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Pica Th VP RO "agin ce yr nl a Mane fv s 4 : r Pi) , i vite Hs oieiti ey SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 59 BeOO8@ara, WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two series—Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of lim- ited groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to libraries and scientific establishments, and, in view of the impor- tance of the more prominent disseminations of new facts, a limited edition of each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of the volume. _ The present volume is the fifty-ninth of this series. The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of more elaborate papers, issued separately, and, like the Proceedings, based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the “Special Bulletin,” has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed indispensable. Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as “Contributions from the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. WitiraM DEC. RAVENEL, January 27, 1922 Administrative Assistant to the Secretary, in charge of the United States National Museum. Il TABLE OF CONTENTS. Berry, Epwarp W. A palm nut from the Miocene of the Page. Canal Zone. --No, 2356:- June 10,1921 * ates wok oe, 21-22 New species: Jriartites vaughant. ——— Tertiary fossil plants from Costa Rica. No. 2367. JUG A ODT aie te a OL Ie tepdepe LO9-185 New species: Piperites cordatus, P. quinquecostatus, Ficus talaman- cana, Anona costaricana, Inga sheroliensis, Goeppertia tertvaria, Nectandra woodringi, Phyllites costaricensis. Tertiary fossil plants from the Dominican Republic. INO PSG Serpe TIO, Dei NO Dh 29 oy eyed Ute ree wi ce tb ee leh —12 0 New species: Pisonia conditi, Inga sanchezensis, Pithecolobium samanensis, Sophora cookei, Sapindus hispaniolana, Calyptranthes domingensis, Bucida sanchezensis, Melastomites domingensis, Bu- melia reclinatafolia, Guettarda cooket. —_—— Tertiary fossil plants from Venezuela. No. 2388. Dletaper 14. VOL egies ey i a ob ete Doe ee New species: Blechnum betijoquensis, Coussapoa villosoides, Ficus betijoquensis, Anona guppyi, Sophora salvadorana, Leguminosites venezuelensis, L. entadaformis, Simaruba miocenica, Burserites venezuelana, Rhizophora boweni, Antholithus venezuelensis, A pocy- nophyllum salvadorensis. \ BuiaxkeE, S. F. Sexual differences in coloration in the spotted turtle, Clemmys guttata. No. 2382. September 13, QO pth he utr Bit leet alt Mise... Beare re. AGS 469 Casanowicz, I. M. Descriptive catalogue of the collection of Buddhist art in the United States National Museum. NO. 23 708> June TS; POD Shiney “anise ys -eciiane 9291-347 CHANDLER, AsA C. A new species of ray from the Texas coast, and report of the occurrence of a top minnow new to the fauna of eastern Texas. No. 2393. October 5, MOD ian gay g NY og bop ble apes ies Te eth ee Ie Boe OOS New species: Raia texana. CocKERELL, T. D. A. Some Eocene insects from Colorado and Wyoming. No. 2358. June 27, 1921%-.....-.-..- 29-39 New genera: Acanthomyites, Dinidorites, Tilgidopsis, Eoformica. New species: Pronemobius ornatipes, Stenogomphus scudderi, Rham- phomyia enena, Asilus palaeolestes, Sargus vetus, Nemotelus eoceni- cus, Acanthomyites aldrichi, Delphax veterum, Dinidorites margi- formis, Lebia protospiloptera, Melolonthites avus, Sciabregma tenuicornis, Tilgidopsis haesitans, Eoformica eocenica. .1Date of publication. il IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. CocKkERELL, T. D. A. Some fossil fish scales from Peru. Noe 28555. dume: UO, OST T an ay Okie hey eee ee New genus: Characilepis. New species: Characilepis tripartitus. and GrAcE SanpHousE. Some Eocene insects of the family Fulgoridae. No. 2380. September 15, 1921 t__ New genus: Thaumastocladius. New species: Hammapteryx tripunctata, Lithopsis dubiosa, Thau- mastocladius simplex. CusHMAN, JosEPH A. Foraminifera from the north coast of Jamaica: "No: 23602?" sune 10, TORE PU See ea eas 1 New species: Spiroloculina arenata, Massilina inaequalis. New varieties: Quinqueloculina parkeri, var. occidentalis, Triloculina carinata, var. obscura. Ewinec, H. E. New Nearctic spider mites of the family Te- tranychidae. No. 2394. October 7, 192114_._._._.__-- New species: Oligonychus americanus, O. major, Bryobia brevicornis, B. longicornis, Raphignathus viridis, Syncaligus tridentifer, S. quercus, Tetranychina tritici. Fosuac, Wii11aAm F. The crystallography and chemical composition of Creedite. No. 2376. August 4, 1921'__ Gi_mMorE, CHARLES W. The fauna of the Arundel formation of Maryland. No. 2389. October 7, 19211'_._.-._____- Hatz, Maurice C. Two new genera of Nematodes, with a note on a neglected nematode structure. No. 2386. Octobernd3 4 92btbyaes: srdiodigh jewiod wotmaia_ seals New genera: Oslerus, Hyostrongylus. Hay, Oxtver P. Descriptions of species of pleistocene ver- tebrata, types or specimens of most of which are pre- served in the United States National Museum. No. 2391. ‘Oetober13) 19214 oe 22 32 SEL Ed New genus: Chasmaportheies. New species: Camelus arctoamericanus, Marmota arrodens, Tho- momys scudderi, Cynomys niobrarius, C. tuitus, Procamelus coconi- nensis, P. longurio, Marmota arizonae, Citellus taylori, Lepus benja- mini, Brachylagus browni, Taxidea robusta, Chasmaporthetes ossifraqus. HENDERSON, JOHN B. See Torre, de la, CARLOS.__-__---- JoRDAN, Davin Starr. Description of deep-sea fishes from the coast of Hawaii, killed by a lava flow from Mauna Boaz- -No:2392." Oetober 14. 1921 aes New genera: Rhechias, Nyctimaster, Rhyacanthias, Vesposus, Loa. New species: Rhechias armiger, Nyctimaster reinhardti, Rhyacanthias carlsmithi, Vesposus egregius, Loa excelsa, Peristedion gilberit. KENNEDY, CLARENCE HAMILTON. Some interesting dragon- Page 19-20 455-457 47-82 659-666 419-424 581-594 541-546 599-642 247-267 643-656 fly naiads from Texas. No. 2390. October 10, 19211_. 595-598 x 1 Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Vv Page. Mann, Wiirram M. Three new Myrmecophilous beetles. No. 2387) 3 Qetober:5 £1921 #__ciaecnl/. bemntte 4 eotete 164552 New genus: Crematozenus. New species: Crematoxenus aenigma, Ecitophya consecta, Fustiger clavipilis. New tribe: Crematozrenint. MERRILL,.GeorRGE P. On the mineral composition and structure of the Troup meteorite. No. 2384. Septem- et) Cope Poe Orr ee eee Te ee eee ken ee ee 478 Prarse, A. S. Crustacea from Lake Valencia, Venezuela. No. 238tercAuguisticd Iy:IO2)4-weewi viguinewtd oseewe os oro 459—462 New species: Leptotrichus pittieri, Aegathoa lazzari. Pitspry, Henry A. Barnacles of the San Juan Islands, Washington. No. 2362. June 27, 19211_._.-._____... 111-115 New species: Balanus engbergt. Rouwer, S. A. Notes and descriptions of neotropical saw- flies of the subfamily Perreyiinae. No. 2366. June 20, 1921 7. nplsn Aindaaoisek weve neds Fy setgtclt 4 _ eh pied O1—167 New Species: Lophyorides melangastra, L. modesta, Heteroperreyta costata, Perreyia unicolor. Notes on sawflies, with descriptions of new genera and species: : "No. 2361. | June 28, 1921 tho 22222 83-109 New genera: Cromaphya, Amonophadnus, Zasenoclia. New species: Xiphydria champlaini, X. heritierae, X. flavicarnis, X. pyrura, Arge annulitarsis, A. dentipes, Cibdela chinensis, C. melanoptera, Neodiprion (Neodiprion) eximina, N. (N.) excitans, Taxonus attenatus, T. fletcheri, Jermakia dentisterna, Tenthredo balabatea, Tenthradella kumaonensis, T. siabataka, T. niapa, Macro- phya lucida, Cromaphya serricornis, Amonophadnus submetallicus, Zasenocelia albocoerulea, Senoclia diascoreae, S. bilanga, Tomostethus (Tomostethus) tenuicornis, T. (T.) gracilicornis, Hemichroa (Hemi- chroa) orientalis, Croesus orventalis. New subspecies: Xiphydria heritierae, subspecies borneensis. Some notes on wasps of the subfamily Nyssoninae, with descriptions of new species. No. 2374. August 11, POQT OA OOK... OU EI OI BIER At Se AOS Ras New genus: Ceratostizus. New species: Nysson (Zanysson) plesia, N. (Foxia) secunda, N. (Nysson) marlatti, N. (N.) minimus, N. (Brachystegus) foxu, N. (B.) barberi. New subgenus: Zanysson. New variety: Nysson (Brachystegus) opulentus, var. dakotensis. SANDHOUSE, GRACE. See CocKkERELL, T. D. A___-_- kW AOd=2ol SCHAEFFER, CHARLES. New species of North American Clerid beetles of the genus Aulicus. No. 2365. June 28, TODT Ee ini See eS ee ee ee ee 2 cs wd SLE 59 New species: Aulicus fissipes, A. nigriventris, A. dentipes, A. anten- natus. 1 Date of publication. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. ScHaus, Witt1am. New species of lepidoptera in the United States National Museum. No. 2372. August 13, 1920 foo nk oe ee ee ad Bee 2 oy ee a ane New species: Agylla arthona, Cisthene loccea, Illice lincea, Afrida purulha, Clemensia chala, C. remida, Celama cogia, C. ralphia, Nola parana, N. joanna, N. baracoa, N. folgona, N. santamaria, N. rubescens, N. recedens, N. cubensis, N. elsa, N. turbana, N. maria, N. limona, N. yegua, Roeselia inga, R. trias, Protagrotis venipicta, Eriopyga carneitincta, Hydroeciodes marcona, H. ritaria, Cirphis velua, C. macoya, C. chejela, Trachea mancilla, Heterochroma celestina, H. rollia, Perigea baalba, P. parista, Phuphena proselyta, Ogdoconta gamura, Gonostygia jacopa, Stibadium murisca, Bagisara lulua, Parangitia mulator, P. corma, Angitia esthera, A. crepuscula, A. andrevia, Eutelia chromatica, Casandria mythias, Safia sinaloa, Eulepidotis aglae, E. punctilinea, E. philosis, Thiachroia deilinias, Euclystis subtremula, E. cayuga, E. polyoperas, E. mnyra, -Roths- childia morana, Copaza sophronia, C. joinvillea, Arsenura undilinea, Automeris macphaili, Phricodia jorgenseni, Ormiscodes parallela, O. panamensis, O. dentimaculata, Dirphia ninfa, D. tusina, D. placida, Hylesia dyarex, H. tinturex, H. chirex, H. croex, Adelocephala nettia, Nystalea scarra, Antiopha modica, Eustema opaca, Hippia gracita, Peroara discovata, Gopha praxia, Dicentria clarita, Disphragis bo- chica, D. staria, Chadisra chorista, Naprepa pallescens, Hapigia dorema, Perola jorgenseni, Hemipectrona julius, H. vinnea, Givira gnoma, G. guata, G. modisma, Lentagena perfida, L. eureca, L. ophelia, Philanglaus beatriz, Hypopta vassilia, H. delicata, H. cly- mene, H. albipuncta, Cossula omaia. New name: Hemipectrona. SHANNON, Eart V. A crystallographic study of the Dato- lite from Westfield, Massachusetts. No. 2385. October 10, LODE AEs GE VETO ORE EEN TOR MEAL OI RT Si Be Oooo Description of Ferroanthophyllite, an orthorhombic iron amphibole, from Idaho, with a note on the nomen- clature of the Anthophyllite group. No. 2373. August 3; LO2T tatesupe Oslin Pety a: ald Yes eens sry ety emda a OLe Description of Vivianite encrusting a fossil tusk from ; gold placers of Clearwater County, Idaho. No. 2375. August 6,921 2420s Soe eae eee ag —— Ludwigites from Idaho and Korea. No. 2395. October5 719 Fe ee Po tr eee ne See Seren CTE SNYDER, JOHN OTTERBEIN. Notes on some western fluvial fishes described by Charles Girard in 1856. No. 2357. dune 11651921 ty oe) A a lee BBB one) eee ee 23-28 SranTon, Timotuy W. A new cretaceous Rudistid from the San Felipe formation of Mexico. No. 2379. September HA VOD TL cae Nn co ca Gd a a A New species: Sauvagesia degolyert. 1 Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Vil Page. ToRRE, DE LA, CARLos, and Joun B. HENDERSON. New mollusks from Camaguey and Santa Clara Provinces, Cuban Nos2soo se duly IonlO2 te. eee ee 2 247267 New species: Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) paredonense, O. (O.) obturatum, O. (O.) apertum, O. (O.) bioscai, O. (O.) salustu, O. (O.) evanidum, O. (O.) occultum, O. (Opisthosiphon) protractum, O. (O.) judasense, O. (O.) detectum, O. (O.) obtectum, O. (O.) lamelli- costatum, Eutudora (Eutudorops) paradoxum. New subspecies: Opisthosiphon (Optisthosiphona) berryi semiapertum, O. (O.) paredonense paredonense, O. (O.) paredonense transitorium, O. (O.) obturatum obturatum, O. (O.) obturatum subobturatum, O. (O.) 0. banaoense, O. (O.) bioscai bioscai, O. (O.) b. tersum, O. (O.) evanidum evanidum, O. (O.) e. degeneratum, O. (Opisthosiphon) obtectum obtectum, O. (O.) o. tenuicostum. Uppen, J. A. The Troup, Texas, meteorite. No. 2383. Septemiberst on tool aes. so eee Non As eek oan 471-476 VierRECK, Henry L. First supplement to “Type species of the genera of Ichneumon-flies.”” No. 2364. June 11, ADs ra area ae ceed Me aos Taper 0 ie ee OREO Wane, Bruce. ‘The fossil annelid genus Hamulus Morton, an operculate Serpula. No. 2359. June 10, 1921'*..... 41-46 New species: Hamulus angulatus. We.p, Lewis H. American galiflies of the family Cyni- pidae producing subterranean galls on oak. No. 2368. BUEIO eo Wao te hE oe a lak i naa ee ee ALO ae New species: Disholcaspis acetabula, D. lacuna, D. globosa, D. brevinota, D. terrestris, Trigonaspis obconica, T. fumosa, Biorhiza ocala, Xystoteras contorta, Callirhytis hartmani, C. corallosa, C. maxima, C. enigma, C. ovata, C. rubida, C. marginata, C. fulva, C. ellipsoida, C. elliptica, Bassettia tenuana, Compsodryoxemus illinoisensis, C. tenuis, C. humilis, Belonocnema fossoria, B. kinseyi. —— Notes on certain genera of parasitic Cynipidae pro- posed by Ashmead with descriptions of genotypes. No. PS ee AUIS: 1S5, WOON tne tee Ns eh oh eS a ASS tok Witson, CuHarLtes Brancu. New species and a new genus of parasitic copepods. No. 2354. June 10, 19217*__-.-- 1-17 New genus: Blakeanus. New species: Alebion fuscus, Elytrophora hemiptera, Trebius lati- furcatus, Blakeanus corniger, Pseudomolgus hawatiensis, Modiolicola jamaicensis. —— The North American semiparasitic copepods of the genus Clausidium. “No. 2377. August 11, 1921 *.._.... 425-431 New species: Clausidium dissimile. Wotcottr, A. B. North American predaceous beetles of the tribe Tillini in the United States National Museum. Nov 2s Oeumes 247 19214 tien Somge ioe teleost en 269-290 New species: Callotillus vafer, Cymatodera aegra, C. mitis, C. schwarzi, C. mystica, C. knausi, C. longula, C. rudis, C. confusa. New variety: Cymatodera sirpata, var. spatiosa. 1 Date of publication. . Sudewin dw eile ‘bom ® ‘eer Sr bi 12d aatbogn.<) qieped ind, Again ‘3 on wh, 3 QNBEDAT o oun 3. Bae LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Page. 1. Lepeophtheirus longipes and Alebion fuscus...-..---------++++++-+-------- 18 2. Alebion fuscus and Elytrophora hemiptera.....----------------++-+++++---- 18 3. Male and female of Achtheinus dentatus.......-.------------- are tee er a: 18 4. Trebius latifurcatus and Pseudomolgus hawatiensis......--.--------------+- 18 5. Blakeanus corniger and Pseudomolgus hawaiiensis....-.-------------+---+-- 18 6. Male and female of Pseudomolgus hawatiensis......-------+--------------- 18 7. Female of Modiolicola jamaicensis.........-------------------22- 70 ee 18 8. Eocene insects from Colorado and Wyoming......-.---------------------- 40 9-10. The genus Hamulus Morton, an operculate serpula........-------------- 46 11-19. Foraminifera from the north coast of Jamaica..........---------------- 82 90. Barnacles of the San Juan Islands. .-.........-----.---------------+---- 116 21. Tertiary fossil plants from the Dominican Republic....-.-.-------------- 128 22-27. Tertiary fossil plants from Costa Rica........-.------------+--+-++---- 180 28-37. American gallflies of the family Cynipidae. -.....-.------------------ 244 Bo -A7e New, mollusks Mom CMa. co.cc c sce. ooo cleo «ee ae cin ae c ea eee a 268 43. Predaceous beetles of the tribe Tellini............----------------------- 290 AA aE TsO 117i Cxseton UT Cl CHI ie a ates eye aerated ee a fesnc ade ece Seer cua nen] hoe nis ler eres 348 45. Teakwood Buddha from Burma.....-..- ili SORE i VE IR ee BAU eae Le 348 AG Wooden; buddhairom Ceylon. <2... scot een net seer eng Seana psa coe 348 47. Alabaster Buddha from Laos, Further India.........-------------------- 348 48. Bronze Buddha from Japan.-....--..----------------- 92-22-25 +222 522 5: 348 49. 1. Bronze Buddha from Laos; 2. Bronze Buddha or Bodhisattva from Siam; 3. Bronze Buddha from Laos.......--.--------------------+---- 348 50. Wooden Buddha and Earth Goddess from Laos. 2. Bronze and wooden Buddha and Nagas from Laos. 3. Wooden Buddha and disciples from HENS ee ae eee Sere eee tere mentees See ein ete e nin aa sot ehag= 348 51. Wooden Buddha and Garuda from Laos..........-.-..---------+-----+---- 348 52. Bronze Buddha or Bodhisattva from Japan. 2. Bronze Buddha on chair. Se Bronze buddha trom WaOs ssc. 2-5 st las eet een ae selene ln ae ae 348 53. Marble Buddha from Burma. 2. Alabaster Buddha from Burma. 3. Alabaster Buddha from Burma............-------------------+-++++-- 348 54, Buddha figurines on clam shells from China.....-.---------------+--+----- 348 55. Alabaster Buddha entering Nirvana (lying) from India........----.------- 348 56. Wooden Buddha entering Nirvana, from Laos. .-....--------------------- 348 57. Bronze horns of Buddha from Laos, Further India...........-.----------- 348 58. Cast of Buddha’s footprint from India........--.--------------+++-++-+--- 348 59. Wooden amitabha, from Japan............-------------- +--+ 2-2 eee: 348 60. Porcelain Kuan-yin, from Foochow, China....--.-.-----.-------+-++++--- 348 61. Wooden Kuannon, from Kobe, Japan.......--------------------+2--+--- 348 62. Clay thousand-handed Kuannon, from Japan. 2. Sandalwood Kuanti, from China. 3. Kuannon in shrine, from Japan.......----------------- 348 63. Wooden Bodhisattva from Burma or Siam. 2. Bronze Bodhisattva, from @hing of Mongolige.c.s-+.----.2---- 202+ sere eter ee = 22s ee nese roan 348 x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 64.’ Fudo in shrine, from: Japan... :24. 2: -25..s5 02-2302 eee on 65. Wooden figure of Maha Upakut, from Laos......................- Jon ee 66: Wooden Daikokn, fromiJapan. 2.0 52425.0 522 2..5sdot8 so oek ee ee ee 67. Bronze Fukurokoju, from China or Japan.....- Se Nee oe SS SME ec er 682" Wooden Arhats, from Tokio, Japan: -o22 60s coo - od 52 Sa. ioe eee ee 69. Wooden Chinese Buddhist ecclesiastic, from China. .........--..-------- 70. Wooden Buddhist ecclesiastic in ceremonial robes, from China..........-.- 71. Buddhist priest in ceremonial dress. 2. Buddhist priest with outfit. 3. Buddha, from Tibet: 0:02 30..i6 Saag ee oe eens oe Ce eee 72. Bronze Vajra-dagger, from Tibet. 2. Brass tip of mendicants staff, from 73. Cherrywood Japanese rosary, from Japan.............-..----------------- 74. Bronze begging bowl, from Japan... |... ...5 sais sates ae eo eee ae eee 75. 1. Shell and 2, alabaster rice spoons of Buddhist monks. ............----- 76. Model ofa wooden pagoda, Trom Japan... - 23-2. out qo oe eit Coe ae 77. Print showing plan of the temple Hongwanji, from Tokio, Japan. 2. Pho- graph of ropes made of human hair, from Tokio, Japan. 3. Section of human hair rope: from ‘Tokio; Japan. 2e ne oe tet ae oe ar n-ne i8. Woodén. Nios models, irom Japan.-. 5 sd). we deep ene cee he oe 79; Open*temple Tanterns: from Japan: one eos yee eee eee ee 30; ‘Closed ‘temple lanterns; from Japan oo. 22 ce a ce kine oe ee ee 81. land 3. Pewter candlesticks, from Shanghai, China. 2. Pewter incense burners, from Shanghat: (China. oo 22 eco ae ece ee pee ee eae 82. 1. Bronze censor, from Japan. 2. Bronze candlestick, from Japan. ....-. 83., Prayer banners, from Shavehal, Chinas." 22-5. cc peace ye peas eee, $4. Temple:druma, from Japat:. -..ti.6 20 = anlar yo sae aaa crepe Eee ee 85. Front view of wooden fish, from Japah. -c.0- 2.406 .s ans eS 445 Details of Promiomera filicornis Ashmead... 22 .25--6 = - mene ceisnts sseeh=ost 446 Tropideucoiaru fines ABDMEIA |... - < op cic san i= caine sat ae eae te sehr 448 Detailsiol, Acantheucoelaarmata (Cresson): = Ss sep se s=sean ashe cee eee as 450 Leptotrichus pittieri, new species. A, second antenna; H, head; T, telson; U, uropod; X, tip of telson enlarged, showing ornamentation characteristic of ‘entire body <.ci6 haf ste Se aaee > ein teaee nb > a baee <= opener seer 460 Aegathoa lazzari, new species. M!, first maxilla; M?, second maxilla; Mp, maxilliped: “I. telson: W,;uropod 3: ee 35-42 fe ie eee eee eee ae ee 461 Original form of the Troup meteorite (in part restored). Absent parts are shown an. dotted lines... <2 l2c are. TE vot ae nro att fi Bek tie ets. cine if Doe 3 Dene Specie ‘ee aa sda ert Re ad bey) iv ries eae A stay sis Manabi a ate hinted e pe eR o~ Bike PimrurpO Co IY Me ate}: payne, be Huike ee fur Fretimiey dasieias oer at ae 4 eae Se shox bance 9 rar biiooed Lifiiag to No get ditrt Tan ee Ess lass sat aqit s U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. | LEPEOPHTHEIRUS LONGIPES AND ALEBION FUSCUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I7. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 2 ALEBION FUSCUS AND ELYTROPHORA HEMIPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE IT. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEED!NGS, VOL. 59 PL. 4 TREBIUS LATIFURCATUS AND PSEUDOMOLGUS HAWAIIENSIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I7. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ; PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 5 BLAKEANUS CORNIGER AND PSEUDOMOLGUS HAWAIIENSIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE IT. PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 59 PL. 6 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM SES DOT LZ] KKK KR KOM RAIS Le SD = LEY >>> MALE AND FEMALE OF PSEUDOMOLGUS HAWAIIENSIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I7. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 7 FEMALE OF MODIOLICOLA JAMAICENSIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I7. SOME FOSSIL FISH SCALES FROM PERU. By T. D. A. CockERELL, Of the University of Colorado, Boulder. Some time ago Messrs. K. C. Heald and K. F. Mather collected some fossil fish scales at Huacho, Peru. The locality is on the coast, about 70 miles north of Callao. As it was desirable to deter- mine the age of the rocks if possible, Dr. T. W. Stanton forwarded the material to me for identification. The scales are well preserved and apparently represent a single species belonging to the family Characidae (or Characinidae). They do not agree with any modern genus known to me but are related in a general way to several. The deposit is doubtless fresh water and of Tertiary age, but beyond this it is unsafe to make any positive statement. The general similarity of the scales to those of modern genera and the high degree of specialization of structure would suggest rather late Tertiary, possibly Miocene. Berry ! has described a series of Miocene plants from northern Peru. CHARACILEPIS, new genus. Scales small, subquadrate to transversely elongate; apical field broadly sculptureless, without radii, circuli, or etenoid structures; basal field with broadly spaced transverse or arched circuli (some- times angulate in middle), but no radii; between the basal and apical fields a variable area (sometimes only narrowly developed, and at sides) of transverse circuli set very close together, and quite inde- pendent of the other series. Lateral line very distinct. Type of the genus.—Characilepis tripartitus, new species. CHARACILEPIS TRIPARTITUS, new species. Scales, 3 to 4 mm. broad, polished. Huacho, Peru. A lateral line scale (fig. 1) may be considered the type. The scale shown in figure 2 illustrates the sharp limitation of the sculptured area, as in the modern Bryconamericus. In the marine genus Hypo- rhamphus (fig. 7) there are two sets of circuli, broadly and narrowly spaced, but one series is directly continuous into the other, as the 1Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, 1919, p. 279. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 59—No. 2355. 19 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. figure shows. In the Characidae the two sets have become entirely distinct, as is shown in Acanthocharax microlepis (fig. 5) and in Characilepis. In Bryconamericus (fig. 4) the condition resembles that of the Characilepis scale in figure 2, except that the transverse closely placed circuli have disappeared. In Charax gibbosus (fig. 6) Figs. 1-7.—LATERAL LINE SCALE OF CHARACILEPIS TRIPARTITUS NEW SPECIES; TYPE. THE ENLARGED DRAWING SHOWS THE SCULPTURE. 2, SCALE OF CHARACILEPIS TRIPARTITUS, NEW SPECIES. 3, SCALE OF CHARACILEPIS TRIPARTITUS, NEW SPECIES. 4, PART OF SCALE OF BRYCONAMERICUS HYPHESSUS EIGENMANN. 5, PART OF SCALE OF ACANTHOCHARAX MICROLEPIS EIGENMANN. 6, DETAILS OF SCULP- Re IN SCALE OF CHARAX GIBBOSUS (LINNZUS). 7, PART OF SCALE OF HYPORHAMPHUS UNIFASCIATUS ANZANI). ‘ there is a peculiar broken transverse sculpture along the line limiting the widely spaced circuli, and near the nucleus this sometimes takes the form of a network. It seems to be derived from the other set of circuli. 3 Holotype and paratypes.—Cat. Nos. 9615, 9616, 9617, U.S.N.M. A PALM NUT FROM THE MIOCENE OF THE CANAL ZONE. By Epwarp W. Berry, Of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. The fossil plants collected during the geological work by T. W. Vaughan and others in the Canal Zone have been described recently by M. A. Howe! and the writer.2 Subsequently I have received from the United States National Museum several small and exceed- ingly fragmentary collections that contain nothing noteworthy except a new and fairly well characterized palm fruit. This comes from locality 5845, which is 1} miles northeast of Gatun and overlooking the Gatun Locks, and seems worthy of special comment. The geo- logical horizon is the Gatun formation, which comprises the latest pre-Pliocene sediments recognized in the Canal Zone, and in terms of the European section, as determined by Vaughan, is Burdigalian or Helvetian in age.’ It has been customary among paleobotanists to refer fossil palm fruits to the genus Palmocarpon Lesquereux unless they possessed very obvious relationships with existing genera as in the case of the Eocene forms referred to the genus Nipadites. In the case of the present form I am constrained to depart from this custom since the fossil greatly resembles the fruits of the tribe Iriarteae,and refer the new species to the genus /riartites*, the type of which is [artites tumbezensis Berry,> a feather palm described recently from the Miocene of the north Peruvian coast. IRIARTITES VAUGHANI, new species. Nut an unsymmetrical prolate spheroid in general form, rounded proximad and slightly narrowed distad, slightly over 4 cm. in length, 3.3 cm. in Maximum width, and 2.8 cm. in maximum thickness. Hilum large, eccentric, about 5 mm. in diameter. Surface roughened by a covering of narrow flat elongated overlapping fibers exactly as 1 Howe, M. A. Onsome fossil and recent Lithothamnieae of the Panama Canal Zone. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 103, pp. 1-13, pls. 1-il. 1919. 2 Berry, E. W. The fossil higher plants from the Canal Zone. Idem. pp. 15-44, pls. 12-18. 3See Vaughan, Idem. Table facing page 595. 4 Berry, E.W. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, p. 285, 1919. 5 Idem, pl. 14. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59—No. 2356. 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. in the fruits of existing species of Jiriartea, Astrocaryum, etc. Species named in honor of T. Wayland Vaughan as a slight tribute of appre- ciation of his work in the American tropics. The present species was first compared with the nuts of Astro- caryum Meyer, a genus with numerous existing species ranging from Mexico to southern Brazil, but in this genus the nuts are more Fies. 1-3, IRIARTITES VAUGHANI BERRY. GATUN FORMATION, 1} MILES NORTHEAST OF GATUN, CANAL ZONE, 1,2, LATERAL VIEWS; 3, VIEW FROM BELOW, SHOWING LARGE HILUM. 3 NAT. SIZE. symmetrical and the three perforations are usually obvious. The genus Jriartea of Ruiz and Pavon, whose fruits are very close to the fossil, contains over a dozen, perhaps more, not very well understood existing species, essentially South American but ranging from Costa Rica southeastward through Colombia and the basins of the Orinoco and Amazon and along the eastern Jower slopes of the Andes to Bolivia. Type.—Cat. No. 35621, U.S.N.M. NOTES ON SOME WESTERN FLUVIAL FISHES DE- SCRIBED BY CHARLES GIRARD IN 1856. By JoHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, Of Stanford University, California. In the course of a recent investigation of the fishes of the Bonne- ville drainage system of the Great Basin, pursued under the authority of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, it became necessary to attempt an identification of several species found there with those described by early writers on western ichthyology. The greatest difficulty was encountered in the descriptions and names published by Charles Girard. These were based on a small collection! made by the naturalists of an exploring party directed by Capt. J. W. Gunnison, United States Army. An examination of available data associated with the collection has led to certain facts and inferences that appear to be worth recording at this time. Early in 1853 Capt. Gunnison organized an expedition the purpose of which was to explore certain parts of a proposed route for a rail- road from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. The War Department directed a survey of the pass through the Rocky Moun- tains in the vicinity of the headwaters of the Rio del Norte, by way of the Huerfano River and Coochetopa, or some other eligible pass, into the region of Grand and Green Rivers and westerly to the Vegas de Santa Clara and Nicolette River of the Great Basin, and thence northward to the vicinity of Lake Utah on a return route. The party was a large one, including members competent to ‘“‘make researches in those collateral branches of science which effect the solution of the question of location, construction, and support of a railway communication across the continent.” Lieut. E. G. Beck- with was second in command, Mr. F. Creutzfeldt was the botanist, while Mr. J. A. Snyder, who is mentioned as a young assistant topographer, collected some specimens. 1 What now remains of this collection is preserved in the United States National Museum, and the speci- mens that were collected west of the continental divide were examined by the writer in 1914. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59—No. 2357. 23 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. A rendezvous was effected near Westport, Missouri, and a start made on June 23, 1853. An arduous, interesting, and at times exciting journey was accomplished, the expedition arriving at Salt Lake City on November 8 of the same year. Just after entering the valley of Great Salt Lake Capt. Gunnison, Mr. Creutzfeldt, and several other members of the party lost their lives at the hands of marauding Indians. Lieut. Beckwith then assumed command, and it was he who wrote the journal and prepared or directed the prep- aration of maps and reports that have since been published. After wintering at Salt Lake and making various observations in the region the party proceeded westward to the Pacific slope. While the expedition may now be regarded as a mere incident in western exploration and travel, it accomplished something of scientific value, much of which was based upon the work of the naturalist. However, the published narrative shows almost no interest in his activities, while authors of papers relating to his collections accord him no recognition, one of them even being careless about the spelling of his name. Fishes representing 19 species were collected. Eighteen of these received new names, many of which appeared in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1856. They were redescribed, with additional notes, in the tenth volume of the Pacific Railroad Surveys. For easy reference the more important data recorded by Girard, together with the generally accepted iden- tifications of recent authors, are here tabulated. An examination of the table will serve to show something of the faulty condition of the records relating to the specimens. SOME WESTERN FLUVIAL FISHES—SNYDER. NO. 2357. | -OjUaUIBIOBG 0} Oo]][TAoTUOg “uB} Oye] ‘urnbvor ueg “OpR1O[OK od ‘o[[TAoun0g “Ue MOY’ Ty “OpBI10[O() ‘apuBly ONY od od ‘od “td dIsstsstjy "ALOT J, uerpuy Ajqeqoid ‘uMouyuy) ‘opuriy ory pure Iddississtypy “td disstsstyy ‘opuviry Oy pus rddississryy ‘oT [LAU g ‘OAL OYVug puv oy[taAoun0g ‘oIAouuo0g ‘ayeT ye1y *(mueut -10\ 7] PUB UBPJOL) DOT NGIySIG "sod AL t *((1OSOP “STIO) --** (pIBIEy) Upjoquny snosionaT | P[e}Z4NIIO “APY "(preALY) puv pareq) snatyjawwhs snyyngy | o-7 Ops. *(pavily pus paleg)vjsnqgol vpiy | - Ope ee == -7- -(ANOL) onw17)D snosinaT | ---5 °° ODE ne ie (pxeIIyH) snyoaur snosranaeT |--- "77-77 Opts” 2-2 <(preiry) snibaiba snoswnaT |7------ 7-7 Ones -(pavity pure pared) supbaja pyr | -* ops" 3." 3 (paving) nurduasord svdowonxy |--- >> * 75° S0pES St “(preary puv pireg) snuyogng sidoony | - * pjeyzqnery “AX “"*ZIssesy sypyonu snyyouboghyT ;--- ~~~" opess “(prert)) snsojpnanut spjautoud saypydauiig |--"-* "77" * SOs,” So at Le a os (preIEy) sypruny stwodaT | -yoag yuvuoynory “** (preity) snpungipry sidoyoyy |--- 77 Dp. sats "4 (parVILyH) sniuojzsousnu sidoyony | -- OMe see “(PxeALY) pus pareg) snuayngng sidouyony |" - 7 op." = "(pxeaty)) svynp apjapinjyno = shyyoruayyy |° ~ YP[E}ZINeID “ATT uy "**(paeiry) snsolauab snajsojung | -oog yuUBUINOTT ge (PpxeIqLy) snynauy snasionaT \---*"* Ope *(pareiry) syoumbna siyfiu owppg |- -4yppeyzyne1y “AST *‘(uUeWIDOAW pues Uepsor) AuIAUOMAYG “101901109 ae Mploquiny Duoby COR Tales Sass Op". =| E6le ss ak 1 Dsago vasuvbhyy Pete SSeS Ops at. ,enL0a snprayooyah) J POG tt ieraee ea op = 72 OSe [777 77 7 7, 8419016 Duobyy, PORT ar ages ops = G2as\ SR 1 D}DaUYY DWObLT, Pol | SS Sr Ops eas = Dibasba DuobyT, Sort oe “OP SUL 56rG. |e — a S| sunbaja D114) PGQT. |= > ss ets MOUS | SG S| Ss vee So 18481] DUDILOTL POS jot OL eaeees Op" *""*| SST |7 "> >, tynengoag vppaud hia ‘o07eW WOT Iv9a TOATY ECT | sesuByIy JO oomjg | 68 {°° , snponzd snyynuboghy “IOATY EG8T | sesuvyIy JO doInTg | SST | ~~; snsopynovw sapoydaunrg OCR) det Ser Se ops O2h-| a “syruny snphig CORT 1. tele op’ *"**| G8 |" "> .Bpunqypny vppauudhig Skies“ OS bp TF o|” ** psugnhin) vpjauudhg PUaT Ves os aS Gp 33-5 6ST |" * woswwunb vppauwdhig POST de. Dea ees Op**"""| SG [7-777 ++ staynp snashbuy “yeti FSS ‘ooi9 pooMuoz10F) | 9GG | snsowuab snoopy "4190 -sop OY} Ivou JOY SGgT | -SIp yen ‘sutidg | 96% | -°--" 1 DDD DULOgLS! ‘OWION [OP apuBly Ory 07 Arey PSST | -nqiy ‘yoorg yeig | 68¢ |°-- °° synurbina unjpog ‘918 *“AqITBIOTT NG ‘sopoedg 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 59. In describing Salmo virginalis Girard ? writes: Specimens collected by the party under Lieut. Beckwith in Utah Creek, and at Sangre de Cristo Pass, upper waters of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo). According to the narrative the party reached Sangre de Cristo Creek, a tributary of the Rio Grande, August 13, 1853, and, passing down the stream, camped for 10 days on Utah Creek (“Ute Cr.” of some maps), when trout and perhaps other fishes were collected. Through some oversight Jordan and Evermann® have used the name S. virginalis for the trout of Utah Lake and the Bonneville basin generally, and also Evermann and Kendall* have accepted S. spilurus for the Rio Grande trout, not following Cope,> however, for they regard S. virginalis as synonymous with S. spilurus. It now appears that the Rio Grande trout should be known as S. vir- ginalis (ignoring Cope’s contention that two species inhabit the Sangre de Cristo and Utah creeks), while Suckley’s name, S. wiah, is restored to the Bonneville form. Siboma atraria is said to have been taken from a spring in the desert of Utah. The United States National Museum records the locality as ‘‘near 38° latitude.” The type specimen, No. 236, is somewhat over 6 inches long, the caudal fin being broken. There are 8 dorsal and 8 anal rays, 56 scales in the lateral series, 30 be- tween occiput and dorsal, 12 above the lateral line. The head meas- ures 0.28 of the length; depth, 0.28; depth caudal peduncle, 0. 11; snout to occiput, 0.22; snout to dorsal, 0.54; snout to ventral, 0.56. The gillrakers, numbering 11, are short and pointed. The species represented by this specimen is widely distributed in the Bonneville basin, where it abounds in favorable places, frequently inhabiting springs and spring pools. It is very probable that the type came from Fish Springs in the southern part of Tooele County, Utah, as will appear. The narrative and maps offer no evidence that Creutzfeldt collected the type of this species, but it seems that it was secured in 1854, when the party again faced the west after wintering at Salt Lake. On May 13 they reached an oasis where were ‘‘fine large springs of fresh water, sending out considerable streams on the plain. They were surrounded by large meadows of excellent grass. These springs are filled with small fish, and the Indians therefore give them the name of Pangwitch or Fish Springs.” A stop of two or three days was made at this place, providing time for collecting and preserving specimens. These springs with their numerous fishes still remain— the center of an oasis in a forbidding desert—and they may without much doubt be regarded as the type locality of S. atraria. The species has been regarded as synonymous with Tigoma lineata Girard, but the present writer finds no facts in support of that iden- 2 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 220. 3 Fishes N. and M. America, p. 495. 4 Bull. U. S. Fish Com., for 1892, p. 106. ‘Hayden’s Geological Survey Montana, 1871, p. 470. NO, 2357. SOME WESTERN FLUVIAL FISHES—SNYDER. a tification. The type of 7. lineata is lost and the locality in which it was found is unknown. One pharyngeal arch is preserved (Cat. No. 2783, U.S.N.M.). The teeth are in two rows, 2—4, and they closely resemble those of Rk. hydrophlox. Girard writes of T. luneata: ‘‘The general aspect is elongated, the body being subfusiform, anteriorly thickish, and quite tapering posteriorly.” Also the same author remarks of his 7. egregia: ‘‘By its general aspect this species resem- bles 7. lineata.” It is quite clear, therefore, that 7. lineata was a fish of slender, graceful form like 2. egregvus or R. hydrophlox, while S. atraria is a deep-bodied, thick-tailed form, with a comparatively arge head. The name Richardsonius airarvus should, therefore, stand for the common chub of the Bonneville basin, where it is very generally distributed, inhabiting both lakes and streams, and where it is the species which was apparently able to hold out longest in bodies of water which have dwindled during the slow desiccation which followed the Quaternary period. Acomus generosus was said to have been taken in the Bonneville basin, and the writer of the present paper unwittingly accepted the statement in a recent brief review ° of the genus to which it is sup- posed to belong. In the description of the species, Girard ° gives the locality ‘‘Cottonwood Creek, an affluent of the Great Salt Lake of Utah.” In the table presented on a previous page it will be noted that other species from the same locality have been identified with Mississippi basin forms, and no one would now presume to assign species of Notropis or Lepomis to the Great Basin. Clearly, then, in the case of at least. four or possibly five nominal species a mistake was made in the locality. There is evidence that at four places in Beckwith’s travels a Cottonwood Creek was approached. Two of these creeks are named and located in his maps of the route and two were apparently unknown by that name. The banks of the first one encountered furnished a camp site for two nights and a day early in July. This creek is a tributary of the Arkansas, and at the point crossed by the old Sante Fe trail is no doubt the type locality of A. duleis, C. gunnisoni, C. lugubris, and C. ludibunda. At this place it would also be possible to collect specimens of B. humilis and A. dul- cis. The second Cottonwood Creek noted by Beckwith was passed on the 8th of November, 1853, after camping there on the previous night. The party was then without a naturalist, and it was quite probable that no collecting was done. This stream is Girard’s afflu- ent of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, and, as is now evident, an im- possible locality for the species which he assigned to it. Returning to Acomus generosus, the types are two specimens measuring about 3% inches (Cat. No. 256, U.S.N.M.). The head is short, the body robust, the lips small and not very pendent. The skull is thick; the fontanelle completely obliterated.. There are 79-81 scales in the 6 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, 1915, p. 575. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSHUM. VOL. 59. lateral series, 16-17 above lateral line, 41-42 before the dorsal. On comparing the types of A. generosus and (. plebeius (Baird and Girard) it became evident to the writer that both belonged to a very closely related species, if indeed they were not identical. It now seems probable that the fishes called A. generosus were collected in the Rio Grande basin, perhaps in Utah Creek, along with the trout S. virginalis. No question has arisen as to what river system Gila elegans and Piychocheilus voraz belong. The exact locality of capture is not known, but ample opportunity was offered to fish in the waters of the Colorado from Coochetopa Creek to Green River, and fishes of both species readily take a baited hook. Girard does not indicate where specimens of Tigoma egregia were collected. The United States National Museum register records it from Humboldt River, the entry having been made in February, 1857, and the type is in all respects like fishes of the species living in that river. The Humboldt was reached June 8, 1855, at a point not far from Imlay, where the river passes through the gap between the Eugene and Humboldt mountains. ‘‘There are no fish in this part of it larger than minnows,” writes Lieutenant Beckwith, and those which they apparently caught, Richardsonius egregius and Sipha- teles obesus, are the only species there which take the hook readily. Algansea obesa was described from two specimens—one collected by J. S. Bowman, the other by Lieutenant Beckwith. Girard was apparently satisfied as to the correctness of the locality assigned to the first, and it (Cat. No. 193 U.S.N.M.) is regarded by the present writer as typical of a Lahontan species, Saphateles obesus. The second example (Cat. No. 194 U.S.N.M.) apparently belongs to the same species as the first, but it is not given a locality in the museum register. Girard at first refers it to the Humboldt River and later records it as doubtful. Tigoma humboldti is included in Girard’s general report, but no specimens are there accredited to Beckwith, as in the original descrip- tion. One example (Cat. No. 225 U.S.N.M.) is preserved. The catalogue records two collected by J. S. Bowman. The species represented by the single specimen has not since been found in the Humboldt River. It differs from FR. egregius in having 11 rays in the anal fin, a deeper body, larger head, and larger eyes. There are 54 scales in the lateral series, 13 above the lateral line, 7 below, and 27 between occiput and dorsal fin. The type of Tigoma gracilis is lost, the locality unknown, and the description too brief and general to admit of the name being applied without doubt to any particular species. It now remains to compare some of the other types with speci- mens which a future collector may be fortunate enough to secure from Cottonwood and Utah creeks near the crossings of the old Sante Fe trail. SOME EOCENE INSECTS FROM COLORADO AND WYOMING By T. D. A. CocKERELL, Of the University of Colorado, Boulder. The insects described below were obtained by or for the United States Geological Survey and are now the property of the United States National Museum. Those from White River, Colorado, and Green River, Wyoming, come from the collection accumulated by S. H. Scudder many years ago. It is generally understood that all these fossils are of Green River age; but they come from different horizons, evidently by no means contemporaneous. It is a matter for the future to minutely study the series of rocks ascribed to the Green River period and determine what subdivisions are necessary. These strata are of peculiar interest at the present time, as they include oil shales, which are expected to prove of great economic importance. ORTHOPTERA. Family GRYLLIDAE. PRONEMOBIUS ORNATIPES, new species. Plate 8, fig. 8. Length, 11.5 mm.; width of abdomen, 5.5 mm.; anterior femur, about 2.7 mm.; hind femur, 7 mm.; hind tibia, about, 5.4 mm.; width of hind femur, 2 mm. Anterior femora dark above, but below or posteriorly with a large colorless patch, notched in front and behind, and near the apex with a small spot. Middle femora with the same marks, except that the large spot is almost or quite divided into two elongate ones. Hind femora with oblique stripes as in modern Nemobius, but I can not see any hairs. Each side of abdomen with a series of transverse spots, each connected in the middle with the next, forming a longitudinal moniliform band. Ovipositor appar- ently quite short, exserted about 2.5 mm. Eocene. “Cathedral Bluffs south of Little Tommies Draw, at point where samples were taken.” (Winchester 17-5; U.S. G. S.) Colorado. Certainly very close to P. tertiarius Scudder, but larger throughout, and probably distinct. Scudder’s insect came from the Green River of Wyoming. Scudder does not describe any marking of the anterior and middle femora of his species, but his figure indi- PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 59—No. 2358. 29 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. cates that there was some banding. The ovipositor in P. ornatipes is considerably shorter than in P. tertiarius, so that at first I won- dered whether it was all there; but one of the two impressions is very distinct and I feel sure it is complete. Holotype.—Cat. No. 66918, U.S.N.M. ODONATA. Family LIBELLULIDAE. STENCGOMPHUS (7) SCUDDERI, new species. Plate 8, figs. 5, 9. Female.—Abdomen stout, cylindrical, about 28 mm. long from base of second segment to end of appendages, depth (width in lateral view) about 3.5 mm., uniform to near apex; color as preserved dark brown, second segment with faint sublateral pale marks, segments 3 to 7, with sublateral longitudinal colorless bands, ending abruptly on each segment about 1 mm. from the posterior margin, the band on the seventh segment shorter and less distinct; appendages about 2.5 mm. long, spear-head shaped (but sides mainly parallel), pointed. The segments measure along the dorsal surface as follows, in mm.: (2) 3.5, (8) 4, (4) 4, (5) 4, (6) 4, (7) 3.8, (8) 2, (9) 1.5, 10). 1.. In another specimen (No. 1417), showing only a few segments, the meas- urements are (6) 4, (7) 4, (8) 2.5, (9) 1.5, (10) 1. It is from this specimen that the appendages are measured. Thereis a large, oblique, thornlike process beneath the eighth and ninth segments. Kocene. Type, U.S. G.-S. 834 (reverse 752), Green River, Wyom- ing. No. 1417, showing complete appendages, is recorded as from White River, Colorado; but it is in exactly the same kind of rock, and I suspect that it also came from Green River. Another fragment is 787, from Green River. This is apparently one of the Corduliinae, closely related to Soma- tochlora, but with a more primitive abdominal color pattern. Scud- der’s genus Stenogomphus, based on a wing from Roan Mountain, Colorado, falls in exactly the same vicinity, so there is no apparent reason why the present insect should not be referred to it. Holotype and paratype.—Cat. Nos. 66919, 66920, U.S.N.M. DIPTERA. Family EMPIDIDAE. RHAMPHOMYIA (?) ENENA, new species. Plate 8, fig. 7. Female.—Length, 3 mm.; wings about 3 mm.; thorax about 1 mm. long, elevated, with thin rather long hair (as in the living R. sudigeronis Coquillett, from Palo Alto, California); general color dark brown as NO. 2358. NEW SPECIES OF FOSSIL INSECTS—COCKERELL. oa preserved, the head darkest; wings slightly dusky, not spotted, venation apparently normal for the genus, anterior cross-vein not far from base of discal cell; proboscis rigid, longer than depth of head; oral region showing many short dark bristles and one long one; legs unusually stout, especially the hind femora and tibiae; hind legs quite thickly beset with short hairs. Eocene. ‘Cathedral Bluffs south of Little Tommies Draw at point where samples were taken” (Winchester 17-5; U.S. G. S.) Colorado. The very small size and thick legs are peculiar, but theliving 2. comptaCoquil- lett is as small, and the legs in the dif- ferent species of Rhamphomyia (see, for instance, those in Baltic amber) show much diversity. It therefore seems best not to propose a new generic name, Fig.1.—RGAMPHOMYIAENENA, A. PART OF There is arather strong resemblance to“ 77 *NP OF ABPOMEN. C. ANTENNA: to the fossil Microphorus defunctus Handlirsch, from British America (Tulameen River), but our insect is smaller, with the hind femora very much more robust. A detached wing, a little over 3 mm. long, is from Roan Mountain, Colorado (Scudder; U. S. G. S. 52). So far as can be seen, it agrees with R. enena. It shows the well-developed anal lobe, broadly rounded and not projecting backward. Holotype.—Cat. No. 66921, U.S.N.M. Family ASILIDAE. ASILUS PALAEOLESTES, new species. Female.—Length, nearly 14 mm.; black, the wings hyaline, with dark veins; abdomen robust; legs spinose as in living forms. Veins === bounding end of second basal a cell and base of fourth posterior oo BE LIN seo DE Oi forming a cross, as in > Pook. cell, Discal cell vein before the discal cell is ay distinctly arched (compare Fig. 4.—NEMOTELUS EOCENICUS. ABDOMEN AND Euparyphus and Rhaphiocera). PART OF WING. Discal cell on first posterior 800 ». Other details are sufficiently indi- cated in the figure. The anal cell is closed, and formed as in Nemotelus. No. 2358. NHW SPECIES OF FOSSIL INSECTS—COCKERBELL. BS Kocene. U.S. G. S. 367; White River, Colorado. This is clearly one of the Clitellarinae, and is referred to Nemotelus because that is one of the dominant genera, and the characters do not distinctly contradict the reference. It is very likely, however, that if we knew the antennae and scutellum it would be possible to recognize a distinct type, now extinct. Holotype.—Cat. No. 66924, U.S.N.M. Family MUSCIDAE (sens. lat.). ACANTHOMYITES, new genus. Rather stout flies of moderate size, with thick (deep, not narrowly cylindrical) abdomen; wings not preserved in the type. Characterized by the great number of large dark bristles on head, abdomen and legs. Ln [if / : ~ ! 3 FR sad gt os ae a i \ CC eee # SLATE SSE i a = Fig. 5.—ACANTHOMYITES ALDRICHI. DIA- Fic. 6.—ACANTHOMYITES AL- GRAMMATIC FIGURE OF DORSAL BRISTLES DRICHI. ANTERIOR LEG. OF THORAX, The largest are the acrostichals on thoracic dorsum, but the dorsocen- trals appear to be very small. An attempt has been made in the accompanying figure to diagrammatically show the distribution of the dorsal thoracic bristles, but it is not exact, and the sutures can not be seen at all. The bristles on abdomen, head, and legs are smaller than the acrostichals; there is the usual row on the underside of the anterior femora. Type.—Acanthomyites aldrichi, new species. ACANTHOMYITES ALDRICHI, new species. Plate 8, fig. 12. Length, nearly 6 mm.; as preserved brown, the sides of the abdo- men pallid. Head rather small; legs of moderate length, not espe- cially robust. Eocene. ‘“‘ Cathedral Bluffs south of Little Tommies Draw at point where samples were taken.’’ (Winchester, 17-5; U.S. G.S.) Colorado. Named after Dr. J. M. Aldrich, who examined it when visiting my laboratory, and agreed that such an interesting form ought to be recorded, in spite of the loss of the wings and other impor- tant features. It is certainly a striking circumstance that the system 27177—21— Proe.N.M.vol.59——3 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. of large bristles characteristic of the higher flies should have been so fully developed as far back as the Eocene. ‘To-day this development of large bristles is more especially characteristic of forms which have Jarvae parasitic on other insects; but it would be going too far to affirm that Acanthomyites was necessarily parasitic. Doctor Aldrich writes: ‘‘T do not recall any cases among existing flies where the dorsocentral bristles are reduced, and at the same time the anterior acrostichals are larger than common, or in fact larger than the dorsocentrals.”’ Holotype.—Cat. No. 66925, U.S.N.M. HOMOPTERA. Family FULGORIDAE. DELPHAX (sens. latiss.) VETERUM, new species. Plate 8, fig. 6. Length about 3.5 mm.; tegmina 4.3 mm. long and 1.8 mm. wide; fuscous, except the metathorax, basal 0.5 mm. of abdomen, and last two abdominal segments (except laterally), which are colorless; body stout, abdomen nearly 1.5 mm. wide; head short, obtuse; scutellum large, very dis- tinctly tricarinate, its lateral margins only very feebly concave; tegmina broad, with convex costa, the shape and dark color suggestive of Cercopidae. The details of the venation can not be made out, Fig.7—Devrenax but the little that can be seen, both on tegmina BTERUM. SCUTELLUM. and hind wings, agrees sufficiently with Delphacinae. In the hind wing the median cell ends broadly in the usual manner. Eocene; “Cathedral Bluffs south of Little Tommies Draw at point where samples were taken.” (Winchester 17-5, U.S. G.S.) Resem- bles Delphaz senilis Scudder, from the White River Eocene, but is larger. I follow Scudder in using the name Delphaz in a broad sense, as it is not possible to determine the genus accurately. The sides of the scutellum are straighter than in the majority of modern American Delphacinae. Holotype.—Cat. No. 66926, U.S.N.M. HETEROPTERA. Family PENTATOMIDAE. DINIDORITES, new genus. Narrow for Pentatomidae, the general outline suggesting Margus in the Coreidae; head prominent, broad, obtuse; antenn four jointed, the joints darkened apically, pallid basally; pronotum short, fully twice as broad as long, broadly rounded laterally, not angulate; scutellum large but not reaching to middle of abdomen; pronotum no. 2358. NEW SPECIES OF FOSSIL INSECTS—COCKERELL. 35 and scutellum with numerous dark punctures; abdomen with dark lateral spots marking the junction of the segments, the margin dis- tinctly projecting at these points. Tupe.—Dinidorites margiformis, new species. DINIDORITES MARGIFORMIS, new species. Plate 8, fig. 10. Length, 9.6 mm.; head, 1.6 mm. long and about 2 mm. broad; antennae, 4.8 mm. long, the first two joints pale with the apex nar- rowly dark, the others broadly darkened; pronotum about 2 mm. Jong and 4 mm. broad, with three pallid lines joined transversely at posterior end by a curved one; scutellum broadly triangular, sides longer than base, length about 3 mm.; abdomen about 4.6 mm. wide near base, its apex over 3 mm. from end of scutellum. Eocene; “‘Cathedral Bluffs south of Little Tommies Draw at point where samples were taken.’’ Colorado. (Winchester 17-5, U. S. G. S.) The Dinidorinae include 10 living genera, widely scattered over the earth. The character of the short scutellum was especially noted by Scudder in his studies of the American fossil Pentatomidae. The present genus has the narrow form of Byrsodepsus, but the pronotum is much more like that of Cyclopelta. The abdominal margin is like that of Byrsodepsus. Aside from the scutellum, there is a curious resemblance to Pentatoma appendiculatum Heer, at least in the mark- ing of the pronotum and abdomen. There is probably no real affinity; the true generic position of Heer’s fossil is unknown. Holotype.—Cat. No. 66927, U.S.N.M. COLEOPTERA. Family CARABIDAE. LEBIA PROTOSPILOPTERA, new species. Plate 8, fig. 2. Elytron 3.7 mm. long, about 1.4 mm. broad; shape as usual in the genus, the apex broadly truncate as in L. dwisa LeConte; nine very distinct delicate striae, under a high power resolved into series of punctures, and a short (about 550 wlong) stria at the inner basal corner; a series of large round punctures, appearing colorless on a dark ground, situated as follows: One near the apical margin, about 240 wu from the inner corner; two, close together, near the rounded outer apical corner; seven in the interval between the first and second striae, counting from without, and mostly touching the second stria. Elytron as preserved brown, with a very large subquadrate colorless humeral patch, extending as far as the second stria from the inner margin, and with a large colorless subapical patch, one side of 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 59. which is along the inner margin, while its outer margin is more than halfway to outer margin of elytron. Kocenes. ‘‘Back of house at Smith’s ranch, shale of Green River formation with thin beds oil-shale interbedded.’ (Winchester 17-3. U.S. G.S.). Colorado. A pretty little species, congruous with modern Lebia in every respect. Reaaaahaae: insect’ pa ee ete iivios, twat ee tv eeed ah, (he horead aaytot ila wii Hornet Oy of Sheol Manet, een eee. he Sa Bes. sastios’ Nata std ph 4 a Te, ae vat “— Ba POL cee. Oa Kea ata Wits el Foner a ro’ diyath ‘nedawe foe Abie IaeDe: See trpel pale tadl: Bo Dadebnia ia: toe waged Bana RG pedielo, meplar, end abner hye atin €4 ube bide, thar But bbe mondibies ¢ ete ie ih 4p petihel | very Anicke’ tot the Being Pa ‘eheay oe Lat hs ab presen Krywn, eee Mbeve wrieaptied & catorstion of la Pie drvitams wich oxy wot be soara 3 Be pbeny ie lean of for’ ebare | Hee 8. 8 abe32, a a tt om U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 8 > 7 aS EOCENE INSECTS FROM COLORADO AND WYOMING. FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 39. THE FOSSIL ANNELID GENUS HAMULUS MORTON, AN OPERCULATE SERPULA. By Bruce Wapkr, Of the Tennessee State Geological Survey. INTRODUCTION. Among some of the recent discoveries in the large and well-pre- served Ripley Fauna of the Upper Cretaceous at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee, are a number of opercula from the Serpula Hamu- lus Morton. Species of this genus are widely distributed in the Cre- taceous, but if the opercula have ever been found previously they are still unknown in the literature; so it is the purpose of this brief paper to describe one new species and the calcareous opercula from two species of this interesting group of fossil annelids. This paper is published by the permission of Wilbur A. Nelson, State Geologist of Tennessee. GENERAL REMARKS. The Sea-worms or Polychaeta included in the suborder Tubicola are distinguished by the fact that they inhabit variously formed tubes, to which they are not organically connected, and in which they can move freely by means of their setigerous foot tubercules. Owing to their possession of an investing tube branchiae are only developed in the anterior region of the body, this being the only part which is ordinarily exposed to the action of sea water; hence the Twubicola are sometimes called the ‘‘cephalo-branchiate’’ Annelids.! The protecting tube of the Tubicolar Annelids may be composed of calcium carbonate, of grains of sand, or other foreign matter, or of chitinous material. When the tube is calcareous it presents certain resemblances to the shells of some of the Mollusks, such as Vermetus, Dentalium, or certain of the Rudistes. In the living state it is easy to make a distinction between these, for the Tubicolar Annelids are in no way organically attached to their tubes, whereas the Mollusks are always attached to their shell by proper muscles. In the fossil condition, however, it may be very difficult to refer a given calcareous tube to its proper place. As a general rule, however, the calcareous tubes of Annelids, such as Serpula, are less regular and symmetrical 1 Nicholson and Lydekker, Manual of Palaeontology, ed.*3, vol. 1, Edinburgh and London, 1889. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 59—No. 2359. 41 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. than those of Vermetus, while the latter are partitioned by shelly septa, which do not exist in theformer. Again, the tube of Dentalium is open at both ends, whereas it is closed at one end of the Serpula. In the Annelidous genus Ditrupa, however, the tube is open at both ends, so that this distinction is one not universally applicable. The tubes of the serpuloid genus Hamulus are quite regular and symmetrical and its species have frequently been described as Dentalia. Tubes of certain species of Hamulus together with their opercula have a superficial resemblance to certain species of Rudistes such as Radio- lites lombricalis d’Orbigny ? and Hippurites variabilis Munier Chalmas * from the Upper Cretaceous of France. The apophyse of the oper- culum of Hamulus resembles very much the apophyse of the upper valve of certain of the Rudistes, but the operculum of Hamulus is truly an operculum of a circular aperture, while the upper valve of the Rudistes does not fit into a circular cavity of a lower valve. Another difference is the absence of any evidence of muscular attach- ments on the inner surface of the tubes of species of Hamulus. The operculate form Hamulus onyx Morton is probably related to some such form as the existing species Serpula contortuplicata * (pl. 9, fig. 4). There are existing quite a group of Serpulas with calcareous opercula; these are the Vermilias that are still abundant along the sea coasts to-day. Existing species with chitinous opercula are quite common and some of the forms that may be cited as analogous to Hamulus onyx are Enponatus dipona Schmarda and Pomatoceros tetra- ceros Schmarda* both from near New South Wales; and also Cruci- fera websteri Benedict ® and Spirobranchus giganteus (Pallas) Mérch’? from the Gulf of Mexico. Fossil operculate Serpulas are rare. Among these may be men- tioned the English Eocene species Serpula crassa Sowerby ® (pl. 10, fig. 11), and the Maryland Upper Cretaceous form Ornataporta mary- landica Gardner. The former has a calcareous operculum and a three-sided tube, which is usually attached along one side to some foreign object. Gabb has described some serpuloid tubes with a triangular cross section, Paliurus triangularis Gabb , from the Upper Cretaceous at Vincentown, New Jersey. Gabb’s species has no known operculum, but its triangular tubes are somewhat analogous to those of Sowerby’s Eocene species. There are specimens of Serpula heptagona™ with opercula from the Barton Beds of the Eocene of England in the British Museum. 2d’Orbigny, A., Paléontologie Francaise, Terrains Crétacés, vol. 4, 1860, p. 214, pl. 555, figs. 4-7. 2 Douvillé, H., Mem. Société Géologique de France, Mem. no. 6, p. 50, pl. 7, figs. 4-7, 9-12, 14, 15. 4 Nicholson and Lydekker, Manual of Paleontology, 1889, p. 471, fig. 333a. 5 Schmarda, Ludwig, K., Neue wirbellose Thiere, 1861, p. 30, pl. 21, fig. 179, Leipzig. 6 Benedict, J. E., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 9, 1886, p. 550, pl. 21, figs. 24, 25. 7 Idem, p. 551, pl. 23, figs. 38-42; pl. 24, figs. 43-47. 8 Agassiz, L., German edition of James Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology, 1814, 1842, p. 52, pl. 30. 9 Gardner, J. A., Maryland Geological Survey, Upper Cretaceous volume, 1916, p. 748, pl. 47, figs. 16-1*. 10 Gabb, W. M., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1876, p. 324, pl. 17, figs. 11-13. 11 Guide to the Fossil Invertebrate Animals in the British Museum, ed. 2, London, 1911, p. 79. NO, 2359. AN OPERCULATE SERPULA—WADE. 43 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS. Class ANNELIDA. Order POLYCHAETA. Suborder TUBICOLA. Family SERPULIDAE. Genus HAMULUS Morton. -9 2 Hamulus Morton, Syn. Org. Rem. Cret. Group, 1834, p. 73. Type.—Hamulus onyx Morton. “Tubular, regular, involuted; volutions distinct; aperture circu- lar.’ Morton, 1834. Tubes with from three to seven axial ribs; larval or early stages attached, usually broken away and solitary in the adult; nuclear shell portions circular and often triangular in cross section; inner surface of the tubes smooth; operculum calcareous, consisting of a circular anterior disk with a three-cornered, elongate posterior process or apophyse. HAMULUS ONYX Morton. Plate 9, figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6. Hamulus onyx Morton, 1834, Syn. Org. Rem. Group, p. 73, pl. 2, fig. 8; pl. 16, fig. 5.—Gabs, 1859, Cat. Inv. Fossils. Cret. Form. U. 8., p. 1.—STEPHENSON, 1914, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 81, p. 24, tables 2, 8.—GARDNER, 1916, Md. Geol. Sur. Upper Cret., p. 747 (part). Description.—‘ With six elevated, angutar, longitudinal ribs ex- tending from base to apex. Length about an inch. The imperfect specimen figured on Plate II was obtained by Dr. Blanding at Lynchs Creek, South Carolina, in the green sand, and on a former occasion was supposed to be a Dentalium. Plate XVI, figure 5, how- ever, represents the perfect shell from the older Cretaceous deposits of Erie, Alabama. I have a small individual from New Jersey. It has never been found attached.” Morton, 1834. Type locality.—Erie, Alabama. Tube small, compact, and rather strong; in form a very elongate, gently curved, ribbed, or corrugated cone; shell of tube made up of two layers—an inner layer of lamellar calcareous material, and an outer layer of chitinous calcareous material bearing the external sculp- ture; nucleus or protoconch unknown, tube attached to some for- eign object during nuclear stage; external sculpture consisting of Six prominent axial ribs and sulci; transverse or incremental lines fine and very numerous in some individuals, quite obscure in other individuals; internal surface smooth; aperture circular; apertuarl 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 59. margin smooth and sharp; operculum tack-shaped with a three- cornered spick or tooth situated on the edge of the tack head or basal circular plate; anterior surface of basal plate concave marked with a few fine lines radiating from the center and a few irregular concentric lines; posterior side of the basal plate and the sides of the three-cornered tooth or apophyse marked by irregularly ramify- ing and deeply impressed grooves or sulci which probably represent the seats of muscular or ligamental attachments; posterior extremity of the tooth pointed and tripartate; operculum in place is entirely behind the anterior margin of the aperture, thus forming a water- tight stopper for the tube. This species is one of the commonest fossils in the Ripley forma- tion at Coon Creek. It is represented in the collections from that locality by hundreds of specimens, several dozen of which retain the operculum in place. A few immature forms have been found at- tached, but none of the specimens preserve the complete nucleus. This is broken away from all the specimens examined, leaving the apices perforate. This species is somewhat similar to the species Hamulus jonahensis (Cragin) ? from the Austin Chalk of Texas, but does not possess the vigorous incremental sculpture that character- izes the tubes of the Texas species. The species Serpula sexsulcata Minster," a species of Hamulus, from the Upper Cretaceous of Ger- many, has six axial ribs on the tube, but most commonly the Euro- pean species of this genus are characterized by seven ribs instead of six. Two of these are: Dentalium deformis d’Orbigny ™ (pl. 9, figs. 7, 8) from the Ceno- manian, Le Mans, France; and Serpula Soptoniidoat Reich and Cotta * (pl. 2, fig. 10) widely distributed in the Cenomanian of Saxony and especially abundant in the Serpulitensand of Bannewitz near Dres- den. The Ripley species Hamulus major Gabb* from Eufaula, Alabama, has only three or four low axial costae on its tubes which are less regular and symmetrical than the type species of this genus. The Oxfordian species Serpula vertebralis Sowerby," a Jurassic species found in both England and in France, has only four axial ribs, but in many respects it resembles Hamulus onyx Morton and should be included in the genus Hamulus. Occurrence.—Ripley Formation. Dave Weeks place on Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee. Collections.—Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. Johns Hopkins University. Vanderbilt University. U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 32460). 12 Cragin, F. W., Fourth Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey of Texas, 1893, pl. 29, figs. 12-14, Austin. 13 Goldfuss, Petrefacta Germaniae, vol. 1, p. 238, pl. 70, fig. 13. 14 Geinitz, H. B., Grundriss der Versteinerungskunde, p. 252, pl. 16, fig. 182, b, c. Dresden, 1842. 18 Wanderer, K., Tierversteinerungen aus der Kreide Sachsens, 1909, p. 21, pl. 3, fig. 12, Jena. 16 Gabb, W. M., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 399, pl. 68, fig. 46. 11 Sowerby, Mineral Conchology, pl. 599, figs.6-9. Bronn, H. G., Lethaea Geognostica, vol. 6, p. 415, pl. 27, fig. 5a, b. Stuttgart, 1852. NO. 2359. AN OPHRCULATE SHRPULA—WADE. 45 Outside Distribution.— Monmouth Formation of Maryland; Selma and Ripley Formations of Mississippi, Alabama; Hutaw Formation of Alabama; Austin Chalk, Texas. HAMULUS ANGULATUS, new species. Plate 10, figs. 1, 2, 8, 9. Description.—Tube small, thick, and strong, but brittle; in form an elongate, gently curved, and often slightly spiral cone; inner shell layer thick, outer layer thin; nucleus unknown; external sur- face marked by six low, sharp, angular, axial ridges; interaxial spaces broad and gently concave, alternate interaxial spaces marked by a fine impressed axial line; growth lines obscure on the earlier stages of the shell; interrupted growth lines, irregular and common near the aperture; aperture circular, its margin smooth and thin; internal surface smooth. Dimensions.—Imperfect specimen—length, 8 mm.; maximum diameter, 3.5 mm. The tubes of this species are brittle and are usually broken. They may be readily distinguished from those of Hamulus onyx Morton by their low, angular axial costae, broad smooth, gently concave interaxial spaces, and by the impressed axial line in alternate inter- axial spaces. Occurrence.—Ripley Formation. Dave Weeks place on Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee. Collections —Johns Hopkins University. Vanderbilt University. U.S. National Museum. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 32459, U.S.N.M. HAMULUS SQUAMOSUS Gabb. Plate 10, figs. 6, 7. Hamulus squamosus Gaps, 1859, Cat. Inv. Foss. Cret. Form. U. S., p. 1; 1860, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., ser. 2, vol. 4, p. 398, pl. 68, fig. 45. STEPHENSON, 1914, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 81, p. 24; table 2, 8. Deseription.—“ Elongated, curved at the narrow end into a hook sometimes with as much as three-fourths of a whorl, all in the same plane; mouth slightly constricted, nearly circular, edge thin; surface marked by two or three wrinkled longitudinal folds on each side and a heavy squamose plate, very irregular in the plane of the curve on each side.” Dimensions —‘ Length about 1 inch exclusive of the curve; greatest width of the plates 0.4 inch, diameter of mouth 0.12 inch.”’ Gabb, 1860. This species is closely related to Hamulus onyx Morton, but may be readily distinguished by the broad wing-like appendages on the first and fourth axial costae. Hamulus squamosus Gabb is evi- dently a mud-loving form since it is extremely rare in the Coon Creek beds and common in the Selma clay. Occurrence.—Ripley Formation. Dave Weeks place on Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee. Collection. —U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 32461). Outside Distribution.—Ripley Formation, Lees Mill, Mississippi. Selma Chalk, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia. HAMULUS, species. Plate 10, figs. 3, 4, 5. Operculum small and fragile, consisting of a circular disk and an elongate three-cornered posterior process or apophyse; circular disk marked on both the anterior and posterior sides of lines radiat- ing from the center; margin of disk slightly serrate; position of apophyse on the disk eccentric. This species of operculum is known from a single individual which was found detached from a tube. It is most likely that it belongs either to Hamulus squamosus Gabb or Hamulus angulatus, probably the latter. Oceurrence.—Ripley Formation. Dave Weeks place on Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee. Collection. —U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 32462). EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 9. Fic. 1. Operculum of Hamulus onyx Morton. X 10, front view. . Operculum of Hamulus onyx Morton. 10, basal view. . Operculum of Hamulus onyx Morton. > 10, rear view. . Serpula contortuplicata, a recent operculate Annelid. figure taken from Nicholson and Lydekker. O.=operculum. _ Hamulus onyx Morton. 4, side view. . Hamulus onyx Morton. X 4, basal view showing operculum in place. _ Hamulus deformis (d’Orbigny). 4, side view, an imperfect specimen from the Cenomanian, Le Mans, France (Cat. No. 32463 U.S.N.M.). 8. Same as figure 7. > 4, apertural view. a bo be “1 od oO Puate 10. Fic. 1. Hamulus angulatus new species. X 4, side view. . Same as figurel. X 4, apertural view. . Operculum of Hamulus, species. X 10, front view. . Operculum of Hamulus, species. > 10, basal view. . Operculum of Hamulus, species. X 10, rear view. _ Hamulus squamosus Gabb. 4, side view. Same as figure 6. Apertural view. . Hamulus angulatus, new species. 4, side view showing one of the three axial depressions. 9. Same as figure 8, X 4, apertural view. 10. Hamulus septemsuleata Reich and Cotta, a species common in the Ceno- manian of Saxony. Figure taken from Wanderer. 11. Serpula crassa Sowerby an operculate annelid from the Eocene of England, figure taken from L. Agassiz. BOIS Tr oF Wr U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PECOERDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 9 THE GENUS HAMULUS MORTON, AN OPERCULATE SERPULA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 46. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 10 THE GENUS HAMULUS MORTON, AN OPERCULATE SERPULA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 46, FORAMINIFERA FROM THE NORTH COAST OF JAMAICA. By Josep A. CUSHMAN, Of the Boston Society of Natural History. While in Jamaica in February and March, 1912, with the Carnegie Institution Expedition under Dr. Alfred G. Mayor, I took advantage of spare moments to collect foraminiferal material. There is very little actually known about the shallow-water foraminifera of the West Indies. D’Orbigny’s Monograph of the Foraminifera of the Shore Sands of Cuba included other West Indian shore sands as well.’ Flint recorded a few species from Puerto Rico.? Most of the other records are from deeper waters. In working over this Jamaican material it was evident that the species fitted those described in d’Orbigny’s Cuban Monograph much better than any others. This same fact I had also observed in working out the later tertiary material of the West Indies. Therefore, as d’Orbigny had Jamaican specimens in his material, it has seemed desirable to make rather close comparisons of the Jamaican material with the figures and descriptions of the Cuban Monograph. The result has been rather surprising in the accuracy with which most of the material fits these descriptions and figures. Many of d’Or- bigny’s species have been allowed to lapse and are not referred to in the literature since their original publication in 1839; others have been placed in the synonymy of other species; and still others are in good usage for tropical species. If the synonymy and the original figures and descriptions of many species are carefully studied it will be apparent that d’Orbigny’s species in many cases do not deserve the fate of synonyms. Others now in good use, based on Brady’s use of them in the Challenger Report, are used for entirely different things from those of the originals. I have, therefore, in the present paper tried to reconcile the Jamaican material with d’Orbigny’s species and have tried to indicate the results. In this connection the following quotation from the excellent work of Heron-Allen,? in regard to the Cuban Monograph may not be out of place: Ramon de la Sagra had intrusted d’Orbigny with the arrangement of the zoological portion of his History of Cuba, and among the material was a small quantity of sand, 1 D’Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839, ‘‘ Foraminiféres.”’ 2 Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission, 1900, pp. 415-416. 8 Aleide d’Orbigny, His Life and His Work, Journal Microscopical Society, 1917, pp. 1-105, pls. 1-13 pp. 44, 45). PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MusSEuM, VOL. 59—No. 2360. 47 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59, the richness of whose foraminiferal fauna struck d’Orbigny at once. He communi- cated with de Cande, a naval officer stationed in the West Indies, who supplemented de la Sagra’s material with sands from Cuba, Haiti, St. Thomas, Jamaica, Martinique, and Guadelupe, and a year’s assiduous work on the material proved to d’Orbigny that Cuba provides all the species to be found in any West Indian gatherings, besides many species not found elsewhere in the West Indies. He pronounces the dictum that Cuba can not be compared for Foraminiferal fauna with any place in the world ex- cepting the Adriatic. He found in the Cuban sands 117 species, ‘‘one-tenth of the whole of the foraminifera known up to the present day;’’ and on these results being communicated to de la Sagra they agreed that the work ‘‘should serve as a basis for the study of the foraminifera comprehending my general views, my classification, and the succinct characters of all the genera,’’ and he therefore gives an abstract of the general observations which he proposes to publish later in his ‘‘ouvrage special.’’ He points out that until that moment nothing at all was known of the Foraminifera of the Antilles except about 20 species that he had noted in the ‘‘Tableau Metho- dique.’’ At the end of his introduction he makes the astonishing statement that so specialized are the Cuban forms that of the whole 117 he had only found 5 in other parts of the world, but this must be read in the light of his views on species from different geographical areas. Very many of his peculiarly Cuban species have been swallowed up in the synonymies of other species of wide tropical distribution. At the same time it may be remarked that he recorded several species in 1826 (from material furnished by de Ferussac) which he did not find again in the 1839 material. A study of the Jamaican material shows that the species of the Cuban Monograph which are represented fall into three groups: First, those species which are of wide distribution and were found in the West Indies for the first time and are not distinctively tropical or West Indian. Such species are Globigerina buttoides, G. rubra, G. duterirei, and Pulvinulina menardu. Secondly, there are species which are known to have a wide distribution in tropical seas, such species as Teztularia candeiana, Cymbatopora poeyr, Tretomphalus bulloides, and Triloculina linneiana. The third group contains species so far as known characteristic of the general West Indian regions such as Truncatulina rosea, Polystomella lanveri, Asterigerina carinata, and Quinqueloculina tricarinaia. The figures in d’Orbigny’s work are occasionally somewhat con- ventionalized, but as a rule are very faithful in the representation of the species they illustrate, especially when compared, as they should be, with material from the same general region as that from which the originals were obtained. A comparison of the general characters of the Jamaican collec- tions and of d’Orbigny’s species shows that the West Indian region in less than 10 fathoms (18 meters) has a marked scarcity of Astrorhizidae, Lituolidae, and Lagenidae. The great preponderance of the Miliolidae is what would be predicted in a tropical coral reef region. The Textulariidae and Rotaliidae are represented by com- paratively few species, not as many as might have been expected. The region of Montego Bay on the northwest coast of Jamaica is open to the Caribbean, but the area behind the reefs, and especially NO. 2360. FORAMINIFERA FROM JAMAICA—CUSHMAN. 49 the material from among the Bogue Islands, represents the faunal constituents of quiet, protected waters. All the dredgings are in water of 10 fathoms (18 meters) or less and three of them in 1 fathom (2 meters) or less, so that they corre- spond well with d’Orbigny’s ‘‘shore sands.”’ The material about Montego Bay collected by the writer was from the following stations: 1. In very shallow water, 2 feet deep at mean tide, in the area covered by the short “eel grass,” consisting of a sandy mud from a quiet and protected area. 2. In water 1 fathom (2 meters) deep in a protected cove of the Bogue Islands, bottom of fine mud. 3. In 3 fathoms (5 meters) on the inner side of the reefs in the western part of Montego Bay, sandy. 4. In 6 fathoms (11 meters) in a pocket of the reefs surrounded by living coral. 5. In 9 fathoms (16 meters) in muddy sand. 6. In 10 fathoms (18 meters) in ‘‘coral sand” of the outer reef. The material from Runaway Bay was from about the base of cal- careous algae collected by Mrs. G. L. Cheney and given me by Mr. Charles W. Johnson, of the Boston Society of Natural History. Family LITUOLIDAE. Genus AMMOBACULITES Cushman, 1910. AMMOBACULITES REOPHACIFORMIS Cushman. Ammobaculites reophaciformis CusHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910 p. 440, figs. 12-14. Specimens are rare at Montego Bay in 6 fathoms (11 meters) and at Runaway Bay. There is nothing corresponding to this species figured in d’Orbigny’s work. It occurs in various parts of the West Indies and on the coast of Florida, and extends westward to the Philippines and other tropical regions of the Indo-Pacific. Family TEXTULARIIDAE. Genus TEXTULARIA Defrance, 1824. TEXTULARIA AGGLUTINANS d’Orbigny. Plate 11, figs. 1-3. Textularia agglutinans p’OrBIGNY, Foram. Cuba, 1839, p. 144, pl. 1, figs. 17, 18, 32-34. Specimens are fairly common in the material occurring both at Montego Bay, stations 2, 4, 5, 6, and at Runaway Bay. It is a 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59 4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. common species in the West Indies noted by d’ Orbigny from Cuba, St. Thomas, Martinique, and Jamaica. The figures given by d’ Or- bigny show a rather smooth species, but the description says “‘rugose.”’ The Jamaican specimens are, however, smoother than specimens I have seen from other regions. The figures given by many writers and referred to this species show that the name has been used to cover many forms, many of which do not represent this species as it is figured by d’Orbigny and as it occurs in the West Indies. It is evidently found in shallow tropical waters in many regions, but it is very doubtful if the mate- rial from deep, cold water often referred to it is the same at all. TEXTULARIA CONICA d’Orbigny. Plate 11, figs. 4-6. Textularia conica D’OrBIGNY, Foram. Cuba, 1839, p. 143, pl. 1, figs. 19, 20. D’Orbigny’s figure is somewhat conventionalized and smooth, but otherwise illustrates fairly well this common tropical species found in shallow water of the West Indies and other regions. D’Orbigny recorded it from Cuba and Jamaica. At Montego Bay it occurred at the two deeper stations at 9 and 10 fathoms (16 and 18 meters), but not in the shallower water nor at Runaway Bay. TEXTULARIA CANDEIANA @’Orbigny. Plate 11, figs. 7, 8. Textularia candeiana D’ORBIGNY, Foram. Cuba, 1839, p. 143, pl. 1, figs. 25-27. D’Orbigny does not mention Jamaica, although he found the species in material from Cuba, Martinique, and St. Thomas. The Jamaican specimens I have are very close to those figured by d’Orbigny except perhaps slightly shorter. The great increase in size toward the apertural end is fully as striking as in the types. There are several specimens from Montego Bay in 10 fathoms (18 meters), but not from the shallower stations. This is one of the specific names allowed to lapse by subsequent authors. It is not again recognized until Millett, in 1899, referred a Malay form to this name as a variety under 7. sagittula.t’ This is a short form not unlike this in some ways, and with the material I referred to T. candeiana in 1911 from the Hawaiian Islands and Gaspar Straits it would seem that this species has a wide distribu- tion in shallow waters in the tropics. 4 Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 2, 1911, p. 12. NO. 2360. FORAMINIFERA FROM JAMAICA—CUSHMAN. 51 Genus BOLIVINA d’Orbigny, 1839. BOLIVINA PUNCTATA d’Orbigny. Plate 11, figs. 9, 10. Bolivina punctata d’OrBiaeNy, Voy. Amer. Mérid., vol. 5, pt. 5, ‘‘Foraminiféres,”’ 1839, p. 63, pl. 5, figs. 10-12. Textularia caribaea D’ORBIGNY, Foram. Cuba, 1839, p. 145, pl. 1, figs. 28, 29. A comparison of the two sets of figures given above with the original descriptions leaves very little to choose between the two. The material from Jamaica might represent either and it does not seem possible to distinguish the two,so that the earlier name is here used. As this name has been extensively used while 7. caribaea has been entirely neglected, the choice of the two is fortunate. D’Orbigny’s records for T. caribaea are Cuba, Jamaica, and Martinique. 30. . Truncatulina rosea (d’Orbigny). Photograph of ventral view. X 30. . Truncatulina candeiana (d’Orbigny). a, dorsal view; 6, ventral view; ¢, side view. (Rosalina candeiana d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 4, figs. 2-4.) . Truncatulina candeiana (d’Orbigny). Runaway Bay, Jamaica. X 30. . Truncatulina antillarum (d’Orbigny). a, dorsal view; 6b, ventral view; c, side view. (Rosalina antillarum d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 5, figs. 4-6.) Truncatulina antillarum (d’Orbigny). Photograph of dorsal view of speci- men from 9 fathoms (16 meters), Montego Bay, Jamaica. x 30. Truncatulina antillarum (d’Orbigny). Photograph of ventral view. > 30. Cymbalopora poeyi (d’Orbigny). a, dorsal view; 6b, ventral view; c, side view. (Rosalina poeyi d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 3, figs. 18-20.) Cymbalopora poeyi (d’Orbigny). a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, side view. (Rosalina squammosa d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 3, figs. 12-14.) Cymbalopora poeyi (d’Orbigny). Photograph of dorsal view of specimen from Montego Bay, Jamaica. 30. Cymbalopora poeyt (d’Orbigny). Photograph of ventral view. 30. Tretomphalus bulloides (d’Orbigny). a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, side view. (Rosalina bulloides d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 3, figs. 2 and 3.) Puate 14. Discorbis auberii (d’Orbigny). a, dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, side view. (Rosalina auberit d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 4, figs. 5-8.) . Discorbis auberti (d’Orbigny). Photograph of dorsal view of specimen from Montego Bay, Jamaica. X30. . Discorbis auberti (d’Orbigny). Photograph of ventral view. 30. . Discorbis valvulata (d’Orbigny). a, dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, side view. (Rosalina valvulata d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 3, figs. 21-23.) . Discorbis valvulata (d’Orbigny). Photograph of specimen from Montego Bay, Jamaica. 30. . Asterigerina carinata d’Orbigny. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, side view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 5, fig. 25; pl. 6, figs. 1 and 2.) . Asterigerina carinata d’Orbigny. Dorsal view of specimen from Montego Bay, Jamaica. X30. . Asterigerina carinata d’Orbigny. Ventral view of specimen from Montego Bay, Jamaica. 30. . Nonionina grateloupi d’Orbigny. a, side view; b, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 6, figs. 6 and 7.) Nonionina grateloupi d’Orbigny. Montego Bay, Jamaica. 30. Nonionina grateloupi d’Orbigny. Montego Bay, Jamaica. 30. Polystomella laniert d’Orbigny. a, side view; b, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 7, figs. 12 and 13.) Polystomella laniert d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 2 feet, Bogue Islands, Montego Bay, Jamaica. 30. 80 Fia. 14. 15. 16. ae: Fie. 1. or PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 59. Spiroloculina antillarum d’Orbigny. a, front view; b, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 9, figs. 3 and 4.) Spiroloculina antillarum d’Orbigny. Runaway Bay, Jamaica. X30. Spiroloculina antillarum d’Orbigny, var. angulata Cushman. Photograph of specimen from 2 feet, Bogue Islands, Montego Bay. X30. Spiroloculina arenata Cushman. Photograph of specimen from 1 fathom (2 meters), Montego Bay, Jamaica. X30. PLATE ‘15. Vertebralina cassis d’Orbigny. a, side view; b, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 7, figs. 14 and 15.) . Vertebralina cassis d’Orbigny. Specimen with uncoiled chambers. a, side view; 6, apertural view. (Vertebralina mucronata d’Orbigny: after d’Or- bigny, pl. 7, figs. 16 and 17.) . Vertebralina cassis d’Orbigny. Specimen with coiled chambers only. a, side view; 6, apertural view. (Vertebralina mucronata d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 7, figs. 18 and 19.) . Vertebralina cassis d’Orbigny. Photograph of coiled specimen irom 10 fath- oms (18 meters), Montego Bay. X30. Vertebralina cassis d’Orbigny. Photograph of uncoiled specimen from same locality. X30. 6-8. Vertebralina cassis d’Orbigny. Montego Bay. X30. 9. 10. 1s 12. 13. 14, Fie. 1. bo Quinqueloculina agglutinans d’Orbigny. a, side view; b, opposite side; c, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 12, figs. 11 and 13.) Quinqueloculina agglutinans d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 1 fathom (2 meters), Bogue Islands, Montego Bay. 30. Quingqueloculina bidentata d’Orbigny. a, side view; b, opposite side; c, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 12, figs. 18-20.) Quinqueloculina bidentata d’Orbigny. Runaway Bay. X30. Quinqueloculina lamarckiana d’Orbigny. a, side view; 6, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 11, figs. 14 and 15.) Quinqueloculina lamarckiana d’Orbigny. a, side view; b, opposite side; c, apertural view. (Quinqueloculina auberiana d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 12, figs. 1-3.) PLATE 16. Quinqueloculina cuvieriana d’Orbigny. a, side view; 5, opposite side; c, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 11, figs. 19-21.) . Quinqueloculina cuvieriana d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 9 fathoms (16 meters), Montego Bay, Jamaica. X30. . Quinqueloculina polygona d’Orbigny. a, side view; 6, opposite side; c, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 12, figs. 21-23.) . Quinqueloculina polygona d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 10 fathoms (18 meters), Montego Bay. X30. . Quinqueloculina dilatata d’Orbigny. «a, side view; 6, opposite side; c, aper- tural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 11, figs. 28-30.) . Quinqueloculina dilatata d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 1 fathon. (2 meters), Bogue Islands, Montego Bay. X30. . Quinqueloculina poeyana d’Orbigny. a, side view; b, opposite side; c, aper- tural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 11, figs. 25-27.) . Quingueloculina poeyana d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 10 fathoms (18 meters), Montego Bay. X30. . Quinqgueloculina antillarum d’Orbigny. «a, side view; b, opposite side; c, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 12, figs. 4-6.) NO. 2360. FORAMINIFERA FROM JAMAICA—CUSHMAN. sl Fie. 10. ate ee ue i ee a Geaieny! Phowioenly of specimen from 9 Lik 12, 13. 14. Fie. 1. ow 10. ll. 12. 13. Fie. 1. . Articulina sagra d’Orbigny. Specimen with a single linear chamber. a fathoms (16 meters), Montego Bay. 3 Quinqueloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny. * side view; ), opposite side; c, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 11, figs. 7-9.) Quinqueloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from Montego Bay. X30. Triloculina labiosa d’Orbigny. a, side view; 6, opposite side; c, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 10, figs. 12-14.) Triloculina labiosa d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 6 fathoms (11 meters), Montego Bay, Jamaica. X30. PLATE 17. Triloculina fichteliana d’Orbigny. a, side view; b, opposite side; c, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 9, figs. 8-10.) . Triloculina fichteliana d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from Runaway Bay, Jamaica. 30. . Triloculina linneiana d’Orbigny. a, side view; 5, opposite side; c, apertural view. (Afterd’Orbigny, pl. 9, figs. 11-13.) . Triloculina linneiana d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 9 fathoms (16 meters), Montego Bay. X30. . Triloculina oblonga Montagu. a, side view; 6, opposite side; c, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 10, figs. 3-5.) . Triloculina oblonga Montagu. Photograph of specimen from 1 fathom (2 meters), Bogue Islands, Montego Bay. X30. . Triloculina planciana d’Orbigny. a, side view; 6, opposite side; c, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 9, figs. 17-19.) . Triloculina planciana d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 1 fathom (2 meters), Bogue Islands, Montego Bay. 30. . Triloculina carinata d’Orbigny. a, side view; b, opposite side; c, apertural view. (Aiter d’Orbigny, pl. 10, figs. 15-17.) Triloculina carinata d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 1 fathom (2 meters), Bogue Islands, Montego Bay. X30. Triloculina carinata d’Orbigny, var. obscura Cushman. Photograph of speci- men from Montego Bay, Jamaica. X30 Massilina inaequalis Cushman. Photograph of specimen from 6 fathoms (11 meters), Montego Bay. 30. Massilina inaequalis Cushman. Photograph of specimen from 6 fathoms (11 meters), Montego Bay. 30. PLatTe 18. Articulina conico-articulata (Batsch). Photograph of specimen from 10 fathoms (18 meters), Montego Bay. X30. side view; b, opposite side. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 9, figs. 23 and 24.) . Articulina sagra d’Orbigny. Specimen with two linear chambers. a, side view; b, apertural view. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 9, figs. 25 and 26.) . Articulina sagra d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 9 fathoms, (16 meters), Montego Bay. X30. . Articulina sagra d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 10 fathoms (18 meters), Montego Bay. X30. . Articulina lineata Brady. Photograph of specimen from 6 fathoms (11 meters), Montego Bay. 30. . Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal). a, side view; 6, apertural view. (Peneroplis elegans d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 7, figs. 1 and 2.) 27177—21—P roc.N.M.vol.59 6 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. Fie. 8. 10. ys 12, 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal). Photograph of specimen from 9 fathoms (16 meters), Montego Bay. X30. . Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel and Moll). Photograph of specimen from 6 fathoms (11 meters), Montego Bay. X30. Peneroplis arietinus (Batsch). Photograph of specimen from 6 fathoms (11 meters), Montego Bay. 30. Peneroplis cylindraceus (Lamarck). Photograph of specimen from 6 fathoms (11 meters), Montego Bay. 30. Peneroplis carinatus d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 2 feet, Bogue Islands, Montego Bay. X30. Peneroplis proteus d’Orbigny. a, side view; 6, apertural view. (Peneroplis protea d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 7, figs. 7 and 8.) Peneroplis proteus d’Orbigny. Specimen with slender form. (Peneroplis protea d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 7, fig. 9.) Peneroplis proteus d’Orbigny. Specimen with more flaring form. (Pene- roplis protea d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 7, fig. 10.) Peneroplis proteus d’Orbigny. Close-coiled form. (Peneroplis protea d’Or- bigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 7, fig. 11.) Peneroplis proteus d’Orbigny. a, side view; b, apertural view. (Peneroplis dubius d’Orbigny: after d’Orbigny, pl. 6, figs. 21 and 22.) Peneroplis proteus d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 6 fathoms (11 meters), Montego Bay. X 30. Peneroplis proteus d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 6 fathoms (11 meters), Montego Bay. X 30. . Peneroplis discoideus Flint. Photograph of specimen from 6 fathoms (11 meters), Montego Bay. XX 30. PuLaTeE 19. . Peneroplis discoideus Flint. Photograph of specimen from 6 fathoms (11 meters), Montego Bay. X 30. . Peneroplis discoideus Flint. Photograph of specimen from 10 fathoms (18 meters), Montego Bay. X 30. . Peneroplis discoideus Flint. a, flat view; b, edge view. (Orbiculina compressa d’Orbigny (part): after d’Orbigny, pl. 8, figs. 5 and 6.) . Orbiculina compressa d’Orbigny. Adult full-grown specimen. (After d’Or- bigny, pl. 8, fig. 4.) . Orbiculina compressa d’Orbigny. Young specimen. (After d’Orbigny, pl. 8, fig. 7.) . Orbiculina compressa d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from 10 fathoms (18 meters), Montego Bay. X 30. . Alveolina pulchra d’Orbigny. a, end view; b, apertural view. (After d’Or- bigny, pl. 8, figs. 19 and 20.) . Alveolina pulchra d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from Runaway Bay, Jamaica. > 30. . Alveolina pulchra d’Orbigny. Photograph of specimen from Runaway Bay, Jamaica. > 30. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. II FORAMINIFERA FROM THE NORTH COAST OF JAMAICA. FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 78. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 12 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE NORTH COAST OF JAMAICA. FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 78. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 13 1Ga FORAMINIFERA FROM THE NORTH COAST OF JAMAICA. FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 79. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE NORTH COAST OF JAMAICA. FOE DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 79 AND 80. PL. 14 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 15 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE NORTH COAST OF JAMAICA. FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 80. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 16 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE NORTH COAST OF JAMAICA. FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 80 AND 81. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. I7 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE NORTH COAST OF JAMAICA. FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 81, 18 PL. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM FORAMINIFERA FROM THE NORTH COAST OF JAMAICA. FOE DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 81! AND 82, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 19 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE NORTH COAST OF JAMAICA. FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 82. NOTES ON SAWFLIES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. By S. A. Ronwer, Custodian of Hymenoptera, United States National Museum. The types of most of the new species here described are in the collection of the United States National Museum. A few, however, are in the collections of other institutions which have forwarded the material to the author at his request and on the condition that the types be returned to them. Suborder IDIOGASTRA. STIROCORSIA KOHLI Konow. A single male collected at Sandakan, Borneo, by C. F. Baker agrees fairly well with the description of the female given by Konow and is, I believe, the male of his species. Length,8mm. Anterior trochanters and hind tibiae dark piceous; ventral sternite produced into a rather narrow truncate process apically, the ventral surface with six tubercules arranged so as to form a semicircle. Suborder CHALASTOGASTRA. Family XIPHYDRIIDAE. XIPHYDRIA ABDOMINALIS Say. Xiphydria abdominalis Say, Keating’s Narr. Exped, appendix, vol. 2, 1824, p. 311; LeConte’s Writings of Say, vol. 2, 1859, p. 208. In my synopsis of the Nearctic species of Xiphydria' I con- sidered this species to be the same as attenuata Norton and rufiventris Cresson, and made a specimen from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, a neotype for Say’s species. A single female specimen collected at Charter Oak, Pennsylvania, June 19, 1918, by H. B. Kark, proves that this interpretation for the species is incorrect and that the specimen chosen as a neotype can not justly be considered as such. 1 Ent. News, vol. 29, 1918, pp. 105-111. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59—No. 2361. 83 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. - VOL, 59. The specimen collected by Kirk agrees in all ways with Say’s de- scription and can be separated from attenuata by the following key: Wings uniformly brownish; legs entirely black.................---- abdominalis Say. Wings hyaline to subhyaline; trochanters, bases of tibiae and tarsi more or less, WIGS. 2.6}. OAPs ers y; EPP LU. OSE Ta Ae attenuata Norton. XIPHYDRIA ATTENUATA Norton Xiphydria attenuatus Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 1, 1862, p. 144. Xiphydria rufiventris CREsson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 3, 1880, p. 34. Xiphydria abdominalis Rouwer (not Say), Ent. News, vol. 29, 1918, p. 107. Additional material proves that this is not, as the writer had previously considered, a synonym of abdominalis Say. (See above discussion under abdominalis.) XIPHYDRIA CHAMPLAINI, new species. Female.—In color this species suggests erythrogastra Ashmead and abdominalis Say, but may be distinguished from both these species by its larger size, yellow spots on abdomen, more sculpturing on the head, and the sharply constricted hind tibiae. Ignoring the color of the abdomen, it will run to tibialis Say, but the head is not as coarsely sculptured, the hind tibiae are longer and sharply constricted basally. Length, 14mm. Anterior margin of clypeus with a median tooth; head below lateral ocelli irregularly reticulate; front above the antennae with two oblique low ridges forming a broad V; area immediately behind a line tangent to lateral ocelli reticulato-granular ; vertex polished with a few poorly defined punctures; ocellocular line distinctly longer than the postocellar line; cheeks and posterior orbits, nearly to the top of eye, with dorsal-ventrad aciculations; orbital carina distinct, extending well above the top of eye; antenna 19-jointed, strongly tapering, not extending much beyond tegule, second joint half as long as third and equal in length with fourth; prescutum broad, the anterior width subequal with the length, rounded posteriorly so the caudad width is half the cephalad width, with a distinct median longitudinal groove, the surface coarsely reticulate and anteriorly, with a tendency to form a transverse ridge; notauli broad, foveolate; scutum reticulate, with the usual granular areas laterally; suture between scutum and scutellum deep, foveolate; scutellum reticulate, the posterior lateral areas more finely so; mesepi- sternum coarsely reticulate, with a tendency to striation below; prepectus polished; mesosternum shining, with separate punctures; mesepimeron rugose; metapleura coarsely reticulate; propodeum shining, with separate punctures, the oblique depressions foveolate; transverse depression at base of second (first gastral) tergite reticulate; apical part of second tergite and all of the following (becoming finer. apically) granular; posterior tibia one-third longer than their tarsus, constricted basally (more sharply dorsally), compressed and with a No. 2361. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SAWFLIES—ROHWER, 85 longitudinal furrow on sitar surface: WOAH Straight above, nearly truncate apically, rounding to aston narrow base Black, with yellow markings and a red abodmen; head yellow, antennae, apices of mandibles, band from bases of antennae (where it is tridentate and broader) to occiput, where it meets two oblique lies from top of eye, and the posterior face black; thorax black, prosternum, anterior and posterior angles of pronotum, tegulae, a spot above, spot on pre- scutum, two spots of scutum in front of scutellum, spot on mesepi- sternum and two spots on mesosternum yellow; legs yellow, bases of coxae, the femora and apices of hind tibiae black; abdomen rufous, propodum, base of second tergite and the sheath black, sides of second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, and a small spot on nith tergites yellow; wings hyaline, venation, except reddish costa, black. Male.—Because of the shape of the prescutum the male would fall in with ebdominalis, but it is larger than that species; the legs are stouter and the head immediately above the antennae more coarsely sculptured. Length, 10 mm. The structure and markings of female except where noted. Antenna 15-jointed, second joint a little more than half as long as third and somewhat shorter than the fourth, the two basal jomts reddish; postocellar line subequal with the aeallogulen line; black of the head more extensive; upper part of mesepisternum spots on metapleura and propodeum yellowish; legs rufous, coxae except black bases yellowish; eight and ninth tergites without yel- low; hypopygidium with an arcuate, median emargination; sternites five to eight, with black hair; tibia not as constricted as in female or as strongly compressed. Paratype a has the black of the head greatly reduced, the entire venter and sides of thorax, sternites and margins of tergites and legs yellow. Paratype b has the antenna 16-jomted and mostly pale, the yellow thorax, legs and abdomen of paratype a and has the head, except posteriorly and a spot around the ocelli, yellow. The yellow on the mesonotum is more extensive than in any other specimen. Since preparing the above more material has been received which indicates that paratype a is the typical color for the male. There is very little variation in the female. Type locality.—Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Described from three females (one type) and twelve males (one allotype) reared May 26, 1919, from wood of Carpinus caroliniana. Material collected and reared by A. B. Champlain, for whom the species is named. Type, allotype, and paratypes.—Cat. No. 22365 U.S.N.M. Para- types (female and male) returned to Bureau of Plant Industry, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL, 59. XIPHYDRIA HERITIERAE, new species. In the rufous head and general color the female recalls X. ruficeps Moscary, but it does not answer the description in all ways, being distinguished by the more joints to the antenna, the pale base of the wings, and different color of the legs. The male would go to rujipes Smith in Konow’s key, but the sculpture, especially that of the abdomen, is quite different from that species. Female.—Length, 16.5 mm. Anterior margin of the median part of clypeus with a low, rounded median tooth, laterally the clypeus has a rounded lobe-like tubercle; sides of face depressed (except at eye margin) and finely granular; area between bases of antennae convex, irregularly reticulate; frons to height of lateral ocelli striato-reticulate; middle fovea shallow with sloping walls; ocelli in a low triangle ' well below the supraorbital line; postocellar and ocellocular lines sub- equal; cheeks, temples, and head behind the ocelli smooth polished; antennae 17-jointed, scape strongly curved, flattened on the lateral surface, pedicellum subequal in length with the first joint of flagellum, more than half as long as the scape, curved and somewhat compressed laterally; flagellum hairy, very strongly tapering, the first joint dis- tinctly longer than fourth, the joints decreasing in length toward apex, basal part of flagellum thicker than scape or pedicellum; pres- cutum and scutum coarsely reticulate; notauli well defined, more or less distinctly foveolate; axillae mostly granular; scutellum shining and with distinct, large, separated punctures; mesepisternum closely punctato-striate; mesepimeron with strong oblique striae; propo- deum and base of second tergite shining and with distinct punctures . which are closest medianly; apical part of second tergite, all of the next five, and basal part of eight opaque, closely punctured; apical part of eight and entire ninth tergite shining, and with scattered irregular, setigerous punctures; ninth tergite elongate, but rounded apically; sheath rather short, strongly tapering apically; third cubital but little shorter than the second, receiving both interradius and second recurrent close to base; nervulus at basal fifth. Black, with bluish reflection in bright sunlight; head and first two joints of an- tenna rufous; two spots on dorsal median part, and a spot on pos- terior ventral angle of pronotum, a small circular spot on side of second tergite, apical margin of eight tergite, lateral spot on apex of ninth tergite yellowish-white; legs black; anterior tibiae reddish; basal half of hind tibiae, hind basitarsus and extreme base of inter- mediate tibiae yellowish-white; wings hyaline, beyond the basal vein brownish; venation black. Paratypes exhibit the following variations: Length, 12-20 mm. ; ventral and posterior (lateral) margins of pronotum yellowish. Male.