'@ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 76 Dig RIE Fre Newags GORY BTR ? oP ay ¥& ITY Teh See AO oo aa oT Ore” UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1930 ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organiza- tions and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the tabie of contents of each of the volumes. The present volume is the seventy-sixth of this series. The Bulletin, the first of which was issued in 1875, consists of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogues of type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. Wasuineron, D. C., August 25, 1930. 2664—30 _ | delilqay in ii pre + pars C ansinnyso vftiicnlay bis eatnerdil Sete eal castes) dice Sree tits AT Teddetea est senile ie ) ogee inet ge Tete, Sih RIC eer Kp awiielod otto det ahi std Ro capes Dae. oe pe ie aliniaes nto: ‘ ligt haciorshabo) PALO Vet ee he A) apenas) PRES OMe A erat. pi). aalionie 4) LGh aside,’ doehie Janes eatery . Pea RE: GaNbS HG MAT accion Mt ah pail ey ois: tyl “TWO ad gah i if Megaqat, eabuis aN wwe, 8, Au eb Nannies iF a uN oC. at Wi Neca t 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS AupricH, J. M. New genera and species of muscoid flies. No. 2812, pp. 1-18. November 16, 1929+ New genera: Gluioxys, Callotroxis, Cartocometes, Trophomyia. New species: Johnsonia frontalis, Glutoxys elegans, Phorocera rusti, Gaediopsis rufescens, Huantha flava, Callotroxis edwardsi, Cartocomeies io, Trophomyia pictipennis. Revision of the two-winged flies of the genus Coelopa Meigen in North America. No. 2808, pp. 1-6. November 16, 1929? New species: Coelopa nebularum, C. stejnegeri. . A-revision of the two-winged flies of the genus Proce- cidochares in North America with an allied new genus. No. foes. JUNG (sl ORO 8 2 ee Ne New genus: Callachna. New species: Procecidochares flavipes, P. grindeliae, P. pleu- ralis, New variety: Procecidochares atra, var. australis. Auten, H. W., and H. A. Jaynes. Contribution to the tax- onomy of Asiatic wasps of the genus Tiphia (Scoliidae). Nos 2844.) pe./1—105.\ March? 5, LOS0 7228 oe ee on New species: Tiphia ovidorsalis, T. antigenata, T. assamensis, T. tegitiplaga, T. fossata, T. communis, T. totopunctata, T. sternodentata, T. singularis, T. notopolita, T. sternocarinata, T. brevicarinata, T. capillata, T. levipunctata, T. phyllophagae, T. ovinigris, T. inconspicua, T. nervidirecta, T. brevistigma, T. brevilineata, T. cilicincta, T. fukiensis, T. asericae, T. ma- tura, T. pullivora, T. biseculata, T. pigmentata, T. clauseni, T. longitegulata, T. latistriata, T. minutopunctata, T. nana. New variety: Tiphia notopolita, var. intermedia. assirn, Ray S))(see'Canu, Ferdinand) {i222 202-22 LoL Berry, Wixiarp, and Louis Kreriny. The Foraminifera of the Ripley formation on Coon Creek, Tennessee. No. 2816, peel oO eeecember LO M129 ae hy a BO Pere eae ee New species: Reophagx coonensis, Textularia ripleyensis, Oris- tellaria wadei, Vaginulina wadei, Discorbis ripleyensis, Trun- catulina coonensis, T. ripleyensis, T. wadei, Anomalina ten- nesseensis, A. nelsoni, A. coonensis, A. wadei, Quinqueloculina wadei, Q. coonensis. Article 15 it 17 18 19 1Date of publication. VI ; TABLE OF CONTENTS New varieties: Reophax cylindricus, var. ripleyensis, Textularia sagittula, var. coonensis, Lagena sulcata, var. semiinterupta, Cristellaria orbicularis, var. minuta, Rotalia beccarii, var. ripleyensis. Boscuma, H. Briarosaccus callosus, a new genus and new species of a Rhizocephalan parasite of Lithodes agassizii Smith. No. 2804, pp. i-8. Mareh 13, 1930 tee ee New genus: Briarosaccus. New species: Briaroseccus callosus. Bucuanan, L. L. North American species of the weevils of the Otiorhynchid genus Mesagroicus. No. 2801, pp. 1-14. HIVE OV eas AMMEN 215 OOO AU RM LO New species: Mesagroicus minor, M. oblongus, M. plumosus, M. elongatus, M. hispidus, M. strigisquamosus, M. ocularis. New varieties: Mesagroicus eiongatus, var. nevadianus, M. e., var. incertius. Canu, Frerpinanp, and Ray S. Basster. The bryozoan fauna of the Galapagos Islands. No. 2810, pp. 1-78. January BO) POSO4 2 no tele ee i New genera: Hnantiosula, Pachycleithonia, Uodonella, Diplo- notos. New species: Membrendoecium claustracrassum, Callipora ver- rucosa, Caulorampkus brunea, Semihaswellia sulcosa, Dakaria sertata, Hippomenella parvicapitata, Microporelia gibbosula, M. tractabilis, Enantiosula manica, Pachycleithonia nigra, Codonelia granulata, Dipionotos cosiulatum, D. striatum, Adeona tubulifera, Lagenipora verrucosa, L. marginata, Holo- poreila quadrispinosa, H. hexagonalis, H. porosa, Osthimosia anatina, Hippoporidra granulosa, Hippotrema (?) spiculifera, Chaperia condylata, Proboscina lamellifera, Microecia twbia- bortiva, Diapercecia striatula, D. subpapyracea, D. meandrina, Cavaria praesens. . CusumMan, R. A. New species of Ichneumon-flies and taxo- nomic notes. No. 2822, pp. 1-18. January 6, 1930 ?________ New genus: Pycnaulacus. New species: Chremocryptus mesorufus, Trichocrypius ailanticus, emiteles hungerfordi, Mefacoclus cavicola, Paniscus platypes, Sesioplexr canadensis, Pristomerus bawmhoferi, Cremastus car- pocapsae, C. rhyacionice, C. pterophori, Brachistes strigitergum, Microbracon tendicivorus, M. wichancoi, Pyenaulacus brevi- caudus. New combinations: Anisobas texensis, Amblytecies velox, Crypius paiiensis, Rhembobius abdominalis, Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) hartii, Cremastidea Cremastus chinensis, Allophrys oculatus. New names: Hemiteles gyrinophagus, Hymenderleimia. Article 18 25 1Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS Hisurr, W. S. New species of Buprestid beetles from Costa Rica: pe. 2803, pp. t1—20.,,. October, 22,1929 2. ae New species: Agrilus trypantiformis, A. rdventazonus, A. ochra- ceomaculatus, A. sesostris, A. nevermanni, A. obsoleiovitiatus, A. viridicephatus, A. coeruleonigra, A. turrialbensis, Taphre cerus brevicarinatus, Brachys nevermanni. Hess, Franx L. Oélites or cave pearls in the Carlsbad Cav- era, No. 261s, pp. san October 28, 1029 tue Nan yo Horrnmetster, J. Epwarp. A new fossil coral from the Cretace- ous of Texas. No. 2820, pp. 1-3. December 31, 19297____ New species: Hindeastraee collinensis. fieyNEs iat. A. (mee Allen, H.W.) 2-2-2222 ee Kaurninys bowrer(seeBerry..W ilard)) essence oe eos ere ts 3 y Kirk, Enwin. Mitrospira, a new Ordovician gasteroped genus. Nor Joro7 Op lo. saniary otgoO 2. Ne eS New genus: Mitrespire. New spec’es: Mitrospirae longwelii. Lynn, W. Garpner. A nearly complete carapace of a fossil turtie, Amyda virginiana (Clark). No. 2825, pp. i-4. De- LE 51a) EG LIS 4 Lo so | ch Nn ae Dr Ey PS Marsuat, Wiuaram B. New fossil land ae fresh-water mol- lusks from the Reynosa formation of Texas. No. 2798, pp. P—Ggen une MA G2O fis i ue Maas asta oie te Nell Mery Vy New genera: Plicondvias, Honaias, Aniedipiodcn New species: Pliconaias popenoci, Honaias reynosenica, Aniedi- piodon dewittensis, Polygyra myersi. . Three new land shells of the genus Orechelix from Arizona. No. 2802, pp. 1-3. October 10, 1929*_.--____--- New species: Gresielia houghi. New subspecies: Oreohelix yavapai vausce, O. héughi win- Sslowwensis. Parr, Arperr Eye. Notes on the Myctophine fishes repre- sented by type specimens in the United States Nat ional Museum. No. 2807, pp. 147. December 27, 1929 *_______- New species: Lampanyctus taaningi. New subspecies: Myciophum fibulaiwn proxvimum. Peeinuerysy eras (see UV: Wilson) 20 eee be ae Ponzi, Erwin R. The Middle Devonian Traverse group of 9 © r rocks in Michigan. A summary of existing knowledge. Not 281i pp. 1-34... January kO,19804ee oe i Vil Article 6 ho 10 1 Date of publication. Vill TABLE OF CONTENTS Article Price, Exmrerr W. ‘Two new species of trematodes of the genus Parametorchis from fur-bearing animals. No. 2809, pp: 1d) iNovemberrl9s 19207 semana aan ieneey ead 12 New species: Parametorchis intermedius, P. canadensis. Rernuarp, H. J. Notes on the muscoid flies of the genera Opelousia and Opsodexia, with the description of three new species. No. 2817, pp. 1-9. November 27, 1929+__________ 20 New species: Opelousia fiavescens, Opsodexia abdominalis, O. cruciaia. Resser, Cuartes E. New Lower and Middle Cambrian crustacea. No. 2806, pp. 1-18. December 27, 1929 1______ 9 New genus: Roddyia. New species: J'uzoia burgessensis, T. canadensis, T. polleni, T, nodosa, T. spinosa, T. praemorsa, T. getzi, T. 2? dunbari, Anomatlocaris pennsylwanica, A. cronbrookensis, Protocaris pretiosa, Roddyia typa. SreeHEenson, Liroyp W. Two new mollusks of the genera Ostrea and Exogyra from the Austin chalk, Texas. No. 2815,\pp: 1-6," December 28,1929". SMa ee Aes ee eee 18 New species: Ostrea centerensis, Hxogyra tigrina. Urricu, E.O. Ordovician trilobites of the family Telephidae and concerned stratigraphic correlations. No. 2818, pp. 11017 Mepriamy 14, G80 2. 2. ee 21 New genus: Glaphurina. New species: Telephus jamtlandicus, T. haddingi, T. linnarssoni, T. reedi, T, mysticensis, T. bicornis, T. latus, T. pusiwlatus, T. spiniferus, T. sinuatus, T. bipunctatus, T. impunctatus, T. prattensis, T'. tellicoensis, T. transversus, T. hircinus, T. dilunatus, T. buttsi, Glaphurus latior, Glaphurina lamottensis, G. brevicula, G. faleifera. _ New varieties: Telephus mysticensis, var. simulator, T. spinifer- ous calhounensis. Vaveuan, THomas WayLanp. Descriptions of new species of foraminifera of the genus Discocyclina from the Eocene of Mexico: No: 2800,: pp. 1-18: .:Jume 10,71929 7222. abe 3 New species: Discocyclina weaveri, D. perpusilla, D. cushmani, D. zaragosensis, D. cloptoni, D. stephensoni, D. paienquensis. New variety: Discocyclina weaveri, var. pervipapilata. Wermors, Arexanprr. A systematic classification for the birds of the world. No. 2821, pp. 1-8. January 8, 1930*_- 24 Wison, H. V., and J. T. Penney. A new variety of the hexactinellid sponge, Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni (Lambe) and the species of Rhabdocalyptus. No. 2805, pp. 1-9. Febru- New variety: Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni, var. alascensés. 1 Date of publication. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES Facing page NEW FOSSIL LAND AND FBESH-WATER MOLLUSKS FROM THH REYNOSA FORMATION OF TEXAS By William B. Marshall 1. New mollusks from the Reynosa formation of Texas______-_____---__ DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF F'ORAMINIFERA OF THE GENUS DISCOCYCLINA FROM THE HOCENE oF MExIco By Thomas Wayland Vaughan Discocyclina weaveri and D. weaveri var. parvipapillata_________----_- Discocyclina cristensis and D. perpusilla______-_-___-__-_---__-______- MD USCOCYGULILONCUSTETIVG NID Stee ks Bae SE due ebs pela 2 ee Discocyclina zaragosensis and D. palenquensis_____-~_---------------~ VES COCCI CLOT CONG ea ae POR ee DISGOCUCUNG SLEDRENSONts. eee ee ee able te ST Mae ee WASCOCUCHANALD MLN GILENSta ness = SE TUNE oN Us EDs AY TM ea ee PA TAH NortH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE WEEVILS OF THE OTIORHYNCHID GENUS MESAGROICUS By &. L. Buchanan 1. Mesagroicus herricki (Male). 