\ \ \\ A \ . A << < << \\ SY RUN r WS \ \ NO XA QQ Ws 3 \ \ if Ss ‘§ . A Ss = YY — ae TT wrt SRR a TAS Be hs Fe SEN \ \ Ny \ RN AN 2 N _ WN A A A RY RR \ \ \ \ WY \ WS Sh S - _ NN RQQw ”?. . A A \\\ \ \ - AN AX QA LY RQ A O—uHK?a€ \ . SS SS \ « \ NIU 7 Rees. «) “ ann i iin (tf i 4 A i ‘ NAN f Te Mi ide + L wal Ie aA ve ‘ Hy ’ ae a ny Ye . My P i a ci, A ne ri al | i. on a aet f vA ' ee a ot ay a ch The pi a ’ Pak! x er Ka ony ie y id hy 1; f 1% a a il SMITHSONIAN. INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE “NITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 74 SINGS UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1929 i | . a YEOH ital : Bieta aed ; 7 aie enviar: | MUS2U M LAMOLTAM eaTATe wy ! J , y we : ve : 4 i Sit i ‘ ; ney . ne ; a i ’ vi ~ ie a4 i ’ bls fi ; i” .- ; ; : 4 uae ii ff | i | , i ' F i: | ; rs y i, a) ; 0 ¥en j Me 5 : tees rey = BN th Lea ah ar. ez e ria i. a I 3 a Ty | | | . * ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organiza- tions and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The present volume is the seventy-fourth of this series. The Bulletin, the first of which was issued in 1875, consists of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treaties (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. Wasuineton, D. C., November 15, 1929. Ill Pv rr i oro a c A rik POCA aan ae oud wiles een Sineakeie at oie ob , an Pe Bria Hiecelynns oA ae a thine a Higa bobastnt vi Tk ae apa bagi wld oy ranibvalion adi co bagel) aunque, danigtn eRe esoloid, at wipat feriupes -elwor, detvol aoe ‘dad. elemne, Lieeeh bie wert writ lo aboiigizseals date | oylhes hi * vegeleqoal A ‘aa Holilegsssiey tei rei Bok lo ani) en oe ts: ‘tora? ote 4 a at | “ET AUTO Hitt < cae 1 hats, aahiandi ot bardaildun on fryddal?: vieeh ont aie pat Pt: 88 Desenge tse a 7s ow mT ai hyleadat ne avant bits ah Dia “os fine zn as ry dobreasen anu! hole: aR ore Da ate fen CAR a aa a | Ae RF oh So: fibee Lo etathnos Me ohhh aS iy | : Bab eae fi igh the rv sh “itt soos a Se nM # To ela wat ai hiss: ne Bowe ye ‘igh? to le He: (oe ean €-ogts. 4” Opial "te lige OO NT. Cus uA ‘ Bord A HL avs Debt ‘Laie 10, ay rition, N # Tiinnoiwon) air saciikere Sagi val bb bis ie epi vis J Koiyalnas:' Mg BOT as he OUINMT Ce AOTTRIAE wana té ae! heen isdery lator ni ‘enti tredy hey lapiadean icolb’ tts OQ hoe | abe Soe hianpacouget- 0) & Jaq cite a GTi) Gk Se Lye axis Wey Timor wat: jek } antalg onal divide dineniitant wal dab haidolie ued aad asin) COLAND | Taian esinae, devtathytl fa abe Coletak ai ‘vot ay betvangs't whore Halos. “Wang aM agg NOUR) Wr Darl ahh py iy “woaseatbone m1 Lannie A, och A f) Paliahiics. ./ me me it EARN Tris ona, a) eegtabet ail) og ssi tte ie yy TAK. | Ha ONT, ihheria, (DIMEE Hates Big vn Ke eve ‘ ie er nad at uh Pore — eine fh et Aa, an be a Bryne} aie ith yt wee vit a ‘eh Yeast, 4 enh ; y i ; ; : a Wee At sii Ways | iE y ., Agpiniey te rank Vea oF ; , a. oui oe i ine a ey A Le ee TABLE OF CONTENTS Aupricu, J. M. Five new parasitic flies reared from beetles in China and India. No. 2753, pp.1-7. October 19, 19281_-_ New genus: Szgelotrozxis. New species: Campylocera hirsuta, Adapsilia flaviseta, Sigelo- troxis parvus, Pexomyia genalis, Centeter unicolor. Further studies of types of American muscoid flies in the collection of the Vienna Natural History Museum. INO 2764. pp: 1-34.” “Nebrubeyi2o, LO2OM Wake Coe New species: Copecrypta orbitalis. New diptera or two-winged flies from South America. NOX 2746. spp l-255) 5 December MrlO28 Dee tp wake n= ON New genera: Callesthes, Daetaleus, Reedia, Piriona. New species: Odontomyia tremolerana, Ocnaea gigas, O. falcifer, Ophyra villosa, Hydrotaea fuscisquama Opsidia intonsa, Pachy- ophthalmus ornaticauda, Brachycoma_ ruficauda, Callesthes histrio, Daetaleus purpureus, Incamyia spinicosta, I. striata, I. chilensis, Reedia robusta, Echinopyrrhosia trophocyon, Chaeto- craniopsis argenticeps, Selenomyia virens, S. plena, S. facialis, Piriona fasciculata. Three new species of two-winged flies of the family Bombyliidae from India. No. 2747, pp. 1-3. October 26, New species: A phoebantus clauseni, A. seratus, Exoprosopa sipho. Cusuman, R. A. A revision of the North American Ichneu- mon-flies of the genus Mesostenus and related genera. No. 2761 App. ue58 4, se bruary AOsLO29 Pogo esi. a iuaiee Oogt eye a) New genera: Agonocryptus, Messatoporus, Acerastes. New species: Messatoporus rufiventris, M. compressicornis, M. major, Listrognathus multicolor, L. agnatus, Crypturopsis abdominalis, Diapetimorpha rufigaster, D. confederata, D. alabama, D. acadia, Mesostenus melanurus, Polycyrtidea limi- tis, Polistiphaga zonata. New varieties: Listrognathus albomaculatus rufitibialis, L. a. multimaculatus. New combinations: Agonocryptus discoidaloides, Messatoporus discoidalis, Mallochia strigosa, Crypturopsis audaz, C. saundersi, C. armatus, Diapetimorpha orba, D. introita, Derocentrus macilentus (Mesostenus) Polycyrtidea pusillus, (Agrypon) Polycyrtidea flavopictus, Acerastes pertinaz. New name: Diapetimorpha cinctiventris. Article 8 19 16 1 Date of publication. VI TABLE OF CONTENTS Dunn, Emmett Rerp. A new salamander from southern California. No. 2770, pp. 1-3. January 31, 1929?_______ New species: Ensatina klauberi. Two new frogs from Jamaica. No. 2767, pp. 1-2. December 18, 1928! New species: Eleutherodactylus orcuttt, E. cunctator. Se ee Dyar, Harrison G. Notes and new species of American moths of the genus Scoparia Haworth. No. 2769, pp. 1-9. January 31, 1929! New species: Scoparia denigata, S. albertalis, S. echo, S. leuco- phthalma, S. phycitinalis, S. molliculella, S. subtersa, S. multi- facies, S. inexoptata, S. ycarda, S. crassiuscula, S. imparilis, S. vinasalis, S. excursalis, S. ulmaya. Fosuac, WitutiamM F. Mineralogy and geology of Cerro Mer- cado, Durango, Mexico. No. 2768, pp. 1-27. February D0 1G20 =e aR Ns 1 ay i eR a GitmorE, CHartes W. Fossil footprints from the Fort Union (Paleocene) of Montana. No. 2750, pp. 1-4. October 6, New species: Ammobatrachus montanensis. Kirk, Epwrn. Bathmopterus, a new fossil gasteropod genus from the Silurian of Alaska. No. 2763, pp. 1-4, December ba, GIR te dE a ha ape oh eee ee New genus: Bathmopterus. New species: Bathmopterus liratus. The fossil crinoid genus Vasocrinus Lyon. No. 2760, pp. f-10. dentary 20.) LOU * ee re ee ee eter New genus: Pellecrinus. New species: Vasocrinus turbinatus. Mattocu, J. R. Notes on some oriental Sapromyzid flies (Diptera), with particular reference to the Philippine species. No. 2751: pp. 1-07” April 22 ao es ae New genera: Acelyphus, Idiocelyphus, Pleurigona, Euproso- pomyia, Maquilingia, Kerteszomyia, Griphominettia. New species: Acelyphus politus, A. repletus, Idiocelyphus bakeri, Paracelyphus tesiaceus, Celyphus puncticeps, C. bisetosus, Spaniocelyphus nigrocoeruleus, S. sumatranus, Pleurigona curvinervis, Euprosopomyia maculosa, Pachycerina flaviventris, Phobeticomyia preapicalis, Trypaneoides major, Minettia philip- pinensis, Sapromyza (Sapromyza) maquilingensis, S. (S.) in- versa, S. omei, Maquilingia hirticeps, M. facialis, Trigono- metopsis punctipennis, Kerteszomyia maculifrons, Homoneura (Chaetohomoneura) umbrosa, H. (Neohomoneura) albicosta, H. (N.) setiventris, H. (N.) yerburyi, H. (N.) indica, H. (N.) Article 25 22 24 23 18 15 1 Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS macgregort, H. (Huhomoneura) nigriflua, H. (Homoneura) curta, H. (H.) philippinensis, H. (2.) intermedia, H. (H.) cos- talis, H. (H.) horni, H. (H.) crinita, H. (H.) hirtitibia, H. (H.) dentifera, H. (H.) maquilingensis, H. (H.) opacithorax, H. (#.) piceoides, H. (H.) nigrita, H. (H.) luzonensis, H. (H.) robusta, H. (H.) demeweriu, H. (H.) bakeri, H. (H.) atriceps, H. (H.) neosignata, H. (H.) immaculipennis, H. (H.) fuscobrunnea, H. (#H.) affinis, H. (H.) grahami, H. (H.) sublucida, Gripho- minettia sumatrana. New subgenera: Minettiella, Xenosapromyza, Luzonomyza, Neo- trigonometopus, Griphoneuroider, Poecilomyza, Minettioides. New names: Homoneura (Homoneura) piliseta, H. (H.) diacros- tichalis. MANSFIELD, WENDELL C. New fossil mollusks from the Miocene of Virginia and North Carolina, with a brief out- line of the divisions of the Chesapeake group. No. 2759, Doe fe anwary 4 O29 Tie Se en k Woe ne noe New species: Fusinus (Buccinofusus) propeparilis, Pisania (Cel- atoconus) burnsi, Columbella (Seminella) smithfieldensis, Epi- tonium smithfieldensis, Fossarus (Isapis) urbannaénsis, Thracia (Cyathodonta) dalli, Pandora (Clidiophora) conradi. New subspecies: Clathodrillia? belloides rushmerensis, Pecten Eboreus urbannaénsis, Crassatellites (Crassatellites) meridion- alis surryensis, C. (C.) m. urbannaénsis, Phacoides (Lucinoma) contractus murfreesboroénsis. MarsuHatu, Wituiam B. New fossil pearly fresh-water mus- sels from deposits on the Upper Amazon of Peru. No. 2748, DDAl—7-. VOCtobery sl Wy URO2S doe eases ich pepo IE pep orug aoe New genera: Prodiplodon, Eodiplodon. New species: Prodiplodon singewaldi, P. bassleri, P. paucarpa- tensis, Hodiplodon gardnerae, E. pebasensis. New fresh-water and marine bivalve shells from Brazil and Uruguay. No.2762,pp.1-7. October 26, 1928 '- New species: Diplodon jacksoni, D. pilsbryi, Anodontites elfa, A. mansfieldi, M ycetopoda felipponei, Corbula uruguayensis, Nucula felipponei, N. uruguayensis. Miuurr, Gerrit S., Jr. The gums of the porpoise Phoccenoi- des dalli (True). No. 2771, pp. 1-4. January 26, 19291__- Price, EmmMerr W. Two new nematode worms from rodents. Nos 2 749. ppt l-Syie November 10, NO28 Mauka NT 2 8 New species: Syphacia thompsoni, Heligmostrongylus hassalli. Scuwartz, Bensamin. A new species of trichostrongylid worm of the genus Cooperia from the carabao in the Philip- pine Islands, with a review of the genus. No. 2765, pp. 1-5. ING errno ety 2G SY os a apie cape ati 1 edo let ee A ey 3 ed New species: Cooperia nodulosa. 1 Date of publication. VII Article 14 17 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS SHANNON, Eart V. Miargyrite silver ore from the Rands- burg district, California. No. 2766, pp. 1-10, January 31, Tschermigite, ammoniojarosite, epsomite, celestite, and paligorskite from southern Utah. No. 2758, pp. 1-12. JANE Aly Wee peice he ) eee ed Ge eee Taytor, E. Leonarp. Moniezia, a genus of cestode worms, and the proposed reduction of its species to three. No. 2754, pp t-0 Ti Nosembper 24, 1928 oe ee Topp, W. E. Crypr. A revision of the wood-warbler genus, Basileuterus and its allies. No. 2752, pp. 1-95. April 26, New genus: Phaeothlypis. New subspecies: Phaeothlypis semicervina annexa, Basileuterus castaneiceps chapmani, B. coronatus notius, B. c. elatus, B. c. regulus, B. signatus flavovirens. TREADWELL, AARon L. A new polychaetous annelid of the genus Phyllodoce from the west coast of Costa Rica. No. 2157;.DP. lS.) NOVEMDOR.NU, doom ee ee New species: Phyllodoce nicoyensis. Van Duzer, M.C. Tropical American Diptera or two-winged flies of the family Dolichopodidae from Central and South America. No. 2755, pp. 1-64. February 9, 1929!_______ New genera: Keirosoma, Oedematopus. New species: Psilopus bilobus, P. longipes, P. semicomatus, P. planipes, P. mensor, P. bicoloripes, P. longipennis, P. cylindri- cus, P. angustatus, P. semiciliatus, P. panamensis, P. nitidi- cauda, P. flaviannulatus, P. clavatus, P. simulans, Diaphorus curvispina, D. perplerus, D. varipes, Asyndetus flavitibialis, Chrysotus contractus, C. flavimaculata, Argyra violacea, Keiro- soma albicinctum, Sympycnus imperfectus, S. longipes, S. fili- formis, S. bipilus, Nothosympycnus unipilus, N. furcatus, Neu- rigona banksi, N. maculipennis, Thinophilus panamensis, Me- detera bella, M. pollinosa, M. scaura, M. pallidicornis, M. varipes, M. flaviseta, Thrypticus acuticauda, Oedematopus cras- sitibia, Paraclius angustipennis, P. albitalus, P. simplex, P. parvicauda, P. aldrichi, P. latitibia, P. albimanus, P. argen- timanus, P. frontalis, P. terminalis, P. acuticornis, Polymedon transversus, P. nigricornis, P. partitus, P. rubiginosus, P. no- tatus, Sarcionus maculatus, Pelastoneurus maculitibia, P. acuti- cauda, P. fuscipennis, P. peciinatus. Wricut, A. H. Synopsis and description of North American tadpoles. No. 2756, pp. 1-70. June 4, 1929!_________-_- 1 Date of publication. Articl. 21 13 12 10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES NEW FOSSIL PEARLY FRESH-WATER MUSSELS FROM DEPOSITS ON THE UPPER AMAZON OF PERU By William B. Marshall Facing page 1) (New fresh-water mussels fron) Peru st S20 Ae Yeo 8 Two NEW NEMATODE WORMS FROM RODENTS By Emmett W. Price Lusypnaca thompsonr, new speciess! Sao e ia Wael Be ei ee 6 2. ‘Heligmosirongylus hassall:, new species! s_- . = 225-- 222 225s 22-23. 6 FossIL FOOTPRINTS FROM THE Fort UNION (PALEOCENE) OF MontTaNa By Charles W. Gilmore 1. Type slab of Ammobatrachus montanensis__-.__...._-._..----.-- .-- 4 2-3. Part of type slab of Ammobatrachus montanensis_.__..--.---------- 4 Nores ON SOME ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES (DIPTERA), WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES By J. R. Malloch i ‘Details of Celyphinae and Sapromyzinae= 2 Pek Aer ae: 89 Pre DeLAtistOL Sa prOmly ZINAek Als we eo ee A eae 90 Se ELAS TORMTOITONEUN nna oa wt ores ee eae ea GY a 91 Aol El ypOpy eid, OL SPeCles Ol -HOmMONeUTa coe ee 92, 93 6. Hypopygia and apical genital segments of species of Homoneura___-_-- 94 MONIEZIA, A GENUS OF CESTODE WORMS, AND THE PROPOSED RE- DUCTION OF ITS SPECIES TO THREE By E. Leonard Taylor ZV aniationstinMontecta ex pansa ss ue ec iae! ee oy a ae 10 3. Variations in Moniezia expansa and M. planissima__.-_-------------- 10 AV aMananssin MOonveZta ex PAUS@ an se aia. be othe Ge a es 10 5. Variations in Moniezia expansa and M. planissima_.._-------------- 10 TRoPIcAL AMERICAN DIPTERA OR TWO-WINGED FLIES OF THE FAMILY Do.icHOPpoDIDAE FROM CENTRAL AND SouTH AMERICA By M. C. Van Duzee 1-2. Details of the flies of the family Dolichopodidae___._______..------ 64 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS SYNOPSIS AND DESCRIPTION OF NorRTH AMERICAN TADPOLES By A. H. Wright Facing page 1-5. Mouth parts of North American tadpoles_...-.-..-.------------- 6—9, Lateraliaspects.of livectadpoless=2=~.- = 2-2-2 es ee NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM THE MIOCENE OF VIRGINIA AND NorTH CAROLINA, WITH A BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE DIVISIONS OF THE CHESAPEAKE GROUP By Wendell C. Mansfield 1-5. New fossil mollusks from the Chesapeake group------------------ THE FOSSIL CRINOID GENUS VAsocRINUS LYON By Edwin Kirk 1-2. Species of fossil crinoid genus Vasocrinus_-..-------------------- NEw FRESH-WATER AND MARINE BIVALVE SHELLS FROM BRAZIL AND URUGUAY By William B. Marshall 1—4.. Bivalve shells from: Brazil and Uruguay ~- =. 2--------2-=------ PON Pwr BATHMOPTERUS, A NEW FOSSIL GASTEROPOD GENUS FROM THE SILU- RIAN OF ALASKA By Edwin Kirk A new fossil gasteropod from the Silurian of Alaska_______---------- A NEW SPECIES OF TRICHOSTRONGYLID WORM OF THE GENUS CoopE- RIA FROM THE CARABAO IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, WDE: “A: REVIEW OF THE GENUS By Benjamin Schwartz s Cooperta nodulosa= New Species $2 s= an a eee eee ee ene ot MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY OF CERRO Mercapo, DurANGO, MEXICO By William F. Foshag Cerro Mercado from the south, the bold outcrops and iron ore------- Views of CemrobMercadots {2 <3. ee ee ee ee Breccia partially replaced" by diopside= =." "> "===.- 2-5 5---= sae Breccia partially replaced by calcite and magnetite - ---------------- THE GUMS OF THE PORPOISE PHOC@NOIDES DALLI (TRUE) By Gerrit 8S. Miller, jr. Teeth of a Phocaena and b Phocoenoides_-_-_------------- esc ae See Jaws of Phocoenoides <<. wie ea ee eee a ee Guns of Phocoendides, lower jaw 3.- 4-22. 22s ee eee Gums;ofsPhocoenvides, Upper (aWes. ] tone a eens 70 12 16 SPP Pp LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TEXT FIGURES NEW DIPTERA OR TWO-WINGED FLIES FROM SouTH AMERICA By J. M. Aldrich . Daetaleus purpureus. Genital segments and genitalia of male from left side: 1, 2, genital segments; if, inner forceps; of, outer forceps; (ols SO) TNS4 OY eS re 00 OY 2) GT Aa amp a 2 ae aN BR eS By . Piriona fasciculata, new species. Hind leg of male_________________ FossIL FOOTPRINTS FROM THE Fort UNION (PALEOCENE) OF Montana By Charles W. Gilmore . Ammobatrachus montanensis. Diagram of trackway__________-____- A REVISION OF THE WOOD-WARBLER GENUS BASILEUTERUS AND ITS ALLIES By W. E. Clyde Todd . Diagram of the phylogeny of Basileuterus and allied genera__________ A NEW POLYCHAETOUS ANNELID OF THE GENUS PHYLLODOCE FROM THE WEST COAST OF Costa RICA By Aaron L. Treadwell 1-3. Phyllodoce nicoyensis, new species: 1, prostomium and _ proboscis; 2 pSPATADOCIMIN eoaISe baler Be ANN a aioe Ae Se ee shee TSCHERMIGITE, AMMONIOJAROSITE, EPSOMITE, CELESTITE, AND PALIGORSKITE FROM SOUTHERN UTAH By Earl V. Shannon ieCelestiteserystal. Panguitch Utah «poe o ees hea ee A REVISION OF THE NortTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF THE GENUS MESOSTENUS AND RELATED GENERA By R. A. Cushman 1. Head of: a, Listrognathus albomaculatus (Cresson), dorsal view; b, same, lateral view of lower part to show occipital carina (oc) and hyposto- mal carina (he); c, Listrognathus agnatus Cushman, lateral view of lower part; d, Polyaenus spinarius (Brullé), dorsal view; e, Mesos- tenus leucopus Ashmead, dorsal view; f, Polycyrtus neglectus Cush- man, dorsal view; g, Polycyrtidea limitis Cushman, dorsal view _ _-__- 2. First abdominal segment of female: a, Agonocryptus discoidaloides (Viereck), lateral view; b, Messatoporus discoidalis (Cresson), lateral view; c, Mallochia agenioides Viereck, dorsal view; d, same, lateral view; e, Listrognathus albomaculatus, lateral view; f, Crypturopsis audax (Cresson), dorsal view; g, Mesostenus leucopus Ashmead, dorsaliviews hysame) lateraloviewss.ee 2.22 lees ae Fee 3. Propodeum of female: a, Crypturopsis abdominalis Cushman; b, Agono- cryptus discoidaloides (Viereck); c, Messatoporus discoidalis (Cres- son); d, Listrognathus albomaculatus (Cresson); e, Listrognathus agna- .tus Cushman; f, Diapetimorpha introita (Cresson); g, Derocentrus XI Facing page XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Facing page macilentus (Cresson); h, Polycyrtus neglectus Cushman; i, Acerastes pertinaxz (Cresson); j, Mesostenus thoracicus (Cresson); k, Polyaenus spinarius (Brullé); l, Mallochia agenioides Viereck; m, Polistiphaga enigig Gushinal. "22. Soe ee ae ee So. oe oe ee 4, Hind trochanter and femur of: a, Derocentrus macilentus (Cresson) ; b,. Mesostenus, thoracicus, Cresson... - - -. nga ee a3 esa - == 5, Fore wing of Acerastes perlinas. (Cresson) .. . 22-3 a = 6. The areolet of: a, Agonocryptus discoidaloides (Viereck); b, Messa- toporus discoidalis (Cresson); c, Messatoporus major Cushman; d, Mallochia agenioides Viereck; e, Listrognathus albomaculatus (Cres- son); f, Drapetimorpha orba (Say); g, Diapetimorpha introita (Cres- son); h, Crypturopsis teranus (Ashmead); 1, Polyaenus spinarius (Brullé); 7, Mesostenus thoracicus Cresson; k, Polycyrtus neglectus Cushman; 1, Derocentrus macilentus (Cresson); m, Polycyrtidea limitas Cushman; n, Acerastes pertinax (Cresson); 0, Polistiphaga fete: ( Crassan) Leis) ere aes sot ee er _ Se nea & . Agonocryptus discoidaloides (Viereck)--._------------------------- « Messatoporus discotdatis (Cresson). - 2. ee ee on FURTHER STUDIES OF TYPES OF AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE VIENNA Naturaut History Museum By J. M. Aldrich i . Head of Cuphocera macrocera Wiedemann, male__------------------ . Lepidodexia tetraptera Brauer and Bergenstamm: 1, left lateral view of genital segments of male; 2, rear view of forceps; 3, rear view of penis; 4, tip of penis; 5, rear view of accessory plate_-._---------- bo A NEW SPECIES OF TRICHOSTRONGYLID WORM OF THE GENUS CoopERIA FROM THE CARABAO IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, WITH A REVIEW OF THE GENUS By Benjamin Schwartz 1. Cooperta.noedulosa. Top view, of head .=---.+- 2-2-2 - 2-2 MIARGYRITE SILVER ORE FROM THE RANDSBURG DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA By Earl V. Shannon — . Crystal of miargyrite thick tabular on c (001)---------------------- . Crystal of miargyrite thick tabular on a (100) --------------------- . Crystal of miargyrite tapular ‘onc’ (O01) ~2 =) = Se eeee* Seu see ee Ww bd MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY or Cerro MeErcapo, DURANGO, Mexico By William F, Foshag Map, or erro TetesdG. os oe. eee ee ee een . Krystal aire O) BAUbes = o-oo te ae a en ores . SOorvatal Rabie OF BUSING. - oo ok eee oe ie Sere wne or or 25 32 oO 11 14 NEW DIPTERA OR TWO-WINGED FLIES FROM SOUTH AMERICA By J. M. Axpricu Associate Curator, Division of Insects, United States National Museum The following paper contains descriptions of 20 new species and 4 new genera of Diptera from South America. The types of all the species, except that of Dactaleus purpureus, are in the United States National Museum. As the paper was going through the press it became possible to include as paratypes some material collected in Chile and Argentina by Edwards and Shannon. I hope to take up the bulk of their muscoid collections in a later paper. Family STRATIOMYIIDAE Genus ODONTOMYIA Meigen Odontomyia MEIGEN, Illiger’s Mag., vol. 2, 1803, p. 265. OCDONTOMYIA TREMOLERANA, new species One of the largest species (male 15 mm., female 16 mm.) ; thorax ereen throughout except for three dorsal black stripes, which in the males join together just before the scutellum; the central stripe is greatly widened in front. Between the front and middle coxae, along the median line is an oblong area which is reddish yellow. Abdomen green with a dorsal narrow, sharply defined black median stripe on second and third segments, spreading vaguely out over the fourth and fifth; in the female the abdomen is very broad and there is a distinct trace of a brown stripe on each side halfway between the middle and the margin. Coxae and femora green; tibiae and tarsi reddish. Head of male green below and behind, rather strongly carinate below the antennae; labella large, black; eyes bare, hardly contiguous, with an area of small facets occupying the lower fourth. First two antennal joints reddish, short, of equal length, third joint broken off. The female has small eyes, as usual, the front green with a round- ish black spot covering the ocelli, and a black band from eye to eye No. 2748.—PROcEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 74, ART. 1 2605—28 1 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 74 passing just above base of antennae, the color deepest in the middle and close to eye. Wings hyaline, the costal margin yellow; third vein forked at tip; three veins from discal cell which curve forward and become evanescent. Described from two males taken at Menafra, Rio Negro, Uru- guay, December 15, 1914; and one female from Montevideo; all re- ceived from Juan Tremoleras, to whom the male paratype has been returned. Type.—Female, Cat. No. 29367, U.S.N.M. The nearest related described species appear to be Odontomyia quadrilineata Macquart* and O. histrio Walker. Both are large species like this; the former, however, has a black band across the middle of the front in the female, and the latter has a spot on each side marking the beginning of the band; in both the description of the abdomen fails to indicate such a narrow black median stripe as in the present species. Family CYRTIDAE Genus OCNAEA Erichson Ocnaea EricHson, Entomographien, 1840, p. 155.—CoLr, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 45, 1919, p. 23, definition and key to North American species. The genus includes 13 known species, all American and mostly tropical; four, however, occur in the southwestern part of the United States, namely, coerulea, helluo, and loewi in Texas, and flavipilosa in Arizona. The two species here described are from Ecuador, and among the largest of the genus, the specimens measuring from 12 to 17 mm. in length. Only calida and grossa approach this size, and the latter, having bare eyes, is probably better placed in Apelleia Bellardi. OCNAEA GIGAS, new species Male.—Chestnut brown, second abdominal segment lighter, third to sixth segments above except at sides much darker in two of the three specimens, blackish with slight bluish tinge; venter with the broad sternites variably infuscated; thoracic dorsum subshining, with or without a pair of lighter submedian lines diverging forward; femora and tibiae black, the tarsi brown. Antennae blackish, in- serted just in front of the large posterior ocelli (the front ocellus absent), basal joints large, third long, sickle shaped, slender and curved downward, reaching below the head, without hairs on any part. It is twice as long as in fwmens, figured by Walker. The 1 Hist. Nat. Dipt., vol. I, 1834, p. 248, locality South America. ?Dipt. Saund., 1851, p. 77, locality Brazil. ART. 1 NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA——-ALDRICH 3 compound eyes literally cover the whole head except the flattened hind surface and a triangle above where the ocelli and antennae are situated. The two posterior ocelli are large and prominent, a trans- verse groove just anterior to them. Pile of eyes dense, dark in front, more pale yellow at sides. Proboscis visible but minute. Mesonotum covered with dense glistening pale yellow pile, the ground color mostly dark yellow with or without faint lighter stripes. Hind calypters translucent brownish yellow with well- defined brown rim and yellow fringe. Pile of abdomen yellow, much less conspicuous than on mesonotum. Wing small, tinged with yellow; the second and third veins fork just before the anterior crossvein, which is at the extreme base of the discal cell; an extra crossvein in the first posterior cell just beyond tip of discal, the second section of the first posterior closed and petiolate; all of the veins reach the margin; fourth posterior closed and with compara- tively long petiole which is sometimes equal to the vein forming the apical boundary of the cell. Length, 13 to 17 mm. Described from three males collected at Mera, Ecuador, in February, 1923, by F. X. Williams; they were received from the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, to which one paratype is returned. One specimen has notably paler thorax and abdomen than the others, having no distinct darker abdominal marking. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 40987, U.S.N.M. OCNAEA FALCIFER, new species Male.—Head, thorax, legs, and abdomen black or brown, the second abdominal segment yellow on apical half or more, sides of second, third, and fourth, and posterior bands on the sternites also yellow; third antennal joint brownish yellow, long, slender, and sickle shaped as in gigas, but lighter in color; eyes with dense, long black pile; thorax with dense blackish pile, which has a reddish tinge when viewed from in front. Hind calypter deep brown, with black border and brown fringe. Legs black, the tarsi a little lighter. Wings small, with yellow tinge; venation as in gigas, but the second section of the first posterior cell is wide open in one specimen, narrowly closed in the other, and the fourth posterior cell is closed near margin in three of the four wings, wide open in the other. This open fourth cell is on the other fly from the open first. Length, 12 to 14.7 mm. Described from two males, collected with the specimens of gigas. The paratype is returned to the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Asso- ciation. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 40988, U.S.N.M. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 74 This species is so much like gigas in nearly all structural details that I have considered the possibility that one is a color form of the other. It is apparent that the color and venation are variable, but the differences seem to be suflicient to make the species valid. Family ANTHOMYIIDAE Genus OPHYRA Robineau-Desvoidy Ophyra Ropinrau-Desvorpy, Myodaires, 1830, p. 516—RonpDANI, Dipt. Ital. Prod., vol. 6, 1877, p. 34—VAN DER WULP, Biologia, Dipt., vol. 2, 1896, p. 323.—Srermn, Archiv Naturgesch., vol. 83, 1917 (1919), p. 180.—Srevy, Anthomyides de France, 1923, p. 277.—MaAttocH, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, 1923, p. 664. Before describing a new species from Chile, I will notice the species already known from South America. All the extra-European species are listed by Stein in the article just cited by him. OPHYRA AENESCENS Wiedemann Anthomyia aenescens WirDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 1830, p. 435. Ophyra argentina Bieot, Annales, 1885, p. 302.—Gie1io-Tos, Ditt, del Mess., vol. 4, 1895, p. 26—VAN DER WULP, Biologia, Dipt., vol. 2, 1896, p. 323. Ophyra aenescens, STEIN, Berlin Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 42, 1897, p. 170; Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., vol. 2, 1904, p. 451, and vol. 16, 1918, p. 234; Arch. Naturgesch. vol. 76, 1911, p. 100, and vol. 84, 1918 (1920), p. 42; Zeitschr. Hym. Dipt., vol. 7, 1907, p. 212—BisHopp and LAAKE, Journ. Agric. Research, vol. 21, 1921, p. 729. Ophyra carbonaria SHANNON and Det Ponte, Rev. Inst. Bacteriologico, Buenos Aires, vol. 4, No. 5, 1926 (1927), pp. 20, 30. This species may be distinguished from the others by having yellow palpi and black knobs on the halteres; it has a bronze tinge. It has been reported from Northern Chile by Stein, 1911 (Caldera, Anto- fagasta, Arica), and is known from Argentina, Brazil, Peru, etc., north to the southern part of the United States. O. carbonaria was recently described from Argentina. Bishopp and Laake, 1921, report that in their experiments they found the adult to fly more than four miles at the maximum from a point of liberation. I have received no Chilean specimens of this species. OPHYRA SETIA Walker Anthomyia setia WaLkKER, List Dipt. Ins., vol. 4, 1849, p. 956. Ophyra setia Stern, Zeitschr. Hym. Dipt., vol. 1, 1901, p. 208. This was described from a single female, collected by Darwin in the Galapagos Islands. Stein on examining the type in the British Museum reported that it is very like O. aenescens except in having yellowish halteres. No other specimens have been reported, and the male is unknown. However, the United States National Museum has four males from the Galapagos Islands of undoubted O. aenescens, ART, 1 NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA—-ALDRICH 5 the knobs of the halteres being brown. It may be doubted whether O. setia is specifically distinct from O. aenescens. OPHYRA VIRESCENS Macquart Ophyra virescens Macquart, Dipt. Exot., vol. 2, part 3, 1848, p. 321 (sep. p. 164). Briefly described from a female taken at Guaratuba, Brazil. The type is probably no longer in existence, and the identity of the species is very uncertain. ‘The characters mentioned are: shining green; face with whitish pollen; antennae and legs black; calypters pale yellow; length 6 millimeters. Macquart also says, “thorax a bandes noirs,” which as I understand his terms may mean either black longitudinal stripes or transverse bands on the thorax. If this character is well developed, in either sense, it ought to make the species recognizable. So far it remains unrecognized. OPHYRA CUTILIA Walker Anthomyia cutilia WALKER, List. Dipt. Ins., vol. 4, 1849, p. 954. Ophyra cutilia StTe1n, Zeitschr. Hym. Dipt., vol. 1, 1901, p. 194. Described from Montevideo, only the female being known. Stein has added a few characters from his examination of the type. The most prominent feature is the blackish calypters. I have a male which I identify as this species, as the calypters are the same, and the deep blue color of the female occurs in this male overlaid with such pruinescence as usually distinguishes the sex in this genus. Color dark blue; the head, pleurae, legs, antennae, and palpi are black; calypters brown, the hind one with blackish rim and long brown fringe. Wings uniformly infuscated. Male.—Front very narrow, not much wider than front ocellus, still the linear shining parafrontals are separated by a slender median stripe. Lunule silvery, lower parafrontal shining black, quite narrow; the parafacial with brown pollen beginning at about the tip of the second antennal joint. Cheek about one-seventh of the eyeheight. Frontal bristles beginning below the middle of the space between ocelli and lunule; antenne dark brown, the arista distinctly pubescent on basal third, slightly thickened at base, hind edge of eye scarcely at all emarginate in side view. Hairs of back of head all black. Thorax almost black, subopaque; acrostichals 1,1 (anterior small) ; dorsocentrals 2, 4; intraalar 2, supraalar 1 (no prealar) ; presutural 1; sternopleura with a small bristle anteriorly and one large one behind, acrostichal hairs in about four rows. Hind calypter long and with unusually heavy fringe. Halteres yellow with blackish knob. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 Abdomen with rather dense and erect hair, rather flat toward the base with thin brownish pollen when viewed from behind on which is the beginning of a median dark line. Front tibia without outer flexor bristle, middle tibia with two bristles behind, the upper at the middle, hind tibia with a very distinct calcar below the middle, and on the outer flexor side two bristles below the middle. Middle femur with about a dozen truncated bristles on the under side near base, on the hind side with a dense slanting row of small bristles extending the whole length. Hind femur on the outer side with a distinct row of bristles the whole length, becoming more dorsal toward the tip, also two or three stubby truncate bristles near base on under side and a partial row of bristles on the outer flexor side beyond middle. Claws and pulvilli short. Wings rather narrow. evenly infuscated. Length, 6.4 mm. Described from one male, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Dr. A. Lutz. OPHYRA VILLOSA, new species Shining blue green with black legs, antennae and palpi. Wings hyaline. Calypters white. Hind tibia with long villosity. Male.——¥ront nearly as wide as ocellar triangle, the shining black distinctly punctured parafrontals separated by the median stripe which at narrowest is as wide as one parafrontal. The frontal bristles begin just above the middle of the space between the ocelli and lunule, the latter silvery, very conspicuous. Parafacials nar- row with dull gray pollen which extends across the face. Cheek about one-tenth the eyeheight. Hind edge of eye distinctly emargi- nate along the middle. Mesonotum with rather dense erect hairs, entirely shining. Before the suture there are about four rows of delicate rather long acrostichal hairs, but the remaining surface is so hairy that they are difficult to distinguish. Dorsocentral bristles more or less hair-like except the hindmost pair. Anterior sterno- pleural very minute or absent, the calypters white with white rim and fringe, the hind one projecting considerably but not so Jong as in O. cutilia. Halteres black the stem yellow toward base. Abdomen wholly shining with long erect pile except in the middle of the dorsum. Legs black, claws and pluvilli not elongated; front tibia without a bristle on the outer flexor side. Middle tibia with two bristles on hind side. Hind tibia with long, erect, but not dense villous hairs or bristles in two rows on the outer and inner flexor sides, the intervening space with few hairs. Wings hyaline, third and fourth veins very slightly convergent. Length, 4.2 to 4.6 mm. ART. 1 NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA—ALDRICH cL Described from two males, collected at Perales, Chile, February 1925, by Father Anastasio Pirion, received from Alfredo Faz, who has retained some additional specimens. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 28897, U. S. N. M. Genus HYDROTAEA Robineau-Desvoidy Hydrotaea RopinEAu-Desvoidy, Myodaires, 1830, p. 509. HYDROTAEA FUSCISQUAMA, new species Deep black, including palpi, antennae and legs; closely allied to H. dentipes Fabricius, but having infuscated calypters with black rim and fringe, and the abdomen with light blue pruinosity. Male.—Front including parafrontals black, about as wide in mid- dle as the ocellar triangle; parafacials silvery from the antennal insertion down, becoming brown on lower part; lunule small, golden. Two or three upturned bristles on the cheek next to the vibrissae. Thorax rather shining black, only when viewed directly from be- hind is there is trace of brown pruinose stripes anteriorly. Acrosti- chal 3,5; dorsocentral 2,4; humeral 3; posthumeral 1; presutural 1; notopleural 2; supraalar 3 (small except middle one) ; intraalar 3; postalar 2; sternopleural 1,1 (some posterior large hairs almost like bristles). Halteres black. Calypters, as noted above, the posterior projecting far beyond anterior. Abdomen with striking light blue color on black ground, only a trace of median dark stripe. The blue pruinosity extends on venter to the membrane, and even on the sternal plates. Legs shining black, pulvilli white and not enlarged. Front femur with the usual two thorns below near tip; on the outer flexor side below near base are five long bristles, on the inner side just before the thorn is a row of about six short depressed spines. Front tibia irregularly flattened and concave on flexor side, on outer flexor side near tip with elongated brush-like series of erect hairs. Middle femur with two rows of bristles on front side of basal half, the lower long; a uniform row of small slanting bristles on hind side, and on lower hind side a row of long straight spines on basal half. Middle tibia with rather dense, short, suberect hairs on whole length of front side, on hind side two bristles near middle. Hind tibia straight, not provided with a keel-like brush of short hairs on flexor side at apex, but with a long calcar below middle and on outer side a fairly regu- lar row of cilia. Wings distinctly brown, the fourth vein converging toward third precisely as in H. dentipes. Female.—Front with the usual cruciate bristles. Parafacials col- cred as in the male, but a little wider. Thorax asin male. Abdo- 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 men ovate but colored as in male. Legs plain as in female ZH. dentipes. Wings and calypters less infuscated than in male, but the latter with dark rim and fringe. Length, male 6.3 mm., female the same. Described from one male and one female, collected at Perales, Quilpue, Chile, by Father Anastasio Pirion, on January 25. Received from Alfredo Faz, who has other specimens not seen by me. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 28876, U.S.N.M. Family SARCOPHAGIDAE Genus OPSIDIA Coquillett Opsidia CoqurmLtETT, Journ. New York Ent. Soe., vol. 3, 1895, p. 102.— ALLEN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 68, art. 9, 1926, p. 41. OPSIDIA INTONSA, new species Male——Front narrowest on the lower part where it measures half the head width, the eyes approximate each other still more across the face. Head covered with dark plumbeous pollen and unusually hairy and bristly; frontal stripe almost the same color as the parafrontal, the latter with a somewhat double row of bristles and two proclinate orbitals; parafacials broad with numerous coarse hairs and a diagonal row of bristles above the transverse impression. Front margin of the head in profile is shorter and more vertical than in O. gonioides, genotype of Opsidia, and the third antennal joint is much shorter. Antennae black, the base somewhat reddish, the third joint less than three times the second; arista rather short, the penultimate joint not elongated; antennal depression quite deep, ending, however, a Iit- tle above the mouth; vibrissae not well developed; palpi brown, of ordinary structure; proboscis slender at base, the tip broken off. Thorax blackish with a little thin pollen forming more distinct cinereous spots on the humeri, postalar declivity and margin of scutellum. Anterior acrostichal 3, posterior numerous and hairlike. _Pleurae shining black. Abdomen subshining black with thin whitish pruinosity denser on the bases of the segments, except the first, and forming a larger spot on the middle of each. First, second, and third segments with a single pair of median marginals; fourth segment with two or three pairs. Legs black, middle tibia with one bristle on the outer front side; hind tibia with about a dozen forming a rather even row on the outer hind side and one large in the middle of the row. Wings subhyaline, the base yellow, veins elsewhere black; first posterior cell open far before the apex; bend of fourth vein with a distinct fold but no fork; hind cross vein joining the fourth more ART. 1 NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA—ALDRICH 9 than two-thirds of the way from the small cross vein to the bend; last section of the fifth vein one-third the preceding. Veins bare except the third, which has four or five hairs at base. Length, 6.2 mm. Described from one male collected at Santiago, Chile, by Alfredo Faz. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 28908, U.S.N.M. Genus PACHYOPHTHALMUS Brauer and Bergenstamm Pachyophthalmus BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 4, 1889, p. 117; pt. 6, 1893, pp. 170, 195.—ALtEN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 68, art. 9, 1926, p. 7. PACHYOPHTHALMUS ORNATICAUDA, new species Male.—Front 0.21 of head width, covered with yellowish pollen and having the usual double row of bristles to the antennae. Parafacial with slightly paler pollen, the facial ridges with a few small bristles above the vibrissae; antennae black, the third joint a little longer than the second; arista short; palpi black, proboscis short. Thorax shining black with very striking white pollinose stripes, one on each side of the middle, and another from the humerus to the root of the wing having a more yellow tinge behind the humerus. When viewed from behind there is also an incomplete stripe from the suture to the postalar declivity above the root of the wing. The white stripes next to the middle reach to the apex of the scutellum. Pleura very pollinose, a black stripe from the humerus passing below the root of the wing and another indefinite stripe along the upper edge of the sternopleura. Abdomen black with a paler pollinose stripe on each side of the median line partially divided into spots and composed of pollen which shows some brown reflections; the first three segments are broadly gray pollinose below and on the sides, that on the sides forming a silvery spot on the second and third segments, the fourth segment deep golden pollinose, especially well colored on the sides, the hind edge wider in the middle, shining black. Genital segments black; inner forceps shining black, the outer yellow. Legs black, the claws and pulvilli elongate. Wing hyaline with the usual venation for the genus. Length, 5.2 mm. Described from one male, collected at Perales, Chile, by Father Pirion and transmitted to the U. S. National Museum by Alfredo Faz. Type—Male, Cat. No. 28909, U.S.N.M. 2605—28 2 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 The species has some resemblance to P. trivittata Townsend, de- scribed from Peru,* but the general color of the thorax and abdomen is much blacker and the pollen is rather bluish instead of yellow so that the deep golden or almost orange pollen of the fourth seg- ment makes a very strong contrast. Genus BRACHYCOMA Rondani Brachycoma Ronpani, Dipt. Ital. Prod., vol. 1, 1856, p. 69. Laccoprosopa TOWNSEND, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 18, 1891, p. 365; Ins. Ins. Menst., vol. 3, 1915, p. 116. Bombobrachycoma TowNseEnD, Ins. Ins. Menst., vol. 6, 1918, p. 157. - BRACHYCOMA RUFICAUDA, new species Entirely black except the fifth abdominal segment in female and second genital segment of male, which are bright reddish-yellow. Male.—F ront at narrowest one-fourth the head width (three meas- ured 0.26, 0.26, and 0.27), the median stripe broad, black. Para- frontals silvery but with dark reflections especially opposite antennal insertion; frontals reaching level of arista; parafacials silvery above, grayish below, width at narrowest half that of third antennal joint, about four large bristles and a few hairs on lower part near eye; facial ridges bare except near vibrissae, which are at oral margin; epistoma prominent; palpi black; cheek one-fourth of eye height. Third antennal joint hardly twice the second, arista pubescent near base, its second joint distinct but hardly elongated; back of head not very bulging, with only black hair. Thorax black with four narrow stripes of white pollen, the outer on the margin, the inner just mesad of dorsocentrals and extending in some lights rather vaguely upon the sides of the scutellum; an- other pair of stripes lie above the supraalar bristles and in rear view extend across the suture anteriorly. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentral 3,3; acrostichal 0,0; humeral 3; presutural 1; notopleural 2; supraalar 2; intraalar 2; postalar 2; sternopleural 2,1; scutellum with two lateral pairs, no apical, the disk with numerous upright slender hairs, no post scutellum. Abdomen black with bluish reflection, viewed from behind with four rows of silvery pollinose spots on second to fourth segments; second segment with one median marginal pair of bristles, third with marginal row of 10, fourth with marginal row of 12 or more; venter black with four pairs of white pollinose spots, not very distinct. First genital segment shining black, with a row of stout bristles; second red with bristles and hairs not in rows on posterior part. Inner forceps red at base, becoming black and slender and curving forward and slightly outward to a sharp tip. Outer forceps ® Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 43, 1912, p. 363. ArT. 1 NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA—ALDRICH at: as usual reduced to small red lobes. Penis rather long, black except at base, the tip suddenly bent forward in two flat rounded lobes, somewhat hoodlike, under which several minute sharp processes project toward the base of the organ; about the middle on the front side a flat attachment arises which extends cephalad and then curves broadly toward the tip of the penis, usually resting against it in the spread specimens. Posterior claspers slender and curved clawlike, anterior shorter and less slender, the extreme tip notched into twa minute points. Wing subhyaline, costal spine distinct, third vein hairy almost to the crossvein, first vein usually with one to four coarse hairs or spinules near middle (absent in both wings in 4 specimens out of 23). Female.—F¥ ront one-third of head width (0.338, 0.34, 0.37 in three specimens measured); the usual two pairs of orbital bristles. No median marginals on second segment, on the third a noticeable space between the median pair and the rest of the row. Fourth abdominal segment above and three evident sternites below, yellowish red, con- trasting as in the male with the rest of the abdomen. The rows of pollinose spots on dorsal surface of abdomen are larger than in the male, tending to be a little tesselated. The hairs of scutellum and abdomen are less erect than in the male. Length, 4 to 7.5 mm. Described from 8 males and 15 females; 20 including the type are from Angol, Chile, collected by D. S. Bullock in December, 1925, and January, 1926; one from Santiago, Chile, collected by A. Faz in 1923; two are from Southern Chile, collected many years ago by M. J. Rivers. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 40963, U.S.N.M. The species differs from the type of the genus, Zachina devia Fallen, with which it has been compared, in having the head less bulging behind, the parafacial with stronger bristles, the prescutellars wanting, and the costal spine stronger, as well as in the usual presence of a few setules on the first vein. Family TACHINIDAE CALLESTHES, new genus The genotype is a minute muscoid fly with hypopleural bristles, well developed postscutellum and plumose arista. Front rather prominent, antennal axis about one-fifth longer than vibrissal. An- tennae inserted at the middle of the eye; face flat below with very slight keel on upper part; vibrissae at oral margin, which is somewhat above the lower edge of the head. Facial ridges bare; palpi ordi- nary, proboscis small. Cheek nearly one-half the eye height. Male with a single pair of rather large verticals; frontals beginning some 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 distance before the ocelli, none reclinate, extending barely to the antennae. Parafacial with delicate hairs in a single row. The dorsocentral immediately before the suture and the last one before the scutellum are much larger than those anterior to them. Abdo- men without discals. Wing somewhat rounded, a well-developed costal spine; first vein bare, rather short, ending just in front of the small crossvein, the large crossvein straight and rather erect, joining the fourth vein half way between the crossvein and the bend, which is obliquely rounded. Apical crossvein concave, the cell ending just before the apex. CALLESTHES HISTRIO, new species Male.—The whole fly is opaque black with the following parts white pollinose: the orbits, parafrontal, parafacial, face, a narrow crossband, on the thorax just in front of the suture which extends forward at the sides to the hind edge of the humerus and obliquely downward across the pleura to include the middle of the sternopleura as far as the coxa; another white crossband just in front of the scutellum extending laterally to the postalar calli and anteriorly to the hindmost dorsocentral; the second, third, and fourth abdomi- nal segments have at the front edge a broadly interrupted narrow crossband. Front 0.21 of head width at the narrowest part, which is a little above its middle, the median stripe is very narrow especially toward the antennae, where it is not more than one-third of the width of one parafrontal. The parafacials are about as wide as the third antennal joint. Antennae black, the third joint one and a half times the second, the extreme base of the arista rather strikingly swollen, suddenly becoming slender where the plumosity begins; palpi black. Cheek one-third the eye height, almost entirely bare, the transverse impression soft and reddish. Thoracic chaetotaxy: acrostichal 3, 3 (all small); dorsocentral 2, 3; intraalar 2; supraalar 2 (the hind one hairlike); postalar 2; humeral 2; posthumeral 1; notopleural 2; presutural 2 (the inner minute) ; sternopleural 1, 1; scutellum with one large lateral and one large apical, no distinct discal. First abdominal segment with marginal row of bristles mostly rather small; second segment with a marginal row, the median pair and one lateral pair large; third segment with marginal row of eight rather large; fourth segment with a similar marginal row, no discals. Legs black, pulvilli brown, not much enlarged. Middle tibia with one stout but not long bristle on outer front, two on outer hind side and one flexor. Hind tibia with two bristles only on outer hind side; same on inner hind side. art. 1 NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA—ALDRICH 13 Wings dark brown, calypters a little lighter brown; third vein with two hairs at base. Length, 4 mm. Described from two males collected by F. X. Williams at Tena, Ecuador, February 17, 1923. The paratype is returned to the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 40980, U.S.N.M. The striking and beautiful pattern of the markings is*very similar to Lydellothelaira collaris Townsend and also like Wiedemann’s Zosteromyta dilecta, but these are entirely different in many char- acters. DAETALEUS, new genus Belongs to the tribe Theresiini, and agrees with the genotype of Theresia (tandrec Robineau-Desyoidy) in having the fatial keel slight above, disappearing below; palpi and proboscis of ordinary form; no discals on first three abdominal segments and no marginals on first two; and in various minor characters. It differs mainly in having the epistoma much more protuberant, and quite strikingly in possessing the metallic color of many Calliphorids. Hypopleural bristles and postscutellum well developed. Front not prominent, antennal axis shorter than vibrissal; frontal stripe (male) triangular; only one small pair of verticals, a cluster of proclinate hairs arising from ocellar triangle; frontals barely reach- ing antennae, small; parafacials, eyes and facial ridges bare; antennae arising below level of eye middle, third joint twice the second, arista plumose; vibrissae above epistoma, not approximated ; back of head not bulging. Calypters bare above. Abdomen short and broad, the sternites concealed, only showing a little of first segment. DAETALEUS PURPUREUS, new species Male—F¥ront narrow above, before ocelli hardly wider than ocellar triangle and the median stripe reduced to a line; head en- tirely yellow in ground color except upper part of back, and with yellow pollen; palpi and antennae wholly yellow, including arista, which has thin and erect plumosity; beard yellow in most lights but the shorter hairs changeable. Thorax blackish, the sides and scutel- lum metallic. Chaetotaxy: humeral 3, notopleural 2; posthumeral 1; presutural 2 one side, 3 the other in close longitudinal row; acrostichal 0,2; dorsocentral 3,4; intraalar 2; supraalar 3; postalar 2; sternopleural 2, 1; scutellum with 2 large marginals, 1 apical and 1 discal, all represented by scars in the type. Calypters of usual size nearly white. Abdomen wholly metallic purple, mostly 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 shining; all the segments with thin whitish pruinosity above in certain angles, more constant below; fourth segment with some smallish bristles, only scars in the type; genitalia (fig. 1) small, with characteristic broad lobe like outer forceps of the “Dexiidae,” the penis long, slender, and jointed. Legs yellow (only the front ones present). Wings distinctly infuscated; fourth vein obliquely but rather angularly bent, the first posterior cell rather widely open distinctly before the apex; first vein bare, third with three or four small hairs at base. Length, 8 mm. Described from one male, collected in Brazil by Beske, sent for identification by the Vienna Natural History Museum, to which it is returned. Genus INCAMYIA Townsend Fig. 1.—DA®TALEUS PUR- 5 PUREUS. GBPNITAL SEG- Incamyia TownseEnp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. MENTS AND GENITALIA OF 43, 1912, p. 317. Female only; type and sole MALE FROM LEFT SIDE. cot ones Sense 3 species, cuzcensis, new. ’ ’ - ’ if, INNER FORCEPS; of, Sphalloglandulus TowNsEnD, Pros. U. S. Nat. OUTER FORCEPS ; cl, CLAS- Mus., vol. 49, 1915, p. 488. Male only; type PER; P, PPNIS. (DRAWN and sole species, S. unicus, new, equals cuz- By C. T. GREENE) censis The synonomy is from the type specimens in the National Museum. Both species were described from Peru; Townsend placed Jncamyia in the family Phaniidae, and Sphalloglandulus in his Exoristidae. He apparently combined these families with Tachinidae later. The genus is allied with Lydella and Eucelatoria in having in- frasquamal setules (a small group of minute hairs on the thorax just below the line of attachment of the hind calypter), except in one species noted below, and in having in the female sex a keeled abdomen with piercer of about the same type. From Lydella it differs in having hairy eyes, and from /ucelatoria also by having the facial ridges much more bristly and the second antennal joint longer. Phorocera is also a related genus, but it has the second antennal joint less than half the third, the face more receding, small apical scutellars, and no median upright pair of discal scutellars. The type species of Zncamyia and the three new species here described form a very compact group occuring in Peru, Chile, and Argentina, all being black in color with mesonotum bearing a median whitish stripe and a well-defined lateral border of the same, so as to give the effect of a heavy black stripe each side of the middle on white ground. The face is nearly vertical, back of head prominent below, cheek equal to nearly one-third of eyeheight. The back of head art. 1 NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA—ALDRICH 15 below has mostly black hairs, the white ruff being small. Proboscis and palpi of ordinary form, the latter black or very dark reddish; vibrissae almost at edge of mouth, facial ridges with strong bristles almost meeting the frontals, which descend nearly or quite to the arista. Second antennal joint more than half the third, arista with basal joints short. Female with three pairs of orbital bristles, the anterior proclinate, the other two turned more outwardly; ocellars present and proclinate. Thorax with three posterior dorsocentrals, acrostichals 3,3, sternopleurals 2,1, inner presutural present. Scu- tellum with a median discal pair of upright slender bristles close together, and another pair nearer the tip and farther apart, the space between the discals and the tip bare; three lateral pairs of scutellar bristles, the last long and divergent, no apicals between them. Intermediate abdominal segments with each a single pair of discals. Middle tibia with three or four bristles on outer front side; hind tibia not ciliate, males with front pulvilli and claws moderately elongated. Fourth vein ending far before the tip of wing, third with only a few hairs at base, first bare. Costa with distinct spine. KBHY TO SPHCIBS OF INCAMYIA 1. First posterior cell petiolate; second to fourth abdominal segments with sharply defined pollinose pale band covering basal third, remainder of these Scoments shining plackis ===) Ss Ses ee ee striata, new species. First posterior cell open or barely closed in margin_~____----------------- 2 2. Infrasquamal hairs absent; basal pollinose abdominal bands as in preceding, but still narrower and more or less interrupted in the middle; scutellum pollinosezonlyat blpeot aes ee ee ee ee spinicosta, new species. Infraquamal hairs present; pollen on abdomen not confined to distinct basal bands; scutellum pollinose from base to tip---___----------------- 3 8. Abdomen mostly gray pollinose, hardly at all tessellated, the pollen in the malerextending upon the venter=22-— 2 =o cuzcensis Townsend. Abdomen mostly dark, the pollen tessellated, in the male not extending upon EG HV EITC Tee era oe Meee aR PA Ve a chilensis, new species. INCAMYIA SPINICOSTA, new species Male.—Front one-fourth the headwidth at narrowest part (by micrometer .24, .26 and .26, in three specimens); parafrontal and parafacial silvery, uniform in color, the parafacial a little narrower than width of third antennal joint; cheek one-third the eye height, its anterior part with a few bristles below the transverse impression. Abdomen shining black, with silvery basal band on segments 2-4; first segment with a large pair of median marginals; second segment with large discal and marginal pairs; third with discal pair and marginal row of 12; fourth with numerous erect discals irregularly arranged. Genitalia small, black. Posterior forceps minute, separate, almost straight; anterior forceps (outer) red at base, flat and blade-hke. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 74 Wings subhyaline; fourth vein with rounded bend and thence straight to costa well before apex. Length, 7 mm. Described from two males from Perales, Chile, September 23, col- lected by Father Anastase Pirion. The place is Quilpue, about 30 kilometers from Valparaiso, These were transmitted by Alfredo Faz of Santiago. One additional male, collected by Father Pirion, at the same place and on the same day, is larger (8.3 mm.) and has on the middle of the small crossvein in each wing a very large semierect spine, about as long as the hind crossvein. At first I supposed this would be a generic character, but the receipt of additional mate- rial lacking it and agreeing in other respects compels me to believe provisionally that this is a remarkable abnormality of the single specimen. A female was collected by Edwards at L. Corrientes, Rio Negro Territory, Argentina; it is in the British Museum. Type.—Cat. No. 28875, U.S.N.M. INCAMYIA STRIATA, new species Male-——Slightly smaller than /. spinicosta, differing by the char- acters mentioned in the key. The median pollinose stripe extends very distinctly in its full width to the tip of the scutellum; the basal white pollinose crossbands of the abdomen are very well de- fined and the segments are polished for the greater part of their length. The crossbands end abruptly just under the margin of the abdomen leaving most of the venter shining, or with very slight even pruinosity. Genitalia small, not spread. The apical cross- vein not quite so oblique as in the other species, joining the third vein so as to leave a well defined petiole about as long as the anterior crossvein. Length, male, 5 and 5.4 mm. Described from two male specimens collected by C. H. T. Town- send at Oroyo, Peru, May 7 and 28, 1914. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 40885 U.S.N.M. INCAMYIA CHILENSIS, new species Male.—Greatly resembles 7. spinicosta in all respects, but differs in the characters mentioned in the key. When viewed directly from behind the pollen of the abdomen covers thinly almost the en- tire dorsal surface, more dense at the base where in side view it seems to form slightly interrupted crossbands. The fourth segment in side view is shining except at base. ART, 1 NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA—ALDRICH td Female—Front at vortex .34 of headwidth, uniformly widening toward the mouth. Pollen of parafrontal and parafacial with a slight tinge of yellow. Abdomen with a pronounced keel below on the second and third segments with a good sized curved piercer folded in, the edge of the keel in the third segment bears a series of very short but stout spinules not very noticeable; second segment with a very few spinules almost imperceptible. Dorsally the last three segments of the abdo- men are pretty well covered with pollen which is yellowish on the fourth segment; the tip of the fourth segment and a large indis- tinct subtriangular area on the sides of the second and third are more shining black. The pollen becomes thinner at the margin so that the venter is almost shining. Length, male 6.4 to 6.7 mm.; female, 5.5 to 6 mm. Described from eight males and seven females. Four males includ- ing the type, and one female and allotype, are from Angol, Chile, collected in October and December, 1925, by D. S. Bullock; two males and four females from southern Chile (M. J. Rivers), one labeled, “Parasite of Plusia depauperata”; one male from Perales, Chile, September, 1923, collected by Alfredo Faz; one male from Calamarca, Argentina, swept from chrysanthemums by Max Kisliuk, May 238, 1927; one female from La Laoija, Argentina, June, 1927, swept in orchard by Max Kisliuk; and one female from Dolores, Buenos Aires, Argentina, March 29, 1927, swept in orchard by Max Kishliuk. Four additional specimens are in the Edwards collection from Chile (British Museum)—a male from Llai Llai (a very small village 2 miles from Los Loros), a female from Los Andes, two males from Ancud and Puntra in S. Chiloe. Shannon collected two males at Los Léros, Chile. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 40836 U.S.N.M. REEDIA, new genus Related to Peleteria, but without palpi and with the bristles very strongly developed, those of scutellum and of abdomen above and below are straight and spine like. Chaetotaxy, head: vertical 2 large pairs; ocellar well developed, proclinate; orbital in female 3 (upper- most smaller); frontals about 11, the upper 2 reclinate and diverg- ing, remainder converging toward middle line, lowest near eye at level of middle of second antennal joint. Thorax: acrostichal 2, 3 (none just before suture) ; dorsocentral 3,4; humeral 7; posthumeral 2; presutural 2; notopleural 2; supraalar 3 very strong; intraalar 3; postalar 2 large and 2 small; sternopleural 2, 1; pteropleural 2 large; scutellum with 2 large laterals and a smaller diverging depressed 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 74 apical pair, besides numerous erect spines. Abdomen: first segment without median marginals; second with about 4 pairs of median marginal spines and some shorter on the disk before them, also 5 pairs at sides; third segment with a marginal row across dorsal surface and continuing below to ends of tergites on the venter, in middle dorsally a few small subdiscal spines as in preceding; fourth segment above and below wholly spiny except anterior third across dorsum. All the sternites bear groups of erect spines. Proboscis slightly elongate; second antennal joint nearly as long as third, which is convex in front; penultimate joint of arista elongate; face protuberant over mouth, its lateral ridges with only a few bristles above vibrissae. Type of genus.—Reedia robusta, new species. REEDIA ROBUSTA, new species A large, stout, blue-black species, abdomen whollyeshining. Female—F¥ront broad, 0.36 and 0.38 of the headwidth in the two specimens, subshining bluish-black as far down as the frontal bristles extend; parafacials with silvery white pollen and a few conspicuous black hairs, and bearing two large bristles below (one specimen has two on one side and only one on the other). The ruff of hairs on back of head is deep yellow. Thorax almost destitute of pollen; calypters white. Wings subhyaline; third vein with 8 or 10 hairs at base; bend of fourth vein rectangular; first posterior cell ending in costa far before apex of wing. Legs black, very bristly; middle tibia with several stout bristles on outer front side. Length, 15 to 16 mm. Described from two females collected by Alfredo Faz; one (type) was taken at Concepcion, Chile, the other at Mendoza, Argentina. Edwards collected two additional females and- Shannon one in Concepcion, Chile; the former are in the British Museum. Type.—Female, Cat. No. 28896, U.S.N.M. The genus is named in honor of the late Prof. Edwyn C. Reed, who published several valuable papers on Chilean Diptera, including a catalogue in 1888. Genus ECHINOPYRRHOSIA Townsend Echinopyrrhosia TOWNSEND, Ins. Ins. Menst., vol. 2, 1914, p. 90. ECHINOPYRRHOSIA TROPHOCYON, new species Differs from the genotype (a/pina Townsend) in having no palpi at all, and in having somewhat more numerous spines on the abdomen. As in alpina, the head is very long, the epistoma remarkably project- ing. Front at vertex 0.31 of the head width, frontal bristles sparse, ART. 1 NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA—ALDRICH 19 hairlike above; parafrontals covered with long erect black hairs, which continue on the parafacial. The pollen of the head is dark olive. Parafacial nearly as wide as eye, cheek three-fifths the eye height. Proboscis a little elongated, but not so much as the oral cavity, so it readily folds out of sight entirely. Cilia behind eye remarkably long, back of head with thin ruff of yellow hair. Thorax blackish, not distinctly striped, the black pile of dorsum long and erect; pleura also with the same pile, especially abundant on mesopleura. Scutellum with dense row of straight, stiff spines on margin and a few upright discal. Calypters dark brown. ean black without lighter markings, at first seeming to be entirely covered above and below with stout spines; but on hegre til examination the anterior dorsal half or two-fifths of the third and fourth segments and the whole of the very short first segment, except the sides, are seen to be almost wholly bare. There are very abundant spines in the middle of the venter and at the lateral edges, between these regions some shining black bare surface is visible. Femora black, tibiae and tarsi to tip red; claws red basally, pulvili brown. Femora and tibiae very spiny. Wings entirely infuscated; fourth vein with slightly acute bend a little rounded off, ending far before apex; third vein with only a few hairs at base. Female.—F ront 0.34 of head width, two proclinate orbitals. Length, of both male and female, 12 mm. Described from 1 male and 4 females collected by F. X. Williams, on Mount Tunguragua, Ecuador, January 18, 1923; received from Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, to which two paratypes are returned. Type—Male, Cat. No. 40982, U.S.N.M. Genus CHAETOCRANIOPSIS Townsend Chaetocraniopsis TOWNSEND, Ins. Ins. Menst., vol. 3, 1915, p. 68. The type and sole original species is C. chilensis Townsend, de- scribed on page 69 of the above reference. It was described from a single male specimen, collected by E. C. Reed in Chile, and now in the United States National Museum. The genus was briefly de- scribed in comparison with Chaetocrania, but the generic characters of the latter were never published, as it was established by the mere citation of a species as type.t| The following notes are taken from the type specimen of chilensis. It resembles the genotype of Gona (capitata De Geer) in having reclinate ocellars, the parafrontals and parafacials wide and with coarse hairs, second joint of arista 4Townsend, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 28, 1915, p. 23; type, Svallanzania antennalis Coquillet. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 elongated, face deeply depressed and narrow, its facial ridges high. It differs in having the facial ridges bristly almost up to the arista, which is short and thickened to tip; male without proclinate orbi- tals; the hairs of parafacials and parafrontals much coarser and more erect; the size considerably less, and the body more slender. Otherwise it is structurally very much like Gonia. KEYS TO SPECIES OF CHAETOCRANIOPSIS MALES Arista with blunt tip, pulvilli of front tarsi longer than last tarsal joint; about 13 -pairs! of frontal 2555 = Sas 6 eae eee chilensis Townsend. Arista with acute tip, although thickened for most of its length; front tarsi with small pulvilli; about 8 pairs of frontals__--_____ argenticeps, new species. FEMALES Pollen of parafrontals and parafacials plumbeous__-_----~-~- chilensis Townsend. Pollen of parafrontals and parafacials silvery__-----_ argenticeps, new species. CHAETOCRANIOPSIS CHILENSIS Townsend Chaetocraniopsis chilensis TowNSEND, Ins, Ins. Menst., vol. 3, 1915, p. 69. Besides the male type, the museum has received two females col- lected by Senor A. Faz at Perales, Chile. They have two pairs of orbitals, the arista is acute at tip, the third antennal joint is one and one-half times the second, the parafrontals and parafacials are somewhat less bristly than in the male. They differ from the females of argenticeps in having the front of head more bristly, as well as in the color of its pollen. CHAETOCRANIOPSIS ARGENTICEPS, new species Male.—F¥ront 0.48 of head width at vertex, inner edge of eyes straight and slightly diverging, separated by 0.61 of head width just above vibrissae; parafrontals and parafacials silvery, with less nu- merous bristles than in cAélensis; antennae black, basal joints red, second hardly more than one-fourth as long as third, arista about two-thirds as long as third antennal joint, its apical segment four times the preceding; palpi yellow; cheek one-fourth eye height, dis- tinctly narrower than parafacial, with black hairs; beard of back of head white. Thorax black, with indistinct stripes of pale pollen; dorsocentral 3, 4; sternopleural 4; scutellum with 3 marginal, a spiny suberect apical pair, and a small discal pair; calypters white. Abdomen shining black, basal half to three-forths of second and third segments above white pollinose, which does not continue be- low. First and second segments with a pair of median marginals; third with a stout marginal row of 10; fourth with a smaller mar- ART, 1 NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA—ALDRICH DL ginal row, no discals on any of the segments. Legs black; mid tibia with two erect bristles near middle of outer front side, two on outer hind, and one more sloping on flexor; hind tibia with several irregu- lar on outer hind, two on inner hind and two on outer front side. Wings subhyaline; third vein with 2-3 setules at base, fourth vein with rounded oblique bend, thence nearly straight to costa, more erect than usual. Female.—F ront 0.48 of head width at vertex, face 0.58 just above vibrissae. Second antennal joint one-half the third; a pair of proclinate orbitals. Length, male 7 mm.; female 6.3 mm. } Described from a pair collected at Perales, Chile, by Rev. A. Pirion. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 41390, U.S.N.M. Genus SELENOMYIA Brauer and Bergenstamm Selenomyia BRAUER and BrErRGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 861; pt. 6, 1893, p. 170—AtpricH, Annals Ent. Soe. Amer., vol. 18, 1925, p. 459. The type species, and the only one so far known, is S. brevicornis Brauer and Bergenstamm, mentioned and more or less described in all the above references. Only cone specimen is known, the type, which I borrowed from the Vienna Museum and later sent back. I am now describing three additional species which I refer to this genus; like the genotype, they are from Chile, where it seems to be a characteristic form. The third species, facialis, differs from the others in having the parafacials hairy and may ultimately go into a new genus; but from the slight taxonomic value of this character in other dexiid groups, as, for instance, Ptilodexia and FRutilia, I do not believe it is generic in the present case. In this genus there is a high, sharp carina on the face, and the facial ridges are decidedly convergent and prominent below, so that there are well-marked and deep subantennal depressions which are entirely separated. The cheek is almost equal to the eye height and the parafacials are broad, about two-thirds of the cheek. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SELENOMYIA 1. Abdomen shining green, without pollen_____-___________~_ virens, new species. Abdomen plack-awith pollinose markines!=)) 2 2 2. Tibiae reddish-yellow ; second and third abdominal segments with a pair of arcuate spots of pollen_____________ brevicornis Brauer and Bergenstamm. ibiae black, abdominal’ spots*notsarcuates 92s s ees ee ee 3 3. Parafacials bare except on upper part_--_________-_____ plena, new species. Parafacials with coarse hair down to the lower edge of the eye. facialis, new species. 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 SELENOMYIA VIRENS, new species Male.——Dark metallic green in color, the abdomen wholly shining. Arista bare, hypopleural bristles and postscutellum well developed. Front at vertex narrow, only 0.16 of head width. Dimensions of head in micronometer units: height 66 (eye 38); length (antennal axis) 48; width 74. Vibrissal axis almost as long as antennal, but both back and front of head recede a little below. Pollen of para- frontals dark gray, that of parafacials decidedly brown, between is a large blackish spot on each side of the base of antennae, most dis- tinct from in front. Vibrissae about two-thirds the length of the third antennal joint above the oral margin; facial ridges densely bristly and decidedly convergent on lowest third; face with thin, sharp carina, forming decided antennal grooves; antennae black, third joint hardly twice the second, arista of moderate length, its penultimate joint distinct but hardly elongated. Palpi dark yellow, of normal size; proboscis short, fleshy. Beard black. Thorax dark green, with three broad stripes of white pollen which are distinct at front edge, but fade on the disk and are hardly visible at the suture. Humeri and sides of thorax before wings also with white pollen. Chaetotaxy: acrostichal 3, 8; dorsocentral 3, 4; hu- meral 6; posthumeral 3; presutural 1; notopleural 2 (with hairs around bases) ; supraalar 3-4; intraalar 3; postalar 2; sternopleural 2, 1; scutellum with three large lateral pairs, of which the third might be called large divergent apicals, and one or two pairs of widely spaced smallish discals. Calypters brown with blackish border. Abdomen wholly shining dark green; second abdominal segment with two pairs of median marginals and two pairs of discals, one behind the other; third segment with two pairs of discals and a mar- ginal row; fourth segment with a few erect bristles irregularly placed. Fifth sternite deeply cleft, the lobes with hairs only; genital segments small, dark brown; inner forceps united into a slender, almost needlelike organ, the outer forming broad concave plates as in many dexiids, but in this species decidedly truncate; penis a very slender black plate with a pale prolongation and at the base a pair of erect bladelike semitransparent pieces (claspers?). Wings subhyaline, first posterior cell open and ending considerably before the apex; fourth vein curved backward at the bend, which is rectangular and slightly rounded; third vein with three or four setules at base. Legs black, claws and pulvilli elongated, the latter brownish; front tibia with two outer bristles; middle tibia with three on outer front side; hind with a few irregular on outer side. ART. 1 NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA—-ALDRICH 2a Female —F¥ront 0.27 of head width; two pairs of proclinate orbi- tals. Second abdominal segment with a single pair of median marginals, no discals. Described from two males and one female, collected at Perales, Chile, near Santiago, by Rev. Anastase Pirion. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 41382, U.S.N.M. SELENOMYIA PLENA, new species Male.—Like virens, but lacking the green color, and with abdomi- nal markings. Black throughout, only the palpi yellow; parafacials brown, but without distinct blackish spot above; calypters white, the rim infuscated. Chaetotaxy as in virens, but the inner presutural is present; the third antennal joint is bulbous at tip; the dorsal pollinose stripes of the thorax are more distinct, being visible almost to scutellum; second and third abdominal segments with white pollen except on a broad median shining stripe and the posterior third of each, this pollen extending underneath almost to the middle. Fourth segment with very thin pollen on same portions. Second segment with one discal and one median marginal pair, third with one discal pair and marginal row. Gentalia black; the united inner forceps awl- shaped, the tip blunt, rounded, and turned back; outer forceps slender and pointed, not platelike. Front 0.24 of head width. Described from one male, collected by D. S. Bullock at Angol, Chile, January 2, 1927; and a male and two females collected by Edwards at Concepcion, Chile; Peulla, S. Chile; and Lake Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro, Argentina. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 41383, U.S.N.M. SELENOMYIA FACIALIS, new species Female——F¥ront 0.26 of head width; only one pair of proclinate orbitals, which are high up and almost in the frontal row; the upper- most frontal small and turned outward (it is broken off in the female of virens, so I can not compare the direction and no other females are known) ; parafrontal and parafacial gray-brown pollinose, with- out distinct spot at antennae. Palpi brown; facial ridges on the convergent lower part not so bristly as in virens,; arista pubescent; beard pale yellow except anteriorly; chaetotaxy and thoracic stripes as in virens. Abdomen black, almost covered with thin gray pollen, subshining in some lights, hind edges of segments shining; second segment with a marginal pair, third with marginal row, both with only a few stouter hairs in place of discals. Calypters white, the rim infuscated only on inner side. Legs as in virens, but the front tibia has a single outer bristle, and the hind one has a trace of reddish color on the middle. Wing as in wrens. 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, T+ Described from one female collected at Perales, Chile, by Rey. Anastase Pirion. Type.—Female, Cat. No. 41384, U.S.N.M. PIRIONA, new genus Hypopleural bristles and postscutellum well developed; ocellars large in both sexes, curving directly to the side, neither proclinate nor reclinate; eyes and parafacials densely pilose; frontals ending hardly below base of second antennal joint; outer verticals not devel- oped, inner strong, just behind them on occiput a smaller pair of con- vergent bristles, almost decussate; back of head bulging, front not prominent, antennal axis slightly exceeding vibrissal; cheek one-third of eye height, parafacial one-half of cheek; facial ridges bare, not prominent, vibrissae at oral margin, which is slightly above lower edge of head, not protruding; palpi normal, proboscis short, fleshy ; anten- nae inserted just below level of middle of eye, reaching nearly to vibrissae, third joint rather wide, hardly twice as broad as long and much less than twice the second; arista bare, penultimate joint short; female with usual two pairs of proclinate orbitals. Scutellum with two laterals, a long decussate apical pair, and several irregular erect straight bristles. No acrostichals immediately before suture. A few minute infrasquamal setules present. Abdomen without median mar- ginals on first segment, a pair of large discals and a pair of large marginals on second, third with a pair of large discals and a marginal row (marginals of second and third rather far forward). Female without piercer. Legs with large bristles, middle tibia with one large on flexor side, hind with several large bristles widely spaced on outer hind side. Wing of ordinary form, no costal spine, first vein bare, third with a few large hairs at base; fourth vein with angular, slightly oblique bend, ending distinctly before tip, the hind cross vein straight and joining fourth vein at last fourth of distance from small cross vein to bend. I am unable to find a genus in the national collection with which this is closely related. Genotype.—Piriona fasciculata, new species. PIRIONA FASCICULATA, new species Male—Black, palpi at least basally and the tip of the second an- tennal joint reddish yellow. Front wide, 0.29 of head width on upper third, widening gradually ; frontals 8, decussate, none reclinate, the first anterior to the ocellar triangle; frontal stripe wide, black; parafacials and parafrontals black, subshining; beard black. Thorax black, shining, with traces of white pollen at front edge only. Chaetotaxy: acrostichal 2, 2 (hindmost large and rather far before anv. 1 NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA—ALDRICH 25 scutellum) ; dorsocentral 3, 8; humeral 4; posthumeral 1; presutural 1; notopleural 2 (surrounded by hairs); supraalar 3; intraalar 3; postalar 2; sternopleural 2, 1; scutellum as mentioned. Calypters white, the rim blackish on inner edge. Abdomen broad and rather deep, the genital segments giving it a truncate appearance, sub- shining black but the intermediate segments with some thin white pollen in oblique view; bristles of fourth segment large and erect anteriorly, becoming denser and smaller on posterior part. First genital segment rather prominent, declivous, o second more _ bulging. \ Sy Inner forceps united into a slender black or- gan slightly bent for- ward at tip; outer for- ceps also black and slen- Fic. 2.—PIRIONA FASCICULATA, NEW SPECIES. HIND LEG OF MALE. (DRAWN BY C. T. GREENE) der; penis and claspers black but not distinctly visible in the only specimen. Legs rather stout, front claws and pulvilli a little elongated; mid tibia with several bristles on outer front side, one at the middle fully half as iong as the tibia, and one of almost the same length on the flexor side; hind tibia besides those on outer hind side has three on outer front and the same on inner hind. Hind coxa with a fasciculus of long black hairs on inner edge; hind femur curved, with a prominence at two-thirds of its length below, bearing a remarkable fasciculus of long black hairs. (Fig. 2.) Wing grayish, gradually becoming more clouded toward base. Female.—Front at vertex 0.80 of head width, very gradually wider anteriorly. Genital segments not in position to examine, but evidently without piercer. Hind femur without fasciculi. Length, 6.2 mm. Described from one male and one female collected at Marga Marga, Chile, by Rev. Anastase Pirion, after whom I name this remarkable genus. Also from one male collected by Edwards at Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina (British Museum) ; and three males collected by Shannon, two at the place just mentioned, the other at Lago Gutierrez, Rio Negro, Argentina. Type—Male, Cat. No. 41385, U.S.N.M. O a ane att. ppt 4 A at heh Tie nega rs eye es ie | i 3 arin gat FHREE NEW SPECIES OF TWO-WINGED FLIES OF THE FAMILY BOMBYLIIDAE FROM INDIA By J. M. Avpricw Associate Curator, Division of Insects, United Siates National Musewm The following new species of Bombyliidae were reared by C. P. Clausen as secondary parasites on Hymenoptera of the genus Tiphia, which were parasites of scarabaeid beetles of the subfamily Rutelinae in India. Mr. Clausen also reared Hyperalonia oenomaus Rondani with the same habits and in the same region. APHEOGEBANTUS CLAUSENI, new species Male—Ground color black except femora and tibiae. Head glo- bose, hind margin of eye with the usual deep notch and bisection ; occiput with deep cleft behind vertex; front at vertex twice as wide - as ocellar triangle, gradually widening to antennae, where it is about one-fourth of the head width; face receding; front and face with black hairs, the former with golden appressed scales, the latter with erect yellow hairs mixed with the black; antennae short, the third joint obliquely onion-shaped, the basal enlarged part shorter than second joint, the style about equal to half the slender part of the joint. Dorsum of thorax and scutellum thinly covered with ap- pressed deep golden tangled hairs mixed with erect slender black ones; a collar of yellow hairs next to head; pleurae glaucous, meso- pleura with abundant yellow hairs; three rather large black bristles before base of wing and several on postalar callus; scutellum with four pairs of black bristles on margin, equally spaced. Abdomen with same golden appressed hair as mesonotum, mixed with black hairs not so erect; first segment with dense brush on each side of erect blunt yellow hairs. Legs yellow, the coxae, base of front femora, tip of hind femora above, and tarsi black: all the tibiae with rows of small spines; pulvilli normal; hind femur without row of bristles on lower hind edge. Halteres yellow, distal part of stem and base of knob infuscated. Wings brown, gradually paler poste- riorly; second vein branching from third opposite extreme base of No. 2747.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 74, ART. 2 2606—28 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T4 diseal cell; anal cell wide open; second vein joining costa at a right angle. Length, 4.5 to 6 mm. Described from three males, Shillong, India. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 40301, U.S.N.M.; one paratype will be de- posited in the British Museum. Only one species of Aphoebantus has been described from India heretofore, ceylonicus Brunetti, which has the thoracic and scutellar bristles yellow, as well as the erect: hairs on thorax and abdomen; the description indicates that the abdomen is more or less banded, which is not the case in A. clausend. APHOEBANTUS SERATUS, new species Male.—Differs from A. clauseni only in the following: The front at vertex is considerably narrower; the middle femora are black on basal half or more; the hind femora have a row of distinct spines on iower inner edge from base almost to tip; the wings are paler, the only distinct infuscation being at extreme base and in the subcostal cell; the first and third veins on the dorsal surface are smooth, while under high power they appear dotted in A. clauseni as if hairy, although I can see no hairs on them in my specimens. Third _antennal joint missing. Length, 5.2 mm. Described from one male, Shillong, India. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 40302, U.S.N.M. EXOPROSOPA SIPHO, new species Female—Ground color black except the tibiae and_basitarsi. Wings deeply infuscated on basicostal half with spots on the forks of veins in the clear. portion. Front of head at vertex about one-fifth the width of the head, widening to one-third at the antennae. Thinly sprinkled with elongate yellow appressed scales and erect black hairs. Face with the same covering, slightly brown at edge of mouth. Proboscis con- siderably elongate, when directed forward exceeding the antennae. Thorax rather sparsely sprinkled with the same scales as on the head, more dense on scutellum; some black bristles in front of wing and on the postalar region, the latter also having rather dense and somewhat elongated yellow hair. Mesonotum and scutellum also with erect delicate hairs which are more brown than black in the middle part. Pleura with a dense tuft of black hairs on upper half of mesopleura, the lower half with thin and delicate but rather long hair. Sternopleura with a few mostly yellowish hairs which extend upward along the anterior part of the pteropleura, the metapleura with long dense bristly hairs which are about one-half yellow. ART. 2 THREE NEW SPECIES OF TWO-WINGED FLIES—ALDRICH 3 Abdomen black with mixed black and yellow appressed scales. On the first segment there are dense long, erect, scaly hairs at the sides, continuing in a thin and reduced series across the middle. The second segment shows a few paler scales across the base, hardly enough to call crossbands; the following segments show scarcely any banding except the last three which when viewed from behind show mostly black scales across the base. The sides of the abdomen are fringed with large blunt, black scales, a few whitish. The venter is covered with long, slender, yellow hairs not very dense. Legs cov- ered with mixed light and dark scales. Pulvilli wanting; hind femur with a row of about seven bristles on the lower front edge. Wing dark brown on basicostal half, brownish hyaline on the remainder, the line of division not very distinct, running obliquely from the mid- dle of the axillary cell to the costa just before the apex. All the forks and crossveins bear spots and there is a slight trace of addi- tional infuscation along the anterior fork of the second vein near its tip, a less distinct trace on the posterior fork of the same and a slight spot in the open apex of the anal cell. Length, 4.6 and 4.8 mm. Described from two females, Shillong, India. Type—FKemale, Cat. No. 40303, U.S.N.M. This species is close to Hwoprosopa insulata Walker, but ac- cording to the descriptions of Brunetti and Nurse /. sipho differs in having a much longer proboscis, the dense bristly hairs of the pleura confined to the upper edge, the abdomen with very indis- tinct bands and with well-developed scales along the edges, and the venter covered with pale hairs. In the paratype specimen the proboscis would, if directed forward, extend a little beyond the antennae, but in the type the organ is lengthened out as if by the straightening of an elbow so that it is about as long as the whole body not counting the head; or as it projects downward from the head its length is equal to about two and a half times the vertical diameter of the head. The paratype specimen will be deposited in the British Museum. (a VL prictinnarts “suv alt wo enidaind fsvrse ano0th to 95/4 riobatvart sft ao onan Melty ao mvord Axnk -bing ed mrort, glorpile ne ) yey son wtoizivib Foon adh 7 PWR Ge HEE Diath ‘cer i es AS cae) Ayoi Toouiy dst: ai anil bite, Wage aisik naiverar in bie ane om ete uisd Gadsee WAT hy shed toate odd! a | ee ae ae adh “AMOD naittdeeseg heb tet wpe) Mather ideally cs Tefen nee fae bene eilt kestpl, dace nes . 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NEW FOSSIL PEARLY FRESH-WATER MUSSELS FROM DEPOSITS ON THE UPPER AMAZON OF PERU By Wiiu1am B. MarsHaty Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, United States National Museum The United States National Museum has recently received some fossil Naiads collected by Prof. Joseph T. Singewald, of Johns Hopkins University, in deposits at the headwaters of the Upper Amazon, Peru; also another sending collected by Dr. Harvey Bassler, likewise from Peruvian deposits. The exact geological horizon from which these shells were obtained has not been definitely settled to date. Conrad? says, “It is not possible to state without doubt what the relative stratigraphical position of this group may be, but if all the species are extinct it can not be later than the Tertiary. The Pleistocene origin of the group is at least very doubtful.” None of the species found in these deposits are living to-day. Associated with these mussels were large numbers of Anisothyris, Isaea, Neritina, and other fossils, which are brackish-water forms. It is quite possible that the Naiads were swept in to these deposits from higher levels by floods, and thus came to be mingled with the brackish-water faunas. These shells, therefore, argue for the existence of bodies of fresh water at the time they were living at or near the place where they were found. Until now only one Naiad has been described from the deposit, namely, Anodon batesiti Woodward. As Anodon (=Anodonta) does not occur in South America, this shell is probably an Anodontites belonging in the family Mutelidae. The new species described herein belong in the subfamily Hyriinae of the family Mutelidae and are the first fossil species of that subfamily described from South America. They are related to two genera, Diplodon and Hyria, as will be shown in the remarks under the new genus Prodiplodon. PRODIPLODON, new genus Pearly fresh-water mussels of the family Mutelidae with beak sculpture resembling that of the genus Diplodon and also that of 1 Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. 6, p. 192, 1870. No. 2748.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 74, ArT. 3. 2607—28 1 > PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 the genus Hyria, and consisting of several V-shaped undulations, “nesting” one within the other, and other undulations on the ante- rior and posterior umbonal areas, each pair of which if continued would form another V in the series. Type of the genus—Prodiplodon singewaldi, new species, de- scribed in this paper. | This genus is distinctly related to Diplodon and to Hyria and seems to stand about midway between them. In Diplodon the undu- lations are more nearly direct radial than V-shaped. In Hyria they are composed of “nested” V’s but in that genus the shell is alate anteriorly and posteriorly. The fossils at hand give no indication of having been alate posteriorly, but in the type the anterior end is minutely winged. It is possible that this genus was the forerunner of both Hyria and Diplodon. Prodiplodon may have one living representative in “ Castalia” pazi Hidalgo,? the type locality of which is Imbabura, Ecuador. Simpson* places it in the genus ‘Diplodon. From the description and figure it appears to be a ‘Prodiplodon and a direct descendent of the new fossil species Prodi- plodon singewaldi. It appears to be the only Diplodon-like species living in the region near the localities in which the fossils were found. True Diplodon is most plentiful in the La Plata system and in south- eastern Brazil. It occurs also in Chile and eastern Brazil, a couple of species in Guiana, and a couple in Patagonia. The abundance of ‘Diplodon, evidently a descendent of Prodiplodon, in the La Plata system is interesting when considered in connection with Hrodona (apparently descended from Aznisothyris, the most plentiful fossil in the deposits under consideration) which is found in the brackish waters of the La Plata estuary. PRODIPLODON SINGEWALDI, new species Plate 1, figs. 3, 6 Shell rather compressed, somewhat quadrate in form, rounded in front, slopingly truncated at the rear. Ventral margin a little curved in its median portion, sweepingly rounding into the anterior margin and making a broad angle with the posterior margin. Dorsal margin arched, making a very broad, scarcely noticeable, angle with the posterior margin. Beaks well forward, about 19 mm. behind the extreme anterior end and 51 mm. in front of the extreme posterior end. Posterior ridge low, slightly angulated at upper part of shell, anterior ridge almost entirely lacking. Sculpture of very prominent concentric lines marking rest periods, with minor concentric striae be- tween them. Umbonal area sharply and closely sculptured with ra- eT gg eee 2 Journ. de Conch., vol. 8, p. 353, pl. 13, fig. 6, 1868. 8 Descriptive Cat. Naiades, p. 1273, 1914. ART. 3 NEW FOSSIL MUSSELS FROM PERU—MARSHALL aS diating threads or riblets. Those at the anterior portion are narrow, curved, somewhat granulous and do not rapidly increase in thick- ness. Those at the posterior end are also curved but increase rapidly in size. In the middle portion the threads join into several! V’s with nearly straight sides. The curved threads of the front and rear por- tions if continued would form V’s with curving sides. Some of the sculpture shows a tendency to continue into the next area after the distinct umbonal period was passed; at the anterior end this tendency shows itself in several direct but rather obscure threads which con- tinue across the next growth area. Pseudocardinal teeth plate-like, nearly parallel to the dorsal margin and close to the tip of the beak. Lateral tooth long and curved. The type (Cat. No. 370808, U.S. N. M.) measures: Length, 70 mm. ; height, 39 mm.; diameter, if both valves were present, would be about 20 mm. A paratype forms Cat. No. 370809, and a paratype was returned to Professor Singewald. They came from Paucarpata, on the Maranon River, and were collected by Dr. Joseph T. Singewald, jr., in whose honor the species has been named. The most striking feature of this species is the neat, clean-cut character of the umbonal sculpture. The species is related to Prodiplodon paucarpatensis described in this paper, but is less elongate and somewhat more nasute. It is related also to Prodiplodon basslert Marshall which, however, has an elliptic outline and the beak sculpture pointing differently. The three species form a very natural group. PRODIPLODON BASSLERI, new species Plate 1, fig. 1 Shell moderately thin, rather compressed, elliptic, slightly nar- rower in front. Ventral margin regularly curved, rounding regu- larly into the posterior margin, and apparently into the anterior margin also. Posterior ridge low and rounded. Anterior ridge not differentiated from the general surface. Beak set well forward, about 10 mm. behind the anterior margin, and 50 mm. in front of the posterior margin. Sculpture of fairly well-marked concentric striae and lines showing rest periods—the earlier ones set obliquely across the general surface of the shell. Sculpture of umbonal area somewhat obscured but evidently similar to that of Prodiplodon singewaldé but the points of the V’s pointing in the general direc- tion of the postero-ventral margin, while in Prodiplodon singewaldi they are directed toward a point anterior to the middle of the ven- tral margin. Pseudocardinal teeth placed directly under the tip of the beak. Anterior adductor scar very deep, posterior scar nearly superficial. Pallial line at rear end about 10 mm. from the ventral margin. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 The type, (Cat. No. 370811, U.S.N.M.) measures: Length, 60 mm.; height, about 38 mm.; diameter, if both valves were present, would be about 16 mm.° It was collected at Pebas, Peru, by Dr. Harvey Bassler in whose honor the species is named. Related to Prodiplodon singewaldi described in this paper, from which it dif- fers in having the outline elliptic instead of quadrate. It groups also with Prodiplodon paucarpatensis. PRODIPLODON PAUCARPATENSIS, new species Plate 1, fig. 4 Shell compressed, elongate trapezoidal, slightly narrower in front, slopingly truncated at the rear. Dorsal margin nearly straight, ventral margin nearly straight, rounding into the anterior margin, Joining the posterior margin at an angle. Beaks well for- ward, about 18 mm. from extreme anterior end, 56 mm. from ex- treme posterior end. Descent from beaks to anterior margin rather abrupt. Posterior ridge low and rounded. Posterior dorsal area long and broad. Sculpture of well-marked concentric lines of growth. Umbonal portion of shell with sculpture evidently similar in general pattern to that of Diplodon singewaldi described in this paper, but weathered, so that details can not be pointed out. The whole shell lacks its outer surface and is nearly white. The type (Cat. No. 370810, U.S. N.M.) measures: Length, 74 mm.; height, 39 mm.; diameter, 18 mm. It comes from Paucarpata, on the Maranon River, and was collected by Dr. Joseph T. Singewald, jr., of Johns Hopkins University. This species has the form com- mon to the well-known Unio complanatus of the United States. It is related to Prodiplodon singewaldi Marshall, but differs in form, being more elongate and less oblique. It is related also but not so closely to Prodiplodin bassleri. EOLRIPLODPGN, new genus Beaks with very coarse, nearly direct radial undulation, some of which are broken up into nodules. Close to the tip of the beak each pair of undulations unites into a V but the later ones become nearly direct and do not form a V. Type of the genus, Lodiplodon gardnerae Marshall, described below. This genus also is related to the recent genus Diplodon. EODIPLODON GARDNERAE, new species Plate 1, figs. 2, 8 Shell rather thin, very elongate, beak set very far forward, about 7 mm. behind extreme anterior margin, 57 mm. in front extreme posterior margin. Dorsal margin somewhat broken but evidently ART. 3 NEW FOSSIL MUSSELS FROM PERU—-MARSHALL 5 nearly straight posterior to the beak and sloping downward to the posterior margin. Anterior to the beak the very short dorsal de- scends rapidly to meet the anterior margin. Ventral margin nearly regularly curved, sweeping into the anterior margin in a broad curve and not differentiated from it. Posteriorly the shell becomes nar- rower, the ventral margin curving sharply to join the posterior mayr- gin, the two margins differentiated from each other by the end of the posterior ridge. Posterior ridge well marked, with an indistinct rib running along its summit. Posterior area with two faint radiat- ing grooves forming a low, broad rib between them. General surface of shell rather smooth, concentric growth lines not well marked except on the posterior area and near the anterior margin. At the anterior end of ventral margin are five short radiating flutings. A faint groove just appreciable to touch and made faintly visible by a dark line extends from the beak to the ventral margin just behind its middle point, probably marking the depth to which the animal in- serted itself into the material of the bottom. Interior pearly, ante- rior adductor scar deep, posterior scar well marked but shallow. Pallial line well marked, about 6 mm. from the ventral margin. Umbonal area very prominent because of the strong radial sculptur- ing. At the anterior end this sculpture consists of five fine, rather granular, curving sharp threads, the middle area shows a crudely V-shaped arrangement, partly broken up into stout nodules. The posterior portion has several direct radiating threads or riblets. The type (Cat. No. 370812, U.S.N.M.) measures: Length, 64 mm. ; height, about 30 mm.; diameter if both valves were present would be about 16mm. It was collected by Doctor Singewald at Pebas, Peru, and is named in honor of Dr. Julia A. Gardner, of the United States Geological Survey. Cat. No. 370814 includes a cast, a partially preserved umbonal portion, and a number of fragments, all from the type locality. Several partially preserved specimens were re- turned to Professor Singewald. The type, owing to a rich chestnut coloring due to a ferruginous stain, has almost the appearance of a recent shell. The species is not closely related to any known recent species. In boldness and extent of umbonal sculpture it is scarcely equaled by any recent spe- cies, and in the breaking up of part of the sculpture into nodules it stands unique. EODIPLODON PEBASENSIS, new species Plate 1, figs. 5, 7 Shell apparently rather compressed, thick, rounded in front, obliquely truncated behind. Dorsal margin lightly arched, ventral margin slightly curved, meeting the posterior margin in an obtuse angle, and rounding into the anterior margin. Posterior ridge low 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL .MUSEUM VOL. 74 and not well pronounced. Beak set well forward, about’ 5 mm. from anterior edge and 20 mm. from posterior end. Concentric sculpture of faint growth lines. Umbonal region boldly sculptured with radiating ribs and nodules. The anterior portion has five direct, sharp, faintly granulate radiating threads. The middle portion has the riblets arranged in V pattern and somewhat nodulous. The pos- terior portion has four sharp, direct slender threads. Pseudocardinal tooth stout. The type (Cat. No. 370813, U.S.N.M.) is:a fragment but includes all the shell up to a well-marked rest period. At that period it meas- ured: Length, 25 mm.; height, 13 mm. It came from Pebas, Peru, and was collected by Dr. Joseph T. Singewald. In beak sculpture this species resembles and might be mistaken for Hodiplodon gardnerae, but careful examination shows marked differences. In form the two species are very different, Hodiplodon gardnerae being very elongate, narrow, and rather inflated, while Eodiplodon pebasensis is subquadrate, broad, especially at the pos- terior end, and rather compressed. ANODONTITES? Included with the collection sent by Doctor Singewald are some fragments of a very large fossil pearly fresh-water mussel, from Tarapoto, Peru. Cat. No. 370815. There is not enough left to determine the genus, but what we know of the microscopic structure of the South American Naiades leads to the belief that they belong to some genus in the subfamily Mutelinae of the family Mutelidae. The shell must have been very large and massive, as one of the fragments from along the ventral margin has a thickness of about 8 mm., and the pallial line is about 27 mm. from the ventral edge. These measurements are not equaled by any known South American Naiad, recent or fossil. They call to mind the size and massive- ness of our largest North American Naiades, namely, the genus Crenodonta. The numerous layers of nacreous material, each very thin, between the pallial line and ventral margin indicate that the shell was aged, and that growth at this period was very slow. Dur- ing this time the pallial line appears to have remained nearly sta- tionary. The prismatic layer is very thick (in some places about a millimeter) indicating a member of the Mutelinae and not the Hyriinae, as in the latter the layer is thin and usually flakes off with the periostracum. In spots the component spicules of the prismatic layer have separated from each other and lie scattered about or in a heap. ART. 3 NEW FOSSIL MUSSELS FROM PERU—MARSHALL a BIBLIOGRAPHY The following list of papers comprises about all that has been published on the formations considered in this paper: 1869. W. M. Gass, Descriptions of fossils from the clay deposits of the Upper Amazon, Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. 4, pp. 197-200, pl. 16. 1871. T. A. CoNRap, Descriptions of new fossil shells of the Upper Amazon, Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. 6, pp, 192-198, pl. 10. 1872. C. F. Hartt, On the Tertiary basin of the Maranon, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, ser. 3, vol. 4, pp. 58-58. 1878. Oskar Bortreer, Die Tertiarfauna von Pebas am oberen Maranon, k. k. Reichsanstalt, vol. 28, pp. 485-504, pls. 13 and 14. 1879. C. BARRINGTON Brown, On the Tertiary deposits on the Solimoes and Javary Rivers in Brazil, Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 35, pp. 77-82. 1879. R. Erueriper. Note on the mollusca collected by C. Barrington Brown from the Tertiary deposits of Solimoes and Javery Rivers, Brazil. Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 35, pp. 82-88, pl. 7. This paper is an appendix to the preceding one. ; 1921. M. G. pe OttvimrA. Breve noticia sobre os fosseis terciarios do Alto Amazonas, Boletin Service geologico e mineralogico do Brasil. No. 11, pp. 41-52, 1 plate. 1927. JuLIA GaRpNER. A recent collection of late Pliocene invertebrates from the headwaters of the Amazon, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 17, no. 20, pp. 505-509. EXPLANATION OF PLATE Fig. 1. Prodiplodon bassleri, new species nat. size. . Hodiplodon gardnerae, new species nat. size. . Prodiplodon singewaldi, new species nat. size. . Prodiplodon paucarpatensis, new species nat. size. . Hodiplodon pebasensis, new species nat. size. . Prodiplodon singewaldi, new species. Beak sculpture X 2 diameters. . Hodiplodon pebasensis, new species. Beak sculpture X 2 diameters. . Hodiplodon gardnerae, new species. Beak sculpture X 2 diameters. O CO 1 & or RP ow bo ae. as ITE 4 to OF. ay. . ¢ “4 : . me, . : - ; « r H ‘ 7 a . 7 ‘ ’ rf rd etn LP “ aes sie hs aft ay ay ; : ‘ ten hae ae, ‘ Tay Si Ge. | ; (iO - ; wills $300 4 2" nay Phe Bee het (Re Bn 001 a iE 4 are fa ed Sie 24 . j “, ily r* rdfoaeaiip i ‘ h : pate Pe tie . ‘ y Plait) ied, 2 At an ps + ' . — P z4 i Bas’ vA a ntizn : Vi ticy fh a Ny = he int ep aegis ¥ i. ‘J oh , Sty ’ ; y Py” i wr, « i mes om) a imine u wor Om sue fe a 7 4 take pcm rait, idea) ng n 4a th Stare enh. as caine? a CS Cad IA SMHS. Woe MOHD ioavondeld Rivas s er Aa ute “d vi ja! ‘akin sag ve eee 3S ase 0 Sipe Hed? yo Nias eget ‘ oa Qin y fina se nainincg wines nsec A : ti uw vrait wt iT schu ’ ; his . & * vee les ghee oe 9 Ate nnn ARiiz- 3.) (PIC VOL. 74, PROCEEDINGS, NATIONAL MUSEUM U. S. WATER MUSSELS FROM PERU NEw FRESH FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 7 ’ ay 5 cn C Voi —§ iad = _ — te, 5 ern a C2 7 7 Su TWO NEW NEMATODE WORMS FROM RODENTS By Emmertr W. Price Of the Zoological Division, Bureau of Animal Indusiry, United States Depart- . ment of Agriculture In this paper two nematodes which appear to be new species from rodents are described. ‘The first of these species was collected from the cecum and colon of a flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans volans, which was found dead by Miss Florence Thompson, librarian of the Bureau of Animal Industry, at her home at Falls Church, Va., July 28, 1927. 'This parasite belongs to the family Oxyuridae Cobbold, 1864, subfamily Syphaciinae Railliet, 1916, and genus Syphacia Seurat, 1916. For this species the name Syphacia thompsoni is proposed. The second species was collected from the small intestine of a gray squirrel, Scturus carolinensis, which was killed near Bowie, Md., by Dr. Albert Hassall, October 10, 1927. This species belongs to the family Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1912, subfamily Helimosominae Travassos, 1914, and genus Heligmostrongylus Travassos, 1917. For this species the name Heligmostrongylus hassalli is proposed. SYPHACiIA THOMPSONI, new species Specific diagnosis —Sy phacia: Slender forms, milk white in color, male much smailer than female, and with the tail of both sexes very long and slender. Cuticula coarsely striated transversely. ‘The mouth is provided with three lps of about equal size. The cir- cumoral papillae and amphids are situated laterally in two groups, each group consisting of two small submedian papillae and a large umbilicated amphid or so-called lateral papilla. (Fig. 1.) Male 3.1 mm. long and 156 to 160% wide. The posterior end of the male is strongly curved ventrally in the form of a hook. (ig. 2.) The cuticle of the anterior end of the body is inflated and is 78 to 98 in diameter and extends from the base of the lips to the level of the cervical papillae. The esophagus is club-shaped, 250 to 280 long by 388 wide at the narrowest part and increasing to 60, at the posterior end. The esophageal bulb is spherical, 76 to 994 in diam- No. 2749.—PrRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 74, ART. 4 2608—28 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 eter, and is joined to the esophagus by a short slender constriction. The nerve ring surrounds the esophagus about 90 from the anterior end of the body. The excretory pore opens ventrally 75u caudad of the esophageal bulb. ‘The cervical papillae are situated 172 to 214y from the anterior end of the body. The lateral alae arise imme- diately caudad of the cervical papillae and extend to within a short distance from the cloacal aperture.’ The tail is long and slender, and terminates in a fine point. (Fig. 3.) There are two narrow, sym- metrical bursal alae and three pairs of caudal papillae, one pair pre- anal, one pair adanal, and one pair postanal; the postanal papillae are large and pedunculated, and support the caudal alae. The clo- acal aperture is situated on a slight prominence 340 to 4354 from the end of the tail. Immediately caudad of the cloacal aperture there is a small rounded prominence which bears six small spikelike projections. The spicule is simple, slightly curved, and 156 to 190p long by 18 wide at the base. The gubernaculum is 95 to 110, long, directed transversely, and is provided at its distal end with a barb- like hook. (Fig. 4.) The ventral surface of the body bears three large, finely striated bosses or mamelons. The most caudad of these prominences lies 250u in front of the cloacal aperture and is 156 to 187» long; the second lies 140 to 155 anterior of the first and is 125 to 155u long; and the third is 95 to 125» anterior of the second and is 125 to 140y long. Female 11 to 14 mm. long and with a maximum width of 357 to 430. The esophagus is 435y long by 45y wide at the anterior end and increases to 981 in width at the posterior end. The esophageal bulb is 117 to 310% wide. The nerve ring surrounds the esophagus about 120u from the anterior end of the body. The cephalic dilation is 120 to 170 wide in outside diameter. The cervical papillae are sit- uated 260 to 280% from the anterior end of the body. The excretory pore is situated about 470u caudad of the union of the intestine and esophageal bulb. The lateral alae begin at the cervical papillae and extend to the posterior end of the body. The anus is situated 3 to 4 mm. from the tip of the tail. The vulva is situated 1.6 mm. from the anterior end of the body. (Fig. 5.) In immature specimens the vulva is covered with a brownish colored plaque; in gravid specimens, however, the vagina is protruded. Eggs oval, flattened on one side, and 96 to 98u long by 28 to 38y wide. Host.—Glaucomys volans volans. Location—Cecum and colon. Locality —F¥ alls Church, Va. Type specimens—United States National Museum Helmintho- logical Collections No. 27827; paratypes No. 27793. Syphacia thompsoni resembles S. obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802), the type of the genus, in body form and in the number of ventral mame- ART. 4 NEW NEMATODE WORMS FROM RODEN TS—PRICE a lons in the male. It differs, however, in that the former species is about twice the size of the latter, the tail of both sexes is proportion- ally longer and more slender, the spicule and gubernaculum larger, and the egg smaller. The presence of a spiny process caudad of the cloacal aperture also appears to be characteristic of the new species. This species is readily distinguishable from S. pallaryi (Seurat, 1915) by the number of ventral mamelons, there being but two in the latter species. Yorke and Maplestone (1926) list S. bonnet Thiel, 1925, from Mycetes seniculus, and S. stossichi (Setti, 1897) from Hystrix cris- tata, in addition to S. obvelata and S. pallaryi, as belonging to the genus Syphacia. Travassos (1925), however, has shown that S. bonnei is identical with Hnterobius minutus (Schneider, 1866). The inclusion of S. stossichi (=Oxyuris stossichi) in this genus by Tra- vassos (1923) appears to the writer to be subject to question. ‘The bosses or mamelons figured by Setti (1897) are too small and sit- uated too near the cloacal aperture to be considered comparable to the large mamelons of the other species of the genus; there also ap- pears to be an absence of caudal alae, papillae, and a gubernaculum. On the basis of these differences it is the opinion of the writer that if S. stossichi is restudied, it will probably be found to represent a new genus. HELIGMOSTRONGYLUS HASSALLI, new species Specific diagnosis —Heligmostrongylus: Small slender worms, reddish in color and loosely coiled when fresh, yellowish and almost straight when preserved in alcohol. Cuticle of the anterior end dilated and coarsely striated transversely. (Fig. 6.) The cuticle of the body is finely striated transversely and is also provided with small striated bosses (fig. 7) arranged in the form of 14 to 16 longi- tudinal lines. These lines extend from the cephalic dilation to the vulva of the female, and to the bursa of the male. A well-defined ala extends along the left side of the body from the cephalic dilation to the vulva in the female, and to near the bursa in the male. Cervical papillae not observed. The mouth opening is triangular and bears 2 submedian papillae, and one amphid (the lateral papilla of various authors) on each side. (Fig. 8.) Male 5.3 to 6.8 mm. long by a maximum width of 122» at the middle of the body. The cephalic expansion is 38. wide and 75p long. The esophagus is simple, 290 to 300» long by 15 wide at the anterior end and increasing to 40x in width at the posterior end. The nerve ring surrounds the esophagus about 150% from the an- terior end. The excretory pore is situated immediately caudad of the posterior end of the esophagus. The bursa consists of two large 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 lateral lobes and a smaller dorsal lobe. The ventro-ventral and latero- ventral rays are widely separated and divergent, the latero-ventral ray being longer than the ventro-ventral and extending to the edge of the bursa; externo-lateral ray slightly thicker than the other rays; medio-lateral ray relatively thick and extending almost to the edge of the bursa; externo-lateral ray short and divergent; externo- dorsal ray slender; dorsal ray cleft almost to the base, forming two branches which in turn give off a lateral branch near the origin of the primary branch. (Fig. 9.) Prebursal papille present. The spicules are tubular, pointed, and 385, long by 16m wide at the base. Gubernaculum absent. The telamon (fig. 10) is feebly chitinized and elongated; its anterior end pointed and embedded in the ventral wall of the cloaca; the lateral edges are inrolled, forming a tube through which the spicules pass; slightly caudad of the middle of the telamon a slender lateral process is given off which appears to furnish attachment for muscles. Female 8.4 to 8.6 mm. long and 76 wide at the vulva. The esoph- agus is 350u long by 20» wide at the anterior end and the width increases to 50» at the widest portion. The nerve ring is situated 210» from the anterior end of the body. The tail is short and blunt. (Fig. 11.) The anus is situated about 53» from the tip of the tail. The uterus is single and is provided at its distal end with a strongly muscular ovejector which measures 220u in length. The vulva is situated about 180. from the posterior end of the body. In some specimens a short, thick, ventral process is present immediately in front of the vulva. Egg 76» long by 45, wide, oval in shape and provided with a thin shell. Host.