—Length, 12 mm. Antennae 18-jointed, base of flagellum not so distinctly broader than the scape and pedicellum as in female; No. 2361. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SAWFLIES—ROHWER, 87 hypopygidium rounded apically; otherwise structure as in female. Black, with bluish reflection in bright sunlight; scape piceous; a small spot on temples above and ventral margin of pronotum yel- lowish; legs below trochanters rufo-ferruginous; wings uniformly hyaline, iridescent; venation dark brown. Paratypes show the following variation: Length, 10-12.5 mm.; propodeum with a dorsal yellow spot on anterior margin. Type locality.—Sunderbans, Bengal, British India. Described from seven females (one type) and six males (one allo- type) reared from ‘‘Sundri” (Heritiera fomes Buch’ (=mnor)) by C. F.C. Beeson. Type, allotype, and paratypes.—Cat. No. 22588 U.S.N.M. Para- type females and males returned to oflice of forest zoologist, Dehra Dun, India. XIPHYDRIA HERITIERAE, subspecies BORNEENSIS, new subspecies. Female.—Length, 15 mm. Differs from the typical form in hav- ing the upper margin of mesepisternum smooth and polished, in ner- vulus being interstitial with basal and in the second and ninth ter- gites being entirely black. Type locality.—Sandakan, Borneo. Described from one female collected by C. F. Baker. Type.—Cat. No. 22589 U.S.N.M. XIPHYDRIA FLAVICORNIS, new species. This species is, judging from the descriptions, closely allied to testacea Moscary, but there are slight difference in color, and the male is larger. Female.—Length, 12 mm. Clypeus projecting over the bases of mandibles, laterally with oblique striae, medianly with a sharp tri- angularly shaped tooth; face with irregular dorsad-ventrad raised lines, frons rather coarsely reticulate, area between postocellar line and supraorbital line with irregular striae which become weaker dor- sally; vertex and temples polished, without sculpture; lower cheeks with oblique striae; the occipital carina ending about opposite the middle of eye; ocelli in a low triangle well below the supraorbital line; postocellar line subequal with the ocellocular line; antenna 15-jointed not extending beyond tegula, slender and tapering from the second joint; second antennal joint two-thirds as long as the third and somewhat longer than the fourth, which is subequal with the fifth; prescutum truncate posteriorly, the anterior width sub- equal with the median length; notauli broad, shallow, foveolate; prescutum, scutum, and scutellum (anteriorly) reticulate; posterior part of scutellum opaque, granular, and with some irregular raised lines; anterior face of pronotum with dorsad-ventrad rugae; mesep- isternum with irregular depressed areas which dorsally look like large, shallow punctures; mesosternum shining almost without 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 59. sculptured; abdomen obtuse apically, the tergites dull, granular; sheath short, broad, rounded apically; hind basitarsus subequal in length with hind femur; hind tibiae subequal in length with hind tarsi and about twice as long as hind femora; venation normal, Black; basal two joints of antenna brownish, rest of antenna yel- lowish; base on mandibles, a spot above each antenna, inner mar- gins of eyes (broader above), cheeks, temples, and posterior part of vertex yellow; upper angles of pronctum, three spots on scutellum, metanotum entirely, and upper part of mesepisternum yellow; basal four segments of abdomen, except inner margin of propodeal plates and median apical margins of tergites, which are brownish, ferrugi- nous, apical part of abdomen black, the seventh and eighth tergites laterally and the apical one medianly yellow; legs ferruginous, with bases of tibiae and tarsi whitish; wings uniformly hyaline, venation dark brown. Male.—Length, 8 mm. Sculpture and structural details as in female; antennae 14-jointed, with relationship of basal joints as in female; preultiminate sternite with a bunch of long bristles near middle of apical margin; apical sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Pale ferruginous, broad line on middle of face, margins of thorax dorsally and tergites medianly brownish; basal two joints of anten- nae pale brownish, the remaining joints whitish; wings hyaline, venation pale brown. Type locality —Sandakan, Borneo. Described from one female (type) and one male (allotype) col- lected by C. F. Baker. Type.—Cat. No. 22379 U.S.N.M. XIPHYDRIA PYRURA, new species. The dark wings, black body with the red terminal segments should make it easy to pick out this species. Male.—Length, 16 mm. Clypeus not extending over base of mandibles, its lateral surfaces shining, medianly with a sharp tooth; face and frons below ocelli with strong raised lines which medianly form dorsad-ventrad striations; area below anterior ocellus shining and sparsely punctured, somewhat depressed so there is a broad shallow middle fovea; area around ocelli, vertex, and temples polished, without sculpture; cheeks with a few strong striae; occipital carina strong, extending dorsally to a line drawn tangent to inner margin of eyes; ocelli in a low triangle, a short distance below supraorbital line; postocellar line distinctly longer than ocellocular; antennae short, 14-jointed, slightly thickened medianly, tapering apically, second joint half as long as the third and a little shorter than the fourth; anterior and lateral faces of pronotum shining, with strong rugae in the depressions; prescutum subgibbous, its anterior surface punctured; prescutum almost V-shaped, its anterior width slightly No. 2361, DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SAWFLIES—ROHWER., 89 greater than the median length; prescutum, scutum, and base of scutellum coarsely reticulate, the posterior part of scutellum finely reticulate; mesepesturnum strongly ridged posteriorly, anteriorly coarsely reticulate, behind the ridge shining but with rugae in the depression; basal five tergites punctured (the basal ones more strongly so) the remaining tergites smooth; apical tergite long; hind basitarsus longer than the three following joints, slightly shorter than the hind femur; hind tarsi distinctly longer than the hind tibiae; venation normal. Black; tibiae and tarsi dark brownish black; apical two abdominal segments rufous; wings violaceous, venation black. The paratype is about 13 mm. long and has the tibiae and tarsi reddish piecous. Type locality.—Mount Makiling, Luzon, Philippine Islands. One male collected by C. F. Baker. Also one male, collected March to June, 1911, by C. V. Piper, at Lamao, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Type.—Cat. No. 22380 U.S.N.M. FAMILY ARGIDAE. ARGE ANNULITARSIS, new species. In general color and markings of legs suggests Arge rosae (Lin- naeus), but the wings are not yellowish and the scutum and prescutum are pale. Female.—Length, 7 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus shallowly, arcuately emarginate; supraclypeal foveae connected with antennal foveae, elongate and deeper than antennal foveae; supraclypeal area strongly convex, but not carinated; middle fovea elongate, closed below, extending dorsad half the distance between bases of antennae and anterior ocellus, open above; antennal furrows dorsally, vertical and postocellar furrows obsolete; postocellar line distinctly shorter than ocellocular line; antenna clavate, flagellum carinate beneath; stigma rounded below; third cubital longer on radius, shorter on cubitus than second cubital; second recurrent about half the length of second intercubitus from base of third cubital; basal joing sub- costa about the length of intercosta before origin of cubitus; nervulus slightly beyond the middle of cell; legs normal. Ferrugineous; head, antennae, mesosternum, most of scutellum, metanotum, and apex of sheath black; legs ferrugineous, apices of tibiae and tarsal joints black; spines yellowish; hair color of body; wings dusky hyaline; venation black. Type locality—Murree, 7,500 feet (about 2,272 meters), British India. Described from one female collected August, 1917, by Dutt and forwarded by Imperial Entomologist of British India. Type.—Cat. No. 22511 U.S.N.M. 90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. ARGE DENTIPES, new species. Much larger than victoria Kirby, which it resembles somewhat in color. Female.—Length, 14 mm. Labrum broad, short, sparsely punc- tured, the apical margin truncate; clypeus nearly flat, broadly, shallowly, arcuately emarginate, the lateral angles rather sharp, surface with distinct, rather close punctures; supraclypeal foveae deep, elongate, oval, not connected with antennal fovea; antennal furrows complete, broad; middle fovea sharply defined by ridges laterally, open below, above with an oval-shaped depression; ocellar depression rather small, but well defined; vertical furrows poorly defined and present only anteriorly; postocellar furrow rather poorly defined, curved; postocellar line slightly longer than ocellocular line; face and front with distinct small punctures, closer on front; vertex and cheeks shining almost impunctate; antenna distinctly thickening apically; thorax and abdomen shining; third intercubitus with two curves; recurrent veins parallel, the second half the length of second intercubitus beyond it; nervulus distinctly before middle of cell; four anterior femora with a tooth above at about the apical third; posterior femora slender basally, suddenly enlarged dorsally at about the middle; hind tibiae somewhat compressed apically. Head and thorax deep metallic blue; abdomen beyond the propodeum rufo- ferrugineous with sheath and median spots on first eight tergites metallic blue; legs metallic blue; antennae black; wings dark brown with a violaceous tinge; venation black; head, thorax, and legs with short white hair. Type locality.—Lashio, Burma. Described from one female collected at an altitude of 3,000 feet (about 909 meters), August, 1914, by Fletcher and forwarded by the Imperial Entomologist of India. Type.—Cat. No. 22506 U.S.N.M. The unusual femora and central spots on the abdomen should make it easy to recognize this species. It is difficult to tell how much reliance should be placed on the tubercules on the four anterior femora, as the anterior one on the left side is almost normal. The sudden swelling of the posterior femora will, however, probably be constant. Genus CIBDELA Konow. As far as known the species belonging to this genus are confined to the oriental and the adjacent parts of the Palaearctic regions. All of the known species are entirely metallic bluish or bluish green and have the wings more or less dark. The species examined are closely allied and while they can be distinguished comparatively easily by comparison they are difficult to tabulate. The following key may be of service in distinguishing the forms here treated. The only species ee No. 2361. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SAWFLIES—ROH WER, 91 which is omitted is scita Konow. Specimens of a species which agrees with Konow’s description of scita and were determined as that by Enslin are at hand but they belong to the genus Avge. Whether seita was wrongly placed by Konow or not can not be determined from the information at hand, and a comparison of the type will probably be necessary. The following tabulation is based on females. KEY TO CERTAIN SPECIES. 1. Postocellar and ocellocular lines subequal............-----/s:-20-+----0----20-- 2 Postocellar line distinctly longer than ocellocular line........-.....-..--....-- 3 2. Basal part of wings clear; a distinct dark brown spot below stigma, and apex of Bem iInuly Drowiicn 2.0 S2e hl. PO Mrs PhS maculipennis (Cameron). Basal part of wings brownish; no distinct cloud below stigma, although this area is somewhat darker......-.-....+.--.-+- A ANS eas op chinensis, new species. Sowanes uniformly, dark: brown. 20.)< 0). 2\atb ls aodraXt yolhra’ \4 jebatat: bo’ vere day ho aE wat ste en sag a sash fonegiaoy n Mg nad soa tr! sheallarty aavaor ning ae ma | outoney Ay aft SE f at Mh ‘tS i jeu ee - : é PA Pa ‘ 3 ; \Sy 5s "eg hier * chine oe borg sy ” \ Ad > A fy itr. ; % a» wre mde SE ‘(ae \ Qi TUN way oS “f oe y ee - pee ne *, Pett, Biscay enone. Oa 7%, a HA ‘walt Re Bae Bee ae Ding ere eee, hh AE ae wee os ahe i Barero eye, ete whe Chia aie St a covey AO hee rey wala 4 Mitts oe wh fociet 2! dtesesite Chere hh Bie here eh ae ae Peete etatisis of the. lnages pealinthig beyond aay a Tae Perea tke kota Bee expel ha Pasha UNE on © Hate Bieaviied ab. the wept its, ths Lowen pike Fey pile ee ae ‘nem Drs COP Tar a PrerSe RS ay Dhstesnala. Lees af wi ree Lis eS Che er a fun -aantaieay winnie sul RRR CHR ITT Ny cocka: SBR RNR, Aree, SN ied ie oe on Ry Sopa Beeaans gered 2g ant, LeyHtk: Shs tar, nae he vA a mK Ey one natingd by sdiwl): aepaer on a a GEIR, we Pla, this ee n “veda late: Bec PS ee 4 ie ns ga patslye Dek Shah BS betes pundit oat Og uy Petave thy Gown iietienti tel ae Be bel on tamnigem eh, ae PEA. desk etal Me daituce hy. Chebeerk eden vig To OR BB se rt RO sees ¢: 4 charanten ut veri oy aaa U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 20 BARNACLES OF THE SAN JUAN ISLANDS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I15. TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. By Epwarp W. Berry, Of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. INTRODUCTION. During the reconnaissance of the Dominican Republic, made during 1919 under the direction of T. Wayland Vaughan for the Dominican Government, fossil plants were collected at seven different localities. Most of this material is very poor, and determinable forms are confined to the five following of these localities: At locality 8685 (D. C. 5) a brown sandy clay collected by C. W. Cooke and D. D. Condit furnished a specifically undeterminable Inga. At locality 8739 (D. C. 65) a gray friable sandstone furnished a specifically undeterminable Melastomites collected by D. D. Condit. At locality 8607 (C-21—19) C. W. Cooke collected Calyptranthes domingensis, new species, from a late Tertiary or Pleistocene clay, exposed in a bluff on Samana Bay about 12 miles east of Sanchez. The fourth locality, No. 8684 (D. C. 4), has furnished most of the determinable forms. This is a yellowish sandy clay exposed in a cut near the pier at Sanchez, and the collectors were C. W. Cooke and D. D. Condit. The fifth locality, about 1 mile west of Los Bancos, Azua Province, furnished the type of Sophora cooket. The total number of forms identified is eleven, a much too small a number to give a correct idea of the botanical facies or of the geo- logical age beyond the obvious facts that they indicate a tropical habitat and a Tertiary age. There are no traces of ferns or palms, and the majority of the forms, such as Pisonia, Sophora, Sapindus, Calyptranthes, Bucida, and Bumelia, are obviously strand types, as might well be true of the remainder. There are no traces of any of the typical plants of the Mangrove association, nor Lauraceae or Moraceae, all types normally present in tropical Tertiary floras. The only previous record of fossil plants from the whole island, other than a reference to their presence by: Gabb, is the determination by the writer of the genera Inga, Nectandra, and Eugenia in material collected by Miss C. J. Maury in the valley of Rio Yaque del Norte in connection with her work on the Mollusca of that region, and quoted by her in the discussion of the faunas. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 59—No. 2363. 117 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. LIST OF STATIONS AT WHICH DETERMINABLE FOSSIL PLANTS WERE COLLECTED. 8564 (D. C. 77A-19). Azua Province, Rio San Juan, about 1 mile west of Los Bancos. D. D. Condit, collector. May 21, 1919. 8607 (C-21-29). District of Saman4, bluff on Saman4 Bay, about 14 miles east of Sanchez. C. W. Cooke, collector. April 26, 1919. 8684 (D. C. 4). District of Saman4, cut in clay near pier at Sanchez, eastward-dipping beds, fossil plants and few mollusks. D.D. Condit and C. W. Cooke, collectors. April 1, 1919. 8685 (D. C. 5). District of Samané. Beach 400 feet east of collec- tion D. C. 4 (8684) Sanchez, mollusks and plants. D.D. Condit and C. W. Cooke, collectors. April 1, 1919. 8739 (D. C. 65). District of Monte Cristi, about 54 miles up Gurabo River from Gurabo Adentro, fossils from below conglomerate. D. D. Condit, collector. May 9, 1919. LIST OF FOSSIL PLANTS FROM THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Station. Species. 8564 | 8607 | 8684 | 8685 | 8739 | | Ponettes; eppeies.vadics.$.). tered a atl. desecale, -wee Md | a ai -beaensy Pisonia conditi Berry, new species... .-~--~--|-.-.--]--+--- oC ge eels eee ; Inga sanchezensis Berry, new species.......|-..---|------ Pe OE Ae ane oe Inga, species indeterminable......:-...-.--|.-.-+-|------|---+-+- Ka clecetad Pithecolobium samanensis Berry, new pod ee, alah AER I Ahn hat lagen i oes expt ut yrs nl evi xe ee. See ee Sophora cookei Berry, new species. -...--.- I Hat -ald SE .- -[befacers])- CE - ee hispaniolana Berry, new species. .|......|------ cee ene Calyptranthes domingensis Berry, new species. losing. 2-.cerrelg. 2! -botitaess)-saase ® sibdesasts -Lebot oak Bucida sanchezensis Berry, new species.....|....-.|------ SC lesa eee Melastomites domingensis Berry, new species4)g-.iiscrs. scroel-J- -tactt -stoa-b ules yetil gett - Miyaele awa - J gets Melastomites species indeterminable........|...---|-..---|---«+-|------ | x Bumelia reclinatafolia Berry, new species..|.....-|..---- sé AEE oe Guettardia cookei Berry, new species......-|...---|------ iipieeert lol DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. Order GRAMINALES. Family POACEAE. Genus POACITES Brongniart. POACITES, species. Description.—The collection from Sanchez contains very abundant but fragmentary remains of what is evidently some grass or sedge, more probably the former. The remains are lax, linear in form, No. 2363. FOSSIL PLANTS FROM DOMINICAN REPUBLIC—BERRY. L1L9 and range in width from 2 mm. to 3 mm., with a well-marked mid- vein and very faintly marked parallel lateral veins. They are of no botanical importance. Although the name Poacites is one that has been applied indis- criminately to a variety of Paleozoic and Mesozoic objects of varied botanical affinity, it is so appropriate for fragments of grass foliage of uncertain relationship that I have ventured to use it in the present connection. Occurrence.—Locality No. 8684. Cut in clay near pier at Sanchez, District of Samana. Order CHENOPODIALES. Family NYCTAGINACEAE. Genus PISONIA Linnaeus. PISONIA CONDITI, new species. Plate 21, fig. 1. Description.—Leaves of small size, lanceolate, and slightly inequi- lateral in general outline, widest in the middle and equally pointed at the apex and base. Margins entire. Texture coriaceous. Length about 3.25 em. Maximum width about 1.1 em. Petiole very short and stout, only a millimeter or two in length. Midrib stout and prominent. Secondaries thin, immersed; five or six alternate camp- todrome pairs diverge from the midrib at angles of about 45 degrees. These small leaves are characteristically inequilateral by having the basal margin flat on one side and curved on the other with the distal margin flat on the opposite side and curved on the other side. Named for the collector, D. D. Condit. The genus Pisonia contains over a dozen fossil species from the Upper Cretaceous through the Tertiary in the Northern Hemisphere. In this country there are three species in the Wilcox Kocene, two in the lower Jackson, and a fifth in the Alum Bluff formation of Florida. None of these are especially close to the present form. The existing species of Pisonia are numerous and occur chiefly in the Tropics, predominantly in the Western Hemisphere. The genus is still present in the flora of Santo Domingo. Occurrence.—Locality No. 8684. Cut in clay near pier at Sanchez, District of Samana. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35451, U.S.N.M. 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. ‘ Order ROSALES. Family MIMOSACEAE. Genus INGA Willdenow. INGA SANCHEZENSIS, new species. Plate 21, fig. 11. Description.—Leaflets of fairly large size, ovate lanceolate and markedly inequilateral in outline, widest below the middle with an acuminate tip and an acute base. Margins entire. Texture sub- coriaceous. Length about 9 cm. Maximum width about 3 cm. Petiolule missing. Midrib thin. Secondaries thin, camptodrome, of a considerably different aspect in the opposite halves of the lamina. Tertiaries mostly obsolete. The present species is rather similar to Inga oligocaenica Berry ! from the Culebra formation of Panama. Less than a score of fossil species are known, the genus being sparingly represented in the European Tertiary, although the modern species, which number over 200, are confined to the American Tropics. There are several species in the Antilles, but the majority of the recent forms are continental. Among modern forms that have come to my notice Inga maritima Bentham of Brazil is much like the present fossil species. Occurrence.—Locality No. 8684. Cut in clay near pier at Sanchez, District of Samana. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35452, U.S.N.M. Genus PITHECOLOBIUM Martius. PITHECOLOBIUM SAMANENSIS, new species. Plate 21, fig. 2. Description.—Leaflets broadly ovate and inequilateral in general outline, sessile, with a blunt apex and a broadly rounded base. Margins entire. Texture subcoriaceous. Length about 3.2 cm. Maximum width 1.8 em. Midrib stout, curved. Secondaries thin, about 9 pairs diverge from the midrib at wide angles and fairly regular intervals, curve upward and are regularly camptodrome. Tertiaries comprise marginal loops and percurrent nervilles between the secondaries. This leguminous leaflet is closely allied to the few fossil species that have been referred to this genus and to numerous existing species, as for example, the leaflets of Pithecolobium unguis-cati Linnaeus) Bentham, a tree widespread over the Antilles. More) than 100 existing species are known. They occur in both Tropics but perhaps three-fourths are American, many of them, such as the widely planted rain tree (P. saman Bentham), being large trees. 1 Berry, E. W., U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 32, pl. 16, fig. 2, 1919. {oe No. 2363. FOSSIL PLANTS FROM DOMINICAN REPUBLIC—BERRY. 121 The fossil species heretofore recognized include two from the Wilcox Eocene, one from the Catahoula eeietion (Oligocene) of Louisiana, * one from the supposed lower Miocene of Columbia, and two from the Pliocene of Bolivia. The present species is most suggestive of P. oligocaenum Berry, from which it differs in its rounded. base, its sessile habit, and more numerous secondaries. Oceurrence.—Locality No. 8684. Cut in clay near pier at Sanchez, District of Samana. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35453, U.S. N. M. Family PAPILIONACEAE. Genus SOPHORA Linnaeus. SOPHORA COOKEI, new species. Plate 21, fig. 12. Description.—Leaflets elliptical and slightly inequilateral in gen- eral outline with an equally rounded apex and base, the latter slightly the wider. Texture coriaceous. Length about 2.5 cm. Maximum width, at or below the middle, about 13.5 mm. Leaflets sessile. Midrib stout and prominent. Secondaries mediumly stout, five subopposite to alternate pairs diverge from the midrib at wide angles and form a wide camptodrome loop in the marginal region. Tertiaries obsolete. Named for C. W. Cooke. This species is unfortunately based upon a single specimen, so that the complete characters and limits of variation can not be made out. It is exceedingly close to a number of previously de- scribed forms from the Tertiary of the southern United States as well as Europe, and to the leaflets of several existing species of the American tropics, as for example, Sophora tomentosa Linnaeus, a cosmopolitan tropical strand plant distributed through the agency of ocean currents by means of its buoyant seeds. The present species is similar to Sophora henryensis Berry* and to the smaller leaflets of the very abundant Sophora wilcoxiana Berry,‘ both species of the Wilcox Eocene. It is also similar to Sophora claiborniana Berry® of the Claiborne Eocene and to Sophora europaea Unger of the later Tertiary of Europe.°® There are about 25 existing species of shrubs and small trees referred to the genus Sophora, scattered in the warmer parts of both hemispheres and found on all tropical seashores. Occurrence.—Locality No. 8564. Azua Province, Rio San Juan, 1 mile west of Los Bancos. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35454, U.S.N.M. 2 Berry, E. W., U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 98M, p. 239, pl. 55, fig. 10, 1916. * Berry, E. W., U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 91, p. 243, pl. 52, fig. 2, 1919. 4 Idem., p. 241, pl. 47, figs. 1-13. 6 In press. 6 Unger, F., Foss, Fl. v. Sotzka, p. 57, p. 42, figs. 1-5, 1850. 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 59. Order SAPINDALES. Family SAPINDACEAE. Genus SAPINDUS Linnaeus. SAPINDUS HISPANIOLANA, new species. Plate 21, fig. 3. Description.—Leaflets of small size, ovate lanceolate in general outline with a broad abrutply pointed base and a much extended acuminate tip. Margins entire. Texture subcoriaceous. Length about 4.5 cm. Maximum width, in the lower half of the leaflet, about 1.3 cm. Petiolule missing or wanting. Midrib mediumly stought; straight. Secondaries thin, mostly immersed; numerous equally spaced camptodrome pairs diverge from the midrib at wide angles. Tertiaries obsolete. These small leaflets appear to represent a new species of Sapindus. They are approximately equilateral and smaller than most of the fossil species but may be compared with Sapindus georgiana Berry’ from the lower Jackson of Georgia, which, except for their somewhat narrower form, are exceedingly close to the present species. The existing species are numerous in the warmer parts of both hemis- pheres, including several species of soapberry of the Antillean beaches. Among these the present species is very similar to S. marginatus Willdenow of the Florida keys, which is a rare and little known form that may be present still in the Antilles. The fossil species are exceedingly numerous from the Upper Cretaceous through the Tertiary. Occurrence.—Locality No. 8684. Cut in clay near pier at Sanchez, District of Samana. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35455, U.S.N.M. Order MYRTALES. Family MYRTACEAE. Genus CALYPTRANTHES Swartz. CALYPTRANTHES DOMINGENSIS, new species. Plate 21, figs. 9, 10. Description.—Obovate subsessile leaves of small size and leathery texture, with a broadly rounded tip, widest above the middle, from which it tapers to a cuneate base. Margins entire, evenly rounded. Length about 2.5 cm. Maximum width about 1.6 em. Midrib stout, prominent. Secondaries thin, immersed, numerous, and subparallel; they diverge from the midrib at wide angles, pursue a rather straight outward course, and are abruptly camptodrome 7 Berry, E. W., U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 84, p. 143, pl. 27, fig. 11, 1914. No. 2363. FOSSIL PLANTS FROM DOMINICAN REPUBLIO—BERRY. 123 ICEL cA PETE ee in the marginal region. Tertiaries thin, subparallel, with secondarie with which they unite at acute angles. This species has the characteristic venation of the genus, known in the fossil state only from the Wilcox Eocene of the United States® and the Gatun formation of the Canal Zone.’ In form the present species approaches Bumelia, but the venation is decidedly different. A somewhat similar venation is displayed in the genus Chrysophyllum of the family Sapotaceae where, however, the normally pointed leaves are not typically, but occasionally obovate or retuse, and in which the venation is not identical with the fossil. The genus Calyptranthes contains about 70 existing species ranging from Mexico and the West Indies to southern Brazil and exclusively American except for certain doubtfully determined forms from the Fiji Islands, Africa, Mauritius, and Java. The present fossil species may be compared with the existing Calypyranthes syzygvum (Linnaeus) Swartz, a shrub or small tree of Haiti and other islands of the Antilles. Occurrence.—Locality No. 8607. Bluff on Samana Bay, about 14 miles east of Sanchez, District of Samana. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35456, U.S.N.M. Family COMBRETACEAE. Genus BUCIDA Linnaeus. BUCIDA SANCHEZENSIS, new species. Plate 21, fig. 8. Description.—Leaves obovate in form, widest distad a short dis- tance below the broadly rounded and slightly emarginate apex, nar- rowing rapidly to the narrowly cuneate or decurrent base. Margins entire. Texture coriaceous. Length about 5cm. Maximum width about 3.75 cm. Petiole missing. Midrib stout and prominent. Secondaries ascending and camptodrome in the wider distal part of the leaf becoming flatter and straighter in the narrowed basal half of the leaf where their camptodrome endings become modified to form a pseudomarginal vein. Tertiaries obsolete. This characteristic leaf appears to represent a Tertiary species of Bucida, a genus which is monotypic in the existing flora, its single living species being a strand and coastal marsh plant of the peri- meters of the Caribbean and throughout the Antilles, and just reach- ing the tip of the Florida peninsula. The genus has not heretofore been recognized in the fossil state. Occurrence.—Locality No. 8684. Cut in clay near pier at Sanchez, District of Samana. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35457, U.S.N.M. 8 Berry, E. W., U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 91, p. 319, pl. 90, fig. 5, 1916. * Berry, E. W., U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 39, pl. 18, fig. 1, 1919. 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. Family MELASTOMATACEAE. Genus MELASTOMITES Unger. MELASTOMITES DOMINGENSIS, new species. Plate 21, fig. 7. Description.—The very fragmentary specimens representing the genus Melastomites do not really merit a specific name since they are too meager for any adequate diagnosis. Since, however, more rep- resentative material may be a long time in coming to light, and it is important to have a name of this form to use in discussion, and since also where a fossil form is certainly not a representative of one already described and which can be subsequently recognized there is no reason for using ‘‘species’’ instead of a real name. Fragments indicate an ovate form pointed at both ends, with an entire margin, a prominent and stout curved midrib, stout acrodrome primaries, and less stout marginal acrodrome vein on either side which may be modified to slightly arch from end to end of the straight ter- tiaries extending outward from the lateral primaries. The latter are united with the midrib by thin, close-spaced, transverse-curved, inosculating tertiaries. The indicated size of these leaves is about 8 cm. in length and 3 cm. in maximum width. A small fragment of a leaf of Melastomites of either this or an unknown species is contained in a collection made by D. D. Condit from a gray friable sandstone lying beneath a conglomerate 54 miles up the Ric Gurabo from Gurabo Adentro (Loc. 8739). The genus Melastomites was proposed by Unger ® and contains several species in the Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene of Europe. A form referred to this genus from the Upper Cretaceous of West- phalia is probably Lauraceous. . 922 UILIOLO OL RUT 02 SAA Pa 6 5. Palpi red; under side bluish-black, except the first three or four ventral segments, which are reddish; legs black or piceous, femora more or less reddish; last ventral segment of male deeply arcuate-emarginate; last dorsal segment of male at apex deeply emarginate at middle; outer claws of the first and second pair and the inner claws of the posterior tarsi distinctly cleft in the male; small species about Gib mE BOY Se. OPEL Boe OE TOT GS OF SIPS Jissipes, new species. Palpi black or piceous; underside and legs bluish-black, ventral segments some- times narrowly reddish at sides; fifth ventral segment of male broadly emarginate at apex; last dorsal segment subtriangularly emarginate at apex in the male and truncate in the female; clawsin both sexes simple; large species, about 8-10 mm. nigriventris, new species. 6. Large species about 10 mm. long; form rather elongate; blue sutural vitta above the median facia broad and wider than the red humural space; underside and legs bluish-black, ventral segments at sides and fifth at apex largely red, fifth ventral segment of male at apex broadly arcuate-emarginate, and last dorsal feebly SILER GO this eas ao aaah an an Bene Btn me slaichle hea eisai gol ape wma ata nero Spinola. Smaller species about 8 mm. long or less; form rather robust; all the claws, or the inner claw of anterior and middle tarsi of male toothed....................--- t 7. Elytra densely and relatively coarsely punctate; blue sutural vitta above the median fascia as wide or wider than the red humeral space; humeri with a black apot; body below metallic blue; ventral segments red, but sometimes at sides more or less black; fifth ventral segment in the male deeply arcuate-emarginate at apex; last dorsal segment in the male emarginate at middle and broadly rounded in the female; male with inner claw of anterior and middle tarsi more or less distinctly dentate, posterior claws simple...........--.- Jemoralis Schaeffer. Elytra relatively sparsely punctate, the punctures well separated; sutural vitta above the median fascia narrow, not as wide as the red humeral space; humeri without black spot; body below blue or bluish-black; all ventral segments at sides and last at apex red; fifth ventral and last dorsal segment of the male scarcely emarginate, last dorsal segment of the female emarginate at apex; all the claws of the male cleft, with the inner tooth shorter than the outer. dentipes, new species. 8. Body below and legs entirely metallic blue; sutural vitta above the median fascia as wide or wider than the red humeral space; humeral spot absent; fifth ventral segment rather deeply arcuate-emarginate and last dorsal segment rounded at apex in the male, the latter in the female narrowly, subtriangularly emarginate at apex. The inner claw of the front tarsi toothed in the male. antennatus, new species. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 59. AULICUS MONTICOLA Gorham. Aulicus monticola GorHAM, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Col., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1882, p. 146, pl. 8, fig. 18.—Scurenxuiine, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschrift, 1907, p. 306.—Woxcorr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 1910, p. 364; Canad. Entom., vol 42, 1910, p. 245. Head red, rather sparsely punctate, below with a black mediun spot, palpi black; antennae black, first jomt below and the two following often more or less reddish. Prothorax red with a black median vitta extending along apex and base; surface sparsely punc- tate. Elytra rather densely and coarsely punctate, intervals between the punctures more or less rugose; median fascia in form of a trans- versely oval spot; sutural vitta above the median fascia, narrow, either parallel or narrowing obliquely to the scutellum, scarcely attain- ing the base; dark humeral spot absent. Body beneath and legs black, last ventral segment red, penultimate segment red at sides and black at middle; ventral segments rather sparsely punctate. Claws simple in both sexes. Fifth ventral segment of male feebly emarginate, last dorsal segment subtruncate at apex in the male and broadly rounded in the female; length 8.5-13.5 mm. Alpine, Texas (Wickham); Mexico (Dugés). I have seen about eighteen specimens of this species from Texas and Mexico, and though the markings are variable, they are less so than in most of the other species. Generally a species of medium size; the largest measurements above were taken from a Mexican specimen in the collection of the United States National Museum. It is an easily recognizable species. AULICUS FEMORALIS Schaeffer. Aulicus femoralis SCHAEFFER, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 25, 1917, p. 132. Head red, coarsely and closely punctate; palpi black or piceous rarely reddish; the outer joints of antennae black or piceous, but the club of the male often pale. Prothorax black at middle, apex and base, red at sides; surface moderately punctate, punctures rather coarse. LElytra closely and coarsely punctate, intervals between the punctures rugose; basal part of sutural vitta broad, as wide or wider than the red humeral space, sometimes gradually widening towards base; median vitta more or less constricted at middle and wider laterally and in heavily marked specimens nearly uniting laterally with the apical blue spot; black humeral spot sometimes absent. Underside and all the femora largely red, except apex of the latter and tibiae and tarsi black; fifth ventral segment occasionally more or less blackish and in the male rather deeply arcuate-emarginate at apex, in the female truncate. Last dorsal segment at apex emargi- nate at middle in the male, broadly rounded in the female. The inner claw of anterior tarsi of the male distinctly dentate, of the No. 2365. NEW BEETLES OF THE GENUS AULIOUS—SHAEFFER 155 middle tarsi less distinctly so, posterior claws simple. Length 6-8 mm. Arizona: Nogales (Nunenmacher); Santa Rita Mountains, (Wick- ham); Chiricahua Mountains, (Owen); Coyote Mountains, (Lutz); Tucson, (Horn coll.). This species is the only one which differs very much in the coloration of head, prothorax, and underside. Specimens taken with the typical form by Doctor Lutz have the head and prothorax above and below, also the mesosternum, metasternum, and all the femora bluish-black; the ventral segments in these are either red or red with black spots at sides; otherwise they do not differ from the typical form. AULICUS FISSIPES, new species. Male.—Head black, moderately coarsely punctate, punctures more dense anteriorly and posteriorly than at middle; palpi and antennae pale reddish. Prothorax black, sides moderately arcuate; surface rather sparsely punctate with moderately large punctures; anterior constriction as usual more feeble at middle than at sides. Elytra with moderate, not closely placed punctures, pubescence short and sparse; intervals between these punctures scarcely rugose; common blue sutural vitta broadly, arcuately dilated around the scutellum, narrowing behind to the median fascia but absent between the latter and the apical blue spot; median fascia subtriangular, broadest laterally and narrowing toward suture, anterior margin of this fascia very oblique; apical blue spot divided narrowly for half its length by the red suture. Underside obscure metallic-green; abdo- men red, last ventral segment black at middle and deeply, arcuately emarginate at apex; ventral segments rather sparsely punctate; femora red, apically black; tibiae black, but anterior and intermediate pair reddish at apex; tarsi black, the inner claws of the front and middle tarsi and outer claws of hind tarsi distinctly cleft. Last dorsal segment at apex emarginate at middle. Female.—Palpi pale reddish; antennal joints less stout and the three-jointed club black; elytra more rugose than in the male and the blue median vitta more fully developed, reaching to the lateral margin and about as wide at suture as near lateral margin, anterior margin of vitta laterally strongly angulate, posterior margin less strongly; posterior femora largely black and fourth and fifth ventral segment black; sides red; all the claws simple. Length 6.5 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 23083, U.S.N.M. Tucson, Arizona (type, male); San Jose del Cabo, Lower California (female). Of this species I have seen only two specimens of which the type, preserved in the United States National Museum, was collected on August 24, 1913, by W. D. Pierce on cotton, and the allotype is in the Brooklyn Museum. 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. The shape of the median fascia in the fully colored female is differ- ent from any of the other species which, with the more slender form, entirely pale palpi, basally arcuately dilated sutural vitta, and the inner claws of the male distinctly cleft should make this an easily recognizable species. Occasionally specimens of typical femoralis have the palpi more or less reddish and the basal part of the sutural vitta gradually dilated toward base but these differ, besides the more robust form, in having the head, sides of prothorax and the entire underside red. AULICUS NIGRIVENTRIS, new species. Head black, coarsely and moderately closely punctate, denser at sides and apex; palpi black; antennae black, the first three or four joints reddish, basal joint black above. Prothorax black, rather sparsely punctate, punctures coarse. Elytra moderately closely punctate; intervals between the punctures more or less rugose; black humeral spot present; sutural vitta towards base rather strongly arcuately dilated; median fascia broad and generaily arcuate laterally; underside and legs black with metallic blue tint; ventral segments either entirely bluish-black or very narrowly margined at sides with red; fifth ventral segment of male broadly emarginate at apex and last dorsal segment subtriangularly emarginate, in the female trun- cate, all the claws of both sexes simple. Length, 8-10 mm. Mexico (Van Zwaluwenburg) ; Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico (McKinney and Loftin); Chiricahua Mouutains, Arizona (Owen). Type and allotype.-—Cat. No. 23084, U.S.N.M. Described from fifteen specimens, as follows: Type a male from Mexico without definite locality and allotype from Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico, June 28, 1918 (McKinney and Loftin) in United States National Museum; paratypes from Mexico (Van Zwaluwenburg) in collections of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, the Brooklyn Museum, and Mr. Chapin, and from the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, in the collection of Dr. E. C. Van Dyke. A large robust species, which varies very little in elytral maculation, though the elytral sculpture is perhaps more variable than in any of our other species. The subcordiform basal part of the sutural vitta is very pronounced and separates this species readily from the other, except fiissipes, which is a much smaller and less robust insect, with pale palpi, differently colored abdomen, and the male with one claw of all the tarsi distinctly cleft. AULICUS NERO Spinola. Aulicus nero Sreinoua, Essay monogr. sur les Clerites, vol. 1, 1844, p. 330, pl. 27, fig. 5.—CHENU, Encycl. d Hist. Nat. Col., vol. 2, 1860, p. 180.—ScHENKLING, Bull. Mus. Paris, vol. 8, 1902, p. 325.—Horn, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., vol. 2, 1868, p. 134; Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1894, p. 331.—WoL- cotr, Field Mus. Chicago, Zool. Series, vol. 7, 1910, p. 364. Head black, coarsely and densely punctuate; palpi black; antennae, including the club, pale, or the outer joints, or only the club, black. No. 2365. NHW BEETLES OF THE GHNUS AULICUS—SHAEFFER 157 Prothorax black, coarsely and moderately closely punctate. Elytra rather coarsely rugose, punctuation scarcely evident; basal part of sutural vitta broad, of nearly equal width and wider than the red humeral space; humeri without black spot; median vitta normally broad and subtruncate laterally, but becoming much reduced by the extension of the red humeral! and postmedian spaces. Underside and legs black, ventral segments at sides and fifth at apex largely red; the latter moderately arcuate-emarginate in the male and all the claws simple. Last dorsal segment at apex at most feebly emarginate. Length, 10 mm. California (Wm. S. Gabb). Of this species I have seen only five specimens, all males, three from the collection of Dr. George H. Horn and two from Mr. Charles Liebeck, which all came undoubtedly from the same lot, and were, according to Doctor Horn, collected in the coast region of southern California or Lower California. The specimens do not agree exactly with Spinola’s description of the type, in which the median fascia of the elytra is absent, with only the suture and apex blue, the ventral segments red. However, he describes and figures a variation with median fascia, and with this the above specimens agree fairly, and better in form, size, and markings than any other species known to me. Mr. Sigmund Schenkling, who has seen the type and other specimens in the Paris Museum, mentions also the variability of the elytral maculation of this species. There is a possibility that more than one species are included under that name in the Paris Museum; but judging from the variation of the elytral fascia in the five specimens before me, it is possible that specimens occur with the fascia entirely absent. The extent of the red color on the ventral segments is also variable in the few specimens, and specimens may occur in which the black fasciae on the ventral seg- ments are considerably reduced or entirely absent. In consideration of all this I feel more inclined to accept Doctor Horn’s identification of these specimens than to give them a new name. This is one of the few large species of the genus and of more elongate and slender form than nigriventris, the only other large species with black head and prothorax, from which the form of the basal part of the sutural vitta, the absence of the black humeral spot, the ventral segments largely red at sides, etc., will separate it. The sides of prothorax are broadly rounded in nigriventris, in nero more feebly. The punctuation of the elytra in nero is feeble, almost absent, but the surface is more or less and rather coarsely rugose. AULICUS DENTIPES, new species. Head black, coarsely and moderately closely punctate; palpi black; antennae with the first four or five joints reddish, the outer black. Prothorax black, moderately punctate. Elytra not densely punctate, surface between the punctures more or less distinctly 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59. rugose; black humeral spot absent; sutural vitta narrow, smaller than the red humeral space; blue median vitta moderate and more or less arcuate laterally. Body below and legs black, ventral segments at sides and fifth at apex largely red. Fifth ventral and last dorsal segment of the male scarcely emarginate, last dorsal of the female emarginate at apex. All the claws of the male cleft, the inner tooth shorter than the outer, of the female simple. Length, 5.5 mm. San Diego (Schwarz) and Alpine (Wickham), Texas; Luna (Wickham) and Water Canon (Snow), New Mexico; San Bernardino Ranch (Snow) and Chircahua Mountains (Owen), Arizona; San Diego (Orcutt), California. Type, allotype, and two paratypes.—Cat. No. 23085, U. S. N. M. The type, a male, and a female allotype from San Diego, Texas, in the United States National Museum, paratypes in collections of Prof. W. F. Wickham, American Entomological Society, University of Kansas, and Brooklyn Museum. This is the most widely distributed species of the genus, of which I have seen about thirty specimens. I have also a specimen which possibly was collected in Mexico. It is one of our smallest species, measuring from 5.5 to 8 mm. and of the same form as femoralis and nigriventris. The blue median fascia is never very strong and reduced in some specimens to a small rounded spot on each elytron near suture, and the sutural vitta does not reach the scutellum in some specimens. The sculpture of the elytra is in some specimens more coarsely rugose than in others, though the punctuation is always rather sparse. The males are readily separated from the other species by having all the claws toothed, or rather cleft, and the females, besides the coloration and markings, by the distinctly emarginate apex of the last dorsal segment. This latter character is rather unusual and is present only in the female of antennatus, which differs in antennal and other characters from dentipes. AULICUS ANTENNATUS, new species. Male.—Head black, rather closely and coarsely punctate; palpi black; antennae black, the first joint below and the second and third reddish; joints three and four rather elongate and subparallel, five slightly dilated, six to ten subtriangularly dilated but joints nine and ten much larger than any of the preceding joints, joint eleven longer than ten, oval, pointed near apex. Prothorax bluish-black, rather sparsely punctate. Elytra sparsely and not coarsely punctate, surface between the punctures more or less rugose; basal part of sutural vitta nearly parallel to suture and wider than the red humeral space; median vitta moderately large, arcuate laterally. Body beneath and legs entirely bluish black, fifth ventral segment rather deeply arcuate-emarginate and last dorsal rounded at apex; the inner claw of the front tarsi distinctly toothed. Length, 6.5 mm. No. 2365. NEW BEETLES OF THE GENUS AULIOUS—SHAEFFER 159 Female.—Similar to the male except that the blue markings are heavier on the elytra, only the seventh and eighth antennal joints dilated, and the last dorsal segment narrowly but rather deeply emarginate at apex. Length, 6.5 mm. Palm Spring, California (Fenyes). Of this very distinct species I have seen only two specimens. The male (type) is in the collection of Professor Wickham and the female (allotype) in the collection of the Brooklyn Museum. By the structure of the antennae this is rather an aberrant species. The form and also number of the antennal joints is considered important from the generic point of view, and J was at one time inclined to propose a new genus for this species. However, it seems that a number of genera in this family are founded on too slight characters and that a critical revision of the genera of the Cleridae is very much needed and for the present prefer to leave it in this genus. This species can perhaps be equally well placed as an aberrant member of the genus Xenoclerus, which is in all its characters an Aulicus but with a five-jointed antennal club and smooth, not pubescent, elytra. ae gh cite quid eae as agree detacaD ‘suuatneaed “ge boat Db soanele expfeagnot, digstotileD ne | weeasiark shite write: il ‘Renewed aoizaqn. tontieia Wesia aids bas aonibkot UF: soszetor: Yo: neltosiles! 443 ai: a iaqpray at Seu. | iayrezn Me aellgotthads, ta! Rodina lO ed, ciety ablodde- tae ads Me codtas aiccidd-aacccotinn EE a. Betebicnos ci 2 ao fattises anoould? Soe eecdooarce dela cb se 0l fens oftoyteesvtelibanigwely. to. iniog oiteasy edt moit i . antoadt ptioveo lh. ceeiosgpetdt 10} aunties .WSi 4: pene Oe >. diffe ooh ao; habisolotas viiatad: eight tt eerdeiom Yo, cndineest Ke | aeuntek 2 oui locaemey edt de nfotaivat: Spcvidinne vx dads obae s}iereds f a . walt Kot Ove lLotaslorg taped Blah, nos sboboos dostiensy Bars taptned Ce. a8 bevels tl ae abies Sd qedtady «199 -eniOg aH Pub eretonsady: atic tld, ot at dadshiteniase Seank UPI « yh gy dog diver: bite egis lesaetas Datalojrera! es ddivis tude § ie . f 4 ys lead TIPE. thee pAthan % 2) eae gad t 4 ' a i - AS 4 ct try sfc » ‘ tis La / Sh) Lect AP Cyt ¢ ’ é = t 1 ae r 45 4 ~ SAM ; a 4j * ¥ 2 ve , : Bosal... a A ack ae : - ~ fe . ¥ t - . yt iw | ee ne! / ark sit hea? pt ate me 5 . ithe +. 7% Unt tty e hayes he BER Gt 4 an al o Dare AM BI SURE atic Le LUMPY this 9 “ ‘ Ela aes Ct eS Tea at cial e OE BLK rei TR ‘Oa Th bl ee ; ; nt ty ORLY ih CANS aly pi hy 7 Seyi i ‘OM TS op CAS RE oP : fry : hasat-t ay! ae : My ut “ wes atied ee Mc TAeh Kiet ‘ {taupe & he A read fay: boat; Toeian vitte «mocterately ciara. accounted nrelhy ee Lamently | mm wctahs Liaw ibe Girth eantmad or laaphe arouse eo cmargiondte age Partitions! rome nt an ¢ eerie ere bah ten & i Sine! 72521 1 A! cw mye, x RO Tha. a 4 sae Oy CBs as eee a + NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEOTROPICAL SAWFLIES OF THE SUBFAMILY PERREYIINAE. By 8. A. Ronwer, Custodian of Hymenoptera, United States National Museum. In endeavoring to determine some species of the subfamily Per- reyiinae considerable difficulty was experienced in placing the various species into the genera recognized by Konow and Schrottky. The more the matter of the genera was considered the more evident it became that the present keys were unsatisfactory and the more convinced the writer became that a satisfactory solution could not be brought about by the study of the literature and the few specimens available. It did seem, however, that if the new forms were to be described it would be necessary to express in a definite manner just what conception was placed on the various genera. ‘To do this the following key, which includes all the Neotropical genera placed by Konow in his tribe Perreyides, has been prepared. Specimens of all of the genera have not been examined and with the exception of Paraperreyia Schrottky the genotypes of none have been studied, so it is not, certain that all of these genera belong to the subfamily as here limited. This is especially true of Camptoprium Spinola, which is described as having long, filiform palpi, the maxillary having six joints and the labial four jomts. The long normal jointed palpi make it necessary to refer this genus to the Perreyiinae with doubt, because in all species where the palpi have been examined they are found to be short and with the number of joints reduced. That the separation of Perreyia and Paraperreyia given by Schrottky (and it is practically the same as that given by Konow for Perreyia and Brachyioma) is at least open to verification is evidenced by the associ- ation of sexes in Lophyroides tropicus as given by Cameron.! The male of tropicus, because of its ramose antennae, would belong to Perreyia, while the female, because of the short joints of the flagellum, would go to Paraperreyia. Since the genera are not sufficiently well understood, it has been deemed advisable to place the species in genera already described rather than adding new generic names. It is to be noted that the work of Cameron on this group was perhaps 1 Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., vol. 1, 1883, p. 61. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59—No. 2366. 27177—21—Proc.N .M.vol.59——11 161 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. more carefully done than that of any other author, and I feel that I have only expanded on the beginning made by him. In this paper I have listed all of the species in the National Col- lection and all of the species I have recently studied. Some of the material was borrowed from other museums on the condition that the types bereturned. The disposition of the type material is given after each description. KEY TO GENERA. legAntennse with 10 :0r-db jones: oe ase eer ae ees a ein ee er 2 Antennae With JZ or More JONI... 24 ss oot ws ee esis Joe Eee as eae eee eee 4 2. Body cylindrical, elongate oval; second intercubitus wanting, therefore only three cubital cells; antennae in male with 11 joints; first flagellar joint elongate, the others dilated at apex; palpi short, the maxillary 4 jointed....Tristegus Konow. Body robust, oval; second intercubitus present, therefore with four cubital cells. .3 3. Antennae with 10 or 11 joints of nearly equal size; a single joint of the flagellum narrowed at base and dilated apically; hind part of pronotum more or less BWOMGD on on se cians een ame omer dim eiacatane stale st aehare e manieer Camptoprium Spinola. Antennae of male 10 jointed, of female 10-11 jointed; a single joint of flagellum is conical in the female and funnel-shaped in the male; joints of female some- times COMPPessed | oc. Ba | Peis vm AAee, Lae / ut ty EL. Lainlec whit, 8 Gieeet. Saeticn ond tae epotigs tbat woiwom. Pip sper hee Ub pelated ORE tie Paine rats oaks’ ts ot TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM COSTA RICA. By Epwarp W. Berry, Of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. The present contribution is devoted to a small florule collected from the Tertiary of Costa Rica by Dr. Wendell P. Woodring in March, 1917, while in the employ of the Sinclair Oil Company, and now deposited in the United States National Museum. The collection was made at the northeast border of Talamanca Valley on the west fork of Sheroli Creek, about one-half mile above the forks, there being a waterfall and conglomerate precipice about 100 feet high at the latter locality. In more general terms, the locality is on the southeastern frontier of Costa Rica along the left scarp of the Sixaola Valley, about 30 miles from the Caribbean. The section at the plant locality comprises a thick basal steeply inclined series of marine fossiliferous shales with thin intercalated sandstones, which have been called the Uscari shales. Overlying these unconformably is a thinner series of sandstones and shales from which the fossil plants were collected, and these beds are overlain unconformably by a conglomerate (the Suretka conglomerate). The Mollusca collected from the Uscari shales have not yet been studied, so that the lower limit of age of the deposit can not be stated. The flora itself is too small to throw any light on this point, as it is of a type that might well occur in the American Tropics at any horizon between the Oligocene and the Recent. Only one of the species, and that somewhat doubtfully, has been recorded from the Canal Zone, namely, Hieronymia lehmannt Engelhardt, of the Caimito formation, which is considered as of Upper Oligocene age. This same species was described originally from Loja, Ecuador, from a locality of unknown age, which I have considered as probably lower Miocene. ‘Two other of the Costa Rican fossil plants have an outside distribution, having been described originally from Santa Ana in the Rio Magdalena Valley, Colombia, also from an unknown, probably Miocene, Tertiary horizon. The age of the Costa Rican plants is undoubtedly Miocene, and I would not be surprised if future work would show that it is younger rather than older Miocene. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59—No. 2367. 169 170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor. 59. At the present time the Caribbean coast is a region of swamps and coastal lagoons, with a heavy rainfall and dense forest cover. At Port Limon rain falls 265 days each year, and the annual rainfall amounts to about 170 inches. The existing flora is essentially the same as that of Panama, with a few Antillean and many South American elements. The virgin forests of the valleys, with their tall trees, many lianas, and epiphytes, have been called by Polakowsky the Hylaea association. It has much in common with Brazil, the Guianas, Venezuela, and Colombia and little with that of Ecuador and the Andean uplands or with that of Mexico and Guatemala. Above 8,000 feet the flora consists of a mixture of peculiar species and those common to the Central American uplands to the north. The fossil florule—it is not extensive enough to merit the term flora—consists of 12 recognizable species. These comprise a /eli- conia, two species of pepper (Piperites), a fig, an Anona, an Inga, a Hieronymia, a Btittneria, and three Lauraceae. The collection contains no palms, nor ferns, nor distinctively coastal types. While these peculiarities are believed to be due entirely to accidents of preservation and discovery, the assemblage does not indicate a strand flora but a noncoastal valley flora. It is perhaps needless to remark that it is a typically tropical assemblage, essentially South American in its facies. In addition to the named forms, which represent ten genera, nine families, and nine orders, the collection contains linear parallel-veined monocotyledonous leaves, fragments of undeter- minable dicotyledonous genera, and a leafspot fungus. The scarcity of Leguminosae is remarkable, this alliance being represented by a single species of Jnga—a genus still abundant in the region. The relative abundance of Lauraceae is also worthy of notice. Class MONOCOTY LEDONAE. Order PIPERALES. Family MUSACEAE. Genus HELICONIA Linnaeus. HELICONIA, species. The collection contains small fragments of a large leaf, which undoubtedly represents a Costa Rican Tertiary species of Heliconia. The venation is characteristic, but the material is unfortunately inadequate for specific description. The genus Heliconia is exclusively American in the present-day flora, with between 30 and 40 species widely distributed in the American Tropics from the Antilles to Brazil. It is exceedingly common in Central America and the lower Montafia region of Peru No. 2367. FOSSIL PLANTS FROM COSTA RICA—BERRY. 171 and Bolivia, where I have observed it, and probably elsewhere through out northern South America. Heliconia has not previously been recognized in the fossil state, but I have a species as yet unpublished from the late Tertiary of eastern Bolivia, and Musophyllum elegans described by Engelhardt from the Tertiary of Santa Ana, Colombia, is present in material collected by C. F. Bowen at Betijaque, Vene- zuela. The genus Musophyllum was founded by Goeppert in 1854 for fossil Musaceae from the Island of Java, and a number of European and American species have subsequently been described. Fossil forms are liable to be confused with the genera Canna and Geonoma and their allies, but undoubtedly the bulk of the fossil species actually represent the banana. There is no evidence that the existing culti- vated species which flourish so prodigiosuly in the American Tropics were ever indigenous in the Western Hemisphere, and [ can see no reason for not substituting Heliconia for Musophyllum in the Ter- tiary record of tropical America. Class DICOTY LEDONAKE. Order PIPERALES. Family PIPERACEAE. Genus PIPERITES Goeppert. PIPERITES CORDATUS, new species. Plate 22, fig. 1. Description.—Leaves of medium size, approximately equilateral, cordate in general outline, with an acuminate tip, and a not deeply cordate base. Margins entire, full, and evenly rounded. Texture subcoriaceous. Length, about 10 cm. Maximum width, in the lower half of the leaf, about 8 cm. Petiole stout, expanded proxi- mad, about 4.5 cm. long. Primaries seven, from the top of the peti- ole, diverging at acute angles, all curved including the midrib, stout, prominent on the lower surface of the leaf, acrodrome. Secondaries thin but well marked, arching along the margins and internally mostly transversely percurrent. This is an exceediugly well-marked species of Piperaceae which finds many similar forms among existing tropical American species of Piper and related genera. Since its generic affinity can not be posi- tively demonstrated, it is referred to the genus Piperites proposed _ by Goeppert for fossil leaves of the plants of this family. This ancient and specifically abundant family has hitherto fur- nished but few fossil species, its past rarity being thought to be a matter of lack of preservation or discovery, since its extensive modern distribution would seem to indicate that its ancient history Live PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. was extensive. The fossil species comprise three from the Tertiary of Java, one from the Tertiary of Sumatra, one from the Tertiary of Australia, a sixth from the Upper Cretaceous of the Mississippi embayment region, and a seventh from the Denver formation (basal Eocene) of Colorado. It is apparent that the family has been present in America since Upper Cretaceous times, and the hosts of modern species of the American Tropics would seem to indicate a vigorous evolving Tertiary series of forms. The two species from the Ter- tiary of Costa Rica are the first later Tertiary forms found in this hemisphere, and I might add that collections made from the high Andes in Bolivia contained a variety and great abundance of leaves of fossil peppers. Comparisons have been instituted with the leaves of various Menispermaceae, Tiliaceae, Leguminosae, Dioscoreaceae, etc., which suggested analogies with these fossils, and they are found to be clearly referable to the Piperaceae. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35461, U.S.N.M. PIPERITES QUINQUECOSTATUS, new species. Plate 22, fig. 2. Description.—Leaves of smaller size than in Piperites cordatus Berry, cordate in general outline, with an acuminate tip and a more deeply cordate base. Margins entire, full, and evenly rounded. Texture subcoriaceous. Length, about 7 em. Maximum width, in the lower part of the leaf, about 6.25 cm. Petiole missing. Midrib stouter than the lateral primaries which are two on each side. All are fairly prominent on the under side of the leaf. The lateral primaries are not acrodrome as in the preceding species but join a branch from the upper secondaries. Secondaries thin but well marked, camptodrome. ‘Tertiaries thin forming an open mesh. The salient features of this species are well shown in the accom- panying illustration. It is clearly distinct from the preceding and is less common in the collection. It also may be closely matched by several existing American species. Holotype—Cat. No. 35462, U.S.N.M. Order URTICALES. Family MORACEAE. Genus FICUS Linnaeus. FICUS TALAMANCANA. new species, Plate 23. Description.—Leaves elliptical in general outline, with an apiculate acuminate tip and a decurrent base, of relatively large size but shorter and wider than the associated leaves of Anona costaricana. Margins entire and full. Texture subcoriaceous. Length, ranging inal raaiceilaiai rit oa a gine One htt eben ati titties ata at i ts ~~ No. 2367. FOSSIL PLANTS FROM COSTA RICA—BERRY. 1738 from 14 cm. to 16 cm. Maximum width, in the median region, ranging from 5.5 cm. to 7 cm. Petiole stout. Midrib very stout, prominent on the under surface, relatively narrow on the upper surface. Secondaries 8 or 9 subopposite to alternate pairs, diverging from the midrib at wide angles of about 75° to 80°, curving regularly but slightly, and camptodrome in the marginal region. ‘Tertiaries thin, forming an open, prevailingly quadrangular areolation, partly consisting of percurrent nervilles. These leaves are slightly inequilateral and are readily distinguished from the associated fossil leaves by their general outline, shorter wider form, and apiculate tip. This large-leafed form is the only Ficus in the collection and may be readily matched among the very numerous existing species of this genus. Cotypes.—Cat. Nos. 35463, 35464, U.S.N.M. Order RANALES. : Family ANONACEAE. Genus ANONA Linnaeus. ANONA COSTARICANA, new species. Plate 24. Description.—Leaves of large size, somewhat inequilateral and elliptical in general outline, with a bluntly pointed apex and a full wide, eventually somewhat decurrent, base. Margins full, entire, slightly undulate. Texture subcoriaceous. Length, about 17.5 cm. Maximum width, in the median part of leaf, about 6 cm. Petiole short and stout. Midrib stout, curved, channeled above and promi- nent below. Secondaries stout, about 10 alternate pairs diverge from the midrib at wide angles (55° to 80°), ascending in full even curves and camptodrome in the marginal region. Tertiaries thin forming an open polygonal mesh. This is an exceedingly well-marked species, comparable to a con- siderable number of existing American species, among which may be mentioned A. lutiescens Safford of southern Mexico and Guatemala, A. jahnii Safford of Colombia and Venezuela, A. paludosa Aublet of French Guiana, A. marcgravii Martius of Venezuela to Brazil, A. montana Macfadyen of the Antilles, A. sphacrocarpa Splitgerder of Panama, and the allied Raimondia quinduenis (Humboldt, Bonplant and Kunth) Safford of Colombia and Ecuador. None of the previously known fossil forms are as large as this species except certain forms from the Wilcox Eocene of the Missis- sippi embayment. Among these A. ampla Berry! resembles the Costa Rican species and shows the same open areolation. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35465, U.S.N.M. 1 Berry, E, W., U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 91, p. 217, pls. 39, 40, 1916. 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. Order ROSALES. Family MIMOSACEAE. Genus INGA Willdenow. INGA SHEROLIENSIS, new species. Plate 25, fig. 2. Description.—Leaflets ovate and somewhat falcate, markedly inequilateral in outline, particularly proximad. Apex acute. Mar- gins entire. Texture subcoriaceous. Length, about 6.5 cm. Max- imum width, about 2.25cem. Petiolule stout, about 6 mm. in length. Midrib curved, stout, and prominent. Secondaries thin, numerous, subparallel, and camptodrome. ‘Tertiaries subparallel with seconda- ries, close set, connected by fine cross nervilles to form a close areo- lation. This is a well-marked species of Inga, clearly differentiated from previously described fossil forms but showing considerable resem-- blance, particularly in the venation, to Inga reissi described by Engelhardt ? from the Tertiary (probably Miocene) of Santa Ana in Colombia. The latter is, however, a somewhat more ovate and more nearly equilateral leaflet. Several existing species show close similarities to the fossil. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35466, U.S.N.M. Order GERANIALES. Family EUPHORBIACEAE. Genus HIERONYMIA Alien. HIERONYMIA LEHMANNI Engelhardt (7). Hieronymia lehmanni EnceLuHarpt, Uber neue Tertiirpflanzen Siid-Amerikas, Abh. Senck. Naturf. Gesell., vol. 19, p. 11, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2, 1895.—Berry, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 103, p. 36, pl. 16, fig. 3, 1918. Description.—Leaves broadly elliptical or somewhat deltoid and inequilateral in outline, with a shortly acuminate tip and broadly rounded full lower lateral margins and a very wide, somewhat ob- liquely truncated base. Length, about 12cm. Maximum width, in the lower half of the leaf, about 10 cm. Margins entire, full, and rounded. ‘Texture thin but coriaceous. Midrib stout, curved, prom- inent on the lower surface of the leaf. Secondaries stout, 10 or 11 irregularly spaced pairs, prominent on the lower surface of the leaf; they diverge from the midrib at wide angles which become more acute in the apical part of the leaf; those on the narrower side are more ascending and somewhat straighter than those on the wide side; all are conspicuously camptodrome at some distance from the margin. 3 Engelhardt, H., Abh. Senck. Naturf. Gesell., vol. 19, p. 36, pl. 8, figs. 1, 2; pl. 9, fig. 8, 1895. No. 2367. FOSSIL PLANTS FROM COSTA RICA—BERRY. 175 Tertiaries thin, mostly percurrent. Areolation of small, isodiametric polygonal meshes well marked on the under side of the leaf. This rather large leaf is unfortunately represented by fragmentary material just as it was to the southward in the Canal Zone. In some respects its characters suggest a broad Ficus, but it seems clearly identical with the species described by Engelhardt in 1895 from the Tertiary of Ecuador. I have, however, queried the determination because of the broken character of the material, although it is some- what more complete than that from Panama and includes the terminal half of a leaf. This species was described from the coal-bearing series of the Loja basin in the southern Ecuadorian Andes and was subsequently pro- visionally identified from the Caimito formation of Panama. The genus Hieronymia comprises about a dozen existing species of shrubs and trees confined to tropical America and rather widely distributed from Mexico to Brazil as well as in the West Indies and is still represented in Central America. Order MALVALES. Family STERCULIACEAE. Genus BUTTNERIA Linnaeus. BUTTNERIA CINNAMOMIFOLIA Engelhardt (7). Biittneria cinnamomifolia ENGrtHaRptT, Abh. Senck. Naturf. Gesell., vol. 19, p. 32, pl. 7, fig. 9, 1895. Description.—Leaves ovate in general outline, widest below the middle and with an acute apex and base, the latter slightly wider than the former. Margins entire, evenly rounded. Length, about 8.25 em. Maximum width, about 4cm. Petiole stout, about 1.5 cm. in length. Midrib stout, prominent. Basal pair of secondaries trans- formed into pseudoprimaries which diverge from the midrib at an acute angle at the top of the petiole and curve upward subparallel with the lateral margins, joining the normal secondaries about two- thirds of the distance to the apex of the leaf. Normal secondaries 3 pairs in the upper third of the leaf; they diverge from the midrib at a wide angle and are abruptly camptodrome. Tertiaries per- current within and camptodrome outside the area inclosed by the basal secondaries. Areolation prevailingly quadrangular. This species was described from the Tertiary (probably Miocene) of Santa Ana, Colombia, and compared with the existing Buettneria elluptica Pohl, B. affinis Pohl, and B. laevigata Schott. Fragments showing the characteristic areolation are contained in the present collection, but as no reasonably complete specimens have been found the identification is queried. The genus contains about three score existing species of herbaceous or shrubby, mostly climbing, plants largely confined to’ tropical America but found also in Madagascar, the southeastern Asiatic region, and Malayanasia. ‘176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. Order THYMELEALES. Family LAURACEAE. Genus GOEPPERTIA Nees. GOEPPERTIA TERTIARIA, new species. Plate 25, fig. 1. Description.—Leaves of medium size, elliptical oval in general out- line, widest below the middle, with an acute tip and a rounded base. Margins entire, full and evenly rounded. Texture coriaceous. Length, about 12 cm. Maximum width, about 5.75 cm. Petiole missing. Primaries 3, supra basilar, all prominent on the lower surface, midrib stoutest; the laterals diverge from the midrib about 5 mm. above its base at acute angles of about 25°, curving upward. Secondaries comprise a few camptodrome pairs in the tip of the leaf, several broadly curved ascending ones from the outer side of the lateral primaries and an opposite pair from near the base of the midrib. The tertiaries are thin and percurrent or inosculate midway between primaries or secondaries and primaries. Aecrolation forms a fine polygonal lauraceous mesh. This leaf is of a type that has uniformly been referred to the genus Cinnamomum except in a few instances in Engelhardt’s work upon South American fossil plants. I know of no certain characters for distinguishing certain forms of Goeppertia or Cryptocarya from Cinnamomum and am therefore inconsistent in not adhering to cus- tom. It is a problem which paleobotanists will be obliged to face sooner or later in connection with a great many fossil species which have been referred to Cinnamomum. I am influenced by the large number of species of the almost exclusively tropical American tribe Cryptocaryeae which have leaves of the Cinnamomum type; in fact, the modern Cinnamomum camphora Nees has leaves very much lke the present fossilspecies. It does not have the characters of Strychnos nor of the many American Melastomataceae, but is very similar to various species of Goeppertia, a genus with numerous species of tropical America, to which region it is confined, and which is sometimes, as by Pax in Engler and Prantl, made a subgenus of Aydendron Nees. With the exception of a species from the Chattian of Bohemia, the only fossil forms that have been heretofore recognized comprise one from Colombia and two from southern Chile, and all probably of lower Miocene age. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35467, U.S.N.M. No. 2367. FOSSIL PLANTS FROM COSTA RICA—BHERRY. 177 Genus NECTANDRA Roland. NECTANDRA AREOLATA Engelhardt. Plate 27. Nectandra areolata ENGELHARDT, Abh. Senck. Naturf. Gesell., vol. 19, p. 29, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2, 1895. Description.—Leaves of large size, elliptical, acute in general out- line, widest in the middle and equally pointed at both ends. Margin entire, slightly undulate. Texture coriaceous. Length, about 18 cm. Maximum width, about 7.5cm. Petiole short and stout, about 1 cm. in length. Midrib stout and prominent on the lower side of the leaf. Secondaries stout proximad, becoming thin distad, prominent on the lower surface of the leaf; eight to ten somewhat irregularly spaced pairs diverge from the midrib at angles of 45° or more and curve regularly upward, ending in camptodrome arches along the margin. Tertiaries well marked, percurrent. Areolation polygonal. This species was described by Engelhardt from the Tertiary (prob- ably Miocene) of Santa Ana, Colombia, and compared with the existing Nectandra gardneri Meissner. It was based upon rather imperfect type material, more complete specimens being present in the Costa Rica collection. In the account of the Colombian fossil plants, as well as in much of Engelhardt’s paleobotanical work, there is an unwarranted differentiation of specific types, and it seems ex- tremely likely that two additional nominal species which this author described from the same outcrop at Santa Ana, Colombia, should be united with his Nectandra areolata. These are Nectandra Reissi Engelhardt ? and Persea coriacea Engelhardt.* Judging by the illus- trations of these forms they are not to be differentiated, but as I have only actual specimens of the first I hesitate to go beyond suggesting such a change, which would, of course, require that the ageregate go by the name coriacea, which has priority of position in Engelhardt’s discussion. NECTANDRA WOODRINGI, new species. Plate 26, fig. 1. Description.—Leaves broadly lanceolate in general outline, widest midway between the apex and the base, narrowing upward to the acuminate tip and downward to the acute base. Margins entire, slightly undulate. Texture coriaceous. Length, about 15.5 cm. Maximum width, about 4.5 cm. Petiole short and stout. Midrib stout, curved, prominent on the lower surface of the leaf. Second- 3 Englehardt, H., Abh. Senck. Naturf. Gesell., vol. 19, p. 28, pl. 6, fig. 7, 1895. 4Idem., p. 26, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4. 27177—21—Proc. N.M.vol.59——12 178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 59. aries stout, prominent; seven or eight alternate pairs diverge from the midrib at angles of about 45°, sweep upward in long ascending curves, and are camptodrome in the marginal region. ‘Tertiaries comprise arches along the margins and prevailingly percurrent veins between the secondaries. This exceedingly well-marked species is named for the collector, Dr. Wendell P. Woodring. It is most remarkably like the existing Nectandra antillana Meissner, a common woodland and river bank form throughout both the Greater and Lesser Antilles. A nature print of a leaf of the latter is introduced beside that of the fossil species for comparison. I have not searched herbaria to determine whether Nectandra antillana occurs on the mainland of Central America nor whether there are similar leafed Nectandras in the existing flora of Costa Rica, but presumably such is the case. Among fossil forms the present Costa Rican species stands nearest to Nectandra antillanafolia Berry MSS., a rather common form of the Jackson Eocene deposits of Lo, It is also similar to two closely related species of the Wilcox Eocene of the Mississippi embay- ment region, namely, Nectandra lancifolia (Lesquereux) Berry ° and Nectandra glenni Berry.® Holotype.—Cat. No. 35468, U.S.N.M. INCERTAE SEDIS. PHYLLITES COSTARICENSIS, new species. Plate 25, fig. 3, | Description.—It has been impossible to determine the botanical . affinity of this very characteristic small leaf. It may be described as follows: Outline broadly spatulate, widest above the middle, with a rounded tip and a broad sessile sheathing base. Margins full and entire. Texture subcoriaceous. Length, about 5.5 cm. Maximum width, about 2.5 cm. Midrib extremely stout and prominent, ex- panded and flattened at the base. Secondaries subopposite, stout, numerous, and ascending except in the narrowed base, camptodrome. Tertiaries thin, but well marked, percurrent. This form invites comparisons with a variety of recent forms. In the prominent venation it suggests a juvenile leaf or one in proximity to flowers. It is well marked and easily recognized, and should prove useful for purposes of correlation if subsequent collections are made. It suggests the family Moraceae to me, but I do not pas at all certain on this point. 5 Berry, E. W., U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 91, p. 308, pl. 85, fig. 2, 1916, 6 Idem., p. 309, pl. 85, fig. 1. 3 q } ; 1 i ‘ a St, intr ts a al i i No. 2367. FOSSIL PLANTS FROM COSTA RICA—BERRY. 179 Additional examination of recent material in the United States National Herbarium since the foregoing was written, suggests the probability that the present form should be referred to the genus Castilloa Cervantes or to an ancestralform. ‘The modern genus con- sists of a small number of species of trees found from Mexico to Panama and in Cuba, in which the juvenile leaves frequently lack the cordate base of the mature leaves, and are extremely close to the present fossil form. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35469, U.S.N.M. At aden grate At ABE, ould, pty a ae ~ — 9ftas asieg aa i ae tenons a8 oh ih ~ of Coixolt antomt, bagol eset to 2 aoinaqe to vad crea Haan. 5 dngl inaupont, eavagl: pliner edt doider ak acy. aie ou aeoka a. alaater! #9, 9% x) bate ro"tael erutass: add to. grad 2 one -p aftrao bligenk de Daeg) PPAR OM, «Boom, say 16 be z a +P EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 22. Fie. 1. Piperites cordatus Berry, new species. 2. Piperites buinquecostatus Berry, new species. 180 a et y eh A Ee own: = VOL. 59 PL. 22 PROCEEDINGS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM COSTA RICA. 180. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 23 TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM COSTA RICA. FOR EXPLANAT ON OF PLATE SEE PAGE [8]. ve is Serr Prare 28. ie On erie Sawa yh WOW, 5 0. 7) phys er surface hata figure 2, lower Sut rface of Ficus talamancana Berry, 181 PLATE 24. Anona costaricana Berry, new species. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 24 TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM COSTA RICA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 182. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 25 TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM COSTA RICA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 183. PLATE 25. Fic, 1. Goeppertia tertiaria Berry, new species. 2. Inga sheroliensis Berry, new species. 3. Phyllites costaricensis Berry, new species. 1838 PLATE 26. Wie. 1. Nectandra woodringi Berry, new species. 2. Nectandra antillana Meissner, existing species introduced for comparison, 184 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 26 TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM COSTA RICA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 184. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 27 TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM COSTA RICA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 1865. PLATE 27. Nectandra areolata Engelhardt. Teeriaay Foes. Peanta fn Cosh F , aetcadawtow be Mate Hee rye 18, AMERICAN GALLFLIES OF THE FAMILY CYNIPIDAE PRO- DUCING SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK. By Lewis H. WE bp, Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. Few galls on the roots of oaks, produced by the hymenopterous family Cynipidae, have ever been described. The present paper is an attempt to bring the American instances together from the scattered literature and to make considerable additions from the records of the bureau and from the writer’s personal field notes made in various parts of the United States during a period of several years collecting. To the seven species already described as producing underground galls on oak, twenty-three new species are here added, several changes made in synonomy, revisions given of four of the smaller genera, and field notes included on eight additional subterranean galls not reared as yet, the galls being described without name. The paper is a con- tribution from the Branch of Forest Insects, Bureau of Entomology, and was undertaken at the suggestion of Mr. S. A. Rohwer, specialist in forest hymenoptera, to whom the writer is indebted for many helpful suggestions and for access to the records and collections in the Division of Forest Insects and in the United States National Museum. Not all the species mentioned in the subjoined key to the galls have been reared, but in order to make the paper as complete as possible it was thought best to include these unreared galls under the writer’s note numbers without generic determination in order that others may be stimulated to look for them and rear them if possible. Many interesting cases of alternation of generations are no doubt connected with galls on the roots of oak, and much biologic work will remain to be done when all the species have been discovered. Little collecting has as yet been done in the Rocky Mountain region, and new host oaks will be found for many of our better known eastern species. In order better to study the characters used in classification, a specimen of each species here treated was dissected and the parts mounted in balsam.! Drawings were then made with a projection 1 For this purpose alcoholic material can be used or pinned specimens can be relaxed by soaking over- night in 70 per cent alcohol to which some caustic potash has been added. Dissections are then made under binocular, the parts being removed to 70 per cent alcohol in a watch glass. After a few minutes this is drawn off by a fine pipette and replaced by absolute alcohol, then by carbol-xylol,and then parts are mounted in balsam. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59—No. 2368. 187 188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor, 59. microscope and certain ratios determined, using the width of the head as a convenient firmly chitinized base. The length of the mesonotum is the distance from the front margin of the mesoscutum to the hind end of the scutellum, these two remaining connected in a successful dissection. The mesonotum ratio is obtained by dividing this dis- tance by the width of the head. The lengths of antenna and ovipositor were found by stepping dividers set for convenience at 5 mm. along the curves of the drawing and the ratio found by dividing by the width of the head. Some preliminary study indi- cates that these ratios are fairly constant regardless of the size of the individual in the species. The interocular area ratio can be deter- mined from balsam slide or from pinned specimen by measuring the distance between the compound eyes at level of the antennae and dividing by length of eye as measured by a filar micrometer with a 2-inch or with a two-thirds inch objective. In this paper galls are not regarded as a part of a species any more than is the work of a leaf-mining lepidopteron or the galleries of an engraver beetle, characteristic as such work may be of the species in question. A gallis a part of a plant and most cecidologists now hesi- tate to attach to such abnormalities alone binomial Latin names. One can not predict with any certainty what genus is responsible for a gall. Thus when it seems desirable to mention new unreared galls they will be referred to simply by number to avoid adding useless names to the bibliography. ‘The classification of the Cynipidae will progress only by a study of the adults. The more biology that can be correlated the better, and the work of a species may often be the means of its quickest recognition, but the taxonomy of the group must rest on structural characters in the insects themselves. This policy would logically lead to the exclusion of the galls from the type material of a species, and yet it seems desirable that those examples of the work which the author associates with a certain species should be preserved and kept separate for future reference. There is no way to designate them at present except to call them types; and with this meaning only in mind, type labels have been attached to the galls which the author associates with the species. This association is absolutely certain in those rare cases where the identical gall from which the type fly came has been preserved, and this may be properly designated as a type gall. In most cases the association is a matter of judgment. Usually a lot of galls are put in a breeding cage to- gether, and it is impossible to select the one from which a given adult emerged, and in some cases the type flies are cut from galls and the fragments are worthless for purposes of identification and others like them from the same or even different locality are the only ones at hand. They are at best only illustrations of what the author con- siders to be the work of the species; and with this meaning only No. 2368. AMBRICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 189 attached, they are labeled as cotypes or paratypes in the collection, but they are not listed as type material in the body of the paper or in Museum type book. In conformity with this view, the authorship of a species must be credited not to the one who first described and named the gall but to the one who first described the maker of the gall. The number of specimens from which a new species has been described may be seen at the end of each description where the number of specimens measured to get size and range in length is indicated. Type material of all the new species has been deposited in the United States National Museum, and the number of speci- mens so deposited may be seen under the heading “ Type.” The balance has been retained by the author for reference or exchange, for in many cases the material is sufficiently abundant so that exchanges can be arranged with other museums or workers. When the type material consists of specimens bred from different hosts or from different localities or consists of both reared and captured specimens, a ‘‘type’”’ has been selected and the rest called ‘‘para- types.” When the series has been reared from a single polythala- mous gall it is obvious that they are of equal value, and here the term ‘‘cotype”’ has been applied. The term ‘cotype”’ is also used for a series reared from a lot of monothalamous or polythalamous galls all collected on the same host from one locality. Few errors are likely to arise m this application of the term. The arrangement of genera here given follows that of Dalla Torre and Kieffer in the 1910 monograph in Das Tierreich (Lief. 24), and their usage has been followed also in numbering the segments of the abdomen, calling the first free tergite of the apparent abdomen the second, the first being fused with the first sternum to form the petiole. The term parapsides is often here used for parapsidal grooves. Fig- ures 23 and 25 are from negatives in the Division of Forest Insects, eastern station; the rest are from photographs by the author. Unless otherwise noted the galls are represented in natural size. The names used for the oaks are those of the seventh edition of Gray’s Manual for the northeastern United States, and for other regions what seemed to be the best names available. Throughout the paper the same name has been consistently applied to a given oak, but the name used may not in all cases be the one on which all botanists would agree. A study of the host relationships of the gall-making Cynipidae will undoubtedly throw light on the relation- ships of the oaks. Some species attack many oaks and others discriminatingly confine themselves to a single kind. One rootgall- forming species here treated occurs on at least ten species, all in the red oak group, and no doubt will be found on still others. One Californian oak has over forty different galls upon it, none of which 190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. occurs on any other oak in that region, so that finding one of these galls the identity of the oak is known at once. A few of these galls occur on a rare oak in southern Arizona and a few on an oak on the Channel Islands, showing, were botanical evidence not at hand, the close relationship of these local and isolated oaks. It is no uncommon thing to find herbarium sheets of oaks wrongly determined, the evidence being a gall accidently included. There is one American oak on which no Cynipid galls have yet been found. The author hopes at some time to be able to make a contribution to the botany of the oaks based on field observations on the galls. SYNOPSIS OF SUBTERRANEAN CYNIPID GALLS ON OAK. LS rie TOOU walla Se es orth 5 eee eh - Lie Saat FURS sue ee JOT 2a ee ane ee p. 190. 2. Underground woody stem swellings, vovdhnlanons: cells under bark ....... p. 190. 3.'‘Cellsiin the thickened bark'at crown of trees: ')225. Oh So. eS p. 191. 45(Detachableealls aticrowmese ile PaaS ee Je ee ert JE ee p. 191. 1. Galls on the true roots. On small fibrous rootlets: Single or few in cluster, brown, ellipsoid, 5 mm. in diameter, under large tree in forest, 1-5 cm. underground. Q. bicolor ..27. Callirhytis ellipsoida Weld, p. 227. Similar, but on| Q. abe; - 25. en - seed d- 28. Callirhytis elliptica Weld, p. 228. On roots 5-15 mm. in diameter: Large brown woody, single or agglomerated into irregular masses as big as a man’s TA Gp NELCHGLG he Come Ha, Set ee ema 14. Odontocynips nebulosa Kieffer, p. 210. Similar to above but on Q. lyrata and Q. virginiana. Probably No. 14. See note, p. 211. Fleshy, fig-shaped, white, in clusters, in spring, drying to a dark brown mass. Q. virginiana, geminata ........-.- Sah Sas 35. Belonocnema treatae Mayr, p. 238. 2. Underground stem swelling, woody, polythalamous, cells under bark, which is not greatly thickened. Large abrupt swelling covered with normal bark, at base of sprouts or on small sap- lings. Q. agrifolia, californica, wislizent .......--------- 41. Weld No. 1501, p. 243. Abrupt, irregularly rounded, 1-3 cm. in diameter, brown, Q. velutina, marilandica, PORGRG ce tteete pth cack aries abe Sey iee 29. EHumayria floridana Ashmead, p. 230+ Similar in size and shape but perhaps fleshy when fresh. Terminal on etiolated sprouts of a deciduous oak in stone pile or under humus, in Colorado, New Mexico. TRIAL EL. Se are atk watts ite atin tice waren © Sie atone een tS 38. Weld No. 706, p. 242. Sumttar gall on’ Q. envorys si eS PORE. 39. Weld No. 707, p. 242. Slight one-sided enlargement on stems 1 cm. or less in diameter. Cells thin-walled, nested under bark. Adults found in September. Q. fendleri. Colorado, New Meteo)? ce eee iene ee coe 33. Compsodryoxenus tenuis Weld, p. 235. Similar on larger stems of Q. gambelii. Adults found in April. Colorado. 30. Bassettia tenuana Weld, p. 232. Slight spindle-shaped enlargements at base of current year’s shoots, in fall. Cells not twice as long as broad, not nested but scattered. Q. chapmani, stellata. 34., Compsodryoxenus humilis Weld, p. 236. Similar in external appearance but cells elongated, at least twice as long as broad placed lengthwise. Q.chapmani....-.-.... 31. Bassettia floridana Ashmead, p. 233 oi ea let No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 191 8. Cells in thickened bark at crown of tree. Occurring in large numbers forming swollen areas in the bark: On main roots of trees of Q. alba, prinus. 21. Callirhytis futilis (Osten Sacken) (agamic generation), p. 221. On main roots of tree or where bending limbs touch ground. Q. chrysolepis. 17. Callirhytis hartmani Weld, p. 214. At base of sprouts or saplings. Q. macrocarpa. 32. Compsodryorenus illinoisensis Weld, p. 234 Small cells in swollen and distorted bases of sprouts. Q. breviloba, stellata. 13. Xystoteras contorta Weld, p. 209. Thin-walled, nested cells in one-sided gradual swelling on small shoots of Q. FORINT OBO fase dU Se UU, Os SBA BLES STL See No. 33, p. 235. Similar but on Q. gambelii and adults in spring.............- See No. 30, p. 232. Occurring in groups of less than a dozen usually, sometimes single: Ellipsoidal cells protruding abruptly from the bark in rows or groups or single and detachable, aoe confluent, brown. Q. catesbaei, myrtifolia, texana. 23. Callirhytis ovata Weld, p. 222. Cells in thick brown bark, forming a smooth abrupt Jocal swelling of a small area. of one to five square centimeters, number of cells evident from outside. Q, COCONCETUDTOR S22 ER AT a IO TaAG 24. Oollirhytis rubida Weld, p. 224. Similar local swelling, number of cells not so'apparent. Q. coccinea......-.-.---- 25. Callirhytis marginata Weld, p. 225. 4. Detachable galls at crown (either on main stem or at base of sprouts from stumps or on. ‘‘runner oak’’ sprouts). Single or scattered in small numbers: Monothalamous— Hemispherical, rugose to nearly smooth, 10-15 mm, in diameter, leaving a radiating scar when detached, woody when mature. Q. alba, macrocarpa, bicolor, prinus, stellata, chapmani 18. Callirhytis corallosa Weld, p. 216. Fleshy, thin-walled, gray, densely short pubescent, spherical or with pointed apex. Inspring. Q.chapmani, margaretta 12. Biorhiza ocala Weld, p. 207. Small, pointed at apex, shell thin and brittle. Q.fendleri. Colorado. 37. Weld No. 704, p. 242. Spherical, 5 mm. in diameter, wall thin, surface brown and pubescent. On a deciduous oak at Las Vegas, New Mexico....40. Weld No. 708, p. 243. Hemispherical, 2-3 cm. in*diameter, brown when mature, disintegrating in time leaving a rough cell on bark persisting for years. Q. wislizeni, cali- PURIMAE NAOT OEUL oe yo oa ae hate eee hacen aca vec e ore See No. 22, p. 222. Oval, brown, on thick bark at crown. Q. catesbaei, texana, myrtifolia. See No. 28, p. 222. Onion-shaped, longitudinally striate, pointed at apex, reddish-brown to white. Q. rubra, velutina, marilandica, texana.....-.-- See No. 11, p. 206. Polythalamous— Large, rounded, brown, up to 9 cm. in diameter, when mature like rotten wood inside with many thin-walled brittle cells. Q. alba, macrocarpa, BRCLOT p TUDES hao a a aes a ens = 19. Callirhytis maxima Weld, p. 217. Similar to above on Q. stellata........-------- Probably No. 19, p. 217. Smooth, brown, 15 mm. in diameter, spongy interior decays leaving a mass of loosely-connected ribbed woody cells. Q.rubra 36. Weld No. 405, p.242. Hemispherical, dense tawny yellow tissue inside with a few cells at base. Oe CIRUBOIAING 3d. args shee se a0 ors 3 is here aa UTes erate See No. 26, p. 226. 192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. In clusters: When fresh fleshy, pure white, or rosy red at apex, fig-shaped, growing quickly in spring and after insects emerge either rotting or shriveling into a hard but not woody mass. Galls of this sort, producing the sexual generation, seem to be limited to the genera Trigonaspis and Belonocnema. While the flies differ, it is not possible at present to separate the different kinds of galls except as the host oak and locality may be known. Other hosts for these species listed and other species will no doubt be found— On Q. alba, stellata, chapmani....8. Trigonaspis radicola (Ashmead), p. 203. On :Q)\douglagt 22. c0IG.u 20808. 1S 7. Trigonaspis obconica Weld, p. 202. On Q. gambelii, in Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. 9. Trigonaspis fumosa Weld, p. 204. On Q. reticulata in Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona... Probably No. 9, p. 205. On roots of an unknown oak in Utah and Colorado. 10. Trigonaspis pumiliventris (Bassett), p. 205. On Q. virginiana. Fresh galls probably similar to above and drying to a dark, brown: hard (maga. seen ens seid bestow vslcl See No. 35, p. 238. On Q. laceyi, Texas. Dry galls 5 mm. in diameter, smooth. 42. Weld No. 407, p. 242. On Q. laceyi and virginiana, surface pubescent. ..... 43. Weld No. 408, p. 243. Tissue not so spongy, at least part of gall ultimately becoming brittle or woody and persisting: Individual galls less than 6 mm. in diameter— Cluster of 30-100. Cells fig-shaped with a slender stalk, ribbed surface and brittle wall, 6 mm. long by 4 mm. in diameter. Q. rubra, texana, catesbaei, myrtifolia....20. Callirhytis enigma Weld, p. 219. On Q. stellata. Appearance when fresh unknown. Disintegrates and leaves about 20 hard brittle cells...........-.-- Probably No. 19, p. 217. Cluster of scores of elongated angular wedge-shaped cells with rounded ends which decay away. Cluster measures up to 6 cm. in diameter and resembles ear of corn. White when fresh, becoming tan and brit- tle. Q. rubra, texana, catesbaei, marilandica, brevifolia, nigra, myrtifolia. 6. Dryocosmus favus Beutenmueller, p. 200. Onion-shaped, pointed, longitudinally striate, white or rosy when fresh, later tan and brittle. Base of sprouts of Q. rubra, velutina, texana, marilandica, falcata, laurifolia, catesbaei, brevifolia, myrtifolia. 11. Biorhiza caepuliformis (Beutenmueller), p. 206. Individual gall, averaging more than 7 mm. in diameter— Hemispherical cluster up to 8 cm. in diameter, consisting of from 1 to 35 galls, each 2-3 cm. in diameter. White and fleshy, later tan, rough, cavernous within and disintegrating in time, so as to leave a rough cell at base, persisting on bark for years. Monothalamous. Q. wisli- zent, californica, agrifolia. 22. Callirhytts apicalis (Ashmead), p. 222. Hemispherical cluster of a few galls, measuring up to 3 cm. ‘Tissue of gall dense, tawny yellow. Q. chrysolepis. 26. Callirhytis fulva Weld, p. 226. Bullet galls on base of shoots, resembling Disholcaspis globulus (Fitch) in appearance and texture. Inner cell distinct and often free— On Q. alba, galls often reddish. ..3. Disholcaspis globosa Weld, p. 196. OT Ce PE ne money carseat ae nin ae See note under Wo. 3, p. 197. On Q. stellata and margaretta. Galls reddish and becoming wrin- kled on surface when dry. 5. Disholcaspis terrestris Weld, p. 198. i No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 193 OnkQ Nbr ey loUd see moe on 5 4, Disholcaspis brevinota Weld, p. 197. On Q. gambelii. Larger and more irregular than those of globulus. 2. Disholcaspis lacuna Weld, p. 195. Bullet galls of harder texture and no separable inner cell— Blunt, reddish, 7-8 mm. in diameter. Q. gambelii. 1. Disholcaspis acetabula Weld, p. 194, Similar on Q. grisea, towmeyi, reticulata and probably other oaks in the Rocky Mountain region..Probably No. 1. See note, p. 195. TRUE STEM GALLS ERRONEOUSLY DESCRIBED AS ROOT GALLS, POLYTHALAMOUS, Globose, hard, densely granular inside. On Q. reticulata, arizonica, oblongifolia, WOME RARE OILG US I SLOLIAUG . 15. Andricus rhizoxenus (Ashmead), p. 211. Irregularly oblong, grayish, brown, and very hard and granular inside. Large Unknown oak. Mexico. ...........-.- 16. Andricus championt Ashmead, p. 212. CAPTURED SPECIES REPORTED IN LITERATURE AS FROM UNKNOWN GALLS ON ROOTS OF OAK. Biorhiza nigra Fitch. See Ashmead, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 9, Proc., p. 24, and Riley, Science, new ser., vol. 1, p. 462. Later Ashmead placed this species in the genus X ystoteras. Philoniz fulvicollis Fitch. Philoniz nigricollis Fitch. All three species were captured on snow. Itis more than probable that they are not from root galls at all, but from leaf galls, as all the species of Xystoteras and Philonix whose galls are known come from leaf galls, which drop to the ground in late autumn. In several cases the adults are known to emerge in November or December after snow has begun to fly. They are very resistant to cold, are long lived, and oviposit in buds on pleasant days in winter. Genus DISHCLCASPIS Dalla Torre and Kieffer. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DISHOLCASPIS HEREIN MENTIONED, 1. Scutellum not rugose on disk, but lacunose, i. e., with shallow contiguous pits in each of which is a setigerous puncture (best seen in balsam). Rocky Mount- MN ISHECLOS See! seca m leek ose oes tteee' sus heen Lows etiae..2 gees se rey doqeere 2 Scutellum rugose, with setigerous punctures.....-.........---------2-ee- eee 4 2. Scutellum with shallow median groove on disk, head somewhat angular on sides, malar space striate, face with only a narrow dark transverse band across base of antennde> cubitas' distanc?. si. SS se doreaka acetabula Weld, p. 194. Scutellum without median groove, sides of head rounded, malar space not striate, whole face infuscated, cubitus and apex of areolet very pale. ./acuna Weld, p. 195. 3. Areolet reaching one-fourth way to basal and cubitus nearly reaching basal, the gap being less than length of areolet.............-.-.----- globosa Weld, p. 196. Areolet reaching only one-sixth to one-fifth way to basal, gap between basal and proximal end of cubitus greater than length of areolet........-.-..--------. 4 4. Mesoscutum distinctly broader than long (length about three-fourths width). brevinota Weld, p. 197. Mesoscutum length and breadth subequal or else longer than broad............ 5 5. Ocellar area black, pronotum infuscated on sides, mesopleura with an oblique black line across, mesoscutum infuscated between parapsides clear to scutellum, second abdominal tergite with broad dorsal infuscation, but red on sides. globulus (Fitch). 6. Ocellar area not infuscated, no black line across sides of pronotum or across meso- pleura, the infuscation between parapsides stops abruptly two-thirds way back to scutellum, second abdominal tergite with narrow dorsal black stripe and hack on hind Marpin; Rdes Ted. =. 0... aves ve ee seco. terrestris Weld, p. 198. 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59——13 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 59. 1. DISHOLCASPIS ACETABULA, new species. Plate 28, fig. 1. Agamic female.—Reddish brown; eyes, ocelli, flagellum, area about parallel lines, areas about lateral lines, base of scutellum, mesosternum, metathorax and propodeum black, abdomen infuscated dorsally. Head finely rugose, face with setigerous punctures and a transverse dark band through base of antennae, clypeus truncate, malar space striate, four-tenths eye, interocular area one and one-third times as broad as high, transfacial line 1.2—1.4 times facial, mandibles 2-toothed, palpi 5- and 3-segmented, antennae 13-segmented, third and fourth subequal, 5-12 gradually shorter, last twice as long as preceding. Mesoscutum smooth with setigerous punctures, parapsides deep, smooth, reaching half-way, wider behind, median black area extend- ing two-thirds way back to scutellum, black area about each lateral line. Scutellum granular under lens, in balsam seen to be pitted with shallow contiguous depressions in each of which there is a seti- gerous puncture, faintly rugose behind, arcuate base opens out on to disk on which is a shallow median longitudinal groove. Propodeum with almost perfect semicircular ridge reaching two-thirds way to upper margin. Legs stout, coxae infuscated, hind femur spindle- shaped, tibia longer than tarsus, claws with tooth. Wings hyaline, veins black, first abscissa of radius angled above middle with spur, areolet reaching one-third and cubitus two-thirds way to basal, surface brown pubescent, margin ciliate. Abdomen smooth and shining, not compressed, second segment making about one-half in living specimen, well-separated patches of pubescence on sides, seventh sparsely pubescent, ventral spine tapering, in balsam twice as long as broad, ovipositor when dissected out over one and one-fifth times length of antenna. Using width of head as a base the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.5-1.6; antenna, 2.35; ovipositor, 2.85--3.0; wing, 4.5-4.8. Length of 58 pinned specimens ranges from 4.0-5.3 mm. Aver- age, 4.5mm. Type.—Cat. No. 22574, U.S.N.M. Forty cotypes. Host.—Quercus gambelia Nuttall. Gall.—Brownish-red hard bullet galls in clusters at base of small sprouts, hidden by débris. Individual galls are 6-9 mm. in diameter, sessile, somewhat elongated, usually blunt, but sometimes pointed at apex. Surface finely wrinkled in preserved specimens. Interior of dense cellular tissue with a central thick-walled non-separable stony white larval cell. Exit hole in side. Occur in fall. Type locality.—Colorado Springs, Colorado, in the Garden of the Gods. The writer found old empty galls there June 30, 1915, and fresh galls not yet full grown. On November 14, 1918, Mr. J. H. No. 2368. 4AMBRICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 195 Pollock collected these galls on a small oak at Palmer Park, but emergence was almost complete, as only one dead fly was found inside the galls. On August 24, 1919, he collected the galls from which the type flies were obtained and sent in as Hopkins U. S. No. 10781 v'. They were from Garden of the Gods and then contained pupae. Living flies were cut out of the galls on September 12 and October 3 and 7. The normal emergence is probably in October. The Division of Forest Insects has old galls collected at Manitou in January, 1914, by Mr. B. T. Harvey. The host species of this Colo- rado material is not determined. But the writer has collected similar galls on Q. gambelui on the Sandia Mountains, New Mexico, at 2,933 meters (8,800 feet), and in Arizona at Flagstaff and Williams and in the Santa Catalina and Huachuca Mountains. Note.