2. M. elongatus (female) _—__---------- Paris Varlous species Of WMCSOOTOICUS= = eae ae THREE NEW LAND SHELLS OF THH GENUS OREOHELIX FROM ARIZONA By William B. Marshall ie Newland shells'or the senus Oreoneltaua. 22 ES ees eee eee A NEW VARIETY OF THE HEXACTINELLID SPONGE RHABDOCALYPTUS DAWSONI (LAMBE) AND THE SPECIES OF RHABDOCALYPTUS By H. V. Wilson and J. 'T. Penney eA NEW VALICGY (OL SPOTS Cmte eek PIF SPERUI CEE Ms eS ENUN ME ld oe AS New LoOweER AND MIDDLE CAMBRIAN CRUSTACEA By Charles E. Resser eC OUERIZTC LITER LNW Al CO bhai es aes ai Ta i ee Reh rere SRE aeMiddie and lower Cambrian erustaces+—i22242 8) ae 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 14 14 10 18 18 XG ILLUSTRATIONS Facing page 3. Tuzoia from British Columbia and Manchuria____.._________________ 18 4) SBULeZessi SHAS y CRUST CC Se ae B NE Se Babe CA, gE EE CORMAN 27 tO 18 Ep LO WET VTTN OTST ST CLUS CA CED tae ce i ae a EAT a 18 6-7. Lower and Middle Cambrian crustacea_.o_._—=+--.--______ 18 THe BrRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS ; By Ferdinand Canu and Ray S. Bassler 1-14 Brvozoa,ot Gala pasos Islands uw we! Se ee eee 62-75 ho oe lee QE THE MippLe DEVONIAN TRAVERSE GROUP OF ROCKS IN MICHIGAN. A SUMMARY OF EXISTING KNOWLEDGE By Erwin R. Poh! . Locations of sections from which the complete sequence of Traverse beds in the Traverse Bay district may be derived________-_-__------ Geclogical section at Bay View railroad station______________------- OGLITES OR CAVE PEARLS IN THE CARLSBAD CAVERNS By Frank L. Hess Cave pearis from Carisbad Caverns, New Mexico__—-____________-____ Sections of spherical cave pearls from Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico_ Sections of OGdlitic sand from Great Salt Lake, Utah __-__-____________ Phosphate rock from Wyoming showing Odiitic structure_____________ Elongated cave pearl from Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico, and section of an Odlite of nickel________ Natl USN eA ACES ie A 1 Co Specimensijshowine. (concentric structure) 2202s eee Cave pearls from Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico____----_-__-_---~- Cave pearls from Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico__--________-------- CONTRIBUTION TO THE TAXONOMY OF ASIATIC WASPS OF THE GENUS TIPHIA (ScoLmpAgE) By H. W. Allen and H. A. Jaynes 1-4; Waspsof the: genus: \Piphige cen ese Se ee ie 2. 3. TWO NEW MOLLUSKS OF THE GENERA OSTREA AND Hx0OGYRA FROM THE AUSTIN CHALK, TEXAS By Lioyd W. Stephenson A new ‘species of fossiloyster from; Texas. sue eee A new species’ of ‘fossil oyster from Texas. 24. ie eee eee A new species of Hxogyra with color markings preserved_______-----_ Tur FORAMINIFERA OF THE RIPLEY FORMATION ON COON CREEK, TENNESSEE By Willard Berry and Louis Kelley 34 34 oO Oo OD SO & OS Dd 104 for) 1-3. Foraminifera of the Ripley formation .____.--_-----.-_-----___- 18-20 ILLUSTRATIONS ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES OF THE FAMILY TELEPHIDAH AND CONCERNED STRATIGRAPHIC CORKELATIONS By E. GO. Ulrich Facing page 1-8. Ordovician trilobites of the family Telephidae____________________ MirrospirnA, A NEW ORDOVICIAN GASTEROPOD GENUS ’ By Hdwin Kirk 1-8. Mitrospira, longwelli, a new genus and species_____________________ A NEW FOSSIL CORAL FROM THE CRETACEOUS OF TEXAS By J. Hdward Hoffmeister io @reraceous: corals from Texass = oe a eee A N@HARLY COMPLETH CARAPACE OF A FOSSIL TURTLE, AMYDA VIRGIN- IANA (CLARK) By W. Gardner Lynn 1. Nearly cemplete carapace of Amyda virginiana (Clark) __~__________ 2. Fragments of costal, plate of Amyda virginiana (Clark) ~___________ TEXT FIGURES NortH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE WEEVILS OF TBE OTIORHYNCHID GENUS M&ESAGROICUS By L. L. Buchanan 1. Distribution of species of Mesagroicus in the United States________ BRIAROSACCUS CALLOSUS, A NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES OF A RHIZOCEPHALAN PARASITE GF LITHODES AGASSIZIL SMITH By H. Boschma HAD TGCGOSACCWS COLLOSUS. Tight subaces Me uw slew WU ee ee ae 2. Briarosaccus callosus, part ot the mantle, with the mantle opening___ 3. Briarosaccus calicsus, the greater part of the mantle, internal surface_ 4. Briarosaccus callosus, visceral mass, right surface___._________-_____- 5. Briarosaccus callosus, part of a transverse section 0 in Figure 4, SHHONVIN ES TNE: SESH EN KI i lew ea ME Ey AE pe PS 6. Briarosaccus callosus, part of a transverse section, @ in Figure 4, show- insconetor the colleteric! Slandss swe eee) eh 7. Briarosaccus caliosus. a, section through the mantle showing the two layers of the external cuticie, the internal cuticle, and the epi- thelium, muscles, and lacunae of the mantle, X18. 0b, excrescences of the external cuticle, seen from above, X660_._________-___-_--___ 8. Briarosaccus callosus, retinacula. a, part of the internal cuticle with retinacula, X45. 6, c, and d, three different retinacula, X3830______ 90-98 Page 3 Hm 09 OO Bb XII ILLUSTRATIONS NOTES ON THE SPECIES OF MYCTOPHINE FISHES REPRESENTED BY TYPE SPECIMENS IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MusEUM By Albert Hide Parr Facing page 1. Diagrammatic drawing illustrating the terminology of the luminous organs as applied to Myctophum ecaliformiense. L. Sc.=supracaudal PUNTO US (SCLC Sta ec an IR a 2. Myctophum crenulare Jordanvand @ilbert222- ee eee SW ALYCLOO NUN ANIL ALOT At iss a oe 2 ee eee 4, Myctophum californiense Higenmann and Higenmann______________ 5. Type specimen of Lampanyctus giintheri Goode and Bean. Supra- and Infra-caudalllUMiINOUSISCALES AOS tate ee ee eat ee GS Tampon yerus Menicanius Gilb eiho aes sree ees a ee i LHOIMPANYCOLS MLCroChir Giller tases 22 eee ee ee ee 8. Lampoanyctus nannochim Gilbett.222 Sane ee 9. Lampanyctus macdonaldi Goode and Bean ________--_--§ 0: Lampanyetus punetatissimaus! Gilbert 22 22222 ss 8 eee eee i Lampanyctus reqalis(Gilbertites 2) eat ae eee 2 Lampanyctus alatus, Goode and) Beane oe ee 13. Lampanyctus crocodilus Risso, drawn from the type specimen of L. gemmifer 'Goodevand! Bean. sas 2 eee ees Se Us 14) Diaphus urotampus Gilbert and Cramers.] 22222 ee ee LS DiGpnUs WADDONENStS: Grler ie se ee eee ee ae ee 16. Diaphus rajinesquei Cocco. Represented by the type specimen of D. theta Wigenmann and Higenmann, D. protoculus Gilbert, and DS sn Ges AGO res 2 Uae eas RS SN Cae ee ee 17. Frontal view of the head of Diaphus chrysorhynchus Gilbert and Cramer, showing the antorbital and supraorbital organs__________ 18. Diaphus chrysorhynchus Gilbert and Cramer________________._-_-_-_-_ 19 Diaphuswatase: Jordan and Starkes 2a eens ee 20) Diaphus effulgens Goode and Beans 2205. eee ae ee eae 21 Dips ean We” GIDC GA ca ee eee EG a ee Two NEW SPECIES OF TREMATODES OF THE GENUS PARAMETORCHIS FROM FUR-BEARING ANIMALS By Emmett W. Price 1. Parametorchis intermedius, new species. Ventral view_------------_ 2. Paramentorchis canadensis, new species. Dorsal view-------_-~----- THE BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS By Ferdinand Cann and Ray S. Bassler 1. Schizopodrella (Stephanosella) biaperta Michelin, 1842. Two oper- CUNT A POS a ee Oy bo a baby ae ed atid BEE Lb eae ee 2. Dakaria sertata, new species. Three forms of opercula, X85_-__--__ 3. Hippomenelia parvicapitata, new species. A-—C, different forms of opercula,, X85 2 Na iA evi ea Be eed es ina ap ae ee 4, Opercula of Microporella, X85. A, M. tractabilis, new species. B, M., otbbosula, new Speciessas. s44 0 vo eee abies oe “1 Ol bb 10 15 16 17 19 21 23 24 26 27 30 31 34 16 18 19 20 ILLUSTRATIONS XIII Facing page 5. Hnantiosula manica, new genus and species. A-—C, different forms of opercula, X85. D-—F, mandibles of avicularium, X85____________ 23 6. Pachycleithonia nigra, new genus and species. Sketch of the orifice of a peristome, X85; Gc, oblique condyles; g, cup; m, proximal TTY UE CTO I heed a So eA Ja eT a a ep al oh fy Bi 25 7. Codonella granulata, new genus and species. Three forms of oper- CRT RE SES As Sa TL ee eee es eT NS AOU ie Aa oe 2 ad ls 29 8. Genus Holoporelia Waters, 1909. A, B, opercula, X85 of H. triden- ticulata Busk, 1881, the first with the proximal border and the second bearing traces of the tentacular sheath. C—-E, H. Quadri- spinosa, new species. C, D, two opercula, X85, and H, mandible of an interzooecial avicularium, X85, with thick border and a columnella. The interior decorations mark the limits of the mus- cular fibers. F, G, H. Hexagonalis, new species. Opercula, X85. H-J, H. porosa, new species. Different forms of opercula, X85__ if 9. Osthimosia anatina, new species. A, operculum, X85, with its two small muscular attachments. B-—D, mandibles, X85; B, of a small interzooecial avicularium, C, of an abnormal interzooecial avicula- rium, and D, of an interzcoecial avicularium with duckbill form__ 42 10. Hippotrema and Hippoperidra, Canu and Bassler, 1927. A—C, Hippo- trema spiculifera, new species; A, B, opercula, X85, and C, mandi- ble of an ayicularium, X85. D, operculum, X85 of Hippoporidra GRANAULOSOP EN OW SO CCICG at ae ren tect eed Se Pe ee eR Ete 44 11. Diaperoecia meandrina, new species. A, longitudinal section, X16, through a branch made in the zoarial axis but not parallel to the direction of the tubes. The gemmation has the appearance of triparietal alone. B, longitudinal section, 18, made in the direc- tion of certain tubes where the dorsal gemmation is somewhat apparent. OC, portion of the same section, 55, showing the monili- form structure of the wall. D, transverse section, X16, exhibiting the double median lamella and the two berenicoid lobes growing back to back and becoming free. The tubes are cylindrical and Separatedqby: ay.calcareouswtiSSUe see ee eee 51 12. Tubulipora tubulifera Lamcureux. A, example, X2. B, sketch show- ing selvage. C, specimen with ovicell, X12. D, an _ ovicelled example showing two oecicstomes. Recent, St. Raphael and Naples (atter Waters, 1922) as Jf. senpens2._s-= a eee eee 53 18. Cavaria praesens, new species. A, longitudinal section of a cylindri- eal branch, X16, showing the tubes adjacent to the median lamella. B, transverse section, X16, exhibiting the cylindrical tubes and the median lamella. The gmall pores adjacent to the lamellae are tubes while the minute disseminated pores are mesopores_______-~ 59 CONTRIBUTION TO THE TAXONOMY OF ASIATIC WASPS OF THE GENUS TIPHIA (SCOLIIDAE) By H. W. Allien and H. A. Jaynes i. Outline sketch of a female Tiphia showing dorsal aspect in toto, and lateral aspect of the thoracic region; a, areola; a gr, antero-medical groove of scutum; do pro, dorsal aspect of propodeum; d@ pr, dorsal pronotum; 7, front; J car, lateral carina of areola; 1 pro, lower por- tion of sides of propeodeum; m, mandible; m