—Seciurus carolinensis. Location—Small intestine. Locality —Bowie, Maryland. Type specimens—United States National Museum Helmintho- logical Collections No. 27853; paratypes No. 27860. This sepcies differs from Heligmostrongylus sedecimradiaius (Linstow 1899) in its smaller size, shorter spicules and dorsal ray. The dorsal ray in H. hassalli is not cleft entirely to the base and the lateral branches arise near the bifurcation. In H. sedecimradiatus the dorsal ray is cleft entirely to its base forming a double dorsal ray, and the lateral branches are given off about the middle of the primary branches. Travassos (1921) says that a gubernaculum is present in S. sedecimradia‘us, but from his figure of the bursa of this species the shape and position of this structure suggest that it functions as a telamon and that a gubernaculum is absent. ART. 4 NEW NEMATODE WORMS FROM RODENTS—PRICE 5 REFERENCES SETTI, ERNESTO. 1897.—Nuovi elminti dell’ Hritrea. Boll. mus. di zool. (ete.), Genova (vol. 57), 50 pp., pls. 8-9, 41 figs. SeuraT, L. G. 1915.—Sur deux nouveaux oxyures du Maroc. Bull. Soc. d’hist. nat. de l’Afrique du nord, Alger, vol. 7 (2), 15 fev., pp. 24-81, figs. 1-9. TRAVASSOS, LAURO. 1921.—Contribuicdes para o conhecimento da fauna helmintolojica bra- sileira. XIII. Ensaio monografico do familia Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1909. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Jan. Manguinhos, vol. 138 (1), pp. 1-135, pls. 1-56, figs. 1-250. 1923.—Informacds sobre a fauna helminthologica de Matto Grosso. Folha Med., Rio de Jan., vol. 4 (5), p. 35. 1925—Fauna brasiliense. Nematodes. Oayuroidea-Oxryuridae. Revisio do genero Hnterobius Leach, 1858. Mus. vac. do Rio de Jan., new ser., No. 2, 11 pp., 2 pls., figs. 1-15. YORKE, WARRINGTON; and MApLESTONE, P. A. -. 1926.—The nematode parasites of vertebrates. With a foreword by C. W. Stiles. xi+-536 pp., 307 figs. London. EXPLANATION OF PLATES a=anus. oesb=esophageal bulb. e€ pp=excretory pore. ovj=ovejector. int=intestine. ut=uterus. la=lateral ala. vag=vagina. nr=nerve ring. vul=vulva. oes=esophagus. PLATE 1 Syphacia thompsoni, new species Fig. 1. Head, end face view. . Adult male, entire. . Male, posterior end. . Spicule and gubernaculum., . Female, anterior end. oR WON HE PLATE 2 Heligmostrongylus hassalli, new species Fic. 6. Female, anterior end. 7. Cuticular bosses; greatly enlarged. 8. Head, end face view. 9. Bursa, dorsal view. 10. Telamon, ventral view; greatly enlarged. 11. Female, posterior extremity. O ba GE i. og o sin ae i | : ee fi (y $e ” he ; | ; , | _ U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 4. PL. 1 SYPHACIA THOMPSONI, NEW SPECIES FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 5 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 4. PL. 2 LVOTHTA ‘ HELIGMOSTRONGYLUS HASSALLI, NEW SPECIES Jom FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 5 FOSSIL FOOTPRINTS FROM THE FORT UNION (PALEOCENE) OF MONTANA By Cuaries W. GILMorE Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, United States National Museum INTRODUCTION in 1908 Mr. A. C. Siberling, while collecting mammalian fossils for the United States National Museum in the Fort Union deposits of south-central Montana, also discovered a series of fossil footprints in this same formation. Apparently these were the first fossil tracks to be discovered in the Paleocene, and as such they appear worthy of record. Recently a series of fossil tracks found in deposits of equivalent age in the ‘Province of Alberta, Canada, have been described by Messrs. Ruther- ford and Russell,’ cee these tracks are thought to be mammalian in origin, and alata wets their details are somewhat obscurely preserved their tridactyle nature effectually distinguishes them from the tracks here considered. Originally the Montana tracks were preserved as one large slab, but owing to the vicissitudes of transport this specimen was broken into many pieces and the loss of connecting edges made it impossible to reassemble them in their original relationships. The specimen is now in three slabs, as shown in the accompanying plates. The tracks are impressed on the slightly undulating surface of a fine grained sandstone that in some instances has preserved the full details of the feet in addition to recording dragging tails, claw scratches, and belly impressions. Due to the breakage of the original slab, only short sections of trackways are now available. The best one at hand, shown in Plate i, is selected as the type. AMMOBATRACHUS MONTANENSIS, new species Plates 1, 2, and 3 Type.—Cat. No. 7635, U.S.N.M.; parts of trackways on three slabs that originally formed one large slab. Collected by A. C. Silberling, 1908. Type locality—Section 8, range 16, township 5, Bear Butte, Bear Butte Pass, Sweetgrass County, Mont. Geological horizon Silberling’s Fort Union No. 3.” Paleocene. 1 Rutherford, R. L. and Russell, L. S., Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 15, 1928, p. 262. No. 2750.—PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 74 ART. 5 3970—28 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 The series of tracks selected as being typical of the above-named species is shown on the lower two thirds of the slab illustrated in Plate 1. With the exception of four faint impressions shown on the bottom of Plate 2, all other tracks on the three slabs illustrated in Plates 1, 2, and 3 are regarded as pertaining to the present genus and species. Description.—Stride vari- able, measuring from 135 to 180 mm.; width of track- way measured from the out- side of one foot to a cor- responding position on the opposite side, about 162 mm. The manus tracks irregu- larly placed but usually for- ward of midway between those made by the hind feet. Fore slightly smaller than hind foot. Manus.—Tetradactyle, plantigrade, rounded palm, and diverging digits. Length over all, 22 mm.; distance between tips of lat- eral toes 31 mm.; breadth of palm, 20 mm, Outer toe originates well backward on the side of the palm and is strongly diverted outward away from the three inner toes. The manus as a whole turns strongly inward toward the median line of the trackway. Inner toe shorter than fourth digit. Fic. 1—AMMOBATRACHUS MONTANENSIS, TYPE No. Third longest. 5 SacN; i d ‘ 7635 U. N. M. DtaGraMm OF TRACK WAY Pes —Pentadactyle, plan- ABOUT ONE-THIRD NATURAL SIzH tigrade. Sole broadly rounded behind. Length over all, 33 mm.; distance between tips of lateral toes, 33.5 mm.; breadth of sole, about 28mm. _ First digit short and originating well back on the side of the sole; divercation slightly less than 45°. Three median toes long, relatively slender, with sub- acute or rounded terminations. There is some variation in the rela- itive lengths of the digits of opposite feet as is clearly indicated in Figure 1. None of the tracks give clear indication of the presence of ART. 5 FOSSIL FOOTPRINTS FROM MONTANA—GILMORE a sharp claws although deep scratches are recorded by the toes espe- cially of the pes where they dragged with each step. These are clearly indicated on the left side of the trackway shown in Plate 1. In this same section of trackway a smoothing out of the surface be- tween the two lines of tracks suggest a belly drag leading to the inference that the animal was a low, wide-bodied, short-legged quad- ruped. The presence of a heavy tail is clearly indicated by an in- termittent but deep median groove. The digital formula of four and five toes, respectively, on manus and pes, a close similarity in arrangement and in the relative iengths of the digits, these tracks have their closest affinities with Ammobatrachus turbatans Gilmore recently described* from the Supai formation (?Pennsylvanian) of the Grand Canyon. ‘Their specific distinctness, however, is at once indicated by the much greater width of the trackway, longer stride, and more open spac- ‘ing of the fore and hind foot impressions. The larger foot measure- ments of A. turbatans suggests a bigger animal than the one mak- ing the tracks considered here, ‘which accentuates the importance of the differences enumerated. Comparison of the pes tracks shows the Montana ichnite to have relatively longer and more slender digits with a more strongly divergent digit five. Contrasting the manus tracks the sole of Cat. No. 7635, U. S. N. M., is shorter, the lateral digits relatively longer, and the angulation of the imprint with toes directed strongly inward toward the center of the trackway, at once distinguishes these imprints from the forwardly pointed toes of A. turbatans. The digital formula strongly suggests this new species to be of amphibian lineage, but in the absence of confirmatory evidence there seems no way of definitely determining this point. Neither does a review of the known fauna of this formation give any hint as to the class or the kind of animal to which these tracks might be attributed. There are no amphibians known from the Fort Union and the only reptiles are small lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and the Rhyncocephalian Champsosaurus. The two last mentioned with their elongated toes of the hind feet would be at once ruled out, though there is the possibility of their being Chelonian in origin. 2Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 80, 1928, No. 2956, p. 8, pl. 2. EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 1 Ammobatrachus montanensis, new species. No. 7635 U.S.N.M. type. Trackway on lower half of slab shows toe scratches, belly drag and tail grooves. About one-third natural size. PLATE 2 Ammobatrachus montanensis, No. 7635 U.S.N.M. Part of type slab. Various imprints of feet. Tracks crossing the slab diagonally at the bottom pertain to some other animal. About one-third natural size. PLATE 3 Ammobatrachus montanensis, No. 7635 U.S.N.M. Part of type slab. Various imprints of feet with distinct tail drag. About natural size. 4 C Plead PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 5, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM TYPE SLAB OF AMMOBATRACHUS MONTANENSIS FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4 PE PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 5. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PART OF TYPE SLAB OF AMMOBATRACHUS MONTANENSIS FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4 U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 5, PL. 3 PART OF TYPE SLAB OF AMMOBATRACHUS MONTANENSIS FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4 NOTES ON SOME ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES (DIP- TERA), WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES By J. R. Matiocu Of the Biological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture For many years I have taken a great interest in the family Sapro- myzide, collecting the species assiduously in Scotland, where they occur in great numbers, and during the past decade I have devoted much time to a consideration of the generic groupings. Recently I published several papers on the American and Australian forms, and at my request Dr. J. C. H. de Meijere has submitted for exam- ination types or paratypes of most of his Oriental species,’ along with specimens of a number of other species from the same region described by different authors. This material, coupled with a large collection from Formosa sent to me by Dr. Walther Horn, has en- abled me to arrive at a definite conclusion as to the generic positions of these species and the specific identities of many Philippine species submitted to me for identification by the late Prof. C. F. Baker. The work on the genera of the family by Dr. F. Hendel * appeared at a time when generic concepts in the group were much broader than they are to-day, a fact clearly shown by the acceptance then of but 22 valid genera, as compared with 76 in the same author’s generic synopsis published in 1925. Unfortunately the broad concepts laid down in 1908 have influenced most workers on the family so that species have been described in the genus Lauwania which have very little in common with the genotype. While I do not favor the erec- tion of a large number of monobasic or poorly represented genera in any group, I feel that a careful consideration of structural charac- ters by a competent taxonomist ought to result in a well ordered segregation of related forms in genera, or subgenera, the distribu- tion of which throughout the various faunal regions can not fail to be of interest and value in affording data upon the relationships and 1¥For list, see Tijds. Ento., vol. 60, 1918, p. 345. 2 Genera Insectorum, fase. 68, 1908. No. 2751.—PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 74, ART. 6. 2609-291 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 origin of these groups, and their connections with others found in the same faunal regions. In other words, I consider that a genus should contain closely related forms, how close being a matter for decision by a number of competent workers, and not a heterogenous collection of diverse forms, so that the occurrence of a species of such genus will have more significance than where a member of a heterogenous concept occurs. The most comprehensive paper on Philippine Sapromyzidae is that by Dr. R. Frey which appeared in 1927.* It contains records of 54 species, 27 of them new to science. I have gone carefully over this paper and have succeeded in identifying a number of the species in the material in my possession, but several are yet unknown to me. In the present paper I indicate certain synonyms as the result of Doctor Frey’s work and also relocate some of his species. The genera unknown to me are briefly discussed also. While all of the systematic entomological work on Philippine species has up to the present been done by European and American workers, it is certain that in the near future some capable Philippine students will undertake this work; and in the present paper I have attempted to utilize the most dependable characters for the separation of the species so that even without access to type specimens it may be possible for a careful and efficient worker to confidently identify those included in this paper. The reason for introducing so many extralimital species in the key is that, though as yet unrecorded from the Philippines, it is not at all certain that many of them do not occur there, because the col- lecting that has been done has been by no means intensive, and the fact that about twice as many species are known from the Nederland Indies as are recorded from the Philippines appears to me a safe premise from which to deduce that many more Philippine species have yet to be discovered, and probably many of these will be iden- tical with species occurring in adjacent or even distant islands in the same region. The figures of the male hypopigia are presented as the most depend- able specific indices, and this series is the most extensive ever pub- lished for this family. The original intention was to publish this paper in the Philippine Journal of Science, but this plan was changed by the death of Prof. C. F. Baker and the acquisition of his collection by the United States National Museum. To make the collection as complete as pos- sible, I waive any claim to the type specimens of the Philippine species collected by Professor Baker and deposit them in the National Collection. * Acta Soc. Faun. Flor. Fennica, vol. 56, No. 8, pp. 44. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—-MALLOCH 3 Subfamily CELYPHINAB This group has usually been given distinct family rank, but I con- sider it is merely a subfamily of Sapromyzidae, elise omrcnied by the very large convex scutellum, which usually covers the entire abdomen and gives the insects a beetle-like appearance, and is with one exception without marginal or discal bristles. With the discov- ery of the new genus /diocelyphus described herein the claim to family distinction of the group is very much weakened as in it the scutellum is very much smaller than usual and it has four well- developed bristles. Many of the species are metallic blue or violet colored, quite distinct from any in the other subfamily, but some are almost entirely testaceous, a color predominating in the Sapro- myzinae. I have recently briefly discussed the family characters in “Entomologische Mittelungen” (1927, page 160), but did not at that time have access to the new genus above mentioned. In addi- tion to the characters mentioned in that paper it appears worth noting that while there are no distinct bristles on the frontal field there are four very fine minute hairs which appear to me to repre- sent the two pairs of orbital bristles usually present in Sapromyzinae. One of these pairs of fine hairs is situated near the margin on upper half and represents the upper pair of orbitals, while the other is near anterior margin and each hair is about as far from eye as from each other and incurved. In this subfamily we find also the only case where the cross vein separating the discal and posterior basal cells of the wings is absent in Sapromyzidae, but it is not invariably so in the group, being confined to three species previously placed in Spaniocelyphus and the single species of Idiocelyphus. The presence or absence of this cross vein has been utilized as a generic character in related families and is generally considered as of considerable im- portance in classification so I have deemed it proper to separate the three species first above mentioned from the typical forms of Spanio- celyphus. The five genera at present known to me may be distinguished as below. KBY TO THE GENERA 1. A distinct cross vein separating the discal and posterior basal cells of No cross vein separating discal and posterior basal cells of wings_________ 4, 2. Arista very Slightly widened at base, the widest portion not more than one- fourth as. wide as third antennal segment; vertex rounded; postvertical pristless/absent he 2 ries etal Seo Se ae eae Paracelyphus Bigot. Artista very conspicuously widened on more than its basal half, leaf-like, its greatest width almost, or quite, as great as that of third antennal seg- 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T4 8. Vertex rounded, postvertical bristles absent or microscopic. Celyphus Dalmann. Vertex sharply carinate above and slightly raised behind ocelli; postvertical bristles usually represented by microscopic hairs__ Spaniocelyphus Hendel. 4, Secutellum much longer than thorax, and without bristles; mesonotum without central bristles and the margin with but two, which are confined to the postsutural SCCHLOT LEAs eh ee ee Se Acelyphus, new genus. Scutellum not longer than thorax, with two bristles on disk near base and two on margin near apex; mesonotum with several pairs of dorsocentral and one pair of acrostichal bristles in front of scutellum, the humeral and notopleural bristles also present____________ Idiocelyphus, new genus. ACELYPHUS, new genus Generic characters —Most closely related to Spaniocelyphus, dis- tinguished from it by the presence of a well-developed pair of post- vertical bristles, the lack of a cross vein separating the discal and posterior basal cells of wing, and the much broader abdomen, which has the tergites evenly rounded over sides and without a slight suture about at the part where they curve over. In Spaniocelyphus there is a rather evident suture on each side of each tergite which divide it into three almost equal portions. Genotype—Acelyphus politus, new species. There are but three species known to me, which may be distin- guished as below. KBY TO THE SPECIES 1. Entire disk of scutellum and mesonotum with dense erect miscroscopic pile; length of scutellum not over 1.5 as long as its greatest width; hypopygium AS HI SURES. Oras Gat net ae ee ee oe ee eee stigmaticus (Hendel). Scutellum without dense erect microscopic pile, its length distinctly over 1.5 asHongias its: greatest widths tse aes che ae 2 ee 2 2. Scutellum smooth except for the widely separated piliferous depressions ; hypopygium as in Figures 9 and 10; mesonotum without microscopic erect pile except on extreme anterior margin__-____-_____~_ politus, new species. Scutellum with regular close stipplelike punctures in addition to the pilif- erous depressions; mesonotum with dense erect microscopic pile on entire SUE CO ae ek Sh eee 2 ha repletus, new species. ACELYPHUS POLITUS, new species Male and female——Prevailing color tawny yellow, deeply over- laid with metallic violet-blue. Legs tawny yellow. Apices of palpi deep black. Frons about 1.5 as wide as long, the vertex not very sharply carinate, almost rounded except just behind the ocelli and near each eye, the two pairs of verticals and the postverticals well de- veloped; flattened part of the arista fully twice as long as the apical hairlike parts; palpi much dilated at apices, spoon shaped. Scutellum without pronounced punctures, with almost imperceptible ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH 5 shallow depressions at bases of the very fine sparse hairs which occur over the entire surface. Hypopygium as Figures 9 and 10. Inner cross vein of wing a little beyond middle of discal cell; marginal cell not as wide as submarginal at apex, the second vein not very abruptly bent forward at apex. Length, 4 mm. Type.—Male, allotype, and 14 paratypes, Mount Maquiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker). Type.—Cat. No. 41084, U.S.N.M. Two of the paratypes are immature and appear to the naked eye almost uniform fulvous in color, but there is a very evident violet- blue tinge on the scutellum when they are viewed from behind. ACELYPHUS REPLETUS, new species Male and female——A darker species than the preceding one, more purplish than violet blue, with the same colored palpi. Head similar to politus. A very striking character apart from _the double punctuation of the scutellum, is the presence of dense erect miscroscopic pile on the mesonotum. Similar pile occurs on the mesonotum and entire scutellum of stigmaticus, but there is no indication of such pile on the scutellum, and only a vestige of it on the extreme anterior margin of mesonotum, in politus. Inner cross vein beyond middle of discal cell; second vein rather abruptly bent forward at apex. Length, 4 mm. Type—K¥emale, Wai Lima, Sumatra, 1912 (Karny and Siebers), in author’s collection; allotype, male, and three paratypes, Singapore, Straits Settlements (C. F. Baker), in United States National Museum. Allotype.—Male, Cat. No. 41087, U.S.N.M. There is a possibility, but no certainty, that some of the smaller species of this group described as belonging to Celyphus may be referable here. ACELYPHUS STIGMATICUS (Hendel) Spaniocelyphus stigmaticus HENDEL, Suppl. Ent., No. 3, 1914, p. 93. This species has occurred only in Formosa up to the present, but it may be found in other sections of the Orient. It was described when the genus Spaniocelyphus was erected, but scutatus Wiedemann was selected as the genotype. IDIOCELYPEUS, new genus General characters——Head similar to that of Spaniocelyphus, the vertex rather sharp, with four bristles and a pair of small, but dis- tinct, postverticals; oscellars lacking; antennae as in Spaniocelyphus; 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM | vou. T4 clypeus projecting more than in the other genera, angular in profile. Thorax with one pair of quite well developed prescutellar dorso- centrals, and from one to three much shorter pairs in front of them, becoming progressively shorter anteriorly; the other bristles consist of: 1 humeral, 2 notopleurals, 1 supra-alar, 2 postalars, one pair of prescutellar acrostichals, and one mesopleural; scutellum not longer than.thorax on dorsum, gradually widened from base to middle, from there slightly narrowed, and broadly rounded at apex; basal bristles situated on disk, separated by about one-third of the width of scu- tellum, and not over one-fourth from base, the apical pair situated on extreme edge about one-third from apex, and upwardly directed. Legs as in the other genera, but the hind tibia has a strong, black, slightly curved, apical ventral spur which is almost as long as hind metatarsus. Wings as in the other genera, the discal cell not sep- arated from basal cell by a cross vein. Genotype—The following species. IDIOCCELYPHUS BAKERI, new species Shining brownish testaceous; clypeus violet-blue in front; dorsum of head and thorax with a violet tinge, the abdomen more bluish; all bristles black. Palpi with their apices narrowly black. Wings yellowish hyaline. Halteres yellow. Frons smooth, subquadrate, with a pair of fine convergent hairs close to middle of disk; basal segment of antennae a little longer than second, bare below, third slightly tapered apically, about 1.5 as long as first and second combined; basal wide portion of arista not as wide as third antennal segment and a little longer than it and also than apical hair-like portion; cheek higher than width of third an- tennal segment; palpi not dilated. Thorax smooth on dorsum, with fine black hairs on mesonotum; scutellum smooth, without hairs, but with dense microscopic pile which is present also on thorax. Fore femur with two or three posteroventral bristles. Length, 3.5 mm. Type and three paratypes, Mount Maquiling, Luzon, P. I. (C. F. Baker). Named in honor of the collector. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 41073, U.S.N.M. This genus supplies a connecting link between the Celyphinae and Sapromyzinae, the small size of the scutellum, and the presence of scutellar bristles, showing an approach to some genera in the latter subfamily. No other species in Celyphinae has scutellar bristles. Genus PARCELYPHUS Bigot I have before me two species of this genus, one of which appears to be undescribed. They may be distinguished as below. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH if KEY TO THB SPHCIES 1. Metallic dark blue species, with decided violet tinge, legs black, bases of tarsi yellow; scutellum with a shallow furrow on each side at base in addition to the one along marginal rim, the surface elsewhere smooth; posterior notopleural bristle present_--_-----__- sumatrensis van der Wulp. Testaceous yellow species, the legs concolorous, scutellum with an almost imperceptible bluish tinge, without furrow at base except the marginal one, its surface irregularly rugose, or coarsely wrinkled; posterior notopleural BristlevaDSente= = ae en ee testaceus, new species. PARACELYPHUS SUMATRENSIS van der Wulp Paracelyphus sumatrensis VAN DER Wotp, Compt. rend, Soc. Hnt. Belg., p. 297, 1884. This species must be very similar to hyacinthus Bigot, differing mainly in the color of the antennae, which are entirely black as against the yellow color of those of hyacinthus, though the third segment in the latter is brownish or fuscous. Length, 6 mm. Locality, Wai Lima, Sumatra, 1921 (Karny and Siebers). PARACELYPHUS TESTACEUS, new species This species is about the same size and build as the preceding one, but is readily distinguished by the general testaceous color, even the antennae and legs being pale. While the pale metatarsi of sumatrensis are distinctly thickened they are not at all thickened in testaceus. Other characters as in the key. Length, 6 mm, width 4 mm. Type, Mount Maquiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker); paratypes, one, Manila, (G. Compere); four, Tangcolan, Bukidnon; two, Butuan, Mindanao; one Mount Banahao; one, Davao, Mindanao; one, Samar Island; all in the Philippines (C. F. Baker). Type.—Cat. No. 41087, U.S.N.M. The first mentioned paratype has a label on it bearing the nota- tion ‘This is always to"be noticed round orange or lemon trees. Compere.’ Genus CELYPHUS Dalmann Until recently all the species of the subfamily except those assigned to the preceding genus were located in Celyphus, but a few years ago Hendel proposed the removal of certain species to the new genus Spaniocelyphus, and this division is adopted herein as indicated in the generic key. It is not possible, however, to definitely decide the generic position of some of the previously described species. Those I now have before me, or can definitely locate, are included 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 in the keys given herein. All the material in the Baker collection, now a part of the collections of the United States National Museum, has been used in connection with this paper. KEY TO THE SPECIES 1. Frons with only the outer, outwardly curved, vertical bristles present, and these very weak; thickened part of arista about 1.5 as long as third an- tennal segment, the apical hairlike portion about one-third as long as the wide portion; head and thorax fulvous yellow, scutellum violet-blue, slightly wrinkled-onsside@s =.= ==>. 's-:2_ 2 eee bisetosus, new species. Frons with four quite strong and distinct vertical bristles; the wide part of arista but little longer than third antennal segment, the apical hair-like part fully half as long as the wide part; scutellum distinctly wrinkled on?-most,OL Its suntacen eon eee ee ee ee ee ee ee 2. 2. Face with a black mark between each antenna and eye____-____________ oe Face without a black mark between each antenna and eye______________ -t 3. Both thorax and abdomen fulvous yellow, with distinct violet tinge; apical portion of arista not as long as the wide basal part, the latter not as wide as third antennal segment 2)» 2\) Sse. eis Ee puncticeps, new species. Thorax fulvous yellow, with slight violet or blue tinge, the scutellum entirely metallic blue; apical part of arista at least as long as the wide basal part, the latter as wide as third antennal segment____________ aurora Karsch. 4. Species entirely testaceous in color, no conspicuous blue tinge present; cheek with a blue mark below eye_____________________ difficilis Malloch. Thorax fulvous, with a distinct blue tinge, scutellum metallic blue. obtectus Dalmann. CELYPHUS PUNCTICEPS, new species Male and female.—Testaceous yellow, with a very pronounced vio- let-blue tinge on entire dorsum; the face with a deep black spot between each antenna and eye. Structurally similar to odtectus, but the arista narrower at base. Scutellum irregularly punctured basally as in obtectus. Length, 5 mm. Type, male, allotype, and two paratypes, Singapore, Straits Settle- ments; paratypes, one, Penang; two, Porto Princess, Palawan (C. F. Baker. Type.—Cat. No. 41083, U.S.N.M. This species appears to be close to karschi Bigot, but without an examination of the type specimens it is impossible to be certain of most of the species described by the older authors. _CELYPHUS BISETOSUS, new species Female—Head and thorax shining fulvous yellow, with a faint bluish tinge; scutellum dark metallic violet-blue; abdomen dark castaneous above, yellow below. Antennae fulvous yellow; palpi yellow at bases, deep black on the apical broadened portions. Legs fulvous yellow, femora darker, fore pair brown. Wings yellowish hyaline. Halteres dull yellow. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH 9 Vertex with a small outwardly curved bristle close to upper angle of each eye; antennae about as long as width of frons, basal segment slender, and about twice as long as second, third a little longer than first, as wide as, and about two-thirds as long as, the broad part of arista, the hairlike portion of latter but little longer than second antennal segment; cheek about half as high as eye; palpi much broadened, leaflike, at apices. Thorax smooth. Scutellum wrinkled at base. Legs normal. Length, 5.75 mm. Type.—Cotschin, India. (In author’s collection.) CELYPHUS DIFFICILIS Malloch Celyphus difficilis MALLocH, Ent. Mitt., vol. 16, p. 161, 1927. This species was described in the paper of mine already referred to herein, and is known only from Formosa. CELYPHUS AURORA Karsch Celyphus curora Karscou, Berlin, Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 28, p. 1738, 1883. This species is brownish testaceous, with a conspicuous metallic blue sheen on face and frons, all of dorsum of thorax and scutellum, most pronounced on latter. The most noticeable character for dis- tinguishing the species is the deep black mark on each side of face between antenna and eye. The arista is as broad on basal portion as width of third antennal segment and the apical hairlike portion is as long as it and quite long haired. The frons in the specimen be- fore me is not depressed, but almost even and rounded on vertical margin, and the four vertical bristles are well developed. The abdomen and fore femora are testaceous. The scutellum is wrinkled on basal half only. Length, 5.5 mm. Locality, Langkat, Sumatra (Deut. Ent. Inst.). CELYPHUS OBTECTUS Dalmann Celyphus obtectus DALMANN, Anal. Ent., p. 32, 1823. This species is very similar to the preceding one, but the head and thorax are more pronouncedly yellow testaceous and less tinged with blue, the scutellum is deeper blue and there are no dark spots on face. The frons is slightly depressed at vertex and the arista is different in structure, as stated in the key. Length, 4.5 mm. Locality, Ceylon (Dr. W. Horn). 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 74 Genus SPANIOCELYPHUS Hendel This genus is limited in this paper to those species which have a sharp vertex without well-developed postvertical bristles, and the discal and posterior basal cells of wing separated by a distinct cross vein. In addition to these characters all species available to me have the palpi much less dilated at apices than have the species of Acely- phus, and there is a pseudosuture on each side of each abdominal ter- gite which divides the surface into three almost equal portions and causes them to bend rather sharply over, almost angularly so, in sharp contradistinction to those of Acelyphus. The frons is also shorter than it is in Acelyphus. There appear to be five species in the material before me only three of which I consider are already described, though it is possible some of the others are among those so imperfectly described by some of the older authors that they can not be reliably identified. Genotype—Celyphus scutatus Wiedemann. KPY TO THE SPECIES 1. Scutellum shallowly and coarsely pitted on almost the entire surface, only the the APEX SMOOCHEL? f Lhs Lee _ eRe Ne eed” SERRE We AP ENA See, SRAM RAE RP 2, Scutellum entirely smooth or with but faint traces of shallow pitting basally 2s ne nt a il a Se ee ee Sl _ oye Bi vera ie sane ee 3. 2. Apical section of superior foreceps of male hypopygium long, tapering to tip (figs. 1 and 2); Philippine species__________.___ scutatus Wiedemann. Apical section of superior foreceps of male hypopygium short and broad, somewhat boot shaped (figs. 2 and 3) ; Formosan species. formosanus Malloch. 8. Anterior margin of thorax, including the humeri and propleura, fulvous; hypopygium of male as Figures 4 and 5________ sumatranus, new species. Thorax entirely metallic blue, not fulyous anteriorly except sometimes on the SUITS ODL care ak ea en 4. 4. Face and frons entirely deep metallic blue______ nigrocoeruleus, new species. Head fulvous, with blue tinge on face and frons______ laevis van der Wulp? SPANIOCELYPHUS SCUTATUS Wiedemann Spaniocelyphus scutatus WIEDEMANN Aussereur. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 2, p. 601, 1830. I have before me many specimens of this species from the Philip- pines, and present figures of the male hypopygium of one of these specimens. (Figs. 1, 2.) Localities, Manila; Mount Maquiling, Luzon; Davao, Mindanao; and Tangcolan, Bukidnon (C. F. Baker) ; Rangoon, Burma, Marcli, 1927 (F. J. Meggitt.) SPANIOCELYPHUS FORMOSANUS Malloch Spaniocelyphus formosanus Matiocn, Ent. Mitt. vol. 16, p. 161, 1927. This Formosan species was described in my paper already referred to herein. I present now figures of the hypopygium of the male. (Figs. 3, 4.) ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH 11 SPANIOCELYPHUS SUMATRANUS, new species Male.—Head shining fulvous yellow, with a slight purplish tinge on face and frons, no dark marks on face or cheeks; third antennal segment darkened above; palpi slightly darkened at apices. Thorax metallic blue, dorsum deep blue, humeral angles and extreme anterior margin fulvous; scutellum metallic blue, deep purple from base to beyond middle on disk, the apex blue. Abdomen black, with an aeneous or purplish tinge. Legs dull fulvous or tawny yellow, the mid and hind femora infuscated. Wings yellowish hyaline, quite noticeably yellow at apices. Vertical margin quite sharp, ocelli in carina; the type has no verti- cal bristles remaining, but in the paratype there is a weak inner verti- cal on each side; face concave below middle in profile; labrum quite broadly exposed; antennae distinctly shorter than width of frons, basal segment hardly longer than second, third about as long as basal two combined; flat part of arista fully as long as third seg- ment and about as long as the apical hairlike portion. Scutellum smooth except for a few widely separated shallow piliferous punc- tures. Inner cross vein of wing close to middle of discal cell; marginal cell as wide as submarginal at apex, the second vein almost rectangularly bent forward atapex. Hypopygiumas Figures 7 and 8. Length, 4 mm. Type, Wai Lima, Sumatra, 1921 (Karny and Siebers) ; paratype, Kepahiang, Sumatra, 1,960 feet, November-December, 1925 (H. C. Kellers.) Type.—In author’s collection. Paratype.—Cat. No. 41085, U.S.N.M. SPANIOCELYPHUS LAEVIS (van der Wulp) Oelyphus laevis VAN DER WUuLP, Tijdschr. v. Ent., vol. 22, p. 53, 1881. Specimens which appear to belong to this species are very similar to sceutatus, differing essentially only in having the mesonotum and scutellum less punctate, the latter being evidently punctate only at base laterally. Localities, one specimen, Los Banos, 13 specimens, Mount Maquil- ing, Luzon (C. F. Baker). SPANIOCELYPHUS NIGROCOERULEUS, new species Female.—Head glossy black, with a blue tinge, frons at anterior lateral angles, cheeks, and lower part of occiput, brownish yellow, upper occiput dark brown; antennae, aristae, and palpi, fuscous. Thorax and scutellum glossy black, with a blue tinge, abdomen con- colorous. Legs brownish yellow, coxae and mid and hind femora 1Z PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 fuscous, tibiae triannulate with fuscous, most evident on hind pair. Wings grayish hyaline. Knobs of halteres fuscous. Frons about twice as wide as long, raised behind and in front centrally, all vertical bristles present but small; facial depression a little below middle; arista with the basal portion about twice as long as apical. Thorax and scutellum absolutely smooth, each with some scattered microscopic hairs. Fifth abdominal sternite about twice as wide as long. Wings normal. Length, 4.5 mm. Type—Cat. No. 41086, U.S.N.M. Cuernos Mountains, Negros (C. F. Baker). This is the darkest colored species now known to me. If nigrifacies de Meijere belongs to this genus it may be distinguished from it by the much smaller size, 2.5 mm. in length, and the dark steel-blue color of the frons. Subfamily SAPROMYZINAE Dr. F. Hendel has recently published a key to the genera of the entire family exclusive of the Celyphinae,* and Dr. R. Frey has in addition to this published a generic key to the species known to him® so that it appears almost unnecessary to give a generic key in this paper. There are however some differences of opinion as to the validity of certain of the genera and some elucidation is required to make matters clear to anyone intending to make a more intensive study of the Philippine or Oriental fauna. Doctor Frey erected 6 new genera in his paper and so far as pos- sible I have dealt with these in the text following. Certain of Doctor Hendel’s genera I can not accept, and one or two others are given a different interpretation so that some notes at least are required to explain these points. Genus STEGANOPSIS de Meijere This genus in the strict sense is confined to the Eastern Hemisphere. There is a closely related form in the Americas and to make clear the distinctions between the two segregates I include the latter in the key given below. I incline to the opinion that Steganolauxania is entitled to no more than subgeneric distinction. All species of the genus known to me are included in the key. KEY TO THE SPECIES 1. Anterior pair of orbital bristles directed backward; frons uniformly shining; face smooth and glossy, convex above middle (America). Subgenus Steganolauxania Frey, latipennis Coquillett. Anterior pair of orbital bristles directed inward; frons not uniformly Bren ss. SELES) SAR LIL PERS SOE DS _v CAIAR eee eee ee ee 2. 4Encycl. Entomol., Diptera, vol. 2, fase. 3, 1925. ®* Acta Soc. Faun, Flor. Fennica. vol. 56, No. 8, 1927. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—-MALLOCH 13 2. Longest hairs on arista not as long as width of third antennal segment; thorax with two series of intradorsocentral hairs; palpi black at apices; wings browned, more noticeably so along costa, their apices usually nar- rowly whitish from tip of second to tip of fourth vein; frons dull yellow, with a large velvety black ocellar mark, and brownish marks at bases of the orbital bristles; face usually with a large violet-black spot on each SLO eager Osa cy CLC yy eae eee SD ee 3. Longest hairs on arista more than twice as long as width of third antennal SESMEM Ge eee SE ee ES Sea Sg VS Se eee. 5. 8. Wing tip not whitish hyaline; face unspotted; second wing vein not very GlOSCRLOACOSEAS = hess ete ee 3 Le ee divergens Frey. Wing tip whitish hyaline; face spotted; second wing vein close to costa__ 4. 4. Abdomen largely glossy blackish; fore tibia at middle, and hind femora basally, more or less darkened; hypopygium as Figure 11. melanogaster (Thomson). Abdomen normally glossy testaceous yellow; fore tibia and hind femora not darkened; hypopygium as figure 12__________________ convergens Hendel. 5. Wings entirely yellowish hyaline; head yellow, marked as in the two next preceding species, but the palpi entirely yellow; legs yellow, a small dark preapical ventral mark on fore femur, and the apical four segments of fore tarsi dark; face smooth and glossy, evenly convex ; intradorsocentral hairs DES CTe AC eee eset cee eee wears eee eee tm ee minor (de Meijere). Wings conspicuously infuscated; thorax and abdomen black, pleura with, or without, a large yellow mark above; legs more extensively black; palpi and halteres fuscous; intradorsocentral hairs quadriseriate__________ 6. 6. Head largely yellow, face entirely so; second wing vein not closer to costa GHA eCORtHIT Gye imate eee See ee es ee Seal divergens Frey. Head largely or entirely black, face not entirely yellow; second wing vein Nearer cOuCOSsiAa, thankto whind vel = lake see ee ee a ae 7. Thoracic dorsum and pleura black, the former with series of spots and vittae, and the pleura with spots and streaks, of black color on a gray- dusted ground; face not rugose; wings fuscous, with irregular hyaline markings on disk, a rather large round hyaline spot beyond middle of first posterior cell, and a small one below it, and the narrow apices most conspicuous; inner cross vein about one-third from apex of discal cell (ACUTE rest ey) pe a a ee ee Be annulipes Malloch. Thoracic dorsum black, with or without gray dusted vittae, but without black dots; wings not marked as above, the inner cross vein close to middle OTC CANNY Ce Lee ee er a certs er a et ah ne eee ot SU 8. Sehoreslersrentirely; black same oe eens ae le Te ies einer ee ea 9. Horevegsnotcentirelyablacks24 Patan ascend en are Nae ey ES 8 10. 9. Mesopleura yellow; apices of wings not hyaline______________ bakeri Bezzi. Mesopleura black; apices of wings hyaline________________ aterrima Frey. 10. Frons opaque yellow, the ocellar spot and a spot on each side at upper eye margin opaque black; tip of wing not hyaline; mid and hind tibiae yellow. pusilla Frey. Mrons: black,;. other characters) not as above.224 229 4) 11. 11. Center of frons entirely glossy black, ocellar spot and a large mark at an- terior margin on each side velvety black; apex of wing hyaline; mid and hind tibiae pale, with black annuli; pleura and fore metatarsus black. buruensis Malloch. Center of frons not entirely glossy; pleura on upper half, and the fore meta- CENTS RV CILG Wmeteniees ene ee meet tr Meee ee ORNs Mae SE rie RG oe 2} 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 12. Thoracic dorsum unicolorous black, sometimes faintly gray vittate an- Kerio rly. s2t)_ Sch) 6 ae ihe aE ie et Pee See ee ee pupicola de Meijere. Thoracie dorsum with 10 or 12 complete narrow pale gray-dusted vittae. multilineata de Meijere. STEGANOPSIS CONVERGENS Hendel Steganopsis convergens HENDEL, Suppl. Ent., vol. 2, p. 102, 1913. I suspected that this species might be the same as melanogaster (Thomson), but the male hypopygia are entirely distinct as shown in Figures 11 and 12. The only other distinctions are those listed in the foregoing key. I have not seen melanogaster from outside of Australia, but con- vergens occurs in Formosa and the Philippines. I have a male from Cuernos Mountains, Negros (C. F. Baker). It appears evident to me that Pachycerina apicalis Bezzi is this species. Frey considers that the first name for the species is cwr- vinervis (Thomson). STEGANOPSIS MINOR (de Meijere) Steganopsis minor DE MEJERE, Tijdschr. v. Ent., vol. 57, p. 237, 1914 (Pachycerina). I have examined a specimen of this species sent to me by Doctor de Meijere and find that it belongs to this genus and not to Pachy- cerina in which it was described, and in which Frey retained it. It is known to me from Java, but Frey records it from Banahao, Luzon. STEGANOPSIS BAKERI Bezzi Steganopsis bakeri Brzzi, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 8, p. 315, 1913. This species is unknown to me. Recorded only from Los Banos, Paks STEGANOPSIS DIVERGENS Frey Steganopsis divergens Frey, Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, vol. 56, No. 8, p. 10, 1927. As I have not seen this species and am uncertain of some of the characters of it I have inserted it in two places in the key. Described from Mount Banahao, Luzon. STEGANOPSIS PUSILLA Frey Steganopsis pusilla Frey, Acta Soe. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, vol. 56, No. 8, p. 13, 1927. Described from Limay, Luzon. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH te STEGANOPSIS MULTILINEATA de Meijere Steganopsis multilineata pr MertseRE, Tijdschr. v. Ent., vol. 67, 1924, p. 53. I have examined the type specimen of this species sent to me by Doctor de Meijere and consider wndecimlineata Frey is synonymous with it. Frey described his species from’ Banahao, Luzon, and Kolambugan, Leite. This species and pupicola occur also in Ceylon (W. Horn). Genus LYPEROMYIA Frey This genus is unknown to me. It is closely allied to Steganopsis, being distinguished mainly by the presence of four equally strong pairs of dorsocentral bristles, one sternopleural, shorter second wing vein, and narrower frontal triangle. Genotype.—Lyperomyia calopus Frey. LYPEROMYIA CALOPUS Frey _ Lyperomyia calopus Frey, Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, vol. 56, No. 8, p. 15, 1927. A black species, with gray-dusted spot on each orbit near antennae, yellow third antennal segment, and black fore legs, the latter with coxae, and a broad ring at middle of femora, yellow, apical third of tibia white, mid and hind legs yellow, coxae entirely, mid femora with exception of apices, hind femora entirely, and apices of tarsi, black. Wings yellow, bases brown, veins somewhat brownish clouded. Described from Mount Polis, Luzon. Genus XANGELINA Walker This genus has a peculiarly shaped head (Figs. 13 and 14), the frons being very steep, the face broad and evenly, though slightly, convex and glossy, and the divisions below the eye exceptionally distinct. The anterior orbitals in basiguttata are almost indistin- guishable microscopic hairs, and are incurved, while the ocellars are lacking. The thorax has four pairs of dorsocentral bristles and acrostichals, the anterior pair of each being in front of the suture; there are two distinct sternopleurals; and the wing is as in Sapro- myza Fallen. There is no anteroventral comb on the fore femur, and all the tibiae have the preapical dorsal bristle distinct, the one on hind pair being long and fine. XANGELINA BASIGUTTATA Walker Xangelina basiguttata WALKER, Proc. Linn. Soe. London, vol. 1, p. 32, 1857. A shining testaceous yellow species, with two black spots on apex of scutellum, and a black mark at apex of auxiliary vein of wing; inner cross vein of wing faintly clouded. Length, 4.5 mm. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 I have seen the species from Java, submitted by Doctor de Meijere. Hendel does not include this genus in his key, in which it runs to Sciasmomyia Hendel, though evidently distinct from it, the latter having two pairs of equally long backwardly bent orbitals and a pair of strong ocellars, in addition to other differentiating characters. The African species Lauxania submetallica Loew belongs to A angelina. PLEURIGONA, new genus Generic characters —This genus will run down in Hendel’s key to genera to [chthyomyia de Meijere, but it is readily distinguished therefrom by the small conical projection of the propleura directly over the fore coxa, the lack of a propleural bristle, the much less prominent face, biemarginate vertical margin, lack of ocellar bristles, and the pronounced downward curvature of the apical section of the fourth wing vein. This last character distinguishes it also from any other genus of the family known to me at this time. Genotype—The following species. PLEURIGONA CURVINERVIS, new species Male—Shining testaceous yellow, the type specimen greasy but with evidences of two dark submedian lines on anterior half of meso- notum. Wings quite noticeably yellow, veins brown, apices of first, second, and third, darker, but without a surrounding cloud. Frons about 1.5 as wide as long in center, the vertex sharp and with a shallow emargination on each side of the ocellar triangle, posterior ocelli on edge of vertex, the four vertical and two post- vertical bristles quite well developed, ocellars lacking, both pairs of orbitals very weak and short, upper pair at almost their own length from eyes, the shorter anterior pair even farther from eyes; orbits not differentiated; surface of frons bare; face broad and evenly convex, shining, about 1.75 as high as frons; cheek about two- thirds as high as eye, the hairs fine and rather long; basal antennal segment very short, third about twice as long as wide; arista with sparse hairs, the longest about as long as width of third antennal segment; palpi slender. Thorax seen from the side pronouncedly arched, with 1 or 2+3 or 4 pairs of dorsocentrals and 2+4 pairs of acrostichals; the presutural, notopleural, and humeral bristles, quite fine, no sternopleural visible in type; scutellum pronouncedly convex, with four fine bristles. Abdomen short, the hypopygium small. Fore femur without an anteroventral comb; fore and hind tibiae with the preapical dorsal bristle quite long and fine, the mid tibia with that bristle short and strong. Inner cross vein at middle of discal cell; outer cross vein close to middle of wing; marginal cell rather a 5) and uniform, the second vein roundly curved forward at apex; third ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH 17 vein straight; fourth very conspicuously curved down from near middle of its apical section, the first posterior cell fully twice as wide at apex as at outer cross vein; costa as in Sapromyza. Length, 5 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 41075, U.S.N.M. Mount Maquiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker). The head in this genus is very similar to that of Xangelina Walker, but in the latter the frons is not so sharp, nor is it biemarginate, and the upper orbital is long and strong, while the stigmatal region is also normal, with a strong bristle, and the fourth vein is but slightly divergent from third apically. Genus AMPHICYPHUS de Meijere This monobasic genus is readily distinguished from any other in the subfamily by the presence of an unequai pair of strong curved black spurs at apex of hind tibia on its anteroventral side, the longest of which is fully half as long as the basal segment of hind tarsus. ‘The hairs on the entire insect including those on the legs are very long and almost bristle-like, the third antennal segment tapers to the apex, the arista is short haired, the anterior orbital bristles are incurved, the scutellum is slightly tumid at bases of the apical bristles,‘and the costa has only fine hairs, no short black setu- lae being evident. AMPHICYPHUS RETICULATUS (Doleschal) Ensina reticulatus DoLEsScHAL, Natur. Tijdschr v. Nederl. Indie., p. 412, 1856. Locality, Mount Maquiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker). This species has been recorded from the Dutch East Indies and Australia, but this is the first record of its occurrence in the Philip- pines, EUPROSOPOMYIA, new genus Generic characters—Head in profile as in Figure 15, the face shining, and with a subconical production, below the level of which there is a transverse impression. The frons is similar to that of Prosopomyia Loew, having both the pairs of orbitals bent back- ward, and the surface with rather dense short hairs. In the type the ocellars are bent backward, but this may be due to injury. From Prosopomyia, to which genus it runs in Hendel’s recent key, the genus may be distinguished by the presence of several strong bristles close to the lower hind margin of each eye. These bristles are not on a callosity, which is the case in Awustralina Malloch, and the latter genus has the frons more than twice as long as wide and 2609—29—2 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T4 sparsely haired. The apices of the wings in the type specimen are damaged, but I believe the costa is the same as in Homoneura. Genotype-——The following species. EUPROSOPOMYIA MACULOSA, new species Male.—Head testaceous, frons opaque, with ocellar spot brown, and two brown submedian stripes which curve round the anterior extremities of the orbits and extend between those and the eyes; face glossy, with 9 black spots. One between and above the an- tennae, one between each antenna and eye, and a larger one between and below antennae, all velvety, a large glossy one on lower central part of convexity, and two on each side of it, the lower one not so glossy as the upper; a brown streak along the transverse impression ; antennae and palpi testaceous yellow. Ground color of thorax testaceous, largely obscured by fuscous markings, the dorsum with six subcontiguous vittae and the lateral margins fuscous, humeri with a central dark mark; pleurae largely fuscous; scutellum dark on each side and in center. Wings fuscous, with a pale mark on each side of inner cross vein, and the hind margin narrowly hyaline, the hyaline part bidentate in second posterior cell, and very narrow round apex of wing. MHalteres yellow. Frons about 1.5 as long as wide, slightly widened anteriorly; arista sparsely short haired. Thorax with three pairs of postsutural dorso- centrals and about six series of intradorsocentral hairs, the median two series strong posteriorly; scutellum subconvex; both sternopleu- rals strong. Abdomen stout; hypopygium as Figure 16. Legs stout; fore femur with an anteroventral comb and short, rather irregular posteroventral bristles; mid tibia with one long and one short apical ventral bristle; hind femur with some preapical anteroventral setu- lae; fore and hind tibiae with short preapical dorsal bristle. Inner cross vein a little beyond middle of discal cell; penultimate section of fourth vein about four-fifths as long as ultimate section. Length, 4 mm. Type—Cat. No. 41601, U.S.N.M. Cuernos Mountains, Negros (C. F. Baker). Genus PROSOPOPHORELLA de Meijere This genus is readily distinguished by the shape of the head, which when seen from in front is as Figure 17, the process on middle of lower margin of ‘face, and the angular production of the cheeks being unique in this family. Another outstanding character is the presence of short hairs on the disk of the scutellum. Both pairs of orbitals are bent backward, and, though the face is noticeably convex, it is not at all shining but entirely dull. The ocellars are long, postver- ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—-MALLOCH 19 ticals short, and the arista short haired. Thorax with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles and one sternopleural. Legs rather long, fore and mid femora very much attenuated apically, the former with an anteroventral comb, fore and mid tibiae and tarsi slender, the preapical dorsal bristle distinct only on the hind tibiae. The genus is monobasic. PROSOPOPHORELLA BUCCATA (de Meijere) Prosopophora buccata pe Mertsrrn, Tijdschr. vy. Ent., vol. 53, p, 144, 1910. Male.—Head testaceous. Thorax black, shining, pleura brownish and with some patches of whitish dust. Abdomen shining black. Legs testaceous. Wings ‘fuscous, with the following hyaline marks: An almost complete fascia proximad of the inner cross vein, a short fascia from costa to fourth vein proximad of outer cross vein, a quadrate mark at middle of first posterior cell, and another just proximad of it in second posterior cell, a mark over outer cross vein, and one at wing tip. Length, 4.5 mm. Habitat, Nederland Indies. Genus PACHYCERINA Macquart The characters cited by Hendel in his recently published key to the genera for the separation of this genus from Physogenta Mac- quart consist of the position of the anterior pair of orbitals, more closely placed than posterior pair in Physogenia and equally widely separated in Pachycerina, the differently haired aristae, shortly and densely haired in Pachycerina and longer and more sparsely haired in Physogenia, with slight differences in the form of face and occiput. Only the first mentioned character appears to be of any use for dis- tinguishing the genera as represented in the species before me. The only species of Physogenia which I have available now is ferruginea Schiner, and in the male of it the mid tarsus has the basal segment thickened, which is not the case in any of the species of Pachycerina available to me now. In my paper on Sumatran Sapromyzidae, which has already been referred to, I separated leucochaeta de Meijere from the other species previously included in this genus, erecting the genus Melanopachycerina for it and two other species. Doctor Frey retained this species in Pachycerina, but he also retained Steganopsis minor (de Meijere) in the genus so that he did not ap- parently have a very clear concept of the generic characters. I can not determine to what genus Pachycerina cyaneostoma Frey belongs, but am doubtful if it belongs here. The following key will serve to distinguish the species of the genus now known to me from the Orient. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 KEY TO THE SPECIES 1. Hairs on arista rather dense and not erect, the longest not as long as basal width, :of) third: -antennaliseements: a 26 45225 s2¢_ feed el ee 2: Hairs on arista not dense, erect, and the longest very distinctly longer than basal width, of thirdsantennal .segmentie.. = ss = a eee 5. 2. Face without dark discal spots; a deep black velvety spot between each an- tenna and eye; third antennal segment shorter than usual, not over twice as long as its basal width; seventh abdominal tergite with a pair of black SUDO TS Sa a Be re ee oe ae ge ene ee sigillata (de Meijere). Face with a pair of dark discal spots above middle; no black spot between each antenna and eye; third antennal segment elongate, about four times as‘long fas’ its! basal ‘widths 2S ee ee a ee eee 3. 38. Thorax with two series’ of intradorsocentral hairs, and four or five fine brownish lines on dorsum; fore femur entirely yellow; abdomen with a pair of small round black spots on seventh tergite______ javana Macquart. Thorax with four series of intradorsocentral hairs, and ten fine black lines on dorsum; fore femur with a black apical mark; abdomen without a pair of black spots"on sevenuhotercites.. 22 2s ees a nee 4, 4. Abdomen broadly deep black on dorsum, narrowly yellow on sides. decemlineata de Meijere. Abdomen entirely ;yellow=s=-= 23-3 = eee flaviventris, new species. 5. Facial spots very small and pale brown in color; wings quite intensely yel- NO Wer BLOM ECON Gea ee ae ee ee sexlineata de Meijere Facial spots larger and deep black; wings not more noticeably yellow along eostal than: elsewheres 22222. earn eee parvipunctata de Meijere. PACHYCERINA JAVANA Macquart Pachycerina javana Macquart Dipt. Exot., Suppl. 4, p. 274, 1850 (Sa- promyzda). The largest species known to occur in the Orient, readily distin- guished from its allies by the characters listed in the key. The male has a pair of very long basal hypogygial forceps which taper apically, and extend forward below abdomen to well in front of its middle. I have before me a series of specimens from Baguio, Benquet Province (C. F. Baker). PACHYCERINA FLAVIVENTRIS, new species This species is very similar to decemlineata, being the same in color except in having abdomen entirely yellow. The details in the above key are sufficient to insure its recognition. The outer partial black vitta behind suture of thorax, as well as the two black pleural vittae, so distinct in decemlineata, are not visible in the type of flaviventris, and the pair of black spots on face are smaller than in that species. T'ype—Cat. No. 41697, U.S.N.M.; Mount Maquiling, Luzon Proy- ince (C. F. Baker). The other species listed in key I have seen only from Java; the species sigillata was described as a Lauawania, but an examination of arr. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH 21 the type sent to me by Doctor de Meijere discloses that it belongs here. I do not know datifrons Thomson which Frey lists in this genus. He suggests its being the same as ocellaris Kertesz, but does not record it from the Philippines. As already indicated I have not seen cyaneos- toma Frey, which is a black species with a large yellow pleural mark and pale bases to the tarsi, and suspect that it does not belong here. It is from the Philippines. Genus MELANOPACHYCERINA Mailoch This genus is distinguished from Pachycerina by the possession of 4 pairs of dorsocentral bristles (1+), and a preapical anteroventral comb on the fore tibia. There are three species assigned to the genus as below. KEY TO THD SPECIES 1. Ocellar bristles quite large, divergent and forwardly directed; frontal orbits glossy black, sharply differentiated from the velvety black interfrontalia, narrowest just in front of ocelli, and gradually widened to anterior margin at which point each is wider than the space between them; fore femur with at least two bristles on apical half of posteroventral surface. leucochaeta (de Meijere). Ocellar bristles indistinguishable; interfrontalia not narrower at anterior margin than in front of ocelli; fore femur with one posteroventral bristle_ 2. 2. Face bicolored, black and fulvous, with a conspicuous transverse depression on lower half; posthumeral bristle about as long as the dorsocentrals; fore legs entirely black except the coxae and knees____ albiseta (Hendel). Face entirely glossy black, evenly and prominently convex; posthumeral bristle very short and weak; fore legs with apical halves of tibiae, and the ecoxae, white, the femora yellow at bases, darkened at apices, basal halves OtsipiacvanGrallcohutately Diack 2. a a eee varipes Malloch. MELANOPACHYCERINA LEUCOCHAETA (de Meijere) Pachycerina leucochaeta DE MEIJERE, Tijdschr. v. Wnt., vol. 57, p. 256, 1914. This species occurs in the Nederland Indies and Formosa, and Doctor Frey records it from the Philippines. It is a conspicuous black species about 5 mm. in length, with hyaline wings. The other species occur in the Nederland Indies and should be found in the Philippines. I consider Camptoprosopella angustilim- bata de Meijere is albiseta. Genus LAUXANIELLA Malloch One species from Formosa has been assigned here, tenuicornis Malloch. It is very similar in general appearance to M. leucochaeta. 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. T4 Genus CALLICLYPEUS Frey This genus: was distinguished from Pachycerina by Frey princi- pally by the shorter third antennal segment, which is not much over twice as long as wide, and were it not for the fact that the descrip- tion further indicates that the anterior pair of dorsocentral bristles is proximad of the suture I would not hesitate to consider it merely a synonym of that genus as Pachycerina sigillata has a similar short third antennal segment. However, without having access to the geno- type, I can not determine the status of the concept and accept it pro- visionally as distinct. CALLICLYPEUS BOETTCHERI Frey Calliclypeus boettcheri Frey, Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, vol. 56, No. 8, p.. 19, 1927. This species appears to be very similar to Pachycerina sigillata de Meijere in color, the principal distinction lying in the absence of the pair of black marks on the face in sigillata, only the spots between the antennae and eyes being present. The black spots on the seventh abdominal tergite of stgi//ata are not present in boeticheri, though the abdomen is darkened apically. Locality—Mumungan, Mindanao. Genus PHOBETICOMYIA Kertresz This genus was erected for the reception of Lauxania lunifera de Meijere. Frey, in his recent paper on Philippine Sapromyzidae, has included also Lauxvania ornatipennis de Meijere, and boettcher: Frey. The latter is the type species of Poecilomyza a new subgenus of Homoneura erected in the present paper, io ornatipennis belongs to another subgenus of Homoneura. I have besides lunifera another Philippine species of Phobeti- comyta before me. The genus is readily distinguished by the slight, but evident, cen- tral bulbosity of the glossy face, backwardly directed anterior orti- tals, and wing venation. The latter is similar to that of Homoneura. KPY TO THD SPECIES Wing with a hyaline fascia at extreme apex, and about four hyaline spots in second posterior cell in addition to the one on outer cross vein (fig. 18). lunifera (de Meijere). With a hyaline fascia at about its own width from apex, and no hyaline spots in second posterier cell except the one on outer cross vein (fig. 19). preapicalis, new species. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH 23 PHOBETICOMYIA LUNIFERA (de Meijere) Phobeticomyia lunifera pe Metserr, Tijdschr v. Hnt., vol. 53, p. 134, 1910 (Laurania). s Frey records this species from Port Bauga, Mindanao. PHOBETICOMYIA PREAPICALIS, new species In addition to the wing markings being distinct this species differs from lunifera in having the face glossy black, with a faint central vertical yellow stripe. In dwnifera the face is glossy black, with the entire lower margin, and a broad V-shaped mark on middle, yellow. Length, 3.5 mm. Type, male, and one paratype, both lacking the third antennal seg- ment, Singapore (C. F. Baker). In author’s collection. Genus TRYPANEOIDES Tonnoir and Malloch This genus is distinguished from all others except dfelinomyia Kertesz by the presence of two strong bristles on the mesopleura, one on upper hind margin, and the other, which is directed down- ward, close to middle of disk (the latter sometimes duplicated). From Melinomyia it may be distinguished by the presence of two sternopleurals, and the conspicuously marked wings. The costa is the same as in Homonewra, both orbitals are bent backward, the thorax has 1+ 8 strong pairs of dorsocentral and acrostichal bristles, the abdomen has sparse erect setulose hairs, and at apices of all tergites quite conspicuous bristles; there is always at least one con- spicuous bristle a little beyond middle of anteroventral surface of hind femur; the intra-alar bristle is weak or absent; and the fore femur has no anteroventral comb. The genotype, guttata Tonnoir and Malloch, is found in New Zealand. Below I present a key to the Oriental species known to me. KEY TO THE SPECIES 1. Abdomen glossy black, entirely without markings; three clear spots on costa of wing between apices of first and second veins; arisia rather LOTS pp VITO Ca eee ae 5s ry Pa SEO OR ee sas Dy, ye es dL ete Se 2. Abdomen brownish or fuscous, with conspicuous gray-dusted spots or mark- ings, and sometimes with brown spots; at least four clear spots on costa DEGWeehaADIEeS On fESG ANG. SeCONd VelINSe es = ee ee 6. 2. Wing with at least two complete clear fasciae in addition to some isolated GlEARISHOLS [AE AR ROL OS oP SEEN Ea PS as Soe NS AS ES See Fk 33 Wing without uninterrupted clear fasciae, sometimes with transverse series ORE CEES SY COS a ee ee ee eee See ee 5. 3. Wing with two clear fasciae, one just proximad of inner cross vein, and sometimes narrowly enclosing it, and the other at about its own width beyond outer cross vein, terminating on costa before apex of second vein, the clear mark on costa between the fasciae not extending over second SVG 101 NN eo! es tl cee AE bene woh Din to Bel saree he op a | bicincta (de Meijere). Wing with three complete clear fasciae, the third one extending across the wing from apex of second vein, between the second one and the apical CLOT Pee SO Cea en ee renee BLP eer I ee NN ae See Pe 4, 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 4. A clear fasciform mark on costa between the first and second fasciae extend- ing over third vein and faintly to fourth---_________~_ sumatrana Malloch. No clear mark on costa between first and second fasciae. tricincta Malloch. 5. Wing with but two clear spots in submarginal cell, one close to inner cross vein and the other on costa between apices on second and third veins. pulchripennis (de Meijere). Wing with three clear spots in submarginal cell, the additional one being about one-third from apex of cell__--__----_--~- fenestrata (de Meijere). 6. Not more than 10 dark spots and blotches between fifth vein and margin Of Win gisises ik. ys _ ee es ee 8 ae ser seg aa Gs Not less than 20 dark spots and blotches between fifth vein and margin Of Wi O --6 eR! ae a ee ne ee ee eee 10. 7. Mesopleura with two discal bristles, one above the other______---------- 8. Mesopleura ‘with only ‘one discal: bristle:=- == eee 9. 8. The four clear spots on costa between apices of first and second veins sub- equal in size and quite large; eight clear spots in first posterior cell in- cluding the large one at apex; length 2.5 mm____ tephritina (de Meijere). More than four clear spots in marginal cell, some very small and others much larger; about 12 clear spots in first submarginal cell including the large one at apex; Jength A mim 2208 2 se ee major, new species. 9. Two clear spots between apices of Second and third veins against costa, the additional one touching tip of third vein and very small; 14 or 15 clear spots in first posterior cell, including the large one at apex. hyalipuncta Malloch. One clear spot between apices of second and third veins against costa; about eight clear spots in first posterior cell, including the large one at POR Se ee ce ee ae 2 eee Se octomaculata Malloch. 10. Wing narrower than usual, apical hind margin slightly irregular in outline, outer cross vein distinctly less than half as long as ultimate section of fourth vein, the pale markings on wing pale brown except the anterior portions of the spots along costa, and the narrow hind margin, which are Clea ies = 2 oe oa ss 2 Se ee ee ee morio (de Meijere). Wing much broader than usual, conspicuously irregular in outline along apical hind margin, outer cross vein bisinuate, much more than half as long as ultimate section of fourth vein, all the pale wing markings clear, reduced to mere dots or short streaks on most of disk. trypetiformis (de Meijere). I have seen but one species of this genus from the Philippines, the above key being based upon material supplied by Doctor de Meijere and collected by Mr. E. Jacobson in Java and Sumatra, and by Doctor Toxopeus in Buru. Possibly species of the genus were sent to the late Dr. M. Bezzi by Prof. C. F. Baker, as I know he did send material in this family and also Trypetidae, with which latter family the species may be readily confused. Doctor Hendel has stated in a recent paper that fenestrata de Meijere belongs to the genus 7'rypetisoma Malloch. The latter has no discal mesopleural bristle and the costa is the same as in Sapro- myza. There is a close resemblance between the wings of Homoneura picta (de Meijere) and Homoneura trypetoptera (Hendel), and cer- ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH 25 tain species of 7rypaneoides, but I have seen both these species and they belong to Homoneura. Sapromyza perpunctata Lamb, from the Seychelles Islands is ap- parently a species of this genus related to octopunctata Malloch. TRYPANEOIDES MAJOR, new species Female.—Black, with dense yellowish gray dust and marked with dark brown. Face with a transverse brown line on upper part, and a biarcuate line of same color near lower margin which connects with a spot on each parafacial at vibrissal angle; antennae brownish yellow, darker below; palpi yellow, fuscous at apices; frons dark at bases of bristles. Thoracic dorsum and pleura with numerous irregular dark brown marks. Abdomen with rather large pale gray dusted spots on hind margins of tergites, a bristle in each spot except the central one which has a bristle on each side of it. Legs testaceous, femora largely brown basally, hind pair dark brown at extreme tips, hind tibia with a narrow dark brown band near base. Wings dark brown, with numerous hyaline spots, four rather large unequal spots and one or two much less distinct streaks in marginal cell, one spot against costa in apex of submarginal cell, preceded by 4 minute dots, then a large oblong spot the inner extremity of which is almost above outer cross vein, and a smaller spot near base of cell; first posterior cell with 12 or 13 clear spots, some very small; 4 or 5 spots in second posterior cell, and about 8 in discal cell, the latter mostly fused in pairs, none of the spots in either cell touching outer cross vein; the apical spot in anal field isolated, the others connected. Knobs of halteres dark brown. Arista very short haired; orbitals strong. Thorax as in the other species, but the mesopleura with two discal bristles. Each tergite with one series of long erect bristles. Hind femur with about three anteroventral bristles on apical half. Length, 4 mm. Type—Cat. No. 41132 U.S.N.M. Baguio, Benquet Province, P. I. (C. F. Baker). The type bears the number 19391, which indicates that another specimen was sent to some specialist for identification. Genus MINETTIA Robineau-Desvoidy There are three segregates of this genus in the material before me. One of these (Minettiella, new subgenus) has but one well- developed sternopleural bristle, the arista pubescent or short haired, frons entirely shining, and the face flat. The other two segregates have two sternopleural bristles, the frons largely or entirely dull, the arista longer haired, and most of the species have the face with 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 two slight, but distinct, rounded elevations on lower part. The last two segregates I retain in Minettia, the one with the facial eleva- tions being the typical form. In the following key I include all species known to me from the Orient, some of them being dependably separable only by the structure of the male hypopygia. =~ KEY TO THE SPECIES . Sternopleura with but one distinct bristle; arista pubescent or very short haired; frons entirely shining; face flat (Minettiella, new subgenus)-- 2 Sternopleura with two distinct bristles; arista distinctly haired, the shortest hairs at least as long as half the width of third antennal segment; frons largely dull; face usually with two slight elevations below_--------- 3. . Dorsocentral bristles 1+3, acrostichals 1+4; mesopleura with an isolated an- terior bristle: below middle 245i.) 2) ._ eee atratula (de Meijere). Dorsocentral bristles 0+2 or 0+3, acrostichals the same; mesopleura with- out an isolated anterior bristle below middle____---~ atrata (de Meijere). . Face without distinguishable elevations below; male hypopygium with a stout, tubelike, downwardly projecting dentral process, and without heavily chitinized inner hooks (Fig. 20) ; arista short haired_-------__ 4, Face with a quite noticeable elevation on each side below; male hypopy- gium without a tubelike central process, usually with two or four strong black chitinous hooks or spines, which are more or less curved, and generally asymmetrical: arista, plumose.-2.-—==- =.= 5. . Large species, fully 5 mm. in length; hind tarsus with the basal segment slightly compressed in both sexes; ocellar bristles about twice as long as anterion-orbitalsias). tit) Seb a ee 5 eae ee tubifera Malloch. Smaller species, about 4 mm, in length; hind tarsus with basal segment nor- mal in structure in both sexes; ocellar bristles about as long as anterior COT En Sa ie ee ee ee hoozanensis Malloch. . Bases of wings quite distinctly blackened; knobs of halteres black; abdomen with distinet ‘dusting ‘on’ dorsum 20) 2 22 See eee 6. Bases of wings not blackened; knobs of halteres black; abdomen entirely shining black, without distinct dusting; hypopygium as Figures 21 and 22. nigrohalterata Malloch. Bases of wings not darkened; knobs of halteres yellow; abdomen shining black, with grayish dusting evenly distributed__.____________-_-___-___- 8. . Abdomen reddish testaceous, with evenly distributed grayish dusting. rufiventris (Macquart). Abdomen black, with grayish dusting, and a dark brown transverse band in, middle. ofeach) tergites: ee ee ee eee eee ii . Hind tibia with a distinct preapical dorsal bristle; male hypopygium as WUTC: Dee a a es ae ee ee ee fuscofasciata (de Meijere). Hind tibia without a preapical dorsal bristle; male hypopygium as Figure 24. quadrispinosa Malloch. . Wings grayish hyaline; anterior one of the postsutural pairs of dorsocentrals as close to suture as posterior pair is to hind margin; hypopygium as Mipare) 20a ee ee, obscura (de Meijere). Wings, halteres, and squamae and their fringes, honey yellow; anterior pair of postsutural bristles much farther from suture than posterior pair is from“ hind Mmarpints TW eT ee Se ee ee eae 9. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—-MALLOCH 27 9. Basal portion of male hypopygium (eighth tergite) with the apical lateral arms hinged and furecate, or with internal tooth (Fig. 26). luteitarsis (de Meijere). Basal portion of male hypopygium with the apical lateral arms connected with the basal part by a narrow neck, not hinged to it, and sharp at apex OT 27) EE 2 So Se ee ea oe philippinensis, new species. MINETTIELLA, new subgenus This subgenus is erected for the reception of two species, both of which are glossy black, with immaculate wings, yellow halteres, and characters as given in key. Subgenotype—Lauxania atratula de Meijere. Neither species is amongst those before me from the Philippines, though it is very probable that one or both may occur there. Subgenus MINETTIA Robineau-Desvoidy In his paper on Philippine Sapromyzidae Doctor Frey gives the sub- generic name H'uminettia to the segregate of Minettia in which there are no elevations on the face, naming lupuliéna Fabricius as genotype. T rather doubt the possibility of distinguishing the segregates by this ‘character, as the elevations, while quite noticeable in some species, are very inconspicuous in others and it is very difficult, if not impossible, to draw the line anywhere. The same author erects the subgenus Calominettia for the South American species geminata Fabricius. The latter he distinguished from H'wménettia by the divergent apical scutellar bristles, a rather variable character. There are but two species of those listed in the key amongst those before me from the Philippines, though undoubtedly more occur there. MINETTIA RUFIVENTRIS (Macquart) Minettia rufiventris MacquarT Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 3, p. 68, 1847. This species appears to be very widely distributed in the Orient, occurring in Formosa, the Nederland Indies, etc. I have before me one specimen from Imugin, N. Viscaya (C. F, Baker), and Frey records it from Luzon. MINETTIA PHILIPPINENSIS, new species Male and female—Similar to luteitarsis (de Meijere) in coloration. Black, the face and frons whitish dusted, the former most densely so ; thorax with brownish dust and four faint vittae on dorsum; abdomen shining, without dusting; wings yellowish hyaline, almost honey yellow; halteres honey yellow. The legs are pitchy black, with the bases of tibiae slightly yellowish and the tarsi yellow. Structurally similar to duteitarsis, the frontal bristles all strong, arista with long hairs; thorax with three pairs of dorsocentrals, the 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 anterior pair well behind the suture, and shorter than the second pair; lower anterior part of mesopleura with the hairs long and setalose. Hypopygium as Figure 27. Length, 6 mm. Type, male and allotype, Mount Maquiling, Luzon Province; para- type male, Butuan, Mindanao (C. F. Baker). The species of this genus in the Orient present very good charac- ters in the structure of the male hypopygia for their separation, but these characters have not been used to any extent in describing the species from this or any other region and it is difficult to distinguish some of them on color alone, as they are very similar in appearance. A comparison of the figures of the hypopygia in this paper indicates, if the structure of these organs indicates anything, that there are four groups in the lot: tubifera, nigrohalterata, and philippinensis, representing separate types, and obscura, quadrispinosa, luteitarsis, and fuscofasciata another. Only tubifera lacks the facial elevations. It is noteworthy that the American species with elevations on the face, and also the genotype of Minettia, have entirely different hypo- pygia from this oriental group, there being no heavily chitinized inner hooks present. It is, of course, impossible to find correlated genital characters in the females, so that no groups can be based upon the structure of the male hypopygia, no matter how distinctive this may be. Genus SAPROMYZA Fallén I have before me at this time 16 oriental species of this genus which is not so abundantly represented here as in some other regions. Of these species one belongs to a segregate which I consider is en- titled to subgeneric distinction, and it is treated thus herein. To facilitate identification of the species I present a diagnostic key. KEY TO THE SPECIES 1. Fore femur with an anteroventral comb of minute black bristles apically ; thorax black, with two broad submedian white-dusted vittae, and three pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, the anterior pair close to suture; abdomen black, with a yellowish dorsocentral line on apical three or four tergites, and apices of all tergites white dusted; wings grayish hyaline, base and outer cross vein slightly fuscous clouded. albocincta (de Meijere). Fore femur with an anteroventral comb of minute black bristles apically ; thorax yellow, with four pairs of dorsocentral bristles (1+3) ; abdomen yellow, with a large blackish mark on each side of each tergite except the basal one, which gives the dorsum the appearance of having a broad blackish vitta on each side; wings yellowish hyaline, outer cross vein and apices of veins 2, 3, and 4, conspicuously clouded with fuscous. omei, new species. Fore femur without an anteroventral comb of minute bristles; thorax and abdomen not colored as above; outer cross vein not clouded__--------- 2. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—-MALLOCH 29 =I . Thorax with three pairs of dorsocentral bristles_________-_-__---__----_- 3. Thorax with two pairs of dorsocentral bristles.-_---.-- +. =+-_-.=.---__ 6. . Wings broadly brown on costa from base to apex of third vein; species shining yellow in color, abdomen with a large deep black spot on each side of each tergite; thorax with four fuscous vittae, the submedian pair ex- tending over the sides of scutellum, the others on notopleural sutures, and a fuscous streak over upper margin of sternopleura; legs yellow, with the apices of all femora, all of fore tibiae and tarsi, and extreme bases of mid and hind tibiae, fuscous______----___-_~ conspicua Malloch. Wings entirely hyaline; species not marked as above_-__-__-________-_-_ 4, . A deep black mark between base of each antenna and eye; ocellar bristles small; prescutellar acrostichals strong______._________ deceptor Malloch. No black mark between each antenna and e¢ye.——-——) 22 5. . Anterior orbital bristles not much shorter than posterior pair and but little closer to them than the latter are to vertical bristles, the inner vertical pair not nearly twice as long as outer pair, ocellars minute; a small fuscous spot over ocelli; thorax without a conspicuous dark dorsocentral vitta, the prescutellar acrostichals lacking; abdomen with four black spots on fifth and other four on sixth tergite; wings glassy. hyalipennis (de Meijere). Anterior orbitals minute and much closer to posterior pair than latter are to the verticals, inner verticals about twice as long as outer pair, ocellars long; a large obcordate velvety black mark extending from ocelli back- ward over the occiput, the vertex rounded; thorax with a complete, broad, black, dorsocentral vitta filling area between the dorsocentral series; abdomen largely brown; wings dull hyaline__ koshunensis Malloch. . Antennae deep black, apex of third segment fulvous yellow, sharply con- trasting with the basal two-thirds; hairs on arista about as long as width ‘ofsthirdrantennwll seam enti os as Sasa cee eel esl ee inversa, new species. Antennae either yellow or fuscous, the third segment never distinctly paler at apex than at base, usually the reverse, if largely pale at apex the arista iSsmuUchiGhorbernh wine dates s+ eestor tee + wT ey te ta Nl eh ee 6a. . Longest hairs on arista never half as long as width of third antennal seg- EN TN a a I a ee ee aS ONS SU ON cl A SE RN EM a Sd Ge Longest hairs on arista at least.as long as width of third antennal seg UTNE) eae ee et LOE AR | OATS APA NS. PE a BE ee A el A A 10. . Pleura entirely yellow, dorsum of thorax fuscous, with grayish dusting; hairs on arista black, much denser than usual, the longest about half as long as the width of third antennal segment; thorax with a pair of dis- tinct prescutellar acrostichals; antennae with basal segments, and the extreme base of third segment, black, rest of latter yellow. flavopleura Malloch. Pleura black or fuscous, concolorous with dorsum of thorax, usually the hairs on arista not dense and not half as long as width of third antennal . Thorax with a pair of well aeisona preseutellar acrostichal biletles: head black, frons in front, and base of third antennal segment broadly, bright orange-yellow; thorax black, with slight brownish dusting on LOTT Ua Ta aa ce a Br nee re PD eB fasciatifrons Kertesz. Thorax without a trace of prescutellar. acrostichal bristles; head and antennae entirely dull yellow; thorax black, with a broad central stripe of yellow dust which extends over disk of scutellum__________________ 9. 5 ADH NERS GATT eS EA ANY 021) Ke al RS tc pollinifrons Malloch Tibiae darkened at bases and apices_________________- annulifera Malloch. 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 10. Thorax without distinct prescutellar acrostichal bristles; basal two antennal segments deep black, third segment yellow__--__-__-___-_____--___- hc Thorax with a pair of distinct prescutellar acrostichal bristles; basal two segments of antennae not or but little darker than apical part of third_ 12. 11. Thorax testaceous, dorsum densely whitish gray dusted, with two faint ' dark submedian vittae; apex of scutellum broadly testaceous, pusillima (de Meijere). Thorax yellowish gray, gray dusted, with a broad blackish gray vitta be- tween the dorsocentral series which extends on to the scutellum, pleuralis (Kertesz) 12. Frons fulvous yellow, with a broad dark brown central vitta; antennae deep black, the base of third segment broadly fulvous yellow; thorax fulvous yellow, with six broad dark brown vittae on dorsum, the outer one on each side on the notopleural suture, and the pletra with two similar Wittaelint sli salu inel fet ie it te SE maquilingensis, new species. Frons ;and ‘thorax not) colored’ as\abovesii=_ Ss ee ee 13. 18. Mesopleura with a conspicuous downwardly directed bristle near middle of disk; wing with a black spot at apex of auxiliary vein, and the base black; thorax black: abdomen testaceous, with six series of dark spots, which are most distinct on fifth tergite (Xenosapromyza, new subgenus). cinctipes (de Meijere). Mesopleura’ with only ‘fine hairs*on disk 21222 hees Sore eee ea 14. 14. Wing with a dark spot at apex of auxiliary vein; basal two antennal seg- ments and base of third yellowish testaceous, sharply contrasting with apex of latter which is dark; thorax testaceous, dorsum with a central vitta and some sublateral marks brown; scutellum testaceous, with two brown discal marks; abdomen with six series of black spots; femora fuscous, with preapical yellow annulus_____~_ poecilogaster (de Meijere). Wings without a dark spot at apex of auxiliary vein; only the base of third antennal segment yellowish, remainder of antennae fuscous; thorax fuscous, dorsum densely and uniformly pale gray dusted; scutellum gray at base, broadly black apically; abdomen with two or four series of black SpoOtsusil Peres ee ee ee ee ee quadrangulata (de Meijere)- I have examined all of the Javanese species described by Doctor de Meijere, but only one of them has been received from the Philip- pines. The only other Philippine species known to me are the two described below. XENOSAPROMYZA, new subgenus This subgenus is distinguished from Sapromyza by the presence of one or two strong bristles near middle of mesopleura much like those in the genus 7’rypaneoides, but other respects it agrees closely with Sapromyza. Subgenotype.—Lauxania cinctipes de Meijere. SAPROMYZA (XENOSAPROMYZA) CINCTIPES (de Meijere) Lauxania cinctipes DB Mpivrere, Tijdschr v. Ent., vol. 538, p. 125, 1910. I have seen only the type specimen of this species, from Java. Doctor Frey records the species as a Homoneura from Los Banos, bnt I think erroneously. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH 31 SAPROMYZA (SAPROMYZA) QUADRANGULATA (de Meijere) Laurenia quadrangulata pe MrErp, Tijdschr v. Ent., vol. 67, p. 48, 1924. T have before me a specimen which evidently belongs to this species. It agrees with the type specimen, but is smaller, and has the legs less conspicuously banded, and the abdomen with smaller spots, and with four or even six series instead of but two as in the type. This last character may be variable, as there are traces in the type of additional series of spots besides the two submedian series, and the Philippine example is not fully matured, so accurate comparison is difficult. Locality, Mount Maquiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker). SAPROMYZA (SAPROMYZA) MAQUILINGENSIS, new species Female—Shining fulvous yellow. Frons with a broad, central. dark brown, or fuscous, vitta which covers the ocellar region and extends almost to anterior margin; face with a brownish transverse central mark which does not extend over parafacials; basal two an- tennal segments and apical third of third segment deep black; palpi black. Thoracic dorsum with six, pleura with two, dark brown or fuscous vittae; base of scutellum black in center. Abdomen dark- ened above centrally. Legs yellow, apices of fore femora on anterior side, and all of fore tibia and tarsus, fuscous. Wings yellowish hyaline. Halteres yellow. Anterior pair of orbital bristles shorter than posterior pair, not as long as the slender ocellars; arista short plumose. Thorax with two pairs of postsutural dorsocentrals, one pair of prescutellar acrostichals, and six series of intradorsocentral hairs, the latter con- fined to anterior portion; no strong bristles on anterior part of mesopleura; both sternopleurals present. Fore femur without an anteroventral comb; mid tibia with one long apical ventral bristle. Inner cross vein close to middle of discal cell; ultimate section of fourth vein fully 2.5 as long as penultimate section. Length, 3 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 41161, U.'S.N.M. Mount Maquiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker). SAPROMYZA (SAPROMYZA) INVERSA, new species Female—Shining testaceous yellow. Frons broadly black across middle, and on the ocellar spot; antennae deep black, apical third of third segment bright fulvous yellow; aristae black at bases, paler beyond; palpi black, yellow at bases. Thoracic dorsum broadly in- fuscated, the lateral and posterior margins yellow; scutellum with a large central basal infuscation; notopleural margin fuscous; pleura with a fuscous vitta on upper margin of sternopleura; center of metanotum fuscous. Abdomen largely darkened at bases or tergites. 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 Extreme apices of femora and bases of the tibiae black. Wings hyaline. Halteres yellow. Frons about as long as wide at vertex, narrowed anteriorly, all bristles present, outer verticals shorter than inner, anterior orbitals about half as long as posterior pair; antennae rather large, third segment rounded at apex and about twice as long as wide; longest hairs on arista about as long as width of third antennal segment; palpi slender. Thorax with two pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles, one pair of prescutellar acrostichals, and about ten series of short intradorsocentral hairs; anterior sternopleural bristle short; scutellum flattened above. Fore femur without an anteroventral comb; all tibiae with a distinct preapical dorsal bristle. Wings rather narrow, inner cross vein close to middle of discal cell, ultimate section of fourth vein fully twice as long as penultimate section. Length, 2.5 mm. Type—Cat. No. 41131, U.S.N.M. Type, and one paratype in poor condition, Mount Maquiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker). The color of the antennae readily separates this species from any now known to me. Usually when the third antennal segment is bicolored in this as in other genera the dark color is on the apical and not the basal portion. SAPROMYZA OMETI, new species Female.—Head orange-yellow, opaque except on face and occiput which are slightiy shining, ocellar spot velvety black; antennae and palpi not blackened; aristae brown, yellow at bases. Thorax and abdomen shining orange-yellow, not so bright as frons, the abdomen with a large blackish mark on each side of each tergite except the basal one, which gives the dorsum the appearance of having a broad blackish itt, on each side. Wings yellowish hyaline, outer cross vein and apices of veins 2, 3, and 4 conspicuously clouded with fus- cous. Legs and halteres yellow. Frons subquadrate, orbits not differentiated, anterior orbital bris- tles a little shorter than the posterior pair and much farther from eyes, ocellar bristles short and weak, postverticals long, situated well below vertex; arista pubescent; face fiat. Thorax with 1 to 3 pairs of dorsocentrals, the intradorsocentral hairs weak and in four irregu- lar series; sternopleurals both present, the anterior one shortest; scutellum subconvex. Genital papillae enclosed between the glossy chitinous plates which are rounded at apices and emarginate above at some distance from their tips. Fore femur with an anteroventral comb; all tibiae with preapical bristle. Inner cross vein below apex of first vein and at middle of discal cell; ultimate section of fourth vein but little longer than penultimate. Length, 5 mm ini ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH 33 Type.—Cat. No. 40399, U.S.N.M. Type and one paratype, Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, Szechuen, China, 4,000 feet, September 10, 1922 (D. C. Graham). This species is readily distinguished from others which have the wings marked by the bivittate appearance of the dorsum of abdomen. Doctor Frey records no species of this genus in his paper but there may be many in the Philippines as they are as a general run much smaller and less conspicuous than the species of the better represented genus Homoneura, and are not so likely to be found in general collections. Genus TRIGONOMETOPUS Meigen There have been several species of this genus described from the Orient, or at least they have been placed in this genus, and two of these species described from the Philippines are now before me. Doctor Frey recorded these two species also but did not describe any new species, though he described a new genus, Hendelimyza, which he placed next to Trigonometopus. He makes no mention of the pres- ence or absence of the posthumeral bristle so that it is not possible to make absolutely certain of the identity of his genus. In describing Hendelimyza Doctor Frey remarks that it is strange that the genus Sapromyza, which is common in the Palearctic and Nearctic regions, and appears to be absent from the Oriental region, should be so well represented in the Australian region, and suggests that some of the numerous species of Sapromyza which I have described from the latter region may belong to Hendelimyza or an allied genus. If his genus Hendelimyza is no closer to 7'rigonometopus than any one of the species described by me from Australia I can not understand why he placed it in his key next to that genus. In fact I should be inclined to consider it merely a Sapromyza. If one gives too much weight to variations in the shape of the head, and the chaetotaxy of the thorax, in this family there will be no end to the number of genera erected, with the result that the identification of species will be absolutely impossible. I present below a key to the species of 7rigonometopus known to me from the Orient. KEY TO THE SPECIES 1. Cheek with a series of hairs along middle which extends upward on para- facial almost as far as do the marginal hairs (Luzonomyza, new subgenus). bakeri Bezzi. @heekwwithout hairshonp mid desk Sak se i ee ee eee De 2. Thorax with the dorsocentral bristles arranged 1+2. Neotrigonometopus, new subgenus. Thorax with the dorsocentral bristles arranged 0+3 (Subgenus Trigo- memetopus: Melcen) =e ann ne ee ee ee ee So ea eee 3. 2609—29—_3 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 8. Arista and its hairs snow white, the hairs quite dense, and longer than usual; wings hyaline, costa fuscous from apex of auxiliary vein to apex of second, the entire marginal cell between these points fuscous, and with three fuscous fasciae from the dark border, one extending over inner cross vein to middle of wing, one over outer cross vein almost completely over wing, and a broad subapical one which leaves only a narrow hyaline fascia between it and the one over outer cross vein, extending from third vein to hind margin, and a narrow white apical border____ albiseta Bezzi. Arista fuscous, paler at base; wings not marked as above_------------- 4. 4. Length of frons from posterior ocelli to anterior margin less than equal to its central width; the brown suffusion of wing interrupted by a longitudi- nal pale line in first posterior cell, and two pale transverse interruptions over apical section of third vein, giving it the appearance of being faintly tripunctate with fuscous; frons with three dark lines. submaculipennis Malloch. Length of frons from posterior ocelli to anterior margin about twice as great as its width at center; the brown suffusion of wing becoming grad- ually less intense from costa to fourth vein, without hyaline interruptions ; frons with at most a faint dark central line____-___ brunneicosta Malloch. TRIGONOMETOPUS SUBMACULIPENNIS Malloch Trigonometopus submaculipennis MALLocH, Ent. Mitt., vol. 16, p. 164, 1927. TRIGONOMETOPUS BRUNNEICOSTA Malloch Trigonometopus brunneicosta Mattocn, Ent. Mitt., vol. 16, p. 164, 1927. The above two species were described by me in a recent paper on Formosan species. TRIGONOMETOPUS ALBISETA Bezzi Trigonometopus albiseta Brezzi, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 8, p. 317, 1913. I have seen three specimens of this species from Mount Maquiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker). LUZONOMYZA, new subgenus I feel that the possession of but one distinguishing character, even such a one as here mentioned, is insufficient to justify the removal of the species to a distinct genus and consequently have suggested only subgeneric rank for the one under discussion. Subgenotype—Trigonometopus bakeri Bezzi. TRIGONOMETOPUS (LUZONOMYZA) BAKERI (Bezzi) Trigonometopus bakeri Brezzi, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 8, p. 318, 1913. I have before me three specimens of this species from Mount Maquiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker). The hypopygium is as Figure 28. Typical members of the genus 7'7igonometopus occur in Europe and America. The genotype occurs in Europe. NEOTRIGONOMETOPUS, new subgenus This subgenus is erected for the reception of the Australian species Trigonometopus fuscifrons Malloch. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—-MALLOCH 35 As an aid to the identification of the genera most closely related to Trigonometopus I append the key below. All the genera lack the posthumeral bristle. Hendel has altered his definition of this bristle to “ presutural bristle” in his later papers: KBY TO THE GENDPRA 1. Scutellum longer than half the mesonotum, rounded quadrangular, flat con- vex, sharply margined and celyphuslike projecting over base of abdomen Celypholauxania Hendel (Neotropical). Scutellum normal, not margined nor prolonged____-_____--_-_-____-_--_~- 2. 2. Postvertical bristles lacking; face with a vertical central keel which is quite sharp on upper part; anterior orbital bristles incurved. Sauteromyia Malloch. Postvertical bristles. present ; face not: keeled=_2_4+==-_—-—~--__--_--~__-_- oe Sa ATELOLOEDItAla DISHES HINCULVCO ==. 5 —.5 ees ee Paranomina Hendel. Anterions orbital bristles, recurved. eee et Trigonometopus Meigen. Sauteromyia is known only from Formosa, and Paranomina from Australia- MAQUILINGIA, new genus Genotype.—Maquilingia hirticeps, new species. This genus is one of the few in the family in which the dorsocentral bristles are arranged 1+2. From the others occurring in the Orient in which the costa is similar to that of Sapromyza it may be dis- tinguished by means of the key presented below. ‘The general appear- ance is quite similar to that of Paranomina Hendel, but the post- humeral bristle is present, and consequently it falls in the section containing the Australian genus Z7’rigonometopsis Malloch and the Old World genera included in the following key. KBY TO GHNERA 1. Thorax with the anterior pair of dorsocentral bristles in front of suture, and ULM Os POStSUSCULalSpAITS= = eae ree ee ek ee ee ee ee oe Thorax with the anterior pair of dorsocentral privties at or behind suture, and always three postsutural pairs thus present__ Trigonometopsis Malloch. 2. Thorax with quadriseriate intradorsocentral hairs; postvertical bristles well developed; anterior orbitals not, or very slightly, bent inward; frons longer than wide, copiously haired in front____-__ Maquilingia, new genus. Thorax with biserate intradorsocentral hairs; anterior orbitals bent in- ward Thorax with biseriate intradorsocentral hairs; anterior orbitals not bent inward; frons as wide as long, sparsely haired, inner verticals longest. Kerteszomyia, new genus. 3. Postverticals very small and weak, far below the ocelli. Panurgopsis Kertesz. Postvertical well developed, in normal position frons fully as wide as long, WithRie Ww NaieSrn ehronites= 2 eel ean Dees eel _. Chaetolauxania Kertesz. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 The two species known to me may be separated as below. Frons testaceous, with a complete, narrow, central brown vitta; a pale brown mark between each antenna and eye, which is longer than height of third antennal segment, and a brewn mark below each antenna; lower margin of cheek with a rather long bristle about middle, and in front of it numerous short black hairs on entire cheek, which extend above lower level of eye. hirticeps, new species. Frons testaceous, with a small fuscous mark on ocellar region; a round choco- late-brown, or black, mark between each antenna and eye, and a similarly colored mark on parafacial Suture below each antenna; cheek with three or four long bristles on lower margin, the foremost one at, or close to, lower level of eye, and in front of it two or three fine hairs, none of them on disk of the checkwes tet. at AI SS en ee eee facialis, new species. MAQUILINGIA HIRTICEPS, new species Female.—Yellowish testaceous, slightly shining. Head as de- scribed in key. Thorax with two brown vittae along inner margins of the series of dorsocentrals, which are continued over the scutellum, a paler vitta on each side of these behind suture, and a fainter com- plete one between it and lateral margin, a pale yellow line on exact center of mesonotum and scutellum. Abdominal tergites narrowly dark brown on apices. Wings grayish hyaline. Halteres yellow. Frons about 1.5 as long as wide at center, quite copiously black haired in front of ocelli, anterior orbitals a little incurved at tips, about two-thirds as long as posterior pair, and about as long as width of third antennal segment; arista with very short pubescence; face slightly receding below; eye about 1.25 as long as high; cheek at bristle about one-third as high as eye. Thorax with 1+2 pairs of long dorsocentrals, four series of intradorsocentral hairs, a pair of prescutellar acrostichals, and the posthumeral, and anterior sterno- pleural, short. Abdomen tapered apically. Legs normal, the fore tarsi slightly dilated apically. Inner cross vein close to middle of discal cell, penultimate section of fourth vein a little less than half us long as ultimate section; first posterior cell slightly narrowed apically. Length, 3 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 41599, U.S.N.M.; Mount Magquiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker). MAQUILINGIA FACIALIS, new species Female.—tIn addition to the distinguishing characters listed in the key this species differs from hérticeps in having the frons shorter, about 1.25 as long as wide, and less copiously haired, the orbital bristles longer, the anterior pair being at least 1.5 as long as width of third antennal segment, the eye is more rounded and but little longer than high, the cheek is about one-fourth as high as eye at arr. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH 37 middle, the thorax has four brownish vittae, the partial one being absent, and the abdomen is without blackish apices to tergites. Length, 3 mm. Type and one paratype—Mount Maquiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker). Pype.—Vemale, Cat. No. 41600, U.S.N.M. An interesting character possessed by both species of this genus is the short, but distinct, bristle on the outer side of basal antennal segment near its lower margin. I have not cited this character in the generic diagnosis as I have but two specimens of the genus and it may not be constant. A similar bristle appears on the basal an- tennal segment in erteszomyia, but it is close to the upper margin of the segment and is much shorter. wereasfh > holed - era thet Lie 73. Face entirely deep black from eye to eye__--_-______ atriceps, new species. Mace entirely. yellows = === 5S ees Seat Pee eee 74. 74. Thorax with two submedian fuscous vittae which begin behind anterior margin, and connect with the black mark on base of scutellum; mid femur with some long fine bristles on basal half of posteroventral sur- face, and hind tibia with a sharp carina on dorsal surface apically in male; hypopygium as Figure 69___...____2___-___ bilineella (Frey). Thorax without fuscous dorsal vittae, posterior margin of mesonotum black centrally, the black color connected with the black basal mark on BOULG] OM Fash 3 ere ee Re See vee ee eee ee eee ee 15. 75. Palpi black at apices; outer cross vein of wing quite distinctly clouded; mid femur in male with some long fine bristles on basal half of postero- ventral surface; hind tibia of male with a sharp carina on dorsal surface apically; hypopygium as Figure 70___________________ nothosticta (Frey). Palpi entirely yellow; outer cross vein not at all clouded; mid femur in male without long posteroventral bristles ; hind tibia not sharply carinate on ‘dorsum in’ elither seme Sega a 76. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH 49 76. bike 79. 81. Male hypopygium as Figures 71 and 72; Formosan species. notostigma (Kertesz). Male hypopygium as Figures 73 and 74; Javanese species. demeijerii, new species. Frons with an opaque black triangular mark between anterior portion of each orbital stripe and eye; only the outer cross vein clouded; anterior orbital fully half as long as posterior one; hypopygium as Figure 75. bakeri, new species. Frons without anterior triangular black marks; both cross veins slightly clouded; anterior orbital not fully half as long as posterior one; hypopy- STUMP ASW SUL (Geek sto es eae ee nd a leucoprosopon (de Meijere). . Thorax largely, or entirely, black or fuscous, never yellow on disk, and often densely gray dusted at least in part; apex of scutellum always very distinctly paler than base, generally stramineous, except in tozo- PIGS cane AE pe Ft el ey ils Sn Be ee ttle ee 79 Thorax testaceous or fulvous yellow, the ground color never obscured by grayish dusting; apex of scutellum not paler than its base____________ 85. Preseutellar acrostichals microscopic, usually almost indistinguishable ; therax and abdomen shining black, almost devoid of dusting; humeri yellowish; apex of scutellum broadly yellowish; palpi and mid and hind fenvoray larcelysfuSCOUS= 424 es ae ee eee ornatifrons (de Meijere). Prescutellar acrostichals conspicuously developed ; thorax not shining black, with dense -srayishvornwhittsh dusting — 5 sak ee ees 80. . Frons, and center of thoracic dorsum, incuding that of scutellum, with dense whitish gray dusting, the whole forming a broad pale vitta which is bordered on each side by a narrower dark brown vitta on thorax, be- tween which vittae and the lateral dark margins there is another linear whitish vitta; pleura gray dusted, with two dark brown vittae; face fuscous, gray dusted; palpi and femora almost entirely black; tibiae and GERAIS Dm ce oy yak Se viatrix (de Meijere). Frong distinctly bicolored, yellow and black, or gray; dorsum of thorax not vittate, densely gray dusted all over; pleura not vittate; palpi and LETNO Rage Cll O Wsse Se Se ee a ee Le 81. Abdomen testaceous yellow, with black or fuscous markings at apices of tergites; legs testaceous, hind tibiae with a dark incomplete subbasal band; outer cross vein narrowly and faintly clouded______-_-_____-___- 82. Abdomen dark gray, without spots, the apices of tergites very narrowly yellow ; outer cross vein not clouded; face testaceous___________----- 84. . Scutellum not pale on margin; face yellow; pteropleura and mesopleura eye livia] eh Coch as Sa a pian, Fe ig Bs Sp ce es Bg ee toxopeus Malloch. Scutellummadistincetlyapale jon: mang ioe eo Ee ee ee Oe . Face with a gray transverse band or pair of spots near middle; abdomen with a central series of elongate black marks, and on each side a trans- verse black apical mark on each tergite except basal and apical; hy- popygium as Figures 77, 78; apex of fifth tarsal segment biackened. beckeri (Kertesz). Face testaceous; each abdominal tergite except basal and apical with a complete black apical fascia which is carried forward triangularly at middle; upper half of occiput yellowish testaceous; male hypopygium as Figure 79; apex of fifth tarsal segment blackened___ fasciventris Malloch. Face with a fuscous mark near middle as in beckeri; abdominal tergites marked as in fasciventris; upper half of occiput with a large fuscous mark on each side; hypopygium as Figure 80; fifth tarsal segment pale. occipitalis Malloch. 2609—29-—_4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 84. Frons dull gray, yellow in front; legs stramineous, a brownish mark at apex of fore tibia on posterior side, and another near base of hind tibia on ventral side 425 Sa ae ara vet Sie SP eee immaculata (de Meijere). Frons ochreous yellow, only the orbital stripes and ocellar region gray; legs stramineous, fore femur with a brownish preapical mark on anterior side along the bases of the anteroventral comb of setulae. circumcincta (Frey). 85. Longest hairs on arista not over half as long as width of third antennal segment; abdomen with a large black mark at apex on each side of each tergite except the basal two, which is broadest at inner extremity and tapers off outwardly, the inner extremities quite widely separated; ocellar bristles weak and short, hardly more than half as long as anterior or- bitals; cross veins of wings not clouded__----_~- trifasciata (de Meijere). Longest hairs on arista at least as long as width of third antennal segment; abdomen with one or two pairs of black spots, with some of the tergites tripunctate, quadripunctate, or all impunctate_____________________- 86. 86. Abdomen with some distinct round, or subquadrate, black spots on at least one of the ‘tergites, usually the HEthe 22008 ee eee 87. Abdomen without distinct black spots on tergites, sometimes with a faint central vitta’ or Suiusion Se 2 ee Se eee eee 95. 87. Neither of the cross veins very evidently clouded_____________-___-___- 8s. At least the outer cross vein of wing quite noticeably clouded, not conspicu- Ously> SO#2s42 302 s3ec 28 ae ce Se ADS OBES Ef RAL ROES eee 2b Oe ee Se 92. 88. Abdomen with three black spots on fifth tergite and five on sixth; ocellar bristles as long as anterior orbitals; hypopygium as Figure 81. immaculipennis, new species. Abdomen without a central black spot on fifth and sixth tergites, but with two or ‘four ‘such"spots’ on’ at least*the aifth= 22) S22 eee eee 89. 89. Ocellar bristles as long as anterior obritals; penultimate section of fourth vein fully’ two-thirds: as longsascultimatescs= hese ha = eee ee 90. Ocellar bristles much shorter than anterior orbitals; penultimate section of fourth vein but little over half as long as ultimate_-___-__-_______--_- 91. 90. Abdomen with a pair of black spots on fifth tergite and another on sixth, and in addition a spot on lateral margin of each of these tergites. signata (van der Wulp). Abdomen with a pair of black spots on fifth tergite, none on sixth or on lateral margins of either fifth or sixth_________ neosignata, new species. 91. Third antennal segment entirely yellow_________ bioculata (de Meijere). Third antennal segment infuscated on apical half__ kerteszi (de Meijere). 92. Abdomen with a median black spot on fifth and sixth tergites, and two pairs of similar spots on each side of it, the outer one on lateral margin, the submedian one on sixth tergite very small, subobsolete; uppermost hair in the series on lower part of sides of face much stronger and longer than ‘the others. Sa) _ eee) ea at mediosignata (Frey). Abdomen without median black spot on fifth and sixth tergites, the spots submedian "and. paired» So 03S Se ee eee 93. 93. Abdomen with but one pair of shining black spots; mid femur in male with a series of long hairs on posteroventral surface which are fine at base and become bristlelike beyond; apices of longitudinal veins very slightly browned, that of second most obviously so. biguttata (Macquart). Abdomen with two pairs of black spots; mid femur of male without long posteroventral hairs or bristles; apices of veins not clouded________ 94. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH ol 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104, 105. Inner cross vein and round extreme margin of wing tip slightly clouded. halterata (Kertesz). Inner cross vein and margin of wing tip not clouded. novaeguineae (Kertesz). Thoracic dorsum with eight or ten series of short intradorsocentral IE ae RTG Speak ee ares Be sg es ea a ee oe ee 96. Thoracic dorsum with six or less series of short intradorsocentral hairs 101. Tergites of apical half of abdomen with a black dorsocentral spot or vitta, and all except the rudimentary basal and apical tergites with a complete Narrowabplackvapicalitasciai eee eee biroi (Kertesz). Tergites without distinguishable black markings, sometimes apex of abdo- WOVEN BBs ee ede dE Nn Pca ae ae ee ed SAE One or two of the setulae just in front of the supra-alar bristle usually as long as those on tegula; anterior one of the three apical ventral bristles on mid tibia but little shorter than middle one; apical bristles on fifth tergite in female shorter and weaker than those on fourth; no outstand- ing setula at upper extremity of the series of hairs on lower part of SST CLG SOE tea Ce eee hee aa a eee Seg ee ea es od ta he eS 98 No outstanding setulae in front of supra-alar bristle, the longest hairs much shorter than longest setula on tegula; anterior one of the ventral bristle on mid tibia not half as long as middle one; apical bristles on fifth tergite not noticeable shorter nor weaker than those on fourth. 100. Outer cross vein slightly but distinctly clouded; abdomen not infuscated on apical half; hypopygium as Figure 838__________ grossa (de Meijere). Outer cross vein not at all clouded; abdomen infuscated on apical half_ 99. Hypopyeiumeas: WiguresS4= 3055 ose see fuscobrunnea, new species. FEL OP YOUN AS et UTC ye Cay ae ae Se nigroapicata Malloch. An outstanding setula at upper extremity of the series of fine hairs on lower part of sides of face; anterior orbital bristle about three- fourths as long as posterior one___-__-_-__- simplisissima (de Meijere) No outstanding setula on lower part of sides of face, the fine hairs of almost uniform length; anterior orbital bristle as long as posterior one; MY POPVLiUM AS POS UTC See a sauteri Malloch. No outstanding bristle on lower part of sides of face; hypopygium as SEAS SUT TO arg wicincs a ek ei el a eae fuscobrunnea Malloch. Apical third or more of third antennal segment deep black___________ 102. ANTENNACTENEIREL YW ¥. ClO yyy esl ce ea eas eae 103. Anterior orbital bristle less than half as long as posterior one; hypopygium SEP UTC See ea ee a a a affinis, new species. Anterior orbital bristle more than half as long as posterior one; hypopy- SAIN SM SUS BS ees ee ae a ee eee ie sublucida, new species. Outer cross vein distinctly, but inconspicuously, clouded with brown; anterior orbital fully half as.long as posterior ; hypopygium as Figure 89. laticosta (Thomson). Outer cross;veinyof wing not cloud egestas 104, Anterior orbital bristle less than half as long as posterior one; sides of face slightly white dusted; hypopygum as Figure 90. lucida (de Meijere). Anterior orbital bristle over half as long as posterior one____________ 105. Sides of face when seen from above very conspicuously white dusted, Silvery; hypopygium as Figure 91______________ unguiculata (Kertesz). Sides of face not, or very little, white dusted_______.__-___-_ 106. 52 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111, 112. 113. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 Mid tibia with one long apical ventral bristle, the other two bristles re- dueed to very short setulae; hypopygium as Figure 92. pallidula Malloch. Mid tibia with two long apical ventral bristles, the posterior one but little shorter than the middle one, the anterior one reduced to a short setula ; hy poyerum aAsvbigure Oss see fs 2 Sh eee ere diversa (Kertesz). Thorax with strong acrostichals from before suture to hind margin of mesonotum, three or four pairs in all; wing marked as Figure 48; hypopyciunr as Migure 94200.) ee ee es geomyzina (Irrey). Thorax with only the prescutellar acrostichals well developed, if with more then the wings black, with many small white or hyaline spots_____-_ 108. Wings blackened or browned on costa to, or almost to, apex of fourth vein, the dark color becoming gradually less intense posteriorly, not extending to hind margin of wing, the outer cross vein usually without a conspicu- ous)separated)’ dark’ clouding! 2}422 42 aS SS ee ee 109. Wings with clearly defined, isolated, or connected, dark markings, and in- terspersed clear areas, in front of fourth vein, the outer cross vein always-with+a-eonspicuous dark-mark=s= >. 2 Eee 113. Asta almost: bares 2A ee eer ees grahami, new species. Arista plumose or at least with distinct hairs____.___________________ 110. Small species, about 3 mm. in length; thorax with six series of intradorso- central hairs; wings faintly clouded, the outer cross vein with a faint isolated cloud; hypopygium as Figure 89_________ laticosta (Thomson). Larger species; thorax with 8-10 series of intradorsocentral hairs; wings CONSPICUOUSLy MCL OMA S eeae s RSP AR ORE eee See Litt Longest hairs on arista about one-fourth as long as width of third an- tennal segment; species less than 5 mm. in length; a pale streak in diseal cell and another pale mark in first posterior cell near middle. discoidalis (Kertesz). Longest hairs on arista about one-half as long as width of third antennal Heomente2. e. sO eae fumipennis Malloch. Longest hairs on arista as long as width of third antennal segment; species at least 5 mm. in length; no pale streak in discal cell__--___________ ae A pale line along hind margin of costal vein; abdomen pitchy black; femora darker than tibiae and tarsi; hypopygium as Figure 95. ‘ dichroa (de Meijere). No pale line along hind margin of costal vein; abdomen testaceous yel- low, with narrow dark hind margins to tergites; legs yellow. nigripennis (de Meijere). Wings blackish or fuscous, with many small hyaline round spots on disk, . and subtriangular, or oblong, hyaline spots round margins; second vein farther from costa than usual, the marginal cell opposite outer cross vein wider than submarginal at sam@ point; one or more pairs of the acrostichals besides the prescutellar pair rather conspicuous________ 114. Wings hyaline, with dark markings, the pale marks on disk not consisting of numerous small round hyaline spots, and most of the margins hyaline ; second vein in normal position, the marginal cell never wider than sub- marginal opposite outer cross vein; no conspicuous acrostichals except prescutellarm pair cae ee 8 2a 28 Ue ee ett eee 115. AKT. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—-MALLOCH 53 414. #15. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. Outer cross vein very oblique, forming an almost continuous line with apical section of fifth vein, and with a small hyaline spot close against each side of it near its inner extremity; penultimate section of fourth vein a little over as long as ultimate: abdominal tergites each with several large gray dusted spots on anterior margin, and a series of small similarly colored spots along hind margin; all femora with a nar- row fuscous annulus beyond middle which is incomplete above. trypetoptera (Hendel) (=histrio de Meijere). Outer cross vein less oblique, and without a pale spot close against each side near inner extremity; penultimate section of fourth vein about four-fifths as long as ultimate; all tergites with the large anterior gray- dusted spots, which are rather irregular, but without the small pale hind marginal spots; all femora darkened basally, fore pair least DLOAGyASOe asso Bethea oe Fe ae ee eee ee picta (de Meijere). Face testaceous, with two conspicuous round dark spots; thorax testaceous yellow, dorsum with five fuscous vittae, the middle one broad, and ex- tending over scutellum except narrowly on margin; entire costa dark brown, the dark color extending to middle of submarginal cell and con- nechnzeiwith the spots on third! vets se Se ee ee 116. Face either testaceous or fuscous, but without a pair of conspicuous ’ round dark spots; dorsum of thorax without five conspicuous fuscous PARE Rese Od I EN is a SLE vA Es a le a Mee eal 118. Wing with a hyaline spot at apex of third vein on its upper side in addi- tion to the larger one on under side at apex of second vein. quinquevittata var. formosana Malloch. Wing without a hyaline spot at apex of third vein on its upper side, only the large one on under side of apex of second vein present____--_-_- nae Pleura with a complete dark vitta across middle; the clear spot at apex of first posterior cell conspicuous between apices of third and fourth veins; hypopygium with the process at apex of each lateral arm of basal ‘tergite short and conspicuously hooklike____quinquevittata (de Meijere). Pleura with three dark spots along middle; the clear mark at apex of first posterior cell reduced to a mere line on margin; hypopygium with the process of each lateral arm of basal tergite straight, rather long, and very slightly \eclavatenatyape xs. = 2. i es eee pleuripuncta Malloch. Wing with a dark mark on third vein beyond level of inner cross vein, in-addition.to;the-one atrapex Of theyyeinei oie ear 119, Wing without a dark mark on third vein beyond inner cross vein in addi- tion) to; the, oneatapex of, the vein soe es ee ee eee 182. Three dark marks on third vein beyond inner cross vein in addition to the one at apex, ofthe vein anistagplumioses els ee eee 120. ‘’wo dark marks on third vein beyond inner cross vein in addition to the one atsapex; Of thetveins 2254/14 2S. Se ee es et 121. One dark mark on third vein beyond inner cross vein in addition to the CN AE oe ROY AT ae IN eT MN CE ee eat el eel 127. The spot on second wing vein elongate, covering at least half the length of vein beyond apex of first vein, but not extending to tip of vein; some, or all, of the dark spots on third vein connecting with the dark marks on second and fourth veins; apex of cell between auxiliary and first veins fuscous; thorax testaceous, dorsum gray dusted, and with four narrow dark brown vittae, the area between the submedian pair gray- ish; third antennal segment darkened apically; disk of scutellum dark brown or fuscous; frons longer than wide___--_____ caloptera (IXertesz). 54 121; 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 The spot on second vein very small and at extreme apex; usually only the apical spot on second vein connected with one on third; thorax shining fulvous-testaceous; third antennal segment not darkened apically; scutel- lum not darkened on disk; frons wider than long_____ latifrons Malloch. Costal margin hyaline from apex of first vein to the small dark spot at apex OF Second veins 22ers ae Oe SE Se 122: Costal margin entirely, or almost entirely, dark brown from apex of first veinite Apex OL SeCONd 23h) A222 h Osea tS ee eee ee ee 126. . No dark cloud over junction of second and third veins; species yellowish testaceous in color, the only dark markings consisting of small dorso- eéntral spots: ‘ont abdomen 24 23 ee May ee Se ee eee 128. A dark cloud over the junction of second and third veins; species largely black or fuscous; longest hairs on arista longer than width of third antennal segment; male with some long fine bristles on anteroventral surface o£. Hind ‘fern tir Bape he BARS Mee) EE OR ene eee 124. Frons wider than long, entirely yellow; longest hairs on arista fully as long as width of third antennal segment; cell between auxiliary and first veins entirely hyaline; abdomen without dark dorsocentral spots; thoracie dorsum without vittae. l=) 222 323s ee latifrons Malloch. Frons longer than wide, with two pale brownish vittae; longest hairs on arista about half as long as width of third antennal segment; apex of cell between auxiliary and first veins infuscated; abdomen with a black dorsocentral spot on each tergite of apical half; thorax with four or six faint: TULOusSvattae =e See eee i a. TRE subvittata Malloch. Frons unicolorous rufous, or very faintly clouded on orbits, and slightly shining, the orbital stripes hardly differentiated; thorax and abdomen DIAG Or ALOT Se Sy A 2 eae Tae talamaui (de Meijere). Frons bicolored, not entirely shining, and with the orbital stripes conspicu- ously differentiated, and paler than parts on each side of them_____-_ 125. Thorax almost entirely black; no dark cloud on second vein above inner Cross Hv Eine LOSES o..2. PRL ROOR FeO ee ungaranensis (de Meijere). Thorax testaceous yellow, brownish on dorsum; a faint dark cloud on second vein above inner cross vein___-_________ angustata (de Meijere). A slight but distinct break in the brown costal stripe directly above the first brown spot on third vein beyond inner cross vein. strigata (de Meijere). No interruption of the dark costal stripe from first vein to apex of second. medionotata (de Meijere). Inner cross vein not clouded, the extra dark spot on third vein proximad of outer cross vein, or almost immediately over it-_________________ 128. Inner cross vein distinctly clouded, the extra dark spot on third vein peyond ‘outer Gross “vein! ft sih: 8 lees Ae eh 0 ZORA OS. WD ae 130. The extra dark spot on third vein almost directly above outer cross vein, and above it a spot on second vein which does not extend to apex of that oyginwte 22) os be ee ees Bh ew Se flavomarginata (Kertesz). The extra dark spot on third vein well in front of outer cross vein, about one-third from apex of discal cell, the dark spot on second vein much beyond that on third, and extending to apex of veimn-_____________ 129. ®The Philippine species seriepunctata Frey is very similar to this one. For a discus- sion of distinguishing characters see under seriepunctata in text. ART. 6 NOTES ON ORIENTAL SAPROMYZID FLIES—MALLOCH 55 129. The downwardly projecting process on tergite which forms the basal por- 130. 181. 182. 133. 134. 135. tion of hypopygium with a fine thornlike tip (fig. 96). chinensis Malloch. The downwardly directed process of this tergite rounded at tip. grandis (Kertesz). No dark mark over apices of auxiliary and first veins, and none basad of the one on inner cross vein; the dark streak on apical portion of second vein extending to; tip of vein--_-—-1-____---_=-- varinervis (Kertesz). A dark mark over apices of auxiliary and first veins, which connects with the one on inner cross vein; the dark streak on apical portion of second Vein not extendineatopstiprotavyeln42 ste te. He Cry ee 131. The dark spot on fourth vein not extending basad on vein farther than the one on apex of third vein; apex of third antennal segment broadly infuseated; no dark lines on face; fourth vein not clouded basad of EMT CIA CLO SS Vy Clee tee teen eee eee eee I eres a bistriata (Kertesz). The dark spot on fourth vein extending much farther basad on vein than the one on apex of second; third antennal segment yellow; a dark transverse line near lower margin of face, and one on each side on suture between parafacial and and central part of face; fourth vein with the base of antepenultimate Section conspicuously clouded. striatifrons (de Meijere). The dark wing markings consisting of clouds over one or both cross veins, elongate clouds on apices of veins 2, 3, and 4, these latter fused into a Single cloud, and this sometimes carried basad along costa even to base (OE RaW ETD ears ere SW eee hen NR Ne i ee Gone re SOR a Soe 8 eseh The dark wing markings consisting of isolated clouds on one or both cross veins, and on apices of veins 2 to 4, and rarely on costa between apices OLgauxiliany and? firstvernse= eto) so. Siete ee Ne Obie 135. The cloud on apex of second vein not extending basad of level of outer cross vein; both cross veins distinctly clouded; abdomen with a pair of black transverse marks on apices of two or three of the apical tergites, and the sides of the hypopygium black______________ beceari (Kertesz). The cloud on second vein extending well basad of level of outer cross SUSI sw ae ie 2 eee eae ol gs zea Ra bap anes ye ere fest Sa Bays 134. The cloud on second vein extending basad almost to level of inner cross vein, but falling distinctly short of apex of first vein; inner cross vein not clouded, the outer one faintly suffused__________ lorentzi (Kertesz). The cloud on second veing extending basad of apex of auxiliary vein, much narrowed in costal cell; both cross veins distinctly clouded. vankampeni (de Meijere). Third antennal segment deep black on apical third; palpi yellow; an- terior orbitals barely half as long as posterior pair, and a little wider apart; longest hairs on arista fully as long as width of third antennal segment; intradorsocentral hairs in at least eight series; preapical dorsal bristle on hind tibia not, or very slightly, longer than the apical curved anteroventral spur, and close to apex; thorax entirely yellow, SSSR TD DY ae es ars See Le SR quinquenotata (de Meijere). Third antennal segment entirely yellow, or very slightly darkened apically ; anterior orbitals but little shorter than posterior pair, and slightly closer together at bases; intradorsocentral hairs in six series; preapical dorsal bristle on hind tibia much longer than the apical spur; thorax grayish (CLUES Cel iT ig: © 95 CU a a els ee 136. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 186. ‘Tips: .of! palpi: ‘blackened 2222). 20 Jeo) Gee eee ae 137. Tips..of ,.papli. not oes eee 43 mocttcheri, Homoneura._...-----..-.--..202- 58 Havipes; (Lurricen sos 2 ae = ees ee 40 frevicornis, Homoneura.__.--2222222244-12-- 56 flaviventris, Pachycerina---2---2--42-_---__- 20 brunneicosta, Trigonometopus__________-__-- 34 flavomarginata, Homoneura-_-__.-.--..-_-.--- 54 ipuceata, Prosopophorella-.. 222-2222 _-22 22222 19 figvopleuna, Sapromiy Zan --— eee eee 29 mriniensis, Steganopsis._. 2262245 628. 2 ve 13 Aavoscutellatus. Durnigens =e eee 40 butuanensis, Homoneura________-_________-_- 85 folifera selOMOneUT ae eee 72 BRAC ypeUS= 82 I AER mle ser, 22 formosanus, Spaniocelyphus______-..._.----_- 10 metominettige.2\ 2s 2025-22822 2. eee Ae 27 fumibasis Homoneuta:---- se eeeee a tees 57 EAloptera, Homoneura_.---2220-2-.) 53 fumiupenniss -lomoneita---==seee eet ee 66 PMODUS. Hy peromyis. - 3-2 ee 15 fusciceps; Hlomonentas 43 Melvpholauxania- 5.2.22. 30-2 ee 35 fuscifrons, Trigonometopus--..__..._.---_--- 34 Bey TS eee =e SEE eh ate ee 7 fuscobrunnea, Homoneura__-_-_--_----------- 79 K@haetohomoneura).--222------2-2o28ee= 56a) fuscoftasciatasViamettias sss = see 26 95 96 INDEX Page Page gedehi. Komonoanraccss2— jfo-- seco eae 57 maquilingensis, Minettia_............-._._.__ 31 pooniyzink Homoueura=. = 2-2 cece seen see 80 Wag nilinpies Ste ee ee 35 grahami, Homoneura:--- 22... 2.225 esc u 81 medionotata, Homoneura.....-..-.-.-_--..-- 54 prandis, Homonsuris:) 22535 = 2 eee eee te 55 mediosignata, Homoneura__.-____.-.-_-_-___ 79 Griphominettig- ==) 26S ee 87 melanogaster, Steganopsis__-._........._____ 13 (Griphoneurdidés)--2--2 =23-- 32--- 58 Melanopachycerina. =~ --22--- =.= 82ss ee 21 grossa, Homoneuraie.-2 22 sao hae 51 AVIMEHHA- SSonsoc sa. a Sos oh ee 25 halterata, Homoneura---ose-so2-<.soncse ne 51 Gyiinetijella) a2. = <<. * (oe ee 27 hawaiiensis, Homoneura__.------------------ 67 (@iinettinides) 22 se 2. eee ee 65 Mendelimyzaetis) 22 2eseeacck tose Sens 33 minor, Steganopsiss=: 4 <5. as5e-e. 522 E oS 14 Himantopyea-- 5-5-2 a nce ene 86 monticola, Homoneura-----.----------------- 68 lirtvicaps, Maquilingia.......-..-------c---- 36 morio; Try pancoides.:- - == =. 24 hirtitibia, Homoneura----......--.----------- 70 multilineata, Steganopsis_._.........._._.___ 15 hisirio, Homoneura==222-222-2 2220222232 53 Mycterélla 2. 2s253225ssassare irate teen 86 Homoneuras-— 25522 5252525-2 Ue 41 (@Nsohomoneura)_......-. Ses ee 59 Honesta; Homoneura-=~2-<2-225 2 62 neosignata, Homoneura....-.-----.-_.-.-___- 77 hoozanensis, Minettia.-.-............-.----- 26 (Neotrigonometopus)__--.....-----.-.---_-_- 34 Rorni, Homonoura::s2-22-22-- ts 70 nigrifacies, Spaniocelyphus-------..-....___- 12 hyacinthus, Celyphus--...=..--.2_-.1-----2. 7 niprifine; Homonsurasss--4bees ee ee ee te 64 hyalipennis, Sapromyza-.-.-.-.-.------------ 29 nigripennis, Homoneura.---.-------....-..- 52 hyalipuncta, Trypaneoides-_-_...--...--.---- 24 Hiprita Homoneura-. 22s secc ones 73 a ELV PSP OR2a252 sss oo esos eee = 39 nigroapicata, Homoneura._---_---_-.....___- 51 { Iehthyomyia==22 22-22-25 2s ee 40 nigrocoeruleus, Spaniocelyphus-_--__._.._____ ll Tdlocely phuSs222<<2223 SS ee 5 nigrofulva, Homoneura.--..-...----...-.-.-_- 57 immaculata, Homoneura---...-.-------..--- 82 nigrohalterata, Minettia_............_..___ 26 immaculipennis, Homoneura.---_--------_-- 78 nigronota*a, Homonoura....-.-22 2220 -20L_L =k 63 incompleta, Homoneura---......-.---------- 63 nothosticta, Homoneura..---.----.--..22_--- 75 indica, Homoneure.s22-22-22 22022 Ae 62 notostigma, Homoneura-----...---...--.---- 49 intermedia, Homoneura--.--..----.---------- 69 novaeguinea, Homoneura.--_-----.-.---.---.- 51 inversa,-Sapromy2#a-<2.2o32 eee 3. |) nadifrons, Momoneuraz-...-.. eet ae 67 frrorata,;, Homoneura:.<.--22<82 22s 65 mudiseta, Flomoneura-= 25-3. ae 67 Jacobsoni;, Homoneursa<- 2s. 222223 < = See 62 obscura, Mincettla. ee ee 26 javana, Pachycering.~2222252-4522 Sele 20 obscuriceps, Homoneura_-__--.-.----.------.- 57 jaranensis, Homoneura-..-..----.----------- 7 obscuricornis, Homoneura-----.--..-...---_- 42 Karnyi, Homoneuira.-=s=25--28 as 63 obtectus,:Celyphus_-..-3------- SU 9 Kerteszi, Homonoura-< 22222) eee 50 occipitalis, Homoneura---.----.-.-.-------.- 49 Kertessomyia.—~ 3s 225-2 seca ea 39 ocellaris, Pachycerina....--.-.---.2-2--222.1- 21 Kocki, Homoneura---<.~-~-.4.- Se 57 octoguttata, Homoneura...-.-.--_-__--._.._. 43 koshunensis, Sapromyza....----------------- 29 | *octomaculata, Trypaneoides.__......-.___-_- 24 laevis, Spaniocelyphus_-..-...........------- ll omoei, Sapromyza...<-.--- 2 eee 32 laticosta, Homoneura-s2-4.. 25-22 oe 80 opacithorax, Homoneura-.-------.--.------- 72 Intifrons, Hlomeneursssssceess 2 ot see ee 54 opposita, Homoneura: =.= 22s seee eee 72 lktifrons, Pachy coring. ..k ec a 21 orientalis, Homoneura._-----.-----------.--- 62 latipennis, Steganolauxania_.....--...--.-.-- 12 orientalis; Hlomonoura. =. use aes 50 Banxaniollas == 3: soos ee tas a 21 ornatifrons, Homoneura--------.------------ 49 leucochaeta, Melanopachycerina_____-.---_-- 21 ornatipennis, Homoneura...---+------------- 65 leucoprosopon, Homoneura.----------------- 49 Pachycerina. 5 s-o=- eeeeee ee 19 Hrabifera, -Homoneura-._.c 222 63 padangensis, Homoneura-_-----------.------- 68 lineolata, Chaetolauxania----.-------------- 38) |) pallidola, Homoneura-——--—--.__=sesees 52 Iorentzt, Homoneura:ss--. Sse 55 Panurgopsis.o oo eee no oe 35 licida, Homoneura..s2.... eee Ete 51 papuana, Homoneura-..=.. Jesse 43 lugubris,:Homoneura...=-.~ 25 2c222¢122223222 61 Paracelyphus. 18. = 2s SR Temata, Homoneursssa ce ct ee ae 65 Paranoming: oo. .42. esa 35 lunifera, Phobeticomyia.-_.........-.------- 23 paroeca, Homoneura-s..—---fa ee tke es 63 Junipennis, Homoneura_--------------------- 65 parvinotata, Homoneura------.-_----------- 65 Hiteitarsis, .Minottia-...2.. shoe eee 27 parvipunctata, Pachycerina---..----.------- 20 ; lezonensis, Hom@Gneura. 25 se. 22 73 perpunctata, Trypaneoides-_-_-.-.-..--------- 25 @suzononly7a) i ... 2 eee 19 maculifrons, Kerteszomyia-—--.-....-.------ 39 piceoides, Homoneura---.-...---------------- 72 maculosa, Euprosopomyia_......-.---------- 18 pieta, Homoneura--—-- -25---.--...Saeeeeee 82 major, Trypaneoides:...2s2-2208 ei ee 25 Dllisota, lomoneura.-— =" season 66 MialochO My S0< ds Se ee 84 pleuralis,, Sanpromiyza--—-) -..---S=ssesusea 30 maquilingensis, Homoneura-.--.-------------- 71 Ploarigone sis 5 5 en eee eee eee 16 pleuripuncta, Homoneura---------..---.---- poecilogaster, Sapromyza_----------.-------- CROSCHODIYZA) meester Se 2 eS Woichihsese eee See ee eee Politus, Acslyphuse= Ses sw sa Saas ase = sea pollinifrons) Sapromyza--------<----- === -- preapicalis, Homoneura---.--...-.----------- preapicalis, Phobeticomyia-----.-.---------- IprosopOphorellasessessaenaaseseaaeaosaoasne= IProSOPOMVIAs seas ae eee ee cecene nea aaea sane pubiseta, Homoneura:----------=-----=2----- MUDISELG ELOMONCUTA === -aes nese aoe ee pulchripennis, Trypaneoides---------------- pwunchiceps,Celyphuss.- 22-2. -5=255=---22525 punctipennis, Homoneura-------.----------- punctipennis, Trigonometopsis-------------- pupicola; Steganopsis:------s2--25-2-----2-+= MuUSsilla stOGanOpsiss a= senoces esa see Seno ae pusillima, Sapromy7z4--52----esscsac esse s=~ quadrangulata, Sapromyza------.-.--------- quadripunctata, Chaetolauxania_....--.-.--- Quadrispinosa,,Minettia2 so. 222. = 2252-2 qQuinquenotata, Homoneura----------------- quinquevittata, Homoneura----.------------ quinquevittata, var. formosana (Homoneura) Tepletus-eAcely PhuSessee sae o-oo eee e eee reticulatus, AmphicyphuS-.----.....-------- is radolyrasasst se = se oon e Sa ee S TODUSUAs ELOMONGULS=scs sea esse saeceece ese Tufiventhis wViinettiass+ouee--ss-eceee cece Sapromyzae own eee ees Sanh ae Sauteri-Homoneura.-2--<-2s2-2 aoe eae a= Sauteromiyia:: eee oe 25. eS scaptomyzina, Himantopyga---.-.--.-.---.--- Sclasmnomiyilaes—s22 = ease e encase cae scutatus, Spaniocelyphus.-----..----.------- semibrunnea, Homoneura------------------- seriepunctata, Homoneura...--.------------- setiventris;, Homioneura. -2-2-2 22-22-2252 = =e Sexlineataybachycerina-+. 22 -s2-55-ceean = Sivtllatawbachycorinaess.2. eens oe Signata, elomonelras.--s2-222saesee-- 2-8 eae Sionatifrons; Homoneura--.--_2- = 5---225=—- simplisissima, Homoneura.-.----------------- Spanigceliyphus 22 sket ote oS eee ee Spiculata, HOmOneuraln ss. se22- sane os ses Stezanolauxania= csosso canoe n se ocnecccesece Steganopsisss2n 25 vse Soe toe eee es sternopleuralis, Chaetolauxania...-.-.------- 2609—29—_7 31 BEER stigmaticus; Acelyphus:--22-- 22s 2 582 ee SUrIauirons; .OmoOneulas es. ee aen eae eee o ns submaculipennis, Trigonometopus_-...-.-_-- submetallica, Xangelina__...-.......-..-.... subvittata, dtomoneura--------=-2---2-=----- sulphuriceps, Chaetolauxania_.-_.----------- sumatrana, Griphominettia.__...-..-.-.-.-_- sumatrana, Trypaneoides.._.--..--------.--- sumatrensis, Spaniocelyphus---...-.---.----- testacea,, Homoneura= ~2--.- =. -2-22=-- 2522-2 testaceipes, Homoneura--..-=--..----.-.-+-=- testaceus, "Raracelyphus® === -— 995.425 ace TOXOpeUus, HoOmoneUra ao ce-w eee scene ee aes tricineta, Trypaneoides! «22-252. 82522 a 28 trifasciata,)Homoneura,-- ~.--.---..-.=-._-.. MTrigonometopsis) So eee en ecn a toseee Trigonometopus=2222 see = Se See ee tripunctifrons, Chaetolauxania--_.-..--_---.- trisping,; HOmOnCUra. sea see ene nee eee eae Mrypaneoides =e eo oe eee trypetiformis, Trypaneoides__.----------.-.- (Erypebisomay =~ = ce tese keene ceaconannceese trypetoptera, Homoneura------------------- tubiferaiViineltiae =o ao- onan naa eee oe se Murriger:s22o2. 2 ace asesa sees sane ceseseseese umibrosa; HlOmOoneuraL.<2s8- esos sess cen eee undecimlineata, Steganopsis -.....-.--.------- ungaranensis, Homoneura-.-.-.-------------- unguiculata, Homoneura--...---------------- vankampeni, Homoneura.----.-.---.-------- Varinervis, HoOmOoneUIS—=ae----2se0seescenses varipes, Melanopachycerina------..------.-- WISbrixX A OMONCHT As acess aes ne see ace nese wallaceiHomonsura cco sese sons oneesasesean= XManpelinag= sass Me eee ee ee Ss (Xenohomoneura) sso 25s ee eee (Xenosapromiyzs) os. Moses ee yerburyi. Homoneurass. - seeeds 2 oes rere Basileuterus griseiceps. A.” Pileum not gray or rufous, or if gray then with a conspicuous coronal spot or stripe of a different color. b.. Broad superciliaries and sides of the head in general slaty gray. ce - Abdomen white fie * See ee eee ets Basileuterus castaneiceps. c.2 Abdomen yellow. 4 d.’ Throat grayish. e.” Coronal spot brownish orange____-- Basileuterus coronatus. e. Coronal spot bright yellow. f.. Breast grayish like the throat. Basileuterus cinereicollis. f.2 Breast yellow like the abdomen. Basileuterus conspicillatus. d.? Throat yellow like the rest of the under parts. Basileuterus fraseri. ae nis TI ae a re i cn al A ART. 7 REVISION OF THE GENUS BASILEUTERUS—TODD oF b. Superciliaries and sides of the head in general not slaty gray. c.1 Pileum plain olive greenish, unstriped, uniform with the rest of the upper parts. d.2 Superciliaries and under parts bright yellow. et Upper parts brighter (bright warbler green). Basileuterus flaveolus. e.” Upper parts duller (more olive green). fee Smaller ; wing of male averaging less than 65 mm, Basileuterus signatus. f.2 Larger; wing of male averaging more than 65 mm. Basileuterus luteoviridis, d.? Superciliaries buffy; under parts wax yellow, with darker Shadinge: 22s sees ee Se 8 Basileuterus richardsoni. ec.’ Pileum with conspicuous black lateral stripes and a median coronal stripe of some other color. d.* Sides of the throat greenish, yellowish, or grayish. e.’ Wings, tail, and upper parts in general decidedly olive greenish (but compare “e’’’). f.. Supraloral stripe and subauricular spot yellow, in con- trast with the dull green sides of the head. g.' Above more greenish; bill black. h.? Larger; wing of male averaging 68 mm.; tail GOI sina ese ee Basileuterus bivittatus. h.? Smaller; wing of male averaging 63.5 mm.; tail 54 mm. or less. Basileuterus chrysogaster. g.2 Above more brownish; bill horn brown. - Basileuterus roraimae. f.. Supraloral stripe and subauricular spot (if present) not yellow. g.’ Coronal stripe dull yellowish or buffy. h.t Throat yellow or buffy, like the rest of the under parts. : it Auriculars only partly black. j. Superciliaries more olive greenish, like the back; under parts more olive yellow_____ Basileuterus tacareunae. j” Superciliaries more buffy, like the under parts. Basileuterus meridanus, i” Auriculars wholly black. Basileuterus tristriatus. h.” Throat buffy, different from the yellow of the rest of the under parts. Basileuterus trifasciatus. g.” Coronal spot conspicuous, Mars yellow to orange rufous. h.’ Under parts white____Basileuterus hypoleucus, h.” Under parts bright yellow. Basileuterus auricapillus. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 e. Wings, tail, and upper parts in general more grayish (yellowish olive only in Basileuterus culicivorus god- man). f.. Superciliaries, sides of the head, etc., more grayish. Basileuterus cabanisi. f.° Superciliaries, sides of the head, etc., more yellowish. Basileuterus culicivorus. d.* Sides of the throat black, continuous with the auriculars. _ Basileuterus basilicus. A. Pileum rufous or chestnut, with conspicuous superciliaries, but no median coronal stripe. b. Pileum chestnut, with a narrow lateral line black. c.2 Sides of head black to greenish dusky. d2 Superciliaries straw yellow__--_________ Basileuterus ignotus. d.*? Superciliaries white. e2 Above darker (olivaceous black)____ Basileuterus bensoni. e.2 Above lighter (brownish olive)__ Basileuterus melanogenys. ec. Sides of the head chestnut, like the pileum______ Basileuterus belli. b.? Pileum plain rufous, without a narrow black lateral line. Basileuterus delattrii. BASILEUTERUS MESOLEUCUS Sclater Basileuterus mesoleucus ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 286, pl. 9, fig. 1 (Demerara, British Guiana; orig. descr. ; type in coll. Brit. Mus.) .— SHarPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 10, 1885, p. 402 (Demerara and Kama- kusa, British Guiana; deser.; refs.).—Satvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 203 (Kama- kusa, British Guiana); 1886, p. 506 (range).—von BerrLerscH and Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 9, 1902, p. 11 (Suapure, Venezuela ).—M£&N&GAUxX, Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat., 1907, p. 496 (French Guiana; crit.).—von BERLEPSCH, Noy. Zool., vol. 15, 1908, p. 108 (Approuage and Ipousin, French Guiana; Rio Carimabg, British Guiana; Para, Brazil). —Pernarp, Vogels van Guyana, vol. 2, 1910, p. 489 (Brit. Guiana; descr., etc.).— SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, vol. 8, 1914, p. 483 (Parad, Peixe-Boi, and Santo Antonio do Prata, Brazil; descr.).—CHuss, Birds Brit. Guiana, vol. 2, 1921, p. 418 (British Guiana localities and refs. ; deser.). Basileuterus rivularis mesoleucus HetLMAyr, Abhand. K. Bayerischen Akad. Wiss., Math.-phys. Kl., vol. 26, 1912, p. 86 (Santo Antonio do Prata, Brazil). Description.—Pileum iron gray, passing into dull dark citrine on the upper parts, the rump and upper tail-coverts a little brighter; wings and tail externally like the back; short superciliaries and sub- ocular region ochraceous tawny, and auricular region tinged with the same color; transocular stripe iron gray; underparts white, more or less washed with buffy, especially on the breast, sides, and crissum; under wing-coverts old gold; “ iris gray, feet light yellow-orange, bill white and black” (Klages). Some few specimens show traces of deep rusty margins to the wing-coverts—probably an indication if immaturity. Young birds in juvenal dress (Tumatumari, British Guiana, July 25 and August 5) resemble the adults, but are much duller and browner above, with ART. 7 REVISION OF THE GENUS BASILEUTERUS—TODD 2a the pileum like the back, the buffy sides of the head merely indicated ; the throat and breast are also dull brownish. Measurements——Male: Wing, 59-64 (average, 62.5); tail, 52-56 (55) ; bill, 12-13 (12.5) ; tarsus, 21.5-23 (22.5). Female: Wing, 58-62 (60) ; tail, 49-55 (52.5) ; bill, 11-12 (11.5) ; tarsus, 20-22 (21). Range.—From eastern Venezuela (Rio Caura) through the Gui- anas to northern Brazil (Rio Branco, Rio Tapajoz, and the Para region). Remarks.—This species appears to be very imperfectly known, few specimens, indeed, being extant outside of the series of 26 skins ‘in the Carnegie Museum. It was described by Sclater from a single specimen collected in British Guiana, and has since been traced west- ward to the Orinoco Delta and the Caura River in Venezuela, and southward through French Guiana to the Para district of Brazil, on the south bank of the Amazon. More recently Messrs. Anderson and Becker have sent specimens to the Field Museum from the Rio Branco, while Mr. Klages secured a good series in French Guiana, and a few also from the Rio Tapajoz. He writes that it is “ found in pairs, generally about the borders of the forest in the heavily timbered and hilly interior, but is not very numerous.” On the label of the specimen from the Manimo River, Orinoco Delta, ¥ is called a “water thrush.” On the score of coloration alone, the species appears to be related on the one hand to the members of the genus Phaeothlypis, and on the other to the more typical Basileuteri through B. bolivianus and B. rivularis. Several individuals, indeed, show traces of a buffy median vertical stripe developed on the fore- head. The gray of the pileum varies somewhat according to season, and may average a little duller in females. Specimens examined.—Venezuela: Isla de Morocotico, Manimo River, 1. British Guiana: Mannehaha Creek, 18 miles up Potaro Road, 3; Rockstone, Essequibo River, 1; Tumatumari, Potaro River, 2. French Guiana: Tamanoir, 11; Pied Saut, 11. Brazil: Serra Granda, Rio Branco, 1; Serra da Lua, Boa Vista, 1; Conceicao, Rio Branco, 1; Benevides, 1; Colonia do Mojuy, 2; Villa Braga, 1. Un- specified, 2. Total, 37. BASILEUTERUS BOLIVIANUS Sharpe Basileuterus mesoleucus (not of Sclater, 1865) ScLaterR and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1879, p. 594 (Yuyo, Bolivia). Basileuterus bolivianus SuHarper, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 10, 1885, p. 402 (Yuyo, Bolivia, orig. deser.; type in coll. Brit. Mus.). Description—Pileum deep neutral gray, passing into olive citrine on the back, and this brightening into buffy citrine or old gold on the upper tail-coverts; tail similar but duller; wings dusky, with dark citrine outer margins, very narrow on the primaries; short 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 superciliaries and subocular spot light buff, separated from each other by a grayish transocular stripe; chin and sides of the head tinged with buffy; under parts white, more or less washed with light buif, especially on the breast, sides, and crissum; under wing-coverts washed with citrine; “iris brown; bill black; feet light yellowish brown.” Measurements.—Male (six specimens) : Wing, 65-70 (average, 67) ; tail, 51-57 (53); bill, 11-13 (12); tarsus, 20.5-22.5 (21). Female (seven specimens) : Wing, 62-68 (65); tail, 50-54 (52); bill, 11-12 (11.5) ; tarsus, 21-21.5 (21). Range—Eastern foothills of the Andes, Bolivia. Remarks.—This species greatly resembles B. mesoleucus, but the upper parts are duller olive green; the pileum is paler gray; the superciliaries and sides of the head are much paler buffy, without any rufescent shade; the under parts, too, have less buffy wash; the wing is longer in proportion; and the bill is slenderer. These differences impress one as being of specific value upon comparison, while the known range of the present form is widely separated from that of B. mesoleucus, affording no chance for intergradation. If anything, B. bolivianus is rather nearer in its characters to B. rivularis. The characters assigned by Sharpe in his description do not fit the present series at all, and there is naturally some question as to the pertinence of his name. I assume that the “rufescent throat” to which he refers denotes immaturity. The “absence of rufous edg- ings to the wing-coverts” is of no significance, at any rate. There is of course the possibility that the birds from the Santa Cruz region of Bolivia may not be the same as those from the La Paz district, in which case the former would require a new name. Comparison with topotypical material is most desirable, but mean- while it may be well to accept the name bolivianus on the basis above indicated. Specimens examined.—Bolivia: Juntas, 1; Tres Ecuador).—SuHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 10, 1885, p. 394, part (Pallatanga, Ecuador; descr.; refs.).—TAcCZANOWSKI and VON BERLEPSCH, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, 1885, p. 120 (range).—Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 5, 1898, p. 480 (Chimbo, Ecuador). Basileuterus frasert fraseri CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Noy. No, 18, 1921, p. 11, in text (Pallatanga, Santa Rosa, Zaruma, Portovelo, El Chiral, Salvias, and Alamor, Ecuador; range; crit.). Description—Pileum with two broad lateral stripes of black, coalescing on the forehead, and inclosing a large coronal spot of lemon chrome; lores blackish; supraloral spot and chin spot white; sides of head (including superciliaries) and neck, and entire upper parts, including the wings and tail externally, slate color to slate gray, the black more or less washed with olive green; under parts lemon chrome, paler, even whitish, on the crissum and tibiae, the sides washed with warbler green; under wing-coverts white; bill black; feet pale (in skin). If the sexing is correct the female is like the male. \ Redondo, 1; Monte Aguacate, 1; San Sebastian, 1; Juan Viias, 5; Esparta, 1; Aquinares, 5; Agua Caliente, 1; unspecified, 1. Total, 108. Genus IDIOTES Baird Idiotes Barrp, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1865, p. 247 (diag.; type, by original designation, Setophaga rufifrons Swainson). Generic characters.—Similar to Basileuterus Cabanis, but bill rela- tively shorter, and tail relatively longer, exceeding the wing in length, and composed of narrowed rectrices. Remarks.—Baird included several other Middle American species in this group besides the type, but if restricted to the latter it be- comes possible to recognize it to some advantage, while its elimina- tion from Basileuterus enables a tighter definition for that group. It is, however, closely related to Basileuterus delattrii, so closely indeed that Mr. Ridgway made its type conspecific with the latter. As shown beyond, however, there appears to be no real connection between the two. The single species comprising this group is peculiar to Mexico and Guatemala, where it has become split up into a number of geographical races. IDIOTES RUFIFRONS SALVINI (Cherrie) Basileuterus delaitrii (not of Bonaparte) SciAter, Cat. Amer. Birds, 1861, p. 35, excl. syn. (Mexico).—Batrp, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1865, p. 249, excl. syn. part (Coban, Guatemala; descr.; crit.) —Satvin and GopMAn, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, vol. 1, 1881, p. 176, part (Coban and Cahabon, Guatemala).—SuHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 10, 1885, p. 396, part (Coban, Guatemala). Basileuterus rufifrons (not Setophaga rufifrons Swainson) SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 10, 1885, p. 3897, part (Coban and Cahabon, Guatemala). Basileuterus salvini CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 342 (Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala; orig. descr.; type in coll. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.).—Satvin and GopMAn, Ibis, 1892, p. 326, in text (range; crit.). Basileuterus flavigaster Netson, Auk, vol. 14, 1897, p. 67 (Yajalon, Chiapas, Mexico; orig. descr.; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Basileuterus rufifrons salvini Ripaway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, vol. 2, 1902, p. 749 (descr.; range; refs.).—DEARBORN, Field Mus. Orn. Ser., vol. 1, 1907, p. 181, in text (crit.). 5; Basileuterus rufifrons.flavigaster Ripaway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, vol. 2, 1902, p. 748 (descr.; range; refs. [part]). Subspecific characters——Similar to [diotes rufifrons rufifrons, but with the yellow of the breast more extended posteriorly, often cover- ing the entire under parts, with a buffy wash on the flanks and crissum. Measurements—Male (nine specimens): Wing, 51-57 (average, 54); tail, 58-57 (55); bill, 9-11 (10); tarsus, 20-22 (21). Female 90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 (six specimens) : Wing, 48-54 (51); tail, 52-57 (54); bill, 9.5-10.5 (10); tarsus, 20-21 (20.5). Range.—Southeastern Mexico, from southern Vera Cruz south- ward through Tabasco and Chiapas to Vera Paz, Guatemala. Remarks.—Sclater’s 1861 record of Basileuterus “ delattrii” from Mexico must have been based on an example of this well-marked race, since delattrii does not range into that country. Baird in 1865, with a single example from Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala, before him, again misidentified it with B. delatirti. Salvin and Godman, writ- ing in 1881, placed their entire series from Guatemala under the same form, but were confused over certain discrepancies in colora- tion, which they were inclined to ascribe to differences in age. In 1885, however, we find Sharpe dividing the Guatemalan series be- tween B. delattrizi and “ B.” rufifrons, one specimen from Coban fall- ing with the former and two others from the same place with the latter. In 1892 Mr. Cherrie called attention to the peculiarities of the single Guatemalan specimen examined by him (also from Coban, and the same one that Baird had handled), which he thereupon pro- ceeded to describe as a new species, “ B.” salvinit. The same year Salvin and Godman again returned to the question, and indorsed Mr. Cherrie’s views as to the validity of salvini, the range of which they extended to Tabasco, Mexico. Again in 1897 Mr. Nelson undertook to separate the bird of this latter region under the name flavigaster, his type coming from Yajalon, Chiapas. He compared his new form directly with “ B.” rujifrons, without referring to salvini. Mr. Ridg- way, with the types of salvini and flavigaster before him in 1902, called attention to their close resemblance, while admitting both alleged forms to recognition as races of “8.” rujfifrons. He was puzzled by the occurrence in Guatemala of birds representing both types, and thought that salvimi might represent the resident race, and the other a migrant race. With all the material before me that Mr. Ridgway had (which by itself was admittedly inconclusive), and much more, my findings are that there are only two forms of the rufifrons type in Guatemala, salvint and another which for the present I refer to true rufifrons. Through the courtesy of the authorities of the British Museum (Natural History) I have been permitted to examine two additional specimens in their collection from Coban, the type locality of salvind. (One of these is listed under B. delattrii in the “ Catalogue of Birds,” as already noted.) These specimens fail to bear out the supposed distinctive characters of salvint as compared with flavigaster. They agree sufficiently well with Mexican specimens of the latter, and with a series of nine specimens in the collection of Dr. Jonathan Dwight from Finca Sepecuite and Secanquim, situated in the region between ART. 7 REVISION OF THE GENUS BASILEUTERUS—TODD 91 Coban and Lake Yzabal. Hence flavigaster is a synonym of the earlier salvini, which ranges northward from Vera Cruz in Guate- mala to the Mexican State of Vera Cruz, where it probably inter- grades with J. rufifrons jouyt. Of four birds from San Andres Tuxtla, Vera Cruz, only one is typical, the other three being more or less intermediate towards jowy?. A few miles west of Coban, at a place called Finca la Primavera, true rvfifrons occurs, and again at Lake Atitlan, in the southwestern part of the country, so that the ranges of the two forms approximate each other here, without any signs of intergradation taking place. "The coloration of J. rufifrons salvini, resembling as it does that of Basileuterus delattrii, seems to have induced Mr. Ridgway to unite the two groups represented, respectively, by rujifrons and delattri under one specific heading, making them conspecific. According to my views they are not even congeneric. The relatively long tail of salvini, with narrowed rectrices, its short, more rounded bill, and the white line under the auriculars, separate it definitely from JB. delattrii and align it with J. rufifrons. There is absolutely no indi- cation of intergradation between rufifrons and delattrii where their respective ranges approximate. Specimens examined—Guatemala: Coban, Vera Paz, 3 (including type) ; Cahabon, 1 (not typical) ; Finca Sepecuite, 5; Secanquim, 4; unspecified, 5. Mexico: Teapa, Tabasco, 1; Yajalon, Chiapas, 1 (type of “ B.” flavigaster Nelson); San Andres Tuxtla, Vera Cruz, 4; unspecified, 2. Total, 26. IDIOTES RUFIFRONS RUFIFRONS (Swainson) Setophaga rufifrons Swarnson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, p. 294 (* Mexico”; orig. descr.; type in coll. Berlin Mus. [?]). Basileuterus rufifrons BoNAparTE, Consp. Avium, vol. 1, 1850, p. 314 (Mexico; diag.)—Sciater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 291 ({Cordova?], Vera Cruz) ; 1858, p. 299 (La Parada, Oaxaca) .—Bairp, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1865, p. 248, part (Jalapa and Mirador, Vera Cruz; descr. ; refs.; crit.) —Scniater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 284 (refs. ; diag.; range).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867, p. 136, in text (range). —SumicHrAst, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, 1869, p. 546 (Temperate Region, Vera Cruz).—Lawrence, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 4, 1876, p. 16 (Guichicovi, Chiapas).—Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, vol. 1, 1881, p. 175, part (S. Mexico and Guatemala [part] localities and refs.; descr.; crit.) —Suarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 10, 1885, p. 397, excl. syn. part (Jalapa, Vera Cruz, and Cinco Sefiores, Oaxaca; Duefas, Guatemala; descr.; refs.)—Rip@way, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 119, in text (Mirador and Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Guichicovi, Oaxaca; crit.) —CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 10, 1898, p. 25 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz)—Topp and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 14, 1922, p. 440, in text (crit.).—Bertioz, Rey. Franc. d’Orn., vol. 8, 1923, p. 159 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz). 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Basileuterus rufifrons rufifrons Ripeway, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 50, vol. 2, 1902, p. 745 (descr.; range; refs.). Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi (not of Ridgway) DEARBORN, Field Mus. Orn. Ser., vol. 1, 1907, p. 181 (Panajachel, Lake Atitlan, Guatemala; crit.). Description —Pileum chestnut, usually with indications of a paler median stripe, the hindneck and sides of the neck deep olive gray, passing into citrine on the back; superciliary stripe white; loral and postorbital regions black, connected by a narrow line above the eye; auricular region chestnut; chin and malar region dull white; throat and breast lemon chrome, passing into dull white on the abdomen, more or less shaded with buffy or yellowish, and the sides and flanks shaded with buffy brown; under wing-coverts pale yellow, the edge of the wing brighter; “iris brown; bill black; feet flesh-color.” Juvenal plumage (No. 143,228, Collection U. S. National Museum, Ocuilapa, Chiapas, Mexico, August 27, 1895): Above like the adult, but much duller citrine, the pileum still duller and browner than the back; the superciliary and transocular stripes indicated; under parts dull buffy, anteriorly tinged with yellow. Measurements—Male (eight specimens): Wing, 52+56 (average, 58) ; tail, 54-60 (57) ; bill, 9-10.5 (9.7) ; tarsus, 20-21.5 (20.5). Female (six specimens): Wing, 46-53 (49); tail, 51-57 (54); -bill, 9-10.5 (9.7) ; tarsus, 19-21 (20). Range.—Southern Mexico, from Puebla and central Vera Cruz to Oaxaca and Chiapas, and thence to southern Guatemala. Remarks—Swainson’s description, brief as it is, clearly applies to this race and to no other. He does not say where his type specimen is to be found, nor does he give any more definite habitat than “ Mex- ico.” Specimens collected by Deppe, and deposited in the Berlin Museum, had in the meantime received a manuscript name, “ aurv- gula,” from Lichtenstein. Salvin and Godman state that Deppe’s skins were taken at Real Ariba, in the State of Vera Cruz (?), and largely on this account I propose to designate this as the type locality. It occupies the highlands of southern Mexico, from Vera Cruz to the adjoining State of Puebla, and south to Oaxaca and Chiapas. In the coast region east of Vera Cruz it is replaced by the yellow-bellied race, J. 7. salvint. Guatemala specimens (listed beyond) are referred here provisionally, but probably represent an undescribed race. Below they are the same as /. rufifrons jouyt, but are much greener above. I cannot agree with Doctor Dearborn that they represent winter resident individuals, or in calling them dugesit. The worn condition of the specimens, and the date of collection (April 10) for- bids such a supposition, in my opinion. Specimens examined.—Mexico: Jalapa, Vera Cruz, 7; Jico, Vera Cruz, 2; Mirador, Vera Cruz, 4; Pasa Nueva, Vera Cruz, 2 (interme- ART. 7 REVISION OF THE GENUS BASILEUTERUS—TODD 93 diates) ; Orizaba, Vera Cruz, 2; Huachinango, Puebla, 2; near To- tontepec, Oaxaca, 1; Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, 1; Valley of Jiquipilos, Chiapas, 1; Ocuilapa, Chiapas, 3; Guachicovi, Chiapas, 1; unspeci- fied, 1. Guatemala: Panajachel, Lake Atitlan, 5; Finca la Prima- vera, 10; Duefias, 1; Vera Paz, 1. Total, 43. IDIOTES RUFIFRONS JOUYI (Ridgway) Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi Ripeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 119 (Hacienda Angostura, San Luis Potosi; orig. deser.; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, “1893,” 1894, p. 777, part (same locality; habits).—Ripaway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, vol. 2, 1902, p. 746 (descr.; range; refs.) —PHILutips, Auk, vol. 28, 1911, p. 86 (Galindo, Guiaves, Montelunga, Yerba Burna, Rampahuila, Santa Leonor, and Rio Cruz, Tamaulipas). Subspecific characters.—Similar to [diotes rufifrons caudatus, but general coloration darker; above darker; yellow of the under parts deeper; posterior under parts less purely white, the shading on the sides and flanks more grayish brown, less buffy. Similar also to Idiotes rufifrons rufifrons, but upper parts duller, more grayish, less greenish in tone. Measurements—Male: Wing, 51-57 (average, 53); tail, 56-62 (59) ; bill, 9-10 (9.3); tarsus, 19.5-21 (20). Female: Wing, 50-56 (53) ; tail, 55-62 (58) ; bill, 9-9.5 (9.3) ; tarsus, 19.5-21 (20.3). Range.—Eastern Mexico, from central Tamaulipas to San Luis Potosi, and south to Hidalgo, northern Puebla, and northern Vera Cruz. Remarks.—An example in juvenal dress (No. 61,649, Collection Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Realito, Tamaulipas, June 14, 1909) is dull olive brownish above and dusky buff below, the white superciliaries and dusky postocular spot well marked; the wing- coverts are tipped with buffy. This is the northeastern race of /diotes rufifrons, ranging from the State of Tamaulipas southward to Vera Cruz, where it meets the typical form. It is easily told from the latter by its more grayish coloration, but is not so far removed from J. rufifrons caudatus. Specimens examined.—Mexico: Rio Cruz, Tamaulipas, 6; Monte- lunga, Tamaulipas, 4; Santa Leonor, Tamaulipas, 2; Yerba Burna, Tamaulipas, 3; Guiaves, Tamaulipas, 2; Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, 14; Portrero, Tamaulipas, 1; Galindo, Tamaulipas, 12; Realito, Tamaulipas, 3; Rampahuila, Tamaulipas, 4; Tampico, Tamaulipas, 1; Monterey, Nuevo Leon, 6; Cerro de la Silla, Nuevo Leon, 1; Boquilla, Nuevo Leon, 7; San Pedro Minico, Nuevo Leon, 6; Hacienda An- gostura, San Luis Potosi, 3 (including type); El Chico, Hidalgo, 1; Tochimileco, Puebla, 1; Maltrata, Vera Cruz, 1; unspecified, 2. Total, 80. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 IDIOTES RUFIFRONS BUGESI (Ridgway) Basileuterus rufifrons (not Setopkaga rufifrons Swainson) Hertne and REICHENOW, Nom. Mus. Heineani Orn., 1882, p. 14 (Oaxaca, Mexico). Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi Ripeway, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 119, part (Guanajuato. Mexico; orig. descr.; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) ; Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, vol. 2, 1902, p. 747, excl. Sinaloa * localities and refs. (descr.; range; refs.).—SmirH, Condor, vol. 11, 1909, p. 61 (Cuernavaca, Morelos; habits). Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi (not of Ridgway) Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, “1898,” 1894, p. 777, part (Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco). Subspecific characters—Similar to Idiotes rufifrons rufifrons, but general color of upper parts, wings, etc., duller (dark buffy olive). Measurements —Male: Wing, 51-55 (average, 52.5); tail, 52-61 (57.4) ; bill, 9-10.5 (9.5); tarsus, 19.5-21.5 (20.5). Female: Wing, 50-58 (52) ; tail, 52-59 (56) ; bill, 9-10 (9.5) ; tarsus, 19-21 (20). Range.—Central Mexico, west to Jalisco, and south to Oaxaca. Remarks—This is an unsatisfactory form. It is in fact merely the name applied to a series of intergrades between true rufifrons of the Vera Cruz region and the pale, grayish, washed-out race of northwestern Mexico. Birds from Oaxaca approach rujifrons in their more greenish color above, while those from Jalisco verge more towards caudatus, as also does the type, from Guanajuato. Taken as a series, the specimens listed below are barely separable as a namable race, after allowing for differences due to wear. In fact, if the type- specimens of dugest, caudatus, and jouwyi were the only specimens available, I fail to see how these races could be told one from another, but in series they can be roughly separated. Specimens examined—Mexico: Tepic, Tepic, 1; Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco, 2; San Sebastian, Jalisco, 3; Talpa, Jalisco, 2; Tuxpan, Jalisco, 7; La Pisagua (near Volcano Tolima), Jalisco, 3; Volcano Tolima, Jalisco, 1; Bolanos, Jalisco, 1; Zapotlan, Jalisco, 1; Guadala- jara, Jalisco, 1; Volcan de Fuego, Jalisco, 1; Sal se Puerdes (5,000 feet), Jalisco, 1; Guanajuato, Guanajuato, 1 (type of subspecies) ; Patzcuaro, Michoacan, 3; Los Reyes, Michoacan, 1; Rio Balsas, Guer- rero, 2; El Naranjo, Guerrero, 1; Cuernavaca, Morelos, 1; Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 2; Juquila, Oaxaca, 1; Cuicatlan, Oaxaca, 1. Total, 37. IDIOTES RUFIFRONS CAUDATUS (Nelson) Basileuterus rufifrons (not Setophaga rufifrons Swainson) Batrp, Rey. Amer. Birds, 1865, p. 248, part (Sierra Madre, near Mazatlan, Sinaloa).— LAWRENCE, Mem. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, 1874, p. 270 (Sierra Madre, Sinaloa).—SALvIn and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, vol. 1, 1881, p. 175, part (Sierra Madre, Sinaloa, ex Baird and Lawrence).— ALLEN, Bul!. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, 1893, p. 41 (Napolera, Chi- huahua). ART. 7 REVISION OF THE GENUS BASILEUTERUS—TODD 95 Basileuterus rufifrons caudatus Newson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 13, 1899, p. 29 (near Alamos, Sonora, Mexico; orig. descr.; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Rineway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, vol. 2, 1902, p. 748 (descr.; range; refs.). Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi Ripeway, Proe. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 119, part (Sierra Madre near Mazatlan, Sinaloa); Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, vol. 2, 1902, P. 747, part (Sinaloa localities and refs.). Subspecific characters—Similar to Idiotes rufifrons dugesi, but upper parts still duller (near citrine drab), and under parts averag- ing slightly paler. Measurements—Male: Wing, 50-55 (average, 52.5); tail, 55-61 (58.5); bill, 8.5-9.5 (9); tarsus, 19.5-21.5 (20.5). Female: Wing, 48-52 (50.5); tail, 53-60 (56.5); bill, 85-9.5 (9); tarsus, 20-21 (20.5). Range-—Northwestern Mexico, in States of Sonora, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa. Remarks.—This race is easily told from J. rufifrons rufifrons, but is so close to J. rufifrons dugesi as to be distinguishable only in series of specimens comparable for season. It is the palest form of the species, refiecting the aridity of its habitat. A juvenal example (No. 21,766, collection Wiliam Brewster, Bravo, Chihuahua, July 23, 1888) is very much paler above than the corresponding stage of J. rupifrons jouyi. Specimens from Sinaloa are in my opinion better referred here than to J. rufifrons dugesi. The greater length of the tail, supposed by Messrs. Nelson and Ridgway to be diagnostic of this race, is in- considerable; in fact, comparative measurements of all the forms of the rufifrons group of conspecies vary little among themselves. Specimens examined.—Mexico: Mina Abundancia, Chihuahua, 11; Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua, 10; Carmen, Chihuahua, 4; Jesus Maria, Chihuahua, 4; Bravo, Chihuahua, 8; near Batopilas, Chihuahua, 1; Colonia Garcia (15 miles west of Chihuahua), Chi- huahua, 1; near Oposura, Sonora, 4; Alamos, Sonora, 5 (including type); Nopalera, Sonora, 1; Plomosas, Sinaloa, 3; Sierra Madre, near Mazatlan, Sinaloa, 1. Total, 53. O ae Soe le ee a P - y ee ’ 5h - aerate | FIVE NEW PARASITIC FLIES REARED FROM BEETLES IN CHINA AND INDIA By J. M. Avpricu Associate Curator, Division of Insects, United States National Musewm The five species of Diptera here described were reared by economic entomologists while searching in the Orient for parasites of injurious beetles, with a view to the introduction of such parasites into the United States and Hawaiian Islands. Family PYRGOTIDAE Genus CAMPYLOCERA Macquart Campylocera Macquart, Dipt. Exot., vol. 2, pt. 8, 1843, p. 220. CAMPYLOCERA HIRSUTA, new species In Hendel’s key to the species of this genus’ the present species would run to thoracalis, which however has shining black stripes on the dorsum of the thorax. Female.—Head entirely brownish yellow, front opaque, near vertex 0.37 of head width. The eyes approximate each other more closely at the middle of the face, where the intervening space is 0.34 of head width. Parafacial shining, about half the width of the third antennal joint; antennal grooves translucent; from the inner edge of the facial ridges a flat opaque slender depressed area extends down around the lower curve of the eye, occupying the greater part of the width of the cheek. Antennae yellow, first joint short, second and third of equal length on upper edge, the third about twice as long as wide. Arista slender, yellow at base; palpi pale yellow, broad. Thorax wholly yellow, shining, with rather dense erect dark hair above, which is paler in some lights. The bristles of the middle of the dorsum and the humeri are not distinguishable from the hairs. There are two distinct notopleural, one supraalar, two postalar, and a single pair of dorsocentral bristles just before the scutellum. The latter has four good-sized marginal bristles and some slender long hairs. 1 Archiv ftir Naturgeschichte, vol. 79, 1913, p. 92. No. 2753.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 74, ART. 8. 2611—28 1 2 PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Abdomen yellow, somewhat brownish above, the basal joint much shorter and broader than in Adapsilia flaviseta, the remaining seg- ments also shorter. The posterior or apparent sixth segment is nearly twice as long as all the rest of the abdomen, compressed, and at the tip turned downward; the first abdominal segment has a cluster of long hair on each side near its tip; the following segments are more hairy in the middle, while the posterior has dense long hair all over, which becomes a little more delicate apically. All of the hair of the abdomen is brown or blackish. Legs yellow, femora somewhat thickened, the hind femora with two or three partial rows of conspicuous bristles on the upper side of the apical third. Wing subhyaline with a dark shadow on the fork on the origin of the second vein, narrow dark margins on the cross veins and an infuscation of the tip beginning at the hind cross vein. The third vein ends exactly in the tip of the wing, the costa continuing very slightly beyond it, the fourth vein bends rather strikingly backward near the margin of the wing and becomes almost evanescent, its last section is more than double the preceding, the distance between the cross veins being about three-fourths of the length of the hind one. Length, in the normal curved position, 5.2 mm. Described from two females bred from ruteline beetles of the genus Adoretus at Taihoku, Formosa, by D. T. Fullaway. Type.—Female, Cat. No. 40984, U.S.N.M. Genus ADAPSILIA Waga. Adapsilia Waca, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., vol. 11, 1842, p. 280. ADAPSILIA FLAVISETA, new species In Hendel’s key to the genus? the species would go in the first division, with the scutellum hairy on the disk, but readily separates from the two species included there by Hendel. It differs from both in having the wing infuscated throughout except the second basal and anal cells and the basal portion of the discal; the color is deepest between the second and third veins and a little behind the third. The second vein has an appendage as in magnicornis, which, how- ever, has a transverse infuscated band on the wing. It is more closely related to t7?notata De Meijere,? which, however, is considerably paler in color, with the pleurae chiefly yellow and a different color pattern in the wing. Female.——Head dark reddish brown, facial carina, inner part of facial ridges, epistoma, and a triangular spot below the eye shining black. Back of head opaque black except along the eye and a semi- ? Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, vol. 79, 1913, p. 81. *Tijdsch. Entom., vol. 57, 1914, p. 182. ART. 8 FIVE NEW PARASITIC FLIES—J. M. ALDRICH a circular occipital spot reaching almost to the neck, which are dark yellow; front opaque, at the vertex 0.40 of head width, the parafrontal shining, narrow above, widening at the antennae. Parafacial also shining, as wide as the third antennal joint. Antennae considerably elongated, dark brown, the basal joint a little lighter, second and third of about equal length; third rounded at apex; arista yellow. Palpi dark brown. Thorax black, not very shining, the scutellum and a very narrow postscutellum immediately below it yellow; the humeri are partly yellow and there is an irregular yellow spot around them extending part way to the center and back above the notopleural bristles to the suture. Abdomen black, with a yellow band across the first segment pro- longed backward at the edges, another including most of the dor- sum of the fifth segment, and a large spot beyond the middle of the last or sixth segment. This segment is considerably smaller than the entire preceding part, irregularly constricted and bent downward. The first segment has a considerable cluster of Jong black hairs on each side at the base and on the sternites of the rest of the segments there is a cluster of such hairs on each side. The last segment has rather dense long hair all over the basal half. All of the hairs mentioned are black. Legs black, all the femora slightly yellow below at apex, the femora stout and slightly grooved toward the apex for the recep- tion of the tibia, the ridges bounding the groove being provided with rather stout slanting small spines. The front and middle tibiae are noticeably thickened from the middle, the hind ones from the first third, of their length; the middle tibiae have a distinct but not very stout curved spine at tip. Wing as described, the costa extending to the fourth vein but becoming weaker after the third, which ends very slightly before the apex. Hind cross vein at right angles to the axis of the wing, last section of the fourth vein twice the preceding. Length, 9 mm. Described from five specimens, all of which appear to be females, bred at Shillong, India, from ruteline beetles by C. P. Clausen. Type.—Female, Cat. No. 40983, U.S.N.M. Family TACHINIDAE SIGELOTROKXIS, new genus Allied to Phrynofrontina Townsend (type convexa Townsend, equals Sturmia discalis Coquillett), with which it agrees in having wide, bowed parafacials and many other characters, but from which it differs in having the parafacials bristly over half way, no costal spine, no discals, minute ocellars, etc. It also resembles Ptychomyia 4 PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Brauer and Bergenstamm (type, Zachina selecta Meigen), but differs m having no elise ule the ocellars on the triangle, not mney, spaced opposite the front ocellus. The principal characters are as follows: Antennal axis one and a half times the vibrissal, face curved, more receding below, parafacials rather wide; facial ridges prominent, bristly half way or more; both sexes with orbitals, only one frontal below origin of antennae; eyes bare; palpi normal, proboscis short; third antennal joint long and slender, arista bare, vibrissae at oral margin; third vein with two large setules at base, first bare; fourth vein broadly curved almost in a right angle, straight for a distance, then concave to costa, the first posterior cell closed in the margin only a little before the wing tip; costal section from first to second vein only a little shorter than from second to third; hind cross vein straight, semierect, barely beyond middle between small and bend. Type of genus.—Sigelotroxis parvus, new species. SIGELOTRGOXIS PARVUS, new species Male—F¥ront 0.35 of head width; head with pale yellow pollen, frontal stripe brown, as wide above as both parafrontals; at least one proclinate orbital; palpi yellow apically, darker toward base; first two antennal joints reddish, third brown, very long and quite slender, fully five times the second; arista yellow basally, short, thickened about half way; cheek one-half the eye height. Thorax black, cinereous; scutellum broadly reddish. Chaetotaxy; acrostichal 3, 3; dorsocentral 3, 4; supraalar 3; intraalar 2; postalar 2; humeral 2; posthumeral 1; presutural 2 (inner small); notopleural 2; sterno- pleural 2, 1; scutellum with 3 lateral, a large pair of apicals and a smaller discal pair. Hypopleurals and post-scutellum as usual; calyp- ters ivory white. Abdomen rather short, subshining black, a narrow band of pale pollen at base of third segment, fourth more than half pollinose. First abdominal segment without median marginals, sec- ond with a pair, third with row of six, fourth irregularly bristly except at base. Genital segments small, black. Legs black, pulvilli small, mid tibiae with one bristle on outer front side, hind tibia sub- ciliate. Wings hyaline. Female.—F¥ ront 0.35 of head width; third antennal joint four times the second, probably two orbitals. Length, 4.5 to 6 mm. Described from three males and two females, reared from ruteline beetles at Foochow, China, in 1897 by C. R. Kellogg, received from the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Experiment Station, to which two paratypes are returned. Type—Male, Cat. No. 40985, U.S.N.M. ART.8 FIVE NEW PARASITIC FLIES—J. M. ALDRICH 5 Genus PEXOMYIA Brauer and Bergenstamm Pexomyia BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 329; pt. 6, 1893, p. 114—Braurr, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges., vol. 102, 1893, p. 476; vol. 107, 1898, p. 543.—Barr, Die Tachinen, 1921, p. 78.—StTEern, Arch. Naturgesch., vol. 90, 1924, p. 99. The genus originally included Masicera rubrifrons Perris and Roeselia aberrans Egger; the former was designated as type by Brauer in 1898, and Bezzi, in the Palaearctic Katalog, makes the latter a synonym. Two males of rubrifrons in the United States National Museum, determined by Professor Bezzi, differ from Centeter in having bare eyes and parafacials, the vibrissal axis somewhat longer, and the prominent facial ridges with only weak bristles less than half-way up. Discal bristles occur on the second and third segments, and a discal row is present on the fourth. The habits of rubrifrons seem to be unknown. The three related genera attacking ruteline beetles may be sepa- rated by the following key. KEY TO CENTETER, SIGELOTROXIS, AND PEXOMYIA 1. The upper part of parafacial with distinct hairs anteriorly; eyes hairy. Centeter Aldrich. Upper part of parafacial entirely bare; eyes bare___-------------------- 2. 2. Facial ridges bristly to middle or above, discals absent on intermediate abdominal segments; scutellum with no small apical pair of bristles. Sigelotroxis Aldrich. Facial ridges bristly only below middle; discals present or absent; a small pair of apical scutellars present between the large third lateral pair. Pexomyia Brauer and Bergenstamm. PEXOMYIA GENALIS, new species Female.—Front at vertex 0.41 of head width, parafrontal slightly wider than median stripe, which is dark red and continues on each side of ocellar triangle to inner vertical; frontals eight, extending to tip of second antennal joint, upper two reclinate but not large; two pairs of orbitals; parafacial wide; cheek equal to one-half the eye height. Pollen of head decidedly yellow above, grayish-yellow on parafacial, in front view the color changing suddenly below the lowest frontal. Antennae reddish yellow nearly to middle of third antennal joint, the remainder blackish; the third joint four times the second. Arista thickened and yellow amon one-half way; basal joints short; vi- brissae at oral margin with six or seven small decreasing bristles 6 PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 74 above on facial ridges, which are decidedly prominent and sharp; ocellars proclinate and divaricate, outer verticals minute. Palpi yellow, of ordinary size; proboscis small. Cheek and back of head with only black hairs. Thorax with yellowish pollen, black in ground color, but with a reddish tinge on the apical part of scutel- lum. Mesonotum with a pair of blackish stripes and a distinct tri- angular black spot in front of inner presutural; also an elongated spot behind the suture. Chaetotaxy: Acrostichal 3, 3; dorsocentral 2,4; humeral 3; posthumeral 2; presutural 2 (inner two-thirds as long as outer); notopleural 2; supraalar 3; intralar 3; postalar 2; sternopleural 2, 1; scutellum with three lateral, one discal, and a smallish divergent apical pair; postscutellum well developed; pos- terior calypter yellowish white. Abdomen with yellowish-gray pollen on last three segments, more dense on the fourth, on the two preceding becoming thinner pos- teriorly so as to show a black but not very shining ground color. Second segment with a pair of median marginals; third segment with or without distinct pair of discals and a marginal row of eight: fourth segment with a discal row of six, and a few apical. Legs black; middle tibia with one bristle on outer front side, hind with a sparse row rather uniform, except one larger below middle. Wing subhyaline, rather rounded in outline, bend of fourth vein with gradual curve, the first posterior cell open, or barely closed just before tip. Hind cross vein rather straight and erect, somewhat nearer to bend than to small cross vein; first vein bare, third with two or three bristles at base. Last section of fifth vein hardly one- third the preceding; costal segment beyond tip of second vein con- siderably more than half as long as the one before it. Male.—Head somewhat shriveled; third antennal joint longer and wider than in female, black almost to base; it as wide as the para- facial; orbital bristles present as in the female. Genitalia quite small, black, the inner forceps distinctly separated, short, rather broad at tip; outer forceps with broad black base attached to seg- ment, the free part abruptly tapering and slender, black with shghtly rounded tips. Length, 4-6 mm. Described from four females and one male, received from Dr. J. L. King; they were reared from Popillia japonica Newman at Riverton, N. J., from material obtained in Japan; emerged July 24, 1925. Type.—Female, Cat. No. 41452, U.S.N.M. ART. 8 FIVE NEW PARASITIC FLIES—J. M. ALDRICH rf Genus CENTETER Aldrich Centeter ALDRICH, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 63, art. 6, 1923, p. 3. CENTETER CINEREA Aldrich Centeter cinerea ALDRICH, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 638, art. 6, 1923, p. 4— CLAUSEN and Kine, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 17, 1924, p. 77—Smiry, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 17, 1924, p. 110—Kine and HAttock, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 18, 1925, p. 351.—SmirH and Haptey, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Circular No. 368, 1926, p. 37.—WeEIsS, Circular No. 103, N. J. Bur. of Statistics and Inspection, 1926, p. 11—CLAuUSEN, KING, and TERANISHI, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bull. No. 1429, 1927, p. 4, figs. and col. plate-—Kine, ALLEN, and HALLocK, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 20, 1927, p. 366. This species, type of the genus, has been introduced into the United States from Japan as a parasite of the beetle Popillia japonica Newm., and is now established here. The receipt of better preserved material than the types shows that the eyes are hairy, and the generic description should be corrected accordingly. KEY TO SPECIES OF CENTETER Abdominal segments 1 to 4 broadly shining black on nearly the apical half; Biber OeteCMmOnamD la Ck ewes = tees yee ee es ee Se ee cinerea Aldrich. Whole abdomen covered with brownish-gray pollen, slightly tesselated; tibiae andstipsoistemoragred@dish2=— 22>) Sa ees ee unicolor, new species. CENTETER UNICOLOR, new species Female—wWith all the generic characters of cinerea, differing as noted in the key. The arista is yellow on basal half; there are no proclinate orbitals, but outside the frontal row there are sometimes one or two small mesially inclined bristles. Three lateral scutellar bristles are present, but the small apical pair of cinerea is absent; hence the third lateral pair might be described as a large apical pair. Eyes distinctly hairy. The front is very wide, being 0.45 of the head width at vertex (as compared with 0.41 in the female of cmerea). Described from four females from Suigen, Chosen (Korea) ; three are labeled ‘May 13, 1926, col. K. Sato;” the other “ Parasite of Anomala sieversi and Phyllopertha sp.” The abdomen of one speci- men has been dissected away to show several large, white eggs, of the same type as in cinerea, Type.—Female, Cat. No. 41451, U.S.N.M. In conclusion it might be well to add that Sigelotroxis parvus differs from both species of Centeter in having bare eyes, the front much less prominent, the parafacial bare above near the facial ridge as well as elsewhere, and the eye considerably larger. 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Saas eouewiwten 4 ae ani 1i4eSBi Dre ie er iuertants vionniy ually Hae epaulets REE, ‘ow sta sient! Tied kent ae wolliyoer sie edhe qyae add sp tiie ipemnitdog ote iady yor Letnorksorih ohio tee chavidee aueeee uelidgia Iowtelsoidt? szchaind-boedione Genients Tegis ot ae one iditsade ac teats te ‘stag teaee iin aris vind phi pedergy aga Liem = Ansiqd ayial’ Acne bod saat Job nig iet otha rts slobald ads jatar | ARO ia! shigea~ gi-hierrt) od 2 “veri geal pall yaa ate olsipior une ei- BP tie Sepraiqur yk eos napaee “dat cLrhseve’ hassbeee. 3 is bey Es cy “i a a ae. SSeS ta, : sn } wre , nt wine saved ani nol aored aor ements = denied sade oda 1 Oars 7 foo: O88). 6f qa palodab aears are Stott} aoriobdss ad t "Sara oq han wasesis alOat y= At aisle sain oxat litioy sar viody of-y une bolosse th desea aaa & mr fee OTH (t Sno: goog Ap dees Lo areariwat ah Seryireamr 4 “3 cate ‘ial bia ce BALE Gk (hol aaah palace iam eh wero cieetinlansae tals, Hhwros Riv ee tdaton 1) nolzalondy n= jnoit orld ovo oad dived ap sotehas ) tpmiseqe mods ae A ou hits faiset ott; P adent ane oTRG See oly oe c ‘ MONIEZIA, A GENUS OF CESTODE WORMS AND THE PROPOSED REDUCTION OF ITS SPECIES TO THREE By E. Lronarp Taytor Of the Veterinary Laboratory of the British Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries The work on which this paper is based was done in the laboratory of the Zoological Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, at the suggestion of Dr. Maurice C. Hall. The material and facilities of the helminthological collection of the United States National Museum were put at the disposal of the writer for this work. The question of the number of valid species in the genus Mondezia was taken up by G. Theiler (in 1924) at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. She found a wide range of variation in the seg- ments of a single strobila, and came to the conclusion that only four species could be allowed, namely, M/. expansa, M. trigonophora, M. benedeni, and M. alba, and of these four she expresses a doubt as to the validity of the two species Wf. trigonophora and M. alba. ‘Two other species, M. rugosa and M. amphibia, are placed as species inquirendae, pending a reexamination of the original material. As this genus is of considerable economic importance it seemed particularly desirable to check over the above work. It is much easier to divide a group of individuals into a number of species according to their various dissimilarities than to show satis- factorily that a number of dissimilar individuals really belong to one and the same species, and that their variations are not of specific rank. And it is indeed impossible, from a mere morphological study, to prove beyond doubt that the variations occurring do not go beyond the limits of one species. Proof could only be found by studying the variations occurring in the progeny of one parent worm, but our com- plete ignorance of the life cycle of worms of the genus Moniezia un- fortunately renders this impossible. The method followed in collecting data for this paper has been the same as that used by G. Theiler; fresh worms have been taken from sheep and cattle at the abattoirs, and complete specimens stained and No. 2754.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 74, ART. 9 2612—28 if 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 mounted 7m toto and examined from head to terminal segment. It is no small task to examine a large cestode in this way, for the number of segments present in each worm examined varied between 1,136 and 2,118 in the U/. expansa group, and 758 and 1,462 in the I. planissima group. ‘Twenty complete worms, selected because they showed the most varied naked eye appearance, and as many more portions of worms were examined in this way. It is proposed to mention a number of the characters used in definitions of the species of the genus Moniezia, and to show that extremes of size and shape are joined by a more or less regular series of intermediate modifications. In examining the descriptions of members of this genus the writer has found only six definite specific characters, which may be stated as follows: The interproglottidal glands may be absent, as in J, alba (1). When present they may be of the linear type, as in J. planissima (2), or they may be of the saccular type, as in I. expansa (3), or, according to Sauter, both types may be present in one worm, as in I. conjugens (4). The testes instead of being in one band may be arranged in two triangular areas, as in I. trigonophora (5). The uterine folds usually pass only on the dorsal side of the longi- tudinal excretory vessels, but they may pass both dorsally and ven- trally, as in UW. pallida (6). Apart from these six characters, specific identity appears to de- pend upon a number of more or less slight variations, among which the following may be mentioned as the more important: 1. Shape and direction of the suckers, and shape of head. 2. Color and translucency of the strobila. 3. Length of the worm and the number of segments present in the strobila. 4. Size of the largest segment. 5. Width of the head. 6. Length of the neck. 7. Distance from the head at which the first genital primordia appear. 8. Distance from the head at which the first testes may be seen. 9. Number of testes present in each segment. 10. Interproglottidal glands, their number to the segment in the M. expansa group, and their length in the J/. planissima group; and whether distinct or only faintly visible. 11. Position of the genital pore. 12. Size of the eggs. 1. From the study of the writer’s material and of descriptions and drawings of the various species, the differences in the shape of the head seem to be no more than could easily be explained by the plastic ART. 9 MONIEZIA, A GENUS OF CESTODE WORMS—TAYLOR 3 nature of this structure; and the same remark applies to the relative position and direction a the suckers. 2. Variations in color are only slight, and appear to depend en- tirely upon the age of the worm and whether the segments have reached the large intestines; older worms are yellower and segments -in the large intestine become stained by the ingesta. The variation in the translucency of the strobila is not very great and seems to be of no value. Characters which depend upon such comparative terms as “a little more” or “a little less than some other species” are obviously of slight value for definition, and in several species the shape of head and suckers, and the color and translucency of the strobila are so described. Characters which are a matter of numbers, and of linear measure- ment can be dealt with in a more convincing manner, and there are given below the two extremes of size or number of various struc- tures by a series of all the intermediate measurements. If any of the characters are valuable, and if there are two or more species present, some evidence of their presence should be seen in a marked discontinuity in the chain or intermediate variations. 3. The number of segments in the strobila. ‘The number of seg- ments were counted in seventeen strobila of the I. expansa group and the two extreme variations found to be 1136 and 2118 segments for each strobila: the intermediate worms joined these two in the following way, the figures representing the number of segments present in each worm: 11386, 1158, 1233, 1385, 1392, 1443, 1463, 1490, 1511, 1565, 1579, 1581, 1886, 1918, 1944, 1969, and 2118. It will be noticed that the only consider ante gap is between 1581 and 1886, the remainder of the series running evenly. 4. Measurements in width of the largest Sessa taken from nine» teen specimens of the J/. expansa group were found to vary between 2mm. and 8 mm., the list of measurements arranged in order being as follows, the numbers representing millimeters: 2, 2.8, 3, 4, 4.5, 4.8, 5, 5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6, 6, 6.5, 7, 7, 7, 7.5, 8. In this series there is no marked discontinuity, but a regular increase in size, the majority of the worms being of a medium size. 5. Measurements in width of head taken from seventeen specimens of the I. expansa group showed a variation between 0.42 mm. and 0.75 mm., the whole series, given in millimeters, being as follows: 0.42, 0.45, 0.48, 0.495, 0.495, 0.495, 0.515, 0.525, 0.57, 0.57, 0.585, 0.60, 0.615, 0.63, 0.645, 0.675, 0.75. The variation in this series shows no marked discontinuity. : 6. Measurements taken from seventeen specimens of the W/. expansa group showed a variation in length of neck between 0.15 mm. and 1.875 mm., the series of measurements in millimeters being as follows: 4. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 0.15, 0.30, 0.80, 0.36, 0.375, 0.405, 0.45, 0.75, 0.8, 0.90, 1.05, 1.15, 1.2, 1.5, 1.575, 1.59, 1.875. For the most part this series shows a uniform increase in size, the three greatest gaps being from 0.45 to 0.75, 1.2 to 1.5, and 1.59 to 1.875. 7. The distance from the head at which the first genital primordia make their appearance. In eighteen specimens of the WM. expansa group this point was found to vary between the 150th and the 424th segment, the whole series being as follows, the figures representing the number of the segment from the head: 150, 155, 160, 180, 290, 300, 800, 316, 320, 320, 340, 350, 390, 400, 400, 410, 415, 424. There is a discontinuity of the series between 180 and 290, the remainder being very even. 8. The distance from the head at which the first testes may be seen. Of seventeen specimens of the UM. expansa group this was found to vary between the 390th and the 1018th segment, the complete series being as follows, the numbers representing the number of the seg- ments from the head: 390, 495, 672, 690, 697, 700, 710, 712, 720, 750, 761, 767, 801, 852, 910, 937, 1018. ‘The variation in this series showed no marked discontinuity. 9. The number of testes was counted in a few segments of twelve specimens of the I/. ewpansa group, and the greatest variation in any one worm was found to be between the 198 and 260 testes per seg- ment, and the greatest variation within the twelve was found to be between 109 and 296. The average number of testes of each segment in each of twelve specimens of the /. expansa group formed the following series, each number representing the average number of testes to the segment: 120, 124, 147, 200, 202, 211, 215, 229, 240, 247, 247, 284. The size of the testes also showed considerable variation, the great- est variation observed in one individual worm being between 0.07 and 0.15 mm. in diameter, and in the group of twelve worms exam- ined the greatest variation observed was between 0.035 and 0.15 mm. The average diameter in millimeters of the testes in sixteen specimens of the I. expansa group was as follows: 0.040, 0.050, 0.052, 0.055, 0.060, 0.065, 0.067, 0.067, 0.075, 0.075, 0.077, 0.085, 0.087, 0.110, 0.110, 0.115. 10. The number of interproglottidal glands per segment. Of 15 specimens of the M. ewpansa group in which counts were made, the average number of glands to the segment was found to vary between 0.5 and 64 glands to the segment. The complete series of - counts were as follows, each number representing the average num- ber of glands present to the segment: 0.5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 20, 40, 45, 54, 58, 60, 64. The greatest variation observed in one indi- vidual was between no gland and 42 glands, and the greatest varia- ART. 9 MONIEZIA, A GENUS OF CESTODE WORMS—TAYLOR 5 tion in the group of 15 worms was between no gland and 76 glands to the segment. No attempt was made to count the glands in very young segments, where they were insufficiently formed to be easily recognizable. It was observed that in some worms the number of glands was smaller at the anterior end, increasing toward the terminal segment; while the reverse was true of other worms, and some presented a middle part of the strobila with fewer glands than were seen toward the two extremities. One worm showed only occasional glands in the first 1,600 segments, there being only 303 glands in 777 segments mature enough to show formed glands. a 11. The position of the genital pore. According to the observa- tions made, the position of the genital pore varies only with the state of the muscular contraction of a segment and with the overlap of the previous segment, which may cause it to appear anterior to the middle but never posterior. It seems to be a very poor specific character. 12. Unfortunately no measurements were made of the eggs before staining and mounting the material studied, so that it is impossible to treat with these measurements as with the others. With reference to the W/. planissima type, showing the inter- proglottidal glands arranged in the form of a band, it was possible to obtain only four whole worms and five portions; these were sub- jected to the same kind of examination as that described for the M. expansa group and gave parallel results, the specimens showing great variation between segments in the same worm, and a greater, but not very much greater, variation between segments from different worms. It was not possible to find a constant relationship between any of the various characters dealt with above, and the gradual series of variations shown in the measurements and counts given would suggest very strongly that the characters on which the determination of some species of Moniezia depends are no more than individual variations and have no specific value. Four species call for special mention. M. trigonophora, as men- tioned above, is distinguished by the grouping of the testes into two triangular masses. This character seems to be a very variable one and of seventeen specimens of the /. expansa group examined, only three were found which did not possess some segments in which this was shown. Two worms clearly showed the grouping in every segment and twelve worms showed the two types, some seg- ments with the triangular grouping, and some with the band of testes running across the segment. If the number of segments showing the triangular grouping are expressed as a percentage of all the segments 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 in which testes were plainly seen the series reads as follows, each number representing so many per cent: 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 22, 39, 59, 60, 81, 82, 100, 100. In this connection Stiles and Hassall’s types of this species were examined, and many segments were found in which the triangular arrangement of testes is by no means distinct. As has been shown by G. Theiler, M. planissima may also show this arrangement of testes in some segments, and in this species I have found it to be present in as many as 215 of 335 segments showing recognizable testes. It is therefore concluded that the triangular grouping of the testes is not a good specific character. Moniezia alba has been distinguished by the absence of the inter- proglottidal glands. As reported by Theiler, these glands are sometimes very indistinct, or even absent; and as shown in the writer’s observation there may be actually more segments without these glands than with them. In this connection Perroncito’s type material was examined. The differentiation of the stain is poor in these specimens, which may account for the fact that it was im- possible to find definite interproglottidal glands, but in Stiles and Hassall’s original J/. alba material it was possible to find satisfactory assurance that glands of the linear type were present in some of the segments. Doctor Hassall has informed the writer that at the time of the writing of the joint paper by Stiles and Hassall some doubt was entertained as to the validity of this species. It therefore seems most probable that the absence of interproglottidal glands is not a good specific character. Moniezia conjugens has been described by Sauter as showing both types of interproglottidal glands in the same worm. The writer has not found any specimens of this kind, but has seen in M/. planissima small portions of gland separated from the main strip and having the appearance of the saccular type when examined under a low magnification. However, when greatly magnified these glands are seen to be of the linear type as there is no evidence of any grouping of the gland cells round blind sacs. It is possible that Sauter over- looked this point but it seems preferable to leave his species, pending a reexamination of the original material, as a species inquirenda. Moniezia pallida from the horse has recently been described by Monnig who kindly sent some of his type material to the Bureau of Animal Industry section of the United States National Museum Collection. The distinctive feature of this species is that the folds of the uterus pass ventrally, as well as dorsally, beyond the longi- tudinal excretory vessels. The writer sectioned several segments of this material and in each place found this disposition of the uterus to exist. He also sectioned six segments of M. expansa and four of MM. planissima, each segment from a different worm, and found in ART, 9 MONIEZIA, A GENUS OF CESTODE WORMS—TAYLOR 7 every section that the folds of the uterus passed only dorsally to the longitudinal excretory vessels, occasionally sending a short fold back from the lateral fields ventral to.the vessels, but the folds never passing into the lateral fields by this way. It therefore seems ‘probable that MW. pallida is a valid species. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1. A number of complete specimens of Moniezia of the two groups M. expansa and M. planissima have been stained and examined én toto and a remarkable variation found to occur between the different segments in one worm. Although the range of variation is more marked when different worms are compared, it has been shown that extremes of size and shape and of the number of various parts are linked by a series of intermediates which shows no marked discon- tinuity. It therefore must be concluded that these characters are of no specific value. The range of variation in the material examined does not com- pletely cover the extremes which have been recorded in the descrip- tion of the various species, but it is highly probable that the exami- nation of more material would extend it to include these also. 2. Type material of M/. alba and M. trigonophora has been re- examined and it is proposed to place these two species in synonomy. 3. The validity of the species M/. conjugens is questioned, as speci- mens of W. planissima which at first appeared to possess both the linear and the saccular type of interproglottidal gland were shown on closer examination to have only the linear type. 4. Type material of M. pallida has been re-examined and Monnig’s observations on the passage of the uterine folds ventral as well as dorsal to the longitudinal excretory vessels have been verified. 5. This work has verified the work done by G. Theiler, and it is proposed to synonymise the specific names as follows: (a) Monitezia expansa (Rudolphi, 1810) Blanchard, 1891. Synonyms: : M. oblongiceps Stiles and Hassall, 1893. M. trigonophora Stiles and Hassall in Stiles, 1892. M. minima Marotel, 1912. f M. nullicollis (Moniez, 1891) Blanchard, 1891. (6) Moniezia benedeni (Moniez, 1879), Blanchard, 1891. Synonyms: M. planissima Stiles and Hassall, 1893. M. translucida Jenkins, 1923. M. alba (Perroncito, 1878) Blanchard, 1891. M. triangularis Marotel, 1913. M. latifrons Sauter, 1917. M. crassicollis Sauter, 1917. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 M. parva Sauter, 1917. M. neumanni (Moniez, 1891) Blanchard, 1891. M. pellucida Blei, 1920. M. amphibia v. Linstow, 1901. M. chappuisi Baer, 1923. 6. Three species are validated: M. expansa (Rudolphi, 1810) Blanchard, 1891. M. benedeni (Moniez, 1874) Blanchard, 1891. M. pallida Monnig, 1926. 7. Two species remain as species inquirendae: M. rugosa (Diesing, 1850) Luehe, 1895. M. conjugens Sauter, 1917. BIBLIOGRAPHY Barr, J. G. 1926—Contributions to the helminth-fauna of South Africa. 11. and 12. Rep. Dir. Vet. Educ. and Research, Dept. Agri., Union of South Africa, Pretoria, pp. 63-136, 1 map, figs. 1-48. 1927—-Monographie des cestodes de la famille Anoplocephalidae. Suppl. X an Bull. biol. de France et de Belgique, Paris, 243 pp., 48 figs., 4 pls. DovutrHitTt, H. 1915—Studies on the scetode family Anoplocephalidae. [Iillinois, Biol. Monogr., Urbana, vol. 1, pp. 353-446, pls. 1-6, figs. 1-49. Hatt, M. C. 1927—Parasites and parasitic diseases of sheep. Farmers’ Bull. 1330, U. 8S. Dept. Agri., Washington, 35 pp., figs. 1-34. JENKINS, J. R. W. 1923—On a new species of Moniezia from the sheep, Ovis aries. Ann. Applied Biol., London, vol. 10, pp. 276-286, figs. 1-2, pl. 15. SAUTER, K. 1917—Beitrige zur Anatomie, Histologie, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Sys- tematik der Rindertiinien. (Thesis, Mtinchen), 79 pp., 10 pls., 29 figs. Kulmbach. Stizs, C. W. 1892—-Sur le Taenia expansa Rudolphi. Compt. ‘rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, ser. 9, vol. 4, pp. 665-666. ° 1896—A revision cf the adult tapeworms of hares and rabbits. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington, vol. 19, pp. 145-235, pls. 5-25. Stites, C. W.; and HASSALL, A. ‘ 1893—A revision of the adult cestodes of cattle, sheep, and allied animals. Bull. 4, Bur. Anim. Indust., U. 8. Dept. Agri., Washington, 134 pp., pls. 1-16. THEILER, G. 1924—On the classification of the cestode genus Moniezia (Blanchard, 1891). Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasitol., Liverpool and London, vol. 18, pp. 109-128, figs. 1-12. ArT, 9 MONIEZIA, A GENUS OF CESTODE WORMS—TAYLOR 9 EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 1 Fies. 1, 2, 3, 4. Examples of variation in head and neck of Moniezia expansa. (All four are of the same magnification. ) 5, 6. Two parts of one individual Moniezia expansa showing differ- ent arrangements of testes. PLATE 2 Fies. 7, 8, 9. Three parts of one individual Moniezia expansa showing varying arrangements of testes and scarcity of interproglottidal glands. Only two glands are present in all the segments shown in Figures 8 and 9, and in Figure 7 there are no glands at all. 10. One part of one individual Moniezia expansa showing a variation in the number of interproglottidal glands present in different parts of the strobila. Ra a PLATE 3 Fias. 11, 14. Two parts of one individual Moniezia expansa showing a varia- tion in the number of interproglottidal glands present in differ- ent parts of the strobila. 12, 15. Two parts of one individual Moniezia expansa showing a con- siderable variation in the number of interproglottidal glands in the two different parts of the strobila. 13. Part of one individual specimen of Moniezia planissima showing various arrangements of testes. In Figure 24, the linear type of interproglottidal gland is seen broken into various lengths, the shortest of which might be mistaken for the saccular type of gland. PLATE 4 Fies. 16, 17,18. Three parts of one individual Moniezia expansa showing varia- tion in the arrangement of the testes. 19. Parts of one individual specimen of Moniezia expansa showing large numbers of interproglottidal glands. The individual shown in Figures 10 and 11 is intermediate between these and the worms shown in Figures 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, and 17. PLATE 5 Fias. 20, 21. Parts of two individual specimens of Moniezia planissima showing the various arrangements of testes. In Figure 24 the linear type of interproglottidal gland is seen broken into various lengths, the shortest of which might be mistaken for the saccular type of gland. “ 22,24. Two parts of one individual Moniezia erpansa showing variation in the shape of the segments and a very crowded arrangement of interproglottidal glands. 23. Parts of one individual specimen of Moniezia expansa showing large numbers of interproglottidal glands. The individual shown in Figures 10 and 11 is intermediate between these and the worms shown in Figures 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, and 17. All the figures of portions of strobila are of the same magnification O U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 9, PL. 1 = 6 Bec ae i eiiieiereianpisi isis VARIATIONS IN MONIEZIA EXPANSA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 9 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 9, PL. 2 VARIATIONS IN MONIEZIA EXPANSA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 9 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART., 9 PL. 3 “2c +¢é so. eng Ice he tayo heriatian lati ea atat : a ae sk OS ae : ) es (Brevicipitidae). bi. Tail tip always black; eyes just visible from ventral aspect; back of upper labial edge with black pointed excrescences; lower mandibular prolongation gray; general coloration citrine drab or grayish olive, with mid dorsal of dark grayish olive; venter with white or pale pinkish cinnamon spots; sides of body without striking longitudinal light bands; light band at base of tail musculature not prominent (in alcohol). Outer egg envelope not truncate, mass seldom showing distinct outline of each egg envelope in a mosaic fashion. exas westward to Fort Davis Mountains. (PI. i, fig. 1.) Gastrophryne texensis. al 1U.S. Bar. of Fisheries, Doc. No. 888, 1920, pl. 17, fig. 2. ART. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 3 db}. a’. bl. ce. e}. e?, Tail sometimes with black tip; eyes plainly visible from ventral agpect; inner face of upper labial edge with no black pointed excrescences; lower man- dibular prolongation light; general coloration black with purplish gray or hair brown dots; venter with white or yellowish bands and large blotches; sides of body with same coloration; light band at base of tail musculature prominent (even in alcohol). Egg with truncate outer envelope, giving mass a mosaic appearance on water’s surface. Virginia—Florida—Texas, and up Mississippi River to Indiana. (PI. 1, fig. 5.) Gastrophryne carolinensis. Mouth disk present; upper and lower labial teeth; labial papillae; at least the upper horny beak present; nostril free of mouth; eyes dorsal close together; tail tip rounded. Spiracle median near insertion of hind legs than tip of snout; labial teeth 7-815; Upper labial teeth at least two rows to a ridge; no lower beak; many rows of papillae on edge of lower labium; mouth large and round; anus median; black or blackish brown tadpoles speckled with black; tail may be of body color or spotted with creamy white; upper tail crest not extending on to the body. (After Gaige.) Washington—California. (Pl. 1, fig. 6.).__._Ascaphus truei (Discoglossidae). . Spiracle sinistral; upper labial teeth not with two close rows on each ridge; labial teeth +, 3, %, 3, 4, 3, ¢ to $; upper and lower horny beaks; papillae on lower edge of labium absent or in one or two rows. Anus median; spiracle lateral below the lateral axis (of tail musculature projected) sometimes as much ventral as lateral; upper tail crest extencs on to the body to a vertical nearer hind legs than the spiracle or only half way; viscera visible (in preserved specimens) through the skin of the belly. . Labial teeth = to §; papillae extending completely around the border of the labium except for a short toothed median interval above (sometimes absent in one species); papillary border not emarginate on each side; eyes nearer mid-dorsal line than lateral outline, on lateral axis; tadpoles 24.5-65 mm. in length; spiracle a slit, very low on side, about on the level of the mouth; in general very bronzy tadpoles; myotomes of tail musculature well indi- Cee GHG Us ee OP EOS rs LG Ete nT ee) Sy eee a eo ee (Scaphiopodidae). Teeth &, 3, $, 2; inner papillae present; spiracle equidistant between eye and base of hind legs or vent; eye 1.4-1.8 nearer tip of snout than to the spir- acle, average 1.52; internasal space in interorbital space 1.28—1.83, average 1.56; depth of body 1.75-2.5 in body length, average 2.04; muscular part of tail in depth of tail 1.45—-2.5, average 1.98; last lower row of teeth longer than horny beak. Last lower row of teeth 1.5 times in next to lowest row of teeth. Egg mass an irregular cylinder, at first bandlike. Massachusetts—Florida—Texas, and Arkansas. (PI. 1, fig. 4.) Scaphiopus holbrookii. Teeth 2, 3, 4, $; inner papillae generally absent or scarce; spiracle nearer eye than hind legs or vent; eye 1.0-1.6 nearer tip of snout than to spiracle; depth of body 1.6—2.0 in body length, averages 1.79, 1.9; last lower (fourth) row of teeth less than or 4 of the horny beak. Tadpole large (65 mm.); teeth 4, rarely ? or $; upper fringe of papillae broken in middle by a row of teeth; eye 1.1—1.3 nearer tip of snout than to the spir- acle, average 1.2; muscular part of tail 2.25-2.66 in depth of tail, average 2.43; width of body in its own length 1.55-1.9, average 1.66; depth of body 1.05-1.15 in body width, average 1.09; spiracle 1.25—-1.6 nearer eye than base of hind legs or vent, average 1.37; internasal space 2.5-2.75 in interorbital space, average 2.6; third lower labial row usually broken in 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vor. 74 middie; median interval of second lower row broad; last lower row of teeth 1.75—2.0 times in next to last row of teeth; second upper row usually broken in middle. Egg mass, a loose cylinder, many eggs on stalks. Montana—Texas and westward to Pacific Coast States. (PI. 1, fig. 3.) Scaphiopus hammondii. f?. Tadpole small (24.5 mm.); teeth usually ¢, rarely 2, $, 2 possible #; upper fringe of papillae inconspicuously broken in middle by a row of teeth or not so broken, and first row of teeth is absent; eye i1.0-1.6 nearer tip of snout than to the spiracle, average 1.3; muscular part of tail 2.2—-3.33 in depth of tail, average 2.7; width of body in its own length 1.3—-1.6, average 1.4; depth of body 1.25-1.55 in body width, average 1.35; spiracle 1.5-2.2 nearer eye than base of hind legs or vent, average 1.85; internasal space 1.45—2.3 in interorbital space, average 2.0; third lower labial row continuous; median interval of second lower row very narrow. Last lower row of 2.5-3.0 times in next to lower row of teeth; second upper row not or barely broken in middle; egg mass an irregular cylinder, at first bandlike. Texas—California, “Mexico! “(PIV fig. 2:)222.0 i See Scaphiopus couchii. d?, Labial teeth 3; papillae confined to the sides of the labium (on lower half only in Bufo punctatus) upper and lower edges toothed; papillary border on each side emarginate; eyes slightly nearer laterai outline than mid dorsal line, above lateral axis; spiracle small, a porelike opening; tadpoies QAP 28 hai Aint Vein td 2 RE oe PR hs ps ean) Bufonidae. e!. Papillae only on lower half of lateral margin; or a slight marginal row of 4 to 6 papillae on upper half; no inner papillae normally; third lower row of teeth equal to the ist row of lower labial teeth; median space between lateral parts of the 2nd row of upper labial teeth 2—3 times in either lateral row; horny beak 1.2—1.5 in third lower labial row; tadpoles to 25 mm. One of the blackest Bufo tadpoles; tail musculature evenly dotted with black; venter with light grayish vinaceous spots; eggs single or film or scattered mass on bottom, not in files. Central Texas—California, Utah, Lower California. (PI. 5, fig. 5.) Bufo punctatus. e?, Papillae on upper and lower halves of lateral labial margin; some inner papillae. f'. Bicolor tadpoles, light grayish olive, dark olive buff or clay color; the lightest of our toad tadpoles; in life intestine does not show through the skin of the belly (shows in spirits); third lower row of labial teeth short, 1.8-2.4 in first lower row; third lower row 1.5—2.0 times in the horny beak; median space between lateral parts of the 2nd row of upper labial teeth large, 1—2.0 times greater than either lateral part; depth of tail in length of tail 3.0-3.5; horny beak 1.3-1.4 in first or second lower row of teeth; lower loop of papillae to end of third lower row but not under it, usually not two rows; tail musculature with dark vinaceous drab band to tail tip; below this a pale vinaceous pink band; belly pale vinaceous pink; eggs in files or strings, brown or buffy brown above, cream or straw yellow below; no inner tube. Texas—Mexieo, Arizona. «(P1i°5,/fig; 6.) -1. 4. fa ee oe Bufo compactilis. f?. Black or blackish tadpoles; in life intestine shows through the skin of the belly; third lower row of labial teeth long, 1.2—1.6 in first lower row; third lower row 1.0—-1.5 in horny beak; median space between lateral parts of the 2nd row of upper labial teeth small, contained 2.0—4.9 times in either lateral half, not greater than lateral half. g'. Papillae very faint, minute, at times hard to see but present; third lower row of labial teeth not equal to 1st lower row of teeth, but equal to or greater than horny beak; horny beak in upper fringe 1.2—1.5 in upper fringe, 1.3-1.5 ART. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—-WRIGHT 5 in lst lower row; median space of second upper row 2—4 times in either lateral part of it; upper edge of tail musculature with 8-10 black bars with intervening pale olive buff areas; irregular black or brown band on tail with cartridge buff or iilleul buff on below it; tadpoles to 23 mm. Eggs in files, inner tube, present, one or two rows of eggs. Louisiana—Costa Rica. (Pl. 5, fig. 7.)-.----....-..-.-_--.. Bufo valliceps. g?- Papillae plainly visible. hk): Tadpole to 24 mm.; horny beak in upper fringe 1.75, in first or second lower row 1.5; horny beak equal to or less than the 3rd lower row of teeth; median space between two parts of second upper row 1.4-2.1 in either lateral part; third lower row of teeth in first lower row 1.2-1.4; two or more rows of strong papillae from end of upper fringe to end of third lower row, some- times 3—5 rows at side of labium; lower loop of papillae far below level of third row and with at least two rows of papillae; mouth in interorbital space 1.0—-1.5, average 1.17; mouth larger than internasal space 1.2—1.6, average 1.86; depth of tail in tail length 2.4-4.5, average 3.27; eye nearer snout than spiracle 1.0—-1.57, average 1.2; nostril nearer eye than snout 1.1-1.8, average 1.48. Egg mass long file, inner tube with no partitions. North Carolina—Florida—Louisiana. (Pl. 1, fig. 9.)__...__._.._Bufo terrestris. h?. Tadpole to 27 mm; horny beak in upper fringe 1.2—1.5, in first or second lower row of teeth 1.1—1.2 or 1.2-1.3; horny beak greater than 3rd row of lower labial teeth; median space 1.15—2.0, 1-4, or 1.38—3.0 in either lateral part; third lower row of teeth 1.3—1.5 or 1.4-1.5 in first lower row; one row of weak papillae from upper fringe to end of third lower row of teeth with a few scattering papillae at the side of the labium; lower loop with only two or three scattering papillae beside the outer row of weak papillae; #. Mouth in interorbital distance 0.77—1.0, average 0.92; horny beak in upper fringe 1.2-1.4; horny beak in first or second row 1.1—1.2 times; third row in first lower row 1.3-1.5; depth of tail in tail length 1.25-2.7, average 1.97; spiracle nearer eye than vent 1.04-1.54, average 1.28; eye nearer snout than spiracle 1.0-1.27, average 1.16; mouth larger than internasal space 1.4-2.2, average 1.76; papillae of lower labial loop do not extend under the end of the end of the third row of labial teeth; tail musculature in tail depth 1.26-2.66, average 2.04; internasal space 1.2—1.8 in interorbital distance, average 1.6; spiracle 1.05-1.55 nearer eye than vent, average 1.28. Egg mass long file, partitions, inner tube present. Eastern North America from Hudson Bay southwest. (PI. 1, fig. 7.) Bufo americanus. #. Mouth in interorbital distance 1.07-1.5; horny beak in upper fringe 1.4—1.5; horny beak in first or second row 1.2-1.3; third lower row 1.3-1.6 in first lower row; depth of tail in tail length 2.88—3.83, average 3.33; spiracle nearer eye than vent 1.25—-1.7, average 1.45; eve nearer snout than spiracle 1.0-1.6, average 1.16; mouth larger than internasal space 1.1—1.83, average 1.47; papillae of lower labial loop slightly extend or do not at all extend under the end of the third lower row; tail muscaulature in tail depth 1.6—-2.3, average 1.85, internasal space 1.5—2.16 in interorbital space, average 1.86; spiracle 1.25-1.7 nearer eye than vent or base of hind legs, average 1.45. Egg mass long file, no inner tube, sometimes two rows of eggs. CRalereh)uetPl. whyfig-t Siac heros. bee’ ab tats ote priser pity 2 Beers Bufo. ec’, Anus dextral; spiracle distinctly lateral on or near body axis; d@'. Papillary border on side with an emargination; tadpoles 50-149 mm. ‘in length; papillary fringe on upper labium extends not at all inward beyond the end of the upper fringe of teeth or only 4 to yy of the length of the fringe; length of horny beak in upper fringe of teeth 1.0-1.5 times; labial teeth CoOL ROLES ROLUINOLG sae teh Ree kes Ae TL we (Ranidae.) 6 el, i fr. e?. g?. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Labial teeth $; tadpoles 49-72 mm. in length; dorsal crest very high extend- ing to vertical of the spiracle (Rana sylvatica) or tail broader nearer its tip than at its body insertion, rounded, spatulate, or elliptical (R. boylii sserrae); upper fringe of teeth about 1.5 times the length of the horny beak. Tadpole to 49 mm.; dorsal crest very high, extends on to the body to vertical of the spiracle; tail tip acuminate; tail musculature begins to taper at once; dorsal crest higher in cephalic hali; depth of tail in length of tail 1.9-3.1, average 2.5; spiracle 1.5—-2.0 nearer base of hind legs or vent than tip of snout, average 1.75; nostril to snout equidistant to nostril to eye; internasal space in interorbital space 1.7—2.9, average 2.5; depth of body 1.08-1.23 in body width, average 1.14; depth of body 1.66—2.0 in body length, average 1.78; second upper lateral row about 2 of the upper fringe of teeth; the median space between the lateral portions of this second row 0.4—9.8 times either lateral portion; the third upper row is 4 to $ of the upper fringe; fourth lower row of teeth is 74 to 74 of the first lower row; spiracle 1.0-1.48 nearer eye (5.0-6.0 mm.) than base of hind Jegs or vent (5.4-7.6 mm.). Egg mass submerged, globular. Ontario—Nova Scotia, south to South Carolina. (PI. 3, fig. 5.) Rana sylvatica. Tadpole to 72 mm.; dorsal crest low extending on to body to a vertical twice nearer hind legs than spiracle; tail tip rounded, elliptical or spatulate; tail musculature for an inch or more does not taper; dorsal crest narrow in cephalic half; depth of tail in length of tail 2.5-5.7, average 4.0; depth of body 1.1—-1.8 in body width, average 1.43; depth of body in body length 2.0-3.0, average 2.325; spiracle 1.0—1.33 nearer base of hind legs or vent than tip of snout, average 1.17; spiracle 1.45-2.375 nearer eye (4.0-8.0 mm.) than base of hind legs or vent (5.8-12.0 mm.), average 2.05; young tadpoles oceasionally with teeth $ rarely 3; nostril 1.0-1.75 nearer the eye than snout; internasal space 1.3-2.0 in interorbital space, average 1.5; second upper lateral row 4 to % of the upper fringe; median space between lateral portions of second upper row 1.0—2.3 times either lateral part; the third upper row is § to 7'y of the upper fringe; the fourth lower row of teeth is 4 to 4 of the first lower row. (Pl. 3, fig. 4.)__._________-- Rana boylii sierrae. Labial teeth } occasionally $ rarely 4; tadpoles 74-150 mm. in length; dorsal crest not extending to vertical of the spiracle, but usually just ahead of the buds of the hind legs; tail always elliptical not spatulate; upper fringe of teeth equal to or slightly larger (never 1.5 times) the horny beak. . Tadpoles 74-84 mm.; tadpoles usually transform the same season they are born; transformation sizes 18-30 mm. average 24 mm. (except R. aesopus) ; tadpoles (except in R. aesopus) not strongly pigmented on belly, viscera plainly showing through skin (in spirit specimens). Egg mass globular or plinthlike beneath surface of water. . Body in tail 2.15-2.85, average 2.6; depth of tail in length of tail 2.6-3.5, average 3.0; nostril 1.0-1.5 nearer eye than snout, average 1.25; eye 1.0-1.3 nearer spiracle than snout, average 1.12; median space between the second upper labial row 1.0—2.0 times the length of either lateral part of this row; third lower row 0.33—0.66 shorter than the first or second rows; tail covered with large prominent dark spots; belly strongly pigmented, in spirits it looks white, viscera not visible. South Carolina—Florida—Louisiana (Viosea). (Pl. 2, fig. 4.)._.Rana aesopus. Body in tail 1.3-2.2, averages (1.53, 1.6, 1.7); depth of tail in length of tail 2.3-3.4, averages 2.7, 2.65, 3.0; belly not strongly pigmented, in spirits dark, viscera show through the skin. < | ART. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT . ht. Median space in second upper labial row 2-4 times the length of either lateral h. .. a. 9’. hi. part; third row of lower labial teeth 0.33-0.66 shorter than the first or second rows, usually at least 0.50; eye nearer the snout than spiracle or equidistant; nostril nearer eye than tip of snout; depth of tail in length of tail 2.3-3.2, average 2.7; spiracle 1.5—-1.8 nearer eye than snout, average 1.63. Hudson Bay—Louisiana and Eastern States. (PI. 2, fig. 3.)