—Similar galls have been seen on Quercus grisea Liebmann in Sandia Mountains, New Mexico, at Prescott, Arizona, and Alpine, Texas; on Q. toumeyi Sargent at Patagonia, Arizona; and on Q. reticulata Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth in Huachuca Moun- tains, Arizona. 2. DISHOLCASPIS LACUNA, new species. Plate 28, fig. 2. Agamic female.—Reddish-brown to black; eyes and median area on face from ocelli down black; thorax with median black area on mesoscutum tapering to a point on scutellum and two lateral black areas enclosing lateral lines; metathorax, propodeum, and dorsal part of abdomen black. Vestiture whitish. Frons coriaceous, a short median groove below median ocellus and then a ridge to an- tennae, face pubescent and with coarser sculpture, interocular area from 1.3—1.5 times as broad as high, malar space a trifle less than half eye and equal to ocellocular space, mandibles 2-toothed, palpi 5- and 3-segmented, antennae reddish, filiform, 13-segmented, fourth and fifth equal, 6-11 gradually decreasing, last twice as long as preceding and incompletely divided below middle by a transverse furrow. Mesoscutum smooth with setigerous punctures, the two black, taper- ing, half-complete parapsides lying in the colored stripes between the median and lateral black areas, parallel and lateral lines smooth and bare. Scutellum in balsam lacunose with a setigerous puncture near front margin of each crescent-shaped depression, arcuate furrow at base smooth and not continuous with steep impressed areas on sides. Propodeum with carinae forming a semicircle almost touching upper margin. Hind leg with femur as broad as coxa, tarsus shorter than tibia, second shorter than fifth, claws with tooth. Wings hyaline with yellowish-brown veins. a brown knot just beyond costal hinge, first abscissa of radius angled, areolet large (its apex and cubitus very pale), surface pale pubescent, margin ciliate. Abdomen smooth 196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. and shining, second segment making two-fifths and with large light-colored pubescent areas at base well-separated dorsally, but reaching hind margin at sides, exposed part of seventh pubescent, ventral spine tapering, twice as long as broad, ovipositor when dis- sected out longer than antenna. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.5; antenna, 2.5; ovipositor, 3.1; wing, 4.3. Length of 20 pinned specimens, 3.7-5.1mm. Average, 4.3 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 22575, U.S.N.M. Ten cotypes. Host.—Quercus gambelu Nuttall. Gall.—Globular bullet galls in clusters at base of strong sprouts similar to those of Disholcapsis terrestris Weld on Quercus stellata Wangenheim. When fresh the galls are yellowish tinged with more or less rosy red, fleshy, 12-20 mm. in diameter, often distorted by mutual pressure. Inside there is a distinct but not loose thin-walled white larval cell. Type locality.—Williams, Arizona. The type galls were collected August 1, 1916, and living adults were cut out of them on September 15, 1916. Similar galls were collected at Flagstaff, July 25, Grand Canyon, July 27, and near Monument Rock in the canyon east of Santa Fe, New Mexico, on July 18. Old galls were seen at Prescott, Arizona, April 14, 1918, and on June 27, 1918, at Soldier Camp in the Santa Catalina Mountains, both old and fresh ones, the latter in all stages of growth, only a few being full grown. 3. DISHOLCASPIS GLOBOSA, new species. Plate 29, fig. 4. Agamic female.—Black; first segment of antenna, ring around eye, vertex, two stripes on mesoscutum outside parapsides, basal third of space between parapsides, disk of scutellum except dark spot in center, legs except infuscated coxae, reddish-brown. Head coriaceous on frons with slight median ridge above antennae, faint radiating ridges about mouth, transfacial line 1.4 times facial, interocular area 1,35 times as broad as high, malar space over one-third eye, mandibles 2-toothed, palpi 5- and 3-segmented, antennae 13-segmented, third and fourth subequal, 5-12 gradually shorter, last over twice as long as preceding and incompletely divided by a transverse suture below middle so that in some positions it would be counted as 14. Mesoscu- tum smooth with setigerous punctures, parapsides deep, smooth, broader behind and reaching two-thirds way to front, anterior and parallel lines bare and polished. Scutellum rugose with setigerous punctures, the rugose arcuate furrow at base with two deeper places at sides. Propodeum with semicircular ridge above petiole reaching two-thirds way to upper margin. Wings hyaline, veins brown, first abscissa of radius angled, areolet large, reaching one-fourth distance to | te ~~ No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON GAK—WELD. 197 basal along prolonged axis of cubitus, cubitus reaching at least two- thirds distance to basal, surface pubescent, margin ciliate, first and second cross-veins slightly clouded.“ Abdomen smooth and shining, longer than high, second segment making three-fourths with well- separated large pubescent patches on sides, ventral spine tapering, in balsam three times as long as broad, ovipositor when dissected out longer than antenna. Using width of head as base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.4-1.5; antenna, 2.5-2.7; ovipositor, 3.4; wing, 4.6-4.8. Length of 28 pinned specimens, 2.3-5.0 mm. Average, 4.0 mm, This species is close to Disholcaspis globulus (Fitch) from which it may be separated by the following contrasts: globosa. globulus. Clypeus distinctly emarginate. Clypeus almost truncate. Head rounded laterally. : Head somewhat angular. Ratio transfacial to facial line less than | Ratio between 1.5 and 1.6. 1.5, Only trace of spot on disk of scutellum. Well developed black spot on disk. Areolet reaching one-sixth to one-fifth Areolet reaching one-fourth way to basal. way. Cubitus reaching two-thirds way to basal. | Cubitus reaching one-half way to basal. Type.—Cat. No. 22576, U.S.N.M. Fourteen cotypes. Host.—Quercus alba Linnaeus. Gall.—Similar to those of Disholcaspis globulus (Fitch) in appear- ance, but less regular in shape and dark red or sometimes yellowish. They occur in clusters at base of 2—3-year-old sprouts from stumps and are almost always hidden by débris. Scattering small ones are sometimes seen exposed a few inches above the surface. They are closely crowded together about the base of sprouts and there may be from two or three to as many as forty in the cluster. Each is 8-12 mm. in diameter, the interior spongy, with a distinct thin inner shell. Type locality —¥ort Sheridan, Ulinois. The writer has also col- lected these galls at Highland Park, Ravinia, Evanston, Glen Ellyn, and New Lenox, Illinois; at Ithaca, New York; and at Tuskahoma, Oklahoma. About Chicago the galls have been found containing pupae on September 12, and with adults October 3. Adults emerge in the late October and early November. At Ithaca pupae were found as early as September 1. The American Museum of Natural History has galls from Bartow, New York, collected by E. B. South- wick. Note.—Similar galls were collected on Quercus prinus Linnaeus at Kast Falls Church, Virginia, August 31, 1919, and contained pupae September 13. 4. DISHOLCASPIS BREVINOTA, new species. Agamic female.—Red; eyes, ocelli, area inclosing parallel lines, areas inclosing lateral lines black, propodeum, base of scutellum and dorsal part of abdomen infuscated. Head finely rugose, malar space 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59. 1 striate, interocular area 1.1—1.3 times as broad as high, malar space less than 0.4 eye, transfacial line 1.5-1.6 times facial, clypeus trun- eate, mandibles 2-toothed, palpi 5- and 3-segmented, antennae 13- segmented, third and fourth subequal, 5-12 gradually shorter, last twice as long as preceding. Pronotum not infuscated on sides. Mesoscutum length to breadth as 21:27, smooth and with setigerous punctures, median black spot around narrow smooth parallel lines bilobed behind and reaching two-thirds way back to scutellum, lateral line areas black, parapsides not reaching over half-way. Scutellum rugose, with arcuate furrow at base in which are deeper places on sides. Propodeum with semicircular ridge above petiole touching upper margin. Mesopleura without oblique dark line across middle. Hind tarsi infuscated but exposed parts of coxae are not. Wings hyaline, veins black, first abscissa of radius angled above middle, areolet reaching one-fifth way to basal, cubitus reaching two- thirds. Abdomen not compressed, second segment infuscated dor- sally and on hind margin, pubescent on sides, ovipositor when dis- sected out one and one-fifth times antenna. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.39; antenna, 2.2; ovi- positor, 2.4; wing, 4.27. Length of two pinned specimens, 3.9 and 4.1 mm. Closely related in coloration to Disholcaspis terrestris Weld, but separated by the much broader thorax. Type.—Cat. No. 22577, U.S.N.M. One cotype. Host.—Quercus breviloba Sargent. Gall.—aA bullet gall at base of sprouts similar to those of Dishol- caspis terrestris Weld on Quercus stellata Wangenheim. Type locality.—Austin, Texas. Collected a few galls October 30, 1917. Cut out three living flies and one pupa November 13. Col- lected galls also at Boerne, Texas, October 27, and one gall opened on that date contained a pupa which transformed before November 10. The normal emergence is probably in the late fall. 5. DISHOLCASPIS TERRESTRIS, new species. Plate 28, fig. 3. Agamie female.—Head, thorax, and legs reddish-brown, but eyes, tip of mandibles, antennae, base of scutellum, metathorax, and pro- podeum black and black areas inclosing lateral lines and a median black area inclosing parallel lines and reaching back to middle of parapsides. Pubescence tawny. Abdomen very dark clear red, sec- ond tergite infuscated dorsally and on hind margin. Head coriaceous with radiating striae on malar space which is about four-tenths of eye and about equal to ocellocular space, interocular area 1.15-1.3 times as broad as high, facial line two-thirds of transfacial, axial four-tenths of transfacial, mandibles 2-toothed, palpi 5- and 3- =i ng ee No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 199 segmented, antennae filiform, 13-segmented, fourth. and fifth sub- equal, 6-12 becoming shorter, last twice Brpceditig with transverse suture below middle on one ae incompletely separating it into two parts. Mesoscutum only a trifle broader than long, smooth with setigerous punctures, parapsides smooth, deep, wider behind, not extending over half-way, anterior and lateral lines polished black and bare. Scutellum broader than long, length 0.58 the width of head, rugose with setigerous punctures, groove at base also rugose, faintly margined behind. Propodeum with the median distance less than the width of petiolar fossa, with a semicircular ridge above petiole almost touching upper margin. Legs stout, hind femur broader than coxa, tarsus shorter than tibia, second shorter than fifth, claws with tooth. Wings subhyaline with distinct brown veins, second cross-vein slightly clouded, first abscissa of radius angled and with spur, areolet reaching about one-fifth and cubitus slightly over half-way to basal, surface pubescent, margin ciliate. Abdomen smooth and shining, not compressed, longer than high, second seg- ment occupying three-fifths, with two large well-separated pubescent patches nearly reaching hind margin on sides, ventral spine in balsam tapering, over three times as long as broad, ovipositor when dissected out nearly one-third longer than antenna, ovarian eggs well devel- oped. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.49; antenna, 2.6; ovipositor, 3.6; wing, 4.5. Length of 89 pinned specimens, 3.8-5.7 mm. Average, 4.8 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 22578, U.S.N.M. Type and 58 paratypes. Host.—Quercus stellata Wangenheim and Quercus margaretta Ashe. Gall.—Globular bullet galls up to 17 mm. in diameter in clusters on runner sprouts or sprouts from stumps at surface of ground hidden by loose débris. When fresh finely mottled with red, but when dry almost uniformly red and finely wrinkled. Inside is a distinct thin- walled central cell in the center of spongy brown tissue. Type locality.—Ironton, Missouri. Type galls collected on Q. stellata, October 5, 1917, when a few of ees developed contained adults and the rest pupae. The flies issued in breeding cage out of -doors at Evanston, Illinois, November 6, November 11, and December 1, 1917, and living adults were also found in cage February 19 and March 11, 1918. Galls were also collected at Poplar Bluff, Missouri, October 8, 1917, and 18 flies were found alive in cage on December 18, the thermometer having registered —14° F. on December 10. Collected galls at Webster Groves, Missouri, September 9, 1915, and cut out living adults November 2. Have collected these galls also at Hoxie, Hot Springs, and Texarkana, Arkansas; and at Palestine and Trinity, Texas; Dothan, Alabama; Marianna, Tallahassee and Madison, Florida—all on Q. stellata. In the United States National Museum are galls from Shovel Mount, Texas, collected by F. G. 200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 59. Schaupp on roots of post oak, with the label “Issued Febr. ’97,”’ but there are no flies with the galls. The same species occurs on runner sprouts of Q. margaretta. A large number of the galls containing pupae were collected at Ocala, Florida, October 30, 1919, and adults began to issue in the breeding cage in early December. Galls at Green Cove Springs, Florida, contained adults on November 23. Flies from galls on margaretta are a little smaller (average of 24 was 4.1 mm.) than those from stellata (average of 65 was 5.1 mm.), Genus DRYOCOSMUS Giraud. 6. DRYCCOSMUS FAVUS Beutenmueller. Plate 29, figs. 5, 6, 7. Dryocosmus favus BEUTENMUELLER, Ent. News, vol. 22, 1911, p. 197.—Fetr, N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 175, 1915, p. 48; Key to Amer. Ins. Galls, N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 60. This species was originally described from Louisiana and Penn- sylvania from galls on Quercus rubra Linnaeus and Q. coccinea Muen- chhausen. The writer has collected galls on Q. rubra in Illinois at River Grove, Willow Springs, Evanston, Winnetka, Ravinia, and Fort Sheridan; and at Tronton, Missouri; Hot Springs, Arkansas; and Plummer Island, Maryland. He has also taken the galls on six other host oaks not previously recorded, as follows: Q. catesbaet Muenchhausen at Jacksonville, Palatka, Madison, Marianna, Ocala, Clearwater, Florida, and Troy, Alabama. Q. marilandica Muenchhausen at Marianna, Florida. Q. nigra Linnaeus at Gainesville, Florida. Q. brevifolia Sargent at Marianna and St. Petersburg, Florida. Q. myrtifolia Willdenow at Daytona, Florida. Q. terana Buckley at Boerne and Kerrville, Texas. The appearance of the fresh galls has never been described. As many as 400 often occur in a cluster, which may measure 6 cm. in diameter (fig. 6) and is found just at or below the surface of the ground and is usually hidden by débris. The cluster sometimes entirely surrounds the host stem when the latter is not more then 1 cm. in diameter. In the fall about one-half of the clusters found are galls that are just starting in early October or nearly full-grown later in the month and containing larvae and they still contain them as late as November 14 and through the winter. These fresh galls are white and fleshy, smooth on the surface, blunt-pointed at the tip (fig. 5). The other half are white and juicy or just beginning to turn brown. These contain adults as early as September 15 about Chicago, and they were still inside the galls on November 14. These galls were put out of doors in breeding cage and three flies issued by December 1, and on December 28 twenty-seven were found, the thermometer No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 901 having registered —14° F. in the interval. On the 19th of the next February over 200 were found alive in the cage, which had been buried up in the snow for six weeks without a thaw. On March 12 there were two more out. In Florida pupae were found in galls on October 11, 21, 23, and November 8, and the earliest record of finding adults in the galls was November 20 and the earliest emergence December 1. The life history suggested from the above data is that the galls start in the autumn and get their full size quickly the first season and that the larvae do not transform until the next autumn when the galls are over a year old. After the larvae transform, the galls soon turn brown, the proximal part about the larval cell becomes hard and brittle, and during the winter the distal fleshy half of the gall becomes converted into soft spongy granular tissue through which the adults can easily chew their way (fig. 7) and it finally decays away entirely leaving the hard wedge-shaped bases containing the cells to persist for years. The adults either emerge in very late autumn or very early spring, and are wonderfully resistant to cold. But if there is an alternating generation it is unknown. Genus TRIGONASPIS Hartig. (Sexual generation.) In the Dalla Torre and Kieffer monograph of 1910 the sexual generation of this genus is represented in the American fauna by only one species, namely, radicis Ashmead. Two more are here described and two are here transferred to Trigonaspis from other genera. The galls of this group are all of the same type. They are all white or rosy, fleshy, fig-shaped, polythalamous, in hemispherical clusters at base of tree or stump. They reach maturity quickly in the spring, and with the escape of the winged flies either decay or shrivel up into an unrecognizable hard but not woody dark mass. They can not at present be distinguished except as host oak and locality may be known. Galls of Belonocnema treatae Mayr are also of this type but are said to occur in clusters on the small roots away from the trunk of the tree. KEY TO SEXUAL GENERATION OF TRIGONASPIS 1. Wings with at least 4 distinct dark spots. A red and black species from Califor- BID. 2. Dust 4s dase EOMAOEL OE SEIS. . Sea SUSE obconica Weld, p. 202. Wings clear or at most faintly clouded, not spotted. Notred and black....... 2 2. Wing with very faint clouds in apical cell. Female with interocular area at least 1.4 times as broad as high. Hypopygium with spindle-shaped ventral BEE SS cary Gp npeepie in Oeste cite 2/4 asin in pe are wa seh ormiel radicola (Ashmead), p. 203. Wing clear. Female with interocular area not over 1.3 times as broad as high even when measured in widest place. Ventral spine scarcely broadened....-.--.-- 3 202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. 3. Antennocular space equal to ocellocular. A smoky brown species from Arizona i Mi dS A te ae ER EI ica Ac ee a fumosa Weld, p. 204. Antennocular space less than ocellocular. Light yellowish brown Behe eRe es a Nl pumiliventris (Bassett), p. 205. =colorado (Gillette). =radicis Ashmead. 7. TRIGONASPIS OBCONICA, new species. Female.—Black with abdomen, legs, clypeus, and scape red, flagellum brownish-red. Head broader than thorax, finely coria- ceous, face slightly pubescent, clypeus truncate and protruding, median ridge below antennae, malar groove present, malar space 0.4 eye, ratio of antennocular space to ocellocular as 8 to 13, eyes bare, mandible 2-toothed, antennae 14-segmented, the third longest, last not quite twice preceding, distal third not thinner. Mesoscutum as long as broad, smooth and shining with a few minute hair-bearing punctures seen in balsam mount along the distinct deep smooth per- current parapsides, no anterior, lateral or median lines. Length of scutellum 0.55 the width of head, rugose with microscopic punctures, margined behind, with two impressed triangular areas on sides, base with transverse arcuate furrow divided by a median longitudinal ridge which runs back one-third the length. Mesopleura smooth and polished except triangular area under wing. Propodeum with two slightly bent ridges inclosing a median area one and a half times as high as broad and smooth in center, spiracular areas somewhat rugose with hair-bearing punctures, spiracles elliptical. Legs with hind tarsi shorter than tibia, third and last segments equal, claws with an obscure tooth at base. Wings large, with distinct brown veins, pubescent and ciliate, notable for a large dark spot in base and three smaller ones in distal end of third cubital cell (R) and a larger fainter one in cell below, clouded around median hinge, cubitus reaching quite to basal, areolet present. Abdomen smooth and polished, longer than high, slightly compressed, second tergite two-thirds the length with slightly pubescent patches on sides, ventral spine in balsam hairy and broadened behind tip, ovipositor when dissected out not quite half length of antenna, ovarian eggs well developed. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.48; antenna, 2.8-2.9; ovipositor, 1.46; wing, 4.6. Male.—Antennae 15-segmented, third longest and strongly ex- cavated and thickened at apex, flagellum gradually tapermg toward end, last segment shortest, length 4.9 times width of head. Abdo- men petioled, compressed, infuscated posteriorly, second segment about half the length. Range in length of 16 pinned males, 2.4-3.5 mm. Average, 3.2 mm. The two females measured 3.5 and 3.8 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 22583, U.S.N.M. Female type, allotype, and 10 male paratypes. 7 se No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON 04K —WBLD 203 Host. — Quercus douglacts: Hooker and Arnott. Gall.—An underground cluster of fleshy white galls at base of stumps similar to galls of 7. radicola (Ashmead), but with longer and more slender pedicels. After flies emerge the galls decay. In May. Type locality—tLos Gatos, California. Paratypes from Paso Robles also. Biology.—Collected at Los Gatos May 14, 1918, when galls contained pupae and exit holes showed where some adults had already emerged. In breeding cages three males issued May 16 and three more on May 17. At Paso Robles on May 6 galls contained larvae and pupae. In cage four adults issued by May 13, six by May 25, and one June 2. 8. TRIGONASPIS RADICOLA (Ashmead). Plate 30, fig. 8. Dryophanta radicola AsHMEAD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, 1896, p. 116, No. 5.— BrIpWELL, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1899, p. 204.—Coox, 29th Rept. Dept. Geol. & Nat. Res. Indiana (1904), 1905, p. 836, fig. 29; Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., (1904), 1905, p. 225.—BruTENMUELLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 30, 1911, p. 354, pl. 15, figs. 9-10.—THomeson, Cat. Amer. Ins. Galls, 1915, p. 5 and p. 38.—Fe.t, Key to Amer. Ins. Galls N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 54, fig. 87, 9-10. Dryophanta radicicola Datta Torre and Kierrer, in Wytsman Gen. Ins. Cyni- pidae, 1902, p. 53, No. 36. Amphibolips radicola Ashmead, Coox, Ohio Nat., vol. 4, 1904, p. 117, figs. 76 a and b. Diplolepis radicola Ashmead, Datta ToRRE and Kierrer, Das Tierreich, Lief. 24, 1910, p. 360. The galls of this species occur in clusters of a dozen or less, bursting out through the bark just below the surface of the ground in places where there is an abundance of humus at the base of tree or stump of Quercus alba Linnaeus. They are of white, soft, succulent tissue, rounded at end, but compressed into wedge shapes on sides, some- times rosy if exposed. They develop rapidly in spring, becoming full grown and maturing the flies in about a month and then decaying. The writer has collected the galls at Miller, Indiana; Winnetka and Fort Sheridan, Illinois. Growing galls can be found in late May and the flies issue June 12-26, eee in the late season of 1912 the first to issue came out on Fane 22, and they continued to come out until July 1. Males issue first. The fact that in 36 cases these galls were found at the base of stumps whose sprouts carried last year’s oak- fig galls leads to the suspicion that this may be the alternating sexual generation of the wingless Biorhiza forticornis (Walsh). In one case there was failure to find them, and in one they were tound where there were no fig galls. The radicola adults issuing in June are good fliers and are thought to fly to developing sprouts where they lay eggs and produce the fig galls in the fall. From these wingless adults (all females) issue in winter (in late December or in February and 904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor, 59. March in breeding cage) to crawl down to base of same sprouts and lay eggs to produce this radicola gall in the spring. This cycle is not proven, and it remains for others to work out the details of the life history. Brodie was the first to suggest a connection between the fig gall and a root gall when in Annals of Report of Clerk Board Forestry, Ontario, 1896 (pp. 114-116), he says forticornis burrows into ground finding rootlets a few inches down in which they oviposit and in which are formed subterranean galls, but he does not describe © them further. Radicola is not on ‘‘rootlets,’’ but at base of tree. In the forest insect collection at the United States National Mu- seum are three males and three females of what seem to be this species reared in March, 1897, at Shovel Mount, Texas, by F. G. Schaupp ‘“‘on roots of post oak.”’ 9. TRIGONASPIS FUMOSA, new species. Female.—Dark brown, front legs and thorax lighter. Head broader than thorax, very finely rugose, pubescent on face, clypeus truncate and reflexed, interocular space measured at top less than 1.1 times as broad as high, malar space .43 eye and with malar groove, antennocular space equal to ocellocular, palpi 5- and 3- segmented, mandibles with two sharp teeth, antennae 14-segmented, third longest, last not one and one-half times preceding, distal third not thinner. Pronotum smooth. Mesoscutum smooth and polished with two percurrent parapsides, no trace of lateral or anterior limes and no median although so transparent that the dark space between two underlying muscles might be mistaken for one. Scutellum finely and evenly rugose except for a small polished area on disk, with a few scattered punctures, six-tenths width of head, transverse arcuate furrow at base with faint median ridge, not margined behind, with two impressed areas on sides. Propodeum with two outwardly bent ridges inclosing an area smooth in center nine-tenths as broad as high, narrowed at top to two-thirds its widest width. Spiracular areas rugose, punctate, spiracles elliptical. Mesopleura smooth and polished except for finely striate area above, sparsely pubescent below. Legs pubescent except for bare areas on coxae, hind tarsi shorter than tibiae with second longer than fifth and claws with tooth Wings clear with distinct brown veins, areolet present, surface pubescent except at base, margin ciliate. Abdomen smooth and polished, second segment with scattered pubescence on sides. Ven- tral spine tapering and in balsam slightly spindle-shaped. Ovi- positor when dissected out not three-tenths length of antenna, ova- rian eggs well developed. Using width of head as base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.46; antenna, 3.6; ovipositor, 1.3; wing, 4.7. Male.—Thorax and legs darker than in female. Antennae with third segment strongly bent, broken but probably 15-segmented. No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 205 Length of six females, 3.4-4.1mm. Average,3.9mm. One male, 3.2 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 22584, U.S. N. M. Six cotypes. Host.—Quercus gambelii Nuttall. Gall.—White, fleshy, fig-shaped, polythalamous, in clusters on root at base of tree like those of 7. radicola (Ashmead). They rot after flies emerge. Type locality—Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. Galls col- lected June 27, 1918, on the Mount Bigelow trail near Soldier Camp at an elevation of 2,350 meters. Many adults had already emerged, and flies and pupae were found inside when galls were cut open. One fly was captured on oak at Mount Bigelow lookout tower.’ Similar galls were seen in same locality on Q. reticulata Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth, and adults were emerging on June 26, but unfortunately none were preserved. 10. TRIGONASPIS PUMILIVENTRIS (Bassett). Dryophanta pumiliventris Bassett, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 17, 1890, p. 69, Male.—Datia Torre, Cat. Hym., vol. 2, 1893, p. 54.—DatiaA Torre and Kierrer, Wytsman Gen. Ins. Cynipidae, 1902, p. 53, No. 34.—BrEuUTENMUEL- LER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1904, p. 26; vol. 30, 1911, p. 354.— THompson, Cat. Amer. Ins. Galls, 1915, pp. 8, 38.—Frtr, Key to Amer. Ins. Galls, N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 62. Diplolepis pumiliventris Bassett, Datta Torre and Krierrer, Das Tierreich, Lief. 24, 1910, p. 361. Belonocnema colorado GuuEtre, Ent. News, vol. 4, 1893, p. 210, Female.— CocKERELL, Ent. Student, vol. 1, 1900, p. 9—Datta Torre and Kierrer, Wytsman Gen. Ins. Hym. Cynipidae, p. 80, No. 1; Das Tierreich, Lief. 24, 1910, p. 725. Belenocnema colorado Gillette, BEUTENMUELLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 26, 1909, p. 279.—THompson, Cat. Amer. Ins. Galls, 1915, p. 36. Trigonaspis radicis ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, 1896, p. 113, No. 1, Male and female.—CockrreEtL, Ent. Student, vol. 1, 1900, p. 10.—Datta Torre and Krerrer, Wytsman Gen. Ins. Hym. Cynipidae, 1902, p. 56, No. 6; Das Tierreich, Lief. 24, 1910, p. 397.—THomrson, Cat. Amer. Ins. Galls, 1915, pp. 5, 42.—F rir, Key to Amer. Ins. Galls, N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 54. D. pumiliventris was described from males only and ‘‘from an unknown source” although there is a specimen in the American Entomological Society collection marked ‘‘cotype” bearing the label ‘‘Ct.’’ The galls are described as ‘‘shrunken and distorted, probably soft and succulent when fresh, polythalamous, probably on oak.” The writer has not seen the types but this description fits almost any preserved root gall of Trigonaspis very well. Bassett thought, however, that they were produced in the axils of leaves. Perhaps a branch had been inclosed in the sending to aid in the determination of the host plant and he thought they had fallen from 2 Since the above was written the writer has seen in the United States Mational Museum collection a gall cluster with three females and one male from Williams, Arizona, bred in June, 1901 (Barber and Schwarz); one gall and a male (with 15-segmented antennae) from Pecos, New Mexico, bred June 22 (M. Grabham); and a female captured at light June 17, Pecos, New Mexico (Cockerell). 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 59. ‘ the axils of this twig. Three flies from Bassett are in the United States National Museum from the Ashmead collection, and Ashmead had placed them in the genus T’rigonaspis in the case. They can not be separated in size, coloration, or sculpture from the males of radicis Ashmead. Using the width of the head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio in pumiliventris is 1.5 and 1.6; in radicis, 1.5; wing ratio in pumiliventris, 5.5 and 5.6; in radicis, 5.27; length of antenna ratio in pumiliventris, 4.77; mn radicis, 5.01; third segment of antenna in pumiliventris measures 0.61, 0.63, 0.67, 0.69 of width of head; in radicis, 0.59, 0.61. T. radicis was described from one male and four female specimens from Utah, June 20, 1885, the gall being on the roots of an unknown oak. The types are in the United States National Museum together with ten others determined by Ashmead as radicis collected by E. A. Schwarz at four different localities in Utah in June, 1893. The writer has twenty males and two females which agree with these. They were taken at Colorado Springs, Colorado, on July 1, 1915, by sweeping on scrub oaks. As the males of these can not be sepa- rated from those of pumiliventris Bassett, radicis becomes a synonym of the older name. B. colorado was described from a single female captured June 18, 1892, at Dolores, Colorado. Through the kindness of Professor Gillette the writer has been able to examine the type and finds that the front tibiae lack the characteristic spur of a Belonocnema and that it is a Trigonaspis and can not be separated from the female of radicis Ashmead. ‘The head is not widened behind the eyes, the malar space has a groove and is 0.39 length of eye (in types of radicis, 0.36-0.40). Claws with tooth. Wing without spots or clouds. Wing ratio, 5.0 (in radicis, 4.82). Mesonotum ratio, 1.6 (in radicis, 1.56). Both have transfacial line about 1.1 times facial. Both have interocular area about 1.1 times as broad as high. Both have antennocular space less than ocellocular. As radicis is a synonym of pumiliventris based on a comparison of the males, and the female colorado agrees with the female of radicis, both radicis Ashmead and colorado Gillette become synonyms of pumiliventris Bassett. Genus BIORHIZA Westwood. 11. BIORHIZA CAEPULIFORMIS (Beutenmueller). Plate 30, fig. 9. Andricus caepuliformis BEUTENMUELLER, Ent. News, vol. 22, 1911, pp. 67-70. _ Biorhiza caepuliformis Beutenmueller, BeurENMUELLER, Canad. Ent., vol. 49, 1917, p. 348.— Ferxr, Key to Amer. Ins. Galls, N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 66. The galls of this species occur singly or in clusters of as many as 30 at the base of vigorous young saplings or sprouts from stumps, usually hidden by débris and often inclosed in a cylindrical case : 4 a sas iin cal be atti el i a ht te es a en No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 207 made by ants about the cluster, as the galls give off an exudate when young of which the ants are fond. ‘They burst out through a crack in the bark and when detached leave a characteristic cup- shaped cavity in the bark. Fresh galls are full grown about Chicago by August 1 and contain pupae by September 12 and the adults by October 3. In breeding cages the flies emerged November 23-26 and in greater numbers by December 2. In Florida pupae were seen October 10, 17, and 23, the earliest adults in the galls November 20 and the earliest emergence was December 1. The alternating generation is unknown. The species was originally described from Quercus velutina Lamarck from Indiana. The writer has taken it on Q. velutina at Poplar Bluff and Ironton, Missouri; Hot Springs and Texarkana, Arkansas; and Falls Church, Virginia. He has also taken it on eight other host oaks as follows: On Q. rubra Linnaeus at Fort Sheridan, Ravinia, Win- netka, Evanston, River Grove, Glenn Ellyn, Willow Springs, and New Lenox, Illinois, and at Tuskahoma, Oklahoma; on Q. mari- landica Muenchhausen at Hot Springs, Arkansas; Palestine, Texas; and Marianna, Florida. OnQ. tezana Buckley at Boerne and Kerrville, Texas. OnQ. falcata Michaux at Dothan, Alabama. On Q. lauri- folia Michaux at Daytona and Gainesville, Florida. On Q. catesbaei Michaux at Marianna, Florida. OnQ. brevifolia Sargent at Marianna, Madison, Jacksonville, Ocala, and Gainesville, Florida. On Q. myrti- folia Willdenow at Carrabelle and Daytona, Florida. About Chicago these galls seem to be much more abundant some seasons than others. From these galls come only agamic females. The antennae were described as 14-segmented. Jn this case the last is one and three- fourths times the preceding and often bears a more or less distinct transverse suture so that it is sometimes 15-segmented. The galls are largest on Q. rubra, and 30 flies from these galls in writer’s col- lection measure 3.9-5.2 mm. Average, 4.6 mm. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.0; antenna, 2.7— 2.9; ovipositor, 4.3-4.7; wing, 2.5-2.6. Ten flies from Q. laurifolia galls measure 3.6-4.2 mm. Average, 3.9 mm. 12. BIORHIZA OCALA, new species. Female.—Head, thorax, and flagellum black; rest of body red- dish-brown. Head broader than high, as broad as thorax, cheeks not wider than eyes, malar space about 0.3 eye and without furrow, palpi 5- and 3-segmented, antennae 14-segmented, third longest, fourth 0.7—0.8 third and equal to 1 plus 2, fifth 0.6 third, last one and one-half times preceding, distal third tapering to tip, mandibles three-toothed. Interocular area as broad as high. Mesoscutum smooth and shining with two complete, narrow, smooth parapsides 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 59. and a few microscopic hairs along grooves. Scutellum rugose with transverse arcuate furrow at base divided by a median ridge which extends back to hind margin, faintly margined behind and over- hanging the metathorax. Propodeum with two outwardly curved ridges inclosing a rugose area broader than high and only half as wide at top as at widest part. Spiracular areas rugose. Mesopleura polished except for sparsely pubescent patches above and below. Metapleura rugose with distinct oblique groove above. Legs incon- spicuously pubescent, hind tarsi much shorter than tibia, second segment shorter than fifth, claws simple. Wings dusky, with dis- tinct brown veins all of which are margined by clouds especially those forming marginal cell which has clear spot in center, areolet distinct, cubitus reaching basal, surface pubescent, margin ciliate. Abdomen smooth and polished, second tergite with scattered pubes- cence on sides, making up over two-thirds length, ventral spine in bal- sam broadened at base and hairy with acuminate apex, ovipositor when dissected out only little over half length of antenna, ovarian eggs well developed. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesono- tum ratio is 1.5-1.8; antenna, 2.8; ovipositor, 1.5; wing, 4.1. Male.—Similar to female in color, malar space one-eighth eye, interocular area three-fourths as broad as high, antennae longer, 15-segmented, third longest and not excavated, rest gradually getting shorter to the last which is shortest, gradually tapering toward end from about fifth, 3.9-4 times width of head. Median longitudinal ridge on scutellum evident only in transverse groove at base. Veins of wing not so heavily clouded as in female. Range in length of seven females, 4.0-4.8 mm.; average, 4.4 mm. Of eight males, 3.7-4.3 mm.; average, 4 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 22582, U.S.N.M. Type female, allotype, 3 male and 3 female paratypes. Host.—Quercus chapman Sargent. Gall.—A thin-walled, fleshy gall growing singly and sessile on the side of roots which are 5-15 mm. in diameter. Galls are globular or with a point at apex, 4-6 mm. in diameter and covered with a very short dense pubescence, grayish if exposed or pale yellow if buried in the sand. In early spring. Type locality —Ocala, Florida. Collected April 17, 1914, when some flies had already emerged and others were cut out of the galls alive. They were not different from several males and females captured on April 17 and 18 at Ocala by sweeping on Q. chapmani, and these captured specimens form part of the type series. No. 2368. 4MERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 209 Genus XYSTOTERAS Ashmead. 13. XYSTOTERAS CONTORTA, new species. Plate 30, figs. 10, 11. Agamic female.—Abdomen and eyes black, rest of body tan, with dorsal part of head and distal part of antennae infuscated. Head broader than thorax, coriaceous, shining, face with setigerous punc- tures, axial line 0.55 of transfacial, interocular area broader than high, malar space about one-third eye and with groove, ocellocular space longer then antennocular, antennae 13-segmented, first two not stouter than rest, second as long asa fourth. 5-13 gradually incrassated and bearing sense organs, last one and one-half times as long as preceding. Mesoscutum smooth and polished without trace of grooves, broader than long, concave on hind margin and united to scutellum without trace of suture except laterally on scapulae. Scutellum faintly coriaceous, with transverse groove at base in which is a median depression, rounded behind. Propodeum without carinae. Legs pale, hind tarsus shorter than tibia, second shorter than fifth, claws with weak tooth. Wings hardly protruding beyond tip of abdomen and here considered abbreviated but with complete and distinct venation, first abscissa of radius angled and a cloud from angle includes free part of subcosta, areolet complete, cubitus reaching basal, surface pubescent and margin ciliate. Abdomen compressed, broader than long, as long as head and thorax together, second segment making about one-third, ventral spine very short, ovipositor when dissected out one and four-tenths times antenna. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.0; antenna, 2.2; ovipositor, 3.1; wing, 2.4. Length of 6 pinned specimens, 1.7—1.8 mm. The only other described species in this genus is black, and the wings hardly reach base of abdomen. If wings are considered normal, it would run in the key to Neuroterus, to which it is not closely related. Type.—Cat. No. 22585, U.S.N.M. Four cotypes. Host.—Quercus breviloba Sargent, Quercus stellata Wangenheim Gall.—Gnarled woody swellings at base of young sprouts which are only a few millimeters in diameter. Covered with normal bark. Polythalamous. Type locality.—Austin, Texas. Collected galls on Q. breviloba October 30, 1917, both old galls and fresh ones with pupaein. Living adults were cut out on December 12. Collected one gall on Q. stellata at Palestine, Texas, October 16, 1917, and cut out one fly December 1. 21177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59——14 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59. Genus ODONTOCYNPS Kieffer. 14. ODONTOCYNIPS NEBULOSA Kieffer. Plate 31, fig. 12. Odontocynips nebulosa KirrrEeR, Bull. Laboro. Zool. Portici, vol. 4, 1910, p. 112, Female.—Datia Torre, in Krancher Ento. Jahrb., 20 Jahrg., 1910, p. 176.— Fett, Key to Amer. Ins. Galls, N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 54.—BEUTEN- MUELLER, Ent. News, vol. 29, 1918, p. 329. This new genus and species was described in 1910 from flies only, captured in Georgia by Klug and in Texas by Boll. The types are in the Museum of Zoology, Berlin. The writer recognized the genus in March, 1917, in specimens from Woodstock, Georgia, bred from a root gall on oak received by Doctor Felt and submitted to William Beutenmueller for examination. The flies agree fairly well with the published description of nebulosa Kieffer. As the only description of the gall is the brief characteriza- tion by Doctor Felt in 1918 in his Key to American Insect Galls (p. 54) as “Irregular, polythalamous root gall, diameter 3.5 cm. on Q. minor,’ a more extended description may be given here. Host.—Quercus stellata Wangenheim. Gall.—On the roots of young shoots that come up under larger trees. These shoots are only 30-90 cm. high and often occur in large numbers so that their tangled roots form a mat, and it is on these horizontal roots where the thicket is dense enough to accumu- late humus that the galls are found. They occur on roots 5-15 mm. in diameter and are sometimes 5-10 cm. underground. Single galls are globular, 10-13 mm. in diameter, but they are usually aggregated into irregular lobed polythalamous masses as large as a man’s fist or 8 cm. in diameter. They are covered with smooth bark, light colored like the normal bark of roots, but brown when dry. They are easily cut when fresh, but very hard and woody when dry. The larval cavities are about 6-8 mm. in diameter and the walls about 2mm. thick. Exit holes 3mm.in diameter. They are often attacked by whitish wingless plant lice attended by a pale yellowish ant. Habitat.—The writer first collected the galls on September 9, 1915, at Webster Groves, Missouri, on Quercus stellata. They contained pupae on October 3, and adults October 26, but a few had a thick nutritive layer instead. The galls were buried in soil in greenhouse to determine date of emergence and still contained living flies January 17, 1916, but by March 20 all were gone. On October 4, 1917, the same locality was again visited and only one gall found where they had been very abundant two years before. Collected galls at Hoxie, Arkansas, October 10, 1917, and cut out living flies November 16. At Hot Springs, Arkansas, galls contained pupae on October 12. From others collected at Palestine, Texas, October 16, flies emerged No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 211 indoors the next spring from February 20 to March 8. Old galls were seen at Marianna, Florida, October 11, 1919. Agamic female.—The antennae of ditakion are described as 16- segmented, but these are really 15-segmented, the last over twice as long as preceding and incompletely divided by a transverse groove a little below the middle so that in certain positions it would be counted as two. Note.—Found a similar old gall on Quercus lyrata Walter and from it cut out a moldy fly belonging to the genus Odontocynips; and it is probably the same species, as these two oaks have many galls in common, but until reared it is better not to publish lyrata as a host of nebulosa. At Cuero, Texas, October 23, and Austin, Texas, October 30, simi- lar galls were found on roots of Quercus virginiana Miller, and a fragment of an adult in an old gall showed it to be due to an Odonto- cynips. Three stages of the galls were observed: 1, old galls with numerous exit holes where flies had emerged the previous spring; 2, fresh galls containing pupae; 3, fresh galls not distinguishable from the above but containing a thick transparent mass of nutrient ma- terial with a barely visible larval cavity. This suggests that the galls take two years to develop. Similar empty galls were seen at Kerrville, Texas, July 21, 1918. Until adults can be reared it is better not to publish virginiana as a host of nebulosa, however. Genus ANDRICUS Hartig. 15. ANDRICUS RHIZOXENUS (Ashmead). Plate 32, fig. 14. Callirhytis rhizorenus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, 1896, p. 132, No. 39.—COCKERELL, Ent. Student, vol. 1, 1900, p. 9—THomrson, Cat Amer. Ins. Galls, 1918, pp. 5, 30.—Fr.tt, Key to Amer. Ins. Galls, N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 54. Callirhytis rhizorena Ashmead, Datta Torre and KierFrer, in Wytsman Gen. Ins. Cynipidae, 1902, p. 67, No. 28; Das Tierreich, Lief. 24, 1910, p. 574. This species was described as Callirhytis rhizorenus from a gall ‘‘on the roots of a live oak at Fort Grant, Arizona.” The type gall in the United States National Museum is ellipsoidal, 36 by 22 by 25 mm., smooth on outside, very dark brown, hard and granular inside instead of woody but contains no normal cells or exit holes. The type flies have the tarsal claws with a tooth and run to Andricus. They agree with adults the writer has reared from a rougher brownish (not carbonaceous black) gall terminal on twigs of Quercus oblongi- folia Torrey at Patagonia, Arizona. They were collected July 6, 1918, and contained pupae, the flies issuing by July 19. The types agree also with flies from a similar gall on Quercus toumeyi Sargent collected at same time and place and from which living adults were cut out August 21. Similar galls occur also on Quercus arizonica 212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. Sargent in this region, but no adults were reared. A smoother gall quite similar to the type of rhizoxenus in shape and size and color occurs on Quercus reticulata Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth (Plate 32, fig. 14) (seen in the Santa Catalina and Huachuca Mountains) but no adults were reared. As these always occur in the lower part of the clump of bushes, within 1 or 2 feet of the ground, terminal on the oak runner sprouts characteristic of this oak, it may well be that it was galls from this oak, occurring under débris perhaps, that were originally collected and described as root galls. The species should be considered as producing a stem gall, not an underground gall, and is treated in this paper merely to clear up the error in the literature. 16. ANDRICUS CHAMPIONI Ashmead. Plate 31, fig. 13. Andricus championt ASHMEAD, Ent. News, vol. 10, 1899, pp. 193-4, gall and fe- male.—Datita Torre and Kierrer, Wytsman Gen. Ins. Cynipidae, 1902, p- 59, No. 7.—Fertr, Key to Amer. Ins. Galls N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 54.—Kinsry, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 42, 1920, p. 305. Cynips ashmeadi Datta Torre and Kierrer, Das Tierreich, Lief. 24, 1910, p- 440. Andricus championi Cameron, CRAwrorD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 48, 1915, p. 580. Gall only. Cynips championi CAMERON, Biol. Cent.-Amer. Hym., vol. 1, 1883, p. 70, gall only.—Datta Torre and Krerrer, Wytsman, Gen. Ins. Cynipidae, 1902, p- 60; Das Tierreich, Lief. 24, p. 446, Fig. 190-1. Cynips championit Cameron, Datia Torre, Cat. Hym., vol. 2, 1893, p. 67. The gall was described as a twig gall by Cameron in 1883 from Chiriqui, Mexico, collected by a Mr. Champion. Later Doctor Duges sent specimens of a large woody gall (the largest now preserved measures 11 by 8 by 7 cm.) to Doctor Ashmead, who curiously enough considered it to be a root gall and as such described it to- gether with the maker under the name of Andricus championi. It is a true Andricus, and the three types are in the United States Na- tional Museum together with the nine galls and eight other flies from the same locality not labeled as types. Thinking that this was a root gall and hence different from Cameron’s, the authors of the Tierreich monograph gave it the new name of ashmeadi. As Craw- ford has pointed out, however, Doctor Duges later wrote to Dr. L. O. Howard that he had never sent any root galls to Ashmead, and the specimens in the National Museum plainly show that they are twig galls, and without doubt they are the same as those described by Cameron. The species should then take the name which Ashmead gave it and be credited to him, as he was the first to rear and describe the maker. In August, 1910, the writer saw these galls (Plate 31, fig. 13) fairly common on the oaks which grow on the higher slopes of the moun- No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 213 tains at the west end of Lake Chapala above San Pedro in the State of Jalisco, Mexico. The fresh galls were only partly grown and al- though solid, were easily cut with a knife. They were grayish in color and the surface quite smooth, usually terminal on branches of large spreading trees. The old galls are harder, darker, and rougher and seem to persist on the tree for years. The largest gall seen was given to the writer by Mr. Dwight R. Furness who collected it near Ocotlan, Jalisco. It measures 16 by 12 cm. and is thus about twice as large as the specimen before Doctor Ashmead, which he called ‘the largest oak gall in the world.” ‘This species is here in- cluded merely because it has been erroneously considered to be a root gall. Genus CALLIRHYTIS Foerster. As here treated this genus is distinguished from Andricus Hartig by the absence of a tooth on the tarsal claw, thus following the in- terpretation of Mayr and the European writers. Ashmead in his key‘ reversed this interpretation, but a specimen of Andricus trilineatus Hartig, the genotype of Andricus, sent by Mayr to the United States National Museum, when dissected and parts mounted in balsam shows a distinct tooth on the tarsal claw, proving Ashmead in error. Whether the genotype of Callirhytis had a tooth on claw or not is not definitely known. As thus understood, this large genus contains a very varied assort- ment of species in which further study will probably segregate cer- tain groups under new names. Even in the few species here treated the first three form a group quite distinct from the others. KEY TO THE ROOT-GALL-FORMING SPECIES. 1. Head and thorax uniformly covered with dense pubescence as in Disholcaspis . 2 Pubescence dense only on local areas on head or thorax, or sparse and not hiding Beal pure. ot barei23 4. eee a Lin tt. Ui ee et. ERT kis 4 2. Antennae 16-17 segmented, first and third subequal, California hartmani Weld, p. 214. Antennae 13-15 segmented, third as long as first and second combined... -.-.-- 3 3. Pubescent area on sides of second abdominal tergite extending almost to hind margin. Antennae 13-segmented with last nearly twice preceding or 14- segmented and last only slightly longer than preceding.corallosa Weld, p. 216. Pubescent area on second abdominal tergite reaching only two-thirds way to hind margin. Antennae 14-segmented with last twice preceding and some- tities incompletely subdivided: 3.1.0.5 0.2.2... ete ee maxima Weld, p. 217. t. Mesoscutum shining, alutaceous or coriaceous but no part rugose, with or with- GUtBeLBerOus PuliebEres yet 8 ke eT 20. a. Se. SRR 5 Mesoscutum more or less rugose at least on some part and if coriaceous dull.... 9 5. Scutellum disk almost flat, the septum between pits as broad as a parapside and lying in the same plane as the mesoscutum which is unusually flat or low- arched. Head seen from above stout, its length fully half its width.....-.... 6 Scutellum disk normally convex, the septum between pits not broad or in same plane as mesoscutum which is normally arched. Head seen from above more lanadte sts lenetoyless than halt tis Wid thi. = o-nmren)acee eno icles cm anrelo > mal 7 3 1903, Psyche, vol 10, pp. 154-5. 214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. 6. Antennae arising below level of the middle of eye, reaching beyond tip of scu- tellum, 15-segmented, length at least twice width of head, last segment of flagellum stoutest. Mesoscutum highly polished and beautifully punctate. Abdomen ovate, ventral spine inconspicuous and not longer than broad. Size, Bae MET eg oi. nh a en es See aoe Seen ees er enigma Weld, p. 219. Antennae arising at level of middle of eye, not reaching base of scutellum, length less than twice width of head, 14-segmented, last segment of flagellum not the stoutest, flagellum tapering toward tip. Abdomen truncate, ventral spine prominent and four times as long as broad. Size, 2.0-3.8 mm. futilis (Osten Sacken) (agamic gen.), p. 221. 7. Mesopleura mostly highly polished. Size, 5.0-7.5 mm. California. apicalis (Ashmead), p. 222. Mesopletra not ‘polished Macuiptured 3202 ho: ne hae oS Sears > sees 8 8. Whole body brownish red, pits deep and shining, mesopleura finely rugose with- out parallel ridges.:08790.4 4 LAS BMMIEE ovata Weld, p. 222. Head and thorax dark red to black, pits rugose, not shining, mesopleura with Glosely: parallel -Tdc68 oi. gl spf cc os on wo Wo ape ca sien ae rubida Weld, p. 224. 0. Head wn Thorne DIACK 20 Ss. Soe wie eines eae marginata Weld, p. 225. fiéad and thorax not black! 1 AMO CAE BRM abo. 4 SPSS See Seana 10 10. Antennae at least two and one-half times width of head, pedicel not as long as third segment. Maxillary palpi 5-segmented. Pits of scutellum longer than broad, opening out on to disk. California..........-.... fulva Weld, p. 226. Antennae not twice width of head, pedicel as long or longer than third. Maxil- lary palpi 4-semmented. * Pits normals. 55-5. usc Jose Jeans opel eae ene 11 11. Basal two-thirds of second abdominal tergite black. Anterior lines black. Base of scutellum including pits black. Veins in distal half of wing distinct. Distal two-thirds of antennae infuscated..............---- ellipsoida Weld, p. 227. Whole of second abdominal tergite red. Anterior lines at most slightly infuscated. Only margins of pits infuscated. Veins in distal half of wing pale. Antennae MOG IMMIBCRLCU Gy Sasee ee oo ace f SLR Og Soe ete Gee tees elliptica Weld, p. 228. 17. CALLIRHYTIS HARTMANI, new species. Plate 32, fig. 15. Female.—Head and thorax yellowish, often more or less infuscated, with eyes, ocelli, antennae, anterior and lateral lines on mesoscutum, base of scutellum, metathorax, tibiae, and tarsi piceous or almost black; abdomen red and black. Head, except frons, and thorax clothed with dense whitish pubescence as in Disholcaspis. Head wider than thorax, granular, finely rugose on frons and a few fine striae on malar space, interocular area 1.4—1.6 times as broad as high, malar space slightly more than half eye, antennocular space less than ocellocular, mandibles 2-toothed, palpi 5-and 3-segmented, antennae 17-segmented, tapering gradually from about tenth to tip, first longest, second half of first, third slightly shorter than first, rest gradually shorter to sixteenth which is hardly longer than wide, last but trifle longer than preceding. Mesocutum in balsam longer than broad, smooth with setigerous punctures, parapsides deep, widened behind, not reaching to anterior lines but showing again at front No. 2368. AMFRICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 915 margin, anterior and lateral lines enclosed in dark field, median groove a mere notch on hind margin. Scutellum broader than long, truncate and becoming rugose behind, slightly margined on sides, the two smooth quadrate, shallow foveae at base obscured by pubes- cence. Propodeum with two stout parallel carinae inclosing a smooth and nearly square area. Legs with hind tarsus shorter than tibia, second and fifth subequal, tarsal claws simple. Wings with distinct brown veins, third abscissa of subcosta straight not reaching margin, first abscissa of radius angled and with spur, areolet com- plete but small reaching only one-tenth way to basal, cubitus almost reaching basal, surface short brown pubescent, ciliate only on hind margin of hind wing. Abdomen smooth and shining, not com- pressed, second segment occupying over seven-tenths with two tri- angular densely pubescent patches on sides at base and basal two- thirds black. Ventral spine tapering, in balsam twice as long as broad. Ovipositor when dissected out shorter than antenna, ovarian eggs well developed. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.4; antenna, 1.75; ovipositor, 1.67; wing, 4.0. Range in length of 36 pinned specimens, 4.4-5.5 mm. Average, 4.8 mm. Only female gall-making Cynipid known with 17-segmented antennae. Type.—Cat. No. 22566, U.S.N.M. 30 cotypes. Host.—Quercus chrysolepis Liebmann. Gall.—Large area of greatly thickened bark causing a large swelling at the base of saplings or rough swollen areas at the crown of large trees, especially on callus tissue. This thickened bark contains hundreds of larval cells about 6 mm. long. Such areas also occur where a limb bends over and the elbow touches the ground. The bark becomes over an inch thick and the wood underneath very rough and knotty. On trees in moist gulches. Type locality—Los Gatos, California. The type galls containing living adults were collected November 2, 1918, by Mr. R. D. Hartman and sent in under Hopkins No. 15922 and placed in rearing at the Eastern Station, East Falls Church, Virginia. The flies emerged April 9, 16, 26, 1919. The writer saw old galls in the San Gabriel Mountains on August 8, 1916, near Coldbrook camp, and at Camp Baldy on June 17, 1918. Empty galls were also seen at St. Helena, California, on May 28, 1918. On May 13, 1918, while collecting with Mr. Hartman at Los Gatos, galls were found in which there was a thick layer of translucent nutri- tive tissue with no larval cell visible. These were perhaps formed by the flies that had emerged earlier in spring. 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. 18. CALLIRHYTIS CORALLOSA, new species. Plate 32, figs. 16, 17. Female.—Reddish brown to black in some individuals, with com- pound eye, anterior and lateral line areas on mesonotum black; head, thorax and legs covered with whitish or tawny pubesence as in Disholcapis. Head finely punctate, not as broad as thorax, mandibles two-toothed, palpi 5- and 3-segmented, antennae 13-segmented with the last not quite twice as long as preceding and in one specimen in balsam showing a faint subdivision into two, facial quadrangle trans- verse. Mesoscutum punctate, parapsidal grooves deep, smooth, per- current; smooth bare parallel lines extend back half way, longer and more distinct than the lines over base of wing, median groove wanting or a mere notch on hind margin. Scutellum broader than long and truncate or faintly excavated behind with two well-separated smooth, oval pits at base; propodeum with two almost straight and parallel ridges inclosing a somewhat rugose area broader than high, no median ridge. Legs stout, hind coxae with a sharp ridge behind, tarsal claws simple, divergent. Wings dusky with distinct brown veins, second cross-vein angled, areolet reaching one-fifth and cubitus two- thirds way to basal, surface pubescent, margin ciliate. Abdomen smooth and shining, not compressed, the large pubescent areas on sides of second segment widely separated dorsally and nearly reaching the hind margin, exposed parts of the other segments microscopically punctate and the seventh pubescent. Ventral spine tapering and in balsam about five times as long as broad. Ovipositor when dis- sected out a little longer than antenna. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.4—-1.6; antenna, 2.1-2.3; ovipositor, 2.0-2.6; wing, 3.5—4.0. Range in length of 14 specimens, 4.6-6.3 mm. Average 5.4 mm. Runs in Dalla Torre and Kieffer’s key (1910) to Callirhytis crypta Ashmead, from which it is separated by its large size, distinct parap- sides, lack of median groove, and presence of a distinct areolet. Type.—Cat. No. 22567, U.S.N.M. Type and 4 paratypes. Host.—Quercus macrocarpa Michaux, Quercus alba Linnaeus, Quercus bicolor Willdenow, Quercus stellata Wangenheim, Quercus prinus Linnaeus, and Quercus chapmani Sargent. Gall.—At base of thrifty sprouts about stumps or on bark of small trees just below surface of ground, 12-15 mm. in diameter and 6-10 mm. high, brown, convex, button-shaped, irregularly ridged exte- riorly, some being much more rugose than others, with a clasping or sessile base and when broken off showing an impressed scar with radiating ridges which become more conspicuous in decaying galls Galls on stellata, chapmani, and prinus are much smoother externally than those on the other three hosts mentioned and those figured No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 917 (plate 32, fig. 16) are from chapmani. The outer spongy layer dis- integrates with age leaving a hard woody cell 7 by 5 mm., with a wall one-half millimeter thick. Type locality —F ort Sheridan, Illinois. Galls collected October 3, 1914, on macrocarpa and alba, about half containing living adults and half full-grown larvae. Others were found there on October 30, on bicolor, and from another collected October 29, 1916, the adult emerged in breeding cage on April 28, 1917. These galls have been taken also at Winnetka, New Lenox, and Glen Ellyn, Ulinois, on the above hosts. Smoother button-shaped galls with the same radiate scar when detached were found on the roots of chapmani at Ocala, Florida, April 17, 1914, some empty and others containing full-grown larvae, and again October 30, 1919, when half contained pupae and half adults. More were seen at Clearwater and at Daytona and Daytona Beach, Florida. Some of these, when opened December 3, gave five larvae and two pupae which transformed December 12. These smooth galls were also taken on roots of stellata at Mineola, Texas, September 2,1915. They were empty. More were taken in fall of 1917 at Pop- lar Bluff, Missouri, Texarkana, Arkansas, and two at Palestine, Texas, from one of which a living fly was cut November 20, 1917. Similar smooth galls were found on roots of prinus at East Falls Church, Virginia, September 1, 1919, and one then cut open contained a pupa, and three living flies were cut out on December 9. The normal emergence seems to be in spring, in April, and to be distributed over two years. 19. CALLIRHYTIS MAXIMA, new species. Plate 33, fig. 18. Female.—Very dark reddish-brown to black, with head, thorax, and legs white-pubescent. Head finely granulate, eyes bare, man- dibles two-toothed, palpi 5- and 3-segmented, antennae 14-segmented, the last one and a half times as long as the preceding and in some specimens incompletely or rarely completely divided into two parts. Mesoscutum finely punctate, parapsidal grooves narrow, deep, smooth, and percurrent; smooth black parallel lines extend back about as far as lines over the base of wings extend forward; a notch on hind margin is the only trace of a median groove. Scutellum rugoso- punctate, with arcuate furrow at base separated by a more or less distinct low median ridge into two smooth pits which open behind on to disk. Propodeum with two straight almost parallel ridges inclosing a slightly rugose area broader than high. Wings large, transparent, veins brown, areolet distinct, pubescent, ciliate on margin. Legs stout, punctate, tarsal claws simple, divergent. Abdomen not compressed, smooth and shining except for large punc- 218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. tate pubescent patch on either side of base of second segment, a very few hairs on exposed part of seventh. Ventral spine in balsam three times as long as broad, ovipositor when dissected out equal to length of antenna, ovarian eggs well developed. Using width of head as base, the length of wing ratio is 3.6-3.8; mesonotum, 1.5; antenna, 2.0-2.2; ovipositor, 2.1—2.2. Range in length of 40 pinned specimens is 4.2-4.8 mm. Average, 4.5 mm. Runs in Dalla Torre and Kieffer’s key (1910) to Callirhytis radicis Bassett, from which it may be distinguished by the larger size, longer pubescence on wing, and presence of white pubescence on body. Type.—Cat. No. 22568, U.S.N.M. 20 cotypes. Host.—Quercus alba Linnaeus, Quercus macrocarpa Michaux, Quercus bicolor Willdenow, Quercus prinus Linnaeus. Gall.—A large rounded mass, 90 by 50 by 50 mm. or smaller, grow- ing out from side of one of main roots at base of tree or stump just below surface of the ground. Surface uneven but smooth, brown. When mature the interior is soft and easily cut or crumbled with the fingers, and might be taken for a piece of well-rotted wood until he numerous hard shell-like thin-walled brown cells are noticed mbedded in the whitish matrix. When the moisture is dried out the galls are as light as cork. Type locality.—Fort Sheridan, Llinois. Biology.—On October 4, 1914, galls were found on Q. macrocarpa with adults ready to emerge; others with the substance of the gall firmer contained full-grown larvae, others less than half an inch in diameter were fleshy with larval cavities barely visible, suggesting that the gall takes three years to mature, or else two, and the larvae in some do not transform the second fall but hold over until the third. At Winnetka, Illinois, October 30, some galls contained adults and others were very small. On November 1, immature galls were found at New Lenox, Illinois. On April 24, 1915, a small gall was found on Quercus alba from which adults were issuing. They were smaller, averaging 3.4 mm., but otherwise similar. Found gall at Highland Park, Illinois, on May 12, 1917, looking as if the adults had but recently issued; another at Fort Sheridan May 25 showed exit holes where all the adults had escaped. Collected a fine gall on Quercus alba May 6, 1914, on Plummer Island, Maryland. Adults evidently transform in autumn and emerge the next spring in late April or early May. A single fly of what seemed to be this species was noted in the stomach contents of blue-headed vireo (Lanivireo solitarius (Wilson) at Washington, District of Columbia, on April 15. A single old gall of this species was found on roots of Quercus prinus in September, 1919, at East Falls Church, Virginia, and another at Plummer Island, Maryland. No. 2368. 4MBRICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 219 2 20. CALLIRHYTIS ENIGMA, new species. Plate 33, figs. 19, 20. Female.—Almost bare and almost black, the legs and antennae reddish-brown. Head broader than high, as broad as thorax, cheeks a trifle longer than half the eye, finely pebbled above and punctate pubescent on face which has a broad median elevation from base of antennae to the impressed clypeus, mandibles 2-toothed, palpi 5-and 3-segmented, antennae 15-segmented, arising below middle of eyes, first longest and stoutest, third one and one-half times fourth, the rest becoming gradually shorter and stouter, the last at least one and one-half times as long as preceding (which is as broad as long) and as stout. Mesoscutum not high-arched, polished, beautifully coriaceous with scattered punctures bearing scarcely visible hairs. Parapsidal grooves distinct, percurrent, broader behind, deep with transverse ridges in bottom, median groove extending forward nearly half-way, anterior and lateral lines very faint impressions. Scutellum rugose behind with a median smoothish area on disk, the rugose pits are distinctly bordered behind and separated by a septum as broad as a parapside in which there is often a trace of a -median groove; with impressed hairy areas at sides. Propodeum with two outwardly bent ridges inclosing a smooth area slightly narrower above, in which are two faint longitudinal lines, spiracular areas hairy, spiracles nearly round, petiole very rugose. Mesopleura longitudinally striate below. Legs punctate pubescent, hind coxae with bare ridge behind, tarsal claws simple, divergent. Wings with pale yellow distinct veins, second cross-vein heaviest and not angled, areolet present, surface pubescent, margin distinctly ciliate only on hind margin of hind wing. Abdomen slightly compressed, longer than high, smooth and shining, posterior edge of second and exposed parts of others microscopically punctate, second with widely separated, small, narrow pubescent patches at base. Ventral spine mostly concealed, not twice as long as wide. Ovipositor when dissected out one and one-third times as long as antenna. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.2; antenna, 2.4-2.5; ovipositor, 3.3; wings, 3.65.4 Range in length of 76 pinned specimens, 3.0-4.1 mm. Average, 3.7mm. Mode, 3.9 mm. This species is closely related to saltatus which Ashmead in 1881 made the type of the new genus TJ’risolenia separated from Andricus, which he understood to have simple claws by the sharply defined 4 These ratios are from the type material from Q. rubra from Winnetka, Illinois. Paratype flies from Florida from Q. catesbaci and Q. myrtifolia agree with these in sculpture but have length of antenna ratio 2.0; ovipositor, 2.6; and wing, 3.1. 220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. parapsides, complete median groove, 15-segmented moniliform an- tennae, and bare wings. Both species have a characteristic ‘ planed- off”? appearance of the mesonotum, with the scutellum in the same plane as the mesoscutum. The same is true of the root-gall (or radicicola Dalla Torre) form (agamic generation) of Callirhytis futilis (Osten Sacken). At present Trisolenia has been reduced to synonomy under Andricus (it should have been made a synonym of Callirhytis instead), and if this group of species is ever segregated into a separate genus it would take the name of T’risoleniella Rohwer and Fagan 1917 (Trisolenia having been preoccupied by Ehrenberg in Protozoa in 1861). Type.—Cat. No. 22573, U.S.N.M. Type and 42 paratype flies. Host.— Quercus rubra Linnaeus, Quercus catesbaei Michaux, Quercus myrtifolia Willdenow, Quercus texana Buckley. Gall.—In clusters of as many as 150 at the base of young sprouts 4-10 cm. underground. Clusters are roughly spherical and may measure 2.5 cm. in diameter. The appearance of the fresh galls is unknown. The type flies are from a disintegrated cluster, and a fleshy layer had evidently rotted away, leaving a hard and brittle shell 4 by 6 mm., longitudinally ridged, with a wall about one-half a millimeter thick. (Plate 33, fig. 20.) The fleshy layer is evidently thin, for in the sandy soils of Florida it seems to dry down on the inner shell instead of decaying as in the more humid northern soils, and the ridges show through. The species was known to the writer years before an intact cluster was found, and it was not until flies were reared from these Florida galls, in 1919, agreeing with the types that the character and appearance of the cluster was known. The galls figured are from Q. catesbaei. (Plate 33, fig. 19.) Habitat.—The type flies are from Winnetka, Illinois, where a dis- integrated cluster containing adults was found October 22, 1914, at the base of a young sapling of Q. rubra. Empty galls of this species were also seen at Ravinia and Highland Park, Illinois. Intact clusters of galls were collected at Madison, Florida, October 21, 1919, on Q. catesbaei. They then contained pupae, and adults were cut out De- cember 4, agreeing with the Winnetka specimens. Others were seen at Gainesville, Ocala, Marianna, and Jacksonville. The same species was found on Q. myrtifolia at Carrabelle, Florida, October 19, and at Daytona November 20, and both pupae and adults were found when cut open on December 3. Empty galls were seen on Quercus texana at Boerne, Texas. The United States National Museum has a single similar fly from Jacksonville and a gall cluster from Georgiana, Florida, both without date or host records; also an empty gall cluster from Ocean Springs, Louisiana, collected February 3, 1898, on “Q. phellos ?.”’ No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 2231 21. CALLIRHYTIS FUTILIS (Osten Sacken.) (Agamic generation=radicis Bassett=radicicola Dalla Torre.) Plate 33, fig. 21. Callirhytis radicis Bassett. Psyche, vol. 5, 1889, p. 237.—DatLa Torre and Krerrer, Wytsman Gen. Ins. Hym. Cynipidae, 1902, p. 66, No. 26.—Das Tier- reich, Lief. 24, 1910, p. 571.—BrvuTENMUELLER, in Smith Ins., N. J., 1910, p. 601—Txompson, Cat. Amer. Ins. Galls, 1915, pp. 5, 30.—Fertt, Key to Amer. Ins. Galls, N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 54. Andricus radicicola DatLa TorRE, Cat. Hymen., vol. 2, 1893, p. 95. Callirhytis radicicola Dalla Torre, Mayr, Verh. Zool-.Bot. Ges: Wien, vol. 52, 1902, p. 289. Andricus (Callirhytis) radicis Bassett, VirrEcK, Hym. of Conn., 1916, p. 426. On May 12, 1917, a dozen or more Cynipids of the same species were seen ovipositing in the unopened buds of Quercus alba Linnaeus at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. Investigation showed that there were hun- dreds of cells (radicis form of (. futilis) in the bark of the main roots (Plate 33, fig. 21) at the base of the tree from which these flies were coming and they were seen crawling up the trunk, and from these cells similar flies were cut. On May 6, 1914, at Plummer Island, Maryland, oak-wart galls were seen on the leaves of alba, and a large number of cells were found in the bark of the main roots and from them two living adults were cut. At Starved Rock, near Utica, Illinois, May 31, 1913, the wart galls were very common on one tree of alba, and the old radicis cells in the bark of the root were found, exit holes showing where adults had emerged earlier in spring to produce the current crop of leaf galls. In this thickened bark, however, there were nests of cells with a thick nutritive layer. These were probably formed in the fall of 1912 by flies from the 1912 wart galls and would not give adults until the spring of 1914. Old cells of what is probably this species were observed in the thick bark at the crown of a large tree of Quercus prinus Linnaeus, at East Falls Church, Virginia, on September 1, 1919. Measurements of 75 pinned specimens, of which 53 were Bassett “‘cotypes,”’ gives the range in size as 1.9-3.4mm. Average, 2.7 mm. Using the width of the head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.2; length of antenna, 1.6—-1.8; ovipositor, 2.5—-2.8; wing, 3.43.6. Wing not ciliate on margin. The antennae were described as 14-segmented. In some of the cotypes they are 13-segmented, the last over twice preceding, but often with a transverse suture, which may completely divide it into two separate segments. 222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 59. 22. CALLIRHYTIS APICALIS (Ashmead). Plate 34, fig. 22. Andricus apicalis AsuMEaD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, 1896, p. 120, No. 12.— COCKERELL, Ent. Student, vol. 1, 1900, p. 9—Datia Torre and Kierrer, Wytsman, Gen. Ins. Hym. Cynipidae, 1902, p. 61, No. 6—T#ompson, Cat. Amer. Ins. Galls, 1915, p. 5, 81. Callirhytis apicalis Ashmead, Mayr, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 52, 1902, p. 289.—Datta Torre and Krerrer, Das Tierreich, Lief. 24, 1910, p. 573.— Futiaway, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 4, 1911, pp. 354.—F rir, Key to Amer. Ins. Galls N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 54. This species was described from material from Quercus wislizent A. de Candolle. The writer has taken galls on that oak in the San Gabriel Mountains, at Los Gatos, and Bagby, California. He has also found them on Quercus californica Cooper in Sequoia National Park, at Los Gatos and Dunsmuir, California, and on Quercus agri- folia Née at Carpinteria, Santa Margarita, Paraiso Springs, Los Gatos, and St. Helena, California. The fresh galls are greenish-white, tinged with red if exposed to light, fleshy, single, or in groups of a few or in clusters that may be as much as 8 cm. in diameter and contain as many as 35 galls. The fresh galls are found in May in all stages of growth. By June 1 they are full grown. They then turn brown and the juicy interior becomes converted into brittle, cavernous tissue, with a series of thin plates radiating out from the hard basal cell. In galls taken to Evanston, Illinois, pupae were found by September 1 and also on October 10, November 17 (transformed December 6), and December 23. Living adults were cut out of this lot of galls on December 23, March 20, and April 18. Some larvae do not pupate until the second autumn, however. The normal emer- gence is probably in early spring, one of the type series having been reared February 17. After the insects escape, the peripheral tissues weather away in time, leaving the rough hard larval cells attached to the bark to persist for years. Measurements of 33 pinned specimens, including the types, give the range in size as 5.3-7.5 mm. Average, 6.1mm. Using the width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.38; length of an- tenna, 2.28; ovipositor, 4.26; wing, 3.6. Wing not ciliate on margin. Propodeum with a median longitudinal ridge. 23. CALLIRHYTIS OVATA, new species. Plate 34, fig. 23. Female.—Brownish-red, antennae infuscated distally and abdomen dorsally, eyes black. Head broader than thorax, finely granulate with whitish hairs on face, clypeus almost smooth, interocular area 1.1-1.2 times as broad as high, malar space 0.3-0.4 eye, mandible 2- toothed, palpi 5- and 3-segmented, antenna 13- or 14-segmented, third longer than first, fourth three-fourths of third, fifth equal to second, No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 223 rest gradually shorter to twelfth which is as broad as long, thirteenth more than twice as long as preceding and partially or wholly subdi- vided by a transverse groove a little back of middle. Pronotum rugose. Mesoscutum shining, coriaceous with setigerous punctures anteriorly but not rugose, parapsides complete but less distinct in front, median nearly complete, anterior and lateral lines faintly impressed. Scutellum rugoso-punctate, pits at base narrow, deep, shining, smooth or with faint longitudinal ridges, triangular impressed areas on sides. Propodeum with two ridges slightly bent inwardly and inclosing a reticulate area broader at the top, spiracular areas and petiole rugose. Mesopleura finely rugose. Hind tarsi shorter than tibiae, second shorter than fifth, claws weak, simple, divergent. Wings subhyaline, veins brown, first abscissa of radius faintly angled and slightly clouded, areolet not reaching over one-fifth way to basal, cubitus not reaching basal, surface pubescent, ciliate only on hind margin of hind wing. Abdomen smooth and shining, longer than high, slightly compressed, second segment occupying about two- thirds and with only inconspicuous patches of hair on sides, its bind margin and exposed parts of rest microscopically punctate, ventral spine short, hardly longer than broad, ovipositor when dissected out nearly one and two-thirds times as long as antenna. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.2-1.3; antenna, 1.5-1.7; ovipositor, 1.9-2.0; wing, 3.0-3.1. Range in length of 77 pinned specimens, 2.8-4.8 mm. Average, 3.9mm. Mode, 4.0mm. Type.—Cat. No. 22569, U.'S.N.M. Type and 42 paratypes. Host.—Quercus catesbaei Michaux, Quercus muro Willdenow, Quercus texrana Buckley. Gall.—Cells in and protruding from the brown bark at crown of small trees, 5 to 10 cm. underground. When single, they are elliptical in outline, sessile, 6 mm. high by 5 mm. in diameter, light brown in color and smoother than the surrounding bark. Exit hole 2.6 mm. in diameter at distal end. They are sometimes detach- able. They often occur in rows or in groups of adozen ormore. When confluent, a local swelling of the bark is produced, but the number of cells contained is evident. The figure shows galls on Q. myrtifolia. On Q. catesbaei they usually occur on larger roots at least 2 to 5 cm, in diameter and often in the angles where branch roots arise. Habitat.—The type galls were collected at Marianna, Florida, Octo- ber 11, 1919, on Q. catesbaei and then contained pupae. Living flies were cut out of the galls on December 3. More were taken at Ocala October 30, and these also contained pupae. Galls found at Ocala April 15, 1914, were empty. These galls were also found at Madison and Jacksonville. The species transforms inside the galls in Novem- ber and probably emerges in early spring. The fact that some galls 224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. still contained larvae in December when others in the same groups contained adults suggests that the emergence is distributed over two years. Similar galls were collected on Q. myrtifolia at Daytona, Florida, on November 20, 1919. Some pupae had already trans- formed into adults and a few were still in pupa state when flies were cut out on November 28 and December 3. At Boerne, Texas, October 26, 1917, old galls were seen on Q. texana as well as full-grown fresh ones, some of which contained a thick nutritive layer and others pupae or adults. 24. CALLIRHYTIS RUBIDA, new species. Plate 36, fig. 31. Female.—Head and thorax deep red to black, legs and antennae brownish-red, abdomen infuscated, red at base. Head broad as thorax, rugose, whitish hairs on face, clypeus almost smooth, inter- ocular area 1—1.2 times as broad as high, malar space 0.3-0.4 eye with a few parallel ridges, mandibles 2-toothed, palpi 5- and 3- segmented, antenna 14-segmented, third a trifle shorter than first, second and fifth equal, 4-13 gradually shorter, last a little longer than preceding. Some specimens have 12 segments, the last with one or even two incom- plete transverse grooves. Pronotum rugose. Mesoscutum distinctly coriaceous with setigerous punctures scattered along grooves, parap- sides complete, rugose, slightly wider behind, median complete, par- allel and lateral lines not polished, but sunken. Scutellum coarsely rugose with coriaceous spot on disk sometimes, arcuate furrow at base rugose, and separated from impressed areas on sides, divided into two pits. Propodeum with two straight parallel ridges inclosing a reticulate area in which there is sometimes a trace of a median ridge. Mesopleura finely rugose with parallel longitudinal ridges across mid- dle. Hind tarsus shorter than tibia, second shorter than fifth, claws simple. Wings hyaline, veins brown, first abscissa of radius slightly clouded and faintly angled in middle, areolet complete, reaching about one-fifth distance to basal, cubitus not reaching basal, surface pubes- cent, ciliate only on hind margin of hind wing. Abdomen smooth and shining, longer than high, laterally compressed, second segment occu- pying about two-thirds and with only inconspicuous patches of hair on sides, its hind margin and exposed parts of rest microscopically punctate, ventral spine short, in balsam about twice as long as broad, ovipositor when dissected out nearly one and two-thirds times length of antenna. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.3—1.4; antenna, 1.9; ovipositor, 2.9-3.0; wing, 3.6. Length of 9 pinned specimens, 3.4-3.8 mm. Average, 3.6 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 22570, U.S.N.M. Type and 8 paratypes. Host.—Quercus coccinea Muenchhausen. Quercus rubra Linnaeus. Gall.—Cells in the thick brown bark at or just below surface of ground on stumps or trees. Abrupt local swellings are formed No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 225 which may even surround small saplings, the number of contained cells somewhat evident externally. (Plate 36, fig. 31.) Type locality.—Ravinia, Illinois. Galls collected October 22, 1916, and when cut open about half contained full-grown larvae and half living adults. Host oak not recorded. On May 19 a similar gall was found at Millers, Indiana, in the thick bark of a stump of Q. coccinea, and a living fly was cut out, which agrees with the Ravinia specimen in structure, but measures only 2.5 mm. Galls found on Q. rubra at Plummer Island, Maryland, and cut open September 21, 1919, gave five adults, two pupae, and several full-grown larvae. 25. CALLIRHYTIS MARGINATA, new species. Female.—Head and thorax black, legs and antennae brown, abdo- men almost black. Head evenly rugose, face with whitish hairs, clypeus impressed, rough, as long as broad, interocular area 1.1 to 1.2 times as broad as high, malar space without groove and 0.38—0.47 eye, antennae 14-seomented, distal half infuscated, first shorter than third, third and fourth subequal, 6-13 gradually shorter, last about twice preceding and incompletely divided above middle by trans- verse groove. Pronotum rugose with parallel ridges on sides. Meso- scutum finely pebbled, becoming slightly rugose in front, grooves with upturned margins posteriorly, parapsides wider behind, rugose and percurrent, median complete, wider behind, lateral lines smooth, anterior not smooth and somewhat indistinct and sunken. Scutel- lum coarsely rugose with two narrow, deep, rugose pits at base sepa- rated by a septum, impressed areas at sides. Propodeum with two outwardly-curved ridges inclosing a rugose area wider than high, in which in some specimens there is a trace of a median ridge. Meso- pleura finely rugose with no parallel ridges. Legs with coxae intus- cated, hind tarsus shorter than tibia, second shorter than fif th, claws simple, divaricate. Wings hyaline, veins brown, first abscissa of radius angled, cubitus reaching basal, areolet complete, reaching about one-fifth way to basal, surface short pubescent, ciliate only on hind margin of hind wing. Abdomen smooth and polished, longer than high, somewhat compressed, second segment occupying over four-fifths and with inconspicuous patches of hair on sides, its hind margin and exposed parts of rest microscopically punctate, ventral spine in balsam about twice as long as broad, ovipositor when dis- sected out about same length as antenna. Using width of head as base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.38; antenna, 2.0; Ovipositor, 2.0; wing, 3.7. | Length of six pinned specimens, 3.6-4.1 mm. Average, 3.9 mm.’ Type.—Cat. No. 22571, U.S. N.M. Two cotypes. Host.—Quereus coccinea Muenchhausen. 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59——15. 226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59. Gall.—Abrupt cushion-like swelling in the bark just at or below the surface of the ground on young sprouts which are 5-10 mm. in diameter. Single or confluent so that they may contain one to a half a dozen cells which are 4—5 mm. in diameter. They are similar to those of Callirhytis rubida Weld. Type locality.—¥ort Sheridan, Illinois. One cluster of these galls was found April 25, 1915, and one fly emerged in collecting box and two were cut out of galls. Three more of same species were found ovipositing in the side of the swelling buds in the same clump of sprouts at whose base the galls were found. 26. CALLIRHYTIS FULVA, new species. Plate 34, fig. 24. Female.—Dark red and black. Head finely rugose, broadened behind eyes, cheeks a trifle longer than half the length of eye. Man- dibles two-toothed, palpi 5- and 3-segmented, antennae 13-segmented, third longest, last over twice as long as preceding and incompletely divided by a transverse groove into two whose lengths are in the ratio of 9 to 14, or 14-segmented, with no suggestion of fusion of last two. Mesoscutum rugose in front but not transversely so, with a few inconspicuous hairs from scattered punctures. Parapsidal grooves rugose, deep and broad behind, complete but less distinct in front, median line percurrent, smooth parallel lines and lines over base of wings black. Scutellum coarsely rugose, the two pits dis- tinctly bordered laterally but opening posteriorly out on to disk and separated only by a low median ridge, with impressed pubescent areas at sides above base of hind wings. Propodeum with two straight parallel ridges inclosing a smooth but pubescent area slightly higher than wide. Mesopleura finely longitudinally striate. Legs lighter in color, tarsal claws weak, simple, divergent. Wings with yellowish veins, the second cross-vein brownish, bent at ‘an angle and usually with a short spur, areolet incomplete or absent, surface pubescent, margin not ciliate. Abdomen black, smooth, and shining, slightly compressed, longer than deep, second segment with two lat- eral oval pubescent patches at base nearly touching dorsally, hind margin of all microscopically punctate. Ventral spine in balsam a little more than twice as long as broad. Ovipositor when dissected out shorter than length of antenna, ovarian eggs well developed. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.3; antenna, 2.5; wing, 3.7-3.8; ovipositor, 1.7. Range in length of 50 pinned specimens, 3.0-4.0 mm. Average and median, 3.6 mm. Related to Callirhytis radicis Bassett, to which the individuals with 14-segmented antennae run in Dalla Torre and Kieffer’s key (1910). The pits of radicis do not open out behind on to scutellum, No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 227 the median area on propodeum is broader than high, and the malar space is not over half the length of eye. Type.—Cat. No. 22572, U.S. N.M. Twenty-four cotypes. Host.— Quercus chrysolepis Liebmann. Gall.—Hemispherical when single or forming a hemispherical group with individual galls compressed laterally into angular cross-section by mutual pressure, produced on roots just under surface of ground. Single galls measure up to 22 mm. in diameter by 18 mm. high, groups of two to eight measure up to 35 mm. diameter. Tissue of gall mustard yellow, pithy distally, becoming more compact about the proximally placed larval cell. Type locality.—San Gabriel Mountains, California. Brology.—Collected one-half mile above Coldbrook Camp in San Gabriel River canyon above Azusa, California, August 6, 1916. The larvae change into pupae about November 1, and into adults later in the autumn, but probably do not emerge until next spring. In breed- ing cage out of doors at Evanston, Illinois, they issued March 10-19. 27. CALLIRHYTIS ELLIPSOIDA, new species. Plate 36, fig. 30. Agamic female.—A black and tan species. Compound eye, clypeus, tip of mandible, flagellum, broad stripe along parallel and lateral lines on mesonotum, base of scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, metapleura and upper part of mesopleura, sternum, most of sec- ond abdominal segment except a broad oblique band, black or nearly so, there being much variation in different individuals; rest of body pale yellow to fuscous. Head finely rugose, covered with white pubescence except on vertex, mandibles with two sharp teeth, max- illary palpi 4-segmented with first short and second and fourth equal, labial palpi 3-segmented with second almost as long as other two. Eyes bare. Antennae 13-segmented with the last twice as long as the preceding and incompletely divided by a groove near the middle or 14-segmented with last two subequal. Mesoscutum finely rugose but not transversely so, parapsidal furrows obliterated in front as is also the median, smooth anterior parallel lines extend back over half way and the fine ridges on each side suggest a feather, the lateral lines extend forward half way and are bordered by a pebbled area. Scutel- lum rugose with two rugose pits at the base separated by a narrow ridge and opening behind on to disk. Carinae on propodeum straight, con- verging slightly above, inclosing a reticulate area above rugose petiole. Wings transparent, veins distinct and pale yellowish, very minutely short brown pubescent, ciliate only on hind margin of hind wing, areolet reaching about one-eighth way to basal, cubitus curved and almost reaching basal. Legs with coxae and tarsi darker, hind tarsi shorter than tibiae, tarsal claws simple, divergent. Abdomen smooth 228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. and shining, longer than high, slightly compressed, the second seg- ment with patch of whitish hairs at base on either side, making up three-fourths the length, the third making up almost all the rest. Ventral spine twice as long as broad. Ovipositor when dissected out a trifle longer than antenna. Ovarian eggs well developed, 0.14 mm. long, and including pedicel, 0.76 mm. Using width of head in balsam mount as a base, the length of wing ratio is 3.8—4.0; antenna, 1.7- 1.8; mesonotum, 1.45; ovipositor, 2.0-2.1. Range in length of 30 pinned specimens, 3.3-4.5 mm. Average, 3.8mm. Median, 3.75 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 22564, U.S. N. M. Sixteen cotypes. Host.—Quercus bicolor Willdenow. Gall.—Ellipsoid, 4.5 by 5.5 mm., single or in small clusters on the small roots just below surface of ground under the tree. Surface smooth, brown. Monothalamous with a firm wall less than one-half millimeter thick when mature, exit hole at end 2 mm. in diameter. Immature galls lighter in color, fleshy, translucent white inside. Habitat—Type locality, Wilmette, Illinois. Collected also at Evanston and Winnetka, Illinois. Biology.—The galls probably take two years to develop, the larvae transforming to adults the second autumn but not emerging from the galls until the fcllowing spring between April 15 and May 7. They are all females. They oviposit at once in the swelling buds of the same tree, but the alternating sexual generation is unknown. 28. CALLIRHYTIS ELLIPTICA, new species. Plate 35, fig. 26. Agamic female.—Head reddish brown, abdomen brighter red, an- tennae, legs, and thorax honey-yellow with the more heavily chiti- nized parts reddish. Head rugose, as broad as thorax, widened be- hind eyes, pubescent on face, clypeus almost circular with two deep impressions at insertion, malar space about 0.4 eye, interocular space about one and one-fourth times as broad as high, antennocular and ocellocular spaces equal, palpi 4- and 3-segmented, mandibles 2- toothed, antennae 13-segmented, first and third equal, fifth half as long as third, fifth to twelfth subequal, last not quite one and one- half times preceding, or 14-segmented, with last two subequal. Sides of pronotum rugose. Mesoscutum a trifle broader than long, surface pebbled with a tendency to become rugose on front and along the parapsides which are obliterated in front, anterior parallel grooves rugose extending back over half way, smoother lines over base of wings, a shallow rugose streak makes an indistinct incomplete median. Scutellum very rugose, with two rugose, sometimes com- municating pits at base and impressed areas at sides, pits open be- hind. Propodeum with two outwardly bent ridges inclosing a reti- No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 229 culate area broader than high and narrowed gradually toward top, petiole rugose. Mesopleura pubescent except on the more finely rugose center. Hind leg with tarsus shorter than tibia, third shorter than fifth, claws simple. Wings clear, apparently bare but in balsam very short pubescent, ciliate only on margin of hind wing, veins yellowish, areolet small or incomplete. Abdomen smooth and shin- ing, slightly compressed, longer than high, second segment with two densely pubescent patches on sides. Ventral spine tapering, in balsam twice as long as broad, ovipositor when dissected out about one and three-tenths length of antenna, ovarian eggs well developed. Using width of head as base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.4; antenna, 1.9; ovipositor, 1.9; wing, 3.5. Range in length of 10 pinned specimens, 3.7-4.8 mm. Average, 3.9 mm. This species can be separated from Callirhytis ellipsoida Weld only by color markings which, however, seem to be constant. The galls also are similar but on a different oak. ' Type.—Cat. No. 22565, U. S. N. M. Type fly and gall. Four paratypes. Host.—Quercus alba Linnaeus. Gall.—An abrupt ellipsoidal swelling on small rootlets found an Inch or two under the humus on forest floor underneath large trees. Brown, smooth, thin-walled when mature, monothalamous, and similar to galls of Callirhytis ellipsoida Weld on Quercus bicolor but the fly is different. Type locality.—The type fly was cut out alive from a gall found at Highland Park, Illinois, October 22, 1916, on root of an unde- termined oak. On May 11, 1919, five similar flies were collected at Glencoe, Illinois, ovipositing on buds of Quercus alba. On May 23, 1919, found similar galls on roots of white oak at Ravinia, Illinois. Some showed exit holes from which flies had recently emerged; others were full grown but contained a thick translucent nutritive layer and a barely visible larval cavity; others had a large cavity and a third of the nutritive layer left and a nearly full-grown larva which would probably transform in the fall and emerge next spring in early May. In the United States National Museum are three similar flies collected by J. G. Barlow at Cadet, Missouri, April 27 and May 5, 1883, ovipositing in buds of white oak. Also two from Nyack, New York, collected by J. L. Zabriskie, April 21, 1885, on buds of Quercus alba. These galls were also collected at Marianna, Florida, October 10, 1919, on the roots of Quercus alba growing in deep woods. Calsiormmia... 246 Ji). TAO. AGA Geared maculipennis Ashmead. Scutellum disk coriaceous, rugose behind and onsides. Size2.3-3.0mm. Average 2:0 Wiis: Arizona” GARR. .ATTSIL. Di eae) eA brunneus Ashmead. sAWingecléart 2 7G22 JR LOM Ae ote Lose THe eels Leb illinoisensis Weld, p. 234. Wings with basal vein clouded and a more or less distinct transverse cloud or spot on. second cross-vein and areolet.....=-..--23- Sac 4 teas aSe sec entice ease 4 4. Antennae 12-segmented, postocellar line shorter than ocellocular, interocular area Square or mipher than brdad Aso... Cae eee Bes eee tenuis Weld, p. 235. Antennae 13-segmented, postocellar line longer than ocellocular, interocular area at least 1.1 times as broad as high... ..........-.---...-- humilis Weld, p. 236. oo 32. COMPSODRYOXENUS ILLINOISENSIS, new species. Plate 35, fig. 28. Female.—Black with head, except eyes, antennae and legs brownish. Head broader than thorax, widened behind eyes, coriaceous, sparsely pubescent on face, axial line 0.58 of transfacial, interocular area 1.16 times as broad as high, malar space four-tenths length of eye and with fine groove, palpi 5-and 3-segmented, antennae 13-segmented, first, third, and fourth equal, 5-12 progressively shorter, last trifle more than one and one-half times preceding. Pronotum coriaceous on sides. Mesoscutum evenly coriaceous, only little longer than wide, parap- sides faint, deeper posteriorly, lateral and anterior lines present. Scutellum coriaceous on disk becoming rugose behind, with a few No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 235 scattered setigerous punctures, arcuate firrow at basd | on which are several longitudinal ridges. Propodeum with two straight carinae inclosing a smooth area slightly longer than wide and wider at the top and with faint median ridge. Mesopleura coriaceous becoming polished on hind margin. Legs microscopically coriaceous also, all last tarsal segments infuscated, tarsal claws simple. Wings clear with brown veins, first and second cross-veins slightly clouded, areolet present, surface pubescent and margin ciliate. Abdomen much com- pressed, higher than long, smooth and polished, second segment occu- pying about half the length and with a few scattered hairs on each side at base. Hypopygium prominent, ventral spine twice as long as broad, ventral valves protruding at an oblique angle, ovipositor when dissected out nearly one and two-thirds as long as antenna. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.16; antenna, 2.5; ovipositor, 4.4; wing, 3.8. Range in length of 23 pinned specimens is 1.8-2.7 mm. Average, 2.1 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 22580, U.S. N. M. Type and 12 paratypes. Host.—Quercus macrocarpa Michaux. Gall.—Cells in the thickened bark at the crown of small sapling causing an abrupt swelling of four to five times the normal diameter of the shoot and extending for a distance of as far as 30 cm., or in bark at base of young shoots in such numbers as to cause a notice- able swelling. Almost wholly buried under the débris on forest floor. Resembles the gall of the sexual generation of Callirytis futilis (Osten Sacken) on roots of large trees of Quercus alba, except that cells are smaller. Type locality—Winnetka, Ulinois. One gall was found October 22, 1914, and contained living adults. Another was found No- vember 1, with adults emerging, and they continued to come out until November 11. Another gall was found at Fort Sheridan, Tllinois, on October 3, 1914, and living flies were cut out of it on October 29. 33. COMPSODRYOXENUS TENUIS, new species. Plate 36, fig. 29. Female.—Species nearly black, head (except eyes) and thorax being more or less brownish, antennae and tarsi still lighter brown- Head broader than thorax, axial line 0.55 of transfacial, face closely punctate, frons and cheeks coriaceous, broadened slightly behind eyes, malar space one-fifth eye with parallel striae, interocular area not as wide as high, antennocular space less than ocellocular, man- dibles 2-toothed, palpi 5- and 3-segmented, antennae 12-segmented, first, third, and fourth equal, 7-11 getting gradually shorter and barrel-shaped, last a little over twice as long as preceding which is a 236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. little longer than broad, distal two-thirds stout. Pronotum coria- ceous on sides. Mesoscutum slightly longer than broad, coriaceous with distinct smooth parallel and lateral lines and well-separated parapsides obsolete anteriorly and in which are a few scattered punc- tures visible in balsam, separated from scutellum by a distinct suture, Scutellum rugose, with arcuate reticulate furrow at base. Propo- deum with two parallel carinae inclosing a smoothish area in which is a faint median ridge, spiracular areas reticulate. Legs with hind tarsus shorter than tibia, claws simple. Wings with distinct brown veins, first abscissa of radius arcuate, areolet indistinct, surface pu- bescent, margin ciliate, a transverse clouded area extends from origin of radius nearly across wing, first cross-vein also slightly clouded. Abdomen strongly compressed, as deep or deeper than long, smooth and shining, hypopygium prominent with ventral spine about as long as broad, ventral valves protruding obliquely, ovipos- itor when dissected out longer than antenna, ovarian eggs well developed. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.25; antenna, 2.28; ovipositor, 3.1; wing, 3.4. Length of 8 pinned specimens 1.7—-2.1 mm. Average, 1.9 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 22579, U.S. N.M. Four cotypes. Host.— Quercus fendlert Liebmann. Gall.—A slight gradual enlargement at crown of small saplings which are 3-15 mm. in diameter. The larval cells are not scattered uniformly but occur in nests of three or four to a dozen cells under the bark in a sort of depression or pocket in the wood. The cells are white, brittle, thin-walled, about 2-3 mm. in diameter. Type locality.—Trinidad, Colorado. The type galls were collected July 10, 1916. They then contained pupae, and when cut open September 16 living flies were obtained. Natural emergence date un- known. Similar but larger old galls were collected at Las Vegas, New Mexico. 34. COMPSODRYOXENUS HUMILIS, new species. Female.—Nearly black; head, thorax, base of abdomen more or less brownish. Head broader than thorax, interocular area 1.1 times as broad as high, malar space nearly 0.4 eye and with parallel striae, palpi 5- and 3-segmented, antennae 13-segmented, first, fourth and fifth subequal, third slightly longer than first, last twice as long as preceding, flagellum darker distally. Pronotum coriaceous. Meso- scutum broader than long, coriaceous, parapsides faint, broadly separated behind. Scutellum rugose, with arcuate furrow at base without septum and not limited laterally, slightly margined behind. Propodeum with usual parallel ridges and a distinct median. All last tarsal segments infuscated, claws weak, simple, divergent. Wing with distinct dark veins, first abscissa of radius arcuate and about half length of second, areolet present, first cross-vein heavily clouded, large transverse cloud in radial area, surface pubescent, mar- No. 2368. AMHRICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 237 gin ciliate. Abdomen broader than long, smooth and polished, second segment occupying about half the length. Hypopygium prominent, ventral spine twice as long as broad, ventral valves protruding at an oblique angle, ovipositor “when dissected out longer than antenna. Using width of head as a base, the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.2— 1.3; antenna, 2.4; ovipositor, 3.1-3.3; wing, 3.2. Range in length of 15 pinned specimens 1.9-2.2 mm. Average, 2.0 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 22831, U.S. N. M. Type and 8 paratypes. Host.—Quercus chapmani Sargent and Quercus stellata Wangen- elm. Gall.—A slight spindle-shaped enlargement at base of one-year- old sprouts in patches of runner oak. In autumn they are on current year’s growth. Maximum diameter of gall is about twice that of normal shoot. Cells are scattered, not nested, just under the bark, about 1.5 by 2.0 mm. and extending about 1.25 mm. into the wood, the deeper part narrower. Habitat.—Type locality, Ocala, Florida. The galls were collected October 30, 1919, in a patch of Quercus chapmani, Hopkins U.S. No. 15634c. These galls then contained larvae and pupae. The type fly was cut out January 12, 1920. Other galls were collected on same oak at Green Cove Springs, November 23, 1919, containing adults which were cut out on December 1. One gall was taken on Quercus stellata October 11 at Marianna, and lighter colored flies similar in structure were cut out December 6. Genus BELONOCNEMA Mayr. This genus is based on a species producing a fleshy root gall on live oak in Florida. Ashmead described it as Dryorhizorenus flori- danus and sent material to Europe where Mayr described it also. In Transactions American Entomological Society (vol. 13, p. 63), Ashmead acknowledges that Mayr’s name of Belonocnema treatae has precedence. In Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-kéniglichen zoologisch- botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien (vol. 52, p. 287), Mayr states that the correct spelling of his genus is Belonocnema. In Psyche (vol. 10, p. 150) Ashmead has erroneously placed the genus in that section of the key with undeveloped wings, whereas flies of both sexes have normal wings. He also erred in considering the palpi as 6- and 4-segmented. Balsam mounts of type material show that the maxillary palpi are 5- and the labial 3-segmented. If the scutellum is considered to have an arcuate furrow at the base without pits, the genus would run in the Ashmead key to Dryocosmus, and if bifoveolate as Ashmead stated to Biorhiza. From either it is easily separated by the characteristic spur at the apex of the front tibiae and by the clouded veins about the short marginal cell. 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59. KEY TO DESCRIBED SPECIES.