c p, medial carina of XIV ILLUSTRATIONS Facing page posterior aspect of propodeum; mes, mesepisternum; m cal, major calcarium of the hind tibia; m car, medial carina of the areola; mt, metathorax; m, notauli of scutum; oc, ocelli ; p pro, posterior aspect of propodeum: pre, prepectus; pyg, pygidium; r e, radial cell; sct, scutellum ; s cw c, second cubital cell; s int, second intercubital vein; 8s pr, side of pronotum; t, tegula; w pro, upper portion of the side of the: propodeumss) 0, Vertex se ein ele i ad a 2 3 NEW FOSSIL LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSKS FROM THE REYNOSA FORMATION OF TEXAS By Witiram B. MarsHaLu Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, United States National Museum A lot of fossil mollusks and fossil teeth of mammals submitted for examination by the Roxana Petroleum Corporation of St. Louis, Mo., through John C. Myers of their office at Houston, Tex., was accom- panied by the following data: Surface samples of rock containing fossils located in south central De Witt County, Tex., along the Guadalupe River. These samples are thought to be in place, and occur in what is known as the Reynosa Formation of Tertiary Age. De Witt County is northeast of central Texas. The Guadalupe River crosses it near its middle, and continuing its southeasterly course finally reaches San Antonio Bay on the Gulf coast. ‘In 1890 Penrose described a deposit of limestone containing many peb- bles and cobbles under the name ‘ Reynosa limestone,’ from the town of Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico. This limestone overlies what was then called the Fayette sand at Reynosa, directly across the Rio Grande from Hidalgo, Tex. Penrose found recent shells embedded in the surface exposures of this formation, and thinking it was Recent included it in his ‘ post-Tertiary’ formations.”’ ! The name ‘‘ Uvalde formation” proposed by Dumble in 1891 for another part of the same formation is no longer in use. The fossil teeth included in the sending were submitted to Dr. J. W. Gidley, of the division of vertebrate paleontology of the United States National Museum, who says they belonged to extinct horses and rhinoceri and indicate that the deposit is probably of the Pliocene series. The fact that the mollusks are all extinct helps to confirm the belief that the formation belongs to the Pliocene. The molluscan fossils are in poor condition, but one is sufficiently well preserved to show that it is a land shell, probably of the genus Polygyra. The others are bivalves, most of them internal casts: Some of them retain part of the beak sculpture, the character of which proves beyond doubt that they are pearly fresh-water mussels, 1A.C. Trowbridge: Professional Paper U. S. Geological Survey, No. 131-D, p. 98, 1923. No. 2798. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 76, ART..1 41198—29 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76 Additional proof that they belong in this group of mollusks is found in the general form. Their abundance indicates that the Reynosa formation was of fresh-water origin. The land shell was probably fossilized after being washed into the water, or perhaps it lived on plants on the surface and dropped in and became fossilized. The fossils are composed of chalky calcium carbonate. The matrix is of the same kind of material, somewhat more compact, and in parts composed of calcite in the form of small crystals. A few small pebbles, probably of quartz, are included in the matrix. The literature relating to the Reynosa formation is quite extensive. Two of the most recent papers are: 1923. A. C. TRowsBrivce: A geological reconnaissance in the Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas, near the Rio Grande (U.S. Geological Survey, Professional _ Paper 131—-D, pp. 98-100). Regarding fossils he says (p. 100): ‘‘No fossils have been found in the Reynosa formation except the remains of land snails, crayfish, jack-rabbits, and a few other animals which have become embedded in the surface as the limestone has been dis- solved and redeposited, and except the fossils originally deposited in the formations from which the gravel was derived.”’ 1924. ALEXANDER DerussEeNn: Geology of the Coastal Plain of Texas west of the Brazos River (U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 126, pp. 102-108). He says (p. 103): ‘‘ No fossils have been found in the formation.” Footnotes to these two papers give references to many other papers — relating to the subject. Three of the mussels and the land shell retain enough of their features to warrant the descriptions given below. PLICONAIAS, new genus Shell subquadrate. Beaks with a number of wavy concentric undulations. Posteriorly each undulation is completed by a fine straight threadlike riblet running across the posterior dorsal area toward the beak. Anteriorly the undulations nearly fade out but are indistinctly completed by faint riblets curving toward the beak. Posterior portion of the shell with several rude plications running obliquely across the surface and of the pattern found in the plicate North American naiades such as Amblema costata Rafinesque; Megalonaias gigantea Barnes, Plectomerus trapezoides Lea. Type.—Fliconaias popenoei, new species, described below. Plicate naiades are found in the Upper Cretaceous formation of Wyoming and Utah, but do not beiong to this genus. PLICONAIAS POPENOEI, new species Plate 1, Figures 1, 9 Shell subquadrate (posterior dorsal portion lost but evidently the form of the shell approximated that of Amblema costata Rafinesque). ART. 1 NEW LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSKS—MARSHALL 3 Anterior margin regularly curved, rounding into the ventral margin, which is slightly curved but subparallel to the dorsal margin. Beak set far forward, about 10 mm. behind the extreme anterior end and 56 mm. in front of the extreme posterior end. A distinct Junule under the beak. Beak ornamented with a number of concentric, waving undulations, the main portion of each subparallel to the dorsal margin and strongest on the posterior ridge. On the pos- terior area a fine, nearly straight, threadlike line runs from each undulation in the direction of the beak. Anteriorly, irregular, nearly obsolete lines curve from the undulations to the beak. Pos- terior ridge high; anterior ridge not differentiated from the general surface of the shell. Concentric sculpture consisting of many deeply impressed lines of growth, with indications of fine concentric striae between them. Posterior half of the shell with several very promi- nent plications, set obliquely across the surface, parallel to the posterior ridge. In front of these are indications of several other plications which have become obsolete or which did not develop. On the posterior area of the young shell are several fine lines running from the ridge to the posterior margin. These may indicate the flutings found on the posterior area of many plicate natades, but which can not be seen in this specimen because part of the later shell is broken away. The type (Cat. No. 370999, U.S.N.M.) measures: Length, 66 mm.; height, 47 mm.; diameter, if both valves were present, would be about 36 mm. As pointed out in the description of the genus Pliconaias, this shell is very closely related to the plicate North American naiades and may be the ancestor of some or all of them. The sculpture of the beak is such that the loss of a few undulations would convert it to the style found in Amblema, while an increase in their number and irregularity might produce the kind found in Megalonaias and Plectomerus. The species is named in honor of Willis P. Popenoe, of the United States Geological Survey. EONAIAS, new genus Fresh-water mussels of the family Unionidae, having the beaks with numerous V-shaped loops, which are nearly regularly spaced, and which “nest” into each other, the V’s pointing toward the ventral margin. Posterior area with fine riblets running from the posterior ridge tothe margin. Type Honaias reynosenica, new species, described below. The nearest relative seems to be Quadrula petrina Gould, a pearly mussel now living in Texan waters, and which has a somewhat similar form and beak sculpture. Honaias shows also some relation to 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76 Psoronaias Crosse and Fischer, of which a couple of species are found living in northeastern Mexico, namely, Psoronaias herrerae Marshall and Psoronaias semigranosus von dem Busch, and several other species in Guatemala. In Psoronaias the beak ornamentation is indistinctly of the nested V pattern and the undulations are broken into numerous granules. Both genera have riblets on the posterior area running from the ridge to the margin. The beak ornamentation is related to that of some of the Naiades of the upper Cretaceous formation of Wyoming and Utah. EONAIAS REYNOSENICA, new species Plate 1, Figures 3, 4, 6 Shell nearly quadrate, inflated, somewhat oblique. Dorsal margin arcuate, making nearly a right angle with the posterior margin. Ven- tral margin well rounded, curving abruptly, almost angularly, into the posterior margin, and slopingly rounding into the anterior margin, which is regularly curved and offsets at its upper part to allow for a large lunule under the beak. Beak set well forward, about 10 mm. back of the extreme front end and 32 mm. in front of the extreme rear end. Posterior ridge high, roundly angular. Anterior ridge not so well marked, but the anterior area making a rapid descent from the disk of the shell to the margin. Beak with V-shape undulations, ‘“‘nesting”’ one within another, those distant from the beak tending to break into granules, especially on the anterior area. Posterior area with a number of riblets running from the posterior ridge to the margin. Concentric sculpture strong. Cavity of the shell deep, the anterior adductor scar deeply punched. Pseudocardinal teeth mas- sive, laterals thick and short. The type (Cat. No. 371001, U.S.N.M.) measures: Length, 42 mm.; height, 33 mm.; diameter, if both valves were present, would be about 24 mm. Other specimens (Cat. No. 371002, U.S.N.M.) have about the same proportions as the type. The largest measures: Length, 48 mm.; height, 38 mm.; diameter, if both valves were present, would be about 34 mm. In the type some of the beak characters are almost worn away and indistinct. In some of the paratypes they are very well preserved | ANTEDIPLODON, new genus Characterized by elongate form, abrupt anterior end, and especially by the sculpture of the beak, which consists of several fine, clear-cut, direct, radiating riblets. The type is Unio dumblei Simpson.? (PI. 1, figs. 2, 8.) 2Simpson, Description of four new Triassic Unios from the Staked Plains of Texas. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, no. 1072,-1896, p. 383, text fig.3. ART. 1 NEW LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSKS—MARSHALL 5 It came from “Five miles northeast of Dockum, head of Duck Creek, Dickens County, Tex.” Unio graciliratus Simpson,’ p. 384, text fig. 4, and Unio dockumensis Simpson,’ p. 385, text fig. 5, belong in this new genus. The fourth species described by Simpson, Unio subplanatus Simpson,” p. 383, text figs. Nos. 1 and 2, is a large fresh- water mussel but does not fall into Antediplodon and can hardly be an Elliptio ( Unio). At the time Simpson’s paper was published the old classification of the pearly fresh-water mussels was’still in use, and the importance of beak characters had not yet been fully recognized, hence his use of the generic name Unio for all of them. He points out the resem- blance of the beak sculpture to that of some of the South American naiades. Had the new classification been in use it is probable that Simpson would have done as is being done in this paper; that is, he would have formed a new genus for the three species mentioned above as belonging to Antediplodon. ‘This new genus became neces- sary to receive the species described below. ANTEDIPLODON DEWITTENSIS, new species Plate 1, Figure 7 Shell wedge-shaped, having its greatest diameter near the anterior end; tapering somewhat and having its least diameter at the pos- terior extremity. Beaks set far forward, about 7 mm. behind the extreme front end and about 40 mm. in front of the extreme rear end. Posterior dorsal margin nearly straight; ventral margin slightly curved, apparently joining the posterior margin in a blunt point and sharply rounding into the anterior margin. Posterior ridge lacking; anterior ridge very high, rounded. Anterior area nearly truncate, a rather large lunule near the beaks. The type (Cat. No. 371003, U.S.N.M.) measures: Length, about 47 mm. (estimated, because a portion of the rear end is lacking); height, about 24 mm.; greatest diameter, about 24 mm. This species is well characterized by its donaciform shape. The common east American marine shell Donax fossor Say if greatly en- larged would have about the same form. The species is not closely related to any other known species, recent or fossil. Its nearest rel- ative is Antediplodon dumblei Simpson (Unio dumbler). POLYGYRA MYERSI, new species Plate 1, Figures 5, 10 Shell with spire depressed-conic; base full and rounded; whorls six, flattened, narrow except the last which is moderately broad. Sutures weil marked; periphery somewhat angulate; sculpture of 4 Simpson, Description of four new Triassic Unios from the Staked Plains of Texas. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, no. 1072, 1896, p. 383, text fig. 3. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76 numerous, rather coarse riblets of growth. Umbilicus filled but apparently wide and deep. Aperture filled, apparently rounded and extending very little below the base. The type (Cat. No. 371005, U.S.N.M.) measures: Greater dinvaauat 14 mm.; lesser diameter, 12 mm.; altitude, 64% mm. This at THR may be closely al to Polygyra texasiana Maricamae but is larger and the material filling the aperture makes it pene to say whether or not there were teeth. The species is named for John C. Myers, of Houston, Tex., who sent the material on which this paper is based. EXPLANATION OF PLATE Fia. 1. Pliconaias popenoet (beak sculpture), new species. X 2. 2. Antediplodon dumblei Simpson (beak sculpture). X 5. 3. Honaias reynosenica, new species. 4. Eonaias reynosenica (beak sculpture of paratype). X 2. 5. Polygyra myersi (front view), new species. X 2. 6. Eonaias reynosenica, new species. 7. Antediplodon dewittensis, new species. 8. Antediplodon dumblez Simpson. 9. Pliconaias popenoei, new species. 10. Polygyra myersi (top view), new species. X 2. O U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 76, ART. 1 PL. 1 NEw MOLLUSKS FROM THE REYNOSA FORMATION OF TEXAS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 6 ‘ 7 y a ae aha iz eet 7 aS writ . =i ’ PSEA) ) ee if oe SMUG Aen ee iz Md eile PS oft aries 2D, A REVISION OF THE TWO-WINGED FLIES OF THE GENUS PROCECIDOCHARES IN NORTH AMERICA, WITH AN ALLIED NEW GENUS By J. M. AupricH Associate Curator, Division of Insects, United States National Museum Besides adding three new species and one variety to the genus, the present paper includes several rearing records, some of which have been awaiting publication for more than 40 years. It also corrects an erroneous record which has been a source of confusion for many years. I am under obligation to Prof. H. B. Hungerford, of the University of Kansas, and Prof. R. L. Webster, of Washington State College, for the privilege of examining type material; and to Mr. Nathan Banks, of the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, Cambridge, Mass., for careful notes on the types in that institution. Prof. A.L.Melander sent me his collection, which contained the only specimen I have seen of Procecidochares penelope. Dr. F. R. Cole sent his material for study, and Mr. E. P. Van Duzee sent that of the California Academy of Sciences. Dr. R. D. Glasgow sent for examination the specimens which Doctor Felt had recorded from Utah. The Vienna Natural History museum also sent for examination its only specimen of Oedaspis multifasciata Loew, for which I am especially indebted to custodian H. Zerny. Prof. Fr. Hendel kindly pointed out to me a series of differences between this species and our American forms. Genus PROCECIDOCHARES Hendel Procecidochares HENDEL, Wien. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 33, 1914, (April 30), p. 91; Abh. Ber. Kénigl. Zool. Anthr-Ethnog. Mus. Dresden, vol. 14, 1914 (June 15), pp. 41, 42.—Brzz1, Broteria, ser. zool., vol. 18, 1920, p. 7.—Paxiuuies, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 338, 1923, pp. 122, 136. The type species was designated by Hendel in the first paper above as Trypeta atra Loew, a North American species which has until recent years been referred to Oedaspis, the genotype of which is Trypeta multifasciata Loew, a rare European species. This has the antennae far apart, the front very wide and not narrowed anteriorly, and still other differences from the group herein considered. Cecidochares' is - 1Bezzi, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, vol. 5, 1910, p. 20. No. 2799.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 76, ART. 2. 40752—29 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76 a South American genus nearly related, but having the third vein setulose; its type is rufescens Bezzi. The principal characters of Procecidochares are the following: The postorbital bristles are flattened and pale in color; the front bears only one upper orbital and two or three lower; there is a pair of dorsocentral bristles immediately behind the transverse suture of the thorax; the scutellum is swollen, globose and polished, and bears two pairs of bristles; the tergite preceding the ovipositor in the female is not shorter than the one before it; first vein setulose, third bare; wing with characteristic and quite uniform pattern consisting of a basal spot and three crossbands, of which the first and second are united in front and the third is oblique, close to costa, and does not extend much behind the fourth vein in the tip of the wing. Wings are figured by Loew, Snow, Doane, and Phillips. The common North American genus Rhagoletis has much the same wing pattern, but is easily distinguished by having the postorbital bristles dark and very slender, and the scutellum not swollen. There are so many peculiar characters in Trypeta gibba Loew that I make it the type of a new genus Callachna. KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PROCECIDOCHARES L. begs, wholly yellow. =4 =, o2-b bee ie sine se ee ee eee 2. Legs with, femora, blacks24 = .g__ St 29. ~ <5 one
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4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
In all the species the scales on certain regions of the body are
modified by a more or less complete splitting process, resulting in
what are here termed plumose scales.2, Roughly speaking, three
types, or three stages of development, are illustrated within the genus;
first, a weakly plumose type, in which only the margin of the scale is
affected, giving it a slightly frayed appearance; second, a form in
which the normally rounded scale is split entirely to base into a
number of filaments; third, a narrow, elongate type which consists
of a central stalk from which rise numerous short branches. The
most highly developed types have been found on the abdomen of
several western species, while, in the eastern species, feebly plumose
scales are present on the head, and front and rear coxae, in addition
to a few on third, fourth, and fifth, and along rear margins of first and
second abdominal segments. In Mesagroicus, the plumose scales
appear in different stages of development on different parts of the
body of the same individual; they are always smaller than the entire
scales of the same specimen; they are not present on the dorsum of
prothorax or elytra; and the deeply split forms occur in connection
with two other features, namely, a more pronounced striation of the
elytral scales, and a finer, denser abdominal punctation. With the
possible exception of Trigonoscuta Motschulsky and Plenaschopsis
Blaisdell, none of the many North American Otiorhynchid genera
examined for this character possess plumose scales approaching the
high development shown in several species of Mesagroicus.
What little is known of the biologies indicates that the genus is one
of general feeders and that some of the species may occasionally
become injurious to cultivated plants. The original set of herricki
Pierce was found damaging young cotton plants, while another
specimen of the same species was collected on cowpea. Several
specimens of minor are labeled as “‘injuring potatoes’’; while hispidus
was found “feeding on sugar beet’”’ in California.
In the key, minor and oblongus are separated principally by a differ-
ence in the length of the scape, measured across eye. The scape, in its
position of rest, lies along the lower margin of the eye, and it is neces-
sary, therefore, to carefully pull or push it up, by means of a needle,
until it bisects the eye, in order to accurately determine the relations
of the two. This operation is possible without relaxation of the
specimen and with little danger of breakage. It is needless to add
that the scape, when in the extended position, can not be rotated back
to the head without relaxation.
The 10 species and subspecies are divisible into three groups as
follows:
2Scales of this or a similar nature, which are present on many weevils, have been variously called
feathery, plumose, plumate, split, multifurcate, or shaggy by different writers.