--Rana palustris. Median space 0.5-1.0 or 1.0—-1.5 times either lateral part of the second upper row; third row of labial teeth 0.22 or 0.285-0.33 shorter than the first lower row; depth of tail in length of tail 2.0-2.8 or 2.7—3.4. Median space of second upper row 0.5-1.0 times either lateral part; third lower row of teeth 0.285-0.33 shorter than the first lower row; nostril to snout equal to nostril to eye; eye 1.15-1.3 nearer tip of snout than spiracle average 1.2; body length in tail length 1.35-1.66, average 1.5; mouth 0.9-1.6 larger internasal space; depth of tailin length of tail 2.0-2.88, average 2.65; tail crest usually with white prominent dark spots; greatest length of tadpole 74 mm.; spiracle 1.1-1.86 nearer eye than snout, average 1.46. Southeastern States-Louisiana. (Pl. 2, fig. 2.)----Rana sphenocephala. Median space 1.0-1.5 times either lateral part; third lower row 0.22 shorter than the first lower row; nostril 1.1-1.5 nearer the eye than snout; eye nearer spiracle than snout 1.1-1.3; body length in tail length 1.3-2.0, average 1.7; mouth larger than internasal space; depth of tail in length of tail 2.7—3.4, average 3.0; tail crest usually translucent with fine spots or pencilings; greatest length of tadpole 84 mm.; spiracle 1.4-1.86 nearer eye than snout, average 1.59. North America east of Sierra Nevada southward into Mexico. (PI. 2, fig. 5.) Rana pipiens. . Tadpoles 84-142 mm.; tadpoles usually winter over at least one season; transformation sizes 28-59 mm. (except R. virgatipes 25-35 mm., possibly R. onca); tadpoles usually with strongly pigmented bellies, viscera not plainly showing through the skin (in spirit specimens). . Tadpole with prominent continuous black crest margins and a black muscula- ture band; belly blusish; tadpoles to 95 mm.; young tadpoles black with transverse yellowish band on the body; spiracle 0.86-1.2 nearer vent or base - of hind legs than snout, average 1.0; spiracle 0.85-1.2 nearer eye than base of hind legs or vent, i. e., usually equidistant; eye equidistant from spiracle and tip of snout; muciferous crypts very distinct; spiracle below lateral axis; tail tip acuminate; second upper labial row in upper fringe 4 to 4; upper fringe distinctly greater than horny beak; median space between two parts of second upper labial row 1 to 11% of either lateral part; third lower labial row equal to horny beak; third lower labial row longer than single row of lower papillae; third lower labial row 14 to 4% shorter than first lower row. Eggs unknown. South Carolina—Florida. (PI. 3, figs. 1, 2.)_-------------- Rana heckscheri. Tadpole without black crest margins or lateral band; belly white, cartridge buff, buff or yellow to maize yellows; no transverse yellow band in young tadpoles; spiracle nearer vent than snout 1.1—1.8; spiracle to eye rarely less than 1.25 greater than spiracle to vent; eye near tip of snout than spiracle 1-1.4; second upper labial row in upper fringe 44 to 4s; upper fringe equal to or slightly greater than horny beak; median space in either lateral part 114 to 11; third lower labial row much less (about 114) than horny beak; third lower row much shorter or equal to single row of lower labial papillae. Tadpoles to 140 mm.; eye well above lateral axis; muciferous crypts indistinct; spiracle just below lateral axis; spiracle 1.08-1.44 nearer base of hind legs or vent than tip of snout, average 1.26; depth of tail in tail length of tail 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 2.4-3.5, average 2.8; tail tip obtuse; second upper row in upper fringe % to %; median space in second upper row 1) in either lateral part; third lower row in first lower row 4 to % shorter; teeth % rarely %. Transformation size 43-59 mm. Egg mass, surface film. North America east of Rockies. (Pl. 2, fig. 1.)_..._.__u__ Rana catesbeiana. h?. Tadpoles to 84-100 mm.; eye on or just above lateral axis; tail tip acute or acuminate (rounded in R. onca) teeth %; second upper row in upper fringe ¥% to 45; median space in second upper row 2.5-11 in either lateral part; third lower row in first lower row 4 to % shorter. a. Depth of tail in length of tail 1.45-1.8, average 1.7; tail tip acuminate; dorsal crest equal or less than tail musculature; muciferous crypts indistinct; spiracle 1.08—-1.44 nearer vent than snout; mouth in interorbital distance 1.5-2.37, average 1.94; internasal space in interorbital distance 1.8—2.6, average 2.16; second upper row ¥% to of the upper fringe; median space of second upper row 214 to 41% times either lateral row; third lower row 1.5 less than horny beak, much shorter than single row of lower labial papillae and % shorter than first lower row of teeth; first row of lower teeth equal to horny beak. Transformation size 32 or 37-48 mm.; egg mass, a surface film. Georgia, Florida—Louisiana; «(Pl 3 fig? )wszeate) a2 eet Rana grylic. #. Depth of tail in length of tail 2.5-4.7 averages 3.1-3.87; tail tip acute; dorsal crest less than tail musculature; muciferous crypts distinct; spiracle 1.07- 1.8, nearer vent than snout; mouth in interorbital distance 1.8—-1.8, aver- age 1.5; internasal space in interorbital space 1.25-2.0 averages 1.6—-1.75; second upper row ¥% to \%s5 of the upper fringe; first lower row of teeth equal to or greater than horny beak; spiracle 1.1-1.8 nearer vent than snout. j}. Tadpoles to 99 mm.; transformation sizes at 29-38 mm.; depth of tail in length of tail 3.2-4.7, average 3.87; spiracle just touches lateral axis; eye just above lateral axis; spiracle 1.06-1.88 nearer eye than base of hind legs or vent, average 1.24; spiracle 1.25-1.6 nearer eye than vent, 1.45; mouth in interorbital distance 1.3-1.75, average 1.55; width of body in its own length 1.3-2.1, average 1.56; third lower labial row of teeth 1.25 less than horny beak, about equal to single row of lower labial papillae, 14 shorter than first lower row; sometimes a row of inner papillae below the third lower row of teeth; median space in second upper labial row 3.5-4.5 times either lateral portion; second upper row % to %s5 of the upper fringe; belly straw yellow, colonial buff or deep colonial buff; tail with round cartridge buff or pinkish cinnamon spots; no black line in dorsal crest as in Rana grylio or R. virgatipes. Eggs in a compact submerged mass. Hudson Bay—Minnesota, New York-New England. (PI. 3, fig. 3.) Rana septentrionalis. 72. Tadpoles to 92 mm.; transformation sizes at 25-38 mm.; depth of tail in length of tail 2.5-3.7, spiracle just below lateral axis; eye on lateral axis; third lower labial row of teeth 1.5—1.25 less than horny beak, much shorter than single row of lower labial papillae, almost % shorter than first lower row; median space of second upper row 6-11 times the length of either lateral portion; second upper row %5 to \%s of the upper fringe. k', Spiracle nearer vent than snout 1.35-1.8; mouth 1.3—1.8 times in interorbital distanee, average 1.5; width of body in its own length 1.25-1.7, average 1.47; belly deep cream color; tail green mottled with brown and covered with fine yellow spots. Egg mass, surface film. Canada—Louisiana—Florida-New England. (PI. 3, fig. 6.).._Rana clamitans. ART. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—-WRIGHT 9 k?. Spiracle nearer vent than snout 1.07—1.45, averages 1.23-1.3; mouth 1.0-1.37 in interorbital distance, average 1.12. lt. Teeth % or %; no inner papillae or few inner papillae from end of the upper fringe to the end of lower labial row; no row of finer papillae below third lower row of teeth; spiracle nearer eye than vent 1.1—1.75, average 1.43; nostril nearer eye than snout, 1.1—1.9, average 1.5; tadpoles (our material 42 mm.) medium; width of body in body length 1.6—2.0, average 1.77; second upper row % to % of the upper fringe; belly pure white or pale cinnamon pink; tail musculature with black clusters outlining cartridge buff areas; upper tail crest sometimes reticulated with black dots. Lower crest except for caudal half free of spots. Eggs unknown. Transforma- tion size unknown. Utsheand: Nevadas Chl b i figi2.)o Dut 82 wont Tera tel je bay Bis Rana onca. 2, Teeth } or 4; four to six rows of inner papillae from end of upper fringe to end of lower labial row; a row of heavy inner papillae below the third lower row of teeth; spiracle nearer eye than vent 1.42—182, average 1.62; nostril nearer eye than snout; 1.0-1.42, average 1.2; width of body in body length 1.45-1.86, average 1.6; tadpoles large (92 mm.); second upper row 7s or ys of the upper fringe or second upper row absent; belly pale chaleedony yellow, sulpher yellow, vinaceous, pale grayish vinaceous or vinaceous buff; tail: wpper tail crest with a black line or row of large black spots, more prominent than in R. grylio; middle of musculature with another black line, tail dark with pale chalcedony yellow spots. Transformation size 25-35 mm. Eggs a submerged mass. New Jersey—Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia. (Pl. 5, fig. 1.).. Rana virgatipes. d?. Papillary border on side of labium without an emargination; tadpoles 23-50 momedongih> labialteeth:¢ or 44 ¢ 2. soRaint wes ln es (Hylidae.) e!. Labial teeth $; eye dorsal just inside the lateral outline in dorsal aspect (more like Ranids); eye 1.0-1.66 (av. 1.22), nearer tip of snout than spiracle; depth of tail in length of tail 3.25—-5.0, average 4.0; suborbital region oblique not vertical; spiracle to eye usually equal distance from spiracle to vent or base of hind legs; spiracle plainly showing from dorsum; spiracular tube in life stands out at an angle from the body and opening is apart from the body proper; tail tip conspicuously black (at times lost); papillary border does not extend above the end of the upper fringe (like Rana); length of horny beak in upper fringe of teeth 1.2-1.35 times; eggs single, rarely a mass. New York—Florida—Texas, up Mississippi Valley to Canadian Northwest. (Bie hig) Ae Sel J oite.O8 P7ip0g i999. O) SON ul soas ty wor Acris. e?, Labial teeth usually ? (rarely #); eye lateral, visible from ventral as well as the dorsal aspect; eye 1.0-1.75 nearer the spiracle than tip of snout; depth of tail in length of tail 1.6—4.4, average 2.1-3.55; suborbital region vertical; spiracular tube in life parallel with body and opening at inner edge closely connected with or near to body proper. Hylidae exclusive of Acris. f'. Labial teeth 3. g'. Teeth normally %; tadpole to 23 mm.; spiracle 1.4-1.9 nearer base of hind legs or vent than tip of snout, average 1.42; nostril to eye 1.37—2.0 in nostril to snout, average 1.6; tail crests very clear with fine elongate fleckings; tail musculature with black brown lateral band with light area below; single row of papillae on lower labial border below second lower row of teeth; upper fringe somewhat angulate in middle (like H. femoralis) ; 10 q?. f?. . Third row of labial teeth short, shorter than horny beak or 0.20—0.40 of the hi, 42 }. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 median space between the second upper rows of teeth 414 to 5 in either lateral row; ends of second lateral row extending not atall or only slightly above the end of the upper fringe; horny beak about 1.5 in upper fringe. Eggs irregular mass. (PI. 1, fig. 11.)---__---- woe fee Pseudacris (Buffalo). Teeth occasionally %; tadpole to 33 mm.; spiracle 2.0-2.6 nearer base of hind legs than tip of snout, average 2.16; nostril to eye 2.0 in nostril to snout; tail crests clear, heavily pigmented with purplish black blotches on the outer edge; no prominent dark lateral band with a clear light band below; upper fringe not perceptibly angulate in the middle; two rows of papillae on lower labial border below second lower row of teeth; median space between second upper rows of teeth 2-3 in either lateral row; ends of second lateral row extending 4 to 3; horny beak 1.75-2.25 in length from one end of lateral row to end of the other lateral row. Eggs, single, submerged. Manitoba—New Brunswick, South Carolina, Louisiana. (PI. 4, fig. 1.) Hyla crucifer. Labial teeth ?. first lower row in length; upper fringe slightly or not angulate at all; no flagellum ordinarily present; tadpoles 23-50 mm.; light papillary devel- opment, lower labial corner not with 3 or 4 strong rows of papillae; one or “two rows of papillae below third lower row of teeth; the papillae extend above and beyond the end of the upper fringe for about 0.14—0.285 of the length of the upper fringe. Tadpoles 23-33 mm.; eye equidistant between spiracle and tip of snout; spiracle 1.4-2.6 nearer vent or base of hind legs than tip of snout; spiracle 1.0-1.6 nearer eye than vent; papillae extend above the fringe for 0.16—0.25 of the length of the fringe. . Musculature with no distinct brown lateral band with light area below; crests usually heavily pigmented with purplish black blotches on outer rim; nostril to eye in nostril to snout 2.0; depth of tail in tail length 2.4-3.15, average 2.7; spiracle 2.0-2.6 nearer vent than snout, average 2.16; no papillae below third lower labial row of teeth, thus appearing as a goatee; median space between second upper labial row 2-8 in either lateral portion; horny beak in upper fringe 1.75—2.25. Eggs single, submerged}; ;;-(Pli 4) figs 1.)2e229- foc: ech. salsncd_ = Hyla crucifer. . Musculature with a distinct brown lateral band with light area below; crests usually clear with fine scattered fleckings, sometimes with fleckings gathered nearer outer rim; one or two rows of papillae below the third lower labial row of teeth; nostril to eye in nostril to snout 1.25-2.0; depth of tail in tail length 2.9-4.4, average 3.4, 3.55; spiracle 1.15-2.1 nearer vent than snout, average 1.5-1.875; median space between second upper labial row 214 or 3-7 in either lateral portion; horny beak in upper fringe 1.5—2.0. Dorsal crest to vertical of spiracle; spiracle 1.0—1.66 (average 1.83) nearer eye than vent; spiracle 1.15-1.95 (average 1.5) nearer vent than snout; mouth 1.0—1.25 larger than internasal space; two rows of papillae below third lower row of teeth; third labial lower row 0.25—0.33 of the first lower row; first and second lower labial rows 1.25-1.6 greater than the horny beak; horny beak in upper fringe 1.5-1.75; median space between second row of upper row 24% or 3-7 in either lateral portion. (PI. 1, fig. 12.) Pseudacris (Raleigh). Dorsal crest to vertical midway between spiracle and eye; spiracle equidistant between eye and vent; spiracle 1.7—2.1 (average 1.875) nearer vent than snout; mouth and internasal space equal; one row of papillae below the ART. J1 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 11 h?. a -, Pr. ki, third lower row of teeth; third lower labial row of teeth 0.33 of the first lower row; dorsum of body in life with definite scattered black spots; muscula- ture with three bands, apricot buff (light) chestnut brown (dark) martius yellow (light); first and second lower labial rows 2.0 greater than the horny beak; horny beak in upper fringe 2.0; median space between second row of upper labial teeth 3—4 in either lateral portion. Eggs single. South Carolina—Florida—Louisiana (Viosea). (Pl. 1, fig. 13.) Pseudacris ocularis. Tadpoles 35-50 mm.; eye 1.0—-1.75 nearer spiracle than snout; spiracle 1.0— 1.6 nearer vent than the tip of the snout; spiracle 1.25-2.5 nearer eye than vent or base of hind legs; papillae extend above the upper fringe for 1.4— 0.285 of the length of the fringe. Tadpoles 50 mm. in length; body in tail 2.38-8.25, average 2.5; depth of body in width of body 0.83—1.0, average 0.9; depth of tail 10-14 mm.; beautiful green tadpoles; young tadpoles with a black saddle spot on the back of the musculature near its base and with a light line from eye to tail; one row of papillae below lower third labial row; papillae extending above upper fringe for 0.25—0.285 of the fringe’s length; dorsal crest extending to a vertical half- way between eye and spiracle. Eggs single, submerged. South Carolina—Florida—Louisiana (Viosea). (Pl. 4, fig. 2.)--Hyla gratiosa. Tadpoles 35-45 mm.; body in tail 1.1—2.0, average 1.6; depth of body in width of body 1.0—-1.8; depth of tail 5-9 mm.; no black saddle spot in young tadpoles. . Tadpole small (35 mm.); dorsal crest extending to vertical halfway between spiracle and the base of the hind legs; depth of tail in tail length 2.5-3.5, average 3.0; nostril to eye 1.2—2.1 in nostril to snout; mouth in interorbital space 1.33-2.6; internasal space in interorbital distance 1.33-2.2; eye just touches lateral axis or is below it; horny beak in upper fringe, 1.5—1.7; papillae extending beyond the end of the upper fringe 0.25—-0.285 of the length of the upper fringe; two rows of papillae below third lower labial row; median space between second upper labial row 1.25-2.0 in either lateral portion; third lower labial row 0.20—0.22 of the first lower row; first row of lower labial teeth 1.0—-1.5 times the horny beak. Eggs strewn in water amongst sphagnum (Noble and Noble). New Jersey—South Carolina. (PI. 4, fig. 3.)-------__------ Hyla andersonii. Tadpole medium (40 and 45mm.). Dorsal crest extends ahead of spiracle or to eye; depth of tail in tail length 1.5-3.2, average 2.75; nostril to eye 1.0-1.7 in nostril to snout; mouth in interorbital space 1.4—2.0: internasal in interorbital space 1.25-2.0; eye on lateral axis; papillae extending be- yond end of upper fringe 1.4-2.5 of the length of the upper fringe; median space in second upper labial row 3-5 in either lateral portion; third labial row 0.25-0.40 of the first labial lower row; first row of lower labial teeth 1.0-1.3 greater than the horny beak. Dorsal crest to the vertical halfway between spiracle and the eye; depth of body in body length 1.7—2.5; muscalature of tail in depth of tail 1.75—2.4, average 1.9; spiracle 1.4—-2.3 nearer eye than vent; mouth 1.0—1.4 larger than internasal space, average 1.25; two rows of papillae below the third lower row of labial teeth; papillae extend beyond the end of the upper fringe 0.22—0.25 of the length of the fringe; horny beak in upper fringe 2.0—2.3; third labial lower row 0.25—0.40 the length of the first lower row. Eggs surface or submerged irregular mass. Virginia—Florida—Texas-—Illinois. (Pl. 4, fig. 4.)..-..__._-___-- Hyla cinerea 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 k?. Dorsal crest extending to the vertical of the posterior edge of the eye; depth of body in body width 1.5-2.0; muscalature in depth of tail 2.3-2.8, average 2.5; spiracle 1.6-1.75 nearer eye than snout; mouth 1.0-1.2 larger than internasal space; one row of papillae below the third lower labial row of teeth; papillae extend beyond the end of the upper fringe 0.14-0.20 of the length of the upper fringe; horny beak in upper fringe 1.4—-1.8; third labial lower row 0.25-0.33 the length of the first lower row. Eggs loose irregular mass. Vancouver—Lower California, Nevada. (PI. 4, fig. 5.)_.-.------- Hyla regilla. g?. Third row of labial teeth long, longer than horny beak, or 0.75-1.00 of the first lower row in length; upper fringe very angulate in middle; flagellum on tail; tadpoles 32-50 mm.; heavy papillary development, lower labial corner with three or four rows of papillae; two more or less complete rows of papillae below third row of teeth (except in Hyla arenicolor); papillae extend above and beyond the end of the upper fringe for about 0.30-0.40 the length of the upper fringe. hl. Third lower labial row 0.80—-1.00 of the length of the first lower row; dorsal crest extends to the vertical halfway from hind legs to spiracle, to spiracle or halfway from spiracle to eye; dorsal crest equal to, greater or less than depth of tail musculature; tadpoles 36-50 mm.; red may be present in the tail; tail crest distinctly or more or less clear of spots next the musculature; tail heavily blotched with dark blotches or spots. i!, Medium space between lateral upper rows 5.0—10.0 times in either lateral row; spiracle 1.44-2.5 nearer eye than vent; width of body in its own length 1.6-2.1; eye 1.0-1.7 nearer spiracle than tip of snout; tail sometimes suf- fused with coral red, coral pink, or ‘‘reddish”’ or ‘‘orange.”’ j!. Medium space between lateral upper rows of teeth contained 6.0—10.0 in either lateral row; 1st. and 2nd lower rows of teeth 1.4-1.6 greater than horny beak; mouth equal to internasal space; depth of tail in length of tail 1.6—2.75, average 2.25; muscular part of tail in depth of tail 1.8-2.3, average 2.1; depth of body 1.33-2.2 in body length, average 1.68; dorsal crest usually equal to or greater than musculature depth; center of belly solid sulphur yellow; tail 3-5 banded; light lateral band bounded below and above by a brown band; flagellum clear of pigment; body olivaceous black. Eggs a surface film. North Carolina—Florida—Texas. (PI. 4, figs. 7, 9.)-.---------- Hyla femoralis. j?. Medium space between lateral upper rows contained 5.0-10.0 times in either lateral row; first and second lower rows of teeth 1.5—2.0 greater than horny beak; third lower row of teeth may be equal to or slightly shorter than the first lower row; no or few papillae beneath the third lower row of teeth, surely not a complete row; mouth in internasal space 0.83-1.7, average 1.3; depth of tail in length of tail 2.85-5.15, average 3.75; musculature of tail in depth of tail 1.28—1.76, average 1.6; depth of body in body length 1.75-2.3, average 2.0; dorsal crest half way to or to vertical of the spiracle; dorsal crest less than the musculature; flagellum or tail tip spotted; body greenish olive or deep olive; center of belly solid pale cinnamon pink. Western Texas (Devil’s River, Fort Davis Mountains., ete.)—Utah, Cali- fornia, Mexico. Eggs single, submerged (Atsatt and Storer). (Pl. 5, fig. 3.)_-Hyla arenicolor. t'. Medium space between lateral upper rows contained 3.25—5.0 times in either lateral row; spiracle 1.12—1.5 nearer eye than vent; eye about equidistant between spiracle and tip of snout; internasal space in mouth 0.7—1.0; dorsal crest extends to vertical of spiracle or half way between eye and spiracle; dorsal crest equal to or greater than musculature depth; muscular part of ART. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 13 tail in depth of tail 1.72—-1.9, average 1.8; depth of tail in length of tail 3.1-4.0; width of body in its own length 1.3-1.7; no lateral bands in tail; tail more or less scarlet or orange vermillion with black blotches more prominent near the margins of the crests. Bodies olive green; belly conspicuously white or very light cream. Eggs a suface film. Minnesota—Texas—Maine—Florida. (Pl. 4, fig. 8.)_-.....---Hyla versicolor. h?. Third labial lower row 0.75 of the length of first row; dorsal crest extends to the vertical of the posterior edge of the eye; dorsal crest usually less than depth of the musculature; tadpoles to 32 mm.; width of body in its own length 1.7—2.2, average 1.875; depth of tail in length of tail 2.2-3.3, average 2.8; third lower row of teeth not equal to first lower row; median space between lateral upper rows contained 3.25-5.0 times in length of either lateral row; papillae extends above and beyond the ends of the upper fringe for 0.3—0.33 of the upper fringe; horny beak in upper fringe 1.8—2.0; no bands nor red in tail; tail crest clear, wniformly sprinkled with distinct black dots; body greenish (like H. cinerea or Hyla gratiosa); belly testaceous, or chaleedony yellow. Eggs single, submerged. : Texas—Indiana—Florida—Virginia. (Pl. 4, fig. 6.)_-._._--------- Kyla squirella. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THIRTY-FOUR MATURE TADPOLES, MOSTLY FROM EASTERN AND SOUTHERN UNITED STATES Each color description from life was made in the field. The topics of general appearance, mouth parts, relative measurements, and largest measurements are based on preserved material. Several species collected during the southwestern trips of 1917 and 1925, such as Bufo compactilis, Bufo valliceps, and Bufo punctatus, are not included. GASTROPHRYNE TEXENSIS (Girard) Plate 6, figure 3 Color description from life (May 27, 1925).—Dorsal parts citrine drab or grayish olive or light grayish olive or even deep grayish olive. In minute appearance the dorsum is smoke gray or a pale smoke gray. In fact, the tadpole sometimes in general looks drab. Hind legs, if developing, same colors as dorsum; with black or dark grayish olive cross bands on the toes; one or two bands on the tibia. Belly.—#ither side of middle for one-third to one-sixth inch is a clear line of pale grayish vinaceous or light vineceous fawn. Between these lines the belly is light vinaceous purple. In chin region and lower belly pale pinkish cinnamon areolar areas more or less outlined by dots of black. Just ahead of the branchial pore two clear tilleul buff lines with considerable clear black between them. Tail.—White or pale cinnamon pink band from body on muscula- ture one-third inch or more in length, distinct, and in middle of musculature. Above and below tail musculature spotted smoke gray, or light grayish olive and black or citrine drab and black. Rest of 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 tail musculature almost clear citrine drab except for lower rim or edge: Most of dorsal crest and caudal tip at lower crest heavily spotted with large black spots and these on the outer half of the crest. Tail tip almost completely black. Space between black more or less colonial buff or sulphur yellow. In G. texensis, tadpoles are grayish in cast, not so purplish or brownish as in G. carolinensis. Venter and side of belly with round light areas but not prominent stripes as in G. carolinensis. In alcohol, light bands on basal tail musculature on sides remain in @. carolinensis. There is no prominent bands of this sort or faintly so in G@. texensis and in alcohol they are not apparent. General appearance.—Tadpole small (23 mm.), flat, wide, less ellip- tical or round than that of G. carolinensis; snout less truncate than in G. carolinensis. Tail medium, obtuse or rounded, regularly with black tip. Dorsal or ventral crest not equal to musculature. The dorsal crest at least to the vertical of the developimg hind legs. Spiracle median as in G. carolinensis. Anus median as in G. carolin- ensis. Eye on lateral axis but less so than in G. carolinensis and not so plainly visible from ventral aspect. Canthus more or less as in G. carolinensis. Muciferous crypts indistinct. Mouth parts—Teeth ®. No horny mandibles; no labial teeth; no papillae; upper labial edge very black and emarginate in the middle. In G. terensis this edge is very much more black and prominent than in G. carolinensis. On the back of this edge appear little black ex- crescences or points not observed in G. carolinensis. In center of lower labium is a gray-colored median beaklike prolongation. Measurements.—Length of body (10-11 mm.) in tail (12-i5.4 mm.) 1.09—-1.54, average 1.28. Width (6.0—7.5) of body in its own length 1.44-1.66, average 1.52. Depth (4.0-6.0) of body 1.25-1.75 in body width, average 1.49. Depth of body 1.83-2.47 in body length, average 2.26. Depth (3.6—4.4) of tail in length of tail 3.-3.5, average 3.3. Muscular part (2.8-3.4) 1.17—1.46 in depth of tail, average 1.29. The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm Total lengvhy 2s 02 ses! a. Jones 25. ‘0 Spitagle to.vent-2 =. pue ee eee Bodylesoths <2 7.7. Seto teae oS IG 0” “Spiracte to eyes 52 SLO ee Dod y epi sl eser Vee ee AVA By esto sno ute. 2 Sane ok Sele ee 3. 0 Body iwidthi sS0C pe iILU Le Au 6.°D)'| bye te widsthih. Y Lhe" Fae a _ ORB Wail lengthes foo ee ee ae 115342 |'¢Nostril to jsnoute2e ew ei ae ailtdepthy: nels sees Rae 445 Mouth... sco oe iss., Oe ye A ae 4.0 Musculature of tail___..-__-__- 3.0 | Interorbital distance______---_- 4.0 Spiracle tosnoute sea sees ee Internasal distance... 22>) 2) 22 eee Apr. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 15 GASTROPHRYNE CAROLINENSIS (Holbrook) Plate 6, figure 1 Color description from life (July 7, 1921).—General color black, overlaid with very fine light purplish gray or quaker drab or hair- brown dots. Transverse stripe of belly divided in middle and apricot yellow or buff yellow in color. Along either side of belly a light buff stripe. Another such stripe on either side of the gill region. Sometimes whole venter with small light buff or pale orange yellow spots heaviest on belly and sides and lightest on throat. The inter- spaces are purplish gray, violet gray or plumbeous. Tail with light buff or white stripe along middle or muscular part of tail. After the first one-half inch, the stripe breaks up into spots, which finally disappear caudally. Above and below this con- tinuous stripe is clear black. Above this black is light purplish gray or quaker drab dots. Quaker drab not in lower crest. Lower and upper crests on caudal half with muscular part heavily blotched with black or rather light purplish gray or hair brown giving the tail tip almost a black appearance. General appearance.—Tadpole small (26.4 mm.), flat, wide, ellip- tical, snout sometimes somewhat truncate. Tail medium, obtuse or rounded, sometimes with black tip. Dorsal and ventral crests not equal to depth of the musculature. The dorsal crest scarcely extends onto the body, reaching a vertical somewhat ahead of developing hind legs. Spiracle median, closely associated with anus, just ahead of it, not very apparent until hind legs begin to appear, when it becomes separated from the anus. Hye is on the lateral axis, distinctly lateral in position. From one eye to snout and around to the other eye the tadpole has a prominent canthus made by the flat ventral and dorsal sides of the head. Anus median at the end of the edge of the ventral crest. Muciferous crypts indistinct. Mouth parts —Teeth ?. No horny mandibles; no labial teeth; no papillae; upper labial edge dark and quite emarginate in the middle; just below this emargination is a lower light-colored median beak like prolongation on the margin of the lower labium. Measurements.—Length of body (9.2-10.8 mm.) in tail (9.8-16.4 mm.) 1.06-1.77, average 1.37. Width (6.8-8.0 mm.) of body in its own length 1.3-1.65, average 1.43. Depth (4.4-5.0 mm.) of body 1.35-1.65 in body width, average 1.5. Depth of body 2.0-2.3 in body length, average 2.15. Depth (3.2-5.0 mm.) of tail in length of tail 2.4-4.25, average 3.15. Muscular part (2.4-3.6 mm.) 1.16- 1.66 in depth of tail, average 1.32. Spiracle just in front of vent. Nostril within lateral edge of mouth fold. Mouth (2.0-3.0 mm.) contained 1.5-2.25 (average 1.93) in interorbital distance (4.5-6.5 mm). 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm Totallengthls _ 1 nse le wt 26.4.1 Spinacte;to: vent on. 40. Soi By eee Bodyitength.2 . We eos s-—>. 6 Lek 10.:0 {aSpivacleto*éye:) _ NOL POS. YOM. 2 Bodyidepthije 234 4s se eee 4:18 )|cHyertownoutic o. 2k eee 4.4 Body widaur. | 23 ee te 7.00) Byeu.to, nostril. a9 eS ee Teal deme che. 2 ese 2 2s ark gee 16.4) INostril to smawi! i Sh is Se ee Tailidepthes Sie Pee fe) 5 se ie 2 50M) Mloubhe 20 0es ee. ees eee 2. 4 Musculature of tail___-___----- 3. 0 | Interorbital distance__-_------- 4.8 Spiracle to'snout/204) 4 JLo. Jib. Tnternasal distance 2220) [oh oites SCAPHIGPUS HOLBROOKT (Harlan) Plate 6, figure 6 Color description from life (June 23, 27, 1922).—General appear- ance bronzy. Upper parts brownish drab, benzo brown, vinaceous drab. Upper parts with many close set spots of apricot orange or vinaceous tawny which on the top of upper tail crest become merged into a conspicuous bittersweet orange ridge of color. Throat and gill region with little of the orange vinaceous spots of upper parts. Gills can be seen through the skin. Spots on belly clear yellow green in places. Tail.—Muscular part brownish drab, benzo brown, vinaceous drab. Crests translucent. Upper crest with thin edge of dots and inter- lacing lines. This arrangement goes around the tip. Rest of under crest translucent—no edging. On the caudal half of lower edge of the muscular part the muscle segments are more or less outlined by the light color making emarginations between the black dots. The same arrangement for the dorsal third of the muscular part of the tail. Iris and eye black, small; eyes close together. General appearance.—Tadpole small (28.0 mm.), broad, and large bodied but not deep. Body has from dorsal aspect a Limulus-like appearance. Tail short, tip blunt rounded. Body unlike Bufo, broader nearer eye than vent. Dorsal crest and ventral crests not deep nor greater than depth of musculature. Dorsal crest extends on to the body to a vertical just ahead of the developing hind legs, is perceptibly nearer hind legs than spiracie. Spiracle sinistral, far below lateral axis, as much or more ventral than lateral, opening more rectangular or slitlike than in our tadpoles in general. Spiracle about on the level of the mouth. Eye on the lateral axis (of tail musculature projected) very dorsal in position. The eyes close together, nearer the mid-dorsal axis than the lateral outline, in fact nearer together than in Bufo. Anus median at the end of the edge of the ventral crest. Muciferous crypts in preserved specimens at least indistinct. ART. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—-WRIGHT 17 Mouth parts —Teeth §, $, 2, 2. Whole labium (upper and lower) with continuous row of papillae except on the upper labium where a pronounced median interval is toothed. This median row is about equal to the first lower labial row of either side. From upper labial interval of teeth downward either side and across the lower labial border there is at least one row of inner papillae. Opposite the ends of the horny beaks are several rows of them filling in the space be- tween upper and lower labia. The next series of teeth (the second) below the upper toothed interval is usually not continuous rarely continuous. Usually one median end slightly overlaps the end of its counterpart of the other side. The third series has a short median interval one-half the distance of the upper toothed interval or first series or slightly more than a similar interval in the third lower labial series. Either half of the upper third series is slightly less in length than the horny beak and about equal to either half of the lower third series. Either half of the fourth series is longer than a similar half of the first lower labial series or shorter than that of the second series. The interval of this fourth row is about two-thirds the length of the horny beak or contained one and one-third to one and one-half times in the interval of the first lower labial series. The fifth series is a short lateral row about equal to the lateral row of second lower labial series. Beneath the fifth series and very closely placed to it is a short row almost opposite the end of the horny beaks. On the lower labium are five series, the first three not continuous, the last two continuous. The median interval of the first lower labial series is about equal to the horny beak in length. The interval of the second series is usually about equal to or less than the interval of fourth upper series. The interval of the third lower series is very short indeed, shorter possibly than the interval of the third upper series. The fourth continuous lower row is 1.6-1.7 times the horny beak in length. The fifth continuous lower row is 1.4-1.5 times in the fourth continuous lower row. Measuremenis—Length of body (10-12.2 mm.) in tail (12.8-17.6 mm.) 1.1-1.7, average 1.34. Width (6.0-7.4 mm.) of body in its own length 1.4-1.8, average 1.64. Depth (4.0-6.8 mm.) of body 1.03-1.50 in body width, average 1.23. Depth of body 1.73-2.5 in body length, average 2.04. Depth (3.4-5.4 mm.) of tail in length of tail 2.5-4.0, average 3.14. Muscular part (2.0-3.0 mm.) 1.45-2.5 in depth of tail, average 1.98. Spiracle 1.24-1.66 nearer base of hind legs or vent region (4.4-6.0 mm.) than the tip of the snout (7.0-8.0 mm.), average 1.41. Spiracle equidistant between eye (1.44—5.8 mm.) and base of hind legs or vent (14.4—6. 0 mm.), average 1.0. Eye 1.4- 1.8 nearer to tip of snout (3.0-3.6 mm.) than to spiracle (4.4-5.8 mm.) average, 1.52. Nostril 1.5-2.25 nearer eye (1.0-1.8 mm.) than snout 6359—29—2 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 (2.0-3.0 mm.), average 1.9. Mouth (3.0-4.0 mm.) usually 1.66-2.5 larger than internasal space (1.2-2.0 mm.), average 2.08. Mouth usually contained 1.0—-1.66 larger (average 1.3) than in interorbital distance (2.0-3.2 mm.). Internasal space contained in interorbital space 1.28-1.83, average 1.56. The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm. Totallencth2? vigea! 1a sortag- 28. 0 | Spiracle to vent. __ 2 UL 2222 - 6. 0 Bodyuilengthien ve ono ae fife 12.0 |) Spiraclé toveyes<+ 2cere:_a4)— 5.2 Body depth: 220 ee ey =<(b+Q-|-Kiverto snoug. st. oem et ee 3. 6 Body Widthia. 5]. ose aes G.-TRVie GOP ORGINA. 0222 oo ge ee 1.8 Alar ierehl Soe <8 ee eee ee 16. 0°\" Nostril’to snout. — = ©. ee 2. 4 Tail 'dépthi¥ 14281 - ban jood tau 4. Bis Mouth 31e2)) 98D) | Uso 8s 3.0. Tail musculature of__________- 3.0 | Interorbital distance__________-_ 3. 0 Spiracle sto: snouts ees-4= =~ 2, 7.,6.,| internasal distance: 4 1-1-2 2 - 2.0 SCAPHIOPUS HAMMONDI Baird Plate 6, figures 4, 5 Color description from life (July 12, 1925).—Back olive lake in gen- eral appearance. The belly color with black of back gives the olive lake or buffy citrine color. Back marbled with bright green yellow or light green and black giving general color above. Ahead of eye old gold appearance. Tail—Lower part and tip of tail musculature black. Top of cephalic half of musculature colored as the dorsum of body. A solid line of bright green yellow or light yellow green on top of musculature. Tail fins clear with rufous or bittersweet orange suffusion in parts and on the edges. Iris above and below pupil with half moon of lemon yellow; black vertical bar in front and behind pupil. Rest of eye black with dottings of bright green yellow. The tadpoles some- times appear clay colored, or of vinaceous or buffy tints or very pale to pale olive buff or tilleul buff. General appearance.—Tadpole large (65.0 mm.), broad, and not deep. Body from dorsal aspect is sometimes almost round. Dorsal and ventral sides of the front part of the body flatten out to a canthus- like edge in which the mouth seems, when not open, to be a mere slit. Tail medium to short; tail tip rounded. Dorsal and ventral crests about equal to depth of the musculature or sometimes less than it. The dorsal crest extends on to the body to a vertical ahead of the hind legs but not beyond the midway vertical between the hind legs and the spiracle. Spiracle very low, almost ventral, far below lateral axis and about on a level with mouth parts. Spiracular opening a long oblique slit directed backward and upward. Eye dorsal but on the lateral axis. Eyes close together, much nearer mid-dorsal line than lateral outline. Anus median, at the end of the edge of the ventral ART. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES— WRIGHT 19 crest. Muciferous crypts indistinct in preserved specimens. Some- times the tadpoles do not grow big before transformation. Mouth parts—Teeth 4, #, rarely ?. Whole labium (upper and lower) with a continuous row of papillae except on the upper labium where a short median interval is toothed. This median row, unlike the tadpole of S. holbrookw is not equal to the first lower labial row of teeth, but is contained 1.5-2.9 times or more in this row. There is no inner row of papillae. The next row of teeth below the toothed interval is interrupted, the inner ends of this row seldom extending much below the ends of the toothed intervals unlike S. holbrookii, i. e., the median interval in the second row about equals the first row, or is slightly less. The third row has a wide median interval two to three times the first papillary toothed row. Either half of the third row is 0.4-0.3 times of the mandibular beak and about equal to the second lower labial row. Either one part of the fourth row is equal or sometimes twice the median interval of the second upper row. The fifth may be present on each side or absent on one side and present on the other, but usually is absent on each side. On the lower labium are four series, the first three not continuous in the middle, the last continuous. The median interval of the first row is considerably less than the horny beaks and greater than the fourth series of teeth. The interval of the second series is usually about or less than that of the third upper row. The third lower series has a very slight median interval, less than the first dorsal row or the median interval of the second upper row. The fourth and last row is about equal to either lateral half of the upper second row or one half the length of the horny beak. Last row of teeth 1.75— 2.0 in next to last lower row of teeth. Measurements.—Length of body (17—28.0 mm.) in tail (23-37.0 mm.) 1.32-1.66, average 1.49. Width (12.6-18.0 mm.) of body in its own length 1.55-1.9, average 1.66. Depth (12-15.5 mm.) of body 1.05- 1.15 in body width, average 1.09. Depth of body 1.6-2.0 in body length, average 1.79: Depth (10.6-15.5 mm.) of tail in length of tail 2.05-2.9, average 2.44. Muscular part (4.4-6.5 mm.) 2.25-2.66 in depth of tail, average 2.43. Spiracle 1.25-1.35 nearer base of hind legs or vent region (10-13 mm.) than the tip of the snout (13.0- 17.5 mm.), average 1.30. Spiracle 1.25-1.6 nearer eye (7.8—-10.5 mm.) than base of hind legs or vent, average 1.37. Eye 1.1-1.3 nearer to tip of snout (6.0-9.0 mm.) than to spiracle (7.8-10.5 mm.) 1.1-1.3, average 1.2. Nostril 1.4-2.5 nearer eye (2.0-2.0 mm.) than snout (4.0-6.0 mm.), average 2.05. Mouth (4.8-5.5 mm.) usually 1.8-2.5 larger than internasal space (2.0-3.0 mm.), average 2.25. Mouth contained 1—1.16 (average 1.08) in interorbital distance (5.0-5.6 mm.). Inter- nasal space contained in interorbital space 2.5-2.75, average 2.6. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF ‘THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm. Tatal length. |. 52 rote 22 2 ee 65. 0. |. Spiracle to vent-2. .--.+-.~- 4s. 13. 0 Body enpth 2 eee ees oe 23,0" | Spiracie to eye... 2 ie oe 10. 5 ogy cepa ss — 2. see eee ne 15. 9 | Bye tO SHOUL_=s-- 22-2 oe eee 9. 0 Body widthe 228 SFE L es 2 ferUoy Bye to noserilens = seen 3. 0 Taililenate: 99720: te) ats 2k 37.0 | Nostril to snout_.__..___-_--_-- 6. 0 TPeilidepth sass Sa 2s 2h. 62g ae ee Liv&| Mouth? bs sie3 gee et a eb Ae 5. 5: Musculature of tail__-_-------- 6. 5 | Interorbital distance_.__-.----- 5. 5- Spiraclesto snout = 2-252 2 e8 17.5 | Internasal distance -_---=.--.-- 3. O SCAPHIOPUS COUCHHE Baird Plate 6, figure 7 Color description from life (June 5, 1925)—General appearance bronzy. Black everywhere, finely dotted with old gold, or light grayish vinaceous or vinaceous fawn or orange cinnamon. Some times all these colors are seen in the different angles of view or bright green yellow be added. Spots sometimes adjoin and form a vermi- culation on dorsum. Entire underparts are spotted except around the spiracle. Spots less thick on cephalic third of venter. On the caudal two thirds, same spottings as on dorsum, yet intestine shows through the skin. Tail.—Upper half of musculature spotted, some of the lower half and tail tip free of spots. Upper and lower tail crests transparent. Iris black with spots or dots of the above colors described for dorsum of body. General appearance.-—Tadpole small (24.5 mm.), broad, head possibly more pointed than tadpole of S. holbrookvi. Tail shorter than in S. holbrookii, tip blunt, rounded. Dorsal and ventral crests as deep as or greater than musculature. Dorsal crest extends on to the body to a vertical as near spiracle as vent or nearer spiracle. Spiracle low, almost ventral, more lateral than in S. holbrooki. Eyes dorsal, close together, as near mid-dorsal line as lateral outline. Anus median at the end of the edge of the ventral crest. Muciferous crypts in preserved specimens at least indistinct. Mouth parts —Teeth, %, usually 4, rarely $3, 2 or 2. Whole labium with a continuous row of papillae or inconspicuously broken in the middle of upper labium; inner papiliae scarce. First row of teeth very short, or absent; the second row of upper teeth continuous in middle some times barely broken in middle; the third upper row has: a wide median interval 2-3 times the first papillary toothed row.2 A ‘fifth upper row may be present on each side or only one side. On the lower iabium are usually four series of teeth, the first two not continuous in the middle, the last two continuous. The interval of second row is very short; last lower row of teeth 2.5—-3 times in next to: | arr. 12 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 21 last row. Sometimes above the normal first row may occur a fifth series. Measurements.—Length of body (10-11 mm.) in tail (14-15.5 mm.) 1.3-1.5, average 1.4. Width (7.0-8.5 mm.) of body 1.3-1.6 in its own length (10-11 mm.), average 1.4. Depth (5.4-6.0) of body, 1.25-1.55 in body width, average 1.35. Depth of body 1.66—2.0 in body length, average 1.9. Depth (5.0-6.0) of tail in length of tail 2.5-2.9 average 2.65. Muscular part (1.8-2.5), 2.2-3.33 in depth of tail, average 2.7. Spiracle 1.16-1.6 nearer tip of snout (5.0-6.0) than base of hind legs or vent (6.0-8.0) average 1.3. Spiracle 1.5-2.2 nearer eye (3.2—4.5) than base of hind legs or vent (6.0-8.0), average 1.85. Eye 1.0-1.6 nearer to tip of snout (2.8-3.4) than to spiracle (3.2-4.5) average 1.3. Nostril 1.4-2.2 nearer eye (1.0—1.6) than snout (2.18-3.4) average 1.85. Mouth (2.4-2.8) usually 1.5-2.15 larger than internasal space (1.2-1.6) average 1.85. Mouth con- tained 1.0—1.33 average 1.12 in interorbital distance (2.0-3.2). In- ternasal space contained in interorbital space 1.45-2.3, average, 2.0. The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm. mabal lene tho Be OS k= 24, 5)\Spiracle to vent. 2.24 ~- NOSUIT: tO SHOUU. 2s. 3.5 BEMEOIS OR 22 a a a ig. Ot MOuun 2 re ae ne Panue ne 4.5 Musculature of tail--....+._-_-- 9.5 | Interorbital distance____.._____ 7.0 epiracie of snout._.2.-..--..-.- 15.0 | Internasal distance_.._......_.. 5. 0 6359—29——3 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 7} RANA PIPIENS Schreber Plate 7, figure 7 Color description from life (not Ridgway).—Background of back a dark brown, covered with fine gold spots and many aggregate ones on | sides, the general appearance somewhat similar to that of the green frog but darker. Background on front of head rather orange. The belly is deep cream, covered with bronzelike iridescence. The gill | region is pigmented with dark toward the sides, is covered all over with gold spots, and is iridescent. The throat area is translucent and ! more extensive than in the pickerel frog. | Tail—wUnlike the pickerel-frog tadpole, the tail is conspicuously lighter than the body, the crests being translucent and marked with | scattered fine spots and pencilings. Gold spots occur toward the base of the tail. The eye is bronze. General appearance.—Tadpole large (86 mm.), full, and deep bodied. | Venter not strongly pigmented so that viscera clearly show through in | life or preserved specimens. Tail medium in length and acute. | Dorsal crest not equal in width to the musculature and extending on to body somewhat ahead of the vertical of the buds of the hind limbs. Spiracle sinistral, decidedly upward and backward in direction, below lateral axis of body. Spiracular opening plainly visible as an elliptical | or round opening. Eye on lateral axis and nearer lateral outline in dorsal aspect than mid-dorsal line. Anus dextral, opening on level of edge of vertical crest. Muciferous crypts indistinct. Mouth parts—Teeth %. Edge of upper labium longer than beak and fringed with teeth. In either corner a rather long row of teeth | about one-third to one-fourth the length of the upper fringe. The outer end of the lateral row about even with end of the upper fringe. The median space between lateral rows one to one and one-half times either laterafrow. The third row of lower labial teeth shorter than single row of lower labial papillae, one-fourth to one-fifth shorter than | horny beak, and about two-ninths shorter than first lower labial row which is longer somewhat than beak and often subdivided. The | lower third row not relatively as short asin R. palustris, R. clamitans, R. septentrionolis, R. grylio, etc. Measurements.—Length of body (19.6—28.2 mm.) 1.3-2.2 in tail length, average 1.7. Width (13-19.6 mm.) of body in its own length 1.4-1.7, average 1.5. Depth (10-14 mm.) of body 1.04-1.39 in body | width, average 1.17. Depth of body 1.66-2.1 in length of body, aver- | age 1.91. Depth of tail (10.4-16.4 mm.) 2.7-3.4 in length of tail (34.2-56.2 mm.), average 3.0. Muscular part (5.2-8.8 mm.) 1.6-2.4 in depth of tail (10.4-16.4 mm.), average 1.9. Spiracle 1.25-1.7 nearer base of hind legs or vent region (9.2-12.6 mm.) than the tip of | the snout (13.6-19.4 mm.), average 1.5, rarely reading 1.7 or under art. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 35 1.35. Spiracle 1.40—-1.86 nearer eye (5.8-8.6 mm.) than base of hind legs or vent (9.2-12.6 mm.), average 1.59. Hye 1.1—1.3 nearer spiracle _(5.8-8.6 mm.) than to snout tip (6.6-8.6 mm.). Nostril 1.1-1.5 nearer eye (3.0-4.8 mm.) than snout (4.0-5.2 mm.), average 1.3. Mouth (4.2-5.0 mm.) usually 1.1-1.5 larger than internasal space (3.0-4.6 mm.), average 1.25. Mouth contained 1.3-1.8, average 1.48 in interorbital distance (5.8-8.0 mm). Internasal space contained in interorbital space 1.5-2.2, average 1.8, seldom over 2.0. The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm. mepotal length-o%) | 22s S20. oe 84. 0 | Spiracle to vent._..__-...------ 12. 6 Seen length: 22 bee OR. 28. Ol, Spiracle tojeye.---~ +2... 8. 0 Bandlvacde pth: 228 22a kU oe Me: 2 1Geau Biv eLOMmsnOlbsens ose 2 Se ae 8. 0 WIG ea ee Leo. Te LiyentOmOstrllaa-= se 4.0 Beet tenets 0 one a 36:0: |? Nostril to’ snouts 2222 Sa 5. 0 BCE tise sat Tear NE od PASH Out heeees eee Ser rare Kerr e fo 5.2 Musculature of tail__________--- 8. 0 | Interorbital distance____.___--- ao Bpiracle to snout____--.------- 17..8;| Internasal distance.......-.-_=- 3. 8 RANA HECKSHERI Wright Plate 8, figures 1, 3 Oolor description from life (July 21, 1922).—Body dark greenish olive or olive, finally covered with pale green-yellow or pale greenish- yellow flecks or spots on the dorsum. On venter they are vinaceous fawn, vinaceous cinnamon, or orange vinaceous. Just back of angle of mouth in a mature tadpole and on the venter is a clump of four to six much larger spots. Lower belly pale forget-me-not blue to upper belly and breast jay-blue, Chapman’s blue, or grayish violaceous blue. Spots of back become thicker on lower belly and at times almost touch or make patches of color. Lateral line pores very prominent on the head and body. Ventral half of muscular part of the tail light salmon orange or apricot buff or vinaceous cinnamon or ochraceous salmon. Upper half of the muscular part with a black band on caudal two-thirds and more or less merged into body color at its basal third. The black bandlike effect is produced by oblique bars of black where the muscle commas are. ‘These overshadow the intervening body color. Whole rim of tail or edge of crests black, least just in front of the vent. Iris rim above and below orange-cinnamon, tawny, vinaceous- tawny or orange-rufous or better vinaceous-rufous. Iris rim in front and behind pupil black. General appearance—Tadpole quite large (95 mm.), usually black of body, and the most striking of all our (U. S.) Rana tadpoles. Belly pigmented, so intestine does not show through in preserved specimens. Tail elongate, tip acuminate; dorsal crest not as wide 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 as musculature width; not much different from lower crest and not — extending on body beyond the vertical through the buds of the hind limbs. Spiracle sinistral, just visible from dorsal aspect, divided backward and somewhat obliquely upward. Spiracle usually with a distinct semicircular impression on body and opening. Opening leaving exposed an elliptical or hemispherical patch on body. Spira- cle clearly below lateral axis (musculature axis). Eye on or just above lateral axis but in dorsal aspect nearer lateral outline than mid- dorsal axis. Anus dextral, opening at edge of ventral crest. Muciferous crypts distinct, white; a short dorsal row of a few pores on either side of middle line of the back from the dorsal crest forward; © from above the middle line of insertion of tail musculature on body to a short distance behind eye a prominent dorsolateral row; appar- ently resumed behind eye after an interval and continued as supra- orbital and infraorbital lines to above and below the nostril; another lateral row from above insertion of hind legs to gill region where a ventral commissure goes across to the row of the other side. A third of the distance across the ventral branchial region, a branch from the commissure goes outward and forward along the jaw region almost to the mouth. Mouth parts —Teeth 2 or 3. Edge of upper labium greater than length of upper horny beak and fringed by a continuous row of teeth. Sometimes this fringe is broken up, as infigure. In either corner, beneath this fringe, is a short row of teeth about one-fourth to one- third of the length of the upper fringe. The outer end of this second row never reaches outward beyond the first fringe. Median space between these second-row teeth, one to one and one-half times the length of either lateral series of the second row. In some median- sized tadpoles the space may be greater and the second row much shorter or rarely absent. The third upper row very short, frequently absent in young and medium-aged tadpoles. From above the end of the first upper labial row of teeth to beneath the end of the third lower labial row are two or three irregular rows of papillae which are continued across lower labium’s edge as one serrate row. The third labial row longer than this single row of papillae, equal to length of horny beak but one-fourth to one-fifth shorter than first and second rows, which extend beyond the ends of the horny beak. The first row is continuous or broken in the middle. Measurements —Length of body (32.0-41.5 mm.) in tail (50-57.5 mm.) 1.4—-1.85, average 1.625. Width of body (15.0-22.5 mm.) in its own length 1.4-2.4, average 1.8. Depth (13-20 mm.) of body 0.9-1.6 in its own width, average 1.14, rarely greater than body. Depth of body 1.8-2.46 in body width, average 2.08. Depth of tail (14-18 mm.) in length of tail 2.6-4.6, average 3.2. Depth of tail ART, 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 37. 0.8-1.3 in body depth, average 1.02. Muscular part (9-11 mm.) of tail in its own tail depth 1.45-2.0, average 1.72. Spiracle 0.86-1.2 nearer vent than snout, average 1.0—1. e., about equidistant in gen- eral. Spiracle to snout (17-22 mm.) and spiracle to vent or base of hind legs (17-23 mm.). Spiracle to eye (8-12 mm.) in eye to snout (8-11 mm.) 0.85-1.2, average 0.99—i. e., eye to snout and spiracle to eye usually equidistant. Nostril to eye (4.0-6.0 mm.) equal the distance from nostril to snout (3.5-6.0 mm.). Mouth (3.0-7.0 mm.) usually 1.0-1.5 greater than the internasal space (3.0-6.5 mm.), average 1.2. Mouth contained 1.12.0 (average 1.46) in interorbital distance (5.0-10 mm.). Internasal space contained in interorbital space 1.4—2.0, average 1.75. The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm. Bapailength 22.26 Ls ey 3 95: 0: |; Spiracle toivent = -.=+-.24------ 23. 0 Readilonet bh! a we a ee 41, 5.1 Spiracle to'eye.=—=2-------=---- 11.5 Bermecepin 22). 22 Tze Or ee. CONRDOM Ge. pt ee ea 10. 0 BEI Wi i ames ek ION iy EoyeCLOuNOSCr | sc.) ote eae 6. 0 Bemetenmeur et rte ad 2 errs 5o: Sf Nostril to snout. “Sie yee 6. 0 pyle Key og RS ee CECOKMVEouthy: Pte ieee tae bee ee 6.5 Musculature of tail. __-_------- 11. 0 | Interorbital distance __--------- 10. 0 / Spiracle to snout__-.-.-------- 210.0: |, Internasal distance =. === 2 -~- 5. 0 RANA CATESBEIANA Shaw Plate 8, figures 7, 8, 9 Color description from life (not Ridgway).—Background of back olive green, closely overlaid with fine yellow dots. Back conspicuously - marked with dark spots, which become scanty on the slightly (bronzy) iridescent sides. Eye bronze. Venter is straw or maize yellow, with a few greenish spots toward the sides and sometimes in the region of the throat. It is not a distinct marbling, as in the green frog. Tail considerably lighter than back and quite regularly covered with small black spots (almost entirely lacking on the lower crest), some of which are dumb-bell shaped. The fine yellow dots are assembled in small groups. General appearance.—Tadpole very large (145 mm.), round, and deep bodied. Somerarely reach 170mm. Tail elongate, tip obtuse. Dorsal crest not as wide as musculature, extending forward on body slightly beyond the vertical of the buds of the hind legs or sometimes rarely to midway between these buds and the spiracle. Spiracle sin- istral, just visible from dorsal aspect, directed backward and obliquely upward. Spiracle and its opening just below lateral axis of the mus- culature. Eye well above the lateral axis, but in dorsal aspect nearer the lateral outline than the mid dorsal axis. Anus dextral, opening on level with edge of ventral crest. Mouth parts —Teeth % or 3. The second upper row one-fourth to two-sevenths of the upper fringe in length. The median space 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 between these two lateral rows is usually one and one-half times the length of either row. The ends of these lateral rows may or may not extend to the end of the upper fringe. The upper fringe much longer than the horny beak. On lower labium three rows, the first and second about equal in length and about equal to upper fringe of teeth or slightly less and slightly longer than the horny beak. First row may be continuous or interrupted in the middle. The third row quite short for a Ranid tadpole, much shorter than the single row of lower labial papillae, one-fourth shorter than first or second lower labial rows. Labial papillae on side of labium little more than a single row, a few inner papillae usually not extending mesially beyond the end of the second row. Hinckley (1882) gives a third small row of teeth in the lower corner of each upper lip; in 50 or more first season, second season and mature tadpoles, this occurred but once as the figures are. In two other cases, such a row was present, but it was at right or obtuse angles to the first or second rows and might have been a part of one or both of them. Sometimes the upper fringe is entirely absent, present on one side, or the teeth of it may occasionally leave the mouth and be carried back over the forehead. The second row may be missing. Measurements —Length of body (34-49 mm.) 1.56-2.15 in tail (62-97 mm.), average 1.8. Width (25.0-34.4 mm.) of body in its own length 1.1—-1.6, average 1.8. Depth (24.4-28.6 mm.) of body 1.00-1.19 in body width (25-24.4 mm.), average 1.1. Depth of body 1.6-1.73 in length of body (34-49.0 mm.), average 1.66. Depth of tail (20-33 mm.) 2.4-3.5 in length of tail (62-97 mm.), average 2.8. | Muscular part (12.5-19 mm.) 1.4-1.9 in depth of tail, average 1.8. Spiracle 1.08—1.44 nearer base of hind legs or vent region (17-24 mm.) than the tip of the snout (23-27.8 mm.), average 1.26. Spiracle 1.33-1.75 nearer eye (11.5-14 mm.) than base of hind legs or vent (17.0-24.0 mm.), average 1.55. Eye nearer to tip of snout (9.5-12.8 mm.) than to spiracle. Nostril equidistant between snout and eye. Mouth (5.5-8.0 mm.) usually 0.95-1.16 larger than internasal space (4.2-6.5 mm.), average 1.07. Mouth contained 1.3-2.1, average 1.73 in interorbital distance. Internasal space 1.75-2.2 in (9.2-14 mm.). | The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm. otal ienp oh! === sees. a oe eee 14270) {Spiracle to vent= = oso 22. 5 Body dengthé()_ -. 4-20 028 gi 45.0 | Spiracle to eye_____-_-_------ 12.8 Body. depth 2¢9-b2e.249e4) Rx. 38.0.) ‘Byeto isnot s2s22 size ee 12. 8 Bodly. swadibhit 2 ico fas et he 34,4.) Byb.tomostile 25 42s zebee 2s 6. 4 atl length= = 56 ooh eae 97-04) sNostrilsto: snouts see 70 Se a COO E-Series ores ole 8. MEOUth As 280s eae Le eee 7.0 Musculature of tail___________ 17. 2 | Interorbital distance________-- 11.4 Spiracle torsnoutee ee ee ee 26. 8 | Internasal distance___________- 4.6 Seinen art. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 39 RANA GRYLIO Stejneger Plate 8, figures 2, 4 Color description from life —Belly is between citron yellow and pale lemon yellow or lemon yellow with a prominent reticulation of brownish black. On the sides the lemon yellow spots are surrounded sometimes by pinkish vinaceous or orange vinaceous, or coral pink. All the throat region back to the pectoral region is a clear black. Across the pectoral region is apple green or light bice green. On either side of the throat and below the eye and over the snout and in front of nostril are spots of belly color. Over the back overlaying black spots and between them is forest green or dark green or elm green. When a tadpole is young it has a pinkish vinaceous line of spots or stripe on the upper jaw to be. Tail—The lemon yellow spots of the sides are also on the base of the muscular part of the tail as more or less rounded spots with more prominent pinkish vinaceous. About an inch from the base of the muscular part the spotting goes along on to the middle of the mus- cular part for an inch or less as a long band of pinkish vinaceous or as a row of spots. Below this band are some rounded pinkish vina- ceous spots like the band. These extend on to the lower crest. More or less of a long black line of spots above this pinkish vinaceous band. This black line starts in the middle of the muscular part but as it approaches the tip of the tail it bends down toward the muscular black line. Upper crest with no yellow or whitish spots. Lower crest with many spots for first 2 inches. Pupil yellow or bronzy-rimmed. Iris flecked all over with bronzy. Background of iris purplish. One looked greenish like the body color. General appearance.—Tadpole quite large (100 mm.), with black gular area and speckled belly which is so heavily pigmented the intestine does not show through in preserved specimens. Ventral contour narrower than in R. catesbeiana and more of the R. clamitans type. Tail elongate, tip sharply acuminate. Dorsal crest at widest part about equal or slightly less than width of musculature, and extending on to dorsum slightly ahead of the vertical through the buds of the hind legs. Spiracle sinistral, just visible from the dorsal aspect, obliquely directed upward and backward, opening elliptical, but little revealed from side. Spiracle opening just touches lateral axis (muscular axis). Eye on or just above lateral axis. Anus dextral, opening at edge of ventral crest. _Muciferous crypts present, but rather indistinct; this species easily separated from R. clamitans in this regard. Mouth parts—Teeth 2. Edge of upper labium about equal or slightly longer than the length of the upper horny beak, and fringed 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 by a continuous row of teeth. In either corner beneath this fringe is only one very short row about one-sixth to one-eighth of the length of the upper fringe. Median space between these two short rows is two and one-half to four and one-half times the length of either of these rows. The outer end of the second upper row does not extend beyond the end of the upper fringe of teeth. The third lower labial row of teeth much shorter than the single serrate row of papillae, much less than length of horny beak (contained one and one-half times in it) and one-third shorter than the second or first lower rows of teeth. These two rows about equal to horny beak in length and equal to each other. The first row may be continuous or interrupted in the middle. In mouth parts it is distinctly of the R. clamitans type and nearer this species than R. catesbeiana. Measurements —Length of body (31.0-35.6 mm.) in tail (55.0- 70.5 mm.) 1.7-2.4, average 1.84. Width (17-22 mm.) of body in its own body length 1.5-2.15, average 1.8. Depth (14-20 mm.) of body equal to (1.0) or slightly less (0.8-0.9) than body width. Depth of body 1.5-2.55 in body length, average 1.98. Depth (17-23 mm.) of tail in length of tail 1.45-1.8, average 1.7. Depth of tail 1.05-1.5 deeper than depth of body, average 1.2. Muscular part (9.5-14.5 mm.) contained in depth of tail 1.3-1.7, average 1.5; in smaller speci- mens 1.75-2.1. Spiracle 1.1-1.6 nearer base of hind legs or vent region (13-19 mm.) than the tip of the snout. Spiracle 1.25-1.9 nearer eye than base of hind legs or vent, average 1.56. Eye 1-1.35 nearer to tip of snout (7-10 mm.) than to spiracle (8-12.5 mm.); in some younger tadpoles occasionally near (0.88-0.95) spiracle. Nos- tril 1.0-1.4 nearer snout than eye, rarely equidistant. Mouth (4-6 mm.) usually 1.0-1.6 larger than internasal space (3.6—5.5 mm.), average 1.15. Mouth contained 1.5-2.37 (average 1.94) in inter- orbital distance (7-12.0 mm.). Internasal space contained in inter- orbital space 1.8-2.6, average 2.16. The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm Mm. Total Jengthit. 22s see 100.0" |’ Spiracie to ventz2_/—2-_ 2-2 2222 19. 0 Body ilengthe tivo: ete Mee te 35:6 | ‘Spiracle toveye 22_ 19522328 10. 0 Body i@epthu2d. 2 sas sah. 20:0 |) Eye to enoutsies2 2 63 ee et 9.8 Body width: 2isnt-). Mouth>- ac. ee he ee ee 3. 0 Musculature: of tails2—2-._- 422 3. 0 | Interorbital distance_-_-__------- 5. 0 Spiracle tersnout. asc 5 5 eS 9..0.,| Internasal distance: -22 2-22.52 2— 2.8 HYLA CINEREA (Schneider) Plate 9, figure 12 Color description from life (July 26, 1921) —Top of body generally citrine to olive green or oil green, sometimes a bright spinach green or forest green. Stripe on side of head from snout to eye sulphur yellow and ivory yellow. Belly solid cartridge buff or ivory yellow. Breast and lower throat light vinaceous fawn. Mental region and upper throat dusky slate-blue with scattered spinach green spots. Sides of the body in branchial region and under eye spotted dusky slate blue, or slate-blue, light vinaceous fawn, cartridge buff, sulphur yellow. General color of tail sulphine yellow to citrine. Base of muscular part of tail with some light vinaceous fawn spots along the middle of it for 1 centimeter or more. In almost mature tadpoles not black spots on the crests. About time hind legs begin to grow, upper and lower crests with prominent blackish spots. Fine spinach green art. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 59 flecks over tail except near the edges of the tail crests. In the younger tadpoles without blackish spots the black is in specks all over the tail and these faintly appear on the tail crests as dark edges. Iris light cadmium to buffy yellow with dusky in front and behind “the pupil? General appearance—Tadpole medium (40 mm.), full, and deep bodied. Tail acuminate; tip acuminate, sometimes acute. Tail long. The dorsal and ventral crests about equal and about equal to musculature in depth. The dorsal crest extending on to the body to the vertical about midway between the eye and spiracle. Spiracle sinistral, directed upward and backward, far below lateral axis, the spiracular opening very visible as a round or elliptical opening. Eye on lateral axis, in dorsal aspect on the lateral outline and in consequence visible from the venter. Anus dextral, at or only slightly above the lower edge of the ventral crest. Muciferous crypts not distinct. As they approach transformation the whole tail becomes spotted with conspicuously dark and light spots. Mouth parts—Teeth 2. Upper labium fringed with a continuous row of labial teeth; the papillae extend above and inward beyond the end of the fringe for about one-fourth to two-ninths of the length of the upper fringe. The end of the second row is usually even with the end of the upper fringe. The horny beak is contained in the upper fringe 2-2.3. Median space between the lateral second upper labial row three or four times in the length of the lateral row. The latter row about.two and one-half times in the upper fringe. Inner papillae extend beneath the third lower labial row of teeth after giving a two- rowed appearance below it, like H. andersonii, H. femoralis, H. versicolor or H. squirella. The third lower row of teeth, however, is not like this group, but shorter, like H. gratiosa or H. crucifer. In one specimen it was absent, with the papillae below also absent. This third row is contained two-fifths to one-fourth in the length of the first or second row of lower labial teeth. The first and second rows (lower labial) about equal or one and one-third greater in length than horny beaks. Sometimes fringes are united by their ends as in H. gratiosa. Measurements.—Length of body (11-15 mm.) in tail (16-25 mm.) 1.25-2.0, average 1.6. Width (6-7.5 mm.) of body in its own length 1.8-2.2, average 1.9. Depth of body (6.0-7.0 mm.) equals body width. Depth of body 1.69-2.5 in body length, average 1.95. Depth (7.0-8.0 mm.) of tail in length of tail 2.0-3.125, average 2.75. Muscular part (4.0 mm.) 1.75-2.4 in depth of tail, average 1.925. Spiracle 1.15-1.6 nearer base of hind legs or vent region (5.0—-7.0 mm.) than the tip of the snout (8.0-9.0 mm.), average 1.375. Spiracle 1.4-2.3 nearer eye (3.0-3.5 mm.) than base of hind legs or vent, average 1.88. Eye 1.1—1.66 nearer spiracle (3.0-3.5 mm.) than to 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 tip of snout (3.8-5.0 mm.), average 1.38. Nostril 1.0-1.5 nearer eye (1.8-2.5 mm.) than snout (2.0-3.5 mm.), average 1.35. Mouth (2.0- 3.5 mm.) 1.0-1.4 in internasal space (3.0-4.0 mm.), average 1.25. Mouth contained 1.6-2.0 (average 1.83) in interorbital distance (5.0-6.0 mm.). Internasal space contained in interorbital space ~ 1.25-1.8, average 1.48. The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm Potaljlength.) co) «s-seb 40. 0 | Spiracle to vent__..___-_------- 7.0 Bodylemeths. feee ta es ee 15. 0,,) Spiraele to eyes... 22.2 --2e23 3. 0 Body, depthy 22 2036 eyo 2 se See 6:.0,1 .Eye:to snout. 352 soe ee 5. 0 BOG Whe sie ese es ee Re 7. 0 | ume, (0, NOSbRL 2 fo ee eee 2. 5 Tan len ge bose ner een eee eee eee 25,0 | NOStnil torsnOUl =e a] eee 3.5 Tail depth ith tO Les Gog 8) 031] Mowthie 2: 8222204 eee ae 3. 0 Musculature of tail_...___..----- 4.0 | Interorbital distance___-___---- 6. 0 Spitacie. to wn0uts a. == se eee = 9. 0 | Internasal distance__....------- 4.0 HYLA REGILLA Baird and Girard Plate 4, figure 5 General appearance.—Tadpole medium (45 mm.), full, and deep bodied. Tail medium or fairly long, tip acute or obtuse. No flagellum. The dorsal crest not exceeding the musculature in depth, extending on to body to the vertical through the posterior edge of the eye. Tail in general quite deep. Spiracle sinistral, more directed back- ward than upward, opening plainly visible as a round or elliptical opening. Spiracle far below lateral axis. Eye on the lateral axis, in dorsal aspect on the lateral outline, therefore just visible from venter. Anus dextral, opening just above the level of the lower edge of the ventral crest. Muciferous crypts not distinct. Mouth parts —Teeth 2. Upper labium fringed with a continuous row of teeth; the papillae extend above and inward beyond the end of upper fringe one-seventh to one-fifth (usually one-fifth) of the length of the upper fringe. The end of the second upper labial row may extend beyond the end of the upper fringe or be even with it. The horny beak may be contained in horny fringe or combined upper lateral rows 1.8-1.4 times. Median space between these lateral rows contained usually three (sometimes 2.5-5.0 times) times the length of the lateral rows. Usually a well-formed inner row of papillae on side of labium down almost to the end of the lower labial row. The third row of lower labial teeth with only a single row of papillae below it as in H. crucifer or H. gratiosa and unlike the other five or six species studied. Third row usually contained about three times in length of first or second lower labial teeth rows (sometimes 2.5-3). The first and second lower labial teeth longer than beak. Measurements.—Length of body (13.0-16.0 mm.) in tail (20-30 mm.) 1.46-1.875, average 1.68. Width of body (6.2-9.4 mm.) in its own length 1.6-2.1, average 1.74. Depth of body (5.0-9.8 mm.) ant. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 61 in body width, average 1.12. Depth of body 1.5-2.0 in body length, average 1.8. Depth of tail (7.5-9.0 mm.) in length of tail 1.5-3.21. Muscular part of tail (3.0-3.6 mm.) 2.3-2.8 in depth of tail, average 2.56. Spiracle 1.05-1.4 nearer base of hind legs (5.8-9.0 mm.) than snout (8-10.0 mm.), average 1.25. Spiracle 1.6—1.75 nearer eye (3.0- 4.6 mm.) than base of the hind legs or vent, average 1.65. Eye 1-1.4 nearer spiracle (3.0-4.6 mm.) than tip of snout (4.2-5.4), average 1.19. Nostril 1-1.7 nearer eye (2.0-2.2 mm.) than tip of snout (2.2- 3.8 mm.), average 1.4. Mouth (2.4-3.4 mm.) usually 1.06-1.2 larger than internasal space (2.0-3.2 mm). Mouth contained 1.4—1.7 times (average) in interorbital distance (4.0-5.4 mm). Internasal space contained in interorbital space 1.5-2.0, average 1.72. The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm. mimcablength: 2 iieco. bce eee 465 &:| Spitacletievent__202 2222 2252). 9.0 Bee weren eth 22 3 ee pes Sed 16:0, Spiracle’ to eyes. ..= + ~-2-3--2=- 3.0 Bee pune ee S20) | Seve tO anomie = 2 2 8 5 4.2 SMELT W ALE te Secrest nt ON 2 al keyerG@ MOSLEM = 252s 8 ee 2 2.2 LUGE 7 idl peel pl epee 30:0} INOStE to snout. —-=---=- =, 3. 6 anldeptnts soe Soke oa Ses OU Ou MOutnes see awe 2 Soa eney 3. 0 Musculature of tail__..__------- 3. 2 | Interorbital distance____.__--_-- 3. 0 Spiracle! tojsnouts =o. -2--L55- 9:,.6. |, Internasal distance_2_~...-... 2 4.6 HYLA FEMORALIS fatreille Plate 9, figure 6 ‘ Color description from life (July 8, July 26, 1921).—Upper parts of body olivaceous black to dull greenish black. Throat on either side below eye pomegranate purple. Belly on sides and across breast light vinaceous purple; center of belly solid sulphur-yellow. Chin clear with very little or no black dots. In younger tadpoles general color light yellowish olive or grayish olive. All over upper parts are fine grayish vinaceous or light vinaceous fawn dots and on the muscu- lar part of tail but not on the crests. These dots become larger on dark upper eyelid and give a conspicuous arrangement. In half- grown tadpoles a cream-colored ring under the eye and extending backward on either side of back for a distance. In very young tad- poles the ring is almost complete about eye but not on the back. This ring faintly present in mature tadpoles and extends backward on to the base of the musculature of the tail. Under the eye it is warm buff, on body buffy brown, cartridge buff, or tilleul buff. Tail.—Beginning at body there runs along musculature for one- half or more of its length a white, cartridge buff or pale cinnamon pink stripe, marked off by the dark brown or black ground color of the upper half of the musculature and the lower half of the same part. Upper and lower crests with prominent large spots, black in younger specimens and clusters of mouse gray on mature tadpoles. The 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 tip of tail (both upper and lower crests) clear of spots. Area of crest next to musculature clear in upper and lower crests. Light area of tail crests more or less suffused with light coral red or coral red, suggestive of H. versicolor tadpoles. Iris, the outer part olivaceous black to dull greenish black, inner circle and part of rest light vinaceous fawn, buff pink or light sehkon ceous salmon. General appearance—Tadpole small (36 mm.), full, and ideep bodied. Tail medium to fairly long, tip acuminate and very pointed. Tail with a prominent flagellum, the dorsal and ventral crests of which are usually colorless. Tail deep and dorsal and ventral crests well developed. The dorsal crest may exceed the musculature in depth and extends on to the body to the vertical of the spiracle or halfway between spiracle and eye. Spiracle sinistral, directed more back- ward than upward, far below the lateral axis and visible as an ellip- tical opening. Eye on the lateral axis, in dorsal aspect on the lateral outline and in consequence visible from the venter. Anus dextral, very near the level of the edge of the lower crest. Muciferous crypts indistinct. Mouth parts —Teeth 2. Upper labium fringed with a continuous row of labial teeth; the papillae extend above and inward beyond the end of the upper fringe for about four-elevenths to two-fifths of the length of the upper fringe. The end of the second row us- ually is even with the end of the upper fringe. The horny beak is contained about 2.0 times in the upper fringe. The median space between the lateral second upper labial very short, six to ten times the length of either lateral row. The inner papillae extend under the third row of lower labial teeth making at least two rows of papillae across the lower labial border. In the lower labial corner there is a heavy papillary series of four or five rows like H. versicolor or H. squirella. The lower third labial is long and is usually about — 1.10-1.2 in the first or second row, longer than in H. squirella and is larger than the horny beak. The first andsecond rows are about equal and 1.4—1.6 greater than the horny beak. This species, like Hyla versicolor and Hyla squirella has a very angulate upper fringe at its middle. Measurements.—Length of body (8.0-12.0 mm.) in tail (13.5-2.40 mm.) 1.3-2.8, average 1.75. Width (4.5-6.5 mm.) of body in its own length 1.6-2.1, average 1.8. Depth (4.5-7.0 mm.) of body usually slightly greater than body width (4.5-6.5 mm.). Depth of body 1.33-2.2 in body length, average 1.68. Depth (4.5-10 mm.) of tail in length of tail 1.6—2.75, average 2.25.. Muscular part (2.5-4.5 mm.) 1.8—2.3 in depth of tail, average 2.1. Spiracle 1.1-1.4 nearer base of hind legs or vent region (5.0-6.0 mm.) than the tip of the snout (5.5-8.0 mm.), average 1.24. Spiracle 1.5-2.5 nearer eye (2.0- ABT. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 63 4.0 mm.) than base of hind legs or vent (5.0-6.0 mm.), average 1.87. Eye 1.0-1.75 nearer to spiracle (2.0-4.0 mm.) than to tip of snout (3.2-4.5 mm.), average 1.25. Nostril 1.2—2.3 nearer eye (1.2—2.5 mm.) than snout (2.0-3.0 mm.), average 1.85. Mouth (2.0-3.5 mm.) equal to the internasal space (2.0-3.5 mm.). Mouth contained 1.4—2.0 (average 1.65) in interorbital distance (3.5-6.0 mm.). Internasal space (2.0-3.5 mm.) contained in interorbital space 1.3-2.0, average Li. The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm, Mm. motslJength= 2222 hso2023212-- 33.0 Spiracle to vent._.-...-------- 6. 0 marly emeb be ue = hase ot te 10.0) Spiraclesiojeyes ta ea-)* ee Se 4.0 Beery Gp une = i ee 5 Ol bye tOwnnOlte-— aaa ee es oe ROC Va VL CLUES Sete ned en OD oe HyeCuLOMOstrlla = peo eee ees lye HG BCT GD ee a ee een eee eae 22 OF eNOStr abo SOULS] sans oe a 3. 0 nie depth ast. ee os id ust Pot ONOUtHO tee tS? 2 SSD ee | 3. 0 Musculature of tail_......---_-- 3.5 Interorbital distance_-_-.-_-.-- 5. 0 Bpiracie.to snoub...2..9_--2b.- 8.0 Internasal distance__---..------ 3.5 HYLA ARENICOLOR Cope Plafe 9, figure 2 Color description from life (July 11, 1925).—Upper parts of body _dark greenish olive, dark olive, or deep olive. Back dotted with fine light yellowish olive specks. Pectoral and branchial regions of venter light vinaceous fawn. Belly a solid pale cinnamon pink, on sides of belly light vinaceous fawn or light vinaceous cinnamon or white. Tail— Heavily blotched with black on outer or upper half of upper crest and on outer or lower half of the caudal half of lower crest. The area next to the musculature free of black. In some tadpoles tail fins suffused with some ‘“‘reddish” orange pink, coral pink, or coral red, as in H. versicolor. Some spots of light vinaceous fawn on the lower side of the musculature for the first inch or more. Also some bright green yellow with it. Some black more or less in the middle line of the musculature. Caudal half of tail musculature with many large black spots. Iris dark greenish olive or dark olive heavily dotted with greenish yellow specks above and below the pupil; a clear dark greenish olive or black area behind and ahead of the pupil. Pupil rim with greenish yellow ring. Pupil rim with small emargination below. General appearance.—Tadpole medium (50.0 mm.), not so deep bodied as H. versicolor. Tail long or very long, rather narrow for a Hylid of H. versicolor group, quite attenuated, but tail tip rounded. Dorsal and ventral crest each less deep than the musculature. Dorsal crest reaching the vertical of spiracle or not reaching it. Spiracle 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 sinistral, directed obliquely backward, the opening elliptical. Spira- cle low, exactly on edge of ventral outline. Eye on lateral axis in dorsal aspect just inside the lateral outline and not visible from the venter. Anus dextral, very near or at edge of lower tail crest. Muciferous crypts indistinct. Mouth parts—Teeth %. Upper labium fringed with a continuous row of labial teeth; the papillae extend above and inward beyond the end of the upper fringe for about one-fourth to one-seventh of the length of the upper fringe. The end of the second row usually is even with the end of the upper fringe of teeth; the horny beak is contained 1.8—2.0 times in upper fringe. The median space of second upper row very short, eight to ten times in the length of either half. The inner papillae poorly developed, two to three rows at end of three series of lower teeth, not as well developed as in H. femoralis, B. squirella, or H. versicolor. Beneath the third lower labial row no inner papillae or very scarce. The third lower labial row equal to or slightly shorter than the first lower row. The first and second rows of lower teeth are about equal or the second row the longer and 1.5-2.0 greater than horny beak. This species has the longest second lower row of its group (H. versicolor, H. femoralis, H. arenicolor, H. squirella). Measurements.—Length of body (11.4-15.4 mm.) in tail (2.0-83 mm.) 1.7—2.2, average 1.83. Width (6.4-9.0 mm.) of body in its own length 1.6-2.0, average 1.76. Depth (5.0-7.6 mm.) of body 0.95-1.4 in body width, average 1.14. Depth of body 1.75-2.3 in body length, average 2.02. Depth (6.0-8.0 mm.) of tail in length of tail (20-33 mm.) 2.85-5.15, average 3.73. Muscular part (4.0-5.0 mm.) 1.28-1.76 in depth of tail, average 1.62. Spiracle 1.13-1.55 nearer base of hind legs or vent region (5.8-7.2 mm.) than the tip of the snout (7.8-10.4 mm.), average 1.37. Spiracle 1.44-2.42 nearer eye (2.8-5.0 mm.) than base of hind legs or vent, average 1.78. Eye: 1.0-1.7 nearer spiracle (2.8-5.0 mm.) than to tip of snout (4.6—- 6.0 mm.), average 1.36. Nostril nearer eye (2.0-3.0 mm.) than snout (3.6-5.0 mm.), average 2.08. Mouth (3.0-5.0 mm.) usually 0.83-1.7 larger than internasal space 2.2—4.0, average 1.3. Mouth contained 1.15-1.95 (average 1.46) in interorbital distance (5.0-7.0 mm.) | Internasal space (2.2-4.0 mm.) contained in interorbital space 1.3- 2.33, average 1.95. The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm Total lenBthes_ 6424).-8 82s 50.0), Spiracle to ventse 2.42 2- -Seee2 7.0 Deady, length 22) 2, le 15,4 | Spiraclesto eyes. 22 Eb ae 4. 2. BOOP VOC DU ase ee a 2 sees 7.0 | Hye to snoube. soo. eee 6. 0) BOC. WIGUIE. 40 oe te ee ee 9.'0 |’ Bye to nostril! =: 7+ os Lees 2. Gi Pel leng thst 2 Bie G elt CALE AE oo O') Nostril to sneutss 22222. eee 5. 0 Pailidepth:j sortie qin vin pas 64 MMomth eto e dee 5. 0 Tail, musculature of ____._____-_ 5. 0 | Interorbital distance_________-- 7.0 Spiracle to snouts. 5222252428 10. 4 | Internasal distance__..-..------ 4.0 art. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—W RIGHT 65 HYLA VERSICOLOR (LeConte) Plate 9, figures 4, 5 Color description from life (not Ridgway).—General color of back olive green. Background of back yellowish, covered with many fine hairlike black markings and golden and black spots, becoming orange in the head region and sometimes almost vermilion about the eye; the golden and black spots are more pronounced toward the tail; on the sides is a decided irridescence. The eye is slightly bronzy. The venter in general is conspicuously white or light cream and slightly iridescent. The belly is covered with fine golden spots. From the gill region forward the venter is greenish, a coloration produced by black and golden spots. The background of all the tail except the _ base is scarlet or orange-vermilion. The base of the tail is like the body. The tail is covered with black blotches, more prominent around the edges of the crests. These blotches become much more numerous as the hind legs develop. General appearance.—Tadpole medium (46.6 mm.), full, and deep bodied. Tail very long, deep, tip very acuminate with a prominent flagellum. The dorsal crest is as deep as the musculature and ex- tends on to the body to the vertical between the spiracle and the eye or to the spiracle. Spiracle sinistral, directed more backward than upward, far below the lateral axis and visible as an elliptical opening. Eye on lateral axis, in dorsal aspect on the lateral outline and in consequence visible from the venter. Anus dextral, very near or at the level of the edge of the lower tail crest. Muciferous crypts indistinct. Mouth parts—Teeth 2. Upper labium fringed with a continuous row of labial teeth; the papillae extend above and inward beyond the end of the upper fringe for about one-third of the length of the upper fringe. The end of the second row usually is even with the end of the upper fringe. The horny beak is contained about two times in the upper fringe. The median space between the lateral second upper labial rows quite short, 3.25—5 times the length of either lateral row. The inner papillae extends under the third row of lower labial teeth, making at least two rows of papillae across the lower labial border. In the lower labial corner there is a heavy papillary series of two or three rows, not so pronounced as in Hyla squirella or Hyla femoralis. The lower third labial teeth is long and is contained usually about 1.10—-1.25 times in the first or second row. The first or second rows about equal and 1.8-2.0 greater than the horny beak. This species like Hyla femoralis and H. squirella has an angulate upper fringe at its middle. Measurements.—(Okefinokee specimens). Length of body (14.8-16.0 mm.) in tail (27.4-31.2 mm.) 1.75-2.1 average, 1.92. Width 6359—29 5 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 (9.6-11.4 mm.) of body in its own length 1.38-1.6, average 1.5. Depth (8.2-10.0 mm.) of body 1.0-12 in body width, average 1.08. Depth of body 1.5-1.8 in body length, average 1.64. Depth (8.6-9.0 mm.) of tail in length of tail 3.1-4.0, average 3.6. Muscular part (4.6-5.0 mm.) 1.72-1.9 in depth of tail, average 1.8. Spiracle 1.3-1.6 nearer base of hind legs or vent region (6.6-9.0 mm.) than the tip of the snout (9.8-11.4 mm.). Spiracle 1.12-1.5 nearer eye than base of hind legs or vent, average 1.33. Eye to spiracle (5.0-6.0 mm.) about equal to eye (5.0-6.0 mm.). Nostril 1.36—-1.8 nearer eye than snout. Mouth (3.4-4.0 mm.) in 1.1—-1.35 internasal space (4.2-4.8 mm.), average 1.25. Mouth contained 1.65-2.05 (average 1.8) in interorbital distances (6.0-7.6 mm.). Internasal space contained in interorbital space 1.35-1.6, average 1.45. The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm. ousl lenpuhi2’ 0 2 res a ee 46.0" | ppiracie tO. Venubo..- 2-5 eee 7.6 Bodyilengthaeie=: etsy a Petes 15:'8>[" Spimaicie toreyelc2 Vs Ue See 6. 0 Body depth ic 84 22 02 20 ae) 10: OO Byettocanouts ie" Gssoep 2 Ok 5. 0 Bodsapyirithys 22265 2s eben cle g rey bi+4 ye temosivihiia. 2i-22'-fie Pb 2.2 Tail length_______ aren sl Sige fle ca S05 8hn| a Niostrltomsnoubess eee ee 3. 0 (BSED iin ese Per oe ee Seu te Viouthike se. ost Se eens 3. 6 Mustula ture ar tail tk 5. 0 | Interorbital distance_________-_- 4,2 Spiracle to-snouts eevee. 2 eos ce 10. 0 | Internasal distance___________-_ 6. 0 HYLA SQUIRELLA Latreille Plate 9, figure 1 Color description from life (June 28, 1922).—General color of body citrine drab. In general it has a greenish cast like tadpoles of Hyla cinerea and H. gratiosa. Developing ventral flap between hind legs ecru-olive; throat from line of eye to eye to mouth same color. Area behind gill area ocher red. Belly pigmented testaceous and chalced- ony yellow. These make a solid iridescence which on the sides and across the middle venter becomes replaced with black. Tail —Muscular part of tail dark olive buff. Muscular part without prominent clusters of blackish spots. The dots are uniformly scattered | over the muscular part but slightly thicker near the tip. The tail reminds one more of a Ramid tadpole tail in coloration. * Iris more or less black with a rim of testaceous or light coral red and chalcedony yellow spots amongst the black. General appearance.—Tadpole small (32 mm.), full, and fairly deep bodied. Tail long, tail tip acuminate, a flagellum present. Dorsal and ventral crests well developed and tail in general deep. Dorsal crest not as deep as the tail musculature. Dorsal crest extends on to the body about to the vertical of the spiracle. Spiracle sinistral directed upward and backward, well below the lateral axis, the spiracular opening prominent elliptical lateral axis, is in dorsal | ART. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 67 aspect on the lateral outline and in consequence is visible from the venter. Anus dextral, opening at the level of the edge of the ventral crest. Muciferous crypts indistinct. Mouth parts—Teeth 2. Upper labium fringed with a continuous row of labial teeth; the papillae extend above and inward beyond the end of the upper fringe for about one-third to three-tenths of upper fringe. The end of the second upper labial row is usually even with the end of the upper fringe. The horny beak is contained about 1.8—2.0 times in the upper fringe. The median space between the lateral second upper labial rows of short teeth, 3.25—-5 in the length of either lateral row sometimes very narrow (six in lateral row). The inner papillae extend under the third row of lower labial teeth, making at least two rows across the lower labial border. In the lower labial corner there is a heavy papillary series sometimes three or four rows wide like H. versicolor or H. femoralis. The lower third labial row is long and is usually about the length of the first or second lower labial rows and longer than the horny beak. The first and second rows are about equal and one and one-half to one and three-fourths greater than the horny beak. This species, like H. versicolor and H. femoralis, has the upper fringe very angulate at the middle. Measurements.—Length of body (10-12 mm.) in tail (16-20 mm.) 1.55-2.05, average 1.75. Width (5.0-6.6 mm.) of body in its own length 1.7—2.2, average 1.875. Depth (5.0-7.0 mm.) of body equals body width or slightly greater. Depth of body 1.5-2.2 in body length, average 1.81. Depth (6.0-8.0 mm.) of tail in length of tail 2.3-3.3, average 2.8. Muscular part (3.0-4.2 mm.) 1.5-2.33 in depth of tail, average 1.87. Spiracle 1.15-1.75 nearer base of hind legs or vent region (4.0-6.5 mm.) than the tip of the snout (6.5-8.0 | mm.), average 1.47. Spiracle 1.4-2.2 nearer eye (2.8-3.5 mm.) than base of hind legs or vent, average 1.7. Eye 1.1—1.6 nearer to spiracle (2.8-3.5 mm.) than to snout (4.0-5.0 mm.), average 1.38. _Nostril 1.5-2.4 nearer eye (1.2-2.0 mm.) than snout (2.8-3.5 mm.), average 1.8. Mouth (2.0-3.5 mm.) usually equal to internasal space (2.5-3.5 mm.). Mouth contained 1.1-1.8 (average 1.50) in interorbital distance (4.0-5.5 mm.). Internasal space contained in interorbital space 1.33-2.0, average 1.58. The dimensions of the largest tadpole are: Mm. Mm. Meee tength ss ie Peek e210) |Jepiracle to vent. . — 2 2-2 6.5 MeN PGR oe a Sak 120 |WSpiracdleitovevelw ye 0 ~ ee tS 3. 0 MCD OH 2 ie 6.5| Byeste snout. ogee 4.0 PE WICE HS =o SU soe ee Ig 6 Oil Bryve fomostril 28 foe ee 1,2 RE Ps og hee ts 20: 0. Nostril to snout. 2 3. 0 Bemedepth? 2 52 sao ea sk GeOrli Mottin tie wa te oe 8 3. 2 Semiasculature of tail_......_.-_- 4.0 | Interorbital distance_________-- 5. 0 ieepiracle to snout. ___.._.-__-_- 7.5 | Internasal distance____._...--- 3. 5 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM EXPLANATION OF PLATES s 2 VOL. 74 } i Figure 4 of Plate 5, figures 2, 9, 10, 11, and 18 of Plate 6, and figure 8 of Plate 7 are added for comparison and are not referred to in the text. Fia. Fia. Fia. Fia. gry 09 No CONAAPWYNE NSM PWN PE NOR WN PuatEe 1. MiscELLANEOUS . Gastrophryne texensis. . Scaphiopus couchit. . Scaphiopus hammondit. Scaphiopus holbrookit. . Gastrophryne carolinensis. Ascaphus truei (after Gaige). . Bufo americanus. . Bufo (Raleigh, N. C.). . Bufo terrestris. . Acris gryllus. . Pseudacris (Buffalo, Rochester, N. Y.). Pseudacris (Raleigh, N. C.). Pseudacris ocularis. Rana palustris. Rana aesopus. Rana pipiens. Rana heckschert. Rana heckscheri PuatTe 2. RANA . Rana catesbeiana. . Rana sphenocephala. Puate 3. RANA (young tadpole). Rana septenirionalis. Rana grylio. Hyla crucifer. . Hyla gratiosa. Hyla andersonit. Hyla cinerea. Hyla regilla. . Hyla squirella. . Hyla femoralis. . Hyla versicolor. Hyla femoralis. . Rana virgatipes. Rana onca. Hyla arenicolor. . Rana boylii sierrae. . Rana sylvatica. . Rana clamitans. Puatr 4. Hyta Puats 5. SuPPLEMENTARY Pseudacris (San Benito, Tex.). . Bufo punctatus. . Bufo compactilis. . Bufo valliceps. art, 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES—WRIGHT 69 Mature Tappoites (Aspout Natura. Size) PLATE 6. GASTROPHRYNE, Hypopacuus, Scaruiopus, Buro, Acris, Psrnupacris. <1 Fia. 1. Gastrophryne carolinensis. Trader’s Hill, Ga., June 24, 1922. 2. Hypopachus cuneus. San Benito, Tex., April 22, 1925. Dorsal aspect. 3. Gastrophyne texensis. Beeville, Tex., April 16, 1925. 4. Scaphiopus hammondii. Deming, N. Mex., July 24, 1925. 4. 5. Scaphiopus hammondii. Alamogordo, N. Mex., July 21, 1925. Dorsal aspect. 6. Scaphiopus holbrookii. Camp Pinckney near Folkston, Ga., June 22, 1922. 7. Scaphiopus couchii Comfort, Tex., June 5, 1925. 8. Bufo quercicus. Chesser’s Island, Folkston, Ga., August 10, 1922. 9. Bufo compactilis. Leon Creek, San Antonio, Tex., May 26, 1925. 10. Bufo punctatus. Helotes, Tex., June 5, 1925. 11. Bufo valliceps. Lee Branch, Helotes Creek, Tex., May 26, 1925. 12. Bufo americanus. Ithaca, N. Y. 13. Acris gryllus. Near Chesser’s Island, Folkston, Ga., July 24, 1922. 14. Acris. Beeville, Tex., May 14, 1925. 15. Acris. Helotes, Tex., May 26, 1925. 16. Pseudacris ocularis. Folkston, Ga., June 30, 1922. 17. Pseudacris Hilton, N. Y., June 11, 19238. 18. Pseudacris San Antonio, Tex., May 29, 1925. Photograph: Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, by A. A. Wright and A. H. Wright; Nos. 1, 6, 8, 18, 16 by F. Harper and A. A. Wright. ~ Puate 7. Rana. X1 Fig. 1. Rana aesopus. Chessers Island, Ga., August 10, 1922 2. Rana palustris. Ithaca, N. Y. 3. Rana onca. Las Vegas, Nev. 4. Rana sylvatica. Ithaca, N. Y. 5. Rana clamitans. Ithaca, N. Y. 6. Rana clamitans. Spanish Creek, Ga., July 17, 1922. 7. Rana pipiens. Ithaca, N. Y. 8. Rana Bandera Creek, Tex., March 11, 1925. 9. Rana sphenocephala. Folkston, Ga., July 25, 1922. 10. Rana sphenocephala. Folkston, Ga., July 10, 1922. Photographs: Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, by A. A. Wright and A. H. Wright; Nos. 1, 6, 9, 10, by F. Harper and A. A. Wright. PuaTE 8. Rana. X# Fia. 1. Rana heckscheri. Callahan, Fla., July 20, 1922. 2. Rana grylio. Okefinokee Swamp, Billys Island, Ga., August 5, 1922. 3. Rana heckscheri, young tadpole. Thompsons Landing, St. Marys River, Ga., July 17, 1922. . Rana grylio. Billys Island, Ga., May 11, 1921. Rana virgatipes. Lakehurst, N. J., May 26, 1924. . Rana septentrionalis. Onekio, N. Y., July 14, 1923. . Rana catesbeiana. Ithaca, N. Y. X#. . Rana catesbeiana. 1-year old tadpole. Ithaca, N. Y. . Rana catesbeiana. 3-5 months old. Ithaca, N. Y. Ppeteeephs: Nos. 5, 6; 7, 8, 9, by A. A. Wright and A. H. Wright; Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, by F. Harper and A. A. Wright. OONAaAP 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 74 Puate 9. Hyrua. X1 Fia. 1. Hyla squirella. Anna’s Pond, Folkston, Ga., June 27, 1922. 2. Hyla arenicolor. Fern Canyon, Alpine, Tex., July 6, 1925. 3. Hyla crucifer. Ithaca, N. Y. 4. Hyla versicolor. Ithaca, N. Y. 5. Hyla versicolor. Camp Pinckney, Folkston, Ga., June 22, 1922. 6. Hyla femoralis. Folkston, Ga., June 27, 1922. 7, 8. Hyla andersonit. Lakehurst, N. Y., June 28, 1923. 9. Hyla gratiosa. Petty Pond, Folkston, Ga., July 31, 1922. X1.2. 10. Hyla gratiosa. Young tadpoles. Traders Hill, Ga., June 24, 1922. 11. Hyla gratiosa. Forked tail. 12. Hyla cinerea. Camp Pinckney, Folkston, Ga., August 12, 1922. Photographs: Nos. 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, by A. A. Wright and A. H. Wright; Nos. 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, by F. Harper and A. A. Wright. O U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 11 PL. 1 MOUTH PARTS OF NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 68 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 11 PL. 2 | | | | | | MOUTH PARTS OF NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 68 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, me TTT nt 7 te ge = Nena , suinnnet TP, My sit age My pray int ART. MOUTH PARTS OF NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 68 11 PL. 3 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 11 MOUTH PARTS OF NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 68 PL. a a —. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 11 r_ Ped VE). a ——— ahs ee oy MOUTH PARTS OF NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 68 re imnl ’ A ar ‘. — ph Siar? EN y rs a mt — & s € 2 Seno “nh To snes i i 4g, svi "I —— ee ee “aera fs ' PL. 5 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 11 PL. 6 —e 2 3 | | { ; LATERAL ASPECTS OF LIVE TADPOLES FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 69 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 11. PL. LATERAL ASPECTS OF LIVE TADPOLES FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 69 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 11 PL. 8 ‘e& a Ss si > * te Sf < : ote ° se : aE Mee oe Ax in * ae mw, a ad eo LATERAL ASPECTS OF LIVE TADPOLES FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 69 | an U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 11. PL. 9 - LATERAL ASPECTS OF LIVE TADPOLES FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 70 A NEW POLYCHAETOUS ANNELID OF THE GENUS PHYLLODOCE FROM THE WEST COAST OF COSTA RICA By Aaron L. TREADWELL Of the Department of Zoology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. In August, 1927, a small collection of invertebrates from the Gulf of Nicoya was sent to the United States National Museum by Pro- fessor Manuel Valerio of the Lyceum of Costa Rica, for identification. Included in this material was a polychaetous annelid, here described, which appears to be new to science. PHYLLODOCE NICOYENSIS, new species Of the three specimens in the collection, only one is not badly coiled. This is 90 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide at the prostomium, and 1.5 mm. wide in the region of the fifteenth somite. So far as can be determined in their coiled condition the others are approxi- mately the same length. None is entire posteriorly, but all show a gradual tapering in width behind the fifteenth somite. In preserved material the body color is an iridescent purple, the parapodia, pros- tomium, peristomium, and tentacular cirri light brown. _ The anterior margin of the prostomium (fig. 1) is only very slightly rounded and from the bases of the tentacles each lateral margin slopes latero-posteriorly at an angle of about 45° as far as the level of the eyes. Here it bends forming the rounded latero- posterior prostomial angle. The posterior prostomial margin has the usual median incision, in which is a very small and inconspicuous papilla. The eyes are small and black, situated at about one quarter of the length of the prostomium from its posterior border. The tentacles are short and stout, about as long as the distance between those of opposite sides. The first tentacular cirrus and the ventral one on somite 2 are about equal in size and extend as far posteriorly as somite 5. The dorsal one on somite 2 extends to somite 8 and the one on somite 3 to somite 12. In two of the three individuals the proboscis is protruded. The proximal portion of the proboscis, extending rather more than one- No. 2757.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 74, ArT. 12. 5924—28 al 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 half its length, is much thinner walled and of greater diameter than the distal, though it is possible that this may be in part due to the preserving fluids. Rounded brown colored papillae (fig. 1) are distributed over the surface of this proximal portion. Dorsally, some eight rows of these papillae start at equal intervals on either side of the mid line, each row running in a postero-lateral direction of ae NOt en 4 or ter tert tee >, i Figs. 1-3.—PHYLLODOCHD NICOYENSIS, NEW SPECINS; 1, PROSTOMIUM AND PROBOSCIS X 7.53 2, PARAPODIUM X 22.5; 3, Sera X 250 around the proboscis. The anterior ones of these rows are the long- est and meet from opposite sides on the mid-ventral lines. The more posterior ones being shorter, end at the posterior margin of the proboscis. Other short rows start from the circumference of the end of the proximal region, those of opposite sides meeting in the mid-ventral line. At the anterior end of this mid-ventral line is a clear space, containing a few scattered papillae. The distal portion ART. 12 A NEW POLYCHAETOUS ANNELID—TREADWELL a of the proboscis is broadest at the apex, and has on either side three not very prominent longitudinal ridges. Its terminal margin carries 18 lobes. The parapodia (fig. 2) are similar in form throughout the body, differing only in that the most anterior ones are very small. The setal lobe has the usual arrangement of a bifid presetal and a rounded postsetal lip, the latter the shorter. The dorsal cirrophore has nearly twice the vertical diameter of the setal lobe and is two- thirds as long as it is. The cirrus is small and inconspicuous. The ventral cirrophore is a rounded elevation at the base of the setal lobe. The ventral cirrus is broadly rounded on its ventral margin and distally bends upward and outward to meet the dorsal at an acute angle. The dorsal margin is in general horizontal, but is more or less wavy in contour. The apex of the ventral cirrus extends a little beyond that of the setal lobe, and it is shorter than the dorsal cirrus. The setae differ from one another only in size, the swollen apex ot the shaft carrying numerous spines (fig. 3). The distal portion is long, slender, and slightly bent, and has numerous denticulations along the concave surface. The holotype (Cat. No. 19244 U.S.N.M.) was taken in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. O TSCHERMIGITE, AMMONIOJAROSITE, EPSOMITE, CEL- ESTITE, AND PALIGORSKITE FROM SOUTHERN UTAH By Eart V. SHannon Assistant Curator of Geology, United States National Museum INTRODUCTION During the summer of 1927 Mr. Frank Haycock, of Panguitch, Utah, sent a lot of specimens to the United States National Museum for identification. These proved of such interest that additional material was requested and Mr. Haycock generously responded by sending a second lot. The minerals recognized were tschermigite, the rare ammonia alum, ammoniojarosite, a new member of the jar- osite group in which ammonium oxide replaces the potash of jar- osite, epsomite, celestite, and a mountain cork or paligorskite. Later another lot of specimens of the associated paligorskite and celestite was sent independently for identification by Mr. M. J. Proctor, also of Panguitch. These minerals have all been studied in the Museum laboratory and the results of the examinations are given below. OCCURRENCE Following preliminary examination of the minerals and their identification, a report was rendered the sender and he was asked to give the locality from which the material came. This was con- sidered desirable before any detailed work was done on the minerals as the associated tschermigite and ammoniojarosite in lignitic shale were identical in appearance with the tschermigite and associated jarosite from Wamsutter, Wyo., described by Erickson? and it was thought that they might have been brought from the Wyoming locality. Mr. Haycock, in his reply, said that, inasmuch as he thought the deposit might have some commercial value, he did not wish to divulge its exact whereabouts until he had an opportunity to file mining claims to cover the occurrence. He assured me, how- 1}. Theodore Erickson. 'Tschermigite (ammonia alum) from Wyoming. Journ. Wash. Acad, Sci., vol. 12, No. 18, pp. 49-54, 1922. No. 2758.—PrRocEEpINGs U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 74, ArT. 13. 5925—28 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 | ever, that it was in southern Utah and thus about 300 miles, air line, from the Wyoming occurrence. His description of the occurrence is as follows: The tschermigite and jarosite occur intermingled at the top of a butte on the top of a hard sandstone bluff 200 feet high. The mineral-bearing structure is approximately 100 feet high with a more or less rounded contour 1,500 feet in diameter. It is located 20 miles from the nearest good road * * *,. Will say that this deposit lies on the western slope of the Kaibab (also called vari- ously Pahreah, Potato Valley, or Kaiparowitz) fault. The top of the butte is covered with about 1 foot of the “ egg-shell” stuff which is being sent you. Additional samples of the minerals are also being sent. Of the samples received as associated material, the most abundant is a grayish clay which contains obscure fragments of what may be plant remains. This disintegrates in water in a manner suggesting that it is largely bentonitic in character. Scattered through the samples and intimately associated with the ammoniojarosite are some obscure fossils which were provisionally identified as Ostrea glabra and Corbula perundata by Dr. John B. Reeside. These ‘fix the age of the beds as upper Cretaceous. The paligorskite and celestite are inclosed in friable red sandstone similar to that of the Triassic ‘‘ Red Beds.” DESCRIPTION OF THE MINERALS TSCHERMIGITE The ammonia alum, tschermigite, was first described by Beudaunt under the name “ammonalaun”? as occurring in fibrous veins in the lignite of Tschermig in Bohemia. The name tschermigite was given to the substance by von Kobell in 18538. Aside from the Tschermig locality and one in a mine at Dux, also in Bohemia, the mineral has been more recently described as occurring in cubic crystals at a mine in Brux, Bohemia, by Sachs.’ In all of the Bo- hemian localities the mineral is associated with lignitic coal. It has also been found as a volcanic sublimate at Mount Etna and at Sol- _ fatara at Puzzuoli. The first American occurrence of the ammonium alum noted was 38 miles south of Wamsutter, Wyo. This material has been analyzed and described by Erickson.t| The mineral occurs in a 6-foot bed of lignitic shale and the ledge is traceable along the brink of the hills for nearly 3 miles. The tschermigite forms fibrous veins and cements shale fragments, nodules of yellow jarosite, and a few scattered gypsum crystals. 2Traite de Mineralogie, vol. 2, p. 497, 1832. 8 Centralbl. Mineralogie, 1907, p. 465. 4. Theodore Erickson. Journ, Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 12, pp. 49-54, 1912. arr. 13 MINERALS FROM SOUTHERN UTAH—SHANNON 3 The Utah mineral is so similar in appearance and associations to that from Wyoming that, were specimens from the two localities mixed it would be impossible to separate them. Like those described by Erickson the Utah specimens consist of fibrous veins up to 1 centimeter thick, of glassy transparent tschermigite cementing frag- ments of lignitic shale and nodules of yellow jarositic material. People familiar with the Wyoming specimens insisted that the Utah material must be from the same locality but, aside from the other evidence, this is disproven by the upper Cretaceous fossils in the Utah specimens. The Wyoming mineral occurs in the Wasatch formation _ of lower Eocene age and the tschermigite-bearing bed is immediately below the upper Eocene Green River shale. The veinlets of Utah tschermigite seldom exceed 1 centimeter in thickness, and most of them are much thinner than this in the specimens at hand. The mineral is transparent, colorless, and glassy, with only an indistinctly fibrous structure or appearance, which is mostly due to canals or elongated cavities in one direction across the veins. Ample material was available for analysis. After washing with alcohol and drying in air a 2.5-gram sample was weighed out, dissolved in water, and filtered. The insoluble material was chiefly lignite, which was weighed after air-drying for several days. The solution, made up to definite volume, was divided into aliquot por- tions, each equivalent to one-half gram of sample. All constituents except water were determined on these portions. Ammonia was determined by the addition of an excess of potassium hydroxide and distilling the liberated ammonia into a measured volume of stand- ard acid, the excess of acid being titrated with standard alkali in the usual manner. The other constituents were determined by the customary methods. The analysis gave the following results: Analysis of tschermigite from Utah (Earl VY. Shannon, analyst) Per cent Banmiiple® (Monitey etch) tit Eee ret Sesh eee ye ee eS es eae 0. 04 Pent Pabeses ereivenine Dy ey tS ON UA eat ee Bin Decry sy Pe esd Gd Sees wh er 11. 86 mem) eeemey eee R A eer 8 28) Se oe, Riek Se A ee Trace rRNA ere ee peri S Ss a en ee ee eek ge ee es Se 10 Sg eS eh ne RRS a eee Bae Re ee 28 a aie ee cy otal ee I as SIPS S co tla, Se eh Fs te ea ae i DRED Baer 48 K:0 a a ee 25 Ren ati ye yee 2 Pie tds = See 2 te) teehee) 21 S3b sie seh_ 2a aie teas Sei) te MEE Le 4.78 eet reat) Ra ek oh Sh) a oh oe . 04 a nae ene AE Sn res 9 ae chee op eS os ns oe ee ho A ee BD. T SSE OV Coli (oe Oem etwas. 2 Slee ee er kro 5 AN Te ee, Se 21.68 MRM yeti (0S 5 lees yee ke ge ge ht ON ee ceed po ee rite 25.16 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 After standing a year in the laboratory the mineral is still clean, fresh, and glassy and exhibits no tendency to alteration or dehydra- tion. Under the microscope the analyzed material was pure and uni- formly isotropic with an index of refraction of 1.460. The specimens exhibit no crystal faces, the free ends of the fibers being in most cases somewhat dissolved or corroded. For comparison several previ- ous analyses of tschermigite from other localities, including Erickson’s analysis of the Wyoming material are given in the following table: Previous analyses of tschermigite 1 | 2 | 3 4 | RNAS Se cece Read oe peg ee ee ae a 11. 57 11. 28 11.40 11.39 (NH vO st a) SE eee Ae 5.23 74 | 5. 86 5. 62 1a 0 ae Sh IS Bn eh pr oot ES 9 ita cle ger SI git eens Ki0 Re Oh BRR as eee Es ree Praca. | 22.2 Sa 06 7 VT Oa ase ee i ae ee a an ee ee SAS eee ea noe | eee Soe eee BOnes > ist Ce LY te Bi ee Pe 35. 11 35. 33 34.99 | 35.14 RO cae be ore er ane wr ean Ser teen Peter et 47. 82 47. 65 47.69 | 2347.59 Imsola blesses sane = een nae ame nee eee ee OG) |b tba ierss § oe) Ss ee eee es - _ -08 NbiOs \CaOe Class. Sit ttn tenes eee eee eee ees OPT aAGe sa seen ee | p RTage aN ae FOL | 100.13! 100.00! 100.00 | 100. 00 | 1. Average analysis of tschermigite from Wyoming. E. T. Erickson, analyst. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 12, p. 50, 1922. 2. Composition for formula .Al2(SO4)3. (N H4)S 04.24H20. : 3. Tschermigite from Dux, Bohemia. J. V. Duchmuller, analyst, Centr. Min. Geol., 1907, pp. 465-467. 4, Tschermigite, from Brux, Bohemia. A. Sachs, analyst, Centr. Min. Geol., 1907, pp. 465-467. AMMONIOJ AROSITE A preliminary paper announcing ammoniojarosite as a new mineral has already been published by the writer.® Jarosite is a hydrous ferric-iron-potash sulphate which has been known since 1838. It is widespread in occurrence and has been identified at a large number of localities. The large content of ferric iron gives it a brown color, and, although occasionally lustrous transparent crystals a millimeter or two in diameter are found, the usual form of the mineral is a friable earthy-appearing mass of fine grained silky lustered material. It greatly resembles earthy or ocherous limonite but, when examined microscopically, it is found to consist of loose aggregates of micro- scopic transparent crystals which are tabular rhombohedral in form. Its resemblances to limonite have often caused it to be overlooked and many occurrences have doubtless failed of recognition for this reason. Sixty-four years after the description of the original potash jarosite Hillebrand and Penfield ° described two new members of the group. In the first of these potash is replaced by soda, a very ordinary instance of the substitution of one alkali for another, and the mineral was named natrojarosite. In the other, however, the somewhat sur- prising situation was found wherein the univalent potassium oxide 5 Earl V. Shannon. Ammoniojarosite, a new mineral of the jarosite group from Utah. Amer. Mineralogist, vol. 12, No. 12, pp. 424-426, 1927. 6 W. F. Hillebrand and 8S. L. Penfield. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 14, p. 211, 1902. ART. 13 MINERALS FROM SOUTHERN UTAH—SHANNON ay was replaced by the oxide of a heavy bivalent metal, lead, and the mineral was named plumbojarosite. In the hand specimen these two new members of the group had the same appearance as ordinary jarosite, from which they can not be distinguished without chemical tests, although the lead member may be recognized by its higher specific gravity in some specimens. Numerous examples appear to exist isomorphously intermediate between the plumbojarosite, natro- jarosite, and jarosite. Plumbojarosite carries sufficient lead to have been smelted in several instances as an ore. Utahite, vegasite, and several other supposedly distinct species have been found to be identical with one or the other of the above minerals. Still more recently a jarosite mineral very rich in silver from the Tintic district in Utah has been examined by Schaller? and found to have silver oxide as the essential base in place of potash. To this interesting mineral, the first known in which silver enters as an oxygen compound, the name argentojarosite was given. This, again, had superficially all of the characteristics of ordinary jarosite. Since such unexpected cases of isomorphism in this group it is hard to predict what others may be found. In the Boss mine in Nevada a small amount of plumbojarosite was mined which carried compara- tively large amounts of platinum and palladium.* These apparently were not entirely present as the native metals and the platinum and palladium may have replaced the lead of the plumbojarosite. The jarosites are essentially minerals of arid climate. Although occur- ring in numerous localities where sulphides have oxidized in dry regions, the minerals of the group are almost unknown in areas of more humid climate. Erickson ® described jarosite occurring associated with the tscher- migite from Wyoming as coating or sometimes inclosed in the alum and also in pure nodular masses. It was pale yellow in color and fine grained, but the individual crystals could be recognized under the highest magnifying power of the petrographic microscope. Since an ammonia member of the jarosite group was anticipated the ammonia content of this Wyoming material was determined and found to be 1.30 per cent (NH,).O, or 1.25 per cent when corrected for included tschermigite. Although an ammoniacal variety, this obviously did not closely approach the ammonia end member of the group. With Erickson’s results in mind, the present writer very carefully exam- ined the jarosite associated with the Utah tschermigite and upon analysis this was found to contain a definite preponderance of am- 7Waldermar T, Schaller. Argentojarosite, a new silver mineral. Preliminary note. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 13, No. 11, p. 233, 1923. 8 Adolph Knopf. A gold-platinum palladium lode in southern Nevada. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 620, pp. 1-18, 1916. ®° EH. Theodore Erickson. Journ, Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 12, pp. 49-54, 1922. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 monia over soda and potash. Consequently it has been given the — name ammoniojarosite. Thus five definite members of the jarosite group are now known, having the following formulas: Jarosite, K.0, 3Fe.0:, 4S0;, 6H20. Natrojarosite, Na:O, 38F e203, 4803, 6H20. Plumbojarosite, PbO, 3Fe.0:, 4S0:, 6H20. Argentojarosite, Ag:O, 3le203, 4803, 6H20. Ammoniojarosite (NH:):20, 3Fe.0;, 4S0;, 6H20. These minerals form a division of the large alunite-beudantite series of minerals as defined by Schaller ?