§ 1. Spur on front tibia as long as metatarsus, twice as long as furcula. Middle tibia with distinct spur. Abdomen reaching far beyond apex of radial cell. No préolet inde egdoh. dr tas daa dhooeesn Oe SALW ea! Jossoria Weld, p. 240. Spur on front tibia one-fourth length of metatarsus, not longer than furcula, No spur or middle tibia. Abdomen reaching only to base of radial cell. RECOIGE, PECBCUB. «8 enc oa cnn pie ene hee eels eee cncicee ae ere eee 2 2. Thorax clear straw yellow. Females, 3.0-4.4mm. Average of 23,3.7mm. Males 3423.75 mm.) Average of 93:6 mmr. 2.22.26. Pelee ate... treatae Mayr. p. 238. Thorax dark brown. Agamic females, 2.0-3.1mm. Average of 47, 2.7 mm. kinseyi Weld, p. 241, 35. BELONOCNEMA TREATAE Mayr. Dryorhizoxenus floridanus AsHMEAD Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 9, 1881, Proc. p- xxv; vol. 12, 1885, p. 293; vol. 18, 1886, p. 63. Belenocnema treatae MAyr Genera Gallenb. Cynip., 1881, p. 17; 20 Jahresber. Com. Oberrealsch. I Bez. Wien, 1881, p. 17 note-—Datia Torre, Cat. Hym., vol. 2, 1893, p. 131—BEUTENMUELLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 26, 1909, p. 278, pl. 51, fig. 1.—THomeson, Cat. Amer. Ins. Galls, 1915, p. 5, 36.— Feit, Key to Amer. Ins. Galls, N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 54, fig. 65, I. Belonocnema treatae Mayr, ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 14, p. 133.— Cresson, Syn. Amer. Hym., p. 174.—AsHMEAD, in Packard 5th Rept. U.S. Ent. Comm., p. 104.—Daiia Torre and Kierrer, Wytsman Gen. Ins. Cyni- pidae, 1902, p. 80, No. 2; Das Tierreich, Lief. 24, 1910, p. 725. Belonocnema floridanus Ashmead Cresson, Syn. Amer. Hym., 1887, p. 174. The type galls of this species were found while ploughing under a live oak (Quercus virginiana Miller) in March. They were just below the surface on the small rootlets (up to 10 mm. in diameter) and in ciusters every 4 or 5 inches. They are described as irregular, somewhat wedge-shaped, soft and fleshy, easily detached, of a yellow- ish color, the first true root gall to be described in this country. Two hundred flies were reared. The galls are still preserved in the United States National Museum, black or brownish and very similar to the dried galls of the sexual generation of Trigonaspis. The writer has never seen the fresh galls, but on two occasions has found the dried-up galls of what was probably this species on the roots of Quercus geminata Small, at St. Petersburg and Clearwater, Florida, in November. In each case they were on the roots of sap- lings whose leaves bore immense numbers of globular, tan-colored galls, described in 1861 by Osten Sacken as Cynips q. virens. This suggests that these pea galls on leaf might be the alternating gener- ation of Belonocnema treatae, but further observations or experimental evidence will be necessary to prove it. The type galls’ in the United States National Museum have a label in Doctor Ashmead’s hand “‘agamic female of B. treatae Mayr,” showing that he had already suspected this relationship. The writer also has reared adults from these leaf-pea galls and they prove to be all females and to belong 5 For discussion of Belonocnema colorado Gillette see p. 205. 7 Three agamic flies from Jacksonville, Florida, also bear the same label. No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 239 to the genus Belonocnema, thus strengthening the supposition. The writer thus proposes to transfer the maker of this oak leaf-pea gall to Belonocnema, leaving the proof of the association with treatae to others. It appears, however, that the maker of these pea galls is stall undescribed. Ashmead reared a single fly in February supposedly from over 200 of these galls and described it as Cynips 4. virens, trans- ferring it to Andricus later, but the type fly in the United States National Museum has a question mark after the genus. This type is in bad condition, but agrees with the description, and is plainly a Disholcaspis and agrees with Disholcaspis ficigera, a gall of which had evidently been mixed in with the others by mistake, and such a gall was found in the Ashmead duplicate gall collection in a box of oak leaf-pea galls which may have been his breeding cage. ‘Thus the single fly reared was associated with the wrong gall, a mistake which would not have occurred had the species been described from ade- quate material. As the classification of the Cynipidae must be based upon the aduits rather than upon their work, the maker of the stem gall known in literature as ficigera must take the oldest name applied to it, namely, virens, and the maker of the leaf gall needs description. However the leaf-pea gall-fly of Florida proves to be different from those from similar galls in Texas so that there are two species to describe. Although somewhat outside the scope of the present paper, these changes are here included, and the synonomy of each species follows, together with field notes on each. DISHOLCASPIS VIRENS (Ashmead). Cynips q. ficus ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 9, 1881, Proc., p. 14, gall only. Cynips q. ficigera ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, 1885, Proc., p. 6, female and gall. Holcaspis ficigera ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, 1885, p. 296 (Lozxaulis is typo. error); vol. 14, 1887, p. 132.—Cresson, Syn. Amer. Hymen., 1887, p. 179.—AsHMEAD, in Packard 5th Rept. U. 8. Ent. Comm., 1890, p. 106.—Da ia TorRE, Cat. Hymen., vol. 2, 1893, p. 56.+BripweE.., Trans, Kansas Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1899, p. 204.—Datua Torre and Krerrer in Wytsman Gen. Ins. Hymen. Cynipidae, 1902, p. 54.—BrEUTENMUELLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 26, 1909, p. 40, pl. 8, figs. 2-5.—-Tuomrson, Cat. Amer. Ins. Galls, 1915, p. 10, 27, 39. Disholcaspis quercus-ficigera Ashmead, DALLA ToRRE and KierreEr, Das Tierreich, Lief. 24, 1910, 379. Disholcaspis ficigera Ashmead, Feit, Key to Amer. Ins. Gall, N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 71, fig. 64, 2-5. Host.—Quercus virginiana Miller and Quercus geminata Small. Habitat.—The writer has collected galls on Quercus virginiana at Jacksonville, Gainesville, Ocala, Cottondale, Marianna, River Junc- tion, Carrabelle, Live Oak, and Daytona, Florida; Savannah, Georgia; and Cuero, Texas. He has galls from Mobile Bay (James Hayes), Billy Island, Georgia (Dr. J. C. Bradley); and Victoria County, Texas 240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59. (J. D. Mitchell). He has collected galls on Quercus geminata at Car- rabelle, Clearwater, and Daytona Beach, Florida. Biology.—Growing galls are found in October secreting honey-dew and frequented by flies, wasps, and yellow jackets. Galls from Texas sent to Evanston, Illinois, gave flies December 14. Others remained inside the galls and were cut out alive on December 20 and February 6. Under natural conditions emergence is probably in late fall. When attacked by quest-flies, which make cells in distal parts of the gall, the size of the gall is much reduced. BELONOCNEMA FOSSORIA, new species. Cynips q. virens OSTEN SACKEN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 1, 1861, p. 57, No. 2, gall only.—AsHMEaD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 9, 1881, Proc., p., 10. Andricus virens ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, 1885, p. 295; vol. 14, 1887, p. 127.—Cresson, Syn. Amer. Hymen., 1887, p. 176.—AsHMEAD, in Pack- ard 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., 1890, p. 106.—CockERELL, Entomologist, vol. 23, 1890, p.74.—Datia Torre, Cat. Hym., vol. 2, 1893, p.103.—Datia TorRE and KiErrer, in Wytsman Gen. Ins. Hym. Cynipidae, 1902, p. 65.—THompson, Cat. Amer. Ins. Galls, 1915, p. 16, 29, 34.—Frut, Key to Amer. Ins. Galls, N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. 95. Andricus quercus-virens Ashmead, Datta Torre and Kierrer, Das Tierreich, Lief. 24, 1910, p. 547. Agamic female.—Uniformly reddish. Head quadrangular, width 2.8 times length of eye. Interocular space 0.72 transfacial and area twice as broad as high. Facial line 0.82 times transfacial. Malar space 0.63 eye, groove shallow. Palpi 5 and 3. Antennae 13; lengths as 19:7:19:13:11:10:10:10:9:9:9:9:18. On same scale width from 7 to end is 8. Mesoscutum smooth and polished, grooves per- current. Scutellum faintly margined, disk granulate. Wing ionger than abdomen but reduced, veins about radial cell clouded, no areo- let, pubescent and ciliate. Legs short and stout, evidently adapted for digging, furcula of fore tibia reaching beyond middle of metatar- sus, spur on middle tibia as long as normal spines, claws simple. Hypopygium short, ventral spine broad, short. Ovipositor longer than antenna, stout. Using width of the head as a base the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.1, antenna, 1.8-2.0, ovipositor 1.9-2.2, wing 2.6-2.9. Range in length of 22 pinned specimens 2.3-3.1 mm. Average 2.7 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 24099, U.S.N.M. Type and 10 paratypes. Host.—Quercus geminata Small, and Quercus virginiana Miller. Gall.—Globular, hard, tan-colored galls occurring in numbers on the under side of the leaf. Monothalamous, 4-6 mm. in diameter, of dense cellular tissue. Habitat.—The type material is from galls collected at Clearwater, Florida, November 7, 1919, on geminata and sent in as Hopkins U.S. No. 15634!. Flies issued December 8. Three paratypes from Jack- sonville are probably from virginiana. The writer has seen galls at No. 2368. AMERICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 241 Jacksonville, Daytona, Tallahassee, and Gainesville on virginiana and on geminata at St. Petersburg and Daytona Beach. Dr. J.C. Bradley has collected galls at St. Simon’s Island, Georgia. BELONOCNEMA KINSEYI, new species. Agamic female.—Reddish-brown, thorax darker. Head broader than thorax, width 2.4 times length of eye, finely coriaceous, malar space with groove and less than half length of eye, antennocular space two-thirds ocellocular, interocular area nearly 1.6 times as broad as high, transfacial line 1.1—-1.2 times facial, palpi 5- and 3- segmented, antennae 13-segmented, third one and two-thirds times fourth, 4-12 gradually shorter, last just over twice preceding. Pro- notum with scattered punctures bearing white hairs. Mesonotum shining, smooth, bare except for a few setigerous punctures along the complete, deep, narrow parapsides, anterior and lateral lines very faint. Scutellum rugose behind and on sides of disk, with scattered setigerous punctures, base with two smooth distinct pits, sides with ' triangular rugose impressions. Propodeum with two strongly curved irregular ridges inclosing a rugose area. Front tibia pro- longed on one side into a curved spine ending in a short blunt spine and almost as long as the normal forked spine on the other side. Hind tarsus shorter than tibia, second shorter than fifth, tarsal claws simple. Wings hyaline, veins brown, second cross-vein heavily clouded, second abscissa of radius strongly bent and thickened at apex, areolet small and indistinct, cubitus reaching basal, surface brown pubescent and margin ciliate. Abdomen smooth and shining, compressed, longer than high, second segment with dorsal darker area and patch of scattered hairs on sides, ventral spine about as long as broad, ovipositor three-fourths length of antenna, eggs well developed. Using the width of the head as a base, the length of antenna ratio is 2.3-2.5; length of mesonotum ratio, 1.3; wing, 3.8-3.9; ovipositor, 1.8—2.0. Range in length of 62 pinned specimens, 2.0-3.1 mm. Average, 2.7 mm. Mr. A. C. Kinsey was the first to call the writer’s attention to the fact that adults bred from these leaf galls did not agree with the description of Andricus virens Ashmead. Later an examination of the type of virens showed it to be a Disholcaspis. Type.—Cat. No. 22832, U. S. N. M. Twenty-seven cotypes. Fifteen cotypes are in collection of William Beutenmueller. Host.—Quercus virginiana Miller. Gall.—Similar to those of Belonocnema fossoria Weld. Habitat.—The type material is from Quercus virginiana collected October 26, 1917, at Boerne, Texas. The galls then contained pupae and adults. Flies emerged in cage before November 15, and 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59—— 16 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 59. one more was found alive in cage March 23, 1918. These galls were also seen at Houston, Wharton, Victoria, Cuero, and Austin, Texas, in October, 1917, and at Sabinal and Kerrville, Texas, in July, 1918. The galls are found full grown by the end of July, contain pupae in October, and adults emerge in November. 36. WELD 405. Plate 37, fig. 32. Host.—Quercus rubra Linnaeus and Quercus nigra Linnaeus. Gall.—_A_ polythalamous, somewhat globose, gall with a smooth brown surface, 15 mm. in diameter, attached at the crown and hidden under humus. When mature the epidermis disintegrates revealing a cluster of whitish, longitudinally ridged, relatively large woody cells, Habitat.—Old galls were collected at Ironton, Missouri, on Quercus rubra October 5, 1917, and at Gainesville, Florida, October 23, 1919, on Quercus nigra. 37. WELD 704. Host.—Quercus fendleri Leibmann., Gall.—Cylindrical, acuminate at apex, thin-walled, smooth, 5 mm. long by 2 mm. in diameter, attached near fork at base of small sprouts at surface of ground, very easily detached. Habitat.—Collected at Trinidad, Colorado, July 11, 1916, and one at Morley, Colorado, April 2, 1918. 38. WELD 706. Host.—Quercus gambelii Nuttall and probably other Rocky Moun- tain oaks. Gall.—Cluster of several dozen hairy brown cells that are probably fleshy when fresh, at end of vigorous etiolated shoots coming up under loose stone piles or under mass of humus. It is probably a spring gall. The clusters measure up to 2-3 cm. in diameter. Habitat.—Collected old galls in July, 1916, at Trinidad, Colorado; Las Vegas, and Rito de los Frijoles near Buckman, New Mexico; Grand Canyon and Flagstaff, Arizona. 39. WELD 707. Plate 37, fig. 35. Host.—Quercus emoryt Torrey. Gall.—Similar in size and appearance to that of Humayria floridana Ashmead. Habitat.—Old galls found at Prescott, Arizona, April 13, 1918. No. 2368. AMHRICAN SUBTERRANEAN GALLS ON OAK—WELD. 243 40. WELD 708. Host.—A deciduous oak. Gall.—On under side of main root in clump of small bushes, single, or if clustered only one well developed, 5 mm. in diameter, surface brown, hairy, wall thin and cavity large. Habitat.—Collected at Las Vegas, New Mexico, April 4, 1918. 41. WELD 1501. Plate 37, fig. 33. Host.—Quercus agrifolia Née, Quercus wislizent A. de pape Quercus californica Cooper. Gall.—Abrupt oblong swellings at base of ent which are only a few millimeters in diameter. The gall may measure 25-35 mm. in diameter by 35-75 mm. long. It is Hard and woody when dry, cov- ered with normal brown bark which is not much thickened. Cells radially arranged in pockets in the wood. Exit holes with a charac- teristic smooth ring. Habitat.—The writer has collected old galls on Quercus wishzenia on Mount Tamalpais, in San Gabriel and San Antonio River canyons in San Gabriel Mountains, in Ojai Valley, and at Santa Margarita, California; on Quercus agrifolia at Newhall, near Carpinteria, at Santa Margarita, Paso Robles, Paraiso Springs, Monterey, and Los Gatos; on Quercus californica at Dunsmuir and in Sequoia National Park. Fresh galls nearly full grown but too immature for rearing were seen only once at Monterey, on May 11, 1918. 42, WELD 407. Plate 37, fig. 36. Host.—Quercus laceyi Small. Gall.—Dried-up galls, 5 mm. in diameter, were found at base of stump in the late fall. They were globular, with a slight pedicel, produced in acluster. Probably a fleshy spring gall of the Trigonaspis type. Habitat.—Boerne, Texas. 43. WELD 408. Plate 37, fig. 34. Host.—Quercus laceyi Small and Quercus virginiana Miller. Gall.—Confluent, globular, dried-up galls, 4 mm. in diameter, in a small cluster, pubescent on surface. Found in fall on young shoots of live oak buried under thick bed of dead leaves and on laceyi attached to a large root. Habitat—Boerne and Cuero, Texas. Fig. Fig. Fia. Fia. Fia. Fia. Fia. Fia. Fie. Fia. on SIO ow 8. 9. IU} lil 12. 13. 14. 15. 16, L7. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 20. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 30. 36. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Figures natural size except where otherwise noted. PLATE 28. . Galls of Disholcaspis acetabula Weld. . Galls of Disholcaspis lacuna Weld. . Galls of Disholcaspis terrestris Weld on Q. stellata. PLATE 29. . Galls of Disholcaspis globosa Weld. . Fresh galls of Dryocosmus favus Beutenmueller on Q. rubra. . Same. Old gall on Q. catesbaei. . Same. Individual galls cut longitudinally, x 5. PLATE 30. Galls of Trigonaspis radicola Ashmead. Galls of Biorhiza caepuliformis (Beutenmueller). Galls of Xystoteras contorta Weld on Q. breviloba. Same. On Q. stellata. Puate 31. Galls of Odontocynips nebulosa Kieffer. Gall of Andricus championi Ashmead. PLATE 32. Galls of Andricus rhizoxenus (Ashmead) on Q. reticulata. Galls of Callirhytis hartmani Weld. Galls of Callirhytis corallosa Weld on Q. chapmani. Same. On Q. macrocarpa. PuaTE 33. Galls of Callirhytis maxima Weld. Galls of Callirhytis enigma Weld on Q. catesbaei. Same. Individual old galls, x 5. Galls of Collirhytis futilis Osten Sacken (Agamic generation). PLATE 34. Galls of Callirhytis apicalis (Ashmead). Galls of Callirhytis ovata Weld. Galls of Callirhytis fulva Weld. Galls of Bassettia floridana Ashmead, X 2. Puate 35. Gall of Callirhytis elliptica Weld, X 5. Galls of Humayria floridana Ashmead. Gall of Compsodryoxenus illinoisensis Weld. Puate 36. Galls of Compsodryoxenus tenuis Weld. Galls of Callirhytis ellipsoida Weld. Galls of Callirhytis rubida Weld. Puate 37. Weld 405. Weld 1501. Weld 408. Weld 707. Weld 407. 244 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 28 AMERICAN GALLFLIES OF THE FAMILY CYNIPIDAE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 244, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 29 AMERICAN GALLFLIES OF THE FAMILY CYNIPIDAE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 244. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 30 AMERICAN GALLFLIES OF THE FAMILY CYNIPIDAE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 244, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 31 Cc LAXVAFUOT1 AMERICAN GALLFLIES OF THE FAMILY CYNIPIDAE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 244. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 32 AMERICAN GALLFLIES OF THE FAMILY CYNIPIDAE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 244. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 33 72 (GIL f AMERICAN GALLFLIES OF THE FAMILY CYNIPIDAE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 244. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 34 AMERICAN GALLFLIES OF THE FAMILY CYNIPIDAE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 244, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 35 GLO ; AMERICAN GALLFLIES OF THE FAMILY CYNIPIDAE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 244. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 36 ells fed Ot Wt pee AMERICAN GALLFLIES OF THE FAMILY CYNIPIDAE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 244, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 37 7O7. AMERICAN GALLFLIES OF THE FAMILY CYNIPIDAE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 244, SPECIES INDEX. This index includes all species referred to in this paper. Generic names are in bold face and synonyms in italics. Page. PETE TOW, APECIGN nei Cok Sah od ek cee kh winks weak china dee occa carats 194 pemdricus Hartig...........- Bi oe tb Se oes ONO esa a see ROUND 211 EE (ABD INCRE) = gore caceice ovina e cie Wealee si du cise se eies eis ea eaenerca SOON. t 222 mmemenas Dalla) Torre... 2s. en cee es 5 ue ads a epee rh tk teh as DIST SE! 212 BMIRMEEA ARICA 5 oss cinta sso oar een code vas 3 dad saa de een eee SE. 232 MEINNOUCHCIMAPMAYT: sacliselcs so gues ee eS sit sis tk ER FeO. 237 Biorhiza Westwood ..........-.--- Be iat ata eo suo 9.5 Pes ian, Sens RO eae 206 MIG MON, BPCCIES 4. ss.c= cae as ce eee cc ores cone eed eee ne te wg Moean une 197 PITH ENAPASOINDA (scans cc een ee eee men eck. ceeetreionre ~rsyatchstans 2 2 DAR RO 234 caepuliformis (Beutenmueller).....-.. Bae NCAR bolodckgenmate aha cc AUG SR 206 BAMETITULIGMHOCTSLEL a secre cice tele Rie ok heen Nm eR Ries bp n=. gene at ee 203 rpwoxenua Ashmead .... 22555 «~ +. + desi Geamien foals cit sie a+ nla a ciel eS cere 211 Miisida, new species. ......da2s . ~.. ~ Geared ie eccte et a ie tn oe 224 saltatua Ashmead . .. 20h goals. . ode tees a signer te abled yo ns cia ae 219 (GUANG, NEW SPECles. 1Js)026 64... dent woes ae ne ae Oo wes oe eee ee ee 232 feaicormis Bassetti: obo ce seis 's:> » - Eee bate ee pier oer ee eee 232 PANS, TOW SPECleS ssa. 8 aie Femina on. Nene eee eas See ete eee 235 $ertesiris, NEW SpPeClESh <- 245.) Assn... eee poeta see ee eee 198 tredieae Mayr..... abet eooe ere ate - one een = Ca ene er ee oe Jee 238 Trigondspis Hartigaeees ae Vee eels wiels\a' cin cs siciceis 2 ot MEO > <3 o: SEE Lei re 201 Vrrensu(Ashmead) sie pees «255 sas anqsnsensace san snmccieL OLE nee 239 Rystoteras Ashmeadsee es sesee cee oc as saa eee wac sees ena. s OAL Me A. oe aeeee 209 HOST INDEX. ReMmOE MONA eos ste. ctt MR eS Set oe see S ee bees ea Nees apicalis, See Weld 1501. err Dn ote ek elliptica, corallosa, futilis (agamic), globosa, maxima, radicola. Glarizenica: s 22-2422. sete etek tes eco tee ee tone eet one eee rhizoxenus. Bricoior ess cc2iciescsacetassste sae teeta ss esse ss corallosa, ellipsoida, maxima. OQMprovHOla co tos sales ote eee caepuliformis, floridana (Eumayria), favus. Grtyrevileba:wiAcse xs f22r25r2c5 22a ee ethers ee eens brevinota, contorta. eee ALIFOTTICD 628 lt oe een teeter AR Ae eae eee S apicalis, See Weld 1501. Creates baelk so. ' $i. 0 caepuliformis, enigma, floridana (Eumayria), favus, ovata. teria pinenk ees. 4725’. corallosa, floridana (Bassettia), humilis, ocala, radicola. Crrchrysolepiss 55222252222 :2t¢5i26c hee omen eee a oe fulva, hartmani. Be een rary te cath ns favus, floridana (Eumayria), marginata, rubida. Grammer cnet 525 5s522220022252 5 ee eee. er obconica. Qiemoryr rare kesenrccestissssssr5+ 2 Fee ce eee See Weld 1501. eealetia ies ema Sof scst 22sec 5s! eee caepuliformis, floridana (Eumayria). PErcnolerina~ wwiarnssoscci cs ccnessohssdet lcs ces ee tenuis, See Weld 1501. Sreampeiiic: <3s2-.-...-..-.-%-* acetabula, fumosa, lacuna, tenuana. See Weld 706. Seepamiasia: 1.525 iis45ii25f2igc 2 {Peete eee fossoria, treatae, virens. Rptineere 7 oho lo roller te ee ee: ee See acetabula. Grtiaceyisss oo eS SS eee See Weld 407 and Weld 408. Gr iaurious> - 245 52265255222 (2233 2a caepuliformis, floridana (Eumayria). Rl renee 20 Ae toto Pa ee eres en See nebulosa. rae TNAEEN DIS © 1.10..." sss ls 2s Se Se corallosa, illinoisensis, maxima. Rypmbronneiha: ©. 2icsfo7e* 2252s cafeetsseisee ons heck ane terrestris. See ocala. Ceetinnmlamaaenel ss Hse shoo sof is 2 ese caepuliformis, favus, floridana (Eumayria). Oeortyetioniy. .*°. 3.7 ss caepuliformis, enigma, favus, floridana (Eumayria), ovata. Qemigraee 2... so0s > 5-2 5 Vt. lt. oS een Co eee favus. See Weld 405. Q“oplonpifolia > :22 252532222225. 52. eee ic - 2 ee eee rhizoxenus. @°*phellostes: 22: 22:5522222:522 225. sae Re Pettit oc ot See enigma. Q. prinus..................-.------corallosa, futilis (agamic), maxima. See globosa. Prropieniata sy 2... 5... et oe ee See acetabula, fumosa, rhizoxenus. Q. rubra. .caepuliformis, enigma, favus, floridana (Eumayria), rubida. See Weld 405. Pe eeimbiaiiim: socket ek sks eee contorta, corallosa, humilis, nebulosa, terrestris. See radicola. Perhaps maxima. race 2 SL caepuliformis, enigma, favus, floridana (Eumayria), ovata. Seer ARMR AS SOR en AA) 4S Os 8 eR me RST SPS Oe rhizoxenus. See acetabula. eyolutanat:=2 <2 5022 fans rro2 Oe eee neneer ses: caepuliformis, floridana (Eumayria). @virgimiana: 22222 2:22° fossoria, kinseyi, treatae, virens. See nebulosa, Weld 408. Gowishraent*<-s 223242 eet eae ee sae see: She apicalis. See Weld 1501. Gv specied in Utaly and Colorado: 2:5 2202ttt <2 20 oc eee pumiliventris, Q: apectos@@ Mexico...) ..-....cserepees os~ se sh scnsc se eee eee championi. NEW MOLLUSKS FROM CAMAGUEY AND SANTA CLARA PROVINCES, CUBA. By CariLos pE LA TorRE, Of the University of Havana, and JoHn B. HENDERSON, Of Washington, District of Columbia. The new mollusks herein described are of the genera Opisthosiphon and Hutudora only, and are all from the Cubitas range of mountains in Northern Camaguey or from certain detached portions of the system lying to the east near the boundary line of the Oriente Province, or to the west, near, or just over, the boundary line of the Santa Clara Province. New species of other genera from the same general region will be published in a forthcoming paper, when a full discussion of the notable features of this somewhat isolated faunula may more properly be presented. A brief description of the Sierra de Cubitas has, however, already appeared.’ A few species of the Urocoptidae from this region have been described, and these will be included in . the forthcoming paper referred to. But one species of Opisthosiphon ? of this region has heretofore appeared in print, and that one is herein republished in order to complete this list of the Annulartidae. As one of the genera and two of the subgenera to which all these new species are referred are of so recent creation, it may be well to refer to their descriptions in the Proceedings of the United States National Museum (vol. 58, pp. 49-82). The subgenus Opisthosiphon includes species of the genus Opisthosiphon destitute of spiral sculpture outside of the umbilical walls,the typical subgenus admitting these species possessing spiral sculpture on the spire of the shell even though obsolete. The genus Hutudora includes species with a typical Tudoroid operculum but having some form of breathing device to enable the animal to obtain air when the aperture is closed by withdrawal of the operculum. The subgenus Hutudorops includes members of Eutudora that possess an axial sculpture rendered wavy or articulate by more or less obsolete spiral cords. 1 Nautilus, vol. 29, No. 2, p. 17, June, 1915. 2 OQ. berryi Clapp, Nautilus, vol. 32, No. 3, p. 86, January, 1919. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59—No. 2369. 247 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 59, The following are the species of these groups so far known from the region in question: Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) berryi Clapp. Opisthosiphon (Opisthostphona) berryt berryi Clapp. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona)berryi semiapertum, new subspecies. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) paredonense, new species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) paredonense paredonense, new subspecies. « Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) paredonense transitorium, new subspecies. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) obturatum, new species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) obturatum obturatum, new sub- species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) obturatum subobturatum, new sub- species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) obiuratum banaoense, new sub- species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) apertum, new species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) dalli Torre and Henderson. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) bioscat, new species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthostiphona) bioscai bioscar, new subspecies. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) bioscai tersum, new subspecies. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) salustit, new species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) evanidum, new species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) evanidum evanidum, new subspecies. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) evanidum degeneratum, new sub- species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) occultum, new species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphon) protractum, new species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphon) judasense, new species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphon) detectum, new species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphon) obtectum, new species. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphon) obtectum obtectum, new subspecies. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosvphon) obtectum tenurcostum, new subspecies. Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphon) lamellicostatum, new species. Eutudora (Eutudorops) paradoxum, new species. OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) BERRYI Clapp. Opisthosiphon berryi Cuarp, Nautilus, vol. 32, No. 3, 1919, p. 86, pl. 7, fig. 14. Plate 38, figs. 1+. Shell longitudinally finely plicate, ochraceous buff, encircled with a broad chocolate-brown band on the periphery of the last whorl and on the lower half of the earlier whorls; slightly shining; decollated. Suture deep, crenate, four or five spiral ridges appearing on the umbilical region. Remaining whorls four, very convex. Aperture No. 2369. NEW MOLLUSKS FROM CUBA—TORRE AND HENDERSON. 249 vertical, circularly oval; peristome white, double; the inner, a brief continuation of the whorl; the outer, on the right side, smooth, slightly expanded, at the suture broadly expanded and excavated over the breathing tube, adnate to the penultimate whorl; columellar margin expanded horizontally above in a broad flange adnate to the penultimate whorl, a large lobe curving over and nearly covering the umbilical region, interrupted below by a broad sinus where the lip is abruptly reflexed and attached to the whorl, a smaller lobe ex- panded horizontally below. A minute breathing pore within the aperture near the posterior angle connects with a tube, somewhat concealed in the expanded and excavated lip, which, curving back to the suture, descends and ends in the narrow space between the ultimate and penultimate whorls. Numerous strong raised lamellae mostly originating on the inner lip, but occasionally extending along the parietal lip, cover that portion of the tube visible within the lip. Operculum as in Opisthosiphon pupoides Morelet. Type.—tIn the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cat. No. 42005. It was collected by Dr.S.S. Berry at Cairije, Cerro de Tuabaquey, Province Camaguey, Cuba, and measures: Length, 13.5 mm.; greater diameter, 9 mm.; lesser diameter, 7.3 mm.; alti- tude of aperture, 4.7 mm.; width of aperture, 4mm. A paratype from the same locality is in Doctor Berry’s collection. It measures: Length, 14.5 mm.; greater diameter, 9.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 7.5 mm.; altitude of aperture, 5.5 mm.; width of aperture, 4.3 mm. OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) BERRYI BERRYI Clapp. Plate 38, figs. 1-4. This, the typical subspecies, is characterized by the greater ex- pansion of the peristome which completely conceals the umbilicus. It appears to be confined to the locality given for Mr. Clapp’s type. OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) BERRYI SEMIAPERTUM, new subspecies. Plate 38, figs. 5-8. The rather solid shell is ovate conic with open umbilicus partially concealed by the inner expansion of the peristome; decollated, leaving three and a half to four convex whorls. The color is ochraceous buff to very light yellow or straw—(a) unicolor, (6) with a single narrow or broad band of chestnut, (c) with several revolving rows of small rufous spots. The suture is deeply impressed and more or less ir- regularly crenulate by the thickening of the axial lirae into hollow white bulbs, becoming larger and more prominent on the summit of the last whorl, especially near the aperture. The sculpture con- sists of axial lirae, more widely spaced upon the earlier whorls, but quite densely disposed upon the last whorl. Within the umbilical region are five or six low cords crossed by the axial threads. The 250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. vertical aperture is ovate, pointed above. The peristome is double consisting of an inner peritreme but slightly produced, and an outer peritreme moderately expanded on the outer margin but considerably so on the inner, where it is recurved and bent back partially to conceal the umbilicus and then becoming adnate to the penultimate whorl, it again expands above the aperture into a deeply laminated pointed extension and bent back from the plane of the aperture. From this upper expansion and back of it projects a siphonal tube, which ex- tends downward between the last and penultimate whorls and opens into the umbilical space. This tube communicates with the interior of the last whorl through the opening just back of the aperture in the upper angle of the whorl. The operculum is normal. Type.—Cat. No. 314945, U.S.N.M., a female specimen, comes from the Circulo cave in the Province of Bindu Cuba, and measures: Length, 13 mm.; greater diameter, 9 mm.; lesser diameter, 7 mm.; length of aperture within, 5 mm.; width of aperture within, 3.5 mm. Measurements of other specimens are as follows: Male, length, 9.75 mm.; greater diameter, 8.1 mm.; lesser diameter, 5.75 mm.; length of aperture within, 4 mm.; width of aperture within, 3 mm. Female, length, 16.5 mm.; greater diameter, 11.25 mm.; lesser di- ameter, 8.75; length of aperture within, 6 mm.; width of aperture within, 5 mm. Specimens were collected in the following localities in the Province of Camaguey, Cuba: Cerro de Tuabaquey, El] Cercado, San Francisco, Cueva del Circulo, La Loma, Corral de Cairije, Los Cangilones, etc., all in the eastern part of the Sierra de Cubitas, by Biosca, Torre, Henderson, Simpson, Sifontes, and Salustio Garcia. This species was first found by Federico Biosca, professor of natural history in the Institute of Camaguey. This subspecies differs from the typical subspecies chiefly in the lesser expansion of the peristome over the umbilicus and in its greater color variation. OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) PAREDONENSE, new species. Plate 38, figs. 9-11. The shell is oblong-ovate, quite solid, umbilicated, truncated, leaving three and a half to four convex whorls. The last whorl is solute for a distance of about two millimeters. The suture is deep and irregularly crenulate. The color range is from a pale russet to purplish brown, sometimes unicolored, but generally encircled below the periphery by a band of dark purple. The sculpture consists of axial threads more widely spaced upon the early postnuclear whorls and increasing in number upon the succeeding whorls. On the last whorl the riblets are densely crowded (eight to nine to one millimeter). No. 2369. NEW MOLLUSKS FROM CUBA—TORRE AND HENDERSON. 251 At the summit of the whorls, just below the suture, many of the riblets are expanded into hollow bulbs, often several meeting to form one bulb. Spiral sculpture consists only of about twelve low cords within the umbilical region. The aperture is vertical, oval, somewhat pointed above; the peristome is duplex, the inner peritreme is not produced; the outer peritreme is but slightly expanded, evenly so all around in the typical form, not so in another subspecies; above the posterior angle of the aperture the expanded peristome is gathered into a triangular projection ending in a short siphonal tube, which curves backward and then toward the penultimate whorl. The tube communicates with the interior of the shell at a point just back of the aperture in the posterior angle. Operculum typical. Type measure- ments are given under subspecies. OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) PAREDONENSE PAREDONENSE, new subspecies. Plate 38, figs. 9-11. This, the typical subspecies, is characterized by the even expansion of the peristome about the aperture. It never touches the whorl above. Type.—A female specimen, Cat. No. 314946, U.S.N.M., comes from Los Paradones, Camaguey Province, Cuba. It measures: Length, 10.75 mm.; greater diameter, 9.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 7 mm.; length of aperture within, 5.5 mm.; width of aperture within,4mm. Another specimen, a male, measures: Length, 10.75 mm.; greater diameter, 8.15 mm.; lesser diameter, 6.7 mm.; length of aperture within, 4.5 mm.; width of aperture within, 3.8 mm. Representatives of this subspecies come from Camaguey Province, Cuba at Los Paradones, a narrow pass through the Cubitas range of mountains. They were collected by Salustio Garcia, Pablo Sifontes, Torre, Henderson, and Simpson. OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) PAREDONENSE TRANSITORIUM, new subspecies. Plate 39, figs. 1-2. A subspecies distinguished from the typical subspecies by reason of the uniformly greater expansion of the peristome on the inner side. This is not, however, carried to the extent sufficient to conceal the umbilicus, but it does touch or impinge upon the next whorl above. All other features are identical. Type.—Cat. No. 314947, U.S.N.M., is from the entrance of La Guanaja or Paso del Este, in the Cubitas Mountains, Camaguey Province; Cuba, and measures: Length, 11.8 mm.; greater diameter, 8.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 6.75 mm.; length of aperture within, 4.5 mm.; diameter of aperture within, 3.5mm. It is a female specimen. Male specimens are smaller. Fe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) OBTURATUM, new species. Plate 39, figs. 3-6. The shell is ovate-conic, decollated, thin but solid, umbilicus either entirely closed by an affixed and adnate expansion of the peristome or partially so by a less expanded peristome. The color is of a light ' straw to dark russet, unicolored or with one dark chestnut band; none are dotted. Whorls are convex with a deeply impressed suture which is crenulated by the thickening of alternate lirae into hollow white bulbs. The last whorl is adnate or slightly solute. The sculpture consists of axial threadlike riblets which are not increased in number upon the later whorls, there being about four to each millimeter. Spiral sculpture is confined to about four or five low cords within the umbilical region. These are not apparent in perfect specimens where the umbilicus is hidden by the peristome expansion. The aperture is vertical, oval, and slightly arched above. The double peristome is white. The inner peritreme is not projecting but slightly recurved over the outer peritreme. The latter is ex- panded all around, evenly and regularly so on the outer side. On the inner side it abruptly curves down to close completely or partially the umbilicus and to cover a space along the penultimate whorl. Finally, above the posterior angle of the aperture it again expands into a concave triangular-shaped projection which is a part of and supports a siphon which bends back and down to terminate in the suture just back of the aperture. The surface of the expanded outer peritreme is concentrically ribbed, most prominently so in the triangular pro- jection above. The operculum is normal, but shows an individuality in that the calcareous portion does not reach to the edge of the basal horny plate. A tendency is also shown in the slight raising of the edges of the lamellae to suggest the Annularia structure. Three subspecies are indicated: OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) OBTURATUM OBTURATUM new subspecies. Plate 39, figs. 3-6. This, the typical subspecies, is characterized by the extreme expan- sion of the peristome which completely covers and seals the umbilicus and becomes adnate to the adjoiming whorl. The last whorl is not solute. Type.—Cat. No. 314948, U.S.N.M., is from Paso de Lesca (or Cocinas) in the Sierra de Cubitas, Camaguey Province, Cuba. It measures: Length, 15 mm.; greater diameter, 10 mm.; lesser diam- eter, 8.5 mm.; length of aperture within, 6 mm.; diameter of aper- ture within, 4 mm. It is a female specimen. Taken also at the Paso de la Escalera near Ermita Vieja in the same range of hills, by Torre, Henderson, and Simpson. No. 2369. NEW MOLLUSKS FROM CUBA—TORRE AND HENDERSON. 2538 OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) OBTURATUM SUBOBTURATUM, new subspecies. Plate 39, figs. 7-11. This subspecies differs from the typical form in that the umbilicus is not wholly closed nor concealed by the expansion of the peristome and in that the last whorl is shortly solute. The color is generally dark and shows a tendency in some specimens to a single narrow dark band. Type.—A female, Cat. No. 314949, U.S.N.M., was collected by Torre, Henderson, and Simpson in the cave of Los Indios in the District of Banao, western part of the Cubitas range, Province of Camaguey, Cuba, and measures: Length, 13.9 mm.; greater diameter, 8.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 7.5 mm.; length of aperture within, 4.6 mm.; diam- eter of aperture within, 3.75 mm. OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) OBTURATUM BANAOENSE, new subspecies. This form resembles the typical subspecies in having the umbilicus wholly sealed over by the expanded peristome, or, if not actually sealed and closed thereby, at least wholly covered and concealed. The only persistent difference is one of size, specimens of this form being uniformly smaller. As in Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) obturatum, shells are usually banded. The color of the tip and first nepionic whorl is reddish. Type.—Cat. No. 314950, U.S.N.M., was collected by Torre near Banao, in the western part of the Cubitas range, Camaguey Prov- ince, Cuba, and measures: Length, 11.75 mm.; greater diameter, 8.75.mm.; lesser diameter, 7.4 mm.; length of aperture within, 4.9 mm., diameter of aperture within, 3.4 mm. OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) APERTUM, new species. Plate 40, figs. 1 and 3. The shell is ovate-conic, rather solid, umbilicated, decollated, narrowly truncated, leaving four convex whorls, the last being shortly solute. The color is usually a pale straw of bright luster, but some specimens are darker even to rich wine color. The lighter tinted shells have a narrow reddish brown sub-peripheral band. The sculpture consists of fine axial threads, more widely spaced and ele- vated upon the earlier postnuclear whorls, but more crowded and flatter on the last whorl. Most of the axial threads are expanded into very minute white bulbs at the suture, forming an inconspicuous uregular crenulation. Spiral sculpture confined to nine to ten low inconspicuous cords within the umbilicus. The aperture is vertical, oval, and obtusely pointed above. The double peristome has the inner peritreme scarcely projecting, and the outer peritreme but slightly expanded on the right, but somewhat more so on the left or inner side, though not reflected over the umbilicus nor sufficiently 254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. extended to touch the adjoining whorl. Above the posterior angle of the aperture the peristome forms a triangular projection merging into a siphon which recurves and points back toward the adjacent whorl, though not usually forming a contact with it. The siphon communicates with the interior of the shell by a hole just within the aperture. The operculum is typical. Type.—A female specimen, Cat. No. 314951, U.S.N.M., was col- lected by Torre at Paso de Lesca in the Cubitas Mountains, Camaguey Province, Cuba, and measures: Length, 12.8 mm.; greater diameter, 9.75 mm.; lesser diameter, 7.4 mm.; length of aperture within, 5 mm.; width of aperture within, 4 mm. A male specimen from the same locality measures: Length, 10.9 mm.; greater diame- ter, 9 mm.; lesser diameter, 6.4 mm.; length of aperture within, 4 mm.; width of aperture within, 3.5 mm. This species is characterized by its open umbilicus, moderate expansion of the peristome, inconspicuous sutural crenulation, and its shining surface. OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) DALLI Torre and Henderson. Plate 40, figs. 2, 8, 9. Opisthosiphon dalli Torre and Henprrson, A New Opisthosiphon from Cuba. Privately published June 25, 1920. Opisthosiphon (O pisthosiphona) dalli HENDERSON and Bartscu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 68, 1920. The shell is turbinate, solid, widely umbilicated, with the apex decollated, leaving three and a half to four convex whorls, the last being solute for a short distance, and carinated at the summit of the solute portion. The shell is of a pale brown color without trace of either bands or spots, the apical portion being conspicuously light reddish. The sculpture consists of densely crowded axial threads which are somewhat more distantly spaced upon the earlier post- nuclear whorls. Some of these axial threads are very minutely expanded into denticles at the summit, but not sufficiently so to lend a crenulated appearance to the deeply impressed sutures. ‘The spiral sculpture consists of about ten or twelve low rounded cords within the umbilicus. The vertical aperture is roundly oval with a posterior angle. The peristome is not obviously double as the inner peritreme is but slightly expanded and reflected over and appressed to the outer. The outer peritreme is but slightly expanded on the outer side; on the inner side it is flatly expanded, though not sufficiently so to cover any portion of the umbilicus, nor more than sufficient barely to touch the preceding whorl. At the posterior angle of the aperture the peristome extends into an upward expansion forming an open siphonal tube. The operculum is typical of the genus. Type.—Cat, No, 314941, U.S.N.M., is from the cave of El Circulo, No. 2369. NEW MOLLUSKS FROM CUBA—TORRE AND HENDERSON. 255 Measurements are: Length, 12.5 mm.; major diameter, 11.5 mm.; minor diameter, 8.75 mm.; length of aperture, 5.5 mm.; width of aperture, 4.5 mm. This species is found at Camaguey Province, Cuba, on rocks about the entrance of La Cueva del Circulo in the eastern portion of the Cubitas Mountains. This very handsome species is easily distinguished by its hard polished old-ivory surface which, to the naked eye, seems to be sculptureless and smooth, by its globose shape and relatively greater proportion of breadth to length, and, finally, by its reddish tip and entire lack of color bands or spots. OPISTHOSIPHON (OPISTHOSIPHONA) BIOSCAI, new species. Plate 40, figs. 4 and 6. The shell is ovate-oblong, rather thin but strong; apex decollated, leaving three and a half to four moderately convex whorls, the last being very slightly solute. The umbilicus is (@) almost wholly closed or (b) partially so by an expansion of the inner peristome. ‘The color is of a very light straw ranging through slightly darker yellowish tints to an amber or wine color. A series of brown spots encircles all the whorls, there being five such series on the last whorl of the holotype, but as many as eight in some specimens. In no instance are there solid color bands. The sculpture consists of axial thread- like riblets somewhat arched forward below the suture and never quite regularly disposed. In the typical subspecies these riblets are coarser (five to the millimeter) and these are partially effaced in the middle portion of the whorls, especially on the last two. In another subspecies the axial threads are finer (ten to the millimeter) and are not effaced. At the sutures, which are deeply impressed, most of the riblets, either singly or in tufts, form hollow white bulbs projecting up to touch the next whorl above, thus irregularly crenulating the sutures. GS id pian? 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FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 344 NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. By Wriir1am ScHaus, Assistant Curator of Insects, United States National Musewm. The species described from Cuba, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, British and French Guiana were collected by Mr. John T. Barnes and myself during our visits to those countries; those described from Argentina were received from Don Pedro Jorgensen and some very interesting new species have recently been received from Mr. Julius Arp, of Rio de Janeiro. My description is made from a single speci- men marked ‘‘type’”’. Where specimens from different localities are mentioned the first locality is that of the type. Family ARCTIIDAE. Subfamily LITHOSIINAE. AGYLLA ARTHONA, new species. Male.—Antennae brown. Palpi, throat, and legs orange, the mid- tarsi black in front. Frons black. Vertex white, between antennae orange. Tegulaewhitishgray. Thorax white. Abdomen pale ocher- ous gray, terminally and laterally yellow. Fore wings silvery white, the costa orange. Hind wings thinly scaled, whitish gray. Fore wings below silky gray, the costa orange. Hind wings below white. Venation normal. Hxpanse.—35 rom. Habitat.—Purulha, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23350, U.S.N.M. Close to Agylla nivea Walker. CISTHENE LOCCEA, new species. Male——Antennae black. Head and body deep yellow. Legs black. Fore wings fuscous gray; medial and subterminal broad yel- low lines, the medial line almost vertical expanding slightly on costal and inner margins, the subterminal widest on costa, outcurved, close to margin from vein 5 to inner margin; the apical dark space rather PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59—No. 2372. 349 350 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. narrow. Hind wings deep yellow, the outer margin black, about 2.5 mm. wide. Underneath the medial line on fore wing is slightly broader; a black spot at base of costa on hind wing. Expanse.—27 mm. Habitat—Mazatenango, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23351, U.S.N.M. Near Cisthene menea Drury. ILLICE LINCEA, new species. Male.—Antennae black. Palpi and lower portion of frons yellow, head otherwise and thorax orange. Abdomen reddish. Legs whit- ish yellow, the tarsi tipped and banded with black. Fore wings orange; basal third of costa finely black; a black basal spot on costa, and an antemedial and postmedial black costal spot, beyond the latter the costa is more broadly black continuing around apex and along outer margin as a broad black line on cilia tipped with white and preceded by a white shade not reaching tornus; a black subterminal line before apical portion, and a black spot at middle of inner margin. Hind wings roseate orange; a black spot at apex. Wings underneath reddish, the markings as above, but there is no basal spot on costa of fore wing, the antemedial spot is very faint, and the postmedial spot suffuses with the black costal line. Expanse.—18 mm. Habitat.—Chejel, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23352, U.S.N.M. AFRIDA PURULHA, new species. Male.—Head, collar, and thorax white irrorated with black. Ab- domen brownish gray. Fore wings white; the basal third with a few black scales; medial space thickly irrorated with brown and fuscous limited by vertical black lines; terminal third with fewer irrorations except in space inclosed by a fine black postmedial line which is wavy and deeply outcurved from below costa to the vertical line at vein 2; cilia thickly mottled with black. Hind wings grayish white; faint traces of a pale brown medial line, and similar shading on termen. Fore wings below gray. Hind wings below white with some brownish rrorations forming vague medial and postmedial lines. — Expanse.—16 mm. Habitat.—Purulha, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23353, U.S.N.M. CLEMENSIA CHALA, new species. Male.—Palpi dark gray. Head, collar, and thorax grayish white. Abdomen gray; anal tufts ocher white. Fore wings gray white; costa grayer with four small fuscous spots from base to before middle of wing, the last above a fuscous line interrupted on subcostal, and No. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 351 from median to submedian, this line is preceded in cell by a large fuscous gray spot, and followed by a smaller black spot; an inter- rupted and irregular dark line crosses wing close to end of cell; a black spot on discocellular; postmedial fine, dentate from costa to vein 6, then macular, and irregular; some subterminal brownish gray shading chiefly opposite cell; terminal fuscous spots on interspaces; below cell a pale brown shade from beyond base to postmedial line where it merges with a large gray brown semicircular spot on inner margin; cilia white with dark spots at apex, and between veins 3 and 5. Hind wings white on costa and in cell, otherwise whitish gray, a dark spot on discocellular and faint darker terminal spots. Fore wings below fuscous, the apex and termen narrowly, the inner margin broadly whitish; a down turned crest of hairs in cell. Hind wings below white, a dark spot on discocellular and faint postmedial line on costal margin. Expanse.—18 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23354, U.S.N.M. CLEMENSIA REMIDA, new species. Female.—Head, collar, and thorax white irrorated with light brown. Abdomen fuscous gray, the anus white. Fore wings white irrorated with pale brown; base light brown limited by a fine dark brown line; the antemedial line, fine, dark brown, outcurved on costa and across cell, incurved below submedian, preceded by a rather broad dark brown curved shade and followed by a dark point in cell; a broad, irregular, pale brown postmedial shade, partly edged by dark brown lines and irrorated with dark brown, thickly so below end of cell, forming a fuscous brown spot; a dark line on discocellular; sub- terminally the irrorations form clusters at veins 4-6, and on costa; clusters of brown irrorations on cilia. Hind wings smoky gray. Expanse.—20 mm. Habitat.—Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23355, U.S.N.M. Near Clemensia brunneomedia Schaus. Family NOLIDAE. CELAMA COGIA, new species. Male.—Palpi brown laterally. Head, collar, thorax, and base of abdomen white; some dark irrorations on tegulae. Abdomen light gray. Fore wings: Base to beyond middle on inner margin and to before middle at costa pure white except costa which is brown and there are a few brown scales in cell; outer portion dark gray with faint brownish postmedial, subterminal, and marginal lines, the two latter with some fuscous irrorations and short black streaks on some 352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59. of the veins, the postmedial with more pronounced black streaks and spots; a dark brown and black streak on discocellular. Hind wings whitish gray. Fore wings below brownish gray, the veins darker; the inner margin whitish. Hind wings below whitish gray; veins and termen dark; a fait discocellular line; some brown irrorations on costal margin. Expanse.—14 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 23356, U.S.N.M. CELAMA RALPHIA, new species. Male.—Palpi brown. Head white, the vertex tinged with gray. Collar gray crossed by a brown linein front. Thorax brownish gray. Abdomen paler than thorax. Fore wings brownish gray, darkest terminally; a dark brown streak at base of costa; antemedial line very fine, interrupted, fuscous, outcurved, followed in cell by a round black spot; post-medial fine, punctiform, very slightly curved below costa, then inbent, coalescing on inner margin with a dark brown spot; subterminal dark points outbent from costa to vein 6, then parallel with termen; cilia with indistinct darker spots. Hind wings white, the termen narrowly and cilia tinged with gray brown. Expanse.—13 mm. Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23357, U.S.N.M. NOLA PARANA, new species. Female.—Palpi, head, collar, and thorax white, the latter with dorsal grayish shading and irrorations. Abdomen gray brown. Fore wings dull white with a few dark irrorations especially in and below cell; costa brown at base and medially mottled with fuscous; a very faint outcurved antemedial line; a dark gray-brown inbent shade from discocellular, expanding somewhat on inner margin, closely followed by the fine post-medial line which is outangled on costa, sinuous, and below vein 3 somewhat incurved; an irregular subter- minal line and terminal shade, both dark and grayish brown; cilia with dark spots. Hind wings mostly pale brownish gray, the inner margin whitish. Fore wings below fuscous. Hindwings below white with dark irrorations on costa and apex; a thick dark streak on discocellular. Expanse.—18 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana. Type.—Cat. No. 23358, U.S.N.M. NOLA JOANNA, new species. Male.—Palpi laterally dark brown. Head white. Collar and thorax white mottled with dark brown. Abdomen brownish gray. Fore wings white; base of costa streaked with fuscous brown; a NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 353 black point in cell followed by the antemedial line which is remote, almost medial, fine, evenly outcurved, almost obsolete below sub- median, defined by the fuscous brown shading following it which expands anteriorly forming a large triangular spot with its base on costa; postmedial very fine, and faintly marked, brown, outcurved around cell, vertical from vein 2 to-mner margin where it is preceded by a short curved line; termen and cilia fuscous brown. Hind wings dark gray. Hind wings below gray; costal margin broadly white with brown irrorations; a dark point on discocellular. Expanse.—11 mm. Habitat St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 28359, U.S.N.M. NOLA BARACOA, new species. Female.—Palpi laterally reddish brown. Head, collar, and thorax grayish white; frons with brown irrorations. Abdomen light gray, the base dorsally white. Fore wings grayish white; a large light brown spot on costa close to base; a small antemedial spot from which the line is fine, black, deeply outcurved, inbent to submedian, down bent below it, and in cell is followed by a brown spot; a medial spot on costa from which the postmedial fine, black, line is deeply out- curved, then deeply incurved below vein 38, and outbent toward tornus; a subterminal light brown, faint macular shade, somewhat irregular; similar terminal spots. Hind wings white terminally shaded with pale brown. Expanse.—15 mm. Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 23360, U.S.N.M. NOLA FOLGONA, new species. Female.—Palpi gray. Head white. Body gray; some white scal- ing at base of abdomen. Fore wings gray, sparsely irrorated with brown; a brown point on costa at base; antemedial inbent from costa near middle consisting of fuscous gray scales almost punctiform and with a distinct small dark spot in cell; postmedial punctiform, slichtly outcurved around cell, faintly incurved from vein 3 to inner margin; subterminal dark streaks on interspaces; terminal dark points. Hind wings whitish at base becoming pale brownish gray outwardly. Hind wings below with the white more extended. Expanse.—13 mm. Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 23361, U.S.N.M. NOLA SANTAMARIA, new species. Female.—Palpi and head white with a few black irrorations. Collar fuscous brown, the hind edge white. Thorax fuscous, the 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59—— 23 354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. patagia white with fuscous brown irrorations. Abdomen brownish with fine segmental white lines. Fore wings white irrorated with black; a black subbasal spot on costa with black points on either side; antemedial and medial spots on costa close together, a wavy black line from the former, slightly inbent, the latter with spots below it in cell; postmedial macular, black brown, with short black streaks on veins, curved around cell, broadly shaded on its inner side at cell and below it to inner margin with black brown; termen broadly shaded by black brown, the veins with black streaks cut by a fine white wavy subterminal line; cilia gray mottled with fuscous brown. Hind wings whitish gray, showing the markings of under side; the veins terminally somewhat darker. Fore wings below brownish gray. Hind wings below white; the costa irrorated with brown; a dark brown spot on discocellular; a brown postmedial line; a fine terminal brown line. Expanse.—20 mm. Habitat.—Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23363, U.S.N.M. The dark shading on inner side of postmedial line makes this species conspicuous even in worn specimens. NGLA RUBESCENS, new species. Female.—Palpi, head, collar, and thorax white irrorated with reddish brown. Abdomen gray with white segmental lines. Fore wings white irrorated with reddish brown; four large reddish brown costal spots from which blackish lines originate; base reddish brown; antemedial line fine, angular to just below cell, then obsolete; post- medial macular, evenly outcurved, down bent below vein 2, its inner edge broadly shaded with reddish brown; subterminal outbent on costa, then parallel with termen macular; termen reddish brown leaving a fine terminal white line; cilia gray cut by white scaling at veins. Hind wings fuscous gray; the basal half of costa white. Fore wings below fuscous gray the inner margin white. Hind wings below white, irrorated with brown chiefly on costa and termen. Expanse.—16 mm.; expanse of male 12 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23364, U.S.N.M. NOLA RECEDENS, new species. Female.—Palpi light brown. Head, collar, and thorax grayish white with a few light brown irrorations. Abdomen gray. Fore wings grayish white; costal margin from base to postmedial line shaded with brownish gray; antemedial line black, wavily dentate, interrupted, starting from subcostal, somewhat inbent below cell, preceded by a black point in cell, and three between cell and sub- median, followed in cell by a brownish gray spot which suffuses with NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 355 costal shade; postmedial line black, punctiform, only slightly out- curved, and inbent at veins, vertical below vein 2, preceded through- out by a brownish gray shade; subterminal shade fuscous, oblique from costa, and twice inset; terminal black spots; cilia white with fuscous spots. Hind wings fuscous gray. Hind wings below white, costa with dark irrorations; a dark spot on discocellular; termen tinged with gray.. Expanse.—19 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23365, U.S.N.M. NOLA CUBENSIS, new species. Female.—Head, collar, and thorax white shaded with light reddish brown. Abdomen brownish. Fore wings white; costal margin to beyond middle and cell reddish brown; a geminate, black ante- medial line, evenly outcurved and inbent to base of inner margin; a fine black medial line, well defined below cell where it is lunular; postmedial black, geminate, sinuously outbent from costa, curved across veins 4 and 3, and deeply inbent to vein 2, angled near the median line, and from there to inner margin it forms aslight outward curve; from the angle at vein 2 another black line is outcurved to near tornus, inbent on submedian with a slight outcurve below it; the subterminal is oblique from costa to near termen, inangled on vein 5, where a projecting line connects it with the outer postmedial line; it is then outcurved and is obsolescent below vein 3; some black scaling forms a vague terminal line. Hind wings whitish, the veins streaked with gray. Hind wings below white; some dark irrorations on costa; a vague postmedial, punctiform line; a faint discocellular mark. Expanse.—18 mm. Habitat.——Alto del Cedro; Baracoa, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 23366, U.S.N.M. Bears a strong resemblance to Roeselia bifiliferata Walker. NOLA ELSA, new species. Female.—Head, collar, and thorax white with a few brownish irrorations. Abdomen gray. Fore wings white with a few scattered dark irrorations; traces of antemedial and postmedial brownish lines; the raised tufts light brown, the outer spot surmounted by a triangular light brown costal spot; a faint subterminal line suffusing with two marginal series of short paired streaks. Hind wings whitish gray; a fine dark terminal line. Expanse.—12 mm. Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23367, U.S.N.M. The triangular costal spot is the most conspicuous character in determining this species. 356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59, NOLA TURBANA, new species. Male.—Palpi white, some brown shading laterally. Head, collar and thorax white, shoulders brown. Abdomen light brown. Fore, wings: A little more than the basal third white limited by a straight dark brown shade beyond which the wing is lighter brown; base of costal margin shaded with brown, except a white basal spot; fine white transverse lines on costal margin beyond middle; a black spot on discocellular; a fine black punctiform, postmedial line, deeply out- curved beyond cell. Hind wings whitish gray, becoming darker terminally; a dark line on discocellular. Fore wings below cell and vein 2 white, otherwise smoky gray. Hind wings below whitish gray; a round pale brown spot at end of cell. Expanse.—12 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23368, U.S.N.M. Near Nola habrophyes Dyar. NOLA MARIA, new species. Male.—Antennae with long pectinations. Head, collar, and thorax light gray. Abdomen brownish white. Fore wings light eray, with darker gray irrorations increasing terminally; lines ill defined, formed of irrorations; the antemedial outcurved, followed in cell by a black spot; a whitish tuft at end of cell; postmedial puncti- form, inbent from costa to vein 3, then inset to inner margin; some terminal dark spots, and terminal points on interspaces. Hind wings white, the cilia faintly tinged with brown. The underside without markings. Expanse.—18 mm. Habitat.—Volean de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23369, U.S.N.M. NOLA LIMONA, new species. Male.—Head, collar, thorax and base of abdomen white, palpi laterally dark brown; a transverse dark streak across middle of tegulae. Abdomen whitish gray. Forewings white with a few pale brown irrorations; traces of an antemedial, interrupted black line, followed by a small round pale brown spot in cell; postmedial curved around cell, almost vertical below vein 2, fine, black, barely defined on costal margin; a fine subterminal line outcurved below costa, inset at vein 5 and forming sagittate spots to inner margin; termen shaded with dark gray leaving a narrow terminal white line with black points on veins; basal half of cilia with gray spots. Hind wings white, the termen grayish. Forewings below gray, the inner margin white. Hind wings below white, the costal margin and apex gray, the inner margin white. Hind wings below white, the costal NO, 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 357 margin and apex gray wrorated with dark brown; the termen nar- rowly grayish. Expanse.—16 mm. Habitat—Banana River, Costa Rica, Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23370, U.S.N.M. NOLA YEGUA, new species. Female.—Palpi white laterally shaded with brown. Head, collar, and thorax white, the collar with some dark brown irrorations. Abdomen whitish with gray segmental shading. Forewings dull white with a few scattered dark scales; costal edge with dark brown spots; traces of a very fine antemedial line, inbent below cell; the raised tufts shaded with dark brown; a larger dark spot on costal margin medially. The postmedial line finely outcurved beyond cell, straight from vein 2 to inner margin, black-brown, partly punctiform; an irregular subterminal pale brown shade; termen shaded with very pale brown; indistinct terminal brownish points. Hind wings whitish at base, becoming pale grayish brown terminally. Wings below without markings except dark costal points on forewing. Expanse.—17 mm.; male 14 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23371, U.S.N.M. ROESELIA INGA, new species. Male—Head, collar, and thorax silvery white; palpi brown. Abdomen gray. Forewings silvery white; basal fourth of costa black; a large medial dark brown spot on costa, suffusing with a smaller spot in cell, all edged with black brown; from end of cell at vein 3 a fuscous vertical line to inner margin; a wavy subterminal brownish shade, preceded and followed on costa by a dark point; termen faintly tinged with gray. Hind wings whitish, the apex erayish, narrowing to anal angle. Forewings below fuscous gray. Hind wings below white with brown irrorations on costa; the apex grayish. Expanse.—18 mm. Habitat.—Carabaya, Peru. Type.—Cat. No. 23373, U.S.N.M. ROESELIA TRIAS, new species. Male.—Palpi brown tipped with white. Head, collar, and thorax white with a few dark irrorations. Abdomen silvery gray. Fore- wings silky whitish gray; a black brown antemedial line, slightly outcurved from subcostal to submedian; a V-shaped medial spot on costa continuing as an outbent line across cell, angled at vein 3, and inbent to inner margin, followed by a white line on discocellular; postmedial fine, black, deeply outbent along costa from medial spot, 358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. angled, thicker and obliquely down bent to vein 4, where it is fine, deeply incurved, and close to medial line from vein 3 to inner mar- gin; a wavy and interrupted dark subterminal line; a fine dark terminal line. Hind wings white; a faint brownish postmedial line, and a finer terminal line. Fore wings below silky gray brown. Hind wings below white; a dark spot on discocellular; a dark post- medial line and fine terminal line; some dark irrorations on costa. Expanse.—23 mm. Habitat.—Carabaya, Peru. Type.—Cat. No. 23374, U.S. N. M. Family NOCTUIDAE. PROTAGROTIS VENIPICTA, new species. Female.—Palpi black. Head and collar fuscous brown, the former mottled with ocherous hairs on vertex, the latter deeply fringed behind with ocherous. Thorax steel black with dark brown shad- ing in front. Abdomen black brown above, underneath black mottled with white. Fore wings dark brown, the lines fuscous brown, the veins steel gray irrorated with blueish white; a subbasal line shaded on either side with ocherous on costa; antemedial line very fine, outbent on costa, incurved in cell, vertical below it, pre- ceded by an ocherous shade on costa; a faint round ocherous orbicu- lar spot; reniform very indistinct, paler brown with a few orange scales; postmedial outcurved below costa and inbent to inner mar- gin, almost punctiform, geminate, preceded from vein 3 to inner margin by a straight dark line; some ocherous shading on post- medial below costa; subterminal close to postmedial consisting of black spots between the veins; a fine terminal black line. The wings are iridescent, so the dark shadings seem to suffuse. Hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings below fuscous with a fringe of long fine downturned hairs on costa; cilia brown with fuscous shad- ing. Hind wings below fuscous gray, the apical half above vein 4 whitish with dark postmedial and subterminal lines; a dark discal point; termen narrowly whitish. Expanse.—35 mm. Habitat.—V olcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23375, U.S. N. M. ERIOPYGA CARNEITINCTA, new species. Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and legs grayish clay color, the palpi laterally fuscous. Abdomen above dull fuscous; anal tufts and long lateral tufts brownish ocher. Fore wings silky lilacine gray thinly irrorated with black; costal margin to postmedial, end of cell, and an incurved shade from termen below apex to vein 3 reddish brown; reniform indistinct, pale reddish brown with a small fuscous NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 359 gray spot at origin of veins 3 and 4; antemedial black points on veins; postmedial outangled on costa then slightly inbent to inner margin consisting of black points on veins, inwardly white edged on veins 2, 3, 4; termen shaded with brown; black terminal points on interspaces. Hind wings fuscous gray, the veins darker. Wings below whitish; costal margins pale flesh color with darker irrora- tions; dark discal points and a punctiform postmedial line; terminal black points; the disk of fore wings shaded with fuscous gray. Expanse.—35 mm. Habitat—Purulha, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23376, U.S.N.M. HYDROECIODES MARCONA, new species. Female.—Head and thorax black. Collar fuscous brown fringed behind with light brown tipped hairs. Abdomen fuscous brown with transverse black shades and irrorated with some gray scales. Fore wings dark silky brown, the medial space and termen shaded with fuscous; lines fine, black, the basal and antemedial lines preceded by slightly paler brown shading; the postmedial outcurved, lunular, the lunules filled in with paler brown; the subterminal line dentate. Orbicular and reniform white, the orbicular containing a cinnamon brown. spot, the reniform which is medially constricted contaiming a cinnamon brown line. Hind wings fuscous. Wings below fuscous, the hind wings with some whitish shading below cell and along inner margin; a black streak on discocellular; a black medial and fainter postmedial line. Expanse.—35 mm. Habitat.—Volean de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23377, U.S.N.M. HYDROECIODES RITARIA, new species. Female.—Palpi dark gray above, ocherous below. Head, collar, and thorax purplish brown. Abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wings dark red, the extreme costa and veins, also postmedial shades from veins 2-5, grayish black; base of wing bright yellow crossed by a lunular red subbasal line; antemedial line fuscous, lunular, preceded by some yellow scales on costa and below cell; a vague dark medial line; postmedial line dark, wavy, very slightly outcurved; a sub- terminal series of black points, followed by yellow scaling, chiefly from vein 4 to costa; orbicular a small round yellow spot; reniform yellow irrorated with red and edged below with white; cilia fuscous brown. Hind wings dark silky brown, the cilia pale. Expanse.—28 mm. Habitat—Volean de Santa Maria, Guatemala; Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 23378, U.S.N.M. 360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL, 59. CIRPBIS VELVA, new species. Male——Head, collar, and thorax grayish purple; the patagia dorsally mottled with pale reddish. Abdomen grayish; anal tufts yellowish. Fore wings: Costal margin grayish purple with black irrorations; inner margin, a shade below end of cell and between veins 2 and 3, where it is joined by an oblique shade from termen below vein 7, also grayish purple with black irrorations; cell, below it basally, and postmedial space otherwise mottled yellow and red; termen reddish suffused with grayish purple; a small white streak on median at veins 3 and 4; postmedial black points on veins; ter- minal black points on interspaces; cilia iridescent reddish or gray; cilia on inner margin white. Hind wings thinly scaled, white. Fore wings below roseate white, the termen and costa lilacine gray with black irrorations; a black point on costa before apex; terminal biack points. Expanse.—33 mm. Habitat —Chejel, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23379, U.S.N.M. Near C. pyrastis Hampson. CIRPHiIS MACOYA, new species. Male.—Palpi, head, collar, and thorax ocherous gray. Abdomen whitish gray with black irrorations; the last two segments grayer dorsally; anal tufts ocherous yellow. Fore wings ochreous gray with scattered irrorations; the cell, a streak below it, intervenal streaks and either side of submedian, also veins beyond cell finely edged with pale reddish brown; the termen with grayish suffusions at tornus and from above vein 4 to vein 7; a fine black streak in cell along me- dian terminating in a black point at discocellular; a large black spot between veins 3 and 5 atcell; postmedial black points on veins, and terminal black points on interspaces. Hind wings white, terminal black points except at anal angle. Fore wings below ocherous white; a black point on costa before apex; black terminal points, more con- spicuous on hind wing. Expanse.—85 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23380, U.S.N.M. Near Cirphis jaliscana Schaus. CIRPHIS CHEJELA, new species. Male.—Palpi purplish gray. Frons brown with a darker trans- verse shade. Vertex, collar, and thorax lilacine gray; a dark trans- verse line on collar; a few black irrorations on patagia. Abdomen ocherous white, the subdorsal hairs on basal half white. Fore wings: The veins, a streak on costal margin, and one between median and NO, 2872. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 861 submedian, white finely edged with pale brown; fine brown streaks edged with white in cell, below median, above submedian and between veins from cell; a faint oblique whitish shade from termen below apex to vein 5; the brown intervenal lines beyond cell partly darker; a black point in end of cell close to discocellular at vein 5; postmedial black points on veins 2 and 5; terminal black points on interspaces; cilia light brown tipped with white. Hind wings thinly scaled, white. Fore wings below whitish, the costa tinged with ocherous and irro- rated with black; a fuscous streak below costa from before end of cell to some indistinct postmedial points; terminal black points. Expanse.—36 mm. Habitat.—Chejel, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23381, U.S.N.M. Near C. multilinea Walker. TRACHEA? MANCILLA, new species. Female.—Palpi and head brown. Collar brown fringed with white. Thorax brown with large white patches on patagia. Abdomen above dark grayish brown shaded with white at base; whitish segmental lines; underneath whitish irrorated with brown. Fore wings chiefly dull fuscous brown broken into large spots finely edged with white; base narrowly white crossed by a black line; an antemedial greenish white fascia bifurcating on costa, and toward inner margin rather diffused below cell, followed in cell by a black orbicular spot; reni- form large, linear, fuscous brown; postmedial almost vertical, ex- panding at vein 5, inclosing a small triangular spot and followed by two large spots, the upper one almost quadrate from vein 6 to costa, the lower spot from vein 5 to inner margin, outbent to near termen at vein 4, constricted at vein 2, then expanding to tornus; some fus- cous brown subterminal spots; termen pale brown; terminal triangular dark brown spots; cilia long, dark gray, broadly tipped with white. Hind wings dark silky brown; outer half of cilia white. Hind wings below whitish thickly irrorated with brown; a dark discal spot and post medial line. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—Guatemala City. Type.—Cat. No. 23382, U.S.N.M. HETEROCHROMA CELESTINA, new species. Female.—Palpi ocherous streaked with brown laterally. Head, collar, and thorax ocherous brown; some black brown irrorations on tegule. Abdomen ocherous irrorated with brown. Fore wings: Basal third lavender gray with some cinnamon shading on its outer edge, the base crossed by a vivid green dentate line edged with black from costa to submedian, followed below cell by some cinnamon shad- ing; the basal space is followed by a narrow green fascia divided by a 362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. fine wavy black brown line from subcostal vein to inner margin; medial space otherwise mostly light brown; a green lunule in cell and one below it edged with black on either side: the outer edging of cel- lular lunule forming an anular spot with brown center, which is again followed by a green line and a black streak which precedes the lunular whitish line on discocellular; a green spot on costa above discocel- lular; postmedial line fine, black, outcurved, and deeply lunular be- tween the veins, inwardly shaded with lavender gray; the veins are broadly lavender gray to the postmedial line; terminal space brown before the subterminal line which is a vivid green, narrowing between veins 3 and 4 and expanding to tornus at inner margin; termen toward apex ocherous brown. Hind wings fuscous. The cilia whitish ocher. Wings below whitish, the disk of fore wings suffused with fuscous gray; hind wings with a large discal ano and a fine lunular brown line. Expanse.—32 mm. Habitat.— Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23383, U.S.N.M. HETEROCHOMA ROLLIA, new species. Female.—Palpi fuscous brown fringed with reddish brown. Head, collar, and thorax purple mottled with fuscous brown; a transverse green line on collar; a green streak on patagia; green tips to posterior tufts on thorax. Abdomen bright reddish brown, shaded with pale greenish ocher at base. Body underneath dull red, the legs ocherous. Fore wings: Costa finely purple brown, and below it to subcostal pale green; base narrowly purple brown; subbasal paired black streaks outbent on costa, inbent below cell, and outset and inbent on inner margin, divided by green streaks, and outwardly scaled with green; antemedially the cell is brown, darker brown below cell to inner margin, followed in cell and on inner margin by small green dark edged spots, and below cell by a large green spot crossed by a dark line inwardly, and outwardly edged by a dark line, the costa above being crossed by two black lines; a black brown spot in end of cell crossed by two green lines, followed by a lilacine shade with a dark line on discocellular; a llacine horizontal streak from cell above vein 2, expanding to close above vein 3 and not reaching termen; below vein 2 to terminal space the wing is fuscous brown, with oblique green lines on inner margin and a vertical postmedial green line from vein to submedian; postmedial space above vein 4, crossed by an outbent green line from vein 8 to vein 6, followed by another green shade suffusing with the green costal margin; a green lunule across vein 5; a subterminal fuscous brown shade outwardly edged by a white line, interrupted at vein 5, and from close above vein 4 to vein 3, by a pale cinnamon brown shade; termen pale green with a crenulate terminal black line with large white spots at tips of veins; NO, 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 363 cilia yellow. Hind wings greenish white at base shading to brown on outer half; a wavy fuscous postmedial line; a terminal black line; cilia greenish white. Fore wings below silky brown, the inner margin greenish white; cilia pale green, tipped with black lunules on inter- spaces. Hind wings below greenish white, thickly irrorated with pale red except on base and inner margin; a large black discal spot; a minutely wavy fuscous postmedial line; a fine dark brown terminal line. Expanse.—48 mm. Habitat—Huancabamba, Peru. Type.—Cat. No. 23445, U.S.N.M. PERIGEA BAALBA, new species. Male.—Palpi laterally reddish brown fringed with gray in front. Head mottled brown and gray; a white shade between antennae. Collar reddish brown mottled with gray in front. Thorax gray white. Abdomen dark brown with a dorsal and segmental white lines. Fore wings grayish white; a little less than basal third on costa mottled dark and lighter brown, this color extending only a little below median vein and crossed by a gray basal line, limited by a fine black ante- medial line, oblique and curved below cell and upbent to a narrow oblique medial brown shade from costa, which crosses the end of cell to vein 3; reniform small mottled with brown, its inner edge pure white; a small brown spot on costa above reniform, from which a very in- distinct postmedial line is deeply outbent, curved, and vertical below vein 6; the line is fine, black, and well defined from veins 6—4-where it is followed to termen by a reddish brown shade, with a shorter similar streak above and below it on termen; a small brown postmedial spot below veins 2 and 3; brown points on costa before apex; terminal black points, largest on brown portion. Hind wings fuscous gray, the veins mostly darker. Fore wings below: The costa and termen reddish, the former with alternate white and dark spots on outer half; inner mar- gin white, disk grayish; cilia gray with reddish spots. Hind wings below: Costa and termen reddish, the latter broadly so at apex; wing otherwise white to termen before anal angle. Expanse.—88 mm. Habitat.—V olcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23384, U.S.N.M. PERIGEA PARISTA, new species. Female.—Palpi dark brown fringed with white. Head, collar, and thorax dark gray with some reddish brown shading. Abdomen above dull gray, underneath with large sublateral brown spots. Fore tarsi fuscous with white rings; midtarsi paler with fainter rings; hind tarsi and tibiae whitish with brown irrorations. Forewings: Veins slaty gray, irrorated with white on terminal third; a pale red streak above subcostal irrorated with darker red; basal third of wing in cell, below 364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. it, and on inner margin yellow mottled with red, limited by the antemedial dark red, lunular, line; a slaty gray shade across end of cell; medial space from cell to inner margin dark red shaded with slaty gray; reniform large, yellow, edged and crossed by red lines and with a small oblique white spot at vein 4; a yellow and red postmedial shade from vein 8 to vein 5 inwardly extended to reniform - between veins 5 and 6; a similar incurved shade from vein 3 to inner margin; from vein 2 to vein 5 a slaty gray space inclosing a series of subterminal dark red streaks in interspaces; terminally the veins are edged with slaty gray, leaving reddish brown streaks on interspaces; cilia brownish iridescent with dark gray shading. Hind wings whitish shaded with smoky gray on outer margin. Forewings below with the disk slaty gray, the costal and inner margins pale; a whitish orbicular point and a larger reniform spot. Hind wings below white, the costal and outer margins irrorated with pale reddish brown; a faint postmedial line on costal margins of both wings. Expanse.—29 mim. Habitat —Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23385, U.S.N.M. PHRUPHENA PROSELYTA, new species. Male.—Palpi and head dark brown with some white mottling. Collar and thorax cinnamon brown. Abdomen above fuscous, the dorsal tuft near base reddish brown. Body below whitish irrorated with brown; black, sublateral points; legs mottled brown and white. Forewings: Basal space and termen dark lilacine brown; a subbasal whitish line deeply inangled on median and again above submedian; basal space limited by a white antemedial line, outbent and slightly curved to middle of inner margin, its anterior part contiguous to a straight fuscous line, oblique to postmedial on inner margin; a red- dish shade medially in cell, and an oblique white line on costa above it from which the postmedial is sharply outbent along costa, curved and vertical beyond cell and faintly incurved below vein 3, fine, dark reddish brown, outwardly edged with white, but tinged with pale brown opposite cell; a similar line on discocellular followed by pale reddish brown to postmedial; some dark subterminal spots, the largest below costa; a terminal line and base of cilia dark brown; cilia tipped with white at interspaces. Hind wings fuscous brown; cilia white. Forewings below fuscous brown; inner margin white; costal margin to postmedial line whitish ocher irrorated with brown. Hind wings below white, the costal and outer margins tinged with roseate and thickly irrorated with brown; a dark discal point; an irregular dark brown lunular postmedial line. Expanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23386, U.S.N.M. NO, 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 3865 OGDOCONTA GAMURA, new species. Male.—Palpi, head, thorax, and fore wings purple brown with fine white irrorations. Abdomen with ocherous irrorations. Tarsi with yellowish white rings. Fore wings silky, the lines fine, darker brown; antemedial very indistinct, outcurved; orbicular and reni- form very large, simply outlined; the postmedial forming part of outer edge of reniform, inbent and straight below it, followed by a straight inbent line from costa to inner margin; terminal space darker; a lunular subterminal shade and indistinct oblique terminal lines; cilia fuscous gray irrorated with white. Hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings below fuscous gray, the veins terminally streaked with white; costal and outer margins irrorated with white. Hind wings below white thickly irrorated with purple brown; fine medial and postmedial lines, a faint subterminal shade; apex brown shaded. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23387, U.S.N.M. Nearest O. pulverulenta Schaus, but much darker. GONOSTYGIA JACOPA, new species. Female.—Head, collar, and thorax fuscous gray. Abdomen above fuscous, the basal segment whitish. Fore wings: Basal third ocherous green limited by a fine black dentate antemedial line and containing black streaks on costa, in cell, below cell, and on either side of submedian; medial space almost entirely suffused with black; a white orbicular point; a large white reniform spot; a fine black, wavy, postmedial line with ocherous green shading on either side; terminal space fuscous brown shaded with black subterminally; black and white spots on costa, some marginal greenish shading; terminal white points; cilia black, tipped with white at interspaces. Hind wings black shot with dark brown; a large opalescent white spot, not reaching base or inner margin, the costal and outer margins remaining broadly dark. Hind wings below black shot with brown, the white reniform spot larger than on upper side. Hind wings below with the white spot slightly larger. Expanse-—19 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23388, U.S.N.M. STIBADIUM MURISCA, new species. Female——Head, collar, and thorax gray mixed with dark-reddish brown hairs, the latter tipped with gray. Abdomen light gray. Fore wings light gray irrorated with brown, the veins whitish; a black spot at base; a black streak below cell to postmedial line; an antemedial small black spot on inner margin; traces of a pale line 366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 59. almost medial, followed by an annular whitish buff line in cell; a darker gray spot in end of cell; reniform large, defined by whitish- buff lines, meeting behind and containing a pale line on discocellular; postmedial line faint, pale, outcurved beyond cell, vertical from vein 2 to inner margin; a large brown black spot on costa before apex; a submarginal whitish line; cilia ocherous white. Hind wings whitish, the veins and outer margin grayish brown. Fore wings below fuscous gray; costal and inner margins narrowly ocherous white; a white submarginal line. Hind wings below whitish. Expanse.—46 mm. Habitat.—Guatemala City. Type.—Cat. No. 23389, U.S.N.M. BAGISARA LULUA, new species. Male.—Body and wings above ocherous, palpi whitish at base; frons partly whitish; thorax and base of abdomen below white; legs ocherous. Fore wings: Lines very fine, brownish, and indistinct; antemedial line almost vertical; postmedial line slightly outcurved, preceded by a faint brownish shade; subterminal line parallel with postmedial; termen faintly tinged with brown, and a narrow fuscous brown shade on termen and cilia from vein 4 to near tornus. Hind wings with some darker tinged hairs along inner margin. Wings below without markings. Expanse.—88 mm. Habitat.—Chejel, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23390, U.S.N.M. PARANGITIA MULATOR, new species. Male.—Palpi pale buff in front, laterally gray. Head gray. Col- lar and thorax pale brown; some black irrorations on tegulae. Ab- domen brown with dorsal and lateral fuscous shading anteriorly on each segment. Fore wings with the outer margins rounded, dark silky brown irrorated with buff between the lines, inner margin narrowly buff to postmedial line; an oblique black streak from base below cell; basal line inangled in cell, then outbent to antemedial which is wavy, defined by the pale mottling; postmedial black, macular, outcurved across an oblique dark brown shade from costa to termen; a fine black line on discocellular; apical space pale buff shading to brown at apex and with a short fuscous streak below vein 8; a pale brown, lunular, terminal line from vein 3 to tornus; cilia mostly black. Hind wings silky, dark purple brown; cilia with large black spots at interspaces, tipped with white. Wings below lighter brown, the disk of fore wing dark shaded, the hind wings with a dark outcurved postmedial line, and an interrupted dark terminal line. Expanse.—22 mm. Habitat.— Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23391, U.S.N.M. or NO, 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 367 PARANGITIA CORMA, new species. Male.—Palpi pale buff with some lateral fuscous shading. Head roseate buff with a medial black line. Collar, and thorax pale buff; a medial black brown line, a black point on tegulae, and the patagia tipped with black brown. Abdomen above light brown. Body underneath pale buff. Fore wings whitish buff, the space below cell to inner margin suffused with dark gray; the lines coarse, black; an oblique basal line from base of costa, outset in cell; antemedial line angled on subcostal, then down bent and not reaching inner margin, followed in cell by a small pale edged black spot; a medial line widened in cell, incurved below it around a pale buff spot, adjoining cell between veins 2 and 3, and not extending below vein 2; reniform large, irregular, black, finely edged with pale buff; postmedial irreg- ular, reaching inner margin, outwardly followed by a broad black brown shade from veins 2—5; subterminal space shaded with gray, with some dark streaks beyond cell; termen with some pale brownish shading and curved fuscous lines opposite cell and at tornus; cilia mottled black and brown. Hind wings fuscous brown; cilia whitish buff. Hind wings below with a postmedial row of black points. Expanse.—27 mm. Hatbitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23392, U.S.N.M. ANGITIA ESTHERA, new species. Female.—Body whitish ocher. Fore wings gray brown, the mark- ings black; base narrowly whitish ocher limited by an outbent basal line; antemedial interrupted, thick, forming a spot on costa and one below cell, otherwise less distinct; medial line outcurved, distinct as a spot on costa, and inbent line from vein 2 to inner margin; reni- form large, pale, outlined and crossed by a black line on basal side, and followed by a fuscous gray shade to postmedial; postmedial outcurved, wavy, distinct; terminal space from vein 2 to vein 10 fuscous, leaving the costa and a narrow apical space above vein 6 gray brown; below vein 2 a black spot edged with dark gray; an interrupted terminal black line not reaching apex; cilia pale grayish brown with black spots at tornus, from veins 3-5 and between veins 6 and 7. Hind wings fuscous brown, narrow terminal gray scaling; cilia pale grayish brown. Wings below with faint postmedial line and a fine black streak on discocellular of hind wing; disk of fore wing suffused with fuscous. Expanse.—25 mm. Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23393, U.S.N.M. ANGITIA CREPUSCULA, new species. Female.—Head, collar, and thorax mottled ocherous gray and fuscous brown. Abdomen fuscous gray; a pale ocherous shade 368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. dorsally on basal half divided by a black dorsal line; anal hairs light brown. Fore wings dark purplish gray; base below cell and inner margin narrowly brown; an irregular black antemedial line; a very irregular black postmedial, geminate, line, very indistinct on a broad fuscous brown shade from costa to vein 4, this shade out- bent to termen between veins 4 and 6; the apex whitish irrorated with gray, and with darker gray spots and a black streak above vein 7; a subterminal grayish line from vein 4 to inner margin beyond which the termen is dark; an interrupted terminal black line edged with grayish. Hind wings dark purplish brown; terminal triangular black spots; cilia ocherous white toward anal angle. Wings below brownish gray; a faint postmedial fuscous line, finely dentate on hind wing where there is also a black streak on discocellular; an interrupted terminal black line; cilia chequered ocherous white and fuscous brown. Expanse.—25 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23394, U.S.N.M. ANGITIA ANDREVIA, new species. Female.—Head, collar, and thorax pale lilacine ocher; some black brown scaling on vertex, collar, and patagia. Abdomen pale red- dish brown above with segmental black scaling at base. Fore wings: Base lilacine ocher edged by a dentate black line; space beyond fuscous brown faintly tinged with purple, limited by the postmedial outcurved black line; an antemedial black line inwardly edged with pale ocherous; a medial black line on costa; the postmedial closely followed by some black scaling forming a spot on costa; a fuscous shade from postmedial at vein 5 to termen, the apical space above this and from postmedial lilacine ocherous irrorated with gray and pale reddish brown; the space from close below vein 5 to inner margin beyond postmedial mottled lilacine ocherous and gray, crossed by a dentate subterminal line; an interrupted terminal black line; cilia light brown chequered with black. Hind wings fuscous brown; an interrupted terminal black line; cilia light brown with some fuscous spots. Wings below with medial and postmedial curved lines. EHxpanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23395, U.S.N.M. EUTELIA CHROMATICA, new species. Male.—Head, collar, and thorax lilacine brown, the collar with two fine transverse white lines. Abdomen lilacine brown with dorsal dark brown spots and tufts; a V-shaped white mark on basal half and white segmental lines on three basal segments; lateral gray patches at base, and lateral white spots at middle. Throat NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 369 dark brown, also base of fore femora; fore and midtarsi white; hind tibiae and tarsi white with brown spots. Fore wings: An ocherous brown spot at base and a similar shade between cell and vein 1 to antemedial line, the costa and inner margin dark brown, crossed by an inbent subbasal white line; antemedial line partly double, the first line deeply outcurved, interrupted in cell, followed on costal margin by a broad white shade to middle of cell, where it narrows and is connected with reniform by a fine white line, and contains on costa three dark points; the second line apparent from middle of cell, inset on vein 1 toward the first line; median vein from middle of cell and veins 2-4 white to postmedial line; medial and post- medial space mostly brown shaded with red on costa and above vein 1, where there is also a white spot; inner margin medially cream color and red; a red streak below vein 7 at curve of postmedial line; reniform red, elongated, partly edged with white; postmedial line white, deeply outcurved from vein 7 and almost subterminal, preceded by a fine black line from vein 6 to inner margin; a white line expanding on costa starts above the origin of the postmedial and is oblique to vein 7, then dentate and wavy to vein 2, then continuing as a fuscous shade to inner margin; a subapical white line from costa to termen at vein 5, leaves a triangular reddish costal spot and an elongate terminal grayish brown spot from apex to vein 4; a terminal silvery white line with three small black spots between apex and vein 5; some white lines on veins and diagonally break the subterminal space between veins 7 and 4 into spots; terminal space from vein 4 to tornus fuscous brown broadest between veins 3 and 4 and inwardly edged with white; subterminally there is a broad ocherous shade from vein 3 to inner margin. Hind wings: Basal half white; outer half fuscous shaded with red at anal angle; a dentate whitish lme from vein 3 to inner margin. Fore wings below white thickly shaded with fuscous, leaving a white streak on basal third of costa; the inner margin broadly white, and whitish shades on terminal third; a postmedial geminate black line, finely lunular beyond cell, and preceded between veins 6 and 8 by a roseate shade. Hind wings below white; a black spot at base of costa; a black discal point, termen broadly ocherous irrorated with brown, edged and crossed by finely wavy dark lines. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23396, U.S.N.M. CASANDRIA MYTHIAS, new species. Male.—Palpi and head white; a fuscous line across vertex. Collar, and thorax white thinly irrorated with dark scales. Abdomen silvery white mottled with gray. Fore wings and cilia silvery 27177—21—Proc,N.M,vol.59 — 24 870 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. white with fine black markings; a broken basal line; a lunular, out- curved, antemedial line, geminate below cell; a medial lunular line diverging at median and forming an irregular quadrate linear spot across cell, and not extending above the subcostal; an irregular post- medial line from costa to vein 3, followed by a black streak on costa; subterminal black spots or streaks on interspaces, the spot below vein 2 larger; terminal black spots. Hind wings whitish, semi- hyaline, the veins terminally fuscous; the termen shaded with fuscous brown. Wings below white; terminal half of fore wing shaded with fuscous; some fuscous shading terminally on hind wing. Expanse.—21 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23397, U.S.N.M. Allied to C. abzeusalis Walker. SAFIA SINALOA, new species. Male.—Palpi dark reddish mottled with whitish ocher in front, and less so laterally. Frons yellow brown. Vertex dark reddish brown. Collar and thorax fuscus brown, the tips of patagia broadly steel black. Abdomen above reddish brown with fuscous segmental lines, the basal segment steel black; laterally and underneath fuscous mottled with gray. Tarsi steel black with ocherous white rings. Fore wings: Basal third broadly very dark brown with blue scaling at base, and on submedian; a fine blue line antemedially, shaded on either side with fuscous brown; a basal and subbasal ocherous spot on costa, and a similar spot at origin of blue line; traces of a subbasal ocherous line; costa is steel black on basal third; medial and post medial space to sub- terminal line ocherous; two medial straight lines, reddish brown across cell, fuscous on costa and below cell, outbent and fainter on inner margin; reniform incurved, defined by grayish lines, inwardly shaded with reddish outwardly with white; the postmedial line starts from a conspicuous fuscous brown spot on costa, widest proximally and cut by a white line which is apparently the origin of the postmedial line, which is otherwise black, very fine, and interrupted, wavily down bent to vein 3, then upbent to reniform, wavily down bent, and faintly incurved to inner margin; from vein 7 a broad black line slightly sinuous extends to inner margin, followed below vein 5 by a dark red shade, deeply dentate between veins 3 and 5, and from vein 3 to inner margin it is followed by an ocherous line; termen shaded with fuscous from below vein 5 to inner margin; a broken lunular sub- marginal black line, and a terminal dark broken line; terminal space above vein 5 to apex shaded with brown. Hind wings mostly bright brown; a fuscous line on discocellular edged with whitish; a finely dentate fuscous medial line; a dark red postmedial line from vein 6 NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTHRA—SCHAUS. oth to inner margin above angle, followed by a red line, deeply dentate on veins 2-5; a black shade on costa close to apex; an ocherous shade on termen below apex; terminal space from below vein 6 to anal angle fuscous irrorated with blue; a submarginal dark red broken line; followed by red shading on interspaces; cilia with fuscous shading toward anal angle. Wings below pale ocherous irrorated with black; medial and postmedial fuscous lines; black streaks divided by a white line on discocellular; an interrupted submarginal black line; a very fine terminal line; fore wings heavily shaded with black above tornus; hind wings with a very broad subterminal black shade. Expanse.—47 mm. Habitat.—Venadio, Sinaloa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. 23398, U.S.N.M. Received from Mr. B. Preston Clark. EULEPIDOTIS AGLAE, new species. Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and two basal seements of abdomen reddish brown; abdomen otherwise dull brown above, underneath erayish brown. Fore wings reddish brown; three steel blue lines from costa to inner margin, the antemedial and medial parallel, the postmedial almost upright, the first followed by a fine wavy fuscous line, the second and third preceded by a fuscous line, the postmedial line more widely separated on costa than on inner margin; a subter- minal silver line not reaching costa or inner margin; marginal black spots forming a line from vein 2 to tornus; cilia gray. Hind wings: The costal margin fuscous to vein 6, otherwise reddish brown except base; streaks above and below cell and inner margin which are luteous eray; a postmedial black line from veins 2-5 followed by metallic blue from below vein 2 to below vein 4, the blue followed by numerous fine black lines to a marginal silver line; marginal silver spots above and below vein 4. Fore wings below brown shaded with two trans- verse black fasciae suffusing above the whitish inner margin. Hind wings below grayish at base, reddish brown on outer half; a black postmedial line on costa; terminal silver shading from vein 5 to anal angle. Expanse.—32 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23399, U.S.N.M. EULEPIDOTIS PUNCTILINEA, new species. Male.—Head, collar, and thorax green; palpi entirely green with three dark points in front. Abdomen green, the last segments orange. Body below white faintly tinged with green. Fore wings green, the lines very fine, brownish with darker points on veins; the lines ter- minating in yellowish points on costa finely edged with black; ante- medial and medial line oblique and parallel, the postmedial slightly 372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. outcurved. Hind wings green except a large orange yellow space at apex, extending to vein 4, and similar streaks along inner margin and below cell to termen; a postmedial black streak from vein 5 to below vein 4, and asmall black spot and white line at vein 2; cilia green tipped with brown at green portion of wing, otherwise orange. Wings below pale yellow green; some dark scales at lower end of cell on fore wing; terminal dark points on interspaces; cilia mostly brown. Expanse.—33 mm. Habitat.—Chejel, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23400, U.S.N.M. EULEPIDOTIS PHILOSIS, new species. Male.—Head green; palpi white in front with transverse black lines or spots. Collar and thorax green. Abdomen green, the last segments orange. Body underneath white; fore coxae tinged with pale green; anal tuft orange. Fore wings green, the costa finely yel- lowish; the lines pale brown, widening on costa and there edged with black; the antemedial and medial lines outwardly oblique from costa and parallel; the postmedial almost upright; a black point on costa before apex; three black terminal points above veins 6, 7, 8; cilia green tipped with gray and brown. Hind wings: The apex and costal margin to near base orange; wing otherwise green, except an orange streak from near base below cell, expanding at anal angle, and uniting with an orange shade along inner margin; the green por- tion with a fine postmedial line terminating in a fuscous spot crossed by a gray line; an interrupted fine black terminal line, surmounted by three white points on green portion. Wings below pale yellow, the fore wings with medial and postmedial parallel brown lines, interrupted and not reaching below vein 2; hind wings tinged with pale green at base, and with a terminal dark brown line inwardly edged with white. Expanse.—31 mm. Habitat.—Chejel, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23401, U.S.N.M. THIACHROIA DEILINIAS, new species. Male.—Palpi outwardly brown, inwardly white. Frons brown with lateral white lines. Vertex white with brown spots. Tegulae lilacine brown mottled with white. Thorax, abdomen, and wings creamy yellow; a few brown specks on abdomen. Body below white; brown irrorations on tibiae and tarsi. Fore wings: The costal margin and terminal third thinly irrorated with brown; lines fine, brown; an almost imperceptible wavy antemedial line; a medial and post- medial line outcurved on costa, then parallel and inbent; a black orbicular point; a fine ovalline asreniform. Hind wings: A sub-basal NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF pe he een 373 anid medial line; some brown irrorations on outer half; 5 8 » fine ‘broken terminal line on both wings; cilia brown tipped with white. Wings below white; fine aeientodial and postmedial lines; some subterminal points; fore wings heavily dusted with gray except on inner margin. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23402, U.S.N.M. EUCLYSTIS SUBTREMULA, new species. Female.—Palpi dull brown tipped and irrorated with white. Antennae with white points on shaft. Head, collar, thorax, and abdomen dull brown, the latter famtly tinged with gray; white lateral lines on frons. Wings dull brown strongly tinged with iridescent bluish lilacine, the lines fine, darker, wavy; medial and postmedial lines distinct, fainter subterminal geminate lines; marginal black points on interspaces; termen crenulate with a dark line. Fore wings: Apex acute, outer margin produced at vein 4; a basal and antemedial line edged with white on costa. Hind wings produced at vein 4. Body below paler. Wings below light ocherous brown irrorated with fuscous the markings fine, black, partly interrupted by veins; antemedial black points in cell; the spot on hind wing fol- lowed by a short black streak. Expanse.