ART. 4 NORTH AMERICAN WEEVILS—BUCHANAN 5
1. Basal margin of elytra (the deflexed portion extending downward to the
mesonotum) perpendicular, or nearly so, from side to side—about as in
Tanymecus confertus. (Fig. 17.) Legs setose and also with a coating of
large, rounded, appressed scales. Elytral scales dense and broadly over-
PAM at trad sre erecta see lk he ape ee Le ee oe ee ed 2:
la. Surface of elytra, in vicinity of scutellum, sloping gently forward and
downward to level of mesonotum, the basal margin perpendicular only at
the sides, about asin Melamomphus alternatus, etc. (Fig. 18.) Legs with
numerous hairs, but without appressed scales, the dense surface punctation
plainly visible. Elytral scales rounded, less numerous, and as a rule only
narrowly overlapping. Pacific Coast species--------------- Group III.
2. Form rather stout, the elytra slightly inflated behind. Elytral setae truncate
at tip, shorter, stouter, in a nearly regular single row along each interval,
and, in side view, distinctly curved and inclined. Pronotal tubercles
moderately to strongly developed, though sometimes obscured by a surface
erushai astern: species 4 OCU ine) yew (ey tee dee i oS Group I.
2a. Form more slender, subparallel. Elytral setae acute at tip (bristlelike),
longer, more numerous and less regular, and more nearly erect. Pronotum
noe tubperetilate.,: Western speciess. 42-22 2222 3-8 Group II.
GROUP I (MESAGROICUS sens. str.)
The four species included here are normally some shade of brown
in color, with more or less distinct paler markings often showing
around upper margin of eyes, sides of prothorax, and on humeri.
The elytra are sometimes obscurely and irregularly mottled with
darker and lighter blotches. The tarsi and claws are shorter and
stouter than in the western species. The plumose scales are few in
number and feeble in development (except in plumosus). The mete-
pisternal suture is sometimes visible, but frequently is covered by an
exudation. The elytral setae may be said to form a single regular
row along each interval, although this regularity is only approximate,
the setae often becoming slightly uneven or staggered in spots.
This tendency toward irregularity is more pronounced in herricki
and plumosus than in the first two species.
KEY TO GROUP I
1. Scales on first and second abdominal segments large (size of elytral scales) and
simple; punctures on these two segments moderate to large in size and well
separated (figs. 4 and 5); dorsal setae stouter__-.._-.-------------- 2.
la. Abdominal scales minute, plumose; abdominal punctures very small and
densely crowded; dorsal setae more slender__._.=-------.---------- 4.
2. Scape, when laid across middle of eye, reaching or slightly passing its hind
margin; size smaller, seldom as much as 4 mm.; elytral setae shorter and
in a more nearly regular row along each entero minor, new species.
2a. Scape extending %, or slightly more, across eye, but not reaching hind
margin: )size.4-Gi mm. ; ‘elyiral setae longens——=— Fa 2 3.
3. Eyes only moderately convex; pronotal tubercles somewhat irregular in size
and shape, and often more or less obscured by a crust; abdominal punc-
tures smaller; pronotum more transverse (25 to 18 in male; 28 to 20 in
female—average of 6 specimens of each sex); Middle Western States.
oblongus, new species.
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
3a. Eyes generally very prominent; rostral sculpture coarser and deeper; pronotal
tubercles forming about a hemisphere and nearly always sharply isolated;
pronotum less transverse (23 to 19 in male; 27 to 21 in female—average
of 6 specimens of each sex); South Atlantic region_---- herricki Pierce.
4. Eyes large; prothorax relatively small and with conspicuous tubercles. Texas.
plumosus, new species.
MESAGROICUS MINOR, new species
Kighty-five specimens. Length, 3-4.2 mm. Width, 1.4-2.1 mm.
Oblong, scaly covering dense, often also with a thin crust or exuda-
tion which more or less obscures the pronotal tubercles and the
individual scales of elytra. Scales brown, dorsum of elytra often
with some irregular pale and dark blotches, the pale areas rarely
extending over most of the upper surface; a band around upper
margin of eyes, sides of prothorax, humeral spot, margins of elytra,
and undersurface generally paler. Scales on undersurface and on
femora with a slight opalescent or coppery luster. Legs and antennae
reddish. The pale specimens show dark mottlings on elytra and
dark median and sublateral prothoracic stripes. Base of prothorax
with a narrow, collarlike constriction extending partly or wholly
across dorsum.
Rostrum as long as exserted portion of head, quadrangular in cross
section, nearly flat to more or less deeply concave from eyes at least
as far forward as the antennal insertion, and also with a narrow
median groove which may or may not be continued up on to front of
head; nasal plate feeble, surface behind it subglabrous and coarsely
sculptured. Sculpture of head and beak, with scales removed, dense
and more or less strigose; setae more numerous along sides of rostral
sulcus and in a patch above eye. Eyes moderately to strongly
prominent, subcircular to oval. Scape feebly biarcuate, slender in
basal %4, distinctly enlarged apically; first funicular segment stouter, 4
to 4 longer than second, the latter longer than broad, third to seventh
moniliform, seventh broader than sixth but, as a rule, not strongly
transverse. Sides of prothorax strongly rounded in female, less so
in male, fore and hind margins subtruncate, apex feebly constricted
or not; pronotal tubercles small, generally obscured by the crust, but
with their punctate and setose summits almost always plainly visible.
With scales removed, the tubercles are shown to be uneven in size
and shape, with a tendency to run together, some of them formed by
the coalescence of several very small tubercles. Elytra with base
distinctly emarginate, humeri rounded and merging into the slightly
arcuate sides; scutellum minute or invisible, sutural interval some-
times slightly elevated for a short distance near base; elytra not
striate, but with regular rows of large, close-set punctures that are
so nearly concealed by the scales and crust that they appear as
minute black dots; intervals nearly flat, each with a regular row of
short setae that are separated by their own length or more; when
ART. 4 NORTH AMERICAN WEEVILS—BUCHANAN 7
denuded, the intervals show a ininute but rough punctulation.
Abdominal punctures on 1 and 2 larger in male, the shining intervals
punctulate and reticulate. Fifth ventral finely and densely punctate.
Femora stout, tibiae rather slender, especially in male, anterior pair
nearly straight along exterior edge, distinctly bisinuate on inner.
Tarsi stout, claws large, metepisternal suture visible or not. Female
with a usually distinct transverse depression on fifth ventral. A few
feebly plumose scales are present on undersurface and vertex of
head, on collarlike production of mesosternum, on fore and rear
coxae, etc.
Type.—A male (Cat. No. 41746, U.S.N.M.), 3.6 mm. long, with
elongate eyes and distinct rostral sulcus, and 55 paratypes.
Type locality —Kansas (injuring potato).
Other localities: Kansas (Topeka, Popenoe); Missouri (St. Louis,
Soltau), (Kansas City, Soltau), (Cadet, Barlow); lowa (lowa City,
Wickham), (Ames, Stoner); Illinois; Michigan; Ohio (Cincinnati,
Dury); Kentucky (Louisville, Soltau), (Fulton, G. I. Reeves); Texas
(Dallas, C. E. Hood); Colorado (Sedalia, Soltau).
Nearly all the external structures of minor are subject to consider-
able or even excessive variation, making it difficult to describe the
species in any but indefinite language, or to select key characters
that are likely to prove invariably trustworthy. The variations,
though so extreme, appear to be true individual differences, since they
are not correlated with any marked difference in habitat, and are not
substantiated by tangible genitalic differences. Two of the more
striking variations affect the eye and the rostral sculpture. The
outline of the eye varies from a nearly circular to a distinctly elongate-
oval form, with all intergradations. Females show a tendency toward
the circular, males toward the oval, type; but there is no constancy
in this respect, and individuals of either sex can be found with either
formofeye. On the average, the male eye is slightly larger, compared
to bulk of head, than in female. The upper surface of beak varies
from nearly flat with a fine median groove to broadly and deeply
concave; the concavity may end abruptly opposite antennal insertion
or may extend nearly to apex. The funicular segments also show
inconstancy, the second varying from short and heavy to elongate,
though it is never as long or as thick as the first; the seventh segment,
in a few specimens, is nearly twice as broad as is normal. The
impression on fifth ventral of female is typically rather deep, but
becomes shallow in some specimens and, moreover, may be faintly
indicated in the male. More or less variation has been noted also in
the length of the elytral setae, the thickness of the tibiae, the relative
dimensions of the prothorax (irrespective of sex) and the development
of the pronotal tubercles. In one or two specimens the abdominal
punctures are nearly as large as in herricki.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 76
The species collected by Dury at Cincinnati, Ohio, and distributed
as herricki Pierce, belongs here. The Cincinnati specimens examined
are not typical in some respects (the body being stouter, the scape
slightly shorter, and the elytral setae longer) and possibly may indi-
_ cate a local race. The male genitalia, however, are of the normal
minor form.
The crust or exudation is more pronounced in minor than in any of
the other species.
MESAGROICUS OBLONGUS, new species
Forty-six specimens. Length, 4-5 mm. Width, 2.01-2.5 mm.
Close to minor in structure and appearance, but larger. Brown, pale
markings as in minor, and in addition some specimens with feeble
vittae on sutural, third and fifth intervals. Legs, antennae, and often
tip of beak, reddish. Scales of ventral surface and legs slightly
opalescent. Sculpture of head rather fine, subconfluent, finer than
in minor; rostrum nearly flat above, with a narrow to coarse median
groove which may or may not extend on to head. Rostral sculpture
more or less strigose, as in minor. Eyes moderately prominent, oval
to subcircular. Prothorax relatively shorter, male and female, than
in minor, the pronotal tubercles larger and better defined, and occa-
sionally leaving a narrow median line free; base with a narrow collar,
about asin minor. Elytra about as in minor, sides straighter, setae
slightly longer on the average, the individual scales better defined,
due apparently to the absence of a crust. Abdomen about as in
minor, the punctures slightly smaller, the impression on fifth ventral
of female poorly defined, and this impression feebly indicated in some
male specimens also. The seventh funicular segment more transverse,
on the average, than in minor.
Type.—A male (Cat. No. 41747, U.S.N.M.), 4.1 mm. long with faint
elytral vittae, and 20 paratypes.
Type locality.—Lincoln, Nebr. (Wickham).
Other localities: Nebraska (Lincoln, Shimek, Soltau, and Hubbard
and Schwarz); Wyoming (Cheyenne, Soltau); Kansas (Fort Scott,
Soltau), (Onaga, Wickham), (Onaga, Biological Survey, from stomach
of meadow lark, Sturnella magna); Iowa (Sibley, Stoner), (Lake
Okoboji, Buchanan), (Palo Alto County, Biological Survey, from
stomach of toad, Bufo americanus).
As in neinor, the proportions of the prothorax vary greatly, irre-
spective of sex, but in oblongus this part is almost always visibly
shorter, especially in females. The eyes vary considerably in shape,
but on the whole run more to the oval outline than in minor.
Variations in the funicular segments are about as in that species.
The pronotal tubercles often show two or three small punctures in
addition to the large, seta-bearing puncture at summit, indicating
ART. 4 NORTH AMERICAN WEEVILS—BUCHANAN 9
that they are made up of the coalescence of several smaller tubercles.
Each main tubercle is covered by from four to six scales.