° and numerous other related compounds are to be expected. Ammoniojarosite and argentojaro- site, the two newest members of the group, have their type localities — in Utah and all of the known members of the group have been found in that State. The Utah ammoniojarosite forms small, soft, ocherous lumps of pale yellow color and darker hard, irregular, flattened nodules up to 4 centimeters broad by 5 millimeters thick, embedded in blackish- brown lignitic material. Some of it is stained darker brown by limo- nite and a little occurs in shaly masses largely composed of the im- perfect Cretaceous fossils mentioned above. On fresh fracture the color of most of the purer lumps is light ocherous yellow and the luster is dull-waxy to earthy. One of the largest and purest lumps was selected and freed as far as possible from adhering lignite. This was finely ground and di- gested with frequent stirring in hot distilled water long enough to remove all tschermigite and other water-soluble salts. It was then filtered out of suspension, washed thoroughly with hot water, dried in air, reground, and allowed to stabilize its water content in air for several days. The powder was then analyzed by standard methods. Five grams were weighed out, dissolved in hot hydrochloric acid and filtered. The undissolved material was dried in air for several days and then weighed, after which it was ignited and again weighed. It consisted principally of lignite with a very little clayey material. The solution was made up to 500 cc. and divided into 5 aliquot parts. On these portions, equivalent to 1 gram of sample each, the con- stituents other than water and ammonia were determined. Water and ammonia were determined by standard methods on separate por- tions of the same powder. The analysis gave the following results and ratios: 10 Waldemar T. Schaller. The alunite-beudantite group. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 509, pp. 70-76, 1912. 7 ~I ArT. 18 MINERALS FROM SOUTHERN UTAH—SHANNON Analysis and ratios of ammoniojarosite (Earl V. Shannon, analyst) Per cent Ratios ePIC ES |S CrcOe oo eae en ee ee ee ere ee ee ee ee 0. 76 : 4 eee aay Ce: Lea ee ee eS. Trace. TOL aie eT se Stele os PP SID Ne ae as fy ee - 02 0. 000 Megig tah. tae Cee oe ahst yy Se sow sae) eee 49. 30 “309{0- 309 0. 1033 RESO ree eae: ne eR kee a a TAR ee eee 05 . 001 Ore see ae, Poee wee) sie eee Lee eee Se SS eS 1G ee SCI Fee 13 . 003 SESE N CR ee eee pin sk ce ne a Re EAE TR RS RS Rees . 22 . 004 Behe Ses Rane Ty OS oe. ye SEL oe Shee BLE a ae 1. 56 -0177 .106 .106X1 RPT EY 5 meee eae ee ate ROS ROY ETRE RS Saad Bec PS 4.23 - 081 Ss) ee nye eee Mir Dae A ea OO race ath. po loss PRC ees oe ee BD a SA See a ae BA SPSS Fg Nones|"= 9 aes Sa geen ene ae 2 tye ee een ee BI A a) oe 34. 49 -431 .108X4 Pies (ene ee eee BONERS SO TOR A BS PPD TE ES 9. 86 .547 .091X6 100. 62 | Except in that the water content is a little low the results agree very well with the formula (NH,),0.3F e,0,.4S0,.6H,0. The existence of the ammonia member of the group is thus estab- lished. The theoretical composition to satisfy the above formula is: (NH,),0.5.43; FeO, 49.92, SO, 33.88, and H,O 11.27 per cent. Under the microscope the analyzed sample was found to be made up of minute transparent tabular grains, a few of which showed hexagonal outline. These were too small to yield an interference figure, but those lying on the basal plane are dark between crossed nicols, so the mineral is uniaxial or nearly so. Plates on edge show positive elongation,-so the mineral is probably optically negative. The refractive indices could not be accurately measured but they are approximately o=1.800, «=1.750 both+0.005. The ammoniojarosite has probably been formed through the oxidation of pyrite in the lignitic material. EPSOMITD One lot of material, when received, consisted of long-fibrous masses and shorter fibers having a pearly or silky luster. This gave the qualitative reactions of epsomite. The only impurity in this mate- rial was a little bentonite, and fragments of the epsomite occur in another sample of the bentonite, indicating that the magnesium sulphate occurs associated with the bentonitic clay and not in the lignite which carries the tschermigite and ammoniojarosite. When received this fibrous epsomite was lustrous and firm. Microscopic examination was fortunately made immediately after the samples were received before any dehydration had begun. The mineral was biaxial and negative with 2E medium small. The grains are lath- shaped and showed parallel extinction. They lie on either one of 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 two cleavages, presumably parallel to the prism (110) and the pina- coid (010). The acute bisectrix is perpendicular to the latter cleav- age and the axial plane is across the elongation, so that the long direction of the fibers is Y. The dispersion, r ee HEZOsse aa eee Trace Saree are None. (Of: 16 BER Seaeaene Ne PD Yorn eee Aes ee nA eee pb Pe (NP ShO) Bee oe ae | 43.38 | .542 .542X1 .94X1 NaeiQerie + ieee . 28 i | RaQ fn bas Trace. | | | 99.85 | These results show that the material has been dehydrated to a degree where the composition approximates the formula MgSO,.8H,O. Under the microscope this analyzed powder was found to be very finely crystaline granular with the grains were too small to yield a definite interference figure although very hazy and questionable figures appear to indicate a biaxial negative mineral with 2V medium. The refractive indices are variable, but the mean index is about 1.490. This powder, when exposed to dry air in a desiccator over calcium chloride for 40 hours did not change in weight. Heated for six hours at 110° C. the powder lost 22.90 per cent and the sample thus dehydrated regained 1.10 per cent on standing three weeks over calcium chloride. A second specimen of the lot was unlike the fibrous epsomite in appearance and was granular, translucent, and white in color. It was readily soluble in water and by qualitative tests was proven to 11Msper S. Larsen, Microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. U. 8S. Geol. Survey Bull. 679. 27, L. Walker and A. L. Parsons. Hexahydrite from Oroville, Wash., U. S. A., Univ. Toronto Geol. Series No. 24. Contributions to Canadian mineralogy, 1927, p. 21. ee art. 13 MINERALS FROM SOUTHERN UTAH——-SHANNON 9 be a hydrous magnesium sulphate free from ammonia, potash, chlorine, and carbon dioxide. Under the microscope this was seen to consist of small equidimensional euhedral crystals loosely aggre- gated. These lie on faces either perpendicular to Y or to an optic axis. They are biaxial and negative with 2. medium small, dis- persion weak. ‘The indices of refraction are a=1.430, 8=1.455, g=1.460. These optical properties indicate that this material at the time of examination was also, epsomite and this also has altered completely and the specimen has fallen to pieces. It was not analyzed. Fic. 1.—CELESTITH CRYSTAL. PANGUITCH, UTAH CHLESTITH Celestite does not occur immediately associated with the epsomite and ammonia bearing sulphates but is a constituent of separate specimens made up of celestite and paligorskite in friable red sand- stone. Some of the specimens consist almost entirely of massive- granular celestite with very little paligorskite and others are pali- gorskite free from celestite. The best specimens are of a vein in sandstone which has an open cellular filling of mixed paligorskite and celestite. The celestite is later than the paligorskite and some of the smaller celestite crystals which are supported by the fibers are doubly terminated. They range from 1 millimeter to 2 centi- meters in length although the larger ones show parallel growth and are curved and imperfect. The smaller transparent and more perfect crystals have the habit shown in figure 1 and are tabular from the development of very flat domes, and elongated parallel to the 6 axis. The larger and less perfect crystals are similar but the 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 prism faces m(110) are extended to a point eliminating the pinacoid face b (010). The optical properties are the normal ones for celestite, and the mineral gives the characteristic blowpipe reactions and strontium flame. The crystal measured gave the following angles: Measurements of celestile, Figure 1 Form Symbol Measured | Calculated ————— Quality description Fe | No | Letter Gadt. | Miller ¢ p | o p | ° / ° Ps tte / ° ’ tliat 0 ON O0r Ease 0 00 2 | m co 90 00) 52 00| 90 60 3) om co | ei 90 20| 52 00/| 90 00 4 é OF | 01512") Blurred} xounded—==">=-e == | O 12 Side (O00 6 06 5 | p 0% | O18) | Narrows iaints—= So) See 00) 10 10; O 00 9 06 6 | 1 0 | LOZ Goods aaa epee ene eee 90 10] 39 47/ 90 00} 39 2 ca l 40 102s} e a doe 2 ee eee 90 OL 39 38; 90 00] 39 23 8 | d 140 104;|ivieditim = ee eee | 90 10 22 a 90 00) 22 19 Die vad 40 104] 22% Os eas te Soe | 90 Ol} 22 25] 2 00] 22 19 1 | Even the smaller crystals are somewhat imperfect and do not give good measurements. The minerals of the veins do not penetrate the ‘adjacent sandstone which appears unaltered and is scarcely cemented. PALIGORSKITE Paligorskite is an old name used to indicate matted fibrous and very light felted material of the character of “ mountain cork ” when in masses and “ mountain leather ” when in thin sheets. Most of the material so designated may have been merely a structure phase of ordinary fibrous or asbestiform tremolite or possibly in some cases serpentine of the chrysolite variety. Much of the material included under this classification has been known to contain considerable water and for this reason paligorskite has been considered an altered and hydrated asbestiform amphibole. Fersmann* in describing a specimen of the mineral from Russia attempted to interpret the col- lected analyses by postulating a “ paligorskite group ” made up of variable isomorphous mixtures of two end members, namely: Parasepiolite, (A) HsMg28i:02. =2Me¢0.8Si0:;.4H20. Paramontmorillonite, ( B ) HLA Sis012.5H20 = A1,03.48i02.7H20. Like too many theories as to the chemical constitution of the silicate minerals, this appears to lack sufficient proof to make it readily ac- ceptable and, inasmuch as many of the analyses are old and not made upon microscopically studied material they doubtless include both inaccurate analytical work and analyses made on inhomogeneous materials. It seems certain that many mountain corks are really 123A. HW. Fersmann. Min. Inst. Univ. Moscow. Bull. Acad. Imp. St. Petersburg, 1908, pp. 255-274, Chem, Abstr., vol. 2, p. 403. ArT. 13 MINERALS FROM SOUTHERN UTAH—SHANNON | composed of sepiolite. A very typical example which was found to be abundant in one place in the iron ores of the Cerro Mercado, Durango, Mexico, by Dr. W. F. Foshag has recently been analyzed by him in the museum laboratory. The results of this analysis are given together with two other sepiolites of similar structure and composition : Analyses of fibrous sepiolites bog a s_| l 2 3 Sree pari sai 3 BB o8 | SBE 07 ihe 184 || NieaO- — see eal ep ca 45 Mr pees 8 cai ua 1.81 RSM Aa SABI kaOl ge stsi4 a cd favs weet. Samay Fe 125 UGA Oye se Pe RE | . 43 -70 | None. |} H2O above 110° C________ 10. 20 9.90 9. 63 Mera Ogee fies ne dst 118507" ee Siig! |Hataates H20 below 110° C_____._- 8.60! 880] 10.55 ame ete SA SY [spas Le eenal bec TN 7 RE Vg OTA we 5 Bae Beers 99.57 | 99.74 | 98.77 Mapes | 22.95 | 22.50 | 24. 54 | 1. Light corky snow-white masses associated with clear yellow apatite crystals in iron ore, Cerro Mercado, Durango, Mexico. Wm. F. Foshag, analyst. 2. Fibrous material “‘from a silver mine in Utah.”’ A. H. Chester, analyst. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 13, p. 296, 1877. Dana System of Mineralogy, 6 ed. p. 681. 3. “‘Hydrous anthophyllite” Alberton, Md. Geo. P. Merrill, analyst. Cat. U.S. N. M. No. 62778. “Asbestos and asbestiform minerals. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, pp. 281-292, 1895. These fibrous sepiolites are very similar to the aluminous materials properly designated paligorskites. . The paligorskite associated with the celestite in the Utah specimens at hand is, superficially, very nearly identical with the Mexican material. It forms typical “mountain cork” masses up to several inches in diameter, which are so porous as to float on absolute methyl alcohol of gravity 0.79. Where not soiled or dirty it is snow-white in color and is lusterless, with a dry meager and papery feel. A purified sample was analyzed, giving then results and ratios of columns 1 and 2 of the following table: The analysis is very similar to that of Fersmann on material from the Kadainsk mine, Nerts- chinsk, Siberia, as given in column 3. Analyses and ratios of paligorskite 1 2 rae 52.55 | 0.872 0.1456 0.98X6_...........-_--- 55. 57 TROL ASS. C194MIe OI cde ss 12. 63 ED LACGs1 Mee teary bea RL CY, a) eon Ue geet YO MG MIG ot. 1s AIOE ei | YL) A ae 7B 1.39 | .025 aT 10. 63 aay -145X2 .98X2_------------_--- 1 9.75 Trace. | j een ee 14.16 | 12.34 ae }1. 205 ADIN ROB KBe ee) ate 100. 03 | 99.97 1. Paligorskite from Utah. Earl V. Shannon, analyst. 2. Ratios of same. 3. Paligorskite, Nertschinsk, Siberia. A. E. Fersmann, analyst. The above analysis of the Utah material yields rather closely the formula 2MgO.A1,0,.6SiO,.8H,O. The material from Russia repre- sented by Fersmann’s analysis is interpreted by him as composed of . 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 1 part of parasepiolite (A) with 2 parts of paramontmorillonite (B). The isomorphous mixture in these proportions he calls beta-paligor- skite. Under the microscope the Utah material appears in matted aggregated of fine fibers which have a more or less parallel position. The material is not suitable for exact optical measurements. ‘The masses show moderate birefringence, parallel extinction, and posi- tive elongation. The mean index of refraction is about 1.490. The masses of fibers show a confused interference figure with the emer- gence of a negative bisectrix, apparently of large angle and possibly the obtuse bisectrix. This would make the mineral optically positive with Z the elongation. These are similar to the properties given by Larsen for parasepiolite which, however, is optically negative. C) NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM THE MIOCENE OF VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA, WITH A BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE DIVISIONS OF THE CHESAPEAKE GROUP By Wenpveiti C. Mansrreip Of the United States Geological Survey The purpose of this paper is to briefly outline the different divisions of the Chesapeake group of the Miocene epoch in Virginia and to describe and illustrate seven new species and five new subspecies of mollusks occurring in some part of this group. I wish to express my sincere thanks to the officials of the United States National Museum for the facilities offered by this institution in the use of former collections. The types of the described mollusks are deposited in the United States National Museum. DIVISIONS OF THE CHESAPEAKE GROUP Inasmuch as a more complete discussion of the divisions of the Chesapeake group is to be published under the heading “ Summary of the Miocene stratigraphy of Virginia based upon the study of the fauna” in a volume forming a number of the George Washington University Bulletin, it is undesirable to give here more than a brief outline. The following divisions are recognized : 5 SEAT « ; {upper part ee eos alti {ide part Yorktown formation lower part Zone 1, or Pecten clintonius zone Zone 2, or Crassatellites meridionalis Chesapeake group zone | | St. Marys formation Zone 1, or Bulliopsis quadrata zone | | | | Choptank formation | Stratum A { Calvert formation No. 2759.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 74, ArT. in 5926—28 at: 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 The Calvert formation constitutes the lower part of the Chesapeake group. The material composing this formation consists of dark-gray or olive sandy, usually diatomaceous clay. The Choptank formation, where recognized, overlies the Calvert. The materials composing this formation consist of dark-brown rather soft sand and greenish-gray clayey sand alternating with indurated sandstone layers. The St. Marys formation is divided into three parts. The lower part, or stratum A, consists of a nearly unfossiliferous dark sandy plastic clay. The overlying fossiliferous parts are divided into two faunal zones—zone 1, or Bulliopsis quadrata zone, constituting the lower fossiliferous part, and zone 2, or Crassatellites meridionalis, the overlying part. The Yorktown formation is separated into two faunal zones—zone 1, or Pecten clintonius zone, for the lower part; and zone 2, or Turritella alticostata, for the overlying part. Zone 1 includes, in part, the “ Murfreesboro stage ” of Olsson.’ The term Murfreesboro is preoccupied, being used by Safford and Kille- brew’ to designate the lowest limestone of the Central Basin of Ten- nessee. As the fauna of this zone is more closely related to the fauna of the Yorktown formation than to that of the St. Marys formation, I have placed the zone as the basal part of the Yorktown. Zone 2 of the Yorktown formation is again divisible into three minor divisions. The lower part underlies the fragmental beds; the middle part, the fragmental beds; and the upper part overlies the fragmental beds and represents the latest deposit of the Yorktown formation in Virginia. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES? Class GASTROPODA CLATHRODRILLIA? BELLOIDES RUSHMERENSIS, new subspecies Plate 1, figure 4 Shell small, rather solid, moderately slender, prominently axially and finely spirally sculptured, and consisting of six remaining whorls—nucleus broken away. Whorls expanded medially, con- stricted at the sutural zone. Suture appressed. Anal fasciole wide, shallowly depressed, undulated anteriorly by the rising ribs. Axial sculpture of (on the body whorl, nine) strong, rounded, protractive 1 Olsson, Axel, Bull. Amer. Paleontology, vol. 5, pp. 155-163, 1917. 2 Safford, J. M., and Killebrew, J. B., Elements of Geology of Tennessee, p. 125, 1900. The photographic illustrations were made in the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey by Mr. W. O. Hazard and the retouching of the prints by Miss Frances Wieser of the section of illustrations of the same bureau. . ART. 14 FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM THE MIOCENE—MANSFIELD 3 ribs, extending from the anal fasciole forward to the suture on the spire whorls and to the base on the body whorl. Spiral sculpture of narrow bands on the whorls in front of the anal fasciole; on the early whorls these are narrow, closely set, and occasionally inter- calated with a spiral thread; on the later whorls, especially over the base, the bands are wider and usually intercalated with a finer spiral. Spiral sculpture within the anal fasciole of fine closely set threads. One or two slightly heavier threads lie in front of the suture. The spiral sculpture over the whole surface of the shell is minutely rough- ened by axial growth-lines. Aperture wide, subovate in form. Anal notch wide and deep. Outer lip thin, slightly inflected at the lower part. Columella and parietal wall with a heavy wash of callus. Siphonal canal short, anteriorly bent backward. Dimensions.—Type (Cat. No. 352486, U.S.N.M.), altitude, 11 mm.; ereatest diameter, 4 mm.; length of aperture, 4 mm.; width of aper- ture, 1.8 mm. Type locality—uvU. 8S. G. S. Station 1/286, Rushmere Whart, on James River, Va., highest bed exposed. (W. C. Mansfield, collector.) The new subspecies differs from Clathrodrillia? belloides (Olsson), described from the Yorktown formation, James River above Smith- field, Va., in having fewer, stronger, and more protracted axials. Occurrence.—Y orktown formation, middle part of the Turritella alticostata zone; known only from type locality. FUSINUS (BUCCINOFUSUS) PROPEPARILIS, new species Plate 1, figures 5, 9 Shell of moderate size, fusiform, solid, axially and spirally sculp- tured. Whorls rapidly enlarging, rounded, moderately constricted at the suture. Suture appressed and undulating. Subsutural area wide and shallowly excavated. Axial sculpture of (on the penulti- mate whorl, twelve) strong, rounded, vertical ribs, strongest over the periphery of the whorl. These ribs do not descend to the base on the first half of the body whorl and become obsolete over the last half. Whole surface axially marked by fine growth lines, all the spirals being rugose. Spiral sculpture of five to six primary threads, beginning on the posterior slope and extending forward to the suture. There are about 26 of these spirals on the last whorl and the canal. Besides the primary spirals, secondary threads vary- ing in strength intercalate the primary spirals and ornament the rest of the surface. On approaching the end of the canal these secondaries become stronger and are reduced to two or three in number. Aperture ovate. Canal long and reflexed anteriorly. Columella coated with callus along the border and side of the siphonal canal. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 14 Dimensions—Type (Cat. No. 370828, U.S.N.M.), altitude, 88 mm.; greatest diameter, 28 mm. Type locality —vU. 5. G. S. station 1/478a, Bellefield, Va., basal bed. (W. C. Mansfield, collector.) The new species is related to Fusinus parilis (Conrad), a species in the St. Marys formation, but Conrad’s species is a stouter shell, having a proportionally larger body whorl. The spirals, also, on the St. Marys species are much stronger and the subsutural area is less excavated and more coarsely spirally marked. Occurrence—Yorktown formation, zone 1, Grove Wharf (old wharf), James River, Va., lowest bed exposed. (Collected by Dr. Frank Burns, 1892, and by W. C. Mansiield, 1923.) PISANIA (CELATOCONUS) BURNSI, new species Plate 1, figures 1, 3 Shell solid, elongate-ovate, body whorl about twice as long as spire, consisting of about five whorls—apical whorls decorticated. Sutural area moderately depressed, suture close-fitting, shallowly and narrowly channeled. Sculpture of (on the body whorl, 23) seminod- ulous, nearly flat, brown spiral bands separated by areas of about half their width. Over the basal slope of the body whorl a spiral line intercalates the bands. Growth lines overrun the spirals and inter- spaces and give a faint reticulate ornamentation to the shell. Aper- ture elongate-ovate. Margin of outer lip partly broken away; within ornamented with about 11 lirae. Parietal wall and columella with a wash of callus. Columella twisted, anteriorly ornamented with a rather strong fold. Siphonal fasciole well developed, provided with an elongated chink in front. Dimensions.—Type (Cat. No. 352487, U.S. N. M.), altitude, 28 mm. ; greatest diameter, 18 mm.; length of aperture, 15 mm. Type locality.—U. 8. G. S. station 3915, river front at Urbanna, Va. (Frank Burns, collector, 1903.) _ The new species is related to Pisania nua Dall but is a heavier shell, has a less reticulate sculpture ornamentation and a stronger and better developed siphonal fasciole than Dall’s species. The new species is named after the collector, Dr. Frank Burns. Occurrence—St. Marys formation, zone 2, only known from type locality. COLUMBELLA (SEMINELLA) SMITHFIELDENSIS, new species Plate 1, figures 6, 7 Shell small, stout, rather fragile, spirally sculptured, having body whorl! longer than spire, consisting of 114 nuclear and three post- ART. 14 FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM THE MIOCENE—MANSFIELD , 5 nuclear whorls. Nuclear whorls large, smooth, moderately inflated, constricted at the suture, apical one bluntly rounded. Post-nuclear whorls rather rapidly enlarging and broadly rounded in outline. Suture grooved, not appressed. Sculpture of (on the penultimate whorl, five) slightly raised, paired, spiral lines, the individual lines composing each pair being separated from each other by a narrow groove and the pairs from each other by an interspace about equal to their width. The spirals extend forward to the end of the canal. Very fine axial growth lines connect the paired spirals. Aperture elongate-subovate, outer lip thin, margin crenulate. Pillar at its lower margin provided with a fold, forming the inner and upper edge of the short and curved siphonal canal. The new species may not be mature. Dimensions.—Type (Cat. No. 352438, U. S. N. M.), altitude, 3.8mm. ; diameter, 1.6 mm.; length of aperture, 1.5 mm.; width, 0.7 mm. Type locality —uU. 8. G. S. station 1/205, uppermost bed in section along a small stream flowing into Tormentor Creek, about 2 miles north of Smithfield, Va. (W. C. Mansfield, collector.) Occurrence—Yorktown formation, zone 2, middle part; only known from type locality. EPITONIUM SMITHFIELDENSIS, new species Plate 1, figure 10 Shell of medium size, stout, delicately ornamented with slender varices, consisting of seven remaining whorls—nucleus decollate. Whorls well rounded, gradually and evenly enlarging, and very strongly constricted at the deeply grooved suture. Sculpture of (on the last whorl, 12) wide, very thin, marginally reflected retractive varices, the margins being cuspidate at the posterior third and ends fused to the preceding and succeeding varices. The varices extend diagonally across the whorl and, followed successively up the spire, make about a half-turn around the axis. No other ornamentation is present. Aperture orbicular in shape, outer margin formed by the terminal varix and inner margin by a thin lamina adhering to the varices. Dimensions —Type (Cat. No. 352440, U.S.N.M.), altitude, 12 mm.; greatest diameter, 5 mm.; greatest diameter of aperture, 2.2 mm. Lype locality —U. S. G. S. station 1/205, uppermost bed in a sec- tion along small stream flowing into Tormentor Creek about 2 miles north of Smithfield, Va. (W. C. Mansfield, collector.) Occurrence.—Yorktown formation, zone 2, middle part. Only known from the type locality. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 FOSSARUS (ISAPIS) URBANNAENSIS, new species Plate 1, figures 2, 8 Shell large, turbinate, tabulated at the shoulder, spire high for genus, consisting of about three whorls, early whorls decorticated. Suture deep and grooved. Spiral sculpture on body whorl consists of a faint line on the posterior slope and three strong elevated, equally- spaced ridges on the periphery, the posterior two being weaker and shightly marginally reflected, the anterior one stronger, nearly flat- topped, and coronated, Base with three spirals, anterior two stronger; anterior one surrounds the umbilicus. Fine granulose spi- rals override the strong ridges and the irregular transverse growth lines. Aperture nearly round, axial diameter a little greater. Outer margin of aperture undulating in conformity to spiral sculp- ture, inner margin slightly reflected over the umbilicus. Dimensions—Type (Cat. No. 352489, U.S.N.M.), altitude, 7 mm.; diameter, above the aperture, 5.2 mm.; axial diameter of aperture, 3.0 mm. Type locality—U. 8. G. S. station 3915, river front at Urbanna, Va. (Frank Burns, collector, 1903.) Fossarus dalli Whitfield is related to the new species but lacks the fine granulose spirals, has a less angled basal slope, and stronger transverse sculpture crossing the strong spirals. Occurrence—St. Marys formation, zone 2. Known only from type locality. Class PELECYPODA PECTEN EBOREUS URBANNAENSIS, new subspecies Plate 2, figure 2; plate 3, figure 2 The type locality of Pecten eboreus Conrad * is Suffolk, Va. Dall ® classified different mutations of the species and designated each by a varietal name. The form occurring at Suffolk he designated Pec- ten eboreus eboreus. The new subspecies differs from the Suffolk form as follows: The ribs are lower and are separated by a shallower and less distinct in- terspace. Two to three fine radials lie within these interspaces. The ears are larger, the byssal notch deeper, and the radials on the ears are finer and less distinct. The new subspecies is an intermedi- ate form between P. madisonius Say and P. eboreus eboreus Conrad. Dimensions—Cotypes (Cat. No. 370829, U.S.N.M.), right valve, latitude, 107 mm.; altitude, 97 mm.; diameter, 17 mm. Left valve of *Conrad, T. A., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 1, vol. 23, p. 341, 1833. 5 Dail, W. H., Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Trans., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 750, 1898. ART. 14 FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM THE MIOCENE—MANSFIELD 7 another specimen, latitude, 104 mm.; altitude, 98 mm., diameter, 20 mm. Occurrence.—St. Marys formation, zone 2. U.S. G. S. station 3915, Urbanna, Va. (type locality); U.S. G. S. station 1/476a, La- nexa, Va., lower bed; U.S. G. S. station 1/233, Scotland Wharf, Va., right bank of James River, bed 10 to 16 feet above beach; U.S. G. S. station 1/540, Schmidts Bluff, right bank of James River, Va., low- est bed; Mount Folly, right bank of York River, Va. THRACIA (CYATHODONTA) DALLI, new species Plate 4, figures 1, 2 Shell of medium size, thin, translucent, inequilateral—anterior side being longer, right valve larger than left and more inflated. Right valve rounded on anterior side and over the middle of disk and slightly depressed in front of the posterior ridge; left valve slightly depressed medially. Posterior dorsal slope on each valve gradually descending, medially depressed, bordered above by a low ridge extending from the beak to the lower posterior angle, and below by a lower ridge. Posterior dorsal margin nearly straight and oblique; posterior margin truncate; anterior dorsal and basal margins evenly rounded. Sculptured externally by coarse concentric rounded ridges, which are nearly obsolete over the posterior dorsal slope; radially sculptured by faint granulose threads, which are more closely set and more prominent over the posterior dorsal slope. Internally, the external concentric sculpture is reflected. Hinge strongly developed for the genus. Dimensions.—Type (Cat. No. 352442, U.S.N.M.), right valve, lati- tude, 34 mm.; altitude, 25 mm.; diameter, 9 mm.; left valve, latitude, 33 mm.; altitude (margin broken away), 22 mm.; diameter, 5 mm. Type locality—vU. 8. G. S. station 1/202, about one-fourth mile northeast of Benns Church, Isle of Wight County, Va. (W. C. Mansfield, collector.) The new species is related to Zhracia (Cyathodonta) semirugosa Reeve, which species has been reported by Dall ° as occurring in the Pliocene marl of the Caloosahatchee River, Fla., and living in the Caribbean Sea. MReeve’s species possesses a less oblique posterior dorsal margin and is much less inflated anteriorly than the new species here described. The species is named in honor of Dr. W. H. Dall. Occurrence.—Y orktown formation, zone 2, middle part. ®° Dall, W. H., Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Trans., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1526, 1903. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 74 PANDORA (CLIDIOPHORA) CONRADI, new species Plate 5, figures 4, 5 ‘The specimen consists of attached valves, which have been slightly | compressed by the impact of incumbent sediments. Shell of medium size, subovate in form, thin, inequivalve, and | inequilateral, having a strong posteriorly protruding marginal ros- | trum. Anterior side proportionally rather long for the genus. | Anterior margin evenly and narrowly rounded; basal margin broadly |! rounded. Escutcheon extending nearly to the posterior extremity of | valves. Sculpture of fine, close, concentric lines and a few faint diverging radials. Dimensions.—Type (Cat. No. 352441, U.S.N.M.), greatest lati- tude, 35 mm.; altitude, 16 mm.; diameter, 4 mm. | Type locality—U. S. G. S. station 1/221, near the bottom of a | small ravine entering Blackwater River and about a quarter of a mile | from it and about 114 miles northwest of Walters, Va. The new species here described differs from P. crassidens Conrad in possessing a proportionally longer anterior side and a much stronger and more protruding rostrum. Occurrence—Yorktown formation, zone 2. Known only from | the type locality. CRASSATELLITES (CRASSATELLITES) MERIDIONALIS SURRYENSIS, new subspecies Plate 5, figures 38, 6 Shell large, solid, ovate, and nearly equilateral, the posterior side being somewhat longer. Outline of anterior, ventral, and posterior margins rounded, the anterior margin slightly more broadly rounded than the posterior. Posterior-dorsal angle obtuse, not ridged, in front of which the disk is weakly eonstricted. A weak radial is halfway between the shoulder and the border of the escutcheon. Lunule and escutcheon prominent and impressed, the escutcheon a little longer, wider, and more curved than the lunule. Nepionic shell slightly flattened and marked by about 10 moderately strong concentric undulations continued on a radius of about 10 milli- meters. The rest of the surface is nearly smooth. The hinge is normal. Dimensions—Type—left valve (Cat. No. 370832, U.S.N.M.), | latitude, 93 mm.; altitude, 70 mm.; diameter (1 valve), 18 mm. Dall? placed meridionalis as a variety of Crassetellites melinus (Conrad). I have raised his variety to specific rank. The new | subspecies is a higher and more equilateral shell than the species | 7 Dall, W. H., Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Trans., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1473, pl. 87, figs. 6, 13, | 1903. : ART. 14 FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM THE MIOCENE—MANSFIELD 9g meridionalis; the posterior extremity is less pinched and the nepionic shell has coarser and shorter radially extending undulations. Type locality —U. S. G. S. station 1/244, right bank of James River 114 miles below Claremont Wharf, Va., from lowest bed. Oceurrence—St. Marys formation, zone 2, type locality, and at the following localities: U. S. G. S. station, 1/543, about 1 mile be- low type locality, from lowest bed; U. S. G. S. station 1/241, right bank of James River, Cobham Bay, bed outcropping at water level. CRASSATELLITES (CRASSATELLITES) MERIDIONALIS URBANNAENSIS, new subspecies Plate 4, figures 3, 4 Shell large, moderately thin, low, subovate and inequilateral, the posterior side being longer and more attenuated. Outline of anterior margin narrowly rounded, ventral margin broadly rounded, and posterior margin short and narrowly rounded. Dorsal-posterior shoul- der angle obtuse. Disk slightly depressed in front of the shoulder. Nepionic shell slightly flattened and marked by rather closely set undulations continuing radially 7 to 9 millimeters. Surface of disk smooth except for growth lines. Dimensions —Type—right valve (Cat. No. 870831, U.S.N.M.), latitude, 100 mm.; altitude, 69 mm.; diameter, 17 mm. The new subspecies has a lower and larger shell than Crassatellites meridionalis. Its posterior extremity is less truncated and less de- pressed in front of the dorsal posterior shoulder. The nepionic shell has fewer undulations. This subspecies differs from the new sub- species surryensis in having a more inequilateral shell and a shorter radial continuation of nepionic undulations. Occurrence—St. Marys formation, zone 2, U. S. G. S. station 3915, Urbanna, Va., type locality; U. S. G. S. station 3924, Jones Point, Rappahannock River, Va. PHACOIDES (LUCINOMA) CONTRACTUS MURFREESBOROENSIS, new subspecies Plate 5, figures 1, 2 Shell suborbicular, convex, fragile, equivalve, and nearly equi- lateral. Beaks low, apices proximate. Posterior dorsal margin straight and oblique, anterior dorsal margin slightly depressed; pos- terior, anterior, and basal margins well rounded. Sculpture of rather closely set, nearly erect, slightly beakward reflected, concen- tric primary lamellae, intercalated with about two weak secondary threads. Dimensions.—Type (Cat. No. 352448, U.S.N.M.), latitude, 28 mm.; altitude, 27 mm.; diameter of both valves, 15 mm. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Type locality.—U. 8. G. S. station 1/222, right bank of Meherrin River at Murfreesboro, N. C., basal bed exposed at water level and a little above. (W. C. Mansfield, collector.) The new subspecies differs from the species mainly in having much closer and stronger concentric primary lamelle and fewer secondary intermediate spiral threads. Is also much smaller. The dimensions are proportionally the same. Occurrence.—Y orktown formation, zone 1. Known only from type locality. EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 1 Figs. 1,3. Pisania (Celatoconws) burnsi, new species (X 2); type; alt. 28 mm.; page 4. 2,8. Fossarus (Isapis) urbann@énsis, new species (xX 8); type; alt. 7 mm.; page 6. 4, Clathrodrillia? belloides rushmerensis, new subspecies (X 8); type; alt. 11 mm.; page 2. 5,9. Fusinus (Buccinofusus) propeparilis, new species. Fig. 5 (xX 83), fragment of the early whorls of a specimen collected by Frank Burns at Grove Wharf, lower bed, left bank of James River (Cat. No. 146148, U.S.N.M.) ; Fig. 9, type (X 114); alt. 83 mm.; page 3. 6,7. Columbella (Seminella) smiihfieldensis, new species (X 8); type; alt. 3.8 mm.; page 4. 10. Epitonium smithfieldensis, new species (xX 38); type; alt. 12 mm.; page 5. PLATE 2 Fic. 1. Pecten madisonius Say, variety (natural size): Left valve of another show the form occurring in the same bed with Pecten eboreus urbanna- énsis. Collected from zone 2, St. Marys formation, at Grays Creek, Surry County, Va. (Cat. No. 370830, U.S.N.M.) 2. Pecten eboreus urbannaénsis, new subspecies (natural size) : Right valve of cotype ; latitude 107 mm.; page 6. PLATE 3 Fic. 1. Pecten madisonius Say, variety (natural size): Left valve of another specimen from the same locality as specimen, fig. 1, plate 2. 2. Peciten eboreus urbannaénsis, new subspecies (natural size) : Left valve of cotype; latitude 104 mm.; page 6. PLATE 4 Fics. 1,2. Thracia (Cyathodonta) dalli, new species (X 114); type. Fig. 1, left valve; latitude 33 mm.; Fig. 2, right valve; latitude 34 mm.; page 7. 3,4. Crassatellites (Crassatellites) meridionalis urbannaénsis, new sub- species; type. Fig. 3, right valve, natural size; latitude 100 mm.; Fig. 4, beak of same specimen (X 5); page 9. ART. 14 FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM THE MIOCENE—MANSFIELD 11 PLATE 5 ‘Frias. 1,2. Phacoides (Lucinoma) contractus murfreesboroénsis, new subspecies. Fig. 1, right valve of type (X 3) ; latitude 28 mm.; Fig. 2, left valve of topotype (X 2); page 9. 3, 6. Crassatellites (Crassatellites) meridionalis surryensis, new subspe- cies; type. Fig. 6, left valve (natural size); latitude 93 mm. Wig. 3, beak of same specimen ( X 5) ; page 8. 4,5. Pandora (Clidiophora) conradi, new species (X 114) ; type; latitude 35 mm.; page 8. © U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 14, PL. 1 New Fossil MOLLUSKS FROM THE CHESAPEAKE GROUP FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 10 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 14, PL. 2 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM NEW FossiL MoLtusks FROM THE CHESAPEAKE Group FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 10 74, ART. 14, PL. 3 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM NEW FOSsiL MOLLUSKS FROM THE CHESAPEAKE GROUP FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 10 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 14, PL. 4 NEw FossiL MOLLUSKS FROM THE CHESAPEAKE GROUP | FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 10 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 14, PL. 5 NEW FossiL MOLLUSKS FROM THE CHESAPEAKE GROUP FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 11 > i ? 5 op X 4 at ‘ ‘ amie th 7 Ve aus ae ty a omg ; , ‘ we ; a ao. bw Rg eek xe - pty oe = eee = wr . ee de a Cent to pee oe ote SN sp ee se fue ny V tee es + OBS easeu at! = aie poe » 2 wi uf THE FOSSIL CRINOID GENUS VASOCRINUS LYON By Epwin Kirk Of the United States Geological Survey The present paper is not in the nature of another revision of the genus Vasocrinus Lyon, but rather the purpose is to reestablish the genus on the foundations originally laid by its author. In doing this, to be sure, it will be necessary to revise Lyon’s somewhat crude and incorrect descriptions in important details. Through the kind- ness of the late Dr. Frank Springer, in whose collection in the United States National Museum Lyon’s original types now are, I have had opportunity to study all of Lyon’s material, together with other specimens referable to the genus. As first examined Lyon’s types were found with the cup plates outlined in ink, presumably for the guidance of the draftsman. As marked the plates conformed to Lyon’s descriptions. A casual inspection of the specimens, however, showed that as regards the plates of the posterior interradius Lyon had erred in his interpretation of the cup structure. The same mate- rial is here refigured and the true structures shown and described. In addition information has been obtained in regard to the structure of the tegmen. It is now found that Vasocrinus as based on Lyon’s own species is a quite different crinoid from what has generally been supposed. In considering the status of the genus Vasocrinus all references subsequent to 1879 may be ignored. In their “Revision”? (pp. 94-96 (319-321) ) Wachsmuth and Springer chose Cyathocrinus lyoni Hall, which is a synonym of Cyathocrinus hexadactylus Lyon and Casseday, as type of the genus. They say (p. 95) : “In reconstructing the genus we prefer to make Vasocrinus Lyoni (Cyathocrinus Lyoni Hall), from Crawfordsville, the type, because it is found more per- fectly preserved in the arm portion; but we scarcely doubt, to judge from the brachials, as far as they are preserved, that the arms in the Devonian species were constructed in a like manner.” This generic conception of Vasocrinus as modified by Wachsmuth and Springer has *Wachsmuth, Charles, and Springer, Frank, Revision of the Palaecocrinoidea, Part 1, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc. for 1879, pp. 226-378 (author’s separate pp. 1-153), pls. 15-17. No. 2760.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 74, ART. 15. 5930—28——_1 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 been the one accepted by subsequent authors. In no case has Lyon’s original material been studied except by Wachsmuth and Springer. The genus then as defined and discussed by various authors has been the Vasocrinus of Wachsmuth and Springer and not the Vasocrinus of Lyon. Cyathocrinus hexadactylus Lyon and Casseday (Cyatho- crinus lyoni Hall), which was chosen by Wachsmuth and Springer as genotype of Vasocrinus, can not be retained. Such a procedure exceeds the somewhat elastic bounds permitted subsequent authors in designating a genolectotype. Vasocrinus was founded by Lyon to take care of the two Devonian species valens and sculptus and the transfer of the genus to a Carboniferous species which by no chance is congeneric with either of the original species is scarcely admissible. In rejecting Vasocrinus as represented by the structures found in Cyathocrinus hexadactylus Lyon and Casseday I am forced back to a consideration of Lyon’s original species. For the reception of Cyathocrinus hewadactylus Lyon and Casseday (Cyathocrinus lyoni Hall) it is necessary to create a new genus, for which the name Pellecrinus is here proposed. In 1857 Sidney S. Lyon* described and figured the new genus Vasocrinus, referring to it two new species, V. valens and V. sculptus. This report is-now somewhat difficult to obtain. The plates illus- trating the paleontologic part of the report were distributed in a separate atlas with cardboard covers. This atlas is even rarer than the report. As the plates of the atlas are not bound in, sets are seldom complete. For these reasons it has seemed best to republish Lyon’s original descriptions in full and to reproduce the original figures as well. As Lyon’s figures will frequently be referred to and the individual specimens designated by the numbers appearing on Lyon’s plate the figures as here shown on Plate 1, Figure 10, are given the same numbers and letters used by Lyon. In his descriptions Lyon used three specimens. It is essential that the identity of each of these be kept in mind, for as will be shown one of these specimens (30) seems to have been referred originally to V. valens by Lyon and used in the description of that species by him, although subsequently identified as V. sculptus. A transcription of Lyon’s text and his ex- planations of the Vasocrinus figures on the plate are here given. [TEXT, PAGHS 485-487] Genus VASOCRINUS Lyon Gen. char.—Body vase shaped; twice as wide as high; basal pieces five; pentagonal; pointed at their superior Margin; primary radials five; rising between the points of the basal pieces; secondary radials five; broad; irregu- 2Lyon, S. S., in Owen, D. D., Third Report of the Geological Survey in Kentucky, pp. 485-487, pl. 4, figs. 3, 3a—d, 1857. ART. 15 THE FOSSIL CRINOID GENUS VASOCRIN US—KIRK 3 larly pentagonal; arms five; single; composed of cylindrical pieces; anal piece one; hexagonal; large; summit unknown; column unknown. VASOCRINUS VALENS Lyon (Plate IV, Figures 3, 3a) Basal pieces, five; low, broad; pointed at their summit; swelling at the base; forming a shallow cup, with perpendicular sides; bottom slightly concave; superior margin divided by obtuse points into five broad, shallow, angular notches; the base articulates with the column by a surface marked by striae, radiating from a small circular opening. Radial pieces, five; smooth; subhexagonal; differing slightly in size; higher than wide; rising between the basal pieces. Secondary radials, five in number; smooth; pentagonal; nearly twice as wide as high; the median line of these pieces are nearly horizontal; the truncated face, for the insertion of the arms, elliptical, concave, perforated near the center, deeply sulcate above the perforation; the sides are joined together, curving upward and terminating on the summit between the arms; the piece on the left of the anal piece is much larger than either of the others, and covers the points of two of the radials, whilst that on the right of it is smaller than the others and rises from the point and left side of the primary radial, beneath it. The anal piece is large, subhexagonal, rising between two of the primary radials, and extends above the lower margin of the axillary face of the second primary radials. Arms composed of cylindrical pieces, their length and diameter being nearly equal; perforated and deeply sulcate on the superior side. Dimensions: Diameter or the bAasek= = See. = eee eee eee? ore a 0. 45 inch. Here “Ofte: Da sess ves Se er ee eee ea ee 0. 27 inch. Ee ishte Gt. Che. DOG Y= te Sear NE I Re he 0.55 inch. Greaesiw diam Ctely se ne ae eee ee oe ee 2 1.05 inches. DIiAMeter Of Chel aAxdlaryea bICUlaGLON= a= ee 0.27 inch. Remarks—This remarkable crinoid was obtained several years since at the quarries on Beargrass Creek, near Louisville, where it was found associated with Actinocrinus, Dolatocrinus, ete. It is very rare—this specimen is the only one of this species heretofore obtained. VASOCRINUS SCULPTUS Lyon (Plate IV, Figures 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) Body small; vase shaped; section at the junction of the arms pentagonal; side of pentagon above the anal pieces nearly twice as long as either of the others; the surface is roughened by raised sculpture; the center of the pieces below the arms are all prominent. On either side of the sutures marking the junction of the basal pieces is a raised rib, which terminates at the center of the first radial pieces lying above the sutures. Similar ribs cover the body, extending from near the center of each to the center of all the contiguous pieces (except the basal pieces), thus dividing the surface into nearly equal-sided triangular spaces, deeply depressed at the center, and curving up to the ribs whicb define them; at the end of the ribs the triangular spaces are joined by a narrow grooved avenue, not quite so deep as the center of the spaces. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Basal pieces five; pentagonal; as high as wide; extending beneath to the columnar perforation; junction with the column slightly concave. Radial pieces five; hexagonal; four of equal size; as high as wide; one much larger than the others, rising between the points of the basal pieces. Secondary radials (scapulae, Miller) five; irregularly pentagonal; nearly equal in size, except the piece on the left of the anal pieces, which is nearly twice as large as either of the others; articulating facet of the arms uneven; perforated; sulcated upon the upper side; the pieces curve upward at their line of junction, and terminate upon the summit above the line of the arms. Anal pieces two; hexagonal; one equaling in size the first radial pieces; the other is quite small. Arms five; single; structure beyond the first joint unknown; they start from the body in a horizontal! direction. Column unknown. Geological position and locality——Found in the limestone about 5 feet beneath the Devonian black slate, 2nd above the beds of Hydraulic cement stone, Jeffer- son County, and in the same geological position on the falls of the Ohio. It does net appear, from what is known of it, to have a very great vertical range, probably net more than 3 or 4 feet. [‘“HXPLANATION OF THE PLATHS,” PAGE 497] Vasocrinus valens Lyon Volume 8, page 485 Fic. 8. Generic figure, size of nature, the pieces arranged around the columnar facet. Fic. 3a. Profile view, Vasocrinus valens. Fic. 8b (in error for 3b). Vasocrinus sculptus, from which the external sculpture has been removed, anal side front, natural size. Vasocrinus sculptus Lyon Fic. 3c. Profile view, natura! size, different specimen. Fic. 3d. Basal view of same specimen. Fic. 3e. Summit view of same specimen, natural size. Legend at bottom of Plate IV Fic. 3. Vusocrinus, Generic figure. Fic. 3a. Vasocrinus valens. Fic. 3b. V. sculptus different specimen basal view. Fig. 3c. V. sculptus profile view. Fie. 3d. View of crown. Fic. 3e. Basal view. In regard to specimen 3a Lyon says (p. 486): “It is very rare— this specimen is the only one of this species heretofore obtained.” Lyon’s figure shows this specimen in an inverted position and as viewed probably from the anterior radius. As figured the cup ap- pears to be perfect, and so would one judge from the description. As a matter of fact the specimen is a weathered dorsal cup, well pre- served so far as it goes, but lacking two radials and the entire ART. 15 THE FOSSIL CRINOID GENUS VASOCRINUS—KIRK 5 posterior interradius. There is no reason to believe that the cup was more perfect in Lyon’s day than now. The broken margin of the cup is weathered, and nowhere is there a sign of fresh fracture. There can be no question as to the identity of the specimen. It bears a piece of paper with a printed number (in this case 119) such as is found on all of Lyon’s specimens. ‘There is also an inked “3a” on the specimen, referring to the figure on his plate, and the plates of the cup are outlined with ink in the same manner as other figured specimens in his collection. It is evident that the fourth and fifth radials shown in the background of his figure were supplied by the draftsman. The description of the posterior interradius and the generic diagram presumably based on this specimen were made from specimen 30 as will be shown hereafter. Although said by Lyon to be the only specimen of the species known, 8a is here made a cotype of the species. Specimen 30, referred by Lyon to V. sculptus, is made a companion cotype. As will be shown specimen 35 was used by Lyon in his description of val/ens and is almost certainly referable to that species. Specimen 30 as studied by Lyon was partially embedded in a frag-. ment of limestone, concealing the upper part of the posterior inter- radius. The specimen has been very badly treated. The infra- basals have been broken off and cemented on again. The portion of the cup extending from the 1. post. R across the post. IR and around almost to the ant. R. has been deeply gouged by a chisel or similar instrument, until little of the original surface remains. So badly defaced is the specimen that it is difficult to figure it in such a way as to give a correct idea of its original form. I have cleaned the higher part of the post. IR and lifted the entire specimen off the rock. In cleaning the specimen and to avoid mistakes the plate outlines as inked in by Lyon have been washed off. Uyon’s number for this specimen was 119, the same as for the type specimen of V. valens. It appears that Lyon himself had originally referred this specimen to valens. In his explanation of the plate on page 497 this specimen appears under the title Vasocrinus valens, although assigned to V. sculptus, “from which the external sculpture has been removed.” In the legend at the foot of the plate this specimen, although the first referred to sculptus, is described as “ V. sculptus, different specimen basal view.” From the crowding of the words and the wording itself I believe that Lyon had first referred this specimen to valens and had changed his mind after the plate had been engraved, erasing and changing the specific name from va/lens to sculptus. Even more striking proof is afforded by the figure itself and the specimen as originally marked. In the description both of valens and of the genus, as well as in the generic diagram, the posterior interradius agrees with Figure 3b and with the specimen 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 itself as originally marked in ink. The obviously artificial structures shown and described could scarcely have been independently invented and must have been based on the assumed plate arrangement in speci- men 3b. Again Lyon had catalogued his collection, assigning a sepa- rate serial number to each species. These numbers were printed and the bits of paper glued to the specimens. Here we find as noted above that the same number (119) was affixed to both specimens 3a and 3b. In Lyon’s manuscript catalogue this number is identified as Vasocrinus valens. It appears, then, that the description of V. valens, the generic diagnosis, and the generic diagram were com- posited from specimens 3a and 30, although the latter was subse- quently referred to the other species V. sculptus. In the present paper specimen 30 is referred to Vasocrinus valens and made a co- type, despite Lyon’s treatment, inasmuch as an essential part of his specific description is based on the specimen. Specimen 3c, d, e is in a good state of preservation although some- what weathered. ‘The tegmen is not preserved, but all the plates of the cup show clearly. Here again Lyon’s plate outlines have been erased in order to mark them in properly. The specimen bears the printed serial number 120. This specimen is here considered as the holotype of Vasocrinus sculptus Lyon. We have seen that Lyon described two new species under his new genus Vasocrinus, basing his descriptions on three specimens, here identified by the numbers originally used by Lyon on his Plate 3a, 3b, and 3c-—e, respectively. It now remains to determine the mutual interrelationships of the three specimens and choose a genotype for Vasocrinus. Lyon himself evidently based his generic description on V. valens. The generic diagnosis agrees best with the specific de- scription of Vasocrinus valens, and Lyon himself (p. 485) cites the generic diagram as V. valens. The description of V. valens, however, was not made wholly from specimen 3a, in spite of Liyon’s declaration elsewhere quoted that this was the unique specimen of the species. As noted above, this specimen is an imperfect dorsal cup, lacking the entire posterior interradius. Furthermore, no arm ossicles are shown in Figure 3a nor are any attached to the specimen itself. Neverthe- less, arm ossicles are described in the text. Lyon’s generic diagram, Figure 3, is obviously based primarily ‘on specimen 3a, as shown by the size of the plates. As specimen 3a lacks two radials and the pos- terior interradius, it is evident that the missing plates were obtained elsewhere. Such liberties are not unknown in the case of authors of later generations, unfortunately. The source of supply for. these plates could only have been specimen Figure 3b. It will be noted that. Lyon described his genus as having but one anal plate, though in his specific description of V. sculptus he notes the presence of two ART. 15 THE FOSSIL CRINOID GENUS VASOCRINUS—KIRK ¥ such plates. If one will attempt to reconstruct a dorsal cup from generic diagram Figure 3 he will find that an impossible crinoid struc- ture results. Precisely such a structure is indicated in Figure 30, and as I first saw it the specimen itself had the same curious group- ing of malformed plates outlined on the surface in ink. What Lyon actually did was to coalesce 1. post. R with part of anal x. His large single anal plate and its remarkable shape was brought about by the coalescence of R A with part of anal x, part of r. post. R, part of post. B, and all of r t. Were specimen 3a the only individual referable to Vasocrinus valens, I would reject the species as genotype, despite the fact that it is the first species described and evidently was Lyon’s own choice. Lacking as it does the essential posterior interradius, the status of the genus would forever be in doubt. To choose V. seulptus would be unwise. V. sculptus shows structural features sufficiently at variance with those of valens to raise a suspicion that when well preserved crowns are available for study the two species might not prove con- generic. Fortunately the matter is simplified by the discovery that specimen 36, used by Lyon in his diagnosis of the genus and in the description of V. valens, can well be referred to that species. It can not by any chance be conspecific with specimen 3c-e. On the other hand, close comparisons of specimen 3) after being freed from the matrix with specimen 3a as well as other imperfect specimens clearly conspecific with 8a, but of smaller size, indicate the propriety or rather necessity of referring specimen 3b to Vasocrinus valens. Furthermore, a well-preserved theca, clearly congeneric with valens, has come to light that not only shows all the plates of the dorsal cup, but has a well-preserved tegmen. With specimens 3a and 36 united under one species, most of our troubles are over. Now, the generic description of Vasocrinus and the description of V. valens are in complete harmony with the structures of the specimens referred to it—that is, the structure as interpreted by Lyon. The proper course, then, seems clearly to be to make Vasocrinus valens the geno- type, transferring to the species specimen 30. Genus VASOCRINUS Lyon In drawing up the formal definition of the genus Vasocrinus the type species V. valens Lyon and the closely allied V. turbinatus, new species, have been used. V. sculptus Lyon may be congeneric and so far as its structures are known can not well be separated from the genus. Its variations in structure from the typical forms have not, however, been incorporated in the generic description. ‘Two new species from the Middle Devonian, one from the Hamilton of New York and the other from the Traverse formation of Michigan, are 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 tentatively referred to Vasocrinus, but their ascription to the genus is not sufficiently certain to warrant their description in this paper. Jaekel*® has proposed the new genus Costalocrinus with Poterio- crinus dilataius 14, Schultze as the genotype. Costalocrinus dila- tatus does not have rt in the dorsal cup, but otherwise greatly re- sembles Vasocrinus. Among the described crinoids of the German Devonian, two species I think are certainly referable to Vasocrinus. These are Posteriocrinus stellaris L. Schultze and Parisocrinus canaliculatus Jaekel. It is of interest to note in this connection that the type of Vasocrinus stellaris (Schultze) has no rt, but a speci- men considered by Jaekel as undoubtedly conspecific has three anal plates in the cup. Vasocrinus canaliculatus (Jaekel) appears to be very close to the typical form of Vasocrinus. Generic diagnosis—Dorsal cup subturbinate to somewhat bowl- shaped. Plates relatively thin. Radials curving inward in their upper portions, forming a marginal platform around the periphery of the tegmen, except in the posterior interradius. Arm facets broadly horseshoe shaped, with the axial canal typically separate from the food groove. There is a tendency toward the suppression of the food groove in the anterior radius. Arms stout in their proximal portion, horizontally disposed or somewhat inclined upward. Judging by the articular facets, the arms were capable of considerable movement upward. ‘Three anal plates within the cup, RA, x, and rt, supporting a stout ventral sac. The tegmen is low, composed in the main of small plates, and a madreporite is probably present. The stem is round and pierced by a pentagonal or pentalobate canal. The ornamentation of the cup consists of series of folds radiating from the centers of the plates. Horizon—So far as known, Vasocrinus is restricted to the Middle Devonian. Genotype.—The genotype is Vasocrinus valens Lyon. VASOCRINUS VALENS Lyon The description of this species is based on the original specimens of Lyon’s Figures 3a and 36, supplemented by three imperfect dorsal cups from the type locality. Lyon’s type specimen, Figure 3a, gives the following measurements : Height of dorsal cup, 14 mm. Diameter of dorsal cup, 25 mm. + (estimated). Diameter of stem, 9 mm. Height of IBB, 3.5 mm. Height of BB, 7 mm. Width of BB (average), 9.4 mm. 5 Jaekel, Otto, Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Paleont. Zeitschr., vol. 3, Heft 1, p. 61, 1918. ArT, 15 THE FOSSIL CRINOID GENUS VASOCRINUS—KIRK ° 9 Height of RR (average), 6 mm. Breadth of RR (average), 138 mm. Breadth of arm facet (average), 6.5 mm. Specimen 3 gives the following measurements: Height of cup, 9 mm. Diameter of cup (ant. to post. IR), 15.5 mm. Diameter of stem, 4.6 mm. Height of IBB, 1.6 mm. Height of BB, 4.7 mm. Breadth of BB (average), 6 mm. Height of RR (average), 4.5 mm. Breadth of RR (average), 7.8 mim. Breadth of arm facet (average), 4.8 mm. It will be seen that the dorsal cup is low, with a breadth consider- ably in excess of the height. The infrabasals form a sharply defined ring with nearly vertical walls. Above, the sides of the cup diverge gently to about one-half the height of the basals. At this point the sides of the cup flare outward abruptly to give the maximum diam- eter of the cup at the lower margins of the arm facets. This form of the dorsal cup is characteristic of adult individuals. In the case of two large specimens that show the profile of the cup, other than speciman 3@ from which the description given above was made, there is a Slight variation in the outline as given. In one specimen the cup is relatively lower. The infrabasal ring is less sharply defined, and the abrupt outward flare of the sides of the cup involves the greater part of the basals. In another specimen where the surface contours of the plates are better preserved than in the case of the type the outward flare appears to be somewhat less pronounced when the basals are viewed in profile, owing to the relatively high relief of the plates. As a matter of fact, the shape of the cup is about like that of the type. In specimen 30, which is a much younger specimen, the relative pro- portions of height to breadth are almost exactly the same. Here, however, instead of the abrupt outward flare of the walls of the cup, the sides diverge more evenly from the top of the infrabasal ring. The stem, judged by its impression on the infrabasals, was large, round in section, and traversed by a large pentagonal or obscurely pentalobate lumen. A dissociated fragment of column placed by Lyon with his specimens of Vasocrinus is pentagonal in section, with rounded angles. The lumen of this fragment, its size, and the char- acter of the striae on the faces of the columnals are all very like the impressions of the proximal columnal as shown 6n the infrabasals. It may be, therefore, that the column was pentagonal in cross-section. The infrabasals are subequal in size and together form a well- defined cylindrical ring or collar. The lower outer margins of the infrabasals are somewhat thickened, forming a rounded ridge. The ‘ basals are irregularly unequal in size. All except those adjacent to 10 ¥ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 the posterior interradius are hexagonal in outline. The latter two are heptagonal. The r. post. B supports RA on its upper left shoulder. The post. B supports RA on its upper right shoulder and x on its superior face. On one specimen where the surface is some- what better preserved than usual there are obscure radiating ridges passing over to the adjacent plates. The centers of the basals are elevated, the surface sloping gently to the upper and lower margins and much more abruptly to the sides. This results in well-defined depressions along the interbasal sutures. Low, broad ridges pass over to the radials, outlining these depressions. The radials vary con- siderably among themselves in size. The arm facets are large and in the adult specimens are nearly vertical in attitude or are inclined very slightly upward. The amount of inclination varies in different rays. In the young specimen 34 the upward inclination is somewhat more pronounced but not greatly so. The radial is pierced by an axial canal separate from the food-grove. On the surface of the arm facet to either side of the axial canal lies a short horizontally disposed articular facet. The surface of these facets is roughened by short vermicular ridges. The upper portion of the radial curves over and inward, forming a platform of appreciable width. Thus the radials from the exterior appear to be massive plates, whereas when cleared from the matrix they are found to be relatively thin. In the posterior interradius there are three anal plates within the cup. The radianal is fairly large, pentagonal, resting below on the post. and r. post. BB, laterally abutting on r. post. R and x and supporting rt above. Anal x is somewhat larger than RA and supports two tube plates. It abuts laterally on 1. post. R, RA, and rt, while below it rests on the post. B. The plates of the posterior interradius are traversed by radiating ridges that are really folds in the plates. These progressively become stronger as the tube proper is approached. Outside the proximal tube plates nothing is known of the structure of the tegmen. Specimen 30 has one arm ossicle lying approxi- mately in place. It is short and heavy and is pierced by an axial canal. On either side of the canal is a short articular facet, similar to those present on the main arm facet. Horizon and locality—tLyon cites his type specimen as from the quarries on Beargrass Creek, near Louisville, Ky. This would un- doubtedly place the horizon as Onondaga (the Jeffersonville lime- stone of present local usage) of the Middle Devonian. VASOCRINUS SCULPTUS Lyon Of this, the second of Lyon’s original species, a fair amount of material is now available for study. There are five dorsal cups in an excellent state of preservation. Three of these have the tegmens partially preserved, one has a fragment of column attached and two ART. 15 THE FOSSIL CRINOID GENUS VASOCRIN US—KIRK 11 show the two proximal arm ossicles, in one case with the covering plates in place. In addition to the specimens coming from the type locality at Louisville, Ky., there is one specimen from Columbus, Ohio. Following are measurements made of the type specimen: Height of dorsal cup, 7 mm. Breadth of dorsal cup (post. IR to ant. R), 12.7 mm, Diameter of stem, 4 mm. Height of IBB, 2.3 mm. Height of BB (average), 3.8 mm. Width of BB (average), 4 mm. Height of RR (average), 3.8 mm. Breadth of RR (average), 6 mm. Breadth of arm facet (average), 3 mm. Another specimen of average size gives the following set of measurements : Height of dorsal cup, 9 mm. Breadth of dorsal cup (post. IR to ant. R), 16 mm. Diameter of stem, 5 mm. Height of IBB, 2.5 mm. Height of BB (average), 5 mm. Width of BB (average), 6 mm. Height of RR (average), 4 mm. Breadth of RR (average), 8 mm. Breadth of arm facet, 3 mm. The largest specimen seen has a breadth of 18 millimeters and a height of 9.5 millimeters. Stripped of its surface ornamentation, the dorsal cup is broadly obconical in form, the sides diverging evenly to about the level of the radials and then flaring outward very slightly. With the orna- mentation preserved, especially in the case of older individuals, the cup appears more rounded. In most specimens the cup is lower on the anterior side. This gives the theca a lopsided appearance which is very pronounced in the type specimen and is developed to a vari- able degree in different individuals. The stem is round and at least in its proximal portion composed of alternate wide and narrow columnals. The lumen appears to be pentagonal in outline, with a slight suggestion of lobation. The infrabasals are subequal in size. Their lower margins are somewhat produced, forming a lip. Near each lateral margin of an infrabasal is a sharp carina that runs from the lip across to the center of the adjacent basal. The basals are hexagonal in outline, with the exception of the posterior and right posterior, which are heptagonal in outline. The basals vary in size but apparently without a definite plan. The r. post. B supports RA on its upper left shoulder. The post. B supports RA on its upper right shoulder and £2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 x above. In addition to the pair of carinae connecting each basal and the infrajacent IBB, a high, sharp keel passes from the center of each basal to each adjacent plate. The radials vary considerably in size and proportions. The arm facets vary in attitude from vertical to being slightly inclined upward. The axial canal and food groove are confluent, although in cases where the plates are well preserved the axial canal is a narrow, deep channel sharply differentiated from the broader V-shaped groove above. In some cases it appears that the canal is arched over and separated from the groove above. In the anterior radial of one specimen the arm facet is greatly reduced in size, and it may well be that in this case no food groove was present. Below the groove and to either side is a triangular articu- lating facet with the apex pointing to the center. Below and between these facets is a well-defined triangular fossa, while above them is a pair of shaliower fossae. The surfaces of the articulating facets as well as the margin of the arm facet are sharply crenulate. The upper margin of the radial curves inward, forming a platform around the margin of the tegmen. High, sharp keels pass from radial to radial at the lower level of the arm facets. ‘Two similar keels likewise radiate from the arm facet to the infrajacent basals. Two brachials are preserved in one ray of each of two individuals. In the small specimen the brachial is constricted in the median por- tion, giving it a somewhat hour-glass shape. In the large specimen the brachial is almost cylindrical. In neither case is the second primibrach axillary. In the smaller specimen the arm covering plates are beautifully shown. They consist of a double series of high inter- locking plates, there being three pairs to an ossicle. There are three plates of the anal series incorporated in the cup. RA is unusually large in some specimens, being as large or larger than x. RA is pentagonal in outline and bears the customary rela- tions to the adjacent plates. Plate x supports two tube plates. The plates of the posterior interradius are traversed by series of plica- tions similar to those on the remainder of the cup. The tegmen is partially preserved in three specimens. It is made up of thin plates that apparently formed a weak structure. The outstanding feature of the tegmen is the presence in each specimen of a large knoblike madreporite. The openings of the canals penetrat- ing the plate may clearly be seen in two of the specimens. In one specimen what appears to be part of the ventral sac is preserved. The sac is inclined upward slightly from the horizontal and curves gradually to the left. It is compressed laterally and increases grad- ually in size distad. Its point of inception is about on a level with the arm bases and on the right side of the posterior interradius. ART. 15 THE FOSSIL CRINOID GENUS VASOCRIN US—KIRK 13 Very little of its structure can be made out. It was originally buried in a very hard fine-grained limestone, and great difficulty was had removing the closely adherent matrix. The highly developed knifelike keels or carinae that form the characteristic ornamentation of the species and the character on which Lyon based his name are very interesting. In the type speci- men, which is a fairly young individual, these ridges are worn down and show as slits, proving that at least in their basal portions the carinae are sharp folds in the thin plates. Dissociated plates and interiors also show this fact clearly. The higher portions of the carinae are solid. Horizon and localities—lLyon writes that his specimens were col- lected “about 5 feet beneath the Devonian black slate, and above the beds of Hydraulic cement stone, Jefferson County, and in the same geological position on the falls of the Ohio.” This would place the species in the Beechwood limestone member of the Sellersburg limestone (approximately Hamilton). One lot of material bears a recent label of “Falls of the Ohio, Clark Co., Ind.” Another silicified specimen with the infrabasals practically worn away but otherwise in an excellent state of preservation was collected by H. Hertzer in the State quarries at Columbus, Ohio. The horizon is stated to be Onondaga, but it is more probable that the speci- men was collected from the Delaware limestone, of Hamilton and Marcellus age. VASOCRINUS TURBINATUS, new species In the Springer collection is a single theca of Vasocrinus labeled as coming from Louisville, Ky. The specimen is in a splendid state of preservation, the entire cup and the greater part of the tegmen being shown in great detail. It is unfortunate that the specimen can not be referred to V. valens, but its close relationship to that species per- mits the structures shown to be added to those of V. valens with the utmost confidence. Following are measurements of the type and only known specimen: Height of dorsal cup, 15 mm. Diameter of dorsal cup (ant. R. to Post. IR), 16.5 mm. Diameter of stem, 5.4 mm. Height of IBB, 2.6 mm. Height of BB, 5.8 mm. Breadth of BB (average), 6.3 mm. Height of RR (average), 4.1 mm. é Breadth of RR (average), 7 mm. Breadth of arm facet (average), 4.5 mm. As will be noted from the measurements, the height and breadth of the dorsal cup are approximately equal. In form the cup is sub- 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 turbinate, the sides diverging evenly from the infrabasal circlet to the arm bases, with a slight outward flare at about the top of the basals. The tegmen is low. The infrabasals form a fairly distinct ring which is, however, not as sharply set off from the remainder of the cup as in the case of V. valens. The lower outer margins of the infrabasals are somewhat produced, forming a low rounded interrupted ridge surrounding the base. The basals are variable in size. The posterior and right pos- terior basals are heptagonal in outline. The r. post. B supports RA on its upper left shoulder. The post.B supports RA on its upper right shoulder and plate x above. The surface of the basals is most elevated near the center of the plate. From this point rounded ridges radiate to the adjacent plates, forming depressed areas along the interbasal sutures as in V. valens. In addition to these larger vidges there are inconspicuous folds or ridges crossing from the basals to the radials. The radials are somewhat variable in size. At about the upper level of the arm facets the radials bend over and inward, forming a narrow shelf. The arm facets are directed slightly up- ward. The radials are pierced by axial canals, which occupy a me- dian position on the arm facets. To either side of the axial canal is a sharply defined articulating facet. RA is large, resting below on the post. and r. post. BB, abutting laterally on r, post. R and x, and supporting rt above. Anal x is still larger and supports two tube plates above. The tegmen is low and is somewhat depressed at each interradius except the posterior, giving it a somewhat lobate appear- ance. The plates are comparatively heavy, forming a fairly strong rigid tegmen. With the breaking off of the ventral tube a few of the tegminal plates have been lost. The surface of some of the plates has been shghtly weathered, giving three or four of them a somewhat roughened and pitted appearance. It is not possible, therefore, definitely to state whether a madreporite is present or not. The stem as shown by the impression of the proximal columnal on the infra- basals is round and pierced by a fairly large pentalobate axial canal. But one brachial is preserved. This is short, stout, and somewhat constricted in its median portion. It is traversed by an axial canal distinct from the food groove. As shown in its proximal portion, the food groove is covered by a series of highly arched covering plates. This species-differs from V. valens chiefly in the shape and pro- portions of the dorsal cup. The straight sides of V. turbinatus grad- ually diverging from the base to the arm facets give it a habit quite at variance with the relatively low rapidly expanding cup of V. valens. Horizon and locality—The specimen was found in a tray with an assortment of crinoids labeled as coming from Louisville, Ky. As ant. 15 THE FOSSIL CRINOID GENUS VASOCRINUS—KIRK 15 several of the other specimens bore Lyon’s label, it is probable that the specimen was acquired with the Lyon collection. The close rela- tionship of V. turbinatus to V. valens makes it probable that it came from the same horizon; that is, the Jeffersonville limestone (Onondaga). Having reestablished the genus Vasocrinus on the foundation orig- inally laid by Lyon, it remains to consider the status of Cyathocrinus hexadactylus Lyon and Casseday. Wachsmuth and Springer + recog- nized the identity of Hall’s Cyathocrinus lyoni with Cyathocrinus hevadactylus Lyon and Casseday. They state “ Lyon’s name has precedence, but being specifically as well as generically incorrect, we adopt Professor Hall’s later name.” Their action, in those days of loosely applied rules of nomenclature, is not more to be censured than the rather naive mistake of Lyon and Casseday in taking the anal x for a radial and the vertical median range of plates of the ventral sacasanarm. Hence came the “ specifically incorrect” hevadactylus which we must adopt. Weller ® has recognized the validity of Lyon and Casseday’s name and places Cyathocrinus lyoni Hall in proper synonymy. This species, the structure of which has long been con- sidered typical of Vasocrinus, can not be placed in any described genus. It is therefore made the type of a new genus, Pellecrinus, and a brief generic diagnosis is here given. PELLECRINUS, new genus Dorsal cup low, broad, composed of relatively thin plates. Radial facet horseshoe-shaped, about one-half the width of the radial. Two anal plates in the dorsal cup, rarely one: RA quadrangular, some- times wanting; x heptagonal, approximately as large as the radials and supporting three tube plates. Ventral sac stout, reaching about one-half the height of the arms. Reaching to about one-half the height of the ventral sac on the posterior side is a median line of heavy plates. The remainder of this side is made up of fairly heavy plates of smaller size. The sides and anterior portion of the sac is composed of thinner plates, most of which show axial folds. The anal opening lies at the apex of the ventral sac. The arms are long, relatively slender, and bifurcate once. The third primibrach is the axillary in all known species except one, when there are but two primibrachs. On each ramus ramuli are borne on alternate sides. In the known species the ramuli are borne by each second secundi- brach. The ramuli themselves on the type species bear subramuli. The stem is large, round in section, and composed of alternate wide *Wachsmuth, Charles, and Springer, Frank, Revision of the Palaeocrinoidea, pt. 1, p. 96 (321), 1879. 5 Weller, Stuart, A bibliographie index of North American Carboniferous invertebrates : U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 153, 1898. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 and narrow columnals. It is perforated by a small obscurely pentalobate canal. . Genotype.—Cyathocrinus hewadactylus Uyon and _ Casseday (Cyathocrinus lyoni Fall). Geological range—The typical forms of the genus occur in the lower Carboniferous (Mississippian), but undescribed species from the high Middle Devonian have been examined that may be referable to the genus. EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 1 The figures within the dotted frame (fig. 10) are photographie copies of Lyon’s original illustrations. The numbers 3—8e are the Same as Lyon’s original numbers. Vasocrinus sculptus Lyon Fie. 1. Posterior view of holotype. Fie. 2. Basal view of holotype. Fic. 3. Enlargement X3 of portion of dorsal cup showing detail of weathered plate folds. Fie.10 (3c, 8d, 3e). Lyon’s original figures of the holotype. Middle Devonian, Sellersburg limestone (of Hamilton age), Falls of the Ohio, Louisville, Ky. Vasocrinus valens Lyon Fics. 4, 5,6. Basal, posterior, and left anterior views of specimen referred by Lyon to V. sculptus, but here considered as a cotype of V. valens. Fic. 10 (30). Lyon’s figure of the same specimen. Fias. 7, 8,9. Lateral, basal, and ventral view of Lyon’s type of V. valens, showing the imperfect cup. Fic. 10 (3a). Lyon’s original figure of this specimen. Fie. 10 (3). Lyon’s generic diagram cited as V. valens, evidently a composite of his figures 38a and 30. Middle Devonian, Jeffersonville limestone (of Onondaga age), quarries on Beargrass Creek, near Louisville, Ky. PLATH 2 Vasocrinus turbinatus, new species Fies. 1, 2,3. Posterior, tegminal, and anterior views of the holotype. Fig. 4. Diagram of this specimen, which serves aS a generic diagram for Vasocrinus. Middle Devonian, Jeffersonville limestone (of Onondaga age), Louisville, Ky. Vasocrinus sculptus Lyon Wie. 5. Left anterior view X2 of a small specimen showing the madreporite and two primibrachs with their covering plates, ‘The horizontally disposed structure back of the arm base and to the right is the ventral sac. Fie. 6. Basal view of large specimen showing two primibrachs in one ray. Fics. 7,8,9,10. Posterior, tegminal, left posterior interradial and basal views: of another specimen. Middle Devonian, Sellersburg limestone (Hamilton), Falls of the Ohio, Louisville, Ky. O U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 15 PL. 1 SPECIES OF FOSSIL CRINOID GENUS VASOCRINUS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 16 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 15 PL. 2 SPECIES OF FOSSIL CRINOID GENUS VASOCRINUS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 16 A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON- FLIES OF THE GENIUS MESOSTENUS AND RELATED GENERA By R. A. Cusuman Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture Ashmead’s tribe Mesostenini was separated off from the Crytini on the basis of the small alar areolet (fig. 6) of its members and an in- definable general appearance or habitus. As I have heretofore pointed out? I cannot agree with Ashmead and those who follow him that these differences are of sufficient strength to justify the separa- tion. Certain of the genera, which, because of the small areolet, must be placed in the Mesostenini if that tribe is maintained are much less closely related to Mesostenus than to other genera in which the areolet is large. For example, the new genus, Agonocryptus, de- scribed beyond, is very closely related to Hehthrus Gravenhorst and to certain Oriental genera (for example, Megacryptus Szepligeti, and Torbda Cameron) in clypeal, tibial, and abdominal characters, where- as only its small areolet allies it to Mesostenus. The insects here treated constitute the North American representa- tives of the tribe Mesostenini of Ashmead. KEY TO GENERA TREATED 1. Spiracles of first segment before middle; front tibia in female inflated and basally constricted; seventh tergite in female much longer than sixth, eighth long and scoop-shaped; head narrowed behind eyes, the temples narrow, cheeks swollen and much broader than temples; clypeus broadly truncate, not medially dentate; mandible with lower tooth larger and longer than upper; propodeum long, with two transverse carinae; first tergite in female short and stout, hind tibia nearly or quite a half longer than femur, longer calearium not reaching middle of basitarsus; tarsus shorter than tibia, apical joint hardly as long as second; ovipositor much shorter than abdomen (figs. 2a, 3b, 6a, 7) ------ Agonocryptus, new genus. Spiracles of first segment at or behind middle; not agreeing entirely ORET YW INC With wADOVG: tana eee BS rt ok 2 1 Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1925, p. 389. No. 2761.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 74, ART. 16 5927—29——__1 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 2. Spiracles of first segment at or not far behind middle (fig. 2b-d), the seg- ment in female either narrow throughout or subclavate; propodeum with more or less distinct baSal carina, but with apical carina wanting or at most faintly indicated laterally (fig. 3c and 7)--________________ 3 Spiracles of first segment far behind middle (fig. 2e-h) ---___-_-___-____ 4 8. Clypeus broadly truncate without an apical tooth; first segment sublinear, curved, the spiracle at or slightly behind middle (fig. 2b) ; propodeum (fig. 3c) shining, posteriorly evenly transversely striate; longer hind ealearium reaching beyond middle of basitarsus (fig. 7). Messatoporus, new genus. Fig. 1—HEAD OF: a. LISTROGNATHUS ALBOMACULATUS (CRESSON), Dor- SAL VIEW; b. SAME, LATERAL VIBW OF LOWER PART TO SHOW OCCIPITAL CARINA (0c) AND HYPOSTOMAL CARINA (hc) ; c. LISTROGNATHUS AGNATUS CUSHMAN, LATERAL VIEW OF LOWER PART; d. POLYAENUS SPINARIUS (BRULLE), DorRSAL VIEW; e. MESOSTENUS LEBUCOPUS ASHMEAD, DORSAL View; f. POLYCYRTUS NEGLECTUS CUSHMAN, DORSAL VIEW; g. POLY- CYRTIDHA LIMITIS CUSHMAN, DORSAL VIEW Clypeus medially angulate or toothed; first segment subclavate, straight, the spiracles slightly behind middle (fig. 2c-d) ; propodeum (fig. 37) very long, posteriorly opaque rugoso-punctate; longer hind calcarium not or barely reaching middle or basitarsus__+---_--—---= 2-2 = Mallochia Viereck. 4. Propodeum not completely areolated, nearly or quite without longitudinal carinae, rarely with areola more or less defined________---_--------~- 5 Propodeum nearly completely areolated (fig. 3m)___ Polistiphaga Cushman. 5. Postpetiole in female broad, the sternite not or barely reaching the spir- acles (fig. 2e-f), in male sternite rarely reaching beyond spiracles and then “OnLy: SHeHELY Dey. On eae ae ee ee ne ene 6 Postpetiole in female narrow, the sternite reaching distinctly beyond the spiracles (fig. 29-h), in male far beyond, if not so the areolet is very long and Narrow 22284. 2 a ee ee ee 9 ART. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 3 6. Frons with a single stout horn, rarely indistinct (fig. 1a), abdomen strongly pnnacoarsely> punctate. — oe So ee Listrognathus Tschek. Frons unarmed or with two minute horns or with a more or less promi- nent median carina; abdomen very finely coriaceous and not or very Pre micly -|MUNGCAbC = es xs Se ee eee ee 7 — RAG Fig. 2.—F1irSt ABDOMINAL SEGMENT OF FEMALE: @ AGONO- CRYPTUS DISCOIDALOIDES (VIBRECK), LATERAL VIEW; 0. MESSATOPORUS DISCOIDALIS (CRESSON), LATERAL VIPW; c. MALLOCHIA AGENIOIDES VIERECK, DORSAL Vinw; d. SAME, LATERAL VIEW; e. LISTROGNATHUS ALBOMACULATUS, LaT- ERAL VIDW; f. CRYPTUROPSIS AUDAX (CRESSON), DORSAL VIEW ; g. MESOSTENUS LEUCOPUS ASHMEAD, DORSAL VIPW ; h. SAME, LATERAL VIEW 7. Areolet pentagonal in position, intercubiti convergent, open at apex, the cubitus bent forward at recurrent and backward at second intercubitus (or its normal position), sometimes subobsolete beyond recurrent, recur- rent at or before middle of areolet (fig. 6f and g)_Diapetimorpha Viereck. Areolet elongate or quadrate, intercubiti parallel (Sometimes open at apex), recurrent usually much closer to second interecubitus (or its normal position) than to first, cubitus beyond recurrent straight or HEATLVASOM IS Grit ANG eo) es = see ee a ee Se ee oe 8 BeE CONS MUD Case tore Oe a ee ee Crypturopsis Ashmead. Miron sipicorm ute (tiger dt) sa A SS ee eee eee Polyaenus Cresson. 9. Second discoidal cell neither pointed nor strongly narrowed at base____-~ 10 Second discoidal cell pointed or very narrow at base (fig. 5)---------- 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Sai & é Fic. 3.—PROPODEUM OF FEMALE: a. CRYPTUROPSIS ABDOMINALIS CUSHMAN; 0. AGONOCRYPTUS DISCOIDALOIDES (VIERECK) ; C. MESSATOPORUS DISCOIDALIS (CRBES- SON) ; d. LISTROGNATHUS ALBOMACULATUS (CRESSON) ; e. LISTROGNATHUS AGNA- TUS CUSHMAN; f. DIAPETIMORPHA INTROITA (CRESSON); g. DEROCENTRUS MACILENTUS (CRESSON); h. POLYCYRTUS NEGLECTUS CUSHMAN; i. ACERASTER PERTINAX (CRESSON); 7. MESOSTENUS THORACICUS (CRESSON) ; k. POLYAENUS SPINARIUS (BRULLH); 1. MALLOCHIA AGENIOIDES VIERECK; m. POLISTIPHAGA ZONATA CUSHMAN ~ ART. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 5 10. Frons unarmed, but frequently with a median carina that, seen from above, may appear as a small horn (fig. le), propodeum without distinct apophyses though frequently with apical carina high (fig. 3 g and j)__ 1 Frons with a stout horn (fig. 1f), propodeum with strong apophyses (fig. 3h). Polycyrtus Spinola. -4-C RAC. Fic. 4.—HInpD TROCHANTER AND FEMUR OF: a. DEROCENTRUS MACILENTUS (CRESSON) ; Fie. 5.—Fore WING or ACERASTES PER- b. MESOSTENUS THORACICUS CRESSON TINAX (CRESSON) 11. Hind trochantella not longer than trochanter (fig. 40), ovipositor shorter REDSA NIT) Cy eee eb rhs oe! Bt ye TEE ese as Mesostenus Gravenhorst. Hind trochantella much longer than trochanter (fig. 4@), ovipositor much LGA OTC ENA iE Oye a sa a Derocentrus Cushman. Fic. 6.—THeE AREOLET OF: @. AGONOCRYPTUS DISCOIDALOIDES (VIPRECK) ; 0. MBSSA- TOPORUS DISCOIDALIS (CRESSON) ; c. MESSATOPORUS MAJOR CUSHMAN; d. MALLO- CHIA AGENIOIDES VIERECK; e. LISTROGNATHUS ALBOMACULATUS (CRESSON) ; f. DIAPETIMORPHA ORBA (SAY); g. DIAPETIMORPHA INTROITA (CRESSON) ; h. CRYP- TUROPSIS TEXANUS (ASHMBEAD); i. POLYAENUS SPINARIUS (BRULLE); j. MESOS TBNUS THORACICUS CRESSON; k. POLYCYRTUS NEGLECTUS CUSHMAN; Il, DEROCEN- TRUS MACILENTUS (CRESSON) ; m. POLYCYRTIDEA LIMITIS CUSHMAN; n. ACERASTES PERTINAX (CRESSON) ; 0. POLISTIPHAGA FULVA (CRESSON) 12. Frons (fig. 1g) with a stout horn; areolet (fig. 6m) not defined, second intercubitus missing, radius, first intercubitus and recurrent very close together, nervellus; inclivous===-—_ 2 eee Be Polycyrtidea Viereck. Frons mutic; areolet (fig. 6n) pentagonal in position, second intercubitus missing, cubitus subobsolete beyond recurrent; nervellus reclivous. Acerastes, new genus. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 AGONOCRYPTUS, new genus? Closely related to the Neotropical Monogonocryptus Viereck and Digonocryptus Viereck, but both of those genera have the spiracle of the first abdominal segment behind the middle, the nervulus nearly or quite interstitial, and the clypeus apically more or less distinctly dentate, Monogonocryptus with ane tooth and Digonocryptus * with two teeth. Otherwise these two genera agree very well with the following description of Agonocryptus. Clypeus inflexed apically and very broadly truncate, mutic; labrum broadly exposed; mandibles with lower tooth larger and longer than upper; head narrowed behind eyes, temples narrow, cheeks swollen and much broader than temples; eyes large and prominent; antennae long and slender filiform, scape deeply, obliquely truncate; flagellum in female slightly flattened in about the basal half, basdl joints very long, others successively shorter, apical joint truncate at apex; thorax subcylindrical; notauli deep anteriorly, disappearing in a roughly sculptured area in middle of mesocutum; scutellum weakly convex, not margined; sternauli distinct, propodeum long, with two transverse carinae widely separated, without longitudinal carinae or apophyses, roundly sloping from basal carina, spiracles broadly oval; legs not especially slender, front tibia in female inflated, and basally constricted; hind tibia nearly or quite a half longer than femur, longer calcarium not reaching middle of basitarsus, tarsus distinctly shorter than tibia, apical joint in female hardly as long as second, in male but little longer than fourth; stigma very narrow, radius before middle; discoidal cell not conspicuously narrowed at base; areolet small pentagonal, rather longer than high, intercubiti parallel, sec- ond intercubitus obsolete, recurrent at or slightly beyond middle; nervulus distinctly antefurcal, perpendicular to medius; nervellus sharply broken, strongly reclivous, its upper abscissa perpendicular to mediella; abdomen in female lanceolate, in male narrowly sub- clavate and not apically compressed, spiracles of first segment before middle; in female, first segment stout, decurved, with a blunt tooth on either side below near base, seventh tergite fully as long as third; eighth prominent and scoop-shaped; hypoygium far before apex; ovipositor much shorter than abdomen, deep and bladelike. Genotype.—Mesostenus discoidaloides Viereck. To this genus also belong the following Netropical species: 2 q-yovra=without angle, referring to the lack of a tooth on margin of clypeus, by which it is distin- guished from some of its closest relatives. 8 To this genus, in addition to the genotype, belong the following Neotropical species : (Mesostenus) Digonocryptus tarsatus (Cresson) (new combination). (Mesostenus) Digonocryptus grenadensis (Ashmead) (new combination). (Mesostenus insularis Ashmead, not insularis [Cresson] Ashmead) = (Mesostenus) Digonocryptus cressonii (Ashmead) (new combination). . art. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 7 (Mesostenus) Agonocryptus chichimecus (Cresson) (new combina- tion). (Cryptus) Agonocryptus heathi (Brues) (new combination). AGONOCRYPTUS DISCOIDALOIDES (Viereck) (new combination) Figs. 2a, 3b, 6a, 7 Mesostenus discoidaloides Virreck, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., vol. 19, 1905, p. 319, female. Type.—Kans. Uniy. Coll. Discussion based on seven specimens of each sex in the National Collection determined by the author from Viereck’s description and from notes on the type ‘by A. B. Gahan. Female.—Face very slightly narrower than frons, two-thirds as long as broad, usually more or less obliquely rugulose on each side -above; malar space three-fourths basal width of mandible; diame- ter of lateral ocellus two- thirds ocell-ocular line. Thorax coarsely punctate, rugose in pronotal and mesopleural impressions; propodeum transversely ru- gose in middle _ between carinae, apical area longi- tudinally so; nervellus meat Teas broken at or somewhat er \/ i : above middle. Abdomen coarsely and rather densely | Re ac. \ \ tergite sparsely so, polished Sy punctate, more finely and sparsely so at apex; first at base and apex, two- 3 thirds as broad at apex as long; second tergite distinctly longer than broad at base; ovipositor sheath half as long as abdomen. Black with profuse yellow markings; head yellow except mandi- ables at apex, spot in malar space extending up to clypeal fovae, middle of frons and vertex, and occiput which are black or blackish; antenna black with a small spot on scape and a broad annulus cen- tering at about the eighth joint yellow; thorax yellow as follows: Pronotum dorsally and ventrally, propleurum, round or oval median Fig. 7.—AGONOCRYPTUS DISCOIDALOIDES (VIBRBECEK) 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 spot on mesoscutum, scutellum and postscutellum, subalar tubercle, spot below hind wing, lower part of mesopleurum only partially sep- arated from sternum by a black streak along sternaulus (prepectus black) ; upper and lower divisions of metapleurum largely, and a trifoliate spot covering entire apical slope and position of areola on propodeum; coxae and basal joint of trochanters yellow and black; legs otherwise pale testaceous except hind tarsi, which are yellow with extreme base testaceous and apical two joints blackish; wings hyaline, faintly infumate at apex, venation blackish, stigma reddish; all tergites broadly yellow laterally and all but last apically, first also basally. Male.——More slender than female with malar space shorter, face . narrower, thorax more slender; antennal annulus centering on about the eleventh joint; yellow of head, thorax, and legs somewhat more extensive; hind tibia at apex and basitarsus at base black, tarsus excepting claws otherwise white; abdomen narrower, first and sec- ond tergites three or more times as long as broad at their junction, beyond second tergite more or less red with apical yellow bands less | distinct and sometimes obliterated. The type is from Kansas. The National collection specimens bear data as follows: One female, Lawrence, Kans., August 3, 1896, Hugo Kahl; one female, northern Illinois; one female, Pennsylvania; one female, French Creek, W. Va., reared from larva of Pseudobidion unicolor under Quaintance No. 1285, F. E. Brooks; one female, one male, Victoria, Tex., Hunter No. 267, A. C. Morgan; one female, Calvert, Tex., G. H. Harris; one male, Liberty, Tex., March 18, 1906, E. S. Tucker; one male, Jack- sonville, Tex., October 11, 1905, C. R. Jones; one male, Texas, Bel- frage; two males, Plano, Tex., reared December 12, 1908, from Eupogonius vestitus Say under Hunter No. 1698, E. S. Tucker; one female, Gainesville, Fla., “ecl. No. 1c-5c,” H. L. Dozier; one male, Palm Beach, Fla., H. G. Dyar. MESSATOPORUS, new genus* Clypeus broadly truncate at apex, mutic; labrum prominent; mandibles long and apically very narrow, upper tooth larger and longer than lower; head strongly narrowed behind eyes, cheeks not swollen; eyes large and prominent, malar space very short; antennae as long as body, slender, scape deeply obliquely truncate, flagellum with basal joints long and slender, others gradually shorter toward apex, flagellum apically sometimes flattened; especially in female; thorax much deeper than broad, notauli deep, nearly parallel for most of their length but curving sharply posteriorly and meeting in 4 From péooaros=quite in the middle, and zopos=opening, referring to the location of the spiracles of the first abdominal segment. ART. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 9 a deep depression at about the posterior third of the mesoscutum; scutellum convex, not margined; sternauli deep, complete; propodeum rather long, with the basal carina strong and nearly straight and apical carina absent or slightly indicated laterally, without longitudi- nal carinae, basad of basal carina polished, strongly transversely striate beyond, spiracles elongate; legs slender, hind coxae large, front tibia in female slightly inflated and weakly constricted basally, hind tibia not nearly a half longer than femur, longer calcarium reaching far beyond middle of basitarsus, tarsus subequal in length to tibia, apical joint in female hardly as long as third, in male little longer than fourth; fourth joint of all tarsi, especially in female and especially on front tarsus prolonged on outer side below; stigma very narrow, radius slightly before middle; discoidal cell not conspicu- ously narrowed at base; areolet small, pentagonal, about as long as high, intercubiti parallel or nearly, second intercubitus obsolete, re- current at or beyond middle; nervulus distinctly antefurcal, perpen- dicular to medius or slightly inclivous; nervellus sharply broken, strongly reclivous, upper abscissa perpendicular to mediella; ab- domen in both sexes broadest distinctly beyond middle, first segment slender, decurved, spiracles at or very near the middle; apical tergites in female not conspicuously long; ovipositor sheath shorter than abdomen, ovipositor slender cylindrical. Genotype.—Mesostenus discoidalis Cresson. The four North American species known to me are distinguishable by the following key: 1. Clypeus not apically inflexed; antennae not at all compressed apically; pro- podeum with lateral traces of apical carinae; subdiscoideus below upper GIT USC LAB TT OOS ERS TV, UU ae ee See 2 Clypeus apically inflexed; antennae apically compressed, more strongly so in female; propodeum without trace of apical carina; subdiscoideus at or BHOVesupVer third. OL POStNeR VU US eae = = ee oe a ee ee eee 3 2. Abdomen with alternate bands of black and white_____ discoidalis (Cresson). Abdomen red, bases of segments usually more or less darker, first segment whitishtat basevandtapex:: tat — ee rufiventris, new species. 38. Byes distinctly convergent below_______________ compressicornis, new species. Hyes hardly.convergent below === == major, new species. MESSATOPORUS DISCOIDALIS (Cresson) (new combination) Figs. 2b, 3c, 6b, 8. Mesostenus discoidalis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 162, female. J'ype.—Cat. No. 1575, U.S.N.M. Mesostenus jocosus ProvANcHER, Nat. Can., vol. 6, 1874, p. 300, female; Nat. Can., vol. 11, 1879, p. 112, female; Faune Ent. Can. Hymn., 1883, p. 346, female. Type—Public Mus. Quebec (new synonymy). Discussion based on type and 10 other females and 8 males, all in the National collection. Length, 8-9 mm. 5927—29-__2 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Temples nearly flat; occipital carina not very prominent; vertex behind ocelli only slightly higher than at posterior ocelli; frons weakly impressed in middle; eyes convergent below in about the ratio 5:4; combined face and clypeus very slightly longer than broad, face rather densely finely punctate with a distinct longitudinal im- pression on each side of mid- f <* dle; clypeus nearly half as ax \ Se long as interfoveal line, slop- \ ge ing toward apex but not dis- xX tinctly inflexed, broadly trun- // cate at apex; antennae as long as body; flagellum cy- lindrical throughout, slightly thicker toward apex. Thorax shining but not polished, rather densely finely punc- tate, foveolate along the lat- eral sutures and_ sternauli, pronotal and subalar impres- sions striate; scutellum weak- ly convex; apical carina of propodeum more or less dis- tinct laterally; subdiscoideus below upper third of postner- vulus; coxae opaque, densely and finely punctate. Abdo- men, except first tergite, sub- opaque, very finely coria- ceous; oOvipositor sheath as long as abdomen exclusive of first tergite. Black with profuse pale yellow or white markings as follows: Broad uninterrupted orbits, face, clypeus, mandi- bles at base, scape in front, broad annulus on flagellum centering on joints 10-11, up- per and anterior margins of pronotum, propleura largely, spot on disk. of mesoscutum sometimes prolonged toward the front along notauli, scutellum and its basal carinae, pleura and mesopleurum and meta- and mesosternum except more or less broadly along sutures and usually sternauli, metasternum entirely, upper division of meta- pleurum confluent with a median spot behind postscutellum, pro- podeum behind carina except oval median apical spot, base of first Fig. 8—MESSATOPORUS DISCOIDALIS (CRESSON) ART. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 11 segment, broad apices of tergites 1-7 and 8 except in middle above; front leg stramineous with more or less distinct darker streaks on upper surface of trochanter and femur and flexor surface of tibia, and frequently on upper surface of coxa; middle leg more testaceous with dark markings faint or absent; hind leg testaceous, coxa with upper surface yellowish and flanked on outer side toward base by a dark streak, tibia near base more or less distinctly pale, at apex and basitarsus at base black, tarsus otherwise white, calcaria apically more or less, usually largely, white; wings hyaline, veins dark, stigma ale. r Male-——Smaller and more slender, and less distinctly sculptured and more polished than female; face narrower and eyes less strongly convergent; annulus centering on flagellar joints 13-14; front and middle legs and hind coxae paler; hind tibia white at base, black at apex, and only obscurely red in middle; tergites more or less red be- tween basal black and apical white. The National collection specimens bear the following data: Type and three other specimens, Texas, Belfrage; Victoria, 'Tex., two speci- mens, J. D. Mitchell, one reared March 23, 1909, “ from mud-wasp,” and one reared January 10, 1916, under Hunter No. 3748-1 from Agenia petiolata (Cresson) ; one, Dallas, Tex., April 24, 1907, F. C. Bishopp; one, Kansas; one, Riley County, Kans., May 25, F. Marlatt; one, Boulder, Colo., September, Cockerell; one, Rockford, Ill., reared December 17, 1920, from Ceropales fraterna; one, Plummer Island, Md., June 25, 1920, H. S. Barber; one Cabin John, Md., September 13, 1917, R. M. Fouts; one, Georgetown,, D. C., H. H. Smith; one, Car- isle Junction, Pa., August 28, 1909, W. S. Fisher; one, Durham, N. H., Weed and Fiske; and two without locality, reared, one on April 24, 1884,.from Agenia bombycisa by 'T. Pergande, and one from old nest of Sceliphron caementarium inhabited by Pseudagenia mellipes. MESSATOPORUS RUFIVENTRIS, new species Structurally I can see no. difference between this and discoidalis (Cresson), and am inclined to think it merely a color variation. But in the absence of a good variation series I deem it wiser to describe it as distinct. One of the specimens was compared by S. A. Rohwer with the type of Mesostenus jocusus Provancher and determined by him as that species in spite of the difference in abdominal coloration. Female——Length, 8 mm. Differs from discoidalis practically only in color of abdomen, which is red with tergites more or less darker at base, the first yellow at base and apex. Type-locality—Cabin John, Md. Type.—Cat. No. 40579, U.S.N.M. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 Nine females showing about the same distribution as discoidalis. Type taken August 5, 1917, by R. M. Fouts; two, Glen Echo, R. M. Fouts; one, Glencarlyn, Va., August 18, 1912, J. R. Malloch; one Langdale, Ala., H. H. Smith; one, Texas, Belfrage; one, Boulder | County, Colo., May 9, 1926, Charles H. Hicks, under his No. 150; one, Quebec Province, Canada; and one without data. MESSATOPORUS COMPRESSICORNIS, new species _ This and the following species are very easily distinguishable from the other two species by the characters used in the key, especially in their distinctly compressed antennae. Female.—Length, 9 mm. Temples rather strongly convex; occipital carina high; vertex behind ocelli distinctly higher than at posterior ocelli; frons with a deep median groove; eyes convergent below in the ratio 5:4; com- bined face and clypeus barely as long as broad, face distinctly sha- greened and very sparsely punctate; clypeus barely a third as long as interfoveal line, distinctly inflexed from middle and with a dis- tinct reflexed margin, apex very broadly and slightly concavely trun- cate; antennae as long as body, flagellum very slender at base, strongly flattened toward apex. Thorax polished, at most very sparsely punctate, sternauli and prepectal suture not foveolate, meso- pleural groove foveolate, pronotal impression striate, subalar im- pression smooth; scutellum strongly convex; apical carina entirely wanting; subdiscoideus above upper third of postnervulus; coxae polished, sparsely and coarsely punctate. Abdomen subpolished; sheath as long as abdomen beyond first tergite. Color and color pattern much as in discoidalis, but differing as follows: Scape not pale in front; antennal annulus centering on seventh flagellar joint; several of the sutures of flagellum beyond the annulus with a small white spot on outer side below; post- scutellum pale; all coxae pale yellow with larger or smaller black markings above and below; front and middle trochanters and basal joint of hind trochanter yellow, the middle and hind ones black at base; front and middle femora testaceous; front and middle tibiae and tarsi stramineous; hind tibia testaceous, paler at base and black at apex; hind tarsus white, extreme base black; calcaria black, apically reddish. Male.—More slender than female; face narrower; flagellum less strongly compressed at apex; scape pale in front; annulus centering on flagellar joint 10; front and middle legs paler and practically without black markings; apical joint of hind trochanter largely black, tibia black and white. ArT. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 13 Ty pe-locality —Inglenook, Pa. Alloty pe-locality.—Speeceville, Pa. T ype.—Cat. No. 40580, U.S.N.M. Five females and one male as follows: Type taken in August by J. N. Knull; allotype July 8, 1909, by P. R. Myers; District of Columbia, July and August; Thomasville, Alabama, April 20, 1910, W. D. Pierce. MESSATOPORUS MAJOR, new species Fig. 6c Very closely related to compressicornis and perhaps only a large specimen of that species differing slightly in structure of head and color of legs as follows: Female.—Length, 13 mm. Eyes only very slightly convergent below; front and middle tibiae testaceous, middle tarsi fusco-testaceous; sheath very nearly as long as abdomen. Ty pe-locality —Orlando, Fla. Type—Cat. No. 40581, U.S.N.M. One female, October 13, 1925, O. C. McBride. Genus MALLOCHIA Viereck Mallochia Virrecx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 48, 1912, p. 591. Genotype— Mallochia ageniodes Viereck. ‘ Head transverse, temples convexly narrowed; clypeus small, ar- cuately truncate and medially more or less distinctly toothed at apex; eyes large, somewhat bulging; frons unarmed; mandibles short, up- per tooth slightly larger and longer than lower; scape obliquely trun- cate; flagellum filiform, in female somewhat thickened toward apex. Thorax long subcylindrical, propodeum very long with basal carina obsolete to distinct, other carinae absent, spiracles small circular; notauli distinct anteriorly but not deep; sternauli obsolete; scutellum nearly flat; wings narrow, stigma small, radius slightly before mid- dle, radial cell short, areolet small pentagonal, cubitus beyond sec- ond recurrent and second intercubitus weak, nervulus antefurcal, subdiscoideus far above middle of postnervulus, nervellus strongly reclivous, its upper abscissa perpendicular to cubitella; legs long and slender, longer hind calcarium not or barely half as long as basitar- sus, front tibia in female neither inflated nor basally constricted. Abdomen long fusiform in female, very narrow and subclavate in male; first segment short, straight, gradually widened toward apex, spiracles slightly behind middle; apical tergites in female short; ovipositor sheath much shorter than abdomen; thin, sagittate at apex. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 The two North American species are distinguishable as follows: 1. Head behind eyes much narrower than at eyes; front wings bifasciate; female onlysees see wo ae a ene EE RE agenioides Viereck. Head behind eyes nearly as broad as at eyes; wings hyaline throughout; maleronilys sree he SF 2 ewe OE ae 9S strigosa (Cresson). MALLOCHIA AGENIOIDES Viereck Figs. 2c—d, 3l, 6d Mallochia agenioides VirrecK, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 43, 1912, p. 591, female. Type.—Cat. No. 15036, U.S.N.M. Observations based on type and one other female. Female.—Temples much narrower than eyes, their cephalo-caudad length little more than a third the shortest diameter of eye; occipital carina joining hypostomal carina some distance behind mandible; cheeks much broader than temples; vertex, frons, face, and clypeus basally closely and finely punctate; clypeus half as long as interfoveal line; malar space three-fourths basal width of mandible; antennae two-thirds as long as body, first four flagellar joints elongate and successively gradually shorter, fifth abrutly shorter, subapical joints about as long as thick. Thorax twice as long as deep, finely and closely punctate, pronotal depression striate, scutellum polished; propodeum rather steeply sloping apically, opaque, finely rugulose punctate, basal carina obsolete. Abdomen finely punctate opaque, first tergite nearly polished, very faintly shagreened; first tergite two and a half times as long as broad at apex, postpetiole shghtly longer than broad; second tergite twice as long as broad at base; ovipositor sheath half as long as abdomen. Ferruginous with orbits, face, clypeus, mandibles basally, pro- pleura, front legs, and scutellum paler; mandibles apically, ovi- positor sheath, and apical joint of hind tarsus blackish; flagellum beyond middle of first joint blackish with an incomplete white annulus centering on joint 7; wings hyaline with transverse clouds in front wing opposite apex of costa and apex of radius. The second specimen was captured May 27, 1911, at Anacostia, D. C., by P. R. Myers. MALLOCHIA STRIGOSA (Cresson) (new combination) Mesoleptus ? strigosus Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 167, male. Jype.—Cat. No. 1694, U.S.N.M. Gausocontrus ? strigosus (Cresson) Davis, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 24, 1897, p. 311, male. Nematopodius longicaudus ASHMEAD, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 201, male (not female). The unique type from Texas is the only known specimen of this species. ArT, 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 15 Except for its broader temples and hyaline wings it differs from agenioides Viereck markedly only in its much more slender body and I suspect it is the male of that species. The temples are about half as long as shortest diameter of eye; the thorax about three times as long as deep with the propodeum sloping very gradually to apex; the first tergite is fully three times and the second nearly four times as long as broad at their junction; the hind coxae are very long and slender; and the antennae without a white annulus. Genus LISTROGNATHUS Tschek Listrognathus TscHEeK, Verh. Zool.-bot, Ges. Wien, vol. 20, 1870, p. 153. Geno- type.—Listrognathus cornutus Tschek. Mesostenoideus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1900, p. 45. Geno- type.—Mesostenus albomaculatus Cresson. - Tistrognathus (Tschek) CusHMAN, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1925, p. 390. Viereck’s synonymizing of Mesostenoideus with Polyecyrius Spi- nola is obviously incorrect, as I have previously pointed out. As I have shown in the reference cited above the type of Meso- stenoideus will not run to that genus in Ashmead’s key because of the frontal horn. Quité as characteristic of this genus as the frontal horn is the coarse, dense abdominal punctuation. Temples strongly, obliquely narrowed; frons usually with a dis- tinct horn, rarely with only the trace of such a horn; eyes parallel within or nearly so, clypeus convex, usually very strongly elevated, at base, transversely impressed at apex; malar space long; occipital carina usually very prominent behind cheeks; hypostomal carina very high; antennae long, slender, flagellum in female slightly thickened and flattened below toward apex, first joint much longer than second, which is slightly longer than third, fourth much shorter than third, in male flagellum tapering beyond middle, joints gradually shorter from base. Thorax stout, about twice as long as deep and slightly deeper than broad, densely and coarsely punctate with propodeum usually more or less rugose; upper margins of pronotum swollen and anteriorly carinately angled by the epomia; notauli distinct and complete, scutellum margined only at extreme base, convex, polished and at most sparsely punctate; sternauli deep anteriorly, obsolete posteriorly; propodeum with both transverse carinae and frequently with median carinae more or less indicated between the transverse carinae, apical carina sometimes obsolete medially, apophyses well developed or indicated by strong elevations in apical carina, spiracles elongate or oval; areolet subquadrate or subpentagonal, closed, re- current near apex; nervulus antefurcal; postnervulus broken below 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 middle; nervellus broken below middle, its upper abscissa nearly or quite perpendicular to cubitella; legs slender, front tibia in female not inflated. Abdomen fusiform, narrower in male, coarsely punc- tate, first tergite bent, postpetiole broad, usually with a prominent flange-like carina on lower margin; sheath much shorter than abdomen. The North American species may be distinguished by the follow- ing key: 1. Occipital carina prominently toothed a short distance before reaching hypo- stomal carina’ (fig. 1b) ; abdomen black, the tergites conspicuously banded With whitevapicallly =222 sees ee ee ee albomaculatus (Cresson). Occipital carina not prominently toothed (fig. 1c) ; abdomen red on black with at most the apical tergites narrowly white apically_________________ 2 . Apical carina obsolete medially or much weaker than at apophyses; areola wanting; apical tergites margined with white______ multicolor, new species. Apical carina of propodeum distinct throughout, apophyses not much stronger than middle; areola more or less defined (fig. 8e); apical tergites not i) marcined with wHitews Hse eee ee 3 3.) Hrontalhorn Dlacktht--( eatin es es eee Ae er eee agnatus, new species. Krontal horn}-wihite gisele. 2 tire 2 eer res ek Shed paludatus (Cresson). LISTROGNATHUS ALBOMACULATUS (Cresson) Synonymy and description under varietal heading. A very variable species that is divisible on the basis of specimens studied, into five more or less distinct varieties, recognizable by the following key: 1 Lower divisionio£ metapleurum: partly (white 2s) = ee eee 2 Lower division of metapleurum entirely black_______..-_____________________ 3 25 -ELnd tibia ang Dasitarsus Led=22 225 .2a ee eee rufitibialis, new variety. Hind tibia black or blackish with a subbasal yellow annulus, basitarsus BV LL Wyse se re ee a ree) a A Be multimaculatus, new variety. 