—44 mm. Habitat.—Chejel; Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23403, U.S.N.M. Most Cayuga specimens have a black spot at postmedial line of forewing below vein 2. EUCLYSTIS CAYUGA, new species. Female.—Head, collar, and thorax fuscous brown; palpi tipped with white; shaft of antennae with white points; lateral white lines on frons. Abdomen fuscous tinged with gray. Wings fuscous brown tinged with purple, the termen crenulate and produced at vein 4; a fine darker medial line; postmedial line very irregular, partly edged outwardly with white scaling, forming a distinct white line on costa of fore wing; a fuscous subterminal shade outwardly edged with light brown; marginal dark spots edged outwardly with white. Fore wings: A basal and an antemedial line partly irrorated with white; a large reniform spot defined by whitish scaling; termen and cilia from vein 5 to apex thickly irrorated with white and crossed by a lunular dark line, which is hardly perceptible below vein 4. Hind wings: Fuscous marginal spots outwardly edged with white and preceded by patches of white irrorations below vein 2, and above veins 4 and 5. Wings below lighter brown; antemedial black points in cell; a medial fuscous shade; postmedial line, black, irregular, out- 374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. wardly edged with bluish white and followed on hind wing with similar scaling; a postmedial black shade closely followed by a fus- cous gray shade; marginal black points and a dark terminal line; on hind wing the points are preceded by bluish white scaling. Expanse.—40 mm. Habiiat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23404, U.S.N.M. EUCLYSTIS POLYOPERAS, new species. Male.—Palpi dark gray with a terminal black circle and white tip. Body dark olive brown. Wings silky olive brown, the lines very fine, black. Fore wings: Apex acute, the outer margin oblique and sin- uous; a basal line on costa; antemedial punctiform in cell and there preceded by another black point; medial line inbent below cell, and below submedian; reniform narrowing and outbent in front, partly defined by yellowish scaling; postmedial outcurved beyond cell very irregular; a subterminal black line from costa to vein 5, geminate between 6 and 5, the space beyond whitish roseate; below vein 5 the subterminal consists of geminate spots between veins 5 and 4, and 4 and 3, below which it forms a geminate line to inner margin; marginal dark points; some black scaling at apex; cilia mostly whitish roseate. Hind wings produced and angled at vein 4; medial line nearly straight; postmedial line very irregular; subterminal dentate, geminate; mar- ginal black points; cilia white from apex to vein 4, then partly mottled with gray. Fore wings below dull grayish brown; an orbicular black point in cell; medial line black not reaching margins, followed by a fuscous shade from a white discocellular streak to vein 2; postmedial fine, black, outcurved, wavy, outwardly edged with white; an inter- rupted subterminal black line irrorated with white and followed by black spots on interspaces; marginal black points; termen from vein 5 to tornus whitish. Hind wings below grayish thickly irrorated with brown; a discocellular black streak, containing a brown line; medial fine, black, followed by a fuscous shade; postmedial as on fore wing, also subterminal spots; the termen broadly whitish. Expanse.—57 mm. Habitat.—V enezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 23405, U.S.N.M. EUCYLSTIS MNYRA, new species. Female.—Palpi dark brown with some white irrorations. Antennae dark brown with contiguous white points along shaft. Head, collar, thorax, and basal tufts on abdomen dark brown; frons triangular, a white line edging its two frontal sides. Abdomen fuscous gray shading to brown according to light. Wings dark reddish brown tinged with purple. Fore wings with the apex acute, faintly falcate, NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. ats the outer margin rounded; lines fine, slightly darker; basal and ante- medial lines irregular, irrorated with white on costa, medial line more evenly curved; reniform faint, containing a few white scales; post- medial lunular and outcurved to vein 3, wavy below it; some outer dark spots and broad shading on costa; subterminal dark points on interspaces. Hind wings slightly angled at vein 4; faint antemedial © and medial lines followed by some white irrorations; a subterminal dark shade from apex to anal angle followed by dark points on inter- spaces. Wings below light brown; medial and postmedial black wavy lines with a darker shade between them; black antemedial points in cell; faint subterminal shading and points on interspaces; cilia dark brown. Expanse.—36 mm. Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—-Cat. No. 23406, U.S.N.M. Family SATURNIIDAE. ROTHSCHILDIA MORANA, new species. Male.—F¥rons roseate brown. Vertex brown. Collar white. Thorax cinnamon. Abdomen roseate brown; a transverse basal line and anus white; paired sublateral and ventral lines. Wings cinnamon. Fore wings with a deeply outcurved antemedial white line outwardly edged with black from costa to vein 3, and from vein 2 to inner margin, veins 2 and 3 being shortly streaked with white; a large triangular hyaline spot edged with white and fuscous, its outer angle interrupt- ing the postmedial line; postmedial white inwardly edged with black, faintly incurved twice from costa to vein 5, well incurved above vein 2, and less so below it; a broad lilacine shade follows the line from vein 4 to inner margin, its outer edge dentate; a large roseate lilacine space on costa before apex cut by an irregular white line from costa to vein 6, and followed between veins 6 and 7 by a broken black spot; termen pale gray crossed by a fine subterminal black line, wavy more deeply incurved at middle of interspaces than at veins which are also black on termen. Hind wings: Two white lines from middle of costa, the inner line inbent to subcostal, then downbent to inner margin above tornus, both inwardly edged with black, the black forming a single line above vein 7; a large hyaline spot, almost oval, the side toward apex straight. The lilacine shading beyond postmedial more extended; fuscous brown streaks near anal angle; termen pale gray, the subterminal line wavy, preceded by small reddish spots toward apex, and black spots toward and at anal angle where they are much larger. Wings below similar but without any antemedial line. Expanse.—118 mm. Halitat.—Quirigua, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23407, U.S.N.M. 376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. COPAXA SOPHRONIA, new species. Male.—Palpi, head, and collar dark brown, the latter mottled with white hairs. Body olive bister with some brownish shading on thorax and the abdomen dorsally, chiefly toward base. Wings olive bister with a hyaline spot on discocellular surrounded by an orange annulus edged on either side with black. Fore wings: Costa to be- yond middle dark brown mottled with white and reddish scaling; a dark antemedial line, outbent and angled on median vein, inangled below cell, outangled on submedian, preceded in cell by a dark shade; medial and postmedial space from veins 2—7 darker shaded, except the upper portion of cell; a dark postmedial shade from costa to vein 6, beyond which is a large paler space; a fine dark line from costa before apex, dentate to vein 2, then lunular to middle of inner margin, closely followed by a third heen line from vein 7 to inner margin; termen darkly shaded from above vein 6 to apex, preceded on costa by a small white spot partly irrorated with black. Hind wings with the basal half slightly darker shaded; a dark medial line; a dentate postmedial dark shade, beyond it a fine deeply lunular dentate dark line, with short fuscous streaks in the proximal curves, and followed by coarse brownish lunules on interspaces. Wings below paler, grayer; a dark postmedial shade, vertical on fore wings, slightly curved on hind wings; hyaline spots outwardly edged with black and pale brown; a fine indistinct outer line with short black streaks on veins, and followed by a lunular brown shade, outwardly shaded with lilacine, chiefly on hind wings; fore wings with an antemedial dark line, toothed on costa, then outcurved and almost vertical to inner margin; hind wings with a black antemedial line, straight on costa, then forming two curves to inner margins. Expanse.—115 mm. Habitat.—Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23408, U.S.N.M. COPAXA JOINVILLEA, new species. Male.—¥ore wing falcate. Antennae and thorax reddish brown. Collar gray. Abdomen ocherous brown tinged with pale red dor- sally. Fore wings reddish brown, the veins black, limited by an inbent thick black line from costa near apex to inner margin at three- fourths from base, this line preceded by a fine wavy black line; base of cell and costal margin fuscous irrorated with white, the costa other- wise narrowly gray; a black antemedial line, outcurved in cell and containing a small yellow spot close to subcostal, below cell inset, wavy, very slightly curved; a round hyaline spot at discocellular edge by a double black line divided by yellow; terminal space pale bister brown irrorated with gray and white, the margin narrowly orange brown. Hind wings reddish brown at base with an ante- medial thick black line; medial space duller, with a smaller ocellus NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. STT than on fore wing; a deeply dentate postmedial black line inwardly edged with whitish followed by another parallel line, the space be- tween them orange brown; terminal space as on fore wing. Under- neath the wings are brown thickly irrorated with lilacine white to postmedial line, which is lunular on fore wing, more dentate on hind wing; the ocelli ringed with white; inner margin of fore wing clear orange brown; an antemedial incomplete black line; hind wing with a sinuous antemedial black line outwardly shaded with white, and some subterminal white shading towards anal angle. Expanse.—93 mm. Habitat.—Pirahy, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 23409, U.S.N.M. Allied to C. canella Walker, and looking very much like a small C. sumpson Maassen. ARSENURA UNDILINEA, new species. Male.—Body dark gray. Fore wings to beyond cell pale gray with some brown irrorations; the long hairs at base of inner margin darker; an antemedial line, somewhat incurved but deeply outbent to middle of inner margin followed by a straighter light brown shade; a long curved yellow brown streak on discocellular, finely edged with dark brown; postmedial space to subterminal light grayish brown the subterminal parallel with margin, fuscous brown, lunular, fol- lowed by a lilacine gray space limited by a fine white line; termen narrowly olive brown, expanding from veins 4—7, with three pro- longed dentate maroon lines on interspaces; an oblique black streak irrorated with white on costa before apex. Hind wings with the basal half dark gray with traces of a curved dark line from base to middle of inner margin; postmedial space darker than on fore wing; the subterminal line somewhat incurved from costa near apex to below vein 4, then angled and dentate to inner margin, followed by a eray shade its outer edge deeply lunular; termen olive brown; on both wings the subterminal line has whitish points on veins and is closely followed by a gray line darker than the lilacine gray space it crosses. Wings below dull brownish gray with darker straight post- medial brown shades followed by a similar shade, outangled on hind wing; a dark gray subterminal and similar marginal shade. Kepanse.—120 mm. Habitat.—Avangarez, Costa Rica. Type.—Cat. No. 23409, U.S.N.M. Allied to A. championi Druce. AUTOMERIS MACPHAILI, new species. Male.—Body, collar, and thorax dark brown. Abdomen red. Body below red, the tarsi brownish. Fore wings pale brownish ocher; an indistinct pale yellowish antemedial line; a faint grayish 378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 59. shade about discocellular defined by some black points; a fine black postmedial line, faint from costa near apex to vein 7, then very dis- tinct to inner margin; a faint pale subterminal shade from vein 5 to inner margin; cilia partly streaked with brown. Hind wings bright yellow to the postmedial line; base and inner margin along yellow space red; a large ocellus broadly circled with black, dark purplish gray becoming paler toward the inner black spot, the latter heavily marked with white; postmedial line evenly curved black, followed by a broader fuscous line; termen the same shade as fore wing. Wings below reddish; faint dark postmedial straight lines; a large spot on fore wing, gray, edged with black and containing a white point; a white point on discocellular of hind wing. Expanse.—95 mm. Habitat —Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23411, U.S.N.M. Named after Doctor MacPhail, the popular and greatly loved head of the Quirigua Hospital, whose assistance enabled me to obtain many new species at Quirigua. PHRICODIA JORGENSENI, new species. Male—Body black mottled thinly with yellow hairs. Antennae yellow. Wings mottled pale ocherous and brown. Fore wings: The base narrowly black; lines fine, black, minutely wavy; the ante- medial slightly outcurved on costa, then vertical, the postmedial slightly outcurved on costa, then a little inbent; a small black spot on discocellular; termen somewhat paler, narrowly at apex, broadly opposite cell. Hind wings: A fine short black line on discocellular; a postmedial fuscous shade. Wings below evenly colored with only very faint dark lines on discocellulars. Hxpanse—90 mm. Habitat.—La Junta, Argentina. Type.—Cat. No. 23412. Received through the kindness of Don Pedro Jorgensen. ORMISCODES PARALLELA, new species. Male.—Palpi fuscous gray, the head, collar, and thorax a little paler. Abdomen above black with segmental orange lines. Fore wings ocherous gray, darkest on terminal third; cilia on inner margin and lines fuscous gray; antemedial and postmedial lines thick, parallel, the postmedial very indistinct and slightly curved on costal margin; a black discal point; an irregular subterminal, narrow, fuscous shade. Hind wings grayish brown suffused with fuscous; a broad, black postmedial line and indistinct subterminal shade; some ocherous scaling at base. Wings below brownish gray; fore wings with a faint fuscous shade from apex to inner margin at two-thirds from NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 879 base; hind wings with a darker postmedial shade preceded by a broad whitish gray shade; a dark subterminal shade. Expanse.—105 mm. Habitat.—Joinville, southeastern Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 28415, U.S.N.M. ORMISCODES PANAMENSIS, new species. Female.—Head, body below, and base of abdomen reddish brown. Collar and thorax grayish purple. Abdomen above orange banded with black, partly concealed by the long yellow hairs. Fore wings erayish purple; a curved antemedial whitish lilacine shade, and a similar faintly sinuous postmedial shade; a fine black line on the oblique discocellulars; termen whitish lilacine, very narrowly so at apex and tornus. Hind wings whitish lilacine with some pale reddish shading at base; a broad subterminal grayish purple shade, leaving a shade before it and the termen more distinctly lilacine; cilia dark. Wings below brownish, the termen lilacine; a faintly paler postmedial shade; a broad darker subterminal shade on hind wings partly crossed by a pale shade. Expanse.—98 mm. Habitat.— Panama. Type.—Cat. No. 23413, U.S.N.M. ORMISCODES DENTIMACULATA, new species. Male.—Palpi dark brown. Frons pale brown. Vertex, collar, and thorax dark brown with some ocherous white hairs. Abdomen above orange with transverse black bands. Body below ocherous, the legs dark brown. Fore wings pale ocherous, thickly irrorated with brown except on terminal space, before which there is a darker brown postmedial shade diffusely encroaching on the pale terminal space; medially on costa a large brown, triangular spot edged with black and then whitish; this spot is deeply indentate on the proximal side and has three short projecting lines on the distal side. Hind wings brownish with fuscous brown postmedial and subterminal shades, the space between the two lines also the termen ocherous thickly irrorated with brown. Wings below pale yellowish ocher with faint postmedial and subterminal fuscous shades. Expanse.—80 mm. Habitat.—Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 23414, U.S.N.M. DIRPHIA NINFA, new species. Male.—Palpi, head, and antennae orange brown. Collar and thorax fuscous brown with some white hairs laterally on patagia. Abdomen orange with black segmental lines above; no lateral line. Fore wings: Basal third of costa whitish streaked with gray, followed by a roseate white shade from middle of costa, oblique, curved to below vein 2 3880 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou, 59, and suffusing with a similar shade adjoining the postmedial line from vein 5 to inner margin; a large dark brown space below cell from base to middle of inner margin, this dark space having its anterior edge somewhat rounded, its outer edge oblique, slightly inset on submedian vein; a small dark gray shade in end of cell, and a similar shade below discocellular; a broad dark brown streak at discocellular, edged with roseate white; a large grayish brown space on costa from above end of cell to postmedial line crossed by a fuscous shade from costa to vein 5; postmedial defined by the pale shading on inner side, and a broad fuscous brown shade on outer side expanding to tornus; a black brown spot on costa at apex, edged with whitish; termen mostly brown with a dentate subterminal pale roseate line from vein 5 to tornus; cilia brown with white spots at veins. Hind wings roseate, more deeply colored at base; a thick black medial line, preceded by a thick black streak on discocellular; a broad fuscous subterminal shade; the veins on outer half streaked with brown. Fore wings below pale roseate gray, the basal half shaded with ocherous; a fine dark line on disco- cellular and a distinct postmedial line. Hind wings below shaded with pale brown; a straight medial line; a dentate subterminal line. Expanse.—52 mm. Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 23417, U.S.N.M. Closely allied to D. rosea Druce. DIRPHIA TUSINA, new species. Male.—Head and collar dark brown. Thorax and base of abdomen black-brown with a few yellowish hairs. Abdomen above orange with transverse black bands; a lateral black line, a sublateral white line with black points. Abdomen below deep rose color. Thorax below brown, the legs fuscous brown. Fore wings roseate brown; a black point on base of costa; a large fuscous brown space below cell from base to middle of inner margin limited by black lunules mottled with orange scales; two small lunules in cell; medial space more roseate; a large black spot somewhat triangular suffusing with the discocellular line; a black postmedial line outbent on costa, angled on vein 7, then slightly incurved to inner margin, consisting chiefly of thick lunules mottled with orange scales; a small brown shade on costa at apex. Hind wing purple red to postmedial line, paler beyond it and on termen; a large round black spot at and beyond cell, touching the postmedial line, which is broad and black; a broad subterminal fuscous shade. Wings below roseate; fore wings with the discocellular broadly black and a black postmedial line; hind wings with a straight dark medial line and a curved black line on discocellular. Expanse.—61 mm. Habitat.—Tuis, Costa Rica. Type.—Cat. No. 23418, U.S.N.M. Belongs to the D. rosea group. NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 3881 DIRPHIA PLACIDA, new species. Male.—Palpi black fringed with reddish brown. Frons reddish brown. Vertex, collar, and thorax dark brown. Abdomen above deep orange with black segmental Hines; a lateral black line and a sub- lateral white line with black points. Body below orange, the legs dark brown; fore legs black fringed with white; hind tarsi white with black rings. Fore wings pale brownish gray; a large dark brown space on basal half of inner margin, its anterior edge straight below cell, its outer edge oblique edged by three black lunules; some smaller faint black lunules antemedially across cell; a large brown spot beyond cell inwardly edged by a black line on discocel- lular; a brown spot on costa at apex, irregularly triangular and edged with white; a straight broken black line from below the apical spot to inner margin, mostly lunular, but straight from vein 2 to inner margin; a faint subterminal whitish shade; cilia pale with dark brown spots at interspaces. Hind wings brownish, darkest along inner margin; a fuscous line and shade at discocellular; a black postmedial line; a fuscous brown subterminal shade; the space following the postmedial and termen paler; cilia with smaller brown spots. Wings below whitish ocherous, the veins brown; fore wings with a dark discocellular line and a fine straight post- medial line outcurved to apex; hind wings with a wavy dark post- medial line and an irregular postmedial line. Expanse.—64 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 23419, U.S.N.M. HYLESIA DYAREX, new species. Male.—Head ocherous. Collar and thorax brown. Abdomen dark yellow. Fore wings whitish clay color at base, limited by a fine dark antemedial line which joins the postmedial on inner margin; a fus- cous streak from base of cell to near middle of inner margin; beyond the antemedial line the space from vein 4 to termen and inner margin is slightly darker; the space above vein 4 to costa and termen dark purplish gray; the fine dark discocellular line broadly edged with whitish clay color. Hind wings whitish gray; a fine dark streak on discocellular; some dull yellowish scaling at base and along inner margin. Expanse.—45 mm. Habitat—Quirigua, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23420, U.S.N.M. The apex of fore wing produced and falcate. 382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. HYLESIA TINTUREX, new species. Male.—Palpi and frons brown. Thorax ocherous brown. Ab- domen ocherous yellow. Thorax below and legs brownish gray, a small yellow tuft at base of fore tarsi. Wings dull roseate lilacine. Fore wings: A faint whitish antemedial line, vertical to median vein, slightly incurved and outbent below cell; a dark streak on discocel- lular; a postmedial dark line almost vertical; termen irregularly paler. Hind wings darker shaded along inner margin and on dis- cocellular; a postmedial broad line and termen paler. Hind wings below with a broad dark medial line. Expanse.—34 mm. Habitat.— Quirigua, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23421, U.S.N.M. Apex of fore wing not produced. HYLESIA CHIREX, new species. Male.—Frons reddish. Vertex reddish brown. Collar and thorax lilacine brown. Abdomen above thickly clothed with dark yellow hairs and with black segmental lines, underneath reddish brown. Tarsicinnamon. Wings dull roseate lilacine with darker lines. Fore wings: An oblique medial line suffusing on inner margin with the vertical postmedial line, a dark line on discocellular; a wavy, faintly paler subterminal shade. Hind wings: A straight postmedial line, a faintly wavy darker postmedial shade. Wings below similar in color; fore wings with a darker postmedial shade and a subterminal dentate darker shade; hind wings with the postmedial line broader and from nearer apex; a straight subterminal shade. Expanse.—40 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23422, U.S.N.M. The apex of forewing slightly produced and rounded. HYLESIA CROEX, new species. Male.—Head and thorax dark gray. Abdomen brownish yellow above, underneath dark gray. Fore tibiae fringed with ocherous, the fore tarsi dark gray. Wings rather thinly scaled, dull gray, the lines whitish gray. Fore wings: Antemedial vertical, somewhat sinuous, postmedial broadest on costa faintly inbent from vein 6 to inner margin; a pale shade at apex; a similar shade outbent from vein 6 to termen at vein 3, then broadly along termen to tornus; a dark shade on discocellular. Hind wings: A broad postmedial line; the termen broadly pale; a small dark shade on discocellular. EHzpanse.—35 mm. Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23423, U.S.N.M. Apex of forewing not produced. NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 383 Family CERATOCAMPIDAE. ADELOCEPHALA NETTIA, new species. Male.—Head lilacine pink with pale yellow hairs at base of anten- nae. Collar and patagia lilacine gray, the thorax dorsally pale yel- low. Abdomen above pale red. Body underneath whitish. Fore wings: Basal third of costa and cell purple, below cell and vein 2 lilacine, shading to whitish lilacine on inner margin, and termen; an orange spot in cell with dark striae preceded by a fuscous purple shade, and followed by a large round similar spot containing a white point; the costa above this spot reddish orange; from vein 4 to costa and apex a large triangular yellow space crossed by dark striae, the terminal lilacine space adjoiming with its edge lunular; some fine, indistinct, fuscous striae on the lilacine portions of wing. Hind wings yellow; costal margin purplish red; a purplish red space below cell from base not reaching termen and leaving the inner margin narrowly yellow. Wings below pale yellow; fore wings with the costa brownish gray to near apex; purple shading at end of cell with a black spot on discocellular; termen above vein 3 broadly dull lilacine, narrowing to a point at apex. Expanse.—52 mm. Habitat.—Joinville, Soutliesstearn Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 23416, U.S.N.M. Family NOTODONTIDAE. NYSTALEA SCARRA, new species. Female.—Palpi ocherous gray irrorated with brown. Head and collar dull fuscous brown, with grayish tufts at base of antennae. Thorax whitish gray. Abdomen dull dark gray, the basal segment ocherous white with a dorsal black tuft tipped with whitish gray. Fore wings whitish gray; a black line at base below cell to subbasal fuscous brown line, which is geminate somewhat outbent from costa across Cell, then single and inbent; costal margin broadly tinged with brown to antemedial, which is close to middle of wing; this line is fuscous brown, geminate, vertical, and sinuous to vein 2, then lunular to inner margin, the line starting from deep black spots on costa, the inner line with black points on veins; some short black streaks and points precede the line; some brownish shading on discocellular and some black scaling behind; an outcurved faint brown shade, darker on costa and with a black spot below vein 2; the veins beyond cell streaked with black to a geminate fine line close beyond post- medial; this line is fuscous brown, almost vertical, and is closely followed by a narrow brown shade; veins 3-6 with white and black points where crossed by this shade; a subterminal black spot between veins 4 and 5 and an interrupted short black line from vein 2 to 884 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. tornus; a submarginal wavy brown line from vein 8 to vein 4; large terminal black spots on interspaces from veins 2-8; the termen broadly shaded with pale brown from vein 4 to costa. Hind wings gray brown; cilia white. Expanse.—45 mm, Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala... Type.—Cat. No. 23441, U.S.N.M. ANTIOPHA MODICA, new species. Male.—Palpi fuscous brown, tipped with white. Frons black- brown with lateral whitish hairs. Vertex, collar, and thorax brown- ish mottled with roseate ocher hair. Abdomen above dull brown, the terminal segments mottled with white; underneath white. Fore wings whitish thickly irrorated with ocherous brown, the veins remaining finely white; lines fuscous, very indistinct; antemedial wavy, vertical, followed by a small indistinct fuscous spot close below subcostal; postmedial outcurved and inbent to submedian fold, then vertical; small terminal dark brown spots above and below vein 2. Hind wings dull brown. Fore wings below brown, paler on margins; cilia brown with white points at veins. Hind wings below brownish gray, the costa narrowly white. Expanse.—40 mm. Habitat.—Quirigua, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23437, U.S.N.M. EUSTEMA OPACA, new species. Male—Head and legs fuscous brown. Collar ocherous yellow. Thorax dark purplish brown, mottled dorsally and posteriorly with ocherous yellow hairs. Abdomen dark purplish brown, the last seg- ment, segmental lines on terminal half, and lateral tufts ocherous yellow. Wings dark purplish brown, the veins finely black. Fore wings with a darker shade beyond discocellular and a postmedial line slightly outbent and curved to vein 4, then slightly inbent to inner margin. Wings below silky gray brown, the veins finely black. Expanse.—50 mm. Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 23453, U.S.N.M. HIPPIA GRACITA, new species. Male.—Antennae ciliated with short scaling above on basal half. Palpi brown irrorated with white. Head, collar, and thorax mottled dark brown and gray; patagia lichen gray. Abdomen above dull gray with a black dorsal shade at base; underneath whitish. Fore wings gray; costal margin to beyond middle shaded with brown, terminally broadly white, with pale grayish shading between veins_ 9-11 and above vein 11; an outcurved subbasal black line; ante- No. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTHRA—SCHAUS. 385 medial geminate, fuscous, lunular; an oblique dark streak on disco- cellular and a white line from it anteriorly to the white costal space; postmedial defined by black points and faint lunules, also geminate, traceable only from vein 5, followed by black and white points and streaks on veins; a large triangular brown black shade below white portion of costa; a submarginal wavy dark brown line from vein 7 to vein 2, and black spots below vein 2; a lunular marginal line and a fine terminal line, both dark brown; two black subapical points on white costa; cilia mottled grayish brown and fuscous, a black shade on inner margin before antemedial line, and a small similar shade at cell between veins 2 and 3. Hind wings fuscous, the base and inner margin shaded with ocherous; cilia mostly white. Fore wings below gray, the margins whitish; marginal black spots on interspaces; a terminal black line. Hind wings below white, the termen faintly shaded with fuscous. Kaxpanse.—39 mm. Habitat Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23438, U.S.N.M. PEROARA DISCOVATA, new species. Male.—Palpi brown tipped with white. Head, collar, and thorax brownish gray, a whitish shade across collar; patagia with lateral white tufts. Fore wings thickly irrorated with dark grayish brown, darkest at base, a short white streak at base below cell; traces of an outcurved antemedial line, defined by a pale shade on proximal side; an oblique brown line on discocellular edged with white, more broadly below subcostal and acuminate toward apex; a fine postmedial line outwardly shaded with white, followed by dark brown streaks, broad and coalescing from vein 6 to costa, fine above veins 4 and 5; from vein 4 to inner margin irregular dark brown spots outwardly edged by the subterminal white line; above vein 4 to costa the white line is more extended, less linear; termen narrowly grayish brown with a white line preceding a terminal dark brown line cut by the white tips of veins; cilia ocherous tipped with white. Hind wings whitish, the veins and inner margin pale ocherous; the outer margin broadly fuscous gray. Wings below white, the costa of fore wing with some smoky shading. Expanse.—37 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23440, U.S.N.M. Very similar to P. sylvestris Schaus from French Guiana, but the genitalia are quite distinct. In discovata the anellus is larger with its lateral hooklike projections longer and stouter; the aedoeagus is stouter and the strongly chitinized projections from the costa of the harpes (elements of the transtilla) are much stouter, a trifle shorter 20177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59—— 25 386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59. and markedly though irregularly toothed. In sylvestris the latter are long, rather slender, and smooth. The entire genitalia is some- what smaller and less robust in sylvestris than in discovata. Beau- tiful slides of the two species have been prepared by Mr. Carl Heinrich. GOPHA ? PRAXIA, new species. Male.—Antennae with long pectinations not reaching tips. Palpi long, obliquely ascending the third joint downbent, one-third the length of second joint, both deeply fringed below, chocolate brown. Head and collar dark brown mottled with white, the collar tipped with white. Thorax dark purple, the patagia fringed with brown and ocherous. Abdomen silky brown, the anal tuft and small dorsal tuft at base black-brown. Fore wings dark dull purple brown, with lighter brown shading on inner margin just above sub- median antemedially, and postmedially at veins 2-4; a gray ante- medial line edged with dark brown, wavy and somewhat interrupted, outbent to within cell, then inbent to inner margin; a white spot on discocellular, with a short white upbent line projecting from it proximally, followed by a fuscous brown spot with similar smaller spots above it in a line toward apex; postmedial white points on veins, which are also minutely irrorated with white to subterminal line; four white points on costa toward apex; subterminal dark brown lunules outwardly edged with white; a terminal dark line with white points on veins. Hind wings fuscous brown shaded with whitish toward base and on costal margin; a fuscous spot and a few white scales at anal angle. Fore wings below gray brown, the costa at base and inner margin whitish. Hind wings below white, the termen shaded with brown, widely at apex, rapidly diminishing to vein 3, then very narrow at angle. Expanse.—25 mm. | Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23439, U.S.N.M. DICENTRIA CLARITA, new species. Male.—Head and thorax below lilacine brown. Collar outwardly and patagia in front light brown; thorax and collar dorsally fuscous and dark brown, the patagia grayish behind, irrorated with black and brown. Abdomen above brown mottled at base with dark brown and black, anal segment ocherous white. Fore wings ocherous white; a fine brown line starting from a small antemedial spot on costa, deeply outbent, indentate in cell, interrupted above median, indicated by clusters of scales above and below submedian; an olive brown streak below cell from base to medial line, edged at base by a black line; the medial line also very fine, inangled below cell, and more deeply on submedian; a fine curved brown line at discocellular followed by a dark olive gray shade, narrowing and NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 387 extending as a line below vein 5 to termen; a similar line above vein 5, a gray shade below vein 4 not reaching termen, vein 5 dark brown; veins 4, 6, and 7 white; gray streaks to termen above vein 6 and below vein 7; an outbent double postmedial fine brown line on costal margin; a double gray and fuscous postmedial lunule below vein 2, and above it an oblique black and gray line to termen above vein 3; black terminal streaks on veins 2 and 3; cilia on outer half of inner margin reddish brown; cilia on outer margin white, with fine dark streaks at veins 5 to 7, and black spots at other veins; brown shading on termen and cilia on interspaces from submedian to vein 4. Hind wings white with brown shading on costa and at anal angle. Wings below white; fore wings with brown shading on costa, the cilia with dark spots; hind wings with a brown spot on cilia at anal angle. Expanse.—47 mm. Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 23450, U.S.N.M. DISPHRAGIS BOCHICA, new species. Male.—Palpi laterally black, in front brown with a few white scales. Head, collar, and thorax dark brown; some white scales on vertex and patagia; the collar edged with white behind; vertex suffused with black. Abdomen fuscous brown. Body below creamy white. Fore wings dark brown shaded with fuscous between the fine black basal and antemedial lines, the latter geminate with two superposed white points on the inner line; black shading at end of cell, and from cell to postmedial line between veins 2 and 6; a fine velvety black line on discocellular edged with light brown; the post- medial fine, black, lunular, outbent on costa with two superposed white points, closely followed by a fainter fuscous line marked by distinct white points on veins and a short white line on inner margin; an irregular row of subterminal fuscous spots; the veins beyond postmedial line black irrorated with white and ending in white ter- minal points on a terminal black line; cilia light brown with some fuscous mottling at veins. Hind wings fuscous, somewhat whitish gray in disk; costal margin light brown with some whitish irrorations; a black medial line on costa; a subterminal black line from costa to vein 6, outwardly edged with white. Fore wing below fuscous, the termen and inner margin whitish, the costa more narrowly so and with small black costal points beyond a faint black postmedial line. Hind wings below white, the costal margin with long white and brown cilia. Expanse.—31 mm. Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23424, U.S.N.M. Allied to D. proba Schaus. 388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 59. DISPHRAGIS STARIA, new species. Female.—Palpi fuscous brown, fringed with gray. Head mottled brown and gray. Collar and thorax light reddish brown with white shading laterally on patagia. Abdomen fuscous gray; a large black circular line on two last segments inclosing reddish scaling dorsally. Fore wings: The base white crossed by two reddish brown subbasal lines; antemedial space and cell dull steel gray; antemedial line geminate, black, broken in places, shaded with reddish brown on costa and filled in with the same color from cell to inner margin; a dark streak on discocellular inwardly edged with white; a reddish brown spot on costa above discocellular, and similar shading beyond cell, at base of veins 3 and 4 and streaks on veins 3 and 2; an oblique gray streak from cell below vein 2 to near tornus; postmedial gemi- nate, black, outbent on costa, vertical opposite cell and filled in with reddish brown, incurved and lunular from vein 4 to inner margin, partly obsolescent; a large gray shade beyond postmedial from costa to vein 4, and a white shade between veins 4 and 3, and narrower gray shading from below vein 3; the gray space opposite cell is outwardly shaded with fuscous, with a lunular edging; termen whitish irrorated with reddish brown more thickly so toward apex and at tornus; the veins terminally white heavily irrorated with black; a terminal reddish brown line interrupted by veins; cilia white with black spots at veins. Hind wings fuscous gray; an interrupted terminal black line; cilia white with dark shading at veins. Wings below dark gray, the cilia as above. Expanse.—45 mm. Halitat— Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23444, U.S.N.M. CHADISRA CHORISTA, new species. Male.—Palpi brown, broadly fringed with white irrorated with brown. Frons dark brown with some white scaling. Vertex and collar cinnamon brown. Thorax and terminal segments of abdomen white thinly irrorated with black; base of abdomen whitish, medially fuscous gray; underneath white. Fore wings white irrorated with gray; brown spots along costal margin; an antemedial fine black line shaded on either side with white sinuous and almost vertical; a small spot in cell and a streak on discocellular white finely edged with gray; postmedial fine, black, almost vertical from vein 7 to vein 4, then slightly inbent, forming a lunule on each interspace, followed by some fuscous brown shading chiefly between veins 5 and 4, and from vein 3 to inner margin; the shading between veins 2 and 3 very broad and crossed by a horizontal black line; a subterminal whitish shade; a fine black marginal line, forming large lunules from vein 5 to tornus; cilia white spotted with gray brown at veins. Hind NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LHPIDOPTBRA—SOHAUS. 389 wings whitish at base, the ter men broadly: fuscous; cilia white pabaded with black at anal asia Fore wings below fuscous; inner margin white but not aes tornus; outer margin white, broadly from vein 3 to tornus; costa reddish brown with white spots on distal half. Expanse.—38 mm. Habitat Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23442, U.S.N.M. NAPREPA PALLESCENS, new species. Male.—Palpi and head dark brown irrorated with ocherous; collar and patagia whitish ocher, the thorax mottled posteriorly with dark brown. Abdomen whitish ocher with the anal hairs and broad transverse bands dorsally fuscous brown except on last seg- ment. Fore wings whitish ocher; a sub-basal brown point on costa and one below cell; an antemedial point on costa; a small dark brown shade in cell followed by a small pale brown linear and egg shaped spot on discocellular; an outcurved pale brown line to vein 4, slightly outset on vein 4, then as a thick black line inbent to tuft on inner margin; a fine double lunular line beyond postmedial, vertical from costa to vein 3, then inbent and suffusing with the black line on inner margin; a black point before this line between veins 3 and 4; a pale lilacine shade above and below median vein expanding from below vein 2 to vein 4, extending beyond the lines below vein 2; a pale reddish brown shade above vein 4 to termen below costa, and similar shades on termen between veins 3 and 4, and subterminally below vein 3; an irregular submarginal dark line irrorated with black from vein 7 to vein 3; dark terminal points on either side of veins; cilia dark brown on interspaces. Hind wings suffused with dark brown, the costa whitish ocher, also the cilia; a black spot near inner margin above anal angle. Wings below whitish, the veins brown; an inter- rupted postmedial brown line; brown shading in cell, below, and beyond it on forewing; a brown line above anal angle on hind wing. Expanse.—72 mm. Habitat. Joinville, Southeastern Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 23446, U.S.N.M. HAPIGIA DOREMA, new species. Male.—Palpi, legs, and abdomen below yellow brown. Head and collar dark purple brown with some white scales. Thorax and abdomen above dull yellow. Tarsi with white rings. Fore wings dull yellow; a fine sub-basal reddish line across costa and cell; a similar antemedial small spot on costa, a minute spot above median, and a larger spot above submedian; a fine lunular reddish line medially from cell to inner margin, where it is preceded by a fuscous spot; postmedial line fine, straight, inbent from vein 8 to below vein 2, then down bent, reddish, narrowly edged on inner side with white, 390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. and crossing a broad reddish shade from vein 2 to inner margin, also followed by some faint grayish shades; terminal space finely irrorated with red; subterminal dark streaks obliquely outbent from black points below veins; costa finely dark reddish; a round silver spot in cell, followed by a much larger silver spot around discocel- lular, containing some irregular fine red lines; some gray and white shading at apex preceded by a silver lunule between veins 7 and 8, a small spot above it, and a still smaller one just below vein 7. Hind wings white. Wings below white the cilia of forewing reddish brown. Expanse.—63 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23443, U.S.N.M. Family LIMACODIDAE. PEROLA JORGENSENI, new species. Male.—Palpi gray, shaded with fuscous in front. Head and collar light reddish brown. Thorax brownish clay color, the patagia tipped with reddish brown and gray. Abdomen with dorsal hight reddish brown tufts. Fore wings brownish clay color tinged with lilacine and somewhat irridescent; a few scattered black irrorations, forming a small subterminal spot on vein 3; two postmedial, parallel fuscous lines slightly outcurved on costa, then slightly inbent to inner margin, and with fine black lines on veins. Hind wings luteous with a few scattered dark irrorations. Wings below luteous. Expanse.—20 mm. Habitat—Formosa, Argentina. Type.—Cat. No. 23425, U.S.N.M. Received from Don Pedro Jorgensen. Family COSSIDAE. HEMIPECTRONA, new name. New name for Hemipecten Dyar (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 29, 1905, p. 177) not Adams Reeves (1848) HEMIPECTRONA JULIUS, new species. Male.—Body and fore wings creamy white; tufts on vertex mottled with light brown and fuscous; a pale brown patch on patagia ante- riorly; pale brown irrorations on thorax and abdomen dorsally. Fore wings long, the outer margin very oblique, the tornus rounded; grayish brown shading on costal and outer margins; a similar streak along vein 8 terminally; a broader shade from vein 7 terminally to vein 2; the inner margin broadly shaded with whitish ocher; medi- ally in cell a large dark cinnamon brown spot, inwardly edged by a black line, its anterior edge rounded and broad, its posterior edge on outer side incurved and descending below cell, its proximal edge less incurved, making the spot greatly constricted behind and ter- NO. 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 3891 minating in a slight knob. Hind wings white, the fore wings below with traces of the inbent lines from termen below apex. Expanse.—50 mm. Habitat—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 23448, U.S.N.M. HEMIPECTRONA VINNEA, new species. Male.—Body and fore wings creamy white; some pale brown mottling on vertex, collar, and thorax. Fore wings crossed by short and indistinct pale brown lines; a large round fuscous brown spot in cell; a small vertical streak below cell before middle; a short horizontal dark brown streak above inner margin antemedially; costal margin medially shaded with gray, beyond it shaded with brown; a postmedial gray line from vein 6 inbent and narrowing to submedian; finer marginal gray lines from vein 6 to near tornus at termen, and from vein 7 to vein 2. Hind wings white. Wings below white; fore wings with a large grayish spot irrorated behind with dark brown; costal margin striated with gray; traces of lines on terminal space. Expanse.—37 mm. Habitat.— Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23449, U.S.N.M. GIVIRA GNOMA, new species. Male.—Head, collar, and thorax whitish gray. Abdomen dark gray. Basal half of inner margin from below cell dark chocolate brown, its outer edge oblique edged with white; space above it and beyond it roseate gray; some black points along costal margin; an oblique chocolate brown fascia from costa across discocellular to vein 4, somewhat constricted below subcostal vein; a broad post- medial brown shade, vertical from costa, outbent to tornus below vein 2; terminal space above vein 2 pale gray, shading to white along margin; a few dark gray striae on outer half of wing. Hind wings pale gray with some darker striae, and a dark shade medially below costa. Expanse.—34 mm. Habitat—Joinville, Southeastern Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 23447, U.S.N.M. Allied to G. quadra Schaus, which has a dark discal point and no oblique fascia from costa. GIVIRA GUATA, new species. Male.—Body lilacine brown, the collar darker with a fuscous shade in front; abdomen with faint fuscous segmental lines. Fore wings pale lilacine brown, slightly paler before an oblique brown 392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 59. shade from the middle of costal margin to tornus; irregular trans- verse streaks between the veins, those below cell continuous to inner margin; the streaks very faint on costa. Hind wings pale brownish eray with slightly darker lines from costa to vein 2; inner margin broadly shaded with grayish brown, the lines hardly visible. Wings below almost the same; no oblique shade on fore wing; hind wings without darker shading on inner margin but a black streak along costa. Expanse.—36 mm. Habitat.— Quirigua, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23426, U.S.N.M. GIVIRA MODISMA, new species. Male.—Palpi and frons light brown, vertex fuscous brown, collar and thorax purple brown, all mottled with whitish hairs. Abdomen . dorsally mottled red brown and yellowish, laterally dull gray, ven- trally as above. ‘Tibiae and tarsi with numerous dark rings. Fore wings purple brown, shading outwardly to dull purple, crossed by numerous fine broken lines of dull fuscous; costa somewhat paler with dark brown spots; inner margin narrowly fuscous gray; cilia pale at base, followed by a fine brown line, the tips mottled. Hind wings whitish yellow; veins and a few irrorations, pale brown; a dark streak from base below cell, expanding into a triangular fuscous space from vein 2 to anal angle terminally. Fore wings below brown, the costa with yellowish irrorations between the numerous brown spots. Hind wings below yellowish white with some fine pale irrorations chiefly on veins; dark brown streaks on costal margin. Expanse.—38 mm. Habitat.—Quirigua, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23427, U.S.N.M. LENTAGENA PERFIDA, new species. Male.—Palpi, head, collar, and thorax white, thickly mottled with reddish brown; the collar behind and patagia dorsally edged with fuscous brown. Abdomen whitish with fuscous segmental lines, and paired dorsal brown tufts on second and third segments; laterally with a few dark scales; ventrally with dark brown spots largest toward base. Fore wings: Costal margin pale brown with large fus- cous spots edged with white; base brown, broken into spots by a white subbasal line and veins; a broad white antemedial shade evenly outcurved; a dark gray streak in cell medially below subcostal; inner margin white, mottled with brown and crossed by fuscous striae; postmedial space mostly gray, crossed by thick fuscous brown striae; a white and yellow streak on discocellular; veins from cell yellow brown; terminal space mottled gray and brown with some white mot- i NO, 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 393 tling near termen; a subterminal, very irregular, dull brown line edged with fuscous from vein 8 to inner margin, widest between veins 4 and 5 and veins 6 and 8; cilia dark brown with white spots at mid- dle of interspaces. Hind wings smoky gray with faint darker striae; a white shade at base, and terminally before anal angle. Fore wings below mostly smoky gray, with darker striae and spots; costal mar- gin white with numerous dark spots; termen mottled with white. Hind wings below white with numerous dark spots and thick striae, the latter suffusing somewhat postmedially, forming round white spots; a dark gray shade below cell. Expanse.—29 mm. HabitatCayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23428, U.S.N.M. LENTAGENA EURECA, new species. Male.—Palpi and throat fuscous brown. Frons dark gray, shading to dark brown on vertex. Collar whitish gray, shaded with fus- cousinfront. Thorax whitish gray, shaded with darker gray. Abdo- men above dark gray, paler terminally, with fine fuscous segmental lines. Fore wings silky, grayish white, with some dark brown striae except on extreme costa; inner margin shaded with brown; a vel- vety dark brown spot from vein 2 to submedian, its inner edge straight, its outer edge rounded; from this spot to apex a fuscous gray shade expanding toward apex. Hind wings fuscous gray. Wings below fuscous gray, the inner margin of fore wings whitish with dark striae. Expanse.—43 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23429, U.S.N.M. LENTAGENA OPHELIA, new species. Male.—Head, collar, and thorax white with brown irrorations. Abdomen whitish. Fore wings white with grayish transverse striae; inner margin with a few brown irrorations; a tringular fuscous brown spot on base of costal margin, not reaching the submedian, the longest side along costa, the shortest on basal side; a dark spot on discocel- lular, and a streak above it along costa. Hind wings white. Fore wings below without the basal spot. Hind wings below with a faint brownish shade from costa across discocellular. Expanse.—35 mm. Habitat.—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23430, U.S.N.M. PHILANGLAUS BEATRIX, new species. Male.—Palpi fuscous. Head, collar, and thorax white with some pale brown mottling. Abdomen dull gray; two dorsal dark spots near base. Fore wings white at base, limited by an oblique black 394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. line from costa to submedian, and a finer outbent line from inner margin; wing otherwise white tinged with ocherous, crossed by fine fuscous brown striae; a dark oblique line from costa near apex to vein 6, where it is outbent and bifurcated on termen; darker streaks between veins 3 and 5 uniting the transverse striae. Hind wings whitish gray with faint darker striae. Fore wings below grayer with only the subapical streak and terminal striae. Expanse.—34 mm. : Habitat.—Quirigua, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23481, U.S.N.M. HYPOPTA VASSILIA, new species. Male.—Palpi brown with pale tips. Head gray, mottled with a few brown hairs. Collar and thorax brownish roseate, mottled with white hairs. Abdomen above paler than thorax except a large dor- sal tuft near base and segmental lines; underneath whitish. Tho- rax below and legs pale gray. Fore wings: Veins and cilia on inner margin whitish, especially veins 2 and 3, and median at end of cell, the space between these two veins pale gray with some dark brown spots; costa fuscous cut by white lines into elongated spots; space below cell and vein 2 brown, curved white lines forming two large spots above submedian, the inner margin being broken into small spots; above vein 3 the wing is dark gray, with three large brown spots, one beyond cell edged by an outcurved white line, which crosses it near base of veins 3-5, a second spot subterminally from above vein 3 to vein 5, almost round in shape, and the third from above vein 5 to just above vein 8; some terminal dark spots inwardly edged by an almost continuous white line. Hind wings fuscous, showing the terminal dark spot and postmedial fascia of the underside. Wings below fuscous gray, the fore wing showing the subterminal spots and marginal white line; the hind wing with a broad white shade below costa. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat—Quirigua, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23432, U.S.N.M. HYPOPTA DELICATA, new species. Male.—Palpi brown. Body gray with some brown shading on costa behind; a triangular fuscous gray shade on abdomen near base. Fore wings white tinged with gray below cell and on outer third; dark points between costal and subcostal veins, except at base and terminally; inner margin tinged with brownish yellow to just beyond middle, where there is a short brown streak above submedian and one below vein 2; some brown streaks on inner margin; paired ter- minal brown spots edged with white at veins. Hind wings white; No, 2372. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA—SCHAUS. 8395 grayish spots at veins terminally extending on cilia. Fore wings below dark gray; cilia white on interspaces. Expanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Quirigua, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23433, U.S.N.M. HYPOPTA CLYMENE, new species. Male.—Palpi and throat dark brown. Head and collar gray. Thorax whitish gray in front, otherwise shaded with brown and with fuscous brown streaks on patagia dorsally. Abdomen dull gray with fuscous segmental lines interrupted dorsally. Body below bone color. Fore wings: Costal margin pale buff with some black striae; base and medial space below cell to inner margin brown, with some fuscous lines on inner margin; a larger subbasal black spot on costa; an antemedial spot expanding on subcostal, somewhat interrupted in cell and forming a quadrate fuscous brown spot below cell; cell medially white; a postmedial fuscous brown narrow fascia, faintly inbent and expanding obliquely below vein 2, then very narrow on inner margin, outwardly shaded with white from below vein 3; outer third of wing slate gray between veins 2 and 4 crossed by some fus- cous brown lines; above vein 4 the wing is pale buff, shading to white on termen; a subapical narrow fuscous fascia bifurcated on costa by a white spot; apex bister; some terminal dark streaks above veins 2,3,4. Hind wings dark gray, the costa whitish; markings of underside faintly discernible. Fore wings below cream color; the postmedial line not extending below vein 2; the subapical streak as above. Hind wings below white with dark striae; heavier striae on costal margin; terminal dark spots. Expanse.—40 mm. Habitat— Quirigua, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23434, U.S.N.M. HYFOPTA ALBIPUNCTA, new species. Male.—Palpi brown. Frons whitish gray. Vertex, collar, and thorax roseate brown thickly mottled with white hairs. Abdomen roseate brown, the dorsum broadly gray to just beyond middle. Thorax below whitish gray, the fore legs pale brown outwardly edged with white. Fore wings pale brown, shading to whitish gray on terminal third; faint traces of darker striae; the inner margin fringed with white; a white spot at end of cell; paired dark points at tips of veins. Hind wings whitish gray, darker on margins; the striae very faint. Fore wings below brownish gray with faint traces of striae; inner margin white. Hind wings below white; dark spots on costa and terminally at veins. Hxepanse.—25 mm. Habitat.—Quirigua, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 23435, U.S.N.M. 396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. COSSULA OMAIA, new species. Male.—Palpi brown laterally, white in front. Head, collar, and shoulders white. Thorax purple brown. Abdomen above fuscous, the two last segments and venter white. Fore wings dark purple brown, shaded with reddish brown on inner margin, and with faint darker striae; some white scaling on costal margin; a fine black line from subcostal across middle of cell to submedian; some whitish scaling on either side of discocellular; a large terminal space from veins 2-8 olive gray, preceded by some white shading crossed by fine wavy brown lines, and a vertical black line from veins 3-5 ending in black points; on the olive gray space are some horizontal black brown markings; a streak along upper side of vein 2, expanding on termen; an irregular streak along vein 4, expanding on termen to vein 5; an irregular subterminal shade between veins 5 and 7. Hind wings fuscous brown. Underneath the margins of wings are broadly whitish. The wings are long and narrow, the termen very oblique. Kxpanse.—70 mm. Habitat.—Omai, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 23436, U.S.N.M. DESCRIPTION OF FERROANTHOPHYLLITE, AN ORTHOR- HOMBIC IRON AMPHIBOLE FROM IDAHO, WITH A NOTE ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE ANTHOPHYLLITE GROUP. By Eart V. SHANNON, Assistant Curator, Department of Geology, United States National Museum. INTRODUCTION. In the summer of 1919 Mr. Frank Barker, of Kellogg, Idaho, sent to the United States National Museum for identification a lot of an asbestiform mineral which he had found in the Tamarack-Custer mine near Gem, in the Coeur d’Alene district. This material has been investigated and found to be an orthorhombic amphibole similar in properties to anthophyllite but practically free from magnesium. For this iron end member of the anthophyllite group the name ferroanthophyllite is here proposed. Requests for additional speci- mens of the amphibole and associated minerals and for detailed notes regarding the occurrence have elicited no reply from Mr. Barker. The type material is preserved in the United States National Museum (Cat. No. 93998). OCCURRENCE. The only facts regarding the occurrence of this interesting mineral which are available are the statement in the letter accompanying the material that it came from the mine and the fact that galena is in- tergrown with the amphibole in the specimens received. The latter circumstance apparently proves that the mineral occurred in the ore of a galena-bearing vein. While the Tamarack-Custer mine is located no great distance from the contact of an intrusive mass of quartz-monzonite and several dikes of quartz-monzonite porphyry are cut by the workings of the mine, the inclosing rocks are relatively unaltered quartzites in which metamorphic silicates in megascopically visible aggregates have nowhere been found. The occurrence of considerable masses of a fibrous amphibole intergrown with galena in the vein is therefore decidedly unusual. Ransome found a similar asbestiform mineral intergrown with galena in the ore of the 1 Ransome, F. L., and Calkins, F. C., Geology and Ore Deposits of the Coeur d’Alene District, Idaho: U.S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 62, p. 99, 1908. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 59—No. 2373. 397 3898 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. Hercules mine in the same district. This mineral, which was in amount too small for analysis, had in general the properties of antho- phyllite. Determination of refractive indices made by the writer on the material of Ransome’s original specimen which is preserved in the United States National Museum (Cat. No. 77071-91) indicate that this also is the iron amphibole entirely similar to that from the Tamarack-Custer mine. DESCRIPTION. The material as received consists of splintery-fibrous masses of a pale grayish-green color when dry and olive green when moist. In all, about 250 grams of the mineral were received. The individual fibers reach a maximum length of 6 centimeters. The material separates readily into very fine silky fibers, which are quite strong and flexible, being comparable to a poor quality of chrysotile, which the material greatly resembles. The true hardness of the mineral could not be determined as its fine fibrous structure renders it too weak to scratch any mineral harder than calcite. The specific gravity as determined on the Kraus modified Joly balance on pieces, probably not entirely free from included air, is 3.24 (mean of 5 deter- minations). The only associated mineral is fine granular galena, which occurs as minute veinlets cutting across the fibers, as thin fillings between the fibers, and as small nodules around which the fibers are curved. OPTICAL PROPERTIES. Under the microscope the ferroanthophyllite is seen to consist of aggregates of exceedingly fine fibers, which singly appear color- less and transparent. Aggregates of a number of fibers show the green color and pleochroism of the mineral. The extinction is in all cases exactly parallel to the edges of the fibers. No regular ter- minations could be seen nor could the shape of cross section of the fibers be determined owing to their extreme thinness. The elonga- tion is positive, as in anthophyllite, while the birefringence is slightly lower than that of anthophyllite. The indices of refraction and the birefringence as determined by immersion are as follows: a=1. 668+. 003 vy=1. 685 +. 003 y—a= .017+. 003 The pleochroism is distinct in the aggregated fibers, as follows: a=pale brownish green. y=deep brownish green. Since the fibers are exceedingly minute and adjacent fibers are not in parallel position, the optic axial angle and the intermediate value for refractive index (8) could not be accurately determined although the axial angle (2V) is apparently moderately large. =< No. 2373. FERROANTHOPHYLLITE FROM IDAHO—SHANNON. 899 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. An analysis made upon selected fibrous material, which optical study had shown to be pure, yielded the following results: Analysis of ferroanthophyllite from Idaho. STULES LCST 8 cc be te fl yl a ali Re tae ee spree Selle 49. 30 Alumina: (AIO OM Qae Be ATE ei, SE OLD, Diy SM Oe 1. 30 BennCeOxTd en (Hie, On) tmeeten euene nace Siem ae ete ceca ais eats 2.15 Herroustox(der(HeO) iets See ee eee ee oes eet ne 30. 50 Mancanomsioxide:(Mn@) iui. tie oe ok Seg SEA ee 3. 48 ITO CAO) ere ese aN Mee Le RCL peur Lee, Se SPs 10. 73 yg hbsi eu Ci) ely year eae Meet ne eel eel pl lied det fey . 66 Weaver (HO) below W109 CL. SoC ae ot. eae og .18 Water (it,0)jabovert lOUG seth i293. 95) 525 eee Sigs. ot. us 25413 ST Gel eae Ae ee ee oe us Hee oe et UE ord Be 100. 43 The above analysis yields the following ratios: Ratios of ferroanthophyllite from Idaho. SOs ee see. eet og aietie . Fedetaeain - 0.8176 8176 PL eg gi eA ee a a hg aE ec id Ue A ace gh 0127 262 eae er ct cae eta: See. ey Chime LS wre st OU et a NE iy ce arses ae or ghee Te Rta a ely Suir nee BM eh aad peo ol 4246 Wier 0) eked 2k RSET eoonernne RES es SORPON RE SW Bate

7996 Matos tants 4. sa tepsonet- ole WY... aisha 0164 PAPO io Neat ere kee hg ks ie Bs ae oe _ 1182 For the sake of simplifying consideration of the ratios, the ferric oxide and alumina may be deducted as the gedrite molecule, RO.R,O,.Si0, (x 262), the ratios remaining after this deduction being: RO AO OOIEV IMO: Of) 1 GlOUI ng Iie TOUS 6 Ti 7734 1X1.00 S@startiwollo vert even pleziane. noo sorte 5 7914 1X1. 02 The formula thus derived for the mineral is: (Fe,Ca,H,,Mn)O. SiO, or RSiO, with R = Mn:Ca:H, :Fe=2:8:5:17 approximately. It will be noted that the water given off above 110° C. is here included among the bases as an essential constituent, although present views as to the occurrence of water in minerals hold that it is quite possible for such an amount of water to be mechanically held through adsorption by a mineral of this kind. In the present case the analy- sis requires that the water be considered basic in order that the composition of the mineral may be expressed as that of a normal metasilicate. It seems more plausible here to regard the water as constitutional than to reject it as extraneous and leave the analysis with an excess of silica which can not be otherwise accounted for Water is frequently considered to be a basic constituent of amphi- boles. 400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. PYROGNOSTICS. Before the blowpipe the mineral fuses at a moderately high tem- perature to a black strongly magnetic slag. In the borax bead it reacts for iron and when fused with a large excess of sodium carbon- ate it reacts for manganese. It yields a small amount of water at a high temperature in the closed tube and is insoluble in acids. NOMENCLATURE. The above chemical and optical descriptions indicate that this asbestiform material from Idaho is an orthorhombic amphibole very similar in properties to anthophyllite yet practically free from magnesia, being in fact essentially an iron end member of the antho- phyllite group despite the fact that the iron is replaced to some extent by calcium, manganese, and basic hydrogen. Search of the literature has revealed two previously described occurrences of prac- tically pure orthorhombic amphiboles of the same sort. C. H. Warren ? in 1903 described such a mineral, an orthorhombic pure iron metasilicate resembling anthophyllite, occurring as reaction rims surrounding inclusions of fayalite in pegmatite in the granite of Cape Ann, Massachusetts. No quantitative analysis of this material was made, but a qualitative analysis established the practical absence of alumina and magnesia. While recognizing the fact that an entirely new and distinct member of the anthophyllite group was here represented, the author did not give the mineral a distinctive name, but referred to it as anthophyllite, doubtless because enough of the mineral had not been separated for a quantitative analysis. Palm- gren® in 1917 found a similar amphibole in the eulysite of Soeder- manland, Sweden, which upon analysis gave the following results: Analysis of orthorhombic amphibole from Sweden. Siea. (SiO) och pons os PN EN EE Pe Sn le cee eee 47.46 MP ABAAUE: CIORIMG- CE LING yee ee as Se a oe ser rece aud ae ee erage eee . 03 Alumina (ALO Mas se Tse. YS AS Se a ee eae .14 Rerrit oxide)(Fé;O05)-dsaet 6:- 183: soon . tod a ea Be Be . .penitine ed: dike . 34 Borrousi oxide, (FeO) cars cane {4 ete Sided ote ee es ae sea ee oe ere fe 42. 23 Manganous oxide (MnO)........ Se seas slg) ee ie se eee 3. 88 PAST CM a cas acai cette BN SRS ee wn elk ime cle ici ial chee a 5. 05 Pat CRO ee on eee ee ee ee Ce ge ter no tins ee is oes Sea misters meee 1.05 Water (H,O)...... S DUA TOT. 2 OE Ua tO ARIS, OO es . 07 TOURS ce aah gue Shae AnI ie BER aoe. eae ee Oe Adsense eee 100. 25 Palmgren also emphasizes the fact that this amphibole is distinct from anthophyllite, but, following Warren, whom he cites, he uses 2 Warren, C. H., Anthophyllite with the fayalite from Rockport, Mass., Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 16, p 339-340, 1903. 3 Palmgren, John, Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Upsala, vol. 14, p. 183, 1917. no. 2373. FERROANTHOPHYLLITE FROM IDAHO—SHANNON. 401 the name eisenanthophyllite, which becomes iron anthophyllite in English. The present writer prefers the form ferroanthophyllite as the name for the iron end member of the anthophyllite group despite the fact that the magnesium end member of the series will then require the rather unwieldy name magnesioanthophyllite. This nomenclature is in accord with that recently used by American mineralogists to designate end members of isomorphous groups.‘ The group name anthophyllite will then indicate intermediate mixtures of the two end members of the series, while the name gedrite will continue to indicate important admixture of the aluminous molecule. The possibility of occurrence of lime and of manganous members of this series is remotely indicated. 4See Wherry, E. T. (Bariohitchcockite, strontiohitchcockite, etc.), Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 51, p. 83,1916; Schaller, W. T. (magnesioludwigite, ferroludwigite), Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, p. 29, 1917, and (manganoaxinite, ferroaxinite, etc.), Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 490, p. 47, 1911. 27177—21—Proce.N.M.vol.59—26 bikers Yeas Mewalon Cn pee ied Laat ce Oe ae a bait pare Ortho idawele asubhdeteg. of Sie ANCOR? Mirren A in (S08 destribiet onli lay fae Hal: hy ore iota Gear) Yarteoiiick? + reaahtng ae thophisiite, occnitng es mbt Mana SRG ins Lyelt core OR Rapadels hn pineeen ate pt Sha rane, ins erp: shat » Mapraice ii va Guamit aide datatyens of phic kta a Peek redis, eoton, wih ahindine anasy id warhincshiabine ghey prediical, hota a atainine ‘ONd. al etane Wis tay" rebar erie wie Tats dae i Paetinete wien: we Gath uniarber oF thie srathopby lity BOD fits har peony bch). Seat mi ROR did wok wives tru! aye eee: & 1) ab awe taaree cite Wik relomood dig Yond: an tap iethine, soul ie cae mee: ROLL, of thee Cree betel: Ve ee: waters tage SO & gs cS Mee Spal yeee vee wien fy LOLS found x au neaph hole: te bia) aubepthetie ialeceiaaat ie ‘ Pe der wp Bryn mc the ayne eroneiy’ Coty waging velar ; ) Pty ibe cnt «¥ ,. TOA Ge Seay Anage gor9eb 1 reso elgg bavioetio hos Ahotulvoten odie ees babsagen: wd paruon, sid avtieup SHOR, LO Stover; “poles age Ne in otto tadgiob dertvas Bi cade. Ri zidt doyorlile er ities Ty Adgil. at otlapiv iy eg | stolons aR mew hsiey £10 ebters oil) baworte: bits uated soanee ratost ned he De P oA ai iO Isilatsd ogaveslo Al) >.dogboag oi) exes le ould aval taa al | Bat, pRpRI rare geet iebalh: sessioral oldixoh paibloiy: tooainnqpel i anal a littidsgnad, baa gaiadints, 4108 &) KOieTY Aree loutaiondon a aa deibintirys 3 ids Awhiek shrug ai®, “day Mice fi a, hc. Wa LCE Lis. TAMURA ED eos ; ; U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 93 VIVIANITE ENCRUSTING TUSK FROM IDAHO. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 415. THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CREEDITE. By WituiaM F. Fosuac, Assistant Curator, Division of Mineralogy, United States National Museum. INTRODUCTION. The mineral creedite was found by Dr. E.S. Larsen, of the United States Geological Survey, in the fluorite deposits of Wagon Wheel Gap, Creede Quadrangle, Colorado, and was described by Larsen and Wells.1 Since their description Doctor Larsen has collected a large suite of specimens which has now been deposited in the United States National Museum (Cat. No. 93117, U.S.N.M.). This material is better suited for study than the original and contains a number of specimens showing well-developed and measurable crystals. At Doctor Larsen’s suggestion this mineral was further studied and the writer wishes to express his appreciation for the interest taken by that gentleman in this investigation. OCCURRENCE. The creedite was found in two modes of association. One type of occurrence is with fluorite, either as crystals in cavities or as embedded radiated masses of crystals in the white, sacharroidal spar. The fluorite itself is banded and shows a weak radiated structure. Very minute crystals of hematite are sometimes found in the cavities in the fluorite masses. The second type shows loose, doubly terminated crystals embedded in a white, evenly textured clay described by Larsen and Wherry’ as halloysite. These crystals range up to 1 centimeter in size. Their distribution in the halloysite is very uneven, ranging from a few scattered crystals to masses of almost pure creedite. Rarely small groups of divergent crystals are met with in this clay. 1 Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, vol. 2, p. 360, 1916. 2 Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. 7, p. 178, 1917. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59—No. 2376. , 4] 42.0 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou, 59, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Creedite is ordinarily colorless, but many of the radiated masses show broad bands of a beautiful, delicate purple color. The luster is vitreous. The cleavage is pinacoidal, parallel to the 100 face. The mineral is brittle and breaks with a conchoidal fracture. The hardness is 4. The specific gravity, determined by the pycnometer method, is 2.713. (Larsen and Wells give the specific gravity as 2.730.) The common mode of aggregation is in radiated masses. OPTICAL PROPERTIES. The optical properties given below are those determined by Larsen. The indices of refraction of the new material were measured and found to agree with those given below. The mineral is optically negative. The optic axial angle as measured is: 2V.1=64° 30’+10’; 2Vy,=64° 22410’; 2V,,=64°. 20’ +10’. The dispersion was perceptible only on one axis. Extinction angle 42° 30'+30’. Optical orientation, Y =). The indices of refraction are: o=1.461 +001 B=1.478+001 =1.485+001 The axial angle calculated from these indices is 65°, agreeing well with the observed ones. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. There are two main habits of crystals, those of the first type oceurring in the fluorite, those of the second in the halloysite. The crystals of type 1 are prismatic with an equal development of the front and rear pyramids. The base on these crystals is sometimes absent but generally well developed and sometimes sufficiently large to reduce the pyramids to narrow faces. The crystals of the second type are also prismatic, are doubly terminated, and with a very prominent development of the front pyramid. The rear pyramid and base are reduced to almost minute size. The figures show some of the various types drawn so as to bring the plane of the clino- pinacoid to the front. In the calculation of the elements only the faces of the unit pyra- mid could be used. The orthodome zone, including the base, was in all cases when present considerably etched. The crystals from the clay were brilliant, but the faces were invariably curved and yielded a number of signals. The following are the angles for the unit pyramid as measured and designated as excellent. i a COO OO ee No, 2876. CREBDITE FROM COLORADO—FOSHAG. 42] Pp afi aR (itelll) TEM tly CULL, TTL) CLL, 211) ° ie ° 7 ° / ° / 34 34 54 37 28 48 52, 59 Oe 21. 54 37 28 59 52. 51 34° 23 54 31 28 44 53 «08 34 613 d4 37 28 49 53 (O00 34 28 04 37 28 50 52 52 —_— —_— 28 44 02 41 Av /==34 (129 d4 36 25 LO) 53 (O08 28 50 52. Ol 28 57 a2 bg Av.=28 02 52 57 From these 2’=0.7181, y’=1.1597, e’=0.0786, yw=85° 30’ 8=94° 30’. Since these are x’ and 7’ for the unit form, p’, =0.7181, g'o= 1.1597. These reduce to the nN SS) sy / mK monoclinic elements p,=0.7159, / See 1 ee Se a / aS Le ee qo= 1.1562, e=0.0785. MSO toy ca, aay a@=1.6199 and c=1.1597. | | | The following forms were ob- | | | | | served: | c=0 (001). This face varies in | | size from minute to large. Usually dull and etched. ob p aN Measured....... 89° 15’ 4° 427 we ma Calculated. .... 90° 00” 4° 30/

Measured ...--- 90° 00’ 90° 00’ Peles Xe Calculated. .... 90° 00’ 90° 00/ ih a m= (110)... This. is. the. only | prismobserved. It is usually bright and gives sharp signals. On the | second type of crystals it is some- | what curved and gives a multiple Fig. 1.—CREEDITE CRYSTALS, TYPE I. signal. ob p Measured). ). tere. eh sigs ae os ik -ac BL? 45@1N90° 007 Galenlatedta: ten asta. Be TE 31° 45’ 90° 00’ l= +20 (201). Occurs occasionally as dull faces yielding no reflec- tions and measured by the position of maximum illumination. The face is generally of good size. @ p Mesaured..2 acne. : Sires Sh oope eee at. On 2 eRe era Jone 89°. 00%; 56° 15/ Galeibated tec oh se eee eee atten: oe Be OB a 9027007. 562.257 4992 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU, 59. 7=-—10 (101). Observed in several cases as a dull face yielding no signal but measured by the position of maximum illumination. ’ p Measured. 05100 Ga So a3 Ge Sees ge ea 90°: 00’ 32° 10’ Oalenlatedia. Saeo5h8 sito. Sheeeees AEP. sharon ie 90° 00” 32° 35 a= +.2° (221). Alt pew present as narrow to line es faces on both types of (oe crystals. ? p Measured.. 33° 15’ 70° 08’ Calculated. 33° 09’ 70° 09 - p=+1(111). Thisis the most prominent pyramid , face and is generally bright, yielding excellent reflec- tions. In the second type of crystal it reduces the negative pyramid to small faces. ? p Measured... 34° 29’ 54° 36/ Calculated. 34° 30’ 54° 36/7 m=-—1 (111). This face is the same size as p in the 6 first type of crystal, but is ; small on the second. It is Er bright and yields excellent Fic. 2.—CREEDITE CRYSTAL, TYPE II. reflection. P Mieasuredd ccs n55 37sec i co ie ae a a 28° 52/ 52° BT’ Calculated: cohen. cto iep ei AS ea aes oat ae scene ee 200402) £02.00" The elements and calculated angles are brought together in the table given below. Creedite.— Monoclinic. | a=1, 6199 ig a=0. 209501 Ig ao=0. 145156 lg po= 9.354844 | ao=1.3969 | po=0.7159 ce=1.1597 lg c=0. 064345 lg bo=9. 935655 lg go=0. 063004 bo= .8623 | go=1.1562 u= 85° 30! lg h=9. 998659 lg e=8, 894643 lg 3 =0. 791840 h= .9969 | é€ = .0785 | Rea OV Nee nr paper CP eee meer meter ct | rz! | , Gdt. Miller. | ’ p &o | m | € b) prisms y! d'=tan p. she [100 4 | He 2 ina tap asl | e ‘ e ‘ e , . , . ‘ | c 0 001 | 96 00} 4 30; 4 30 4 30 0 0. 0785 0} 0.0785 | a | @0| 100 | 90 00} 90 00| 90 00 0| 90. 06 0 ~ 0 = ™m co 110 | 31 46 | 90 00/ 90 00! 90 00) 31 46) 58 18 0, 6192 co co t | +20 201 | 90 00 | 56 25) 56 25 0} 56 25 0 1. 5061 0} 1.5061 i —10 101 | 90 00| 32 35] 32 35 0 | 82 85 0 - 6387 0 6387 d | + 2 221 | 33 09/720 09] 56 34/66 40) 30 57) 51 5 1.5147 2. 3195 2.7760 Pp +1 111 | 34. 30 | 54 36] 38 33 | 49 14} 27 29) 42 13 7969 1. 1596 1.4071 n | -1 lll | 28 52) 52 56| 32 36) 49 14} 22 39 | 44 20 6394 1. 1596 1.3238 NO. 23876 CRHEDITE FROM COLORADO—FOSHAG. 423 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION. Creedite is easily and completely soluble in hydrochloric and sul- phuric acids. For the analysis clear, colorless crystals were selected, crushed, and examined under the microscope. The material so selected was homogeneous and without a trace of foreign matter. The mineral was dissolved in sulphuric acid and evaporated to dense fumes to expel the fluorine, and the lime and alumina determined in this portion by the ordinary methods. Sulphate was determined in a separate portion dissolved in hydrochloric acid by precipitation as barium sulphate. Fluorine was determined by Penfield’s method, volatilizing as silicon fluoride and absorbing in a 50 per cent alco- holic solution of potassium chloride and titrating this solution with Fic. 3.—GNOMONIC PROJECTION OF THE FORMS ON CREEDITE. standard sodium hydroxide. Preliminary tests of this method with the apparatus employed gave somewhat high results, due, perhaps, to the imperfect condensation of the sulphur trioxide fumes. Water was determined by Penfield’s method. The results together with the ratios derived therefrom are given in the following table: Analysis and ratios of creedite. Constituent. Per cent. | Ratios. |- : eer aS LO V72 ARO: nck | 0.610 3.0 bility? net MQNaO! | SOpeas cree 199 1.0 Rage en ae SO ASOWO Mek 1,595 8.1 REG Tor Dida ete Ah et 435 2.2 CAOAS. wae. SRiaGt Gal. task! | 595 | 3.0 116.72 | | | —O=F. 5 ive 28 | 99.44 | | | | 424 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou, 59. These figures compare well with those of Wells’s as given below, recalculated to conform with method of statement used by Wells. Analyses of creedite. | New analysis. 'Wells'sanalysis. Se | es =. | | Alls. hus sos 11.74) | 11.58 Cae ce ee 233.2. | 23.98 Saeeoe | PO CHe 10 18.32 '| H,0_. .| 06 .72 TG: 62) 10.72 11.08 Be a 4.36 3.97 Fils. eatess 30.30 | 30.35 [| | 100.00 | 100.00 | Larsen and Wells write the formula for creedite as CaSO,. 2CaF, 2A1(OH),. 2H,O. It may also be written 3CaF,. Al(OH,F),SO,. 2H,O. A determination of the water at various temperatures showed a loss of only 0.08 per cent at 250°. However, if we consider the water as all constitutional it becomes difficult to assign a simple formula to the mineral. RELATIONS. Creedite does not appear to be very closely related to any known mineral. Since it is predominately a fluoride it is best classed with them. Among these it stands closest to pachnolite with two mole- cules of sodium fluoride replaced by one of calcium sulphate. Its apparent relationship can be brought out by doubling the formula for pachnolite: Pachnolite 9 oo. 2. noe et eke CRB, hd. el. ae Creedite . . .wugse0 2: susos sve ae Pre 2Calys 2A1L(OR.F),,\2H,0, CaSO,. Creedite can then be grouped with pachnolite in a systematic classification until some closer relations can be shown. THE NORTH AMERICAN SEMIPARASITIC COPEPODS OIF THE GENUS CLAUSIDIUM. By Cuartes Brancu WILSON, Of the Department of Biology, State Normal School, Westfield, Massachusetts. INTRODUCTION. There has been much discussion with reference to those copepods which are found upon echinoderms, worms, mollusks, etc., as to whether they were to be regarded as free-swimmers, semiparasites, or true parasites. A number of closely related forms are constantly found in the open ocean and are apparently genuine free-swimmers. And yet even some of these, like Sapphirina, are known to infest various pelagic animals at times. The fact that the parasitism is usually temporary, the copepods easily changing hosts or moving about freely in the water, is the disturbing element. There seems to be an unwritten opinion that once a parasite always a parasite ought to be the prevailing rule. And when we come to examine the mouth parts we find that they are not suited either for mastication or for suction. They are rather adapted for licking up nourishment from the surface of the various organisms or from the walls of their inner (branchial) cavities. And yet Sars has shown in his Crustacea of Norway (vol. 6, p. 142) that there is no doubt about the parasitic nature of these copepods. One of the more sedentary forms is the genus Clausidiwm, which lives in the branchial cavity of certain Calianassa species. DESCRIPTIONS OF GENUS AND SPECIES. Genus CLAUSIDIUM Kessmann. Hersilia Puttier1, Wiegmanns Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, vol. 5, 1839, p. 128. Clausidium KossMann, Verhandlungen der phys.-med. Gesellschaft, n. s., vol. 7, 1875, p. 11. In 1839 Philippi established a new genus and species which he named Hersilia apodiformis. Thirty-six years later Kossmann found specimens of the same copepod and, not knowing Philippi’s paper, again made of them a new genus and species with the name Clausi- dium testudo. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 59~—No. 2377. 425 426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. Unfortunately, the name Hersilia had been twice preoccupied, once in 1816 by Savigny for an Arachnid genus and again in 1834 by Déjean for a genus of Coleoptera. Consequently it can not stand for a copepod genus, and we must accept Kossmann’s generic name Clau- sidium and the specific name apodiforme given by Philippi. With the suppression of the name Hersilia the family name Hersiliidae ~ must also be dropped, and Clausidiidae substituted in its place as has already been done by Sars.? The family is chiefly characterized, as Sars stated, ‘‘by the non- prehensile posterior antennae, the form of the anterior lip, the peculiar armature of the maxillae, and partly also by the structure of the maxillipeds.” ? The genus Clausidiwm may be thus diagnosed. External generic characters of female-—General form short, broad, and strongly flattened; first thorax segment fused with the head, second and third segments free, fourth and fifth segments fused, and covered with a single plate. No eyes visible. Genital segment of varying length, abdomen three-jointed; egg strings very short, eggs multiseriate. First antennae seven-jointed, setose; second antennae nonprehensile, tipped with long setae; mandibles bearing a tooth and a tuft of hair; first maxillae knoblike, armed with short spines; second maxillae biramose, the endopod a bipartite spine, the exopod one or more plumose setae; maxillipeds with stout basal joints and small terminal joint, tipped with plumose setae. First four pairs of legs biramose, the endopods armed with sucking disks, the first pair still further modified for prehension; fifth pair uniramose, flattened. External generic characters of male.—General form elongate, slender, much smaller than the female. Second, third, and fourth segments free, the dorsal plate on the latter covering the base of the fifth segment. Genital segment with rudimentary sixth legs on the lateral mar- gins. Abdomen three-jointed. Appendages like those of the female except the maxillipeds, which are two-jointed and armed with teeth and spines. Characteristic habit of the genus.—The male and female are fastened together in 90 per cent of the adult specimens obtained. The male clings to the abdomen of the female by means of his maxillipeds and first legs, with his dorsal surface in the same direction as hers, and this adherence is maintained even in alcohol and preservatives. Type of the genus.—Clausidium apodiforme (Philippi), monotypic. KEY TO THE SPECIES. 1. Genital segment with rudimentary sixth legs on its lateral margins; maxillipeds two-jointed and tipped with spines and teeth, males...............--.------ 2. 1. Genital segment with smooth lateral margins; masiitipdas four-jointed and tipped ° with long plumose setae, females... ...-... 20... ia2-2-2 saad as eeeeae ates 3. As Crustacea of Norway, vol. 6, pt. 11, 1917, Copepoda Cyclopoida, p. 144. 2Idem, footnote. No. 2377. COPEPODS OF THE GENUS CLAUSIDIUM—WILSON. 427 2 Posterior corners of cephalothorax, second, and third segments prolonged back- wards outside each following segment; spines at the posterior corners of genital RESTON cee ets ae ee na Ne SOME Me eae fe ee oe dissimile, new species. 2, Posterior corners of cephalothorax, second, and third segments prolonged back- wards outside each following segment; no spines on genital segment; fifth leg with fine hairs between the setae......-.......-- vancouverense (Haddon), 1912. 2. Posterior corners of cephalothorax, second, and third segments not prolonged; no spines at posterior corners of genital segment; cephalothorax widest at poste- BEG TUEAT OU IIE nae on en ie ae wae ken apodiforme (Philippi), 1839. 3. Cephalothorax twice as wide as long; dorsal plate of fourth segment covering the base of the fifth legs, not reaching the abdomen; anal laminae a half longer than wade AOL), 0OO8! 20h ote Ie Oe TEE Ost dissimile, new species. 3. Cephalothorax a quarter wider than long; dorsal plate of fourth segment covering the whole of the fifth legs and most of the abdomen; anal laminae three to four PRRTCHAS TONE AN WICE se oo Sue a eo Be ec apodiforme (Philippi), 1839. 3. Cephalothorax a quarter wider than long; dorsal plate of fourth segment covering the base of the fifth legs, not reaching the abdomen; anal laminae as wide as; Benes, FA, LAS RL EMO DORs Odes, vancouverense (Haddon), 1912. 3. First antennae half as long as the body, with short rigid hairs; abdomen and genital segment half the body length, but with only three segmentsin both............ caudatum (Say), 1818. CLAUSIDIUM DISSIMILE, new species. Host and record of specumens.—Twenty-five specimens, including both sexes, were obtained by Prof. S. I. Kornhauser at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, in the summer of 1915 from the gill chamber of a species of Callianassa dug up on the beach. Besides the adults of both sexes there were also obtained many development stages. A male and female, fastened together in the characteristic manner already noted, and mounted in balsam, have been selected to serve as types of the new species, and have been donated by Doctor Korn- hauser to the National Museum, Cat. No. 54080, U.S.N.M. External specific characters of adult female.—¥irst thorax segment fused with the head to form a cephalothorax, which is twice as wide as long and whose posterior corners are produced laterally and backward. The antennal area is well marked, but there are no eyes, the places mistaken for them by Kossmann being probably the points of at- tachment of the second antennae. Second and third segments as wide as the cephalothorax, but only a third as long, and also pro- duced laterally and backward. Fourth and fifth segments fused and covered with a single dorsal plate, which is twice as long as those on the second and third segments, but only three-fourths as wide, with rounded lateral angles and a strongly convex posterior margin. This plate projects far enough laterally to cover the entire basal joints of the fourth and fifth legs, but their rami project far beyond its posterior margin. Through the center of the body the various dorsal plates are thoroughly fused together, but their prolonged lateral margins are 428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59, separated by narrow sinuses. The genital segment is short and wide, the width to the length in the proportion of 3 to 2. The abdomen is three-jointed, the joints about the same length, but diminishing in width backward. The anal laminae are oblong, square-cornered, and convergent; each is armed with two setae, the inner of which is twice as long as the outer. The egg strings are attached to the sides of the genital segment, are about the same width as the latter, are three times as long as wide, and are slightly curved. The eggs are large and spherical, 25 or 30 in each string. The first antennae are seven-jointed, the second joint the longest, the fourth the shortest, and all the joints heavily armed with setae. These antennae are attached to the ventral surface of the head, and in preserved specimens are turned inward and backward along the ventral surface of the carapace so as to be invisible in dorsal view. The second antennae are three-jointed; the basal joint carries a long seta at its distal anterior corner; the terminal joint has a row of four long setae across the tip and one on the dorsal surface near the outer margin. The first maxillae are somewhat like those of Ergasilus, consisting of a short process armed with four setae. The second maxillae are biramose; the endopod is made up of a stout spine, bipartite at the tip, the inner branch longer than the outer; to the outer margin at about the center and to the ventral surface near the base are attached slender plumose setae, one in each place. ‘The exopod consists of a stout plumose seta bearing on its Inner margin near the base a secondary slender seta, the two being the same length as the endopod spine. The maxillipeds are made up of four joints, two longer basal jomts and two shorter terminal ones. Each of the former carries two plumose setae on its inner margin at the center; the terminal joint is tipped with a tuft of plumose setae while the penultimate joint carries a single seta on its outer margin. In the peculiarly modified first legs the large flattened spine or plate on the inner margin of the endopod is short and blunt, quite different from the slender, acuminate-pointed plate of apodiforme. The spine at the inner margin of the second joint is foot-shaped, with a bluntly rounded toe; the spine at the base of the process on the third joint is stout and bluntly pointed. The process itself is wide, longer than the spines and tipped with a claw; it is armed with three sucking disks. The exopod is three-jointed; the two basal joints each have a single spine on the outer margin, while the terminal joint has two on the outer margin and two at the tip, of which the inner one is con- siderably the longer. The second, third, and fourth legs are similar to those of apodiforme, with slight differences. In the fifth legs there are three spines at the tip, of which the central one is the longest and a fourth on the outer margin near the center. Total length, 1.40 mm. Width of cephalothorax, 1 mm. Length of egg strings, 0.40 mm. xo. 2377. COPEPODS OF THE GENUS CLAUSIDIUM—WILSON. 429 External specific characters of immature female.—General body form elogate and slender, the exact reverse of that in the mature adult. In the latter the total length is to the width of the cephalo- thorax as 10 to 7, while in this immature female the proportion is nearly as 3 to 1. The cephalothorax is elliptical, the length and width being about the same; the prolongations at the posterior cor- ners take more of a backward and less of a lateral direction. The second and third segments are considerably narrower than the cephalothorax, and are prolonged at their posterior corners similarly. The dorsal shield on the fourth segment is strictly confined to that segment and does not overlap even the fifth segment; it is about the same width as that on the third segment. The fifth and genital segments are uncovered and wholly visible in dorsal view. The fifth segment is contracted anteriorly into a sort of neck and then widened through the bases of the fifth legs. The gential segment is trapezoidal in outline. The abdomen is three-jointed and three times as long as wide; the anal laminae are slender, much longer than wide, and each is armed with two short setae on the outer mar- gin and two much larger ones at the tip, of which the inner is fully twice the length of the outer. The first antennae are relatively longer than in the adult, and the other appendages are about the same, except the swimming legs, whose rami have only two joints instead of three. Total length, 0.90 mm. Width of carapace, 0.32 mm. External specific characters of male.—General body form about halfway between those of the mature and immature females. It is not as slender as the young female and much less thickset than the mature adult. The cephalothorax is nearly orbicular, the same width and length. The second and third segments are considerably narrower and quite short. Their posterior corners and those of the cephalothorax are prolonged backward; those of the third segment reach well beyond the center of the fourth segment and are bluntly rounded. The dorsal plate of the fourth segment is quadrangular, three-fourths as long as wide, and overlapping the bases of the fifth legs. The genital segment is also quadrangular and carries the rudiments of a sixth pair of legs on its lateral margins at about the center; at each posterior corner is a long spine. The abdomen is three-jointed, the last joint irregularly divided. The anal laminae are oblong and like those of the female, but each carries four setae, three at the tip and one on the outer margin. The inner one at the tip is the longest and is fully twice the length of the next in size. The appendages are very similar to those of the female, the chief differences being found in the maxillipeds and first legs, both of which are used as prehensile organs. Total length, 0.67 mm. Width of cephalothorax, 0.30 mm. 430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. CLAUSIDIUM CAUDATUM (Say). Binoculus caudatus Say, Journ. Acad, Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1818, p. 437. Host and record of specimens.—This parasite was found in con- siderable numbers on various parts of the body of Callianassa major Say, dug from the sand of the bay shore of the St. John River in Florida by Thomas Say. External specific characters of female-—Body subovate; cephalo- thorax semioval or parabolic, posterior edge retuse for the reception of the free thorax; anterior antennae horizontally extended, more than half as long as the body, with short, rigid hairs. Basal seg- ments of free thorax very short, transverse; terminal segment longer, semiorbicular, narrower than the preceding ones and concealing the genital segment; abdomen and genital segment half as long as the body, with three segments, the basal one (genital segment) longitudinally quadrate, the second one transversely quadrate, the third segment bifid and bisetous at the tip. Length, 0.82 mm. In nine-tenths of the specimens the two sexes were taken together, the male clinging to the abdomen of the female so as to conceal by his body the two terminal segments. Remarks.—The above description is modified from the one given by Say and somewhat condensed. The nomenclature has been changed to agree with that now in use for the copepods, but other- wise the statements are as Say gave them. They leave no doubt of two things—first, that he was describing a species of Clausidium, and second, that it differed from the other species in important par- ticulars. In referring the species to its genus Say declared: “I have placed this parasite in Geoffroy’s genus Binoculus, not in consequence of the particular definition of that genus, but from a general resem- blance in the outline and similarity in the number and proportion of the segments of the body, which it unquestionably bears, to the singular animal discovered by that author, now the type of the genus.” This “singular animal’ was the European Argulus foliaceus, and it is very evident that Say was not dealing with anything belong- ing to that genus. Accordingly we may transfer his species to the genus Clausidvwm and retain its specific name until future research can furnish us the details necessary to fully establish it. No. 2377. COPEPODS OF THE GENUS CLAUSIDIUM—WILSON. 431 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE 94. Clausidium dissimile, new species. Fic. 1. Dorsal view of adult f>male. 2. Dorsal view of immature female. 3. Second antenna of female. 4. Second maxilla of female. 5. Second legs of adult female. Fies. 6-8. Third, fourth, and fifth legs of male. PuaTe 95. Fic. 9. Dorsal view of male. 10. First antenna of female. 11, First swimming leg of female. 12. Fourth swimming leg of female. Fies. 13-15. Second, third, and fourth swimming lege of immature female. Fie. 16. Fifth leg of adult female. . ppgles aninas! Wigerered: bw rik anther opie the tye cil emees: Thy stagaler Agiont was tho Enropoan rots: fe mand bts wesy evisieat shat Say waa nt ne with “he q Che WS that Gents ye Oaks >) Shara satiovel, or pastahelis, bp PaeNG 1h thsondline and. sientasty in tre: nitihey gin: eer ane fo ee, i 7. aan a as Mita tree: thorax; ontarion.aniegn ema WS 28 lone ag tha-howy. we arent: fof fore besa wane: oo “ta ‘biti and, Saeko * ie thy Lanets, ® 3 ea Titentby at ihe sparamana the Wap ames Wert ae a Dea eate elingine io tie shdgown of the fanale s¢ 8 00 al faemody tad wo lormingl sagrbente.. femirhs The whore dosoripiion. ia qbbilied bon ihe os by Sar’ and Rergenbel. gondennéd... Phe! vornnnelssatge) changed me nwtee with iheal now in uae dor tee op , a Wie The Balnmonts ure ds Sey gave them.” phew: lonity i yi cee SeO beets! bunt ho wea nexecthing- apogiae, of. Chenbiengaa MA MpCOM. that it: differed from the other spackia a ynportent pane Damen, ila reletrios thy spociee, Lo iia penne Say dechanede Se have Biaged this porxsiia in Goqifroy’s gonna Simoubs, vet iy aonseiaann Ruse particule _ 2 i Sa a , heal ‘ f 3a? a 2 r Se ee " = s Ae “ » ~ ae ren Ye = oF Cn Ao . ; ad - “4 i if = : di A - a, a be" eas ro z 7 = | = ata * ns — 5 7 < i ae ‘ a mostly less than a millimeter in 1 See p. 477 following. 474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou, 59. diameter. Among these are scattered many small particles of iron, small particles of pyrrhotite, and a few chondri of larger size, oval in outline in cross section, and showing eccentric radial structure in some cases. Hight of these larger chondri measure from 1 to 6 milli- meters in their shortest diameters and from 1 to 8 millimeters in their longest diameters. The particles of iron measure mostly from one-tenth to one milli- meter in cross section on a polished surface. They are entirely isolated from each other and have, as it appears, a haphazard arrange - ment through the mass of the stone, except that they do not occur in the chondri and that in a few places on the ground surfaces exam- ined they lie in irregular crescentic lines. On a polished surface the iron has a white, almost silvery, color. In their shape the iron particles are very variable. Sections seen on a polished surface defy any general description except negatively. None of their sections are circular in outline and very few are limited Fic. 2.—OUTLINES OF SECTIONS OF GRAINS OF IRON AND OF PYRRHOTITE FROM THE TROUP METEORITE, AS SEEN ON A POLISHED SURFACE OF THE STONE. ‘I'HE CLOSELY SHADED AREAS REPRESENT PYRRHOTITE, WHILE THE LIGHT SHADED AREAS REPRESENT METALLIC IRON. MAGNIFIED ABOUT 25 TIMES. by straight lines. Some of the outlines of such sections are shown in figure 2. Among some grains that were separated from the siliceous matrix three roughly outlined but distinctly square faces were observed under the microscope. The pyrrhotite present occurs in grains apparently of quite as indefinable forms as the iron grains fe | in about the same abundance and distribution as these. On the whole, the pyrrhotite grains are slightly smaller in size. On a polished surface the pyrrhotite has a brownish metallic color. By immersing a polished surface of the stone in a solution of copper sulphate the pyrrhotite is soon covered with a bright coating of copper, and the grains of this mineral are thus readily identified. Many of the pyrrhotite grains are closely No. 2383. THE TROUP, TEXAS, METEORITE—UDDEN. 475 adherent to the iron grains, from which some come out as extensions or arms. The boundary between the two is in all such cases sharply defined. The bulk of the siliceous material, which makes more than 90 per cent of the mass of this meteor, is finely granular, the finest grains measuring near one-sixth of a millimeter in diameter. This has a gray color. The larger chondri are very light gray. The mineral nature of this part of the meteorite has not yet been determined. It can to some extent be inferred from the chemical analysis given below. The specific gravity of this meteorite, roughly determined, aver- ages 3.6. The chemical composition of the meteorite has been investigated by Dr. E. P. Schoch, of the University of Texas, assisted by Mr. J. KE. Stullken. The following quantitative determinations were made: Per cent. Per cent. BiQ), |... Bae ees ease neat SONGS yp ag Olceth oe cesar Brae kia. 3. 86 78 0) PR ne eR er a SHON Oey aicie at OMe Satete ala tick cine « 8. 23 Pe (metallic) 22 shee jes eee Sra LE 6d eek 0 Saale Se a ee a . 51 PES oe on 3c Ny ek, Bee SCO iG (BTAPMILE) case tees. os kes sees . 80 HEO i .)ace55 {5.2 ee ee 22.27 | Hg,O (loss drying at 110° C.).... 1.10 ON eee Bocas hi le eae same yA IPRIGIONMORS.). sata Se ele alekice ss . 90 NVI OB Embark er iah feos hoiatanete ee aene 1, 24 Meee ae oars Sects cfs aS atell ciclo 2. 03 100, 03 IVI ae Cg acs tee siete 4. 30 Doctor Schoch also makes the following observations: The total sulphur was found to be 6.20 per cent. Treating the sample with nitric acid the free sulphur obtained was 2.91 per cent. This has been combined with iron in the form of ferrous sulphide, which is found to be 8 per cent. The rest of the sulphur (3.29 per cent) is in the form of sulphur trioxide, which amounts to 8.23 per cent. The total iron is 25.53 per cent. Metallic iron was found to be 3.12 per cent. The iron in ferrous sulphide (8 per cent) equals 5.09 per cent. The remaining iron (17.32 per cent) is in the form of ferrous oxide, which amounts to 22.27 per cent. The other determinations were made by the usual method and did not give any difficulty. This piece of meteorite had a black surface. Itis easily broken. The fresh surface thus exposed was brownish with many small black and gray specks. After crushing pieces of this meteorite in a mortar some hard black particles, vary- ing in size up to a small pin head, were easily removed by a magnet and proved to be metallic iron. The presence of sulphides was easily suggested when dilute hydrochloric acid pro duced the odor of hydrogen disulphide. The residue unattacked by hydrochloric, nitric, sulphuric, and hydrofluoric acids consisted of minute black particles, which proved to be carbon in the form of graphite. It was found that this meteorite was not strictly of uniform composition; the results given represent somewhat of an average. 476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Pruate 100. ’ Upper.—The anterior view of the larger fragment of the Troup meteorite. About three-fourths natural size. Lower.—The posterior side of the larger fragment of the Troup meteorite. About three-fourths natural size. Puate 101. Polished cross section of the Troup meteorite. The larger iron grains are the lightest spots. Several chondri appear, the largest near the left-hand corner. The dark blotches are due to oxidation of the iron immediately after polishing. A vein runs a sinuous course parallel to the lower margin. Magnified to twice the diameter of the stone. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 100 THE TROUP, TEXAS, METEORITE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 476. 10! PL, PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59, NATIONAL MUSEUM Ss. U. METEORITE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 476, TEXAS, THE TROUP U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 102 MICROSTRUCTURE OF TROUP METEORITE. THE WHITE AREAS ARE MASKELYNITE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 477. ON THE MINERAL COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE TROUP METEORITE. By Greorae P. MERRILL. Head Curator of Geology, United States National Museum. The general megascopic character of this stone has been sufficiently described in Prof. J. A. Udden’s paper.!. The chondritic structure is quite indistinct and might at first seem doubtful but for the occa- sional presence of eee forms (2 to 3 mm. in diameter) of a white and gray color. The texture is firm and the chondrules break with the matrix. The amount of metal (3.1 per cent) given in Doctor Schoch’s analysis (p. 475) is much smaller than one would be led to suppose from the appearance of a polished surface (see pl. 101 of Pro- fessor Udden’s paper), and the writer ventures to suggest that the small amount of material (‘‘some 2 or 3 grams”’) utilized did not cor- rectly represent the character of the stone as a whole. This has in the past been an altogether too frequent cause of error by those who have regarded meteorites as too precious for exhaustive study. In thin sections under the microscope the stone presents an extremely variable, granular, and indistinctly chondritic structure, such as is characteristic of many of the intermediate chondrites, to which group this stone is assigned. So extremely variable is it as to almost baffle description (pl. 102). Areas of closely interlock- ing olivines and enstatites in crystalline granules of considerable size give way abruptly to those showing large irregular outlined fragmental material surrounded by narrow zones so finely granular as to give only aggregate polarization, and these again to imperfect chondroidal forms, sometimes porphyritic and sometimes of barred or radiate structure. Throughout the entire mass and within the chondrules themselves abundant irregular clear and transparent, almost completely isotropic areas of glass (maskelynite), with interstitial areas of colorless calcium phosphate (merrillite) are by no means rare. Indeed, so abundant are the last named that it 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 59, 1921, pp. 471-476. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59—No. 2384. 477 478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. would seem their presence should have been made known by the analysis (p. 475). This, together with an even greater abundance of the isotropic maskelynite, constitutes the most interesting feature of the stone. The pyroxenic constituent is almost completely color- less in the section and is evidently a normal enstatite. The metal, sulphide, and other opaque constituents require no special mention. 2 Doctor Schoch’s attention having been called to this discrepancy, he has, since the above was in type, made further investigations and reported 0.51 P2305. See p. 475 of Udden’s paper. A CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE DATOLITE FROM WESTFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS. By Ear V. SHANNON, Assistant Curator, Depariment of Geology, United Stales National Museum. INTRODUCTION. The locality of Westfield, Massachusetts, has within the past 18 years produced datolite crystals in such abundance and of such unusual size and perfection of form that the specimens have become well known and are now widely distributed in mineralogical collec- tions. The datolite of this occurrence was first described by Whit- lock,! whose work apparently was based on only a few crystals. Upon these 27 forms were found, four of which were new. Imme- diately following the publication of Whitlock’s paper, Kraus and Cook? published a more extensive study of this datolite, their col- lection consisting of some 45 crystals, of which 10 were measured in detail. They added three new forms to the list and found a number of previously known forms not present on the crystals examined by Whitlock. Later Gérgey and Goldschmidt,’ in a gen- eral study of datolite, examined 11 crystals from Westfield, upon which they found eight new forms; and later still Ungemach * has reviewed all previous work on the mineral from this locality and measured eight crystals on which nine additional new forms were found. Thus 23 new forms had been found in the study of only approximately 70 crystals from a locality which had produced thousands of crystals of datolite—a fairly dependable indication that additional studies based upon the mineral from this locality might produce interesting results. While a resident at Springfield, Massachusetts, between February, 1918, and April, 1919, the present writer had opportunity at frequent intervals to visit the quarries which yield the datolite. The modes of occurrence of the datolite and associated minerals were carefully observed with a view of describing the locality, and the crystallo- 1 Bull. 98, N. Y. State Mus., pp. 19-22, 1905. 2 Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 22, p. 21, 1906. 3 Zeitschr. Kryst., vol. 48, p. 652, 1910. ‘Ungemach. Zeitschr. Kryst., vol. 49, p. 470, 1911. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 59—No. 2385. 479 480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. graphic and other characters of the several minerals, with a discus- sion of their paragenesis and origin. Several shorter preliminary papers on various subjects relating to the locality have already been published. It was planned to make the present paper final and complete, but the crystallographic data on the datolite has assumed such proportions that it has been decided to reserve discussion of other subjects for another and final paper to be presented shortly. The following discussion of the crystallography of the Westfield datolite is based upon a very thorough acquaintance with the mate- rial. While at the quarries these specimens were selected with the view of securing as many variations in habit as might occur. Speci- Fig. 1.—STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SHOWING THE COMMON FORMS OCCURRING ON DATOLITE, PLOTTED IN THE DANA ORIENTATION. THE SYMMETRY IS EXPRESSED BY THE FALLING OF THE FORMS IN VER- TICAL ZONES. mens from unusual situations were especially sought, and all of the quarries were systematically sampled at various times while work was in progress. The United States National Museum had already acquired several excellent exhibition specimens of this datolite which were available for study, and in addition to these and the collection made by the writer a lot of some 35 specimens collected over a period of several years following the opening of the quarries was secured by exchange from Mr. William L. Fitts, of Springfield. The entire stock of this material held by Ward’s Natural Science Establishment was also borrowed for study. From this large number of specimens about 200 crystals were selected for study, and after numerous preliminary measurements about two-thirds of this number were eliminated as duplicates. The series of about 50 crystals which was completely studied represents a concentration containing No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 481 all the unusual forms and variations in habit occurring in upward of a thousand crystals. After much work had so familiarized the writer with the datolite and the peculiarities of outline and etching of the various forms that almost any given crystal could be oriented and its forms identified with a fair degree of accuracy by simple vision, the Westfield datolite specimens in the Brush collection of Yale University and in several private collections were examined without revealing any habits or any prominent forms not represented in the writer’s final series of crystals. METHODS. The study of the datolite was begun and carried through the exami- nation of some 30 crystals by zonal measurement with a Fuess 1- Fic. 2.—STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SHOWING THE SAME FORMS AS FIGURE 1 BUT PLOTTED IN THE GOLDSCHMIDT ORIENTATION. THE POORER EXPRESSION OF THE SYMMETRY IS APPARENT. circle goniometer, the symmetry relations of the various forms being worked out in stereographic projection, many of the forms being identified graphically. Despite the pronounced zonal relations exist- ing between the various forms on datolite this method was more or less unsatisfactory, and the attendant trigonometric calculations were so tedious and consumed so much time that the problem was finally laid aside for more than a year, since it was obvious that the work could be done much more easily and simply by using a Goldschmidt 2-circle goniometer and attendant methods. Recently such an instru- ment has become available and the work which had been so difficult by the older system became fairly easy. The measurements made by the 1-circle goniometer were all rejected and the crystals remeas- 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59—— 31 482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 59. ured by the newer instrument. The numerous calculations of angles given in the tables were made by the use of Goldschmidt’s formulas and the crystal drawings, which had been made by older methods using axial crosses, were redrawn, for the sake of the greater accu- racy attainable, from the gnomonic projection. It was possible with the 2-circle goniometer to measure many faces which it was practically impossible to measure zonally. It may be appropriate to state that Fics. 3-4.—3, ORTHOGRAPHIC AND CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS SHOWING A CRYSTAL OF TYPE 1, THIS BEING THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOST FREQUENT OCCURRENCE AT WESTFIELD. 4, ORTHOGRAPHIC AND CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS OF CRYSTAL 2, PRISMATIC BY ELONGATION ON THE a@ AXIS. ‘the writer, who up to this time had used only the 1-circle goniometer and attendant methods of plotting, projection, calculation, and drawing, is thoroughly convinced of the incomparable superiority of the 2-circle goniometer and the methods devised to accompany its use. It is necessary in measuring these datolites to handle on the goni- ometer some large and decidedly awkward crystals, since many of the rarer forms are practically confined to the largest crystals. The No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 483 average diameter of the crystals measured was approximately 1 cm., but crystals up to 3 cm. in diameter were measured at times. In these cases it is often necessary to shift the crystal backward and forward during measurement, thus slightly affecting the accuracy of the measurements, but the close agreement between the angles meas- ured and the calculated angles indicates that in most cases the errors due to this cause are small. Many of the rarer forms which are present as small faces are characteristically etched and dull, and — ae a Fics. 5-6.—5, ORTHOGRAPHIC AND CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS OF SYMMETRICALLY DEVELOPED DATOLITE CRYSTAL OF THE ACUTE HABIT DESIGNATED TYPE 2 BY KRAUS AND COOK. A COMMONLY OCCURRING HABIT AT WESTFIELD. 6, ORTHOGRAPHIC AND CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS OF A SYMMETRICALLY DEVELOPED CRYSTAL OF THE PRISMATIC TYPE WITH LARGE DEVELOPMENT OF a (100), DESIGNATED TYPE 3 BY KRAUS AND COOK. SHOWS UNUSUAL FORM ¢ (101). many faces which are clearly visible reflect no light at all. Many measurements are rendered inaccurate, even though the signal was clearly discernible, by the fact that the illumination was insufficient to render the cross hairs visible and the signal could only be brought to an approximation of the center of the field. In many cases small and partly etched faces which give only a faint signal are hard to accurately measure, because they fall so near other larger and highly 484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Von. 59. polished faces that the brilliant signals in the field render it almost impossible for the eye to distinguish the fainter signals. In general no face was considered which did not yield an unmistakable signal, and, conversely, no signal was measured unless its face was readily visible under a lens. In many cases a single crystal will yield a measurable signal from a face representing a form which is repre- sented on all other crystals only as dull etched faces yielding no reflec- tion of light. Were more attention paid to working out the prob- able identity of dull faces by zonal relations and to measuring signals of doubtful authenticity which may represent minute faces or internal fractures, etc., the number of new forms listed might be more than doubled. In the working out of the crystals by the Goldschmidt method the writer has been greatly assisted by the articles on this method which Fic. 7.—CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF A DATOLITE CRYSTAL OF TYPE 4 HABIT (CRYSTAL 36) SHOWING THE CHARACTERISTIC POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ORTHODOME ZONE. have appeared from time to time in recent numbers in the American Mineralogist. He has also to here express his obligation to Dr. Edgar T. Wherry and William F. Foshag for valuable advice and assistance. . ORIENTATION. There are at present in use two prominent orientations for dato- lite—the Levy orientation, which was adopted by Dana and which will be referred to subsequently as the Dana orientation, and the orientation of Rammelsberg, which is followed by Goldschmidt and is best known as the Goldschmidt orientation. In the Goldschmidt orientation the form which in the Dana orientation is the dome g(012) becomes the unit prism m (110). The axes are thus inter- changed, axis d, Dana orientation, becoming axis ¢, Goldschmidt orientation, and 4 axis ¢, Dana orientation, becoming axis d, Gold- schmidt orientation. The axial ratios for the two orientations are then as follows: d:b: ¢=0.63446 : 1: 1.26574 Dana orientation. ad: 6: ¢=0.63287 :1: .63446 Goldschmidt orientation. No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 485 The Dana orientation has naturally been preferred by most Amer- ican authors and also by Ungemach and other European authors who still use the 1-circle goniometer. The majority of German mineralogists and most others who use the 2-circle goniometer and Goldschmidt methods have used the Goldschmidt orientation. Various advocates of each of these two methods have endeavored to justify their preference by showing either that the orientation which they favored gave simpler indices or that it better illustrated the relationships existing between datolite and the other members of the group which includes homilite, gadolinite, and euclase. Fics. 8-9.—8, ORTHOGRAPHIC AND CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS OF CRYSTAL 28. AN UNUSUAL HABIT WITH THE STEEP PYRAMIDAL FORM OF TYPE 2 BUT WITH AN ORTHODOME SERIES INCLUDING & (205) AS IN CRYS- TALS OF TYPE 4. 9, ORTHOGRAPHIC AND CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS OF CRYSTAL BY SHOWING UNUSUAL PYRAMIDAL FORM WITH THE FORMS h (768), & (454), fi, (361), AND mj, (12.25.1). The difference in relative simplicity of indices is not greatly in favor of either orientation when all the known forms are considered, although it is possible to select groups of forms or zones which yield comparisons favoring either position. This is well illustrated by the method of adding the indices of the same forms for the two orien- tations. Thus, when the sums of the indices of the forms given in Table 1 are obtained the indices for the Dana orientation total 1,101, while the sum of the indices for the same forms in the Goldschmidt orientation is 1,113, the difference being too small to be of any importance. Similarly, the sum of the indices of the new forms 486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. given below is 811 for the Dana position and 927 for the Goldschmidt position the difference in each instance favoring the former orien- tation. In the majority of occurrences of crystallized datolite the crystals are so developed that the zone adopted as prismatic by Goldschmidt is much more prominent and recognizable than the zone taken as prismatic in the Dana orientation, this constituting the most practical argument in support of the Goldschmidt orien- tation, as it is consequently much easier to adjust crystals in polar position for measurement on the 2-circle goniometer in this orien- tation than in that of Dana. In the present work the Dana position is used, however, because it is more familiar to American mineralo- gists and because of priority of its use for datolite, homolite, and Fics. 10-12.—10, PORTION OF CRYSTAL B7. CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SHOWING NEW FORMS 3 (263), B (192), © (1.10.2), AND T (1.20.15). 11, CRYSTAL B8. CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SHOWING DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRYSTAL AND THE NEW FORM 2(205). 12, CRYSTAL B8. CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF DETAIL SHOW- ING Mj (231), W (382), PB (192), Q (1.10.2), € (380). gadolinite. The indices in general are not simpler in the Gold- schmidt orientation, and the Dana orientation shows the crystallo- graphic and optical relationships between the several members of the group equally well. Perhaps the most convincing support for this orientation is the symmetry relations existing between the common forms ‘These relations are brought out by the stereo- graphic projections, figures 1 and 2, which show the zonal relations existing between the commonly occurring forms for datolite in the two orientations. The use of two orientations for datolite has been a source of con- siderable confusion since new forms have been described in either No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 487 orientation according to the preference of the worker. The investi- gators using the 2-circle goniometer have been compelled to choose Goldschmidt’s orientation or undertake the alternative of recalculat- ing long tables of angles and of converting all forms to indices in terms of the Dana orientation. This has been done by the writer, and the tables, which represent a considerable expenditure of time and labor, are here reproduced for the benefit of future workers who may prefer the Dana position. Thus in table 1 is given a list of all known forms described for datolite, with the letters assigned them and the equivalent indices and symbols in the two orientations, together with references to the publication from which the writer obtained the data on the form. In table 2 the same list of forms is given with the angles calculated for all forms in the Dana position. For convenience in comparing measured angles this table is arranged by ascending yg and positive and negative forms are segregated. Also in table 4 is given a list of the new forms added by the present investigation, with equivalent indices and symbols, while in table 6, for the convenience of those preferring the Goldschmidt position, the new forms are listed with their calculated angles in the Goldschmidt orientation. For calculating angles in Dana’s orientation the follow- ing mathematical constants were used: a= .63446 lg.a= 9.80243 h= 1.0000 c= 1.26574 lg. c=10.10243 e= .0025 Po = 1.995 Ig. py = 10.29994 le. a 10.19762 oO Jo = 1.226 lg. go =10.10232 b= eco ee te Ig.e= es ae le. sin. pf ° lg. cos. wJ beet! Owing to the similarity in angles that exists between the two zones which are taken as prismatic in the two orientations, it is very easy to inadvertently interchange these. The very close similarity is shown by the following comparison of angles: m(110) Am’’’(110) =64° 47’ g(012)A_— (012) = 64° 40’. e(320) A. e!’"(320) =45° 51’ (013) A __—s-t’(013) =45° 45’. A(210) A A’’"(210) =35° 12’ = (014)A_— a (014) = 35° 07’. 0(120)A 0’ (120)=76° 29’ m,(011)A m,(011) =76° 37’. In addition to this common cause of confusion is the fact that the mineral approximates so very closely to orthorhombic symmetry (8=89° 514’) that the difference in angle between corresponding positive and negative forms is very small, and it is consequently possible to rotate crystals 180° from true position, especially if the angles measured are not very exact and the crystal is simple in com- 488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. bination. The danger of committing errors of orientation is naturally much greater with simple crystals than with highly modified crystals showing a large number of forms. In some rare instances it is possible to completely measure a crystal of this mineral without obtaining measurements which will show conclusively how it should be oriented, the difficulty then having to be settled by optical examination. The various characteristic etchings and irregularities which occur on the faces are of greatest value in orienting the crystals, and for this reason these peculiarities are described in considerable detail below. While every crystal measured by the writer has been carefully con- Sidered and the possibility of error in orientation carefully weighed, it is possible though improbable that one or more crystals were measured in a wrong position. TABLE 1.—Datolite. Giving a list of forms previously recorded for datolite with equivalent indices and symbols in the Dana (Levy) and Goldschmidt (Rammelsberg) orientations. . - Goldschmidt Dana orientation. erie tito: at = 5 Reference. : Gold- : | Gold- Miller. schmidt. Miller. | schmidt. * | a 100 co 0 001 0 | Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. b 010 0c 010 0c Do. c 001 0 100 co 0| Do. m(M) 110 co O11 | 0.1] Do. 0 120 co 2 021 | 0 2) Do. 1 130 co 3 031 | 0 3 Do. 8 140 co 4 041 + 0 4) Ungemach, Zeits. Kryst., v. 49, p. 470, 1911. A 210 20 012 | 0 4) Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. T 230 co} 032 ! 0 $3 Do. N 340 co ¢ 043 0 ¢)| Hawkins, Amer. Journ. Sci., v. 39, p. 474, 1915. n 410 40 014 0 i Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. s 530 $o 035 0 | Ungemach, Zeits. Kryst., v. 49, p. 470, 1911. e 320 3 00 023| 0 | Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. maz(m) oll 01 120 co 2| Do. g 012 04 110 © | Do. t 013 0 4 320 30 Do. o 014 0 4 210 2 0c Do. Q 018 0 4 410 4 co | Do. Mz 0-1-10 0 + 510 5 coo | Kraus & Cook, Amer. Journ. Sci., v. 22, p. 21, | 1906. S 021 0 2 140 co 4} Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. h 023 0 2 340 co ¢ Do. My 067 0 ¢ 7-12-0 co 42| Kraus & Cook, Amer. Journ. Sci., v. 22, p. 21, 1906. ? 101} +1 0 102} + 4 0! Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. | 102 +40 101 +1 0| Do. pee 103| +4 0 302| +3 0 Do. wu 104 ++ 0 201 +2 0 Do. p 106 | +3 0 301; +3 0) Do. q 1-0-14 | +7; 0 701 | +7 0) EA Zeits. ae v. 47, p. 583, 1910. wv 201; +2 0 104} +3 0) dschmidt Winkeltabellen. I 203 | + #4 0 304} + 72 0) Palgone, Zeits. Kryst., v. 47, p. 583, 1910. 3 302} +2 0| 103 | + 4 0 | Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. f 304; +2 0 203 | + 4% 0 0. y S 308| +# 0 403 | + ¢ 0| Gorgey & Gdt., Zeits. Kryst., . 48, p. 652, 1910. el No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 489 TABLE 1.—Datolite—Continued. : . Goldschmidt Dana orientation. orientation: ee Reference. . Gold- 1 Gold- Miller. | schmidt.| Miller. | schmidt. k: 3-0-10| +5 0 503 | + § 0 | Ungemach, Zeits. Kryst., v. 49, p. 470, 1911. j 502} +3 0 105| +4 0 Do. y 601; +6 0 1-0-12| +y: 0 Do. II 101 | — 10 102 | — 4 0) Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. é 102/000 OO 1810 Do. a 104; — 4 0 201 —2 0 Do. z 301 | — 20 {04 2 0 Do. } 3028 (s—4s 00 103) |e; 42.0 Do. g 304 | — 4 0 203 z 0 Do. r 024s 0 224107 |) = 320 Do. I= 0228 |e = 4200 1-0-11 | —,, 0 | Ungemach, Zeits. Kryst., v.49, p. 470, 1911. n lll) + 1 122} + 4 1 Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. A SD etd eer een Do. L 13 | +4 B22" + 3 1 Do. Ww 114} +3 Bus) roe 1 Do. j 115] + 2 522) |) ee ed Do. Zz Lig seiee ae SU OER se Do. 11-18} + xs 911} +9 1) Eakle, Bull. Dept. Geol. U. Cal.,v.2, p.318, 1990, | B 121} --al 2 142} + 4 2} Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. Q 122} +41 121-) + 1-2 Do. U 138 tater aye 349)| 41am 2 Do. x 124; +4 3 221; + 2 Do. n (k) 139) eas 131| + 1 3] Whitlock, Sch. Mines Quar., v.31, p. 225, 1905. D 1333) 4d" ol 362} + 3 3] Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. f 144} +4 1 241; +2 4 Do. p 148i ee AE Cte eA. Do. D 21; +2 1 124") +2 ¢ Do. 0 212 +1 3 112 + % Do. v 213) +24 4 324} +3 4 Do. My 215| +2 3 524] +5 & Do. A DiGi 41s F 312) +354 Do. 6 221 + 2 144 +341 Do. M, 231); +2 3 164 | + 4 $j] Ungemach, Bull. Soc. Franc., v. 32, p. 397, 1909, R 241} +2 4 184 | + 4 2] Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. ¥ 255 f = a1 5-10-4 | + 4 §| Whitlock, Sch. Mines Quar., v.31, p. 225, 1909. Go 2-15-28) +3, 35 14-15-2| + 73£| McClintock, Min. Mag., v. 15, p.411, 1910. Ji 311; +3 1 126| + 2% 4] Ungemach, Bull. Soc. Franc., v. 32, p. 397, 1919, Q 312; +3 3 113} + 4 | Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. B- 313) (ect olens 326| +4 4) Gorgey & Gdt., Zeits. Kryst., v. 48, p.652, 1910. r 314; + 2 } 213 | + 2 4] Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. N: SOP teresa 123i ke F Do. w 324, +2 3 223! + # Do. 5 362} +3 3 163 | + 4 2] Gorgey & Gdt., Zeits. Kryst., v. 48, p. 652, 1910. : 364] + 49 3 283| + % 2| Palache, Zeits. Kryst., v.47, p. 583, 1910. - 412} +2 4 114); + 4 | Ungemach, Zeits. Kryst., v.49, p. 470, 1911. Vv 4144] +1 } 214| + 4 1) Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. B 421} +4 2 148) +4 4 Do. R 454] +1 4 254} + 4 4 | Gérgey & Goldschmidt, idem. X 534} +43 2 235 | + 2 | Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. & 548| +38 4 AAS) (ee tie Do. iE 578} +8 §% 475| + 4% %| Palache, Zeits. Kryst., v.47, p. 583, 1910. Ka 722} +4 1 127; +43 2) Gorgey & Gdt., Zeits. eat, v. 48, p. 652, 1910. bye 763) +4 2 3-12-14 | +; $| Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. y Tit) eget 02)| 04 Do. € 112} — 4 141} — 1 Do. » 113} — #4 S22 rs. Do. “ 114 4 211 —2 1 Do. res 115 3 592) =cs of Do. w 116 x SAG eas al Do. 490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 59. TaBLE 1.—Datolite—Continued. 5 : | Goldschmidt Dana orientation. | orfientniien. i Gold- | Gold- Miller. | schmidt, | Miller. | schmidt. Pe | | Se Ma easy f Ait tat ny T-A-J0 ih» (= ade Bik |g Biyd Bon i a 142i. -— 292 M (q) TOT enae ay Toit e— Ne 2 i Tash eos S40) — ean a 136) we Sai = Ws ¢ 125} —% @ 542] —§ 2 R 126,| — 493 S239 H 131} —1 8 162] —% 3 r 135) oes fat aes a TSA ents SBI e = sOES d 135| —22 3 562| —& 3 = B304| eas 3314 neue E 12S nae Soir) — das Vv 141| —1 4 1g2} —34 4 é Toate £.% Rag be n 149) ee 082] — go 4 a’ I-10) -y 2 541] —5 4 K 15s eg) s 451 4 5 DG T64 | de 261 26 G 1-92 16d 891] —8 9 t BO eal 1) ee T 214) 4a 4. B19) 415 d 203)| an hoe 54a) = ae By 927 )| he Ad ie eee . 238 | we 8 1647] —2a + a Dein 2G 11s) = 293 O 269| —2 2 19-4 = 273 Y: 324 |e 8g Ds = 5 be P 330. as 133 ee eel e 10) — 2 bof] ee k 544; —S 1 345| —2 ¢ ® 546| —s 3 345| —3 4 F 5 ey ab | aes ¢ 621) 26, 2 ea ee @ Tifa wate a; NAP eee HT y 811) —8 1 1-2-16 | —ts 3 wr | o -9 1 Pog ahs | | | | | | | | | Reference. | | Gorgey & Gdt., Zeits. Kryst., v. 48, p. 652, 1910. ae & Cook, Amer. Journ. Sci., v. 22, p. 21, Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. wee N. Y. State Mus. Bull., v. 98, p. 19, 3 Gale enidt Winkeltabellen. Oo. Do. Gorgey & Gdt., Zeits. Kryst., v. 48, p. 652, 1910. Poland Winkeltabellen. 0 Unggaach; Bull. Soc. Franc., v.32, p. 397, 1909. Oo. Ungemach, Zeits. Kryst., v. 49, p. 470, 1911. poliseesict Winkeltabellen. O. Whitlock, Bull. N. Y. State Mus., v. 98, p. 19,1919. Do. Do. Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Slavik & FiSer, Centralbl. Min, 1903, p. 229. Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. Do. Do. Do. Goreer «& Gdt., Zeits. Kryst., v. 48, p. 652, 1910, 0. Palache, Zeits. Kryst., v. 47, p. 583, 1910. Ungemach, Zeits. ryst. v.49, p. 470, 1911. Goldschmidt Winkeltabellen. Do. Do. Ungemach, Zeits. Kryst., v. 49, p. 470, 1911. Gorgey & Gdt., Zeits. Kryst., v. 48, p. 652, 1910. ‘TABLE 2.—Datolite. A table of calculated angles for all previously described forms for datolite in the Levy-Dana orientation. | ni | Letter. Miller. eee o p | ° , ° , | a 100 co 0 90 00 90 00 b 010 0c 0 00 90 00 c 001 0 90 00 | 0 08 e 140 co 4 21 30 90 00 l 130 co 3 27 43 90 00 0 120 co 2 38 14 90 00 No. 2885. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 491 ——— el TABLE 2.—Datolite—Continued. a | | | 7) Gold-__| Letter. Miller. schmidt. o p oft | Cexeelill eneygery } ° , ° , mae 230 co 3 46 25 90 00 N 340 co ¢ 49 16 90 00 ™ 110 co 57 37 90 00 aan 320 | 300 | 67 05 90 00 a 530. | Bo | 69 10 90 00 | ie Tl 210 2 co 72 24 90 00 | _ 410 400 80 59 90 00 Ss 021 0 2 0 04 68 27 mz (m) oll 01 0 07 51" 41 my 067 0 ¢ 0 08 47 19 h 023 0 2 0 10 40 10 g 012 as 0 14 32 19 t 013 0 3 0 20 22 52 ; O14 One 0 27 17 33 Q 018 0 i O 5 | 8 59 mz 0-1-10 03 1 08 7 13 q 10-14 he 0 90 00 8 15 Pp 108 Le O 90 00 18 31 wu 104 a0 90 00 | 26 37 k 3-0-10 +, 0 90 00 31 O01 in| He tee a 90 00 33 43 S 308 +2 0 90 00 36 54 T 102 a 3 0 90 00 45 00 T 203 | + % 0 90 00 53. 07 f 304 +20 90 00 56 33 o 101 ps 90 00 63 24 3° 302 +30 90 00 71 18 v 201 +20 90 00 75 56 j 502 +5 0 90 00 78 40 y 601 6 0 90 00 85 14 a To4 eck 19 90 00 26 24 é 102 Ef 90 00 44 51 4 304 3 0 90 00 56 12 1 ol 1 0 90 00 63. 21 z 302 E20 90 00 71 18 z 301 30 90 00 | 75 55 - meazg2 hr 0 90 00 81 51 hoe ed I1-0-2 Ean °0 90 00 84 47 Gian |) Seles +x 28 12 04 | 34 45 fet {a4 |p ee I 2136 | 53 43 eee 148 sae a1 43 | 34 15 ki) | rial eee ae 27 46 | 65 O1 D 133 eee od oe ae le hoe OF Y 255 ea 32 19 56 16 PS 362 f g0r8 37 38 78 29 R 241 LOU ge. 14 81 11 | 8 121 42 ae 15 1} ne || d* 364 +3 3 38 18 | 67°32 | Q 122 aioe 38 19 58 12 U 123 £43 38 21 | 47 06 ¥ 124 ey 38 23 | 38 55 Mi 231 +23 46 26 | 79 43 ke 578 ae 48 27 | 59 05 R 454 ange 51 36 68 34 3 221 “5 EB 57 37 78 03 n 111 hoon T 57 38 | 67 04 A 112 US 57 40 | 49 48 L 113 up ae 57 42 | 38 18 Ww 114 Hoe ct 57 44 | 30 40 [ 115 Leo ae 57 46 25 24 Z 116 a he 57 48 21 36 Oe 1-1-18 a Bs 1 | ~ 7" 86 a 763 ge 61 29 | 79 19 492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 59. TABLE 2.—Datolite—Continued. Gold- | Letter. Miller. sainnigh: ’ p ° , ° , & 54 +§ 4 63 08 54 28 N 322 ae igen 67 05 72 54 w 324 #4 3 67 06 58 26 |} ox 534 | 48 2 69 11 69 28 |) oars 211 se 72 24 76 34 0 212 sts 72 25 64 29 B 421 aa ae RS) 72 26 Sanit v 213 +3 4 72 26 54 25 i 215 +24 oT 40 01 A 216 + 3 72 27 35 00 | 1 OPT 311 ee 78 04 80 43 | q 312 +33 78 04 71 55 | gs a3 |) 3 3 a |) 78 4 63 54 r 314 +23 78 05 56 52 We Weer 722 +431 79 44 81 59 | | I 412 and 80 47 76 06 le _ 414 eae 81 00 63 40 ieee; 1-9-16 ae 9 44 35 52 | I ae 164 ee 14 39 63 00 0x iss |! ee 17 20 39 39 io te 1-4-10 os 3 21 16 28 30 ; hh) Aone T49 =e 21 18 31 07 Hie cg 148 ek 21 19 34 11 | Vv 141 ate 21 29 79 35 eae 138 + 3 27 29 -28 09 Wane 136 + 27 32 35 31 d 135 73 27 34 40 35 F 5-15-24 — 5S 27 34 41 45 oe 369 ae 27 36 43 36 pon ya 134 oe 27 36 46 58 | of i |) 224 27 40 64 59 Sao 131 —13 27 41 76 53 need 261 See 27 42 83 21 | N 126 ees 38 02 28 19 G 125 ad 38 04 32 45 a 124 ee 38 06 38 49 i 123 aed 38 08 47 00 M (q) 122 eee ee 38 10 58 09 tt ary 121 i ate 72 46 a goal 23 46 24 79 42 e 45-10 ay ay 51 30 45 28 ny 1-1-10 a 57 17 13 11 b iis Se 57 21 16 58 wo 116 ee 57 24 21 23 k 115 ae 57 27 25 12 | B T14 ae 57 29 30 29 Ma 227 eee ee tog 30 33 56 d 113 = i 57 31 38 09 pee T12 ts 57 33 49 42 d 223 — 3 57 34 57 33 » Ill = ey 57 34 67 03 P 332 she 57 85. |) 74y 14 6 773 Sane) oy 57 36 79 43 ® 546 ore 63 04 61 46 k 544 opel 63 04 70 19 i 324 ae 67 03 57 49 7 214 aS W2e22 46 14 t 312 en T2023 64 26 c 621 602 78 04 52 20 » 811 SR 85 28 86 26 y 911 = 9) a 85 58 86 49 No. 2385. ORYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 498 GENERAL FEATURES. The datolite of the Westfield specimens occurs commonly as thick crusts of comparatively large crystals, lining open spaces in the basaltic rock, although rather dense veins and masses of granular datolite occur occasionally. There appears to be but one generation of the mineral and no other mineral is contemporaneous with it. The datolite in all parts of the area appears to have been deposited at the same period and under very similar conditions as regards temperature, pressure, and composition of solutions. The crystals vary from 1 millimeter to approximately 10 centimeters in diameter, the average diameter being around 1 centimeter. The crystals of Figs. 13-15.—13, ORTHOGRAPHIC AND CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS OF CRYSTAL B5, SHOWING UNSYMMET- RICAL DEVELOPMENT, ETCHING OF c(001), AND STRIATION OF &% (205); ALSO THE RARE AND NEW FORMS $ (302), I (203), w (116), N (126), E(138), AND j; (5.6.30). 14, CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF CRYSTAL Bll, SHOWING PARALLEL GROWTH WITH REENTRANT ANGLE RESEMBLING TWINNING. ALSO SHOWS CHARAC- TERISTIC ‘‘RULING’’ OF THE BASAL PINACOID. 15, CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF CRYSTAL 39 SHOWING PROMINENT DEVELOPMENT OF = (302) AND £ (102). any given cavity or specimen, which are usually of approximately the same order of magnitude, appear to have grown simultaneously, very closely crowded together, and at about the same rate, and only rarely has an individual outstripped its neighbors and assumed a large size at their expense. The close crowding of the crystals has been almost universal, and they are consequently not nearly so well developed as would have been possible had they been more sparsely distributed over the base to which they are attached. Only the free surfaces projecting into the open portion of the cavity 494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 59. are bounded by crystal planes. In many ways the thicker crusts of datolite resemble the quartz combs of veins. They differ, how- ever, in that each crystal repelled those adjoining it and preserved its individuality while growing upward, hemmed in on all sides, and instead of interlocking firmly in the crusts, the masses of crystals can often be separated with thefingers. Normally mutual interference Fics. 16-17.—16, ORTHOGRAPHIC AND CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS OF CRYSTAL 10 SHOWING FORM AND DEVELOPMENT, ALSO THE FORMS [| (167) @ (205) AND THE VICINAL FORM (16.0.39). 17, ORTHOGRAPHIC AND CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS OF CRYSTAL 51 SHOWING THE NEW FORMS & (3843), ll (344), B (345) AND D (134). seems to have resulted in pressure exerted nearly equally in all direc- tions, so that many crystals are now more or less columnar, with the termination only bounded by crystal planes. The surfaces of contact with adjoining crystals show peculiar striations, doubtless resulting from oscillation exerted by growth pressure and following definite ‘ No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 495 mathematical laws. Such striated contact surfaces are well shown in the photograph (pl. 104). In less frequent instances the growth tendency was exerted more strongly in one direction and resulted in sheaves of platy crystals, grown together in more or less parallel position, the plane of contact in many examples being approximately parallel to é (102). The crystals vary from transparent to almost opaque. ‘The trans- parent crystals when first exposed to light are rather deep yellow green in color, but the color fades gradually on exposure to light 20 Figs. 18-21.—18, CLINOGRAPHIC DETAIL OF CRYSTAL 41 SHOWING THE NEW FORMS k; (794), j (142), f (148), 3 (263), § (296), 6 (295). f (2.10.5), ANDy (229). 19, CLINOGRAPHIC DETAIL OF CRYSTAL 10 SHOWING RARE AND NEW FORMS 9) (6.15.2), J; (9.16.2), gi (262), r (232), j (242), 4 (296), AND 8 (2.12.10). 20, CLINOGRAPHIC DETAIL OF PORTION OF CRYSTAL 44 SHOWING NEW FORM y (211). 21, CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF CRYSTAL 43 SHOWING UNUSUAL FORM s (530). until they become almost colorless. The opaque crystals are pure white in color and possess a peculiar porcellanous appearance. Cleavage was not observed, unless some faint rifts, which are parallel to the pinacoid a (100) and give iridescent reflections, indicate a very obscure cleavage parallel to this plane. Whitlock describes his crystals as showing distinct cleavage parallel to a (100) and parallel to ¢ (001) somewhat less perfect. The present observations do not confirm these results. Several large transparent crystals were heated to various temperatures and chilled with water in an attempt to develop cleavage, but the crystals became filled with ramifying 496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59, cracks, like those developed in glass, by the same treatment and show no indication of cleavage. The crystals may be attached by any part, but from the develop. ment of those studied it appears that a majority of them are attached by the negative end of the @ axis, the front of the crystal being com- pletely developed, while the rear is bounded by fracture or interfer- ence surfaces. This frequently requires that the crystal be set up in two positions, top and bottom, on the 2-circle goniometer in order that all the forms may be measured in the Dana position. In some specimens all of the crystals are more or less parallel in arrangement, while in the majority of cases they may be inclined at every angle. Twinning could not be distinctly proven to occur. Many crystals which at first seemed to be twinned proved, when studied, to be merely examples of parallel growth. Whitlock reports a large crystal Figs. 22-23.—22, ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION ON c (001) OF CRYSTAL 65 SHOWING PECULIAR DISTORTION BY ELONGATION PARALLEL TO 0 (120). 23, ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION ON a (100) OF cRYsTAL B10 SHOWING THE RARE FORMS 6 (140), ® (546), AND y (811). from Westfield as a penetration twin parallel to a (100), having c for the twinning axis. This is the only reported occurrence of twinning in datolite. Parallel growth is very common and characteristic, nearly every crystal being composite and made up of two or more individuals in parallel position. Although made up of more than one crystal these are united in a peculiar manner, some planes being common to both individuals, which merge without any trace of even a suture to show where they are joined, although sutures frequently occur. These parallel growths occur in great variety and are sometimes very striking in appearance and resemble twins. Figure 14 is drawn to show a very typical example, and the “‘step”’ growth is well shown No. 2385. (CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 497 in the photographs, plates 104 and 105, especially by the large crystal in the center of the specimen illustrated in the plate 105. HABIT. Whitlock apparently did not distinguish more than one type in the crystals examined by him. From his description and figures it is obvious that these were essentially like those of type 1 of Kraus and Cook described below. Kraus and Cook distinguish four types differentiated by variation in habit, which are described below: ; Type 1.—This type, which was observed on 34 crystals, is pyramidal in habit and shows the forms a, b, c, m, r, 0, 1, 2, Vv, U, Mx, G, t, My*, m,*, 1, B, Q, v, D, €, A, My Hs n,*, M,i, «, 7, €’,u’. a (100) is always present asa brilliant face, while b (010) occurs on about 50 per cent of the crystals of this type. When present it appears as a narrow edge, giving good reflections. ¢ (001) is always present, sometimes as a wholly dull face, which is commonly not large. z (102) is the predominating form, the other orthodomes v (103) and u (104) occurring only rarely and as narrow faces. ¢ (013), g (012), and m, (011) are always present, m, always being large. my, (067) and m, (0.1.10), which are new, occur on crystals of this type. The prisms r (230) and 0 (120) are usually present as somewhat dull faces. J (130) was observed once on 35 crystals. ‘The pyramids (111), 6 (121), » (111), ¢ (112), » (118), and uw (114) are usually all present, v (111) commonly predominating. Q (122) is frequently present, often as a dull face giving no reflection. (223), sometimes large, is among the forms commonly observed. M (122), i (123), and @ (124) are also frequently observed. ¢ (148) and p’ (1.4.10), first described by Whitlock, were seen on several crystals. p’ (1.4.10) gave very good readings but ¢’ (148) was identified by zona! relationships. 7, (1-1-10) also occurs on crystals of this type. Type 2.—This was observed on seven crystals, is also pyramidal, and similar to type 1, from which it is distinguished mainly by the absence of c (001) and b (010). The forms noted on crystals of this type are a, 2, mx, g, m, 0, n, d, €, A, w, v. a (100) occurs as a small triangular face giving good reflections. As in type 1, x (102) is the predominating form. The prisms m (110) and o (102) are always present, though generally small, 0 (120) beveling the edge between the faces v (111) and m, (011). Of the pyramids e (112) and 4 (113) present large uneven faces. (223) is usually dull. The other pyramids occur as very small faces. Type 8.—This was observed on four crystals. It is characterized by a prismatic habit with a (100) prominent. All forms are well developed, the following being noted: a, b, c, x, £, my, g, t, m,n, v, €, A, w. All forms except v (111) and é (102) are brilliant, giving good reflections. y (111) occurs as a dull form and & (102), in addition to being dull, was so small that it could only be identified by zonal relationships. Type 4.—This was observed on 2 crystals, is tabular in habit, the base c(001) being prominent. The forms noted on crystals of this type are a, b, c¢, m, mx, g, t, 2%, v, n, v, and e. Of the clinodomes g (012) predominates, m, (011) and g (013) being comparatively narrow faces. The orthodomes « (102) and v (103) are both dull forms, Ungemach writes that there are, both on his crystals and on those examined by Gérgey and Goldschmidt, two well-defined types dis- tinguished according to the development of certain typical forms rather than upon habit which is subject to great variation: Very characteristic for distinguishing between these are the forms of the orthodome zone. In the first type there are no steeper domes than x (102) and & (102). There 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59 32 498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 59, occur here mostly v (103) with or without $ (308) and k: (3.0.10), which may replace v (103). These three forms are always lacking in type 2 crystals, which often show the typical rounded form y (201) and the negative I (101) and = (302). Another important feature is the etching on these forms. On type 1 all the negative domes are dull but give fairly good though faint signals on the goniometer, while on type 2 crystals » (103) and x (102) are completely lacking in reflection. The form v (111) is a characteristic form of type 1, while on crystals of type 2 it is replaced by P (332) as brilliant faces. Finally, only on type 2 crystals occur g (312) and T (314) with the subordinate forms controlled by this interesting group, which includes y (811) and & (546). The forms which are characteristic of the two types are as follows: Type 1. Type 2. v (201) k:(3.0.10) y" (601) v (103) 7 (502) © (308) > (302) Ii (101) v (111) P (382) q (312) B’ (313) Tr (314) N (822) x (534) I (412) y (811) ® (546) On crystals of both types individual forms may be lacking, but a mingling of forms characteristic of the two types never occurs, According to Ungemach’s definitions all of the crystals described by Whitlock and by Kraus and Cook fall in type 1. Of those studied by Goérgey and Goldschmidt only two (Nos. 5 and 8) are of type 1, all others being of type 2. Of the eight crystals studied by Ungemach himself Nos. 1 and 2 belong to type 1 and the other six belong to type 2. So rigidly does he regard his definitions that he suggests that Gérgey and Goldschmidt may be in error when they give the form P (332), characteristic of type 2, as occurring on their crystal No. 8, which otherwise agrees with type 1. In minerals which are liable to great variation in habit, such as datolite, the development is commonly susceptible to variation with variation in the conditions attending deposition. Variation of com- position, temperature, and pressure of solutions depositing the min- eral are ordinarily shown by differences in the habit of the crystals. Where a single locality produces crystals of two or more distinct habits the difference can usually be found to be due to the fact that the crystals of different types belong to different generations. At the Westfield quarries, as previously mentioned, the datolite seems to have been deposited from a single set of solutions and the mineral in all veins and cavities over a large area seems to be practically con- temporaneous in time of formation or deposition. Only one genera- tion of datolite is represented, and no other mineral is exactly con- No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 499 temporaneous with the datolite. There was probably more or less variation in the temperature and composition of the solutions from cavity to cavity, but such variation was gradual and the total differ- ences were small. This condition of affairs is represented in the erystals by very gradual variation. Those of any one cavity are identical in habit except for differences due to varying distortion caused by interference of adjacent crystals during growth. Although the crystals on different specimens commonly show distinct differ- ences in habit, the variation is seen to be gradual when a large number of specimens are examined. While the several types which have been described would be dis- tinct and easily definable were only a few crystals, showing the extremes of development at hand, the examination of such a large number of crystals as has been accessible for the present investigation Fic. 24.—CLINOGRAPHIC PROJECTION or CRYSTAL 33 SHOWING NEW FORMS i, (461), e; (353), my, (12.25.1) (351) AND 6 (343). reveals such a gradual transition from type to type through interme- diate habits that the definition of types becomes futile. All of the habits described by Kraus and Cook can be illustrated by crystals selected from the series at hand. Their type 1 is by far the most abundant habit represented at the locality. The forms noted by them are all of common occurrence except the three forms which they gave as new, my, ny, and nz. Numerous other accessory forms were seen on crystals of this type, most of them being of infrequent occurrence, as noted under the discussions of forms. Figure 3 is given to show the general appearance of these crystals in orthographic and clinographic projection. Such crystals are well illustrated in the photographs (pls. 104-105). From this typical development the crystals vary in one direction by suppression of the basal pinacoid to acute pyramidal types similar to type 2 of Kraus and Cook, as illus- trated in figure 5. These crystals are commonly smaller and less 500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. rich in forms than the typical or type 1 habit. The dominant forms are the positive orthodome z (102) and the negative hemipyramid e (112). There is a gradation in the opposite direction toward a type more or less prismatic by elongation on the dé axis, as shown in figure 4. Crystals as extreme in development as that here illustrated are relatively uncommon. The basal pinacoid, which on the type 1 crystals is represented by a small, nearly triangular face, is here an elongate rectangle. Crystals of this habit seldom show a very large development of the base. Certain other crystals which show a promi- nent development of the front pinacoid may be referred to type 3 of Kraus and Cook as illustrated in figure 6. Ungemach’s definitions are considered to possess an unjustified rigidity. Crystals of his type 2 are abundant in those studied: by the writer. They all show a more or less prominent basal pinacoid, as does Kraus’s type 4, and they will be referred to as type 4, although the crystals of this habit examined by Kraus and Cook chanced to be the most simple development of the type. The crystals of this type show some variation in habit, the large development of the basal pinacoid being the only constant criterion for their classification. As will be observed from a study of the table of combinations given, the forms regarded by Ungemach as characteristic and diagnostic of his two types frequently coexist on the same crystal. Some of the figures illustrate this, and some short descriptions will serve to point out examples of this, as shown below: Crystal 65, illustrated in figure 22: A peculiarly distorted crystal elongated parallel to o (120) has the combination characteristic of type 1, having the forms vy (111), ) (223), wu (104), and v (103), all diagnostic of type 1, according to the definition, together with the steep positive dome ¢g (101), as a well-defined though wholly dull face. Crystal 39, illustrated in figure 15, is one of the characteristic crys- tals of what is here adopted as type 4. It shows g (312) and s (302) as small dull faces and = (802) as a well-defined face. These three type 2 forms are accompanied by the type 1 form yv (111), which is present as brilliant faces. Crystal 43, showing development typical of type 1 and the diag- nostic type 1 form » (111), has the type 2 forms g (312) and 5 (530) as well-developed faces. Crystal 44, a part of which is shown in figure 20, is also a large crystal typically developed like type 1 and showing the type 1 form v (111), together with the type 2 form q¢ (312) and the new form u (211). Orystal 7, a somewhat broken crystal, has + (102) as the only prominent form in the orthodome zone. This crystal shows one face of g (312) and two small faces of y (811) with one narrow but distinct face of » (111). No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 501 Orystal 56 is distinctly tabular parallel to the base and otherwise resembles crystals referred to Ungemach’s type 2, shows v (111) and b (223) with flat positive orthodomes & (205), (308), v (103), and u (104), all type 1 forms, with the rare form w (324), characteristic of type 2. Orystal B8, shown in figure 11, shows vy (111), with & (205), v (103), and w (104), characteristic of type 1, with a well-developed face ot q (312). Orystal 36 shows q (312) as brilliant faces and also a steep dome MM (403), both characteristic of type 2, together with brilliant faces of v (111) and of the flat domes (308), v (103), and w (104); char- acteristic forms of type 1. Numerous other examples might be cited to show that the forms regarded as characteristic of the two separate types by Ungemach frequently intermingle, or at least that the orthodomes are subject to no laws regarding their distribution and that the forms g (312) and vy (111) are common to both types. In fact q (312) very fre- quently occurs on crystals of the type here designated as types 1 and 2 (following Kraus) as a narrow line beveling the edge x (102) Wel(112). Ungemach’s rigid statements as to the degree of etching on the faces of the two types are not borne out by the crystals studied. The crystals showing the series of relatively equally developed ortho- domes show g (312), together with other features characteristic of type 2 of Ungemach. These are all characterized chiefly by a rela- tively large development of the basal pinacoid. It is believed that type 4 of Kraus and Cook was essentially of this type, the crystals which they examined happening to lack the several unusual forms which are regarded as characteristic of the type by Ungemach. Many of the crystals of this type are more or less prismatic on the a axis, although others are nearly equidimensional. In the positive orthodome zone, instead of z (102) developed as the only prominent form, there often occurs a series of several narrow faces, which may include not only five or six well-defined forms but also several vicinal planes 1° or more from the established forms. This series of front domes, which during the study of the crystals was designated as ‘‘scintillating,” is highly characteristic of crystals of this type, as shown in figures 7 and 15. It is not always present, however. Thus in crystal B11, shown in figure 14, the only forms in this zone are a (102) and v (103). The crystal B10, shown in orthographic pro- jection on the front pinacoid in figure 23, contains a larger number of the forms listed by Ungemach as characteristic of his type 2 than any other crystal examined by the present writer, namely 2 (802), 2 (201),P (832),® (546), (811), and © (140). This crystal was taken from the small specimen shown in plate 106, all of the crystals of 502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor, 5%. which are similar in development and agree closely with Ungemach’s description of the type. As a matter of fact the form P (832) is a comparatively rare form, while » (111) is much more common on this type of crystals. So far as seen the form 6 (223), which is almost invariably present on the crystals of type 1 (Kraus), does not occur on those of type 4 (Ungemach’s type 2). On the latter crystals « (112) is often the steepest negative clinopyramid present. DISTORTION. Distortion, or unequal development of corresponding faces on oppo- site portions of the crystal, is the rule rather than the exception. Symmetrically developed crystals are rare, and various freakish developments are so common and so variable that they can not be described in detail. As typical examples of distortion, crystal 65 (fig. 22) and crystal B5 (fig. 13) may be cited. Crystal 65 is pris- matic by elongation parallel to o (120) and is so unsymmetrical that were it not for the characteristic etchings of the various faces its orientation would have been almost impossible. Crystal B5 is unequally developed, so as to give the basal pinacoid the outline of a right triangle and to bring the new positive orthodome £ (205), which is present as a relatively large dull face, adjacent to the pyra- mid «x (115), this unusual angle being beveled by the new form 4, (5-6-30), which is dependent for its occurrence on this unusual development. The unequal development of crystals of type 1 is often expressed by the unsymmetrical outline of the basal pinacoid, which is right triangular in outline. Ideal development has been prevented in most crystals by mutual interference during growth, and more than one quadrant of a crystal is rarely developed, so that what form would have been assumed by the missing faces can not be surmised, IRREGULARITIES OF THE CRYSTAL FACES. Dana writes with regard to datolite: ‘Faces often wavy and rarely giving good measurements; x (102) commonly dull.” The difficul- ties encountered in properly orienting crystals of datolite render cer- tain peculiarities of several of the more prominent faces occurring on this mineral very important. Consequently the several forms, faces of which exhibit peculiarities of surface of sufficiently constant oceurrence to be of value as orienting criteria, deserve special descrip- tion. No two crystals are alike in the irregularities of surface shown by the planes, the surfaces, even when highly lustrous, showing an infinite variety of patterns and tracings, the detailed description of which might occupy many pages. Certain features are, however, comparatively constant and serve as a most convenient guide in orienting the crystals. The most useful of these are as follows: No. 2385. ORYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 503 e¢ (001), the basal pinacoid, is seldom free from irregularities. These most frequently take the form of narrow depressed “ruled”’ lines in three directions, which are parallel to the unit prism m (110) and the orthopinacoid a (100). These sometimes are not etched, but are merely shallow depressions. They form, however, lines suscep- tible to attack by etching agents and are often greatly deepened by natural solution. The effect is to divide the face into triangular areas or to produce deep triangular pits or depressions. This plane has been one of the most easily attacked by corroding solutions. Sometimes this pinacoid is wholly dull. The characteristic three directional lines at times look like traces of cleavage, but no cleavage parallel to these directions could be proven to exist in the crystals. Such triangular rulings were artificially produced by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on a crystal which did not originally show them. z (102), which in the majority of the crystals is one of the most prominent faces, is most frequently dull, as in datolite from other localities. At times this dullness appears as a uniform etching over the whole face, giving the appearance of finely ground glass. More frequently the etching has taken the form of broad irregular lines, which divide the face into lozenge-shaped patches, separated by broad depressed channels. In other instances there appears a large irregular etched depression in the center of the face, from which crooked lines ramify in all directions. When the faces of this form are unetched they are horizontally striated by oscillatory lines, which increase in number and distinction toward the top of the face. e (112) and also \ (113) and to a less extent » (114) are character- istically marked by an oscillatory horizontal striation. This is a most constant and diagnostic peculiarity of the important form e (112), which is always lustrous and free from corrosion. o (120) and the pyramids of the same vertical zone as U (123), Q (122), 8 (121), and M (122) are almost invariably dull by the presence of “ground glass’ etched surfaces, which, while variable in degree, are almost never wholly absent. This etching renders these faces readily identifiable, thus greatly facilitating proper orientation. v (111) and 5 (223) are often deeply etched to a uniform dull sur- face, which often reflects little if any light. Some of the etched faces have a peculiarly iridescent luster. The etching of these forms is very variable in degree and is frequently not present. m (110) and n (111) are often ruled by parallel grooves due to escil- lation between the two forms. These grooves are sharp reentrant angles and are not accompanied by any rounding, so that both faces give perfectly sharp signals. While not invariably present, these grooves serve immediately to identify these faces when they do occur- 504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59, In single crystals or those of a single specimen or cavity almost any form may be etched to complete dullness. The forms of the clino- dome zone are almost invariably brilliant and free from etching of any sort, yet on one crystal measured the form g (012), present as a large face, was entirely dull. As before stated, various other irregu- larities occur, but not with sufficient regularity to be of value in form identification. Many of the other forms are characteristically etched, but these occur as faces too small to be of value in orienting the crystals. FORMS. Whitfield described the following 27 forms on datolite from West- field: a (100), 6 (010), ¢ (001), m (110), 7 (230), o (120), x (102), v (103), mz (011), g (012), @ (018), t (013), n (111), » (111), e (112),r (113), u (114), « (115), Q (122), B (121), M (122), i (123), w (124), e’ (148), d’ (149), uw’ (1.4.10). Of these M (122), e’ (148), \’ (149), and yw’ (1.4.10) were new to the species. Kraus and Cook confirmed all forms observed by Whitlock except d’ (149) and Q (018) and added as forms new to the locality J (130), b (223), + (231), w (104), — (102) and as forms new for the species my, (067), mz (0.1.10), ny (1.1.10). Gorgey and Goldschmidt observed 45 forms, of which 11 were new to the locality, namely: o (014), = (802), 1 (101), g (312), n (132), 7'(214), U (128), B 21), N (822), T (314), x (534), and 8 new to the species, namely: © (308), P (832), 6 (18), H (131), MN (126), GB (313), &. (454), y (911). Ungemach found 60 forms, of which the following 6 were new for the locality: v (201), 7 (410), A (210), » (116), Y, (134), d (135), and 9 which were new to the species, namely: y (601), 7 (502), &: (3.0.10), s (530), © (140), = (136), F (412), ® (546), » (811), ? (1T.0.2). Thus at the beginning of the present investigation there had been reported on datolite from this locality 68 forms, of which 24 were new to the species. The present writer has recognized on the crystals studied during the present investigation 104 forms, of which 10 are new to the locality, as follows: p (106), I (203), s (302), z (201), A (112), M, (231), & (454), r (132), EF (138), u, (227), and 46 forms which are new for the species, as follows: © (380), % (043), 2 (205), vic. (16.0.39), 9% (403), (12.0.25), D (134), B (192), OQ (1.10.2), R (1.12.2), GS (331), F (343), U (344), ‘ No. 2385. Ba eae Sais eee OF DE 509 B (345), W (382), X (455), 9) 6. 15. 2), “B (766), 5 (768), i (11. 11. 10), j (142), t (143), 1 (167), m (1.6.12), 0 (1.6.14), p (1.10.30), 8 (1.12.10), t (1.20.15), u (211), t @29), 3 (263), @ (295), # (296), 6 (2.10.5), wy (842), 6 (848), T (851), e, (853), f, (861), g, (862), h, (3.10.20), 4, (461), 7, (5.6.80), k, (794), l, @.16.2), m, (12.25.1). Of the latter, however, a dencidenable proportion were observed only once as very small faces giving faint signals, and they therefore require additional confirmation as emphasized below. Of the forms previously recorded from the locality the following 19 were not found: © (018), mz (0.1.10), ny (1.1.10), n (132), 7 @14), b (118), J, (311), B* (313), T (314), x (534), » 11), Y, (184), A (210), y (601), 7 (502), k: (3.0.10), = (136), F (412), (11.0.2). The combinations on the majority of the crystals are more or less similar. In general the number of forms present varies with the size of the crystal, many of the rarer forms being confined to the larger erystals, while small crystals are usually simple in combination. The rarer forms are erratically distributed. It might be possible to measure 100 crystals and find only relatively common forms, while one additional crystal might show 10 or more new or rare forms. Rare forms seldom occur singly, more frequently occurring as small nests of several unusual faces. Although the present examination covered a relatively large number of crystals, it is entirely probable that the examination of additional crystals from this locality will reveal additional rare and new forms. The different forms observed are described in detail below. COMMON FORMS. a (100) is practically never absent except where it has been destroyed by breaking of the crystal or by confinement during growth. The faces of this form vary from small triangles, sometimes minute, on crystals of types 1 and 2, shown in figures 3, 4, and 5, to large polygons on crystals of types 3 and 4. The largest development of this form is shown by type 3, illustrated in figure 6, where the front pinacoid is one of the most prominent faces. The faces of this form are invariably brilliant and never show any characteristic etching or irregularity. 6 (010), the clinopinacoid, is usually though not invariably pres- ent. It is commonly a linear face, varying from a fairly broad to a very narrow line. It is almost invariably bright and yields good signals even when very narrow. ce (001), the basal pinacoid, is usually present, although it occa- sionally fails, as in crystals of type 2 shown in figure 5, and also occa- sionally on crystals referable to other types, as shown, for example, 506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. by crystal 28, figure 8, and crystal B9, figure 9. The faces of this form vary from minute to large. They are usually not brilliant, being characteristically marked by triangular pits or ruled depressed lines, as further discussed under another head. Occasionally the face is wholly dull, reflecting no light at all, but usually it gives a distinct although somewhat furred signal. On crystals of type 1 the base is usually more or less triangular in outline, as shown in figures 3 and 16. It may also be represented by a narrow line, as shown in figure 4. On crystals of type 4 (type 2 of Ungemach) the base is the most conspicuous form, many of the crystals of this type being distinetly tabular parallel to this face. m (110), the unit prism is not absent from any crystal examined, although it varies from the thinnest line on some crystals of types 1 and 2, figures 3 and 5, to a large and predominant face on crystals of types 3 and 4, as shown in figure 6. It is usually a plane and brilliant face, yielding excellent signals. The only characteristic irregularity present is a grooving by reentrant angles, produced by oscillatory alternation between m (110) and n (111), as described above. o (120) occurs on somewhat more than half of the crystals examined. It varies from a very small to a fairly large face, being exceedingly variable in outline. On crystals of types 1 and 2 it is oftenest shown as a relatively narrow faces truncating the angle »v (111) Am, (011), as shown in figures 5 and 16. Other characteristic outlines are shown also in figures 4, 7, and 23. The most prominent type of development of this form is shown by crystal 51, illustrated in figure 17. The luster of the face is almost never perfect, the etching varying from a faint satiny sheen to complete lack of luster. Usually the faces of this prism, like others in the same vertical zone, yield clear and sharp though faint signals, which are sometimes blood red in color and appear as though viewed through a haze. r (230) occurs on about one-fourth of the crystals examined, usually as a small face, as well illustrated by crystal 51, shown in figure 17, and crystal B10, shown in figure 23. The face lies between m (110) and o (120) and usually yields a fair signal. It is frequently etched lightly but is not so characteristically so as is 0 (120). mx (011) is invariably present, usually as one of the most promi- nent and brilliant faces. While sometimes slightly wavy, it is always brilliant and yields excellent signals. g (012) is practically always present as a prominent and brilliant face, yielding good measurements. t (013) is present on about half of the crystals studied, occurring as a narrow face, giving good signals. It is much less prominent than the two steeper clinodomes mx (011) and g (012). No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 507 a (014) occurs on about one-third of the crystals as a narrow face, which is often reduced to a mere line, sometimes so narrow as to yield a very faint signal. This is the flattest clinodome observed during the present work. x (102) is the only orthodome which is invariably present, and on many crystals it is the most prominent form. It is nearly always etched to a greater or less extent and in various manner, as described elsewhere. The form commonly yields a good signal. On crystals of types 1 and 2 it may be very large, as shown in figures 3, 5, and 16, while on crystals of type 4 it may not be more conspicuous than the other forms in this zone, as shown in figures 7, 8, and 15. v (103) occurs on about one in each three crystals, usually as a narrow and relatively inconspicuous face. It varies from bright through various degrees of etching to wholly dull, reflecting no light at all. Quite frequently the form can be measured only by the expedient of moistening the face with alcohol, and some of the less completely etched forms give red signals. wu (104) occurs much as does v (103), the two forms often occurring together and being similar in size, outline, and degree of etching. mn (111), the only common positive pyramid in this vertical zone, is always present. It varies from a small triangular face, as in the crystals of type 2, figure 5, to a prominent form. The faces of this form are always brilliant and yield a sharp signai. The only char- acteristic irregularity of the surface of the faces is the presence of the reentrant angles formed by oscillation between n (111) and m (110). 8 (121) occurs on about one-fourth of the crystals measured as a small face, which is often more or less etched. Characteristic occur- rences of this form are shown by crystal 10 (fig. 16), 36 (fig. 7), 51 (fig. 17), B9 (fig. 9), B10 (fig. 23), and B11 (fig. 14). Q (122) occurs frequently with 6 (121) and, like it, is usually etched. It falls between n (111) and m, (011). It varies from a _ relatively prominent face, as shown in figure 17, crystal 51, to a narrow line, as shown by figure 16 of crystal 10. U (123) is about as frequent in occurrence as 6 (121) and Q(122), and like them is often etched lightly. It falls between n(111) and g(012) and can easily be identified by its position. Typical outlines and positions of this form are shown by figures 4, 6, and 23. vy (111) is acommon form, being present on over half of the crystals examined, This form is considered characteristic of his type 1 crys- tals by Ungemach, but was frequently observed during the present examination in combination with g(312) and other forms character- istic of Ungemach’s type 2. This is shown by the figured crystal BS shown in figure 11, etc. This form is usually represented by a narrow 508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. face, often a mere line, but may BE | more prominent, as shown, for akan ple! by crystals 10 (fig. 16) and B7 (fig. 10). On type 4 cael it is usually narrow and brilliant, yielding excellent measurements, while on other types of crystals the form is usually larger and more or less dull and etched. ) (223) is a characteristic form on Westfield datolite occurring on one-third of the crystals measured. Unlike » (111) it is practically confined to crystals classed as type 1 by Ungemach, and occurs almost invariably on crystals of type 1, as defined here, as a moderately narrow to relatively broad face between v (111) and e (112). It is often more or less etched. Typical occurrences are shown in figures 10, 11, and 17. e (1 12) is a dinteerdAlly. present form, and ordinarily it is the most prominent pyramid. It determines the form of crystals of type 2, shown in figure 5, and of the similar type shown in figure 8. The faces are horizontally striated and are often more or less irregular yielding multiple signals. d (113) is invariably present where not destroyed by interference. It is commonly a narrow face which is bright and gives a good signal. uw (114), like \ (113), is commonly present as narrow bright faces, giving good signals. x (115) is of relatively infrequent occurrence, being found on about 1 in every 10 crystals. It is narrower than u(114), but yields good signals. 4 (123) is a common form, occurring on half of the crystals studied. It forms a narrow but brilliant face, beveling the angle between e (112) and m, (011). Its characteristic form and position are well shown by figures 4 and 6. a (124) occurs on about 1 in every 4 crystals studied, being similar to 7 (123) in form and occurrence. It forms a narrow but bright face beveling the edge between g(012) and e (112), as shown by figures 4 and 10 (crystal B7). Occasionally it is present as a broader face, as shown in figure 16 (crystal 10). x (231), elsewhere a rare form for datolite, is a characteristic form at Westfield, occurring on every second crystal. It occurs com- monly as a narrow face, beveling the angle between 0(120) and » (111), as shown by figures 17 (crystal 51) and 16 (crystal 10). Where » (111) is absent this form occurs as a larger triangular face, as shown, for example, in figures 23 (crystal B10) and 14 (crystal B11). The most conspicuous development of this form is shown in figure 24 (crystal 33), where it forms the center of a small group of rare and new forms. Commonly the faces of + (231) are more or less delicately etched, so as to give them a silky sheen, although the form usually yields clear and brilliant signals. No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 509 LESS COMMON AND RARE FORMS. 1 (130) may be considered one of the rarer forms, as it occurs on only about one-tenth of the crystals studied. It is usually present as a very small and more or less dull face. Its typical occurrences are illustrated by figures 12 (crystal B8) and 9 (crystal B9). 9 (140) a prism, first described by Ungemach as a new form occur- ring on datolite from this locality, was seen once as a narrow and dull face on crystal B10 between M (122) and m, (011), as shown in figure 23. The signal from the face was very faint, due to etching, although the face was moderately conspicuous. The angle measured does not compare very well with the calculated values as shown below: (140) Measured g=20° 55’ p= 90° 00’ Calculated g=21° 30’ p=90° 00’ A oo, ee OU s (530), another prism described as new from Westfield by Unge- mach, was observed on one crystal, No. 43, as bright faces, as shown in figure 21. The angles measured compare as follows: (530) Measured ¢=69° 31’ p=90° 00’ Calculated ¢=69° 10’ p=90° 00’ NO vols AO OO" The form is thus confirmed. my (067) was doubtfully identified once, on crystal B5, as a small face giving a poor signal. Some doubt attaches to the identification, however, as the face may have been mx (011) of a crystal not quite in parallel position. The corresponding face on the opposite side of the crystal was mz (011). The angles measured are as follows: (067) Measured g= 0° 41’ p=458- 20’ Calculated g= 0° 08’ p=47° 19’ A= wOrdor AAS Oly. ¢ (101) was recorded as occurring on Westfield datolite by Gérgey and Goldschmidt. Ungemach takes exception to their identification as follows: ‘‘y (201), which is here given as new was apparently observed by Gérgey and Goldschmidt, but owing to the curvature of its faces it was only tentatively identified by them and then as @ (101). The authors say that the signals from the curved face yield a train of light in the center of which the position of (101) lies. In my crystals there is no trace of ¢ (101), while the train of light begins quite sharply at the position of ¥ (201) and extends through the short are to the position of a (100).” In the present examination the phenomenon described by Gérgey and Goldschmidt—that is, a 510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou, 59, train of signals centering at the position of ¢ (101)—was observed on crystal 58 (fig. 6). This form was also identified with moderate certainty on crystal 65 (fig. 22) as a well-defined face. This was wholly without reflection but was approximately measured by moistening with alcohol yielding the following angles: (101) Measured ¢=90° 00’ p=59° 34’ Calculated ¢=90° 00’ poo 1 Bat A= 10° 00’ A =1032)50" In several other instances narrow and wholly dull faces were seen which were thought to be this form, but owing to their failure to reflect any light they could not be measured. p (106) was tentatively identified as a narrow line yielding a very dim and not accurately measureable signal on crystal 10, as shown in figure 16. The angles obtained are as follows: (106) Measured o=90° 00’ p=21° 00’ Calculated ¢=90° 00’ A=18- 3 A= 02.00" A 2 I (203) was observed twice, once on crystal 7 as a small face, some- what etched and giving a faint signal, which yielded angles compared as follows: (203) Calculated »=90° 00’ p=53" 07" Measured o=90° 55’ p=54° 51” N= *0° 55” A=. 1° 44° This form also occurred as a well-defined though narrow face on crystal B5, shown in figure 13, which gave the angles: Measured g=89° 41’ P= pan 2, A=.Q° 19° A= 0° 08’ s (302) was found as very narrow faces, yielding poor signals, on crystals B5 (fig. 13) and 39 (fig. 15). The angles are as follows: (302) Calculated ¢=90° 00’ p=T1 18" Crystal B5, measured ¢=89° 48’ p=69° 02’ A= 0° ¥2’ A=*29 167 Crystal 39, measured ¢=90° 04’ p=70° 00’ A= 0° 04’ A=! 1° 18” © (308), described as new on Westfield datolite by Gérgey and Goldschmidt, was found on six crystals. It is usually present as a small or narrow face, which is sometimes bright, but is more fre- quently etched or ‘‘matte,” yielding a dim or a red signal. It occurs No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 511 as a small triangular face, which is somewhat dull on crystal B9, which is illustrated in figure 9. The angles for this form are as follows: (308) Calculated gy =90° 00’ p=36° 54’ Measured, maximum g=91° 28’ p=3T° 48’ Measured, minimum g=89° 28’ p=36° 49’ Measured, average g=90° 26’ p=3i° 14’ A= 0° 26’ Ar ,05,20) £ (102) was seen several times on crystals of types 1 and 4. On type 1 crystals it occurs usually as a very narrow line, beveling the edge between e¢ (112) and e’ (112). On crystals of type 4 it may be present as a relatively broad face, yielding measurements agreeing closely with the calculated angles for the form. It is shown in typical development on crystals 36 (fig. 7) and 39 (fig. 15). _= (302) occurs occasionally as a relatively small face, which, though slightly etched and having a satiny sheen, yields sharp signals. It is shown in typical development on crystal 39 (fig. 15), crystal 27 (fig. 7), and crystal B10 (fig. 23). II (101) occurs occasionally with = (802) as a narrow face, which is sometimes dull and etched. A (112) is a rare form on datolite from Westfield. Only one crystal (B4) showed measurable faces of this form, which gave the angles (112) Calculated ¢=57° 40’ p=49° 48’ Measured g=57° 40’ p—29° 50° A= 0° 00’ A= 0° 02/ The form was seen on two or three other crystals as very small and dull faces. M, (231), a form previously described by Ungemach on datolite from Sainte Marie, was doubtfully identified on crystal B8 as a nar- row line face beveling the angle o (120) An (111), as shown in figure 12. The signal from the narrow face was so faint that it could be measured only approximately, owing to lack of visibility of the cross hairs. The angles are: (231) Calculated ¢=46° 26’ p= 19° 43" Measured g=44° 48’ p=81° 34’ A= 1° 38’ N= 1 fal, q (312) should perhaps be included with the common forms, as it occurred on approximately one-third of all the crystals examined. On type 1 crystals it frequently forms a narrow line, beveling the edge x (102) A (111). On type 4 crystals it is almost invariably present as small triangular faces at the upper corners of the front pinacoid. Although normally clear and brilliant, yielding excellent signals, the faces of this form are occasionally somewhat etched. 512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59, w (324) was observed on crystal 56 and on several similar crystals from the same specimen as a very narrow line beveling the angle between m (110) and z (102). The angles are: (324) Measured ¢=68° 26’ p=60° 47’ Calculated ¢=67° 06’ p=58° 26’ Nexo) 20’ A= 2°21’ R (454) occurred on crystal B9 as a very narrow face beveling the angle between n (111) and 8 (121), as shown in figure 9. The signal was so faint as to not be accurately measurable in the presence of adjacent brilliant forms. The angles are: (454) Measured g=53° 29’ p=67° 28’ Calculated ¢=51° 36’ p=68° 34’ AN 18053? A= 1° 06’ w (116) was found on but two of the crystals studied. On crystal B5 it forms a very narrow line, giving a poor signal, as shown in figure 13, while on crystal 51 it is present as a somewhat broader face, as shown in figure 17. The angles are: (116) Measured X1. 51 9=57° 35’ p= 20°25! B5 ¢@=57° 56’ p=21°'40’ Average gp =57° 45’ p= 21° 03’ Calculated p=57° 24’ ps2 bo (23h A=‘? 28? N=, O07. oar B (121) was found as a distinct line, giving a poor signal on crystal 33, as shown in figure 24. On crystal 41, shown in figure 18, this form occurred as a bright face, giving a very good signal. angles are: (121) Measured X]. 33 ¢=39° 43’ p=73° 39’ Al.» =38° 07’ p=72° 43’ Average y=38" 05° p=to Lt’ Calculated p=38° 12’ p=72° 46’ A= 0° 423" A= 0° 25’ M (122), which was first reported by Whitlock on Westfield dato- lite, occurs rather frequently, especially on crystals of type 1, usually as a small face, which is frequently lightly etched. Characteristic outlines are shown in figures 4, 7, 18, and 23. The faces frequently give perfect signals. The angles are: (122) Measured, maximum ¢=37° 16’ p=58° 19’ Measured, minimum ¢=38° 13’ p=57°-50/ Measured, average g=37° 57’ p=58° 09’ Calculated gy =88° 10’ p=58° 09’ A= 054s. A=~0" 007 No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 5138 Mg (126). A form near (126) was found on crystal B5 as a very narrow face beveling the angle between g (012) and d (113). The signal was distinct although too faint to illumine the crosshairs. The angles are as follows: (126) Measured ¢=36° 27’ p= 26° 58’ Calculated ¢=38° 02’ p=28° 10’ A= 1°35’ A= 1° 12’ r (132) occurred as a very narrow line face, with (142) on crystal 10 between M (122) and b (010), as shown in figure 19. The signal was very faint and could not be accurately centered. The angles are: (1382) Measured ¢=25° 49’ p06 Sl” Calculated ¢=27° 40’ p=67° 59’ A= il? 51’ A=.1°%28! d (135), which was described as new from this locality by Unge- mach, occurred on six of the crystals examined. It forms a small face between a (124) and m, (011), as shown in figures 9, 10, 16, etc. The faces are usually slightly etched, but give good signals. Angles: (135) Measured, maximum: y= 27° 44’ p=40° 53’ Measured, minimum ¢=26° 49’ p=40° 08’ Measured, average y=27° 16’ p=40° 30’ Calculated o= 27° 34" p=40° 35’ A=" 0%18' =O Oar E (138) was doubtfully identified as a very narrow and partly etched face between g (012) and » (113) on crystal B5, as shown in figure 13. The signal was too faint for accurate measurement. The angles are: (138) Measured g=29° 44’ p=30° 32’ Calculated ¢=27° 31’ p=381° 27’ Ale A= 05.55% e’ (148) was described as new by Whitlock, together with \’ (149) and y’ (1.4.10). All three of these forms occur occasionally as very narrow faces, which are either too narrow to yield distinct signals or are on such very large crystals that their measurement is almost impossible. vu, (227) was observed once as a very narrow line on crystal B2. Angles: (227) Measured y=57° 56’ pao, aa. Calculated ¢=57° 30’ p=3e.00' A="0° 26’ A= 0° 23’ 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59—— 383 . =- 514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59. P (332) was seen several times as a brilliant though narrow face. Its best development was on crystal B10, which is illustrated in figure 23. The angles are: (332) Measured g=57° 27’ p=738° 22’ Calculated g=57° 35’ p= 74°14! N= 0°08’ A= ORS" This form was described as new from Westfield by Gérgey and Goldschmidt. & (546), described as new on Westfield datolite by Ungemach, was observed as two rounded faces on crystal B10, shown in figure 23. It was also seen as two small and dull faces on crystal 7. The signals from the faces were very poor. Angles: (546) Measured, maximum ¢=61° 18’ p=60° 09’ Measured, minimum yg=60° 57’ 205 30. Measured, average y=61° 07’ a= 59°..497 Calculated ¢=63° 04’ p=61° 46’ As 115%! A le y (811). The form y (911) was described as new on datolite from Westfield by Gérgey and Goldschmidt. Ungemach described y (811) as occurring on the crystals examined by him and suggested that the form (911) of Goldschmidt and Gérgey was the same. The form was seen on crystal B10, illustrated in figure 23, and also as small dull faces on crystal 7. The angles are: Measured g=85° 00’ p=86° 05’ (811) Calculated ¢=85° 28’ p=86° 26’ (911) Calculated gy=85° 58’ p=86° 49’ The measured angles would seem to indicate the form (811), although both forms probably occur. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF FORMS. The forms found on the Westfield datolite may be grouped accord- ing to their relative importance as follows: 1. Forms practically always present as large and important faces: a (100), mz (011), g (012), x (102), ¢ (112). 2. Forms practically always present as smaller faces but sometimes large: 6 (010), c (001), m (110), m (111), » (114), » (118). 3. Forms frequently present as small faces: t¢ (013), v (103), uw (104), o (120), r (230), « (014), B (121), Q (122), U (123), » (111), > (223), 2 (123), a (124), r (231). No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 515 4. Forms occasionally or rarely present, including all other forms listed : TasLe 3.—Datolite. Comparison of average measured angles with calculated angles for previously described forms observed on datolite from Westfield during the present examination. Dana orientation. : Measured. | Calculated. Letter. Miller. = =| | e- | p 9 | p ° ‘ ° , ° , ° ’ | a 100 90 00 90 00 90 00 90 00 6 010 0 00 $0 00 0 00 90 00 c 001 90 00 Ot 90 00 0 0o9 m 110 57 42 90 00 a7 37 90 00 0 120 38 14 | 90 00 | 38 14 | 90 00 | l 130 27 42 | 90 00 | 27 43 | 90 00 9 140 20 55 90 00 21 30 90 00 T 230 46 28 90 00 46 25 90 00 s 530 69 31 90 00 69 10 90 00 Mz O11 0 19 Slesh 0 07 51 41 g 012 0 32 32) 15 0 14 322 19-~ 7 t 013 0 358 22 34 0 20 22 52 o 014 9 Good Se ieee ain ests 0 36 17 23 OF 27 Dios My 067? 1 | Medium......... 2 41 48 20 0 08 47 19 ¢ 101 1 POOneee eee eee 90 00 59 34 90 00 63 24 I 102 22 | Very good....... 90 00 44 57 90 00 45 00 v 103 9 Goods .-we a rerd 90 10 34 20 90 00 33 43 u 104 TOS ok dottee .S5s2 89 57 26 51 90 00 26 37 P 106? 1 | Very poor....... 90 00 21 00 90 00 1s 31 I 203 2) OOM seaee cee 90 18 54 08 90 00 53 07 s 302 Qe Poon: 6vs222 3b: 89 56 69 31 90 00 71 18 D 308 6) SGO0d. <5 seas. c 90 26 37 14 90 00 36 54 I 101 et ANOS dota! 90 00 63 10 90 00 63 21 g 102 1 Very good....... 89 55 44 46 90 00 44 51 2 301 1 WOE ener can seecon cee sae ace 90 00 ia oo = 302 2 | Very good....... 90 OL wii 90 00 71 18 n lil 2A \esas Gomer ees ee 57 47 67 37 57 «38 67 04 A 112 pee iatees doses oe 57 40 49 50 57 40 49 48 8 121 Vial oreo GOs - sec. 38 23 72 48 38 15 72 14 Q 122 U Miseuee GOL aes eecaee | 38 26 68 15 38 19 58 12 U 123 8} se ss3 dot 4.29 38 29 47 O07 38 21 47 06 M, 231 1 BOOneee ee sckaeee 44 48 81 34 46 26 79 34 q 312 13. | Very good....... 78 05 71 56 78 O04 7), 55 w 324 fied ROORa-7Ues teas | 68 26 | 60 47 | 67 06 | 58 26 x 454 1 Very poor......- 53 29 69 OL 51 36 68 34 v lll 7) Very. 200d.-2.-.. 57 33 66 57 57 34 67 03 € T12 30 |-.-.- G0 sea csc cee 57 «28 49 38 57 338 49 42 r 113 Dh | So. GOs 222 s26 sos 51 27 38 12 57 31 38 09 ue 114 IS his. ss. GO... cece cee 57 05 30 36 57 29 30 29 K 115 4 | Good: 5-22.28 ee 57 35 25 12 57 27 25 12 o 116 Dame ee ever GOsisneceusces 57 45 21 02 57 24 21 23 B 121 Beeman. «sco anes 38 55 (onc 38 12 72 46 M | 122 6 | Very good....... Bie Ok 58 09 38 10 58 09 i 123) |} 12) s|) Good. 2.. 200-4, 37 56 | 46 51 | 38 08 | 47 00 a 124 9 | Very good.......; 37 57 38 45 88 06 38 49 MN 126? 1 GOOG se <5 325 ces 36 27 26 58 38 02 28 19 v 132? 1 alr ere ee 25 49 66 31 27 40 64 59 d 135 6 | Very good....... 27 «16 40 30 27 «34 40 35 E 138? See wiiaireccnee cae ees 29 44 30 32 27 29 28 09 e! _ 148 1 | Very poor....... 93 08 | 31 00 | 21 19 | 34 11 p’ 1.4.10 1 [re eeeeeeeee ee eee 23 08 28 26 21 16 28 30 d 223 Senahair Uo 7. . Aa 57 41 57 00 57 34 57 33 #1 227 Leet OOLe eater 57 56 33 33 | 57 30 33 «56 © 231 | 11 | Very good....... 46 28 | 79 35 | 46 24 | 79 42 P 332 PCG OOGs sone satee 57 27 73 22 67 35 74 14 ® 546 2 | Very poor....... 61 07 59 49 63 04 6l 46 y 8ll | 1 Rise oe cece &5 00 86 05 85 28 86 26 * Number of measurements included in the average. 516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. NEW FORMS. Forty-six forms are listed below as new to the species datolite. Some of these, it is true, are open to criticism, inasmuch as the indices are high and seem somewhat irrational, while the greater number of the forms were observed but once or twice each. Two are certainly vicinal and are listed only because they occur as promi- nent faces repeatedly. Other vicinal forms occur frequently in certain zones, but those which were present as narrow faces less than a degree from established forms were ignored. As has been empha- sized above, no form is here listed as new unless there was present on the crystal a distinct and unmistakable face which could not be referred to any established form for this species. Especial precau- tions were taken to exclude from consideration ‘‘wild”’ signals, which were frequently found to be reflected from contact surfaces where adjacent crystals had prevented growth, and also to avoid mistakes regarding faces of small attached crystals, which frequently compli- cate the study of the crystals. Wherever a new form is listed one such doubtless occurs, although it is entirely possible that wrong indices have been derived for some forms, especially those with high indices. The discrepancy which in some cases is apparent between the measured and the calculated angles for new forms may, in some cases, be due to wrong indices having been derived for the form, but in the majority of cases it is due to the difficulty of measuring large crystals requiring much shifting during measurement, and to the failure of the signal to yield sufficient light to illuminate the cross hairs. The dim signals were due to the natural etching, which is so common on the rarer forms. The new forms are described below: € (380) was observed only once as a minute face between o (120) and J (130) on crystal B8, as shown in figure 12. Although small the face was unetched and gave a sharp and brilliant signal. The angles are: (380) Measured »=30° 08’ p=89° 27’ Calculated ¢=30° 35’ p=90° 00’ A= 0° 27" w- 0% 38" ¥ (043). A narrow line face in the side dome zone of crystal 55 gave angles nearer (043) than any other simple form. The face was clearly discernible, but was etched so as to give only a very faint signal, which could not be accurately centered. The angles are: (043) Measured ¢g= 0° 00’ p=62° 00’ Calculated g= 0° 05’ p—a9" 24° A=) @ 05’ Avs 2° 39% No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 517 & (205) was observed on five crystals as well-defined faces yielding good measurements. It is among the best established of the forms added here. ‘The form is shown typically in crystals 10 (fig. 16), B8 (fig. 11), and 28 (fig. 8). The angles are as follows: (205) Measured, maximum y= 90° 13’ p=39° 20’ Measured, minimum ¢=89° 28’ p=37° 54’ Average (of five) p=89° 55’ p=38° 25’ Calculated g=90° 00’ p=38° 41’ A= 0° 05’ A= 0° 16’ Vicinal (16.0.39). Although vicinal forms occur frequently on the datolite crystals, those of the orthodome zone deserve especial men- tion. On crystals of type 4 this zone contains certain vicinal forms as prominent faces. The present form was measured on three crys- tals, on which it was present as a prominent face, and was seen as a narrower line on several other crystals of type 4. The angles are: Vicinal (16.0.39) Measured ¢=89° 49’ p=39° 22’ Crystal B4. e=90° 00’ p=39° 05’ Crystal BS. g=90° 00’ p=39° 50’ Crystal 10. p=89° 56’ p=39° 26’ Average. Calculated ¢=90° 00’ p=39° 22’ A= 0°04’ A= 0° 04’ §2 (403) was observed once as a very narrow and etched line face on crystal 36. The angles are: (403) Measured o=90° 00’ p=68° 55’ Calculated ¢=90° 00’ p=69° 25’ A= 0° 00’ A= 0° 30’ Vicinal (12.0.25) is another characteristic vicinal form, which occurs very frequently in the orthodome zone of crystals of type 4. This face occurs with z (102), the two forms, which are only about 1° apart, being represented by faces of equal size and brilliancy. The angles are: Vicinal (12.0.25) Measured g=90° 26’ p=44° 09’ Calculated ¢=90° 00’ p=48° 50’ A= 0° 26’ = 0° 19’ © (134) is a new form which occurred on crystal 51, as shown in figure 17, as a narrow face between U (123) and m, (011). The face is somewhat dull from etching and is correspondingly difficult to accurately measure. The angles are: (134) Measured g=28° 51’ p=46° 48’ Calculated ¢=27° 50’ p=47° 02’ Az)? OL! A= 0° 14’ 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59, . $$ (192) is considered to be one of the best established of the forms here listed as new. It occurs as sharp and brilliant, though small, faces and yields excellent signals. The habit and position of the form are shown on crystal B7 (fig. 10) and crystal B8 (fig. 12). The angles are: (192) Measured, minimum g= 9° 57’ p=80° 11’ » Measured, maximum ¢=10° 01’ p=80° 17’ Measured, average y= 9° 58’ p= 80° 13’ Calculated e=.9° 57’ p= 80°12" A= 05,01: A Ore, Q) (1.10.2), like (192), which it always accompanies, is a well- substantiated form observed as bright faces yielding sharp signals on several crystals. The angles are: (1.10.2) Measured, maximum ¢=9° 10’ p=81° 06’ Measured, minimum ¢g=9° 08’ p=81° 04’ Measured, average o=9° 09’ p=81° 05’ Calculated eg =9° 08’ p=81° 01’ A— O07 01; Acai” as The two forms (192) and (1.10.2) occur together, and the differ- ences in their angles are so small that the signals overlap slightly. §t (1.12.2) occurred as two fairly large, though etched, faces on crystal 14. The angles are: (1.12.2) Measured y=7° 35’ p=83° 18’ (average of 2). Calculated ¢=7° 30’ p=82° 34’ N= 0°05" A= 0° 44! S (331), new, is one of the few positive pyramids occurring in the zone (001):(110). It occurs as a narrow line face, with i (11.11.10) between (110) and (111), on crystal B6, and as a similar narrow, though distinct, face yielding a poor signal on crystal 55. The angles are: (331) Measured g=57° 34’ p=81° 58’ Crystal B6. Calculated ¢=57° 37’ 81°42 A=n,0°. 17% Sp Shige io Measured g=57° 29’ p=80° 37’ Crystal 55. A= 0” 08’ A= “te Z (343) was found as a very narrow but bright face, beveling the angle between f (121) and nv (111) on crystal 51, as shown in figure 17. Here it occurs with the other forms of the same vertical zone— namely, (344) and (345). The angles are: (343) Measured ¢=48° 30’ A—69, 41a; Calculated ¢=49° 49’ p=69° 04’ oo Ag! A= "0° 09’ ° No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 519 UW (344) occurred on crystal 51 as a very narrow face, beveling the edge between n (111) and Q (122), as shown in figure 17. The face was bright but very narrow and gave a faint signal. The angles are: (344) Measured o=49° 24’ p=—63 18’ Calculated ¢=49° 49’ p= Gar D0’ A= 0° 25’ A= 0° 18’ The same form was noted on two other crystals, but the faces were entirely dull, yielding no signals. These were identified by their zonal relations. (345). A narrow line face, occurring with (343) and (344) on erystal 51, gave a distinct signal, which, however, was so faint that it could not be accurately measured. The form indicated by the angles measured is (10.12.15). The position of the form, however, shows the true indices to be (345), the discrepancy in the angles being due to inexact measurement. The angles are given as follows: (345) Measured g=52 49’ p=oo. Ol” (345) Calculated ge =49° 50’ p= ou, A= 22°59’ A ASL’ (10.12.15) Calculated g=52° 46’ p= 59° 08’ A=, 0.103" A= O07" The true indices of this form are thus somewhat in doubt. ¥ (382) occurred once as a very narrow and somewhat etched face, beveling the angle between o (120) and mx (011) on crystal B8, as shown in figure 12. The dim signal could not be accurately centered, thus giving very inaccurate measurements, as shown below: (382) Measured ¢=30° 38’ p=82° 36’ Calculated ¢=30° 37’ p=eusw14 Ax220?%s08S A Sa2enh5” % (455) occurred on crystal 14 as a narrow and somewhat etched face between n (111) and m, (011). ‘The angles are: (455) Measured g=52° 27’ a—64.15. Calculated g=51° 38’ p—Os..oen A= 0° 49” Na ke 9) (6.15.2) is one of the forms which is of more or less doubtful validity. It occurred on crystal 10 as a somewhat curved and etched face between m, (011) and o (120), as shown in figure 19. The angles are: (6.15.2) Measured g=33° 55’ p=84° 51’ Calculated g=32° 14’ p=84° 54’ A= 1°41") A= 0° 03! 520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59. 3 (766) occurred as a small face yielding a sharp signal on crystal B6. The angles are: (766) Measured g=61° 45’ p=69° 12’ Calculated g=61° 29’ p=69° 20’ A= 0 AG. A= 0° 08’ The form, although it occurred only once as a measurable face, is believed well established. ) (768) occurred once only as a small and somewhat etched face on crystal B 9. Its angles are: (768) Measured g=61° 24’ p=62° 44’ Calculated »=61° 30’ p=63° 19’ A= (07067 A= 08.35" The order of agreement between the measured and calculated angles is satisfactory, although the form needs confirmation. i (11.11.10) occurred as a narrow line face with 331 between m (110) and m (111) nrystal B6. While this might be considered a form vicinal to n (111), the signals from the two faces are separated by almost 2°, as shown below: (11.11.10) Measured g=57° 44’ p=69° 01’ Calculated ¢=57° 38’ p=68° 58’ A= 00 06. A=.0° 03’ (111) Calculated ¢=57° 38’ p=67° 04’ A=) 0? 067 =n Len f (142) occurs as a well-defined face on crystal 41, as shown in figure 18. Although small, this face gave an excellent signal, yielding the angles: (142) Measured o=21° 22’ p=69° 38’ Crystal 41 Calculated g=21° 25’ p=69°"51’ A= 0? 0aL A= 0° 13” The same form occurred also on crystal 10 as a narrow face with (132) between 6 (010) and M (122), as shown in figure 19. The signal from this face, which was very narrow and etched, was too dim to be accurately measured. The angles it gave are: (142) Measured ¢ = 238° 25’ p=68° 20’ Crystal 10 A= 2° 00’ A= “1c sa" ft (143) occurred as a single face on crystal 41, as shown in figure 18. Although small, this face was bright and gave a good signal. The angles are: (143) Measured g=21° 51’ p=61° 25’ Calculated g=21° 26’ p=61° 07’ A= 0°25" A= 0° 18° No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITB—SHANNON. 521 The agreement is good, and although observed only once, this is considered a well-grounded form. { (167) occurs on crystal 10 as a narrow face between 7 (123) and m, (011), as shown in figure 16. The face is partly dulled by etching and yields a dim signal giving the following angles: (167) Measured g=15° 22’ p=48° 18’ Calculated ¢=14° 36’ p=48° 16’ A= 0° 46’ A= 0° 02’ Although the values for A are small, the form was not confirmed by measurement of any other crystals, and, since it does not fit in a normal series as shown in the following discussion of zones, it must be considered to be doubtful. m (1.6.12) occurred as a narrow line face, beveling the angle between g (012) and » (114) on crystal 55. The face, although fairly conspicuous, was etched and rounded so as to yield only a poor signal, which, owing to its dimness, could not be accurately measured. The angles are: (1.6.12) Measured g=15° 14’ p=30° 06’ Calculated ¢= 14° 30’ poop is A= 0°44’ Ne iar O57 There is a marked probability that the indices have been incor- rectly determined. o (1.6.14) occurred with the last as a distinct but rounded face, beveling the angle between g (012) and « (115) on crystal 55. The signal was dim and somewhat blurred. The angles are: (1.6.14) Measured y=15° 05’ p=27° 49’ Calculated ¢=14° 28’ p= 297 16" A 0235’ Ashe 20! This form also must be regarded as requiring further confirmation. p (1.10.30) occurred as a dim face, beveling the angle between ¢ (013) and « (115) adjacent to » (1.6.12) and p (1.6.14) on crystal 55. Like these forms the face, though a relatively broad and prominent line, is somewhat etched and rounded, although this is the best established of the three forms, as shown by its angles, which are as follows: (1.10.30) Measured »=8° 06’ p= Joe Calculated ¢=8° 38’ O—2a, Ua, A=. 32° A= Oa 529 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 59, 8 (1.12.10) occurred on crystal 10 as a small though bright face, as shown in figure 19. The angles are: (1.12.10) Measured y=7° 25’ a= 615’ Calculated g=7° 23’ p=56° 53’ A=0° 02’ A= 07 387 The order of agreement is good, and this is regarded as a well- established form. t (1.20.15) occurs on crystal B7, as shown in figure 10, as a small triangular face. The angles are: (1.20.15) Measured y=4° 51’ p= 58-0" Calculated ¢=4° 25’ p=59° 27’ A=0° 26’ A= 0° 37’ u (211) occurs on several crystals as a narrow face between v (111) and a (100). In most instances, however, the face is entirely dull and can not be measured. The best face of this form which occurred on crystal 44, shown in part in figure 20, gave the following angles: (211) Measured y=71° 41’ p=76° 03’ Calculated g= 72° 25’ pPaTpxS4 N= 0° 447 AO aks Although the agreement between the calculated and measured angles is not as close as might be expected, this is due to the faintness of the signal from the etched face. The form may be regarded as well grounded. r (229) was noted first upon crystal 41, shown in figure 18, as a narrow line face between » (i14) and x (115). The angles are as follows: (229) Measured ¢=58° 04’ i 27 33! Calculated 9=57° 28’ p= 25 1360 Aa i) tere Or Os" The same form was also noted on crystal 55 as an etched face which gave very poor signals, not accurately measurable because of their faintness. These gave the angles: (229) Measured ¢=55° 40’ p=25° O08; Atul? ey A= Bas" Since the form does not agree with the normal series as shown in the discussion of zone 4 below, it must be regarded as a disturbed form. No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 523 3 (263) occurred on crystal 41 as a somewhat rounded face yielding a close group of signals. The face is shown in figure 18. It gave the angles: (263) Measured g=28° 55’ p= 7015" Calculated y= 27° 37’ p=70° 45’ A= 1°18’ A= 0°30! This form fits normally in the zone as shown below, and since it is an entirely probable form it may be considered established. The same form occurred on crystal B7 as a narrow face between Q (1.10.2) and M (122). This occurrence of the form yielded a somewhat better signal, giving the angles: (263) Measured ¢=27° 57’ p=70° 44’ AS P5207 N=1j09 O1¢ @ (295) occurred as one of a small group of rare forms on crystal 41 as shown in figure 18. The face of 295, though small, gave a sharp though faint signal, furnishing the angles: (295) Measured y=18° 54’ p=67° 00’ Calculated g=19° 15’ p= 6729’ A= 0° 21’ A= '0°:29’ 8 (296) occurred on crystal 41 as a small face, as shown in figure 18, which gave a distinct signal, although, owing to the minuteness of the face, the signal was too faint to illuminate the cross hairs. The angles on this crystal were: (296) Measured yg=19° 39’ p=65° 32’ Calculated ¢=19° 14’ p=bo o4, A= 0° 25’ A= 1°58’ The same form occurred on crystal 10 as a narrow face between 7 (123) and 6 (010), as shown in figure 19. This gave a somewhat brighter and more accurately measurable signal than the last, yielding the following angles: (296) Measured »=18° 50’ pa63. 54’ 3 Wa 0° 24" A= 02207 The measurements of the two crystals are averaged in Table 5. p (2.10.5) occurred on crystal 41, as shown in figure 18, as a minute face giving a signal too dim to be accurately centered. The angles are: 524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59, (2.10.5) Measured g=18° 41’ p=69° 41’ Calculated ¢=17° 24’ p=69° 24’ A= To az" A= 0° 17’ This form therefore is poorly established by the data obtained. «, (342) occurred on crystal 27 as a small brilliant face yielding an excellent signal. The angles are: (842) Measured g=49° 04’ p=75° 41’ Calculated ¢=49° 45’ prio? 41" A= 0° 41’ A= 0°.00’ Although observed only once, the form is considered to be well established. 6 (348) occurs on crystal 33 as a distinct though narrow line face between z (231) and e (112), as shown in figure 24. The signal, owing to the narrowness of the face, was too faint for precise measure- ment. The angles measured are: (343) Measured y=49° 36’ p=70° 29’ Calculated g=49° 45’ p=69° 03’ A= 0° 09’ = 1° 26’ The form is normal in zone No. 12, as shown below, and is con- sidered as established, the indices being confirmed by zonal relations. Y (351) occurred on crystal 33, as shown in figure 24, as a distinct line face between 7 (231) and o (120). The very faint signal from the partially etched face gave as angles: (351) Measured g¢=42° 32’ p=83° 45’ Calculated ¢=43° 17’ p=83~ 26" A=%0° 45% A=VO 19" e, (353) occurred on crystal 33, as shown in figure 24, as a small and very much etched face. The signal was very faint, and the measurements are only approximate. The angles are: (353) Measured ¢=44° 20’ p=68° 58’ Calculated g= 438° 23’ p=—13 55° A= 09 577 A= §% 00" The large discrepancy, A=5° 00’, is attributed to the difficulty of measuring so badly etched a face. The indices are confirmed by the zonal relations. No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 525 f, (861) occurred as a narrow line, giving a faint though distinct signal on crystal B2 between 0(120) and M(i22). The angles measured are: (361) Measured ¢=88° 06’ 0 =83. 28’ Calculated ¢=38° 15’ p= 84° 06’ A= 0° 09’ A= 0° 38’ The form is considered to be well established. g, (862) occurred as a line face yielding a fair signal on crystal 10, as shown in figure 19. The angles are: (362) Measured 9=387° 55’ p=78° 35’ Calculated ¢=38° 13’ p=78° 19’ A= 0° 18’ A= 0° 16’ This form also is normal in the zone (001): (120) and is considered to be well grounded. h, (3.10.20) occurred on crystal B2 as a bright line yielding a fair signal between a (124) and g(012). The angles are: (3.10.20) Measured g=25° 03’ foe Calculated ¢=25° 30’ p= 35> 027, A= 102 27" A= 0° 08’ (136) Calculated »=27° 32’ A= SDI A= 12°20! Oe thie The form is near (136), as shown above, but not sufficiently near, the quality of the signal considered, to be assigned to that form As shown by its high indices and its zonal position, the form is “disturbed”? and somewhat uncertainly established. 1, (461) occurs as a distinct line face, giving a dim signal between m (231) and nm (111), as shown in figure 24. The angles are: (461) Measured ¢=48° 06’ p=84" 55’ Calculated ¢=46° 26’ p= 84° 49’ Ae 40% N=" .06" 7, (5.6.30) occurs on crystal B5 as a very narrow line face trun- cating the angle between y» (114) and & (205), as shown in figure 13. The angles are: (5.6.30) Measured g=51° 47’ p22 ae Calculated g=52° 31’ p=22° a0" A= 0° 44’ A= 0? 13" 526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. The indices are improbable and are not confirmed by the zonal relations or by the position of the form in the normal series, as shown below. This must consequently be considered a disturbed and abnormal form. k, (794) occurs as a small face on crystal 41, as shown in figure 18. The face, in addition to being small, was somewhat etched. The angles are: (794) Measured o=50° 11’ p=77° 12" Calculated o= 50° 46’ p=77° 29’ Ne PS 5" WO? 7! This form also fails to fit in the normal series for its zone and is therefore a disturbed and abnormal form. l, (9.16.2) occurred on crystal 10 as a narrow rounded face between ~ o (120) and w (231), as shown in figure 19. The angles measured are: (9.16.2) Measured g=41° 25’ p=85° 47’ Calculated y= 41° 33’ p=85° 46’ AES AO 08’ Sa We The rounded face gave a band of signals. The measurement was made on a brighter and more pronounced signal in the center of the band. The form is poorly confirmed and is somewhat doubtful. m, (12.25.1), a form with such high indices that it may almost be considered vicinal to o (120) was observed as 7 distinct faces on 5 of the crystals examined. It is consequently believed to be a well- substantiated form. Of the crystals measured, Nos. 33 and B9 yielded the following angles: (12.25.1) Measured, XI. 33 g=37° 11’ peso oo" Measured, B9 y= 36° 40’ p=88° 14’ Measured, B9 y= 36° 44’ p=88° 18’ Measured, average y= 36° 52’ p=88° 22’ Calculated g=3l° 07’ p= 88° 27’ Az D> is’ A= 0° 05” This form occurs as a narrow line sometimes completely etched, beveling the edge between o (120) and m, (011). m te No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 527 “ TaBLE 4.—Datolite. List of new forms observed on datolite from Westfield during the present study with equivalent symbols and indices in the Dana and Goldschmidt orientations. | = $$ T uaa Paynes Goldschmidt | Dana orientation. orientation. | Letter. | Miller. Symbol. Miller. | Symbol € 380 co 8 083 0s X 043 0 3 380 co 8 g 205 2 0 504 +50 Vie. 16.0.39 | +38 0 | 39.0.32 | +32 0 mM 403 +40 302 | +3 0 Vie. 12.0. 25 +22 0 25.0.24 | +28 0 ae) 134 +3 3 231 + 2a8 B 192 +4 3 191 oe tea O 1.10.2 Soya 1.10.1 +110 R 1.12.2 +k 6 1.12.1 sual) S 331 + 3 166 +21 = 343 seetnies 386 aea ee u 344 oaee al 243 +2 ¢ B 345 a 586 ao Sone W 382 +34 183 +48 x 455 sae 5.10.8 + 8 ) 6.15.2 +345 1.15.6 +% 4 3 766 +31 367-1 44g 5 768 toe 467 +43 i 11.11.10 | +. 3 5.11.11 “pel tae 142 | —3 2 141 = tad | t 143 aS 382 == 3y4 I 167 —} $ tele % 66 | m™ 1.6.12 —% 4 Ge ae ae D _1.6.14 = 7 761 hao | p 7. 10. 30 ah 15.10. 1 —15 10 | 8 1.12.10 Sao ake 5.12.1 | — 512 es 1. 20.15 oak 15. 40.2 —41 20 u Se — 2. 124 —4 4 zr 229 See 944 aot 3 D634 ine =n GO 3.12.4 ees 0 295 —2 8 5.18. 4 — 8 ¢ 3B 296 ee 392 eee p 5.10.5 ae 5.20, 4 =: Stab Xi 342 Seg 143 eae 6 343 il 386 any cae ry 351 a 1.10.6 ae a 353 alee 3.10.9 —4¥ vi 361 —3 6 1.12.6 poet 4 1 _ 362 Saag Seger eit a 3. 10. 20 ee 10. 10.3 ae ee ix 461 6 1.12.8 ares i 5. 6.30 eae 15. 6.5 oes 1 Re odi len oe BOT ol wet. wae h 9.16.2 =Es 1.16.9 = 23s | ™ | J. 25.1 —]2 25 7. 50.24 =e | 528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 59. | | TABLE 5.—Datolite. Comparison of measured angles with calculated angles for new forms observed on datolite from Westfield, Massachusetts. Dana orientation. | } = os | Measured. Calculated. Letter. Miller. Quality. ¢ p g p ° , ° , ° , ° , c 380 | Very good....... 30 08 89 27 30 35 90 00 x O43°"\ Poor 864288. 332 0 00 62 00 0 05 59 21 g 205 Very good....... 89 55 38 25 90 00 38 41 ; Vic. TEOcs9 Goods =. ne nsce 89 56 39 26 90 00 39 22 i mM 403 \ EP OOTLAR ts aisle que 90 00 68 55 90 00 69 25 Vic. 12.0.25 | Very good....... 90 00 44 09 90 00 43 50 fe) oA air ee eee 28 51 46 48 27 50 47 02 ; ZS 192 | Very good....... 9 58 80 13 9 57 80 12 : Q PIO 2A e 2 WAQee a 2 essen 9 08 81 04 9 06 81 O1 ] R Poe? | Goods 22 a chet 7 35 83 18 Tee) 8&2 34 S Bolen ie sek done eek. 57 25 81 09 57 37 &1 58 | x 343 | Very poor......- 48 30 69 13 49 49 69 04 i u 344 God eo tee 49 24 63 18 49 49 63 00 . BY 345 1 S60) Sere pe 52 49 59 O1 49 50 57 30 Ww O52) |o..-2 Gate See See 30 38 82 36 30 37 80 21 x Bors: ee dO), 2. keer 52 27 64 13 51 38 63 52 y) O:.Vb: eet GOt* = ode svar 33 55 84 51 32 14 84 54 3 766 Go0d 2229 se 61 45 69 12 61 29 69 20 b 168.) *Pooreess. 