In this, and the next species, the predominant type of scale on
abdomen is simple, but in most specimens a few plumose scales can
be detected on third, fourth, or fifth segments. In minor the per-
centage of simple scales is much higher—at least I have seen no
specimen of that species with as many plumose scales on abdomen
as are often present on the other two.
MESAGROICUS HERRICKI Pierce
Lepidocricus herricki Pierce, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, 1910, p. 362; Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 45, No. 1988, 1918, p. 420.—Buatcuuey and LENe,
Rhyn. of N. E. Amer., 1916, p. 126 (a composite reference, including data
for two more species).—Dury, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 18, 1923, p. 27
(probably refers to the species described in this paper as minor).
Twenty-two specimens (including three from the original type
series). Length, 4-6 mm.; width, 2-2.7 mm. Brown, the pale
markings, when present, as in the two preceding except that the
dorsum of elytra appears to be normally of a much darker and
unmottled brown. About half the specimens with a large pale spot
on third interval halfway down the declivity. Rostrum with a broad
and deep median sulcus. The prothorax is narrower, compared to
elytral width, than in oblongus. Measurements of these parts give
the following average figures for six males and six females of each
species: Width of prothorax is to width of elytra as 22.5 is to 36
(male herricki); as 27 is to 46 (female herricki); as 24 is to 36 (male
oblongus); as 27 is to 41 (female oblongus). Abdomen coarsely punc-
tate. Compared to oblongus and minor, herricki shows the following
differences: Rostrum more deeply sulcate; eyes more prominent
(more prominent in male); antennae stouter, the second funicular
segment somewhat longer and in a few cases very nearly as long as
first; pronotal tubercles much more prominent and more sharply
defined; elytral setae longer; abdominal punctures larger; legs heavier,
the tibial denticulations coarser.
The deep rostral sulcus, the prominent eyes and pronotal tubercles,
and the coarse abdominal punctation are the distinctive characters
of this species.
Localities.—Mississippi (Easter, the type locality), (Waveland,
Soltau), (Picayune, W. M. Mingee); Alabama (Wadley, H. H. Smith)
(Bay Minette, Biological Survey, from stomach of meadow lark).
MESAGROICUS PLUMOSUS, new species
One specimen. Length, 5.2mm. Width, 2.6mm. Brown, with
pale vittae along sides of prothorax and on humeri. Rostrum as
long as head, flat above, median groove narrow, surface either side
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
strigosely sculptured. Head confluently punctate, eyes large, rather
prominent, scape extending 34 way across middle; seventh funicular
segment very strongly transverse. Prothorax unusually short com-
pared to elytra (20 to 67), pronotal tubercles strongly developed, nearly
as sharply isolated individually asin herricki. Elytra with base deeply
emarginate, somewhat depressed in region of scutellum, intervals
broad and flat, setae as long as those in herricki, but thinner; abdomi-
nal scales very small, rounded, feebly to strongly plumose. Fifth
ventral (female) with a distinct trasverse impression. Tibiae more
dilated apically than in the three preceding species, the denticula-
tions along inner edge feeble. Metepisternal suture fine.
Type.—A female (Cat. No. 41748, U.S.N.M.), labeled ‘‘ Dept. Ent.
Pexs Aug Me @.; AoC. Avie?
Type locality.— Texas (probably Mabank).
The plumose scales and fine, dense punctation of abdomen are
the distinguishing marks of this species. The elytral setae are
slender and some of them, at first sight, appear to be bristlelike, but
closer inspection shows that the tip of each is narrowly truncate.
GROUP II
Three species or subspecies comprise this group. The eyes are less
convex than in either Group I or III. The scape reaches about 34
the way across eye. The predominant body scales are simple, although
well-developed plumose scales are present on certain areas of the
abdomen. The pronotal sculpture is fundamentally of a tuberculate
nature, though the tubercles are either so minute as to be properly
called granules or so flattened that the resemblance to tubercles
is lost.
KEY TO GROUP II
1. Pronotal sculpture consisting of irregular, flat-topped areas (evidently greatly
flattened tubercles); prothorax rather narrow (averages 24 broad to 20.5
LON ms. os fs eae rd Laine. eat ie One. bial an elongatus, new species.
la. Pronotum with shining, punctate granules_._.......-----4----4--4---¢ 2.
2. Dimensions of prothorax as in elongatus_-__- var. nevadianus, new variety.
2a. Prothorax broader (22.5 broad to 18 long)-__-__ var. incertus, new variety.
MESAGROICUS ELONGATUS, new species
Eight specimens. Length, 4.9-5.5 mm.; width, 2.01-2.3mm. Elon-
gate, slightly broader behind. Color above either uniform cinereous
or cinereous and brown, the darker specimens with pale marks along
sides of prothorax and on humeri. Antennae and legs reddish. Ros-
tral groove broad and deep, usually extended back on to head, where
it is fine. Eyes feebly to moderately convex. First funicular seg-
ment distinctly (may be nearly twice) longer than second, third to
4H. J. Reinhard, entomologist of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, has kindly sent
the following information regarding accession No. 171: ‘‘ . . . the specimen (bearing this label) . . -
was received from Mr. R. H. Small, Mabank, Tex., on May 5, 1903. No other notes are available, but
it appears fairly certain that the specimen was collected in that locality.’
ART. 4 NORTH AMERICAN WEEVILS—BUCHANAN 11
sixth moniliform, seventh transverse. Prothorax with sides feebly
rounded, widest at or before middle, pronotal tubercles reduced to
broad, irregular-shaped, flat-topped, barely elevated areas, each with
a seta-bearing puncture, the entire surface normally covered with scales.
Elytra with humeri evenly rounded, sides subparallel, sutural inter-
vals, and in one specimen the third and fifth also, slightly prominent
from base to middle; intervals broad, nearly flat and each with a
row, regular or somewhat confused, of nearly straight, suberect, pale
and brown setae; serial punctures small and rather close. Metepis-
ternal suture visible. Abdominal punctures a little smaller than in
oblongus and well separated. A few plumose scales can be detected
here and there over most of the undersurface, but are not conspicu-
ous except on fifth ventral, where they are numerous and deeply split.
Type.—A female (Cat. No. 41749, U.S.N.M.), 5.4 mm. long, and
7 paratypes.
Type locality.—The Dalles, Oreg. (Hubbard and Schwarz).
This species looks considerably like a Sitona, due to the elongate,
subparallel body and the bristling elytral setae.
MESAGROICUS ELONGATUS var. NEVADIANUS, new variety
One male (Casey collection). Length, 5 mm.; width, 1.9 mm.
Shape of elongatus, though slightly narrower, scales cinereous, setae
pale brown and white. Antennae, eyes, and rostral groove about
as in elongatus. Pronotal granules not prominent, each with a rela-
tively large puncture occupying nearly the entire summit. Elytral
intervals broad, none of them more prominent toward base. Humeri
distinctly less prominent than in elongatus. First and second abdom-
inal segments broadly concave in male, the concavity with the
punctures denser, and the scales more abundantly plumose than in
the corresponding area in male elongatus. Median lobe of male geni-
talia as in elongatus. Metepisternal suture obscured by scales.
Type locality — Nevada.
Type.—Cat. No. 41750, U.S.N.M.
MESAGROICUS ELONGATUS var. INCERTUS, new variety
Two specimens (male and female). Length, 4.25-5 mm.; width,
1.7-2.1 mm. Scales brown, elytra with a few, vague, pale mottlings,
the usual lateral prothoracic line, upper eye border, and humeral spot
pale. Kyes moderately prominent (male) or feebly so (female). First
funicular segment fully twice (male) or less than twice (female) length
of second; outer segments a little heavier than in elongatus. Pronotal
granules about as in nevadianus. Metepisternal suture well defined.
Plumose scales are numerous and highly developed on the abdomen
of male but sparse and feebly plumose in female.
Type.—A female (Cat. No. 41751, U.S.N.M.), 414 mm. long, and
1 paratype.
Type locality — Pullman, Wash. (J. W. Hungate, collector.)
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
GROUP III
Of this group, only four specimens, apparently representing three
species, have been seen. The scape extends % way across eye, the
latter moderately to strongly prominent. LElytral setae long, fine,
acute at tip. Dorsal scales distinctly striate. The scales of under
surface are all more or less plumose, those on abdomen being strongly
so. Plumose scales are present also on the elytral flanks, a condition
not found in either of the preceding groups. The punctures of the
entire abdominal surface are small and dense, the species differing in
this respect from all the others, except plumosus. The tibiae are
obsoletely denticulate.
KEY TO GROUP Il
1. Elytral scales contiguous to overlapping half their length; form narrow, sub-
cylindrical (prothoracic to elytral width, 24 to 34); elytral setae rather
LON VANCE COMS DICT OUS Soest ee ee ee hispidus, new species.
la. Elytral scales, at most, only narrowly overlapping; form stouter___--~-_-- 2.
2. Eyes moderately prominent; pronotum with fine, dense, subrugose puncta-
tion; elytral setae shorter (prothoracic to elytral width, 26 to 40).
strigisquamosus, new species.
2a. Eyes very prominent, forming a hemisphere; pronotum with punctate gran-
ules; elytral. setae longer (prothoracie to elytral width, 20.5-34).
ocularis, new species.
MESAGROICUS HISPIDUS, new species
Two females. Length, 4.9-5.1mm.; width, 1.8-2mm. Length to
width of pronotum, 3 to 4. Body subcylindrical, a little narrower
behind; color pale brown, irregularly mottled with white on elytra.
Rostrum with a distinct sulcus from between eyes to antennal inser-
tion, surface either side finely, densely, subconfluently punctured;
punctures on head still finer and denser. Eyes moderately prominent.
Scape rather thick, distinctly biarcuate, the swollen apical portion
setose but not squamose; first funicular segment thicker and longer
than second (the two more nearly equal than in next two species),
seventh distinctly transverse. Prothorax with sides rather strongly
rounded, not constricted apically; pronotum with fine, dense and
somewhat irregular punctation. Elytral scales contiguous to over-
lapping half their length, conspicuously striate, nearly concealing the
rows of punctures; each interval with an irregular row of long brown
and white setae. Impression on fifth ventral shallow. Plumose scales
not so deeply split as in the next two species.
Type.—A female (Cat. No. 41752, U.S.N.M.), 4.9 mm. long, and
1 paratype.
Type locality—Oxnard, Calif. (Feeding on sugar beet. G. E.
Bensel, collector.)
ART. 4 NORTH AMERICAN WEEVILS—BUCHANAN 13
MESAGROICUS STRIGISQUAMOSUS, new species
One female specimen. Length, 5.4mm.; width, 2.3mm. Moder-
ately robust, scales coppery, paler as usual along sides of pronotum,
upper margin of eyes, and on undersurface. Setae white. Rostral
groove shallow basally, deeper in apical half, surface each side densely
and roughly punctured; head densely punctured; eyes subcircular,
rather prominent. Scape about as in hispidus; first funicular segment
much stouter than second, and nearly twice as long, seventh more than
twice as broad as long. Prothoracic proportions as in hispidus;
pronotal sculpture consisting of punctate and very feebly elevated
remnants of granules which coalesce in places, giving the surface a
subrugose and irregular, roughly punctate appearance. Normally,
this sculpture would be obscured by the coating of large, rounded,
distinctly striate scales. Elytral setae in an irregular single row along
each interval, those on fifth interval considerably confused; serial
punctures small, largely concealed by the scales. Fifth ventral of
female with a well-defined impression.