3. Hind coxae red and white; fore wing in female with a distinct cloud below SEIS = See te ae et eee See he) 2p variety nubilipennis (Cresson). Hind coxae; black orblackiandGwhite = 22) se ee ee 4 4. White bands of abdomen in female, at least on tergites 2 and 3 interrupted at sides; mesoscutum immaculate, mesopleurum nearly or quite so; face in female medially immaculate; antenna in male without white annulus. variety sagax (Provancher). White abdominal bands entire; mesoscutum and mesopleurum with white spots; face in female usually more or less white medially ; antenna in male With whitevannulus:==s2 se es eee variety albomaculatus (Cresson). LISTROGNATHUS ALBOMACULATUS variety ALBOMACULATUS (Cresson) Figs. la—b, 2e, 3d, 6e Mesostenus albomacuiatus Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soe. Philadelphia, vol. 3, 1864, p. 313, female—ASHMEAD, Smith; Ins. of N. J., (1899) 1900, p. 570. Type.—No. 1108, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 5 The carina running backward from the ventral articulation of the mandible along the outer side of maxilla. ArT, 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 17 Mesostenus leucocorus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 407, male. Type.—Cat. No. 2019, U.S.N.M. Mesostenoideus albomaculatus (Cresson) ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1900, p. 45. Polycyrtus albomaculatus (Cresson) Virreck, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 644. Mesostenidea (Polycyrtus) albomaculata (Cresson) Virreck, Hym. Conn., (1916) 1917, pp. 329 and 330. Listrognathus albomaculatus (Cresson) CUSHMAN, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1295, p. 391. Listrognathus leucocorus (Ashmead) CusHMAN, Journ, Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1925, p. 391. Discussion based on type, a specimen compared with the type by the writer, type of Zewcocoxus, and nine other females and two other males. Female.——Length, 8-12 mm. Temples and vertex behind ocelli sharply sloping, densely and coarsely punctate; frons medially irregularly rugose; face medially rugose punctate; inner orbits and malar space finely coriaceous and sparsely punctate; eyes parallel; malar space about three-fourths as long as basal width of mandible, occipital carina very prominent below; clypeus very prominent; antennae nearly as long as body, fourth flagellar joint three-fourths as long as third. ‘Thorax coarse- ly, mostly confluently punctate, pronotum laterally and mesopleurum above striately rugose; scutellum subpolished, sparsely punctate; propodeum reticulate rugose; apical carina obsolete medially, apophy- ses prominent. Basal tergites punctate, postpetiole coarsely and rather sparsely so, second coarsely and confluently so; apical tergite polished, impunctate; sheath hardly half as long as abdomen; ovi- positor stout, compressed, depressed beyond dorsal angle. Black with whitish markings as follows: Orbits except behind top of eyes; usually two small spots on middle of face, sometimes want- ing and sometimes confluent; clypeus basally; spot on upper margin of mandible; broad, ventrally incomplete, annulus, centering about on joint 8 or 9 of flagellum and usually a spot on under side of scape; anterior and humeral margins of pronotum, median spot on mesoscutum ; scutellum largely and postcutellum; tegulae; subalar tubercle; a large mark below on mesopleurum; upper division of metapleurum; a large longitudinal mark on each side of posterior face of propodeum including the apophyses; and apical bands on tergites 1-6, those on 2 and 8 not interrupted laterally, extreme apex of 2 narrowly black; wings yellowish hyaline, sometimes with a faint trace of a cloud below stigma, venation dark brown; legs tes- taceous; front and middle coxae largely whitish, more or less black at base and sometimes at apex above; hind coxa black with a whit- ish spot above, hind knees black, tibia blackish, pale subbasally ; 5927—29——3 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 74 tarsus white, basitarsus with a more or less distinct dark subbasal annulus, apical joint red. Male—Much like female but antennae slightly longer than body and with annulus centering about on flagellar joint 14 or 15 and scape entirely white below; face entirely, clypeus and mandibles except apex whitish; seventh tergite also white at apex. The type is from Pennsylvania and that of leucocowus from Mis- souri. The other United States National Museum specimens are as — follows: A female, Castle Rock, Pa., September 7, 1901; a male, Lyme, Conn., May 18, 1918, W. S. Fisher; five females, Cabin John, Md., July 1-August 21, R. M. Fouts; a female, Glen Echo, Md., September 17, 1918, R. M. Fouts; a female, Virginia, August 5, 1883, T. Pergande; a female, Wooster, Ohio, June 1, 1897; one male, Urbana, IIL, July 15, 1893, Hugo Kahl; and a female, Cadet, Mo., J. G. Barlow. LISTROGNATHUS ALBOMACULATUS RUFITIBIALIS, new variety Female and male——A southern variety extending as far north on the Atlantic Coast as New Jersey. Differing from all other varieties in its red hind tibia and basitarsus and from all but multimaculatus in the white maculate lower division of metapleurum. The yellow markings are somewhat more extensive than in the typical form; in the female the median facial spot is usually confluent with the orbital ring. Type-locality—Plummer Island, Md. Allotype-locality—Heckton Mills, Pa. Type.—Cat. No. 40582, U.S.N.M. Described from three females and seven males, the type taken July 21, 1920, by H. S. Barber and the allotype June 6, 1909, by W. S. Fisher; a male with same data as allotype except May 21, 1909; a female, Lucaston, N. J., August 27, 1905; a male, Pyziton, Ala., H. H. Smith; two males, Dallas, Tex, April 8, 1906, F. C. Bishopp, and March 6, 1907, R. A. Cushman; two males, Plano, Tex., October and November, E. S. Tucker; and one female, Lawrence, Kans.,, Hugo Kahl. LISTROGNATHUS ALBOMACULATUS MULTIMACULATUS, new variety Female—Differs from the typical form in the possession of a large white spot on lower division of metapleurum; in the generally some- what larger spots, especially noticeable on the face, where the median spot is usually confluent with the orbital markings; orbital ring sometimes complete; hind tibia black at apex, this color grading off to fuscous red toward base; hind basitarsus entirely white. Ty pe-locality Carlisle Junction, Pennsylvania. Type.—Cat. No. 40583, U.S.N.M. ART, 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 19 Three females, the type captured August 28, 1909, by W. S. Fisher ; one from New York; and one from Riley County, Kans., November, Marlatt. LISTROGNATHUS ALBOMACULATUS variety NUBILIPENNIS (Cresson) Mesostenus nubilipennis Cresson, Can. Ent., vol. 10, 1878, p. 205. Type.—No. 1184, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Discussion based on type. Differs from typical form in having the hind coxae largely red and in having a distinct, though not deeply infumate, cloud in the front wing. Cresson says “frons unarmed ”, but the structure of the frons is the same as in specimens with the horn. There is great variation in the size of the horn, and the reduction in size is apparently carried to the extreme in this specimen. A male from Vienna, Va., April 22, 1915 (R. A. Cushman), which I have somewhat doubtfully determined as this variety has a dis- tinct frontal horn, lacks the alar cloud, and has the hind coxae red and only slightly paler above. The type is from Georgia. LISTROGNATHUS ALBOMACULATUS variety SAGAX (Provancher) Mesostenus sagax PROVANCHER, Nat. Can., vol. 11, 1879, p. 112, fig. 2e, female; Faune Ent. Can. Hym., 1883, p. 345, fig. 35¢, female. J'ype—Publie Museum, Quebec. Discussion based on notes by S. A. Rohwer on type and three females and one male in the National collection determined by the writer. : According to Rohwer’s notes the type will run in Ashmead’s key to Mesostenoideus, which would indicate that the frons is unarmed, but one of the females in the National collection agrees so nearly perfectly with Provancher’s description and with the additional characters in Rohwer’s notes that the determination appears correct. So identified this form is probably nothing but a more or less melanic variation of the species hardly worthy of varietal rank. In its extreme form as represented by the type the head is entirely without white markings; on the thorax only the scutellum and apophyses are white marked; and the coxae are entirely black. ~In the National Museum specimen that approaches closest to the type in coloration the frontal orbits are narrowly white; there are small white spots on dorsal margin of pronotum, base of tegula, subalar tubercle, and upper side of middle coxa. In the most highly ornamented specimen these markings are larger, the orbital mark extends to the sides of the face, and there are additional white markings on cheeks, clypeus, mandibles, lower corner of pronotum, 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 lower margin of mesopleurum, postscutellum, upper division of meta- pleurum and all coxae. The only characters in which all agree and in which they differ from the typical variety are the interrupted apical bands of tergites 2 and 8 and the medially immaculate face. In the male the orbits are more broadly white from frons around to cheeks, the face is medially white, clypeus and mandibles partly white, scape white below, flagellum entirely black; tegulae, humeral margin of pronotum, subalar tubercle, postscutellum, front and middle coxae and trochanters beneath white; front and middle coxae and trochanters above, hind coxa and basal joint of trochanter en- tirely, apex of femur, basal and apical joints of tarsus black; second joint of hind tarsus dusky; apical bands of tergites 2 and 3 not in- terrupted; seventh tergite apically white. The type is from Cap Rouge, Quebec; the most nearly typical fe- male of the National collection and the male from Edmonton, Al- berta, April 5, 1924, George Salt; and the two other females from Canada (C. F. Baker collection) ; and Lyme, Conn., June 15, 1918, W. Middleton. LISTROGNATHUS MULTICOLOR, new species lemale.—Length 8 mm. Temples strongly sloping, straight, distinctly, though not densely, punctate; frons medially rugose above, polished below, horn large; face finely alutaceous, coarsely punctate; clypeus moderately ele- vated; malar space subequal to basal width of mandible; occipital carina not prominent below; antennae nearly as long as_ body. Thorax densely and coarsely punctate, pronotum laterally, mesopleu- rum and metapleurum partly, rugoso-striate; propodeum with apical carina obsolete medially, apophyses low carinate, obliquely striate rugose between the carinae, posterior face reticulate rugose; nervulus distinctly antefurcal ; nervellus perpendicular to cubitella. Abdomen densely, rather coarsely punctate on tergites 2-3, postpetiole sparsely punctate; sheath hardly half as long as abdomen; ovipositor as in albomaculatus. Head and thorax black with the following white markings; an- terior orbits, very narrow on face; a spot on cheek; middle of clypeus; spot on mandible; upper side of ninth flagellar joint; small spots on humeral margin of pronotum, tegula, subalar tubercle, and scutellum ; and a spot on each side of ate face of propodeum, including apophyses; wings yellowish hyaline; legs testaceous; front and mid- dle coxae more or less whitish above; hind tibia dusky red, blackish at base and apex, with an ipdebnue yellowish subbasal annulus; tarsus dusky, basal and apical joints nearly black, joints 1-4 pale at ArT, 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 21 base; abdomen ferruginous, apical tergites more or less black, tergites 4-7 with narrow white margins. Type-locality —California. Type.—Cat. No. 40584, U.S.N.M. Two females, the paratype from Kaslo, British Columbia (R. RB. Currie). The paratype is smaller than the type. It lacks the orbital mark- ings on sides of face and on cheeks; clypeus is only faintly maculate and the mandibles entirely black; the antennal annulus occupies joints 9-11; the.spots on the thorax are smaller, and those on the subalar tubercles and propodeum are wanting; and the fourth tergite lacks the apical white band. LISTROGNATHUS AGNATUS, new species Figs. 1c, 3e Female—tLength, 8 mm. Head rather thick antero-posteriorly, the temples convexly oblique, strongly punctate; frons polished, almost without sculpture, horn fairly large; face slightly widening below, coriaceous, medially rather densely punctate; clypeus convex basally, but not especially promi- nent; malar space about three-fourths basal width of mandible; occi- pital carina not prominent below; antennae (broken). Thorax rather more finely sculptured than usual for the genus; propodeum with both basal and apical carinae distinct throughout and with the areola obsoletely defined laterally, about as long as broad with cos- tulae near base, apophyses low carinate, apical slope flat; nervulus strongly antefurcal; nervellus slightly inclivous, its upper abscissa oblique to cubitella. Abdominal sculpture rather finer than usual; postpetiole shining, punctate only around margins and these sparsely so; sheath little more than a third as long as abdomen; ovipositor rather slender, slightly compressed, dorsal margin beyond angle straight. Black; narrow frontal orbits and sometimes narrower facial orbits, humeral margins of pronotum, tegulae, subalar tubercles, spot on scutellum, sometimes a spot on each side of posterior face of pro- podeum and joints 2-4 of hind tarsus white; hind femur at apex, tibia, and basitarsus black, the tibia indefinitely paler subbasally ; wings hyaline, venation brown, stigma paler; abdomen black, first tergite very dark reddish piceous, =coond and third very narrowly margined with pale reddish. Type-locality—Southern Illinois. Type.—Cat. No. 40585, U.S.N.M. Three females, none entire. These bear an Ashmead manuscript name indicating an associa- tion with the lepidopterous genus Orgyia. 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 74 LISTROGNATHUS PALUDATUS (Cresson) Mesostenus paludatus Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 162, male. Type.—No. 1185, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. _ Discussion based on the unique male type and a female in the National Collection somewhat doubtfully determined by the writer as this species. Immediately recognizable by its white frontal horn. Male.—The type differs from the female of agnatus in having the head longer behind the eyes with the temples more strongly convex; eyes widely divergent below. Head and thorax black; frontal horn, anterior and lower poste- rior orbits, face, mouth parts, scape in front, collar, humeral margins of pronotum, median spot on mesoscutum, scutellum, tegulae, subalar tubercle, and a spot near lower margin of mesopleurum white; flagellum black above, reddish beneath; propodeum ferruginous, stained with black basally and in apical middle, with a white mark on each side of apical face; legs testaceous, front and middle coxae, front trochanters, and joints 2-4 of hind tarsi white; hind femur and tibia apically and basal and apical joints of tarsus black; abdo- men ferruginous, tergites beyond fifth black. The female mentioned above, which is without locality label, is of the same form and structure and abdominal coloration as that of agnatus but is somewhat larger (10 mm.) with more white markings. From the type of paludatus it differs structurally in the same way as does agnatus. In color it differs as follows: face except a small median spot above, black; orbits, interrupted in malar space; anterior margin of pronotum and mesoscutum unmaculate; propodeum black, the apical face white with a large median black spot, the edges of the black more or less reddish as is also the apex of the metapleurum; front and middle legs entirely testaceous except for dorsal whitish spots on coxae; abdomen black with only the first, and to a lesser extent the second tergite reddish piceous, second and third narrowly pale reddish at apex. Genus CRYPTUROPSIS Ashmead Crypturus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 4138, (not Graverhorst). Crypturopsis ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1900, p. 45. Genotype. Crypturus texanus Ashmead. Head strongly narrowed behind, temples short; occipital carina strongly sinuate and prominent behind cheeks, joining the hypo- stomal carina far back of mandible; frons unarmed but with a more ART. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 23 or less distinct median carina, medially impressed or flattened immediately before front ocellus; malar space rather long; clypeus truncate, convex with a rather broad reflexed margin; labrum ex- posed; upper tooth of mandible larger and longer than lower; antennae of moderate length, rather stout, in female slightly thicker and flattened below toward apex, first three flagellar joints long, fourth abruptly shorter, in male tapering, flagellar joints gradually shorter from base toward apex. Thorax stout, strongly sculptured; upper margin of pronotum swollen on each side of middle; notauli usually distinct anteriorly, sometimes obsolete; scutellum flat or weakly convex without distinct lateral carinae, lateral areas coarsely striate; prepectal carina and sternauli complete, the latter foveolate ; propodeum short, precipitate behind, basal carina distinct, apophyses rounded, spiracles large, oval; hind legs long, stout; stigma narrow, radius before middle; areolet quadrate in position open behind, cubitus nearly straight beyond recurrent; nervulus nearly or quite interstitial; postnervulus broken at or slightly above the middle; nervellus broken near the bottom. Abdomen in female broad fusi- form, in male very small and apically more or less distinctly com- pressed ; postpetiole, especially in female, broad, spiracles far beyond middle of segment; sheath much shorter than abdomen; ovipositor stout, compressed, subsagittate and serrate both above and below at apex. Seven North American species are known, distinguishable by the following key: Poting-coxde, red or red’ and “yellow_= ste 2-Ue See eee tt eee 2 Hind coxae black and yellow or black, red, and yellow________-__-________ 5 2. Notauli obsolete; first tergite pale with a black spot on postpetiole. texanus (Ashmead). Notauli distinct; first tergite red with or without yellow apical band_____ 3 8. Anterior and posterior orbits broadly yellow, thorax profusely marked with yellow, mesopleurum largely yellow__---_-__-___________ audax (Cresson). Orbits at most narrowly yellow; thorax with only small yellow spots, meso- pleurum very:dargely’ or entirely \black ~.a22—~ 222-2 22 be 4 4. Orbits narrowly yellow; metapleurum immaculate; second tergite red at apex. saundersi (Cresson). Orbits immaculate; metapleurum marked with yellow, second tergite yellow SL Tem el IDC Kew e oeeee t e ec farmatus (Provancher). e-, Aboomen! black and: whites 205.2 x sae sey Te OEE tot eee 6 Abdomen) med srs” Sth yey fevers ree spar l be abdominalis, new species. 6. Mesosternum with only a small yellow spot on each side near sternauli; diameter of ocelli in male little more than half ocell-ocular line. candidus (Cresson) Mesosternum in female with a large yellow spot on each side of middle, the two forming a jew’s-harp-shaped figure, in male largely yellow; diameter of ocelli in the male fully three-fourths ocell-ocular line___ fortis (Cresson). 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 CRYPTUROPSIS TEXANUS (Ashmead) Fig. 6h Orypturus teranus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 413, male. Type.—Cat. No. 2034, U.S.N.M. Crypturus dyari ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., vol. 29, 1897, p. 118, female, male.— Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 5, 1897, p. 126. Type—Cat. No. 3649, U.S.N.M. (new synonymy). Crypturopsis teranus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1900, p. 45— DatLa Torre, Cat. Hym., 1901-1902, p. 536. (Crypturopsis) dyari ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1900, p. 45. Crypturopsis dyari (ASHMEAD) DALLA TorRE, Cat. Hym., 1901-1902, p. 536. Differs from all other North American species by its obsolete notauli, these being indicated anteriorly by coarser sculpture. Discussion based on types of both names, allotype and two female paratypes of dyari, another male from the same source as the type of dyari, and five other specimens of each sex. The female dyari bearing the name label in Ashmead’s hand is hereby designated the lectotype of that name.. The color difference between the males noted by Ashmead is more apparent than real, the reddish markings of tewanus being due to staining. The slight differences in the color of the hind legs are variational. Female.—Length 7-12 mm. Eyes nearly parallel within, slightly sinuate opposite antennae, face slightly broadening below; head subtly shagreened; frontal orbits, postvertex, temples and cheeks sparsely punctate; vertex and frons rugose, frons above regularly transversely so, scrobes arcuately rugose; face, clypeus and malar space densely punctate, middle of face somewhat rugulose; malar space subequal to basal width of mandible; antennae two-thirds as long as body, first flagellar joint slightly longer than second, third subequal to second, fourth a little more than half as long as third. Pronotum above punctate, the swollen area nearly smooth, impression and along lateral margin coarsely striate; mesoscutum punctate, the interspaces shagreened, positions of notauli and prescutellar area rugose; scutellum polished with scattered punctures; mesopleurum shining; rugulose above, punctate below, speculum polished, striate anteriorly; sternum densely punctate; sternauli coarsely foveolate; upper division of metapleurum punctate, its lower division and the propodeum irreg- ularly rugose, basal areas partly shagreened; apophyses polished ; postnervulus broken distinctly above middle. Abdomen opaque, very finely coriaceous, first tergite polished; sheath nearly as long as abdomen exclusive of first tergite. Black with whitish markings as follows: Broad orbits interrupted on temples; middle of face (sometimes entire face); convex por- tion of clypeus; occasionally base of mandible; annulus on flagellum arr. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 25 beginning on fourth joint and centering on about seventh or eighth; anterior margin of pronotum and dorsal swellings; two lines on mesocutum; scutellum and basal carinae; postscutellum; subalar tubercle and a large mark below speculum; tegulae; large spots on upper and lower divisions of metapleurum; apophyses and usually a spot on each side of basal middle of propodeum;; first tergite except a spot on disk of postpetiole, and broad apical bands on all other tergites except last; legs testaceous, hind tarsi stramineous, black at apex; wings hyaline, venation blackish, stigma stramineous. Male.—Except sexually essentially like female, but without anten- nal annulus, eyes convergent below, front legs paler, and hind legs except coxae darker; hind trochanters more or less, upper surface of femur frequently, tibia except base, which is whitish, and tarsus piceous to black. The most noteworthy variation is in the comparative width of the female abdomen; in the types of dyari, which were parasitic in the short oval cocoons of Alarodia slossoniae (Packard), the abdomen is especially broad. The type of tevanus is from Texas (Belfrage) and those of dyari from Florida, reared by Dr. H. G. Dyar, as was also one other male. The other National Museum specimens are as follows: Florida— Gainesville, September 18, 1923, T. H. Hubbell (one specimen) ; Mic- cosuke, April 27, 1924, T. H. Hubbell (one specimen) ; Biscayne Bay (one specimen) ; one specimen labelled simply Florida. Louisiana— Crowley, August 29, 1911, E. S. Tucker (one specimen). Alabama— Pysiton, Clay County, H. H. Smith (two specimens). Texas—Plano, October, E. S. Tucker (two specimens) ; Victoria, April 28, 1904, W. E. Hinds (one specimen). CRYPTUROPSIS AUDAX (Cresson) (new combination) Fig. 2f Mesostenus audax CRrEssoN, Can. Ent., vol. 10, 1878, p. 207, female. 7'ype.—wNo. 1172, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Mesostenus exaptus Cresson, Can, Ent., vol. 10, 1878, p. 208, female. Zype.—No. 1176, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Mesostenidea exapia (Cresson) VirrEecK, Hym. Conn. (1916) 1917, p. 329. Discussion based on types of both names, a specimen in the National collection compared with both types by the writer, and seven other females. The two types differ apparently only in size and coarseness of sculpture and exhibit minor differences in extent of color. The speci- men compared with the types is intermediate in these respects between the two. Female.——tLength 7-14 mm. Differs from texanus essentially as follows. Face slightly narrower than frons, barely widening below, eyes hardly at all sinuate opposite 5927—29—_4 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 antennae; frons irregularly rugose above, scrobes with striae radi- ating from antennal foramina; face less densely punctate, clypeus and malar space sparsely so; antennae about three-fourths as long as body, fourth flagellar joint two-thirds as long as third. Notauli distinct anteriorly; inner margins of lateral lobes polished and almost impunctate; lower division of metapleurum coarsely punctate but not rugose; propodeum reticulate rugose; apophyses compressed ; postnervulus broken very nearly at middle. Head and thorax colored as in ¢exanus except that there is a whitish spot on mesosternum along sternaulus, the spots on scutellar carinae are usually and those at base of propodeum apparently always lack- ing, and the spots covering the apophyses are much larger; abdomen as in texanus except first tergite red with apex whitish; black and whitish on second tergite separated by an irregular reddish streak; hind coxa red, whitish below and at base above, tarsus red apically. The male is unknown, unless, as I suspect, it is candidus (Cresson). The type of audax is from Georgia, that of exaptus from Massa- chusetts. The National Museum material is as follows: Lucaston, N. J., October 10, 1902 (one specimen compared with types), Penn- sylvania—Carlisle Junction, August 28, 1909, W. S. Fisher; Ingle- nook, September 10, 1909, A. B. Champlain. Maryland—Baltimore; Cabin John, September 7, 1917, R. M. Fouts; Plummer Island, October 12, 1906, A. K. Fisher. Virginia—Great Falls, September 12, 1912, A. N. Caudell. Alabama—Pyziton, Clay County, H. H. Smith. None of the National Museum specimens is quite so large as the type of audaxz nor quite so small as that of exaptus, but they form a good variation series between the two. CRYPTUROPSIS SAUNDERSI (Cresson) (new combination) Mesostenus saundersi CrESSON, Can. Ent., vol. 10, 1878, p. 208, female. Type.— No. 1187, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Much like audaa but head and thorax much less extensively marked with whitish and first tergite entirely and second apically red. Known only from the unique type, which is from “ Canada West.” CRYPTUROPSIS? ARMATUS (Provancher) (new combination) Mesostenus armatus ProvaANcHerR, Addit. Faune Ent. Can. Hym., 1889, p. 76, female. Otacustes armatus (Provancher) Davis, Can. Ent., vol. 27, 1895, p. 288. Type.— Coll. W. H. Harrington. The transfer of this species to Cryptoropsis is on the strength of a note on the type by S. A. Rohwer, which says that it runs in Ashmead’s key very satisfactorily to this genus. The species assigned ART. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN oF in the present paper to Déiapetimorpha also run in Ashmead to Crypturopsis, and it may be that armatus should be assigned there. Rohwer’s notes do not mention the form of the areolet, nor does the original description. The form of the propodeal apophyses appears from the description to be more like that of Diapetimorpha. Because of this doubt I have keyed the species out under both genera. The following is a rearranged translation of Provancher’s de- scription with additions from Rohwer’s notes: Female.—Length, 10 mm. Robust; antennae stout; notauli well defined in anterior fourth; sternauli foveolate; scutellar fovea foveolate, scutellum shining, im- punctate; propodeum rugose posteriorly, apophyses thornlike; are- olet small, second intercubitus obsolete; abdomen short oval; post- petiole broad; ovipositor shorter than abdomen. Black with the following white markings: Clypeus, spot on man- dible, palpi, annulus beyond middle of antenna, spots on anterior angles of pronotum, tegulae, subalar tubercles, a small spot above middle coxae, scutellum, postscutellum, spots on upper and lower divisions of metapleurum, apophyses, and apical margins of all tergites; first tergite, except apex, and a line on second between the black and white red; antennae, except annulus, black; legs, includ- ing coxae and trochanters, red. Known only from the type, which is from Ottawa, Ontario. CRYPTUROPSIS CANDIDUS (Cresson) Mesostenus candidus CRESSON, Can. Ent., vol. 10, 1878, p. 206, male. Type.— No. 1173 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Crypturus albomaculatus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 414, male. TJ'ype.—Cat. No. 2085, U.S.N.M. (Crypturopsis) albomaculatus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1900, p. 45. Endurus albomaculatus (ASHMEAD) DALLA TorRE, Cat. Hym., 1901-1902, p. 528. Mesostenidea candida (Cresson) ViIrERECK, Hym. Conn., (1916) 1917, p. 329. Crypturopsis candidus (Cresson) CUSHMAN, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1925, p. 390. Discussion based on type, a specimen compared with the type, the type and paratype of a/bomaculatus and one other specimen, Known only in the male, unless, as seems likely, it is the male of audax. Differs from the male of tewanus as follows: Mesoscutum very densely punctate, notauli distinct anteriorly; white of posterior or- bits at most narrowly interrupted above; malar space frequently black; a white spot on each side of mesosternum close to sternauli; apophyses somewhat more prominent and less smoothly rounded, the yellow spots extending farther from their bases; all coxae and 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 74 hind trochanters black and white; hind tarsus, except base and apex, white. The type of candidus is from New York and those of albomacu- latus from Michigan. The other two specimens in the National collection are from Malden, Mass., September 9, 1879; and Florida. Except for slight differences in size and in extent of white mark- ings, all specimens are very much alike. CRYPTUROPSIS FORTIS (Cresson) Mesostenus fortis Cresson, Can. Ent., vol. 10, 1878, p. 206, female. Type.— No. 1177, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Mesostenidea fortis (Cresson) VirrrEcK, Hym. Conn., (1916) 1917, p. 329. Crypturopsis fortis (Cresson) CUSHMAN, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1925, p. 390. As suggested by Cresson this may possibly be the female of can- didus, but the greater extent of white markings in the female is very unusual. Moreover, there is in the National Collection a male which agrees in this respect with fortis and is apparently distinct from candidus and which J take to be the male of fortis. This male differs from candidus as follows: Face distinctly less than half as long as broad, malar space much shorter than the basal width of mandible; diameter of ocelli fully three-fourths as long as basal width of mandible; propleura apically white; mesosternum and hind tarsus entirely white. The female type has the mososternal marking reduced to two large spots so shaped that together they form a jew’s-harp-shaped mark. The type from New York and the male described above, which is from Highspire, Pa., July 30, 1910, W. S. Fisher, appear to be the only known specimens of this species. CRYPTUROPSIS ABDOMINALIS, new species Fig. 3a Very distinct from all the other species in its largely red abdomen. Female——Length, 12 mm.; antennae, 9 mm.; ovipositor, 3 mm. In stature and structure nearly identical with audax but malar space fully as long as basal width of mandible and sculpture of head and thorax somewhat coarser and denser, with scrobes arcuately striate and metapleurum punctuate-rugose; white markings as in audaxs but somewhat less extensive on thorax; white orbits rarely interrupted behind top of eyes; antennal annulus incomplete below; scutellar carinae always white marked; coxae black and white, hind coxa more or less red especially at apex on inner side; front and middle trochanters white; legs otherwise testaceous, the tarsi slightly paler; abdomen ferruginous, base of first and apices of first and second tergites indefinitely yellowish. ~ Type locality —Put in Bay, Ohio. Type—Cat. No. 40586, U.S.N.M. ART, 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 29 Described from eight females, six collected during June and July, 1924, at the type locality and received from Prof. C. H. Kennedy, Ohio State University; one from New Haven, Conn., June 17, 1911, A. B. Champlain; and one from Chevy Chase, Md., D. G. Fairchild, Genus DIAPETIMORPHA Viereck Diapetimorpha VirrnoK, Proc, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, 19138, p. 565. Geno- type—(Cryptus armatus Ashmead) =Diapetimorpha introitus (Cresson). Very closely related to Crypturopsis Ashmead but at once dis- tinguishable by the form of the areolet, which appears to be the only constant difference. The flagellar joints are more slender but bear the same relation to each other; the scutellum is usually somewhat more convex with the lateral carinae stronger; the apical carina of the propodeum is usually more distinct, especially in the male; the apophyses in the female are more distinctly compressed and usually distinctly carinate, in the male they are not developed; the occipital carina is not or only weakly sinuate behind the cheeks; and the nervellus is broken at or near the middle with its upper abscissa usually nearly or quite perpendicular to the cubitella. Apparently bears very little relationship to Déapetus Cameron, with which Viereck originally compared it, and which appears, from the description, to be similar to Harrana Cameron. The species here assigned to this genus form a rather hetero- geneous group, which should perhaps be separated ‘into several genera. The seven North American species known to me may be distin- guished by the following key: Crypturopsis? armatus (Provancher), which perhaps belongs to this genus, is included. 1. First tergite red, others black and white. Crypturopsis? armatus (Provancher). Abdomen ‘otherwise’ colGred 22 tk 0s _ S91 5 AS ye tet 7) hae ees yee ees _ty0 2 2. Nervellus broken far below middle and strongly inclivous; apical earina in female entirely wanting between apophyses; abdomen black and white, tergites 3 and 4 in male sometimes pale reddish_________________________ 3 Nervellus broken at or not far below middle, reclivous, upper abscissa per- pendicular to cubitella; apical carina in female more or less distinctly in- dicated between apophyses; abdomen red, rarely in male black and Vellowist. Darourire? ssech a cies ralyerals acs fhe Be esl pnts dees, 4 3. Mesoscutum with two small spots or lines on disk; petiole basally white; hindcoxa in female red'andi white). 22-0) ee orba (Say). Mesoscutum with a single median spot; petiole basally black; hind coxa in TORO DIAC AHO WM bes. = ee te ee cinctiventris, new name. 4. Clypeus weakly convex, without a distinct reflexed margin; mesoseutum with two small spots or lines on disk (sometimes indistinct) ; head in both sexes black and white, the pale orbits not interrupted at top of eyes; male ancenne: witout pale, annulass- oo oS ba Sas and Ry 5 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 Clypeus rather strongly convex, with a distinct reflexed margin; mesoscutum immaculate or with a single median spot; head in female unicolorous, in male black and yellow, pale orbits interrupted at top of eye; male antenna With) ape: samo tarry et a cae a a eee ee 7 S.C Thoraxnot atallred fa ee ee eae Tufigaster, new species. Thorax “partly onrjentirely, ved 2243 ee le ee ee 6 6. Pronotum and mesoscutum black and white_________ confederata, new species. Pronotum and mesoscutum largely red________________ alabama, new species. 7. Thorax in female red, in male red and yellow; a small species. acadia, new species. ’ Thorax in female black, in male black and yellow; a large species. introita (Cresson). DIAPETIMORPHA ORBA (Say) (new combination) Fig. 6f Cryptus orbus Say, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, 1835, p. 231 (LeConte 5 ed., vol. 2, p. 688). Type—Lost; neotype in U.S.N.M. Hemiteles orbus (Say) WaAtsuH, Can. Ent., vol. 2, 1869, p. 9—CrEssoN, sree Hym. No. Amer., 1887, p. 199. Mesostenus diligens Cresson, Can. Ent., vol. 10, 1878, p. 207, female. Type.— No. 1175, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Lymeon annulicornis ASHMEAD, Ins. Life, vol. 7, 1894, p. 248, female. Type.— Cat. No. 1462, U.S.N.M. Crypturopsis annulicornis (Ashnread) CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, 1919, p. 521. (Possibly synonymous with diligens.) Crypturopsis orbus (Say) CusHMAN and GAHAN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 23, 1921, p. 162. Has very much the appearance of a species of Crypturopsis but with areolet distinctly pentagonal. Discussion based on neotype of orbus, type and homotype (Vier- eck) of diligens, type of annulicornis, and 13 other females and 6 other males, all except the type of diligens in the United States National Museum. Female.—Length, 5-9 mm. Head very finely coriaceous, temples and cheeks subpolished, frons and vertex medially rugulose; face sparsely punctate and somewhat rugulose just below antennae, with a shallow impression on each side of middle just above clypeus. Temples very narrow and nearly flat; cheeks swollen; occipital carina slightly sinuate below; clypeus strongly convex with a distinct reflexed margin; malar space two- thirds basal width of mandible; upper tooth of mandible larger and longer than lower; flagellum slender, neither thickened nor flattened below toward apex, joint 1 about six times as long as thick, 2 and 3 somewhat shorter and subequal, 4 a little more than half as long as 3, others successively shorter. Thorax shining; pronotal impression striate; mesoscutum opaque coriaceous, middle of disk irregularly longitudinally striate, prescutum sparsely punctate, notauli foveo- late; scutellum polished, not margined; mesopleurum partly and all ART. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 31 of metapleurum more or less distinctly obliquely striate, propodeum reticulate-rugose, striately so in middle posteriorly, apophyses thick, subtuberculate, apical carina otherwise entirely lacking, spiracles small oval; areolet somewhat shorter than high; nervulus antefur- cal; postnervulus broken above middle; nervellus distinctly inclivous, broken far below middle; legs slender, front tibia subinflated. Ab- domen broadly fusiform, finely opaque coriaceous, first tergite pol- ished, petiole broad, depressed, second tergite densely finely punc- tate; sheath less than half as long as abdomen, ovipositor stout, com- pressed, apex subsagittate. Black with very profuse white markings as follows: Head (ex- cept occiput, a median band on vertex and frons, apices of mandibles and clypeus, and sometimes the clypeal suture); antennal annulus centering on flagellar joint 7; propleura below; broad humeral mar- gins and collar of pronotum; two lines on mesoscutum ; scutellum and its basal carinae; postscutellum; tegulae; mesopleurum and sternum except along sutures and impressions; both upper and lower divi- sions of metapleurum; a broad band on each side of propodeum from basal carina to apex and enclosing the apophyses; base and apex of first tergite and broad apices of others; wings hyaline; legs testaceous, front coxae and trochanters, middle coxae, dorsal spot on hind coxa, and hind tarsus except blackish apical joint whitish. Male——More slender than female, subpolished, the sculpture much weaker throughout; temples broader and more strongly convex; api- cal carina more or less distinct throughout and without apophyses; abdomen very narrowly fusiform. _ Clypeus entirely white; antennae without annulus; hind coxa white with a black stripe above; trochanter largely black; tibia fuscous with a paler dorsal streak, which sometimes encircles the tibia; tar- sus black at extreme base and apex, otherwise white; apex of third and entire fourth tergite reddish. The normal host for this species is apparently the egg-sacs of spiders, many of the specimens examined having been reared from the egg-sacs of Drassidae; but there are two specimens said to have been reared from lepidoptera, one from Laspeyresia molesta Busck and one from a case-bearer on smartweed. The type of orbus was from Indiana; that of diligens from Illi- nois; and that of annulicornis from Mississippi. The other speci- mens studied are as follows: Four females and two males, including the neotype of orbus and the homotype of diligens, Twining, Md., April, 1898, ex-egg-sacs of (Prosthesima) =Zelotes sp., A. Busck; two females and one male from the same or a similar host, without locality label but reared by Theodore Pergande probably from near Washington; one female, Glen Echo, Md., July, 1923, R. M. Fouts; 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 one male, Washington, D. C., 1917, parasite of Laspeyresia molesta, Quaintance No. 1345, E. R. Selkregg; one female, Chain Bridge, Va., June 14, S. A. Rohwer; one female, Dead Run, Va., September 29, 1912, H. L. Viereck; one male, Virginia, July 16, 1880, T. Per- gande; one female, Pyziton, Ala., H. H. Smith; one female, St. Catherine’s Island, Ga.; one male, Forbing, La., March 24, 1908, R. A. Cushman; one female, Dallas, Tex., April 17, 1906, W. W. Yothers; one female, Victoria, Tex., April 22, 1907, R. A. Cushman; one male, St. Louis, Mo., ex-case-bearer on smartweed, June 23, 1876 (Riley collection) ; and one female without data. DIAPETIMORPHA CINCTIVENTRIS, new name Mesostenus laticinotus Cresson, Can. Ent., vol. 10, 1878, p. 208, female (not Walker). Type.—No. 1181, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Mesostenus cressonit DALLA Torre, Cat. Hym., 1901, p. 589 (not Ashmead). Ashmead used the combination Mesostenus cressonii in 1900 for the preoccupied Mesostenus insularis (Cresson). Cresson never de- scribed a Mesostenine under the name insularis, and the only possible inference is that Ashmead misread Mesoleptus insularis Cresson as Mesostenus insularis. Mesoleptus insularis Cresson is certainly not a Mesostenine, but Ashmead’s use of the combination Mesostenus cressonii antedates that of Dalla Torre and renders a new name for the present species necessary. Discussion based on type and a specimen compared with the type by Cushman. Female.—Length, 9 mm. Distinct from orba, which it superticially resembles rather closely, by single median mesothoracic spot and by the following characters: Face densely punctate, cheeks and temples sparsely so; teeth of mandible equal; flagellum distinctly thickened and flattened below beyond middle and tapering toward apex, the basal joints hardly as slender; mesoscutum densely, finely punctate, opaque, mesopleurum densely, finely punctate, striate only in impressions; metapleurum more coarsely punctate, propodeum finely reticulate rugose without any striation apically, apophyses small, acute; front tibia not at all inflated. Abdomen narrower, especially the first tergite, the petiole slender cylindrical; second tergite impunctate. Clypeus entirely white, mesoscutum with a single median spot, first tergite white only at apex; hind coxa white, black below at base and at apex above; joints 1 and 4 of hind tarsus red, 2 and 3 white, 5 black. The type is from Louisiana and the United States National Mu- seum specimen from Easley, S. C., J. O. Pepper, collector. ART. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 33 ‘DIAPETIMORPHA RUFIGASTER, new species Female.—Length, 8 mm. Temples very strongly narrowed and nearly flat, subpolished ; cheeks subpolished convex, not swollen, lower end of occipital carina not at all sinuate or prominent; frons finely coriaceous; face very slightly narrower than frons, densely finely punctate, almost flat without distinct impressions; clypeus not strongly convex, without a reflexed margin, apex rounded; malar space two-thirds as long as basal width of mandible, teeth of mandible subequal; antennae as long as body; flagellum very slender, slightly thickened in middle, joint 1 longest, 2 slightly longer than 3, 4 two-thirds as long as 3, others successively gradually shorter. Thorax anteriorly and dor- sally shining, laterally and posteriorly opaque; pronotum striate in impressions, polished along margins; mesoscutum with fine, sepa- rated punctures, notauli fine anteriorly, soon becoming obsolete; scutellum polished, margined laterally in basal half; mesopleurum and sternum densely finely punctate, metapleurum somewhat more coarsely so, mesopleurum somewhat striate above, speculum polished ; propodeum with basal carina strong, apical weak but distinct, apophy- ses long, compressed, basal areas finely rugulose, middle areas reticulate rugose, apical areas transversely rugulose, spiracles small oval; cubitus obsolete beyond second recurrent; nervulus interstitial ; postnervulus broken above middle; nervellus reclivous, broken at middle, its upper abscissa perpendicular to cubitella; legs slender, front tibia not at all inflated. Abdomen only a little longer than head and thorax, subclavate; first tergite slender, polished, post- petiole gradually widening toward apex; second tergite twice as Jong as broad at base and nearly twice as wide at apex, this and fol- lowing tergites finely coriaceous; sheath as long as abdomen exclu- sive of first tergite; ovipositor slender, compressed, sagittate at apex. Head and thorax black and yellowish white, legs and abdomen largely red; orbits except narrow interruption on malar space, mid- dle of face, clypeus largely, incomplete annulus on flagellum center- ing on seventh joint, humeral margin and collar of pronotum, two lines on middle of mesoscutum and a small spot near each lateral margin, tegulae, subalar tubercle, a spot above speculum, a large spot covering lower part of mesopleurum and side of sternum and par- tially divided by sternaulus, scutellum, postscutellum, both upper and lower divisions of metapleurum, a small spot on each side of pro- podeum near base and a broad stripe on each side from basal carina to apex enclosing the apophyses, front coxae and trochanters, middle coxae, apex of first tergite and of seventh tergite yellowish white; 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 apices of second and third tergites indefinitely pale; antennae black, piceous at base; wings hyaline, veins brown, stigma stramineous. Ty pe-locality Potomac Creek, Va. Type.—Cat. No. 40587, U.S.N.M. One specimen, taken May 22, 1896. DIAPETIMORPHA CONFEDERATA, new species Related to rufigaster, from the above description of which it differs as follows: Female——Length, 10 mm. Joint 4 of flagellum little more than half as long as 3; thorax opaque throughout; mesoscutum finely coriaceous with some stria- tions along notauli and in posterior middle; scutellum margined nearly to apex; mesopleurum finely rugulose-punctate, metapleurum more coarsely so; venation as in rufigaster except that nervulus is slightly antefurcal and nervellus broken below middle; abdomen fusiform, postpetiole and base of second tergite broader, the latter less than twice as long as broad at base; ovipositor stout. Head and thorax anteriorly black and white, thorax below and posteriorly and propodeum, abdomen and legs red; head as in rufi- gaster except that face is not medially white; pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum, and postscutellum as in rufigaster except lateral spots on mesoscutum are lacking, prepectus black; mesopleurum, mesoscutum, upper division of metapleurum, and apophyses paler reddish or yel- lowish; abdomen as in rujfigaster with apical.tergites somewhat darker; legs entirely red, the front and middle coxae slightly paler; front wing with a pale cloud or band below stigma. Ty pe-locality—Dallas, Tex. Type.—Cat. No. 40588, U.S.N.M. Two females, the type captured October 20, 1906, by W. D. Pierce, and the paratype, in which the right hind leg and both antennae are missing, from Biscayne Bay, Fla., where it was probably taken by Annie T. Slosson. The red of the paratype is much darker than that of the type. DIAPETIMORPHA ALABAMA, new species In structure and sculpture very much like confederata, but thorax without black except along sutures of prothorax and mesonotum}; wings immaculate. May be a pale variety of confederata. Female.—Length, 6-8 mm.; type, 8 mm. Head and antennae black and white, the pattern as in rujigaster, scape pale reddish; thorax with same yellow pattern as confederata; legs and abdomen as in rufigaster; wings immaculate. Male—Smaller and more slender than female with sculpture largely erased; propodeum without apophyses, but apical carina ART, 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 35 very distinct; head white with only occiput and middle of vertex and frons and teeth of mandibles black; scape white, flagellum pale reddish, fuscous above toward base; thorax pale testaceous with the white pattern less distinct than in female, some of the markings usually absent; legs paler with most of front and middle legs and hind tarsus stramineous; tergites 2 and 3 blackish at base. Ty pe-locality—Pyziton, Clay County, Ala. Type—Cat. No. 40589, U.S.N.M. Five females and ten males, all but three collected by H. H. Smith at Pyziton, Coleta, and Langdale, Ala.; one male from Cabin John, Md., August 6, 1917, R. M. Fouts; one male, Chevy Chase, Md., H. H. Smith; one female, Rockaway Beach, Long Island, F. H. Chittenden. The New York specimen has the black of the head and thorax more extensive, the malar space and a line on each side of middle of face blackish red. DIAPETIMORPHA ACADIA, new species In spite of its small size and red color this is of all the species most closely related to the genotype in general form and structure and also in the strong color antigeny between the sexes. Female—Length, 7-8 mm.; type, 7.5 mm. Head very fuel and eae punctuate coriaceous, face densely finely punctate opaque; frons with a median carina; temples con- vexly sloping, not nearly perpendicular to body axis; cheeks convex, occipital carina not sinuate nor prominent below; eyes very slightly convergent below, not at all sinuate within; malar space nearly as long as basal width of mandible; teeth of mandibles subequal; an- tennae nearly as long as body, first three joints of flagellum long and slender, successively shorter, fourth a little more than half as long as third, others very gradually shorter. Thorax dorsally and ven- trally shining, finely and rather sparsely punctate, laterally con- fluently punctate; pronotum striate in impression; notauli shortly distinct; scutellum margined only at base, subpolished; propodeum bicarinate, the apophyses not high, basal areas shining, sparsely punctate, middle and apical areas reticulate rugose, spiracles small oval; areolet fully as long as high; cubitus obsolete beyond recurrent ; nervulus interstitial or nearly; nervellus reclivous, broken at about the middle; legs slender, front tibia not inflated. Abdomen fusi- form, tergites 2 to 6 very broad and strongly folded, their spiracles very far from lateral margin; first tergite polished, postpetiole rather broad but merging gradually into the petiole; tergites 2-6 opaque coriaceous, apical tergites polished; sheath as long as abdomen ex- clusive of first tergite; ovipositor rather stout, compressed, sagittate at apex. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Ferruginous; mouthparts, scutellum, upper division of metaplen- rum and region around apophyses more or less distinctly paler; antennae with an incomplete white annulus centering on seventh flagellar joint, red basad of annulus, black beyond; front wing with an infumate band below stigma; legs testaceous, front ones paler; apex of postpetiole indefinitely paler; seventh tergite white above. Male—Sculpture less dense throughout; apical carina entirely without apophyses; abdomen narrow, spiracles close to margins of tergites; head black and white, orbits except interruption at vertex, face, clypeus, mouthparts and scape beneath white; antennae black with a whitish annulus centering on flagellar joint 11, joints grad- ually shorter from base, the fourth not abruptly shorter; thorax, especially laterally, and legs paler; wings hyaline; abdomen, except the stramineous petiole, ferruginous. Type-locality —Louisiana. Type.—Cat. No 40590, U.S.N.M. Nine females and eight males as follows: Four females and three males, including the type and allotype, from Louisiana (C. F. Baker collection) ; one female, Opelousas, La., G. R. Pilate; one female, Plano, Tex., October, 1907, E. S. Tucker; one male, Paris, Tex.; one male, Lolita, Tex., J. D. Mitchell; one female, Victoria, Tex., April 11, 1911, J. D. Mitchell; one female, San Antonio, Tex., May 4, 1905, W D. Pierce (Hunter No. 112); one male, Alamaba (C. F. Baker collection) ; one male, Lexington, Ky.; one female, Raleigh, N. C., April 10, 1927, C. S. Brimley; one male, Washington, D. C., July 14, 1915, W. A. Donnell. DIAPETIMORPHA INTROITA (Cresson) (new combination) Figs. 3f, 69 Mesostenus introitus Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 4, 1872, p. 162, male. Type.Cat. No. 1577, U.S.N.M. Mesostenus dejectus Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 163, female. Type—No. 1174, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (new synonymy). Cryptus armatus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 411, female, (not Lucas). Type—-Cat. No. 2026, U.S.N.M. (new synonymy). : Cryptus ashmeadii DALLA Torre, Cat. Hym., 1901-1902, p. 562 (new synonymy). Diapetimorpha armatus (Ashmead) VierecK, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, 1913, p. 565. In spite of the marked color antigeny between the sexes I have no doubt of the correctness of the above synonymy. Discussion based on the types of all names, a homotype (R. A. Cushman) of dejectus and three additional specimens of each sex Female.—Length, 10-12 mm. Head behind eyes shining and sparsely punctate, otherwise mi- nutely densely punctate opaque; temples convexly sloping, cheeks ART. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 37 convex, occipital carina not sinuate nor prominent below; eyes slightly convergent below; clypeus convex with a narrow reflexed margin; malar space nearly as long as basal width of mandible; mandibles with teeth subequal; antennae considerably shorter than body, first three flagellar joints elongate, first longest, 2 and 3 sub- equal, 4 a little more than half as long as 3. Thorax opaque, finely confluently punctate laterally, less densely so dorsally and ventrally ; notauli distinct about half way; pronotum in jmpressions and mes- opleurum above speculum striate; apophyses strong, apical carina obsolete; propodeum punctate before basal carina, reticulate rugose behind, spiracle short oval; areolet longer than high, recurrent far before middle, cubitus obsolete beyond recurrent; nervulus inter- stitial or nearly; postnervulus broken at or below middle; nervel- lus reclivous, upper abscissa perpendicular to cubitella, broken be- low middle; legs slender, front tibia not inflated. Abdomen except first segment opaque coriaceous; tergites 2-6 very broad and strongly folded with spiracles far from lateral margins; sheath barely half as long as abdomen; ovipositor stout, compressed, subsagittate at apex. Head and thorax black, clypeus, mandibles, collar, and scutellum more or less reddish, apophyses whitish; antennae piceous at base with an incomplete white annulus centering on flagellar joint 7. black beyond; wings uniformly infumate; legs and abdomen fer- ruginous, front legs paler, hind tarsus fuscous. Male—More sparsely punctate and shining; apical carino of pro- podeum more distinct but apophyses hardly developed; abdomen narrow with spiracles close to margin of tergites. Black with yellow markings as follows: Orbits except narrow interruptions above and below eyes; face, clypeus and mouth parts; mcomplete annulus centering on flagellar joint 11; collar, tergulae median spot on mesosternum, scutellum, postscutellum, four small or two large spots on mesoscutum, sometimes a small spot on mesopleurum below, upper division of metapleurum, propodeum beyond basal carina and usually more or less before; apices of all tergites and base of first; wings hyaline; legs testaceous, front legs largely and middle coxae yellow; hind coxae above yellow, trochanter at base, tibia at apex, and basal and apical joints of tarsus black, middle three joints of tarsus yellow. The types of all three names are from Texas as are also two of the additional females and one of the males. The other female and two males are from Louisiana, one of each sex having been collected at Opelousas by G. R. Pilate. 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Genus POLYAENUS Cresson Polyaenus Cresson, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1873, p. 570. Genotype. Polyaenus ectypus Cresson. A tropical genus represented in our fauna by a single species largely southern in its range but extending on the Atlantic seaboard as far north as Long Island and southern Connecticut. Closely related to Crypturopsis Ashmead, from which it is dis- tinguishable by the bicornute frons, the small convex scutellum, the longer and more spinelike apophyses, siltlike propodeal spiracles, and the closed areolet, which is, however, of the same form as that of Crypturopsis, antefurcal nervulus, the usually longer sheath, and the form of the ovipositor, which is stout, strongly compressed, deeper toward apex than at base and more swordlike than sagittate at apex. The two frontal horns are sometimes placed on a common base so that they form really a single double pointed horn; and the areolet varies considerably in relative length and breadth with the recurrent interstitial or more or less antefurcal. POLYAENUS SPINARIUS (Brullé) Figs. 1d, 3k, 61 Mesostenus spinarius BRuLLE, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., vol. 4, 1846, p. 227, female. Mesostenus albopictus Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 312 (not Smith), male. Mesostenus delawarensis DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., 1901-1902, p. 540. Polyaenus spinarius SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Gen. Ins., fasc. 75, 1908, p. 68. Mesostenus spinarius VIERECK in Smith: Insects of N. J., 1910, p. 630. Mesostenidea (Polyaenus) spinaria VirrEcK, Hym. Conn, (1916), 1917, p. 329. Polyaenus spinarius CUSHMAN, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1925, p. 391. Discussion based on Brullé’s description, type, and homotype (Cushman) of albopictus, and 9 females and 12 other males in the National collection. Female—Length, 11-15 mm. Head subpolished behind and along anterior orbits; frons medially obliquely striate, with a median carina, frontal horns small; face with a median rounded and sparsely punctate area, the impression on each side rugose; temples sharply sloping, nearly flat; cheeks broader than temples, convex, lower end of occipital carina sinuate and slightly prominent; eyes subparallel within; malar space three- fourths as long as basal width of mandible; antennae about three- fourths as long as body; flagellar joint 1 distinctly longer than 2, which is slightly longer than 3; 4 two-thirds as long as 3. Thorax shining, coarsely sculptured; pronotum rugose except along anterior margin, dorsal lateral margins swollen, epomia reaching nearly to dorsal margin; mesoscutum coarsely punctate, notauli complete, deep, ArT. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 39 foveolate; scutellum sparsely punctate; mesopleurum striate above, punctate below, speculum polished, sternum punctate, sternauli foveolate; metapleurum punctate, rugosely so below; propodeum basad of carina polished and sparsely punctate, middle area punctate medially, reticulate rugose laterally, apical slope transversely rugose with a narrow eee polished area, apophyses long; areolet longer than high, wider at apex than at nee recurrent interstitial or nearly; legs slender, front tibia slightly swollen; abdomen finely coriaceous, first tergite polished, with a prominent flange on lower margin at base of postpetiole; sheath as long as abdomen exclusive of first tergite. Black with whitish markings as follows: Orbits with narrow inter- ruptions behind top of eye and sometimes in malar space, middle of face and clypeus, mandibles basally, annulus centering about on the eighth flagellar joint, anterior and dorso-lateral margins of pro- notum, rounded median spot on mesoscutum sometimes flanked on either side by a narrow line; scutellar carinae and scutellum except in basal middle, postscutellum, and apical margins of their lateral areas; subalar tubercle, a large oblique mark on mesopleurum a branch of which runs forward on sternum; upper division of metapleurum and upper part of lower division; a broad mark on each side of apical slope of propodeum including the apophyses and extending forward narrowly to the basal carina; apices of all tergites except last; petiole reddish; wings hyaline, veins black, stigma brown; legs testaceous, front coxa and trochanter, middle ones largely, dorsal spot on hind coxa, and hind tarsus except apex yellow ; hind tibia yellow, testaceous at apex. Male—tLike female but malar space a little narrower; flagellar joints gradually successively shorter; apical carina of propodeum more or less distinct throughout, apophyses short, space covered by anterior extension of yellow spots in the form of strong welts; first tergite without prominent flange below; antennal annulus cen- tering about on joint 13 of flagellum; petiole and apical tergites largely yellow; front and middle legs yellow, only the femora red, the coxae sometimes black below at base; hind coxa black with a yel- low streak above and more or less piceous below, trochanter and base of femur piceous red; femur black with apex narrowly pale; tibia yellow, extreme base red, apex broadly black; tarsus yellow. The type was from Carolina and that of albopictus from Delaware, and the species has been recorded by Viereck from as far north as Stonington, Conn. The specimens in the United States National Museum are from Texas (Belfrage, Fouts); San Antonio, Tex., F. €. Pratt; Plano, Tex., E. S. Tucker; Calvert, Tex., F. C. Bishopp; Pyziton, Ala., H. H. Smith; Paradise Key, Fla., C. A. Mozier; Falls Church, Va., S. A. Rohwer; Difficult Run, Va., W. L. McAtee; 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 District of Columbia; Beltsville, Md., W. L. McAtee; Chesapeake Beach, Md., A. Busck; Heckton Mills, Pa., W. S. Fisher and A. B. Chamberlain; Ocean Grove, N. J.; and Long Island, N. Y. Genus MESOSTENUS Gravenhorst Mesostenus GRAVENHORST, Ichn. Eur., vol. 2, 1829, p. 750. Genotype.——M esostenus transfuga Gravenhorst. f Stenaraeus THomMson, Opuse. Ent.,.fase., 21, 1896, p. 2378. Genotype. Meso- stenus transfuga Gravenhorst. A group of slender, rather small species with clypeus convex with a narrow reflexed margin; eyes parallel within and not sinuate; malar space nearly or quite as long as basal width of mandible; oc- cipital carina neither sinuate nor prominent below; frons trans- versely swollen above with a median carina but without horns, the carina sometimes, especially in males, simulating a horn but this high up on frons; antennae slender; thorax elongate; scutellum moder- ately convex, immargined ; notauli distinct and usually completely de- fined; propodeum with both basal and apical carinae, the latter usually obliterated medially, without distinct apophyses, spiracles small oval; areolet long and narrow with recurrent shortly ante- furcal, rarely quadrate with recurrent interstitial, closed at apex; nervulus interstitial or antefurcal; postnervulus broken at or below the middle; nervellus broken far below middle, its upper abscissa perpendicular to cubitella; legs slender, front tibia not at all in- flated; hind trochanter with basal joint fully as long as apical; abdomen narrow, petiole gradually merging into postpetiole, suture between tergite and sternite frequently obsolete, sternite usually extending beyond spiracles; ovipositor sheath at most as long as abdomen. The five known North American species may be separated as follows: 1-"Pleura-and. propodeum: ‘red #224222 seen ee ee ee 2 Pleura and propodeum black or black and yellow____--------____------- 3 2. Apical carina in female very strong on angles; in male strong throughout, the propodeum roughly reticulate-rugose behind; ovipositor in profile broad at apex; hind tarsus in female paler than tibia, in male white except at extreme base and apex; antenna in male always with a distinct white FeWcg CHUN EW RSL km lg OB Sh ANG a AE iain he es thoracicus Cresson. Apical carina of propodeum in female not especially strong on angles, in male frequently interrupted in middle and not especially strong, the propodeum not reticulate-rugose behind; ovipositor in profile very narrow at apex; hind tarsus in female not paler than tibia, in male rarely with more than three middle joints white, frequently all black; antennae in male rarely WV LGEL CLUSELT Cee Wy LN Le) ea U TUE Ul cee eee ere eae cree gracilis Cresson. 3. Thorax profusely marked with yellow__-----____--_--___ leucopus Ashmead. Thorax-not profusely. marked! with! yellow. “22425. 233) eee ~ 4. Temples narrowed ; abdomen not black at apex__-___---_-~- promptus Cresson. Temples as broad as eyes or nearly ; abdomen broadly black at apex. melanurus, new species. ART. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 4] MESOSTENUS THORACICUS Cresson Fig. 3), 4b, 6f Mesostenus thoracicus Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 314, female, male-—PrRovANCHER, Nat. Can., vol. 7, 1875, p. 266; Nat. Can., vol. 11, 1879, p. 118, fig. 2h; Faune Ent. Can. Hym., 1883, p. 346, fig. 354.— VirrecK, Smith, Ins. of N. J., 1910, p. 630. Mesostenus erythrogaster ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 406, male. Type—Cat. No. 2017, U.S.N.M. (new synonymy). Mesostenidea (Mesostenidea) thoracica (Cresson) VirerEcK, Hym. Conn. (1916), 1917, p. 329. Within its range the most abundant Mesostenine. Discussion based on type and homotype (Cushman), the type of erythrogaster and many other specimens in the National Collection. Female—Length, 8-13 mm. Slender ; temples strongly, obliquely narrowed, nearly flat, polished and sparsely punctate; vertex and frons medially rugulose; eyes parallel, practically straight within; face medially somewhat ele- vated and densely punctate, orbits coriaceous and sparsely punctate ; clypeus strongly convex, with a narrow reflexed margin, shining and sparsely punctate; malar space two-thirds basal width of mandible; mandible stout, teeth subequal; basal joints of flagellum slender, suc- cessively slightly shorter, fourth three-fourths as long as third, others successively gradually shorter. Thorax nearly twice as long as deep and distinctly deeper than broad, densely punctate with some stria- tion in pronotal and mesopleural impressions, and scutellum polished and impunctate; notauli finely foveolate, meeting in a median impres- sion; propodeum more or less rugose on posterior face, apical carina broadly interrupted medially, high on angles. Abdomen less than a half longer than head and thorax, finely, coriaceous, postpetiole polished with scattered punctures, suture between tergite and sternite obsolete; second tergite much longer than broad at base rather densely punctate, third more finely and sparsely punctate; sheath nearly as long as abdomen; ovipositor in profile stout, deeper at apex than at base. Head black with orbits (usually interrupted behind top of eye), face medially (sometimes entirely), clypeus at base, mandibles partly, and an annulus centering on flagellar joint 8 whitish. Prothorax and dorsum of mesothorax and metathorax and sometimes the anterior portion of mesopleurum, sternum and propodeum black with whitish markings as follows: Collar and humeral margin of pronotum, tegu- Jae, subalar tubercles, median spot on mesoscutum, scutellum laterally and apically and its basal carinae, and postscutellum; thorax and propodeum otherwise ferruginous with upper part of prepectus and apical slope of propodeum sometimes paler; legs testaceous, front coxa and trochanter, spot on upper side of middle coxa, and hind 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 tarsi stramineous; wings hyaline, veins brown, stigma paler. Ab- domen ferruginous, apical tergites sometimes blackish. Male—Head thicker, temples less strongly sloping; antennae nearly as long as body, tapering toward apex; propodeum more coarsely rugose, apical carina complete and strong throughout, not more so at angles; abdomen very slender, second tergite jitees or more times as long as broad at base. Entire face and clypeus, mandibles except teeth, scape below whites : antennal annulus centering on flagellar joint 13, lower part of pro- pleura, mesosternum, more or less of lower pane of mesopleurum, a sutural spot below hind wing, and apex of metapleurum more or less distinctly white; front and middle coxae and trochanters largely or entirely and hind tarsus entirely white, hind coxa more or less white below, hind tibia fuscous to black at base and apex, as is rarely also base of basitarsus. Distributed throughout southeastern Canada and the eastern ee of the United States. The type is from Delaware and that of erythrogaster from Wis- consin. The specimens in the national collection are as follows: Canada—(C. F. Baker collection), two females. Massachusetts— (Baker collection), one male. Connecticut—East River, ex Acro- basis on hickory, C. R. Ely, one female, one male; Lyme, June 16, 1918, W. Middleton, one female. New York—one female; Ithaca, F. H. Chittenden, one female, one male; Oswego, June 1, 1896, one male. Pennsylvania—West Fairview, July 31, 1909, and July 22, 1911, W. S. Fisher, two females; Rockville, May 15, 1910, W. S. Fisher, one female; Camphill, August 18, 1910, W. S. Fisher, one female; Heckton Mills, June 22, 1910, W. S. Fisher, one female; _ Harrisburg, May 7, 1910, W. S. Fisher, one female; North Cumber- land, May 30, 1908, P. R. Myers, one female; Inglenook, June and September, W. S. Fisher, three females; June 20, 1909, P. R. Myers, one female; Highspire, W. S. Fisher, two females. Ohio—Wooster, October 15, 1896, one female; Bono, November 20, 1924, ex Pyrausta jutilalis, C. R. Neiswander, one male. Maryland—College Park, Oc- tober 8, 1924, R. M. Fouts, three females; Beltsville, May 24, 1917, W. L. McAtee, one female; Glen Echo, R. M. Fouts, one female, three males; Cabin John, R. M. Fouts, one female; Plummer Island, one male; W. Middleton, one female. District of Columbia—three females, one male. Virginia, one female; Chain Bridge, October 2, 1921, J. R. Malloch, one female; Pimmit Run, October 1, 1919, R. A. Cushman, one female; Difficult Run, October 28, 1917, W. L. Mc- Atee, one female; Great Falls, R. P. Currie, S. A. Rohwer, H. L. Viereck, three females; Falls Church, September 9, 1912, C. T. Greene, one female; July 8, 1913, W. Middleton, one female; Hern- | i | { ArT. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 43 don, August 21-28, 1912, ex Phlyctaenia extricalis, J. ¥. Strauss, four females, four males. Alabama—Pyziton, one female, one male, Langdale, one male, H. H. Smith. Louisiana—one female (Baker collection) ; Lake Charles, November 13, J. C. Crawford. Missouri— Kirkwood, ex Nephopteryx pergratiella, November 11, 1882, Mary E. Murtfeldt, one female. Arkansas—Bentonville, ex Mineola, June 21, Quaintance No. 20733, one male; July 18, one male, D. Isely. Texas—Dallas, May 23, 1906, F. C. Bishopp, one male. Kansas— Onaga, Crevecouer, one male; Lawrence, August 20, 1896. Hugo Kahl. Colorado—one male, determined by Cresson. MESOSTENUS GRACILIS Cresson _ Mesostenus gracilis Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 315, male. Type—No. 1180, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Nematopodius orbitalis ASHMEAD, Bull. Colo. Biol. Assn., vol. 1, 1890, p. 21, female. Type—Cat. No. 24081, U.S.N.M. (new synonymy). Mesostenus gracilis (Cresson) Vierreck, Smith: Insects of N. J., 1910, p. 630. Discussion based on type, that of orbitalis and 20 other males and 30 other females in the National collection. The type of orbitals is in very bad condition with abdomen and many of the appendages missing, but I have no doubt of the cor- rectness of the synonymy. Female—tLength 6-12 mm. Not at all like Vematopodius, to which genus Ashmead referred it, but a typical Mesostenus very closely allied to thoracicus Cresson, from which it differs as follows: More slender, the thorax hardly half as deep as long; temples distinctly convex; malar space nearly as long as basal width of mandible; mesopleural impressions not at all striate; apical carina of propodeum broadly interrupted medially, not high on angles, abdomen fully a half longer than head and thorax; second tergite fully twice as long as broad at base; sheath not or barely two-thirds as long as abdomen; ovipositor much more slender, especially at apex; orbits usually continuously white, rarely interrupted at top of eyes behind; mesoscutum frequently largely reddish, with only the notauli and sutures black; front and middle coxae at most partly white, rarely partly black; hind tarsus usually entirely red, rarely with joints 2-4 whitish. Male.—Differs from male of thoracicus as follows: Temples strongly convex; propodeum finely rugose behind, apical carina usually entire, but sometimes interrupted medially, not espe- cially higher on angles; antennae usually without annulus, rarely with a distinct annulus; hind tarsus with at most joints 2-4 white, frequently entirely black or blackish; hind coxa entirely red. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Generally distributed throughout the eastern half of the United States and extending in the South entirely across the continent and into Mexico. The type is from Virginia and that of orbitalis from — Colorado. The specimens in the National collection are as follows: Massachusetts—Milton, July 19, 1897, S. Henshaw, one male. Connecticut—one female. New York—lIthaca, F. H. Chittenden, one female, one male. Maryland—ex Dakruma coccidivora, two fe- males. District of Columbia—three females, one male. Virginia— Falls Church, July 31, 1918, W. Middleton, one female; Winchester, ex Huzophera semifuneralis, Quaintance No. 15403, April 23, 1919, E. B. Blakeslee, one female. Ohio—Spring Valley, September 13, 1896, one male. Illinois—Algonquin, two females, one male. Michigan—Agricultural College, two females. Wisconsin—Cran- moor, July 7, 1909, C. W. Hooker, one female. Mississippi— Biloxi, ex pupa Laetilia coccidivora, 8. M. Tracy, one male. Louisiana—Baton Rouge, May 27, 1898, one female. Texas—Dallas, April 26, 1907, W. W. Yothers, one female; April 6, 1909, F. C. Pratt, one female; May 11, 1908, A. K. Pettit, one female; Victoria, June 2, 1906, C. R. Jones, one female; Brownsville, May, 1921, J. C. Brid- well, one male; Devils River, ex Ozaméa, clarefacto, June 1925, A. P. Dodd, one male; Uvalde, ex Ozamia clarefacto, May, 1925, A. P. Dodd, two females; no locality, Belfrage, one female, one male. Kansas—Riley County, October, Marlatt, one female; Manhattan, one female. Arizona—one male. New Mexico—Roswell, April 15, Cockerell, one female; Las Cruces, May 5, one female; Mesilla, October 27-30, Cockerell, two miles. California—Saticoy, February 3, 1927, S. E. Flanders, one female. United States—no locality, two females, eight males. Mexico—one female from C. F. Baker collection. MESOSTENUS LEUCOPUS Ashmead Figs. le, 29-h Mesostenus leucopus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 406, male. Type.—Cat. No. 2018, U.S.N.M. Discussion based on type, two other males and five females, all in the United States National Museum. The female of this species has not been described previously. Female.—Length, 10-12 mm. > Temples very narrow but strongly convex, sparsely punctate, polished; vertex and frons above medially rugulose; anterior orbits finely coriaceous; face medially shining and densely punctate; clypeus more sparsely punctate, strongly convex, eyes parallel; malar space barely two-thirds basal width of mandible; antennae nearly as long — as body, slender, slightly thicker toward apex, basal three joints of ArT. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 45 flagellum successively gradually shorter, fourth to sixth each about three-fourths as long as its predecessor, others very gradually shorter. Thorax shining, punctate, the punctures mostly well separated; pronotal and mesopleural impressions striate; mesoscutum more densely punctuate, notauli very deep, complete, and strongly foveo- late; scutellum polished, practically impunctate; propodeum with apical carina complete and almost equally strong throughout, basal areas densely punctate, middle areas more coarsely punctate, apical face transversely rugose; legs very slender. Abdomen very narrowly fusiform, subpolished, very faintly coriaceous, first tergite slender throughout, postpetiole barely twice as wide as petiole, nearly twice ‘as long beyond spiracles as broad, suture between sternite and tergite obliterated; second tergite nearly or quite thrice as long as broad at base; sheath nearly as long as abdomen; ovipositor slender, slightly compressed, decurved, apex in profile slightly sinuate. Head and thorax black with white markings as follows: Broad orbital ring, broadly interrupted at top of eye and narrowly so be- low; center of face and clypeus; mandibles largely ; incomplete annu- lus centering on suture between flagellar joints 7 and 8; anterior and humeral margins of pronotum; median spot on mesoscutum; scutellum; tegulae; subalar tubercle; elongate mark on lower edge of mesopleurum; upper division of metapleurum and about upper half of lower division; and posterior face of propodeum except a broad median black stripe; wings clear hyaline, venation brown, stigma paler; legs testaceous, front coxa and trochanter largely whit- ish, hind tibia largely and tarsus yellowish; abdomen entirely pale ferruginous. Maie.—Like female except temples broader; face entirely white antenna without annulus; propodeum with middle areas very coarsely, somewhat longitudinally rugose dorsally, transversely so laterally, apical face coarsely reticulate rugose; thoracic markings slightly smaller; basal joint of hind trochanter and femur dorsally piceous, tibia largely black, more or less reddish below and near base, tarsus yellow with apical joint and base of first joint black; abdomen very slender, compressed, black with base and apex of first tergite and broad apices of all others ferruginous. The type is from Illinois, where it is said to have been reared by I’. M. Webster as a parasite of a sawfly found on wheat. The other specimens are as follows: Lawrence, Kans., July 13, 1896, Hugo Kahl, one female; Rosslyn, Va., H. H. Smith, one male; Maryland— Glen Echo, R. M. Fouts, one female; Baltimore, one female; District of Columbia, June 15, 1914, F. Knab; and one of each sex without labels. 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 MESOSTENUS PROMPTUS Cresson Mesostenus promptus Cresson, Can. Wnt., vol. 10, 1878, p. 209, male. Type— No. 1186, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Mesostenus americanus CrEssON, Can. Ent., vol. 10, 1878, p. 209, female. Type. No. 1170, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Exetastes brevipennis ProvANCHER, Nat. Can., vol. 11, 1879, p. 213; Faune Ent. Can., Hym., 1883, p. 386, female, male. Type—See discussion. Mesostenus promptus (Cresson) PRovANCHER, Faune Ent. Can., Hym., 1883, . 785. Faiegscnsaee americana (Cresson) VirREcK, Hym. Conn. (1916) 1917, p. 329. Mesostenus brevipennis ProvancueEr, Faune Ent. Can., Hym., 1883, p. 794 Mesostenus promptus (Cresson) ProvAncHer, Addit. Faune Can., Hym., 1889, p. 455, index. : Discussion based on types of promptus and americanus, notes on brevipennis by S. A. Rohwer, and three females and two males in the National Museum. There appears to be no reason for doubt that promptus and ameri- canus are the sexes of the same species, and S. A. Rohwer, who ex- amined the probable types of brevipennis, indicated in his notes that Provancher was correct in synonymizing his species with promptus. He writes that there are no specimens in the Provancher collection under the name brevipennis, but that the two under promptus appear to be properly identified. Female.—Length, 8-12 mm. Temples oblique, weakly convex, polished, sparsely and weakly punctate; frons and face medially densely punctate; eyes parallel within; malar space subequal to basal width of mandible; antennae distinctly shorter than body, flagellar joints successively gradually shorter from base. Thorax more than half as deep as long, dorsally polished and sparsely punctate, laterally more densely punctate and sometimes largely rugulosely so, ventrally more finely and sparsely punctate; notauli fine, complete; propodeum rugose punctate, basally sparsely punctate, apical carina broadly interrupted medially; wings rather short, areolet rather shorter and broader than usual with recurrent nearly interstitial, nervulus practically interstitial, ner- vellus with upper abscissa perpendicular to cubitella; abdomen slender, very finely coriaceous, first tergite polished, postpetiole longer beyond spiracles than broad, second tergite fully twice as long as broad at base; sheath nearly as long as abdomen; ovipositor slender, compressed, decurved, subsagittate at apex. Head and thorax black, abdomen ferruginous, immaculate except for a small incomplete annulus centering on flagellar joint 8 and sometimes minute white spots on frontal orbits and scutellar carinae; legs black, front and middle tibiae and tarsi and hind tarsus apically ART. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN A7 more or less reddish, hind femur varying from black to ferriginous, in the latter case the front and middle femora also largely ferru- ginous in front; wings uniformly infumate. Male—Differs from female principally as follows: Anterior orbits white, narrowly on frons, broadly on face, clypeus, and mandibles white; antennae immaculate; collar, humeral margin of pronotum, tegulae, subalar tubercle, scutellum and its basal carinae, underside of front and middle coxae and trochanters, and joints 2-4 of hind tarsus white; propodeum more coarsely sculptured, apical carina more nearly complete, interrupted only by a narrow median foveolate groove; abdomen narrower, subcompressed toward apex; wings longer, hyaline. The type of promptus is from Illinois, that of americanus from Maine, and that of brevipennis from Canada. The United States National Museum specimens are as follows: Ames, Iowa, August 13, 1925, one female; Pringle, S. D., July 15, 1924, one female; Col- orado, C. F. Baker collection, one female; and two males without labels. The Colorado specimen is a homotype (Cushman) of amerv- canus and one of the males has been compared by Cushman with the type of promptus. MESOSTENUS MELANURUS, new species Very distinct because of its broad temples, short, thick thorax, immaculate antennae, and polished abdomen. Female.——tLength, 7 mm. Temples nearly as broad as eyes, very strongly convex, distinctly punctate; frons and face punctate, more densely so medially; eyes parallel; malar space very nearly as long as basal width of mandible; antennae apparently nearly as long as body (extreme apices gone), first joint of flagellum about a third longer than second, others gradually, successively shorter. Thorax but little more than a half longer than deep, dorsally and ventrally polished and rather sparsely punctate, laterally opaque and finely, very densely, almost retic- ulate, punctate; propodeum very short, apical carina obsoletely inter- rupted medially, ascending much more closely than usual to basal carina, hardly more prominent at angles, basal areas polished and sparsely punctate, middle areas obliquely rugulose, apical area reticulate rugulose; areolet elongate, recurrent antefurcal; nervulus antefurcal; abdomen polished, almost impunctate, postpetiole much shorter beyond spiracles than broad, second tergite hardly a half longer than broad at base; sheath nearly as'long as abdomen; ovi- positor slender, slightly compressed, decurved, elongately subsagit- tate at apex. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 Black, postpetiole, second tergite and base of third dark fer- ruginous; antenna without annulus, legs black, more or less dis- tinctly reddish beyond femora; wings infumate, front wing darker. Ty pe-locality—Calgary, Alberta. Type.—Cat. No. 40591, U.S.N.M. One female captured May 12, 1923 by George Salt. Genus DEROCENTRUS Cushman Derocentrus CUSHMAN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 21, 1919, p. 1138. Genotype.— (Coleocentrus texanus Ashmead) =JMJesostenus macilentus Cresson. Very close allied to Mesostenus, but immediately separable by the very long apical joint of hind trochanter and in female by the very long ovipositor. The antennae in female and the legs are excessively slender ; the first tergite is straight; the second tergite is very nearly as long as the first and fully four times as long as broad at base, just behind which it is slightly constricted; the front tarsus is twice, and its basal joint nearly, as long as tibia; the apical joint of the hind trochanter is about twice as long as the basal joint and nearly half as long as the femur; the areolet is more elongate, the ovipositor is nearly or quite twice as long as the body. Otherwise agrees well with the foregoing description of Mesostenus. Only one species, having several synonyms, is thus far known. DEROCENTRUS MACILENTUS (Cresson) (new combination) Figs. 39, 4a, 61 Mesostenus longicaudis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 164, female. (Not Brullé). Jype—Cat. No. 1578, U.S.N.M. Mesostenus macilentus CRESSON, Can. Ent., vol. 10, 1878, p. 210, male. Type.— No. 1188, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Mesostenus gracilipes, Cresson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1878, p. 365, fe- male. J'ype—wNo. 1179, Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Coleocentrus texanus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 444, fe male. J'ype.—Probably Cat. No. 1578, U.S.N.M. Paratype.—Cat. No. 2105, U.S.N.M. Mesostenus macrurus DALLA TorRE, Cat. Hym., 1901-1902, p. 544. Nematopodius longicaudus (Cresson) ASHMEAD, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 206, female not male. Nematopodius exclamans Virreck, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., vol. 19, 1904, p. 318, female. Type—Kansas University. Nematopodius gracilipes (Cresson) Virreck, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., vol. 19, 1904, p. 318. ' Nematopodius longicaudus (Cresson) VirrecK, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., vol 19, 1904, p. 318. Nematopodius macilentus (Cresson) VIERECK, Trans. Kans Acad. Sci., vol. 19, 1904, p. 319. art. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSH MAN 49 Derocentrus texanus (Ashmead) CUSHMAN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 21, 1919, p. 114. Derocentrus gracilipes (Cresson) CusHMAN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 21, 1919, p. 114. In spite of the great difference in color between the sexes there seems to be no doubt that they belong to the same species. Discussion based on types of longicaudus, macilentus, tecanus (ap: parently the same specimen as type of longicaudus) and the para- type of texanus, a homotype (Gahan) of eaclamans, a homotype (Cushman) of macilentus, a specimen compared by Cushman with the type of gracilipes, and 20 other females and 23 other males. Female.—Length, 8-12 mm. Temples convexly receding; malar space nearly as long as basal width of mandible; flagellum very slender and of uniform thickness, first joint fully eight time as long as thick. Thorax twice as long as deep, sparsely punctate dorsally and ventrally, more densely so laterally; pronotum polished, practically unsculptured except a foveolate groove along posterior margin; notauli foveolate; pro- podeum opaque rugulose; nervellus broken not far below middle, reclivous, upper abscissa perpendicular to cubitella. Abdomen sub- polished, very faintly coriaceous; first tergite polished. Body and legs nearly uniformly ferruginous, ventrally and about the scutellum and postscutellum more or less stained with black; antennae ferruginous at base, black beyond with a small, incomplete annulus centering on flagullar joint 8; wings uniformly pale in- fumate. Male—Temples nearly as broad as eyes and more strongly con- vex than in female; malar space barely two-thirds basal width of mandible; fiagellum rather stout at base, tapering toward apex, first joint hardly four times as long as thick. Thorax more coarsely sculptured; lateral impression of pronotum strongly striated; ab- domen linear. Head and thorax black with whitish markings as follows: Orbits, except interruption at top of eye and usually in malar space; some- times middle of face and clypeus; mandibles; anterior and humeral margins of pronotum; spot in middle of mesoscutum; scutellum; subalar tubercle; usually an elongate mark or two spots on lower part of mesopleurum; upper division of metapleurum and about the dorsal half of lower division, and sides of apical face of propodeum broadly; antennae black, scape rarely reddish; legs testaceous, coxae usually more or less white, sometimes more or less black at base; basal joint of hind trochanter sometimes piceous; apex of tibia and first, fourth, and fifth tarsal joints sometimes more or less blackish, joints 2 and 3 largely white; wings paler than in female; abdomen fer- 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 74 ruginous, frequently more or less stained with black ventrally and apically. Except for the lack of black bands on the abdomen the male is very similar in color to Mesostenus leucopus Ashmead. The type of macilentus is from Louisiana, that of longicaudus from Texas, that of gracilipes from California, that of texanus from Texas (paratype from South Carolina), and that of ewclamans from Kansas. The additional specimens in the National collection are as follows: New Jersey—Bridgeton, July 16, 1924, L. A. Stearns, one female. Maryland—Dorchester County, October 2, two females; Marshall Hall, August 29, one male. District of Columbia—one female. Virginia—Falls Church, September 2, 1918, R. A. Cush- man, six males; Leesburg, September 26, 1918, G. W. Underhill, one female. Ohio—no locality, C. H. Kennedy, one female; Co- lumbus, July 21, 1920, A. E. Miller. Kansas—Riley County, May 22, F. Marlatt, one female. Colorado—no locality, C. F. Baker collection, one female, six males; Rocky Ford, April 16-24, 1921, reared but host not given, C. E. Mickel, one female, two males. Texas—Paris, October 7, 1904, A. A. Girault, one female; Chilli- cothe, August 17, 1909, T. D. Urbahns, two females; Cotulla, May 12, 1906, J. C. Crawford, one female, April 17, 1906, F. C. Pratt, one male; Victoria, April 6 and July 11-28, J. D. Mitchell, four females, two males; Corpus Christi, one male; Brownsville, July 6, one female. New Mexico—Las Cruces, T. D. A. Cockerell, three males. Genus POLYCYRTUS Spinola Polycyrtus Sprinota, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 9, 1840, p. 154. Genotype.— Polycyrtus histrio Spinola. Polycyrtimorpha VIEREcK, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, 1913, p. 383. Geno- type.—Polycyrtimorpha amoenus Viereck. The single character on which Viereck founded his Polyeyrtimor- pha (the occipital carina joining the hypostomal carina) is ap- parently not of generic value. At the point where the occipital ~ carina bends toward the hypostomal carina it varies greatly in height, increase in height being accompanied by reduction in strength toward the hypostomal carina sometimes to the point of virtual disappearance. Head broadly transverse, temples sharply receding; occipital carina frequently very high, frequently very prominently angled below and not reaching hypostomal carina, latter high and flangelike; eyes more or less convergent below; frons with a stout median horn; clypeus very strongly elevated, apically inflexed and with a narrow reflexed margin; malar space long; upper tooth of mandible more or less distinctly longer than lower tooth; antennae long, slender, in female art.16 - NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN on slightly thickened in middle, tapering and flattened below toward apex, in male of nearly uniform thickness except apical taper. Thorax long, distinctly compressed, polished, at most sparsely sculp- tured; humeral margins of pronotum swollen and angled by epomia; notauli complete, the mesoscutal lobes very high; scutellum narrow, immargined, its basal ridges very high and thick; propodeum with only one complete transverse carina, the basal, apical carina always wanting medially and usually represented only by very long apo- physes; spiracle large, oval; stigma very narrow, radius before mid- dle; areolet elongate, wider at apex than at base, recurrent at or near apex; postnervulus broken at or near middle; nervellus reclivous, its upper abscissa perpendicular to cubitella; legs slender. Abdomen slender, usually with long sparse hairs toward apex; first sternite fused with tergite and extending beyond spiracles, postpetiole only a little wider than petiole; sheath not or barely as long as abdomen; ovipositor compressed, sagittate at apex. ' This is a typically tropical genus containing only one North American species. POLYCYRTUS NEGLECTUS Cushman Figs. 1f, 3h, 6k Polycyrtus neglecitus CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 67, art. 23, 1926, p. 5, females, males. J'ype.—Cat. No. 27683, U.S.N.M. The original description of this species is so recent and so detailed that a full description here is unnecessary. A few points suggested by the above generic description may be added. The occipital carina is not especially prominent nor is it toothed or interruoted below; eyes very slightly convergent; upper tooth of mandible very slightly longer than lower; antennae about three-fourths as long as body. In addition to the 11 females and 16 males of the type series the National collection contains the following specimens: Maryland— Glen Echo, R. M. Fouts, one female, three males; Cabin John, June 23, 1917, R. M. Fouts, two females. Pennsylvania—Inglenook, June 20, 1909, P. R. Myers, one female; Marsh Run, York County, July 18, 1909, P. R. Myers, one male. Connecticut—Lyme, August 28, 1909, A. B. Champlain, two males. The Connecticut specimens extend the known range of the species about 200 miles farther to the north. Genus POLYCYRTIDEA Viereck Polycyrtidea VirREcK, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, 1918, p. 382. Genotype.— Polycyrtidea gracilis Viereck. If I interpret the very brief original description correctly Mesos- tenus pusillus Cresson and Agrypon flavopictus Ashmead, both from 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 the West Indies, belong here. The latter species, except in size, agrees rather closely with the description of the genotype, which is practically entirely of coloration. Temples convexly receding; frons very deeply concave, horn py- ramidal with a carina on each side and one below running from base to apex, the base broad; eyes slightly convergent; malar space sub- equal to basal width of mandible; clypeus elevated; occipital carina neither angulate nor interrupted below; upper tooth of mandible longer than lower; antennae in female about three-fourths as long as body, slender, slightly thickened beyond middle, not flattened below, tapering at apex, in male slender throughout. Thorax robust, much more than half as deep as long, compressed; humeral margins of pronotum subangularly tuberculate in front; notauli deep at least anteriorly; scutellum broader than long, strongly convex; propodeum with basal carina close to base and with more or less distinct traces of apophyses, sloping precipitously behind basal carina, spiracles small oval; stigma very narrow; areolet very small, open behind; discoidal cell pointed at base; nervulus antefurcal ; nervellus inclivous, broken near bottom or not broken; legs very slender, the hind femur slender subclavate, longer calcarium fully half as long as basitarsus. Abdomen slender; first sternite extending far beyond spiracles, com- pletely fused with tergite, postpetiole only slightly wider than petiole; second tergite fully as long as first, these two together comprising much more than half total length of abdomen; sheath not or barely as long as first tergite; ovipositor slender, compressed, elongate sagittate at apex. The genius is apparently wholly tropical in its range, the single species occurring within the borders of the United States, being known only from the extreme southern point of Texas. (MESOSTENUS) POLYCYRTIDEA PUSILLUS (Cresson) (new combination) (AGRYPON) POLYCYRTIDEA FLAVOPICTUS (Ashmead) (new combination) These two West Indian species are not known to occur on the continent and are included here only to record the generic transfers. POLYCYRTIDEA LIMITIS, new species Figs. 1g, 6m Female.—Length, 9 mm. Temples and vertex behind ocelli polished, frons medially rugu- lose; face, malar space, and clypeus basally opaque coriaceous, the face densely and clypeus sparsely punctuate; malar space fully as long as basal width of mandible. Thorax coarsely sculptured, pro- ArT. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 53 notum laterally rugose, mesoscutum and scutellum sparsely punc- tate, mesopleurum above longitudinally striate, below sparsely punc- tate, sternum and metapleurum densely punctate, speculum and lower angle of upper division of metapleurum polished and unsculp- tured; notauli complete; propodeum polished before basal carina Opaque reticulate regulose behind, apophyses represented by low rounded tubercles. Abdomen opaque, very finely coriaceous, first tergite polished, sheath distinctly shorter than first segment. Head ‘and thorax piceous black and yellow, the yellow more ex- tensive than the black, embracing the following: Head except middle of frons and vertex and occiput; under side of scape; an incomplete annulus on flagellar joints 6-11 (antennae otherwise black) ; all of pronotum except a narrow transverse band across middle; inner posterior edges of lateral lobes of mesoscutum and the outer anterior edges of middle lobe; scutellum, its basal carinae, and postscutellum ; tegulae and subalar tubercles; most of mesopleurum, sides of sternum, and both divisions of metapleurum; propodeum beyond basal carina except lateral anterior corners and a small median apical spot; prepectus and mesosternum reddish; legs testaceous; front and middle tibiae and tarsi stramineous; hind tarsus blackish at base and apex, first joint largely, second entirely, and third apically white; wings hyaline, venation blackish; abdomen ferruginous, base of petiole and second and third tergites except broad apical and lateral margins blackish. Type-locality Brownsville, Tex. Type—Cat. No. 40592, U.S.N.M. One specimen taken September 29, 1906, J. C. Crawford. ACERASTES, new genus ° Very closely related to Polycyrtidea Viereck and should, perhaps, be considered merely a subgenus of that genus. But the genotype and two apparently undescribed Neotropical species differ from the three species of Polycyrtidea in lacking the frontal horn and in hav- ing the areolet rather large, well defined, and pentagonal, though open behind, with the recurrent before the middle and the cubitus beyond the recurrent weak and bent sharply forward at recurrent and then sharply backward at the position of the second intercubitus. Genotype.—Mesosienus pertinax Cresson. Three specimens of one of the undescribed species referred to were reared from a spider egg-sac. Represented in the United States only by the genotype. 6 From a-xepaorys=without a horn, referring to the lack of a frontal horn, 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 ACERASTES PERTINAX (Cresson) (new combination) Figs. 3%, 5, 6n Mesostenus pertinax Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 163, female. Type—Cat. No. 1429, U.S.N.M. Discussion based on type and three other females, all in the Na- tional collection. Female.—Length, 5.5 mm. Head polished behind; frons with a weak median carina and very faintly coriaceous; face, clypeus and malar space opaque coriaceous, the face medially and clypeus basally minutely punctate; eyes slightly convergent below; malar space hardly as long as basal width of mandible; antennae very nearly as long as body, slender, barely thicker beyond middle. Thorax nearly twice as long as deep, prono- tum polished, foveolate along posterior margin; mesoscutum pol- ished, middle lobe sparsely punctate anteriorly and with a median groove posteriorly, notauli deep and complete; scutellum polished ; mesopleurum striate in impression, punctate below, speculum pol- ished, mesosternum finely punctate; metapleurum more coarsely punctate, upper division polished in lower angle; propodeum pol- ished before basal carina, finely reticulate rugose behind, apex trans- versely so, apophyses represented by small tubercles; nervellus re- clivous, upper abscissa perpendicular to cubitella; legs slender, but not so slender as in Polycyrtidea limitis, the hind femur not sub- clavate. Abdomen somewhat broader than in Polycyrtidea, very minutely coriaceous, except first tergite, which is polished, postpeti- ole at apex twice as broad as petiole; sheath little more than half as long as first tergite; ovipositor compressed, sagittate at apex. Head and thorax black and yellow, more yellow than black, with base of propodeum reddish piceous to ferruginous; yellow as fol- lows: Head, except occiput and middle of face and frons, under side of scape and first two or three flagellar joints, and a complete annulus on flagellar joints 6-9; anterior and humeral margins of pronotum, two elongate marks on disk of mesoscutum, scutellum and its basal carinae, postscutellum; subalar tubercle, speculum, and lower half of mesopleurum; sternum (sometimes reddish); both upper and lower divisions of metapleurum; and propodeum behind basal carina except in anterior angles and apical middle; wings hy- aline, venation brown; legs testaceous, front coxae and trochanters and sometimes the other coxae more or less stramineous; hind tarsus reddish or fuscous, usually with second and third joints more or less white; abdomen ferruginous, petiole somewhat paler. The type and one of the other specimens are from the Belfrage Texas collection; a third is from Plano, Tex., October, E. S. Tucker; and a fourth from Minatitlan, Mexico, February 1, 1892, Herbert Osborn. ART. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 55 The type has the propodeum basally red and the hind tarsus entirely red. Genus POLISTIPHAGA Cushman Polistiphaga CusHMAN, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1925, p. 891. Geno- type.—(Mesostenus arvalis Cresson) =Mesostenus fulvus Cresson It might be argued that this genus should be relegated to the Hemitelini because of the areolation of the propodeum and the open areolet, but the general appearance and structure indicate its affinity with the Cryptini. All of the basal and apical areas are defined, while the carinae separating the areas between the transverse carinae may or may not be present, in the latter case perhaps adventitiously due to the exaggeration of certain of the rugae lying in that region. The generic description is too recent and too detailed to require repetition here, but certain features not there mentioned may be added. Eyes slightly convergent below; frons with a median carina, but without a horn; notauli complete; areolet elongate, open, recurrent at or near position of second intercubitus; discoidal cell broad at base; nervulus antefurcal; nervellus inclivous, broken below middle; first abdominal segment decurved, sternite not or barely reaching spiracles, postpetiole abruptly widened and much wider than petiole ; abdomen rather broadly fusiform, coriaceous, impunctuate; sheath shorter than first segment; ovipositor compressed, sagittate at apex, The following two species occur in the restricted region. Both are parasitic in the nests of wasps of the genus Polistes: 4: Thorax and abdomen largely red_--________---__--_------- fulva (Cresson). Thorax and abdomen black and yellow___--------~------ zonata, new species. POLISTIPHAGA FULVA (Cresson) Fig. 60 Mesostenus? fulvus Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 316, male. Type.—No. 1178, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Mesostenus arvalis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 14, 1872, p. 163, female. Type—No. 1171, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Mesostenidea (Christolia) arvalis (Cresson) VierEcK, Hym. Conn. (1916) 1917, p. 329 and 330. Polistiphaga arvalis (Cresson) CUSHMAN, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1925, p. 391. Discussion based on types of both names, two paratypes of arvalis, a homotype (Cushman) of fulva, and 38 other females and 18 other males, all but the types in the National collection. Female.—Length, 5-9 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen opaque, finely coriaceous, the head and thorax with additional coarser sculpture, the abdomen without additional sculpture; frons medially rugulose; face finely punctate; 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 pronotal impressions striate; mesoscutum densely, finely punctate; mesopleurum, sternum and metalpleurum finely punctate, the pleura more or less striately so; basal areas of propodeum without coarse sculpture, middle areas longitudinally, apical areas transversely ru- gose; areolet rather large, the lumen several times broader than the thickness of the surrounding veins. Ferruginous; occiput and middle of vertex and frons more or less stained with black; head otherwise yellow; antennae black, scape pale below, a short white annulus centering on suture between flagellar joints 7 and 8; mesoscutum darker than rest of thorax; a band across middle of pronotum, notauli, and sutures on dorsum of thorax blackish; anterior and humeral margins of pronotum, scutellar carinae, tegulae, subalar tubercles, sternauli, sutures on sides of thorax, and apophyses yellowish; wings hyaline, venation brown, stigma pale; legs concolorous, hind tarsus with joints 24 yellow, 5 black; abdomen immaculate. Male.—Differs practically only sexually from female. A little more contrastingly colored, and with antennal annulus occupying flagellar joints 9-11. The type is from Illinois, the type series of arvalis from Texas. The other specimens in the National collection are as follows: On- tario—Toronto, three females, two males. New York—Long Island, one female. Illinois—Chicago, one female. Wisconsin—Milwaukee County, two males. Maryland—Glen Echo, R. M. Fouts, one male. Virginia—Near Stubblefield Falls, October 23, 1921, J. R. Malloch, one female; October 30, 1921, W. L. McAtee, one female. Charlottes- ville, July 10, 1922, A. M. Vance, one female. Arkansas—one female from collection of C. F. Baker. Texas—Belfrage collection, twelve females, four males; Dallas, September 26, 1905, A. J. Leister, seven females, four males, including the homotype; Rosser, ex nest of Polistes (Hunter No. 1123), September 25, 1905, C. R. Jones, five females, three males. Kansas—parasite of Polistes, 1872, C. V. Riley, three females, two males; Riley County, Marlatt, September, two females; Manhattan, August 23, 1920, R. C. Smith, one female (said to have been reared as a parasite of a noctuid larva on alfalfa). Cali- fornia—Huntington Beach, September 25, 1904, E. S. G. Titus, one male; Humboldt County, June 12, H. S. Barber, one female. POLISTIPHAGA ZONATA, new species Fig. 3m Very distinct from fulva in its black and yellow color as well as in certain features of structure. Female—Length 7 mm. Head finely coriaceous opaque, frons medially rugose, face very finely punctate, malar space very nearly as long as basal width of ABT. 16 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 57 mandible; occipital and hypostomal carinae meeting very close to ventral articulation of mandible. Thorax finely opaque coriaceous, depressions of pronotum and upper part of mesopleurum, striate; middle and posterior areas of propodeum weakly rugose, the petiolar areas subpolished; thorax otherwise at most sparsely punctate; areo- let very small, the lumen hardly as broad as thickness of the sur- rounding veins. Abdomen finely coriaceous, opaque. Black with profuse yellow markings as follows: Orbits, nearly meeting behind ocelli, face, mouth parts, under side of scape, and an- nulus occupying flagellar joints 6-11; anterior and humeral margins of pronotum, propleura, lateral margins of prescutum and inner mar- gins of lateral lobes of mesoscutum, scutellum, postscutellum, tegulae, mesopleurum except impressions, prepectus, sternum, both upper and lower divisions of metapleurum largely, propodeum behind basal carina except middle of petiolar area and narrow marks along lateral margins; and broad apical and lateral margins of tergites; wings hyline, veins brown, stigma pale; legs pale testaceous, coxae and trochanters paler above, hind coxa with a blackish streak above; hind tarsus with joints 2-4 white, 5 black. r Type-locality.—V ictoria, Tex. Host.—Polistes maculata. Type.—Cat. No. 40593, U.S.N.M. Five females in poor condition reared November 10, 1914, by J. D. Mitchell. SPECIES WRONGLY REFERRED TO MESOSTENINI The name in parentheses is that of the author of the species and the name following the parentheses is that of the authority for the transfer. The words “ Rohwer notes” indicate that the transfer is made on the basis of the examination of the type by S. A. Rohwer, or confirmed by his examination. - (Mesostenus) Phygadeuon albicovus (Provancher) Provancher. This transfer was made in “ Faune Ent. Can. Hym., 1883, p. 318..” (Mesostenus) Mesoleptus albifacies (Provancher) Davis, Rohwer notes. (Mesostenus) Cratichneumon annulatus (Provancher) Roman. (Mesostenus apicalis Provancher) =Amblyteles finitimus (Cres- son). New combination. (Mesostenus longicornis Provancher) =Mesoleptus moyeni (Pro- vancher, teste Provancher, Davis and Rohwer notes. (Mesostenus) Phygadeuon flavipes (Provancher) Davis, Rohwer notes. (Mesostenus) Tryphonini latigaster (Provancher), Rohwer notes. (Mesostenus) Pezoporus nigricornis (Provancher), new combina- tion, Rohwer notes. 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 (Mesostenus nitidus Provancher)=Pezoporus nitidulus (Pro- — vancher), new combination. [ (Afesostenus) Phytodietus nobilis (Provancher) Davis]=Phy- todietus distinctus (Cresson), teste Rohwer. (Mesostenus pallipes Provancher) = (Mesoleptus) Thysiotorus tre- angularis (Cresson), new combination. (Mesostenus pluricinctus Provancher) =Diacritus muliebris (Cres- son), teste Cushman. (Mesostenus ruficornis Provancher)=Pezoporus nitidulus (Pro- vancher), teste Provancher. Mesostenus ruficoxus Provancher. After its original description? this species is not again mentioned by Provancher, and neither Davis nor Rohwer was able to find the type. The large areolet would exclude it from Mesostenus. (Mesostenus rufipes Provancher) =Diacritus muliebus (Cresson), teste Cushman. Mesostenus rufotinctus Provancher. The remarks above concern- ing ruficowus apply also to this species. (Mesostenus) Panargyrops sericeus (Provancher) Cushman. (Mesostenus tarsatus Provancher) = (Cryptus americanus Cresson, teste Provancher)=Cryptus vinctus (Say), teste Cushman and Gahan. (Nematopodius) Gambrus canadensis (Provancher), new combina- tion. (Nematopodius coxatus Provancher) = (Cryptus americanus Cres- son, teste Provancher) =Cryptus vinctus (Say), teste Cushman and Gahan. 7 Nat. Can., vol. 7, 1875, p. 266. NEW FRESH-WATER AND MARINE BIVALVE SHELLS FROM BRAZIL AND URUGUAY By Wixu14m B. Marsuary Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, United States National Museum The Brazilian pearly fresh-water mussel described in this paper came from Arcas, Minas Geraes, Brazil, and was presented by Mr. Ralph W. Jackson, of Cambridge, Md. The other four came from Canada Grande, Department of Cerro Largo, Uruguay. These and the three marine shells, which came from the southeast coast of Uru- guay, were presented by Dr. F. Felippone, of Montevideo, Uruguay. DIPLODON JACKSONI, new species Plate 4, figures 1-3 Shell moderately thick, especially in the anterior portion; nearly elliptic, slightly oblique, regularly rounded in front, more sharply rounded at the rear. Dorsal margin gently arched; ventral margin slightly sloping downward from front to back; posterior margin fusing imperceptibly into the dorsal margin. Surface of the shell with an obscure depression running from the beak to a point just back of the middle of the ventral margin. Beaks set far forward; anterior area small and rapidly descending from the ridge to the anterior margin. Posterior area large; the posterior ridge low and rounded. Sculpture consisting of weak concentric striae, with the rest periods more plainly marked. Color greenish with a metallic luster, especially when the shell is wet. Interior bluish and livid, with but little iridescence. Anterior adductor scars deep and the pedal muscle scars deeply punched; posterior scars superficial. In the right valve there is one long, slightly curved lateral tooth, its summit granulated; and two pseudocardinal teeth set parallel to the anterior dorsal margin, the upper tooth small and platelike, the lower one thicker and fluted on its surface. Left valve with two lateral teeth, and one pseudocardinal nearly divided into two parts by an oblique pit. Pallial line well marked. Beaks with about 20 radiating No. 2762.—PROcCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 74, ART. 17 5928—28 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 ridges, those in front of the middle weaker than those in the rear. The middle pairs at each stage of growth fuse into a point, each pair “nesting ” into the succeeding pair like V in V. The early shell has numerous concentric threads which are more prominent in the spaces between the ridges than on the summits. On the posterior dorsal area of the young shell there are several obscure flutings running from the hindmost radial rib to the dorsal margin. The type (Cat. No. 368260, U.S.N.M.) measures: Length, 49 mm.; height, 28 mm.; diameter, 16 mm. A paratype (Cat. No. 368261, U.S.N.M) measures: Length, 47 mm.; height, 24.5 mm.; diameter, 15 mm. They were presented by Mr. Ralph W. Jackson, of Cam- bridge, Md., and come from Arcas, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. This locality is on a small tributary, near the source of the Rio Sao Francisco, which flows in a general northeasterly course and enters the Atlantic at about 11° south latitude. Both specimens are unusually well preserved and have the beak sculpture in nearly perfect condition. The species is closely related to Diplodon santa- mariae Simpson, but is less quadrate, has the ventral margin more oblique, and has the undulations of the beaks finer, closer, and cover- ing only about half as much area. The color of D. santamariae is rich chestnut brown, while D. jacksoni is greenish with metallic luster. Evidently it is related to and groups with D). wagnerianus Simpson (+ ellipticus Wagner), a species occurring in the Rio Sao Francisco. DIPLODON PILSBRYI, new species Plate 1. figures 1 and 3. Plate 3, figure 2 Shell rather inflated, oval in outline, rounded in front, obtusely pointed at the rear, rather thin for its size and genus. Dorsal line arcuate, fading into the posterior margin without a pronounced angle, joining the anterior margin at nearly a right angle. Ventral margin curved throughout its whole length, broadly rounding into the anterior margin and making a rounded point with the posterior margin. Beaks at about the anterior quarter of the length. Pos- terior ridge high and rounded and descending gradually to the posterior margin. Descent at the anterior end steep. Sculpture of numerous, concentric lines of growth, the posterior area with two obscure radiating riblets. Rest periods about five, indistinct. Color uniform dark chestnut. Left valve with one pseudocardinal tooth vyhich is long, compressed, and rather low. Right valve with two long, low, compressed pseudocardinals, the groove between them nar- row and shallow. Left valve with two low lateral teeth of nearly equal size, beginning a little remotely from the beak. Right valve with one rather high, thin lateral, its upper margin crenulated. Anterior adductor scars deep, posterior ones well impressed. Beak cavities ART. 17 SHELLS FROM BRAZIL AND URUGUAY—MARSHALL 3 with a row of muscle scars deeply punched. Nacre faded and diseased, evidently white when normal. Pallial line well marked, located about 10 mm. above the ventral margin. The type (Cat. No. 368237, U.S.N.M.) measures: Length, 97 mm. ; height, 53 mm.; diameter, 30 mm. It comes from Canada Grande, Department of Cerro Largo, Uruguay, and was presented by Dr. Florentino Felippone. This species will for the present stand by itself, as it shows but little relationship to any species hitherto described. The beaks are deeply eroded and but little may be said of their characters. The right beak gives indications that its sculpture consisted of five or six very strong radiating ribs. In form the shell is very similar to many specimens of the common Anodonta cataracta Say of the eastern United States. If lying with a lot of that species it would pass as @ slight variation of it. The species is named in honor of Dr. H. A. Pilsbry. ANODGNTITES ELFA, new species Plate 4, figures 4-6 Shell rather small and thin, ovate-elliptic, narrow and rounded in front, broad and obtusely pointed at the rear. Dorsal edge nearly straight, rounding into the anterior margin, and joining the posterior margin in a very obtuse angle. Beaks set about 16 mm. behind the anterior end, and 40 mm. in front of the posterior end. General surface of the shell rounding to the margins without making a dis- tinct ridge at either end. Descent to the posterior margin gradual; to the anterior margin rather abrupt. Sculpture of concentric growth striae and several more distinct lines indicating rest periods, and hints of radiating ruffles. Periostracum smooth and glossy at the front and middle of the shell, posterior area much roughened by lamellae of fugacious periostracum. Color bipartite, rich dark chest- nut anteriorly. lighter chestnut posteriorly, the line of separation of the two tints running from the beak to the middle of the ventral margin. Interior much faded and chalky, but evidently greenish in color and with apparent radiating striae. Anterior adductor scars lightly impressed, posterior scars superficial. Prismatic mar- gin very broad near the anterior end of the ventral margin and here the interior is flattened instead of concave. Pallial line about 6.5 mm. above the ventral margin. The type (Cat. No. 368998, U.S.N.M.) measures: Length, 56 mm.; height, 32 mm.; diameter, 18 mm. It comes from Canada Grande, Department of Cerro Largo, Uruguay and was presented by Doctor Felippone. Cat. No. 368999, U.S.N.M., includes one right valve and one left valve, not mates, from the same locality. Cat. No. 335740, 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 74 U.S.N.M., includes a specimen from Rio Tacuari, Department of Cerro Largo, also from Doctor Felippone. Despite its greater length as compared with its height, this shell is closely related to the plentiful Anodontites patagonicus Lamarck (A. latomarginatus Lea). This relationship is indicated by the very broad prismatic border and the bipartite coloring of both spe- cies. The darker coloring covering the surface from the front to the middle probably indicates the depth to which the shell buries itself in the mud or sand. ANODONITES MANSFIELDI, new species Plate 2, figures 1-3 Shell moderately thick and inflated, subquadrate-elliptic, rounded at both ends, both the dorsal and ventral margin slightly arcuate. Beaks set well forward, about 15 mm. from the anterior end, 50 mm. from the posterior end. Shell rounding from the high middle to the anterior and posterior margins without distinct ridge at either end. Sculpture of well-marked concentric riblets indicating periods of rest in growth. Periostracum smooth and glossy. Color rich, red- dish-chestnut, with two radiating greenish rays on the posterior dorsal area. Interior livid and rose color, the latter color richer in the adductor scars and in the area between the pallial line and the margin. Prismatic border still darker, pallial line about 8 mm. from ventral margin. Anterior adductor scar well impressed, the. posterior one lightly impressed. The type (Cat. No. 368254, U.S.N.M.) measures: Length, 65 mm.; height, 37 mm.; diameter, 23 mm. It comes from Canada Grande, Department of Cerro Largo, Uruguay, and was presented by Doctor Felippone. In color, periostracum, interior features, especially color and in the width of the prismatic border, this shell is related to Anodontites wymant Lea. In form the relationship is not so evident, as Anodon- tites mansfieldi is subquadrate-elliptic, while Anodontites wymani is ovate, narrow in front, and rather sharply pointed at the rear. The species is named in honor of Dr. W. C. Mansfield, of the United States Geological Survey. MYCETOPODA FELIPPONEI, new species Plate 1, figure 2. Plate 3, figures 1 and 3 Shell elongate, oblique, very compressed, much narrowed in front, broad near the rear, and ending in a broadly rounded point at the posterior end, gaping from the point at which the dorsal margin joins the anterior margin to a point behind the middle of the ventral ‘ART. 17 SHELLS FROM BRAZIL AND URUGUAY—MARSHALL 5 margin. Dorsal line nearly straight, fading without an angle into the posterior margin, which in turn sharply rounds into the ventral margin. Ventral margin very lightly curved, sloping up to and grad- ually rounding into the anterior margin. Beaks set back about 20 mm. from the extreme anterior margin and 75 mm. in front of the extreme posterior point. Posterior ridge somewhat angular, but low, with the descent to the margins gradual. Anterior ridge rounded, set close to the anterior margin. Sculpture of poorly marked con- centric lines of growth and obscure radiating striae, with indications of a few radiating ruffles. Color nearly uniform light chestnut. Interior rich pink lavender. The type (Cat. No. 368235, U.S.N.M.) measures: Length, 95 mm.; height, 38 mm.; diameter, 20 mm. It comes from Canada Grande, Department of Cerro Largo, Uruguay, and was presented by Doctor Felippone. This species is closely related to Wycetopoda legumen von Martens and naturally groups with it, but is much narrower in front and more oblique. CORBULA URUGUAYENSIS, new species Plate 4, figures 7-9 Shell rather thick, subquadrate, rounded in front, shortly truncate at the rear, the left valve smaller than the right and closing into it slightly. Dorsal line angularly arched, ventral margin slightly curved, rounding regularly into the anterior margin, and making a sharp angle with the posterior margin, the left valve more nasute than the right valve. Anterior ridge rounded, posterior ridge sharply angled; posterior area in each valve flattened, biangulate on the margin. Sculpture of many flattened, nearly regular, concentric riblets and minor concentric striae. Left valve with a prominent overhanging Mya-like chondrophore just back of the tip of the beak, and a partly hooded, concave plate just in front of it to accommodate the cardinal tooth of the right valve. Right valve with a large lightly curved cardinal tooth and an obscure, shelflike chondrophore just back of it. Color creamy-white where periostracum has dis- appeared from most of the shell. In left valve periostracum remains on the posterior area and in a narrow strip along the ventral margin. It is brownish, is concentrically lamellate and scaly. The type (Cat. No. 368243, U.S.N.M.) measures: Length, 11 mm.; height, 7 mm.; diameter, 5 mm. It and four paratypes (Cat. No. 368244, U.S.N.M.) come from Cape Santa Maria, Department of Rocha, Uruguay, and were presented by Dr. Florentino Felippone. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 NUCULA FELIPPONEI, new species Plate 4, figures 10-12 Shell oblique, its dorsal margin sharply arched, its ventral margin regularly curved, anterior margin long and gently sloping; posterior margin very short, abruptly descending, making a prowlike point at its Junction with the ventral margin. Beaks far back, about 3 mm. in front of extreme posterior end, and 12 mm. to the rear of the extreme anterior end, curving backward, cordate, an elongated, deeply impressed, heart-shaped escutcheon below them. Anterior area flattened, anterior ridge well marked, but rounded. Sculpture of many obscure concentric strize of growth, the rest periods some- what emphasized. Periostracum very smooth and shining, paperlike, tending to peel off, its color light olive at the beaks, darker olive on the disk, becoming straw color near the margin. Chondrophore spoonlike, overhanging in each valve, pointing toward the postero- ventral margin, free from the posterior margin, but attached by a portion of its edge to the anterior margin. Interior white, pearly, appearing to be radially striated, the anterior margin with about 20 pearly teeth and the short posterior margin with 11. Margin not crenulated. Anterior adductor scar lightly impressed, the posterior one deep. The type (Cat. No. 368245, U.S.N.M.) measures: Length, 12 mm.; height, 12 mm.; diameter, 8 mm. It was taken from the stomach of a fish—a croaker—in South America called a Corbina, Micropogon undulatus Linnaeus, in the Rio de la Plata, Uruguay, and was pre- sented by Doctor Felippone. Cat. No. 368246, U.S.N.M. includes three paratypes. NUCULA URUGUAYENSIS, new spccies Plate 4, Figures 138-15 Shell very oblique, sharply rounded at the front, widely rounded at the rear. Dorsal margin angularly arched, posterior margin short, truncately sloping; anterior margin long, lightly arched, gently slop- ing. Beaks set far forward, almost directly above the posterior mar- gin; curving backward a distinct lunule below them. Escutcheon transversely fluted with curving, waving, somewhat interrupted granulose riblets. Anterior area with numerous flutings of the same nature, disposed to bifurcate at the anterior ridge. Anterior margins and margins of escutcheon obscurely scalloped, ventral margin in- ternally finely, closely crenulated. Sculpture of close, flat concentric strie, the grooves between them linear and clean-cut. Whole surface microscopically radiately striate. Interior white, pearly. Posterior teeth 7 in number, anterior 13. Chondrophore an elongate wedge- ART. 17 SHELLS FROM BRAZIL AND URUGUAY—MARSHALL - shaped groove in a plate extending from the base of the upper an- terior tooth to the base of the upper posterior one. Color white, due probably to the loss of the periostracum. The type (Cat. No. 368228, U.S.N.M.) consists of a single valve, and measures: Length, 5.5 mm.; height, 5.5 mm.; diameter if both valves were present would be about 2.75 mm. It comes from, the coast of Maldonado, Uruguay. Cat. No. 368229, U.S.N.M., includes five unmatched valves, paratypes. Cat. No. 368252, U.S.N.M., in- cludes three unmatched valves from Cape Santa Maria, Department of Rocha, Uruguay. Both localities are in the estuary of the Rio de la Plata. All the specimens were presented by Dr. Florentino Felippone. EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 1 Fig. 1. Diplodon pilsbryi, new species. 2. Mycetopoda felipponei, new species. 3. Diplodon pilsbryi, new species. PLATE 2 Figs. 1-3. Anodontites mansfieldi, new species. PLATE 3 Fig. 1. Mycetopoda felipponei, new species. 2. Diplodon pilsbryi, new species. 3. Mycetopoda felipponei, new species. PLATE 4 Figs. 1— 3. Diplodon jacksoni, new species. 4— 6. Anodontites elfa, new species. 7-— 9. Corbula uruguayensis, new species (enlarged). 10-12. Nucula felipponei, new species (enlarged). 13-15. Nucula uruguayensis, new species (enlarged). O U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 17, PL. 1 BIVALVE SHELLS FROM BRAZIL AND URUGUAY FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 7 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 17, PL. 2 3 BIVALVE SHELLS FROM BRAZIL AND URUGUAY ' FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 7 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 17, PL. 3 BIVALVE SHELLS FROM BRAZIL AND URUGUAY FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 7 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 17, PL. 4 BIVALVE SHELLS FROM BRAZIL AND URUGUAY FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 7 BATHMOPTERUS, A NEW FOSSIL GASTEROPOD GENUS FROM THE SILURIAN OF ALASKA By Epwin Kirk Of the United States Geological Survey In a recent paper published in these Proceedings! I briefly dis- cussed an upper Silurian horizon that is widely distributed in Alaska. In the present paper is described a new gasteropod genus from this horizon. BATHMOPTERUS, new genus This genus superficially resembles Huomphalopterus. This resem- blance is due to the general form of the shell and the possession of a broad marginal flange. Here the resemblance ceases, however. Bathmopterus has a well defined though nontypical slit band and is apparently referable to the Pleurotomaridae. or possibly the Kuomphalidae, rather than the Rhaphistomidae. The genus is Euomphaloid in general appearance. The spire is low and broadly spreading. Six closely appressed whorls are present in the figured specimen. The umbilicus is very large and open. The upper surface of the whorl is convex. Laterally the whorls are flat- tened, giving way again to a gently convex area on the under side of the whorl which marks the zone of contact with the succeeding whorl. The inner portion of the whorl is convex and drops off rather abruptly from the contact zone. The growth lines on the upper surface of the whorls are directed backward to the slit band. Below the band the growth lines are sharply flexed backward in the vicinity of the band. The lines are then carried outward on the broad flange or carina, where from a backward attitude they curve gradually until in the marginal area of the flange they are at right angles, or even directed shghtly for- ward. The growth lines on the under surface of the flange parallel those of the upper surface. The slit band is no more than a flattened area in which the growth lines abruptly change their direction. So far as seen, the band is not sharply delimited by marginal ridges, nor * Proceedings United States National Museum No. 2692, vol. 71, art. 20, pp. 1-9, 1927. No. 2763.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 74, ART. 18 6641—28 fi Zz PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 is there a marked change in the growth lines as they cross it. The band is situated above the middle of the whorl. Its lower edge marks the periphery of the whorl, and the band itself lies at an angle on the sloping upper surface of the whorl. The band is flat to slightly convex. As shown by the growth lines, the slit. band on the free margin lay at the apex of a deep, sharply angular V-shaped notch. The upper surface of the flange or carina has its inception somewhat below the middie of the whorl and at the base of the flattened lateral zone below the band. Its lower surface seems to be along the line of contact between adjacent whorls. The flange is thick in its inner portion, becoming thinner toward the margin, The flange lies in contact with the upper surface of the infrajacent whorl and in part seems to have coalesced with it. It is only by careful chipping away of this portion of the flange that the upper surface of the whor! can be seen. The flange does not drop down over the slit band but flares abruptly outward at its upper margin. Bathmopterus may readily be distinguished from E’womphalopterus by its wide umbilicus, its deep apertural notch and slit band, and the very different character of its marginal flange. There seems to be no other genus with which Bathmopterus may readily be confused, so long as the shell is preserved. In the Guelph of Ontario are gastropods commonly referred to Huomphalopterus. Such material as I have seen is in a very poor state of preservation and.can not well be determined with certainty. I think, however, that the Guelph material is not refer- able to Huomphalopterus, and if not referable to Bathmopterus, as seems equally probable, represents a new genus. Type.—Baihmopierus liratus, new species, is the type and only known species of the genus. So far as known the genus is restricted to the upper Silurian of Alaska. BATHMOPTERUS LIRATUS, new species Plate 1, Figs. 1-5 This species is founded on one excellent specimen and several fragmentary specimens. All the essential structural characters are weil shown by. the material available for study. The spire is low, the sides diverging at an angle of about 105°. Measurements give a height of 3 centimeters and a maximum breadth, exclusive of the flange, of 5.5 centimeters. The whorls are closely appressed. In the apical portion of the sheil the whorls over- lap the preceding whorls to about one-half their height. The fifth whorl is overlapped by the sixth to not more than one-sixth its height. In the intermediate zone there is a progressive change from ART. 18 A NEW FOSSIL GASTEROPOD FROM ALASKA—KIRK 3 one extreme to the other. The largest specimen seen has six whorls, and it is probable that this is near the maximum. The contours of the whorls are not easily seen owing to the super- imposed cover of the marginal flange. The description as given is based in part on cross-sections and in part on whorls from which the flange has been removed. The whorls range from subcircular to subovate in cross-section, the whorl being at times somewhat flat- tened in the plane of the proximal portion of the marginal flange. The whorls are closely appressed and overlap but slightly. ‘The inner upper margin of the whorl is somewhat flattened along the contact zone with the superjacent whorl. The upper surface of the whorl as far as the band is gently convex. From the lower margin of the band the side of the whorl is nearly perpendicular as far as the flange. Here there is at times a slight evagination of the whorl. Below the flange there is a flattened area marking the con- tact zone with the next succeeding whorl. The remainder of the whorl is as a rule evenly rounded. The band, as noted under the description of the genus, is non- typical, in that it does not have bounding carinae and the growth lines in crossing it maintain their relative size and spacing. The band is, however, quite as plainly marked as in some of the Pleuroto- maridae. The band is wide and lies obliquely on the upper sloping surface of the whorl. The lower margin of the band marks the periphery of the whorl. So far as the specimens available for study show there is no slit. The growth lines on the upper surface of the whorl are sharply flexed backward to the band, which they cross at right angles. Below the band the growth lines are again sharply flexed backward. On the flange the lines sweep outward in a long smooth curve, in the marginal portion of the flange apparently having a forward di- rection. On the lower surface of the flange the growth lines parallel the lines on the upper surface. On the whorl itself the lines hold the same direction, but at a less acute angle. As shown by the growth lines a deep V-shaped marginal notch was present, at the apex of which lay the band. The flange has its inception at about one-third the height of the whorl. At its base the flange is thick, tapering gradually to the outer margin. When followed by another whorl the flange lies di- rectly upon the infrajacent whorl and appears to have coalesced with it. The flange lies in close contact with the whorl below, as far as the upper margin of the band, from which point it is free. In the younger whorls the flange has no free extension, though this may be due to breaking off of the fragile margin during the life of the animal. In the later whorls it extends outward for a considerable distance. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 The free portion of the flange near the whorl slopes abruptly down- ward, then the flange flattens and gradually assumes an upward curve. In extreme cases the flange may turn backward and become partially inrolled. All the known specimens referable to this species come from the massive upper Silurian limestones of Willoughby Island, Glacier Bay, Southeastern Alaska. Collector, Edwin Kirk. Cotypes—The cotypes of Bathmopterus liratus are in the collec- tion of the United States National Museum, No. 72671. EXPLANATION OF PLATE Figs. 1-5. Bathmopterus liratus, new genus and species. 1. Vertical median section through an adult individual, 2-5. Various views of an adult individual. Upper Silurian limestone, Willoughby Island, Glacier Bay, Southeastern Alaska. O Dee PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 18, PL. 1 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Ne OT b 39Vd 33S 3lvid 4O NOILVNW1dx3 4¥O4 VXSVIV 4SO NVIYNTIS SHL WOY4 GOdOYLSVS TISSO4 MAN VW FURTHER STUDIES OF TYPES OF AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE VIENNA NATU- RAL HISTORY MUSEUM By J. M. Aupricu Associate Curator, Division of Insects, United States National Museum The work of classifying the American muscoid flies has been seri- ously retarded by the impossibility of recognizing many species from the original descriptions, which were written at a time when many important characters had not yet been discovered. For American workers there is the added obstacle that the type specimens are mostly in European museums. To overcome the difficulty as far as possible the authorities of the Vienna Natural History Museum have generously entrusted to the writer a series of eight shipments of type specimens for study and redescription. The present paper is a report on the latest shipment. The earlier ones were reported in four papers, of which the first three were in the Annals of the Entomological Society of America.! The fourth paper was published in the Proceedings of the United States National Museum;? it contains a list of all the species included in the first three. In the present paper the species are numbered consecutively with those already reported. Genus ZELIA Robineau-Desvoidy Zelia RoBINEAU-DEsvoipy, Myodaires, 1830, p. 314. Leptoda VAN peR WuLp, Tijdsch. vy. Ent., vol. 28, 1885, p. 196; Biologia, Dipt., vol, 2, 1891, p. 250.—Braurr and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 6, 1893, p. 183.—A.pricu, Annals Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 18, 1925, p. 123. Melaleuca VAN DER WULP, Biologia, Dipt., vol. 2, 1891, p. 247—Bravuer and Brr- GENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 6, 1893, p. 183.—ALprIcH, Annals Ent. Soe. Amer., vol. 18, 1925, p. 123. Euzelia TOWNSEND, Proce. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 28, 1915, p. 23. The genus Zelia originally included several species, of which Co- quillett * designated the first, rostrata Robineau-Desvoidy, as type, at the same time stating that it is a synonym of Dewia vertebrata Say. a ee ST * Vol. 17, 1924, pp. 209-218; vol. 18, 1925, pp. 107-150 and 456-469. 2 Vol. 72, art. 7, 1927, pp. 1-35. ® Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, 1910, p. 621. ea No. 2764.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 74, ArT. 19 6642—29——_1 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 The type of Leptoda is Dewxia gracilis Wiedemann, by designation of Van der Wulp, 1891; I examined the type of this species and found it to be identical with Dewia vertebrata Say. The type of Melaleuca is Melaleuca spectabilis Van der Wulp, the sole species; this appears to be the female of Dewia vertebrata Say, which has a considerably different appearance from the male. The type of Huzelia was originally designated as Zelia wildermuthi Walton, a species closely congeneric with vertebrata Say. The genus was established by the mere designation of a type species, without the mention of any characters. 111. ZELIA POTENS Wiedemann Dezia potens WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol 2, 1830, p. 368. Leptoda potens BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 406. Two males, “ Brasilien Coll. Winthem,” marked as types and agree- ing with description. These have a striking resemblance to the males of the well-known Zelia vertebrata Say, which occurs widely in the United States and as far south as Brazil. The differences may be briefly stated in place of a lengthy description. Potens is much larger, 16 and 18 mm.; the wings are strongly infuscated, especially along the veins; the legs are entirely black, the femora (one speci- men) yellowish-red on basal half. The second and third abdominal segments are elongated and mostly transparent, even more so than in vertebrata. The epistoma is more prominent and the third antennal joint a little more slender. The female of this species, judging by our northern form, must be very different in appearance, and I am of the opinion that it will turn out to be the species phaeoptera Wiedemann. The very different abdomen in the female would at first sight make this look improbable, but the thoracic pattern, wings, legs, and head agree remarkably well. Only careful collecting in the region where the species occurs can definitely settle this question. 112. ZELIA PHAEOPTERA Wiedemann Dexia phaeoptera WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 1830, p. 370. Leptoda phaeoptera BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 406 (gen. ref.). Two females, “ Brazilien, Coll. Winthem,” marked as types and agreeing with description; a third female agreeing, but not marked as type, is retained for the National Museum, as we did not have the species. It is labeled “ Natt. Bras.” They go well in the genus Zelia Robineau-Desvoidy, differing from the type, vertebrata Say, mainly in having the epistoma considerably more protuberant. Female.—Front 0.29 of head width at vertex, widening consider- ably on the upper part, more gradually below; parafrontal, para- ART. 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—-ALDRICH 3 facial and cheek with dense grayish-white pollen slightly tinged with yellow above. The parafrontals bare except for a few small hairs above, each a little wider than the dark brown middle stripe on the upper part. Frontal bristles only about six, reaching the base of antennae; two large proclinate orbitals and one reclinate above them not distinctly connected with the frontal row; ocellars large, pro- clinate and divergent. Front not prominent, the antennal axis only as long as the vibrissal; cheek nearly half the eye height, with a red- dish streak from the eye to the mouth, back of which are a few small black hairs. Vibrissae a little above the oral margin, with several] rather large bristles below them and a few small bristles immediately above; facial ridges bare. Antennae dark red, third joint narrow, about four times the second, with long-plumose arista; second joint with a long curved bristle over the arista; palpi yellow, of ordinary size, proboscis also ordinary. Back of head with rather sparse hair which is dark except close to the neck; parafacial almost equalling in width the entire clypeus. Thorax with dense grayish-yellow pollen and four black stripes, the two inner narrow in front. Scutellum black at base, the rest densely yellowish-gray pollinose. Chaetotaxy: Acrostichal 1 or 2, 2; dorsocentral 3, 4; humeral 3; posthumeral 2 or 3; presutural 1; notopleural 2; supraalar 3; intraalar 3 (the two an- terior small) ; postalar 2; scutellum with two pairs of laterals and one equally large apical, and one pair of discals. Sternopleural 2, 1; post-scutellum well developed, with yellow pollen. Calyters of ordinary size. Abdomen with the first three segments velvety brownish-black, the basal third or more of the second and third segments more shining and with a trace of thin, white pruinosity, not tessellated; fourth segment red, slightly blackish in the middle above, the sides densely yellowish pollinose to the venter, but the pollen does not include the posterior part where the bristles arise. First abdominal segment without median marginals, second with one pair, third with a marginal row, the middle two pairs stout, fourth with a marginal row somewhat smaller, no discals on any of the segments. Legs black, front tibia with one outer bristle, mid tibia with two on outer front side, two on outer hind side, and one flexor. Hind tibia with three on outer hind side, two on inner hind, one on outer front. Wing densely infuscated along the middle and costa, paler behind and in the larger cells. Fourth vein beyond the cross vein bent a little back toward the hind margin, the angle slightly acute, with a short but distinct appendage, thence with a little concavity to the margin distinctly before the apex. First vein bare, third with four or five bristles at base. Length, 11 and 13 mm. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T4 113. ZELIA ATRIFRONS Wiedemann Musca atrifrons WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 1830, p. 403. Leptoda atrifrons BRAUER and BrerGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 406.—ALpricH, Cat. N. A. Dipt., 1905, p. 505. The species was originally described from a single female specimen without Yocality. This specimen, labeled Leptoda atrifrons and agreeing with Wiedemann’s description, has been received for study. Brauer and Bergenstamm‘ assert that Bigot’s Tromodesia haemor- rhoidalis from Mexico® is a synonym of atrifrons, from the type. Bigot’s description is very brief and superficial, but the same type was redescribed by Van der Wulp;° the specimen was evidently a male, though taken for a female by Van der Wulp. Whatever this species may be, I am satisfied it can not be atrifrons Wiedemann. It was placed in Leptoda by Brauer and Bergenstamm." Female—Head at vertex 0.27 of head width, widening a little, then more slowly, toward the antennae, which are attached at about the level of the lowest fourth of the eye; the face flat and strongly receding, about half as long as the front. Vibrissae at oral margin; frontal stripe velvety, almost black, narrower than one parafrontal even at the upper end. Inner verticals large and reclinate; outer but little larger than the cilia behind the eye. Ocellars divaricate, hardly more than hairs. Frontals about 10, the lowest distinctly above the antennae, one upper reclinate and divergent at level of anterior ocellus, much nearer the eye than the remainder; the usual two pairs of orbitals present. The parafrontal and parafacial are broad, densely covered with smooth silvery white pollen, entirely bare except a few minute hairs close to vertex and one or two between the upper and lower orbital. Antennae yellow, as long as the face, the third joint less than twice the second, slightly swollen toward apex; second joint without unusual pile. Arista rather short- plumose almost to tip. Palpi yellow, of ordinary size; proboscis short; cheek one-third the eye height, with dark hairs on posterior part. Back of head fiat, the vibrissal axis about three-fourths the antennal. Thorax black with dense whitish pollen, stripes not very prominent. Sternopleural 2, 1; scutellum entirely black, with two lateral bristles, a rather large decussate apical pair and a small slop- ing discal pair. Calypters white, no infrasquamal spinules. Post- scutellum and hypopleural bristles well developed. Abdomen mostly shining dark reddish, the first segment black, the following two black along the middle of the dorsum almost to the tip of the third. Second and third segments with narrow sharply 41893, p. 183. 5 Annales Soe. Ent. France, 1889, p. 267. 6 Biologia, Dipt., vol. 2, 1891, p. 238. 71893, p. 138. sk. 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—ALDRICH 5 defined basal silvery crossbands widening on the venter where the first is also pollinose. Fourth segment entirely red in ground color without basal crossband, but showing considerable silvery pollen below precisely as described by Wiedemann. Legs, reddish-brown; front tibia with one outer bristle. Middle tibia with one on outer front side, two on outer hind side, and one flexor. Hind tibia with a series of four of increasing length on the outer hind side to the middle and several smaller in the same row, three on inner hind side, the last about the middle. Wings hyaline, bend of fourth vein nearly rectangular, the cross vein concave and ending a little before the tip, the apical cell rather widely open. Length, 7 mm. Not represented in the United States National Museum. In several characters this species resembles Metadexia tricolor Coquillett, but has the first vein bare. 114. ZELIA LIMBATA Wiedemann Dezia limbata WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 1830, p. 371. Leptoda limbata BRavER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 406 (gen. ref.). One female labeled as type and agreeing with Wiedemann’s descrip- tion, especially in the front, which is golden pollinose on the upper half, changing abruptly at the middle to cinereous. The locality is “ Brasilien.” The specimen is a Zelia and very similar to Zelia vertebrata Say, which is common enough in North America to be taken as a basis of comparison. In Uimbata the most striking difference is in the color of the front, already noted. Ocellars minute, proclinate, and widely divergent; antenne red, third joint four times the second. Arista with long, loose plumosity; scutellum with two laterals and a large apical decussate pair. Abdomen with wide median black stripe narrowly interrupted at base of segments, expanding behind to embrace the segment at its apical two-fifths, wider at sides; the pollinose area of second segment yellow in ground color; fourth segment red on apical third or more. No discals on any segment, a median marginal pair on second, a marginal row on third and fourth. Femora reddish on basal half or more; mid tibia with two bristles on outer front side. Wings subhyaline, but the veins broadly bordered with brown; bend of fourth vein rectangular with distinct, short appendage (probably not specific): third vein with a few hairs. Epistoma not more prominent than in vertebrata. Length, 11 mm. Not represented in the United States National Museum. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 115. ZELIA PLUMOSA Wiedemann Dexia plumosa WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 18380, p. 370.—MacqQuArt, Dipt. Exot., 3d Suppl., p. 2138 (sep. 53).—Breor, in Sagra’s Hist. ete., de V’Isle de Cuba, 1857, p. 815. Leptoda plumosa BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 102 (gen. ref.). One female, “ Brasilien, Coll. Winthem,” which has lost the anten- ne, palpi, and all of the legs except one front femur. Except as to sex it agrees with Wiedemann’s description, and also bears the small red tag of Wiedemann’s type material.- I do not doubt that this is one of the types. Pollen of head pale yellow, more silvery on cheek and parafacial, the yellow a little deeper on the middle of the front. Vertex slightly blackish. Width of front at vertex 0.29 of head width, the eyes diverging uniformly to their lowest curve. Frontal stripe dark brown, slightly narrower than the parafrontal, the usual orbital bristles present. Parafacial wide, bare, nearly as wide as the clypeus, which has a very low and indistinct carina above. Epistoma rather strongly projecting. Cheek with four or five bristles next to edge of mouth, above this almost entirely bare. Beard white except its anterior portion, which is black along the ridge extend- ing from the posterior orbit to the mouth. Proboscis small. Thorax gray pollinose, dorsum with four distinct black stripes in front, the inner narrow and extending a little behind the suture, where they disappear and are replaced by a median stripe, also narrow, extend- ing to the scutellum; the outer stripes are as usual interrupted at the suture and abbreviated before and behind. Acrostichal 2, 3; dorsocentral 3, 4; humeral 4; posthumeral 3; presutural 1; noto- pleural 2; supraalar 3; intraalar 3; postalar 2; sternopleural 2, 1; scutellum with 2 lateral, one large apical and one fairly large discal pair. Abdomen black with slight reddish tinge along the sides and more distinctly at apex. The pollen seems to have a rather characteristic pattern, as mentioned by Wiedemann. It is partially tessellated or changeable, and on the second segment there is a large triangle, rather opaque black in all directions, its apex just about reaching the front edge, the base reaching the tip of the segment, and extending narrowly toward the sides. The third segment is a little rubbed, but apparently had a similar triangle, and more broadly extended along the hind edge. The rather thin, almost silvery pollen of the re- mainder of the second and third segments becomes still thinner along the sides, more dense on the venter. First segment with only a lat- eral pair of bristles, second with a large median marginal pair and 8 Brauer, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 1, 1880, p. 105. art. 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—ALDRICH 7 one lateral pair; third with a marginal row of about 18 on the entire tergite, extending to the center underneath. The last segment with similar row, about 12; no discal bristles. Legs black. Wing rather dark brown on basal third or more and along the costa, the larger cells behind considerably lighter in the middle; fourth vein with rectangular bend, not at all rounded, thence rather evenly concave to the costa, considerably before the tip of the wing; third vein with four or five hairs at base. Length, 12 mm. Not represented in the United States National Museum. Genus TELOTHYRIA Van der Wulp Telothyria VAN DER WuLpP, Biologia, Dipt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 167—Bravukr and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 377; pt. 6, 1893, p. 1832.— TOWNSEND, Rev. Mus. Paul., vol. 15, 1926, p. 210. Therevops BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 378; pt. 6, 1898, p. 132.—TowNsEnNpD, Rev. Mus. Paulk,., vol. 15, 1926, p. 211. Originally included in 7'elothyria were 38 species, a very hetero- geneous group; Brauer and Bergenstamm designated cupreiventris Jan der Wulp as type in 1893. In the same place they designated Miltogramma brevipennis Schiner as the type of Therevops, which originally included this and cupreiventris. No characters for the separation of the two genera were given. A male of cupreiventris is in the National Museum from Porto Bello, Panama (Busck), determined by Townsend. This is clearly congeneric with brevi- pennis Schiner, noted below. In Townsend’s key (1926 above), the only difference given is that the posterior crossvein joins the fourth vein somewhat nearer the bend in 7elothyria. The opposite is the case, as I find in the specimens that in brevipennis it joins the fourth vein at two-thirds, in cupretventris at three-fifths, of the dis- tance from the small crossvein to the bend. The principal difference between the two species is that in brevipennis the mesonotum is coy- ered with the characteristic pale branched hairs, while in cuprei- ventris these are restricted to the pleurae, the dorsum having black hair and a rather dense glaucous pruinosity. 116. TELOTHYRIA BREVIPENNIS Schiner Miltogramma brevipennis ScuH1ner, Novara Reise, 1868, p. 324. Therevops brevipennis BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 378; pt. 6, 1893, p. 182. Schiner described brevipennis from a single male, which has been received for study. The label is “ Novara R. Brasilia,” and it is also labeled as type of brevipennis. It agrees with Schiner’s descrip- tion, but the third antennal joint is a little longer than his estimate. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Male.—Front 0.22 of head width at vertex, almost the same at base of antennae, thence widening quite rapidly. Cheek one-seventh of eye height, wider posteriorly as the edge of the oral cavity slopes upward toward epistoma. Vibrissae at oral margin, above the level of lower curve of eye. Vibrissal axis equal to antennal, the antennae attached above the level of eye middle, no ocellars; one pair of verticals; frontals about 13, rather small, extending to level of middle of second antennal joint. Antennae small, reaching hardly halfway to vibrissae, third joint twice the second. Arista subplumose on basal third, apical half or more bare. Pollen of head pale yellow (probably faded) parafacials white; hairs of parafrontal and cheek white, delicate. Antennae reddish, tip of third joint infuscated. Palpi slender, yellow, not abbreviated; proboscis small, — slender. Thorax black in ground color, pleurae with dense covering of white plumose hairs which replace the hypopleural bristles and extend upon the coxae; there are two stout black sternopleurals. Mesonotum covered with similar but shorter plumose hairs, the scutellum, however, has none except at the sides and there they ex- tend along the lower edge nearly to the tip. The black bristles of the mesonotum are conspicuous, as follows: Acrostichal 4, 4; dorso- central 3, 3; humeral 4; posthumeral 1 (and 1 at front edge, inter- humeral); presutural 1; supraalar 2; intraalar 2; notopleural 2 (2); scutellum with 2 large lateral, a very minute apical, the disk with coarse black hair. Calypters large, bare, nearly white. Abdomen brownish-yellow, the ground color quite uniform, the ~ segments covered with thin whitish pollen uniformly distributed; in some lights, a denser white crossband at base of second, third, and fourth segments; all the sternites wholly covered; lateral margins of second and third segments with one large bristle each, no others on second, third with a pair of very faintly developed marginals hardly larger than adjacent hairs; fourth with a marginal row (broken off). Genital segments minute, retracted. Legs brownish-black, in some lights a little paler; front pulvilli not enlarged; mid tibia with one bristle on outer front side, hind with fine, appressed ciliation on outer hind side and one large on outer front. Wings subhyaline, shorter than abdomen; fourth vein with rounded, oblique bend; thence barely concave, ending a little before apex; first posterior cell open; third vein with one distinct hair at base, first vein bare; the costal segment before the second vein equal to that beyond it; hind cross vein oblique, almost straight, join- ing fourth at two-thirds the distance from small cross vein to bend. Length, 10 mm. art. 19 « AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—ALDRICH 9 Not represented in the United States National Museum, although we have several specimens rather close to it. The group appears to be a difficult one, and the females probably differ from the males in some of the characters. Another male from the Vienna Museum, labeled “ Novara R. Brasilia,” the same as the type, but not mentioned by Schiner, is also labeled “ brevipennis ”; it has the same characters except that the antennae are wholly yellow, the scutellum has a mix- ture of pale and black hairs, the abdomen has an indistinct median dark stripe, its third segment has two pairs of large marginals (scars), the legs are decidedly yellow, and the middle tibia has two bristles on outer front side. Another male,“ Natt. Bras.,” agrees with the last, as do two more labeled simply “S. America.” All of these are labeled “ brevipennis,” but disagree with Schiner’s descrip- tion in having well-developed median marginals on the third segment, so there is no doubt as to which specimen is the type. 117. STOMATODEXIA COTHURNATA Wiedemann Stomozrys cothurnata WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 1830, p. 249. Stomatodezria cothurnata BrRavER and BEeRGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 4, 1889, Fig. 195; pt. 6, 1893, p. 1833.—VaN pER WULP, Biologia, Dipt., vol. 2, 1891, p. 289.—GieLto-Tos, Mem. R. Acad. Sci. Torino, ser. 2, vol. 45, 1895, p. 64. . Eight specimens, all males, were received, each of which is sep- arately labeled cothurnata. 'Two of these are labeled type and two more have old identifications. All of these four agree with the description and may be considered the original type series. They are from “ Brasilien.” The other four, although “ det. B. B.,” are quite different and belong to two species. The species is the geno- type of Stomatodevia. Male—F¥ront very narrow, only 0.09 of head width at vertex, con- tinuing in about the same width nearly to antennae; in profile the front becomes a little prominent at the antennae, which are at a level with the middle of the eye. Face in profile rather deeply concave a little below the middle. Vibrissal axis equal to antennal; cheek about one-fifth the eye height; parafacial very narrow, only one-third the width of third antennal joint. Ocellar bristles proclinate, parallel, of the same size as the frontals; vertical bristles hairlike. The whole head except the back is pale in ground color with light yellow pollen, more whitish on face; epistoma brown. Antennae pale yellow, the third joint slender, more than twice the second. Arista with longer plumosity than in most of the related forms, the longest hairs being about equal to the width of the third antennal joint. There are only two small black hairs below the vibrissae; even these are absent in one specimen. Proboscis slender, with minute erect setules, projecting forward from the epistoma 6642—29-——_2 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM > VOL. 74 to a distance equal to the vibrissal axis. Palpi a little elongated and slender, not clavate. Thorax yellow in ground color except the median part of the mesonotum. The best preserved specimen shows the following chaetotaxy: Acrostichal 1,0; dorsocentral 2,2; humeral 2; post- humeral 1; presutural 1; notopleural 2 (the posterior hairlike) : supraalar 2 (posterior hairlike) ; intraalar 2; postalar 1; scutellum with only two pairs of laterals, no apical or discal; sternopleural 2,1. Abdomen very slender, the first segment entirely yellow, the second with a lateral black spot on each side at the hind edge, and one above including the median marginal bristles; third and fourth segments narrowly bordered with black behind, in one specimen the dark markings extend forward on the middle of the dorsum of the second and third segments and there are three minute spots on the hind edge of the first segment. First abdominal segment with no median marginals, one pair of lateral marginals and two or three smaller bristles before the latter. Second segment with one pair lateral; third and fourth segments with a marginal row of about six. The genital segments are small, entirely yellow, the inner for- ceps yellow, combined into a minute, sharp point turned a little back- ward; the outer forceps are. also entirely yellow, considerably elongated, stout at base, the slender apex curving inward and back- ward. Legs yellow, the hind femora very slightly infuscated toward the tip, the hind tibiae more or less infuscated; the tarsi brown, front ones paler at base; all the tarsi are decidedly elongated, much longer than their tibiae. The front tibiae and tarsi measure 52 and 99 micrometer units respectively, the latter including 9 for pulvill. All the claws and pulvilli much elongated. Wings slightly brownish, long and narrow, the costa with un- usually coarse and rough looking hairs as far as the end of the first vein; fourth vein with a long, oblique curve at the bend, toward the tip a little concave, ending just before the apex; first posterior cell rather narrowly open, but its apex not abruptly narrowed. First vein bare, second with about three bristles at base. Calypters light brown, translucent. Length, 8-8.5 mm. A badly preserved male from Tabasco, Mexico, in the United States National Museum collection, was identified as cothurnata by Townsend. It agrees very well with the type as far as can be judged except that the costa has only the ordinary smooth setules. No females have been seen which could be definitely associated with cothurnata. One of the type males is retained by permission of the Vienna museum. ArT. 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—ALDRICH 1 118. STOMATODEXIA BIBENS Wiedemann Stomozrys bibens WiEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 1830, p, 249. Stomatoderia bibens BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 102 (gen. ref.). - One female, “ Brasilien, Coll. Winthem,” with small, red tag of Wiedemann type and so labeled. Wiedemann’s description deals with some characters which are not well preserved now, but there are no serious discrepancies and the specimen may be accepted as the type. It is of robust build like Hwmyobia flava Townsend (female type), Zrochiloleskia flava Townsend (female paratype), and Stom- atodexia similigena Van der Wulp (females determined by Bezzi). The males of none of these are in the collection, but they are prob- ably of more slender proportions. The location of the present species in Stomatodexia is provisional, as it has a shorter and stouter pro- boscis than that of cothwrnata Wiedeman, type of the genus, and is much unlike the slender males of that species in appearance. Female—Vertex 0.26 of head width, widening considerably in a short distance, the eyes then diverging gradually to their lower curvature. QOcellar bristles represented only by a cluster of hairs. Frontals extending to base of second antennal joint, the usual two orbitals present. Parafrontals and parafacials broad, the former considerably wider than the middle stripe, the latter about twice as wide as the third antennal joint. Cheek one-third of eye height. Epistoma strongly projecting so that the face is deeply concave in profile in its lower part. Vibrissae a little above the oral margin, the vibrissal axis of the head equal to the antennal axis. Proboscis from the elbow barely equal to head height; palpi about three-fifths as long, slender, with a rather striking black hair below at tip and several smaller toward the base. Antennae reddish-yellow, the third joint rather distinctly infuscated from about the middle. Arista with rather short plumosity, the longest hairs about two-thirds as long as the width of the third antennal joint. Beard very pale yel- low, only a single thin row of about six small black bristles along edge of mouth. Pollen of parafrontals, parafacials, and posterior orbit white with a slight tinge of yellow. ; Thorax yellow, except on the dorsum, which is considerably dam- aged; humeri and sides of dorsum yellow, as well as the scutelium. Sternopleural 2, 1; scutellum with two lateral pairs and one discal pair; no apicals. Calypters almost white, translucent. Abdomen reddish yellow, the first segment with a black spot under the tip of the scutellum, the second segment with a large, poorly defined, black triangle nearly reaching the front border, not quite connected on the hind edge with a lateral mark which runs down on the venter. Third segment damaged, but with considerably larger 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T4 black mark extending to the side and underneath along the hind edge, and barely reaching the front edge in a considerable width; fourth segment damaged but apparently black on the anterior half in the middle part. First segment without marginals, the second slightly abnormal but showing one marginal. The third with a row of six, fourth with a row of six or eight somewhat smaller; no discals. Legs yellow, with black tarsi which are considerably elongated for a female. Pulvilli small; middle tibia with one bristle on outer front side (a small second above it on one side). Wing of ordinary form, the fourth vein with an oblique curve, slightly concave near the tip, so that the first posterior cell is open a little before the apex and the third and fourth veins are almost paralle! where they reach the costa. First vein bare, second with about four bristles. Length, 9 mm. Not represented in the United States National Museum. 119. LESKIOPALPUS FAMELICUS Wiedemann Stomozys famelica WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 1880, p. 250. Stomatodexia famelica BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 102 (gen. ref.). One female, “ Brasilien, Coll. Winthem,” labeled as type and agreeing with Wiedemann’s description. Wiedemann indicates that he had several specimens, but this was apparently one of them. On account of the short proboscis I put it in Leskiopalpus instead of Stomatodewia, but it has longer palpi than any other species of the genus. One female in the United States National Museum from Cayuga, Guatemala (William Schaus), agrees with the type. Female—F¥ront 0.26 of head width, not widening perceptibly to the antennae, the face only a little wider. Vibrissal axis equal to antennal; cheek about one-fifth the eye height; parafacial as wide as third antennal joint, the usual orbital bristles present. Frontals reaching base of second antennal joint. Antennae red to the arista, the remainder black; third joint three times the second; arista short- plumose; proboscis from elbow less than head height; palpi long and clavate, just reaching tip of proboscis when the latter is retracted; no ocellar bristles; dorsum of thorax black, yellow along sides and scutellum yellow to base, the latter with only two pairs of lateral bristles, no apicals. Abdomen yellow, translucent, shining, with a black median tri- angle at apex of second segment, third with similar triangle and a black lateral spot; fourth with slight indistinct black markings at sides and around bases of bristles; second segment with one pair of median marginals; third with a marginal row of six; fourth with a submarginal row of about the same. Legs yellow. ART, 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—ALDRICH 13 Wing slightly infuscated; fourth vein with rounded and oblique bend, thence slightly concave, ending barely before the apex; third vein with two to four hairs at base, first vein bare. Calypters pale yellow. Length, 8 mm. 120. GENEA MACULIVENTRIS Rondani Genea maculiventris RONDANI, Nuovi An. Sci. Nat., Bologna, ser. 3, vol. 2, 1850, p. 172.—BraAvER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 6, 1893, p. 182.— AtpricH, Ent. News, vol. 25, 1924, p. 210. One male labeled Spathipalpus maculiventris, from Bahia. This is not a type, but agrees perfectly with Rondani’s excellent descrip- tion, quoted by me in the reference above. As there stated, I think Spathipalpus Rondani is an entirely different genus. The United States National Museum still contains only the single female of maculiventris that was mentioned by me. As compared with the Vienna male, the former has the palpi decidedly more clavate; in the latter they are of uniform diameter, very slender, projecting forward beyond the epistoma to a distance equal to fully three- fourths the vibrissal axis of the head; they reach almost to the middle of the exposed part of the proboscis when it is directed for- ward as in this specimen. The proboscis, except at base, is covered with minute erect hairs. The ocellars are minute, in the female spreading almost laterally, in the male somewhat more proclinate. The male has no orbitals, a point left a little in doubt by Rondani’s statement that there are two rows of frontals. He evidently included both sides. Length of male, 6.8 mm; of female, 7 mm; Rondani gives 7 mm. Genus CHOLOMYIA Bigot Cholomyia Bieor, Bull. Soe. Ent. France, 1884, p. 42—Van per Wutp, Biologia, Dipt., vol. 2, 1891, p. 246—Bravurr and BreRGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 375, note——ApAMs, in Williston’s Manual, 1908, p. 356. The type species is tnaequipes Bigot, new, equals Musca longipes Fabricius preoccupied. 121. CHOLOMYIA INAEQUIPES Bigot Musca longipes Fasrictus, Syst. Antl., 1805, p. 298 (preoe. Scopoli, Ent. Carn., 1763, p. 386). Dexia longipes WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 1880, p. 379. Cholomyia longipes JOHNSON, Psyche, vol. 19, 1912, p. 102—Brooxs, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. No. 1066, 1922, pp. 7, 11, 18, 16, rearing records. Choloymia inaequipes Brieor, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1884, p. 42—VaN DER Wu tp, Biologia, Dipt., vol. 2, 1891, p. 247, pl. 6, Fig. 12—TowNsgnp, Muscoid Flies, 1908, p. 66, rearing record.—JoHNsoNn, List Dipt. New Eng., 1925, p. 209. Thelairodes basalis GieLt10-Tos, Boll. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 8, No. 147, p. 3; Ditteri del Mess., pt. 3, 1894, p. 65. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 74 Four males received; two (Brazilien, Coll. Winthem) are identi- fied as longipes Wiedemann, one (Mexico, Bilimek) as inaequipes Bigot, and one (Brasilia, Alte Sammlung) unidentified. These all agree with each other and with Wiedemann’s description, though none are labeled type. They also agree with the description of in- aequipes except for the infuscation of the femora and tibiae and a slight discrepancy in Bigot’s description of the dark color of the third and fourth abdominal segments. Giglio-Tos’s description is of a female and agrees exactly with our only tropical female in the United States National Museum from Vera Cruz. Male—F¥ront at narrowest about as wide as the distance between the posterior ocelli, widening considerably and uniformly to the lower curve of the eye. Ocellars large, proclinate, not divergent. A small pair of post-ocellars directed forward; frontals beginning below the narrowest part, six or seven in number hardly reaching base of antennae. Parafrontal widening rapidly to the parafacial which is considerably wider than the third antenal joint and bears perceptible minute hairs, mostly dark. Face flat, without keel, slightly receding. The vibrissae considerably above the lower edge of the head, but not approximated; edge of the mouth with only two or three small black bristles; cheek more than one-third the eye height. Transverse impression brownish, rather large. Antennae entirely yellow, third joint rather slender, more than three times the second. Arista rather short, densely plumose to tip. Palpi yellow, of normal size; proboscis small. Thorax with pale yellow, almost silvery dense pollen to the suture when viewed directly from behind; this sometimes seems to extend to the scutellum, but in a rear view the portion behind the suture is dark brown. Scutellum black with thin brown pollen; pleura with a silvery stripe from the notopleural suture down across the sternopleura. Chaetotaxy: Acrostichal 2, 1; dorsocentral 2,3; humeral 2; posthumeral 1; presutural 1; notopleural 2; supraalar 1 (and a large hair just behind it); intraalar 1; posta- lar 2; sternopleural 1, 1; scutellum with two large marginal, a long apical decussate pair and a small discal; postscutellum well de- veloped. Posterior calypter quite large, almost transparent but with a slight brown tinge; infraquamal setules very distinct, about a dozen. Abdomen translucent yellow, the posterior third of the second segment with a dark shade; third segment black on about the pos- terior two-fifths which extends forward on the dorsum to the middle or more; fourth segment wholly black, with silvery pollen all the way round except at tip, but thinner on the dorsum; no discal bris- tles even on the fourth segment. First without marginals, second with a small pair, third with a row of four rather large, fourth with a row of six. ART. 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—ALDRICH 15 Legs yellow; middle and hind femora, and sometimes the front ones, infuscated on the apical third or more; middle and hind tibiae decidedly infuscated; all the tarsi black, the middle femora ap- proximately twice as long as the hind ones, longer than the entire head and body of the insect; their tibiae are only a little shorter and the tarsi are also much elongated, about equal to the femur. The length of the middle legs is subject to some variation. The front and hind legs are moderately elongated, with long tarsi. Front pulvilli much elongated, the others less so. Wings distinctly and rather evenly infuscated, the fourth vein with an oblique rounded bend, thence slightly concave, ending barely before the extreme tip of the wing. The apical cell rather narrowly open. The wing is considerably elongated and narrowed, but not so much so as in some related species. There is no costal spine; the third vein has several hairs at base, sometimes extending halfway to the cross vein. The first vein is distinctly hairy on the apical part, beginning where the auxiliary vein diverges from it; the basal por- tion frequently shows two or three scattered hairs, rarely more. Length, 7 mm. Female.—Body, legs, and wings all much shorter than in male, head rounder, the front 0.26 of head width; third antennal joint infuscated from near the base. Front legs entirely yellow, except tarsi; middle and hind femora with a trace of infuscation and their tibiae rather distinctly brown. Tarsi black. Wings as in the male, but shorter and broader. Abdomen yellow at base, the black oc- cupying all of the third and fourth segments and about half of the second, in the middle extending forward almost to the first. The second, third, and fourth segments with broad silvery crossbands at base. Length, 6 mm. The description of the male is drawn from the Brazilian specimens, that of the female from a specimen in the United States National Museum collected at San Rafael, Vera Cruz, by C. H. T. Townsend; the National Museum has three additional males from the Tropics, from Frontera, Tabasco (Townsend) ; Cayuga, Guatemala (Schaus and Barnes); and Higuito, San Mateo, Costa Rica (Pablo Schild). Our only tropical female is the one described above. The United States National Museum also contains specimens from the United States which are apparently of the same species. Four of these were reared at French Creek, W. Va., by F. E. Brooks, as parasites of the species of the weevil genus Balaninus. One is from Mound, La., reared in 1897 from Conotrachelus juglandis. Other specimens are from Washington, D. C.; Peaks of Otter, Va.; Lexing- ton, Ky.; Lawrence, Kans.; La Fayette, Ind.; and Dawson Camp, Salt River, Ariz. ; collectors being R. C. Shannon, J. M. Aldrich, Wil- 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 liam Palmer, and C. H. T. Townsend. In all, 23 specimens, of which only six are males. None of these northern specimens have hairs on the first vein except on the apical part, where they are very con- stant. The males have the femora and tibiae yellow in most cases, although sometimes with slight infuscation. Wishing to ascertain beyond question whether the variations observed could have any specific significance I asked C. W. Johnson to look over his tropical material. From his notes and a careful study of our material I believe we are safe in regarding the northern form as belonging to the same species. The color of the legs shows some variation, and among the tropical specimens there is considerable range in the hairs on the basal two-thirds of, the first vein which are entirely absent in some of the specimens. XANTHODEXIA Van der Wulp Xanthodexria VAN pER WULP, Biologia, Dipt., vol. 2, 1891, p. 256.—Braurr and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, pp. 372, 377; pt. 6, 1898, . 131. Pee BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifil. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, pp. 371, 376; pt. 6, 1893, p. 131.—TownssnpD, Ins. Ins. Menst., vol. 4, 1916, p. 7; Rev. Mus. Paul., vol. 15, 1927, p. 218. The type of Xanthodeaia is Tachina sericea Wiedemann, the only species so far referred to the genus. Méinthodexia originally con- tained two species, gravipes and flavicornis, both new, of which Townsend designated the former as type in 1916. I take the type to be the female of sericea Wiedemann. The characters are all discussed under the species. Brauer and Bergenstamm in 1893 erred in the statement that gravipes has a hairy first vein; it is favicornis which has it. 122. XANTHODEXIA SERICEA Wiedemann Tachina sericea WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 1830, p. 316. Xanthodexia sericea VAN DER WULP, Biologia, Dipt., vol. 2, 1891, p. 256, vl. 6, Fig. 11—BRAvER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 377. Minthodecia gravipes BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 376. The type of Zachina sericea Wiedemann is a male from Brazil. in poor condition, as Wiedemann said, on account of having been treated with a preserving fluid which has somewhat damaged the surface of the head and body as well as the wings. The type of gravipes is a female from Venezuela (Lindig, 1864). It is in excel- lent condition and the description will be drawn largely from this specimen. Besides the close correspondence between the two types there is a rather unique character in both, which has confirmed my belief that they belong to the same species. It is in the chaetotaxy of the abdomen. The second segment in gravipes has a large pair of ART. 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—ALDRICH 17 discal bristles located at the front edge and another pair equally large of marginals at the hind edge: the third segment has no dis- eals, a peculiar fact when they are so well developed on the second. In the type of sericea there are evident scars of the large discals on the front edge of the second segment and also a pair of marginals at the hind edge, the third segment having no scars of discals. Brauer and Bergenstamm as well as Van der Wulp were in error in overlooking the scars on the second segment. The principal dif- ference between the two specimens is in the parafrontals, which in the male are so broad that they reduce the frontal stripe to a mere groove in its narrowest part before the ocelli.. The female has broad and conspicuous parafrontals, but the frontal stripe still retains at the narrowest a width of nearly one-half of one parafrontal. Female—Front 0.31 of head width at the vertex, slightly wider at the antennae, the face becoming narrower again at the lower edge of the eyes. Frontal bristles about six, barely reaching the base of the antennae. Two proclinate orbitals, ocellars minute, diverging ‘forward. Parafrontals silvery except on the upper part, the same smooth shining surface extending down the parafacial and across the face. The transverse impression is very narrow, extending from the vibrissa backward under the eye. In profile the head is hemi- spherical; the eye occupies all but a narrow rim of this figure. Back of the head flat and the cheek only about one-tenth of the eye height. The lateral edge of the mouth is black in ground color, in a narrow triangle extending hardly to the vibrissa and bearing three bristles behind it which are at the oral margin; face flat, with bare ridges. Antennae yellow as far as arista, the remainder infus- cated; third joint more than twice the second, slender, but a little swollen at tip, the arista with delicate plumosity; palpi yellow, rather small; proboscis decidedly small but with large yellow labella. Lunule unusually prominent, yellow, contrasting with the dark _ brown frontal stripe Thorax black in ground color except the humeri, postalar calli, and the margin of the scutellum. Mesonotum covered with golden pollen, which is quite thin in the middle region, more distinct on the sides, front, and hind edges and scutellum. Pleurae silvery-pollinose from the notopleural suture on all but the posterior part. Chaetotaxy: Acrostichal 3, 3(?); dorsocentral 38, 3; humeral 2; posthumeral 1; intraalar 2; supraalar 2 (posterior small) ; postalar 2; presutural 1; notopleural 2; scutellum with two lateral pairs and a good-sized decussate apical pair, no discals; sternopleural 1, 1; postscutellum well developed. Calypters pale yellow, the hind ones large, with rim and fringe of same color. Abdomen shining yellow without pollen, the tip shining black including the last third of the third segment and all of the fourth 6642—29——_3 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 except a narrow front edge, the yellow color, however, continuing to the apex on the venter. Bristles of abdomen as described above, a single lateral on the first and second segments; one ventral pair on the first, second, and third segments arising from the margins of the tergite, which come entirely together; third segment with a marginal row of six or eight. Legs yellow, tibiae somewhat infuscated, tarsi black; front tibia with one outer bristle, middle tibia with one on outer front, one on inner -front, none on inner hind sides; hind tibia on the outer hind side with a row of small slanting bristles from base to middle, the last larger; also one small on outer front side and one very small on inner hind side before the middle. Wing broad, somewhat infuscated throughout alohg the veins and the apical part before the third vein more uniformly so; fourth vein with rounded bend, thence with very slight concavity, ending consid- erably before the apex; the first posterior cell open, hind cross vein almost straight, joining fourth vein at two-thirds of the distance from the small cross vein to the bend. First vein bare, third with coarse ~ hairs almost to the cross vein. No costal spine. Length, 8 mm. Male—tThe third antennal joint is entirely yellow, the thoracic chaetotaxy is considerably damaged, but agrees in large part, other- wise as in female. Not represented in the United States National Museum. 123. XANTHODEXIA FLAVICORNIS Brauer and Bergenstamm Minthoderia flavicoriis BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 376. Since the genotype of Minthodevia is identical with that of XYan- thodexia 1 place this species provisionally in the latter genus. The specimen is hardly in good enough condition to base a new genus upon and perhaps in spite of the hairy first vein it should be allowed to remain here. The type, which is a female from Venezuela (Lindig, 1864) has been quite badly broken and the third antennal joint is now gone. The head apparently has about the same shape as in the female of sericea, but the uppermost of the two orbitals is strongly reclinate (lower broken off) ; the ocellars are very minute and hair- like, proclinate. The scars show two verticals close together on each side, some distance in front of which there is one strong reclinate bristle, followed by one equally strong which is proclinate ; somewhat farther forward are two orbitals, the upper large and reclinate, the lower represented only by a scar; below these and closer to the middle are twe more frontals (scars) the lowest rather large and just on a level with the upper edge of the first antennal joint; the frontal stripe seems to blend with the parafrontals and is hairy to the center. ART. 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—-ALDRICH 19 The front is yellow pollinose above, silvery below, which color ex- tends down around the eye and across the face. The parafrontals are much narrower than in sevicea except below. Palpi and pro- boscis small and yellow. Thorax with cinereous pollen above; hu- meri yellow in ground color; pleurae with silvery pollen extending down the middle part. Thoracic chaetotaxy as in sericea, but the acrostichals are very small and the scutellum has a small pair of dis- cal bristles; the abdomen shining yellow to about the middle of the third segment, the remainder shining black except below; a very dis- tinct silvery pollinose crossband on the base of the third and fourth seoments; first segment without median marginals; second with one pair and one lateral; third and fourth each with marginal row of six; on the venter there is a marginal pair of bristles close together on the second and third segments, arising from the tergites, which in the specimen overlap considerably. Wing almost as in sericea, the infuscation a little more diffused ; third vein with distinct hairs extending far beyond the cross vein; first vein hairy from base to tip, no costal spine. Coxae and femora yellow (the front femora missing); middle tibia slightly infuscated, with two good-sized bristles on outer front side, two smaller on outer hind side, and one small on flexor surface; tarsi black; hind tibia more densely infuscated, with almost villous hairs on the flexor surface, four bristles of varying size on outer hind side; four on outer front side, only the last of which is of noticeable size. Length, 5.5 mm. Not represented in the United States National Museum. 124. CALLESTHES DILECTA Wiedemann Musca dilecta WrrepEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 1830, p. 419. ? Zosteromyia dilecta BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 406. One male indicated as type, “ Brasilien, Coll. Winthem.” Agrees with original description, but is in rather poor condition. All of the legs are gone but one (middle). The head is pressed in from below, which must have occurred when the specimen was fresh a century ago or more; this prevents a complete description of the head structures. The thorax has been damaged by the pin. Undoubtedly the type. I refer the species provisionally to my recently described genus Ca/les- thes® of which the type is Callesthes histrio Aldrich, from Ecuador, described in the same piace. Callesthes dilecta differs in having much narrower paratrontals, the wing distinctly brown, bend of fourth vein much more abrupt. The two species agree in the striking transverse band just before the suture, extending down to the sternopleurae, and 9 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 74, art. 1, p. 11. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 74 in having interrupted silvery basal crossbands on the abdominal seg- ments. The head structure is very similar and both have the first posterior cell ending in the apex of the wing. The following descrip- tion is as complete as can be made from the type; the species is cer- tainly recognizable from this on account of the striking thoracic crossband. Male——Hypopleurals and postscutellum well developed. Front at narrowest 0.07 of head width, or just about the width of ocellar triangle; the parafrontals are very narrow, so that the frontal stripe at its narrowest is wider than one of them. Eyes bare, the facets rather large in the region above the middle and toward the median line of the head. The front was apparently a little prominent, and the cheek was certainly rather broad, about one-third the eye height as nearly as can be estimated. Vibrissae well developed, at or near epistoma. Palpi of normal size, rather brown, proboscis short, fleshy. The orbit is white or probably silvery all the way round the eye; parafacial at least as wide as third antennal joint, apparently with a few minute black hairs in a single row. Antennae black, third joint one and one-half times the second, red at base; arista plumose, its base thickened. Frontal bristles beginning far before the ocelli and ending barely below the attachment of the antennae, perhaps even before it. The thorax shows very little on account of its damaged conditions, except the silvery crossband, which les against the suture, occupying over one-third of the space to the anterior edge of the mesonotum and at the sides expanding to hind edge of humeri; on the pleura it includes the posterior half of the mesopieura and a part of the sternopleura. Abdomen black; second and third segments with wide basal inter- rupted crossbands of white or perhaps silvery pollen; the median interruption is narrow at extreme base, widening posteriorly. First segment with a row of about 10 rather widely spaced slender mar- ginal bristles, second and third segments with scars of a similar row but perhaps stouter. No discals. Fourth segment in bad condition, but apparently has some pale pollen at base and a few apical bristles. Genitalia small, black, concealed between the large plates of the fifth sternite. Wing hyaline, first vein bare, third with one or two hairs at base; hind cross vein very straight, halfway between small and bend of fourth vein, the latter very oblique, concave beyond, ending in the exact apex, the first posterior cell open. The second vein ends near tip of third so that the costal section before it is about three times as long as the one beyond. Wiedemann gives the length as 4 mm. The species is not represented in the United States National Museum. ART, 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—ALDRICH 21 Genus CALODEXIA Van der Wulp Calodezia VAN DER WULP, Biologia, Dipt., vol. 2, 1891, p. 257—Bravrer and BERGENSTAMM, Zweif. Kais. Mus., pt., 6, 1893, p. 131—TowNspnp, Rev. Mus. Paul., vol. 15, 1926, p. 219. Oestrogaster TOWNSEND, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 43, 1912, p. 309; Ent. News, vol. 26, 1915, p. 28; Rev. Mus. Paul., vol. 15, 1926, p. 223. Oestrogastropsis TOWNSEND, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, 1915, p. 424; Rey. Mus. Paul., vol. 15, 1926, p. 223. Oestrogastrodes TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, 1915, p. 425; Rev. Mus. Paul., vol. 15, 1926, p. 225. The genus Calodewia originally included three species, of which Coquillett (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, 1910, p. 517) desig- nated Calodexia majuscula Van der Wulp as type. He identified a male specimen from Cuernavaca, Mexico, as belonging to this species. I recently sent this specimen to the British Museum, where Major Austen kindly compared it with Van der Wulp’s type, and reports it to be correctly identified. Townsend proposed all three of his genera on female specimens. The type and sole species of Oestrogaster is Oestrogaster fumosus Townsend; that of Oestrogastropsis is Oestrogastropsis mexicana Townsend; and that of Oestrogastrodes is Oestrogastrodes similis Townsend. A male undoubtedly belonging to similis has since been discovered in our material, and we have a female of flavipes Schiner ; so there are two species in which both sexes are known. In order to elucidate the following species of Schiner it is neces- sary to consider the characters of the genotype of Calodewia. The type specimen of Calodexia majuscula is a male, and the female has not yet been associated with this species. It must be very much like sémz/is Townsend. In the male the eye is very large, front in profile not prominent, antennal axis short, vibrissal about three-fourths as long; the front is 0.16 of the head width above, widening but little to the antennae and the face still quite narrow; ocellars merely hairs; outer vertical not developed; two large upper frontals reclinate, remainder smaller, decussate, lowest barely at insertion of antennae, which is at middle of eye, third antennal joint two and a half times the second, arista thickened at base, sub- plumose for a short distance beyond the thickening, the plumosity rapidly diminishing in length and the apical half practically bare. Parafacials very narrow; vibrissae at oral margin, ridges bare above them and rather flat. Cheek about one-fifteenth of eye height. Palpi and proboscis normal. Infrasquamal hairs present but pale (in our other species usually only one or two hairs present, some- times none). Abdomen slender and pointed; first and second seg- ments with a pair of erect median marginals, third with a marginal] row; second and third with a large erect, discal pair; fourth as long 99 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 as third, pointed, with a discal row and two irregular marginal rows. Male genitalia small and concealed, the tergite overhanging them somewhat as in the less developed species of Uramyia. Wing rather narrow, fourth vein with rounded oblique bend, not concave except near tip, ending but little before apex of wing, beyond the bend almost parallel with hind margin of wing. First posterior cell open, close to costa its sides are almost parallel. Third vein with several hairs at base; hind crossvein joining fourth vein at two- thirds the distance from small to bend. Antennae, palpi, proboscis, coxae, femora, tibiae, and sides of first three abdominal segments yellow. Femora not thickened, under side of middle and hind ones with distinct whitish cilia on apical two- thirds, quite long and dense and apparently a good specific character for the male. Front tibia with one bristle on outer hind side, mid tibia with one on outer front, hind tibia with two smallish pairs be- hind, at, and before middle, and a pair subapical; on the inner flexor side at base some sloping villous hairs, which diminish and dis- appear near middle. Claws and pulvilli moderately elongated. Basal half of abdomen below with long delicate white hairs. The female of majuscula is not known, but from what is known of the related species may be expected to have the abdomen short and deep, more or less keeled, the fourth segment narrow and elon- gated forward underneath, so that its discal row of bristles becomes two longitudinal and almost parallel rows, and the genital opening is pushed forward underneath almost or quite to the middle of the venter. This remarkable peculiarity makes the females look differ- ent from the males, but the other characters agree well in both sexes. 125. CALODEXIA FLAVIPES Schiner Meigenia flavipes ScHINER, Novara Reise, 1868, p. 326. Calodexia flavipes BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 376. Myobia (?) flavipes BRaAvER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 6, 1893, p. 131. One male, the undoubted type, “Novara R. Brasilia.” Male.—Closely related to Calodexia majuscula. The head is of the same shape, much higher than long in profile, almost circular from in front. The height, length, and width are 53, 32, and 56 in microm- eter units. The eyes are very large, both front and face narrower than in most tachinids, and the cheek only one-twentieth of the eye height. The front is very little projecting in profile, even less than in majuscula. It measures the same from the middle to the vertex, 0.17 of the head width, the eyes gradually diverging farther down- ward. Ocellars hairlike, proclinate; outer vertical not developed; frontals forming a denser and more homogeneous series than in ALDRIOH 23 ART, 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES majuscula, the upper two or three pairs reclinate, the following gradually becoming decussate, but there is no break in the series, which extends just to the base of the second antennal joint. Anten- nae brown, third joint slender, red at base, almost three times the second, arista slender, a little enlarged at base, distinctly pubescent on about the basal third. This pubescence is shorter than what I have called short plumosity in majuscula. The narrow parafrontals and still narrower parafacials are bare, with dull yellowish pollen in the ancient type; palpi and labella yellow. Thorax black in ground color with dense yellow pollen, on which two pairs of black stripes are distinct, the inner blending just at the suture into a large heart-shaped spot not quite reaching the scutellum, and showing a reddish brown color in an oblique view: the outer tapering abruptly to a point before the scutellum. Scutel- lum opaque black, with yellow-pollinose border. Chaetotaxy : Acros- tichal 1, 1; dorsocentral 2, 3; humeral 2; post-humeral 1; presutural 1; notopleural 2; supraalar 2; intraalar 3; postalar 2; sternopleural 1, 1; scutellum with 3 lateral pairs, a minute divergent apical pair hardly distinguishable from hairs, and a small subapical pair on disk. Several distinct dark infrasquamal setules. Abdomen rather slender, dark yellow with a broad ill-defined black median stripe; the second tergite is deformed in the specimen. First segment with median marginal pair of bristles; second with discal and marginal pairs; third with discal pair and marginal row; fourth with discal row and irregular marginal row partly double. Front legs rather dark yellow, including coxae, tarsi black; middle femora yellow on basal half, the rest blackish, their tibiae brown; hind femora yellow on more than basal half, their tibiae brown, but in the middle yellowish. The middle femora are densely ciliated with dark yellowish pile on the anterior flexor side from about the middle; the hind femora have similar cilia on both the anterior and posterior flexor sides. The hind tibiae have rather dense and long appressed hair on the flexor side at base. Claws and pulvilli moderately elongated. Wings rather uniformly brown, deeper along the veins. Venation as in majuscula. Female.—A female in the United States National Museum (Higuito, Costa Rica, collected by Pablo Schild) shows the following addi- tional characters: Front 0.26 of head width at vertex and antennae, but widening to 0.28 in the middle; pollen of head cinereous, not yellow; arista with a little longer pubescence on basal third; inter- mediate thoracic stripes hardly confluent behind suture; pollen of thorax cinereous; posterior acrostichals 3, all but the hindmost small ; abdomen short and thick, keeled below; the female genitalia ending in 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. T+ a blunt tube projecting straight down from the abdomen at about its middle; pollen of abdomen gray, with large dots at bases of the hairs and bristles, apices of second and third segments subshining black; fourth segment wholly pollinose, the discal row of bristles distorted into the shape of a narrow ellipse or almost into two parallel longitudinal rows. The abdomen is not yellow at the sides as in the male. Legs brownish black, the front femora yellowish underneath on apical half, middle and hind femora without distinct ciliation underneath. Wings of a lighter and more uniform brown. Length of male, 9.6 mm.; of female, 7 mm. 126. CUPHOCERA MACROCERA Wiedemann Tachina macrocera WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifi., vol. 2, 1830, p. 290. Cuphocera macrocera SCHINER, Novara Reise, 1868, p. 330. Blachipalpus macrocera BrRavER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 406. Schiner gives only a brief note on a pair from Brazil. Brauer and Bergenstamm give only the generic reference. The material received from Vienna under this name is as follows: 1. A male labeled Tachina macrocera Wiedemann and also “ Bra- silia, Coll. Winthem,” it also bears a recently added red “Type” label. This, however, can not be Wiedemann’s type, as it has an- tennae of ordinary size, while Wiedemann says “Antennis maximis,” and “ Mit sehr grossen Fiihlern.” We have additional specimens of this species, and I am describing it below as Copecrypta orbitalis new species. 2. A male and female each labeled “ macrocera det. B. B.,” and “ Novara R. Brasilia.” These are apparently the pair mentioned by Schiner as macrocera, since they differ in the antennae as he says. The female belongs to Copecrypta nitens Wiedemann, mentioned be- low, and the male I identify with Copecrypta nitidifrons Van der Wulp, on comparison with two female paratypes of that species from Mexico donated to the United States National Museum by the au- thorities of the British Museum. It has antennae of ordinary size and differs from orbitalis most obviously in not having orbital bristles. None of the three specimens belongs to macrocera Wiedemann, but a male sent along for identification and belonging to a related species is, I am confident, the true macrocera, and very likely the type specimen, as it dates from the same period. The species is here referred to the genus Cuphocera, the genotype of which (ruficornis Macquart of Europe) has rudimentary, minute palpi and no ocellar bristles, while macrocera has no palpi and a distinct pair of ocellars. Townsend has proposed the genus Deo- ART. 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—-ALDRICH 25 palpus for an American species (Aérsuta Townsend) with neither palpi nor ocellars, and Spanipalpus for one (méscelli Coquillett) which like macrocera has ocellars but no palpi. These distinctions are, I think, too slight to base genera upon. Male (fig. 1) —Front wide, at vertex 0.41 of head width; two pairs of large verticals; one pair of ocellars as large as the averge of the frontals, the latter extending somewhat below the base of the anten- nae with a supplementary outer row of four along the broadest part of the parafrontal, all of these directed toward the middle except the upper two or three which are reclinate. Parafrontals broad, sub- shining except next to the eye, considerably wider than the middle stripe. Entire face, including cheeks, pale in ground color with silvery pollen, which is distinctly tinged with yellow on the cheeks and very faintly so on the parafacials; the middle of the face some- what bulging, the ridges very flat, bare; edge of mouth moderately protuberant. Parafacial with one stout black bristle on lower part and a few pale hairs above and below it. Antennae red, third joint dark on apical half. very large and triangular as shown in figure; the arista has a long penultimate joint, the apical one pubescent, flattened on the basal third or more. Palpi absent. Proboscis beyond elbow about equal to height of head. Beard white, rather Fig, 1.—HEAD OF CUPHOCERA MACROCHERA bushy. Thorax gray, with four WIEDEMANN, MALBH (SUPPOSED TYPE). distinct blackish stripes. Pre- ?*4¥% ®¥ ©: 7 GREEN® sutural acrostichals, three pairs. Scutellum with two lateral pairs and a small decussate apical. Some pale hairs on pleurae not very striking; one large pteropleural bristle nearly equal to the largest seutellars. Abdomen black, subshining, with thin gray pollen which is quite changeable in different angles of view. The fourth segment yellow on apical two-fifths, this color extending forward on the median line to three-fifths. First segment without median marginals; sec- ond with one pair rather close together ; third with one pair and three at the side; fourth with several bristles on apical half. Legs black, under side of femora reddish on apical half; middle and hind tibia with reddish tinge except at base; front pulvilli not much enlarged; middle tibia with several stout bristles on outer front side. Hind tibia with a few not so large on outer hind side and others on inner hind side. 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T4 Wing slightly brownish, bend of fourth vein rectangular with a shght appendage; beyond the right angle the vein is concave, thence straight in a diagonal direction toward the costa. Third vein bristly almost to cross vein. Calypters white. Length, 11 mm. Described from one male, “ Brasilia, Alte Sammlung,” another label reads “ad. Elachipalpus det. B. B.” Not represented in the United States National Museum. COPECRYPTA ORBITALIS, new species Male——F ront at vertex 0.35 of head width; two pairs of verticals. no ocellars, upper two frontals reclinate, only five anterior to them in a single row, two large proclinate orbitals. Ground color of para- frontals black, of parafacials, face and cheeks pale, all overlaid with golden pollen; upper half of the parafrontals with thinner pollen and rather dense erect black hair; parafacial with two stout macro- chaetae and some pale pile, the latter continuing on the cheek; beard yellow. Antennae red except apical part of third joint; second joint fully equal to third, the latter convex in front, more straight behind, rather pointed, not very broad. No palpi; proboscis beyond joint barely equal to height of head. Thorax black with thin plumbeous pollen on dorsum in best specimens, nearly shining in others; the pollen shows two narrow submedian black stripes in front, between two wider ones. Acrostichal 3, 4; dorsocentral 3, 4; scteullum with two large lateral with a small between them, and a small decussate apical pair. Sternoplenral 4, with a stout pteropleural about equal to the largest scutellar. Calypters yellow. Abdomen sub-shining black with fourth segment deep red on apical half dorsally, less below, and a trace of red on the sides of the second segment. The pollen and bristles are as in macrocera. Legs black; front pulvilli distinctly elongated; several bristles on outer front side of middle tibia, hind tibia with a few on outer and inner hind sides. Wings distinctly brownish, fourth vein bent at right angle; concave imme- diately beyond the angle, thence straight in a rather upright course to the margin; third vein bristly less than halfway to cross vein. Female.—Front of exactly the same width as in the male, but the third antennal joint smaller and less convex, about three-fourths as long as second. The abdomen is broader and has no trace of red at the sides. The three intermediate joints of the front tarsi are distinctly flattened. Length, 7-8 mm. Described from two males and three females (including the type) Posorja, Ecuador (Prof. F. Campos R.); one female from Peru (Townsend); and one male from Brazil (Coll. Winthem.) which ART. 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES——-ALDRICH 27 will be returned to the Vienna Natural History Museum. The lat- ter specimen has faded so the pollen of the head is almost silvery and the calypters are whitish yellow, but in other details agrees perfectly. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 41,082, U.S.N.M. 127. COPECRYPTA NITENS Wiedemann Tachina nitens WInDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 1830, p. 294. Cuphocera nitens SCHINER, Novara Reise, 1868, p. 330. One female specimen, “ Brasilia, Coll. Winthem,” which has lost one wing. It is labeled as type and agrees with Wiedemann’s de- scription and Schiner’s comments. It is clear that the common form in the United States, ruficauda Van der Wulp, type of the genus, can not be more than a variety of this, and I consider it a synonym. Wiedemann’s specimen has darker antennae than usual, all the joints being decidedly brown except the tip of second and broad base of third. The abdomen is only very slightly red at tip and vaguely in certain lights on second and third segments, not so definitely as indicated by Schiner. These differences can be almost or quite matched in northern specimens of ruficauda. The antennae in nitens type are of the usual form in females of 7wficauda, the third joint only a little longer than the second, widening gradually and subtruncate at tip. There are two parafacial bristles on one side, one on the other. I see no structural differences between the two forms except as noted. 128. ARCHYTAS PILIFRONS Schiner Echinomyia pilifrons ScHiner, Novara Reise, 1868, p. 331. One male marked as type and agreeing with the description. ‘The locality label is “ Novara R. S. America,” but Schiner says it is from Chile. The species is represented in the United States National Museum by five specimens, as follows: One male, Southern Chile (M. J. Rivers) ; one male, Angol, Chile (D. S. Bullock) ; two males and one female, Chile (E. C. Reed). In brief, the species is close to Archytas piliventris Van der Wulp, a common species in the Tropics, but differs in having the hairs of the parafacials black and the posterior half or more of abdominal segments two to four shining. It has the same median erect trans- parent membrane on the back of the penis as in péliventris, which hitherto has been the only Avchytas in the National Museum having this peculiarity. With Schiner’s description and these items the species should be recognizable. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 129. PELETERIA ROBUSTA Wiedemann Tachina robusta WimDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl., vol. 2, 1830, p. 290. Echinomyia robusta VAN DER WULP, Tijdsch. v. Ent., vol. 26, 1883, p. 19. Peleteria robusta BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 408 (gen. ref.)—GrieLt1o-Tos, Mem. R. Acad. Sci. Torino, ser. 2, vol. 44, 1894, p. 9—CogquILLeTT, Revis. Tachin., 1897, p. 140.—Curran, Trans. Roy. Soe. Canada, ser. 3, vol. 19, 1925, pp. 225, 245, fig. Peleteria robusta marmorata TOWNSEND, Ins. Ins. Menst., vol. 2, 1914, p. 185. Peleteria texensis CuRRAN, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 3, vol. 19, 1925, p. 246, Fig. 27. Peleteria inca CuRRAN, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 3, vol. 19, 1925, p. 247. There are many other references in the literature, but the group is so difficult that it is almost impossible to determine the species without examining male genitalia, and this was never done until Curran’s paper; even he, not having seen the material in the Vienna Museum, had the wrong species as robusta. There is no great proba- bility that any of the writers after Wiedemann identified the species correctly ; it is certain that Coquillett confused several species under this name; his synonomy and that of Van der Wulp and Giglio-Tos is no doubt largely erroneous. The type being a female, it might seem that a positive identification of the species would be impossible. The material received from Vienna under this name includes the un- doubted female type from Montevido; one male and one female, “ Brasilien, Alte Sammlung”; and one female, “ Beske, Brasilien.” The last is robusta of Curran, according to a female specimen from Paraguay which he identified in the National Museum. It has much wider parafacials and red epaulets, but the other Brazilian female agrees with the type of robusta and is accompanied by a male with the same label and agreeing well. I therefore decide that this male is undoubtedly robusta and have spread its genitalia for study. I find it agrees with 'Townsend’s and Curran’s species as indicated. The epaulet is black in all three specimens, hence the species does not run to robusta in Curran’s key. The parafrontals are pollinose, abdominal segments mostly so; second antennal joint red, rather long and slender, third black, convex on dorsal side, not very large (a little larger in male) ; palpi long and slender as in nearly all the species; fourth abdominal segment mostly black in male, entirely reddish in female. The front at vertex in the type female is 0.43, in male 0.35 of head width. The second antennal joint in male is one and a fourth times, in female one and a half times, the third; the parafacial at narrowest is 0.27 in male, 0.29 in the female, of the greatest clypeal width (be- tween the arms of the ptilinal suture). The male genitalia are very difficult to draw in this genus. The specific differences are mostly in the united inner forceps. In arr. 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—ALDRICH 29 robusta (the Brazilian specimen from Vienna) these are very deeply grooved, the ridges widening a little toward the tip, which is con- cave at apex with a slight projection in the center. I am unable to make out, in the paratypes returned by Curran, the differences he mentions in the width of the male abdomen and the tip of the inner forceps, on which he separated inca and texensis. Represented in the United States National Museum by 14 para- types of tewensis, from Oklahoma, Texas, Arizonia, Mexico, and Costa Rica; 3 paratypes of inca from Peru; type, allotype, and 12 paratypes of marmorata from Peru; and 9 other Peruvian speci- mens. Several specimens from Dallas, Tex., were reared from Cirphis unipuncta Haworth, the army worm. The type of robusta has on the second abdominal segment only a small depressed median marginal on one side, none on the other. while both of the Brazilian specimens which I have considered the same have a normal large pair. On examining the paratypes of texensis, I find one female which has this pair small and depressed, while another has one bristle small and depressed, the other repre- sented by a scar. This character is evidently subject to a slight de- gree of variation and I do not think raises a serious question. Mr. Curran, who revised the genus Pe/eteria a few years ago, has seen this Brazilian material and the type, and agrees with me that texensis is the same. 130. DIAPKHANOMYIA DIAPHANA Brauer and Bergenstamm Paragymnomma diaphana BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 384. Three males and one female, labeled as types; one of the males is from Venezuela (Lindig. 1864), the rest of the series are from Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). The only locality mentioned by Brauer and Bergenstamm is Brazil, hence the Venezuelan specimen can not be considered a type, although it is the same species. The genotype of Paragymnomma is hystrix Brauer and Bergen- stamm (syn. Gabanimyia hystricosa Townsend), which belongs to the genus 7’richophora Macquart. It differs considerably from dia- phana in having the abdomen densely bristly. Townsend has pro- posed Diaphanomyia aurea new genus and species’? for a species almost exactly like diaphana, yet differing in several slight characters. His tabulation of the differences between his awrea and diaphana Brauer and Bergenstamm is mostly illusory, as shown by the types, which are nearer to aurea than he supposed. He was endeavoring to interpret the description of diaphana without specimens. All the dif- ferences I can make out are the following: The front in aurea is 10 Bull. Amer. Mus, Nat. Hist., vol. 87, 1917, p. 229. 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 less pollinose, translucent when viewed from above; the third anten- nal joint is a little narrower; the parafacial hairs are all light yellow, while in diaphana there are one or two darker in male (more in fe- male); the male paratype of aw'ea in the United States National Museum has only one marginal macrochaeta on the second abdominal segment, the right, and one discal, the left, on the third segment, indi- cating an unusual instability in this character; all the specimens of diaphana have one regular discal pair on second and third and a mar- ginal pair on second; the abdomen is more shining in aurea, a little dull in diaphana, but possibly such old specimens have become dulled by age. The genus Diaphanomyia is barely distinct from 7'richo- phora in having fewer abdominal bristles, but diaphana may be left here with awrea until longer series are examined. The species déaphana is rather striking in appearance, with the abdomen yellow except the fourth segment, which is sharply set off by opaque black color; the legs, pleurae, humeri, and scutellum are yellow. The genus resembles Copecrypta in having no palpi, rather elongate proboscis; parafacial with one bristle and some hairs; second antennal joint about equal to third, penultimate joint of arista elongate; no ocellars, etc. It differs in the less erect apical crossvein and in having discal bristles on the abdomen. One of the males from Brazil is retained, by courtesy of the Vienna Museum, as the species was not represented in our collection. 131. CYLINDROMYIA DORSALIS Wiedemann Ocyptera dorsalis WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweiil., vol. 2, 1830, p. 264. One male, “ Brasilia Coll. Winthem,” marked type and agreeing with description except in the legs. It is a typical Cylindromyia, like the European and North American. The scutellum has two pairs of strong lateral bristles, no apicals; the antennae are red except the apical and upper part of the third joint; the legs are red except the tarsi now (Wiedemann says “ femora reddish, on the hindmost also the tibiae, elsewhere black,” but perhaps they have faded in a century). The hind femur has three bristles in a close- set row on the outer side below at tip, other leg bristles about as in brassicaria. Wing yellow at base, extending along costa past the tip of first vein; from about the small crossvein the veins toward apex and costa are heavily bordered with brownish black, which fills the whole submarginal cell except its base; the petiole of the third vein turns more strongly forward than in brassicaria, joining the costa at a right angle. The male genital segments and organs are wholly red, probably somewhat faded; the genitalia are strongty like those of brassicaria, but the fifth sternite of the latter has two projections in the middle bearing tufts of setules and separated by ART. 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—ALDRICH 3l deep notch; while in dorsalis there is a single median process bearing two tufts of setules close together. The North American species studied by me in my paper on Cylindromyia™ included none with two lateral pairs of scutellar bristles and no apicals, and dorsa/is is not now represented in the United States National Museum. Genus LEPIDODEXIA Brauer and Bergenstamm Lepidodexria BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zwefl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, pp. 373, 379; pt. 6, 1893, p. 133. Raimondia TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 30, 1917, p. 47. The type species of Lepidodewxia is tetraptera Brauer and Bergen- stamm; that of Raimondia is uruhuast Townsend, a closely related species. Both were described in the above references. 132. LEPIDODEXIA TETRAPTERA Brauer and Bergenstamm Lepidodexia tetraptera BRAUER and BERGENSTAMM, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., pt. 5, 1891, p. 379; pt. 6, 1893, p. 188. One male, the type and so marked, from “ Lindig, 1864, Venezuela.” Male (fig. 2)—Head somewhat globose with the front prominent, antennal axis scarcely longer than vibrissal; cheek about two-thirds the eye height in side view, its posterior part rather bulging so that the eye has an oblique position. Front 0.15 of head width by microm- eter at the narrowest place just before the ocelli; frontal bristles about 15 of uniform size, the upper scarcely reclinate, the lower hardly reaching the middle of the second antennal joint. Frontal stripe velvety brown, before the ocelli more than twice as wide as either parafrontal, the latter with the parafacials have a satiny brownish-yellow color. Where the parafrontals widen anteriorly they bear numerous small hairs which extend down on the parafacial to the transverse impression, which is large and dark red. Antennae black, third joint missing on both sides, said by Brauer and Bergen- stamm to be three times as long as the second with the arista long- plumose on the basal half. Facial carina very distinct, but hardly more prominent than the ridges, which bear good-sized hairs up to the middle. Epistoma much above the lower edge of head, the profile sloping upward very decidedly. Below the vibrissae are about six bristles in a single row and a few more on the cheek, bordering the lower part of the transverse impression. All the hairs of the head are black, palpi black, hairy, of ordinary size; proboscis rather small with good-sized labella. Thorax brownish pollinose sith darker longitudinal stripes, the humeri and lower part of pleurae more cinereous. Chaetotaxy: Acrostical 0, 1; dorsocentral 2,3; humeral 3; post-humeral 1; presutural 1; supraalar 2; intraalar 2; postalar 2; 11 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 68, art. 28, 192@, pp. 1-27. 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T4 scutellum with only two pairs of laterals, no apical, one pair of discals, besides which there are only ordinary hairs; sternopleural 1, 1; pteropleural 0; infrasquamal setules a very distinct group of about a dozen, which should be a good character; propleura densely hairy. Postscutellum absent, the metanotum moderately convex in the middle as in Sarcophaga. Wind calypters remarkably large, yellowish brown in color, the middle lighter. In the specimen the wings are divergent and the calypters are flattened so as to be very conspicuous from above, which evidently suggested the name ¢etraptera. Abdomen black, the hind margins of the first three segments with dark brown pollen which extends forward in the middle to form a rather distinct median stripe, but toward the sides changes an- teriorly to a lighter color so as to leave a pair of pale yellowish pollinose triangles on the anterior part of the second and third seg- Fic. 2.,—L®PIDODEXIA THTRAPTERA BRAUB AND BBERGPNSTAMM, 1. LEFT LATERAL VIEW OF GENITAL SEGMENTS OF MALE. 2. REAR VIEW OF FORCEPS. 3. REAR VIEW OF PENIS. 4. TIP OF PENIS. 5. REAR VIEW OF ACCESSORY PLATE. DRAWN BY DAvip G. HALL ments; fourth segment with pale yellow pollen except in the middle on the front part; first and second segments with only lateral macrochaetae, no marginals; third segment with a marginal pair and a rather dense group of about eight on each side. Fourth segment with a double interrupted marginal row running into a group at each side. These lateral groups are what Brauer and Bergenstamm called fasciculi. Genitalia as figured. Legs black, front tibia with a long outer bristle, middle tibia with one on outer front and two on outer hind sides, no flexor; hind tibia with two on outer hind side, two on inner hind and one on outer front sides, the latter at two-thirds the length. None of the tibiae bear villosity. Pulvilli dark brown, moderately elongate and considerably widened; the front tarsus exceeds the tibia by about the last joint. Wing subhyaline, the small crossvein infuscated, the fourth vein bent at a slightly acute angle and ending not very far before the ART. 19 AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES—ALDRICH 33 apex, about as far from it as twice the distance between the tips of the third and fourth veins. First vein bare, third bristly almost to the cross vein. Length, 11 mm. Not represented in the United States National Museum. Townsend’s Raimondia uruhuasi was described from a single , female, but the Museum possesses three males and an additional female from Huascaray Ridge, Jaen Province, Peru, September 21 and 22 (Townsend). The species is very close to tetraptera, show- ing only three differences that I can see. The wings are considerably infuscated, especially the crossveins; the male has a pair of long parallel upright apical scutellars, the tips of which curve forward; the abdomen of the male has a somewhat more contrasting pattern, with better defined subsilvery triangles on anterior lateral part of the second, third, and fourth segments. The female of tetraptera is unknown, but that of wewhwasi has no apical scutellars and the abdominal pattern while similar to that of the male, is more tessel- lated. The male genitalia have been carefully compared and seem identical. It may yet prove that wrwhwasi is merely a subspecies of tetraptera. The genus Lepidodexia belongs to the family Sarcophagidae, as indicated by Brauer and Bergenstamm. SUMMARY OF CHANGES OF NOMENCLATURE PROPOSED NEW SPECIRNS Copecrypta orbitalis Aldrich, from Ecuador and Brazil. NEW SYNONYMY Huzelia Townsend equals Zelia Robineau-Desvoidy. Therevops Brauer and Bergenstamm equals 7’elothyria Van der Wulp. Minthodexia Brauer and Bergenstamm equals Xanthodexia Van der Wulp. Minthodexia gravipes Brauer and Bergenstamm equals Xantho- dexia sericea Van der Wulp. Oestrogaster Townsend, Oestrogastropsis Townsend, and Cestro- gastrodes ‘Townsend are synonyms of Calodexia Van der Wulp. Peleteria robusta marmorata Townsend, Peleteria texwensis Cur- ran, and Peleteria inca Curran are synonyms of Peleteria robusta Wiedemann. ; Raimondia Townsend equals Lepidodexia Brauer and Bergen- stamm. 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 NEW COMBINATIONS Zelia potens Wiedemann for Dexia potens Wiedemann. Zelia phaeoptera Wiedemann for Vewia phaeoptera Wiedemann. Zelia atrifrons Wiedemann for Musca atrifrons Wiedemann. Zelia limbata Wiedemann for Dexia limbata Wiedemann. Zelia plumosa Wiedemann for Dexia plumosa Wiedemann. Telothyria brevipennis Schiner for Miltogramma brevipennis Schiner. Leskiopalpus famelicus Wiedemann for Stomoxys famelica Wiede- mann. Xanthodexia flavicornis Brauer and Bergenstamm for Mintho- dexia flavicornis Brauer and Bergenstamm. Callesthes dilecta Wiedemann for Musca dilecta Wiedemann. Copecrypta nitens Schiner for Cuphocera nitens Schiner. Archytas pilifrons Schiner for E'chinomyia pilifrons Schiner. Diaphanomyia diaphana Brauer and Bergenstamm for Para- gymnomma diaphana Brauer and Bergenstamm. © A NEW SPECIES OF TRICHOSTRONGYLID WORM OF THE GENUS COOPERIA FROM THE CARABAO IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, WITH A REVIEW OF THE GENUS By BensamMin Scuwartz Senior Zoologist of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture Under date of September 9, 1927, Dr. Angel K. Gomez, of the Col- lege of Veterinary Science of the University of the Philippines, forwarded to the writer a portion of the small intestine of a carabao calf (Bubalus bubalus) from Los Bafios, Laguna, with the informa- tion that the animal had died from inanition and was extremely emaciated before it died. Doctor Gomez said that on post-morten examination the small intestine was found to contain nodules through- out its length and that teased preparations of the nodules revealed the presence of small roundworms. Examination of the material by the writer showed the mucosa to be riddled with small, conspicuously raised nodules, varying from about 3 to 5 mm. in diameter, the summit of each nodule being more or less depressed and containing a small opening into a channel of communication between the parasite and the lumen of the intestine. Each nodule contains a single worm which is rather deeply imbedded in the mucosa and is very much twisted, the twists being due, appar- ently, to the technic of fixation. The worms belong to the genus Cooperia and represent a heretofore undescribed species for which the name Cooperia nodulosa is proposed. On the evidence this worm must be regarded as pathogenic and probably of economic importance, COOPERIA NODULOSA, new species Specific diagnosis—Cooperia: The head (fig. 1) varies in diam- eter with the degree of cuticular expansion and ranges from about 47» to slightly over 50 and bears 4submedian papillae and 2 amphids or so-called lateral papillae. The esophagus (pl. 1, fig. 1) is slightly less than 0.5 mm. long in the male and from 0.5 mm. to slightly longer in the female, with a maximum diameter of 46n. The nerve ring is located slightly posterior to the middle of the esophagus. No. 2765.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 74, ART. 20 6644—28 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 Méale——The male is about 7.2 mm. long by about 218, in maximum width in the region of the spicules where the body is decidedly swollen. The externo-lateral ray (pl. 1, fig. 2) is more slender than the latero-ventral ray which is the thickest of all rays; the externo- lateral ray comes next in thickness; the medio-lateral and postero- lateral rays have about the same thickness; the externo-dorsal is next in thickness, and the ventro-ventral is the most slender of the paired rays; the tips of the paired rays, that is, all rays other than the dorsal ray, come close to the edge of the bursa, those of the medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays being most closely approxi- mated to each other; the dorsal rays (pl. 1, fig. 3) bifurcates, each terminal branch ending in two blunt digitate processes; each ter- minal stem of the dorsal ray gives off a branch in its posterior portion having a more or less hori- zontal direction along the trans- verse axis of the worm. The spic- ules (pl. 1, fig. 4) are from 304 to 320 long and are provided with seven tooth-lke processes di- rected toward the median line in its posterior portion. Female—The female is slightly over 11 mm. long by about 200u in maximum width. The vulva (pl. 1, fig. 5), located at a distance of 2 mm. from the tip of the tail, is transversely elongated and is covered by a prominent cuticular linguiform flap. The combined lengths of the ovejectors, including the sphincters, is about 440z. The tail (pl. 1, fig. 6) is about 210» long and tapers to a point. The eggs are from 40 to 51p long by 31 wide. Host.—Bubalus bubalus. Location—In nodules in mucosa of small intestine. Locality—Los Banos, Laguna, P. I. Tupe specimens.—U. 8. National Museum No. 24863. Paratypes—vU. 8. National Museum Nos. 24864 and 24865. Fig. 1—COOPERIA NODULOSA. TOP VIEW OF HEAD Genus COOPERIA The genus Cooperia was proposed by Ransom (1907) who assigned to it four species as follows: Cooperia curticei (Railliet, 1893) (=Cooperia curticti Giles, 1892); Cooperia punctata (Schnyder, 1907) ; Cooperia oncophora (Railliet, 1898) ; and Cooperia pectinata Ransom, 1907. Since 1907 the following species have been added to art. 20 NEW SPECIES OF TRICHOSTRONGYLID WORM—SCHWARTZ 3 the genus: Cooperia alata Railliet and Henry, 1909; Cooperia macieli (Travassos, 1915); Cooperia elegans Travassos, 1921; Cooperia falsa Travassos, 1921; Cooperia harkeri (Stédter, 1901) ; Cooperia bisonis Cram, 1925; and Cooperia fuelleborni Hung, 1926. So far as concerns Cooperia alata Railliet and Henry, 1909, from the intestine of a macacus monkey, the specific description, which is based on a male, is very brief and is unaccompanied by illustrations. Railliet and Henry say that the cuticle of the body has about 16 longitudinal lines, and this morphological feature is characteristic of the genus Cooperia. However, they also say that C. alata pos- sesses a gubernaculum, and this structure is not known to be present in the four species referred to this genus by Ransom in 1907 nor in any other species that definitely belongs to it. Cooperia macieli (Travassos, 1915) is described from the stomach of Dasypus novemeinctus (=Tatus novemcincius) and is well illus- trated in Travassos’s paper on the family Trichostrongylidae pub- lished in 1921. Although the latero-ventral ray is larger than the ventro-ventral ray as shown in his illustrations and described in his text, whereas in other species of the genus the ventro-ventral ray is much more slender than the latero-ventral ray, the species in question has the primary characters of the genus Cooperia. Cooperia elegans Travassos, 1921, Shan the small intestine of Saimiris sciurea, and Cooperia ee Travassos, 1921, from the stomach of Cabassus unicinctus are described briefly without illus- trations, and the descriptions contain no characters on the basis of which the worms can be assigned with certainty to the genus Cooperia. For the present, at least, these two species must be regarded as having doubtful generic affinities, and until more de- tailed descriptions with figures are published the writer considers that there is a lack of evidence on which to definitely assign these species to the genus Cooperia. Cooperia harkert Stédter, 1901, from cattle, is placed in this genus by Fiebiger (1923). THarker’s (1893) figure shows that the species in question does not belong to the genus Cooperia. In the opinion of Ransom (1911), this species is identical with Ostertagia ostertage. Cooperia fuellebornt Hung, 1926, from Hobus ellipstprymnus is very closely related to Cooperia curticei, as noted by Hung, bis differ- entiating characters not being sufficient, in the opinion of the writer, to warrant the erection of new species, and in this paper C. fuelleborni is regarded as a synonym of C. curticet. The following key will serve to differentiate the known species of the genus Cooperia and to indicate the position of Cooperi« nodulosa in the genus: 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vot. T4 KEY TO DESCRIBED SPECIES OF COOPERIA 1. Species placed in, but not definitely recognizable as belonging to, the genus Cooperianco fh — ffi Ft cee eeneleore suites Re ae ERE Dee eres 2. Species definitely recognizable as belonging to the genus Cooperia_____--~~ Se 2. Gubernaculum present ; spicules 120u to 180u long, terminating in two processes of different shape and size; male 2.9 to 3.5 mm. long; female 4.3 to 4.9 mm. Wry ge i Ee Sere De eid Ee ee Tee ee eee eee Cooperia elegans. Gubernaculum absent; spicules 134 to 156 long, terminating in three processes of different shape and size; male 4.5 to 6 mm. long; female 4.3 to 4.9 mm. LONG Sci del oy gh reel fh ep Dn oe es eee fetes Se ee Cooperia falsa. 