2s 61 24 62 44 61 30 63 19 i TIUSTIE IO? air. See Sooo 57 44 69 O1 57 38 68 58 , i U42 | Very good....... 22 23 68 59 21 25 69 51 ft 143 Good.22- aac ae 21 51 61 25 21 26 61 07 I 167 POOR ee aes eae 15 22 48 18 14 36 48 16 ™m TGS Oats de.2-.45-) 243 15 14 30 06 14 30 33 11 o Te Gelae| ss: dO. csee~ 2 15 05 | 27 49 14 28 29 16 p T10580F foocse DOxe) e542 8 06 22 42 8 38 23 «(05 8 11D I1Oy re: 228 Gate wes = Jct 7” 25 56 15 7 2 56 53 t TPIS: soces Oe ae aienie 4 651 58 50 4 25 59 27 u Sir dest ees. 71 Al. 76 03 9225 76 34 ic DOr fee oe dgven teases: 56 52 26 20 57 28 27 36 3 D638 ee MO ne. sees os 28 26 70 35 OY ot 70 45 6 305: |"Goods.2= Se... 18 54 67 00 19 15 67 29 8 Oo) Tee ae GOrws onQer 17 TjammegrIOngveduy 18 18|amomrgrtnB Uve Miadna 19 B18 |amomzgrnBQ Uveid 20 63 |cmomegtnQvedrpuxa 21 59 |cmomrgtnvehux Mr 22 56 |cmormrgtcrvuHnwe 23 5|acmolzvunQ Uverdu 24 52|amormegtrHOnBQUQqve 25 17 | abcemormrgtringgqei 26 Bll | acmomrgtrvrnBqedrur 27 BS |abmolrvuQqgrSOM MPUL 28 64 | acmomegtynBerdpkaw 29 4)/abmormrgruSnBquedru 30 12\/ abmomrgrtunBQverdiazx 31 16) bmomegtnBQUverpiad 32 14) abmmregrHBnTUedkpidNX 33 15 | mormrgznBqvedu Madr 34 53 |acmomrgtrunvedrAux Miad 35 Blo |acmoOrmrgtNeXuMrPoy 36 B4 | acmomegtcrvunBgeca (16.0.39) 37 lj}acmormrgtrvueEnQUedu 38 2};acmormrgorvveryp Miad 39 20|acmomregtzrUrnBaedruxad 40 39 |abecmorzrusurnQUvedypi 41 50 | acmomrgtcodGrvuned pad” 42 21|abmormrgrvunBQUvr» Mid 43 B5 | acmmrgtarlsneXpw My KR Lf; (16.0.39) 44 25|abemormrgtrnBqeunxad MUQ 45 3 \ amolmrgtrvutEnBQverpiad 46 B2| mormegtvedun Miaddre wmhfi 47 41| morveXruxB Midrjzsoptr 48 55 | abmomrgtruBgedXuxSpomred 49 65|acmolrmegtcogrunBQ Uvedyiad 50 B9 | abmolmrgrHnbBQUerpadarmbhKhi 61 33 |abemomrgrnqveuBiarmaéTi 52 36 | acmomrgrvuHéeElTnBaqvedAuwxa M (12.0.25) 53 51} acmormrgtcrvuBQ UdXuxworTUBSOD 54 57 | be mormrgtcrvunBQvedryp Miadar 55 10|abecmomrgtrvunBQ Uvern MiadrssjraDh pi (16.0.39) No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 531 ZONES. The several prominent zones present on datolite have been dis- cussed by Gérgey and Goldschmidt, using the Goldschmidt orien- tation. It is of interest here to compare some of the more promi- nent zones in the Dana orientation with the normal series according to the law of complication of Goldschmidt with the especial purpose of criticising the new forms here described for this mineral. The method is useful indeed in checking up the indices assigned to new forms. This is illustrated by the fact that, although preceding por- tions of this paper had been completed previous to the analysis of the zones, the indices of at least two forms listed as new were shown by this method to be incorrect. ‘These two have been corrected. The zones discussed are those shown on the gnomonic projection, plate 1 of this paper. The excellent work of Schaller * has been a most useful guide in this interpretation. Zone No. 1.—Prism zone. h Symbol b aia | | ey | | | o. Siiteas 7 m e a Form..........+----- { oto | 140 | 130 380/120 | 230 | {340]e! 110 | [320] 530 | (210) [410] | 100 Svanbole.. . 2s23325..¢ o | 14] 18] 38|12 W332 | 1 | 3 |. 58 | 2 4 00 Bee sae en Vaal. 0 | 2/3 3/4 | 1 3/2 Sey 25/2] 34 | co 1/4 | 13} 2/5 | W2at| a oe Teeektten are known for fife species but were not orherved during the anne eae a are not shown on the gnomonic projection. 1 This zone is normal with one form extra and four missing. The extra form is the one here listed as new, 380. In place of this the normal series requires the form 2/5, or 250. The form 380 is con- sidered to be well founded, however, by its clean-cut face and sharp signal. That this is not 250 is shown by the following comparison of angles: 9° / ay a Sa a lend o— 30 405 Zone No. 2.—Clinodome zone. k Symbol 7- x | | hk | ly s b c t |g My | Mx | Fotis 34-}----9s7922 { 061 (1. 10] | [013] | o14 ois 012 | 023) 067) O11 043 (021) | 010 Symbol........---. 0. 1/10 | 1/8 | 14|17 |1/2 | ge I 6/7}. 1 |478 2 ©o Nee Tiiseiih. 2.3 Oli ead. | 1/4|1/39/5|1/23)5) 2/3 | 3/4) 1 (4/3 3/2 sis 251334 © | This zone is normal, with eight forms missing and three extra. Of the extra forms (1/10) and (1/8) were not observed by the writer, although 018 is reported from this locality by Whitlock. (067) 5 Schaller, W. T., Mercury Minerals of Terlingua, Texas. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 405, 1999. 532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. described by Kraus and Cook was doubtfully confirmed by one face measured on a single crystal. The only form listed here as new in this zone is 4/3, or 043, which fits in the normal series. Zone No. 3.—Positive orthodome zone. (001) : (100). Symbol * | Form y 2 vie. | z | Aicaeaye | $|M | s a Ponte 45 | 106 | 104 | 103 | 2 f 203 | 304 | 101 | 403 | 302 100 Symbol...... |” 0 is | 1/4! 1/3 | 3/8 ae | oy 1p 2/3 | 3/4| 1 | 48 ©0 dee ate okie n= Oo laces’ pe 1/4 | LBnjoc3s2 | 2/5 Jp rste ame 2 3is| 2/3 | 3/4 | 1 4/3 | 3/2513 251234 co This zone is then normal, with three forms extra and six forms missing. Of the extra forms (106), listed in Goldschmidt’s Winkel- tabellen, was observed as one narrow and etched face. The form 308, first described by Gérgey and Goldschmidt from this locality, was many times confirmed and is well established. (12.0.25), admittedly vicinal, may be ignored. The new form (403) in this zone is normal, ana being entirely probable may be regarded as established, alihaash it was seen as only a single narrow face. Zone No. 3b.—WNegative orthodome zone. (001) : (100) Symbol oh | | | | | | - | c a | ue teat Il z= Zia z Le 4 Form.........-.-.-- { 001 | [104] i02| (304) 101} 302 201 702] | [11.0.2], 100 | Bynsbol scoc.ce e: oo | o| 1/4 y2| 3/4 1 3/2 2 7/2 | 11/2 co IN gah ence tite cena | 0 1/4, 2, 1/2 | 3/4 le 3/25 25 R14 cee ee co The zone is normal, with nine forms missing and two extra. Of the extra forms neither was found by the writer nor were any new forms listed by the writer in this zone. Zone No. 4a.—Positive pyramid zone. (001) : (110) symbol. Z| 4! n | | Morn | c WW) oe | A S m py at 001 | [1.1.18] pis als ja ea 112 ii (at iL. 10> ay) | 331 110 SyHEDO) 2 once. 22 0 | (1/18) (4) | 1/4 /3 1/2 1 11/10 3 co Sea cee eee Os Hew oe See ee SRL ee | 1/4 1/32 1/2 |s a5 1s | 28 | 3 | 34 co | 53 44 3] a = The zone is normal, with four forms extra and nine missing. Of the extra forms 11/10 is here listed as new. It is obviously a disturbed or vicinal form. None of the other extra forms were encountered. No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 583 Zone No. 4b.—Negative pyramid zone. (001) : (110) Symbol eh 1 c a T by € yu oe Jt Form......-.-. { ool Tis | 115 | 229 is | 27 | 713 | Ti2 | 323 | i | 332 | Tio Symbol.......- 0} Ws} ys | 29 | 14 | 27 | 4s fe 12) | 9/8.) |and ie asain Sy cose ne | o| ya | 25 | 49 | 172 | 47 | 23 | 1 MiB" |, - Qos leo Bees gee eo Or tage aise tes ss Hane BBE isa | a |e aon selves < | | | < 3 |s 3 The zone is normal, with six forms missing and two extra. Of the extra forms (227), previously reported, was confirmed by one narrow and poor face while (229), here listed as new was found on two crystals. Both are probably established though disturbed forms. Zone No. 5a.—Positive pyramid zone. (011) : (100). Symbol}. F_3. F = : : | Q u | 3 D FOPM......-2--2--2+-22e22eeee eee eee {ori | 122 gua | 465 | 111 | 76 | [211] | 100 Synbol amet tM 0 | 1/2 3/4 4/5°|- > -b- 76 arising ae Aid OS ag SiC OF ng [ere Nou SP el ete distley sete Dapeale a aco 447% | Ba | a a | The zone is normal, though very incomplete. Two forms are extra, both of which are new. These are regarded as well founded through disturbed forms. Zone No. 5b.—Negative pyramid zone. (011) : (100). Symbol =". #1, 1 a ah ub Jason 2 if m M v | y a POPM... 12-02. 22- 22 ee eee eee eee eee ee ee ec eee ee neces) { oll | 22°] T1 | 31 | Bil 100 VE DOL Sees one ca ce SR PO PSA. SiR Es oe h==-(0 1/2 1=-=} lp es Seeds eto [oyu ee Age PR GR oe |B a | 0 Wood | ee Bice: onc The zone is normal, with no forms lacking and only one extra. The extra form (811) observed independently by Gorgey and Gold- schmidt, Ungemach, and the present .writer, can be regarded as established. Zone No. 6.—Negative pyramid zone. (0138) : (100). Symbol . Jos. ut p M r a epee crea ne nase cose as Serer a { ois | tio30) Bs 113 100 Byna OL oa. on ice. Suntan f as anh: SEA WOM 0 1/30 1/6 1/3 co Ba Ss ee ee eRe Ret ong 0 1/10 1/2 1 co Nes eb csc cccwe cadets cecnnnceaccmav cee emegs as EEE EE. 0 1 co The zone is normal, having the form (1.10.30), here listed as new an extra form. 534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 59. Zone No. 7.—Pyramid zone. (100) : (012) : (100). Symbol , im2, 3 pe core al Sala Be [Pe er ri ae | ; aie | a q w A g m er ee a € a FOrm......-----+-02-++++- { 100} 312] 324] 112] O12) 16.12] 148) 3. 10.20} 124! 712! oo Aymboliss 4.2. fv. Lid shout 3/2| 3/4| 1/2] 0 | az | 8} 3/20 1/4 | 1/2] | | | Dividing at 0 and reversing the first part gives: Symbol...: 0.4.49. 0099. 28, SEteegil Ae ee et 0 1/2 3/4 3/2 co Weise. = 0. 9.0. DOTS BR. DSSIGGSt weno 0 i/3 1/2 als 3/223 © The first or positive portion of the zone is thus normal, with four forms missing but none extra. The second portion gives: Symbol... .........7..-> a3pee Saseeee alee Of, 412s 1/8., 3/20 2/4,. 1/260 ea Es ei eh a Sp et see as ye Ae ME i 0.-1/3 dJ2. 3/5 dap too Dividing at 1: SRNL Soon oy ts Sarl te' = Gmdysimin. ata chompaetet Pace acs 4 0 1/3 1/2 3/5 1 v 129 alsjalee dislels © alalsice cliasfois oe viele cic c)clclsls ws eles eipic oss cope 0 1/2 1 3/2 oc ee ee eee ee O13 1/2 o/s 1 3/223 @ The zone is then normal with no extra forms. This is especially gratifying, since new forms with high indices, such as 1-6-12 and 3.10.20, fit in very well. Zone. No. 8 —Pyramid zone. (100) : (023) : (00). Symbot * #_? es d ® Se AT aie Ek Ree ce foo | 123 | [023] | 123 | 323 = 00 Symbolic sse i ke ee ee ee, pee yo. aes | 1/3 | 0 1/3 2/3 5/6 co pie aL 3 4 ener | ee x Dividing at 0 and considering the last part: RUE a ee pe ee ee a ee 1/3 3/3 5/6 © 3v pr bobianns -ad - qes- - spate A penertee Ae Seen Seleaceed 12 1 5/4 © Yee eo ola aa ate | Rage a ee eI ae 1/2 1 2 © This zone is thus normal, with 5/4 or 546 extra. This form, described by Ungemach and confirmed by the present investigation, may be considered to be well established. Zone No. 9.—Pyramid zone. (100) : (043) : (100). Symbol - rat. | | f t ft 6 a BOM. «20. 0s eves ee cits te eeeeelee tt eon eel A 100 | 343 Yis| cas ho ne 343 100 SOM oc Bene ec ace an al casla'= walore Casino oe Ae 0; M5 | 1B 1 90 No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 535 Dividing at 0 and considering the last part: 0 lb 18 1 o eee sodiisicie bc Pane Se I ORD NEB 0 1/5 1 Bites Dividing at 1: 015 1 13 © v Top cc 0 1/4 @ Vea ree ie Bente ae eee OF 2 1c LU kc tebe Se ave eae ee 0 aTeS) 1) Pepa cpraia st aa 6 ates EY La, OF gs 0 emery eh tee is kd soni 0 1@ DNLene seep egicn a tg: dic i Os aber Zone No. 10.—Pyramid zone. (100) : (021) : (100). Symbol. * 2, | | Si 1 | : | S ' : | B eee enn seen { 100 bt el 3.10.5 2 | 33 | pat | 342 | 700 Bipettiale eee coe ns practi: The 0 [28 | 22 | 2] 1 | ap | co Dividing at 0 and considering the second part: 0-2/5 1/2 2/3 1 3/2 co. Dividing at 1: 0 2/5 1/2 --2/3---1 Vv ee Re te eats eo Nala ee holt 2 Sk eas cvasiercas 2 is 0 He eke retour e tes Noginows oo a -|nb tn 2). sine sein sale bee sees eee sees eee 0 vs ve 2/3 1 yo 2 3,0 The zone thus dissected is shown to be normal. It contains the unusual new form 2.10.5. Zone No. 11.—Oblique pyramid zone. (110) : (012): (110). Symbol = @| 9 m q JD | pret EE 2 Ke gil m eet: ert -~ ~~ Bea 2 {io | 122] ga] d2| téeu | rio | s| doe) fal toe | “ho Swicibol./ $25.1. :86..1; of 1 | | 12) ol | 25 | 38| 36| 14] 0 | ples i eI S ieee | | Reversing: O 14? 1) "3/8" '2)5 87°) 1/2) 3/4 “1 Prey Se era Md GOS S14 A/G. 4G). <1 9/06 oi tes Gy mo 9/8 3/4 4/5 G7 eel a ioetrerdcis vale oie eda 0 laa alc ay: acti: 1—v QO). 4. WRN. Wee, OR. eT kh fot Goa Mi Wace rer we eae N3 Sees enw cee wees ce wec cee nce cece ewe ewcscce 0 1/3 1/2 2/3 L 3/2 2 3 co Zone No. 12.—Positive pyramid zone. k (101) : (010). Symbol ors ou 1. | R |= B b BOER 2-2 ~'- ceva) envenlneaareneacateaelsncn anes { ior | ut | ase 3a 121 | 010 BGUIDOl es eer cer ore eee eee eB 1 5/4 | 4/3 2 co BO ee ates he Sees ok eee ewe coe Veaoelasa: 0 1/4 | 1/3 1 co SMES, COINS. Dak RES Sy ok. Pee en Nei 0 1/2 | 2/3 2 co SNe eee eae ae erste Sere moe cine seme enna dee eenieea= | eaeeniene | 0 ys 1/2 | 2/31 3/2 23 oo This zone, though incomplete, is normal with no extra forms. 536 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59, Zone No. 138.—Positive pyramid zone. (010) : (102) : (010). symbol +. -=2. | D gw | > Bits ene roe aa 102 its Pa ib2 1.10.2 | 1.122 | 010 Pym Oole co) a ssac2. eis ee eae | 0 12 1 9/2 5 6 oo Dividing at 1 and considering the last part: 1 9/2 5 6 © DES RR ETA Rh ep lcs aaleSe rtrd Mae eee pst ares OBIE Na 0 7/2 4 5 @ Ae Se Ree Te Ee NT A tc aoe ce ee eae | ea ese eae tay OFS Sele ace DF a eae ena ete nar ate Seance te ete ayaa eee epeare are ote to erect era QO ‘Ls 2" P4Aiecs Ivan: Beads sos qannd vee ae Dewees desi fare! sete 0.1/2 1s Qs an A ES ae Rl a 6. 1/241 This zone is also entirely normal. Zone No. 14.—Negative pyramid zone. {i06) : (116) : (010). Symbol Ss 16, j MN b Sr ec ee ee { ji05) | 16 | 8.830 | 128 | ow SVEN Olas cee et Rees Abe etait ceils Sires tan eete = elas otaialaiete 0 1/6 i ies 1/3 co Oe ee ete sect cee te ei olen Te ma aia ale otatare te wtate siete ltteers ate a \ rae 1/3 2/5 2/3 © v pica: scrchon as « Decal 35 sty ~-Bizasaias= bite dene ener ce eres 0 1/2 | 2/3 2 © Nie nen Nie ee ee ORS Sree ee hat ncaa eae 0,| 12 | 3) 22 © This zone is normal. Zone No.15.—Negative pyramid zone. (010) : (102) : (010). Symbol = . + a9, Fee M | b acces Oe oe gee tig te PCS ay aa 1 { toe ships | m2 | ue | oto IVA HOl es cere chin toe eh ohare eegepy ciao ee eRe areal | 0 1/2 1 Bye peer © Ste eee dae ee erode ten ere ace eee eeeepe | 0 1/2 i 3/2 23 ©0 eee ts | This zone though incomplete is entirely normal. Zone No. 16.—Negative pyramid zone. (010) : (101) : (010). Symbol ‘ Pat, 2 | | 7 BX Ty _B b ee ere aera pets eee ce ge cee {1m | m1 | 343 | 33 (im 010 ByMDOL? wo Fs- bees os jokes te eA es aaa es ose ene | 1 4/3 EMRE) co De FSS on co Ste sic. ae be a oe sain a oe eee eee wainpinmonelaa wens tere 0 1/3 2/3 1 © New bwin oeesice Me sece a5. fect Sees ee wanes feria 0 13 | 423 |1,,, 0 This zone is normal though incomplete. —" No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 587 Zone No. 17.—Negative pyramid zone. : Re Nowe (010) : (302) : (010). Symbol Te, Yl ee Ss Je £ b ns SU eRe, aoe een kt eee coe { son | 332 | 3a Tho aint PV RAD OL ora seco ae an cae Bese a see oe cate aoe cote ocbebsne oe Oo | 3/2 2 3 co nm a Se aN memo Se ee anes coce O- -4 1 2 Ba Miles ecmc anced ser oocccae soot cso ceaccsn seuss dogsb ieee eter secs 0 | 1/2 1 2 co This zone is entirely normal and is complete. Zone No. 18.—Diagonal zone. k (110) : (101) : (011) : (110). Symbol 7+ m 9 A UO m | ast B E ¢g f | ics Stay) te Eos oe aes a oe {io | sho | ie) is) Be Oh a) de i | ao PVIMDOl. coc cecssacs ces sc ements 2 fore) 1/2 | 0 1/2}. 273) 3/4) 1 | 4/3 | 3/2 | 2 © ee nO AS Rt et rere, Lote O42} U2 )22/3| 3/4) 1 | 4/8) 3/24) 2. °| | % (3 | | | 3| 334 This zone though complete is normal. Zone No. 19.—Diagonal zone. h (120) : (102) : (011) : (120). Symbol ar | eee ae | a . ° Wit li w | z Mz | _ _§ o 5 0 epee cccco st pompano as {10 111 | Tos | 324 | 102) 011 | 1.12.10 | 295) Taz | 10 Syren. 200 820) BOUOW 2 oo | 1 7/8} 3/4 | 1/2 0; 7/10 2/5 1/2| © | | O 2 W258 ea tes ei ris SSS eos ae rete aettets 0 Lys /27 7) aoe ees Nz eC ee ewe ew wie te eee ee es eee ee wwe eee ete mete emo ccc cece 0 1 i 2 oc This zone is normal with 2 forms missing, and 1 form, 768, which is here listed as new, extra. The second part of the original zone is: 0 1/10 5 «We ee cre 0 1/2 D0 pyon ais N, ee ce te ee mee ee ete ee eee ee ee ee ee ee eee 0 1/2 1 2 ce Though incomplete this portion is normal. Zone No. 20a.—Positive vertical pyramid zone. (ea) sae (001) - (120). Symbol Pa Ema , l i 0 6 Or c HORT ao asks Se ccinc eae eo eae mabe ape Soee neko ema ned ae anaes Sa { 120 121 122 (193 001 SWAMD OME o 552 cicis soso pee na Sac ccacae Jaen cewes vias ionp sis e ee eee oo 2 1 2/3 0 ee ha coe eaw eens rece ne sae mawe neat ea saeneeees | Oop 2 i 2/3 43 0 This zone is normal with 4 forms missing. 5388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Zone No. 20 b.—Negative vertical pyramid zone. (001) : (120). Symbols". | | fd ahd a ieee | MER O rrcign anne terrekrad { oo | 333 | i | tos | in Symbol. 2e8..5.. 585 ..4..3% | 1/35 1/2 2/3 | 1 Ge Mc Be hee Of) Ue] a} Be) ae ob 12 2 2 1 VOL. 59. The zone is normal with only one form missing and one extra. extra form is 361 which is here described as new. Zone No. 22.—Diagonal zone. (120) : (011) : (102) : (120). Symbol. d ao | 9 Porm.......-------+ 1200| 01 | 135 | tos | ats | Toe S¥MHOl. was avs ss co 0 1/5 1/4 1/3 1/2 Dividing at 1: 0 1/5 Vv ee A ee eek eee ee ee 0 1/4 Ose os cens ck ciatnias ecto die caine es oon fen a 0 1/2 Ie ae eh eves ge tect: ter lt a me 04 1/2 Ill 342 1 | 3/2 1/4 1/3 1/2 a8 12 wa 7 Se D/9\ Ecc ess 5/6 5) co 10 @ oO The zone is normal except for the form 546 which does not fit in. Zone No. 23.—Vertical zone. (140) : (001) : (140). Symbol * ° | e | | ie; , c B se een { 140 | oft | 1.410 [iss PYM DOM siacresiccnoccistancsenaaewsacssesaee co 0 2/5 = {1/2 es a nah de been ae tient Oba) 25 | |/2. g¢1 +e Bi 1438 | 142 4/3 | 2 2 This zone is normal though incomplete. No. 2385. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DATOLITE—SHANNON. 539 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 108. Gnomonic projection of forms observed on datolite from Westfield showing distribu- tion in zones. The zone numbers correspond to those used in the discussion of zones according to Goldschmidt’s Law of Complication. Puate 104. Datolite crystals from Westfield, Massachusetts. Large crystals showing type I habit with characteristic mutual interference surfaces and molds of anhydrite crystals. Crystals lightly coated with ammonium chloride. Natural size. Cat. No. 94253, U.S.N.M. PuLaTE 105. Datolite crystals from Westfiela, Massachusetts. Group of large crystals showing characteristic habit and mode of aggregation. The large crystal in the center of the group shows characteristic parallel growth. Crystals natural size. Lightly coated with ammonium chloride. Cat. No. 86002, U.S.N.M. Gift of C. 8. Bement. PLATE 106. Datolite crystals from Westfield, Massachusetts. Upper. Group of crystals of Type 4 habit. The crystal figure 24 came from this group. Coated with ammonium chloride. 13 times natural size. Lower, Crystals lining cavity in vein of granular datolite. Coated with ammonium chloride. 14 times natural size. Renin to. stoloatontty pili i Alon shiooeon 5. epee shelve dhe Seales wan SMe ein | was \ ; aay Be Lymer a daiatebs ROE aera aed Ree Deeey I Sih otwodth Mate vik © » abioatia neal iver ea te jomolgat reco osiionn h ) nothis tiie Elke of tad ante lewievi are givitonine diiw betaoo 2 Hone NOOR obec gonnenl ure / 2at i) OL mts i. srinsin solo ere wrinhisa econ slabee 0 do tetas 9 a / Se alinget olf lookees - dusaretl.2 SLae MLAS 098.018 ta a Peercet arian. 5} | OL mena nics pont ssae3, PS otitgit. leterzro. oft. “aided gant; Wdaseetd 4 io, 2 sais .oxin isiatan agatit ££» .obixolelo: cays. musieoarens ‘Bivisomia diiw bofac) -otilaiab ralcerg Yo aiev nf ysite9 sail “oste Ierotan "TRO Zone ie ROTA! GRSEHE : far hae formehad which-doas net ae ~ Verte 3G. % 120). Evrae Js e0ne as Gormal Licueh shou pheies a ee oe oe ee we a ee PAVVEEMINGS, VUL, OF PL. 109 DATOLITE CRYSTALS FROM WESTFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 539. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 104 DATOLITE CRYSTALS FROM WESTFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 539. 27177—21. (‘'o face page 539.) U, 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM | i 4 4h Odi ° | AP) | = N ae © M, 3 YA Pv Palin a 27 m GNOMONIC PROJECTIONS IN DANA ORIENTATION SHOWING FORMS AND ZONES OCCURRING ON DATOLITE FROM WESTFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 539, | @11.11.10 eR O76 Z)3__1.10.2 eee 192 1.12.2) S23 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM | PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 105 DATOLITE CRYSTALS FROM WESTFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 539. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 106 DATOLITE CRYSTALS FROM WESTFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS. FOR EXPLANATION. OF PLATE SEE PAGE 639. TWO NEW GENERA OF NEMATODES, WITH A NOTE ON A NEGLECTED NEMATODE STRUCTURE. By Maurice C. Hatt, Senior Zoologist, United States Bureau of Animal Industry. In this paper two species are removed from two large genera, in which they do not belong, for the sake of accuracy and convenience, the present names being erroneous and misleading, and the species of such economic interest as to make accurate naming desirable. A very distinctive structure, present in one of these worms, has been found to be frequently present in nematodes, but apparently over- looked or misinterpreted. It is given the name of ‘‘telamon”’ in this paper. One of the species for which a new genus is necessary is Fuilaria oslert from the trachea and bronchi of the dog. This species was originally called Strongylus canis bronchialis by Osler in 1877, but as it has none of the distinctive characters of Strongylus in even the broad sense in which that term was used by the older zoologists, and as it has a trinomial name instead of a binomial name, it was renamed Filaria oslert by Cobbold in 1879. At the present time there are over 900 specific names and variations in the genus Filaria, and F. osleri is so remote from the type species, /’. martis Gmelin, 1790, from the mink, that the worm ought not to be placed in the superfamily Filarioidea. I have been unable to obtain specimens of this worm for study, and the existing descriptions are unsatisfactory, but the fact that the worm has so little in common with Filara makes it advisable to remove it from this genus. As it does not seem to fit any existing genus, I am proposing a new genus for it, naming the genus in honor of the late Dr. William Osler, who discovered the worm and after whom the species is named. Tentatively the worm is referred to the super- family Spiruroidea. OSLERUS, new genus. Generic diaqgnosis.—Spiruroidea: Small worms (up to 1.5 em. long according to Rabe). Mouth structure uncertain; probably without distinct lips (according to Osler the mouth is simple and the conical PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 59—No. 2386. 541 5492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. head is without papillae. Milks agrees with Neumann’s description of it as having two or three prominences or concentric lips, behind which there are three papillae; according to Blumberg, the head bears several papillae; according to Rabe, the mouth is surrounded by two or three concentric folds, and near it there is one large eminence with two smaller ring-shaped ones behind it). The male has two unequal yellowish spicules. (The inequality is not very great, as is the case in species of the genus /laria, since the type species of Oslerus has spicules 48 and 56 plong). The posterior extremity of the male is bluntly rounded, according to Rabe; somewhat pointed, according to Osler; or somewhat pointed and slightly bent, according to Blumberg. The female has a rounded tail end and the vulva is very close to the anus (Rabe says just anterior to the anus, and Milks agrees with this; Blumberg says 20 u anterior of the anus; and Osler says the anus and vulva open to the exterior by a cloaca, or common channel). The worms are Ovoviviparous, the eggs hatching in the uterus, giving rise to embryos which are blunt anteriorly and pointed posteriorly. The only known species occurs in the trachea and bronchi, and apparently in the pulmonary parenchyma also, of the dog. Type species.—Filaria osleri Cobbold, 1879. The fact that this worm is ovoviviparous would suggest an affinity with the Filarioidea. Its location in the lining of the respiratory tract and the presence of the vulva directly in front of the anus excludes it from the Filarioidea and relates it to the Spiruroidea near the Gongyl- oneminae, which also have the vulva close to the anus. The fact that it is OVoviviparous does not fit in well with the known members of the Spiruroidea, but as there is more or less variation in the matter of depositing eggs or bearing embryos within the limits of the larger groups, this may be regarded as a variation within the reasonable definition of the superfamily, the worm being regarded as an aberrant development. This worm is designated as Oslerus osleri (Cobbold, 1879) Hall, 1921. The other species for which a new generic name is necessary is Strongylus rubidus Hassall and Stiles, 1892, from the stomach of swine. This species belongs in the superfamily Strongyloidea, but not in the genus Strongylus. This genus in the old extended sense contains at present over 350 specific names and variations of one sort and another, and has been restricted in its accurate meaning to forms congeneric with its type species, Strongylus equinus Mueller, 1784, from the large intestine of Equidae. The superfamily Strongyloidea is usually divided into the families Strongylidae, Trichostrongylidae, and Metastrongylidae. The genus Strongylus is the type genus of the family Strongylidae. Strongylus rubidus belongs in the family Trichostrongylidae. It has affinities with such genera of Tricho- | ; : | No. 2386. TWO NEW GENERA OF NEMATODES—HALL. 543 strongylidae as Cooperia Ransom, 1907, Ostertagia Ransom, 1907, and Ornithostrongylus Travassos, 1914, but it differs fro these genera in certain respects which appear to be of generic value. The generic name Hyostrongylus is therefore proposed for it, with the following diagnosis: HYOSTRONGYLUS, new genus. Generic diagnosis.—Trichostrongylinae: Male bursa with small but distinct dorsal lobe and well-developed lateral lobes. (There is a distinct bulla just anterior of the bursa in the type species.) The latero-ventral ray is larger than the ventro-ventral ray, and its tip is turned back Ewan! the ventro-ventral. ; The externo-lateral and medio-lateral rays diverge slightly, the postero-lateral ray di- verging more widely from the medio-lateral. The short externo-dorsal ray arises at the base of the dorsal ray and lies about midway between the postero-lateral rays and the short dorsal ray. The dorsal ray bifurcates near its tip, and has also two small branches at ° about two-thirds of the distance from the base. Two equal spicules (120 u long by 20 u wide anteriorly in the type species), tapering , to a point, with a wavy ridge running the length of the spicule and supporting a curved membranous portion, which terminates in a second point. Posterior of the position usu- ally occupied by these spicules in the body is Ss Ble a narrow brown gubernaculum (60 » long in ee |—romovors eee the type species), situated in the dorsal wallof tye retamon. HicHLY MAGNI- the cloaca and terminating by a colorless con- ¥™- nection in a brown, oblong structure. Ventral of this is a structure (fig. 1), readily seen in fresh material, but so transparent as to be difficult to detect in glycerine jelly mounts or alcoholic material. This structure has a central portion shaped like a spur or a wishbone, situated in the ventral wall of the cloaca near its aperture, and with the point of the spur extending anteriorly; the two posterior points of the spur turn dorsally into the lateral walls of the cloaca and then extend anteriorly as flattened curved plates in the lateral walls of the cloaca. This structure I have named the telamon, a term of Greek origin used in architecture for an ornamental supporting structure. In the female worm the tail is rounded, not mucronate; the anus is very near the posterior end of the body and the vulva is about one-sixth to one-seventh of the body length from the posterior end; ol { 4 1 oN 4 | si “i 4 \ | 544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. . the vulva is a long, n narrow transverse slit, sometimes slightly salient. There are a very short vagina and two divergent ovejectors. Eggs are elliptical, comparatively thin-shelled, and segmenting when deposited. The only known species occurs in the stomach of swine. Type species.—Strongylus rubidus Hassall and Stiles, 1892. This worm is designated as Hyostrongylus rubidus (Hassall and Stiles, 1892) Hall, 1921. Travassos, in an undated reprint which has just come to hand, puts S. rubidus in the genus Ostertagia, but this species lacks the accessory bursal membrane characteristic of species of Ostertagia. The type species, Hyostrongylus rubidus, has already been described by Hassall and Stiles (1892) in their original report on this worm, but the following point should be noted in regard to this species: In their original description, Hassall and Stiles figure the lateral portions of the telamon as filamentous. This is due to the fact that this structure is colorless and highly transparent, very difficult to find or study in alcoholic or mounted material, and they have drawn the outline and overlooked the included structure. It has been found advantageous in studying this structure to resort to staining with gentian violet. This is a very rapid, penetrating, and amenable stain, which can be used in water or any strength of alcohol, the specimens being subsequently mounted in glycerine jelly or in balsam. {t clears rapidly and shows a tendency to decolorize, so it is perhaps better suited for staining material for immediate study than for per- manent mounts. It stains the rays of the bursa and many of the internal organs very well, and also stains the accessory supporting structure which is designated as the telamon in such forms as Hyo- strongylus rubidus. The so-called chitinous structures, such as the spicules, which are brown, do not take the stain, asarule. Staining develops the fact that there is a transparent structure which connects the posterior end of the gubernaculum proper to the irregularly oval or quadrangular structure, which Hassall and Stiles regarded as the cloacal aperture, showing that these are parts of one structure. The quadrangular structure is too small to permit the passage of the spic- ules, even if it represented a true aperture. It is situated on the conical tip of the body, inside of the bursal cavity, and gives the tip of the body an appearance of being bifid or bicornate in profile when seen in some views. The cloacal aperture is ventral of this conical body termination and is very vague in outline, even in stained prepa- rations. The gubernaculum and telamon appear to be modifications of the cloacal wall, either by local thickening and condensation or by the deposition of material of suitable hardness for the protection of the cloacal walls from’ the passage ofjthe sharp, pointed spicules, and for . No. 2386. TWO NEW GENERA OF NEMATODES—HALL. 545 the direction of the spicules; they also support the cloacal wall and aperture, the spicules when these are extruded, and the genital cone in some cases; a platelike gubernaculum projecting from the dorsal wall of the cloaca may also aid in separating the spicules to form a suitable channel for the passage of the spermatozoa. Appar- ently the term gubernaculum should be restricted to the more or less longitudinal structure in the dorsal wall of the cloaca toward the anterior end, and the term telamon used for the supporting structure of variable form near the cloacal aperture. The study of the telamon in the genus Hyostrongylus naturally led to an examination of other nematodes to ascertain if this structure was commonly present. A closely related worm, Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus (Stevenson, 1904), Travassos, 1914, was first con- sidered, since H. rubidus and O. quadriradiatus were both originally described from this laboratory, the Zoological Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry, with a description and figure of a peculiar structure in the cloaca. Ex- amination showed that the star-shaped structure (fig. 2) figured by Stevenson is a telamon corresponding in | its general location and evident function with the telamon in H.rubidus. An examination of species of the trichostrongyle genera Cooperia, Ostertagia, Haemon- chus, Graphidium, and Citellinema shows what are apparently telamons in these genera, indicating that the 5,4 5 oro. telamon will be found generally present in the Tri- srroneytus chostrongylidae. What appears to be a telamon is fy) )niavon, present among the Strongylidae in the genera Bustomum x 470. From and Oesophagostomum. Among the Metastrongylidae to, °° %°°™? jt appears likely that what has been called the unpaired accessory structure in Synthetocaulus pulmonalis (—Synthetocaulus commutatus) must be regarded as a gubernaculum, and what have been called the paired accessory structures must be regarded as the elements of a telamon. The chitinous arc in which the body termi- nates in the genus Synthetocaulus may also prove to be an element of the telamon. An examination of a number of published figures of male nematodes indicates that what is apparently a telamon has been figured by various authors, sometimes without explanatory labeling and sometimes as a gubernaculum or part of the spicules. Outside of the Strongyloidea this structure appears to be present in some form in the Oxyuroida and perhaps in the Spiruroidea and Filarioidea. It appears to be best developed in forms having comparatively short spicules and poorly developed in forms having long linear spicules, so far as I have examined them. In its simplest form the telamon seems to be a ring-shaped structure, complete or incomplete, surround- ing the cloacal aperture. This elementary form is modified by the 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59—— 35 546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. development of processes anteriorly along the walls of the cloaca and along the sides of the genital cone. It seems probable that this relatively hard and distinct structure with its wide variation in shape will prove of value as a generic and specific character. The material of which it is composed gives the impression of being very similar to that forming the wall of the sucker in such genera as Heterakis, where the sucker is strongly developed. What is apparently the same material appears to be present in the region of the vulva in the female, apparently serving the same purpose as a supporting structure. This seems to be a quite distinct structure in Trichostrongylus, and for the time being this may be referred to as the vulvar support. THREE NEW MYRMECOPHILOUS BEETLES. By Wiitram M. Mann. Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. The three species of ant-guests described below include a most bizarre ecitophile of uncertain systematic affinities, taken in Mexico in 1913, a species of the genus Eeitophya from Brazil and a Fustiger from Honduras, the latter the first of its subfamily from the Central American region. Family STAPHYLINIDAE Subfamily ALEOCHARINAE CREMATOXENINI, new tribe. Near Myrmedoniini. Maxillary palpi, 4-jointed. Labial palpi, 3-jointed. Antennae 11-jointed, inserted in frontal foveae separated by a strong carina. Abdomen oval behind, in front constricted into an elongate, 2-jointed pedicel. CREMATOXENUS, new genus. Moderate sized, myrmecoid species, strongly constricted between pronotum and elytra. Head very thick in profile, extended behind into a narrow neck. Eyes well developed, large and rather fiat. Maxillary palpi large, 4-jointed; first joint short; second elongate, about half as long as the third, which is elongate, clavate, and circular and nearly plane at tip; forth joint short and awl-shaped. Maxillary lobes very large, the outer coarsely setigerous apically, the inner with a row of fine hairs on the inner margin. Mentum large, concave at anterior border. Ligula membraneous, apparently bilobed. Labial palpi 3-jointed; basal joint short and thick; second and third joints elongate, the second considerably thicker and nearly twice as long as the third. Antennae situated on front of head in large circular foveae which are separated by a strong, median carina; 11-jointed, first joint scapiform, as long as the following three joints together. Clypeus rather flat, nearly straight at anterior border. Mandibles small and arcuate. Pronotum elongate, constricted behind, inflexed nearly vertically at sides; in profile the anterior border is truncate PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 59—No. 2387. 547 548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. and forms an angle with the ventral border. Prosternum in front of coxae strongly concave. Mesothorax very small, separated from metathorax by a strong constriction. Scutellum large, elongate, trilobed, the posterior lobe much longer than the others. Metanotum in profile convex in front, then shallowly concave, with a declivous posterior surface separated from the basal part by a rounded angle; from above, large, elongate, with convex sides and truncate posterior border. Elytra apparently fused, suture nearly obsolete, indicated by a faint impression; humeri subgibbous. Metasternum large and convex. Abdomen with a slender, two-jointed petiole, nearly as long as the posterior portion and separated from it by a constriction; posterior portion short and oval, dorsum with a feeble marginal line; segments indistinctly separated. Tarsi 4-5-5 jointed. Legs long and slender. Posterior femora strongly bent basally. Front and middle coxae large, elongate and contiguous; posterior coxae separated. Genotype.—Crematoxenus aenigma, new species. CREMATOXENUS AENIGMA, new species. Length, 4mm. Color dark brownish red, shining, the pronotum, metanotum, first segment of the petiole, the antennae, and legs less so than the remainder. Posterior portion of pronotum and the elytra (except the humeri) rather coarsely punctate, remainder of body and the head sparsely and very finely punctate; antennae densely punc- tate; legs shallowly punctate. Head, body, and legs with abundant fine, yellow hairs, long and erect ones mingled with others shorter and suberect. Antennal funiculus with shorter and stiffer curved hairs. Ventral surface of thorax finely punctate and sparsely pilose. Head a little longer than broad, sides convex. Clypeus broad, very shallowly concave at anterior border. Labrum broader than long and broadly rounded in front. Antennal scape about as long as the following three joints together; funiculus slightly thickened apically, all joints longer than broad, the first and second subequal and longer and considerably more slender than the third and fourth; joints five to nine each slightly longer than the one preceding; ter- minal joint shorter than the two preceding joints together. Pro- notum much narrower than head, broadest at anterior fourth where it is twice as wide as at base, sides in front strongly convex, behind feebly concave. Elytra together longer than broad and one-third broader than pronotum, convex at sides, truncate behind, the de- clivous posterior portion less than one-third as long as the basal part. First segment of petiole longer than broad, about half as long and distinctly broader than the second, second joint at base much No. 2387. THREE NEW MYRMECOPHILOUS BEETLES—MANN. 549 smaller than the first, in profile half as thick in front as the first, gradually thickened posteriorly, from above but little broader behind than in front, and with nearly straight sides. << wk aN / \ ’ nn) Hiiyyy ALi 3 OO WET N77 , 1. HABITUS DRAWING, FROM SIDE, THE PETIOLE HELD ASIN THE Figs, 1-4.—CREMATOXENUS AENIGMA. 4, DORSAL VIEW, WITH THE ABDOMEN SPECIMEN. 2. HEAD, FROM ABOVE. 3. HEAD, FROM BENEATH. STRAIGHTENED. DRAWN BY A. G. BOVING. 550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. Type locality.—San Miguel, Hidalgo, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 23936, U.S.N.M. Host.—Eeciton (Acamatus) melanocephalum, subspecies zipe Wheeler. The ants, which formed the type series of the subspecies, were taken in the act of raiding a nest of Pheidole vasleti, var. acolhua Wheeler, and I pieked up the beetle without noticing that it was dif- ferent from the ants. Unfortunately I took but one specimen of this anomalous species, and, not wanting to risk dissecting out the mouth parts, have ven- tured to describe it only as seen under the binocular. The mandibles are tightly closed and their structure can not definitely be made out. The segments on the posterior portion of abdomen are very indistinct. The first seems to be as long as the remaining ones together. The actual systematic position of the species is doubtful. Because of the structure of the mouth parts and the tarsal formula I have placed it near the tribe Myrmedoniini in the Aleocharinae. In general habitus, the structure of the antennae, the constricted thorax, the curious modification of the metanotum with its basal and declivous portions, the petiolate abdomen, and in pilosity and color Crematoxzenus is quite the most ant-like beetle that I know of. After I had failed to distinguish it, both in the field and when mounting up the type series of ants, two preparators at different times mounted ants from the vial and the beetle was noticed only when there remained but three ants, when the twisted appearance of the specimen attracted attention. Since mounting the specimen I have exhibited it to several entomologists as a new ant or as a new Proctotrypid without being contradicted. The abdomen in the specimen is slightly elevated and probably is carried that way in life. Tribe MYRMEDONIONI. ECITOPHYA CONSECTA, new species. Length, 5 mm. Form elongate, slender; color brown, opaque, densely and finely punctate throughout and with moderately long, suberect hairs on head, body, and appendages. Head three times as long as broad, broadest behind eyes and narrowed toward occipital border; strongly and broadly impressed from immediately back of eyes to half the distance to occipital border. Antennae about half as long as the body, somewhat thickened apically; the first joint about five times as long as the second and about two-thirds as long as the third, fourth joint one-fourth as long as the third, remaining joints each slightly longer than the one preceding; apical and penul- timate joints subequal. Prothorax twice as long as broad, the dorsum with a strong entire median groove and large depressions laterally. Elytra together about one and one-third times as long as broad, No. 2387. THREE NEW MYRMECOPHILOUS BEETLES—MANN. 551 sides parallel, except in front of humeri and at apical corners where they are oblique; surface impressed near front border; each elytron with a thick, low and broadly rounded carina which extends obliquely from the humerus to near the middle of posterior border. Abdomen Fia. 5.—ECITOPHYA CONSECTA, NEW SPECIES. DRAWN BY E. HART. about three times as long as broad, broadest at middle; first five segments rather strongly margined. Legs very long and slender. Type locality——Abuna, Rio Madeira, Brazil. Host.—Eciton vagana F. Smith. Type.—Cat. No. 23080, U.S.N.M. Described from a unique specimen found with the host ant. The column of ants had spread out to attack me and the beetle taken to flight and was hovering over the ants. This species resembles Ecitophya simulans Wasmann and both belong to Wasmann’s ‘‘Mimikry typus.’’ Rev. Eric Wasmann has kindly compared consecta with the type of simulans. The latter species differs in its more robust form, thicker head, in the antennae being much shorter and stouter and with the last two antennal joints shorter. The type specimen is imperfect,’ lacking the left posterior leg and part of the right one. Family PSELAPHIDAE. Subfamily CLAVIGERINAE. FUSTIGER CLAVIPILIS, new species. Female.—Length, 1.4mm. Color uniformly brownish red. Head twice as long as broad, a little broader in front than behind; sides behind eyes subparallel; coarsely punctate and with fine and short striolae. Antennae coarsely punctate, more sparsely apically, as long as head; terminal joint clavate, plane and circular at tip. Eyes composed of about 15 facets, situated at middle of sides of head. Prothorax nearly as long as head, a little narrower in front . 552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59, than behind, sides moderately convex; surface moderately convex in front, flat behind; sculpture coarse, similar to head. Mesosternum Fig. 6.—PUSTIGER CLAVIPILIS, NEW SPECIES. DRAWNBYA. MOTTER. a nest of the host ant. coarsely and irregularly longitudinally striate. Elytra more than twice as broad as protho- rax, broadest behind middle; posterior cor- ners narrowly rounded, border concave; finely punctate, basally with numerous short striae and two long ones extending subparallel to the sutural striae; humeri with oblique mar- gins, which extend backward as very short striae. Abdomen regularly and distinctly, though finely punctate, a little longer than elytra, strongly convex posterior to the pit, which is broad and deep and grooved at bot- tom; lateral tubercular structures small, elon- gate, fascicles thin. Propygidum four times as broad as long. Legs short and rather stout. Hairs abundant, curved, rather short and stiff. A few clavate hairs mingled with the others on the neck and abdomen. Type locality.—Lombardia, Honduras. Host.— Wasmannia auropunctata Roger. Type.—Cat. No. 23937, U.S.N.M. Described from a single specimen taken in On the posterior border of the elytra the hairs are longer and on either side several are grouped into thin fascicles. TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM VENEZUELA. By Epwarp W. Berry, Of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. The collection which forms the basis for the present contribution was made by C. F. Bowen during 1919, and was presented by him to the United States National Museum (accession No. 63946). The bulk of.the material was collected from a light-colored clay inter- bedded with sandstone and exposed on a small hill in the northeast- ern outskirts of the town of Betijoque, District of Betijoque, State of Trujillo, Venezuela. The second lot of material was collected from a yellowish sandy micaceous clay exposed along the trail 24 miles northwest of La Salvadora and between 25 and 30 miles south of Betijoque on the same side of Lake Maracaibo. The third lot com- prises the single specimen of Entada, already described.!' The last was collected from the base of a great thickness of dark shales under- lying the plant-bearing series and overlying a sandstone which has an estimated thickness of from 700 to 1,000 feet, and is in turn under- lain by black shales and limestones of Cretaceous (?) age, at Mesa Pablo, about 5 miles southwest of Escuque, on the south side of the Rio Caus. The beds containing these fossil plants are part of a thick series of sandstones, conglomerates, and some interbedded shales which Mr. Bowen informs me are similar in lithologic characters to the Lance and Fort Union beds of the western United States, except that they are somewhat coarser. This series is reported to be of enormous thickness (10,000 to 12,000 feet), and is exposed in a narrow belt bordering the Cordillera de Merida around the entire basin of Lake Maracaibo. The beds are highly tilted in places, and were evidently deposited before the last great orogenic disturbance of the region. About 2,000 feet below the plant horizon Mr. Bowen observed a thick bed of lignite, which is perhaps of interest in comparison with the Tertiary section on the Island of Trinidad. I understand that the lower third of the series in Venezuela is reported to contain numerous lignite 1 Berry, E. W., Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 50, pp. 310-313, fig. 1, 1920. PROCEEDINGS U. S. MATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 598—No. 2388. 503 554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ~~ vot.59. beds in this general region. I was interested in the possible presence of tuffs in the series as an item for comparison with the fossil plant locality in the Cordillera de Bogota of Colombia, but none were observed. Naturally during a reconnaissance in a region of this sort many beds of lignite or tuffs might be entirely overlooked even if they were exposed. The plant-bearing series is underlain by several thousand feet of black shale, from which a few marine fossils were collected, and which is hence presumably of marine origin. From the facies of the plant fossils I am inclined to think that the plant-bearing series represents a complex of littoral, estuarine, and continental deposits, some of the latter of palustrine origin and others detrital. In his account of the Cordillera de Merida, Sievers? described a series of interbedded shales and sandstones with lignite and petroleum at least 800 meters thick, overlying the Cretaceous limestones that have been referred to the Albian stage. These he called the Cerro de Oro beds. He had no paleontological data regarding their age. The Cerro de Oro beds, probably a complex, have been compared with the Trinidad beds named the Caroni series by Wall and Sawkins. The exact age of the Caroni series * has never been satisfactorily settled, but probably will be when the collections from the Island of Trinidad, which are accumulating in the United States National Museum, are studied. W. P. Woodring, who monographed the Bow- den molluscan fauna (Burdigalian), informs me that a cursory exami- nation of the Trinidad Mollusca suggests a Miocene age for the Caroni fauna. To the westward the Cerro de Oro series of Sievers is apparently represented in the Cordillera de Bogota, Colombia by the Guaduas formation of Hettner‘ consisting of bright-colored clays, ferruginous sandstones, and conglomerates. Underlying the Guaduas are Cre- taceous coal-bearing beds referred to the Guadalupe formation. Karsten considers the former Tertiary and separated by an uncon- formity from the Cretaceous, but Hettner is inclined to consider both formations Cretaceous. Subsequent scattered references to this general region show the presence of marine beds of probably middle Miocene (Helvetian) age at several localities in Colombia, and others at Cumana, Vene- zuela, which Douvillé correlates with the Burdigalian stage of Kurope. The recent studies of Vaughan and his associates in Cen- tral America and the Antilles demonstrate that the upper Miocene was a period of uplift around the perimeters of the Caribbean and that there was profound deformation during Pliocene times. 2 Sievers, W., Die Cordillere von Merida, Geog. Abb., vol. 3, no. 1, 1889. 8’ Guppy, R.J. L., Agr. Soc. Trinidad and Tobago, Proc., vol. 12, pt. 10, pp. 330-334, Oct., 1912. 4 Hettner, A., Die Kordillere von Bogota, Petermanns Mitt. Ergiinz., vol. 22, no. 104, 1892. No. 2388. TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM VENEZUELA—BERRY. 555 The only fossil plant that I find recorded from Venezuela is a Weichselia described by Schlagintweit® from Santa Maria and of Lower Cretaceous age, although Karsten* mentions ferns, reeds and dicotyledonous leaves from Santa Maria and Nariqual in association with the coal. No specimens appear to be in the Berlin or Rostock collections to verify this statement except the aforementioned fern, which is a Lower Cretaceous form, widely distributed throughout the Peruvian Andes and Coastal region, and also known from the Kuropean Wealden. The present report enumerates but 16 species, all but two of which are new to science. The following nine forms are from Betijoque: Blechnum betijoquensis Berry. Sabalites, species. Heliconia elegans (Engelhardt) Berry. Coussapoa villosoides Berry. _ Ficus betijoquensis Berry. Anona guppyi. Berry. Trigonia varians Engelhardt. Simaruba miocenica Berry. Rhizophora boweni Berry. The locality near La Salvadora furnished the following seven species: Leguminosites venezuelensis Berry. Leguminosites entadaformis Berry. Sophora salvadorana Berry. Antholithus venezuelensis Berry. Apocynophyllum salvadorensis Berry. Burserites venezuelana Berry. Trigonia varians Engelhardt. The locality at Mesa Pablo yielded the single species, Hntada boweni Berry, which is stratigraphically below the two preceding main plant horizons. As will be observed there is only a single form common to the two principal localities—namely, Trigonia varians Engelhardt, but this, it seems to be, is sufficient to indicate the practical synchroneity of these two localities, which is also borne out by Mr. Bowen’s field observations. Hence it will be expedient to consider the flora as a whole in discussing the ecology and age which it indicates. The 16 identified species represent 15 genera, 13 families, and 10 orders. They comprise a fern, 2 monocotyledons, and 13 dicotyle- dons. They include the abundant remains of a species of Blechnum, a genus of ferns with a large number of existing tropical species, well represented in northern South America. The monocotyledons 5 Schlagintweit, O., Centralblatt Min, Geol. u Paliiont., Nos. 19 and 20, pp. 315-319, 1919. ¢ Karsten, H., Zeits. Deutsch. Geol. Gesell., vol. 2, p. 354, 1850. 556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. comprise a fragment of a generically undeterminable fan palm and a fragment of a large leaf of the American wild banana, Heliconia, which forms thickets in the rain forests of the present day in central and northern South America. Among the Dicotyledons there are two species of Moraceae—a fig belonging to the immense cosmopolitan genus Ficus, and a species of Coussapoa representing an exclusively American tropical type of Central and South America. No other dicotyledonous family except the Leguminosae is represented by more than a single species. The © order Ranales is represented by a species of Anona, a genus which, except for two or three forms of tropical Africa and Asia, is exclusively American with three score or more existing species. The representation of the order Rosales is most interesting. It may be noted that none of the forms recorded came from the Beti- joque locality, which has an assemblage that suggests a partially inundated tidal estuary border. The forms referred to the Rosales all belong to the leguminous alliance and include the striking speci- men of a sea bean, two species referred to Leguminosites, one of which suggests the leaflets of Entada, and a species of Sophora—a tropical and often coastal type in modern floras. The order Geraniales contains representatives of the three families Simarubaceae, Burseraceae, and Trigoniaceae of the genera Simaruba, Burserites, and Trigonia, respectively. The first is to-day confined to the American Tropics; Burserites is a form genus named from its resemblance to the existing genus Bursera which is confined to the American Tropics. The third is likewise exclusively American and tropical m the existing flora. The Myrtales is represented by the form from Betijoque, which I consider as a species of mangrove of that familiar tropical plant association of tidal estuary mud flats. The Ebenales are doubt- fully represented by the floral remains referred to Antholithus and tentatively considered as belonging to the family Symplocaceae. The order Gentianales is represented by a species referred to the form genus Apocynophyllum. All of the foregoing are types which in existing floras are tropical in their distribution; all belong to types which are exclusively — American or largely represented in America, and several genera have their modern representatives confined to the South American Tropics. The flora is not only tropical but lowland in character. This is indicated by the predominantly coastal types present, such as’ Sophora, Rhizophora, Simaruba, Burserites, Entada, etc., and is not negatived by any of the described species, since none would be out of place in such an association. Moreover it may be noted that all of the dicotyledons are coriaceous or subcoriaceous types with — No. 2388. THRTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM VENEZUELA—BERRY. 557 entire margins—features that distinguish existing lowland tropical forests. It may therefore be concluded that this flora indicates a rain forest climate, and that at the time it lived the ancient margin of the Caribbean in this region belonged to the ‘‘tierra caliente,” as so much of it still does. The question of the geologic age of the flora is not nearly so simple a problem nor one that can be as satisfactorily answered. All but two of the species are new and hence without any known distribution in other regions. None are represented in the Tertiary floras that I have described from Costa Rica, Panama, or Dominica. I had hoped to have collections from the Caroni series of Trinidad for comparison, but these have not yet been received. None are present in the undescribed Pliocene flora that I collected in Bolivia. The two species previously known—Heliconia elegans and Trigonia varians—were both described by Engelhardt from near Santa Ana, in the Cordillera de Bogota, from a tuff occurring in the mountains along the Rio Magdalena at 970 meters (State of Honda). Un- fortunately the age of the Santa Ana flora is unknown. Its describer, Engelhardt, did not venture to suggest its age more precisely than Tertiary. It comprises 35 species, and its chief contrast to the Venezuelan flora is the presence of 10 different species of Lauraceae—a family that, strangely enough, is not represented in the Venezuelan collec- tions. I have previously suggested’ that the Santa Ana flora was lower Miocene and the same age as the flora from near Tumbez in the Peruvian coastal region, that from the so-called Navidad beds of Chile, and that from the Loja basin in southern Ecuador. My reasons for this suggestion were the presence of the Santa Ana species Persea macrophylloides and Moschoxrylon tenuinerve in the Chilean lower Miocene; the presence of Phyjllites strychnoides at Loja, in Ecuador; and the presence of Condaminea grandifolia near Tumbez, Peru, thus making 4 of its 35 species present in beds of known lower Miocene age. In addition, I tentatively identified ® fragments of six additional species from Peru as questionably identical with Santa Ana forms.? These latter, however, I do not regard as of much weight in precise correlation, since all were fragmentary and all of the identifications were queried. Pointing toward a younger age are the facts that two of the Santa Ana species—Nectandra areolata and Buettneria cinnamomifolia—are undoubtedly present in Costa Rica in beds that are about the same age or younger than the Gatun formation of the Canal Zone, the 1 Berry, E. W., Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 29, pp. 637-648, 1919. 8 Idem. ® Berry, E. W., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, pp. 279-294, pl. 14-17, 1919. 558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. datum plane in the case of the Costa Rican beds being an uncon- formably underlying marine shale with invertebrates. Furthermore, the Santa Ana plants are contained in a tuff, and all of the tuffs known to me from the Caribbean to Patagonia are late Tertiary to Recent, and correspond to the great period of vulcanism that started in the Jate Tertiary. This is slender evidence, to be sure, but a considerable body of facts is accumulating to prove the recency of the last and greatest period of orogenesis in the Andes. I think that the Venezuelan fossil plants are of approximately the same age as those in the tuffs near Santa Ana, Colombia. Both are undoubtedly Miocene. Those from Venezuela are said to antedate the last great orogenesis of the Cordillera de Merida, which is really nothing but a northeasterly continuation of the Andean Cordillera de Bogota. Moreover, the latest considerable transgression of the Caribbean Sea, represented by the deposits that presumably underlie the whole Maracaibo basin, but are now largely masked by Pleistocene and Recent deposits, except where they are uplifted along the flanks of the mountains, occurred, according to the present conceptions as elaborated by Vaughan *° during the lower and middle Miocene, or, in terms of European geology, during Burdigalian and Helvetian times. Summarizing these statements, the Venezuelan plant-bearing beds represent a series that may be compared with the Gatun formation of the Canal Zone, which has been satisfactorily shown to be of Burdigalian and Helvetian age, although Toula™ considered the contained and mixed (in the collecting) fauna as Pliocene. The underlying marine shales are probably Burdigalian or Helvetian, and the fossil plants could therefore be Burdigalian, Helvetian, or younger. From the fact that they antedate the latest extensive orogenesis of the region, which I regard as Pliocene, since conclusive evidence of Pliocene orogenesis is available in the Antilles and elsewhere in this general region, and because the upper Miocene has been demonstrated to have been a time of general uplift, 1 am inclined to regard the fossil plants as representing the middle Mio- cene, although they may be upper Miocene. They seem to me to be distinctly pre-Pliocene, although it must be admitted that the present collection is far too small to warrant an uncompromising conclusion. It is also realized that our knowledge of this vast region is very limited, so that the present suggestion of age is made with all due reservation. By implication, the same age would be indicated for the plant-bearing tuffs near Santa Ana, Colombia. 10 Vaughan, T. W., Bull. 103, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1919. 1 Toula, F., Jahrb. k. k. Geol. Reichanstalt, vol. 58, pp. 673-760, 1908; vol. 61, pp. 487-530, 1911. No. 2388. TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM VENEZUBLA—BERRY. 559 Phylum PTERIDOPHYTA. Class LEPTOSPORANGIATAE. Order POLYPODIALES. Family POLYPODIACEAE. Genus BLECHNUM Linnaeus. BLECHNUM BETIZIOQUENSIS, new species. Plate 107, fig. 1. Fronds of medium size, pinnate. Pinnae ovate-lanceolate, with an acuminate apex and a rounded base. Midvein stout, prominent. Lateral veins numerous, closely spaced, parallel, simple or once forked, craspedodrome, diverging from the midvein at wide angles and curving gently upward. Margins, except in the basal region, with small crenate-serrate teeth. No traces of sori or fertile pinnae. This species, which is clearly new, is represented by a considerable amount of broken material, which is sufficient, however, to show the pinnate character of the frond and all of the details of the sterile pinnae. In the absence of fruiting characters its generic reference is beset with difficulties, since it resembles a number of existing tropical American forms which have been variously assigned to the genera Blechnum, Lomariopsis, Stenochlaena, etc., by students of living ferns. The genus Gymnogramme has a Neuropteroid instead of a Taeniop- teroid venation, which eliminates it from consideration. On the whole it has seemed best to refer the present species to the genus Blechnum, although the generic limits of this and other tropical fern genera are variously interpreted by different authorities and are evidently not clearly understood. The genus has a large number of mostly tropical species, and is well represented at the present time in northern South America. The present species may be compared with Blechnum serrulatum Richards, Blechnum brasiliense Desveaux, and other members of the genus to be found in the rain forest country from Central America to Brazil and Bolivia, all of which show a general similarity to the fossil species. Collected from light colored clay interbedded with sandstone, exposed on a small hill on the northeastern outskirts of the town of Betijoque. Holotype.—Cat. No. 36423, U.S.N.M. 560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59, Phylum ANGIOSPERMOPHYTA. Class MONOCOTY LEDONAE. Order SCITAMINALES. Family MUSACEAE. Genus HELICONIA Linnaeus. HELICONIA ELEGANS (Engelhardt.) Musophyllum elegans ENGELHARDT, Abh. Senck. Naturf. Gesell., vol. 19, p. 25, pl. 2, figs. 1-3; pl. 5, fig. 1, 1895. Oblong leaves, evidently of large size, but only preserved as frag- ments. These indicate a leaf up to 20 cm. in maximum width and with an estimated length of at least 70 cm. Margins entire except where the lamina was mechanically split. Midrib stout, prominent, and cylindrical, about .5 cm. in diameter in the preserved material. Leaf substance of considerable consistency. Lateral veins closely spaced, parallel, diverging from the midrib at wide angles that vary from 70 to 90 degrees in different specimens. ‘The laterals are rela- tively straight but curve slightly upward, particularly in the marginal region. At regular intervals of about one centimeter there is a slightly stouter lateral. All terminate in the margins. This species was described by Engelhardt from a tuff near Santa Ana in the valley of the Rio Magdalena in Colombia. The single fragment, shown in the accompanying figure, and 10.5 cm. in length by 12 cm. in width, was collected in Venezuela. It is obviously identical with the Colombian material. Both are here transferred to the genus Heliconia. Two additional fossil species are known from tropical America, namely, a fragment from the Tertiary of Costa Rica and a well marked species from the Pliocene of the montafia country of eastern Bolivia. The latter was a much smaller form than the present species and lacked any differential development of the lateral veins. The genus Heliconia has between 30 and 40 existing species. These are confined to the American tropics, where they range from the Antilles to Brazil and Bolivia. They are exceedingly common in Central America and the lower montafia region of Peru and Bolivia, where I have observed species at elevations up to around 6,000 feet, associated with many representatives of the tropical lowland flora. The genus Musophyllum was established by Goeppert ” in 1854 for fossil banana leaves from the island of Java. Subsequently about a dozen different species have been referred to this genus. The bulk 12 Goeppert, H. R., Tertiarflora Insel Java, p. 39, 1854. No. 2388. THRTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM VENEZUELA—BERRY. 561 of these are European and range in age from Oligocene through the Mediterranean Miocene. They appear to have reached southern Europe during the Oligocene, coming from eastern and central Africa, since several are remarkably close to the existing Musa ensete of Abyssinia, and consequently appear to have been ancestral to the Old World genus Musa. The North American records include a form, Musophyllum com- plicatum Lesquereux, which has a considerable distribution in the Fig. 1.—HELICONIA ELEGANS (ENGLEHARDT) BERRY. BETIJOQUE,. earlier Eocene of the present Rocky Mountain region, and a second from the basal Eocene of Wyoming. The genus has not yet been discovered in the Tertiary floras of the Atlantic or Gulf Costal Plain. Aside from the actual resemblance between these fossil American forms and the existing: Heliconias, it seems to me that general con- siderations point to the conclusion that the genus Musa was never present in the Western Hemisphere, despite the fact that it flourishes 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59— 86 562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59, so greatly under cultivation in the American Tropics at the present time. The fossil described above is from a clay shale interbedded with sandstone, exposed on a small hill on thé northeastern outskirts of the town of Betijoque. Plesiotype.—Cat. No. 36424, U.S.N.M. Order ARECALES. Family ARECACEAE. Genus SABALITES. SABALITES, species. Plate 109, fig. 3. Fragments of the basal part of a leaf of some species of fan palm, showing neither the size of the leaf or the character of the petiole or rays. The present material is worthless beyond the fact that it indicates the presence of fan palms in this fossil flora. The leaf appears to have been small, but there are no features that serve to suggest its botanical affinity, and it is referred to the form-genus Sabalites as a matter of convenience and without the slightest implica- tion that it may be related to the existing species of Sabal. In this connection attention should be called to similar material described as Palmacites, species, by Engelhardt and coming from the Cauca valley in Colombia. This is identical in appearance with the Venezuelan material, but this similarity is without significance in the case of such fragmentary material as has been collected from both of these regions. Although a number of palm leaves from Tertiary horizons have been referred to the form-genus Palmacites, this usage is objectionable, despite the appropriateness of the name for fragments whose exact relations are undeterminable, since Brongniart** proposed Palmacites for palm trunks, the type of the genus being his Endogenites echinatus from the middle Eocene of the Paris Basin. The present material comes from the clay outcrop at Betijoque. The modern genus Mauritia, with about 10 American species of fan palms, often congregate in modern Venezuelan swamps, and it is possible that the fossil fragment may represent a Tertiary member of this genus. Type.—Cat. No. 36425, U.S.N.M. 13 Engelhardt, H., Abh. Senck. Natur. Gesell., vol. 19, p. 40, pl. 4, fig. 8, 1895. 4 Bfongniart, A., Prodrome, p. 120, 1828. No. 2388. THRTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM VENEZUELA—BERRY. 563 Class DICOTYLEDONAE. Order URTICALES. Family MORACEAE. Genus COUSSAPOA Aublet. COUSSAPOA VILLOSOIDES, new species. Plate 108, figs. 1-4. Leaves of large size, but not large for this genus, broadly ovate in general outline, widest at or below the middle, narrowing distad to the bluntly pointed tip. Base wide and full, slightly cordate. Margins entire, but slightly undulate. Texture coriaceous, the upper surface polished, the lower surface villous. Length about 15 cm, Maximum width about 12.5 cm. Petiole very stout, thin, and flush on the upper surface of the leaf, but very prominent on the lower surface. Secondaries 8 to 10 opposite to alternate pairs, which, except for the basal and opposite pair, diverge from the midrib at regular intervals, at angles of about 45°, and pursue nearly straight subparallel courses, curving somewhat toward their tips and abruptly comptodrome close to the margins. The basal pair, which may be considered as representing the first stage in the development of lateral primaries, although they are no stouter than the strictly pin- nate secondaries above them, diverge from the midrib at the top of the petiole and immediately below the normal second pair of secondaries; their angle of divergence from the midrib approaches 90° and they curve rather regularly upward subparallel with the lower lateral margins, each giving off on the outside about four camptodrome tertiaries or pseudo-secondaries, all but the lowest pair of which follow the basal margins of the leaf, pursuing rather straight courses. The tertiaries are relatively stout, well marked on the lower surface of the leaf but faint on the upper surface; they are very closely spaced, are for the most part simple, but slightly curved, and percurrent at right angles to the secondaries. The nervilles are prevailingly at right angles to the tertiaries, and where the latter fork, as they frequently do, the cross nerville joins one limb with the other, so that the tertiaries appear more nearly parallel and more generally simple than they really are. The present species is exceedingly well marked, and so similar to certain existing species of Coussapoa as to amount almost to identity. Although I have not seen all of the existing species of Coussapoa, since several are not represented in American Herbaria, the fossil is exceedingly like Coussapoa ruizii Klotsch and Coussapoa villosa Poeppig and Endlicher, of which I have had numerous specimens 564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59, from Central America. The latter is, I think, the form figured by Ettingshausen in his Blattskelet. Dikotyledonen as Artocarpus, species, to which I refer in a subsequent paragraph. The modern leaves vary considerably in size, as would probably prove true in the SS= A : y el hey } y \ yy) i) 5 iy) i “ Ll) > UT) 7) o y ] oe é Lif} J f NG YU Ui HL, MH A aT ne ~ Fig. 2,-RESTORATION OF COUSSAPOA VILLOSIODES, NEW SPECIES, NATURAL SIZE. case of the fossil were more material available for study; this is ] certainly true of an undescribed fossil species which I collected from _ the Pliocene of Bolivia. ‘The only observable differences between the Tertiary Coussapoa — villosoides and the existing Coussapoa villosa are that occasionally a distal tertiary in the latter becomes somewhat stouter and diverges at No. 2388. TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM VENEZUELA—BERRY. 565 a slightly different angle; and in the fossil between the lowest branch from the basal secondary that follows the basal leaf margin and the next normal branch above, there are three or four straight cross veins cutting diagonally across the normally oriented percurrent tertiaries. This striking new species, which comes from Betijoque, is re- presented solely by fragments, which fortunately, however, include the central basal portion and several other parts of the lamina. The leaf was recognized as a member of the Moraceae by its venation, but no attempt was made to identify it until after the restoration shown in text figure 2 had been reconstructed. I mention this in order to show that its almost exact agreement with the leaves of modern species of Coussapoa did not have even a subjective influence in the restoration, which was based entirely upon the material studied. Subsequently the very great similarity of the fossil to a recent leaf from the American tropics figured by Ettingshausen as an unnamed species of Artocarpus was noted.* This led to an examination of the Artocarpus material in the United States National Herbarium. Some of the Old World species of Artocarpus, as, for example, Artocarpus ovatifolia of the Philippines or Artocarpus chaplasha of the Indian region have somewhat similar entire leaves, but the resemblance is not especially close. Material of all of the existing genera of the Artocarpoideae was next examined, and although certain general similarities were naturally to be noted, especially in the case of Inophloewm (Olmedia) armatum (Miquel) Pittier, it was seen that the fossil did not belong to this subfamily. Subsequently the search was continued to the remaining genera of the Moraceae, and this resulted in the conclusive determination of the fossil as a species of Coussapoa. The genus has not heretofore been certainly found fossil. In the existing flora it includes about 15 species of shrubs and trees with the characteristic areolation shown in text figure 2, but varying in the degree of divergence of the secondaries, and, in some forms, this results in a basal primary on either side of the midrib instead of a strictly pinnate arrangement oi the secondaries. A species of the tripalmate venation type, as yet undescribed, is exceedingly abundant in the Pliocene of eastern Bolivia. Engel- hardt® in 1891 referred a form from the lower Miocene of Coronel, Chile, to the genus Coussapoa, but his material was very inconclu- sive, and scarcely warrants the conclusion that this genus was a mem- ber of the south Chilean Miocene flora, at least not unless more 1s Httingshausen, C., Blattskelet. Dikot., p. 33, pl. 6, fig. 6, 1861. 16 Engelhardt, H., Abh. Senck. Naturf. Gesell., vol. 16, p. 649. pl, 3, fig. 2, 1891. 566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. convincing material from that region is subsequently discovered, which would not be at all surprising. All of the existing species, which are not especially well repre- sented in the larger American Herbaria, are confined to the tropics of Central and South America. The presence of this type with such unusually clearly marked characteristics in the Tertiary flora of Venezuela is of the greatest interest. Cotypes.—Cat. Nos. 36426, 36432, 36433, 36444, U.S.N.M. Genus FICUS Linnaeus. FICUS BETIJOQUENSIS, new species. Plate 108, fig. 5. Leaves broadly ovate, presumably nonlobate and entire in outline, of medium size, palmately veined. Apex pointed. . Base truncate, slightly decurrent. Length about 12 cm. (estimated). Maximum width, at or below the middle, about 10 cm. Texture subcoriaceous. Petiole stout, its total length unknown. Midrib stout, prominent, stouter than the lateral primaries. Lateral primaries one on each side, stout, relatively straight, diverging from the base of the midrib at angles of about 45 degrees, giving off about six camptodrome secondaries on the outside. A wide interval separates the primaries from the lowest secondaries that diverge from the midrib. The secondaries are less stout than the primaries, diverging at more open angles, and camptodrome. ‘Tertiaries well marked, percurrent or alternating in the median region, connected by well marked nervilles at nearly right angles to the tertiaries. Venation typical of the short and wide forms of Ficus. The present species is represented in the clays at Betijoque by the single specimen figured, which is unfortunately incomplete. Since it shows sufficient characters to enable it to be recognized if future collections are made, it has seemed best to figure it and describe it as completely as is possible from the nature of the material. It belongs to a genus which shows considerable diversity of fea- tures among its very many species. They are present in all tropical countries at the present time and some extend for considerable dis- tances into the Temperate zones. A large number of fossil species have been described from the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks of different parts of the world. Little is to be gained, however, from detailed comparisons with fossil species from other regions, or with the more or less unknown existing species of the Venezuelan region. Holotype.—Cat. No. 36427, U.S.N.M. No. 2388. TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM VENEZUELA—BERRY. 567 Order RANALES. Family ANONACEAE. Genus ANONA Linnaeus. ANONA GUPPYI, new species. Leaves of variable but mediumly large size, ovate in general out- line, widest at or below the middle, narrowing slowly upward to the obtuse tip, and more rapidly downward to the broadly cuneate base. Length averaging between 12 cm. and 13 cm. Maximum width ranging from 5.3 cm. to 6.2 cm., averaging about 6 cm. A single specimen is somewhat inequilateral. Margins entire, very faintly undulate in some specimens. Texture subcoriaceous. Petiole miss- ing. Midrib stout, prominent on the lower surface of the leaf. Secondaries remote, 10 to 12 pairs, diverging from the midrib at wide angles of 60 to 70°, generally but slightly curved upward until they approach the marginal region where they are camptodrome. These leaves have all been mined by the aquatic larvae of insects, so that the tertiary venation is much obscured. Bi SS ee 7 PES 07. VOL./'59 PROCEEDINGS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Wf Yi) /, Yj TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM VENEZUELA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579. 108 PL. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 NATIONAL MUSEUM Ss. U. TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM VENEZUELA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 109 TERTIARY FOSSIL PLANTS FROM VENEZUELA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 6579. THE FAUNA OF THE ARUNDEL FORMATION OF MARYLAND. By Cuartes W. GILMoreE. Associate Curator, Division of Paleontology, United States National Museum. INTRODUCTION. The vertebrate fauna of the Arundel formation of Maryland has long been a subject of interest to all workers in American Mesozoic formations. The correlation of this fauna with the Morrison (Atlan- tosaurus, Como) beds fauna of the Rocky Mountain region by Prof. O. C. Marsh, and the later! and more positive confirmation of that conclusion by Dr. R. S. Lull, has been quite generally accepted as the correct interpretation. The present communication gives the results of a more recent study of all known specimens from the Arun- del formation, and the conclusions reached are quite at variance to those of my predecessors. The evidence appears to show—first, that the vertebrate fauna as a whole is not to be closely correlated with that of the Morrison formation of the West; second, that it contains forms having undoubted Upper Cretaceous affinities; third, that it consists of a combination of dinosaurian forms hitherto unknown in any fauna of this continent—that is, the intermingling of Sauropo- dous dinosaurs with those having Upper Cretaceous affinities. While the discussion of several phases of this question are neces- sarily inconclusive, due to the paucity of the materials, yet the main contentions, I believe, can be fully maintained. SOURCE OF MATERIALS. Practically all of the vertebrate materials known from the Arundel formation of Maryland are now assembled in the United States National Museum. These comprise all of the specimens collected by the late J. B. Hatcher, in 1887 and 1888 for the United States Geolog- ical Survey; the Goucher College collection brought together by Prof. Arthur Bibbins during the years 1894, 1895, and 1896; and a few single specimens that have been acquired by the United States National Museum from various sources. 1 Maryland Geol. Survey, Lower Cretaceous, 1911, pp. 173-178. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 59—No. 2389. 581 582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. The Government materials which form the bulk of the collection, as said by Hatcher,? were “found in a bed of iron ore near Bladens- burg [Muirkirk], Maryland. The exact locality of the Marsh material was certain iron ore mines on the farm of Mr. William Coffin, and especially in that one locally known as “‘Swampoodle”’ and situated about 14 miles northeast of Beltsville, on the Baltimore & Ohio Railway, some 13 miles from Washington.” As to the occurrence of these fossils Hatcher says: No two bones or fragments of all that material collected from the Potomac beds in Maryland were found in such relation to one another as to demonstrate that they belonged to the same individual. In any discussion as to the affinities of these various genera and species of small Sauropod dinosaurs, not only the immature nature of the remains upon which they have been based, but also the scattered and disarticulated state in which found, must be constantly borne in mind. The above remarks as to the scattered state of the specimens apply equally well to those other remains in the collection, subsequently brought together by Professor Bibbins and others. THE ARUNDEL FAUNA. Our knowledge of the Arundel fauna had its beginning as early as 1859, when Dr. Christopher Johnston gave the generic name Astrodon® without description to certain reptilian teeth obtained by a Mr. Tyson from a bed of iron ore near Bladensburg, Maryland. In 1865 these teeth were fully described and figured as Astrodon johnstont by Dr. Joseph Leidy,* they being the first remains of a Sauropod dinosaur to be named and described from North America. Twenty-three years later Prof. O. C. Marsh made the next contri- bution ® to our knowledge of this fauna, when he established two genera and five new species all pertaining to the dinosauria. These were Pleurocoelus nanus, P. altus, Priconodon:crassus, Allosaurus medius, and Coelurus gracilis. The presence of turtle and crocodilian remains was mentioned, but it was 10 years later that Dr. O. P. Hay, described a turtle under the name of Glyptops caelatus.® The next important paper dealing with this fauna was that by Prof. R.S. Lull’ in which he revised and described all of the materials available at that time. Two species of dinosaurs Creosaurus potens, Dryosaurus grandis and a crocodilian reptile Goniopholis affinis were described as new, and the presence of a fossil gar fish was mentioned for the first time. 2 Annals of the Carnegie Museum, vol. 2, 1903, pp. 11-13. 3 Amer. Journ. Dental Sci., vol. 9, 1859, p. 341. 4 Smiths, Contr. Knowl., vol. 14, art. 6, 1865, pp. 102-119, pl. 13, figs. 20-23; pl. 20, fig. 10 5 Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 25, 1888, pp. 89-94. 6 Fossil Turtles of North America, Carnegie Institution, Washington, 1908, pp. 52, 53, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2. 7 Rept. Geol. Survey of Maryland, Lower Cretaceous, 1911, pp. 173-211, pls. 11-20. No. 2389. FAUNA OF THE MARYLAND ARUNDEL—GILMORE. 583 The complete fauna as recognized by Lull in 1911, and the re- vised fauna as now determined by Gilmore are shown in the two parallel columns below: Vertebrate Fauna of the Arundel Formation. THEROPODA. Listed by Lull in 1911. Revised by Gilmore in 1921. Allosaurus medius Marsh. Dryptosaurus? medius (Marsh). Creosaurus potens Lull. Dryptosaurus? potens (Lull). Coelurus gracilis Marsh. Coelurus? gracilis Marsh. Ornithomimus affinis Gilmore SAUROPODA. Pleuroceolus nanus Marsh. Astrodon nanus (Marsh). Pleuroceolus altus Marsh. Astrodon altus (Marsh). Astrodon johnstoni Leidy. Atrodon johnstoni Leidy. ORTHOPODA. Priconodon crassus Marsh. Priconodon crassus Marsh. Dryosaurus grandis Lull. CROCODYLIA. Goniopholis affinis Lull. Goniopholis? affinis Lull. TESTUDINATA, Glyptops caelatus Hay. Glyptops caelatus Hay. PIscEs. Ganoid fish. Ganoid fish. Undetermined fish. The reasons for the above changes in the 1921 list are discussed below under their respective headings in the order as given above. DISCUSSION OF THE MEMBERS OF THE ARUNDEL FAUNA. Order DINOSAURIA. DRYPTOSAURUS? MEDIUS (Marsh). Plate 110, fig. 2. This species was originally established by Marsh on a number of cotypes,® all but one, the crown of a single large tooth (Cat. No. 4972, U.S. N. M.), Lull subsequently removed to the genus Dryo- saurus, as the cotypes of the new species D. grandis Lull,® and more recently referred by me?® to the genus Ornithomimus. At this time Dryptosaurus? medius rests on a single tooth shown in plate 110, figure 2. So far as the type material is concerned it will always 8 Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 35, 1888, p. 93. ® Maryland Geol. Survey, Lower Cretaceous, 1911, pp. 183-186. 10 Bull. 110, U. S. National Museum, 1920, pp. 119-121. 584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor, 59. remain a form of doubtful affinities. It is determinable as to sub- order (the Theropoda), but in the present state of our knowledge concerning the carnivorous dinosauria it is not determinable generi- cally, and should therefore be regarded as an indeterminate type. The few scattered bones referred to this species by Lull can be assigned, with equal propriety, to Dryptosaurus? potens Lull, founded on a somewhat more adequate type. I have already, in the paper cited above, attempted to show that two caudal vertebrae, from the distal part of the tail formerly referred to this species, probably pertain to an Ornithomimid dinosaur, and some of the other bones may eventually find a similar fate in other directions. It is quite probable that these scattered elements represent more than one kind of the large carnivorous dinosauria in this formation, but to definitely determine that fact more diagnostic materials must necessarily be found. DRYPTOSAURUS? POTENS (Lull). Plate 111, fig. 2. This species was originally referred by Lull"! to the genus Creosaurus, a genus established by Marsh on materials from the Morrison forma- tion of Wyoming. In a recent paper” giving the results of a detailed study and comparison of the type with other Theropod specimens I arrived at the following conclusions: 1. That the genus Creoscurus should be abandoned to becomea synonym of Antrodemus. : 2. That the type specimen, consisting of a single vertebral centrum (see pl. 111, fig. 2), pertains to the caudal series and not to the presacral region as originally determined. 3. That a comparison of the type specimen with the homologous element in Antrodemus (compare figs. 1 and 2, pl. 111), shows such dissimilarities as to render its assignment to that genus out of the question. 4. That the closest resemblance of the type vertebral centrum appears to be with the caudals of Dryptosaurus aquilunguis Cope (compare fig. 2, pl. 111, with fig. 2, pl. 114), and it was therefore provi- sionally referred to that genus. When viewed in profile the straightness of the ventral border with distinct keel at once distinguishes this bone from all known carni- vorous dinosaurs of the Morrison formation. In Tyrannosaurus and Gorgosaurus from the western Upper Cretaceous the concavity of the lower border of the anterior caudal vertebrae is markedly straighter than in any of the Morrison Theropods, and in Dryptosaurus as figured by Cope (see pl. 114, fig. 2), from the Upper Cretaceous of 11 Lower Cretaceous of Maryland, Maryland Geol. Survey, 1911, pp. 186-187, pl. 14, fig. 4. 12 Bull. 110, U. S. National Museum, 1920, pp. 116-119, pl. 32. ee i, a ee Wis ee ee ee ee ee ee ee No. 2389. FAUNA OF THE MARYLAND ARUNDEL—GILMORE. 585 New Jersey is found the nearest approach to the straight ventral border of the specimen under consideration. Although fully recognizing the inadequate nature of the type material the resemblances pointed out above appear highly significant, and taken in conjunction with their similar geographical Gerace leads me to believe its assignment to Dryptosaurus to be the logical disposition of this species at ‘this time. COELURUS? GRACILIS Marsh. Plate 110, fig. 5. Coelurus gracilis Marsh was also established on a very poor specimen consisting of an ungual phalanx, the tip of which is missing, as shown in plate 110, figure 5. The original description is as follows: The smallest Dinosaur found in these deposits is a very diminutive carnivore, apparently belonging to the genus Coelurus. It was not more than one-half of the size of the western species and its proportions were extremely slender. The bones are very light and hollow, the metapodials being much elongated and their walls extremely thin. An ungual phalanx of the manus measures about 25 mm. in length and 14 mm. in vertical diameter at the base. This animal could not have been more than 5 or 6 feet in length. One would infer from the above description that Marsh had other bones besides the ungual, but I find none in the collection which could by any stretch of the imagination be so referred. Three teeth in the Goucher College collection were referred by Lull to this form, two of them having come from the same locality as the type. ‘These, of course, have been arbitrarily associated. The comparison of these teeth with the tooth of Coelurus fragilis, figured by Marsh * from the Morrison and which Lull has shown differ con- siderably in the almost total reduction of the crenulation of the anterior convex border, and their larger size, offers but little assist- ance in getting at the true affinities of these teeth. Furthermore, as I have shown," the tooth of C. fragilis does not belong to the type materials, it having been received at the Yale Museum some time in advance of the type, so there is no evidence of their association. That the (type) ungual pertains to the fore foot of a small carniy- orous dinosaur there can be no question, but that it is referable to the genus Coelurus remains to be demonstrated. In the present state of our knowledge of the carnivorous dinosauria I doubt the possi- bility of determining the genus to which it belongs, at least with any certainty of the correctness of the identification. A careful comparison of the type specimen has been made with all available carnivore unguals in the collections of the United States 1316th Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Sie CaE. 1, 1896, a fie fig. ie 14 Bull. 110, U. S. National Museum, 1920, p. 128. 586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. National Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, from the Morrison, Lance, and Belly River formations, and those which were found to resemkle it most nearly were from the Belly River formation. No fewer than four unguals in the American Museum of Natural History collections, except for their larger size, were exact counterparts of the bone under consideration (compare figs. 4 and 5, pl. 110). None of these, however, have been identified. One of them is illustrated here together with the type to show their close resemblance. While the observations recorded above may be of little moment, it appears significant: that two bones from widely separated geological horizons should show such startling close resem- blances, especially, since the Arundel fauna contains other members that have unquestioned Upper Cretaceous affinities. ORNITHOMIMUS AFFINIS Gilmore. Plate 112, figs. 1 and 3; plate 113, figs. 1 and 3; plate 114, fig. 1. Ornithomimus affinis was founded * on a number of cotypes, consisting of an astragalus, metatarsals, and other elements of the hind feet. In 1888 '® those same bones were used by Prof. O. C. Marsh as the cotypes of the species Allosaurus medius, all of which excepting a tooth were subsequently referred by Lull '’ to the Ortho- poda and to the new species Dryosaurus grandis. In a recent paper '* I have shown that these cotypes do not pertain to the herbivorous dinosauria but to the carnivorous Theropoda, and in all probability to the genus Ornithomimus. The species name “grandis” having been previously used, it became necessary to assign a new name and the term O. affinis was selected to designate this species. The recognition of an Ornithomimid dinosaur in the Arundel fauna was entirely unexpected for previously representatives of the family Ornithomimidae had only been known from the Judith River, Belly River, Edmonton, Denver, and Lance formations of the Rocky Mountain region, all Upper Cretaceous, while the Arundel on the highest authority, has been regarded of Lower Cretaceous age. Thus the range of this dinosaurian family is greatly extended both geologically and geographically. Since these cotypes have been described in detail in a recent paper * it appears unnecessary to do more here than to call attention to those features which demonstrate the Theropod nature of these bones, followed by a summary of the reasons for assigning them to the genus Ornithomimus. 1 Bull. 110, U. S. National Museum, 1920, pp. 137. 16 Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 35, 1888, p. 93. lv Lower Cretaceous, Geol. Survey of Maryland, 1911, pp. 183-186. 18 Bull. 110, U. S. National Museum, 1920, pp. 137-142. 19 Tdem, pp. 137-142. No. 2389. FAUNA OF THE MARYLAND ARUNDEL—GILMORE- 587 In the parallel columns below the Theropod nature of the cotypes are clearly demonstrated by contrasting their important structural features with the homologous bones of the Orthopod hind foot. Theropod characteristics of the cotypes of Ornithomimus affinis. 1. Astragalus with ascending process. 2. Astragalus narrow fore and aft as com- pared with transverse diameter. 3. Articular surface on distal end of metatarsal III, extending higher on front than on back of bone. 4. Unguals of hind feet compressed. 5. Lateral pits on distal ends of foot bones deep and their borders well defined. 6. Articular ends of foot bones, having well finished surfaces. Characteristics of the Orthopod pes. 1. Ascending process always absent. 2. Astragalus wide fore and aft, as com- pared with transverse diameter. 3. Extent of articular surface on front and back of distal end of metatarsal III, subequal. 4. Unguals of hind feet depressed. 5. Lateral pits on distal ends of foot bones shallow or wanting, their borders when present, illy defined. 6. Articular end of foot bones, usually lacking refinement of their surfaces. The Ornithomimid character of these cotypes was established by a direct comparison with the foot bones of the fine skeleton of Orni- thomimus (Struthiomimus) altus Lambe and other Ornithomimid materials in the American Museum of Natural History, New York. In every instance such close resemblances were found as to leave little doubt of their generic identity. For the present purposes it is thought the similarities of these bones may be most clearly demonstrated by showing homologous bones of the Arundel and Belly River Ornithomimids side by side. In plates 112 and 113 are thus illustrated a number of these bones reproduced here from photographs. - Their close similarities, in some instances, down to the minutest details appears to me to be sufficient to demonstrate their pertaining to animals of congeneric relationship. SAUROPODOUS DINOSAURS. Prof. R.S. Lull has given such a thorough and detailed discussion ?° of the Sauropod Dinosaur remains from the Arundel formation that for the present purposes a detailed discussion of them appears un- necessary. After a thorough examination of the materials I fully concur in his conclusions. Lull recognized three species of Sauro- podous dinosaurs from the Arundel Astrodon johnstoni, Pleurocoelus nanus, and P. altus. Hatcher contended *! that— Since these remains were found in essentially and perhaps identically the same locality and horizon, and, in consideration of the very great similarity which they exhibit, there appears no good reason for considering them as pertaining to either different genera or species. Astrodon johnstoni Leidy, having priority, should, there- fore, be retained, while Pleurocoelus nanus would become a synonym of that genus and species. ; 20 Lower Cretaceous, Md. Geol. Survey, 1911, pp. 188-204. 41 Annals Carnegie Museum, vol. 2, 1903, pp. 11-12. 588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 59, Lull observes: I am inclined to agree with Hatcher in considering Astrodon and Pleurocoelus synonyms, but not in the synonym of the species, P. nanus with Astrodon johnstoni: * * * Pleurocoelus altus, on the other hand, is represented by but few bones, and could readily have been the possessor of teeth like those of Astrodon johnstoni. * * * It is therefore quite possible that Pleurocoelus altus should be considered as synony- mous with Astrodon johnstoni, in which case the latter name would take precedence. It seems preferable, however, in view of the rarity of the remains, to let the matter rest in abeyance until further proof is obtained. | The materials clearly show the presence in the Arundel of a large and small species of the Sauropodous dinosauria, and while I fully concur in Lull’s view of the continued use of all the named species, I think it preferable to assign all to the genus Astrodon, which clearly has priority. PRICONODON CRASSUS Marsh. Plate 110, fig. 3. Priconodon crassus was founded by Marsh” on a single tooth (Cat. 2135, U. S. N. M.) (see pl. 110, fig. 3), his original description being as follows: The existence of another herbivorous dinosaur in the same horizon of the Potomac formation is indicated by a number of fragmentary remains, the most characteristic of which is the tooth figured below. This may be regarded as the type specimen. Although resembling somewhat the teeth of Diraconodon [ Diracodon] from the Jurassic of the West, it is quite distinct. It has the narrow neck, swollen base, and flattened crown of that genus, but the serrated edges meet above at a sharp angle, instead of forming a wide curve at the apex. The surface shown in fig. 7 [pl. 110, fig. 3, left] is much worn by the opposing tooth. In figure 9 [pl. 110, fig. 3, right] the pit formed by the succeeding tooth is seen near the top of the fang. Lull, in his study ** of the Arundel vertebrates, consisting of the type and subsequently discovered materials, recognized five other teeth pertaining to Priconodon crassus, and a vertebral centrum was questionably referred by him to this species. The latter I regard as pertaining to the sacrum, and have tentatively assigned ™ it to Ornitho- mimMuUs, Lull recognized the resemblance of these teeth to those of Paleoscin- cus costatus Leidy. He says: This tooth [the type] resembles somewhat that of Palaeoscincus costatus Leidy, from the Judith River beds, though the type of Palaeoscincus is slightly smaller than that of the present species. The swelling shoulder in Priconodon is more prominent and rounded than in Palaeoscinus, and in the latter the cusps are much sharper and more prominent, though less numerous on one edge of the crown. The median ridge of Priconodon is also lacking. In his concluding remarks Lull says: The tooth of Priconodon comes nearest Leidy’s Palaeoscincus from the Judith River, to which it could readily be ancestral, as the evolutionary tendency on the part of the Orthopoda is to increase the number and decrease the size of the teeth. 22 Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, 1888, vol. 25, p. 93, figs. 7-9. 33 Report Maryland Geol. Survey, Lower Cretaceous, 1911, p. 208. 4 Bull. 110 U. S. National Museum, 1920, p. 142. ie OO BN I a as Le —————— _ = EE oee= No. 2389. FAUNA OF THE MARYLAND ARUNDEL—GILMORE. 589 After comparing the type and other teeth of Priconodon with the teeth of Palaeoscincus and Stegosaurus in the National Museum col- lections, I fully concur in Lull’s conclusions as to their close resem- blance to those of Palaeoscincus, but do not see that they are any closer to the latter than to Stereocephalus tutus Lambe,”> also an Upper Cretaceous form from the Belly River of Alberta, Canada. In size, method of wear, and general characteristics the teeth of Priconodon certainly indicate closer affinities with the armored dino- saurs of the Upper Cretaceous than with Stegosaurus of the Morrison formation. Although our classification of the American armored dinosauria is somewhat in confusion at the present time, the discoveries of recent years, much of the material as yet undescribed, shows that the Upper Cretaceous forms belong to families distinct from the Morrison Stegosauridae. Whether the Nodosauridae, Ankylosauridae, or Scelidosauridae all represent valid families I am not prepared to say, but it is to one of these, probably the Nodosauridae, that Priconodon should be assigned rather than the tall plated Stegosauridae as classified by Hay,” Lull, 7 and others. Order LORICATA Family CROCODYLIDAE. GONIOPHOLIS? AFFINIS Lull. Plate 110, fig. 1. This crocodilian was founded on very scanty materials, the se- lected type being the crown of a single tooth (Cat. No. 8452, U.S.N.M.) (pl. 110, fig. 1), though other teeth and part of a dermal scute were mentioned in the original description.” Lull points out that while the teeth resemble, in size and shape, those of crocodiles from the Morrison formation, yet they differ by ‘having secondary ridges between the main ridges on the proximal portion of the crown.” The sculpturing of the scute is also shown to be coarser than on any of those from the Morrison of the West. In view of the present state of our knowledge concerning the extinct Crocodilia I do not believe it is possible to definitely deter- mine the genus to which a form based on such meager materials belongs, and until more diagnostic specimens are found it will un- doubtedly remain a species of uncertain affinities. At this time it has no apparent value for the correlation of this fauna and should be eliminated from such consideration. Except for showing the presence in the Arundel fauna of an extinct crocodilian these frag- mentary specimens have but little significance. 2 Contributions Canadian Paleontology, vol. 3, pl. 2, 1902, pp. 55-57. % Bull. 179, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1902, p. 496. 37 Rept. Md. Geol. Surv., 1911, Lower Cret., p. 207. 3% Idem, pp. 210-211, pl. 20, fig. 7. 590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor, 59. Order TESTUDINATA. Family PLEUROSTERNIDAE. GLYPTOPS CAELATUS Hay. There have been no additional discoveries of turtle remains in the Arundel formation since Dr. O. P. Hay described ” Glyptops caelatus in 1908, so that our knowledge of this form rests entirely on the type, a fragmentary specimen, from which little information can be obtained as to its relationships to the other species of the genus. At my request Doctor Hay was kind enough to reexamine the type materials for the present study and reports as follows: Tcan not say whether Glyptops caelatus is more or less closely related to the Morrison forms than to those from the Lower Cretaceous. In comparing the Morrison and Arundel faunas I think I would not put G. caelatus in the balance. From the above statement it appears, therefore, on the highest authority, that the Arundel turtle remains can not contribute any- thing of value to the present discussion of this fauna. CLASS PISCES. At this time the known fish remains of the Arundel fauna consist of a single scale of a Ganoid and a tooth which, in the sculpturing of its flattened grinding surface, slightly resembles those of Ptychodus from the Niobrara formation of the Upper Cretaceous. It probably represents an undescribed form. The specimen (Cat. No. 10294, U.S.N.M.) was found by Mr. C. Englehart in 1894 near Contee, Maryland. SUMMARY. In the preceding review of the several genera and species of fossil vertebrates that comprise the known fauna of the Arundel formation of Maryland, it is apparent that most of them were established on very meager and, in some instances, inadequate materials. The proper treatment of such more or less indeterminate forms has long been one of the difficult problems in modern vertebrate paleontology: In the handling of this fauna in the past, but little discrimination has been made as to the adequate or inadequate nature of the speci- mens on which the names were based. ‘To regard all members of a fauna as generically and specifically determinable, when from the very character of the type specimens they can only be determined as to order or family, is an erroneous practice. While in making up faunal lists it is necessary to include such forms, it should always be specified to what extent such questionable genera and species are determinable., The neglect of such a precau- tion has in the past sadly misled workers in their final conclusions 29 Fossil Turtles of North America, 1908, pp. 52, 58, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2. a te Mey oe a a, | pe te ek wy, ee eo a a ge ee No. 2389. FAUNA OF THE MARYLAND ARUNDEL—GILMORE. 591 where faunal lists have been used to prove the synchronous nature of widely separated formations. The contention of Marsh,*® corroborated by Hatcher,*! and the later even more positive assertion of Lull * that the Arundel fauna “correlates the beds wherein they are found absolutely with the Morrison (Como) of the west,” is a conclusion which this recent study shows can not be maintained. Forms that have been founded on single teeth or a single bone, especially in the reptilia, do not permit of an accurate diagnosis of that form, and neither does it permit of a satisfactory comparison with other specimens. Some of these, as the types of Coelurus gracilis, Dryptosaurus? medius, and Dryptosaurus? potens, are certainly deter- minable as to suborder, possibly family, but are not surely deter- minable generically, as the genera of carnivorous dinosaurs are now distinguished. The remaining Theropod, Ornithomimus affinis, is certainly distinguishable as to family, possibly as to genus. While the synonymy of the two genera and three species of the Sauropoda found in the Arundel fauna is somewhat uncertain at this time, the materials are entirely sufficient on which to characterize at least one good genus and two species, and for the purposes of the present discussion this appears entirely adequate. The Orthopoda is represented by the single genus and species, Priconodon crassus, based on a single tooth. At this time our knowl- edge of the armored dinosauria is such that we do not know whether the teeth are diagnostic of genera or not. Taking into account the highly specialized character of the teeth in the few known forms, it would appear that perhaps in this group of reptiles, when sufficiently well known, it will be found that the teeth are diverse enough in their characters to at once tell to which particular genus they pertain. The above review of determined forms shows the evidence for the correlation of the Arundel fauna with the Morrison, rests entirely on the presence of Sauropodous dinosaurs in both formations, and the apparent occurrence of one genus Astrodon (Pleurocoelus) common to both, although a review of the Morrison materials identified as per- taining to Astrodon (Pleurocoelus) by both Marsh and Hatcher is scanty and not altogether reassuring as to the soundness of their identifications. It is my conclusion that, with the exception of Astrodon (Pleurocoelus), there is not another one of the named dino- saurian specimens from the Arundel which at this time can be said to be closely allied to any of the Morrison forms. On the other hand the presence of an Ornithomimid dinosaur per- taining to the family Ornithomimidae, which has never before been 30 Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 11, 1896, pp. 435-436. 31 Annals Carnegie Museum, vol. 2, 1903, pp. 13-14. 32 Lower Cretaceous, Geol. Survey of Maryland, 1911, p. 178. 