coxae blue with a black spot. Legs: Trochanters and femora black with a broad blue stripe on the interior side; tibiae greenish with an external black stripe; feet pale. Stigmas of front wings black with white apices; hind wings brown with white apices. : Abdomen shining black, except as follows: Side of segments 1, 2, the anterior two-thirds of side of 3, sides of 8-10, blue. Also apex of 2 blue; a trifoliate pure blue spot on apex of dorsum of 8, as well as the dorsum of 9 blue. Sides of segments 4-7 yellow. Segments 3-7 with a narrow, pale, basal ring, interrupted middorsally. Inter- segmental membranes of segments 8-10 pale. Female, usual adult color—Labrum greenish, edged above with black; nasus, base of mandibles, genae and anterior surface of frons bluish green; postclypeus and vertex black. Postocular spots moderate, blue, and confluent with the greenish blue of the rear of the head. Eyes greenish below, with a black cap, sharply demarked by a horizontal line. (See figs. 57-58.) Prothorax bluish green on the sides, its dorsum black, except the anterior lobe and the two horns, usually pale. Mesothorax and metathorax blue, except for the following black markings: A broad middorsal stripe occupying half of the mesepis- ternum on either side, a narrow humeral stripe and narrow stripes on the upper fourth of the first and second lateral sutures. Legs greenish with the femur broadly black above and the tibia with an external black stripe; feet pale. Pterostigmas brown. Abdomen with entire dorsum black, except a narrow basal pale ring, interrupted middorsally on segments 3-7, and the intersegmental membranes of segments 1-2 and 7-10, which are blue. Sides of seg- ments 1, 2, and 8-10 blue, of 3-7 yellow. The female of this species from the teneral to the senile color passes through several remarkable color stages, and is dimorphic and possi- bly trimorphic in color. The large series of females collected at Cal- istoga, California, June, 1914, were studied as to their color patterns 504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. with the following results, which are transcribed from notes taken at the time. Color No. I, teneral on emerging. Face pale luteous, the vertex and dorsal surface of frons dark gray; postocular spots large, broadly connected and of the same luteous tint as the rear of the head. Eyes pale green, with no dark cap. Thorax pale luteous (straw color), with broad middorsal and nar- row humeral stripes, which are dark gray. Legs straw color, with a faint external dark stripe on the tibia; feet greenish. Fia. 62, A AND B.—CELAENURA GEMINA, FEMALE PROTHORAX. Fias. 63-69.—CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS. 63, A AND B. FEMALE PROTHORAX. 64-69. NyMPH. 66. MEN- TUM. 67. MENTAL LOBE. 68, SEGMENT 9 OF FEMALE. 69. CAUDAL GILL. Abdomen with sides straw colored and dorsum gray, except a broad straw dorsal spot on segments 8 and 9, this spot interrupted on base of 9 in some females. This extreme teneral phase rapidly changes into the following: Color No. II. Black pattern as in No. I, but face, postocular spots, sides of thorax, legs, sides of 1 and 2 and dorsum of 8 and 9 pink. This changes into: Color No. III. Black pattern as in Nos. I and II; pale colors as in No. II, but postocular spots reddish, sides of 3-7 yellow; dorsum of 8 and 9 blue. This changes to: + no. 2192, DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 505 Color No. IV. Postocular spots blue, legs still pink; thorax, sides of 1 and 2 and dorsum of 8 and 9 blue. Sides of 3-7 yellow. In this stage the postocular spots have become disconnected and much reduced in size. The eyes previous to this stage have been pale green, lighter below, but now the black cap is sharply indicated. The black humeral line has become broader; the external line on the tibia is heavier and an external line is appearing on the femur. This changes into: Color No. V. This is close to the ‘‘adult”’ stage described first. In this final stage the postocular spots are becoming obscured by smoky, the humeral line has widened until it has obliterated the pale ante- humeral line, the blue spots on dorsum of 8 and 9 have been replaced by black and the femora have become broadly black above. This final stage seems to be dimorphic, as some old females have the pale areas green and some pure blue. Among the 75 Calistoga females I saw but two green females. Dr. Calvert 1 described a yellow form of the female of this species. As he had dried material only, it is possible that his yellow form is the same as this green form with the blue factor of the green faded. Some agrionines, greenish blue in life, fade to yellow in dried material. Nymph.—Described from a male nymph (alcoholic) collected at Calistoga, California, June, 1914. Deposited in the United States National Museum. Abdomen (exclusive of gills), 6 mm.; gills, 5.5; hind femur, 3; head, 3 mm. wide. Nymph (see figs. 64-69) of the usual ischnuran form with wide flat head, short abdomen, long legs and acuminate gills. Antenna seven jointed. Labium with four mental setae on each side and a row of five setae on the lateral lobe. Wings reaching to the middle of segment 4. Hind femora reaching to middle of segment 4. The abdomen tapering regularly to apex, with a well-defined lateral keel on segments 1-8. Genital valves of female reaching to beyond apex of 10; the ventral edge with two small spines and several long hairs. Gills widening to the apical two-fifths, whence they taper to an acu- minate point. The inferior edge of the gill is straight from the base with but slight taper for the first third, when the widening of the gill increases rapidly to the apical two-fifths, as stated previously. This first straight third of the interior edge is heavily spiculed while the remaining portions of the superior and inferior edges are smooth, except 8 widely spaced spicules on the base of the dorsal edge (see fig. 69). The colors in this nymph were inconspicuous. This peculiar re- striction of the spicules to the base of the gills distinguishes this nymph from those of Jschnura cervula and I. perparva, in both of which both edges of the gills are spiculate to beyond the middle. In both 1 Biol. Cent. Amer., Neur., p. 127. 506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 52. Fias. 70-81.—ISCHNURA PENES. 70. I. PERPARVA. 71. I. DEMORSA. 72. I. YERTICALIS. 73. I. DAMULA. 74. I. ERRATICA. 75. 1. RAMBURIT CREDULA. 76. I. KELLICOTTI. 77. I. BARBERI. 78. I. ELEGANS. 79. I. CERVULA. 80. I. PosITA. 81. I. PUMILIO (GENOTYPE). Fic. 82.—CERATURA CAPRIOLA, PENIS. Fias. 83-84.—NEHALENNIA IRENE, PENIS. Figs. 85-91.—CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS. 85. PENIS. 86-87. WINGS. 88. FEMALE, MESOSTIGMAL LAMI- NAE. 89-91. MALE, SEGMENT 10. Fias. 92-96.—CELAENURA GEMINA. 92. PENIS. 93. FEMALE, MESOSTIGMAL LAMINAE. 94-96, MALE, SEGMENT 10. ¥ no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 507 of these the spiculation weakens gradually caudad, while in this denti- collis nymph it is strong and ends abruptly at the apical end of the straight basal section of the inferior edge. 7. A NEW GENUS BASED ON TACHOPTERYX HAGENT. While labeling the dragonflies in the collection of the California Academy of Science it was my good fortune to find a pair of the very rare Tachopteryx hagent Selys. With the permission of the director, Dr. Barton W. Evermann, I had the privilege of bringing these specimens to Stanford, where I was able to make a careful study of them. Tachopteryz Selys is, perhaps, the most primitive genus of living anisopterous dragonflies in North America. Only three species are known: Tachopteryx pryert Selys from Japan, Tachopteryx thoreyr (Hagen) from the Alleghanies of eastern North America, and T'achop- teryz hageni Selys, which was described in 1879 from a single male specimen collected in ‘‘Nevada”’ and now in the Selys collection in Brussels. In September I had the privilege of working in Mr. Williamson’s collection at Bluffton, where studies of thoreyz were made. Through the kindness of Mr. Williamson and Doctor Ris I was enabled to get into touch with MM. Severin and Meuninger, who have forwarded photos and drawings of pryeri. At about the time of the arrival of these figures my attention was called by Doctor Calvert to three very fine specimens of pryeri in his collection in the Philadelphia Academy of Science. These I had the privilege of studying while working in this collection recently. Further, Mr. Williamson has loaned me the original of his published drawing of the nymph of thoreyt. From my study and comparison of this data I believe that the two species hageni and pryeri should be placed in a genus distinct from Tachopteryx thoreyi, as the latter shows structural characters and a higher development of the venation which separate it from hageni and pryert. TANYPTERYX, new genus. Of the Petalurinae. Eyes widely separated, labium with median lobe cleft. Whip of antenna jointed. The internal triangle of the front wings three celled, its sides subequal. Superior appendages of the male only moderately dilated. A large hairy tubercle on the ventral side of the metathorax. Color largely black. Wings with normally a more reduced venation than in Tachop- teryx thoreyi. The third, fourth, or rarely fifth antenodal developed as a brace vein. The anal loop with two to four cells. (This varies in some wings, for the female hageni in Philadelphia has five in one 508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. wing and the female pryert in the same collection has six in the left and seven in the right hind wing.) Anal vein of hind wings with four to six branches. (See figs. 126-129.) Type of the genus.—Tachopteryx hageni Selys. This genus con- tains also T’achopteryx pryert Selys of Japan. The name proposed is from the Greek: ravurrepvé =swift-winged. The erection of this genus leaves in Tachopteryx Selys only the species thoreyi, which occurs in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States. The genus Tachopteryz may then be described in its restricted sense as follows: TACHOPTERYX Selys, restricted. Of the Petalurinae. Eyes widely separated. Labium with median lobe cleft. Whip of antenna jointed. The internal triangle of the front wings three celled, its sides subequal. Superior appendages of the male only moderately dilated. No large tubercle on ventral side of metathorax. Color largely yellowish olive. Wings with a richer venation than in Tanypteryx. The sixth or seventh antenodal developed as a brace vein. The anal loop with five to seven cells. The anal vein of hind wings with six to eight branches. (See figs. 130-132.) Type of the genus.—Tachopteryz thoreyi Selys. TANYPTERYX HAGENI (Selys). Tanypteryx hageni has not been recorded since the original specimen was described by Selys. The two specimens in the California Academy of Science collection were taken by Prof. E. C. Van Dyke, at Monroe, Washington, in July, 1915. The eastern Tachopteryx thoreyi inhabits mountain swamps and bogs. As Monroe, Washington, is on the west side of the Cascades where there is a very long rainy season, probably Yanypteryx inhabits similar situations there, and with a step further one can infer that the type-specimen collected in ‘‘Nevada”’ came from some high mountain swamp. A teneral female of Tanypteryx hageni is preserved in the Phila- delphia Academy of Science. This was collected in California, proba- bly by. Behrens, in Shasta County. One other specimen is in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. This is from Reno, Nevada, col- lected by Morrison in 1878. The following is a description of the two specimens in the Museum of the California Academy of Science: Color of male.-—Face dark brown except a yellow spot at base of each mandible (the ‘‘dark brown”’ of this species approaches black, only a close examination showing that it is not true black). Frons yellow, excepting a small brown area on each side below and a nar- row brown band across its posterior edge. Vertex dark brown. . no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 509 114 \ So ii 110 Figs. 97-105.—TANYPTERYX HAGENI. 97-98. COLOR PATTERN. 99. LapiuM. 100. METATHORACIC TU- BERCLE. 101-103. MALE, APPENDAGES. 104. FEMALE, SEGMENTS 9 AND 10. 105. PENIS. Fias. 106-114.—TANYPTERYX PRYERI. 106-107. COLOR PATTERN. 108. METATHORACIC TUBERCLE. 109. PEnis, 110. HAMULES. 111. SEGMENTS 9 AND 10 OF FEMALE. 112-114. MALE, APPENDAGES. 510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. Occiput brown with twin yellow spots on its posterior surface. The posterior surface of the head black. Labium pale brown. (See fig.97.) Prothorax dark brown with a pale yellow spot on each side of the posterior lobe and a pair of minute yellow spots just posterior to the anterior lobe, also a yellow spot on each coxa and a smaller spot just above each coxa. Front legs black with a yellow stripe occupying the middle two-fourths of the ventral (internal) face of the femur. Mesothorax and metathorax dark brown with the following yellow spots: A triangular spot on the lower half of each mesepisternum, a minute spot above this just below the antealar sinus, a second minute spot in the antealar sinus. The sides of the thorax with four large spots arranged in pairs obliquely; the anterior pair on the mesepimeron, one in the lower anterior angle and its mate in the upper posterior angle with a third and minute spot in the upper anterior angle. The posterior pair of lateral spots are on the met- epimeron, the lower spot in the center of the lower end and the upper in the center of the upper end. Also a minute spot in the upper end of the metepisternum. Coxae and middle and hind legs black. Wings with a brownish tinge. Abdomen black with orange markings. Segment 1 with a brown transverse dorsal band on its apex. Segment 2 with an anterior S-shaped spot on each side and a minute spot on each side of the apical end. Segment 3 with a wide V-shaped anterior spot on each side fol- lowed by a minute spot just posterior to the vertical carina. Seg- ments 4 and 5 with the V spot broken into a minute anterior arm and a large posterior arm which lies just anterior to the vertical carina. A small dorsal spot just posterior to the vertical carina and a small latero-apical spot. Segments 6 and 7 marked as are 5 and 6, except that the latero-apical spot is wanting on both segments and the minute anterior spot is wanting on 7. Segment 8 with only a large antero-lateral spot representing the posterior arm of the V in the anterior segments. Segments 9 and 10 black, but the intersegmental membrane of 89-10 pale brown. Appendages black. Color of female.—Female colored as in the male, except that the V spots of the male abdomen are represented on segments 2 to 7 by a rectangle of orange occupying almost the entire space from the an- terior end of the segment to the vertical carina and from the middorsal line to the middle of the side. Segments 2-4 each with a pair of minute dorsal spots just posterior to the vertical carinas, and a latero- apical spot on each side. Segments 8-10 black, except the interseg- mental membranes of 7-10, which are pale brown. (See fig. 98.) Male abdomen, 44 mm.; hind wing, 34. Female abdomen, 42 mm.; hind wing, 36. Structurally this species is characterized by its small size, the hairy tubercle on the ventral side of the metathorax, the superior appen- x No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 511 dages of the male with three minute teeth along their lower edge, the inferior appendage with a large midapical lobe and lacking the pair of superior basal hooks found in thoreyi and pryert. The stylus in the female is placed at the apex of the genital valve. (See figs. 99-105.) TANYPTERYX PRYERI (Selys). This interesting species is found in Japan, and like a number of other species finds its nearest relative on the Pacific slope of North America. The wings reproduced in the accompanying illustrations (figs. 124-125) are traced from photographs made in Brussels, while the remainder of the illustrations of pryert are from the specimens in the Philadelphia Academy of Science. The following is a description of these specimens. Color of male.—Black and yellow with the general appearance of vagent. Labium black. Face black, except a small yellow spot on base of mandible. Frons yellow, except on its posterior edge. The yel- low of the frons extends down in front over the dorsal fourth of the middle two-fourths of the nasus. Vertex black. Occiput black on the anterior surface, yellow on the posterior surface.. Posterior sur- face of head black. (See fig. 106.) Prothorax large, black, except its anterior lobe yellow, and a large yellow oval on each side of the posterior lobe. Mesothorax and metathorax black, with the dorsal or inner half of each mesepisternum yellow as are also the anterior alar fossae. no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 518 almost to the lower edge of the side. The lateral apical wedge in the male represented by a broad lateral stripe extending from the vertical carina to the apex of the segment. Segments 3-8 as in the male. Segments 9 and 10 black, as are the appendages. The measurements of the three Philadelphia specimens are as fol- lows: No. 1, male, abdomen (incl. app.), 49 mm.; hind wing, 42. No. 2, male, abdomen (incl. app.), 53 mm.; hind wing, 43. No. 3, female, abdomen (incl. app.), 51 mm.; hind wing, 47. Structurally this species is characterized by the following: A large hairy tubercle (fig. 108) on the ventral side of the metathorax, the male superior appendages with a low tubercle about midway of the edge, the inferior appendage with its lobes acute, widely spreading, but with merely a suggestion of a median terminal lobe (figs. 112-114.) (See also figs. 109-110, penis and hamules.) Female with the stylus of the genital valve arising below the apex (see fig. 111). TACHOPTERYX THOREYI Selys. The following summary of the habits of this species is from Mr. Williamson’s published paper on the subject. On June 4, 1900, Mr. D. A. Atkinson collected the only known nymph of this species in a boggy spot near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In the boggy spot, where the nymph was collected, at that time the only surface water was retained in small depressions, such as the tracks of cattle, among the roots of sedges and grasses. On July 15, 1900, Mr. J. L. Graf observed a female oviposit- ing in this same swale. She alighted among the dense grasses and placed the eggs among the roots or in wet decaying vegetable matter above the surface of the water. She would raise or lower her abdomen 8 or 10 times in one place, then fly to another spot. On June 23, 1900, Mr. Graf discovered another female ovipositing. A mere thread of water flowed from several small springs. The bed of this small stream was composed of cinders and sand. The dragon fly alighted in the grass near this stream and placed her eggs in a small depression in the cinders. This depression con- tained not more than a tablespoonful of water. Into this small basin she thrust her abdomen a number of times at the rate of 15 or 20 times a minute.! This same paper gives a very detailed description of the nymph mentioned previously. Mr. Williamson very kindly loaned me his drawing, which I have reproduced as figure 121. In its heavy awkward shape the nymph is perhaps adapted to slow but powerful movements in bogs and mud. It is peculiar in its labium with the cleft median lobe and in the primitive, unspecialized form of the antenna (see figs. 122-123). Prof. J.G. Needham? writes that this species has been taken from Massachusetts to Florida and Texas. 1Ent. News, vol. 12, 1901, pp. 1-3. 3 Bull. 47, N. Y. State Mus., 1901, p. 472. 65008 °—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——33 514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 52. The following is a description of the color of thoreyi: Male.—Labrum luteous, edged above and below with black, that above connecting with a circular median spot on the center of the eee U co eee 7 cht AAAS Ee A POS ee PEN Oe Se Ay Ty] n a pe aS Ce a SS aS ia Si OR ey (} v? U AS [LI PROS Se Kat) ON SRN ss LU EDS aS 0 Figs. 126-129.—TanypTERYx HAGENI, WINGS. Fies. 130-132.—T acHopreryx THOREYI, WINGS. labrum. Nasus black. Frons yellow, except the posterior edge of its horizontal surface which is edged with black. Vertex black. no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 515 Occiput yellow with a black band along its posterior edge. Posterior surface of head black. (See fig. 115.) Prothorax black, its anterior and posterior lobes yellow. Proin- fraepisternum pale. Mesothorax and metathorax olive brown with dark brown, ob- scurely edged markings. Middorsal carina black. All alar ridges black. A broad band on humeral suture, a similar broad band on second lateral suture, and a third on the metasternal keel brown. Infraepisterna yellow. All coxae and legs black. Abdomen with segment 1 pale. Segment 2 yellow, with four dorsal black spots and a spot on each side posterior to the auricle. Segment 3 yellow, with the lower edge of the side black and two tandem, lozenge-shaped, black spots on the middorsal line. Segments 4 and 5 similar to 3 but with the posterior of the two dorsal spots expanded into a quadrilateral spot covering the entire dorsum posterior to the vertical carinae except a narrow band across the apex of the segment.. Segments 6 and 7 similar to 4 and 5 except in the greater extent of the post-dorsal spot which connects at its apex on each side with the black of the lower edge of the segment. Segment 8 black except for a row of three small yellow sols on the upper part of each side. Segment 9 with an irregular anterodorsal spot. Segment 10 and appendages black. Female.—Colored as the male but the black slightly more exten- sive (see fig. 116). The upper end of the mesinfraepisternum black. The anterior edge and dorsum of segment 1 dark. The four dorsal spots on segment 2 and the lateral spot of the same segment larger. The postdorsal spot in segments 3 to 7 covering the entire dorsum posterior to the vertical carinae. Segment 9 as well as 10 entirely black. Measurements: Male abdomen (incl. appendages), 55 mm.; hind wing, 50. Female abdomen, 57 mm.; hind wing, 50. Structurally this species is peculiar in lacking the metathoracic tubercle found in Tanypteryz. In the male the superior appendage has a minute tooth on the middle of its inferior edge. The inferior appendage is without a median terminal lobe and has a pair of supe- rior basal hooks. In the female the stylus is placed subapically on the genital valve. (See figs. 117-120.) 8. NOTES ON CORDULEGASTER DORSALIS AND C. DIADEMA. The nine species of Cordulegaster known from North America are recorded from mountainous regions, though two are found also in the hillier areas of the northern Mississippi Valley. Six of these species occur in the Appalachians. Two are found in the mountains 516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. of the Pacific slope while one other is recorded so far only from Mexico and Central America. The western species are 0. dorsalis Hagen and C. diadema Selys. Dorsalis occurs in the coast mountains from Sitka, Alaska, south to the San Gabriel Mountains at Los An- geles, California. It is found up to an elevation of 4,000 feet on the west slope of the Sierras in California but has never been recorded from the eastern side of these mountains. Diadema is recorded from the mountains of Arizona and northern Mexico. My records for Cordulegaster dorsalis are as follows: Stevens Creek, Santa Clara County, California, May 31, a single fresh exuvia and several grown nymphs were collected but no imagoes were seen; July 7, eight males were observed; August 16, three males and one female were caught, the latter while ovipositing. Zyante Creek, Santa Cruz County, California, July 9, numerous exuviae were found but no adults were seen. Napa Asylum Grounds, Napa County, California, June 8-9, six males were taken on a small mountain stream flowing from the Hospital reservoir; no females were seen. In Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, jr.’s, collection is a male taken on the Arroyo Seco at Pasadena, California, June 29, 1910. The following records are from the west slope of the main Sierra Chain: On the American River at Auburn, Placer County, California, July 20, a single male was seen repeatedly at close range which had probably strayed from one of the small spring-fed side streams. In Bear Valley at Emigrant Gap, Placer County, California, a single male was taken July 21; two others were seen. This was at an ele- vation of 4,000 feet, the highest elevation at which this species is recorded, and is also the most eastern record, though it is still on the west slope of the Sierras. Much that I shall write concerning Cordulegaster dorsalis will be almost a repetition of that concerning Octogomphus, as the habits and distribution of these in California are in many ways similar. As far as I have observed, C. dorsalis is found usually on those swift mountain torrents which do not freeze in the winter time. There may be exceptions to this, as I took this species at an eleva- tion of 4,000 feet in Bear Valley (Emigrant Gap, California), where there-is a heavy winter snowfall and probably the streams freeze, though many of them are fed by numerous springs which may moderate their temperature. In the Coast Mountains of California, where it appears to reach its greatest numbers, it is found in the swift upper reaches of all the perennial streams. Here it is associated with Octogomphus specularis, Aeshna walkeri,! and Argia vivida, the last breeding in the springs of the mountain gorges. I have never seen or taken Cordulegaster, except in the steep canyons of the moun- tains. It does not occur on the lower reaches of these same streams after they have emerged onto the level valley floors and have lost their 1 See pages 588-592. » no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 51% swiftness to become warm and muddy. In the steep and narrow mountain gorges where the rushing torrents pour down through the shade of the redwoods and alders, this dragonfly adds a note of mys- tery to the scene, for the individuals with their strange ophidian coloration glide noiselessly up stream or down, never showing that curiosity toward strangers or unusual surroundings which is exhibited by the libellulines of the sunny valleys, but always moving straight ahead as though drawn irresistibly onward. Only males are common on the streams, the females seldom resorting to the water except to oviposit. The males, as indicated above, fly on the longest beats I have observed for any dragonfly, for they fly continuously up stream or down until they come to the head of the stream or to the slow water below, or until some unusual obstruction turns them aside, when they face about and fly as steadily in the opposite direction. The course is usually a foot or two above the surface of the stream and goes through dense shade and any loose brush or foliage which may hang over the water. Octogomphus, with the possible exception of Aeshna walkert, is the only other western dragonfly which will fly in such close dark places. Because of this habit of flying in long beats this dragonfly is not easily taken, as the collector has but a single chance at each individual. I have seen but one female over the water. This one was oviposit- ing. I have seen two others which I thought were females on the mountain side several hundred feet above the stream. As I have seen many males on the streams and only the single female, I conclude that these seldom resort to the water except to oviposit. In the streams of the Coast Mountains of California, where I have had opportunity to observe the habits of Cordulegaster most, it shows a marked upstream migration of the imagoes. The eggs are laid in the shallow water along the edges of the stream and the nymphs wander aimlessly over the bed. Because the nymphs are free on the stream bottom each freshet during the three or four years of nymphal life serves to wash them farther down stream so that when they come to emerge they may be far downstream from the place where the eggs were deposited. On Stevens Creek (Santa Clara County, California) exuviae were abundant almost down to the Trout Farm, while few ima- goes were seen below Soda Spring, which is 2 miles farther up the creek, and imagoes were common on the divide at the head of the creek, where few exuviae were found. Exuviae were abundant on the lower part of Zyante Creek (Santa Cruz County, California), where no adults were seen, though it was at the height of the Cordulegaster season. From the above and similar observations on Octogomphus, I have concluded that the imagoes show such a preference for the swifter water of the upper reaches of these streams that when they reach the upper part of the stream in their first flights they remain 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52, ee eee there. This, then, would appear as a general migration of the imagoes upstream. 136. pa pescsnnasiaee Fics. 133-137.—CORDULEGASTER DIADEMA. 133-134. COLOR PATTERN. 135. SEGMENT 10 OF MALE. 136. FORE LEG OF MALE. 137. SEGMENTS 9 AND 10 OF FEMALE. FIGS. 138-143.—CORDULEGASTER DORSALIS. 138-129. COLOR PATTERN. 140. PENIS AND HAMULES. 141. SEGMENT 10 OF MALE. 142. SEGMENTS 9 AND 10 OF FEMALE. 143. Eqas. I have never observed copulation in this species, but in the matter of oviposition I was more fortunate. August 16, on Stevens Creek, * no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 519 NE RnEe Uaete sa wun en 2 Ss ee I saw a female oviposit and a chance acquaintance described to me the manner of oviposition of another female that agreed with my own observations, which are as follows: The female flew hurriedly up the creek and every few yards stopped and with a sudden backing or downward stroke, while hovering with the body in a perpendicular position, stabbed her large ovipositor into the coarse sand along the stream edge where the water was about 1 inch deep. She thus thrust her abdomen down through the inch of water driving her ovipositor into the sand beneath. Four to ten such perpendicular thrusts were made at each stop. Some stops were along the open beaches, but more were in quiet nooks between large rocks where she would have barely room enough for her wing expanse. She usually faced the center of the stream while ovipositing, though once she faced upstream and once toward the bank. The peculiar perpendicular position with the up and down motion reminded me strongly of the manner of it LI | § 144 Fic. 144.—VULVAR LAMINA AND OVIPOSITORS (FROM RIs) IN: A. SYMPETRUM FREQUENS. B. SYMPETRUM MATUTINUM. C. SYMPETRUM EROTICUM, VENTRAL Virw. D. SAME, LATERAL VIEW. E, SYMPETRUM CORDULEGASTER. F. URACIS OVIPOSITRIX. oviposition of some crane flies, except that the latter oviposit in damp soil and support themselves on their slender legs while making the vertical thrusts. Figure 146 shows the position of the female while ovipositing. This large shovel-shaped ovipositor is found in few species of Odo- nata. It is characteristic of the subfamily Cordulegasterinae and is found in a few species of the Libellulinae. This is the third of those species which have this style of ovipositor, in which oviposition has been observed. After the matter had puzzled naturalists for many years, oviposition was first observed for the European Cordulegaster annulatus Latreille by Ris, who described it as follows: * Cordulegaster (annulatus), when ovipositing, flew vertically. It thrust the hinder- most pointed part of the abdomen vertically in the crumbled limestone deposit on the bottom of the very shallow water. 1 Ent. News, vol. 16, 1905, p. 113. 520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52, | SS | a —) 1 Si) Te 7D Figs. 145-146.—CORDULEGASTER DORSALIS. 145, A. NYMPH WITH PROTECTIVE COAT OF ALGAE. 145, B. EXUVIA. 146. FEMALE OVIPOSITING IN STREAM BED. x no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 521 Later Williamson observed Cordulegaster maculatus Selys of the eastern United States while in the act of ovipositing, which he de- scribed as follows: ! Cordulegaster maculatus was observed to fly down from trees, alighting on algae- covered rocks in the stream bed. On portions of these rocks not covered with water they crawled about in an awkward, almost crippled manner, thrusting their abdomen with much commotion into the algae beneath the water. An interesting summary of our knowledge of oviposition in Cordu- legaster is given by Dr. C. Wesenberg-Lund in Odonaten-Studien.? It is interesting to note that this very special form of ovipositor may not be of any great systematic significance. It occurs in all of the few cordulegasterine Odonata known. It is found in the libel- luline genus Uracis (see fig. 144, F, Uracis ovipositriz Calvert), the sev- eral species of which occur in South America and have habits of ovi- position similar to those of Cordulegaster except that they oviposit in the mud about the water. More strange yet is the fact that a single species of the large genus Sympetrum of the North Temperate Zone has this same highly specialized ovipositor. This species, Sympetrum cordulegaster (Selys) (see fig. 144, E), occurs in northeast Asia and nothing is known of its habits. While the majority of the Sympe- trums have no ovipositor and oviposit by washing the eggs from the tip of the abdomen, one or two Asiatic species have extraordinarily long vulvar laminae and form a sort of connecting series between the numerous species of Sympetrum with no laminae or very small ones and this freak species, Sympetrum cordulegaster (Selys), with the vul- var laminae longest and united into a monster ovipositor (see fig. 144, E), Sympetrum frequens (Selys), with small vulvar laminae (fig. 144, A) and Sympetrum eroticum (Selys), from Japan, with very large vulvar laminae but these not united into an ovipositor (fig. 144, C and D). Figure 144, B, is Sympetrum matutinum Ris, an intermediate form. These widely scattered cases of this special form of ovipositor are an excellent example of convergent evolution. As neither of the western species of Cordulegaster has been well figured, I have shown in the figures some of the peculiarities of struc- ture and have represented the color patterns diagrammatically. Diadema is slightly larger than dorsalis. A male and female of dia- dema measure as follows: Male, abdomen, 64 mm., hind wing, 48; female, abdomen, 65 mm., hind wing, 55. Male and female of dorsalis measure as follows: Male, abdomen, 55 mm., hind wing, 44; female, abdomen, 57 mm., hind wing, 45. As is shown in the figures 135, diadema, and 141, dorsalis, the appendageson segment 10 of themale do not differ noticeably. Figure 136 shows the peculiar armature of the tibia in diadema which does not differ from thatin dorsalis. Figure 140 shows the organs ofsegment 2 of the male dorsalis, which are very simi- 1 Ohio Nat., vol. 7, 1907, p. 144. 