8. Gubernaculum present; spicules 115u long, with a recurved hook located at a distance of 454 from tip; male 2.8 mm. long; female unknown. Cooperia alata. Gubernaculum absent; spicules more than 1154 long and without a recurved hook in posteriorsthird2 [2% 23 eon Sse ee ae eee 4, 4. Ventro-ventral ray thicker than latero-ventral ray; spicules 170 to 180, long, each with median process 120u long, and each spicule terminating in two slender processes; male 7 to 9 mm. long; female 7 to 11 mm. long. Cooperia macieli. Ventro-ventral ray more slender than latero-ventral ray; spicules not ending in: tWo-processes 222 See RN SAAT ENT OE ee oe ee eed SEE 5 5. Spicules over 3800u long, with 7 toothlike structures in the posterior portion; female vulva covered by a linguiform flap; male 7.2 mm. long; female 11 OMT SLOT RR ea Se ir i Si na i i RE ee Cooperia nodulosa. Spicules not over 800u long and without toothlike structures_________-___ 6. 6: Spieules*lessithan’ 200251n length 2 2 =e Se ee eee 7. Spicules more'than-200.im lengths33_ 2o2 Vas ue eee eee 8. 7. Branches of dorsal ray curved to form a lyre-shaped structure; spicules 135 to 1854 long; vulva with transverse slit; male 4.6 to 7.3 mm. long; female BA tOj7G.8,, DANO LOMO: 2 2 a ne Sa een A See Cooperia curticei. Branches of dorsal ray nearly straight. almost parallel; spicules 120 to 1504 long; vulva crescentic in shape, elongated longitudinally__Cooperia punctata. 8. Spicules 224 to 240u long; vulva covered by a large linguiform process; male 7 2 to 7.8 mm. Hong ; ee 8 to 9.5 mm. oe AT 2 ESSE BEEN Eres bisonis. 9. Main branches of care ray widely divergent, fhemine U-shaped aor with cleft tips; spicules 240 to 300u long; terminal portion of female with annu- lar striations; combined lengths of muscular ovejectors about 7004; male 5.5 to 9 mm. long; female 6 to 8 mm. long_____-__-__-___ Cooperia oncophora. Main branches of dorsal ray close together and parallel, with uncleft tips; spicules 240 to 300u long, with corrugated edge in middle third; terminal portion of female sharply pointed and not marked with annular striations; combined lengths of muscular portions of ovejectors about 500”; male 7 mm. long? fenralevi-5 tO. Omni lon ges see ee eee Cooperia pectinata. BIBLIOGRAPHY CraM, ELoisp B. 1925.—Cooperia bisonis, a new nematode from the buffalo. Journ. Agric. Research Dept. Agric., Wash., vol. 30, pp. 571-578, figs. 1-7. FIEBIGER, JOSEPH. 1923.—Die tierischen Parasiten des Haus-und Nutztiere, sowie des Menschen ed. 2, xvi+439 pp., 353 figs., 1 pl., 8 figs., Wien und Leipzig. art. 20 NEW SPECIES OF TRICHOSTRONGYLID WORM—SCHWARTZ 5 Hone, SEE LU. ‘ 1926.—Ueber zwei neue parasitische Nematoden, Cooperia fuelleborni, aus dem Wasserbock und Oesophagostomum maurum aus dem Mohren- makak. Arch. f. Schiffs— u. Tropen-Hyg., vol. 30, pp. 421-4380, figs. 1-18. Rawsom, Brayton Howarp. 1907.—Notes on parasitic nematodes, including descriptions of new genera and species, and observations on life histories. Circular 116, Bureau Animal Indust., U. S. Dept. Agric., 7 pp. 1911.—The nematodes parasitic in the alimentary tract of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants. Bull. 127, Bureau Animal Indust., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 132 pp., figs. 1-152. RaAtutet, A.; and Henry A. 1909.—-Sur la classification des Strongylidae: 1. Metastrongylinae. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., vol. 66, pp. 85-88. TRAVASSOS, LAuURO. [1921]a.—Contribuicdes para o conhecimento da fauna helmintolojica brasil- eira. XIII. Ensaio monografico da familia Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1909. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro-Man- guinhos, vol. 13, pp. 1-185, pls. 1-56, figs. 1-250. 1921b.—Nematodeos novos. I. Brazil-med., Rio de Janeiro, ann. 35, vol. 2, pp. 367-868. HArkKER, ALLEN. 1893.—On an apparently undescribed Strongylus from the ox. Agric, Stu- dents’ Gaz., Cirencester, n. s., vol. 6, pp. 94-97, 1 pl. figs. 1-5. EXPLANATION OF PLATE Cooperia nodulosa, new species Fig. 1. Anterior portion. 2. Male bursa. 3. Male bursa showing dorsal ray. 4. Spicules. 5. Female showing region of vulva. 6. Female tail. a@., anus, m. 1., medio-lateral ray. d., dorsal ray. n. Y., nerve ring. e. d., externo-dorsal ray. oes., esophagus. e, l., externo-lateral ray. p. l., postero-lateral ray. 1. v., latero-ventral ray. v. v., ventro-ventral ray. O U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL, 74, ART. 20, PL. 1 COOPERIA NODULOSA, NEW SPECIES FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 5 MIARGYRITE SILVER ORE FROM THE RANDSBURG DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA By Earu V. SHANNON Assistant Curator of Geology, United States National Museum INTRODUCTION Miargyrite, one of the rarest of the sulphantimonites of silver crystallizing in the monoclinic system, has the formula Ag,S.Sb.S3. It has been found in the United States only in the Flint and Silver City districts in Owyhee County, Idaho,! and in the Randsburg district of California.? In the latter district it has been abundant in the bonanza silver ores lately worked by the California Rand Min- ing Co. Shortly after the discovery of the rich silver ores of these mines an excellent series of specimens was obtained for the National Museum by Frank L. Hess. These specimens form the basis for the following description. Although the Randsburg district has been prospected since the sixties and has been an active mining region since 1893, the rich silver ores were not discovered until April 12, 1919.3 The original outcrop of the ore was on the Juanite claim, only about 30 feet from a well- traveled road about 2 miles southeast of the town of Randsburg. The ore at the surface was very rich and all of the material mined was shipped to the smelter, leaving the mine literally without a dump. The specimens received by the United States National Museum are labeled as from the Kelly mine, which is one of the compact group now included in the California Rand properties. There are a number of veins belonging to two systems that are rather complex in their relationships. The country rock consists of mica-albite and amphibole schists of pre-Cambrian age. Only two of the numerous silver veins outcropped, and one of these two is too low grade to be worked at a profit. The original discovery was made on the Shaft vein at the only point at which it came to a a ee ae eee 1 Earl V. Shannon. The Minerals of Idaho. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 131, pp. 148-150, 1926; Miargyrite and Tetrahedrite from the Flint District, Idaho. Amer. Min., vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 18-21, January, 1928. 2 Arthur S. Eakle. Minerals of California. Calif. State Mining Bureau Bull. 91, p. 70, 1923, and Carlton D. Hulin. Geology and Ore Deposits of the Randsburg Quadrangle of California. Calif. State Mining Bureau Bull. 95, 1925. §Hulin. Geology and Ore Deposits of the Randsburg Quadrangle of California, p. 108. No. 2766.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEuM, VOL. 74, ART. 21 6643—28 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 the surface and the surface ore was very rich, assaying 300 ounces of silver and 3 ounces of gold to the ton. Adjacent to the veins the schists are commonly rather highly altered and frequently silicified and cut by veinlets of silica and pyrite. The walls of the veins are more or less indefinite and gradational.* ORES The richest specimens at hand consist of massive silver minerals, somewhat fractured and traversed by thin fillings of quartz. These contain a few cavities lined by crystals of miargyrite over which there may or may not be a discontinuous coating of clayey substance. The massive material consists principally of massive miargyrite. Hulin writes that miargyrite is-the most abundant and important silver mineral of the region, but that stylotypite is only slightly less im- portant. He says that the latter mineral is not apparent in the hand specimens, since it ordinarily occurs in minute irregular or rounded grains, commonly microscopic in size, which are usually entirely sur- rounded by miargyrite. The stylotypite is further almost invariably associated with chalcopyrite and occasionally with argentiferous born- ite. Hulin defines stylotypite as a silver-bearing bournonite with the formula 3(Cu,,Ag:,Fe)S.Sb.8;, which is the formula given for this mineral by Dana. It was identified by him in polished surfaces under reflected light and is described as brittle, metallic, dark gray in color, and with a black streak. Microchemical and blowpipe tests indicated the presence of silver, iron, antimony, and sulphur in the Randsburg mineral. On polished sections it is faintly gray and shghtly hghter in color than the miargyrite. Wherry and Foshag *® give as the formula for stylotypite simply 3Cu,S.Sb.8;. Since the composition of this mineral is so incom- pletely known it was hoped that enough of the Randsburg material could be obtained for analysis. The coarse-grained massive high- grade ore was sawed and polished and etched on the polished surface with nitric acid. It was found to consist almost entirely of miargyrite which was unattacked by the nitric acid. There was present, how- ever, a little interstitial material which etched bronzy and probably is the mineral identified as stylotypite by Hulin, but it was in such small amount and so intergrown with miargyrite as to render the separation of a portion for analysis impracticable. The majority of the specimens of the lot consists of a breccia of fragments of dark gray fine-grained siliceous material the open inter- stices of which are lined with a layer of white quartz covered with a druse of minute transparent quartz crystals. It is resting upon the 4Hulin. Geology and Ore Deposits of the Randsburg Quadrangle of California, p. 112. 5 Edgar T. Wherry and W. F. Foshag. A New Classification of the Sulphosalt Minerals. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 1-8, January, 1921. art.21 MIARGYRITE SILVER ORE FROM CALIFORNIA—SHANNON 3 quartz crystals in these vugs that the best crystals of miargyrite are found, although other less perfect crystals line the vugs in massive miargyrite. Hulin notes that small amounts of arsenopyrite, pyrite pyrargyrite, proustite, chalcopyrite, argentiferous bornite, and stibnite also occur in the ore, but in the specimens at hand these minerals are not conspicuous and do not present any features worthy of special note. Green chromiferous mica is reported to occur rarely in altered wall rock in the outcrop of the Footwall vein. The paragenesis of the minerals has been discussed in detail by Hulin. The stylotypite (?) is in part contemporaneous with quartz and is older than miargyrite, which sometimes replaces it. The order of genesis of the several minerals is given as: A. Primary: . Silica (chalcedony and quartz). . Pyrite. . Arsenopyrite. . Stylotypite. . Chalcopyrite. Argentiferous bornite. . Miargyrite. . Pyrargyrite. . Proustite. 10. Stibnite. 11. Calcite. B. Secondary: 12. Secondary sulphides. 13. Cerargyrite. 14. Melanterite. OONMPNMPR Wd The following metallographic properties and reactions which are obtained on polished sections of the miargyrite are the characteristic ones for the species: Color in section: Gray with red internal reflections in places. Anisotropism: Strong. Color in powder: Dark ruby red, distinctly darker than pyrargyrite. 1:1 HNO;: Negative. 1:1 HCl: Fumes tarnish; in places negative. . 20 per cent KCN: Slowly stains brown. 20 per cent FeCl;: Negative. 40 per cent KOH: Stains iridescent. 5 per cent HgCl.: Negative. Since it was not desired to sacrifice the well-crystallized specimens by removing crystals enough to analyze, the analyzed material was taken from a coarse-grained massive specimen. (Cat. U.S.N.M. No. 95334.) By boring shallow pits in the centers of large and pure grains of miargyrite on polished surfates 0.2 gram of pure sample was obtained. This was analyzed in the Museum laboratory with the following results: 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Analysis of miargyrite from Randsburg, Calif. Earl V. Shannon, analyst Found Theory Insoluble: tier, Sire k carrer ee eee ee ees SES en ee ee OF S0r 25222 =a SilVEroeM: AOUOLeERE 7S Ineo te Jem Ot Fe eee ees 36. 20 36. 90 Captor . ds Bae oe Si ce ee ee ee ee JOS le ae OT ss i ea eee ee ce ee Ee DOs) oo eae ee Lead. = AIG 2 RAW ee Bae a Ee ee 95; e262 ce eee Antimony 225-8502 Neer oe Ne Ay See eee 42. 46 41. 20 RTS TN oh a eee TTACES |. eee ee aipitiee - FLO TOS SUC OL OINE SURE See BE EE 19. 27 21. 90 100. 26 100. 00 This analysis shows that the mineral is normal miargyrite, free from unusual constituents. It is a mineral of relatively low silver content as compared with the other silver minerals, with red streak which are commonly called ruby silver, and include proustite, pyrargyrite, and polybasite. The crystals of miargyrite occur either lining cavities in the massive mineral or implanted on the drusy quartz of the vugs in the breccia ore. They are very brilliant black in color but tend to tarnish and be- come iridescent in the air. None of those in the specimens at hand are large, the most of them being be- tween 1 and 3 millimeters in di- ameter. They occur singly or in small clusters grown together in haphazard fashion. No recognizable twins were found. This mineral is monoclinic in crystallization and crystals from all localities are characterized by a rather peculiar general habit, being thick tabular parallel to the base c (001) with a predominance of faces lying in the zone between the front pinacoid a (100) and the side dome Fic. 1.—CRYSTAL OF MIARGYRITE THICK (011). This is especially true of the TABULAR ON ¢ (001) Randsburg material. This habit makes the crystals very hard to orient. Although the basal pinacoid is usually present, this is inclined to the pole. The a (100) pinacoid is the onlv face developed in the prismatic zone and this is usually art.21 MIARGYRITE SILVER ORE FROM CALIFORNIA—-SHANNON 5 so striated as to give very poor signals. Even when the correct orientation is known, this habit makes very precise adjustment on the goniometer almost impossible. Moreover, most of the crystals appear to have been fractured through the center, and the halves, although firmly recemented, are displaced a degree or more with reference to each other. The crystal illustrated in Figure 1 (crystal 1993) is from the speci- men (Cat. No. 95334) of massive miargyrite which furnished the material for analysis. It is typical of those occurring in the vugs in massive ore, although the larger of these are deeply striated and grooved and, being crowded and grown flat against the walls of the cavity, are seldom completely developed. These are somewhat simpler in habit and show a less number of forms than those resting upon quartz druses. This crystal gave the following measurements: Measurements of miargyrite crystal, Figure 1 Form | Symbol Measured Calculated arin Quality description No. Letter Gdt. | Miller ¢ p ¢ p | | | | ° , ° , ° , ° , 1 c 0 OOM Shising= a ate. ay 91 51 8 32 | 90 00 8 37 2 a co LOOK Goodie a == 5. lo: 90.00 | 90 00 | 90 00 | 90 00 3 O —10 TOYS | ane st 90 03 | 39 31 | 90 00 | 39 43 4 A +1 DT ee Gone es 5 pees S| 22; 03° | 71, 43-} 21 18 |.72, 15 5 A +1 Lae sa5e Cole sae terel! 22 Ob rtrh2 AZ 7 2148407215 6 Sk anie'-t-ae ea? bie Goode ea 36 01 | 74 26 | 36 03: 74 28 a | S +21 21s) 2 blurredes tee ja | 35 28 | 73 53 | 36 03 | 74 28 8 d +31 Silla eGooddim=sa.s.— 45 48 | 77 07 | 46 49 | 76 46 9 f +31 ODD bert Goh sete s ee 59 12) 77 30 | 57 32+) 79 33 10 ¢g +41 411 | V. dim, end of zone_|} 50 57 | 78 32 | 54 31 | 78 43 it | -3 413 | Poor, dim________- 49 39 | 56 11 | 50 03 | 56 30 12) » -3 AS ds a2 doseiisiee 27S, 50 48 | 56 11 | 50 03 | 56 30 | 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 74 All of the crystals are strongly striated in two zones. The most prominent set of striations is parallel to the intersections of the faces in the zone 100:011 and the faces of this zone are often rounded by oscillation between the various forms in this zone with many vicinal forms. The striation is more marked in the end of the zone toward the front pina- coid and diminishes toward the opposite end, the form (011) being usually brilliant. Another less prominent series of striae occurs in the zone (100):(001). These two sets of striations are both present on the a (100) face and this together with the tri- angular or inverted keystone shape of the face serves to identify it and to orient the crystal. The crystals implanted on the druses of quartz are some- what more highly modified and vary from those which are thick tabular parallel to the front pinacoid to some which are tabular parallel to the base. Every gradation exists between these two types. The former is illustrated in Figure 2. This crystal gave the following measurements: Fig. 2.—CRYSTAL OF MIARGYRITE THICK TABULAR ON a (100) Measurements of miargyrite crystal, Figure 2 : mo Measured Calculated Form Symbol To fae 7 TF ie i 1 een eSeraps OMe nat No. |Letter| Gdt. | Miller | er iy op ¢ p 1 c 0 001 | Striated, blurred___| 90 01 8 00 | 90 00 8 37 2 a oo) | L00>} ‘Good ==.2.-2 Ree / 90 01 | 90 00 | 90 00 | 90 00 3 a o() 100 | Excellent_________- | 89 41 | 90 01 | 90 00 | 90 00 4 w Ol 011 | Good, minute--_-__- | 3 42 | 70 48 | 2 59) 71 06 Seo] S10} 10L Excellent 272s == | 89 55 | 39 56 | 90 00 | 39 43 art.21 MIARGYRITE SILVER ORE FROM CALIFORNIA—-SHANNON Form | No. = 6 | X ia xX 8 s 9 8 10 | new? 11 d 12 d 13 € 14 fT 15 7 1 i7| G ig| ¢ 19 es Measurements of miargyrite crystal, Figure 2—Continued Quality description Symbol fl Gdt. | Miller Ji) tae +5 2 1 22 +9 1 4:21 | 211 EO oD pT, 7 +51 722 131 | 311 31 | 311 5 +51 | §22 +611] 611 60} Git 11 | 424 +39 | Le +50 | 105 51 pre 33 2S oh <2 33 213 Measured 21 18 38 05 | 36 00 49 05 47 16 47 45 42 17 63 42 | 65 23 16 29 90 09 | 30 35 | 30 17 72 74 74 76 76 76 75 80 56 16 48 | 48 71 § on eo 19 39 | 36 04 | 36 43 | 50 42 | 46 32 | 41 56 | 64 00 | 64 32 | 15 37 | 90 19. | 27 19 | 27 48 48 03 03 59 49 49 18 18 19 00 25 25 7 Calculated 72 05 74 28 74 28 77 48 76 46 76 46 75 39 81 32 $1 32 56 27 The only face which can not be reasonably referred to an established form is: No. 10. Measured 722 calculated Difference PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 These crystals vary gradually to the general type shown in Figure 3, in which the front pinacoid is reduced to a small face and the crystal is distinctly tabular parallel to the basal pinacoid ¢ (001). The crystal of this type measured gave the angles: Fic. 3.—CRYSTAL.OF MIARGYRITE TABULAR ON ¢ (001) Measurements of miargyrite crystal, Figure 3. Form No.| Letter| Gdt. —_ c a J CG. COO FP & os £ 8 | New? 9 | New? Symbol 7 +91 001 100 101 101 O11 O11 mut 722 722 Quality description Striy, doubles=5-- == Palas see se Viva pylines "23 Med. blurred -- -_- Med. blurred_---_-_-_ Narrow line_--_-_--_- P. end of zone-_--—-_ = Eixcellent== 4522 22— (Lab. No. 1992) Measured Calculated 89 90 ot 91 68 48 50 55 40 23 00 48 49 34 09 18 90 91 48 38 70 70 82 ae 77 53 00 36 09 30 20 21 46 16 90 90 90 90 67 50 50 00 00 00 00 | 59 59 31 59 59 ° 90 48 39 71 71 77 77 37 00 37 43 06 06 31 48 48 ART.21 MIARGYRITE SILVER ORE FROM CALIFORNIA—-SHANNON 9 Measurements of miargyrite crystal, Figure 3—Continued Form | Symbol Measured | Calculated eet el) be Quality description |————--———_|__ No.| Letter) Gat. | Miller ave Oy ’ ; 10 | New? +a 733 | Excellent_______-_- 37 53 | 75 16 | 40 02 | 75 15 11 | New? +H ers) So OUG ie 5 a ele hs 39 25 | 74 38 | 40 02 | 75 15 4 12 | New? +3l Asso Excellent = === eee 24 45 | 72 15 | 26 41 | 72 56 | 4 | 13 | New? +31 ASS iiss =e 2 Goze ee Mite 24 59 | 72.15 | 26 41 | 72 56 14 Bealls 1 tb 2) |) Poor rounded222_ — 78 18 | 86 00 | 78 57 | 86 14 15| k +5 Wea Goud. 2-8 ee 19 30 | 56 34| 15 19 | 56 27 11 | 160). k +49 2A Ese dos. eee es 18 07 57 05 | 15, 19) | 56527 | | 21 =< ae | Hod 17 é 7199 ON Silvie ie eee 28 44 | 47 34 | De DO) Ales 21 = <= ons is} le —33 DASE ZOOL TON tee ae 25 16 | 47 34 | 27 25 | 47 32 | Of the faces measured on this crystal three forms, represented by two faces each, are apparently new, although the quality of the faces is such that it can not be positively asserted the indices derived for these are correct. They are: INGSS Set = eee nee ee ee i ee ¢=48 09 p= 246 INO ROE Rat ee Sapte eee tar ha Nl Se Se 50 18 ae 16 ISVEL RECS ieee ay ere ne Pa eS 49 14 Gh Mou (22, CRlCNISRtCOH eae sac 8S Se SOLE ET 50 59 77 48 WWitlenencewses sae ee Re ee ke ee Alea (NS (Vy ALL ING pl Ses eer ge es eee ee C—oloe p=75 16 Nr ST et ee ee ee Nae A 39 25 74 38 IA VCDAP Cre te pee ne al El gd aie A 2 38 39 74 57 oORCAl CULAUCGP ae sees sere ee ae 40 02 (Omalo DETECT Cena ee ee eS A= 23 A= 0 18 ING ali eet ees ee Ree ea CL UTS g=24 45 pie Ld IN Gill peer ee aes See Se CEN ee 24 59 (ea Als AN Crap Glee. sts cosa SEE a Sele 24 52 7 415 ASBiCAl CUulabed et sass Sle eee oe 26 41 72 56 Difference shes oo Se es ee Be A= 49 A Oa 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 The recognition of the crystal form of a “ruby silver” mineral may be of importance in identifying the mineral and consequently in estimating the probable silver content of the ore. The crystals of miargyrite (36.9 per cent silver) are readily distinguished from those of pyrargyrite (59.9 per cent silver), proustite (65.4 per cent silver), and polybasite (75.6 per cent silver). All of these have a red streak and pass under the name ruby silver. O TWO NEW FROGS FROM JAMAICA By Emmerr Rem Dunn When in Jamaica in 1925 I saw very little of the southeastern part of the island, which was known to differ somewhat from the rest, and to harbor a lizard, Anolis lineatopus, not found elsewhere. Recently C. R. Orcutt has been collecting in that region, chiefly at Arntully, in St. Thomas Parish. There, besides Anolis lineatopus, he has taken a number of frogs, two of which are new and will be described hereinafter. His frogs include, besides the new species, Hyla brunnea, Eleu- therodactylus luteolus, and EF. grabhami. The Zuteolus show marked approach to nubicola of the higher Blue Mountains and make it ap- pear best to regard the latter, as well as gossei of the western moun- tains, as subspecies of Juteolus. The grabhamé include adult females which reach a length of 34 mm. The two new frogs are related to L. jamaicensis Barbour, and per- haps through Z. montanus of Hispaniola to the auriculatus group of Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles. The Jamaicans differ, however, in the absence of the coarse granulations of the belly which the frogs of this group have in the other islands. The two new ones differ from all Antillean or other / leutherodactylus in the extent of webbing of the toes. ELEUTHERGDACTYLUS ORCUTTI, new species Type.—Cat. No. 73866, U.S.N.M., adult female. Paratypes: Nos. 73867-70, U.S.N.M. Type locality —Arntully, St. Thomas Parish, Jamaica. Diagnosis—An Eleutherodactylus with well-developed digital disks, small scattered warts above, smooth below, vomerine series medium, toes 24 webbed, two phalanges of IV free; tympanum (of female) 34 eye; of male equals eye. Description —Cat. No. 73866, U.S.N.M. adult female. Head as broad as long, broader than body; distance between anterior corner of eye and nostril less than diameter of eye, equal to interorbitat No. 2767.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. 74, ART. 22. 15684—28 2 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T4 space, twice distance between nostril and snout; canthus rostralis blunt; lores feebly concave; tympanum 34 the diameter of the eye, separated from the eye by half its own diameter; heels not meeting when appressed; heel reaches anterior corner of eye; disks of fingers and toes well developed; disk of finger III equals 14 tympanum; toes webbed at base and fringed; toe IV with two phalanges free of web; no tarsal fold; two metatarsal tubercles; small irregular warts above; smooth below; vomerine teeth in short series beginning below inner corner of nares, separated from its fellow by half its own length; dark mottled gray above, light gray below; base and hind side of thigh light (yellow in life?) ; length, 38 mm. Variation.—A male (Cat. No. 73867, U.S.N.M.), has the tympa- num equal in diameter to the eye; mottling above in form of cross- bars; a light interocular bar; no light on thighs; length, 29 mm. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS CUNCTATOR, new species Lype.—Cat. No. 73865, U.S.N.M., adult female. Type locality —Arntully, St. Thomas Parish. Diagnosis —An Eleutherodactylus with well-developed digital disks; smooth above and below; vomerine series medium; toes 14 webbed, two phalanges of IV free; tympanum (of female) 1% eye. Description—Cat. No. 73865, U.S.N.M., adult female. Head as long as broad, narrower than body; eye to nostril less than diameter of eye, equal to interorbital width, twice distance between nostril and snout; canthus rostralis blunt; lores teebly concave; typanum 1% eye; eye to typanum nearly equal to tympanum; heels not meeting when appressed; heel reaches anterior corner of eye; disks of fin- gers and toes well developed; disk of finger III nearly equal to tympanum; toes webbed and fringed; web reaches to next to last joint of toe IV; no tarsal fold; two metatarsal tubercles; skin smooth above and below; a glandular line from upper eyelid obliquely down and back onto sides; vomerine teeth in two short series, beginning behind inner corner of nares, separated from its fellow by half its own length; black above, mottled obscurely with brown; grayish brown below; length, 37 mm. O MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY OF CERRO MERCADO, DURANGO, MEXICO By Witt1am F. Fosmac Assistant Curator, United States National Museum INTRODUCTION Cerro Mercado, near Durango, contains Mexico’s chief domestic supply of iron ore. The existence of these deposits has been known since 1552, and there have sprung up many fanciful estimates of their importance. The “Cerro” is still often referred to as “a mountain of iron,” an exaggeration that rests upon old and super- ficial examinations. It is, however, a deposit of considerable magni- ture, and this, together with its long history, invites attention and a number of descriptions of it have appeared. Most of these are brief and inaccurate. Bulletin No. 44 of the Instituto Geolégico de Mexico “1 Cerro de Mercado, Durango,” however, is a detailed and impor- tant contribution upon which the present writer has freely drawn. The present paper is based largely upon information collected dur- ing a summer of field work in 1926, during which time six days were spent on Cerro Mercado and a few days in the surrounding areas. The investigation was undertaken under the joint auspices of the United States National Museum and the Mineralogical Museum of Harvard University and was made possible by a grant from the Holden fund of the latter institution. The writer is deeply indebted to Prof. Charles Palache, of Harvard University, for his very kind interest in this work. Grateful acknowledgment must also be made to Sefiors Manuel Rangel, manager, and Garcia, mine superintend- ent, for the Compafiia Fundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey, S.A., at Durango, for the privilege of visiting the deposit and for furnishing much assistance and information relative to the ore oc- currence; and to David J. D. Myers, American consul at Durango, for his interest in the investigation. Some questions of interest and importance have been left without adequate solution since the press of urgent business necessitated the immediate return of the writer to Washington after a week spent in Durango. No. 2768.—PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEuM, VOL. 74, ART. 23 je788-28——— 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 LOCATION The city of Durango, capital of the State of Durango, is in the southern part of the State. Four railroad lines enter the city; one from the east joining the main line of the Mexican Central Railroad at Torreon; one in the west from Salta, a lumbering station in the Sierra Madre Mountains; another in the north from a mining dis- trict in the Sierras, Tepehuanes; and the last one in the southeast again connecting with the Mexican Central line at Canitas. The Salta line is planned to eventually extend to Mazatlan, a seaport on the Pacific coast; while the Tepehuanes branch will be advanced through the rich mining district of northern Durango and southern Chihuahua to Parral. The city of Durango is located at the western edge of the valley of Guadiana, through which, about 8 kilometers from the city, flows the Rio Tunal. To the east and south lie rich meadows and ranches, while to the north and west the mountains rise step on step to the crest of the Sierra Madre Range. Looking from the town the two most important eminences are Cerro de los Remedios to the west and Cerro de Mercado to the north. One can also see, away to the south, the tilted pine-clad slope of Sierra Colorado. From the summit of Cerro de los Remedios the surrounding country can be scanned in all directions. To the east lie the city and the valley of Guadiana, to the west a series of smooth sloping benches—faulted volcanic flows rising step upon step. To the north are the farms of the valley, the low-lying lava flows of Cerro Sanctuario, and the abrupt slopes and ore cliffs of Cerro Mercado. Cerro Mercado from the south appears as a long ridge with a steep and turreted mass of iron ore, Picacho de la Cruz at its eastern end and a gentler peak, Picacho Socavon 4, at its western end. Between these are two gentle domes of iron ore, Cordon Rangel to the west and Picacho Sur to the east. (Pl. 1.) The western slope is also steep, with Picacho Socavon 4 at the southern end and Picacho Socavon 2 at the northern end. The northern slopes are gentler and more irregular and melt away to the northward into a long ridge called El Pedrigoso. Cerro Mercado has a length of 1,500 meters and rises 175 meters above the valley floor. At the time of the writer’s visit (September) the hill was clothed in vegetation. On the southern slope, especially near the summit, erows an open grove of nopales (Opuntia), at that time in abundant fruit. These fruits, zwnas, form an important article of food for many of the native inhabitants. At the base of the hill are a few scattered mesquite trees. The northern slope is bare of larger plant forms, although it is covered with small shrubs and especially with a mat of long grass, so thick as to almost completely mask the rocks ART. 23 DURANGO MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY—FOSHAG 3 and to make progress and geological study difficult. About the foot of the Cerro are cultivated fields of beans or pasture lands. HISTORY OF THE DEPOSIT - Shortly after Cortez had conquered Mexico and its environs he dispersed his captains to the outlying provinces of Mexico. One expedition leaving Acapulco invaded California, while others founded towns in Sonora, Sinaloa, and penetrated Zacatecas and New Mexico. All these expeditions brought back tales of the marvelous richness of the country, among which was a report of a mountain carrying abundant silver and gold. In 1552 the Governor of New Galicia (Jalisco) sent Genes Vasquez de Mercado to conquer the valley of Guadiana and investigate the reports of this mountain of silver and gold. Mercado procured the services of an Indian who assured him that he knew the place and after some days spent on the way arrived at the indicated hill, found no gold or silver, but a huge mass of iron ore; the search proving futile, Mercado began his return, but the band was attacked by hostile Indians, at which time Mer- cado was mortally wounded. In 1563 the town of Durango was established by Francisco de Ibarra.* The presence of so much iron ore led many, under the belief that it constituted a gossan, to prospect the hill for gold and silver, while its possibilities as a source of iron remained untouched until 1828, when an English company under the patronage of the Governor of Durango, constructed iron works on the banks of the Tunal River at a spot known as Piedras Azules. Prior to this, planters from the neighboring farms succeeded in smelting the ore from Cerro Mer- cado in simple Catalonian furnaces for the iron that they needed to cultivate their fields.’ . In 1881 the Iron Mountain Co. was organized and established reduction works at the foot of the hill. In 1885 this company sold its holdings to the Mexican Iron Mountain Manufacturing Co. of Des Moines, and in 1888 it was again sold to the Durango Iron & Steel Co. During this period some iron was smelted with charcoal, but the high costs, especially of transportation, for the nearest rail- road point was Torreon 150 miles to the east, made operations unprofitable.® With the advent of the railroad to Durango and the acquisition of the iron deposits by the Compania Fundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey, the deposits were actively developed and under the direc- 1Fr. Francisco Frejes, Historia breve de la Conquista de los Estados independientes del Imperio Mexicano. Quoted by Frederico Weidner. Annales del Ministerio de Fomento, Mexico, vol. 3, p. 164, 1877. 2 John Birkenbine, Amer. Inst. Min. Engrs., vol. 13, pp. 196-7, 1884. ’ Private communication to the writer by John S. McCaughan, of Durango. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 tion of Sefior Manuel Rangel, became the chief iron ore producer of Mexico. GENERAL GEOLOGY The geology of the northern plateau region of Mexico falls into two main divisions: (1) Mesozoic sedimentary rocks with rare and scattered intrusions of granodiorite, diorite, and other injected forms, and (2) Tertiary volcanic flows and tuffs with minor areas of later sediments. Along the line of the Mexican Central Railroad both types are encountered, this being in a rough way the line of demarcation of those areas predominantly of Mesozoic rocks and those of Tertiary rocks. To the east Cretaceous sediments abound almost to the entire exclusion of the eruptive rocks of later age, while to the west the sedimentary formations rapidly give way to flows and tufts of Tertiary age. Along the railroad from Torreon, to Durango limestone is promi- nently exposed and can be found at Torreon and for some distance to the west. At Velardena, limestone with intrusions of granodio- rite, diorite, alaskaite, and other rocks are abundant and Tertiary eruptive rocks cap many of the hills and ranges. Farther west the sediments become less and less prominent until at Durango they have given way entirely to rhyolite, latite, and tuff. From Durango west, across the Sierra Madre Range, the rocks are all eruptive and are largely rhyolitic in character. The Sierra Madre Mountains are built up of successive flows of eruptive lavas. On the east they le directly upon folded slates; upon the west they overlie older andesite and more rarely granite. These eruptive rocks are capped in many places throughout the Sierra Madre by later basalts. The order of succession as given by Weed‘ is (1) andesite, (2) trachyte, (3) granite, (4) dacite, (5) rhyolite, and (6) basalt. The rocks in the immediate vicinity of Cerro Mercado are entirely volcanic and include, according to A. R. Martinez-Quintero,’ crystal tuff (Cerro Santuario and Cerros de los Presos), rhyolite tuff (Cerro de los Remedios, Cerro Frey Diego), lithoidal rhyolite (Cerro de los Remedios), lithophysal rhyolite (Cerro del Calvario) and _latite (Cerro de San Antonio). SPECIAL GEOLOGY The rocks of Cerro Mercado can be divided into three types: (1) latite, (2) rhyolite tuff, and (8) rhyolite. (See fig. 1.) Of these latite is the lowest in the sequence, tuff intermediate, and rhyolite the topmost member. The latite is well exposed on the western and southern slopes to the crest of the hill but is absent from the northern 4 Amer. Inst. Min. Eng. Trans., vol. 32, p. 458, 1902. 5 Hl Cerro de Mercado, Durango, Bol. 44, Inst. Geol. Mexico, pp. 21-39, 1923. ART. 23 DURANGO MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY—FOSHAG 5 slopes. It is uncovered by the excavation of the fo/va on the western slope and can be conveniently studied there. About the ore bodies it is often altered to a pyroxenitic rock or strongly hydrated to a soft clayey mass that still retains its original structure. Above the latite lies rhyolite tuff, fine grained or made up of frag- ments that do not greatly exceed 1 inch in size. This borders the hill 500m MERCADO Topography after A.Acevedo Geology by W.F.Foshag Durango Mexico 100m 300m CERRO Fic, 1.—MaAp or Cprro MmRCADO on OFPICE ite uviua cere eae pe on the north and east with a small patch or two on the south slope below Picacho de la Cruz. This is well exposed by workings at the Socavon de la Cueva. The rhyolite is confined to the lower northern slopes extending to an unknown distance to the north, where it follows the ridge of El Pedrigoso. Rhyolite also occurs in a small hill a short distance east of Cerro Mercado, known as Cerro del Almagre, and in another small hill a short distance south of the main mass. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Two main faults have been noted, although it is probable that there are more that are less evident. The more prominent fault strikes northeasterly, bordering the ore bodies of Cordon Rangel. Picacho Sur, and Picacho de la Cruz on the south and is responsible for the steep southern slope of the hill. This fault is postulated in large part upon physiographic evidence and upon the fact that the small patches of tuff at the foot of Picacho de la Cruz may be best explained as small down-faulted portions of the tuff of the northern slope. A second fault strikes in an almost exactly northerly direction, bounding the iron-ore bodies of Picacho Socavons 4, 1, and 2 on the east and separating the ore body of Picacho Socavon 1 from that of Cordon Rangel. This fault has been encountered in Socavon 1 at a distance of 150 meters from its portal, where it abruptly terminates the ore body. The fault plane is sharp, without much slickensiding but with a considerable brecciation of the ore. PETROLOGY Latite-—The latite forms a fine-grained rock of a vinaceous gray color (92142). The groundmass is aphanitic, often with numerous irregular gas cavities that contain minute corroded quartz crystals or small plates of specular hematite. The phenocrysts, seldom exceed- ing 5 millimeters in length, are in part glassy feldspar and in part a feldspar partially or completely altered to sericite or kaolin. An- other mineral that may be detected with a hand lens is iron ore, pre- sumably magnetite, the result of the magmatic alteration of the pyroxene of the rock. No phenocrysts of quartz were observed. In thin sections of the rock the groundmass, while indistinctly bire- fracting in places, appears to be largely glass. Throughout this eroundmass there are the usual numerous microlites, the larger ones being chiefly the magnetite residues of resorbed pyroxene. ‘The phenocrysts are orthoclase with a small optical axial angle or feld- spars now completely or partially altered to a birefracting mass. In the specimens studied most of the feldspar phenocrysts have the op- tical properties of orthoclase but smaller amounts are andesine. No twinning was noted in the plagioclase. Martinez-Quintero’ describes the latite as being somewhat variable in the proportion of its feld- spars, some specimens having the orthoclase predominant, in others plagioclase is the chief feldspar. Besides the small altered pyroxene crystals in the groundmass there are numerous larger ones in the form of phenocrysts but the original mineral is now entirely de- stroyed leaving only magnetite. Near Pozo de Aguacera is a glassy 6 The numbers refer to the catalogue number of the specimens. 7Inst. Geol. Mexico, Bol. 44, p. 238, 1923. ART. 23 DURANGO MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY—FOSHAG fia op latite (92143) colored mottled brown and black, with prominent brownish feldspar phenocrysts up to 8 millimeters in size. The groundmass is a brown perlitic glass with very minute microlites. Throughout the groundmass are scattered phenocrysts of both ortho- clase and plagioclase. The orthoclase is variable in its optical axial angle, in a few grains it is small but many have a large angle. The plagioclase is andesine. Twinning is not very prominent in the plagioclase but does occur in some grains as very fine striae. Augite is present in irregular to subhedral grains with a pleochroism of ¢= brownish green and a=brown. Tuff —The tuff ranges from buff-colored fine-grained rocks with a harsh feel to brick-red forms with fragments over 1 centimeter in size (92146). The original fragments are all strongly altered. Under the microscope the groundmass is amorphous except where it carries abundant secondary chalcedony as radiating globules or masses. The rock fragments are made up of a very fine birefracting substance thought to be montmorillonite or a similar clay mineral. The finer grained tuff from the base of Picacho de la Cruz (92145) shows under the microscope a complete crystalline structure of interlocking grains of quartz, some bright-green grains of augite, a few flakes of muscovite, and rarely some feldspar. This tuff has undoubtedly been recrystallized and largely silicified. Rhyolite—The rhyolite (92144) forms a vinaceous to cinnamon- red rock with numerous glassy phenocrysts of quartz and smaller ones of feldspar in an aphanitic groundmass. Small grass-green augites occur in some of the more chalky streaks and are often ar- ranged in small circular masses. The groundmass, as seen under the microscope, is made up of interlocking grains and apparently has been somewhat recrystallized and silicified. The chief constituents are quartz and orthoclase. In some parts the grass-green augite is abundant in thin veinlets. About these veinlets the rock is some- what recrystallized. Hematite in thin hexagonal scales occurs rarely. ROCK ALTERATIONS The common type of wall-rock alteration is a “ kaolinitization ” and is often accompanied by the introduction of much diopside. This hydration is strongly developed in Socavon 4, after this adit has passed through the iron-ore body. The remainder of the adit is . entirely in a completely altered latite. The texture of the original rock is well retained, the small feldspar phenocrysts are easily observable, but the entire mass is now hydrated to a soft claylike mineral. Under the microscope this mineral appears as matted small shreds with a strong birefringence and with a mean index of 1.49. A partial analysis of a sample of the pure mineral gave: Water 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 19.22, silica 51-20, alumina 16.15, giving an approximate alumina- silica ratio of 1:5. The mineral is therefore montmorillonite.® Small patches of diopside are scattered through much of this mate- rial, or the diopside may be in such abundance that the resulting rock is largely this mineral. In much of this pyroxenized material the diopside is arranged in radiating groups. Small octahedrons of magnetite are scattered through the groundmass and some streaks carry abundant honey-yellow crystals of titanite. The groundmass often carries later gypsum in small clear cleavage plates and some dispersed calcite. Bluish-colored chalcedony is sometimes observed and there are also occasional masses and veins of quartz visible. All gradations can be found from the slightly altered latite to almost pure diopside rock so that there can be little doubt concerning the nature and origin of this “ pyroxenite.” Plate 3 shows a breccia of latite partially replaced by the dark-colored diopside. The resid- ual latite fragments are now largely altered to montmorillonite. At the point called Labores de la Cueva a similar type of altera- tion is encountered. The brecciated character of the rock is well shown there. The dark-gray matrix of the fragments consists largely of calcite and magnetite. (Pl. 4.) Occasional crystals of diopside are observed and rarely crystals of zircon. There are small veins of calcite or vugs lined with the same mineral. The alteration of this type is similar to that of the latite described above, but pyroxeniza- tion is very much less pronounced and calcification much further advanced. On the west slope of El Pedrigosa, immediately north of the main ridge of Cerro Mercado, the rhyolite is extensively silicified, usually with a complete obliteration of all structure of the original rock, though rarely containing some of the original quartz phenocrysts of the rhyolite. The material so silicified may be either compact and porcelainlike or it may be soft and friable or again hard and vuggy. Under the microscope the rock is fine grained and made up largely of small radiating spherulites of chalcedony, with the interstices filled with opal. Some quartz seems to be present, although the fine grain of the aggregate precludes its definite determination. Many of the individual grains are sharp cornered, suggesting that they may be pseudomorphous after some other mineral, perhaps calcite or adularia, but no unaltered mineral could be detected. ‘This mate- rial is mined and used for siliceous furnace linings. It consists of 97.7 per cent silica and over 2 per cent water, with other constituents in very minor amounts. 8 The Minerals of Bentonite and Related Clays and Their Physical Properties. Clarence S. Ross and Earl V. Shannon. ~3urn. Amer. Ceramic Soc., vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 77-96, 1926. rrp ART. 23 DURANGO MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY—”™ “HAG 9 MINERALOGY The mineralogy of the iron deposits of Cerro Mercado is compara- tively simple. The iron minerals are in very large excess over the other minerals and consist almost entirely of the pseudomorphous variety of hematite known as martite. Other iron minerals are incon- spicuous in the deposit; they may actually be said to be rare. Asso- ciated minerals are not abundant. The iron ore forms a mass of con- siderable purity and the accessory minerals are found only in the vugs and cracks of this ore. In addition to the chief ore mineral, martite, there are also goethite and limonite; and the accessory minerals include apatite, dahllite, an unknown phosphate mineral, hedenbergite, sepiolite, quartz, chal- cedony, opal (variety hyalite), titanite, calcite, and barite. Other minerals have been listed from this locality but some of them have certainly been erroneous determinations, while others, such as topaz, have come from neighboring localities but not from Cerro Mercado itself. Martite—All of the ore that is found in well-defined crystalline form belongs to the pseudomorphous variety of hematite called mar- tite. This leads to the reasonable assumption that the massive mate- rial is of the same nature. At Penascos de la Industria it is hard and firm with numerous cavities lined with well-formed or flattened octahedral crystals (92151). Martite crystals up to 2 and 3 inches across have been found here. The octahedrons are frequently flat- tened and then resemble stout rhombohedral crystals of hematite. Twins among the flattened crystals are common; sometimes larger crystals show several smaller individuals in twinned position along the edges. In the finer grained ore of Picacho Socavon® 1 (92160) one can readily distinguish the small constituent octahedrons of martite under the binocular microscope. PARAGENESIS The first definite step in the formation of the ores of Cerro Mer- cado was a brecciation of the country rock. This brecciation can be best seen in the old workings on the north side of Picacho Norte at the point called Labores de la Cueva and from which the specimen illustrated on Plate 4 was obtained. The groundmass is now com- pletely altered, or nearly so, to a mixture of calcite and magnetite with minor amounts of diopside. One may also find here partially altered fragments of wall rock coated over with a thin crust of martite crystals. This brecciation may also be observed in a number of places along the western contact of the ore. The effects here are illustrated in the figure on Plate 3 illustrating the alteration of the fragments of brecciated latite to a pyroxene (diopside) rock. Following this brecciation came the introduction of magnetite and minor amounts of calcite. Apatite and diopside began to form later in this same stage, and continued after the complete crystallization of the hematite. This was followed again by brecciation leaving much of the ore in a badly broken condition and with numerous broken apatite crystals which were cemented by later quartz, calcite, and sepiolite. A still further stage was hydrothermal in character, its chief effects being an introduction of silica and the alteration of some of the minerals already formed. In this stage magnetite (or martite) was hydrated to goethite; colorless apatite and dahllite were formed; small amounts of quartz, calcite, and barite were introduced and in places a considerable development of sepiolite took place. Later changes were of minor importance and only feebly devel- oped. Chalcedony was introduced in small amounts, to be followed later by opal, and finally, as a secondary effect due to surface weath- ering, a small amount of limonite formed. The various steps in the paragenesis of these ore bodies may be tabulated as follows: Brecciation of the country rock. Introduction of magnetite. Introduction of apatite and diopside. Brecciation of the ore. Formation of goethite. Formation of (1) sepiolite, (2) colorless apatite, dahllite, quartz, calcite, and barite. Formation of chalcedony. Formation of opal. Formation of limonite. Concerning one of the most important steps of the sequence—the conversion of magnetite to hematite—we have as yet no data. It is the writers’ opinion that this took place after the brecciation of the ART. 23 DURANGO MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY—FOSHAG 17: ore and during the hydrothermal stage that resulted in the forma- tion of the sepiolite, quartz,,calcite, and barite. It is possible that the brecciation of the ore was due to this conversion of magnetite to hematite, since there is a small diminution of volume involved in this change. Many of the broken surfaces seem quite fresh, others are somewhat altered. Few, if any, show a development of goethite upon them. ORES The ores of Cerro Mercado are as already stated essentially all martite, although other minerals of iron are encountered in minor amounts. The ores as mined contain 65 to 68 per cent of iron and while they are quite high in phosphorus, they are practically wanting in sulphur and titanium. Manganese is present in essentially negli- gible amounts. Its exceptionally high content of iron means that there is practically no gangue mineral in the ore and indeed an inspection shows nothing more than a very small amount of silica and apatite. The chief workings are at the southwestern corner of the hill where a cliff of iron ore rises from the valley. At this place, called Penascos de la Industria, the iron ore is hard, has numerous cavities lined with octahedrons of martite, but carries no other minerals except very minor amounts of goethite, and apatite. The goethite lines the cavi- ties and coats the martite while the apatite is found as small white needles. The ore is dark steel gray in color and of the highest grade. Martite ore, Penascos de la Industria Forest A. Gonyer, analyst Seen ee Re, ies lglg oY 0 yal deel A ea sh 0. 72 Ty (0) eee 38S AE NOTES» | Sv (Ey eee ee Se ee ee Trace Os @ sere tek ow Cae > ae ee cy OS NGA NSE Ogee et Ti ee _ None FA Ogeeeres fot a ee ae eee AP (4a EC) eee oe feo Se 2 oes ere oe oe 31 OO aie Pi) et By EAD Ee IEE 9 AS WaOere 2846 ton by “ie eet sc None. 100.18 The locality on the west flank of the Picacho Socavon 4, called Cueva de la Marmaja, is also being actively worked and produces high-grade ore. Here the mineral is a friable sandy mass made up almost entirely of small black octahedrons of martite. The softer material is a black sand that can easily be picked down, while the somewhat more compact ore is spongy and friable. Occasional hard lenses owe their superior resistance to a siliceous cement. In color the ore is dark bluish to greenish black which sometimes show numer- 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 ous small brilliant yellow crystals of apatite, apparently contempo- raneous with the martite. An analysis of this ore yielded the fol- lowing results: ; Iron Ore, Picacho Socavon 4 Forest A. Gonyer, analyst Sas he SE OT aad ae O52. PSMgOse0 5: Aietet ee “uae see 0. 20 PIG e eee: dqce ee pal at OR AS) We MEO) a ob odo: EGS. Peg ee None Weg 2 ok hs da et Meee Se iele SOGOU POg 25 Ais ban) a eee None. Uae. Se 2 ae ee ee Ob Of EN ae 8 Pe aan re ee 19 WeaOet fo Strela. Via Veter genet 4.88 -——— Cae ss eee a ew erie 2.56 100. 01 Later examination of the specimen analyzed showed it to be ab- normally rich in apatite and accounts for the high phosphate value. The iron content calculated to metallic iron is 64.41 per cent. From Picacho Socavon 2, the ore is less crystalline and more com- pact. Here it is massive, with only a few small vugs, 1s dark steel gray to brilliant iron black in color and is hard and tough. Except for small druses and thin seams of quartz no other mineral was noted except that on polished surface the small vugs are seen to be lined with a thin coating or goethite and a few small patches, apparently former cavities, are now completely filled with that mineral. An analysis of this ore gave the following: Iron Ore, Picacho Socavon 2 Forest A. Gonyer, analyst SLORY SEO 5 Wee ie cieat 0:44 Meir ts ab Pe age 0. 20 Oa 3 es Bail 4 day! Bip ciel ag, Notes |) MiG 5) ola Mg es ea fee a None. WOO Sle en S18 se leah S0440 fs Oe dace oe! Says ees eee eee None. bAN (ponent ae le LEY erage ae 4:92. (Ee Ons. as Sane, hee eee 19 CD 2d 2 aye ie Bn adeno ead Lee 58 ; AGGIE R eS I Ss a ed ta ata sb 08 100.01 Besides the ores now being mined the so-called boleo ore flanking the hill on several sides was of importance in the early days of smelt- ing. This ore consists of pebbles and bowlders of detrital ore, in some places loosely cemented, in others loose and gravelly. It con- sists largely of hematite in the form of pebbles or as loose martite crystals, often superficially converted to limonite or coated and ce- mented by the latter mineral. Because of its lower phosphorus con- tent, this ore is said to be very high grade and is therefore particu- larly desirable. ; ORE BODIES There are four main masses of iron ore at Cerro Mercado, The one now being actively worked flanks the hill on the west, forming a prominent ridge and has a length of 800 meters and a maximum ART. 23 DURANGO MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY—-FOSHAG 19 width of 150 meters, with a thickness as near as can now be judged not exceeding 60 meters. Its outcrops form prominent clifflike ex- posures 30 to 40 meters high. Viewed from the south this ore body appears to be a tabular mass with a general dip to the west. Its con- tact with the country rock on the east is sharp, due to the well defined fault that borders it. On the west the ore body passes abruptly into numerous anastamosing veins so that its border has the general ap- pearance of a breccia with a cement of ore. This ore body is prob- ably made up of two segments; the main one including Picachos Socavon 1, 2, and 4; and a down faulted segment that forms the ore of the Penascos de la Industria. Socavon 1 which penetrates this ore body begins at its contact with the latite at an elevation of 1,950 meters above sea level and passes through 150 meters of solid iron ore and then enters a wide zone of highly altered latite for the rest of its length (225 meters). Another adit, Socavon 2 begins at the contact of the ore at an elevation 1,975 and is driven east and north for a considerable distance and is en- tirely in solid ore. The other ore bodies have not been explored but their size can easily be judged from their prominent outcrops. Immediately east of the ore body now being worked is a broad tilted tabular mass of ore that caps Cordon Rangel. This body, roughly circular in outline has a diameter of about 250 meters. Socavon 1 passes directly under this ore capping but after leaving the western ore body is in altered latite for the rest of its length. It can reasonably be concluded that this ore body is tabular in form and probably does not exceed 40 meters in thickness. Further east and capping the central portion of the hill is the ore body of Picachos Sur and Norte. Its southern outcrop is bold; to the north it merges into the smoother slopes. Some old workings on the north side of this body show that the rock has been considerably brecciated and later cemented by the calcite, magnetite, and augite. The southern part, however, is of firm iron ore of high grade. This body is probably tabular in form with a slight dip to the north. The easternmost ore body is that of Picacho de la Cruz and Relices Prieto where the iron ore forms bold castellated outcrops of pure mineral. It is apparently faulted into several segments but lack of any work on it precludes determination of its true form. Several minor bodies occur at the northern foot of Picacho Socavon 2 of which the most interesting is that of Socavon de la Cueva. ‘This ore body has been opened by several adits and shows fine flaky hematite as bedlike schliers in a soft tuff. These schliers are con- tinuous for considerable distances. Farther north, at the small knoll of iron ore called Picacho Rangel the ore is similar to the ore of the main deposits but the country rock is rhyolite instead of latite. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 SIMILAR DEPOSITS In some respects the iron ores of Cerro Mercado are unique in that they are deposits of the first importance connected with extrusive volcanic rocks of Tertiary age. There are, however, a few minor iron-ore occurrences of this type, and some of the features of the famous Kiirunavaara deposits of Sweden as described by Per Geijer, Stutzer, and others are similar. Minor developments of hematite in some of the rhyolites of Tertiary age, especially when associated with tin, are common in Durango and other parts of Mexico but are of only mineralogical interest and are perhaps of somewhat different origin. In this case the iron mineral is always specular hematite and never martite. The iron-ore deposits of Barth, Nev., described by J. Claude Jones 1# are remarkably similar to the Cerro Mercado. Like them the ores are found in Tertiary eruptive rocks of andesitic character. The iron mineral is hematite. Apatite is present and there is a de- velopment of biotite along the walls. The boundary of the ore and the andesite wall is sharp; that is, without gradation of ore to wall rock, but the ore extends into the footwall as anastamosing veins, cementing the included fragments of the andesite into a breccialike mass. Where the veins are particularly abundant the fragments are changed in color to a deep green and contain much biotite in an indefinite matrix. Clusters of apatite radiate from the angles of the andesite fragments and phlogopite is particularly abundant in their vicinity. The ore is massive and compact hematite, through which are disseminated euhedral crystals of apatite. It is somewhat magnetic but little or no magnetite can be detected. This is an almost exact description of Cerro Mercado ores with the augite of Cerro Mercado in place of the biotite of Barth. Such close similarity argues for a close relationship. The martite deposits of Twin Peaks, Millard County, Utah, de- scribed by Horace Patton? are also closely related to those of Cerro Mercado. The country rock is a light colored rhyolite with abundant phenocrysts of quartz and some biotite and hornblende. It is a very massive rock but only exceptionally is it fresh. It is cut in different directions by sharply defined veins of martite which vary in width from 1 inch to 7 or 8 feet. Associated with this martite are two other minerals—apatite and augite. The apatite crystals, originally white and quite transparent, are small, rarely over an inch or more. The pyroxene occurs in slender crystals of a black color. Specimens of these augite crystals now in the National Museum are exactly 14 Economic geology, vol. 8 pp. 247-263, 1913. 1° Martite Crystals from Twin Peaks, Millard County, Utah. Colorado School of Mines, Quart., vol. 2, pp. 7-13, 1907. ART. 23 DURANGO MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY—FOSHAG 21 similar in habit and twinning to those of Cerro Mercado. The martite veins are sometimes open fissures with the two walls lined with crystals. In other cases the veins are brecciated, the fissure partially filled with rhyolite fragments now coated with martite crystals. In the occurrence of the martite with rhyolitic rocks, the presence of apatite and augite, and in the brecciated nature of some of the veins with the breccia fragments coated with martite crystals, this deposit is similar to those of Cerro Mercado. The resemblance between Cerro Mercado and Kiirunavaara, Fin- land, has been suggested by Per Geijer !° but since definite data at that time were lacking no real conclusions could be drawn. Like Cerro Mercado the ore deposits of Kiirunavaara are sheetlike bodies in acid volcanic rocks, here largely syenites and quartz porphyries; whether extrusive or intrusive is still a mooted question. Lund- bohm, Backstrom, and Geijer regard them as fiows, while Stutzer and Daly believe them to be intrusive rocks. ‘The ore mineral is magnetite, and only to a small extent is it mixed with hematite. In the exposures on “ Professorn,” however, hematite is abundant and the ore is unusually porous and is believed by both Stutzer and Geijer to be secondary. Minerals other than magnetite are quite rare in the entire field; the most abundant of these extraneous minerals being apatite. The amounts vary from masses of pure magnetite to others of pure apatite but the main mass of ore does not average over 1 to 2 per cent. Pyroxene and hornblende are present in much smaller amounts. Sulphur seldom exceeds 0.05, titanium varies between 0.04 and 0.80 but may reach 1.36 in Luossavaara. Other minerals noted are calcite, quartz, biotite, tourmaline, asbestos, and siderite. The tenor of the ore is very high, varying from 65 to 70 per cent. As a rule the contacts between the ore and the country rock are sharp and often without noticeable alteration of the inclosing rock. Often, however, the country is penetrated for a distance of several meters by a complex system of anastamosing veinlets of ore to such an extent that the rock appears brecciated. About the borders of the ore in many places the wall rock is altered to a skarn of amphi- bole or to a diopsidic pyroxene. The hornblende is, without doubt, the result of the uralitization of preexisting pyroxene.’ The analogies between the ore deposits of the Cerro Mercado and Kiiruna district may be listed as follows: 1. The association of the ore bodies with acid volcanic rock. 2. The high iron content and purity of the ores. 3. The abundance of apatite in the ores. 1®Toneous Rocks and Iron Ores of Kiirunavaara, Luossavyaara, and Tuolluvaara. Per Geijer. Stockholm, 1910. 17 Per Geijer. Inst. Geol. Mex., Bol. 44, 1923, p. 246. 99 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 4. The anastamosing veinlets that cut and brecciate the country rock. 5. The alteration of the wall rock to a pyroxenic skarn. 6. The tabular form of the ore bodies. The resemblances are much greater in those portions of the Kiiruna district where the original magnetite has been secondarily changed to hematite corresponding to the martite ore bodies of Cerro Mer- cado. One may reasonably conclude that the hematite ores of Cerro Mercado are formed by the secondary oxidation of magnetite, such as those Geijer describes at “ Professorn,” the oxidation having been carried to the almost complete alteration of the magnetite. ORIGIN A number of writers have expressed views on the origin of the great ore bodies of Cerro Mercado but only two are the result of a sufficiently detailed examination to merit serious attention. These are the works of Manuel Rangel**® and Leopoldo Salazar-Salinas and his coworkers.1? We may, however, mention very briefly some of the earlier views. Frederico Weidner” one of the first to visit the locality and to report upon its iron resources held that the ores were the result of volcanic activity : One finds rounded ore masses from Cerro Mercado of the shape and figure of projectiles scattered on all the immediate terrain, not only on the lower por- tions, as is natural, but also on some of the higher hillocks which seems ex- plainable only that the volcanic force of the hill to have flung and transported them to these points. In the porphyry hills which encircle Cerro Mercado one finds the most ap- parent vestiges of voleanic action of the mass of Cerro Mercado, because there one finds that the porphyries are altered in color, luster, and texture as if they were smelted and fragments of the porphyry rock are found inclosed in the crystallized magnetic iron; on the south side of the Cerro the porphyry incloses particles of micaceous iron, which could have penetrated it only through sub- limation; to the southeast side the porphyries are wrapped in oxide of iron to the extent of being partially converted to almagre; in the central part of Cerro Mercado and its folds lies pieces and banks of destroyed porphyry evidently lifted by the iron; all of which proves that the Cerro Mercado is of an origin later than the porphyry in which it rests, that the porphyry previously occupied the place now of metal. This last, impelled by volcanic force has burst the floor of the valley, breaking through the porphyry, dislocating, lifting, and breaking some of it in its path and involving in its mass many fragments of the same rock which it has just destroyed. 18 Tog criadoros de fierro del Cerro de Mercado, Durango. Bol. 16. Inst. Geol. Mexico, 1902. 19 Hl Cerro de Mercado, Durango. Bol. 44, Inst. Geol. Mex. 20 Anales del Ministerio de Fomento. Mexico. Vol. 3, pp. 169-170, 1877. — nll A = ET ae ART. 23 DURANGO MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY—-FOSHAG 23 While Chrustschoff 2! does not accept this idea entirely, still he believes that the deposits were due to some form of eruption, prob- ably a fluid aqueous mass, that rose through channels to spread out about their openings. 99 Birkenbine 2? in his description of the occurrence has little to say regarding its genesis. His ideas are embodied in the following citation: I incline to the belief that the Cerro de Mercado is formed of one or more immense veins or lenses of specular iron ore, standing nearly vertical, the fragments of which have, by the action of the elements for ages been thrown down to form the slopes of the mountain as a talus. Manuel Rangel ** describes the ore body as follows: The mineral part presents the form of a very strong dike, ramifying in the western part, with two small branches to the north and includes admixture of rhyolite. Erosion operating primarily on the inclosing rock, kas disintegrated it into blocks of diverse shapes that have been deposited on the talus slopes of the hill; the part of the mineral so uncovered has suffered on its part, the slow and continued action of the weather and has been disintegrated into fragments of variable size which have formed as talus deposit, an apron of mineral which gives to Cerro Mercado the appearance of a mountain made up only of ferruginous minerals. The illusion disappears through a close ex- amination of the structure of the mountain. In effect, in the base one sees enormous banks of rhyolite; higher, the fragments of rhyolite, covered on some of their faces with crystallized minerals of iron in small octahedrons, are mixed with pieces of mineral, whose proportion increases with height unti' it constitutes the entire deposit forming the crest of the hill. Since Sefor Rangel wrote this he has continued exploratory work on the deposits and has demonstrated that the ores do not continue downward but that the form is that of dipping tabular bodies; hence the inference that the ore bodies are of the nature of a dikelike intru- sion, I believe, Sefior Rangel is now willing to modify. In the report of Cerro Mercado by Leopoldo Salazar-Salinas and his coworkers,’ there are two somewhat distinct conceptions ad- vanced. According to the interpretation of A. R. Martinez- Quintero * the pyroxenitic rocks that surrounded the iron-ore bodies are intrusive pyroxenites, and he refers the source of the iron to a batholith of which this rock is a basic border phase. According to Martinez-Quintero : The intrusive is probably a batholith with a basic border phase forming the contact ; the visible portion of the intrusion being a pyroxenite whose principal constituent is the hedenbergite-diopside, which in narrow crystals is encountered, among other places, in the differentiated dikes of the Cerro de Fray Diego. 71 Kineges ueber den Cerro del Mereado bei Durango in Mexico, Wiirzburg, 1878, Abs. in Zeit. Krys., vol. 3, pp. 632-634, 1879. 22 Amer. Inst. Min. Engrs. Trans., vol. 13, pp. 189-209, 1885. 23 Criadero de fierro del Cerro de Mercado. Inst. Geol. Mex. Bol. 16, pp. 3-14, 1902. * El Cerro de Mercado. Inst. Geol. Mex., Bol. 44, 1923. * Salazar-Salinas. Inst. Geol. Mex., Bol. 44, 1923, p. 44. 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 Forming an ultrabasic phase at the contact, a part of the iron must have accompanied it and upon solidification the globules of oxide of iron which were first Suspended became imprisoned in the pyroxenite, as one sees in the samples that have been studied. Later, when the magma had solidified, the gaseous emanations of water vapor. P.0;, CQ2 Cl, and some others, as well as the magnetic solutions, contributed to the enrichment of the mass of iron already formed, transporting iron from the lower to the higher portions and being deposited in the same oxides through simple crystallization or through substitution of the adjacent igneous rocks. At the Cueva de la Marmaja one encounters vestiges of the rock which was not completely substituted but altered and which appears to belong to the por- phyritic rock in which the K.O0 predominates over Na:O. Salazar-Salinas’s*® own views are expressed in the following citation: There was formed, at a profound depth, a magmatic chamber of basic nature, which moved through a fold of sedimentary formation, this same fold accen- ' tuating its effect upon the pressure was able to bring about the fusion of the deeper siliceous sediments, giving a new magmatic chamber which, through the lesser density of its constituents penetrated the basic chamber and ter- minating in superposition, staying in part intermixed, one with the other; or admitting the existence of the acid effusive rock, this was penetrated by the magmatic products leaving traces of this passage in the phenomena of metamorphism and in the mixture of the elements. To properly explain the origin of the ores of Cerro Mercado account must be taken of the following features: 1. The occurrence of iron ore in Tertiary acid volcanic rocks, including rhyolites, latites, and tuffs. 2. The occurrence of iron ore in broad tabular bodies. 3. The occurrence of iron ore as martite, the pseudomorphous form of hematite. 4. The association of the minor mineral constituents, especially the apatite, with the ore. 5. The alteration of the wall rock to pyroxene, chert, and mont- morillonite. 6. The numerous anastamosing veiniets of ore in the wall rock. The objections to the ores of Cerro Mercado having originated as a flow of magnetite are quite evident. The ore bodies are without doubt a later introduction and not contemporaneous with the inclos- ing rocks. Alteration of the wall rock has taken place to a per- ceptible degree and the ore bodies are not concordant with the posi- tion of the flows of volcanic rock but are inclosed in all the types of rock exposed. The explanation that the ore deposits are dikes seems at first a logical one but continued exploration under Sefior Rangel’s direc- tion has demonstrated that they are not in the form of dikes, but that their mass has no great downward extension and that they are more in the nature of flat lying tabular bodies of ore. With this **Salzar-Salinas. Inst. Geol. Mex., Bol. 44, 1923, p. 44. ~ ART. 23 DURANGO MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY—FOSHAG aps new evidence in hand one can readily determine that such ore bodies as that of the west side of the hill of Cordon Rangel and of Picachos Sur and Norte are also not dilkelike as they appear to be, but por- tions of a larger tabular form broken up into segments by faulting. One may point also to the occurrence of ore as schlieren in the tuffs of the Socavon de la Cueva as further evidence contrary to the forma- tion of the ore in dikes. Soler ?? has attempted to explain this tabular form of the ore as a faulted body of segregated ore; that is, the mag- netite is a magmatic segregation in tabular form that has been faulted into segments. The difficulties of accepting such a mode of origin are, of course, obvious, chief of which is the occurrence of ore in the tuffs and it does not explain the occurrence of pure hema- tite in siliceous rocks such as rhyolite. There are but three genetic processes that merit serious considera- tion: Firstly, an origin through intrusion of a magnetite magma, invading the rhyolite, latite, and tuff; secondly, a replacement of these rocks by iron-bearing solutions; and thirdly, fumarolic activity. All these ideas are open to criticism and objection but it is believed that the final choice must lie between them. The association of magnetite and apatite immediately suggests that the ores are the result of magmatic segregation of some sort. That they can not have segregated from such rocks as rhyolites and tuffs in which they are now found is quite evident. They must have had their origin in some deeper source. The numerous anas- tamosing veinlets are also suggestive of intrustion, as is also the further fact that, while the wall rocks are altered, the alteration is not as great as one would ordinarily expect from aqueous solutions, but might be accounted for by the smaller amounts of solution accom- panying a dikelike intrusion. So far the evidence points satisfac- torily to intrusion but when we come to consider the manner in which a magma of such composition may form we are confronted with difficulties. If our present ideas on magmatic differentiation are correct a magnetite-apatite body could form by the separation and segregation of the crystals of these minerals into definite bodies. But the difficulty arises in that this body of magnetite and apatite must be brought again to a state of fusion in order to traverse and inject rocks as readily fusible as itself without contamination. The suggestion that the iron ores of Cerro Mercado may be the result of fumarolic action rests upon the observations of E. G. Ziess °° of the formation of magnetite at the Katmai region of Alaska. About some of the hotter fumaroles there formed great 7 Report to the Cia. Fundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey, S. A., pp. 30-35, 1925. *2The Fumarolic Incrustations in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. Nat. Geol. Soe. Tech. Papers. Katmai Series vol. 1, No. 3. 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 quantities of magnetite, measurable by the thousands of pounds. The iron chloride vapors were continually swept out by the con- tinuous passage of steam, reacting at the mouth of the fumarole with this steam to form magnetite and hydrochloric acid. As the fumarole decreased in temperature the magnetite thus formed was reattacked by the acid and the deposit of iron ore eventually dis- appeared. While there seems little evidence to support such a hypothesis for Cerro Mercado, yet the occurrence of the iron min- erals there in tuffs, as at Katmai, and the physical resemblance of the Katmai magnetite with much of the martite ore of Mercado is striking and Such a hypothesis may well be borne in mind. An origin by the replacement of the inclosing rocks by iron bear- ing solutions is suggested by a number of features of the iron de- posits of Cerro Mercado and is the hypothesis most favored by the writer. The impression that one first receives upon examining the ore bodies is that they are deposited by replacement but close con- sideration of the matter shows that all points are not entirely clear. This, however, resolves itself down largely to lack of definite knowledge concerning the chemical and physical behavior of iren bearing solutions. The direct replacement of the brecciated country rock by iron ore has not been observed by the writer but the replacement of the fragments by pyroxene is common and the close relationship of the pyroxene to the iron ores makes it probable that the ore minerals are a result of this same process. There has been observed in specimens from the locality called Labores de la Cueva a replacement of the breccia fragments by calcite which is in turn replaced by magnetite. Further the schlierenlike masses of ore in the tuffs at Socavon de la Cueva can only be explained as a replacement of the tuffs by ore and not by any means of injection. The puzzling feature of this occur- rence, however, is that in a mass as susceptible to chemical change as a tuff, there is no appreciable effect accompanying the introduction of the iron ores. The alteration of the wall rock to pyroxene must certainly have been brought about by aqueous solutions but whether these solutions were the iron-bearing solutions or solutions given off by a magnetite magma there is no way of determining. ‘The amount is less than one would expect if a large volume of solution had passed, yet a large amount of porphyry has been completely altered to montmorillonite although not pyroxenized. What the relation to the extensive silicification of the rhyolites at the north side of the hill has to the ore-bearing processes is still to be determined. The nature of the solutions that may have carried the iron and replaced the wall rock is a matter of speculation and will not be dis- ART. 23 DURANGO MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY—FOSHAG Pf b cussed. Our knowledge of such solutions is still too incomplete to draw any reasonable deductions from the data yielded by this occurrence. MINING METHODS AND PRODUCTION The occurrence of the iron ore as cliffs of hard ore or as banks of soft ore make mining both easy and cheap. (PI. 2, left.) The hard ores of Penascos de la Industria are blasted down upon the quarry floor where the bowlders of ore are broken up either by sledge hammers or by further blasting, the broken ore transported by wheelbarrows and loaded directly onto the cars. The soft ore of Cueva de la Marmaja needs no blasting, but is readily picked down upon the quarry floor, loaded into barrows, dumped into a bin from which it is drawn into cars, and trammed to the loading bins. The grade of the ore is high, averaging from 65 to 67 per cent; it is practically free of manganese, titanium, and sulphur, but carries some phosphorus. The cost of mining and loading is 64 centavos a ton. The total production of ore from this deposit in 1926 was 81,000 tons, but this amount can easily be increased several fold should it become desirable. According to the estimates of the Compania Fundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey, the ore reserved of Cerro Mercado was approximately 100,000,000 tons. Much of the early production of the Cerro Mercado came from the detrital or boleo ore that flanks the hill on the east, south, and western sides. (Pl. 2, right.) This ore was high grade and com- paratively free of phosphorus, but the richest areas have been exten- sively worked out and the reserves of this type of ore are small. A large amount of this ore was mined and used as flux at the smelters of northern Mexico. O ART, 23) PLES 1 7 VOLE 14; EEDINGS PROG U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM @ 39vVd 33S 31W1ld 3O NOILWNV1dxX3 YO4 3YO NOY] AYV SdOHOLNO G10g 3HL “HLNOS SHL WOYS OGVOYS|] OYYSD PE PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 23 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM (odo[s Jsv9) 010 ,,09[0q,, 1@ 39Vd 33S 3LV1id AO NOILVNW1dx3 HOY UlyND 4YSNY ‘(BLYSNpUT Le ep soosvuad) 910 WOM UT ArIVNes 34J9'T AO SMGIA OGVOYsIN) OYYAD U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 23 PL. 3 BRECCIA PARTIALLY REPLACED BY DIOPSIDE FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 8 4 PE PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 232 NATIONAL MUSEUM s. U. BRECCIA PARTIALLY REPLACED BY CALCITE AND MAGNETITE FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 8 NOTES AND NEW SPECIES OF AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE GENUS SCOPARIA HAWORTH By Harrison G. Dyar Custodian of Lepidoptera, United States National Museum The genus Scoparia has been generally placed in a separate sub- family of the Pyralidae, the Scopariinae, following the classifica- tion of Sir George F. Hampson. More recently Edward Meyrick has included the genus in the large subfamily Pyraustinae. The species are small gray moths of obscure appearance, some of them being very variable within specific limits. The life histories of none of the American species have been worked out. The allied Euro- pean forms feed on lichens or moss in the larval state. The follow- ing new species have accumulated in the collection of the United States National Museum, largely from the collecting of Dr. William Schaus and presented by him. Notes on the synonymy and distribu- tion of some of the older species have been added. SCOPARIA COMMORTALIS Dyar Scoparia commortalis Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., vol. 9, p. 67, 1921. Doubtfully distinct from rectilinea Zeller and occurring in the same region, the northern Pacific coast. It is browner than recti- _ linea, the markings less distinct, and in the types the outer line is distinctly flexous. In subsequent specimens, however, the line is about as straight as in rectilinea. SCOPARIA DENIGATA, new species Similar to vigidalis Barnes and McDunnough, but lghter gray- brown, the inner oblique and outer straight line and the discal patch more relieved. Expanse, 14-18 mm. Type—Male, Cat. No. 41335, U.S.N.M., Huachuca Mountains, Ariz. Paratypes, two males and one female, respectively, Arizona. August (O. C. Poling), San Diego, Calif., March 26, 1915 (H. G. Dyar); White Mountains, Ariz., altitude 7,200 feet, August, 1925 (O. C. Poling, gift of S. E. Cassino). No. 2769.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 74, ART. 24 15685—28 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 SCOPARIA NOMINATALIS Hulst Scoparia nominatalis Hutst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 13, p. 148, 1886. Scoparia spaldingalis BARNES and McDuNnoucH, Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., vol. 1, pt. 5, p. 34, 1912, pl. 3, figs. 1 and 4. In the “ Check List,” 1917, Barnes and McDunnough refer nom- inatalis to the synonymy of lugubralis Walker, recognizing spalding- alis for the present form. This seems to be a mistake, because though Hulst’s description is not of certain distinction between the obscure species of Scoparia, his locality is so. He describes from Vancouver Island, where the present species is frequent, whereas Jugubralis was from Hudson Bay, and a colored figure of the type before me shows it to belong to the basalis group, as hereinafter mentioned. The present species occurs in the Pacific coast forested region, Rocky Mountains in British Columbia, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and as far south as Orizaba, Mexico, and Volcan Santa Maria, Gua- temala (Schaus and Barnes), and the White Mountains of New Hampshire. It is very variable in the markings. SCOPARIA ALBERTALIS, new species Possibly one of the protean forms of noménatalis, but seems worthy of separation. Size and color of noméinatalis, but the outer line appears black, not white, and is strongly excurved centrally. The inner line has dark shading, the discal dot diffused, terminal black markings slight. Expense, 18 mm. Type—Male, Cat. No. 41336, U.S.N.M.; Banff, Alberta, July 17, 1925 (O. Bryant). Paratype, male, Lake Minnewanka, Alberta, July 22, 1918 (H. G. Dyar). A specimen from Field, British Co- lumbia, July 1, 1927 (T. Ulke), comes very near, but on account of the angled, not excurved outer line, I have let this stand under nom- inatalis. SCOPARIA DELPHUSA Druce Scoparia delphusa Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, p. 279, 1896. Scoparia smithi Drucs, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, p. 279, 1896. Scoparia sabura Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, p. 279, 1896. Scoparia flexuosa Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, p. 370, 1918. The above names obviously refer to different forms of this variable species. The species occurs in Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado in the mountains. SCOPARIA TRICOLORALIS Dyar Scoparia tricoloralis Dyar, Ent. News, vol. 15, p. 72, 190+. Scoparia rufitinctalis Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, p. 21, 1907. Forested regions of British Columbia, Washington, and mountains of California. Hampson speaks of the lines as “rufous ;” but shough they are sometimes stained with reddish from the spreading of the reddish discal shade, the lines themselves are blackish. ART. 24 NEW AMERICAN _MOTHS—DYAR 3 SCOPARIA ECHO, new species Ground light gray, blotched with olive-gray; lines whitish, nar- row, the inner curved, the outer moderately centrally excurved; blackish blotches for claviform and orbicular, the reniform constric- ted, often T-shaped; subterminal shade whitish, waved, sometimes touching the excurve of outer line, preceded by heavy olivaceous shading and followed by blackish submacular terminal band. Hind wings sordid whitish. In the female, the fore wing is more heavily shaded with olivaceous blackish. Type—Male, Cat. No. 41342, U.S.N.M.; Victoria, British Co- lumbia, August 21, 1920 (E. H. Blackmore). Paratypes, three males and four females, as follows: Victoria, B. C., August 21, 1921 (W. R. Carter); Victoria, B. C., August 6, 1919 (W. Downes) ; Fitzgerald, B. C., August 22, 1921 (W. R. Carter); Victoria, B. C., September 3, 1921 (W. R. Carter); Victoria, B. C., August 17, 1909 (A. J. Croker); Goldstream, B. C., August 12, 1920 (E. H. Blackmore) ; Wellington, B. C., August 20, 1903 (T. Bryant). The specimens were originally classified under fernaldalis, which was thus thought to reach the Pacific coast. This form, however, has been rightly considered as a race of basalis by Barnes and Mc- Dunnough, and is quite distinct from echo. SCOPARIA LEUCOPHTHALMA, new species Allied to echo; smaller, the dark shadings more olivaceous and denser, not gray, the lines narrowed and contrasting whitish; clavi- form scarcely indicated; orbicular a dash; reinform Y-shaped with a little distinct white speck on its lower side. Expanse, 14 mm. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 41343, U.S.N.M.; Victoria, British Colum- bia, July 18, 1922 (W. R. Carter). Paratypes five males and one female from the same locality and collector with dates as follows: July 8, 1921; July 7, 8, and 13, 1922; June 24 and 29, 1923. SCOPARIA BASALIS Walker Scoparia basalis WALKER, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, p. 1497, 1865. Scoparia biplagialis WaLKER, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, p. 1499, 1865. Scoparia libella Grorr, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., vol. 4, p. 675, 1878. Scoparia fernaldalis Dyar, Ent. News, vol. 15, p. 72, 1904. Scoparia obispalis Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent, Soc., vol. 14, p. 106, 1906. Scoparia palloralis Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 14, p. 106, 1906. Scoparia bronzalis BARNES and BENJAMIN, Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., vol. 5, p. 48, 1922. Scoparia cervalis McDuNNovueH, Can. Ent., vol. 59, p. 267, 1927. This is the common species of the northern Atlantic States, run- ning south along the Blue Ridge Mountains to North Carolina. It ‘also runs west to British Columbia, ferna/dalis being described from 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 Kaslo, B. C., the race slightly larger than eastern basalis and darker shaded. The form cervalis McDunnough from Liloocet, B. C., is somewhat browner than fernaldalis, which inclines to gray. The species runs to the south along the Pacific coast, ob¢spalis being described from San Luis Obispo, Calif., and bronzalis from San Bernardino. The distribution also follows, the Rocky Mountains, palloralis being described from Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. SCOPARIA PACIFICALIS Dyar Scoparia pacificalis Dyan, Ins. Ins. Mens., vol. 9, p. 66, 1921. Scoparia alaskalis BARNES and BENJAMIN, Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., vol. 5, p. 49, 1922. : I have not seen specimens of alaskalis and the form has not been figured, but from the description it must be close to or be the same as pacificalis. It was described from Ketchikan, Alaska. SCOPARIA LUGUBRALIS Walker Scoparia lugubralis WALKER, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., vol 34, p. 1498, 1865. Scoparia truncatalis McDUNNouGH, Can. Ent., vol. 54, p. 86, 1922. Very similar to basalis, but stouter and broader winged. I have not seen authentic specimens of truncatalis, but judge it to be the same. Specimens are before me from Trenton, Ontario, Canada, June 15, 1901 (Evans), Rochester, Minn. (C. N. Ainslie), and Nulato, Alaska, July 23, 1916 (B. P. Clark, donor). SCOPARIA PHYCITINALIS, new species Of the size and general color of rectilinea Zeller, narrower winged, the outer line flexuous and sharply indented subcostally. Gray, irrorate with black; lines whitish, the inner curved, followed by broad black shading in which the linear claviform and orbicular inhere; reniform quadrate, black and clouded; outer line preceded by black and followed by a broad black area, which has a tint of brown, itself white, sharply indented on discal fold and slightly black-dotted within; subterminal area lighter, indefinite, followed by a row of terminal dota. Hind wing pale fuscous. Expanse, 18 mm. Type—Male, Cat. No. 41344, U.S.N.M.; Bilby, Alberta, June 30, 1924 (OQ. Bryant). Paratypes, eight males and three females, ten of them from the same locality and collector, with dates June 8, 10, and 19, and July 1, 1924, and also: Kannanaskis, Alberta, June 23, 1925 (O. Bryant), and Moraine Lake, Alberta, July 11, 1925 (O. Bryant). Other North American species not otherwise mentioned here are centuriella Denis and Schiffermiller (ninguidalis Hulst is the nor- ART. 24 NEW AMERICAN MOTHS—DYAR 5 mal female; the type is before me from the Fernald collection), torniplagalis Dyar, alialis Barnes and McDunnough, penumbralis Dyar, pallidalis Dyar, strigalis Dyar, schwarzalis Dyar, and nor- malis Dyar. SCOPARIA TERSELLA Zeller Scoparia tersella ZeviEr, Stett, Ent. Zeit., vol. 33, p. 476, 1872. Described from Colombia and not at present before me. The inner pale line of fore wing is strongly oblique as in the following species. The expanse, according to Zeller’s figure, is about 18 mm. SCOPARIA PUSILLA Dyar Scoparia pusilla Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, p. 320, 1914. A small narrow-winged species of the pattern of tersel/a. Common on the Atlantic side of Panama, but not elsewhere reported. SCOPARIA SUBTERSA, new species In general as in pusilia Dyar, but larger. Fore wing yellowish gray, more or less overlaid with brown irrorations and blotches; lines pale, the inner strongly oblique from basal fourth of costa to middle of inner margin, which it reaches remote from the termina- tion of the outer line; outer line flexuous, inbent subcostally; clavi- form and orbicular represented by black streaks, reniform blotched ; a dark patch on costa above it and one within outer line; a pale sub- terminal line, a little flexed, followed by dotted dark shading. Hind wing white, slightly stained. Expanse, 14 mm. Type—Male, Cat. No. 41347, U.S.N.M.; Volcan Santa Maria, Guatemala, October (Schaus and Barnes). Paratypes, 14 specimens of both sexes from the same locality and collectors; two males, Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection); one male, Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus collection); seven specimens, Purulha, Sitio, and Juan Vinas, Costa Rica (Schaus and Barnes) ; one female, Trinidad, West Indies (A. Busck); a single specimen from Castro, Parana, Brazil, seems indistinguishable, but. is not made a paratype on account of the geographical separation. It would seem that all these forms should be referable to ¢ersella; but in that the measurement which Zeller gives of one wing is three-quarters the expanse of the speci- mens before me, and also he figures the two lines of fore wing as meeting on the inner margin, which is not so in the species here described. SCOPARIA EXTINCTA Dyar Scoparia extincta Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., vol. 9, p. 67, 1921. This species follows here, though the markings are so faint that the obliquity of the inner line can be made out in certain specimens only. The species denigata Dyar and rigidalis Barnes and Mc- Dunnough, previously referred to, are allied. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 74 SCOPARIA ALBIPUNCTATA Druce Scoparia albipunctata Drucr, Biol. Cent.-Am., Lep. Het., vol. 2, p. 563, 1899. Described from Volcan Irazu, Costa Rica. I have a single female, slightly larger than Druce’s measurement, Volcan Santa Maria, Gua- temala, July (Schaus and Barnes). A very obscurely marked species, but the inner line of fore wing is erect and dentate, not oblique. SCOPARIA TRICOLOR Zeller Scoparia tricolor ZELLER, Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. 33, p. 478, 1872. Described from Colombia, and I have no material that I can positively identfy with the name. Scoparia cyclophora Dyar from Mexico, however, evidently comes very close. This is represented in the collection by one female only. The following is close, but I think not identical : SCOPARIA MOLLICULELLA, new species As in cyclophora, slightly smaller, grayer, the blotching about as in the named species but lighter, scarcely contrasted. The reddish color inheres only in the reniform, which is composed of a ring open below or of two opposed cusps. This is possibly the male of cyclo- phora, but much more probably a derivative form addicted to high altitudes. Expanse, 14 mm. (cyclophora expands 16 mm.). Type—Male, paratypes, two males, Cat. No. 41348, U.S.N.M.; Popocatepet! Park, Mexico, 8,000 feet, June, 1906 (W Schaus). SCOPARIA STEREOSTIGMA Dyar Scoparia stereostigma Dyar, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, p. 369, 1918. Smaller and more compactly shaped than molliculella but evi- dently allied. Six specimens from Jalapa, Mexico, the type locality, are in the collection and four more from Volcan Santa Maria, Guatemala. SCOPARIA MULTIFACIES, new species Fore wing light gray, shaded with blackish beyond inner line and terminally, sometimes extensively shaded, rarely with a bronzy reflec- tion; inner line pale, erect or slightly curved or irregular; orbicular and claviform obscure in the dark shade following it; median space generally clear gray; reniform a ringlet or quadrate or blotched, in one specimen covered and surrounded by a reddish shade to the outer line; this pale, notched more or less subcostally, crenulate, rather regular, preceded by a slender dark line, the termen solidly dark except for more or less distinct traces of an angled white sub- terminal line. Hind wing whitish, solid fuscous about the margin. Expanse, 13 mm. ART, 24 NEW AMERICAN MOTHS—DYAR 7 Type.—Female, Cat. No. 41349, U.S.N.M.; Volcan Santa Maria, Guatemala, July (Schaus and Barnes). Paratypes, eight specimens of both sexes from the same locality and collectors and three speci- mens from Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). SCOPARIA INEXOPTATA, new species A large pale long-winged species. Gray, rather evenly irrorate with black scales; lines pale, the inner curved or slightly oblique, followed by a narrow black line; claviform and orbicular detached beyond it, both dashes; reniform a double ellipse, quadrately joined; outer line sharply indented subcostally, with narrow black inner edge; terminal space indistinctly dark shaded, the pale subterminal line indistinctly X-shaped with the outer line. Hind wing pale sordid. Expanse, 16-22 mm. Lype.—Male, paratypes, three males, Cat. No. 41350, U.S.N.M.: Popocatepetl Park, Mexico, 8,000-10,000 feet and 9,500-11,500 feet. June, 1906 (W. Schaus). SCOPARIA YCARDA, new species Gray, rather dark, pulverulent in appearance in slightly flown specimens. Lines white, narrow, the outer roundedly excurved mesially; inner followed by a moderate black shade from which the linear claviform and orbicular project; reniform quadrate, often dotted or obscure, in the type brownish filled; terminal area dark with only traces of a pale sinuate subterminal line. Expanse, 10-13 mm. Type.—Female, Cat. No. 413849, U.S.N.M.; Volcan Santa Maria, Guatemala, November (Schaus and Barnes). Paratypes, 11 speci- mens of both sexes from the same locality and collectors, and one female, Orizaba, Mexico, July, 1913 (R. Miiller). SCOPARIA BISCUTELLA Zeller Scoparia biscutelia ZeLiER, Stett, Ent. Zeit., vol. 338, p. 474, 1872. Scoparia albifrons Drucer, Biol. Cent.-Am., Lep. Het., vol. 2, p. 278, 1895. The name a/bifrons was introduced by Druce (1895) for what he thought a different species from biscutella, but his figure indicates the same form. Described from Columbia, specimens are before me from various localities in Costa Rica and Guatemala. SCOPARIA ANAGANTIS Dyar Scoparia anagantis Dyar, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mu&., vol. 54, p. 370, 1918. Of the same pattern as biscutella but a larger species. The unique type is a female, the markings being reduced and open. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 74 SCOPARIA CRASSIUSCULA, new species Pattern and color of biscutella, but smaller, the wings shorter and broader, much less elongate. The markings seem condensed and approximate in comparison with the named species, which is prob- ably due to the wing-shape. Expanse, 13 mm. Type.—Male, Cat. No. 41352, U.S.N.M.; Castro, Parana, Brazil (Schaus collection). Paratypes, male and female with the same data. A fragment of a specimen, front wings only, St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana (W. Schaus) is apparently the same. SCOPARIA IMPARILIS, new species Wings rather elongated, pointed at apices. Pale violaceous gray; a broad black streak from base of fore wing on submedian fold to origin of vein 2; a black blotch for orbicular and a larger one for reniform, joined by a black line in lower part of cell and followed faintly by reddish; terminal space limited by a faint dark line, olivaceous shaded and with irregular black streaks; terminal black dots small, connected by a shade; fringe pale; ordinary lines want- ing. Hind wing pale gray, the fringe white. Expanse, 17 mm. Type, Male, Cat. No. 41380, U.S.N.M.; Villa Baleda, Porto Santo, Jamaica (T. D. A. Cockerell). SCOPARIA VINASALIS, new species Markings of crassiuscula but still smaller and more delicate. The marks are more smooth and even, the terminal space contrastingly dark, with a pale blotch centrally, not giving the X-mark appearance. The ground color has a tint of lilaceous, especially in the female. Expanse, 10 mm. Type.——Male. Paratypes, two males and a female, No. 41353, U.S. N. M.; Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, January, May, and November (Schaus and Barnes). SCOPARIA EXCURSALIS, new species Small and delicate, the wings rather narrow and elongate. Fore wing light gray with violaceous tint, some black shading at the base; inner line pale, indistinct, but indicated by the black outer shading, angled outward mesially; ordinary spots lost except the reniform, which is dark, diffused and stained with reddish centrally; outer line scarcely indicated, forming with the subterminal line an indis- tinct X mark in the lightly darkened terminal area. Expanse, 11 mm. Type—Male. Paratype, male, No. 41354, U.S.N.M.; Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, the paratype marked February (Schaus and Barnes). ART, 24 NEW AMERICAN MOTHS—DYAR 9 SCOPARIA ULMAYA, new species Small, brown, with slight bronzy reflection; lines pale, the inner slightly oblique, the outer with loop-like central excurve; a round black spot for claviform; a thick rectangular black dash for reni- form, the wing between the marks rather heavily filled in with brown; two black terminal patches; fringe pale, checkered with black. Expanse, 10 mm. Type.—Male, No. 413855, U.S.N.M.; Guadeloupe, West Indies, July, 1905 (A. Busck). SCOPARIA LONGIPENNIS Zeller Scoparia longipennis ZELLER, Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. 33, p. 479, 1872. Described from Colombia. Specimens are before me from Mount Poas, Costa Rica, and Las Vigas, Mexico. Other described South American species not otherwise here re- ferred to are as follows: Scoparia jonesalis Dyar, Bermuda. Scoparia anadonta Dyar, Mexico. Scoparia atricuprea Hampson, Jamaica, Colombia. Scoparia ceramica Warren, Peru. Scoparia sirigigramma Hampson, Peru. Scoparia ragonoti Butler, Peru, Chili, Juan Fernandez. Scoparia chordactis Meyrick, Patagonia. © A NEW SALAMANDER FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA By Emmerr Rew Dunn In my “Salamanders of the Family Plethodontidae ” (1926) I was inclined to regard the record of Hnsatina croceater from “a district about 75 miles southeast of San Diego”?! which Cope reported “ from near San Diego”? as really referring to eschscholtzii, because the latter occurs in the Coast Range and in the San Bernardinos, thus intervening between the other records of croceater and the above- mentioned one. The most southern record of croceater aside from the Lower California one was Fort Tejon, Kern County, which is the type locality, but which may well be vague and erroneous, at least as to exactness. All other records were from the Sierras. Therefore in the absence of actual specimens the divided range of croceater led me to question the identification of the Lower California specimen. Recently L. M. Klauber® has figured one specimen and given rec- ords of five salamanders from San Diego County and two from Riv- erside County which he considers croceater and which thus tend to confirm the record of Cope and Lockington. He also suggests that my allocation of their specimen to the San Pedro Martir Mountains is incorrect, as they lie 140 miles south- east of San Diego, and says Laguna Hanson, 77 miles southeast, is a more probable station. Klauber’s figure impressed me as being different from any croceater I had seen (12 from the Sierra Nevada). Two specimens in the United States National Museum (Nos. 75229-30) from near Banning, Riverside County, confirm this impression, and make it apparent that we have to do with a third Californian species of Ensatina, found in the San Jacinto, Laguna, and Cuyamaca Moun- tains, in Riverside and San Diego Counties, and also probably in Lower California. This makes eschscholtzi in California restricted to the northern Sierras, the Coast Range, and the San Bernardinos, and croceater to the southern Sierras. : 1 Lockington, 1880, Amer. Nat., p. 295. 2 Cope, 1889, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 34, p. 151. $1927, Bull. Zool. Soc. San Diego, no. 3, p. 2, fig. 1. No. 2770.—PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 74, ART. 25 15686—28 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM ° vou, 74 Mr. Klauber has kindly presented the National Museum with a beautiful specimen from Descanso which may well serve as the type of ENSATINA KLAUBERI, new species Type.—Cat. No. 75337, U.S.N.M. collected by Joe Carter, April 1, 1928, female adult. Type locatity—Descanso, San Diego County, Calif. Range.—San Jacinto, Laguna, and Cuyamaca Mountains, in River- side and San Diego Counties, and northern Lower California. Diagnosis—An Ensatina with few large light blotches or cross- bands on body and tail. Description of type.—Costal grooves 12-13; toes overlapping when appressed; head width about 5 in distance from snout to vent; head length 2.7 in length of body; head oval; eye longer than its distance from nostril; eye shorter than its distance from tip of snout; upper jaw straight as seen from side; angle of jaw back of hind angle of. eye; both eyelids under a fold of skin behind; a groove from eye to gular fold; a groove from this down behind angle of jaw; fingers 3, 2, 4, 1 in order of length, a tubercle at base of all except first; two tubercles on palm; toes 4, 3, 2, 5, 1 in order of length, a tubercle at the base of the three middle ones; tail constricted at base, tapering, swollen dorsally, longer than body; vomerine teeth 26 in series, be- ginning far outside outer edge of naris, curving in and back to meet its fellow, separated from parasphenoids by twice width of naris; latter in two patches beginning at middle of eye socket; black above, light brownish gray below; elbow and upper arm, knee and thigh, band from angle of jaw over occiput, including upper eyelid, two and one-half irregular bands on body, and four on the tail, ight yellow, tip of tail likewise light yellow. Total length 127 mm., head 19.5, body 53.5, tail 54. Variation.—A male, Cat. No. 75229, U.S.N.M., received from Dr. Dwight W. Pierce and collected by Arthur Gilman at Mill Canyon, near Banning, has a slightly swollen snout; head length 31% in length of body; tail as long as head and body; two irregular bars on body, and irregular light spotting on tail; 21 vomerine teeth; total length 130 mm., head 15, body 50, tail 65. A female, same data (Cat. No. 75230), has the occipital band broken into two spots; a single crossbar on body, and two large spots on left side and one on right; a crossbar in the anal region; four complete and two in- complete bars on tail; total length 95 mm., head 14, body 43, tail 38. Klauber writes that the specimen he figured from near Descanso was 140 mm. long. He describes the color as “black, fading on the sides to dusky purplish gray. The irregular series of dorsal blotches (one on the head engaging the eyelids, four on the body, four on the tail) ART. 25 A NEW SALAMANDER FROM S. CALIFORNIA—DUNN 3 are orange rufous; under surfaces transparent light vinaceous lilac. The legs are of the same color as the dorsal blotches except the extremities, which are similar to the under surfaces.” Remarks.—The localities for this animal are: Riverside County: San Jacinto Mountains, 5,500 feet. Mill Can- yon, near Banning. (Cat. No. 75229-30, U.S.N.M.) San Diego County: Cuyamaca Mountains; Rose Mine, Laguna Mountains; 3 miles northeast of Descanso; Descanso (Cat. No. 75337, eS. N. MM. ): Lower California: “75 miles southeast of San Diego [Laguna Hanson ?]. This is the most distinct species in the genus. Absence of dorsal markings distinguishes 2’. eschscholtzii; EH. croceater and platensis have very small and irregular spotting. © THE GUMS OF THE PORPOISE PHOCCENOIDES DALLI (TRUE) By Gerrir 8. Mitter, Jr. Curalor, Division of Mammals, United Slates National Musewmn The remarkably small size of the teeth in the porpoises of the genus Phocenoides is well known. (Pl. 1.) True* pointed it out in his original description of Phocwna dalli, the first species to be dis- covered, and Andrews? later made it one of the diagnostic characters upon which he established Phocwnoides as a genus distinct from Phocena. Specimens collected in Alaska by Ernest P. Walker have brought to light the unexpected fact that the gums of P. dalli are so modified as to form a set of secondary gum teeth, alternating with and surrounding the true teeth, the extremities of which have come to lieat the bottoms of pits between the bases of the new structures, whose size and hardness is such that they are undoubtedly capable of functioning as efficient grasping organs. (Pls. 2-4.) No such condition has, to my knowledge, been described in any cetacean; and there is no known member of the order other than the two species of Phocwnoides (the Alaskan P. dalli and the Japanese P. truet) in which the character of the dentition is such as to suggest that it might exist. Whether or not the structures which I am about to describe occur in Phocanoides truei as well as in the Alaskan species is a question which can not now be answered. Andrews says of thie type (p. 41): “ The teeth of this specimen are exceedingly small and in life project but slightly above the surrounding membrane.” This remark seems hardly applicable to pit-ensconced teeth like those of P. dali; but the gums of the animal may have been injured in skinning out the skull. The skulls with gums in place obtained by Mr. Walker are Nos. 943599 and 251757, U.S.N.M., taken, respectively, at Wrangell on September 7, 1922, and at Sullivan Island, Lynn Canal, in Novem- ber, 1926. There is also a nearly full term fetus (No. 251759) from 1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 8, p. 96, May 20, 1885. 2 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 30, p. 31, May 16, 1911. No. 2771.—PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 74, ART. 26. 2144498 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 74 Sullivan Island, but unfortunately its head is injured and the mouth is not well preserved. The skulls, after partial fleshing, were treated with salt. They arrived at Washington in a slightly moist condi- tion, and the gums, when soaked in fresh water and subsequently placed in alcohol, appear to have retained much if not all of their original structure. The general appearance of the gums as viewed from the outer side is shown in Plate 2 (natural size). It will be seen that, along the entire course of the tooth row, except at the front, where some injury has been suffered, the gums stand up as a serrate-topped, raised mass, which, in the uninjured region extending backward from the middle of the row, entirely conceals the teeth. Probably in a fresh specimen with perfect gums no teeth would be visible anywhere in the series. Photographs of segments containing four teeth are shown, five times natural size, in Plates 83 and 4. The gross structure of the gums and the relations of the true teeth to the new prehensile appa- ratus may be seen with special clearness in the series of four mandib- ular teeth represented in Plate 3. In the outer view (a) the gum has been injured at one point so that the flat crown of the second tooth from the left is visible at the bottom of the angular cleft be- tween the bases of the first and second complete gum teeth. All the other true teeth are hidden in this view as well as in that from the inner side of the jaw (0). In the coronal aspect (a) the sum- mits of the four true teeth are seen at the bottoms of their pits, with the four alternating gum teeth occupying the areas between them. In Plate 4 we have a segment of the rostrum including four teeth and extending inward nearly to the median line of the palate. It is shown in palatal aspect (@) and vertical section (6). The gum teeth are foreshortened and flattened by the camera in the palatal view, but their height is well brought out in the vertical section. Jt will be noted that the entire surface of the palate is coarsely and irregularly wrinkled, the general direction of the broad ridges and narrow intervening furrows tending to be parallel with the tooth row; also that the profile of these secondary ridges, when viewed in cross section, resembles the corresponding profile of the functional gum teeth. ‘The gum surface as seen on the palate (pl. 4a) and on the inner side of the mandible (pl. 3b) is noticeably papillose. In cross section under this low magnification the papille appear as conical outgrowths from the substance of the ridges. Microscopical preparations, made by staining and sectioning a piece of one of the gum teeth at the Anatomical Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins Medical School,’ show that the elevations are dermal ®I owe this series of slides to the kindness of Dr. George B. Wislocki. Nn i a ll a ART. 26 GUMS OF A PORPOISE—MILLER 3 at base but that each is capped by a conspicuous layer of greatly thickened epidermis. At the base of each elevation may be seen a thickened mass of corium from which arises a group of papille (about 0.125 mm. in width) extending upward through the first layer of the epidermis. This layer (about 1.05 mm. in thickness), whose cells contain nuclei which tend to be highly refractive, ap- pears to be the stratum germinativum. It is followed by a second layer (also about 1 mm. in thickness) in which the nuclei are dark, seemingly the stratum granulosum. At the peripheral surface it is elevated into the papille which cover the entire surface of the gums. Each superficial papilla is subtended by a papilla of the corium; and in sections which have been cut at appropriate levels the stratum granuloswum can be seen to be traversed by a narrow line of crowded nuclei extending from the tip of the corial papilla outward into the substance of the terminal papilla. In some prepa- rations the surface of the terminal papille is covered by a thin layer of flattened cells which may represent the stratwmn corneum, but which has, in most instances, apparently been stripped away in course of preparation. The superficial appearance of this outermost layer is shown in the upper left hand portion of Figure a on Plate 4. Here it may be seen to cover most of the underlying papille com- pletely. Occasionally it is pierced by a minute aperture over the tip of a papilla, and occasionally an entire papilla or a small group is entirely laid bare. The general conditions which I have just described, both macro- scopic and microscopic, seem to be not essentially different from those which Tullberg figured as occurring at early stages of the develop- ment of the baleen plates in Stbbaldus.*| Comparing Tullberg’s Plate 4 with my Plate 4 the general resemblance in gross structure is at once evident, allowance being made for the much more highly specialized condition present in Sibbaldus. The true teeth in the young baleen whale have disappeared. The gum teeth are com- pressed along the axis of the jaw; their bases have spread inward to occupy a much greater area of the palate; they have increased in height. The papille on the palate have become elongated and filamentous. Otherwise there is no important change. The micro- scopic structure in Phocawnoides could be fairly well represented by Tullberg’s Plate 5, Figure 23, if the drawing were reduced to about one-third of its present height (the width remaining unaltered), the papillee were represented as single instead of in pairs, the terminal papille were cut off at the level of the lower letter c, and a dividing line between the stratum germinativum and stratum granulosum were indicated. “Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, vol. 11, pl. 4, figs. 19-20, and pl, 5, fig, 23. 1883. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 74 These resemblances are so important that we are probably justified in regarding the gingival and dental structures of Phocewnoides as representing anatomical stages closely parallel to those through which the corresponding parts in the toothed ancestors of the Mysticeti must have passed. EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 1 (Both figures about 14 natural size) a. Teeih of Phocena phocena from St. George Island, Bearing Sea. No. 218737, U.S.N.M. bv. Teeth of Phocencides dalli from Sullivan Island, Lynn Canal, Alaska. No. 251757, U.S.N.M. Gums partly removed. PLATE 2 (Natural size) Lateral view of rostrum and mandible of Phoccenoides dalli showing gum teeth. (No. 251758, U.S.N.M., Sullivan Island, Lynn Canal, Alaska) PLATE 3 (All figures X 5) Part of mandibular toothrow of Phoccnoides dalli with gums in place. (No. 243599, U.S.N.M., Wrangell, Alaska) a. Outer aspect. b. Inner aspect. ce. Coronal aspect. PLATE 4 (Both figures X 5) Part of restrum of Phoconoides dalli with gums in place. (No. 243599, U.S.N.M., Wrangell, Alaska) @. Palatal aspect. . Vertical aspect. oo a. L/ U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 26, PL. 1 TEETH OF a PHOCAENA AND 6 PHOCOENOIDES FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 26, PL. 2 U. S. NATIONAL;MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 26, PL. 3 GUMS OF PHOCOENOIDES, LOWER JAW FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 74, ART. 26, PL. 4 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM GUMS OF PHOCOENOIDES, UPPER JAW FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4 a au Mt Aye, hie: cr Mh nae MA in Hi i Ley) i i, f th . | . ey ew ea Manta , F NB 4 La } 1 My i: i PRAHA fH cate ae AEA RG Bou mes UL tian as, nt i F te O Pm sth ri i Wi 9555