592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 59 known below the Upper Cretaceous (Belly River); an armored dino- saur, Priconodon crassus, which Lull, correctly recognizes as having its closest affinities with Palazoscincus of the Upper Cretaceous; a carnivorous dinosaur having a caudal vertebra most nearly resembling the Upper Cretaceous Dryptosaurus from New Jersey; and the smaller Theropod Coelurus? gracilis based on a claw of the fore foot, that except for its much smaller size has its exact counterparts in collec- tions from the Belly River formation. Summing up the evidence, such as it is, we have on the one hand in the Arundel the presence of Sauropodous dinosaurs which have been generally considered as not having survived after the close of the Morrison, and on the other hand one family of known Upper Cretaceous occurrence, and at least three other forms which have their closest resemblances with Upper Cretaceous dinosaurs. Imper- fect as it is, the weight of the vertebrate evidence would appear to favor a higher position in the geological scale than has been attributed this fauna in the past. In this connection it is of interest to find that this conclusion is more in accord with the paleobotanical evidence, as interpreted by Berry, than the previously accepted correlation of the Arundel with the Morrison. Berry, in comparing the floras of the Arundel and Kootanie of Montana, observes: The two floras have a great many elements in common, and upon the basis of the floras alone the conclusion would be reached that the base of the Kootanie was approxi- mately the same age or slightly older than the base of the Patuxent (a formation con- formably underlying the Arundel). When the faunas are considered it develops that the Morrison fauna, which is considered by many paleontologists to be of Jurassic age, is found conformable beneath the beds containing the Kootanie flora, which is of unquestioned Lower Cretaceous age. Along the Atlantic seaboard this is reversed and the bulk of the flora corresponding to that of the Kootanie underlies beds con- taining a large representation of the Morrison fauna, and which also has been con- sidered to be Jurassic age by Marsh and others. West. East. Patapsco unconformable. : | Arundel Dinosaurs. Patuxent Plants. Kootanie Plants. Morrison Dinosaurs. 33 Lower Cretaceous, Maryland Geol. Survey, 1911, pp. 155-156. No. 2389. FAUNA OF THE MARYLAND ARUNDEL—GILMORE. 593 Berry’s conclusion, based alone on the evidence of the floras, that the Patuxent and Kootanie formations are of approximately the same age, as graphically shown in the foregoing diagram, is now fully in accord with the vertebrate evidence as indicating a higher position in the Lower Cretaceous for the Arundel formation than has been previously given it. The only difference between these two lines of evidence is that, whereas ‘‘the Patuxent-Arundel floras are essen- tially a unit of early cretaceous age whose affinities all lie with the floras which preceed them,” the affinities of the Arundel vertebrate fauna is divided, the Sauropod dinosaurs having close relationships with the preceding fauna and all others apparently having their closest affinities with those faunas which succeeded the Arundel. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Puate 110. Fie. 1. Tooth of Goniopholis? afinis Lull. Type. Cat. No. 8452, U.S.N.M. Natural size after Lull. See p. 589. Fia. 2. Tooth of Dryptosaurus? medius (Marsh). Type. Cat. No. 4972, U.S.N.M. Natural size. Lateral view. See p. 583. Fia. 3. Tooth of Priconodon crassus Marsh. Type. Cat. No. 2135 U.S.N.M. Natural size. Outer, edge, and inner views. After Marsh. See p. 588. Fie. 4. Ungual phalanx of the manus of an unidentified dinosaur from the Belly River formation, Upper Cretaceous of the Red Deer River, Alberta, Canada. Cat. No. 5387, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Twice natural size. Lateral view. See p. 586. Fia. 5. Ungual phalanx of the manus of Coelurus? gracilis Marsh. Type. Cat. No. 4973, U.S.N.M. Twice natural size. Lateral view. With the exception of the difference in size, note the close similarity of figures 4 and 5. See p. 585. PLATE 111. Fia. 1. Anterior caudal centrum of Antrodemus valens Leidy. From the Morrison formation of Wyoming. Cat. No. 8367, U.S.N.M. About one-half natural size. Viewed from the left side. See p. 584. Fia. 2. Anterior caudal centrum of Dryptosaurus? potens (Lull) from the Arundel formation of Maryland. Type. Cat. No. 3049, U.S.N.M. About one-half natural size. Viewed from the left side. Compare the straight ventral border of this bone with the anterior caudals of Dryptosaurus aquilunguis, pl. 114, fig. 2. See p. 584. PLATE 112. Fie. 1. Second phalanx digit III, right, of Ornithomimus affinis Gilmore, Cotype. Cat. No. 5703, U.S.N.M. Anterior view. Natural size. See p. 586. Fie. 2. Second phalanx digit III, right, of an Ornithomimid dinosaur from the Belly River formation, Upper Cretaceous, Alberta, Canada. Cat. No. 5201, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Anterior view. Natural size. See p. 586. Fia. 3. Proximal phalanx of digit II, left Ornithomimus affinis Gilmore, Cotype. Cat. No. 5453, U.S.N.M. Anterior view. Natural size. See p. 586. Fia. 4. Proximal phalanx of digit II, left, of an Ornithomimid dinosaur, same as fig. 2. Natural size. See p. 586. 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59—— 38 594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59, PLateE 113. Fie. 1. Second phalanx digit IV, right, of Ornithomimus affinis Gilmore, Cotype. Cat. No. 8456, U.S.N.M. Anterior view. Natural size. See p. 586. . Fie. 2. Second phalanx digit III, right of an Ornithomimid dinosaur from the Belly River formation, Upper Cretaceous, Alberta, Canada. Cat. No. 5201, Amer. Mus. of Natural History. Anterior view. Natural size. See p. 586. _ Fia.3. Distal portion of metatarsal ITI, right of Ornithomimus affinis Gilmore, Lotype. Cat. No. 5684, U.S.N.M. Anterior view. Natural size. See p. 586. Fie. 4. Distal portion of metatarsal IIT, left of an Ornithomimid dinosaur from the Belly River formation, Upper Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Cat. No. 5201, Amer. Mus. Nat. History. Anterior view. Natural size. See p. 586. PLATE 114. Fic. 1. Distal portion of metatarsal II, right, of Onithomimus affinis Gilmore. Cotype. Cat. No. 5704, U.S.N.M. Lateral view. Natural size. See p. 586. Fic, 2. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Dryptosaurus aquilunguis Cope. Very much reduced. Compare with fig. 2. Plate II. After Cope. See p. 584. . eae U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. () wa if “ty, mn \v hd FAUNA OF ARUNDEL FORMATION OF MARYLAND. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 594, PL. III 59 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. NATIONAL MUSEUM Ss. U. FAUNA OF ARUNDEL FORMATION OF MARYLAND. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 593. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 112 FAUNA OF ARUNDEL FORMATION OF MARYLAND. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 594, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 v ae FAUNA OF ARUNDEL FORMATION OF MARYLAND. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 594. PE. 113 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 114 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Oy “p69 39Vd 33S 3lvid 4o NOILVNW1dxa 4HYO4 “GNVTAYVIA] JO NOILVWHOY TAGNNYY JO WNNV4 (= <== == ak AN a 1. 4. Outer face of left ulna. X 1. 5. Part of right ischium and pubis, showing upper face. > .5. Fias. 6-11. Thinobadistes segnis. Foot bones. .5: 6. Right second metacarpal, seen from below. 7. Right navicular, seen from behind. 8. Right third metatarsal bone, seen from left side. 9. Right fourth and fifth metatarsal bones, seen from below. 10. Second phalange of right hinder median digit, from above. 11. Base of ungual phalange of hinder third digit, from behind. Fie. 12. Camelus arctoamericanus. Anterior first phalanx, seen from rear. .7. No. 2391. DHSCRIPTIONS OF PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATA—HAY. 641 Puate 120. Fias. 1-4. Thomomys scudderi. Skull. Type: 1. Skull seen from left side. X 1. 2. Right ramus of lower jaw seen from right side. » 1. 3. Skull showing palate. X 2. 4. Lower jaw seen from above. 2. Fras. 5-6. Citellus tuitus. Skull. Type. X 2: 5. Palate, showing teeth. 6. Left side of skull. Fie. 7. Citellus taylor. Type. > 1. Left ramus of lower jaw seen from left side. Fia. 8. Procamelus longurio. Type. 1. Section of the right hinder cannon bone. Fia. 9. Procamelus major Leidy. Section of the right hinder cannon bone. PLATE 121. All the figures are of approximately the natural size. Fias. 1-5. Lepus benjamini: 1. Lower jaw. Type. Inner face of left ramus, 2. Referred maxilla. 3. Right femur, front view. 4, Right tibia, front view. 5a. Left humerus, front view. 5b. Right innominate bone. Fias. 6-18. Brachylagus browni: ; 6. Palate, with teeth. Type. 7. Referred skull, showing right side. The bone encrusted with cal- cite. 8. Same skull, seen from above. 9. Same skull, seen from below. 10. Palate of another skull, showing tooth sockets. 11. A right mandible with most of the teeth. 12. A left maxilla showing zygomatic arch. 13. A right ramus of the lower jaw. 14. A right humerus seen from radial side. 15. Right innominate bone. 16. Right femur seen from in front. 17. Right tibia, lacking the epiphyses. 18. Upper half of left tibia. PLATE 122. Fics. 1-3. Camelops huerfanensis? A cervical vertebrae. xX. .5+: 1. Seen from below. 2. Seen from the right side. 3. Seen from in front— (aa) Span of the front and lower parts of the transverse processes. (bb) Span of the lower plate of the transverse processes. Fies. 4-6. Procamelus coconinensis. Tooth and first phalange: 4. An upper left second(?) molar. Type. x 1. 5. Same tooth, presenting outer face. 1. 6. Anterior first phalange. .7. Fie. 7. Cynomys niobrarius. Palate presenting the teeth. Type. X 1. 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59— 41 642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. PLATE 123. Fia. 1. Camelus maximus. An anterior first phalange. Type. X .72. Fia. 2. Procamelus huerfanensis. Front first phalange. X .75. Fies. 3-4. Procamelus longurio. First phalangeals. X .73. 3. Anterior first phalange, seen from front. 4. Hinder first phalange, seen from front. Fie. 5. Procamelus coconinensis. Hinder first phalange. X .73. Fies. 6-8. Marmota arizonae. Skull. Type. X 1: 6. Skull seen from below. : 7. Same skull seen from above. 8. Same skull seen from the right side. PLATE 124. Fie. 1. Equus occidentalis? Right hindermost molar. Polished section. X 1. Frias. 2-3. Equus giganteus? X 1. 2. Right hindermost molar. Grinding face. 3. Part of aright upper molar. X 1. Fic. 4. Procamelus longurio. Right hinder cannon bone. Type. X .5. Fias. 5-6. Chasmaporthetes ossifragus. Partsof leftramusoflowerjaw. Type. X1. 5. Seen from outside. 6. Seen from above— (a) Rear of socket for canine. (b) Front root of second premolar. (c) Hinder root of second premolar. (d) Socket for front root of third premolar. (e) Part of socket for hinder root third premolar. (f) Front root of fourth premolar. (g) Hinder root of fourth premolar. (h) Front root of first molar. (i) Rear root of first molar. TRS Se XS Sad 116 PL. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM TEETH OF CAMELS FROM COLORADO AND SOUTH DAKOTA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 639-640. 117 PE: PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ee. a BONES OF DEER AND OF WOODCHUCKS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 640. 118 PEs PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BONES OF RODENTS AND OF A HORSE. FOR EXPLANATION CF PLATE SEE PAGE 640. 119 PL. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 NATIONAL MUSEUM SE U. , AND GROUND-SLOTH. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 640. OF A CAMEL, BADGERS BONES, MOSTLY FOSSIL, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 120 SKULLS OF RODENTS AND SECTIONS OF CANNON BONES OF CAMELS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PACE 641. 21 AL PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM a BONES OF RABBITS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 6}1 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 122 SKULL OF PRAIRIE DOG AND BONES AND TEETH OF CAMELS. FoR EX?LANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 641. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM SKULL OF WOODCHUCK AND BONES OF CAMELS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 642, PL. 123 PL. 124 59 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM & , BONE OF CAMEL, AND JAW OF HYAENA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 642. TEETH OF HORSE DESCRIPTION OF DEEP-SEA FISHES FROM THE COAST OF HAWAII, KILLED BY A LAVA FLOW FROM MAUNA LOA. By Davip STARR JORDAN, Of Stanford University, California. In November, 1919, I received from a former student, Mr. Carl Schurz Carlsmith, a resident of Hilo, Hawaii, a small collection of fishes killed on the southwest of the island of Hawaii by a lava flow from an eruption of Mauna Loa. The circumstances under which these were taken are related by Mr. Carlsmith as follows: At the end of September, 1919, a lava flow started in the district of Kau on the island of Hawaii, and flowed to the sea through the land of Alika, which name was given to the flow to distinguish it from others. The lava was of a very fluid variety, and upon reaching the sea it built a tunnel for itself upon the floor of the ocean. The offshore water at this point is very deep, and within a hundred feet or more of the shore reaches a depth of at least 200 fathoms. On visiting the place in a native canoe on the night of October 1, I found that the subterranean tunnel was bursting at vari- ous points with heavy detonations and sending up thick clouds of steam. These clouds of steam were noticed by me as far as 2 miles from the point where the flow entered the ocean. A large number of fish, eels, and other sea life were killed by the heat and explosions, and many curious forms were found floating on the water. Some few days later, probably October 6, Tom Reinhardt, a boatman, was on his way from the flow to Hilo, and at a point, estimated by him to be 3 or 4 miles offshore, saw the water in ebullition and found a large number of boiled fish. He is a Part-Hawaiian and has spent his life on the water close to the shore. None of these fish were known to him and the specimens which are submitted herewith were taken by him floating , - on the top of the water and brought to the native fish inspector of Hilo. The latter did not recognize any of the forms, and I was requested to find anything definite referring to the names, habitat, and other points of interest. The specimens were all sun-dried when received by me, but their characters are easily made out. They are of special interest as rep- resenting an offshore fauna, beyond the reach of nets, but protected from the dredge by the extreme roughness of the lava-strewn sea- bottom. Seven species, five of them representing each a genus new to science, are included in the collection, these having escaped the shore explorations of Jordan and Evermann in 1901, and the deep-sea work of the Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, directed by Charles H. Gilbert in 1902. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59—No. 2392. 643 644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 59. The types of the new species are presented to the United States ~ National Museum. A partial series is in the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Honolulu, the gift of Mr. Reinhardt. Family MURAENESOCIDAE. RHECHIAS, new genus. This genus Rhechias seems to agree in nearly all respects with Neoconger Girard, differing, however, in the hook-like armature of the side of the upper jaw. (‘onxés, thorn.) Type of the genus.—Rhechias armiger, new species. RHECHIAS ARMIGER, new species. Type.—Cat. No. 84097, U.S.N.M., about 54 inches long, much shriveled, depth about two-fifths length of head. Head pointed, as Fic. 1—RHECHIAS ARMIGER, NEW SPECIES. broad as deep, triangular as seen from above. Body slender, not much compressed, tapering to a very long and slender tail, which is considerably longer than rest of body. Hye moderate, near middle of cranium, about half snout, and 6} in head, from tip of snout to gill opening; gill opening lateral, vertical, its depth more than half eye; interorbital space very narrow. Preorbital on each side with three sharp stiff, hooked spines like bramble thorns, the first two turned backward, the last forward; tongue not free; lower jaw a shade shorter than upper, each with a narrow band of sharp, close-set, ir- regular teeth, relatively large and larger in front, where in the upper jaw they form a patch of small canines: a row of minute teeth on the palatines. Posterior nostril an oblique slit just before eye; anterior nostril a round pore without barbel at tip of snout. Branchiostegals, 9; pec- No. 2392. NHW DEEP-SEA FISHES FROM HAWAII—JORDAN. 645 torals narrow, pointed, about as long as from tip of snout to front of _ pupil. Dorsal fin very low, beginning well beyond tip of pectoral, and in front of vent, as a mere fold of skin, growing higher on the tail, where for a distance the height is almost equal to length of eye; anal quite similar; tail ending in a filamentous point. Color dusky, dotted with black, especially along the lateral line; the pec- torals pale, the dorsal and anal slightly darker along the edge. Family MYCTOPHIDAE. NYCTIMASTER, new genus. Closely allied to Lampanyctus Bonaparte, having the same general form, subacute snout, and elongate pectorals, but differing in not having the scales of the lateral line enlarged. Lampanyctus croco- dilus (Risso), the type of the genus, has these scales much larger than the others, being deeper than long. Nannabrachium Giinther , Fic. 2.—NYCTIMASTER REINHARDTI, NEW SPECIES. agrees with Lampanyctus in this regard, but has the pectoral fins very short. Most of the species thus far referred to Lampanyctus belong appar- ently to Nyctimaster. (vié, night; pacrjp, searcher.) Type of the genus.—Lampanyctus jordani Gilbert, from northern Japan. . NYCTIMASTER REINHARDTI, new species. Three examples badly shriveled, each about 4 inches long. The type is Cat. No. 84095, U.S.N.M. Head about 34 in length; depth 12 in head; dorsal rays about 12, anal about 16; scales 4-38-6. Body subterete, rather elongate, little compressed; head rather pointed, the mouth very large, the long premaxillary 14 in head, reaching far beyond eye, the posterior border of eye in front of its middle; eye rather large, about as long as snout, about 5 in head. Lower jaw slightly the longer; jaws nearly straight; the upper with a slight sig- moid curve, but with no distinct angle anteriorly. Premaxillary 646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 59. very narrow, reaching angle of preopercle; each jaw with a band of small, sharp, even teeth; two patches of similar teeth on vomer; palate with two broad bands of similar teeth, the outer much the broader; no canines. Preorbital very narrow; propercle very oblique; cheeks longer than deep; opercle rather short, oblique; scales large, smooth, caducous, lateral line well developed; its scales not enlarged; some photophores on its course and on belly, but these are mostly destroyed, hence not shown in the drawing. A moderate photophore in front of eye and a large triangular luminous patch just below and behind eye. Pectoral placed rather high, narrow, long, as long as head, the lower rays short. Ventrals nearly reaching front of anal, more than half head. Dorsal inserted in front of middle of body, just behind ventrals, the first rays high, two-thirds head, adipose fin small (shriveled); anal similar to dorsal, but lower, inserted under its last rays. Caudal broken, apparently lunate. Color uniform jet black, the fins whitish, especially the pectoral. This species must be placed in the genus Lampanyctus Bonaparte, as at present defined, differing from most of the other species in the sharper snout and slenderer body. But the type of Lampanyctus, L. crocodilus (Risso), has the scales along the lateral line considerably enlarged. Further material is necessary to decide how many of the species now placed in Lampanyctus and having the lateral scales not deepened should be assigned to Nyctimaster. The genus Nannobra- chium, also with enlarged lateral scales, differs in having the pec- torals very small. Family STERNOPTYCHIDAE. POLYIPNUS NUTTINGI Gilbert. A very small example, 14 inches long. Black area along the back continuous to base of caudal and not extending down behind the scapular region. Scales mostly lost. Spine at front of dorsal rel- atively high, the anterior spine much lower. This specimen diverges somewhat from the account given by Gilbert, being very young and badly shriveled. The species is, however, probably the same. Family SERRANIDAE. RHYACANTHIAS, new genus. Subfamily Anthiine, allied to Leptanthias Tafiaka, from Japan. Body much elongated; caudal lobes extremely attenuate in the adult; lateral line not angulated; head closely scaled; vertical fins scaleless; teeth small, no true canines, the base of the lower jaw with an elevated angular lobe with stronger teeth; dorsal and anal rays ather few. (DoE? ACL) Type of the genus.—Rhyacanthias carlsmithi, new species. r No. 2392. NHW DEEP-SEA FISHES FROM HAWAII—JORDAN. 647 RHYACANTHIAS CARLSMITHI, new species. Type.—Cat. No. 84099, U.S.N.M., 7 inches long, besides the caudal fin, which is 14 inches. Head, 33 in length to base of caudal; depth, 33; dorsal rays, [X.7; anal, III.7; pectoral, 15; scales, 5-53-13. Body compressed, lanceolate, little elevated. Head moderate, the occipital region little elevated. Interorbital space broad, with two low ridges. Eye very large, 34 in head, the snout three-fifth its length; mouth moderate, the broad maxillary reaching middle of eye, 24 in head, its tip four times width of the very narrow pre- orbital lower jaw, slightly projecting, with an emarginate, toothed symphyseal knob. Fiq. 3.—RHYACANTHIAS CARLSMITHI, NEW SPECIES. Teeth small, even, no true canines, but those on the symphyseal knob and a corresponding patch on a knob in front of each premax- illary somewhat enlarged; a notch between these knobs; base of lower jaw with a prominent angular basal elevation, which also bears larger teeth; teeth on tip of lower jaw extended; vomer and palatines with narrow bands of small teeth, a small patch on tongue and apparently (not certainly) on pterygoids also. Propercle with a right angle, somewhat produced, the vertical and horizontal limbs entire, or nearly so. Cheek region quadrate. Interopercle prom- inent. Opercle moderate, with two small flat spines, besides a soft point. Gill rakers rather slender and numerous. Head everywhere closely beset with moderate, ciliated scales, these covering forehead, preorbital, suborbital, maxillary, mandible, pre- opercle, including both limbs, cheeks, opercle, and interopercle. Scales on mandible smaller and smoother. Scales of body rather small, ciliated, the soft dorsal and anal nearly naked, scaled only along a basal sheath. Lateral line running high, descending in a broad, even curve under soft dorsal, not at all angulated; tubes simple, covering most of the length of each scale; caudal and pec- torals with small scales basally. Dorsal and anal (dried down and not easily studied, the soft rays not certainly counted) dorsal spines slender, the third not elevated, about half head; last ray pointed, a little elevated, about three-fourths head; base of soft dorsal about 648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. as long as that of spmous. Anal spines strong, graduated, the third longest, 3 in head; last soft ray 14 in head; caudal very deeply forked, slightly scaly at base, its lobes subequal, attenuate, more than twice length of head, one of its upper rays ending in a very Jong and slender thread, the other rays with short filaments. Fila- ment of lower lobe shorter than upper; pectoral narrow, unsym- metrical, pointed, the rays all branched, the upper rays filamentous, a little longer than head; ventrals close together, just hehind pec- torals, reaching past vent, the tip slightly filamentous, as long as head. Color uniform whitish when received, probably rosy silvery in life, with no markings or shades anywhere. This species is a typical anthiine form, but it does not seem to fit into any recognized genus. The body is more elongate than in any other, the caudal lobes more attenuate, the lateral line not angulated, Fic. 4.—RHYACANTHIAS CARLSMITHI (YOUNG). and the head closely scaled; while the vertical fins are naked. The absence of true canines and the presence of a strong toothed angle at the base of the mandible will serve to characterize the new genus Rhyacanthias (svat, volcano) as also the very small number of soft rays in the dorsal, much fewer than those of the nearest ally, the Japanese genus Fibvtantniak Tanaka. RHYACANTHIAS, species. Another specimen of the same genus, I suppose to be the young of this species, although at first I took it to be distinct. Its length (Cat. No. 24101, U.S.N.M.) is 32 inches. Head, 2? in length; depth, 33. Body elongate, the back moder- ately elevated, the anterior profile even; head moderate, snout short, rather abruptly truncate, about half the large eye, which is 3 in head. Mouth moderate, the jaws equal, the upper 24 in head, maxillary extending to below middle of eye; teeth small, unequal, some of them on front and on base of jaw somewhat enlarged, a moderate elevated | | | | hrs, yy: a aes No. 2392. NHW DEEP-SHA FISHES FROM HAWAII—JORDAN. 649 angle at base of lower jaw, with slightly larger teeth; tip of lower jaw with small exserted teeth, fitting into a notch in the upper. Preor- bital very narrow; cheeks rather longer than deep, preopercle with two limbs, the anterior entire, the posterior rather finely and sharply serrate, with a slender sharp spine at the angle in one example, broken in the others and probably lost with age; replaced in the largest ex- ample by rather stronger serrations; lower limb of preopercle with a few small sharp forward directed serrations. Opercle with two sharp spines. Dorsal fin rather high, slightly notched, its rays apparently IX, 7 to 9, the soft part very short, anal rays III, 7. None of the dorsal spines elevated, the third longest, 2} in head, rather higher than the soft rays. Caudal broken in all specimens, evidently forked. Anal lower than dorsal, its second spine longest, all shorter than the soft rays. Pectoral narrow, unsymmetrical, 14 in head; no filamen- tous rays on any fin in this young specimen. Scales rather large ctenoid, 3-47-10, as nearly as can be counted. Scales on opercles rather larger and more ctenoid, in about five rows, four rows of rather large scales on cheeks; both jaws, snout, and all the opercles covered with scales smaller than those on cheeks and opercles; scales on sides of head rougher and rather larger than in the type; a scaly sheath at base of dorsal; the fin otherwise scaleless. Lateral line complete, concurrent with the back, nowhere angu- lated, its pores covering most of the scale. Color plain, probably red in life. Spinous dorsal with six oblique black cross shades, running upward and backward, three dusky shades downward and backward on soft dorsal, the edge black, other fins pale. Scales on back with some black dots; scales on opercle dusky at base. There are also three other examples, 24 to 4 inches in length, which I refer to the same species, though not without some doubt. They are more slender, and the back is quite dark in color, made so by a multitude of dark punctulations; the upper fins and caudal also dusky, scales on opercle with a dusky area at base. Teeth very small, but unequal, certainly none of them canine-like, although the lower jaw is angulated at base. Though these three look unlike the other young example, and unlike the type, it is probable that all belong to Rhya- canthias carlsmitha. Family GRAMMICOLEPIDAE. VESPOSUS, new genus. Closely allied to Grammicolepis Poey, with the same peculiar type of scales, but distinguished by the well-developed ventral fins and by the much stronger armed bucklers along bases of dorsal and anal fins. Type of the genus.— Vesposus egregius, new species. 650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59, VESPOSUS EGREGIUS, new species. Type.—(Cat. No. 84098 U.S.N.M.); length, 134 inches; head, 33 in length; depth, 15%; dorsal rays, X-—I-34; anal, III-38; ventral, I, 6; pectoral, 15; caudal, 15; scales, about 118; dorsal scutes, 38; anal scutes, 36. Body broad, ovate or pear-shaped in outline, strongly compressed, its thickness less than one-tenth its length. Head rather small, a little longer than deep, the anterior profile even, nearly straight to the elevated nape, which forms an even curve with the back, fol- lowed by a very weak even curve to base of caudal peduncle. Anal fpf YRS, ~ Fig. 5.—VESPOSUS EGREGIUS, NEW SPECIES. beginning behind middle of spinous dorsal and ending just behind it; base of anal nearly straight, ascending obliquely. Kye very large, 23 in head, longer than the short blunt snout; top of head very short, the groove for the protractile premaxillary lying between very rough, rugose supraocular bones; preorbital very short, broad, rugose, with rough radiating ridges; maxillary slipping under it; length of upper jaw about 6 in head; mouth very small, very oblique, the jaws equal, the mandible not quite reach- ing front of eye, 3 in head, its angles very rough with small serra- tions, as are all prominent bones about head. Preopercle with two ridges, both finely and evenly serrate, the anterior ridge roughest, the teeth coarser below; posterior limb vertical, the anterior hori- zontal, the two forming a rounded angle; region of cheeks rec- tangular, nearly twice as long as deep. Opercle rather short, with- No. 2392. NEW DEHEP-SHA FISHES FROM HAWAII—JORDAN. 651 out spine. Teeth very small, even, apparently in a narrow band (characters of teeth, gill rakers, and branchiostegals, not to be ascertained without dissection). Gill membranes free from the- isthmus, but broadly united across it, and covered with small rough scales. Scales of body unique, each developed as a long thin vertical strip, of the color and texture of the material of a wasps’ nest; the edges parallel, each scale many times as deep as long; with three or four parallel vertical ridges roughened with small prickles, and each with a vertical series of larger prickles turned backward, along its base, apparently not on the scale itself, but on the basal skin. Similar scales on cheeks, opercles, and gill membranes; scales on caudal peduncle gradually assuming by degrees a normal form, small, rounded, and rough at base, the edges entire. A very narrow lateral line curved upward on anterior half of body, straight and nearly horizontal behind; fins scaleless, mandible scaly; snout, nostrils, and upper jaw with some naked skin. A row of stout, hooked, immovable thorn-like spines along base of dorsal and anal, these subequal in size. Dorsal fin with the spines rather low and weak, the second a little elevated, about as long as eye (broken in the type); soft rays low slowly rising posteriorly where the longest is about 24 in head. Anal with three stiff curved spines, the first two serrated, the second nearly 4 in head. Soft anal longer than soft dorsal, separated from the spinous part by a short notch (whether actually connected or not can not be now determined), the last rays about equal to the last of dorsal. Rays of pectoral dorsal and anal not branched. Caudal peduncle rather slender, compressed, longer than deep, its length two-thirds that of head, its least depth about one-third; broadened at base of caudal fin, which is narrow, rounded, its middle rays longest, a shade longer than head; pectoral short, rounded, 24 in head; ventrals inserted just before them; longer than pectoral 12 in head: ventral spine and outer rays of caudal strongly serrate, as is the first spine of the dorsal and the first two of the anal. Shoulder girdle slender, apparently normal, so far as can be ascertained without dissection. Color uniform slaty gray, the tip of caudal and edges of vertical fins blackish. The type is in fair condition except for having been dried in the sun. This extraordinary fish is plainly allied to the Zeidae, although very properly placed in a different family, Grammicolepidae. The only other species of this family known, Grammicolepis brachiusculus 652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. Poey, is known from a single specimen obtained from deep water off Habana. In the new genus, Vesposus, the form of the body and fins is essentially the same, as is also the aquamation. The genus is apparently distinguished by the strong, hooked spines along the bases of dorsal and anal, and by the much larger ventral fins. Other apparent points of difference seem to be of specific value only. The name, vesposus, waspy, alludes to the dry scales, suggesting the mate- rial of a wasp’s nest. Family CHAETODONTIDAE. LOA, new genus. Allied to Chaetodon Linnaeus, but with the anterior dorsal spines thickened at base, the third and fourth greatly elevated and all higher and stronger than in Chaetodon. Type of the genus.—Loa excelsa, new species. LOA EXCELSA Jordan, new species. Type.—Cat. No. 84094, U.S.N.M., 2 inches in length; head, 24 in body; depth, 11; dorsal rays, XI, 23; anal III, 18; scales, 12-50-15. Form and appearance of a Chaetodon, the body greatly compressed and elevated, snout short, sharply exerted, the profile behind nearly straight to front of dorsal, the cranium above eye slightly convex. Eye as long as snout, 34 in head; mouth very small, with slender teeth; bones of head entire; preorbital moderate, entire, sheathing the maxillary; bones of head generally all covered with small scales; lateral line strongly arched, ceasing at root of caudal peduncle. Dorsal spines very strong, unequal; the third longest and strongest, one-third longer than head; the second and third thickened at base, longer than third, 14 in head. Soft rays of dorsal and anal high, but not produced, the first of dorsal slightly longer than last spine; the posterior outline of both fins almost vertical, the last rays rapidly shortened; soft dorsal and anal closely scaled at base, the margin naked; some scales on bases of dorsal spines, especially the last five, caudal very short, rounded, 14 in head. Pectorals long, nearly as long as head, reaching sixth soft ray of anal; ventrals large as long as head, inserted just before pectorals. Color gray, perhaps yellow in life; with broad dark black-edged cross bands, snout dusky, paler behind in front of eye; a broad black band dark-edged from front of dorsal across eye to suborbital region, next a pale area, broadened below, having the form of an inverted V, from second dorsal spine to ventral spine, then a broad dusky bar, covering space from third to seventh dorsal spine, this bordered before and behind by a narrow sharp black streak; a clear white or yellow band as wide.as eye from last dorsal spines to anal spines; a dark streak behind this, then a broad dusky space covering most No. 2392. NEW DEEP-SEA FISHES FROM HAWAII—JORDAN. §53 of soft dorsal and anal; a narrow black streak again behind this; then a narrow white band bounded again by a black streak extend- ing on dorsal and anal, the tips of the rays broadly white; a white bar, then a dark one across base of caudal, which is otherwise dusky. Middle of soft dorsal above with a jet-black ocellus larger than eye, Jain. Fic. 6.—LOA EXCELSA, NEW SPECIES. ringed with white; pectorals pale, dusky at base; ventral black, with the soft rays all black; the spine white; markings of body extended more or less on the fins. In general coloration and more or less in form this elegant fish resembles a common butterfly-fish or Kihikihi of Hawaii, Chaetodon lunula. The ocellus on the fin may disappear with age. From this 654 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. as from all other species of Chaetodon the present species differs generically in the extraordinary development of the spinous dorsal, which characterizes the genus Loa, named for the great volcano, the eruption of which brought this strange fish to light. Family PERISTEDIIDAE. PERISTEDION ENGYCEROS Gunther. Peristethus engycergas GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 663; ‘‘ Sandwich Islands”; Fische der Siidsee, p. 168. A large example, 134 inches long, in good condition, except being dried in the sun. It is apparently identical with Peristethus engy- ceros, described by Giinther, from ‘dried fragments from the Sand- wich Islands.” A second specimen of the same species, 6 inches long, identical with this in color and details, I find among the duplicates from the Albatross collection of 1902, described by Dr. C. H. Gilbert. Fic. 7.—PERISTEDION ENGYCEROS GUNTHER. In most respects these two specimens agree with Doctor Gilbert’s description and with such of the duplicates on which it is based, as have become part of the Stanford University collections. The differ- ences, however, indicate two distinct species, the second of which I propose to call Peristedion gilberti, taking as a type, Cat. No. 84102, U.S.N.M., obtained by the Albatross off Oahu or Maui. In Peristedion engyceros the prolongations of the snout are not quite parallel, but diverge visibly, being nearly half farther apart at tip than at base; the interorbital space is broader than the vertical diameter of the eye; the preopercular spine is 14 in the length of the prolonged spines: The dorsal rays are VII-22: anal, 22: pectoral, 13+2, reaching to the seventh lateral scute, 12 in head with the spines. Ventrals nearly reaching front of anal; pectoral considerably beyond. Body with four broad blackish cross bars, one under spinous dorsal; two under soft dorsal and one near base of caudal, the first broadest; 1 Deep Sea Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands, 1905, p. 639. + ot oe tr a ii se No. 2392. NEW DEEP-SEA FISHES FROM HAWAII—JORDAN. 655 no spots or reticulations; a dark area below eye; both dorsals narrowly but sharply edged with black; caudal blackish at base and tip; pec- toral black with a narrow white edge, the middle paler, lower parts pale. PERISTEDION GILBERTI, new species. Peristedion engyceros GILBERT, Deep Sea Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands, 1905, p. 639, Coasts of Oahu, Maui, Kauai, and Laysan Islands, 178 to 305 fathoms. The specimens examined by Dr. C. H. Gilbert, with the one excep- tion noted above, belong to a distinct though closely related species. Comparing these with Peristedion engyceros I note the following differences: Prolongations on snout, rigidly parallel, a little longer than in P. engyceros; the preopercular spine 12 in their length; interorbital width a little less than vertical diameter of eye; ventrals barely Fig. 8.—PROLONGATION ON SNOUT OF (@) PERISTEDION ENGYXEROS GUNTHER CONTRASTED WITH THAT OF (b) P. GILBERTI, NEW SPECIES. reaching front of anal; pectorals also a little shorter, reaching to fifth or sixth lateral plate. No dark bars anywhere on body or fins. In the largest example the body and fins are all pale, alike, no doubt pink in life. All the other examples have the upper parts marked with small olive spots regularly arranged, these giving place on the head to symmetrical fine olive streaks. In some, the pectoral and caudal are more or less specked with olive, in others quite plain. (Cat. No. 84102, U.S.N.M.) The following is Doctor Gilbert’s description of Peristedion engy- ceros, (not of Giinther): Length of head, measured from front of premaxillaries to opercular margin, 2.5 in length from front of premaxillaries to base of caudal; depth, 5.75; greatest width of head, 3.65. D. vii, 20 (rarely 21); A. 20; P. 14X2. The species differs strikingly from P. hians in the shape of the rostral processes, which are very slender, parallel, of nearly equal width throughout; the distance between them equals their length and is about half length of snout without them; width of the snout opposite anterior nostril equal to its length; interorbital space deeply concave, with a median groove, which widens posteriorly; a small postocular spine, a much stronger spine at end of occipital ridges, and small spines at end of paroccipital opercular crests; upper orbital rim spinulose along its entire length; . in the young are usually two preorbital spines which disappear in adults; behind 656 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. snout the lateral margins of head are expanded to form a thin knife edge, which leads to the long preopercular spine, the anterior limit of the expanded edge marked by a projecting spine, to the base of which runs a vertical ridge from front of eye and an oblique ridge from middle of lower orbital margin; all the plates of the head minutely prickly; on median portion of snout six or eight stronger hooked spines, distributed on the rostral ridges; interorbital width 0.65 diameter of eye, which is contained 4.4 times in head; premaxillaries protruding beyond mandible for a dis- tance equal to 0.2 length of head; length of maxillary contained 2.3 times in head and equal to the greatest external width at angles of mouth; the large barbel, when laid back, extending to base of ventral fins; along its anterior margin it bears a series of smaller barbels, mostly arranged in pairs, seven barbels, similar to these smaller ones, occurring on each side of symphysis, on lower lip and adjacent portions of mandi- ble; the most posterior of these, on the mandible, is always paired; mouth toothless; gill rakers 516 or 17, the terminal ones represented by papillae, spinous dorsal joined to soft dorsal at extreme base; pectorals long, reaching fifteenth plate along lateral line, length of upper ray equaling distance from tip of snout to front of pupil; upper free ray contained 2.25 times in head. Dorsal series of plates with strong backwardly hooked spines, which decrease in size posteriorly, almost disappearing on caudal peduncle, behind these two movable spines along base of upper caudal lobe; the upper lateral series of plates accompanies the lateral line, which opens externally in three pores for each plate, one above and two below the spine; behind the short anterior arch the spines are strong. Nine to 12 spines in front of middle of caudal peduncle bear at the base of the anterior side a short, strong, straight spine, directed obliquely forward; spines of ventral row of plates obsolescent, perceptible to the touch, but scarcely visible along course of anal fin; only two or three of the anterior plates of the series have well-developed spines. Dorsal series containing 29 to 30 plates, including 2 on base of caudal; 34 or 35 in upper lateral, 23 or 24 in lower lateral series, and 26 or 27 in ventral series, including 2 on base of caudal. A specimen in life was pink, with a yellowish tinge, the tips of rostral processes, the fins and long barbels deeper pink or almost scarlet, the tips of fins and ends of barbels white; breast and belly white; upper parts of head and body marked with fine olive dots and lines, those on head arranged regularly and symmetrically; some specimens appear nearly or wholly plain, without spots and lines, pectorals whitish, streaked or spotted with olive, anal marked with three indistinct narrow yellowish vertical bars; other fins unmarked. seit i a a ti it it te i A NEW SPECIES OF RAY FROM THE TEXAS COAST, AND REPORT OF THE OCCURRENCE OF A TOP MINNOW NEW TO THE FAUNA OF EASTERN TEXAS. By Asa C. CHANDLER, Of the Department of Biology, Rice Institute, Houston, Texas. In a collection of fishes received from Mr. Ira P. Cox at the Houston city market there was contained a specimen of ray which proved to be a new species. Two specimens were collected off the Galveston jetties in the Gulf of Mexico at a depth of between 5 and 10 fathoms, on November 17, 1920. The larger one, unfortunately, was not preserved, but the smaller one, a female, was sent to the Rice Institute with some other fishes. Examination showed that this species did not conform to any of those described by Jordan and Evermann, and no species to which it conforms could be found in the literature since the publication of Jordan and Evermann’s work in 1896. My hearty thanks are due to Prof. C. H. Gilbert, of Stanford University, for assistance in looking up this literature. The ray in question apparently occupies a position intermediate between R#. eglanteria of the Atlantic coast of the United States and R. ackleyi of the Yucatan banks, but differs from both these species in color and minor structural characteristics. RAIA TEXANA, new species. TEXAS RAY. Disk, including ventrals, about as long as broad, 12? inches in width in the type specimen, the total length 204 inches; widest region of disk very slightly behind middle. Posterior edge of pecto- rals convex, the anterior edge concave. Snout somewhat produced, its angle acute but bluntly rounded at tip. A broad, rhomboid, translucent, unpigmented space at either side of snout, the width between pigmented areas at sides equal to distance from tip of snout to eye; interorbital space concave, not quite 3 in this distance. Long diameter of eye 24 in interor- bital space. Spiracles larger than eyes and directly behind them. Mouth opposite a point just behind middle of eye. Nostrils small, their distance from corners of mouth about half the width of the PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSseEuM, VoL. 59—No. 2393. 27177—21—Proc.N.M.vol.59 42 657 . 658 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. mouth and in line with the corners of the mouth. Teeth in 50 rows in each jaw; the lateral teeth flat, the cusps becoming higher and sharper towards the median line. Entire under surface of head except just behind mouth covered with small spines, these very dense and forming a heavy shagreen towards tip of snout. Small spines on most of under surface of trunk, but sparse on abdomen behind pectoral girdle, and absent on under surfaces of pectoral and pelvic fins, tail, and ring around vent. Very fine spines on upper surface of rostral cartilage, head, anterior parts of pectoral fins, anterior part of trunk, and anterior third of tail. Upper surface of pectorals with very minute sparse spines, except distally, where they are smooth; pelvics smooth. A median series of larger spines along middle line of back and tail, these large between shoulders, small on middle of back, and larger again on rump and tail. Two lateral rows of irregularly alternating large and small curved spines on tail, and a J shaped row of larger spines bordering orbit anteriorly and medially, these extending back to middle of spiracle. Tail 10 inches in length from vent to tip, without lateral cutaneous folds. Dorsal fins of moderate size, separated by a space somewhat less than the length of either one; dorsal row of spines continued between them. Color uniform rich brown above, except translucent area at sides of snout. A single conspicuous, eye-like black spot, with well- marked pale yellow border, on pectoral fins, slightly behind broadest point and somewhat nearer middle line of body than edge of pectoral fin. Under surface plain white. Type.—Cat. No. 84162, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Off Galveston jetties, Gulf of Mexico. While dredging with a small net in a weedy pool in the coast prairie at Hardin, Liberty County, Texas, a single small specimen of top min- now (Zygonectes henshalli), 4 cm. in length, was obtained on January 8, 1921. This specimen conforms in every detail with the species as described by Jordan from the San Sebastian River in Southern Florida. The species has not hitherto been recorded outside of Florida, but its occurrence in the coast prairie of eastern Texas would indicate its existence along the entire Gulf coast from Florida to Texas. This specimen has been deposited in the United States National Museum. q NEW NEARCTIC SPIDER MITES OF THE FAMILY TETRANYCHIDAE. By H. E. Ewine, Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. Interest in the taxonomy of the spider mites (Tetranychidae) in the United States has been increased during the last few years for several reasons: First, because of the realization of their great economic importance; second, because of the danger of introducing many of the most injurious exotic species; and, third, because of the difficulty found in determining correctly the most common of our species. Following the earlier work of Banks and the later work of the present writer, McGregor undertook a systematic review of the American species, and examined more critically than had been done before those characters which alone are of real specific value. As a result of his investigations several mooted questions in regard to synonymy have been cleared up. Yet the task of revision has in no way been completed, for one is constantly finding new characters and new differences which change previous judgments in regard to many points. New species also exist within our borders, and foreign ones are constantly being brought to our shores. Hence the present writer has again taken up the difficult task of taxonomic investiga- tion of the different species, and as a result of this work here offers the description of eight new species. Genus OLIGONYCHUS Berlese. The genus Oligonychus Berlese (1886) is based upon a species represented as having the tarsi each provided, in addition. to the tenent hairs, with a simple claw and a deflexed plumose, claw-like structure. This type of tarsal armature must be very rare in the spider mites, for recent workers have dropped the genus Oligonychus because they knew of no species having the tarsal appendages of the type shown by Berlese. During the last year the writer has observed two species with a deflexed, plumose, claw-like appendage to each trasus. These species also show other characters which allies them with the type species of Oligonychus. They are here described. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 59—No. 2394. . 659 660 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 59. OLIGONYCHUS AMERICANUS, new species. Plate 125, fig. 1. A small species. Preserved specimens yellowish and not showing maculations. Mandibular plate broad, being about two-fifths as broad as long, not emarginate in front but with a deep V-shaped notch behind. Palpal thumb not swollen and not exceeding palpal claw; terminal finger moderate, about one-third as broad as thumb. Legs moderate; anterior pair exceeding the palpi by half their length; posterior pair extending beyond the tip of abdomen by the full length of tarsi and one-half the length of their tibiae. Simple claw of each tarsus almost as long as width of tarsus, with basal half but slightly and distal half strongly curved; deflexed claw about half as long and half as thick as simple claw, and with at least three hair-like barbs on its outer side. Length, 0.82 mm.; width, 0.19 mm. Type locality—Experimental Farm, Saskatchewan, Canada. Type slide—Cat. No. 24026, U.S.N.M. Described from specimens on a single type slide. This species differs from O. minimus Targioni-Tozzetti in having the deflexed claw pectinate on the outside and from the following new species, to be described; in being much smaller, more slender, and in its habits. The species occurs on leaves of spruce and does considerable injury. OLIGONYCHUS MAJOR, new species. Plate 125, fig. 2. Preserved specimens yellowish, or yellowish brown; body clothed with conspicuous minutely pectinate, curved setae. Mandibular plate about one-half as broad as long, not emarginate in front, but with a deep V-shaped notch behind. Thumb of palpus not sur- passing claw; -apical finger medium in thickness, slightly over one- third the width of thumb. Legs medium; anterior pair extending beyond tips of palpi by over one-half their length; posterior pair extending beyond the tip of abdomen by length of tarsionly. Simple tarsal claw scarcely as long as width of tarsus; slightly curved near its base, but strongly curved toward its tip; deflexed claw about one-half as stout and two-thirds as long as simple claw and with three to five prongs on outer side. Tenent hairs exceeding simple claw by almost one-half their length and terminated with distinct knobs. Length, 0.35 mm.; width, 0.21 mm. Type locality.—Y arrow Experiment Station, Rockville, Maryland. Type slide.—Cat. No. 24027, U.S.N.M. Described from specimens on type slide. This species is very similar to O. americanus, but is much larger and of a different shape, and occurs on a host not closely related to the host of the latter. This species infests the avocado. Dg a ama Da a ica a at i ak il il a i a i | oe * Ppa h ak te St ae oS No. 2394. NEW NEARARCTIC SPIDER MITES—EWING. 661 Genus BRYOBIA Koch. Two species of this genus, B. pratensis Garman and B. pallida Garman, have been described in the past as new from the United States. The description of B. pallida was soon recognized as being based on immature individuals of B. pratensis; but for many years in this country the name, B. pratensis, has been held valid, being the scientific designation of our common brown mite, or so-called clover mite. Prior to the year 1911 the present writer sent a specimen of B. pratensis to Dr. A. C. Oudemans, the noted Dutch acarologist, for comparison with European forms. As a result of his comparisons he decided that our B. pratensis was only a synonym of B. cristata Dugés. This is the synonymy which he gives in a printed article published in the same year. In 1914 Ivar Trigardh, a Swedish authority, published the results of his extended taxonomic study of the genus Bryobia. In his English summary he gives the following pertinent statement in regard to synonymy in the genus: All the different species described by Koch, G. Canestrini, F. Fanzago, Berlese, Thomas, and Garman under the name of praetiosa, speciosa, nobilis, gloriosa, ribis, and pratensis, must be referred to praetiosa Koch, being mere variations and different instars of that species. Trigardh for the first time ascertained the variations due to growth in the old species of Koch, as well as the individual variations found in the adults of the same species; and as a result of this has not only given us his very valuable list of synonyms, but has shown to what extent one can depend upon such variable characters as must be used in specific diagnosis. Jor the present it appears it is better to confine all descriptions of new species to adult, egg-bearing females. The variations, which are very great in the genus, must. be worked out later for the different species. There has accumulated in the United States National Museum a large number (many hundreds) of Bryobia specimens from almost all parts of the United States. A survey of this material shows, after eliminating variations due to growth by confining examinations exclusively to adult females, and after making all due allowances for individual variations noted by Trigardh, that one can recognize at least three forms here. One of these, the common brown mite, B. praectiosa, is distributed over most of the country and appears to be the only species found east of the Mississippi River. Beisdes this form there occurs in the west another and in the southwest a third. The differences between these are, in the writer’s opinion, of specific 662 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. importance, as is indicated in the following key to three forms of Bryobia: a.! Mandibular plate emarginate in front; cephalothoracic plate much broader than long. b.! Inner tubercles of cephalothoracic plate, as seen in egg-bearing females, united for about half their length, and bearing squamous setae almost as large as those lof the outerstubercles 2.22 83.905%, 33. RI955 AGS. B. praetiosa Koch. b.2 Inner tubercles, as seen in adult females, united for at least three-fourths their length, and tipped with squamous setae much smaller than those of the outer tubercles, cephalothoracic plate less than one-third as long as cephalo- CUOPEK: -/52- Loerie -b easier. te Seeeee ee 2 B. -brevicornis, new species. a.2 Mandibular plate not emarginate in front; cephalothoracic plate, as seen in egg- bearing females, about as long from base to tips of inner tubercles as it is broad, and fully equal in length to one-half the length of cephalothorax B. longicornis, new species, Descriptions of these two new Bryobias are here given: BRYOBIA BREVICORNIS, new species. Plate 125, fig. 3. Adults brownish red and similar in markings to B. praetiosa. Body about three-fourths as broad aslong. Cephalothorax over twice as broad as long; two eyes on each side above second pair of legs, both with cornea; anterior eye about three-fourths the diameter of posterior one. Cephalothoracic plate showing much variation, but always, in the case of egg-bearing females, much broader than long; inner tubercles projecting much in front of lateral ones, united from three- fourths to their entire length, and bearing scales decidedly smaller than those on outer tubercles. Mandibular plate about twice as long as broad and conspicuously notched. Abdomen widest somewhat behind the shoulder region and evenly rounded behind. Front legs equal to the body in length; tarsi provided with two claws (onychial claws), each bearing a pair of tenent hairs, which arise from near the base; and a few hair-like elements, which spring from below the bases of claws. Tarsi of the other legs without tenent hairs and with the hair-like elements below the claws developed into a comb. Length of adult females, 0.69 mm.; width, 0.52 mm. Type locality—Tempe, Arizona. Type slide—Cat. No. 23756, U.S.N.M. Described from egg-bearing females on type slide. Three other slides are also in the Museum collection. The specimens were col- lected by Wildermuth from alfalfa. BRYOBIA LONGICORNIS, new species. Plate 125, fig. 4. In general appearance similar to praestiosa and brevicornis, but somewhat larger. Cephalothorax over twice as broad as long; two eyes on each side, the larger posterior pair either without cornea, or No. 2394. NEW NEARARCTIC SPIDER MITES—EWING. 663 with a very thin and indistinct cornea. Cephalothoracic plate very large, and, as seen in egg-bearing females, about as long from base to tips of inner tubercles as broad, and fully equal in length to one-half the length of cephalothorax; inner tubercles but slightly surpassing the outer, separated from the latter by emarginations which extend almost to the base of the plate, and bearing scales considerably smaller than those of the outer tubercles. (There is much variation in the size of these inner tubercles, and the tubercle on one side may be decidedly larger than its fellow on the other side, also the emarginations may entirely separate the outer tubercles from the inner.) Mandibular plate about three-fifths as broad as long and broadest at the base, nar- rowly rounded in front, and without frontal emargination except in rare instances. Abdomen usually broadest somewhat back of the shoulders and broadly rounded behind. Anterior legs distinctly longer than the body and provided at their tips with the usual arma- ture. The much shorter remaining pairs are also provided with the usual tarsal appendages. Length of egg-bearing females, 0.81 mm.; width, 0.53 mm. Type locality.— Ashland, Nebraska. Type slide.—Cat. No. 23767, U.S.N.M. Described from egg-bearing females on type slide. This species differs from praetiosa and brevicornis in a number of details, the most important difference being in the great size of the cephalothoracic plate and in its shape. The specimens on the type slide were taken on Dutchman’s breeches (Bikukulla cucullana (Linnaeus)). Genus RAPHIGNATHUS Dugés. In this genus the integument is reticulate. The individuals are stout, with short legs and large tarsal claws. About a dozen species are known, three of which have been described from this country. RAPHIGNATHUS VIRIDIS, new species. Plate 125, fig. 5. Preserved specimens green throughout; body circular in outline. Cephalothorax slightly smaller than abdomen and separated from the latter by an evenly curved groove. Palpi large, surpassing the beak by one-third their length; palpal thumb small but with setae as long as the palpal claw. Abdomen broader than long, with integument reticulate, as it is on the cephalothorax, but not pitted in either case. Dorsal setae straight, simple, and stout, longest on the posterior mar- gin of abdomen, where they extend to the tips of the tarsi of posterior legs. Legs stout; anterior pair considerably longer than the others and extending beyond the tips of palpi by the full length of their tarsi; posterior legs quite short, extending beyond the margin of the body by the full length of their tarsi and one-half the length of the tibiae. 664 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. Tarsal claws stout, as in other species of the genus; empodial hairs very fine, a single pair surpassing the tarsal claws. Length, 0.36 mm.; width, 0.26 mm. Type locality—Parker, Llinois. Type slide.—Cat. No. 24028, U.S.N.M. Described from a single specimen, the type. This species is dis- tinguished at once from the three other described species in having the dorsal setae setiform and not clavate. Specimens were collected in moss by L. M. Smith. Genus SYNCALIGUS Berlese. This genus, formerly known as Caligonus, has recently been divided by Berlese into three. For the two new genera the names, Homo- caligus and Caligonella, have been suggested. The wisdom of making this division may well be questioned, hence the genus name is here used in its former broader sense. SYNCALIGUS TRIDENTIFER, new species. Plate 125, fig. 6. Preserved specimens yellow. A well-armed species. Cephalo- thorax with four pairs of large, simple, slightly curved setae; a frontal pair, a pair just inside and in front of the eyes, and two pairs behind and lateral to the eyes. The single pair of eyes is situated above second pair of legs, but inward from lateral margins of body. Cheli- cerae exceedingly sharp and needle-like, but with two chelae each. Palpi stout, each with strongly curved claw at tip. At the base of palpal claw on the inside is a small clawlike chitinous projection of penultimate segment. Palpal thumb cylindrical and not reaching tip of claw; terminal seta or finger ending in three prongs, two being somewhat lateral in position; other setae of thumb conspicuous. Abdomen with nine pairs of dorsal setae arranged as follows: Five pairs forming two longitudinal rows, two pairs on shoulders, one pair above last pair of legs and not far from margin of body, and a lateral, subterminal pair. Legs medium to stout; anterior pair extending beyond the palpi by the full length of their tarsi and a third the length of their tibiae; posterior pair extending beyond the tip of abdomen by over one-half theirlength. Tarsal claws large and stout, those of leg one about one-half as long as tarsus; empodial hairs fine, two of them slightly exceeding the claws. Length, 0.49 mm.; width, 0.27 mm. Type locality—St. Paul, Minnesota. Type slide-—Cat. No. 24029, U.S.N.M. Described from a single specimen selected as the type. This species is closely related to S. mali (Ewing), a very serious pest on apple trees in Oregon. It is probably a vegetable feeder, although found under a log, where it probably was hibernating, as specimens were taken November 8. ‘ ; { ; * i- 4 ee 2 eee No, 2394, NEW NEARARCTIC SPIDER MITES—EWING. 665 SYNCALIGUS QUERCUS, new species. Plate 125, fig. 7. A small, yellowish species. Beak prominent; chelicerae very sharp and needlelike, but each with two arms. Palpi rather short and stout; claw rather strongly hooked toward the distal end; thumb cylindrical, but slightly surpassing the claw and without three cleft distal spine or finger. Abdomen with a few rather long, curved setae. Legs moderate; claws large; empodium with very fine hairs none of which appear to extend beyond the claws. Length, 0.20 mm.; width, 0.12 mm. Type locality Piermont, New York. Type.—Cat. No. 23778, U.S.N.M. Two slides are in the United States National Museum collections, both with the same date. This species can be distinguished from S. mali (Ewing) and S. tridentifer, new species, by the absence of the three-prolonged spine on palpal thumh. It is distinguished from S. cardinalis (Ewing) by having the palpal claw almost as long as the thumb, while in S. cardinalis the claw is so reduced as to be almost esvtigial. Specimens were taken from leaves of oak by N. Banks (%). TETRANYCHINA TRITICI, new species. Plate 125, figs. 8 and 9. A medium-sized reddish brown, or sometimes greenish, species with long front legs. Cephalothorax very broad and separated from the abdomen by a distinct but not conspicuous groove. Two eyes, or corneas, on each side of cephalothorax, near lateral border; corneas of equal size and situated approximate; ocular pigment deep carmine. Cephalothorax provided above with apparently four pairs of pectinate setae; one pair on the front margin, one just in front of eyes, one pair median to eyes and one pair near the middle of cephalothorax. A pair of tracheal horns is located at the front margin of cephalothorax. They are situated below the front setae and are about one-half as long as the latter. Mouth parts conspicuous; mandibular plate over twice as long as broad and not notched in front; palpal thumb exceeding claw, not swollen, and bearing at its tip several small setae. Abdo- men evenly rounded behind, broadest at the shoulders, and sparsely clothed with short, indistinctly pectinate setae. Legs long, par- ticularly the first pair, which is longer than the body; last pair next in length, then third pair, while the second pair is the shortest. Tarsus and tibia of leg 1 about equal; tarsus provided with a long pair of tactile setae near its tip. Tarsal claw single, but provided with a double comb .of knobbed hairlike appendages, each comb consisting of about 10 filaments. Tenent hairs as.usual. Length (about), 0.5 mm.; width (about), 0.3 mm. 666 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. Type locality.—Idaho. Type slide—Cat. No. 24030, U.S.N.M. Described from individuals on type slide. This species is at once separated from our other two species of Tetranychina, T. harti Ewing (= T. macdonoughi McGregor), and T. apicalis Banks, and also from T. superba (Canestrini), by the absence of seta-bearing tubercles on the back. According to Mr. Wakeland, who sent in the specimens of this species, it causes very serious injury to wheat. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 125. (Drawings were made by the writer.) Fie. 1. Oligonychus americanus, new species. End of tarsus IV (camera lucida drawing with oil immersion lens). Fie. 2. Oligonychus major, new species. Tarsal claw (camera lucida drawing with oil immersion lens). ¥Fia. 3. Bryobia brevicornis, new pects: Dorsal view of cephalothorax (drawing from egg-bearing female). Fic. 4. Bryobia longicornis, new species. Dorsal view of cephalothorax (drawing from egg-bearing female). Fie. 5. Raphignathus viridis, new species. Seta from dorsum of abdomen. Fic. 6. Syncaligus tridentifer, new species. Last three segments of left palpus from below (14-inch eyepiece and one-sixth ocular used). Fie. 7. Syncaligus quercus, new. species. Right palpus from below (drawn with camera). Fia. 8. Tetranychina tritici, new species. Right front leg from above (camera drawing). Fia. 9. Tetranychina tritici, new species. ‘Tip of tarsus of first leg on right side (camera lucida drawing with oil immersion lens). U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 59 PL. 125 New NEARTIC SPIDER MITES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 666 LUDWIGITES FROM IDAHO AND KOREA. By Eari V. SHANNON, Assistant Curator, Department of Geology, United States National Museum. INTRODUCTION. The ferric magnesian borate, ludwigite, which was described by Tschermak in 1874 as a new species from Hungary, was regarded as a rare mineral for 40 years. Within the past few years, however, ludwigite and closely related members of the ludwigite group have been described from six localities in the United States. Recently ludwigites from two additional localities have been received at the United States National Museum. These have been analyzed in the Museum laboratory and are described in some detail below. LUDWIGITE FROM LEMHI COUNTY, IDAHO. The specimen of ludwigite from Lemhi County, Idaho (catalogue number 94,145), is labeled “‘Copper ore, Bruce Estate.”’ No further information accompanies the specimen. Umpleby’ mentions that a group of claims known as the Bruce Estate extends along the moun- tain slope near its summit for 2 miles south from Dry Gulch in the Texas district. Lead-silver ore is reported from several claims, but the most interesting feature is a big low-grade copper deposit found in association with large quantities of magnetite. The deposit occurs on the side of a big dike, which is called “syenite” by the miners, but which is probably quartz-diorite, as an abundance of the latter and none of the former was noted in the bowlders in the gulches below. Description and associated minerals.—The hand specimen is about half light gray and half black in color. The light gray portion is seen in thin section under the microscope to consist of a fabric of idiomorphic crystals of colorless diopside, with interstitial areas of calcite partly replaced by ludwigite, chalcopyrite, and bornite. The ludwigite forms irregular masses and prismatic needles, which are, for the most part, opaque, but which are transparent when very thin. The borate and the ore minerals are intergrown in a manner suggest- ing contemporaneous deposition. The darker colored portion of the 1 Umpleby, J. B., U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 528, p. 89, 1913. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 59—No. 2395. 668 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. specimen appears to the unaided eye to be made up of pure ludwigite containing irregular masses of bornite. Under the microscope the ludwigite is seen to contain disseminated crystals and ragged grains of diopside. In the replacement of the calcite-diopside rock by ludwigite and sulphides the calcite has been selectively replaced before the diopside was attacked, and residual diopside crystals showing sharp idiomorphic boundries occur embedded in a mass of ludwigite and bornite. In an advanced stage of the replacement the diopside has been attacked and the crystal outlines destroyed. Physical properties—To the unaided eye the Idaho lugwigite is black in color, with a very fine felted structure, in which the fibrous structure is too fine to be detected by the unaided eye, but is mani- fested by a faint silky luster, which might easily be overlooked, and the material might readily be mistaken for magnetite. The hardness is above 5, as the mineral scratches apatite with ease, but is itself scratched by orthoclase. The streak is moderately dark greenish- brown. The material is not notably attracted by an ordinary magnet of the horseshoe type. Optical properties.—The ludwigite is transparent in very thin frag- ments and is intensely pleochroic in tones of brown parallel to the elongation and grass green perpendicular to it. The birefringence is moderate, while the indices of refraction are high. The extinction is parallel to the elongation of the prisms. Pyrognostics and chemical properties.—This ludwigite yields a small amount of water in the closed tube, all of which is probably extraneous. It is soluble slowly but cornpiaesey in sulphuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids. When moistened with sulphuric acid it gives the green flame of boron. Composition.—The material for analysis was hand selected and was contaminated by small grains of included impurities. The purest pieces of the felted aggregate were selected, ground in an agate mortar, and a small amount of magnetite extracted with a magnet. The remaining material upon analysis yielded the following results: Analysis of Ludwigite from Lemhi Cownty, Idaho. Ria (SAG) = Bee pe aie ia 8 era acre ee nae orga ener hk aie 0. 90 Remre oxide (HecO,)-: csccac se. ao oe ee oe ee ee Re ee 35. 90 BRIMTPETTENL CA Oe) ec viore 5 ee wie eines RS ee gg ee Den ee ee 2. 08 Ferrous oxide (FeO).......-.----- PERI SOEs) EA LY SOs oars ot 5. 14 Magnesia (MpO)}aooak. LaMar. ROS 2882s [. TRUST. ANETOS. SON 36. 42 Limb) (GaQ)< scrleeed eosteaerte:: -o78-soles dard- ap pee i320 -teete-6 Trace. Mancanous.oxide (MnO). 8 erie yong efanasrrve ay -aclt Saat SERIE Trace. Op Pier ORE (OUD es a oes ee 3c tae ns a a ale 2. 87 Bone anlivarie 4 Da0,) 2ens ese 2 cme Soa ae a <2 eS ene ee 14. 59 Water (H,O) —106° C... ... J. <2 2 -gras ee op oep de Govice 90-8" Ar nee ae . 03 Water (HO) L059 Co wie iene rerertarerrararat inna sarran satan nw ee an aera eaten 2. 28 Sulphur (S).@@8R .A TRA 20M SMWOCUN, JAMOITAY! of. 01 SORIGAZOORS -.-- 22 No. 2395. LUDWIGITES FROM IDAHO AND KOREA—SHANNON. 669 Since several of the constituents which are present in minor amounts are obviously present as impurities, it is difficult to decide which of these should be included as essential to the ludwigite. The copper and sulphur are certainly extraneous, a part of the former and all of the latter being present as bornite. The presence of the bornite introduces some error into the analysis, as it itself contains ferrous iron, and the hydrogen sulphide formed by the action of hydrochloric acid upon it would naturally reduce some ferric iron to the ferrous state. The copper in excess of bornite is probably present as thin staining films of chrysocolla or malachite. These impurities are, however, present in too minor amounts to affect the broader ratios of the ludwigite. The constituents which are probably essential to the mineral yield the following ratios: Ratios of Ludwigite from Lemhi County, Idaho. | Constituent. Per cent. Ratios. GOH. £2) SARE PAR Aik Asad BOE AUT LEAR te eee 5.14 | 0.0715 - e 4 MgO Gs rae er ng a RM, eM Oe et ge 36. 42 x gu30yo745 9.75 1.08X4 Beas PARE ESCA : Oi EPI ee PEN I RU ee Se 35.90 | .2247 2247 2.25 1.00X1 SO nar te ee oS Ns 8 Oe oe eee OE ton 2.08 | .0204 move YT EC SO UING SSO OF. | 14550 | longs}2288 2.29 1.02x1 94. 13 The general formula derived from these ratios is, then— 4(Mg, Fe)O. Fe,0;. B,O,. Following Schaller this composition may be interpreted as an iso- morphous mixture of magnesioludwigite and ferroludwigite in the molecular proportions of approximately 7 parts of the former to 3 of the latter; or the material is, by weight, 68 per cent magnesio- ludwigite and 32 per cent ferroludwigite. The essential constituents given above are below recalculated to 100 per cent and compared with the percentages calculated for a mixture of this composition. Found. | Calculated. | Ig Oe et reamed Meee hs UN es Ss atk cediaanyostccaaekaor 38. 69 37. 26 BOs... Tek. We SLE ik ease ens. Deni... .foeind | 5. 46 | 5. 38 Boros ecco 2 cece eee sees cenceceececereceeeceseceecsesececeenegges | 38. 14 | 39. 88 BS. Gd. CEL STIL | STS. GEAOTI SRG RE 2 epee ST Se oO Vie eee UPA NS 15.50 |} 1771 | ne Mint sik Sumo te, Mere ans Lae Msgr LS Ae a een a Ie | 100.00 | 100. 00 The material is thus higher in the magnesioludwigite molecule than any ludwigite yet analyzed except the end member itself. LUDWIGITE FROM KOREA, inraducinn the United States National Museum has received from Mr. J. Morgan Clements several specimens labeled ilvaite from Heoth 1 Kol Mine, Korea. (Cat. No. 93729 U.S.N.M.) Since the 670 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. mineral was obviously the same which Koto had called ilvaite? and Higgins had * had described as a new species under the name “coll- branite,’”’ its investigation was deemed necessary. Analysis has shown the material in each of the several specimens to be ludwigite.+ Occurrence.—The occurrence of the ludwigite has been well de- scribed by both Koto and Higgins in the papers cited, although both authors erred in their identification of the mineral. The deposit, which is mined for gold and copper, occurs as irregular masses of lime-silicate minerals at the contact of granite with limestone. The lime-silicate hornfels in irregularly impregnated with ludwigite, bornite, and chalcopyrite, mingled with some chalcopyrite and a little galena and magnetite. The less metamorphosed limestone contains a little diopside and a uniaxial variety of serpentine, while the more intensely altered phase consists of about equal volumes of calcite and contact-metamorphic minerals. This is impregnated with auriferous sulphides in addition to the ludwigite and diopside, the ludwigite-bearing limestone being the ore body of the Hol Gol Mine. Local bodies of diopside rock and of garnetite occur in the ore-bearing zone. Muscovite is mentioned by Koto as occurring in the ore while, according- to Higgins, phlogopite is very abundant, masses of pure phlogopite many tons in weight being encountered at times. It is evident from the descriptions that the ludwigite is common and present in large amount in the mine. Description of associated minerals.—The specimens examined by the writer are all very similar in appearance, all consisting of sheaves and rosettes of shining black needles of ludwigite embedded in a white or grayish-white granular groundmass. The aggregates of the ludwigite may reach a centimeter in maximum diameter and are rather uniformly disseminated in their matrix. When examined under the microscope in thin section this matrix is seen to consist in the main of calcite in large twinned grains with disseminated irregular grains of colorless diopside. All of the grains of calcite when at the position of extinction between crossed nicols, show numerous minute flakes of a mineral resembling tale as though some magnesia in the original limestone had separated out in this form during metamorphism. Small masses and grains of bornite are visible in one specimen. None of these are included in the thin sections studied and no other ore minerals were seen. The lud- wigite is included in the calcite and does not encroach upon the 2 Koto, B., Geology and Ore Deposits of the Hol-Gol Gold Mine, Journal College Science, Imperial Univ- Tokyo, vol. 27, art. 12, 1910. 3 Higgins, D. F., Geology and Ore Deposits of the Collbran Contact, Suan Mining Concession, Korea. Economic Geology, vol. 13, p. 19, 1918. 4 The analysis has already been published with a short note identifying collbranite with ludwigite. Shan- non, E. V., Amer. Mineral, vol. 6, p. 87, 1921. No. 2395. LUDWIGITES FROM IDAHO AND KOREA—SHANNON. 671 diopside. Koto® concludes that the ludwigite was first deposited, followed by the diopside, after which the deposition of the sulphides and recrystallization of the calcite took place. Physical properties.—The ludwigite is entirely black in color in the hand specimen and consists of radiating or divergent aggregates of prismatic fibers. The luster is silky. The hardness is about 5.2-5.5. The streak is greenish to brownish-black and is distinctly darker than that of the Idaho ludwigite. A peculiar property of this ludwigite is its magnetism. When powdered to 60 mesh all of the particles can be picked up with a common horseshoe magnet. When powdered very finely and examined under the microscope no magnetite inclu- sions were found in the mineral and no magnetite was visible on polished surfaces, so that the magnetic property must belong to the borate itself. This is further discussed below. Optical properties—Under the microscope very thin needles are transparent, but are very deeply colored, distinctly more so than the Idaho material described above. They are markedly pleochroic, the color parallel to the elongation being brown and that perpendicular to it green, the absorption being greatest in the former direction. Owing to the deep color of the mineral the birefringence is greatly obscured and the optical character could not be determined. ‘The indices of refraction are higher than the range of immersion media at hand. Pyrognostics and chemical properties—The mineral yields water (extraneous) in the closed tube. It is slowly soluble in hydrochloric, nitric, and sulphuric acids, and gives the usual reactions for boron and iron. Chemical composition.—The ludwigite was separated from the accompanying gangue material by the use of heavy solutions. The relatively pure material thus obtained was analyzed with the follow- ing results: Analysis of ludwigite from Korea. SHAMS sens) 2k Ss Sa BM PEAT) in TION OR eee Se ae sie ae ae 0. 40 HGERIGRO MIO GONE a eae sess os ae aie hee paes He agers wis yes eS Soe ios wet 32. 49 Minin a Cis alae. fo es acre eis n so Petes ae IS Re ctor oe een 2°32 Bore amy drideidss Os) senate ae ee LA eee A SI e228 16. 80 Herrbusioxide (hare fF sa. it. SFSU SUSE LOLS ria. Ee 10. 40 Dame’ (CaQ) he tee. a etoees - leeds nash. flepeete r.-cielih -ss.06 1. 86 MIR Pa NOUR OLAC (NLD Oe ee ee lao tip e apna wie inie a . 36 NTT ORUY (OMIOUD Ihr Peers os Se aie Sting poss scajac/ac nina bi olatatha ge icla Ste ah 34. 54 acer (Ch no) aOVG NEU Craters ee ie nets ote Se cnet tne ee tsainie Ciain: = 12S 1.42 DN be pa a rae PSone hte as ISIS SIR eens freA Ie OSE] eS a rate 100. 59 Of the above constituents the silica, water, and lime are quite probably extraneous, the silica and lime being doubtless derived 6 Koto, Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, 1910, p. 23. 672 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 59. from the included gangue and the water being adsorbed. The remain- ing constituents yield ratios as follows: Ratios of ludwigite from Korea. Reiter a Tle Otek eel ee eee 0. 2034 Pie Oo rae eee een eee ene! "9297 (0 2261 0.931 Bee ee ea ere ae eee eae ere 2400 .2400 .99X1 MEO WATS THOOEA Sf DANG ADB RMON = 8566 .8566 1.04X3.4 Po sirotwinill sids. to. Winget alos. A ae . 1448 MO cantaite are 2d $e Ae. Reece OA) eewieee.b “oosi . 1499 1.04 AG These ratios place the Korean ludwigite as a member of the ferro- ludwigite-magnesioludwigite series having three parts ferroludwigite to 2 parts of magnesioludwigite. PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED LUDWIGITES. LUDWIGITE (FERROLUDWIGITE) Hungary. The original ludwigite described by Tschermak® was from Mora- wicza in the Banat, Hungary. Here it occurs embedded in a crystal- line limestone with irregularly distributed masses of magnetite. The magnetite occurs intimately intermixed with the ludwigite. The material is fibrous and blackish-green to black in color. The formula derived by Tschermak from the analysis is 3MgO.B,0,FeO.Fe,O,. Whitfield later analyzed material from this locality and, considering the water essential, arrived at the formula 3RO.R,O, with R =Mg,- Fe,H, and R,=B and Fe.” Schaller® later confirmed the results and formula of Tschermak. PINAKIOLITE, SWEDEN. Pinakiolite as described by Flink ® occurs at Langban, Wermland, Sweden, in bands in granular dolomite with hausmannite, etc. The formula deduced from the analysis is analogous to that of ludwigite, 3MgO.B,0,.Mn0.Mn,0,. LUDWIGITE, MONTANA. Ludwigite was found by Calkins ® to occur abundantly with magnetite and forsterite in a contact-metamorphic deposit in lime- stone at the Redemption iron mine in the Philipsburg district in Montana. This material has been analyzed by Schaller ‘t who found it to contain more magnesia and less ferrous iron than the original Hungarian ludwigite. He assigned to the Montana material the formula 3MgO.B,O,.(Mg,Fe)O.Fe,O, and predicted the existence 6 Tschermak, G., Min. Mitth., vol. 59, 1874. 7 Whitfield, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 34, p. 284, 1887. 8 Schaller, W. T., U.S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 490, p. 30, 1911. 9 Flink, G., Zs. Kryst., vol. 18, p. 361, 1890. 10 Calkins, F. C., Geology and Ore Deposits of the Philipsburg quadrangle, Montana. U.S. Geol. Sur- vey, Prof. Paper 78, p. 162, 1913. Schaller, W. T., U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 490, p 28. No. 2395. LUDWIGITES FROM IDAHO AND KOREA—SHANNON. 673 of a magnesia member free from ferrous iron, this molecule being in excess in the Montana material and having the formula 3MgO.B,0,;.MgO.Fe,0,. MAGNESIOLUDWIGITE, UTAH. Magnesioludwigite, the magnesia end-member of the ludwigite group predicted by Schaller from his work on the Montana ludwigite, was found by Butler in nearly pure form in the Mountain Lake mine in Utah *. The material is ivy-green in color and it occurs in a con- tact metamorphosed limestone with ordinary ludwigite, magnetite, ete. LUDWIGITE, UTAH. Ludwigites which are apparently ordinary in composition and contain ferrous iron have been found in several localities in the Cottonwood-American Fork area in Utah %. The mineral occurs in large amounts mixed with magnetite and lime silicates in contact metamorphosed limestones. The material from these occurrences has not been analyzed. VONSENITE, CALIFORNIA. Vonsenite, described by Eakle “ from Riverside County, California is a member of the ludwigite group which is much higher in iron than other members of the group, even the pure ferroludwigite end member as is shown by the following comparison: Ferrolud- Vonsenite.| wigite, theory. Oa sereic ise oe oe Ee oe soos eis wise Oa SERED RECEP EL Rites Se ppnow ae aes ee sane 14,12 16.6 BRS OS ey ee tt Pe ce ES kee Bly Le ae on DR eters: nee pare eee sae Ree oe 34. 82 37.9 Oe ee ee es ate se ee = = agtgdacepemes = Sok ape on ane dame tcc ee 10. 71 28. 5 SOE i eae eee e ec ciao nae Sonat Wetman sees MEISE se Sete sialclele see eine soa eeeree 39. 75 17.0 | 99. 40 | 100.0 The material occurs with magnetite in contact zones in limestone. GENERAL DISCUSSION. The above descriptions include all known occurrences of the minerals of the ludwigite group. The compositions of those which have been analyzed may be expressed by the following formulas: Ludwigite (ferroludwigite), Hungary. ---..........-- 3Mg0O.B,03.FeO.Fe,03. Magnesioludwigite; Witahs-.o%- 05: oyack oe -=45aece- 3Mg0.B,0;.Mg0.Fe,0.. Pinalksolite SSareden-e yo sss os ice oe ee 2 hoe 3Mg0.B,0,.Mn0.Mn,0,. Vonsenite, Calitormia;. 22 228 ist Sit ong c ice enc 3(Fe,Mg}0.B,03.FeO.Fe,0,. Hadwieite; Momtaiinsass 23, 335 Se cs ae ons Sakehe ote ae 3Mg0.B,0,.(Mg,Fe)O.Fe,0,. Imdwigite, Tdahett 20011... eR OC eer IOL 3Mg¢g0.B,0,.(Mg,Fe)O.Fe,0,. Lad wigite; Kotea J Diteiaiaseed. e: stebivs wuld 3Mg0.B,0,.(Fe,Mg)O.Fe,O,. 12 Butler, B. S., and Schaller, W. T., Magnesioludwigite,a new mineral. Wash. Acad. Sci. Journ., vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 29-31, 1917. 138 Butler, B. S., Ore Deposits of Utah. Prof. Paper U.S. Geological Survey, no. 111, p. 243, 1920. 14 Fakle, Arthur S., Vonsenite, a preliminary note on anew mineral. Amer. Mineral., vol. 5, p. 141, 1920. 27177—21—Proce.N.M.vol.59—— 43 674 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 59. The above type of formula was adopted by Tschermak and con- tinued by Flink and Schaller. It is supported by the ratios of the three end members thus far found. The ratio of B,O, to Fe,Q, seems invariably constant. It is possible to interchange the ratios of the bivalent bases, however, and the minerals can almost equally well be expressed by any of the following formula types: 3RO.B,O,. RO.¥Fe,0,; 2RO.B,O,. 2RO.Fe,0,; RO.B,O;. 3RO.Fe,O;. The general formula for the group is thus 4(Mg,!"e,Mn)O. (B,Al),0,. (Fe,Mn,Al),O3. The formula as written by Tschermak for the original ludwigite (ferroludwigite) assumes 1 molecule of trimagnesium borate, 3MgO, B,O,, plus 1 molecule of ferrous ferrate, FeO.Fe,O,; while Schaller deduces for magnesioludwigite 1 molecule of trimagnesium borate plus 1 of magnesian ferrate, MgO.Fe,O,. Pinakiolite, which is the best evidence in support of the above type of formula, is written 1 molecule of trimagnesium borate plus 1 of manganous manganate. Vonsenite, as written by Eakle, obviously does not agree with this series. An interesting hypothesis is developed from the observation that the ludwigite from Korea, described above, is decidely magnetic. lt is to be remembered that the molecule ferrous ferrate is the magnetite molecule, and it is quite conceivable that this compound might preserve its magnetic properties even when united chemically with the borate molecule in a ludwigite. Assuming, for the sake of discussion, that in ludwigites which are markedly magnetic the ferrous iron is present as ferrous ferrate, while in those which are not notably magnetic the ferrous iron is present as borate, the following formulas may be written for the several occurrences: Hungarian ludwigite; not sensibly magnetic: 3(Mg,Fe)0.B,O,. MgO.Fe,0,. Idaho ludwigite; not sensibly magnetic: 3(Mg,Fe)0.B,0,. MgO.Fe,0,. Vonsenite; not sensibly magnetic. Very close to 3FeO0.B,0,. MgO.Fe,QOs. Montana ludwigite; moderately magnetic: 3MgO. B,O,;. (Mg,Fe) O.¥Fe,O,. Korean ludwigite; decidedly magnetic: 3MgO. B,O,. (Fe,Mg) O.Fe,Q,. Of course, the term magnetic as here used is relative only, as all ludwigites are attracted to a sufficiently powerful electromagnet, as are all iron-bearing materials. The magnetism as stated above is in terms of an ordinary horseshoe magnet. While not put forward as a definite conclusion, this evidence is recommended as worthy of consideration. These interpretations may, in part, explain the anomalous variation in optical properties observed in ludwigites No. 2395. LUDWIGITES FROM IDAHO AND KORHA—SHANNON. 675 which should otherwise fall in a uniform series between ferro- and magnesioludwigite.* A second point with reference to the composition of ludwigite which deserves mention is the water content, which is often reported in analyses and which is not released at a temperature much above 110°C. The results are collected below: | Water Water Mineral. Locality. Analyst. below above 110°. 110°. | Mae COts cee ee cee acnins ceeatinc sas oitee Bun garyeee -- cen Whitfield’."........ | seeaceees 3. 62 Pte RAOLL GO! een ee ae Sle a eee Ba awe a Swedenic 322-25. Plink ss acco ee leet sar ate 47 Dowd wigites)-= susssessn eS Been tases Montana se 25 52 Schallerd:2- 226.222 eS 1, 24 DONA etre epee eee a ona cssies siseetels PUP ALY = ater 269 Beldonealthensis senso. qecee stoic teeta 97 BUST OUS oe aie sia) fointalnialalelei nian = main 97 Belonocnema floridans.............-..------ 238 LOSSODI acer een eacashessc nase 240 KINSBYI sets meninicciacicicessels 241 treatae.............--------- 237, 238 Berry, Edward W., A palm nut from the Miocene of the Canal Zone. 21 Tertiary fossil plants from Costa Rica...... 169 Tertiary fossil plants from the Dominican Repupues =. anes - 117 Tertiary fossil plants from Venezuela....... 553 Bigenerina nodosaria........-.-------------- 51 Biloculina denticulata...........-.---..-.--- 74 ClON PRGA. see ee essen eS eeeee ee 4 677 678 INDEX. Page. Biloculing oblonga. 22. =. -225----4-202=s5-- 74 ringens, var. denticulata......--- 74 subsphaerica.....------ Dee etse se 7 Binoculus/'cauGgatnss 4-2 spne 426 Caudaturnt... - one saecewanecspece 430 GISsimMtl6 =. -~ scone ass ceeweomieenen 427 Clavulina angularis............... ee Sees 52, 53 nodobarian 0 >.< sesceeeee eames 53 tricarinata...-... We casing einige wiannoire 52 Clemensiabrunmeomedia..............------ 351 GHala =< 583 SChwarilsce 525555 aos ae 274 : sirpata 277 Ecitophya consecta........--.0.-.206e-22h- 0+ 550 v5 = oe é sey miei che 077 SiMUIANS. <(-t vistes ooo ee eee 551 Sears RST Ra RA ae 283 lephas'columbi-..)s..-.--- ces. ss heehee 604 aha ats 2 San: areata - 973, | Elytrophora irae wee eee eee eeceeeees ; $OLOSA soi acMine. Soc geeerb.. - 275 | Hee ea ace a a as eA a mY ila dag) 279 mys orbicularis.~-52-. 2. ..sosueehep-aeisa= eae ik = Sul hSd pra abr neae 277 Endogenites echinatus............-.--------- 562 TTA DET ee ee ee, 279 | Emponatus dipona.........-....------------- 42 WNGUIATA. «2 =e HEEB we oe 999 || "Hntada boweblescasasssecones soe este ne = ass 569 TUWLUONINIS 56 c,-nie see Rees ones 274 SCANGONSSacics cs scese senate ese 569, 570 USHA a5 oo nnce no anes Ae. 275 | Eoceneinsects from Colorado and Wyoming. 29 Cymbalopora bulloides. ....-.--.-.+.-------- 5g || (Woformies eocenita-<.---.----+2--.0--cs0e=> 38 GO Vise eee ete ho ee 48,58 | Equus giganteus.................---------- 618, 619 Cynipidae, gallflies of the family, producing MIGDIarensiS: se eeases see c eae cases 609 subterranean galis on oak.........-.------- 187 OCCIDENTAUS eee na seae ne ee ee ences 618, 619 Cynipidae, notes on certain genera of parasitic, PAC Cust ecea sees sco eee 621 proposed by Ashmead with descriptions of SPOCLOSees ease saese sate e eee eee 600 BAN OLVI DES Hate ese ee ana aee one ena seeinwtccens 433 | Eriopyga carneitincta..-.....2........------ 358 (WYMONLVSIOUCULUS: s-o saan o aoc n cee acioine= G15; G16) UClYStIS CAVE... -ceces recon meee es 373 | 680 INDEX. Page. Page. BMuclystis mnyra.. <2... ste eeseoes eee 374 | Gorytes moneduloides...........---------- 412, 413 POLYOPCLAS a: - Ge ae ee ea enn 374 | Grammicolepis brachiusculus.............-.. 651 subtremula:.<.~).-.-.4eesaeeeee: $73} || "Guettarda: COOKGi no. jr cnc eee eee ee eae 125 Bulopidotisiaglae. 2234. 3s tee Vegasst £82 S71.| Guttulina vitrealy. ou: eee Rees ce ene 54 punctilinea...-......--+---++----- 371 | Hall, Maurice C. Two new genera of nema- philosis..-..----------+-++++++-- 372 todes, with a note on a neglected nematode Bumayria floridanaguys%)ctstt 2s & 230 structure...............- sn vad MRI MORES 541 multiarticulata......-.----------- 230 | Hammapteryx ceryniiformis................ 455 Hustema opacas.-=-2e. 2-b.0-n. Se Ae 334 apidoliGsts sass see ee 455 Butelia chromatica-........... 5). s20u. eee 368 retionlata set... S 455 Eutudora (Eutudorops) para torquatum.... 265 fripmuctatheet ees eee 455 Ewing, H. E. New Nearctic spider mites of Hamulus Morton, the fossil annelid genus, an the family Tetranychidae see's stale /niele.e's wim ata =7= 659 operculate serpula A eae Ee 41 Exogyra ponderosa........--.--------------- 454 | Hamulus angulatus: .........-.-...--..--2-- 45, 46 Fauna of the the Arundel formation of Mary- jonshensis..-c scp ohn oe ee 44 land 2.2 o.hkeeeeowdn. ee eee 581 PUNIOL St tee aren tee eee 44 Ferroanthophyllite, an orthorhombic iron GRO eet Pee eee eee 42, 43 amphibole from Idaho, description of. -.-.- 397 SOLIS eee ete hee eee 46 Ficus betijoquensis.......-..-.:.- 222522... 566 squamosus........ Seer eee 45, 46 talamancana.....-...-----+----++---++ 172 || Sapigia dorema. ....-+.-.----+ sdvees-cuusee 339 Figites laeviscutum ........-...-..--2:------ ASOT) SEPA VGriNa DEACVi =. c << xuemactoce ee 72 quinguelineata::-.-. nae 437 SotRDT essa 2. 4 es coeae ee 72 Hipitodestatricormis.-t----- 2 asseen eee 437 Orpatiscimars (coda eae Oe ee 72 Filaria martis. .........---.-+-+-+-+-+--++-+- 541 | Hawaii, new deep-sea fishes from..........-. 643 i OSleTi....--- 0+ +++ 2222-2 eee seers neces 541 | Hay, Oliver P. Descriptions of species of Fish scales, fossil, from Peru........--------- 19 pleistocene vertebrata, types or specimens Fishes, deep-sea, from the coast of Hawaii, killed by a lava flow from Mauna Loa..... 643 Fishes, fluvial, notes on, described by Charles Girard Injl856sss2 2622+ ceo NS... <= 5 23 Foraminifera from the north coast of Jamaica. 47 Foshag, William F. The crystallography and chemical composition of Creedite ..-.. 419 Fossil fish scales from Peru......-..-.--.---- 19 Fossil plants from Costa Rica, Tertiary. ..... 169 Fossil plants from the Dominican Republic, Tertiary ss:anetesss ccc ses ces cece eer enccan 117 Fossil plants from Venezuela, Tertiary....... © 553 Fualgora macwlataiccccsscc2cscsssccessseecne 457 Fulgoridae, Eocene insects of the family..... 455 Fustiger'clavipilis: ==: 25 2022222205 ess 551 Gallflies of the family Cynipidae producing subterranean galls on oak..........-.------ 187 Gila elegansoslstessss2 See 28 Gilmore, Charles W. The fauna of the Arun- del formation of Maryland..........--.---- 58 Girard, Charles, notes on some western fluvial fishes described by... ..<<..-2¢.-...s 2.52004 23 Givira gnomae cys Se hase sss ss oat 391 PURUAL Asa soca ence e nae aloe terial sare 391 modisinasassseS sets eee 392 QUARLA So Soar rss Iasee cee cn ceie 391 Globigerina bulloides. ..............-.----.-- 48,54 autertreict 3... Roses eats 48, 55 RUDDER: 4H. 4.45400-B cements 48, 55 siphonifera:..- ...- . 0... «Saacemer ac 54 Glyptops caelatus.. .... Seer eee eee 590 Goappertia.tertiaria .. Wiis... 2005 Pe oe Ra een ae ae Z ee Megalomeryx niobraremsis.........-..------- 601 Jordan, David Starr. Description of deep- Masalontes ieforcsuil 609 sea fishes from the coast of Hawaii, killed Se ee see cant Riese 2 2s ee Oe 5 by alava flow from Mauna Loa..........-.- 643 agelestonatt 03 Comms Onshs «nara hasag + 25° 126 Melolonthites avusis - 222) -n-i- Seaeeiee ss 36 Kachuga trivittata..............--.---.----- 463 | Merrill, George P. On the mineral composi- Kennedy, Clarence Hamilton. Some inter- tion and structure ofthe Troup meteorite... 477 esting dragon-fiy naiads from Texas. ....... 595 | Meteorite, the Troup, Texas.........----.--- 471 Kiefferiella rugosa............----------+++-- 435 | Meteorite, Troup, the mineral composition Korea and Idaho, ludwigites from.........-.-- 667 ANG EEGUCLUTO OLtHOse tse eer 477 Lampanyctus crocodilus...............--..-.- 646 | Metoponorthus pruinosus..............-..---- 460 JORG AN oa soe oeiclatenieetaiaye 645 | Mexico, a new cretaceous Rudistid from the Mathonura TectiLOstrisS= «.-- <2. 2sescsce=s ee 459 San Felipe formation of...............-.-- 453 Arabia aIMsse sees es eres ee oes ae 36 | Miliolina alveoliniformis.................-.-- 64 GEVISS spe cere ses ee se iets mone aoe 35 UNG OSA. - 5.54 coc mistewerere totes ec 66 PLOLOSPIOPLerA.. os eee s cme cis 35,38 | Minnow, report ofthe occurrence ofa top, new econtella cancellata ccc. csi. vis aqaacne cies 271 to the fauna of Eastern Texas............. 657 Leguminosites entadaformis..........-....-. 572 | Miocene of the Canal Zone, palm nut from.. 21 VON OZUIGIONSIS s2seno ene 5720 | ehitella Poly Merus .. oe sanemeiges cies saree 112 Mentaeens CULeCa sansa a oc cera cciens's 393 | Modiolicola inermis-.2-).5..<,--c-----.---..-- 16 OphClidsee ea. sco ee ese ee eeees 393 jamaicensiss: ssccennn eects 15 MENS ae ep aee ose aasccer 392: | Modiolus wulgariss. 2532 cei geceitiscicieles 16 Lepeophtheirus longipes...........-..-.----- 1 | Moinodaphnia macleayii................-.--- 459 Lepidoptera in the U. S. National Museum, Mollusks from Camaguey and Santa Clara MLO WES DOCIOS Ole ess ses 2 si haces ioe oases 349 Provinces; Cuba a..2ueGseee seeeasccess 247 Iseprotrichusipittientice=--seee nee a ae 460 | Monophylla californica..............-.------- 270 epuislalleni nec canoe ts cea e ens ato 629 pallies: ¥s steal hee. S 270 benjaminies. 2. 20h repay us 618, 628 terminates. ca .jsceee tee ane 269 Califonnicus eee eae ee eae ee 629)|, Miusalensete.< sess saa ce neh eseitinns sienna 561 CALLOGIS EM ese ae ee eee Re 630 | Musophyllum complicatum..............---- 561 CATNPOSETIS Seek donee ee ee ese ee 628, 629 elegans* 25... sefeeseeweineelare 171, 560 Pail Ardiey a feF a eh ee eee ne eee: 629 | Myliobatis californicus.............-.--.----- 9 species indeterminable............-. 609,613 | Mylodonrobustus.........--------+---+-+-- 638, 639 Liometopum pineuese.. ....<.--cmekckeeaene o <= 38 SOGALIS'. 325 52e8 a. eee oats emi 638, 639 Lithopsis dubiuosa.........- Teed geet iat BE 456 | Mylohyus, species indeterminable. ......-. 618, 619 Am Dini nee eee ne eee 45G. |) Miytilusjedulis.5.--.<..- 4-3 aise - <= 16 BUTTE TT Ae ae eee ead oi2 456 | Naiads, dragon-fly, from Texas..........-.-- 595 NG OAREXCOISA. cee Pe oe ee aes ues 652 | Naprepa pallescens...........-.------------- 3389 Lophyroides dorsuaria..............-.-.----- 164 | Nautilus aduncus........-.-++--+++-s-+2+++-- 7 ileal cnc aan: 165 antillana ........ seresesetesesseees 178 rails sso eet 163 (Orthoceras) cornico-articulatus. ... 73 melangastrars ttransitoniums 32e25 5 ascesce eee aera 251 temsis.....-.------ 411 | Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphona) salustii..... 256 (Foxia) secunda -...-.---2-2----_--- 407 | ‘Orhienlinjataduncae 42 meeseaas. eo 76,77 (Nysson) aurinotus..........-.---.-- 407 | CORIDECSSA = 3257550 cc.2 ans teeter 7 intermedius.........------ 207 | mnitoltes diet: Sh ee 77 marlatti.........---------- 403 | Orbulites macropora-!..-.------------------= 77 minimus....-.....-------- 408 | Ormiscodes dentimaculata............------- 379 sphecodoides.........-.--. 408 | PAVAMIONSIS os oec sap cesep esas 379 texanise rset. acon ee ee tansees 404 | ihallela sc ec ase onan aa eee 378 (Zanysson) aureobalteatus..-.--..-- 406 | Ornataporta marylandica.............------- 42 fuscipes..-....---------- 405 | Ornithomimus\afiiniss 225 -e- -ca-sensenes 586 plesia.-...-.-.--++--++-- 406 (Struthiomimus) altus-....... 587 PER DUS ree 406 Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus..........- 545 Nyssoninae, some notes on wasps of the sub- | PPiorasaslert isc thee- cn ee tA TH 542 family, with descriptions of new species... 413 | 5.10 caseineus costatuS...--..--2-2e2e-2-202 e+ gs Nystalea scarra...--.++--++-++-+++++++-+-+-- 383 (PANULUS LEAN OULATIS: © ee eee hee erence 42 Odocoileus, species indeterminable.......- 609,610 | Sn runt fromthe: Miocene -of the Cuual Virginianussie cesses eee 610 D ripvadben te se eebowe eaee ao RORY 21 Odonteucoila chapadae.....-.....-..-------- 441 |. Paralabrax:clathratus: wf 25-00 tee 1 Odontocynips nebulosa......-...--.-.-+----- 210 | Paralichthys californicus. .....0...-.------+- 9 SOP ODUS, PATIL Dip pierre ene tetera meee 365 | Parangitia corma........2..l-.-..ecseceeeiee 367 pulverulenta......--------------- 365 | j TAN ACOR Sta eae Sees ome 366 Oligonychus americanus.............-.------ 660 | Pearse, A. S. Crustacea from Lake Valencia, major a ama e ny os aR Othe 630 VPNOZUCIASERTeReth Kent J eemec merc cee 459 ert Tiree aT nS 660 | Peneroplis arietinus..........2.2-.--2ee0+2-+ 75 Operculina involvens........-.---------+-+-- 62 CATED AUIS tinh ee oon ene 75 Opisthosiphon berryi........-.-.----+------- 248 evlindraceuS........ccceccceceseee 75 dalli....-.-.-----+-+-+----+--- 254 discoideus..c.nccc veo osc oce 76 Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphon) detectum... 261 Sa Hisied cc aa eee 75 Ieee ay ere POEDtUSUS 2.0.1 Se eae a wai 75, 76 lamellicosta- planatas. .... eaeaeetaben, 2 75 tum.......- 263 DEOLOAs Ass ees a eae eS cee 75 obtectum.... 262 DTOCEUIS oo acc coe - eae See eee =e 74,75 Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphon) obtectum Pentatoma appendiculatum..........2--+-++ 35 obtectum.......-.-----+++-+2e-2eeeereeeeee 262 Periges baalbas: <2 22= ociqs Reso se eee 363 Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphon) obtectum TIANISEA Ones canst ahaa es SRR EB 363 tenuicostum.........-.------++++++++--+--- 263 | Peristedion engyceroS.......--.-.-.----+++++- 654 Opisthosiphon (Opisthosiphon) protractum. 259 ei berti Vise Se- sect nae ee aera 655 (Opisthosiphona) apertum... 253 | Peroara discovata...........------------+-+. 385 berryi...... 248 SylV6StriSs a nscc ces e-cese sane 385 berryi. 249 | Perola jorgenseni...............-.--+-------- 390 i i a i i INDEX. 683 fee z = ; = Page. Page. IBAITOVIA COMPU scecsisce wee slninielei=in =< ~ici=/e'cla se 166 | Quinqueloculina poeyana.........-.--.------ 67 Repid tease eae aeecels eile saicieo ene 163 Oly eonees-sss eee see ele 66 TUN COLORSE See een ee ine icicisa= 10-16 166 suborbicularis. ..... JiSRee s 69 Perreyiinae, notes and descriptions of neo- tricarinatass - fete sne-aee= 48,68 tropical sawflies of the subfamily -.......-. 161 || Radiolites\lombricalis’: 2-2-2022 -cseeee eeae 42 Peru, fossil fish scales from. .......-...-.---- 19) || Raiaiackleyites sess s2en- 2 soe eee acess etaeee 657 Penilan clans DAgtreXecse cc oe ~iscicisicsscincjce evel 393 eglanteria toe see Be ae a 657 PPHTICOGIa, JOTLEBSENI ee ee = ew ae wae ainlnia elo nie 378 texana ete ee ee fee OIE. ee tae 657 Bb WpHHeNa PYOSOLY tases oa iwi clelaleinpsie oleie oom 364 | Raphignathus viridis: -2:7-222222. 2-2 663 Phyllites costaricenmsis. .-..2..5.0....-.-0---6 178 | Ray, a new species, of, from the Texas coast. 657 Pilsbry, Henry A. Barnacles of San Juan Rhamphomyia compta---...-...-.2.2..--.-- 31 Melands:) Washing tones sees csc erciacie's seca lil Grenade: . coe ee 30 Piperites COTdg WS esos secs ss aces oasis 171,172 sudigeronis) Hes Aus Yess. 30 qQuinguecostatus-seecceet sccm e 1'72)| (Rhechias armiger=sa2sse2- 5+ eene eee eee 644 PASONia CONG tie same eeener cca meaccsede 119 | Rhizophora boweni......................2-- 576 Pithecolobium samanensis.............-.---- 120 eocenicas:: 25523522 eee een 577 Planorbulina acervalis.................-.--.- 55,56 mangle: ssesssees se seee sae 576 farcta vars Vleanise. sec ecnce os 56 parvifoliains -s253 Sane 577 mediterranensis.......22..0.2.- 65,56 | Rhyacanthias carlsmithi.........-.2..-.-- 647,649 VULGHTIS Sa esac meme rece tis cre ie 55 | Richardsonius egregius...........----------- 28 Plants, Tertiary fossil, from Costa Rica...... 169) Roeselia bifiliferatass s/o ssoace ee =: eee oe 355 Plants, Tertiary fossil, from the Dominican TES oc 2c sO Recs ce cceticse 357 Renu DG! =. ese sees occas see caes cole 117 CTIGSSS. OOM IOS ee Sees 357 Plants, Tertiary fossil, from Venezuela....... 553 | Rohwer, S. A. Notes and descriptions of neo- Pleistocene vertebrata, descriptions of species tropical sawflies of the sub- Ohne orn eecieeenectecc ccc cess deicciestesteine 599 family Perreyiinae........ 161 Pleurocoelus/altuS< 2.222 sso 2 2 ee is = -\-- 582, 587 Notes on sawflies, with de- PIQNUS Helo ote eects sctaiscicies 587 scriptions of new genera and POACItGS SP ACles ee eee eis cin cies 118 Specrest ees ce eck ce soseee ce &3 IPolyipnus MUtNGI=.-- Je- cess cece ces cesses 64 Some notes on wasps of the Polymorpuitia Ch. VItleas ence ene een enc 54 subfamily Nyssoninae,with POlystomellarcrisparesc< os os scc esos ec testes 61 descriptions ofnew species. 403 lantiprie] 42: Soiee ees Sea 48,61 °| Rosalind antillarumes Se... 2 =. ea 57 POC Van aes Ieee 62 ALLDOTLI ae eee ate ae rosiniciaj=etsinise 59 SOQT A e-c'erse ra tS PISS HERE 61 CANGOMNANAISsH sos 55a Jone eeecle ele 57 ef. striato-punctata..........-- 62 bulloid essere stereo ee oe 58 Pomatoceros tetraceros.-.2. 225 sJSeee ... 42 OLDICUIATISE atat-oare orotic eae =\<110 60 IPTICONGHON: CLASSHS erarstctaraere racer EEE oi wee 588 POC VTS se sere creer SE 8. 58 Procamelus coconinensis... 605, 608, 618, 622, 623, 625 TOSQB Shasta onto orators SU oso = 56 longurios.. < 2922732 Segsee 618, 624, 625 SQUAINM 0S8:5= jase e eee sees 58 MAJOR ee tcrctere 605, 608, 622, 623, 625, 637 Valvulatardccccoscrde Sees see 59 MINIMUS sew ewe Nee see aT eee 637 | RotaliatmenardiuiSsers Se ea. Tee. 2s 60 ININOL sae Se sae eee eae sales 637 SQUaAMMOSH ESI BEI IIe. ola 58 PLOFOMPHUS OVSCUTUS.-. as acti Sse e sas 3 595 | Rotalina oblonga.....-....- ruthororenene ote OSE 60 Promiomers filicornis: 4.9 F5G VIE weenie 446 Toticulata: rs jecscsecteratran OOS AE 58 Pronemobiusiornatipes..- aus SII 215 25 29,30 | Rothschildia morana............2022..05--- 375 tertiarius ;... 22522220: 20582 29,30 | Rudistid, cretaceous, from the San Felipe Protagrotis venipictasssos525-—-s21- UIII 8s 358 formation:-of Mexicos.s... Se fose8 5. eee 63 arenatasctelé 20 -atesms mash es tise 63 asperula- Siz -...cestt Nese sioet ee 63 grata, var. angulata............. 63 elvornata. scc2 sie eet S eke cers. 64 Stanton, Timothy W. A new cretaceous Rudistid from the San Felipe formation of Mexico i522. os dacstk. SOR s 453 Stenogomphus scudderi..............---..-- 30 Stibadium murises.........=..22se iste ake 365 Stirocorsia kohliiosese AU. ceo. so ae 83 Texas, @ new species of ray from, and report of the occurrence of a top minnow new to the fauna of eastern......... 657 some interesting dragon-fly naiads fTOM 5/085 oo 3,5 = oo sap quisiera se sae 595 Textularia agelntinans:... ......gsceses---55- 49 Candelanas: 255 skebite tae < soso ee 48, 50 CarTiDAGA 5 J oiciis sew aeR teh aes eens 51 CONICA =. ni5.05 Sede as sn aeeaa es tae as 50 Sagittwlae ss ....25s66e22ee5 et seece 50 Thaumastocladius simplex. ............----- 457 Thischrois, deiliniaszi: .......55..-viiesce--- 02 372 Thinobadistes:segnis ; 22 ps=nn see Saket = 638 Thomomys bottae leucodon............--. 614, 615 FUSCHS iio e aka 2 = eaeee oe 609, 613 quadrats... :... 8h sect: eee ces 614 scudGeri....22-ckhSh Renae keels 614 Thyreocera nigrifemora.................----- 436 Tipoma iegnepials << =< oe ee sss 27 livieataiicesosecc Jsedsaet 1526325. -<0 27 INDEX. 685 Page. Page. FOMIPOUAL VATIANSS = >e=-=-2= => 9 peetles of the tribe Tillini in the United Valencia Lake, Venezuela, crustaceafrom... 459 | States National Museum................... 269 Valvulina davidiana............---.--------- 52 | Wyomingand Colorado, Eoceneinsectsfrom. 29 Ovid OlLaliay see ee oe 51 Xiphydria Bbaominalis. = seas asec eee eee 83 Venezuela, Lake Valencia, crustacea from. . . 45 | attenuata eck ka pres ge eet 84 Venezuela, tertiary fossil plantsfrom..-...... 5539 champlaini.........-..----.------ 84 4 F ASVICOMn iste see eee 8&7 Mermmiculus oblougum=..o 22. seas nee nce c 69 nue se, ‘ | NETIMELACS res oe eee eee oe 86 Verneuilina spinulosa PE ee mle sale lere® ee wa) eee 51 sub sp. borneensis...... 87 Mentebralina Cassis: 2 522.2 ne siaaacl snsiats 64 | PYPULA ses le Soars ss Serta 88 conico-articulata..-.........--- 73 | Xystoteras contorta.............----s------- 209 mucronata.....-..-.-++----+--- 64 |) -Zacucolla wnicarinata-.s sce cce