2 Mitthl. biol. Stisswasserlab. Halleréd (Denmark), No. 16, p. 187. 522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. lar to those of diadema. These are characterized by the very large swollen head of the penis and by the thin shell-like anterior hamules. Figure 143 shows the eggs of dorsalis drawn to the same scale as the abdominal segments 9 and 10, figure 142. Figures 137, diadema, and 142, dorsalis, show the ovipositors of the females. The ovipositor con- sists of alargeventral ovipositor proper which arisesfrom the eighth seg- ment and inthenymphisdividedlongitudinally. This may be homolo- gous to the ovipositor in the Aeshninae. In the concave dorsal sur- face of this lie a pair of slender organs which in the nymph arise from the ventral surface of segment 9. These in diadema do not extend caudad beyond the apices of the appendages of segment 10, but in dorsalis are much longer. These, because they arise from segment 9, may be homologous to the genital valves of the aeshnine dragonflies, though their position in the imagoes is just the reverse of these parts in the Aeshninae. In color the two species are similar. The general color in tenerals is chocolate brown which, in age, may become almost black. The mark- ings are pure yellow. The frons in diadema is black with a yellow oval on its dorsal surface while in dorsalis it is yeHow with a dark band across its anterior face. The markings of the abdomen in diadema are characterized by the yellow oblique rings on segments 3 to 8, and in dorsalis by the subcircular dorsal spots on segments 2 to 7. The eyes in dorsalis are gray. (See figs. 133-134 and 138-139.) The nymphs of Cordulegaster are short-legged, slow-moving crea- tures and are usually abundant in the streams of the Coast Mountains. They occur with Octogomphus nymphs in the leafy trash of the eddies, but are also found crawling slowly about over the bed of the stream. Their very slow and apparently cautious movements do not betray them, and they carry with them further protection in the coat of long hairs which collects dirt and on which flourishes a thick growth of filamentous algae (see fig. 145, A). Because of this covering of dirt and algae the nymph, though on an otherwise barren bottom, will usually escape the closest scrutiny of the collector, for it does not appear any different from a stick or stone covered with dirt and aquatic growths. At emergence, which takes place in June (I found a single exuvia May 31), the nymphs crawl from 1 to 5 feet up the trunk of the nearest alder tree (see fig. 145, B). A male was reared in the laboratory, but the hour of emergence was not ascertained. This species spends four years in the egg and nymphal stages. The following table shows the four sizes of nymphs I collected on Stevens Creek (Santa Clara County, California) during the past sum- mer. The measurement used is the width of the head (eye to eye); 1On Mission Creek, Santa Barbara, California, I found nymphs of dorsalis buried in flocculent silt, as is described by Dr. J. G. Needham (N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 47, 1901, p. 473) for the various eastern species of this genus. no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. * 523 length is unreliable, for some have swollen and some have shrunken in alcohol. Collected. 1918 brood. 1917 brood. | 1916 brood. | 1915 brood. Eggs from 1914 fe- males. 1914 brood. With these differences in size go much more marked differences in structure. minute triangular projections, which are erect and do not overlap. In the 1916 brood they are 2 mm. long, and are no longer erect but overlap three-fourths of their length. In the 1915 brood they are 5 mm. long and assume the adult shape and position. brood they are 9 mm. long. all sizes. segment 8. In the mature nymph or 1914 The sex appears in In the smallest or 1917 brood the fe- males are distinguished by a pair of minute tu- bercles at the posterior edge of the ventrum of In the next size, 1916, these are dis- tinct triangular projections, though very minute, In the 1917 brood or smallest size, the wing pads are A 147 Fic. 147.—DIvIDED MEDIAN TOOTH OF MIDDLE LOBE OF NYMPHALLABIUM (FROM NEEDHAM). LEGASTER DORSALIS. B. CORDULEGASTER DIADE- MA, A. CORDU- while in the next size, 1915, they assume the adult shape but are only half the length of segment 9, while in the adult nymph they are slightly longer than segment 9. apparent, being distinct in the adult stage only. The nymphs of both dorsalis and diadema have been described by Needham? (fig. 147 is copied from Needham’s description and shows the divided median tooth of the middle lobe of the labium in the two species). 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, pp. 696, 697. The male organ on segment 2 is less 524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. 9. NOTES ON PROGOMPHUS BOREALIS, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF ITS NYMPH. This western Progomphus is apparently widely distributed through- out California,’ but during the summer’s collecting I have seen not more than ten or twelve specimens on the wing. Perhaps the expres- sion ‘widely distributed” should be used with some qualification as under it I have included the evidence from the wide distribution of the nymphs, which I have ascribed to this species. These nymphs Fias. 148-154.—PROGOMPHUS BOREALIS. 148. COLOR PATTERN. 149. SEGMENTS 9 AND 10 OF FEMALE. 150-151. SEGMENT 2 OF MALE. 152-154. SEGMENT 10 OF MALE. seem to occur in the drifting beds of all the sand-bottomed streams of central and southern California where there is a permanent flow of water. I have the following records of adults: Chico River, five miles east of Chico, California, several males caught on June 17, 1914; Coyote Creek, San Jose, California, two seen on July 4, 1914. Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, jr., has collected specimens at Los Angeles, May 27, 1900, and on Mount Wilson, August 3, 1904. He has also a record from the Santa Rosa Mountains (Riverside County, California) and a specimen from the San Jacinto Mountains, California, at an elevation of 2,500 feet, this taken June 17, 1908.2. The nymphs associated with this 1 Calvert (Biol. Cent. Amer., p. 151) records borealis from both Oregon and Arizona as well as from west- ern Mexico, where it extends down the west edge of the plateau as far as Uruapan. 2In August, 1915, I found borealis abundant in the Mojave River at Victorville. None were found in the Owens River Valley nor in the Lehontin Basin. Apparently it does not occur immediately east of the Sierras. 3. No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 525 species were common in the American River at Sacramento, Kings River at Readley, the San Joaquin at Friant, and Kern River at Bakersfield, which are all wide, shallow streams with beds of drifting sand. Apparently this species has a long season on the wing as Grinnell’s records are from May to August. On the Chico River the few individuals I saw were flying about a quiet pool at the head of a long rapids and when not in motion were seated on snags in the water or on the gravelly shore. Their habits seemed much like those of Ophiogomphus bison with which they were associated, except that they were much more wary and difficult to capture. Their large size, slender abdomen and peculiar brown thorax readily distinguish them in the field from any other western gomphine. Both the imago and nymph of this slender, graceful species differ widely in structure from any other western gomphine. The anterior hamules in the male are covered by wide laminae on the posterior hamules and the seminal vesicle is invaginated on its anterior face, which makes a deep hollow in which the two long filaments of the penis are coiled when in repose. The inferior appendage of the tenth segment is divided to its base, making a pair of inferior append- ages. (See figs. 150-154.) Tn life Progomphus borealis is noticeable for the reddish brown of the front of the thorax and the yellow abdomen with the large black triangles on segments 3-8. In detail the color is as follows: Male.—Entire face gray but horizontal surface of frons pale brownish ;. vertex dark brown, lighter posterior to the ocelli; occiput gray with brownish tinges; eyes gray. (I find that I have omitted the live eye color in my field notes.) Upper third of postoccipital region dark brown, lower two-thirds creamy with a horizontal brown stripe. (See fig. 148, A.) Thorax with anterior surface pale brown and sides pearly gray. The following markings occur: An obscure reddish brown stripe on each side of the middorsal carina, these stripes wedge shaped, with the wide end below; a wide reddish brown humeral stripe, and anterior to this, separated by a pale line, a second wide stripe, the upper end of which usually connects with the upper end of the wedge stripe next the middorsal carina; a brown spot on the metathoracic spiracle and the second lateral suture brown; legs with coxae pale, femora pale with black apices and a black stripe on the upper and posterior surface of each; tibiae and tarsi black; wings hyaline except a reddish brown fleck at base which, in the costal and sub- costal spaces, does not reach beyond the basal subcostal crossvein. There is no color in the origin of the sectors of the arculus, as occurs in the eastern species, Progomphus obscurus; costa yellow, ptero- stigma jet black. 526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. The abdomen is creamy yellow with the following intense black markings: The upper half of segment 1, an irregular triangular spot on side of segment 2, an approximately triangular spot on the side of each of segments 3-7; the apex of each of these is at the anterior end of the segment, and the two spots on the opposite sides of any segment meet dorsally across the apical end; sides of segments 8-10 heavily mottled with black; superior appendages yellow; inferior black. Female.—Colored as is the male, but the side of segment 2 with two horizontal black stripes and segment 10 largely yellow. (See fig. 148, B; 149.) Five Chico males measure as follows: Abdomen, 42-44 mm.; hind wing, 30. Two females from Los Angeles measure, abdomen, 43 mm., hind wing, 33-34. The nymph of this species is more highly specialized for burrowing than any other odonate nymph with which I am familiar. It is the most frequently occurring form of large insect life found in the sand beds of the rivers of central and southern California. All the rivers of California originate in the mountains as swift, clear streams, but nearly all before reaching the sea have almost level lower courses where they lose their swiftness, become warm and meander over beds of shifting white sands. These sand beds are so unstable that they actually flow with the water though at a much slower rate. Perhaps this needs further explanation. A good example is that of the Kern River at Bakersfield. Above the intake of the irrigating canal in the latter part of summer this river was on an average a foot deep and one hundred feet wide. Its bed was of pure, loose sand. This was formed by the current into sand ripples which faced with their steep slope down stream. The sand was in constant movement as the current carried sand from the upper gradual slope, up over the crest of each ripple to let it drop down the steeper downstream slope. Where there were eddies and turns these sand ripples became waves in size, being frequently six inches to a foot high though they were usually less than 6 inches in height. In such a stream the bottom inch of water is turbid with moving sand. It is in such an unstable environment that Progomphus flourishes. Only once or twice have I actually found nymphs in the flowing streams but in any side channel where the water has ceased to flow the sand bed is marked in all directions by the curving burrows of these wandering nymphs. They burrow in the loose upper stratum of sand and just deep enough to cover the back. Usually the tenth segment protrudes. I have traced burrow tracks that were from ten to fifty feet long. If one arrived at the fresh end of the burrow before some water fowl had found it the nymph would be found spasmodically burrowing forward. These nymphs could burrow as rapidly as the average nymph can walk. Only such vigor and speed > No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 52% could save an insect of this size from being buried in the moving sand. The nymph of Progomphus has been described by Dr. J. G. Need- ham as follows: ! Head depressed, sloping anteriorly, cordate, broadly notched behind; hind angles rounded. Antennae inserted into cylindroid elevations on the front, depressed and incurved so as to almost surround the pilot-shaped labrum: two basal joints very short; third, twice as long as the two basal combined, slightly flattened and upcurved at the tip; fourth joint small, one-third to one-fifth [obscurus] as long as the third, slender and strongly recurved. Labium rather small, reaching, when folded, to the bases of the middle legs; sub- mentum shortened; mentum narrowed at its proximal end, its median lobe promi- nent, rounded, fringed with a row of flabellate scales whose bases are overlaid by another row of shorter semicylindrical scales; beneath this fringe, the margin cut into a series of obscure rectangular teeth; lateral lobes short, nearly straight, unarmed, rounded at apex; movable hook stout, moderately incurved, and tapering. Thorax sloping to the head and to the bases of the legs; prothorax of unusual dimensions on the dorsal side, its hind margin on line with the bases of the hind legs, being extended back upon the other thoracic segments, shield shaped, with a short collar close behind the head. Wing-cases strongly divergent. Legs conspicuously fossorial, fore legs approximate to the sides of the head, bearing shields of stiff hairs behind which the middle legs may be brought forward. Middle legs approximaied on the venter, rotated downward and extended horizontally close under the fore legs. Hind legs longer, more nearly normal, directed posteriorly. Fore tarsi with soles facing laterally; middle tarsi rotated on tibize so as to point backward; hind tarsi elongate, the third segment about as long as both basal segments, its claws sharp and long; claws of fore and middle tarsi short and blunt. Each femur with a distal anterior process which rests against and supports the tibia when moved backward. Abdomen spindle-shaped [obscurus], segments about equal, the ninth a little longer than the others; dorsal hooks variable, rudimentary, more or less well represented on segments 2 to 9 [obscurus]. Lateral spines on 5 to 9 [obscurus], on 5 rather minute. Appendages slender, tapering, superior and inferiors equal, about one third longer than segment 10, laterals about half as long as the others. The preceding description was written for the eastern species, Progomphus obscurus (Rambur). I believe the Pacific coast form to be a distinct species, so it would have to be called Progomphus borealis McLachlan. It differs in the imago in being larger than obscurus and in having a single row of denticles on the inferior side of the male superior appendages (fig. 154). In obscurus, as pointed out by Cal- vert,? the posterior end of this row is double or treble. I have quoted the description of obscurus from Needham and have figured the borealis nymph to show that the differences between the twospecies are more conspicuous in the nymph than in the adult. (See figs. 155-163.) The specific characters of the borealis nymph may be given as follows: Length shorter than that of obscurus nymph and width greater so that the borealis nymph has none of the appearance of extremeslenderness as 1 Needham and Hart., Bull. I. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, art. 1, 1901, pp. 55-56. 2 Biol. Cont. Amer., Neur., p. 149. 528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. free in obscurus.! Fourth segment of antenna nearly one-half as long as third (in obscurus one-third to one-fifth.) Abdomen with lateral Fes. 155-163.—PROGOMPHUS BOREALIS, NYMPH. 157. FIRST LEG. 158. MENTUM, DETAIL. 159. HEAD. 160. MENTUM. 161. SEGMENTS 9 AND 10 OF MALE. 162-163. SEGMENTS 9 AND 10 OF FEMALE. spines on segments 3-9 (in obscurus on 5-9) ; dorsal spines on seg- ments 1-9, those on segments 1-3 large and recurved, the remainder —a 1 Needham and Hart., Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, art. 1, 1901, p. 94, pl. 1, fig. 3. + “yo. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 529 minute (in obscurus on segments 2-9, and only that on segment 2 developed). Length of abdomen, 18 to 20 mm.; width of abdomen, 7; length of hind femur, 4. 10. THE WESTERN SPECIES OF OPHIOGOMPHUS, INCLUDING A NEW SPECIES AND TWO NEW VARIETIES. Ophiogomphus is a genus in which nearly all of the species live on streams or lakes which have gravelly beds or beaches. Because of this preference of Ophiogomphus in the matter of environment nearly all of the species are restricted to either the Appalachian region or to the mountainous portions of the western half of the United States. In Muttkowski’s catalogue six species + are listed from this western region. In my collecting during the past two summers I have taken all these six species except montanus, and phaleratus, which Prof. J. G. Needham described from a single male captured on the Willamette River of Western Oregon.2. The individuals of Ophiogomphus, while apparently emerging in considerable numbers, are scarce and seldom found except on gravel bars or gravelly rapids, which are places usually avoided by collectors. Occasionally the odonatist stumbles onto a place where a single species is very abundant. Severus was abundant on Satus Creek, in Yakima County, Washington. Occi- dentis was abundant in the two acres of sagebrush at the mouth of the Umatilla River in Oregon, and morrisont was common on the north beach of Donner Lake, California. But during the more than three months of actual field work, the most of which was spent on streams, a half dozen specimens of Ophiogomphus after having walked 6 or 7 miles of stream was considered a good days catch. The imagoes of the various species spend the greater part of their time seated on gravel bars from which they fly up at intervals to catch insects or to intercept individuals of their own kind. They are rarely found far from running water. Copulation is a lengthy affair. The male usually captures the female as she flies along the water’s edge on her business of oviposi- tion, when he grasps her head with his feet and then, bending his abdomen forward, grasps her occiput with his claspers while freeing his feet. She in the meantime bends her abdomen forward and copu- lates. After a short nuptial flight the pair settles on some bush and remains in copulation many minutes. In ovipositing the female deposits the eggs in swift water, usually on rapids, where she flies back and forth dipping the tip of her abdomen in the stream. Though the eggs are laid on the shallow rapids, the nymphs during the latter part of their life live in the muddier bottom of the quieter water, for 1 Sequoiarum was described by Miss Butler in Can. Ent., vol. 46, 1914, p.346, but is a synonym of bison. 2 Since arriving at Cornell Uaiversity I have examined the type of phaleratus and find it to bea form of occidentis. 65008 °—Proc.N.M.vol.52—-17——34 530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. the exuviae are usually found along the edges of the deeper pools. Nymphs of severws from Satus Creek, Washington, indicate a three- year period for their life cycle. See pp. 544-549 for nymphs. Mites rarely infest the species of this genus, and as imagoes they have few enemies except the birds which attack them while tenerals. Ophiogomphus morrisont on Donner Lake was seriously attacked by robins while emerging. As with many western species the most serious cause of premature death among imagoes seemed to be the occasional cold rains which come even in desert regions. On Satus Creek I have seen severus practically wiped out for the first day or two after a rain and regaining its numbers only after more had emerged. Very old imagoes show a condition which might be called the “stag- gers.’’ They appear weak or drunk and on alighting will commonly fall over on their sides and regain their feet with difficulty. The following notes cover the species of Ophiogomphus I have taken in California and Nevada. With them I have included Ophiogomphus severus montanus and a new species from Arizona, though neither has been recorded from this territory. Hagen’s reference of severus in Nevada is probably nevadensis. It is probable that severus will be found in the northern part of this area and that the new species, ari- zonicus, will be found in the southern part. The forms listed fall into the following four groups: Females without occipital spines. Group I. a!. Size small (abd., male, 34-36 mm.); humeral suture with a narrow stripe preceded by an oval spot; posterior hamules broadly truncate. b. Pale, “markimes brown: 2225 20a eco. seen een eee severus. bs: Markings black 2 i .oee ee a2. Se ee montanus. a?, A double humeral stripe (the anterior stripe sometimes reduced to an oval spot in nevadensis); posterior hamules pointed. b!. Size small (abd., male, 35-36 mm.); superior appendages of male usually shorter than inferior; markings intense black; hu- meral stripe double, broad and black ......-....... morrisoni. b?. Size larger (abd., male, 37-89 mm.); pale colors ashy; markings re- stricted; lateral stripe widely interrupted on segments 3 and 4; humeral stripe double, but each stripe narrow or the anterior reduced to'an oval spot. 5.21415 toe0' cdi acitometon nevadensis. Females with two occipital spines. Group II. a. Occipital spines short and widely spaced; male with inferior append- age one-half length of superiors; humeral stripe reduced to a line and.axanterior ovalispott..:£. (22 tseic3. no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 548 This species resembles bison in appearance but is less intensely col- ored and does not have the black pruinose infraepisterna, which dis- tinguish bison from the other western species. Abdomen, male, 35-38 mm.; female, 35-36; hind wing, male, 30-31 mm.; female, 33. I found this species emerging in abundance from the Columbia River at Umatilla, Oregon, on July 10, 1913. I have one specimen from the Columbia at Sherman, Oregon, and two from Satus Creek, Yakima County, Washington. The specimens collected in the Sac- ramento basin show a lighter coloration than those from the Columbia Valley, and I have described them separately. One specimen of this dark form from Seattle, Washington, is in Calvert’s collection in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The type of phaleratus Needham which I have examined appears to be this true occidentis. Phaleratus was taken on the Willamette River (a tributary of the Columbia) at Corvallis, Oregon. Figure 211 is of the appendages of a male from Corvallis. OPHIOGCMPHUS OCCIDENTIS CALIFORNICUS, new variety. Type.—Cat. No. 21144, U.S.N.M. no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 568 Apex of hind femui reaching to or beyond auricle, in the male, with only short spines, but in the female with about 15 long spines in the outer two-thirds of each row and 8-10 short spines in the inner third of each row. Long hairs in basal third of femur in both sexes. An- terior hamuli half as long as posterior, slightly dilated upward, then abruptly contracted to a hook which terminates the anterior edge, the tip of the hook pointing caudad. Posterior hamules leaf shaped, the posterior edge thickened, the anterior edge with a subapical point directed cephalad. (Fig. 281.) Seminal vesicle large, black, its anterior surface terminating in two broadly conical projections. Abdominal segments 8 and 9 moderately dilated, inferior edge of 9 two and a half times as long as 10. Superior appendages, when viewed from above, conical, in some specimens terminating in a poorly defined needle point. Viewed from the side, the appendages are slightly convex on the dorsal surface for the anterior two-thirds of their length and slightly concave for the posterior third. A thin ridge or lamina extends along the apical three-fourths to three-fifths on the inner, lower side of each appendage. This appears in the lateral view, but is largely hidden in the view from above. This ridge is as wide as one-third the length of the appendage, being widest in its anterior third, and tapering regularly to the apex of the appendage. Prongs of inferior appendage separated by length of inner edge of either prong; prongs diverging, frequently half the inner edge of either prong visible from above outside the superior appendages. Viewed laterally, upper and lower lines of prong subparallel and the prong terminating in a short tooth pointing dorsad. Viewed from above, the outer line convex in basal two-thirds and straight or slightly concave in distal third; tip rounded. (Figs. 282-285, 294-298.) Vulvar lamina of female broadly V-cleft, the lobes as long as wide, with blunt points. Female appendages as long as10. (See fig. 286.) In both male and female the under surface of the occiput is not visible from above; that is, the posterior edge does not turn up as in Stylurus. This edge in the two females is straight; in the majority of the males a slightly convex curve, lightly indented in the center. (Fig. 287.) Coloration, male.—Labium black with yellow lateral edges; entire face and frons greenish yellow except posterior edge of horizontal surface of frons, which is black, as is the entire vertex; occiput yellow. Byes gray with three yellow spots behind each. (See fig. 288.) Prothorax entirely black, except obscure median dorsal spot, and in some specimens minute upper and lower lateral spots. Mesothorax and metathorax dull grayish olive green, marked with black as follows: Middorsal stripe 1.75 mm. wide, extending from the black antealar sinus to the pale posterior edge of the black mesostigmal lamina; humeral and antehumeral stripes entirely fused into a stripe 2.5 mm. wide; a broad band connecting inferior end of 564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52, humeral stripe with lower end of the broad stripe on the second lateral suture; anterior and ventral edge of metepimeron broadly Figs. 281-289.—GOMPHUS DONNERI. 281. MALE, SEGMENT 2. 282-285. MALE, APPENDAGES. 286. VULVA. 287. FEMALE, OCCIPUT. 288-289. COLOR PATTERN. black. Mesinfraepisternum and metinfraepisternum black above, yellow below. All coxae yellow, each with a black anterior spect. Legs black. Pterostigmas very dark, almost black. . no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 565 Abdomen black, except a broad middorsal band on segments 1 and 2; lower side of 1 green, which is confluent with a large green spot or side of 2 (in some specimens a second and minute spot posterior to auricle). Lateral keel of segments 1-3 yellow. Segments 3-7 each with a narrow middorsal triangular yellow spot extending full length of segments 3 and 4, and successively shorter to the eighth on which it occupies only the anterior fourth. Large anterolateral spot on seg- ment 3, the anterolateral spots on 4-7 bemg reduced to mere points. Basal articulatory membranes of segments 8-10 yellow, all others black. Fics. 290-293, 299-305.—GOMPHUS SOBRINUS. 290-293. MALE, APPENDAGES. 299-305. COLOR VARIATION, Fias. 204-298, 306-308.—GOMPHUS DONNERI. 294-298. MALE, APPENDAGES. 306-308. COLOR VARIATION. which has been reported from Peachland, British Columbia.’ The nymphs from Crooked River (Baker County), Oregon, described by 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, p. 692. 2 41st Report Ent. Soc. Ont., 1909, p. 120. (E M. Walker.) no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 567 Doctor Needham * as confraternus, are close to the nymphs of donneri but are slightly broader. In color this species is characterized and set off from sobrinus by the narrow antehumeral stripes (1 mm.), the solid black humeral stripe, the minute lateral spots on segments 4-7, the usual absence of a dorsal spot on segment 9, and the fact that the lateral spot of segment 9 never quite reaches the lower posterior angle of the seg- ment. (See figs. 306-308.) Structurally the species is characterized by its shorter pterostigma (2.5-3.2 mm.), by its more slender abdomen and by its more blunt superior appendages and slightly lyrate inferior appendage. This species is very close to sobrinus, differing from it in the above characters and in its season. The season of sobrinus is entirely past before this reaches its prime. The difference in altitude would account for part of this, but hardly for so great a difference. And as to the characters above, none of them are constant except that of the extent of the yellow lateral spot of segment 9. In sobrinus it always attains the posterior angle and in donner it never does. Occasional specimens show intergradations in any of the other char- acters, but no single specimen from the valley (sobrinus) or from the lake (donnert) shows a major part of its characters varying toward the other species. To test this I tabulated each specimen of the males of the two species (54 donnert and 50 sobrinus) in regard to the following seven characters: 1, width of pale antehumeral stripe; 2, length of pale mid- humeral stripe; 3, length of stigma of left forewing; 4, extent of lateral spot of segment 9 along the inferior edge of the segment; 5, length of dorsal spot on segment 9; 6, character of superior appen- dages (whether needle pointed sobrinus form or the blunt donneri form or one of three intermediate forms); 7, character of inferior appendage. ‘The table (see p. 568, table A) following shows the varia- tions and the number of specimens showing any given variation. The arrangement of the table brings out the overlapping or intergrading of the various characters. To show the distinctness of the two groups of dragonflies in spite of the intergrading of the various characters, I reduced the measure of each character to its equivalent in a scale of ten, allowing 0 for the extreme donneri form of each character and 10 for the extreme sobrinus form of each character. The equivalents for each character are inserted in the table of variations. Following this (see p. 568, table B) are for example the measure- ments of the first three donnert specimens and following each in the table are inserted the equivalents for that specimen with their sur. +a the end column. 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, p. 691. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 568 era ees a ee Bcc ashes wei Balen se2[bowteh-|ae-ea lone nat Oe e-aelinre Went Smee airs corr onie ees hee |e le lee. et eee AED OH See ee tera Ge (6G ep Ls oni seca OFe 1 Gee ess ee |e ase Ste es pe lee eee meh pe aes | OF lOc eS. whee ol [8 Bao eas “37S, SOL |. Meee (ros olor Soc Pe nn Soe ool e SS |e = oe PL RR Vg pece}.OF pO. 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DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 569 enn enero cn ese ee ee Ee The sum of the equivalents, then, gives the variational standing of the individual. That is, a sobrinus with each character of extreme sobrinus form would total 70 and a donnert with each character 0, rH ror EEE NCH BEEN AEE EEE Bearer HH I a Ty ~ = Lt AAS _y | a frei} es} SISA NY BECCA EEN SHS EE SSCA AEN \ | j Sesto] fuga fifo |g gene eae oN ola) +L ZN TNT no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 571 Mentum translucent, its width one and two-fifths in its length; sides of anterior portion subpa xh rallel and quickly contracted by a short sinu- Fic, 314.—GOMPHUS OLIVACEUS NEVADENSIS, NYMPH. F1q. 316.—GOMPHUS DONNERI, NYMPH. Fic. 315.—GOMPHUS INTRICATUS, NYMPH. ¥1q@. 