Type locality — Altamont, Calif. (C. M. Packard, collector.)
Type.—Cat. No. 41753, U.'S.N.M.
MESAGROICUS OCULARIS, new species
One female specimen. Length, 3.9 mm.; width, 1.8 mm. Body
robust, less convex than usual, scales brownish coppery, paler around
eyes and on undersurface. Head and rostrum, except apical \,
densely, subconfluently punctate, the latter area with small, unevenly
spaced punctures; rostrum lightly concave and with a fine median
sulcus. Eyes subcircular. Scape setose, not squamose, in apical
half; first funicular segment much stouter and twice as long as second,
seventh strongly transverse. Prothorax transverse (5 to 4) sides
feebly rounded in basal %, more strongly so toward apex, which is
distinctly narrower than base; dorsum flattened for a short distance
behind apical margin, pronotum with punctate and setigerous gran-
ules, and normally with a coating of rounded, contiguous, striate
scales. Elytra deeply emarginate at base, intervals broad and flat;
scales large, 3 or 4 together bridging an interval, closely appressed,
varying from slightly separated to slightly overlapping, nearly
obliterating in places the rows of rather small punctures; setae long,
finer and more numerous than usual, in a confused row along each
interval. Apical half of last ventral segment with a broad, transverse
impression; first and second segments broadly and feebly concave.
Undersurface densely and finely punctate.
Type locality —‘‘ Cal.’?’ Horn Coll. H. 8308.
Type.—Deposited in Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.
14
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
The aspect of this species is one of broadness and flatness. The
contiguous or narrowly overlapping elytral scales fail to entirely con-
ceal the surface chitin, which is visible between the scales as numerous,
minute, shiny-black points.
Jodie ile
19-22.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
PLATE 1
Mesagroicus herricki, male.
. Mesagroicus elongatus, female.
PLATE 2
Mesagroicus elongatus, female; la, fore tarsus; 1b, section of an elytral
interval, showing scale arrangement.
. Mesagroicus minor, female; 2a, fore tarsus.
. Mesagroicus his pidus, female.
. Mesagroicus oblongus; A, mandibular scar.
Mesagroicus herricki, male abdomen.
. Mesagroicus strigisquamosus, female abdomen.
. Mesagroicus minor, female, with deciduous mandibular piece in place.
. Mesagroicus ocularis; 8a, section of an elytral interval, showing scale
arrangement.
. Antennae, female, of minor, 9; oblongus, 10; herricki, 11; plumosus, 12;
elongatus, 13; hispidus, 14; strigisquamosus, 15; and ocularis, 16.
. Diagrammatic sketch to illustrate elytra with a perpendicular basal
margin.
. Same, to show basal margin perpendicular at sides only.
Median lobe, side view, of male genitalia of minor, 19; oblongus, 20;
herrickt, 21; and elongatus, 22; a, dorsal view; b, view of apical % of
lobe, from a point directly above this portion.
. Fore tibia of plumosus.
. Hind tibia of same.
. Fore tibia of strigisquamosus.
. Hind tibia of same.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 76, ART. 4 PL. 1
. ELONGATUS (FEMALE)
1. MESAGROICUS HERRICK! (MALE). 2.
14,
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE
U.S, NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 76, ART. 4
RIES
D4
PARTS OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF MESAGROICUS
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 14,
THREE NEW LAND SHELLS OF THE GENUS OREOHELIX
FROM ARIZONA
By Wiiiiam B. MarsHaui
Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, United States National Museum
The study of a collection of Oreohelix made by Mrs. Mary Vaux
Walcott in the canyon at Supai, Coconino County, Ariz., in 1928,
and presented by her to the United States National Museum, not
only proved that they belonged to a new subspecies, but their exam-
ination entailed a close scrutiny of forms long since contained in our
collection but not previously adequately studied. Among these is a
new species collected by Dr. Walter Hough in Navajo County, Ariz.,
and a subspecies of this collected by Dr. E. A. Mearns on Clear
Creek,near Wins!ow, Navajo County, Ariz. All of these are described
below.
OREGHELIX YAVAPAI VAUXAE, new subssecies
Plate 1, Figures 1, 2,3, 11
Shell with spire depressed, flatly conic, height of spire and depth
of base about equal. Whorls sharply angulate and bearing on the
periphery a prominent white carina which resembles a cord of twisted
fibers because of the growth lines crossing it obliquely. This carina
begins when the shell has about two whoris. The upper part of the
later whorls is attached to the under side of the carina, which there-
fore fills the suture. It continues on the periphery of the body whorl,
but is less marked behind the aperture. Early shell brownish with
a few transverse growth lines and a little later with obscure elevated
striae, which are obscurely granular and become stronger until about
214 whorls are completed. At that point the brownish color ceases
and is followed by the pale flesh color of the adult shell, and there
are several rows of granules spirally arranged, and the whole surface
covered with very fine spiral striae, which are most prominent just
above the carina. Transverse sculpture of rather strong, retractive
erowth lines. Umbilicus very wide, showing all the whorls. Base
rounded, smoother than the spire, with several spiral rows of minute
granules. Aperture continuous, nearly round, lip simple, oblique,
very slightly angulated by the periphery, a thick callus across the
body whorl. Upper edge of body whorl slightly descending from the
No. 2802.—PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 76, ART. 5
58643—29 1
a PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 76
carina at the aperture. Shell flesh color, nearly white, a brown spiral
band just above the carina and one below it.
The type and 14 paratypes come from the Canyon at Supai, Coco-
nino County, Ariz., and were collected and presented by Mrs.
Charles D. Walcott, whose maiden name has been bestowed upon it.
The dimensions of the type and of those of the paratypes which
are adult are as follows, in millimeters:
Maximum | Minimum ae is
Cat. No eiacnorarnll| diameter Height Remarks
380687 23. 00 19. 75 10. 50 Type.
380688 23. 25 19. 00 10. 50 Paratype.
380688 23. 00 19. 50 10. 00 Do.
380688 22. 50 18. 75 10. 25 Do
380688 21.75 18. 00 9. 75 Do
380688 21. 50 18.75 9. 50 Do
380688 20. 50 18. 50 9.75 Do
380688 21. 25 17. 50 9. 50 Do
380688 20. 00 17. 25 8. 75 Do
The prominent characteristics of this shell are the depressed conic
spire, the plump round base, the cordlike white carina, the granulated
striae, the wide umbilicus, and the two brown bands which show
clearly on the general flesh tint of the shell. The specimens appear
to be fossil or subfossil, because of the reddish mineral matter coat-
ing them in spots. This shell is evidently a subspecies of Oreohelix
yavapar Pilsbry, the type of which comes from Yavapai County,
which adjoins Oconino County. It is much larger than Oreohelizx
yavapar but has essentially the same sculpture. In dimensions it
approaches but is slightly larger than Oreohelix yavapar mariae
Bartsch, the type locality of which is near the mouth of Gallatin
Canyon, Mont. Its sculpture is much more pronounced than that of
Oreohelix yavapai mariae, in which the sculpture usual to the group
is not clearly defined.
OREOHELIX HOUGHI, rew species
Plate 1, Figures 7, 8, 9, 10
Shell depressed, low conic, upper surface of whorls shghtly rounded.
Early whorls (as shown by young shells) sharply angled, and with a
white cordlike keel which fills all the sutures to the aperture, in front
of which the keel disappears but the periphery for a short distance
remains angular. On the back of the body whorl the angle fades
out and just behind the aperture the whorl is well rounded. Upper
part of each whorl attached to under side of the carina. Earliest
whorls brownish, with a number of transverse riblets. Later growth
pallid, with periodic transverse stripes which continue across the base
to the umbilicus. Base nearly white. A faint narrow brown band just
below and one just above the periphery. Spiral sculpture lacking.
Transverse sculpture of numerous fine retractive growth riblets.
ART. 9 NEW LAND SHELLS FROM ARIZONA—MARSHALL 3
Base rounded, nearly smooth, polished. Aperture oblique, nearly
round, a moderate callus across the body whorl. Umbilicus wide,
showing all the whorls.
The type (Cat. No. 380689, U.S.N.M.) measures: Maximum diam-
eter, 17.5 mm.; minimum diameter, 15 mm.; height, 9.5 mm., and
comes from Heber, Navajo County, Ariz. It and numerous paratypes
(Cat. No. 334603, U.S.N.M.) were collected and presented by Dr.
Walter Hough of the National Museum, for whom the species is
named.
The largest of the paratypes measures: Maximum diameter, 21.75
mm.; minimum diameter, 19 mm.; height, 12 mm.
In depressed form and cordlike carina, this species resembles
Oreohelix yavapai Pilsbry but lacks spiral sculpture and granules.
Nearly all the paratypes are bleached and have lost the brown spiral
band above and below the periphery.
OREOHELIX HOUGH! WINSLOWENSIS, new subspecies
Plate 1, Figures 4, 5, 6, 12
Similar to Oreohelix houghi, but averaging smaller and slightly
more elevated. The corded carina is almost lacking but usually
occurs for a short distance in the suture of the third whorl, and the
body whorl is rounded.
The type (Cat. No. 380690, U.S.N.M.) measures: Maximum diam-
eter, 19.5 mm.; minimum diameter, 17.5 mm.; height, 11.75 mm.
It and 28 paratypes (Cat. No. 181309, U.S.N.M.) come from Clear
Creek, near Winslow, Navajo County, Ariz., and were collected and
presented by the late Dr. Edgar A. Mearns. The National
Museum collection contains also 22 specimens from 12 miles south
of St. Johns, in Apache County (Cat. No. 225973, U.S.N.M.); 2
specimens from Holbrook, Navajo County (Cat. No. 151459,
U.S.N.M.); 5 specimens from near Canyon Diablo, Coconino County
(Cat. No. 198518, U.S.N.M.); 13 specimens from Hardscrabble Draw,
near Zuni Sacred Lake, Apache County (Cat. No. 341772, U.S.N.M.);
and 25 specimens from Coon Mountain Crater, near Flagstaff,
Coconino County. From this list of localities it will be seen that
the species inhabits the valley of the Little Colorado River or its
immediate vicinity.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE
1, 2, 3. Oreohelix yavapai vauxae, new subspecies, natural size.
4, 5, 6. Oreohelix houghi winslowensis, new subspecies, natural size.
7, 8, 9. Oreohelix houghi, new species, natural size.