317._GOMPHUS SOBRINUS, NYMPH. atecurve to the narrower posterior portion, which tapersslightly; width of posterior end one and a half to one and three-fourths times 572 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 52. in that of anterior end; middle lobe convex, with 30-35 bristlelike scales; each lateral lobe with a cresentic tip turned inward at right angles; on the concave edge 3-4 large rounded teeth. Burrowing hooks rudimentary on both first and second tibiae. Wing pads reach- ing segment 4. Abdomen lanceolate, tapering regularly, subcircular in cross section. A dorsal groove on segments 3-7. A minute mid- dorsal spine on apex of segment 9. Lateral hooks on segments 6-9, those on 9 reaching to base of 10. Segments 3-8 subequal; segment 9 one and a half times the length of 8; segment 10 three-fifths length of 8. Appendages equal to 10. (See figures 314 and 318-320.) Length, 388 mm.; abdomen, 26; hind femur, 5.5. Width of head, 6 mm.; abdomen, 7. Described from 6 exuviae collected on the Humbolt River at Golconda, Nevada, August 9, 1914. The river at this point flows through an alkaline, salt-grass flat. As it meanders it undermines the salt grass sod which caves into the edge of the stream in large squares. It was on these sods that the exuviae were found. GOMPHUS SOBRINUS, nymph. A heavy thick-skinned exuvia usually thickly coated with mud because of a dense coat of very short spiny hairs, differing noticeably in this regard from donneri exuviae, which have few hairs and these usually very clean. General shape intermediate, neither short nor slender. Abdomen much less arched than in donnert. It is distin- guished by the following characters: Mentum of labium slightly longer than wide, its posterior edge three-fifths to two-thirds width of anterior edge, its sides instead of being sinuate suddenly con- tracted proximad, making a sharp angle or ‘‘step”’ on either side. (A small percentage of the specimens is intermediate in this mental character, the ‘‘step”’ of the side being more sinuous.) Middle lobe of mentum convex and fringed with about thirty bristle-like scales. Lateral lobes broad at base, tapering regularly to a cres- centic tip, the inner margin of which bears 7-9 low rounded teeth, followed by smaller ones toward the base of the lobe. Well devel- oped burrowing hooks on both first and second tibiae. Wing pads reaching middle of segment 4. Abdomen lanceolate, slightly con- tracted at base of segment 9, only moderately arched, its ventral surface much flatter than in donner. No dorsal groove, but apex of segments 2-7 with a low rounded middorsal tubercle. A minute middorsal tooth, hardly discernible, as it is concealed in a tuft of hairs on apex of segments 2-7, larger on segments 8 and 9. Lateral hooks on segments 6-9, those on segment 9 one-third the length of 10. Segments 2-8 subequal in length. Segment 9 one and a half times the length of 8; segment 10 two-thirds the length of 8. Appendages equal to 10. (See figs. 317 and 326-328.) Length, 38 mm.; abdomen, 26; hind femur, 5.5. Width of head, 6 mm.; abdomen, 7. & . No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES. CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. ote This species differs from donneri in the sides of the mentum being angulated, in the heavier skinned character of the exuvia and in the dense coat of minute, spiny hairs. ey ~ > | | G@ A | ie | 320 333 Figs. 318-320.—GoMPHUS OLIVACEUS NEVADENSIS, NYMPH. 318. MENTUM. 319. MENTAL LOBE. 320. SEGMENTS 8-10. Fics. 321-323.—GompPuus INTRICATUS. Figs. 324-325.—GOMPHUS DONNERI. FIGS, 326-328.—GoMPHUS SOBRINUS. Described from exuviae collected May 31, 1914, on Coyote Creek, San Jose, California, where the exuviae were numerous along the mud banks of the stream. 574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52. GOMPHUS DONNERI, nymph. A light colored, very delicate and thin skinned exuvia, its surface thinly covered with very short, spiny hairs. General shape interme- diate, neither broad nor slender. It is distinguished from other Gomphus nymphs by the following characters: Mentum of labium slightly longer than wide, its posterior edge two- thirds width of anterior edge, its sides slightly sinuate. Its middle lobe convex, with a fringe of about 30 bristlelike scales. Lateral lobes broad at base, tapering regularly to a crescentic tip, the inner margin of which bears about 7 low rounded teeth between which and the base of the lobe are other smaller teeth. Well developed burrow- ing hooks on both the first and second tibiae. Wing pads reaching to or beyond apex of third segment. Abdomen lanceolate, slightly contracted at base of ninth segment, well arched, no sign of a dorsal groove, but apex of segments 2-7 with a low rounded middorsal tubercle terminating caudad in a minute middorsal tooth on apex of segments 2-7, larger on segments 8 and 9. Lateral hooks on seg- ments 6-9, those on 9 one-fourth to one-third the length of segment 10. Segments 2-8 subequal in length; segment 9 one and a half times as long as 8; segment 10 as long as broad and two-thirds length of 8. Appendages as long as segment 10. (See figs. 316 and 324- 325.) Length, 29 mm.; abdomen, 20; hind femur, 6. Width of head, 5 mm.; abdomen, 6.5. Described from 2 male and 1 female exuvia and 6 fragmentary exuviae collected on the west end of Donner Lake, California, July 24, 1914. These were found in the trash of the wave line on the sandy beaches along the northwest point of the lake. 14. NOTES ON OCTOGOMPHUS SPECULARIS AND ITS NYMPH. This graceful dragonfly appears most commonly and in greatest abundance on the perennial torrents of the coast mountains of California. These are streams which never freeze, not even carrying snow water, and which vary in size from trickling spring streams to roaring torrents. The coast mountains are heavily timbered with redwoods and fir on their ocean slopes, but on their eastern side are covered with dense growths of brush except in the deep V-shaped gulches where are found mixtures of redwoods, oaks, alders, and bays. It is in the rushing streams which hurry down through the dense shade of these steep and narrow gorges that Octogomphus is found. Here it is accompanied by only three other dragonflies. Cordulegaster dorsalis and Aeshna walkeri breed with it in the stream and Argia vivida occupies the springs along the lower courses of the torrents. Both Octogomphus and Cordulegaster are confined to the torrential headwaters of the stream but Aeshna walkert and Argia > No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 55 vwida may occur along the stream for some distance after it emerges onto the more level valley floor. Besides occurring on all the streams of the Coast Mountains, Octogomphus is found on the smaller streams of the west slope of the Sierras which are perennial but do not rise high enough in the mountains to carry snow water. From April to August it is abundant on the mountain streams west of Stanford University. On June 8 I found it common on the small streams in the gorge east of the Napa Asylum. This record for Napa County, California, is at present the northernmost record for the Coast Mountains, though it will probably be found as far north as southwestern Oregon, when that region is explored. On June 15 I found numerous exuviae along the banks of the Chico River, where it emerges from the gorge east of the city of Chico. This point, in Butte County, California, is on the west slope of the Sierras and is at present the northernmost record for the species. My southernmost records are from Mr. Fordyce Grinnell’s collection in the Southwest Museum of Los Angeles, one being a specimen from the San Gabriel Mountains and the other from the Mount Wilson trail, both in Los Angeles County.! Calvert? records this species from Baja or Lower California. For a gomphine this species has a very long season, probably the longest season of any of the western gomphines. A teneral male was taken on San Francisquito Creek (Santa Clara County, California) April 20, 1914. Many were seen on:Stevens Creek (Santa Clara County, California) May 31, while oviposition was observed on the same stream on July 17 and two old males were captured there on August 16, which is the latest seasonal record for the species. The nymphs of this species occur abundantly in the leafy trash which collects in the pools and eddies of the stream. I do not believe that they burrow in the sandy bottom, as I have observed no tracks even where the exuviae showed the species to be very abundant. In June, after the annual emergence, I found two sizes of nymphs, the larger of which was immature and would have emerged the following season (1915). (See figs. 342-344.) The nymphs in- cluded in the smaller size showed considerable variation in size, but as there was a complete series between the largest and the smallest, I concluded that they were probably from early and late ovipositings of the same year and all would emerge in the second season (1916) (see figs. 342 and 343). This would indicate that the nymphs spend three years in the water. Nymphs taken August 16 had assumed the final stage, in which they wintered to emerge the following season. The emergence takes place previous to May 31, probably occurring (on Stevens Creek, Santa Clara County) during the latter half of 1In August, 1915, I found Octogomphus nymphs in the headwaters of the Mojave River. Since writing the foregoing I have found in Dr. P. P. Calvert’s collection an Octogomphus female collected by Prof Trevor Kincaid, July 25, 1895, at Olympia, Washington. 3 Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1895, p. 502. 576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. Apri and the first two weeks of May, for on May 311 found the exuviae very abundant and no mature nymphs were found. The exuviae were found about the roots of the alder trees, especially where these overhung pools, and usually occurred from one to two feet above the water. On Zyante Creek, a tributary of the San Lorenzo near Santa Cruz, California, frequently a dozen exuviae were found on one tree root. After emergence the imagoes appear to migrate upstream, not a migration in numbers but each individual probably gradually work- ing up to the swifter waters. This same upstream migration is observ- able in the associated species, Cordulegaster dorsalis. My observa- tions are as follows: On Stevens Creek, where, because of its nearness, I have been able to observe Octogomphus at various seasons, exuviae were very abundant in the 2 miles from the trout farm up to the soda spring but occurred less commonly above this pomt. Imagoes were not found below the soda sprmg in this region of greatest emergence, though they were common above the spring, even to the head of the creek on the divide 8 miles distant. On the lower stretch of Zyante Creek on July 9, the exuviae were very abundant but not a single imago was observed. The same was true for the Chico River where it emerged from the canyon east of the city of Chico (Butte County, California). As the nymphs apparently do not burrow in the bed of the stream but live in the loose organic trash that collects in the pools and eddies, this upstream migration is probably to offset the washing down of the nymphs during the winter rainy season when the streams are foaming mill races. Theoretically, some such compensation should occur or this species would gradually spread to the lower portions of these streams, where it is certainly not now found. As with most gomphines, the males of this species stay near the water while the females are seldom seen there. The males are usually found in the sunlit openings of the streams where they perch on stones, driftwood, or on the foliage of the surrounding alders. But while prefering the sunny spots they do not hesitate to hunt up and down stream through the shade. The four females I have taken were found along a road on the side of the gorge several hundred feet above the stream. They appear to resort to the stream only to oviposit. After having spent various days wading down mountain streams observing Octogomphus more often than catching them, I was rewarded on July 7 by seeing a female oviposit. She came volplaning down through an opening in the canopy of alders and, while going through evolutions involving several figures, 8’s and S’s, she touched the sur- face of the pool lightly with the tip of her abdomen at intervals of 2 to 6 feet. After 20 seconds of this she airily spiraled up and out into the sunshine, where she alighted on a bush on the hillside above the creek. *» No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 57 The following are live color notes of Octogomphus: Male.—Labrum black, its lateral edges yellow. Face greenish yellow, with the labrum edged with black above and below, and a triangular spot on its median line; nasus black, in some specimens pale but surrounded by black. Vertex and occiput black, except triangle of greenish yellow posterior to the ocelli. Rear of head black. Eyes gray. (See figs. 336-340.) Prothorax with anterior lobe yellow and a broad middorsal stripe yellow, otherwise black. Mesothorax and metathorax greenish yel- low with a very broad black antehumeral stripe which, in some speci- mens, extends caudad slightly beyond the humeral suture. In some individuals the humeral stripe is divided by a vertical yellow line, a remnant of which always remains as a small, round, yellow spot in the upper end of the black stripe (see figs. 335 and 340-341). Antea- lar and lateral alar ridges black. Second lateral suture narrowly black, and side of thorax edged with black below. Both infraepis- terna greenish, bordered with black above. Coxae greenish, heavily marked with black. Legs black. Pterostigmas black. Abdomen black, with a broad greenish-yellow middorsal stripe on segments 1 and 2, which is attenuated caudad in a fine hair line on segments 3 to 6. Side of segment 1 greenish, in the center of which is a small black spot. Auricle on segment 2 greenish yellow, which color also forms a wide stripe along the posterior and ventral edges of its side. Segment 3 with an anterolateral spot and its lower edge yellow. The intersegmental membrane of segments 7-10 yellow. Segment 9, black, except a minute middorsal spot and yel- low mottling on its side, which is usually confined to an anterior and a posterior spot, but im some specimens a bar joining these. The figures 336-339 show the variation in this mottling. Perhaps extensive series might show local races with regard to these mottlings, as the Stevens Creek specimens have the least yellow on segment 9 and the Napa series shows several with the spots large and confluent. Segment 10 black, with a large oval middorsal spot, which in most specimens is followed by a minute spot. Appendages black, except the dorsal surface of the superiors, which is yellow. Female.—Color similar to that of the male. Each of the two at hand has a small yellow spot in the dorsal end of the humeral stripe. Dorsal abdominal stripe as in the male. The side of the abdomen with two yellow stripes, one of which is a hair line along the lower edge of tlie pleura, while the other is a midlateral stripe on segments 1 and 2, but on segments 3-7 breaks up into a series of small yellow dots, of which there are two to four on each segment. Segments 8 and 9 with yellow mottling on the side. Segment 10 black, except a round middorsal spot. The superior appendages and the cerci yellow. (See figs. 335 and 341.) 65008°—Proc.N,M.vol,52—17——37 578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor. 52, In the male, and probably in the female, the teneral colors are bright yellow and black. This teneral yellow changes to greenish FIGs. 329-341.—OCTOGOMPHUS SPECULARIS. 329. SEGMENT 2 OF MALE. 330-331. MALE, APPENDAGES. 332-333. MALE, APPENDAGES AS APPLIED TO HEAD OF FEMALE. 334, FEMALE, SEG- MENTS 9-10. 335. THORACIC COLOR IN A PASADENA, CAL., FEMALE. 336-339. VARI- ATION IN COLOR OF SEGMENT 9IN MALE. 3406-341. COLOR PATTERN. yellow in breeding individuals, and in very old ones fades to a pale gray with scarcely a trace of the green remaining. = no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA~KENNEDY. 579 This species is peculiar to Lower California and the coast of Cali- fornia. In spite of its peculiarities in color and structure its vena- tion shows it to be a near relative of the cosmopolitan genus Gomphus. The figures show the structural oddities of this species. In the male the superior appendages are bifurcate, the two outer hooks fit- ting into narrow recesses on the dorsal edge of the postocular sur- faces of the female, while the spines on the inner rami fit into special depressions lower down on the postocular surfaces. The four prongs of the inferior appendage hook over the four tubercles on the vertex of the female. (See figs. 330-333.) The coloration is unusual in gomphines in that the middorsal thoracic stripe is yellow instead of being dark. Figure 329 shows the male genitalia on segment 2, and figure 324, the female genitalia. Measurements of 10 males and 2 females are as follows: Length of abdomen: Male, 36-39 mm.; average, 37.3; female, 35 and 38 mm. Length of hind wing: Male, 29-31 mm.; average, 30.1; female, 30-32 mm. The nymph is as interesting as the imago, as it does not show the short crooked legs and other features characteristic of most gom- phines, which are correlated with their burrowing habits. In habits and appearance it is more corduline than gomphine. Nymph.—Length of exuvia, 24 mm.; abdomen, 15; width of ab- domen, 7 mm.; length of hind femur, 5 mm. Body flat, deeper and more cylindrical in the exuvia than in the live nymph. (See figs. 342-352.) Head broad cordate, flat above, conspicuously granulated over entire surface. Occiput slightly concave, postocular angles rounded and postocular areas each entirely covered by a large scar which is characterized by from two to four vertical ridges. Antennae: Two basal joints globular, second smaller than the first, third joint three times as long as combined length of first two and one and a half times as wide, depressed, elongate-obvoate when viewed from above, its inner edge less convex than its outer; fourth segment a mere tubercle set in the end of segment 3. Head naked except for long hairs on genae and a series of mixed long and short hairs on the edges of the third antennal segment, and numerous short hairs on the labrum. Labium reaching to the posterior side of the fore coxae. Anterior segment of mentum only slightly less broad than long, its posterior end two-thirds as wide as the anterior end. Median lobe regularly convex; its edge with from 30 to 40 long bristles among the bases of which are numerous shorter bristles; four large conical teeth on its middle third, these placed just below or outside the double row of bristles. Lateral lobe short and broad, its end squarely truncate but no inner apical hook, the outer three-fifths of its inner edge with 580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. Ag ECO i six to eight broad blunt teeth, these directed proximad and the series graduated distad. (See figs. 348-349.) FIGs. 342-352.—OcTOoGOMPHUS SPECULARIS, NYMPH. 342-346. NYMPHS. 347. HEAD. 348. MENTUM. 349. MENTAL DETAIL. 350. MALE, APPENDAGES. 351-352. FEMALE, APPENDAGES. Dorsal surface of prothorax with an elevated semicircular flat area in the center of which are twin tubercles. No supracoxal processes, — No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 581 but long hair just above the coxa. Wing pads parallel and reaching almost to the fifth abdominal segment. Legs short but not especially distorted for burrowing; burrowing hooks on fore and middle tibiae. Abdomen flat ventrally, convex dorsally and thin at the edges, ovate when viewed from above. This may be broadly ovate in the live nymph, which can make itself very flat (thin dorso-ventrally) or nar- rowly ovate in the exuvia, which is convex on both dorsal and ven- tral surfaces. Short lateral spines on segments 7, 8, and 9. Segment 10 one-half as long as segment 9 and slightly more than one-third as wide, but one-third longer than the lateral spines of segment 9 between which it lies. Appendages of segment 10 short, conical, the inferiors twice as long as segment 10, the middle only slightly less long, the dorsal paired appendages slightly longer than 10. The entire thorax and abdomen granulated except the intersegmental membranes. Postero-dorsal and lateral edges of segments 2-8 with a crowded row of short heavy bristles scattered among which are very long hairs. Segment 1 is one-third as long as segment 2. An impressed line on each side of the median line of the ventral surface, each line running out posteriorly at the base of the lateral spine on segment 9. The male larvae can be told by the scar on segment 2, the females by the genitalia at the base of segment 9. Octogomphus imagoes are close to Gomphus in the venation of the wings and the nymphs are very similar to those of Lanthus. They differ from nymphs of Lanthus albistylus! in greater size, in the nar- rower third joint of the antennae, in the narrower head, in having two to four vertical ridges on the postocular areas instead of one large one, in the smaller teeth on the lateral lobe of the labium and that these are larger at the proximal end of the series. (Both have four teeth on the middle lobe.) Legs and thorax and abdomen are similar except that there are lateral hooks on segments 7-9 in Octogomphus, while in Lanthus they occur only on segments 8 and 9. 15. NOTES ON AESHNA INTERRUPTA NEVADENSIS AND ITS NYMPH. This dragonfly, origmally named nevadensis by Dr. E. M. Walker, is classed in his recent monograph as a variety of Aeshna interrupta. Only eight specimens, all males, are recorded. These were collected at Reno, Nevada, by H. K. Morrison, and were deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. This Aeshna is an alpine form. I first met it on July 21, when I was climbing down the thousand-foot hill from Emigrant Gap (Cali- fornia) into Bear Valley. Here, on the fir-covered hillside along the power company’s canal, two specimens were catching insects with that peculiarly airy flight and dextrous turning characteristic of this variety. Iwas unable to catch either, and decided they were Aeshna interrupta interna, which they resembled in appearance and habits. ‘ Collected by E. B. Williamson on Pine Creek, Ashland County, Ohio, June 7, 1915. 582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voL, 52, During the day, I took Aeshna multicolor about the lake in the floor of the valley, and Aeshna palmata among the willow thickets. On returning at 4 o’clock in the afternoon, I found a single Aeshna catch- ing Diptera in an open giade of the hillside, where, with numerous short turns up and down and sidewise, and an occasional figure eight, and various volplanings, it was exhibiting the same ease on the wing as shown by a Brechmorhoga. On catching it I saw it was a nevaden- sis teneral. Bear Valley les at an altitude of 4,500 feet, the lowest altitude at which I took this species. I next met this species at Donner Lake, California, at an elevation of 5,200 feet, where it was associated with Aeshna palmata and an occasional Anax junius. Here on cool windy days it hunted among the willow thickets, but on bright, warm days it spent most of its time hunting high and wide, much after the habit of multicolor, seldom coming lower than 10 or 15 feet above the ground. But even on the cool days, when flying frequently in the protection of the willow clumps, it never persisted in confining itself to a low, thoroughly pro- tected beat as does umbrosa or palmata, both of which will work many minutes at a time on a short beat only 4 to 6 feet above the ground, On July 25, in Donner Creek, 200 feet from the outlet of the lake, I took several exuviae clinging to a log, and one nymph, which was ready to emerge. Along Truckee River, California, for the 9 miles from Squaw Creek to Lake Tahoe, and along the west shore of Lake Tahoe, nevadensis was common, frequently three or four being in sight at the same time. Observations here indicated that their flight was free and wide, the individual making from one to a half dozen wide turns in an open space, and then wandering on into the next glade, with an occasional few minutes hanging from some limb usually high in the air. I next met this species at an elevation of 6,500 feet in a small meadow-like opening of the fir forest, where the Rubicon Springs road crosses McKinney Creek (California). Here at 9 o’clock in the morning it was cool and in an hour I had caught five or six on the wing. They were flying low and many stopped flight to hang on weeds only a foot or two high. Such a one would hunt for a suitable weed, and after trying one or two, would hang from the underside of one of the leaves, when it was easily taken by approaching from the opposite side, and slapping the net over both weed and dragonfly. Also I saw several flying close over the surface of the creek on short beats, apparently after small insects which hovered over the surface of the water. No other species of Aeshna was seen or taken here or elsewhere around Lake Tahoe, with the possible exception of a single exuvia from the McKinney Lakes which Doctor Walker referred to palmata. I finally found this species in its greatest numbers about four lakes on the divide between McKinney Creek and the Rubicon River > no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 588 (California), where, at an elevation of 7,000 feet, this species domi- nated all other dragonfly life. Here, in a mountain pass fairly level for about two miles, lie four small, shallow lakes, two of which flow east into McKinney Creek and Lake Tahoe, and two flow west into the Rubicon River and the Pacific drainage. On both sides rise granite crags for a thousand feet above the level of the lakes, with their lower slopes and the borders of the lakes covered by green firs, and their higher naked slopes spotted white with small patches of snow. Three of the lakes are covered with yellow pond lilies and fringed with sedges, while numerous clumps of gray willows dot their shores. These lakes swarm with insect life and are apparently without fish, while the fourth lake is free of aquatic plants and is said to contain fish. This lake has few dragonflies. The three lakes sup- porting dragonflies were surprisingly warm. Expecting cold lakes at this altitude, I found the water too warm to drink with relish. This unusual warmth appeared to be due to the shallowness, the depth not exceeding three feet, and to the black peaty mud covering the bottom, which combination with the constant clear weather in this region during the summer months caused the lake water to heat rapidly from the sun’s rays. At this elevation the air was so cool that Aeshna was easily taken on the wing and in two days’ collect- ing £ succeeded in catching 60 males and 28 females. This species emerges from these lakes in immense numbers. I have never seen Aeshna exuviae so numerous. At the lake about which I did most of my collecting there was a zone of sedges 5 to 25 feet wide along the shore. The majority of the sedge stems were riddled with eggs, and exuviae hung frequently two or three deep on the prominent ones. I picked nearly a quart from an area about 15 feet square. While adults swarm over these ponds, they are not one-tenth as abundant as the exuviae, a fact explained by the wander- ing proclivities of both males and females. As far as is known, those species of Aeshna which have been ob- served have emerged in the nighttime. I have reared both multi- color and californica, which emerge about midnight, but this species on these lakes, where the night temperature usually approaches freezing, emerges in the daytime. I found many tenerals and took ten individuals in the act of emerging, which occurred at any time from 10 in the morning to 4 in the afternoon. This change in the time of emergence, perhaps, permits this species to live at this alti- tude, a thousand feet higher than I took any other species of Aeshna; and a true alpine habitat with nightly freezing temperatures. At my earliest arrival on the lakes (10 in the morning) females were ovipositing and males were circling the borders of the lakes catching insects and watching for females, which were usually cap- tured while ovipositing. The males, while around the lakes, usually flew at a height of from 1 to 4 feet above the sedge border, gradually 584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. making their way around the lake in a series of short beats, which if plotted would show a series of loops overlapping, but each in advance of the preceding with occasional side flights after passing females and insect prey. Because of this habit of circling the edge of the lake, which was more pronounced in the morning while the sexual impulse was strong, I caught the majority of my specimens by standing in one place and catching the individuals on the wing as they passed. In catching the females, the males would pounce down on them as they moved among the sedges from one oviposition to the next, or would themselves quietly drop, from their swifter coursing, down among the sedge stems and slowly work through the narrow channels until they found some female ovipositing. She would be seized, and the pair would dash away in a nuptial flight, which soon ended in a long rest in copulation while hanging to a tree. Many pairs flew about the lakes with the male holding the females’ head, but not in copulation. This was more common than usual in Aeshna, reminding one of Celithemis or Anax junius. The females oviposited below water, as is usual among Aeshnas, most of the ovipositing being done in Carex stems. The egg is illustrated in figure 382. Females were common through the open places in the timber far from the lakes, where they were ranging for food, but while around the water their whole attention seemed to be concerned with oviposit- ing, except when males took them away in copulation. Male.—The male of this species is easily distinguished from «nter- rupta interna by the shape of the superior appendages (see fig. 355). My field notes indicate that the pale colors are blue with the lower ends of the thoracic stripes paler but not distinctly yellow, while the dried material shows a majority of the specimens with lower end of thoracic stripes distinctly yellowish. (Fig. 353.) My impression is that the thoracic stripes were always bluein the male. The thoracic stripes varied remarkably from completely interrupted lateral stripes, which occurred in four of the sixty males, though various narrowly connected stripes of which there were about 12 resembling lineata, to the common form shown by the majority with the anterior stripe broad at the base and tapering to a point above, while the posterior stripe was moderately wide throughout its length. The figures 356-365 show these variations. In life the eyes were blue above and brownish or grayish below, with a narrow blue and black dash across the upper surface. The thorax was grayish brown, the abdomen black. The wings of the males were always hyaline. Female.—1 can not distinguish the female of nevadensis from several undoubted females I have of interna. Both blue and yellow females were taken on McKinney lakes. My field notes of July 28 give colors of 17 females taken that day as follows: One, all markings yellow, except the blue stripes in the brown eyes, wings strongly + No. 2192, DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND.NEVADA—KENNEDY. 585 ee ee ee ee ee flavescent to the stigmas; one with all markings yellow, except the blue eye stripes and the markings on segments 5-10 greenish, wings we Sas ee CSD WAV, \ Cana Figs. 353-382.—AESHNA INTERRUPTA NEVADENSIS. 353-354. COLOR PATTERN. 355. MALE, APPENDAGES 356-375. THORACIC COLOR VARIATIONS. 376-379. NYMPH. 377. VULVA. 378. MALE, APPENDAGES. 379. MENTUM. 380-381. SEGMENTS 9 AND 10 OF FEMALE. 382. Eaa. flavescent to stigmas; five with all markings pure blue; the other 10 with various intermediate colorations, the common form being 586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. with greenish blue abdominal spots and the stripes on the thorax blue above and creamy yellowish below. The abdomen of the latter is brown shading darker caudad, the thorax brown, and the eyes grayish, never as blue as in the male. The females, whether yellow or blue, invariably had the blue dash in the eye. (See figs. 354, 366-375, and 380-381.) Abdomen (without appendages), 45-47 mm.; appendages, 6; hind wing, 45-46. Nymph.—I have not been able to distinguish the nymph from that figured by Walker! for interrupta interrupta. Some show the same color pattern as figured in his monograph, while others show each middorsal dark spot inclosing a pale spot as in my. figure of neva- densis nymph. (See figs. 376-379.) Length of body, 34 mm.; mentum, 6.5 long, 5.5 broad; hind wing, 9-10; hind femur, 6.5; inferior appendages, 4—4.5; genital valves, 2; width of head, 8; abdomen, 8. 16. A NEW SPECIES OF AESHNA—ITS NYMPH AND ITS HABITS, This near relative of palmata was recorded first from Baja Califor- nia by Calvert as constricta.2, Walker in his monograph®* corrected this determination, placing part of Calvert’s material under palmata, but noting the differences in coloration and structure between these Baja specimens and true palmata. As Walker had only males he deferred final judgment on the status of this form. In the collection of Stanford University [ found seven males of this species, which had been collected on the streams in Santa Clara County, California, during September and October of previous years. During these months in 1914 I was unable to collect, though on two different occasions I saw individuals, which were probably this spe- cies, on San Francisquito Creek west of the university buildings. On January 6, 1915, [found 14 exuviae on Los Trancos Creek, which is a stream of the Coast Mountains west of Stanford University. Other exuviae were collected on Arroyo Seco at Pasadena, California. Dur- ing the summer of 1915 I collected nymphs in Mission Creek, back of Santa Barbara, California, and 16 males and 8 females on the streams of Santa Cruz Island, which lies 23 miles south of Santa Bar- bara. ~Numerous nymphs and exuviae were collected here also. My few observations and the data on the Stanford specimens in- dicated that this species around Palo Alto emerges during August, and is on the wing until November. It is a stream species with habits similar to those of palmata. It inhabits the warmer frost-free streams 1The North American Dragonflies of the genus Aeshna. University of Toronto Studies, Biol. Series No. 11, 1912, pl. 6, fig. 2. 2 Odonata of Baja California, Mexico. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1895, p. 509. Specimens from La Chuparosa, October, 1893. 8’ North American Dragonflies of the Genus Aeshna, 1912, p. 164. ° = NO. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 58% of the Coast Mountains, while palmata lives mostly on the colder streams of the Sierras. The ranges of the two species touch around San Francisco Bay. I have two female palmata from Stockton. NO. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 591 The live colors of the Santa Cruz Island females are as follows: Labrum grayish white, face pale brown, dorsal surface of frons creamy, stem of the “T’’ mark wide at the base. Frontal vesicle and occiput creamy. Eyes dark brown, paler and more grayish below, with a blue and black dash. Postocular area entirely black. (See fig. 384.) Prothorax dark brown, the anterior and posterior lobes paler. Mesothorax and metathorax dark brown (not as dark as in the male). The anterior stripes mere blue lines. Lateral stripes as in the male, but the anterior not sinuous on its anterior edge, color a pale blue-gray, very slightly bluer above; both stripes bordered on each side by very dark brown. Both stripes run up onto the wing sclerites. The posterior edge of the dorsal end of the anterior lateral stripe is ex- tended caudad more or Jess distinctly for the width of the stripe along the alar ridge. But little variation in thoracic color occurs among the eight females caught. Wings with stigma very dark brown, black except on a very close inspection; costal half of wing membrane flavescent as far as stigma, posterior to which it is more intense than elsewhere. Legs with coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown, tibiae and tarsi black. Abdomen dark brown, becoming darker caudad so that segments 8-10 are nearly black; appendages black. One female was taken in which the abdominal markings were blue; in the others they were yellowish olive green. None with pure yellow markings were seen. The abdominal markings are similar to those of the male. From those of the female palmata (fig.394) they differ in having a minute AD present on segments 3-7, in having PL present on segment 7, and in having PL and PD connate on all segments on which both occur. There are no blue markings on the ventral surface of the abdomen. Nymphs.—Two females. Length of body, 34-37.5 mm., labium, 6.5-7, hind femur, 6.5-7; hind wing, 7.5-&; head, 8-9. Width of abdomen, 7-S mm. (See figs. 399-402.) The nymphs show a combination of wmbrosa and palmata nymphal characters. The shape of the labrum is intermediate between that of umbrosa and palmata, its apical breadth between two-thirds and three- fourths of its length; but the lateral lobes have no internal distal tooth, thus resembling palmata. The dorsal paired appendages are almost as long as or, in one specimen, slightly longer than the middle appendage. In the specimen having the shortest dorsal appendages these were four-fifths as long as the middle appendage. In this character it differs from both umbrosa and palmata (fig. 403), as in both of these the dorsal appendages are only two-thirds as long as the middle appendage. In the female nymphs the genitalia extend under the anterior fourth or third of segment 10. The coloration in all the exuyviae is very dark, the legs especially being very vividly banded, both on the femur and tibia. 592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. These nymphal skins were collected January 6, 1915, on the roots ' and trunks of alder trees overhanging Los Trancos Creek where they had been probably since the preceding August. 17. SOME LISTS OF ODONATA COLLECTED IN NEVADA AND CENTRAL CALIFORNIA DURING 1913 AND 1914. The following pages are devoted to lists by localities of Odonata collected in California and Nevada by the writer during the summer of 1914. My collecting in California comprised three trips. One during June up the Napa River and up the Sacramento Valley to Tehama, one during July up the American River and about Lakes Donner and Tahoe, and a third during September up the San Joaquin Valley to Bakersfield, thence to the vicinity of Los Angeles. Because of its great length north and south, because one border is on the coast and one on the desert, and because its great Sierra holds many northern forms, California has the richest odonate fauna of any of the Western States. Faunistically the State can be roughly divided into three sections, though these are nowhere sharply defined. The entire western border of the State for a width of from 50 to 100 miles is occupied by the Coast Ranges. These are mainly north and south ridges of about the size and appearance of the Alleghanies of the eastern United States. In the north these are heavily timbered. In the central parts of the coast the timber is light, and on the east slopes replaced by brush (chaparral), while in the south, Los Angeles and vicinity, the timber is found only in the narrow canyons. Throughout the entire length of these Coast Ranges are numerous perennial streams, but in the south- ern half of these mountains many of these streams are dry beds of white sand in their lower courses during the dry season. This coast region is characterized by several local coast species. The second great region is that of the valleys of the Sacramento and San Joaquin. As these rivers empty into the Bay, their valleys are connected by the Bay region and become a continuous plain 300 miles long and in places 50 miles broad. This is more level than a Kansas prairie and is a dry region with summer temperatures of 90° to 120° F. It is farmed largely to grains and its cities are walled about by great dykes, as it is subject to floods when the snows melt in the mountains each spring. It is characterized by several Mexican species which here reach their northernmost limits. The third region is that of the great Sierra Range, which runs for the greater length of the eastern side of the State. The passes over this are from 7,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level and its snow peaks tower from 11,000 to 14,000 feet. The west slope is 50 miles wide, but yet so steep that the numerous rivers come down through can- > no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 593 yons from 1,000 to 3,000 feet deep. This west slope is a dry region, except in the bottoms of the canyons, and has a fauna similar to that of the Coast Ranges, but at an elevation of about 4,000 feet this begins to give place to the purely Canadian fauna of the crest of the range. Here, at elevations of 6,000 to 10,000 feet, are found many species which flourish at sea level in British Columbia. It is in this Sierra region that several of these species reach their southernmost ranges. The entire northern third of the State is unexplored as far as its dragonflies are concerned. The southeastern part of the State has a fauna which resembles that of the interior valleys, but is more strongly Mexican. PALO ALTO, SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. Palo Alto and Stanford University are situated on the flat at the southern end of San Francisco Bay. This is a plain dotted by the rich green of numerous low, round-topped live oaks and, except for artificial reservoirs, is dry from April to December of each year. Five miles west of the University the rolling dark green slopes of the Coast Range rise to an altitude of 2,000 feet. These are covered by conifers on their west slopes and in the deep moist canyons, but on their drier eastern side the redwoods and firs give place to scrub oaks, laurels, and dense brush. Numerous perennial torrents rush down through the heavy shade of the alders in the narrow winding gorges of these mountains to sink into the sand of their dry beds in the lower foothills, or to be dammed up and led away in irrigation pipes. Hid- den away on the high slopes of the mountains are various spring-fed dams made to water stock, which have a more abundant dragonfly fauna than the ponds of the flat below. Such are the “Mud Lakes” of Stanford students, which lie at an elevation of 1,400 feet on the ridge between Corte de Madero and Los Trancos Creeks. 1. ARCHILESTES CALIFORNICA Mc Lachlan. Many specimens in the Stanford collection. Probably on all large ponds in the fall. I have not collected about Stanford at this season. 2, LESTES CONGENER Hagen. Occasional on all ponds. 3. LESTES DISJUNCTUS Selys. On the mountain ponds. Specimens from the Coast Range have the pterostigmas black, the humeral stripe blue and little or no black on or posterior to the second lateral suture. The appendages are identical with eastern disjunctus. 1 Specimens from the Lake Tahoe region have a broad stripe on the second lateral suture. Specimens from Washington and Oregon are as black on the sides as those from the Eastern States. One Oregon male has the thorax entirely black. 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17 08 594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. 4. LESTES STULTUS Hagen. Very abundant on the ‘‘Mud Lakes”; emerging during June (see page 484). 5. LESTES UNGUICULATUS Hagen. Occasional on the mountain ponds. 6. ARGIA VIVIDA Hagen. Common about all perennial springs. 7. ENALLAGMA CALVERTI Morse. Occasional on Felt Pond during May and June, also on ‘Mud Lakes.”’ 8. ENALLAGMA CARUNCULATUM Morse. Common on all ponds and streams except the mountain torrents. 9. ENALLAGMA CYATHIGERUM (Charpentier). Common on all streams and ponds except the mountain torrents. 10. ENALLAGMA PRAEVARUM (Hagen). Occasional on all lowland streams and ponds. Common at “Mud Lakes.” 11, TELEBASIS SALVA (Hagen). Occasional about ponds. 12. ZONIAGRION EXCLAMATIONIS (Selys). Common in the outlet to Searsville Lake. Occasional on ponds. 13. ISCHNURA CERVULA Selys. Common on all ponds. The females colored like the males are common in this locality. The females are very definitely dichromatic. 14. ISCHNURA ERRATICA Calvert. Occasional about ponds. Most often taken on the westernmost of the “Mud Lakes.” 15. ISCHNURA PERPARVA Selys. Common about all ponds and stagnant streams. The local males have less yellow on the abdomen than Oregon and Washington males. 16. CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS (Burmeister). Occasional on ponds. 17. CELAENURA GEMINA Kennedy. One male, Sharon Pond. 18. CORDULEGASTER DORSALIS Hagen. On all perennial mountain torrents (see p. 515). 19. GOMPHUS SOBRINUS Selys. A stray female was taken on Felt Pond in April, 1914 (see p. 558). 20. OCTOGOMPHUS SPECULARIS (Hagen). On all perennial mountain torrents (see p. 574). 21. ANAX JUNIUS (Drury). Occasional on the larger ponds. 22, AESHNA CALIFORNICA Calvert. Common about ponds from April till July. 23, AESHNA MULTICOLOR Hagen. Common from May to September. . No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 595 24. AESHNA WALKERI Kennedy. Common on San Francisquito and other creeks from August to November. 25. LIBELLULA FORENSIS Hagen. Common on ponds and stagnant streams. 26. LIBELLULA PULCHELLA Drury. Occasional on ponds. 27. LIBELLULA SATURATA Uhler. Common on all ponds. 28. PLATHEMIS LYDIA (Drury). Common on all ponds. 29. ERYTHEMIS SIMPLICICOLLIS (Say). Common on all ponds. 30. SYMPETRUM CORRUPTUM (Hagen). Common on ponds. This is on the wing from the latter part of February till December. 31. SYMPETRUM ILLOTUM (Hagen). The most common Sympetrum. This has also a long season, March till November. 32. SYMPETRUM MADIDUM (Hagen). Common on the mountain ponds, emerging in June. 33. PACHYDIPLAX LONGIPENNIS (Burmeister). On Felt Pond. 34. TRAMEA LACERATA Hagen. On Sharon Pond. STEVENS CREEK, SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. The upper 10 miles of this creek is a clear, swift mountain stream. During the rainy season it empties into San Francisco Bay, but from June to December there is no water in its lower more level course. It comes down through a narrow gorge, and is heavily shaded by alders and bay trees. 1. ARGIA VIVIDA Hagen. Occasional about springs along the lower course of the creek. 2. CORDULEGASTER DORSALIS Hagen. Common on the swift upper end of the creek (see p. 515). 3. OPHIOGOMPHUS BISON Selys. One specimen was seen near the Trout Farm. 4, OCTOGOMPHUS SPECULARIS (Hagen). Common on the swift upper end of the creek. 5. AESHNA PALMATA Hagen. One female was taken in August near Soda Spring. This is the farthest southwest record for the species. 6. AESHNA WALKERI Kennedy. Common along the creek (see p. 586). 7. SYMPETRUM ILLOTUM (Hagen). Two seen below the Trout Farm. 596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. SAN JOSE, SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. San Jose is on the flat land at the extreme southern end of San Francisco Bay. The collecting was done along Coyote Creek, a sluggish mud-banked stream flowing through the city. 1. HETAERINA AMERICANA (Fabricius). Four specimens taken May 16, 1914. 2. ARCHILESTES CALIFORNICA Mc Lachlan. Nymphs common. Have not collected at this place later than July 4. 3. HYPONEURA LUGENS Hagen. One specimen taken. Not common. 4. ARGIA AGRIOIDES Calvert. Abundant during July when stream is most stagnant. 5. ARGIA VIVIDA Hagen. Not common. 6. ENALLAGMA CARUNCULATUM Morse. Common. 7. ENALLAGMA CYATHIGERUM (Charpentier). Common. 8. ENALLAGMA PRAEVARUM (Hagen). Not common. 9. TELEBASIS SALVA (Hagen). Common. 10. ZONIAGRION EXCLAMATIONIS (Selys). Occasional during May and June. 11. ISCHNURA CERVULA Selys. Abundant. 12. ISCHNURA PERPARVA Selys. Common. 13. CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS (Burmeister). Occasional. 14. CELAENURA GEMINA Kennedy. Pair in copulation. 15. PROGOMPHUS BOREALIS McLachlan. Two seen. 16. GOMPHUS SOBRINUS Selys. Very abundant during May, 1914; none seen during May, 1915; this probably due to late rains (see p. 530). 17. ANAX JUNIUS (Drury). Occasional. 18. AESHNA CALIFORNICA Calvert. Abundant during May. 19. AESHNA MULTICOLOR Hagen. Abundant during summer. . no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 59% 20. MACROMIA MAGNIFICA Mc Lachlan. Abundant during May, 1914. These emerged in numbers, the exuviae being common in the grass roots two feet above the stream. In 1914 the emergence took place before May 10. Few were seen in 1915. 21. LIBELLULA SATURATA Uhler. Common. 22. PLATHEMIS LYDIA (Drury). Common. 23. ERYTHEMIS SIMPLICICOLLIS (Say). Common. 24, SYMPETRUM CORRUPTUM (Hagen). Occasional. 25. SYMPETRUM ILLOTUM (Hagen). Common. SAN LORENZO RIVER, SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA. This is a stream less than 20 miles long, which flows down the heavily timbered west slope of the Coast Range and empties into Monterey Bay at the town of Santa Cruz. I collected on Zyante Creek, where I saw no imagoes but found every stream-side tree and log covered with the exuviae of Octogomphus and Cordulegaster. The adults of these had evidently migrated farther up stream. The other species were taken on the San Lorenzo in the rocky gorge between Big Trees and Rincon, the best collecting being in the vicinity of Rincon. Probably the best collecting in the San Lorenzo is in the open valley towards Felton, above Big Trees, which part of the stream I did not visit. 1. HETAERINA AMERICANA (Fabricius). Common below Big Trees. 2. ARGIA EMMA Kennedy. Common from Big Trees to Rincon. 3. ARGIA VIVIDA Hagen. Occasional below Big Trees. 4, ENALLAGMA CARUNCULATUM Morse. Occasional below Big Trees. . ENALLAGMA CYATHIGERUM (Charpentier). Common below Big Trees. 6. ENALLAGMA PRAEVARUM (Hagen). Occasional below Big Trees. 7. ZONIAGRION EXCLAMATIONIS (Selys). Common below Big Trees. 8. CORDULEGASTER DORSALIS Hagen. Exuviae very abundant on middle reaches of Zyante Creek. No imagoes seen at all and no exuviae found below the swift water in the Zyante. The imagoes had emerged and evidently migrated farther up the creek. ou 598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. 9. OPHIOGOMPHUS BISON Selys. Two specimens were taken on a small gravel bar in the San Lorenzo at Big Trees, where two exuviae were found on the base of an alder overhanging the stream. Two other imagoes were taken on a riffle at the Rincon powder works. These catches are interesting in that this species had been known only from a female, the type, which, de- posited in the McLachlan collection, was labeled “from Santa Cruz, California.” Probably the type had been taken on the San Lorenzo River. 10. OCTOGOMPHUS SPECULARIS (Hagen). The exuviae of this species were abundant with the Cordulegaster exuviae on the middle reaches of Zyante Creek, but none were seen below this and no imagoes were seen. 11. AESHNA CALIFORNICA Calvert. Several were seen above Rincon. 12. AESHNA MULTICOLOR Hagen. Several seen along the railroad above Rincon. LOS GATOS RIVER, SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. Excepting for Argia vivida Hagen and a few Cordulegaster and Octogomphus on its headwaters, this stream is practically without Odonata. This is because of the very dense shade on the upper part of the stream, and the fact that so much water is removed by irri- gation and for the town of Los Gatos that in any ordinary season the river is entirely dry in its open portion below Los Gatos. From June 6 to 9 I collected at points on the Napa River. This small river, lying entirely in Napa County, drains a shallow valley on the north side of San Francisco Bay. This valley, lying just east of the main range of the Coast Mountains, is rather dry so that it resembles the Sacramento Valley. At Napa, where the first collec- tions were made, the river is a tide stream and gave no Odonata. At Calistoga, the only other place examined, the river was also without Odonata. NAPA, NAPA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. The collecting at Napa was done on the extensive estate of the Insane Hospital. A small, clear mountain stream, which comes down through a deep ravine east of the asylum, is led into a series of ponds and reservoirs. These swarm with Odonata. 1. ARCHILESTES CALIFORNICA Mc Lachlan. The shallows about the main pond swarmed with the nymphs of this. One teneral was taken. 2. LESTES, species. This species was common on the pond. 3. ARGIA VIVIDA Hagen. Common along the lower half of the stream. « No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 599 4. ENALLAGMA CARUNCULATUM Morse. On the “Fire Pond.” 5. ENALLAGMA CYATHIGERUM (Charpentier). Common on streams and all ponds. 6. ISCHNURA CERVULA Selys. On ‘Fire Pond.” 7. ISCHNURA PERPARVA Selys. On all ponds. 8. CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS (Burmeister). On “ Fire Pond.” 9. CORDULEGASTER DORSALIS Hagen. On the mountain stream, where both imagoes and exuviae were collected. 10. GOMPHUS SOBRINUS Selys. Several were caught on the largest pond. 11. OCTOGOMPHUS SPECULARIS (Hagen). Common on the stream where several were taken while seated on rocks or foliage in the sunny openings. 12, ANAX JUNIUS (Drury). A single female caught on one of the ponds. 13. AESHNA CALIFORNICA Calvert. Abundant about the ponds. 14. AESHNA MULTICOLOR Hagen. Common. 15. MACROMIA MAGNIFICA Me Lachlan. One male caught on the largest pond. This was the only indi- vidual of this species seen. 16. TETRAGONEURIA CANIS Me Lachlan These were very abundant on the largest ponds. This is the only place in the west at which I have taken this species though it has been recorded from the State of Washington." The individuals flew slowly and dodged awkwardly and always stayed in loosely organized flocks, the individuals in which flew in short (40 feet) frequently changed beats. During windy weather they flew in a protected ravine opening onto the pond and at such times flew close to the ground so that they were easily caught. Karly in the morning (9 o’clock) many spent much of their time perched on low bushes. When the wind was down they flew above the tree tops. These flocks were composed of males and females in about equal numbers and all were intent on catching the various minute insects filling the air. While many flew over the surface of the water their presence there appeared to be for food rather than a flight of the males hunting ovipositing females. During the two days collecting I saw no females ovipositing and no pairs in copula- tion. However the gelatinous strings of eggs were abundant in the 1 Muttkowski, Catalogue of the Odonata of North America, p. 125. 600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. Potamogeton in the edge of the pond. I collected about eighty individuals which seemed to reduce the abundance a third or a half. Several exuviae were found clinging to stones about 4 feet above the water. These I have misplaced or lost. In life the eyes of the male were bright green above and gray below; those of the female less green above and gray below. 17. LIBELLULA FORENSIS Hagen. On the “Fire Pond.” 18. LIBELLULA SATURATA Uhler. On all ponds. 19. PLATHEMIS LYDIA (Drury). On the small “Fire Pond.” 20. ERYTHEMIS SIMPLICICOLLIS (Say). On the “ Fire Pond.” 21. SYMPETRUM CORRUPTUM (Hagen). On all ponds. 22. SYMPETRUM ILLOTUM (Hagen). On the largest pond. 23. SYMPETRUM PALLIPES (Hagen). Occasional. CALISTOGA, NAPA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. The Napa River at this point is a small, sluggish stream and seemed to contain no Odonata. The collecting was done in the streams from a group of warm springs in the fields east of the town. Several acres of flat land at the foot of the low hills on the east side of the narrow valley fairly oozed warm water. The larger springs were so hot that they contained no life. Ditches had been dug in different directions through this boggy area for drainage. In these the water varied from tepid to cool and supported various species of Odonata. Several days of rain had very evidently reduced the collecting at this point. 1, ENALLAGMA CYATHIGERUM (Charpentier). Occasional. 2. ENALLAGMA CARUNCULATUM Morse. 3. ISCHNURA CERVULA Selys. Occasional about the cooler water. 4, ISCHNURA PERPARVA Selys. Common. 5. CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS (Burmeister). The most abundant species. For habits see page 500. 6. AESHNA CALIFORNICA Calvert. Seen. 7. AESHNA MULTICOLOR Hagen. Several seen. One taken. 8. LIBELLULA FORENSIS Hagen. Occasional. 2 no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 601 9. LIBELLULA SATURATA Uhler. Common. Many females of this species were found dead in the hot stream flowing from the largest spring. Perhaps they had tried to oviposit here, as the other streams were badly overgrown with vege- tation. 10. PLATHEMIS LYDIA (Drury). Common. 11. ERYTHEMIS SIMPLICICOLLIS (Say). Abundant. 12. SYMPETRUM CORRUPTUM (Hagen). Occasional. 13. SYMPETRUM ILLOTUM (Hagen). Common. COLUSA, COLUSA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. From the Napa Valley I traveled up the Sacramento to Colusa, where I collected on June 11. This town is on the banks of the Sacramento, which is a navigable stream at this point. The bot- toms here are many miles wide and being lower than the flood stage of the river, are traversed in various directions by dykes. These break up the natural drainage so that waste irrigating water has produced numerous more or less permanent sloughs. 1. HETAERINA AMERICANA (Fabricius). Common among the willows fringing the river. 2, LESTES CONGENER Hagen. Very abundant on the slough west of town. 3. ARGIA EMMA Kennedy. Abundant on the banks of the river. The majority of the indi- viduals were tenerals. 4, ENALLAGMA CARUNCULATUM Morse. Common on the sloughs. 5. ZONIAGRION EXCLAMATIONIS (Selys). Two males and one female on the river bank. Not abundant. 6. ISCHNURA CERVULA Selys. Common on the sloughs. 7. ISCHNURA PERPARVA Selys. Common on the sloughs. 8. CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS (Burmeister). The most abundant species on the sloughs. 9. OPHIOGOMPHUS OCCIDENTIS CALIFORNICUS Kennedy. Two males of this pale variety of occidentis were taken on the sandy bank of the river opposite the town. Exuviae were very abundant among the willows along the river (see p. 547). 10. AESHNA MULTICOLOR Hagen. Common about the sloughs. 11. LIBELLULA FORENSIS Hagen. Common on the sloughs. 602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 52. 12. LIBELLULA SATURATA Uhler. Occasional. 13. PLATHEMIS LYDIA (Drury). Common about the sloughs. 14. ERYTHEMIS SIMPLICICOLLIS (Say). Abundant on the sloughs. 15. SYMPETRUM CORRUPTUM (Hagen). Common on the sloughs. 16. SYMPETRUM ILLOTUM (Hagen). Occasional on the sloughs. 17. PACHYDIPLAX LONGIPENNIS (Burmeister). One male was taken in the willows across the river from Colusa. MARYSVILLE, YUBA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. Marysville is in the great Sacramento Bottoms on the Yuba River near its juncture with the Feather River. Marysville exists only through the protection of its great dykes. Hydraulic mining on the Yuba has filled the stream so full of tailings that it is but a shifting bed of white sand. Where at one time navigable, its bed is now above the level of the town of Marysville and the stream is wide and very shallow. This has killed any Odonata fauna it may have had at one time. The few species collected were taken in the slonghs back of the dykes across the bridge from the city. 1. LESTES STULTUS Hagen. Several taken (see p. 484). 2. ENALLAGMA CARUNCULATUM Morse. Not common. 3. TELEBASIS SALVA (Hagen). One seen. 4. ISCHNURA CERVULA Selys. Common; the most abundant species. 5. ISCHNURA PERPARVA Selys. Common. Orange teneral females abundant. 6. CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS (Burmeister). The second most abundant species. 7. AESHNA MULTICOLOR Hagen. Several seen. 8. LIBELLULA FORENSIS Hagen. Several seen flying with the next. 9. PLATHEMIS LYDIA (Drury). Abundant. 10. ERYTHEMIS SIMPLICICOLLIS (Say). Common. 11. SYMPETRUM CORRUPTUM (Hagen). Very common. The most abundant large dragonfly. Emerging from the sloughs in large numbers. * no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 603 OROVILLE, BUTTE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. Oroville is on the Feather River where it emerges from its canyon in the Sierras. This is a barren, dry, hilly region where farming is carried on by irrigation. It was on the irrigating and waste-water ditches across the river from Oroville that the following species were taken: 1. HETAERINA AMERICANA (Fabricius). On wrigating ditch. Exuviae common. 2. ARGIA AGRIOIDES Calvert. Several taken on irrigating stream. 3. ARGIA EMMA Kennedy. One male taken on beach of Feather River. 4. ARGIA VIVIDA Hagen. Abundant on a spring streamlet on side of Table Mountain. 5. ENALLAGMA CARUNCULATUM Morse. Common. 6. ENALLAGMA CYATHIGERUM (Charpentier). Occasional on the waste stream west of the Odd Fellows’ Home. 7. ISCHNURA PERPARVA Selys. Common. 8 CELAENURA DENTICOLLIS (Burmeister). Several observed which were probably this. 2, OPHIOGOMPHUS BISON Selys. Two males taken. 10. OPHIOGOMPHUS OCCIDENTIS CALIFORNICUS Kennedy. One male taken. ; 11. ERPETOGOMPHUS COMPOSITUS Hagen. One female, a teneral, was taken on the irrigating ditch across the river from Oroville. All the gomphines were taken on or near this ditch. As this water came from a tributary of the Feather River, probably the nymphs came down in the water. The Feather River was high and no Odonata except the Argia were seen on its banks. 12. GOMPHUS SOBRINUS Selys. One male taken. 13. ANAX JUNIUS (Drury). A pair were taken on the waste stream back of the Odd Fellows’ Home. 14. AESHNA MULTICOLOR Hagen. Common. 15. MACROMIA MAGNIFICA Me Lachlan. Two males and several exuviae seen. 16. LIBELLULA COMANCHE Calvert. A single male, the only specimen I have ever seen alive, was caught while seated on the top of a weed near the waste stream. ‘The fol- 604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. lowing are live color notes: Eyes bluish gray, paler below; front of thorax dark pruinose blue-slate; sides of thorax and sides of segments 2 and 3 whitish. 17. LIBELLULA FORENSIS Hagen. Several seen. 18, LIBELLULA NODISTICTA Hagen. This was the most abundant species of this genus. Individuals were common on the side of Table Mountain, a half mile from water, where they spent most of their time seated on the dead branches of bushes scattered through the stunted Blue Oaks and Digger Pines. These were indolent and easily captured, but individuals flying about the waste-water stream were more wary. 19. LIBELLULA PULCHELLA Drury. Several seen. Two captured. 20. LIBELLULA SATURATA Uhler. Several were seen. Here I had an excellent opportunity to com- pare the habits of these species of Libellula. L. saturata was the most active and restless, nodisticta was most indolent, while pulchella and forensis had habits very similar. 21. PLATHEMIS LYDIA (Drury). Several were observed. 22. ERYTHEMIS SIMPLICICOLLIS (Say). Common. 23. SYMPETRUM CORRUPTUM (Hagen). Common. 24. SYMPETRUM ILLOTUM (Hagen). Common. With the last three species this is found close over the water as is also the next species. 25. PACHYDIPLAX LONGIPENNIS (Burmeister). Several were taken at one spot on the waste stream back of the Odd Fellows’ Home. 26. TRAMEA LACERATA Hagen. 7 A single male, the only individual seen, was captured on the side of Table Mountain. CHICO RIVER, CHICO, BUTTE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. On June 14 and 15 I collected on the Chico River between the city of Chico and the mouth of the canyon 5 miles east of the city. The river was shallow because of much irrigating water withdrawn. It was very warm for the season, evidently carrying no snow water. The bottom was gravelly and the banks heavily shaded by brush and trees. 1. HETAERINA AMERICANA (Fabricius). Very abundant. 2. LESTES CONGENER Hagen. Common at the mouth of the canyon. . No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 605 3. HYPONEURA LUGENS Hagen. Very abundant in the mouth of the canyon. In ovipositing the male does not stand erect while attached to the female as does the male Argia. Oviposition is in any green branch lying in the run- ning water. 4. ENALLAGMA CARUNCULATUM Morse. Occasional. 5. ENALLAGMA CYATHIGERUM (Charpentier). Occasional. 6. ZONIAGRION EXCLAMATIONIS (Selys). One pair taken at the canyon. 7. ISCHNURA CERVULA Selys. Scarce. 8. ISCHNURA PERPARVA Selys. Several observed. Not as common as usual. 9. PROGOMPHUS BOREALIS Mc Lachlan. Several males were taken. Difficult to approach. 10. OPHIOGOMPHUS BiSON Selys. Found on the same pools as the preceding but much less wary. 11. GOMPHUS SOBRINUS Selys. A number were seen where the river ran through the city park. Evidently its season was almost over. 12. OCTOGOMPHUS SPECULARIS (Hagen). Imagoes of this were not seen but the exuviae were very abundant in the mouth of the canyon. 13. AESHNA MULTICOLOR Hagen. Not as common as usual. 14. MACROMIA MAGNIFICA Me Lachlan. Common. I took 12 of these in less than an hour where they were beating up and down a narrow lane. In the late afternoon this species loves to hunt away from the water. 15. LIBELLULA SATURATA Uhler. Several seen. 16. SYMPETRUM PALLIPES (Hagen). Not common. 17. BRECHMORHOGA MENDAX (Hagen). Several individuals of this graceful species were seen. Two males and a female were taken. The males were taken while flying on short beats over the stream. The female was captured while cut- ting S’s and figure 8’s through a swarm of small Diptera. She was indifferent to several passes I made at her before I succeeded in netting her. This species is the most graceful on the wing of any odonate with which I am familiar. Frequently they fly with a swinging mayfly-like motion. In the heat of the day they floated around among the tree tops. 606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. TEHAMA, TEHAMA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. On June 16 I tried collecting at Tehama, but the temperature was 112°, and both the Sacramento and Mill Creek (Los Molinas) were too high for collecting. On July 15 I started on a collecting trip from Sacramento up the American River to Auburn across the Sierras to Lakes Donner and and Tahoe, thence to Reno, Pyramid Lake, and the Humboldt River in Nevada. AMERICAN RIVER, SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA. Sacramento lies at the juncture of the Sacramento and American Rivers. Here as far as the eye can see the valley is perfectly flat and is flooded annually by the Sacramento River. To one approach- ing Sacramento only the second stories of the houses and the tops of the numerous shade trees are visible for it is entirely surrounded by a great 20-foot dyke, through which the railroads enter by flood gates that can be closed in times of high water. ‘Fhe American River at the time of my visit was about 300 feet wide, with half the bottom exposed as sand bars; the 15-foot banks, as well as the entire bed, were composed of loose sand. Opposite the city, where I collected, the bottoms were a jungle of box elder trees about 30 feet high, except for a few cottonwoods along the bank and an occasional more open glade occupied by willows. The river itself, even among the cotton- wood trees, was fringed with willows. The sloughs mentioned in the following list were in the bottoms back some distance from the river. No collecting was attempted on the Sacramento River at this place. i. HETAERINA AMERICANA (Fabricius). Not common. On river. 2. LESTES CONGENER Hagen. Some about sloughs. 3. ENALLAGMA CARUNCULATUM Morse. Common about sloughs. 4. ISCHNURA CERVULA Selys. About sloughs. 5. ISCHNURA PERPARVA Selys. About sloughs. 6. OPHIOGOMPHUS OCCIDENTIS CALIFORNICUS Kennedy. One male taken in a willow glade opposite the city. 7. GOMPHUS OLIVACEUS Selys. This species was very abundant on the American River opposite the city. None were found except in the half mile between the two railroad bridges. The males were abundant over the swift muddy water or resting on the overhanging willows. The females were caught in the willow glades back from the bank. (See page 554.) > No. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 607 8. ANAX JUNIUS (Drury). About the sloughs. 9. AESHNA MULTICOLOR Hagen. About the sloughs. This species was observed catching insects on the market street of the city at twilight. They flew among the wagons and buggies entirely indifferent to the numerous passers-by. This habit of familiarity with man’s haunts is very noticeable in multicolor . It is the most domestic of all the western Odonata 10. LIBELLULA FORENSIS Hagen. About the sloughs. 11. LIBELLULA SATURATA Unhler. Common. 12. PLATHEMIS LYDIA (Drury). On the sloughs. 13. ERYTHEMIS SIMPLICICOLLIS (Say). Occasional on the sloughs. 14. SYMPETRUM CORRUPTUM (Hagen). Common. ‘This species throughout the Sacramento and the San Joaquin Valleys was widely scattered away from water. 15. SYMPETRUM SEMICINCTUM (Say). About the sloughs. 16. TRAMEA LACERATA Hagen. Several seen about the slough between the river and the city. AUBURN, PLACER COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. At Auburn I collected, July 18 and 19, in the small stream south of the town, which may be termed the ‘‘town drain,” as it carried the sewage and run-off of the entire community; also on the American River, which at this place flows at the bottom of a V-shaped gorge over 1,000 feet deep. The sides of this canyon are scantily clad with digger pines and scrub oaks, and the stream, 200 feet wide and 3 feet deep, flows over a bed of hydraulic tailings, mainly drifting coarse gravel and stones of all sizes. A few spring streams trickle down the steep sides of the canyon. 1. HETAERINA AMERICANA (Fabricius). Common along the river, apparently having emerged from the main stream. 2. LESTES UNCATUS Kirby. Several captured on the ‘‘town drain.” 3. ARGIA AGRIOIDES Calvert. Common on the ‘‘town drain.” 4. ARGIA EMMA Kennedy. Occasional on the rocks below the dam in the river. 608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. 5. ARGIA VIVIDA Hagen. Very abundant on the spring streams trickling down the sides of the gorge. 6. ENALLAGMA CARUNCULATUM Morse. Common on the ‘‘town drain,’ where the next also occurred. 7. ENALLAGMA CYATHIGERUM (Charpentier). Occasional along the edges of the river. 8. TELEBASIS SALVA (Hagen). Occasional on the ‘‘town drain.”’ ’ 9. ISCHNURA CERVULA Selys. On ‘‘town drain.” Rare. 10. ISCHNURA PERPARVA Selys. Tenerals common on ‘‘town drain.” 11. CORDULEGASTER DORSALIS Hagen. One male was seen at close range on the river bank. It was the only time I have seen this species except on or near swift mountain torrents. He persisted in alighting on various bushes and so may have been lost from his usual haunts. 12. OPHIOGOMPHUS OCCIDENTIS CALIFORNICUS Kennedy. Three females were caught on the river bank below the dam. no. 2192. DRAGONFLIES, CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA—KENNEDY. 685 21. SYMPETRUM PALLIPES (Hagen). Kings River Canyon, 5,000 feet, California Academy. One female, Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, 6,500 to 7,100 feet, Dr. J. H. Comstock. One female, Sugar Pine, Tuolumne County, 5,000 feet, Dr. J. H. Comstock. 22. SYMPETRUM SCOTICUM (Donovan). Walker Lake, Mono County, 7,700 feet, Ferris. 23. SYMPETRUM SEMICINCTUM (Say). Yosemite Valley, August 17, 1915, Dr. J. C. Bradley. No alti- tude record on this specimen. It probably does not go often above 3,000 feet. One female, Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, 6,500 to 7,100 feet, Dr. J. H. Comstock. 24. PACHYDIPLAX LONGIPENNIS (Burmeister). One female, Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, 6,500 to 7,100 feet, Dr. J. H. Comstock. This is the highest record for this species. The record appears correct though this is a species of the low hot valleys. This species, Libellula satarata and Plathemis lydia are in the Cornell collection, with labels indicating that all three were taken by Dr. J. H. Comstock, July 17, 1907, at an elevation of 6,500 feet. As these are the species most out of place in this list it is possible an error has been made in labeling. I am inclined to doubt their occurrence at this elevation. 25. LEUCORRHINIA GLACIALIS Hagen. Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park, 8,600 feet, Ferris, Reynolds. Dog Lake, Yosemite National Park, 9,000 feet, Reynolds. Tenaya Canyon, Yosemite National Park, 7,500 feet, Ferris. 26. LEUCORRHINIA HUDSONICA (Selys). Tenaya Canyon, Yosemite National Park, 7,500 feet, Ferris. This is the first California record for this species. Abe LTT Ae ae ro Lc Kh Sporn ee ‘ent hay b i ¥ & Lig IF; DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS AND NOTES ON PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED FORMS. By Pav Bartscu, Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, United States National Museum. The present paper describes and figures new species of West American mollusks belonging to groups which I have previously monographed. It represents material that has come to hand since the monographs were issued. By far the larger portion of the specimens were discovered by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, but many were contributed by private West American collectors, whose zeal and efforts continue to materially increase our knowledge of marine life from year to year. In addition to the descriptions of new forms, references to species (chiefly fossil) de- scribed by other authors since the monographs were published have been added, and wherever new information on nuclear characters was available it is stated. I had hoped to be able to present with this a new classification of the Rissoidae, but the slowness attending the acquiring of certain material necessary to a complete understanding of the group has decided me not to withhold the manuscript longer, but to publish the data pertaining to members of that family under the old familiar designation, reserving the necessary changes for the final revision. I wish to express my thanks to all the students who have con- tributed material to this study, acknowledgment for which is made under the various species. Credit is due to the photographic divi- sion of the United States National Museum for the splendid en- larged photographs of the species described, and to Mrs. E. B. Decker for the careful and painstaking work of perfecting these illustrations by retouching. PYRAMIDELLIDA (LONGCHAEUS) COOPERI Anderson and Martin. Plate 42, fig. 3. Pyramidella cooperi ANDERSON and Martin, Proc. Cala. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 4, 1914, p. 66, pl. 7, figs. 18a 18D. Shell elongate conic, stout, grayish white. All the early whorls decollated, the three remaining strongly channeled at the summit, flattened between the summit and the peripheral sulcus, angulated PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 52-2193. 637 638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. posterior to the sulcus. The space between the peripheral angle and the channeled summit forms a decided groove that separates the whorls. Base short, well rounded. The entire surface of the shell is marked by fine incremental lines and well-marked spiral striations. Aperture moderately large, oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip evenly curved; inner lip strong, straight, revolute, provided with three folds, of which the posterior is very strong, lamellar and par- allelly disposed to the peripheral sulcus; the other two folds are less strong and much more oblique. The specimen described and figured, Cat. No. 194405, U.S.N.M., was collected by Mr. George H. Eldridge in the lower Miocene blufts of Kern River, 1 mile below the power developing station, on the north side of the river at Bakersfield, California; it consists of the last three whorls, and raedanee Sane 6 mm., diameter 3.6 mm. PYRAMIDELLA (LONGCHAEUS?) PACKI Dickerson. Odostomia packi DickERSoN, Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Cala., vol. 9, No. 17, 1916, p. 498, pl. 37, fig. 2. The type, an incomplete specimen of 12 whorls, measures—length 10 mm., diameter 3.5 mm. It was collected in the Eocene, Tejon formation, at University of California locality 2226, Rose Canyon, San Diego County, California. Of this the author states that the inner lip is marked by two plaits “ which is characteristic of this genus.” Odostomia never has more than one plait. The figure shows a Pyramidella with basal portion of the aperture lost, which is probably responsible for the absence of the third fold characterizing the subgenus Longchacus, to which I believe the shell belongs. PYRAMIDELLA (PHARCIDELLA) MAGDALENENSIS, new species. Plate 42, fig. 1 Shell elongate conic, very pale horn yellow; nuclear whorls two, well rounded, forming a depressed helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is about one-third immersed. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, nar- rowly shouldered at the summit with a deep spiral groove at the periphery which shows in the suture of all the turns and gives this the appearance of being deeply channeled. Summit of -whorls strongly crenulated, the weak depressions on the sides of the crenulation pass- ing down the sides of whorls for a short distance below the summit ; the rest of the surface being marked by fine lines of growth and ex- ceedingly fine spiral striations. The deep peripheral sulcus is crossed by slender axial riblets, which are more slender and more numerous - no. 2198. WHST' AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 639 than the crenulations at the summit of the whorls. Base moderately long, well rounded, provided with a strong fasciole at the anterior end and marked by rather strong incremental lines and very fine spiral striations. Aperture oval, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, showing four denticles within, of which the median two are the strongest; inner lip thick, almost straight, provided with three folds, of which the first is lamellar and almost transversely disposed; it covers the posterior portion of the basal fasciole; the other two folds are much weaker and much more obliquely placed and extend to the anterior portion of the columella; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 268628, U.S.N.M., was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 5628, off Redondo Point, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, in 134 fathoms, on broken shell bottom. It has 9 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 5.8 mm.; diameter, 2.1 mm. This species is nearest related to Pyramidella (Longchaeus) mazat- lanica Dall and Bartsch, but can readily be distinguished from it by the fact that the whorls are not overhanging. EULIMELLA GABBIANA Anderson and Martin. Hulimelia gabbiana ANDERSON and Martin, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 4, 1914, p. 68, pl. 7, fig. 20. This is a typical Melanella (Fulimella) and does not belong to the Pyramidellidae, but to the related family, Melanellidae. The name will therefore have to be changed to Melanella gabbiana Anderson and Martin. The type No. 143 California Academy of Sciences comes from the Lower Miocene, in the bottom of a small canyon about 14 miles due north of Barker’s ranch house, Kern River, Kern County, California. PYRAMIDELLA (SYRNOLA) OCHSNERI Anderson and Martin. Eulimella ochsneri ANDERSON and Martin, Proc. Cal, Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1914, p. 66, pl. 7, figs. 28a and 23b. Anderson and Martin described this species which they collected in the Lower Miocene in the bottom of a small canyon about 14 miles due north of Barker’s ranch house, Kern County, California, locality 64. They give a rather incomplete description and state that the type, which has a broken apex, is 8 mm. long and 3 mm. in diameter. From the brief description and the figure I am inclined to believe that it is not a Fulimella, but belongs to the subgenus Syrnola. A comparative statement in the same publication (p. 67) under Luli- mella dilleri strengthens this belief. The type, No. 138, and cotype, No. 189, are in the California Academy of Sciences. 640 PROCEEDINGS OF THH NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 52, PYRAMIDELLA (SYRNOLA) DILLERI Anderson and Martin. Hulimella dilleri ANDERSON and Martin, Proc. Cal, Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1914, Dp: Gi, Di. 7, feo. Anderson and Martin found this species in the sea cliff (Miocene), one-quarter mile north of the lighthouse at Cape Foulweather, 4 miles north of Yaquina Bay, locality 37. The type, No. 140, California Academy of Sciences, consists of the last eight whorls and measures 9.5 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) CANADENSIS, new species. Plate 44, fig. 11. Shell elongate conic, slender, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls small, two and one-half, depressed helicoid, having their axis at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are about one-fourth immersed. Postnuclear whorls almost flattened, rather high between the sutures, appressed at the summit, marked by quite regular, slightly curved, protractive, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second and third, 18 upon the fourth to seventh, 20 upon the eighth, and 22 upon the ninth and the penultimate turn. Intercostal spaces not quite as wide as the ribs, deeply impressed, terminating at the periphery, which is decidedly angulated. There is a smooth space between the periphery and the succeeding whorl, which falls at some little distance anterior to the periphery of the preceding turn. This gives the whorls a somewhat overhanging appearance. Suture well constricted. Base short, well rounded, entire surface marked by microscopic striations. Aperture subquadrate, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin; inner lip slightly curved and somewhat revolute. The type, Cat. No. 273964, U.S.N.M., was collected by G. Willett, at Forrester Island, Alaska. It is a complete specimen of 11 post- nuclear whorls, and measures—length, 6.3 mm.; diameter, 1.5 mm. Two additional specimens of this species are in Mr. Willett’s col- lection. TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) MONTEZUMA, new species. Plate 44, fig. 1. Shell broadly elongate conic, yellowish-white, nuclear whorls two and one-fourth, well rounded, forming a very depressed helicoid spire, having its axis at a right angle to that of the succeeding turns in the first of which it is about one-fourth immersed. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, ornamented with very strong, narrow, well rounded, slightly protractive axial ribs of which 18 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second, 14 upon the third to . no. 2198. WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 641 seventh, and 18 upon the penultimate turn. These ribs become - somewhat enfeebled and slightly expanded toward the summit. Intercostal spaces about 34 times as wide as the ribs marked by a double series of incised pits, of which one is midway between the summit and the periphery while the other is at the periphery. The space between the summit and the median pit is marked by 13 slender incised striations of varying strength, while that between the median and peripheral pit is crossed by 9 incised lines. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl angulated, marking the termination of the axial ribs and intercostal spaces. Base very short, well rounded, marked by 14 subequal and subequally spaced feebly incised wavy spiral striations and slender incremental lines. Aperture very short, decidedly subquadrate, the angles at the junc- tion of the outer and basal lip and the basal and inner lips being almost right angles; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip very slightly oblique, and slightly revolute; parietal wall glazed by a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 268232 U.S.N.M., was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 5678, off Redondo Point, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, in 133 fathoms, on broken shell bottom. It has 9 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 4,7 mm.; diameter, 1.5 mm. TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) BARKLEYENSIS, new species. Plate 42, fig. 8; plate 44, fig. 9. Shell large, slender, elongate conic, bluish white. Nuclear whorls small, a little more than two and a quarter, depressed helicoid, hav- ing their axis at right angles to that of the succeeding turn, in the first of which they are slightly immersed. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, marked by slender, curved, mod- erately regular, slightly protractive, axial ribs, of which 16 occur upon the first to fifth, 18 upon the sixth, 22 upon the seventh and eighth, 24 upon the ninth and tenth, and 26 upon the penultimate turn. In- tercostal spaces moderately impressed, terminating a little posterior to the periphery ofthe whorls. The summit of the succeeding turns falls a little anterior to the termination of the intercostal pits and leaves a smooth band in the suture. Suture moderately constricted. Pe- riphery of the last whorl obtusely angulated. Base moderately long, weakly rounded. The entire surface of the shell is marked by microscopic striations. Aperture large, broad, subquadrate, some- what effuse at the junction. of the basal and the outer lip, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip very thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip decidedly oblique, slightly curved and somewhat revolute; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——41 642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52, The type and 25 specimens of this species were collected by the Geological Survey of Canada, at low tide to deep water, in Barclay Sound, Vancouver Island. Fourteen of these are in the collection of the National Museum, the others are in the Geological Survey of Canada collection. The type, Cat. No. 211568 U.S.N.M., has lost the nucleus and a part of the first postnuclear turn, the 12 vurns remaining measure— length, 9.2 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. The nuclear characters were described from another specimen, bearing the same entry number. This species was reported in former publications under the name of Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) serrae Dall and Bartsch, from which it is readily distinguished by its appressed whorls, the summits of Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) serrae being decidedly shouldered. TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) SANTAMARIANA, new species. Plate 44, fig. 2. Shell slender, regularly elongate conic, milk white. Nuclear whorls two and one half, large, well rounded, forming a decidedly elevated spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is about one-fifth immersed. Postnuclear whorls very high between the sutures, feebly shouldered at the summit, marked by very regular, almost straight, well rounded axial ribs which become slightly enfeebled toward the summit and terminate at the periphery. Of these ribs 14 occur upon the first and second, 16 upon the third to sixth, 18 upon the ninth, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. Intercostal spaces a little wider than the ribs, terminating abruptly, a little posterior to the suture, thus leaving a narrow, smooth, spiral band at the moderately constricted suture. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base mod- erately long, strongly rounded, marked by incremental lines, and the fine very regularly and closely spaced wavy spiral striations. Aperture elongate oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin; inner lip slender, oblique, slightly revolute, without visible fold; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 267744¢ U.S.N.M., was dredged in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. It has 11 post- nuclear whorls and measures—length, 4.7 mm.; diameter, 1 mm. TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) DOREDONA, new species. Plate 44, fig. 3. Shell very regularly, broadly elongate conic, yellowish white. Nu- clear whorls 23, strongly rounded, smooth, forming a strongly elevated spire having its axis at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, 1 * 4 No. 21983. WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 643 in the first of which the side of the last volution is about one-fifth immersed. Postnuclear whorl well rounded, slightly curved at the appressed summit, marked by rather distantly spaced, slender, nar- row, well-rounded axial ribs, which become somewhat flattened and enfeebled toward the summit. Of these ribs 18 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second to fourth, and 18 upon the remaining turns. Intercostal spaces about two and one-half times as wide as the ribs, terminating at little posterior to the suture, thus leaving a very narrow plain band between their termination and the summit of the succeeding turn. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, strongly rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which become evanescent before reaching the middle of the base. Entire surface of the shell crossed by rather marked, subequally strong and subequally spaced deeply incised spiral striations. Aperture subquadrate; posterior angle obtuse (outer lip partly fractured); inner lip thick, almost straight, and somewhat revolute, provided with an obsolete oblique fold a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall glazed by a fine callus. The type, Cat. No. 268719, U.S.N.M., was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 5678, off Redondo Point, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, in 134 fathoms, on broken shell bottom. It has 8 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 4.2 mm.; diameter, 1.3mm. The unique type is an adolescent shell, : and it is quite possible that when adult specimens are obtained it will be found that the axial ribs terminate at the periphery instead of continuing feebly upon the base. TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) REDONDOENSIS, new species. Plate 42, fig. 4. Shell large, broadly elongate conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, with a strong sloping shoulder which extends over the posterior two-fifths of the whorls. Surface marked by strong, distantly spaced, well- rounded, regular, lamellose, slightly curved, protractively slanting axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first three whorls and 16 upon the rest except the last, which has 18. These ribs become somewhat enfeebled and flattened toward the summit and terminate at the pe- riphery. Intercostal spaces about double the width of the ribs, shal- low, terminating a very little posterior to the suture, thus leaving a very narrow smooth band immediately posterior to the summit of the succeeding turn. Suture quite strongly constricted. Periph- ery of the last turn obscurely angulated. Base short, almost flat- tened, marked by fine incremental lines and fine, rather regularly 644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. and somewhat distantly spaced spiral striations. Aperture sub- quadrate; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip moderately stout, almost vertical, slightly revolute, apparently without fold; parietal wall glazed by a thin callus. The type, Cat. 268718, U.S.N.M., was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 5678, off Redondo Point, “Magdalena Bay, Lower California, in 13} fathoms, on broken shell bottom. It has lost the nuclear turns and probably a half of the first postnuclear whorl; the 13 remaining measure—length, 7.4 mm. ; diameter, 1.9 mm. The present species is nearest related to Zurbonilla (Strioturbo- nilla) humerosa Bartsch, but differs from this by having fewer, stronger, and more distantly spaced axial ribs. TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) SCHMITTI, new species. Plate 43, fig. 8. Shell elongate conic, rather stout, bluish white. Nuclear whorls small, strongly rounded, forming a decidedly elevated spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is about one-fourth immersed. Postnuclear whorls almost flattened, somewhat excurved below the strongly tabulately shouldered summit, marked by somewhat sinuous, decidedly protrac- -tively slanting, strong, regular, well-rounded axial ribs, of which 20 occur upon the first and second, 22 upon the third, and 24 upon the remaining turns. These ribs extend strongly from the summit of the whorls, where they appear as slender cusps, to the periphery, where they terminate. Intercostal spaces a little wider than the ribs, terminating also at the periphery. Suture rendered strongly channeled by the shouldered summit. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by strong incremental lines and the exceedingly fine, closely spaced spiral stria- tions which cover the entire surface of the shell. Aperture oval; posterior angle narrowly squarely truncated by the flattened summit; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip slender, slightly oblique, and weakly revolute, provided with a very feeble oblique internal fold at its insertion which is scarcely notice- able when the aperture is viewed squarely. The type and two specimens of this species, Cat. No. 265739, U.S.N.M., were obtained in shallow water at Point Abreojos, Lower California. The type has 10 postnuclear whorls and measures— length, 6.8 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. One of the other specimens has 11 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 7.3 mm.; diameter, 2.1 mm. * * No. 2198. WHST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 645 This species is quite unlike any of the other known west American forms. It recalls somewhat Zurbonilla (Strioturbonilla) panamensis C. B. Adams, from Panama, in the very regular and oblique disposi- tion of its axial ribs. TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) HANNIBALI, new species. Plate 48, fig. 7. Shell elongate conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls almost flattened, narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by ill-defined indications of axial ribs, which are entirely too poorly developed to permit counting. The spiral sculp- ture consists of slender, closely spaced striations. Sutures strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl obtusely angulated. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture broadly oval; posterior angle acute; inner lip almost vertical, some- what sinuous, and slightly reffected. The type and two additional specimens, Cat. No. 252428, U.S.N.M., were collected by Mr. Harold Hannibal in the Upper Pliocene “ Elk River beds,” at the mouth of Elk River at Port Orford, Oregon. The type has nine postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 9 mm.; diameter, 2.5 mm. The present species recalls Turbonilia (Pyrgolampros) oregonen- sis Bartsch, but is larger in every way than that species and has the summit of the whorls appressed, not tabulated; the spiral sculpture also is much more strongly developed. Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) hannibali differs from Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) l“ituyana Dall and Bartsch in being smaller and in having the ribs much less strongly indicated than in that species. TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) FRANCISCANA, new species. Plate 42, fig. 2. Shell elongate conic, flesh colored, excepting a broad chestnut band which covers the median third of the last whorl. This dark band really consists of two chestnut-colored zones, the anterior of which embraces half of the band while the posterior is equal to one-fourth of the width of the dark area, the two being separated by a zone of a little lighter shade which is as wide as the posterior zone. Nuclear whorls decollated in all the specimens seen. Post- nuclear whorl rather high between the sutures, feebly shouldered at the summit, and slightly constricted at the periphery. Early post- nuclear whorls marked by low, rounded, broad, almost vertical axial ribs which are wider than the shallow impressed spaces that separate them. On the later whorls the axial ribs become quite obsolete. On the first of the postnaclear whorls there are eighteen of these ribs; 646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. on the second to fourth, twenty; on the fifth they become decidedly feeble; and on the remainder they are not at all differentiated. In addition to the axial sculpture the surface of the shell is marked by very fine, wavy, closely spaced spiral striations. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by lines of growth and spiral striations comparable to those on the spire. Aperture broadly oval; outer lip thin, showing the color markings within. Columella curved, somewhat twisted, and slightly revolute; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type and 17 specimens, Cat. No. 214435, U.S.N.M., was dredged by the U. S. steamer Albatross at station 5743, in 10-15} fathoms, on very fine sand and mud bottom, San Francisco Bay, California. The type has lost the nucleus and probably the first of the postnuclear turns. The eight remaining measure—length, 6.8 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. There are three additional lots of specimens in the collection of the United States National Museum, likewise dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in San Francisco Bay. These are: Cat. No. 214438, 3 specimens, from station 5729, in 43 fath- oms, on mud bottom; Cat. No. 214484, 16 specimens, from station 5744, in 51 fathoms, on sandy mud bottom; Cat. No. 214486, 4 specimens, from station 5703, in 8} fathoms, on mud bottom. This species belongs to the obsoletely sculptured group of Pyrgo- lampros, embracing halistrepta, pesa, rinella, lituyana, and ore- gonensis. TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) HEMPHILLI, new species. Plate 44, fig. 8. Shell elongate conic. Nuclear whorls moderately large, one and one-half planorboid, having their axis at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are scarcely at all im- mersed. The sides of the nuclear whorls project shghtly beyond the outline of the spire. Postnuclear turns feebly rounded, appressed at the summit, marked by moderately strong, low, almost vertical axial ribs, which are very feeble on the first two turns, on the third and fourth there are 16, on the fifth to seventh there are 18, while on the last turn they become decidedly enfeebled and too irregular to permit counting. Intercostal spaces shallow, about as wide as the ribs. Suture moderately constricted. The summit of the whorls falls a little anterior to the periphery and gives to the whorls a slightly over-hanging appearance. Periphery inflated, well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by the feeble continua- tions of the axial ribs, which extend to the umbilical chink. Entire surface marked by fine, closely spaced, spiral striations. Aperture broadly oval, posterior angle acute; outer lip thin; inner lip strongly - no. 2198. WHST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSOH. 647 curved and slightly revolute; parietal wall covered with a thin callus. The type and 21 specimens, Cat. No. 185053, U.S.N.M., were col- lected by Henry Hemphill in the Pliocene of a well boring, 140 feet below the surface, at San Diego, California. The type has lost the nucleus and, probably half of the first postnuclear turn. The nine remaining whorls measure—length, 6.7 mm.; diameter, 1.9 mm. The nuclear whorls were described from one of the other specimens, which may be considered a paratype. TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) PUGETENSIS, new species. Plate 44, fig. 4. Shell small, elongate conic, wax yellow with a broad band of pale brown which extends posterior from the periphery, gradually fading into the general lighter color. Nuclear whorls and early postnu- clear turns decollated in all our specimens; those remaining feebly shouldered at the summit, flattened in the middle, becoming consid- erably contracted and rounded toward the suture, marked by broad, well rounded slightly protractive axial ribs which become somewhat enfeebled and expanded toward the summit. Of these ribs 16 occur upon all of the turns remaining excepting the last which has 18. Intercostal spaces shallow, about as wide as the ribs. Suture moder- ately contracted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base somewhat inflated, well rounded, marked by the feeble continua- tions of the axial ribs which become evanescent before reaching the middle of the base and numerous very fine spiral striations which are also present on the spire. Aperture broadly oval; posterior an- gle acute; outer lip thin showing the external sculpture within; inner lip decidedly oblique, slender and somewhat revolute; parie- tal wall glazed with a very thin callus. The type and 7 specimens, Cat. No. 268754 U.S.N.M.,were obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries at Northwest Point, Elliott Bay, Seattle, Washington. The type consists of the last 5 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 4 mm.; diameter, 1.5 mm. TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) TREMPERI, new species. Plate 44, fig. 7. Shell short, elongate conic, pale brown. Nuclear whorls a little more than two, decidedly depressed helicoid, having their axis at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are about one-fifth immersed. Postnuclear whorls flattened in the middle, sloping toward the suture and the almost appressed summit, marked by strong lamellar, decidedly retractively slanting, axial ribs, of which 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second to fourth, 16 ro # 648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. upon the fifth, 18 upon the sixth, and 16 upon the penultimate turn. These ribs extend prominently to the summit. Intercostal spaces - strongly impressed, about 24 times as wide as the ribs. Suture mod- erately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl feebly angulated. Base short, well rounded, marked by the very feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which become evanescent before reaching the umbilical chink. Entire surface of the shell marked with fine, closely spaced, spiral striations. Aperture oval, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thick ; inner lip thick, almost straight, and slightly revolute; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 250629, U.S.N.M., was collected by Mr. Gripp on kelp, in 15 fathoms, outside of San Diego Bay. It measures— length, 4.7 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCULUS) GUILLENI, new species. Plate 44, fig. 5. Shell conic, milk white. Nuclear whorls 24, well rounded, form- ing a depressed helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is about one- third immersed. Postnuclear whorls somewhat inflated, well rounded, almost appressed at the summit, marked on each whorl by 18 narrow, well developed, rounded, almost vertical axial ribs. Some of these ribs are developed into varices and these are distributed at irregular intervals. Intercostal spaces about 24 times as wide as the ribs, crossed by three spiral series of strong pits, of which one is at the periphery, the second a little anterior to the middle and the third about two-fifths of the space between this and the summit posterior to the median pit. In addition to these pits the intercostal spaces are crossed by many almost equally strong incised spiral lines of which 12 occur between the summit and the first pit, 7 between the first and median pit, and 8 between the median and peripheral pit. Suture quite strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, attenuated, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs and numerous incised spiral lines of a little wider spacing than the fine sculpture on the spire. Aperture rissoid, oval; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thick; inner lip short, curved, re- flected over and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. The type, Cat. No. 267736, U.S.N.M., was dredged in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. It has five postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 3 mm.; diameter, 1 mm. Y & No. 2198. WEHST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSOR. 649 TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) DORA, new species. Plate 42, fig. 10. Shell very large, elongate conic, uniformly pale brown. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, strongly ap- pressed at the summit, marked on the early whorls by rather strong, almost vertical, axial ribs, which become evanescent on the later turns. Of these ribs 18 occur upon the first to fourth, 20 upon the fifth, 22 upon the sixth, 24 upon the seventh, 26 upon the eighth, 32 upon the ninth, and 34 upon the tenth, while upon the penultimate whorl they become too enfeebled to be counted. The spiral sculpture consists of broad pits and feebly incised lines, the posterior fifth between the sutures being marked by six very fine, subequally spaced, spiral striations. These are followed by two stronger lines, which are succeeded by two strongly impressed pits, these are followed by 2 pit about half as wide as the last two, then by one a little stronger and finer, then by the widest pit of all, which is succeeded by one not quite as broad. These incised spiral lines pass up on and even cross the summit of the enfeebled ribs. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl decidedly inflated. Base moderately long, somewhat inflated, well rounded, marked by about 25, some- what wavy, more or less regular, spiral grooves of somewhat vary- ing width, which inclose spaces between them of a width about equal to the grooves, the space between the first of these and the last on the spire is a rather wide band, devoid of sculpture, excepting the fine spiral striations, which cover the entire surface of the shell, in addi- tion to the coarser sculpture already described. Aperture small, sub- quadrate, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip moderately strong; inner lip oblique, straight and slightly reflected; parietal wall covered by a thick callus. . The type, Cat. No. 250626, U.S.N.M., was collected by Mr. Gripp on kelp, in 15 fathoms, off San Diego Bay. It is minus the nucleus. The 18 remaining whorls measure—length, 13.8 mm.; diameter, 3.2 mm. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) INA, new species. Plate 44, fig. 10. Shell broadly, elongate-conic, bright brown, excepting the nucleus, which is white. Nuclear whorls, two and one-half, planorboid, hav- ing their axis almost at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are about one-third immersed. Post- nuclear whor!s feebly rounded, appressed at the summit, marked by rather feeble, almost vertical, axial ribs, of which 18 occur upon the second and third, 20 upon the fourth and fifth, and 22 upon the re- maining whorls. Intercostal spaces feebly impressed, about as > 650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52, wide as the ribs, crossed by eleven incised spiral lines between the sutures, of these the fifth is the widest, being fully twice as wide as the third and sixth, which are of equal strength, the remaining are much more slender and also of equal strength. In spacing the first is about as far anterior to the summit as the second is distant from the third, or the fourth from the fifth, or the fifth from the sixth, while the space between the first and second, and those between the sixth and the seventh, are about equal, the spiral markings pass up on the sides of the ribs and the stronger ones tend to cross their summit. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl decidedly angulated. Base short, slightly rounded, marked by the very feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which become evanescent before reaching the middle of the whorls, and thirteen in- cised spiral lines, which are about equally spaced, the first one below the periphery being a little nearer to its neighbor than the spacing be- tween the rest, the space between the seventh line of the spire and the first incised spiral basal line is a broad, smooth band. Aperture sub- quadrate, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the ex- ternal sculpture within; inner lip almost straight and slightly revo- lute; parietal wall covered with a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 250625, U.S.N.M., was collected by Mr. Gripp on kelp, in 15 fathoms, off San Diego Bay. It has eight and one- half postnuclear whorls, and measures—length, 6.1 mm.; diameter 1.9 mm. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) ISTA, new species. Plate 42, fig. 6. Shell rather large, elongate conic, light brown. Early whorls light yellow. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls appressed at the summit, which is slightly excurved, marked by rather poorly developed, almost vertical, axial ribs, which become obsolete on the later whorls. Of these ribs, 18 occur upon the second and third, 20 upon the fourth, 22 upon the fifth, 24 upon the sixth, 26 upon the seventh, 28 upon the eighth, 30 upon the ninth, and 32 upon the tenth, while upon the penultimate they are too irregular to be counted. Intercostal spaces very feebly impressed, about as wide as the ribs. The spiral sculpture consists of strong and weak incised lines, the strong lines pass strongly upon the sides of the ribs and even cross the summit; the first of these strong lines is about one- fifth of the distance between the summit and the suture anterior to the summit, while the spaces between the first and second, the third and fourth, the fourth and fifth, and the fifth and sixth are almost equal and about two-thirds as wide as that between the second and third; of the finely incised spiral lines eight occur between the sum- mit and the first strong line and three between the first and second, 4 No. 21983. WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 651 the anterior member of these three being much stronger than the other two; there are also three between the second and third, the last two of these being closer spaced than the first two; no fine lines are apparent between the other strong lines. Suture slightly con- stricted. Periphery of the last whorl strongly inflated. Base short, well rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs and 22 wavy incised lines, which are of varying width and spac- ing. Aperture moderately large, subquadrate, posterior angle ob- tuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip oblique, straight, slightly revolute; parietal wall glazed with a moderately thick callus. The type, Cat. No. 250627, U.S.N.M., was dredged by Mr. Gripp, in 15 fathoms, on kelp off San Diego Bay. It has lost the nucleus. The 114 whorls remaining measure—length, 12.5 mm.; diameter, 2.8 mm. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) EVA, new species. Plate 44, fig. 6. Shell small, elongate conic, of pale brown ground color, with the incised spiral lines red. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls gently rounded, on the posterior three-quarters of the shell sloping more abruptly toward the suture, marked by moderately strong, well-rounded, aimost vertical axial ribs, of which 22 occur upon the third and fourth, 24 upon the fifth, and 26 upon the penulti- mate turn. Intercostal spaces a little narrower than the ribs, crossed by 11 strongly incised spiral grooves, which are of varying width. Of these the fourth, seventh, and eleventh are of equal strength and much wider than any of the rest; the remaining, with the exceptiori of the sixth, which is a mere incised line, are of almost equal strength. In spacing the first is about as far below the summit as that is dis- tant from the second, and these two spaces are a little wider than the spaces between the third and fourth, the fifth and sixth, and the seventh and eighth, which are equal and follow next in strength, the remaining spaces are subequal and a little narrower. Suture quite strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl inflated, well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which become evanescent before reaching the middle of the base, and 12 subequally spaced incised spiral lines, of which the first three below the periphery are inter- rupted by the ribs. Aperture oval, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip very thin; inner lip slightly curved, reflected over and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered with a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 250630, U.S.N.M., was dredged by Mr. Gripp, on kelp, in 15 fathoms, off San Diego Bay. It has lost the nucleus. The seven whorls remaining measure—length, 4.8 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. 652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) ALMEJASENSIS, new species. Plate 45, fig. 10. Shell slender, elongate conic, milk white. Nuclear whorls decol- lated in the type (see end of description for this character). The early postnuclear whorls are flattened, the later ones well rounded; all have the summit feebly shouldered. The whorls are ornamented by very regular well rounded axial ribs which become somewhat en- feebled toward the summit. These ribs have a decided protractive slant on the early whorls, while on the middle turns they are ver- tical, and on the later volutions they have a decidedly retractive slant; here, too, they are a little less strong and less regular and much more closely spaced. Of these ribs 18 occur upon the first four of the remaining turns, 20 upon the fifth, 22 upon the sixth, 24 upon the seventh, 28 upon the eighth, 34 upon the ninth, 36 upon the tenth, and about 52 upon the last turn. Intercostal spaces a little narrower than the ribs, marked by 15 fairly equal and equally spaced spiral series of pits, which are about as wide as the spaces that sepa- rate them. Of these pits the first is about one-twelfth the distance between the first basal line and the peripheral series of pits anterior to the summit. On the last whorl, where the axial ribs become de- cidedly enfeebled, the combination of the axial and raised spiral sculpture gives to the surface a thimble pitted appearance. Suture of the early whorls slightly and of the later strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base attenuated, marked by the very feeble continuations of the axial ribs, and 12 incised spiral lines, which are of irregular strength and spacing. Aperture broadly oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin; inner lip slightly curved, decidedly oblique, revolute, and appressed to the attenu- ated base for almost its entire length, provided with a strong very oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a very thick callus. The type, Cat. No. 266535, U.S.N.M., was dredged in shallow water in Almejas Bay, which is really the southern arm of Magdalena Bay, Lower California. The type had lost the nucleus and probably the first postnuclear turn, the 12 whorls remaining measure—length, ~ 8 mm.; diameter, 1.1 mm. Cat. No. 267747 contains two additional specimens dredged in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. From these we are able to add a description of the nucleus. Nuclear whorls 24, well rounded, forming a moderately elevated spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which the tilted spire is one-fifth immersed. ’ No. 21983. WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 653 TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) BARTOLOMENSIS, new species. Plate 45, fig. 5. Shell conic, yellow. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls appressed at the summit, flattened in the middle, except the last, which is inflated and strongly rounded. 'The whorls are marked by rather strong, well-rounded axial ribs, which are slightly retrac- tively slanting on the early turns and decidedly so on the later volutions. Intercostal spaces about as wide as the ribs marked by 12 deeply incised spiral pits. Of these the fifth is a mere line, while the first four, the sixth, ninth, and tenth are about twice as wide, and the eighth and ninth and eleventh and twelfth form deep broad pits fully three times the width of the last. Suture moderately con- stricted. Periphery of the last whorl strongly inflated, well rounded. Base short, inflated, well rounded, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs, which extend strongly to the umbilical area, between which poorly defined spiral striations may be seen. Aperture short, broadly oval, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip short, partly refiected, free, pro- ‘vided with an obsolete oblique internal fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a very thick callus, which renders the peristome complete. The type, Cat. No. 268729, U.S.N.M., was dredged in shallow water in San Bartolome Bay, Lower California. It has lost the nucleus, the nine postnuclear whorls measure—length, 5.6 mm.; diameter, 1.6 mm. This special resembles Zurbonilla (Pyrgiscus) auricoma Dall and Bartsch in having the inflated last whorl and the reddish incised spiral lines, but differs markedly from it in shape and sculpture. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) LAMNA, new species. Plate 43, fig. 1. Shell regularly, broadly elongate conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls 24 smooth, forming a decidedly depressed helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns in the first of which about one-fourth of the side of the spire is im- mersed. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, ornamented by weak, distantly spaced, somewhat protractive axial ribs, which become flattened and decidedly enfeebled near the sum- mit. Of these ribs 20 occur upon the first and 18 upon the re- maining turns. Intercostal spaces about three times as wide as the ribs, shallow, crossed by 13 slender incised spiral lines of some- what varying width. Of these lines the first to fifth, seventh and twelfth are mere incised lines, while the sixth, eighth, tenth, and 654 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. eleventh are about twice as wide as these, and the ninth and thir- teenth are double the width of the last. The space between the summit and the first is as wide as the space between the eighth and ninth, which is doubly as wide as that separating the first five lines, which are subequally spaced. The spaces between the eighth and ninth, ninth and tenth, tenth and eleventh, and eleventh and twelfth increase steadily in width, the space between the first of this series being about one-half as wide as that separating the last. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl angulated. Base short, well rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which become evanescent before reaching the middle of the base, and 12 feebly incised, slender, wavy, spiral striations, which become successively weaker and closer spaced from the periphery toward the umbilical area. Aperture subquadrate; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin; inner lip slender, slightly twisted, provided with a very oblique fold a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type and an additional specimen, Cat. No. 268625 U.S.N.M. was dredged along the shore of Santa. Maria Bay, Lower California. It has 84 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 5.2 mm.; di- ameter, 1.6 mm. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) MARIANA, new species. Plate 45, fig. 9. Shell very slender, elongate conic, light horn yellow with the anterior half of the base and a narrow band about one-fifth of the width of the space between the sutures pale brown. The band is situated about its own width posterior to the periphery. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls flattened very high between the sutures, narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by closely crowded, quite regular, well rounded, almost straight, shghtly pro- tractive axial ribs of which 18 occur upon the first four of the re- maining turns; 20 upon the fifth to seventh; 22 upon the eighth, and 26 upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces a little narrower than the ribs, marked by 13 strongly incised, subequal and subequally spaced pits. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl! well rounded. Base attenuated, well rounded, marked by the feeble continuation of the ribs which reach to the umbilical chink and five equal and equally spaced, moderately broad, shallow, incised lines of a rust brown color. Aperture elongate oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip slender, moderately curved, reflected over and adnate to the attenuated base for two-thirds of its length and provided with a strong oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thick callus. ‘ + no. 21983. WHST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 655 The type, Cat. No. 2677226, U.S.N.M., was dredged in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. It has lost the nucleus and probably the first two postnuclear turns; the nine and a half remaining whorls measure—length, 5.9 mm.; diameter, 1 mm. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) LAZAROENSIS, new species. Plate 45, fig. 11. Shell extremely slender, elongate conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls flattened, very high between the sutures, slightly excurved immediately below the feebly shoul- dered summit, and marked by very regular and regularly spaced well rounded, slightly protractive axial ribs of which 20 occur upon all the remaining turns excepting the last two. Of these the penulti- mate has 24 and the last 32. _Intercostal spaces a little narrower than the ribs, marked by 17 spiral series of pits of which the first 16 are subequal and subequally spaced. The last, the peripheral pit is a little wider than the rest and separated from the sixteenth by a space about five times as wide as those separating the other pits. The first pit is about as far anterior to the summit as the sixteenth is distant from the seventeenth. Suture slightly contracted. Periphery of the last whorl] well rounded. Base attenuated marked by the very feeble continuation of the axial ribs and eight wavy incised spiral lines which are of about the same strength but not of equal spacing. A broad band separates the peripheral line of pits from the first basal line; the next three lines are closely and equally spaced, while the fourth is a little farther from the third than that is from the second and the distance between the fourth and fifth is in equal proportions greater than that between the third and fourth. The rest are again narrowly and about equally spaced. Aperture elongate oval; pos- terior angle acute; outer lip thin showing the external sculpture within by transmitted light: inner lip slightly curved reflected and appressed to the attenuated base for almost its entire length, pro- vided with a very oblique, strong fold at its insertion; parietal wall glazed by a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 267742 U.S.N.M., was dredged in shallow water off Lazaro Point, Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. It has lost the nucleus and probably the first 3 postnuclear turns, the 94 remaining measure—length, 5.8 mm.; diameter, 0.85 mm. This species is nearest related to Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) mariana Bartsch from which it differs by its much more slender form and spiral sculpture. 656 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. ee TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) CORTEZI, new species. Plate 45, fig. 12; plate 42, fig. 7. Shell rather large, elongate conic, pale yellowish brown. Nuclear whorls 24, well rounded, forming a decidedly depressed helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns in the first of which the tilted edge is about one-fifth immersed. Early postnuclear whorls well rounded, the later ones almost flat- tened, all appressed at the summit and marked by slender, well- rounded, low, decidedly retractive axial ribs, of which 24 occur upon the first four turns, 22 upon the fifth and sixth, 26 upon the penulti- mate, and 30 upon the last turn. These ribs become somewhat en- feebled and expanded toward the summit. Intercostal spaces about two times as wide as the ribs, crossed by seven spiral series of pits, of which the second, third, sixth, and seventh are equal and stronger than the rest; the other three being about half as wide and equal. In addition to the above sculpture the entire spire is marked by fine incremental lines and equally fine spiral striations, the com- binations of which give to the surface a clothlike texture. Suture feebly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, strongly rounded, marked by incremen- tal lines and 8 rather broad, somewhat wavy, subequal, and subequally spaced spiral lines. The white color of these and the incised stronger lines on the spire stand out in marked contrast to the ground color. Aperture elongate oval; slightly effuse anteriorly ; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip almost straight, slightly revolute; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type and two additional specimens, Cat. No. 267722, U.S.N.M., were dredged in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. The type is an adolescent specimen and has 8} post- nuclear turns, and measures—length, 6.5 mm.; diameter, 1.9 mm. One of the other specimens is adult, but has lost the nucleus and probably the first three postnuclear turns. The eight remaining measure—length, 8.3 mm.; diameter, 2.5 mm. This specimen also enables us to say that the last whorl is inflated and that the axial ribs become obsolete on this turn. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) TECALCO, new species. Plate 45, fig. 4. Shell broadly elongate conic, milk white. Nuclear whorls 23, well rounded, forming a decidedly depressed helicoid spire, having its axis at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is about one-fourth immersed. Postnuclear whorls flattened in the middle, weakly rounded at the summit, marked by very regular, Y No. 2193. WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 657 well-rounded, narrow, almost straight, slightly protractive axial ribs, of which 18 occur upon all the turns. Intercostal spaces about 24 times as wide as the ribs, crossed by 9 incised spiral lines, of which the third and ninth are equal, and fully doubly as wide as the sec- ond, fourth, and eighth, which are also equal, the rest being well- incised, slender striations. In spacing the first is about as far an- terior to the summit as it is distant from the second, and the second is an equal distance from the third; the third, fourth, eighth, and ninth have about the same spacing, while the space between the fourth and fifth and seventh and eighth is only about one-half as wide, the combined spaces between the fifth and seventh are about equal to one of the spaces of the last-mentioned group, the sixth spiral giving a little wider spacing to the area between the fifth and sixth than the sixth and seventh. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl obtusely angulated. Base short, well rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which become evanescent on its middle, and nine very slender and almost equally spaced, incised lines. Aperture subquadrate. Posterior angle obtuse (outer lip badly fractured); inner lip very thick and provided with a strong oblique fold a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type, an adolescent specimen, Cat. No. 268731, U.S.N.M., was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at sta- tion 5678 off Redondo Point, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, in 134 fathoms, on broken-shell bottom. It has 74 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 3.9 mm.; diameter,1.25mm. Cat. No. 267748, U.S.N.M., contains an adult specimen dredged in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, Lower California, which has lost the nucleus and probably the first three postnuclear turns, the 74 remaining meas- ure—length, 5.8 mm.; diameter, 1.8 mm. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) CORSOENSIS, new species. Plate 45, fig. 8. Shell elongate conic, pale yellowish brown. Nuclear whorls 24, well rounded, forming a very depressed helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns in the first of which it is about one-fourth immersed. Postnuclear whorls flattened in the middle, slightly shouldered at the summit, marked by rather low, narrow, well-rounded, slightly retractively slanting axial ribs, of which 18 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second to fourth, and 18 upon the remaining turns. The ribs become slightly flattened and en- feebled toward the summit. Intercostal spaces about 24 times as wide as the ribs crossed by nine almost equally spaced incised spiral grooves, the first of which is about as far anterior to the summit as that is 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol.52—17——42 658 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. distant from the second. Of these lines the first and second are the weakest, while the fourth and ninth are the strongest, the rest being intermediate. In addition to this sculpture there are many fine in- cremental lines and equally fine spiral striations on the spire which give the surface a fine clothlike texture. Suture well impressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, strongly rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which become evanescent before reaching its middle, and eight almost equal and equally spaced incised spiral lines. Aperture broadly oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip almost straight, oblique, somewhat revolute, and provided with a strong fold a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. The type and four additional specimens, Cat. No. 267722a, U.S.N.M., were dredged in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. The type has 9$ postnuclear whorls and measures— length, 6.1 mm.; diameter, 1.7 mm. Cat. No. 268730, U.S.N.M., con- tains another specimen dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 5678 off Redondo Point, Magdalena Bay, Lower California. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) BAEGERTI, new species. Plate 45, fig. 2. Shell elongate conic, light yellow horn colored. Nuclear whorls 24, well rounded, forming a decidedly depressed helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding whorls, in the first of which the tilted edge of the nucleus is about one-fifth immersed. Postnuclear whorls flattened, slopingly shoul- dred toward the summit, marked by distinctly spaced, well-rounded, very regular, slightly retractively slanting axial ribs of which 18 occur upon the first five and 20 upon the remaining turns. These ribs become decidedly enfeebled and somewhat flattened toward the sum- mit. Intercostal spaces about twice as wide as the ribs crossed by 12 incised spiral lines of which the first to fourth, and the sixth, ninth, and tenth are mere striations while the fifth, seventh, eighth, ~ eleventh, and twelfth are subequal and much stronger. The widest space is between the tenth and eleventh line, the rest of the spacing is subequal, excepting the first four lines below the summit, which are a little more closely crowded. Suture strongly constricted. Periph- ery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, well rounded, marked by the feeble continuation of the axial ribs which become evanescent before reaching the middle of the base and 16 rather closely crowded finely incised spiral lines, the first of which is considerably anterior to the first series of supraperipheral pits. Aperture large, broadly * no.21983. WHST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 659 oval; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip stout, slightly curved and somewhat revolute, provided with a moderately strong oblique fold a little an- terior to its insertion. Parietal wall covered with a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 267744a, U.S.N.M., was collected in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. It has nine post- nuclear whorls and measures—length, 4.8 mm.; diameter, 1.4 mm. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) ULLOA, new species. Plate 43, fig. 4. Shell elongate conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls and all but the last 54 postnuclear turns decollated. The whorls remaining are flattened, almost appressed at the summit, marked by 18 quite regular, shghtly protractively slanting, well-rounded axial ribs. Intercostal spaces shallow, about two times as wide as the ribs, crossed by eight incised spiral grooves, of which the second, third, seventh, and eighth are of equal width and much stronger than the rest; the remaining four are also of equal width, but only about one-fourth as wide as the rest. The spaces between the first and second and second and third are equal and almost doubly as wide as those between the summit and the first, the third and fourth, and sixth and seventh; the space be- tween the seventh and eighth is a trifle narrower than the last men- tioned, and those between the fourth and fifth and fifth and sixth are a little less wide than this. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which become evanescent before reaching the middle of the base, and 11 strongly incised subequally spaced lines. These is a broad smooth band below the periphery equal to the space between the first and second incised line on the spire of the last whorl. Aperture broadly oval, posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the ex- ternal sculpture within; inner lip slender, very oblique, and decidedly revolute, provided with a moderately strong fold immediately below the insertion; parietal wall covered by a thick callus. The type, Cat. No. 267744e, U.S.N.M., was dredged in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. It consists of a little more than the last five whorls and measures—length, 4 mm.; diam- eter, 1.2 mm. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) CABRILLOI, new species. Plate 45, fig. 3. Shell broadly elongate conic, pale yellow horn colored. Nuclear whorls 24, well rounded, forming a decidedly depressed helicoid spire having its axis at right angles to that of the succeeding whorls, in the first of which. the tilted edge is about one-fourth immersed. 660 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 52. Postnuclear whorls strongly roundly shouldered at the summit, flat- tened in the middle, crossed by strong sublamellar, slightly protrac- tively slanting axial ribs, of which 16 occur upon the first and second and 18 upon the remaining turns, excepting the last, which has 20. Intercostal spaces about one and one-half times as wide as the ribs, crossed by 11 incised spiral lines, of which the first three are mere striations, while the fourth and the peripheral are wider than the rest, which are about half their width. Suture rather strongly con- stricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, narrowly umbilicated, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which become evanescent before reaching the middle of the base and seven equal incised spiral lines, of which the first three occupy about as much space as that separating the third from the fourth; the rest become successively closer spaced anteriorly. The space between the first basal line and the peripheral pit is a very broad smooth band. Aperture very broadly oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip thin, slightly curved and somewhat revolute, provided with a weak oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. The type, Cat. No. 268733 U.S.N.M., was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 5678 off Redondo Point, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, in 134 fathoms, on broken- shell bottom. It has 94 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 5.5'mm.; diameter, 1.6 mm. TURBONILLA (CINGULINA) URDENETA, new species. Plate 45, fig. 1. Shell elongate-conic, yellowish white, semi-translucent. Nuclear whorls deeply obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeeding turns above which only the tilted edge of the last volution projects. Post- nuclear whorls well rounded, the first smooth, the second with 2, and the next three with 3 spiral keels, while the rest have 4 between the summit and the suture. The summits of the whorls are feebly shouldered; the first spiral keels fall on the anterior termination of the posterior third of the whorls between the summit and the suture, the space between the summit and this keel being concave. The second and third keels are as strong as the first and are separated from each other by a space a little more than half the width of that between the first and the summit, while the fourth keel is separated from the third by only half that space. The entire surface of the spire, excepting the summit of the keels is crossed by numerous closely spaced very slender axial threads and microscopic spiral striations. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. * No. 21983. WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 661 Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by the fine axial incre- mental threads, and closely spaced, fine, wavy, spiral striations. Aper- ture broadly oval, somewhat effuse anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin showing the external sculpture within and rendered sinuous at the edge by the strong markings; inner lip very slender, strongly curved, reflected over, and appressed to the base for half its length; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The type, and 42 specimens, Cat. No. 267740, were dredged in shal- low water in Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. The type has 84 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 5.7 mm.; diameter, 1.5 mm. Cat. No. 266536 U.S.N.M. contains another specimen dredged in shallow water in Magdalena Bay, Lower California, and Cat. No. 268640 U.S.N.M. contains three dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 5678, off Redondo Point, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, in 134 fathoms on broken shell bottom. TURBONILLA (MORMULA) SEBASTIANI, new species. Plate 42, fig. 9. Shell large, elongate-conic, pale brown. Nuclear whorls 23, de- cidedly depressed helicoid, having their axis at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which the tilted edge is about one-fourth immersed. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, almost ap- pressed at the summit, crossed by well-rounded, sublamellar, slightly protractively slanting axial ribs, of which 18 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second to seventh, 18 upon the eighth to tenth, and 20 upon the remaining turns. In addition to the axial ribs the whorls are marked at irregular intervals by rather ill-defined varices. Intercostal spaces about three times as wide as the ribs crossed by 14 incised spiral lines, of which the fourth, sixth, and fourteenth are equal and much stronger than the rest. These are followed by the second, eighth, eleventh, and thirteenth, which are also of equal width but only about half as wide. The rest are also subequal and about half as strong as the last named series. Suture moderately con- stricted. Periphery obscurely angulated. Base short, well-rounded, marked only by incremental lines and eight strong, incised, spiral lines which decrease successively in spacing from the periphery ante- riorly. Aperture small, subquadrate; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip very thick, reenforced within by three spiral lamellae of which the posterior two are very strong while the anterior one is feeble. The median fold is about opposite the periphery of the last whorl, while the posterior divides the space between this and the posterior angle of the aperture in two equal parts. The anterior is a trifle farther from the median than that is from the posterior fold. Inner 662 ; PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. lip very thick, almost straight, provided with an obscure, very oblique fold a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall glazed by a thin callus. The type Cat. No. 268684 U.S.N.M. was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 5678, off Redondo Point, Magdalena Bay, Lower California. It has 14 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 10 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. UGARTEA, new subgenus. Turbonillas with a fold on the parietal wall. Type.—Turbonilla (Ugartea) juani Bartsch. TURBONILLA (UGARTEA) JUANI, new species. Plate 48, fig. 5. Shell broadly elongate conic, bluish white. Nuclear whorls at least 2, planorboid, having their axis almost at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are about half immersed. Postnuclear whorls appressed at the summit with a strong sloping shoulder, which extends over the posterior fourth of the space be- tween the summit and the suture, the rest flattened ; marked by strong, rounded, distantly spaced, almost vertical, axial ribs of which 14 occur upon the first and 12 upon all the remaining, excepting the last, which has 14. The ribs form cusps at the anterior angle of the shoulder, anterior to which they become enfeebled. Intercostal spaces shallow, about 24 times as wide as the ribs, marked by closely spaced miscroscopic spiral striations only. Immediately behind the aperture on the last turn the ribs become obsolete. Suture moder- ately impressed. Periphery of the last whorl rounded. Base pro- longed, marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which become evanescent before reaching the middle. Aperture narrowly oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thick within, provided with three lamellar denticles on the inner surface; inner lip short, strong de- cidedly revolute continuing posteriorly into the very strong parietal callus, which becomes disjunct from the preceding whorl at the outer edge, which renders the peritreme complete. The inner lip is pro- vided with a strong oblique fold at its insertion, while the parietal wall bears a short fold about halfway between this and the posterior angle of the aperture. The type and another specimen, Cat. No. 268638, U.S.N.M., were collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at sta- tion 5678, off Redondo Point, Magdalena Bay, Lower California in 134 fathoms on broken shell bottom. The type has seven postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 4.2 mm.; diameter, 1.8 mm. | oe No. 2198. WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 663 TURBONILLA (MORMULA) VISCAINOI, new species. Plate 48, fig. 3. Shell elongate-conic, yellowish-white. Nuclear whorls two, well rounded, forming a moderately elevated helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which the tilted edge is about one-third immersed. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, almost appressed at the summit, crossed by strong, low, well-rounded, distantly spaced, protractive axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first and second, 16 upon the third to sixth, and 18 upon the remaining turns. In addition to the ribs the whorls are marked at irregular intervals by rather strong varices. Inter- costal spaces about three times as wide as the ribs, crossed by five spiral pits, which, if the second were a little more anterior, would divide the space between the summit and the fifth pit, which is at the periphery, into five equal spaces. The spaces between these slender pits are crossed by many very fine spiral striations, of which there are about 13 between the summit and the first pit, 5 between the first and second, 9 between the second and third, 11 between the third and fourth, and 6 between the fourth and peripheral pit. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded, base short, well rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which become evanescent before reaching the middle of the base and many fine wavy spiral striations which agree with those on the spire in strength and spacing. Aperture short, subquadrate, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, reenforced within by four slender spiral lamelle, two of which are anterior and two posterior to the periphery; inner lip slightly flexuose, almost straight, and somewhat revolute; parietal wall glazed with a very thin callus. The type Cat. No. 268734 U.S.N.M. was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 5678, off Redondo Point, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, in 134 fathoms on broken shell bottom. The type has nine postnuclear whorls and measures— length, 4.3 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) TARAVALT, new species. Plate 46, fig. 3. Shell elongate-conic, semitransparent, bluish white. Nuclear whorls, at least 2, well rounded, forming a planorboid spire, the axis of which is almost at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which the nuclear spire is about half obliquely immersed. Postnuclear whorls flattened, narrowly, tabulatedly shouldered at the summit, marked by strong, well-rounded, retractive axial ribs, of 664 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. which 18 occur upon the first and 16 upon the remaining whorls, except the last, which has 20. These ribs pass prominently from the shoulder to the peripheral sulcus. In addition to the axial sculpture the first 4 turns are crossed by 4 equal and equally spaced, flattened spiral cords, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the rest of the turns the subperipheral cord comes into the suture and on the penultimate whorl forms a well-developed 5-spiral cord on the spire. The spaces enclosed by the axial ribs and spiral cords are deeply impressed oblong pits, while the junction of the ribs and spiral cords form well-rounded tubercles. Suture of the early turns, where the fifth spiral is still below the summit of the succeeding turn, deeply channeled, less so on the later whorls. Periphery of the last turn strongly rounded. Base short, inflated, strongly rounded, marked by nine strong, rounded, spiral cords which are almost equal and as wide as the spaces that separate them. The grooves between these spiral cords are crossed by numerous slender axial riblets. Aperture oval; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; inner lip slender, thin, somewhat revolute, provided with a strong oblique fold at its inser- tion. Parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 267743a@ U.S.N.M. was dredged in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. It has seven postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 3.8 mm.; diameter, 1.38 mm. Another specimen, Cat. No. 268635 U.S.N.M. was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 5678, off Redondo Point, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, in 134 fathoms, on broken shell bottom. ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) SANTAMARIENSIS, new species. Plate 46, fig. 1. Shell stout, oval, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls decollated, the pit left in the apex of the type shows that it must have been strongly immersed in the first of the postnuclear turns. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, feebly shouldered at the summit, marked by rather slender axial ribs, of which 20 occur upon all the turns. In addition to the axial ribs the whorls are marked by 5 spiral cords, which are a little stronger than the ribs. The cords are about as wide as the spaces that separate them, their junctions with the ribs form rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are strongly impressed concaved pits. Suture not channeled. Base rather long, somewhat inflated, well rounded, marked by 10 strong spiral cords, which decrease in size gradually and regularly from the periphery to the umbilical chink. The grooves between these spiral cords, which are about equal to the cords in width, are armed by * No. 2198. WHST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSOH. 665 numerous slender axial riblets. Aperture oval, decidedly effuse an- teriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, rendered wavy at the edge by the external sculpture; inner lip long, oblique, curved, some- what revolute, provided with a strong oblique fold at its insertion; parietal] wall covered by a moderately thick callus. The type, Cat. No. 266180, U.S.N.M., was dredged in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, lower California. It has 4$ postnuclear whorls and measures, length, 3.5 mm.; diameter, 1.9 mm. ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) VALEROI, new species. Plate 46, fig. 7. Shell ovate, narrowly umbilicated, thin, bluish white. Nuclear whorls small, completely, deeply, obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding turns. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, appressed at the summit, crossed by numerous very fine, closely _ spaced spiral striations. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl inflated, well rounded. Base short, inflated, strongly rounded, narrowly umbilicated. Aperture broadly oval; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, protracted between the summit and periphery to form a claw-like element; inner lip decidedly curved, slender, and somewhat revolute, provided with a strong oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type and another specimen, Cat. No. 266545, U.S.N.M., were dredged in shallow water in Magdalena Bay, lower California. The type has five postnuclear whorls and measures, length, 3 mm; diame- ter, 1.7 mm. Six additional specimens, Cat. No. 267754, U.S.N.M., were dredged in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, lower California. ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) FRANCISCANA, new species. Plate 45, fig. 7. Shell thin, broadly elongate conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls small, deeply embedded in the first of the succeeding turns, above which the tilted edge of the last volution only projects. Postnuclear whorls inflated, well rounded, feebly shouldered at the summit, marked by almost vertical, very feeble, incremental lines and ex- ceedingly fine, closely spaced, spiral striations. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl very feebly angulated. Base short, inflated, well rounded, with a very narrow umbilical chink. Aperture large; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin; inner lip strongly curved, somewhat refiected and provided with a strong, oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type and three specimens, Cat. No. 214431, U.S.N.M., were collected at United States Bureau of Fisheries Station 5729, in San 666 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. Francisco Bay, on sticky, nearly black, mud in 4% fathoms. Cat. No. 214432, U.S.N.M., contains four additional specimens, also from San Francisco Bay, dredged at U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Station 5781, on coarse sand, pebbly and shell bottom, in 93 to 16 fathoms. ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) WILLETTI, new species. Plate 43, fig. 6. Shell large, elongate conic, bluish white. Nuclear whorls ob- liquely immersed in the first of the succeeding turns, above which the tilted edge of the last volution only projects. Postnuclear whorls moderately rounded, appressed at the summit, the early ones marked by a moderate number of strongly incised lines, while on the later whorls the incised spiral lines are finer and much more numerous, in addition to the spiral sculpture the whorls are marked by decidedly retractively slanting, incremental lines. Suture moderately con- stricted. Periphery of the last whorl inflated, feebly angulated. Base attenuated, moderately rounded. Aperture oval, somewhat effuse anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin; inner lip very oblique, stout, slightly curved, reflected over and appressed to the base, provided with a strong oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. The type, Cat. No. 274007, U.S.N.M., was dredged by Mr. G. Willett, at Waterfall Cannery, west side of Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. It has almost seven postnuclear whorls and measures— length, 5.8 mm.; diameter, 2.4mm. Another specimen from the same locality is in Mr. Willett’s collection. ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) PLEIOREGONA, new species. Plate 42, fig. 5; plate 45, fig. 6. Shell broadly conic, white. Nuclear whorls deeply immersed in the first of the succeeding turns, above which the tilted edge of the last volution only projects. Postnuclear whorls flattened, appressed at the summit, all of them marked by very fine, closely spaced, spiral striations and decidedly retractively slanting, fine incremental lines. Suture moderately impressed. Periphery of the last whorl! inflated, obtusely angulated. Base short, well rounded. Aperture large, slightly effused anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin; inner lip oblique, slightly revolute, and appressed to the base for its posterior half and provided with a strong, oblique fold at its inser- tion; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. The two cotypes, Cat. No. 252430, U.S.N.M., were collected by Harold Hannibal in the upper Pliocene, Elk River beds, at the mouth, of Elk River, near Port Orford, Oregon. One of these is a young > No.2198. WEHST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 667 specimen, having five postnuclear whorls, which measures—length, 3.6 mm.; diameter, 2.1mm. The other is an adult, having three and one-fifth postnuclear whorls, and measures—length, 4.8 mm.; diam- eter, 2.8 mm. I confused this species previously with Odostomia (Evalea) steph- enst Dall and Bartsch, which is a recent form, but additional material of O. stephensi makes it necessary to change my opinion and requires that this be described as new. ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) ORFORDENSIS, new species. Plate 43, fig. 2. Shell small, oval. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls appressed at the summit, well rounded, marked by slightly retrac- tively slanting, incremental lines and exceedingly fine spiral stria- tions. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded. Aperture oval; posterior angle acute; inner lip curved and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. The type, Cat. No. 252481, U.S.N.M., was collected by Harold Hannibal in the upper Pliocene, Elk River bed, at the mouth of Elk River, at Port Orford, Oregon. It consists of the last three and one- half postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 3 mm.; diameter, 1.6 mm. This form I had previously identified as Odostomia (Hvalea) val- ensi Dall and Bartsch, which is a recent form, but additional material cies makes it possible to determine the limits of variation of it and also requires that this shell be given a distinct name. ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) ANDERSONI, new name. BHulimella californica ANDERSON and Martin, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1914, p. 67, pl. 7, figs. 19a, 196, and 19c, not Odostomia (EHvalea) california Dall and Bartsch, Bull. 68, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1909, pp. 20-25. This is an Odostomia belonging to the subgenus (#'valea); the name californica being preoccupied makes the new name necessary. The specimens were collected in the Lower Miocene in the bottom of a small canyon, about 14 miles due north of Barker’s ranch house, Kern County, California. The type No. 141 and cotype No. 142 are in the California Academy of Sciences. The type measures—length, 4.5 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. ODOSTOMIA (ODOSTOMIA) ORCUTTI, new species. Plate 46, fig. 8. Shell minute, pupoid, pale brown, marked by retractively slanting, incremental lines only. Nuclear whorls deeply immersed in the first 668 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 52, of the succeeding turns. Postnuclear whorls slightly rounded and appressed at the summit, the summit of the last one dropping some little distance below the periphery of the preceding whorl gives to the penultimate whorl an overhanging aspect. Suture moderately impressed. Periphery of the last whorl slightly inflated. Base mod- erately long, strongly rounded, with a narrow umbilical chink. Ap- erture oval; onter lip thin; inner lip slightly curved, strongly re- flected, and provided with a very strong, oblique fold a little ante- rior to its insertion; parietal wall covered with a moderately thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 274006, U.S.N.M., was dredged by C. R. Orcutt near the foot of Broadway in San Diego Bay, California. It has four and one-fifth postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 1.5 mm.; diameter, 0.8 mm. The minute size and pupoid shape distinguish the shell at once from any of the Western American Cdostomias. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) CHARLOTTENSIS, new species. Plate 46, figs. 9, 11. Shell elongate conic, pale brown. Nuclear whorls strongly rounded, three, forming a slender very elevated spire, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, marked by rather strong, almost vertical axial ribs of which 14 occur upon the first four turns, 16 upon the fifth, 18 upon the sixth, and 20 upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces a little wider than the ribs. The spiral sculpture consists of three strong cords, of which the one at the summit is a little less strong than the other two. The junction of the spiral cords and the axial ribs form strong tubercles, those on the cord at the summit are well rounded, while those of the median cord are truncated anteriorly and posteriorly. The tubercles of the third cord are truncated posteriorly and sloped gently ante- riorly. The spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and the axial ribs are well-rounded pits. Suture moderately constricted. Periph- ery of the last whorl marked by a spiral groove, which equals in strength and width the groove that separates the median from the third cord on the spire. Base short, well rounded, smooth, excepting the exceedingly fine incremental lines and microscopic spiral stria- tions which are also present on the spire and a very slender basal fasciole which surrounds the insertion of the inner lip. Aperture decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, decidedly sinuous at the edge; inner lip rendered decidedly flexuose; parietal wall cov- ered by a thin callus. wi I lla ’ no. 2193. WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 669 The type and three paratypes, Cat. No. 225185, U.S.N.M., were collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, at station 4205, in 60 fathoms, on mud bottom; bottom temperature 47.6° in Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia. ‘The type, which has lost the first 2 nuclear whorls, has 74 postnuclear turns and measures—length, 5 mm.; diameter, 1.7 mm. The nuclear whorls were described from one of the paratypes. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) GRIPPI, new species. Plate 46, fig. 12. Shell of medium size, chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls 44, smooth, well rounded, forming a moderately elevated apex, which is trans- parent. Postnuclear whorls narrowly shouldered at the summit, moderately rounded in the middle, decidedly contracted from the last spiral cord to the suture, marked by slender, slightly retractive axial ribs, of which 14 occur on the first, 16 upon the second and third, 18 upon the fourth and fifth, and 20 upon the remaining turns. In- tercostal spaces about half as wide as the ribs. In addition to this axial sculpture, the whorls are marked by three strong spiral cords, of which the one at the summit is a trifle weaker than the other two. The junction of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form very prom- inent, well rounded tubercles, of which those on the first and median cords are well rounded, while those on the third cord are truncated posteriorly and sloped gently anteriorly. The spaces inclosed be- tween the cords and the axial ribs are well-rounded, well-impressed pits. Suture almost channeled. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a broad groove, which is a little wider than the groove be- tween the median and the third cord. The axial ribs extend across this groove, but stop at its anterior limit. Base short, well rounded, marked by 2 strong spiral grooves, of which one is on the median part, while the other encircles the insertion of the inner lip. The entire surface of the spire and the base is marked by very fine in- eremental lines and much finer spiral striations. Aperture of irreg- ular shape, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle very obtuse; outer lip somewhat effuse, rendered decidedly sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture; columella very strong; inner lip re- flected and appressed to the columella. Parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The type and another specimen, Cat. No. 250632, U.S.N.M., were collected by Mr. Gripp, in 15 fathoms, outside of kelp, off San Diego Bay, California. The type has 8$ postnuclear whorls and measures— length, 4.7 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. Two additional specimens in Mr. Gripp’s collection were examined. 670 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) BAKERI, new species. Plate 46, fig. 10. Shell of medium size, chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls 34, well rounded, smooth, forming a styliform apex. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly, tabulatedly shouldered at the summit, and decidedly contracted anterior to the third keel, marked by rather slender axial ribs, of which 18 occur upon the first to fourth, 20 upon the fifth, 22 upon the sixth, and 24 upon the last turn. Inter- costal spaces about 14 times as wide as the ribs. In addition to the axial sculpture the whorls are marked by three strong spiral keels of which the first, which is considerably weaker than the rest, is at the summit. These keels are about as wide as the spaces that sepa- rate them and are much stronger than the axial ribs. The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral keels form tubercles. The tubercles on the first keel are well rounded, while those on the second and third are truncated posteriorly and slope gently anteriorly. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a deep spiral groove which is as wide as that separating the median from the third keel. This groove is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs which stop at the anterior termination of the groove. Suture strongly channeled. Base moderately long, slightly concave, marked by a very strong spiral keel immediately anterior to the peripheral groove. The anterior border of this keel is limited by a slender incised line. A second low, weakly developed spiral cord encircles the middle of the base between the basal fasciole, which is a mere slender thread at the insertion of the columella, and the keel immediately anterior to the periphery. Aperture of irregular shape, decidedly channeled an- teriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous at the edge by the strong external sculpture; inner lip decidedly flexuose, reflected over and adnate to the base; parietal wall covered with a moderately thick callus. The type, Cat. No. 223049, U.S.N.M., was collected by Dr. Fred Baker in 7-10 fathoms, south of Coronado Island, California. It has 74_postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 4.2 mm.; diameter, 1.5 mm. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) HELENA, new species. Plate 46, fig. 2. Shell very small. Nuclear whorls 44, light yellow, slightly rounded, separated by a moderately constricted suture forming an acicular apex. Postnuclear whorls chestnut brown, excepting the first keel which is white on all the whorls, tabulatedly shouldered at the summit, moderately rounded and strongly constricted below the a. no. 2198. WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 671 third spiral keel, marked by rather feeble axial ribs, which are slightly retractive. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first and second, 18 upon the third, 20 upon the fourth, and 24 upon the penultimate whorl]. The spiral sculpture consists of three strong keels which are a little wider than the spaces that separate them and considerably wider than the axial ribs. The first of these is at the summit, the second one midway between the first and third, while the third is a little posterior to the suture. The junction of the axial ribs and spiral keels renders the spiral keels tubercular. The tubercles on the first cord are oval with their long axis corresponding to the axial sculpture. The tubercles on the median cord are truncated both anteriorly and posteriorly, but sloped a little more gently anteriorly, while the tubercles on the third cord are truncated abruptly pos- teriorly and gently anteriorly. Suture narrowly channeled. Pe- riphery of the last whorl marked by a deep spiral sulcus, which is as wide as that separating the third from the median cord on the spire. This groove is crossed by the continuations of the axial rib which terminate at its anterior margin. Base moderately long, marked by a strong spiral keel immediately anterior to the peripheral sulcus, and another a little less strong in the middle of the space be- tween the insertion of the columella and this keel. This middle keel is bordered on each side by a deep sulcus. In addition to this, the entire spire and base also bear exceedingly fine spiral striations and incremental lines. Aperture of irregular outline, decidedly chan- neled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thick within, thin at the edge where it is rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella very stout, almost vertical; inner lip moderately strong, reflected over and adnate to the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The type, Cat. No. 204128, U.S.N.M., was collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, on the shores of Panama Bay. It has six postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 2.9 mm.; diameter 1.0 mm. CERITHIOPSIS OROVILLENSIS Dickerson. Cerithiopsis orovillensis DICKERSON, Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Cal., vol. 9, No. 17, 1916, p. 489, pl. 39, fig. 7. The type comes from the Kocene Tejon formation at the University of California locality 2225, south side of Oroville, South Table Mountain. It has nine whorls and measures—length, 6 mm.; diam- eter, 2 mm. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) DUMBLEI Dickerson. Cerithiopsis dumbiei DicKERSoN, Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. of Cal., vol. 9, No. 17, 1916, p. 489, pl. 38, fig. 12. The figured type has nine whorls; the specimen measures, length, 9.5 mm, 672 PROCEEDINGS OF THH NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. It was collected in the Eocene Tejon formation at the University of California locality 672, SE. 4 of NW. 4 sec. 24, Parson’s Peak, in Tejon white sandstone, 0 to 10 feet below white shale. CERITHIOPSIS OREGONENSIS Dickerson. Cerithiopsis oregonensis DIcKERSON, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 4, 1914, p. 121, pl. 11, figs. 5, 5a. The type of this species, No. 246, California Academy of Sciences, comes from the Eocene, locality 25, Roseburg Quadrangle, Oregon, near the center of sec. 19, T. 26 S., R. 3 W., on the east bank of Little River at its confluence with the Umpqua, underneath the bridge at that point. It measures—length, 20 mm.; diameter, 4.5 mm. CERITHIOPSIS BOLINGERENSIS Clark. Cerithiopsis bolingerensis CLARK, Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Cal., vol. 8, 1915, pp. 490, 491, pl. 65, fig. 25. This species comes from the Miocene Upper San Pablo of Las Trampas Ridge, University of California locality 1182. It is said to have seven or eight whorls and measures about 8 mm. in length. CERITHIOPSIS TURNERI Clark. Cerithiopsis turneri CLark, Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Cal., vol. 8, 1915, p. 490, pl. 65, figs. 1, 2. This specimen comes from the Miocene, in the Lower San Pablo group at Kirker Pass, University of California locality 100. The type is said to have 10 to 11 whorls and measures—length, about 15 mm.; diameter, 4 mm. BITTIUM BARTOLOMENSIS, new species. Plate 47, fig. 5. Shell stout, very broadly conic, with deeply channeled suture, the posterior half between the summit and suture of each whorl and the posterior half of the base brown, the rest white. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear turns marked by broad, rounded axial ribs, of which 16 occur upon the second to fifth, 18 upon the sixth, and 20 upon the last turn. These ribs extend strongly from the rather prominent shoulder at the summit to the suture. The spiral seulp- ture consists of four equally strong and equally spaced cords, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the last two turns a slender intercalated spiral thread appears between the second and third and the third and fourth cords. The junction of the axial ribs and spiral cords form quite strong well-rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed by them are rather deep concave pits except where they are divided by the intercalated threads. Suture strongly > no. 2193. WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 673 constricted, channeled. Periphery of the last whorl rendered angu- lated by a cord, the groove between which and the fourth cord of the spire is crossed by two slender spiral threads. Base short, concave in the middle, marked by seven subequal and subequally spaced low rounded spiral cords, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them, and numerous very fine axial threads which are best shown in the grooves. Aperture oval, slightly protracted and weakly channeled anteriorly ; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; inner lip oblique, shghtly curved, reflected over and appressed to the base; parietil wall covered by a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 266937, U.S.N.M., was dredged in shallow water in San Bartolome Bay, Lower California. Jt has 74 post- nuclear whorls and measures—length, 6.6 mm.; diameter, 2.6 mm. BITTIUM CHALLISAE, new species. Plate 47, figs. 2, 6. Shell very large, white. Nucleus and early postnuclear turns de- collated, those remaining slightly shouldered at the summit, weakly rounded in the middle and decidedly contracted immediately above the suture, marked by rather strong, low, well-rounded axial ribs of which 14 occur upon the second and third, 16 upon the fourth to sixth, 18 upon the seventh, and 20 upon the last turn. The spiral sculpture consists of four cords on the early whorls, of which the first, at the summit, is a little weaker than the rest. These primary cords are truncated posteriorly and slope gently antericrly. Begin- ning with the fourth whorl an intercalated thread makes its appear- ance between all the cords and between the summit and the first cord. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl rendered angulated by a cord. Base short, slightly concave, marked by five low, broad, well rounded, obsolete cords which are subequal and sub- equally spaced. Aperture broadly oval, rather strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture, showing the external markings within; inner lip somewhat sinuous, rather stout, reflected over and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered by a moderately thick callus. The type and another specimen, Cat. No. 272376, U.S.N.M., were collected by Miss Bertha Challis at San Juan Island, Gulf of Geor- gia, British Columbia. The type has nine whorls remaining and measures—length, 13 mm.; diameter, 4.2 mm. 65008°—Proe.N.M.vol.52—17——48 674 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52. BITTIUM SANTAMARIENSIS, new species. Plate 47, fig. 3. Shell elongate conic, pale brown. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post- nuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly tabulatedly shouldered at the summit, becoming decidedly contracted between the fourth spiral cord and the suture, marked by narrow, well-rounded, almost vertical axial ribs of which 14 occur upon the first and second, 16 upon the third and fourth, 18 upon the fifth, and 20 upon the last turn. In addition to the axial sculpture, the whorls are marked by four strong spiral cords which are equal and equally spaced, the space between them being as wide as the cords. The first of these cords is at the summit. The junction of these cords and the axial ribs form elon- gated, well-rounded tubercles, while the spaces between them form rectangular pits, the long axis of which coincides with the spiral sculpture. On the last whorl a slender spiral thread is present in each groove between the raised keels. Periphery marked by a rather strong spiral cord. The space between this and the fourth cord on the spire bears a slender spiral thread. Base moderately long, con- cave, marked by 8 slender spiral threads which are not quite as broad as the spaces that separate them. Aperture broadly oval, moderately channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous by the spiral sculpture; inner lip oblique, somewhat concave, reflected over and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 268623, U.S.N.M., was collected in shallow water in Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. It has 64 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 4.9 m.; diameter, 2 mm. BITTIUM SANJUANENSIS, new species. Plate 47, fig. 4. Shell very large, rather thin, bluish white. Nuclear whorls decol- lated. Postnuclear whorls almost appressed at the summit, well rounded, decidedly contracted immediately posterior to the suture, marked by strong, broad, heavy, slightly protractive axial ribs which become enfeebled toward the summit and slightly widened there. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the second and third, 14 upon the fourth and fifth, and 16 upon the last whorl. Intercostal spaces not quite as broad as the ribs. The spiral sculpture consists of five cords, of which the first, which is at the summit, is very slender. The two succeeding this are successively a trifle stronger, while the fourth and fifth are very strong, the last being the heaviest of all. The junction of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form well-rounded, elongated ncedules which have their long axis parallel with the spiral * no. 2193. WHST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 675 sculpture; the spaces inclosed between them are very shallow, rec- tangular pits. In addition to the above sculpture the entire surface of the spire and base is marked by many very slender lines of growth and exceedingly fine microscopic spiral striations, the combination of which gives the surface a somewhat cloth-like texture. Suture strongly constricted; it would be channeled were it not for the fact that the peripheral keel makes its appearance above the summit of the whorl, hence removes the strongly channeled element. Periphery of the last whorl marked by strong spiral cord, which is about as far anterior to the fifth cord of the spire as that is separated from the fourth. Base very short, decidedly concave, marked by three slender spiral cords, of which the first is about as far anterior to the pe- riphery as that is distant from the fifth cord on the spire. The other two cords are very slender, the first being at the base of the columella, while the next is a little distance posterior to it. Aperture subquad- rate; quite strongly channeled anteriorly; the junction of the outer and basal lip forming almost a right angle; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip very thin, showing the external sculpture within and ren- dered sinuous by the external sculpture at the edge; inner lip de- cidedly oblique, slightly curved, slender, reflected and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 168753, U.S.N.M., was collected by Miss Challis off San Juan Island, Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia. It has lost the nuclear turns; 74 postnuclear whorls remaining measure—length, 11 mm.; diameter, 3.8 mm. BITTIUM SERRA, new species. Plate 47, fig. 1. Shell stout, broadly conic, grayish white. Nuclear whorls de- collated. Postnuclear whorls appressed at the summit, strongly rounded, marked by slender, rounded, somewhat retractive axial ribs, of which 18 occur upon the first and second, 20 upon the third, 22 upon the fourth, and 24 upon the remaining turns. In addition to the axial sculpture, the whorls are marked by four spiral cords, of which the first, which is at the summit, is a little weaker than the rest. The junction of these cords with the axial ribs form prominent, strongly rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are rounded pits. Suture moderately constricted but not channeled. Periphery of the last whorl rendered angulated by a spiral cord. Base short, slightly concave, marked by four very low, broad, almost equal, spiral cords, which are separated by mere impressed lines. Aperture oval, narrowly, twistedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered wavy by the external sculpture; inner lip decidedly curved, somewhat revolute, reflected over and ap- pressed to the base; parietal wall covered with a thin callus. 676 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 52. The type, Cat. No. 271076, U.S.N.M., was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, at station 4310, off Point Loma Light, California, in 71 to 75 fathoms, on green mud and fine sand bottom. The type has lost the nucleus and probably the first postnuclear turn; the 6} remaining measure—length, 6.5 mm.; di- ameter, 2.6 mm. Cat. No. 268745, U.S.N.M., contains another speci- men from San Bartolome Bay, Lower California. BITTIUM TRAMPASENSIS Clark. Bittium trampasensis CLARK, Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Cal., vol. 8, 1915, pp. 489, 490, pl. 65, figs. 3. 5. This species occurs in the Miocene, Upper San Pablo group, at University of California locality 118. Two specimens are figured, both incomplete; the measurement given is 8 mm. for the height. BITTIUM ? PABLOENSIS Clark. Bittium pabloensis CLARK, Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Cal., vol. 8, No. 22, 1915, p. 489, pl. 65, fig. 10. The unique type came from the Miocene of the San Pablo group of San Pablo Bay. From the description and figure I would un- hesitatingly say that this is not a Bittium, but I am unwilling to refer it to another group without more evidence. The type is said to have six or seven whorls and to measure—length, about 16 mm.; diameter, 8 mm. BITTIUM LONGISSIMUM Cooper. Bittin longissimum Coorrr, Bull. 4, Cala. State Min. Bur., 1894, p. 43, pl. 2, fig. 30. 2 I overlooked this specimen in my paper on The Recent and Fossil Mollusks of the Genus Bittium from the West Coast of America.* It is a slender specimen of 16 whorls, measuring—length, 12.25 mm.; diameter, 1.55 mm. It was collected by Mr. Watts in the weir at Marysville Buttes. The figure above cited is a wretched one, ab- solutely unrecognizable. A specimen from the type locality is nicely figured by Dickerson.’ BITTIUM WASHINGTONIANA Dickerson. Triforis washingtoniana Dickerson, Cala. Acad. Sci., vol. 5, 1915, p. 63, pl. 6, figs 13: This is not a Zriphoris, but a Bittium. The No. 362 Cala. Acad. Sci. type has 9 whorls and measures—length, 20 mm.; diameter, 4.5 mm. It comes from the Eocene-Tejon formation locality 183 on the west bank of the Cowlitz River, about one and three-fourths miles southeast of Vadar (Little Falls), Washington. 1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, 1911, pp. 383-414, pls. 51-58. 2 Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. California, vol. 9, No. 17, 1916, pl. 40, fig. 11. * no. 21983. WHST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 677 ALVANIA BARTOLOMENSIS, new species. Plate 46, fig. 4. Shell very elongate ovate, pale yellow, slightly mottled and _ streaked with rust brown. Nuclear whorls 25, smooth, well rounded. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, marked by incised spiral lines which are of somewhat irregular strength and spacing. Of these lines 17 occur between the summit and the pe- riphery of the last whorl. The axial sculpture is reduced to mere lines of growth. Suture moderately constricted, periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by incised spiral lines which are of equal strength and spac- ing. Aperture irregular, decidedly effuse at the junction of the outer and basal lip; slightly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin at the edge, thick within. Inner lip short, thick, slightly curved, reflected over and appressed to the somewhat atten- uated base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. The type, Cat. 268742, U.S.N.M., was collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, in shallow water in San Bar- tolome Bay, Lower California. It has 43 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 4.2 mm.; diameter, 1.9 mm. ALVANIA KYSKAENSIS, new species. Plate 46, fig. 6. Shell elongate ovate, pale brownish yellow. Nuclear whorls one and one-half, well rounded, marked by very slender spiral striations and exceedingly fine incremental lines. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, weakly shouldered at the summit, marked by slender axial riblets which are somewhat sinuous and slightly retractively slanting. Of these ribs 24 occur upon the first, 26 upon the second, and 40 upon the penultimate turn; these are about one-third as wide as the spaces that separate them. In addition to the axial sculpture, the whorls are marked by four spiral cords, of which the first, which is about as far from the summit as it is distant from the second, is very weak on the first two whorls, but on the last assumes almost the strength of the other three cords. The other three cords are of equal strength and spacing. The junction of the axial ribs and the spiral cords, which are a little stronger than the ribs, form weak nodules, while the spaces inclosed between them appear as well impressed, squarish pits. In addition to this sculpture, the entire surface is marked by - very fine incremental lines and numerous miscroscopic spiral stria- tions, the two lending it a cloth-like texture. Suture strongly con- stricted. On the last whorl the first basal keel makes its appear- ance above the summit of the succeeding turn. Periphery of the Jast whorl marked by a spiral sulcus about as wide as those separat- ing the cords on the spire. Base well rounded, marked by seven equal 678 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 52. and equally spaced low, well-rounded spiral cords, which are a little wider than the spaces that separate them. Aperture subcircular; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip strongly curved, rendered somewhat sinuous by the external sculpture; inner lip strongly curved; parietal wall covered by a thick callus which renders the peritreme almost complete. The type and three specimens of this species, Cat. No. 271407, U.S.N.M., were collected by Dr. William H. Dall in,shallow water at Kyska Harbor, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. The type has 34 post- nuclear whorls and measures—length, 2.5 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. ALVANIA DINORA, new species. Plate 46, fig. 5. Shell small, elongate ovate, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls two, strongly rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, almost appressed at the summit and moderately constricted at the suture, marked by 7 very low, flattened spiral cords between the sutures, which are separated by a shallow impressed line. The axial sculpture consists of numerous very slender threads which are almost vertical. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl somewhat inflated, well rounded, base moderately long, slightly at- tenuated anteriorly, marked by 6 low, ill-defined rounded spiral cords, which, like those on the spire, are separated by mere impressed lines. The axial ribs also continue over the base. Aperture broadly oval, ‘decidedly effuse at the junction of the basal and the outer lip; poste- ricr angle obtuse; outer lip thick within, thin at the edge, evenly curved from the posterior angle to its Junction with the inner lip; inner lip decidedly curved, somewhat reflected and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered by a thick callus, which practically ren- ders the peritreme complete. The type, Cat. No. 268730, U.S.N.M., and three additional speci- mens of this species, were collected by Mr. Willis at Forrester Island, Alaska. The type has a little more than 3 postnuclear whorls and measures—length, 2 mm.; diameter, 1 mm. This is a very small species with very feeble sculpture. In addition to these new species of Alvania, we have seen the addi- tional specimens listed under the species mentioned below since the publication of my little monograph on The Recent and Fossil Mol- lusks of the Genus Alvania from the West Coast of America.? Jt may be well to mention here that recent studies in the classifi- cation of the group will make it necessary to redistribute the mem- bers which we have brought together under the genus Alvania among several groups. I refrain from doing this at this time, because I wish first to examine the type-species of all the supraspecific groups before giving a final opinion. 1 Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, pp. 333-362, pls. 29-32. * no. 21983. WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 679 ALVANIA COSMIA Bartsch. Five specimens, Cat. No. 271497, U.S.N.M., from Todos Santos Bay, California. ALVANIA ACUTILIRATA Carpenter. Five specimens, Cat. No. 268741, U.S.N.M., from San Diego, Cali- fornia. ALVANIA AEQUISCULPTA Keep. Eleven speciments, Cat. No. 253089, U.S.N.M., from Pacific Beach, California. ALVANIA COMPACTA Carpenter. Two specimens, Cat. No. 271002, U.S.N.M., from Netarts Bay, Oregon. Fifteen specimens, Cat. No. 268743, U.S.N.M., from Yaku- tat Bay, Alaska. Of Rissoina we have seen additional specimens of the following five species: RISSOINA KELSEYI Dall and Bartsch. One specimen, Cat. No. 271651, U.S.N.M., from San Diego, Cali- fornia. RISSOINA HISTIA Bartsch. One specimen, Cat. No. 211678, U.S.N.M., from La Paz, Gulf of California. RISSCINA DALLI Bartsch. One specimen, Cat. No. 268737, U.S.N.M., from San Pedro, California. RISSOINA NEREINA Bartsch. One specimen, Cat. No, 268643, U.S.N.M., from San Bartolome Bay, Lower California. One specimen, Cat. No. 267735, U.S.N.M., from Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. 680 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 52. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 42, i Fic. 1. Pyramidella (Pharcidella) magdalenensis, new species. Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) franciscana, new species. Pyramidellida (Longchaeus) ccoperi Anderson and Martin. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) redondoensis, new species. Odostomia (Evalea) pleioregona, new species. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) ista, new species Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) cortezi, new ppecies. Turbonilla (Strioturboniila) barkleyensis, new species. Turbonilla (Mormula) sebastiani, new species. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) dora, new species. NS SODNADMA ww ra PLATE 48. Fie. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) lamna, new species. Odostomia (Hvalea) orfordensis, new species. Turbonilla (Mormula) viscainoi, new species. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) ulloa, new species. Turbonilla (Ugartea) juani, new species. Odostemia (Hvalea) willetii, new species. Turbonitia (Pyrgolampros) hannibali, new species. Turbonilla (Strieturboniila) schmitti, new species. oo Np on Ho Org Prats 44, Fie. 1. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) montezuma, new species. Turbonitia (Strioturbonilla) santamariana, new species, Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) doredona, new species. Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) pugetensis, new species. Turbonilia (Pyrgisculus) guilleni, new species. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) eva, new species. Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) tremperi, new species. Turbonilia (Pyrgolampros) hemphilli, new species. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) barkleyensis, new species. . Turboniila (Pyrgiscus) ina, new species. _ . Turbonilla (Strioturbonilia) canadensis, new species. top ft bt POO MAS OB Oe PLATE 45. Fic. . Turbonilla (Cingulina) urdencta, new species. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) baegerti, new species. Turbonilia (Pyrgiscus) cabrilloi, new species. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) tecalco, new species. . Turboniiia (Pyrgiscus) bartolomensis, new species. . Odostomia (Hvalea) pleioregona, new species. . Odostomia (Evalea) franciscana, new species. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) corsoensis, new species. . Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) mariana, new species. 19. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) almejasensis, new species. 11. Turboniila (Pyrgiscus) lazaroensis, new species. 12. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) cortezi, new species. ot 8 ho pe OMAD NO. 2193. > WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS—BARTSCH. 681 Fie. Fic. jt et Nr SoMDOANA OR WD jan Oop wN be PLATE 46. . Odostomia (Chrysallida) santamariensis, new species. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) helena, new species. . Odostomia (Chrysallida) taravali, new species. . Alvania bartolomensis, new species. . Alvania dinora, new species. . Alwania kyskaensis, new species. . Odostomia (EHvalea) valeroi, new species. . Odostomia (Odostomia) orcutti, new species. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) charlottensis, new species. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) bakeri, new species. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) charlottensis, new species. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) grippi, new species. PLATE 47, . Bittiwm serra, new species. . Bittium challisae, new species. . Bittium santamariensis, new species. . Bittium sanjuanensis, new species. . Bittium bartolomensis, new species. . Bittium challisae, new species. Motos MED AAR aida) Wel may z is 2 nAKE se: Abe) PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 42 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM West AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 680. PL. 43 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WeEsT AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 680. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 44 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 680. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 45 y. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM West AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 680. PL. 46 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM yee eaet et 2 2 eee West AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 681. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 52 PL. 47 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 681. INDEX. Page. Abbott, Dr. W. L., mammals collected by, from islands off Sumatra..........-...-.-- 437 PACANDHASTION STACI G2 esse ceca = ein= inna =i == 489 Acondylacanthus occidentalis. ......--.----- 261 AGRE DANO NIE) soccer sopssho ssp aouRScUsanuess 376 Scopulicormisseracss 2s i /J--1-1- 376 FAYCCOUNICHUS AUTALUS ane cose oe sels anieisnnin~'= 377 DID DICONMS ase sess sae tee oe 377 Acrydium (Tettix) arenosum angustum....- 207 PATEOLOGHTIPSUDLOGUCL: = = -<4nseneseeees Belonostomus tenuirostris............---.--- 286 obligocenus. <<< .~:eas=<4s% a25-eeeeeee iRembeces:aberantes:s2: 2b. - 522. 5-Lod semen 117 WitkhaMl= 22554: 3a ease eeeaene empex AMOCNS.- - -.s52c. «ae mans -soeee ee 88 | Bieyrtes annulate 2.2 s2-s case eee eae Sarrentiirous =: sccecrasessaceemce es 119 burmeisteri beliravels ot -Oast eee ers ee 92,95 capnoptera Carolin 22 ae oe ee ean ete 20 LOGIONS a5 oia.- . .2-2.~- ~.. ss2see eaeeeer 73 Grassbnis =< ..22@ saceno tenes eme ees 92 POT E Cis ees oe a eee ae eee 64 TASCIRUD! Soe passa ae a oe ee ee 98 quadrifasciata -< - .-. <-c6<-csaceneas 65, 134 DUS SMIS 238 ores oer AP ore teres i 92 SOrVillil.< coos oo ico ee 59, 62 longirostra....... ea eee ee 5 VWentTalis a... .5—- ..-s0scee sae 87, 139 nigrosternumM . ...... <0<-- veces sees ao eee 474.| Enoentrunt felis ......<:.2-----senncee amen 474 grenilig. sc oe., Suc eae 474 | Encoptolophus surdidus.................-.- 201, 215 hoodll scolo. : ee eae eee 474 | Snterion caliginosum.. %. 2,-0.5. .cnccouseus 166 TOI Ot on ee ee eee ee 474 CAStANCUM. .......-.-----eecccceees 179 Dicaeum flammeum..................--..--- 198 | fetidiim, =. s--2s0 ce eee eee eee 383 558, 562, 572, 594, 596, 599, 603,605 | Hetaerina americana...................-.-.---- 596, Gracula javensis baweana.........--.-.----- 195 597, 601, 603, 604, 606, 607, 627, 629 JAVOUSISS coe oocatn ence oe 195), || Heteracanthuspolitus:-o---4-20-e-eeeee eee 245 PERVMUS HSSUMINS So s.cc oe awcicicniciscice wisn anne eee 180 Castaneus..s.2ssens fee eee 179 {EStiVUS: .Jcc. ccc nece een eee 180 herculeus 32.5 200 c=scgac eens 180 PULDULCUS. soe ecce en esa aeaneee 179 TIPARIUS 2 se ceace eee eee eee 167 Tubellus:< ocsces csoseetene eee 179 terrestris’. ssa. 52iee le cet eee ena 180 War. lactevis-.ac-scsenee 17 trapezoides: 2. ---a- 476 IMeSOMNVILES CONGIONUS. -1.cc.2c1)\-- Scene = === 377 Stenro0Sias eee ue eee aloe 476 Meteorites, a new find of, from Plainview, Morrison, Harold. Monograph of the Nearctie EalelGountys HEORAS jacceecmeseceee ee cee ee: 419 hymenoptera ofthe genus Bracon Fabricius. 305 M@tOpIGiIn OXVSLCINOR. .....26s05--4--se-ect = ATT a Motacilia flammen-2> --sseeseeae. eee eee 198 Microbembex: Surata:sess-2---s-e-scs---25- 2s 121 | Munia punctulata nisoria.............-.--... 184 hirsWites: coc 52 teste cedeeet its 122% | Mas iremonsssae secs eee eee ey cee 450 monodonta.......--.-.--- 119, 134, 141 lingensishe-ceem ee eeee eee cree eee 449 Microcentrum laurifolium.............-.---- 2°6))| Musculus) lacvigatus--222-2--~-ssecee eeeeeee 405 TORINELVOsseceraacisatsitete ese > 226 Niger. Vals OVESUS: -~-oassaer ee cee er 405 Microtarsus atriceps abbotti............-..-- 193 DLOUACHUSSe = ope eee 405 AiTICAPS eee ea eee ee 193 OlIVACOUSE soc ct ae ok eee 405 chrysophorus..-......-- 194 | Mycterops orcinatus............-....--- eats ee lO hy pPerempusteee. 2-2. 194 | Myers, Frank J. Rotatoria of Los Angeles, PS WEANUS eine es we eee ee 192 California, and vicinity, with descriptions Chalcocephalus 222-225-226 cee = 192 Of a Mew SPeCCleS-2.2 sec ec cocistcceser sees 473 baweanus........ 109) | iM vlOSLOMS aaeeaeioiscm cca ela ee eee eee 250 Milneriaikelsoyio== cece eee s mcr oeeceee a 408 terrelli. 22 oe ote os oes ssetsacee 251 Miodontiscus meridionalis.........-...-.-.-- 408 Vvariabile=s.2.2ecee.s vee eeeee= 250 prolongatiss.c2s---s5--eceeec 408 | Myonera tillamookensis...............------ 407 Miooryllusverticalis 22. -0-+2-s-2-----s2=- 2330 | eMy Otis abbotbitensces: sasssaacesee sees 441,442,460 mMioplosus labracoidess.-..-5-.2.22c- sss o2~ sce 294 MuUPicola:=.-sseses oe ote seat eee eee 441, 442 Modiolus (Politus) var, pallidulus........... 404 NIASOVSIS. Se eaeee eee ae - eee ee 441, 442 Mollusks, new species of marine bivalve, from My tilinavmucronataess em aise ei = eine eae 475 the northwest coast of America in VOMUPALISS tas ces cnice ele eeieseeraise 475 the collection of the United States INGO DIUS TASCIATUS = aos we aiclnie noete seme 233 National Museum.........-..---- 393 maculatus. ....2..:-..:- eee ee aes 234 West American marine, descrip- Neoconcephalus ensiger.........-.--------- 201, 226 ROHS OUNOW re -eaereaassee eases 637 exiliscanorus.........-.--- 202, 226 Manedulaicarolind-=22521.2. ste -sesnis scion 20 dyristes oss. socccces es 202, 226 GenVverensisstescceraete eee 25 melanorhinus......-....-- 202, 226 CMATHINA LA as se see tere een 38 DANIStEISS. +2 en scare a 202, 227 ORIOU Ae selene eee serene emt 50 TEbUSUS= see eo eee 202, 227 fomMOrataweessieeeeeee sea 53 TODUSUUS== os «cic oenies o = ee= 202, 227 NO BINOSE eo Sa ocdteconeniscocTodeabece 21, 27 CLepitans-s2.-- === 227 STIOUIHIS Se eeee eee ee aera meee 25 THOD Sees sees eee ee 202, 227 REA ee ee eee ee eee eel 38,45 | Neotettix femoratus.....-...-..------------- 207 TILA POUS sesame eee nee eee 43 | Nevada and central California, notes on the ANIMNUL Ulan eseace es eset eee 40 life history and ecology ofthe dragonflies of. 483 MivriuTONS eee eo o Peseeeeeoee 119) || Nomonyx dominicus?.-.2..-2----s--cs------ 482 ODMGQUassseeeee ease reas sates se oe 12 | North Carolina, anew goby, Garmannia spon- paratasecesscsseeeecsecses s == ene 64 PICO las ALO ee sees ane alae eee ee el 423 PictUTOnS se eee mes eee ee ae 25 | Notagogus decoratus..........---.---------- 287 DIANA sssee scree esee eee esse tae e se 32 MiMONGIS ss >see see oe eee eee 287 pulchellaze-2----- es --e=e- eee eee = = 40 MINUtUS:. sh556-o--2cshazeess see 287 pUllaveee pe eee eae see eee eee 62=|) NOteuS QUAadTICOINIS: = - +52 --2-~.<-e =e) 475 Quadrifasciata.s-ssoes-- =< sce- == 65,67 | Notholca striata......-.-.---------- Beer 475 Salleites se sete see eee rertseems = 65 | Notogoneus osculus......----.-------++-++2-0: 289 65008°—Proc.N.M.vol. 52—17——44 690 INDEX. Page. Page. Notommata:cerhertisi5.2-2=52e-casen ose ee 474 | Orthoptera, field notes on Virginia.......... 199 PACH Y ULES 5225 scwrecsmeccwent eee 474 | -Orthotomus cinercaeus. ..-..2..-sce-os-seese 184 tripUs Ao. Sees ect eee 474 | Pachydiplax longipennis.................... 595, Nueula Candara jot’ 282e0 2c seat semesters 394 602, 604, 628, 630, 631, 638 dareligs 22. S509 oe a ee 394 | Palaeaspis americana..................------ 239 Hiss Seicls cote et come a ae cee eee ae 394 bitruncatas.- 40 26= scene 239 POLIO 2 ooh se See ereinaese 395 elliptica 5. 5-45-55 neee ee eee 239 QUIICA a oceans eee Sea eels 394 | Palaeoniscus antiquus...............-.------ 273 Oberholser, Harry C., The birds of Bawean reticulatus- <7. = 22ceeeseee eee 273 Esland Jaya eae cen cecil soon a sae ee 183 | Palaeophichthys parvulus................... 272 Occophyllaatavina sc<...jo0s2-t3-4 455) see anes 382 | Panama, a new species of polychaetous anne- Octogomphus specularis..........-..-------- 516, lid from, with notes on an Hawaiian form. 427 574, 594, 595, 598, 599, 605, 608, 630,632 | Pandeleteinus nudus....................-- 463, 470 Octolasiumilacteum’. <<< 5 <0 sic ceareeis sie i78 Submetallieus: 2-2. ssseeeee ee 471 Odonata of central California and Nevada, Panomya arctica, var. turgida............... 416 notes on the life history and ecology of the. 483 beringiana so \ eee. saeeeeeeee eee 416 Odostomia (Chrysallida) santamariensis..... 664 | Pantala hymemnaca.....................-.-... 628 taravalimescsl wee 663 | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus................ 442 (Evalea) andersoni.............. 667 enganus.......- 442 franciscana..........-..- 665 parvus... 442, 443, 457 orfordensis..........-.... 667 lignicolor........-..---+----+--- 460 pleioregona 311 eee, 666 Parafundulus NEVAGOUSIS®: .. cece ese ee eee 291 Stepbensine ae eee 687 | Pardalophora apiculata...........- 201, 202, 203, 215 Valensic=. --sceen ose 667 phoenicoptera........... 202, 208, 215 Valerolsseseeaeeer ne ee 665 | Parker, John Bernard. A revision of the Bem- Willetti oscars seen 666 bicine wasps of America north of Mexico... 1 (Odostomia) orcutti.......-..-.. 667) | Paroxya clavuliger.-.--2:2...12- 22 202, 203, 224 stephens) sc .a0. ee 458 IM PerlectUs) soc-ke =o acise se =e 242 3 ss palliatals sepa een ee ane eee 445 paradoxus.........-.-.-..-- 241, 242 GACH 445, 446, 459 eayloritmeeneee Teen ey. 239, 241 i econ stee Sanre Oa ean cok ACTALA siete sei ce oes e nee 446, 458 Psephidia brunnea . . Reon LAE os Bea se Rhadiniechthys\deanivesscsestese. se. aeen esses 273 Psephodus legrandensis-.-........-----..-.-- 259 pracilis......... O74 Pseudamusium bistriatum eee ees Sheet eecict 404 shariphomyiahpolithne oe eee eae t 378 ATYCON PT UUM esta cere ai ne sepulta 378 Pseudopythina myaciformis.............-.-. 4 ; Serer ey i co ae : ey ees ey Belial wee Ae ral 202,217 | Rhinolophus calypso. ................--....- 460 iBteriawiridizOna 2. cece. save miecione sss ccesee 403 | Meena anie Paes at tae aa ae Pterodina patina.............2-2-.0.0-2--0-- 477. trifoliatus niasensis...-.......- 455 Pteropus hypomelanus enganus............. 460 | Rhinosciurus incultus...............-- 444, 445, 458: MmOdiplianioeeeeene so ne eae 460 laticaudatuses- ese +2-5-=s\el 444 MNIACICUS at ere Eos cnet coos 458 NCO ere ete eee ee eer 444 vampyrus malaccensis.........--.- 460 peracer......---.------+---+--- 444 Ptilocercus lowii continentis..............-.. 459 THIONIS® oie ee) eee Soca es ee 444 iy Era Chy Stal linaaen ss eeeer see eee 477 TODINSOMIsee tee eee ee 444 TOMBIDESe sete sucess iene eae 477 bupaloides <2 = eae eee eee 444 ATTIC COL re eon ee AT7a WR AIphidig PrOdiclesaneesnecs atte: Ooee see ee =2a4' SOlD OIE A eB odeek Haspoek Gas aaennes Aviva svissoina Galli. sos. sa. -2 ees s ee ee 679 ByCnonotus plumMOSUS ee esse oe eine seed ee 191 | WIS bid) cee sk seslec ee sais ctor eek meets 679 DLE OSUSe eee eae 191 | kelseyd'siissees Ses Secemeeeee eee eae 679 Py eabhrixbatuana sess. .sece- sesso ee: 459 nereina.........-----.----+------+-- 67 POLED TIAN se eiccle sncersee se seeks = 460 | Rochefortia beringensis...........-....------ 411 Pyramidella (Longchaeus) cooperi........... 637 feVTUPINOSasseecec soe ee eee 411 mazatlanica...... 639 Polischiye sce taste wc ences 4il packiseat ecco 638 | BTepnitzclipeeeae eee eae ee 41 (Pharcidella) magdalenensis.... 638 | Rotatoria of Los Angeles, California, and vi- (Syrnols)idillert=*2-2--¢-ceo--< 640 | cinity, with descriptions of a new species.. 473 ochsneriqeese ee aneaee OSGi EUSA OGUING scm cwnaacemes secs oe Beatie 458, 460 Radcliffe, Lewis. Description of a new goby leSagenodusianeustuss ce scece- emacs eae eeee 247 Garmannia spongicola, from North Caro- Hal PNA MNUCLOUA LA een ister onto = alee eae 475 aH Aeteeerisses acct ccctnee sini eae cers oe 423 WONtalls siete se sen netect sceninccpecence 475 692 INDEX. Page. Page. Sandalodus occidentalis.........------------ 260 | Stictiella bituberculata.............-.------- 36 San Francisco Peninsula, the variation exhib- Callistay. co... ° 2522 s-cceseeeeseee 34 ited by Thamnophis ordinoides, a garter GIVOrLeN Sse: ces oe ee ee 55 Snakeinhabitine thes acon oom sme etme 345 emarginatgae. .-.. 62-7. sic..areeceek oe 38 Saurintents tayloriscc.. sem —aee 610, 613, 614, 617, 635 Splopeliastlening soccer ese oe 188 SONUCINCHUM ose se eacemees 607, 609, Snilormis|bassus basslses sete ace osenne eee 185 618, 623, 624, 626, 638 baweanus)... - a esult pe 468 masae......---.---. 456, 457,459 | Vulsella pacifica...........2...2222.2ce0eeee- 403 russulus......------------ 459 | Wasps, Bembicine, of America north of shrameavacerata ssc coe. --se wees 595, 604, 607,631 Mexico, a revision of the..............-.-.. 1 Treadwell, Aaron L.