10. Oreohelix houghi, new species, 10 diameters.
11. Oreohelix yavapai vauxae, new subspecies, 10 diameters.
12. Oreohelix houghi winslowensis, new species, 10 diameterr.
Figures
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PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 76, ART.5 PL. 1
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
NEW LAND SHELLS OF THE GENUS OREOHELIX
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 3
Nace
Leva
ite:
NEW SPECIES OF BUPRESTID BEETLES FROM COSTA
RICA
By W. S. FisHer
Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture
In working over a collection of Buprestid beetles collected in the
vicinity of San Jose, Costa Rica, by Ferd. Nevermann, a number of
apparently undescribed species have been found; these are described
in the present paper. Through the kindness of Mr. Nevermann the
types of all the new species have been placed in the collection of the
United States National Museum.
AGRILUS TRYPANTIFORMIS, new species
Male.—Elongate, rather broad, shining, and strongly flattened
above; head aeneous in front and becoming brownish cupreous on the
occiput; pronotum and elytra piceous, with distinct greenish, viola-
ceous and cupreous reflections, and the latter ornamented with dis-
tinct white pubescent designs; beneath aureo-cupreous, and more
shining than above.
Head with the front wide, very uneven, about equal in width at
top and bottom, the lateral margins parallel, with a narrow trans-
verse depression behind the epistoma, the depression deeper at lateral
margins, a broad, very deep, somewhat triangular depression on the
front extending to the lateral margins, and connected to the trans-
verse depression by a broad, deep, longitudinal depression, causing a
large, round gibbosity on each side behind the antennal cavities;
surface nearly glabrous, obsoletely reticulate, coarsely, irregularly
punctate, and some of the punctures confluent; epistoma transverse
between the antennae, deeply, broadly depressed, and broadly, arcu-
ately emarginate in front; antennae extending to base of pronotum,
serrate from the fourth joint, and the outer joints distinctly longer
than wide; eyes moderately large, broadly oblong, and equally
rounded above and beneath.
Pronotum one-half wider than long, about equal in width at apex
and base, and widest at basal fourth; sides obliquely expanded from
No. 2803.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 76, ART. 6
58666—29——1 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
apical angles to basal fourth, where they are broadly rounded, then
more strongly obliquely narrowed to the posterior angles, which are
obtusely angulated; submarginal carina visible from above anteriorly,
and when viewed from the side the marginal carina is strongly sinu-
ate, the submarginal carina feebly sinuate, the two carinae widely
separated anteriorly, and connected to each other at basal fourth;
anterior margin strongly sinuate, with the median lobe strongly,
broadly rounded; base feebly, broadly emarginate at middle of each
elytron, the median lobe strongly produced, and arcuately emarginate
in front of the scutellum; disk uneven, with a large, deep, concave
median depression extending from anterior margin to base, the de-
pression deeper and broader posteriorly, a deep, narrow depression
extending along lateral margins to middle, then irregularly back-
ward and terminating in a deep pitlike puncture at basal emargina-
tion, and with a large, strongly elevated round swelling in place of
the prehumeral carina; surface coarsely, irregularly punctate, the
punctures more or less confluent toward the sides and in the depres-
sions, somewhat rugose, and without distinct pubescence. Scutellum
not transversely carinate, but the surface feebly reticulate.
Elytra slightly wider than pronotum at base, and equal in width
at base and apical third; sides nearly parallel to apical third (very
broadly, vaguely constricted at middle), then obliquely narrowed to
the tips, which are separately broadly rounded, and coarsely serru-
late; disk strongly, broadly depressed along sutural margins, which
are feebly elevated near apex, with broad, deep basal depressions,
and each elytron with a vague, broadly obtuse costa extending from
humerus to behind middle; surface irregularly, obsoletely punctate,
more densely punctured in the pubescent areas, vaguely rugose to-
ward the sides, and each elytron ornamented with white pubescent
designs as follows: A small, round spot near sutural margin at basal |
fourth, a larger spot enclosing a dark area along sutural margin at
middle, an irregular spot behind it along the lateral margin, a large |
oblong spot enclosing a dark area along sutural margin at apical |
fifth and connected to an irregular spot extending to lateral margin,
and a small spot at apex.
Abdomen beneath finely, sparsely punctate, the punctures more |
or less connected transversely on basal segment, sparsely clothed with _
very short white hairs, and the last three segments with a spot of |
more densely placed hairs at the sides; sides only feebly exposed
above; first segment convex and without longer hairs at middle; last
segment broadly rounded at apex; suture between first and second
segments not visible; vertical portions of segments slightly more
densely pubescent than ventral surface; pygidium without a project- |
ART. 6 NEW BUPRESTID BEETLES FROM COSTA RICA——FISHER 3
ing carina at apex. Prosternum finely, rather densely punctate or
rugose, and sparsely clothed with long, erect inconspicuous hairs;
prosternal lobe rather broad, vaguely declivous, and very broadly,
feebly emarginate in front; prosternal process broad, feebly ex-
panded behind the coxal cavities, then obliquely narrowed to the
apex, which is obtusely rounded. ‘Tibiae slender, nearly straight,
and the anterior and middle pairs armed with a short tooth on inner
margin at apex. Posterior tarsi distinctly shorter than tibiae, and
the first joint as long as the following two joints united. Tarsal
claws similar on all feet, cleft near middle, the inner tooth short
and broad, and not turned inward.
Length, 10.75 mm.; width, 2.75 mm.
Female.—Diffters from the male in being broader and more robust,
front of head uniformly cupreous, antennae slightly shorter, and the
prosternum more coarsely punctured and not clothed with long erect
hairs.
Length, 12.5 mm.; width, 3.75 mm.
Type locality—San Jose, Costa Rica.
Type and allotype.—Cat. No. 41604, U.S.N.M.
Described from two examples, male and female, collected on
Erythrina rubrinervia, at the type locality, July 8, 1923, by Ferd.
Nevermann.
This species is allied to oculatus Waterhouse described from Mex-
ico, but ocudatus differs from it in having the pronotum transversely
depressed along the base, with the sides only feebly rounded, the
elytra expanded behind the middle, and the surface fuscous, strongly
shining, and ornamented with numerous aeneous spots and markings
which are finely rugose. The species resembles in form some of the
species of the genus 7rypantius.
AGRILUS RAVENTAZONUS, new species
Female.—Elongate, slender, subopaque, and strongly flattened
above; above brown, with a more or less cupreous tinge, the head
slightly more reddish cupreous, and the elytra ornamented with white
pubescent designs; beneath brown, with distinct aeneous and cupreous
reflections, and more shining than above.
Head with the front rather wide, slightly convex, vaguely wider
at top than bottom, the lateral margins feebly, arcuately expanded at
middle, a moderately deep depression extending from occiput to
middle of front, the depression deeper and broader on vertex, and
with a shallow, elongate, triangular depression behind the epistoma;
surface glabrous, more or less longitudinally rugose on occiput and
vertex, sparsely, irregularly punctate on lower half, and more densely
and finely punctate in the triangular depression; epistoma slightly
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
transverse between the antennae, and the anterior margin semi-
circularly emarginate at middle and truncate on each side of the
emargination; antennae broken, serrate from the fourth joint, and
the outer joints about as wide as long; eyes large, broadly oblong,
and about equally rounded above and beneath.
Pronotum nearly one-half wider than long, slightly narrower at
base than apex, and widest along apical half; sides nearly parallel
from. apical angles to middle, then slightly mateo to near the
posterior angles, which are rectangular; when viewed from the side
the marginal and submarginal carinae are strongly sinuate, widely
separated anteriorly, and connected to each other behind the middle,
anterior margin slightly sinuate, and the median lobe feebly, broadly
rounded; base angularly emarginate at middle of each elytron, the
median lobe strongly produced, broadly rounded, and subtruncate
in front of scutellum; disk with two large, feeble depressions placed
longitudinally at middle, a broad, deep depression on each side along
lateral margin, and with rather strongly elevated, arcuate prehumeral
carinae extending from posterior angles to marginal carinae at
middle; surface densely, coarsely, transversely rugose at middle, the
rugae becoming more oblique toward the sides, and sparsely, finely
punctate between the rugae. Scutellum strongly, transversely cari-
nate, and the surface finely reticulate.
Elytra about as wide as pronotum at base, and distinctly wider at
base than behind the middle; sides nearly parallel for a short. dis-
tance behind base, feebly narrowed to behind middle (vaguely con-
stricted in front of middle), then more strongly, obliquely narrowed
to near the tips, which are vaguely expanded, broadly subtruncate,
and armed with three coarse teeth on each tip, of which the middle
tooth is the longest; disk broadly, moderately deeply depressed along
sutural margins, causing a more or less distinct longitudinal costa
at middle of each elytron, sutural margins slightly elevated toward
apex, and with broad, deep basal depressions; surface finely, densely
imbricate-punctate, sparsely clothed with short inconspicuous hairs,
and each elytron ornamented with white pubescent designs as fol-
lows: A small spot in basal depression, an elongate ring in sutural
depression in front of middle, a similar ring in same depression
behind middle, an elongate spot near apex, and a similar spot along
lateral margin behind middle.
Abdomen beneath rather densely, finely punctate, the punctures
more or less connected transversely by vague sinuate lines, especially
on basal segment, very sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous
hairs, and with a spot of more distinct hairs at the sides of the third
und fourth segments; sides very broadly and abruptly exposed above;
ART. 6 NEW BUPRESTID BEETLES FROM COSTA RICA—-FISHER 5
first segment convex and without long pubescence at middle; last
segment rather acutely rounded at apex; suture between first and
second segments not visible; vertical portions of the third and fourth
segments clothed with a more or less distinct pubescent spot;
pygidium rather strongly carinate anteriorly, but the carina not pro-
jecting at apex. Prosternum sparsely, coarsely punctate, more finely
anteriorly, and sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous hairs; pros-
ternal lobe broad, moderately declivous, and broadly rounded in
front; prosternal process broad, expanded behind the coxal cavities,
then abruptly narrowed to the apex, which is bent upward and acute.
Tibiae slender, the anterior pair slightly arcuate, and armed with a
short tooth on inner margin at apex. Posterior tarsi distinctly shorter
than tibiae, and the first joint as long as the following three joints
united. Tarsal claws cleft near middle, the teeth slender, and the
inner ones slightly shorter than outer ones, and turned inward, but
their tips distant (claws missing on posterior tarsi).
Length, 9.75 mm.; width, 2.5 mm.
Type locality—Hamburg farm, which is situated on the Raven-
tazon River about midway between Siquires and the coast, in Costa
Rica.
Type—Cat. No. 41612, U.S.N.M.
Described from a single female collected at light at the type local-
ity, May 5, 1923, by Ferd. Nevermann.
AGRILUS OCHRACEOMACULATUS, new species
Female.—Elongate, slender, feebly shining, and slightly flattened
above; head green in front, becoming greenish black on the occiput;
pronotum and elytra black, with a distinct purplish tinge, and the
latter ornamented with distinct orange yellow pubescent designs;
beneath aeneous except the prosternum, which is brownish black, and
more shining than above.
Head with the front rather wide, feebly convex, slightly wider at
top than bottom, the lateral margins feebly obliquely expanded from
bottom to top, and with a very broad, shallow concave depression
extending from occiput to epistoma; surface finely granulose, rather
densely, coarsely punctate, somewhat rugose, and with a few white
hairs behind the epistoma; epistoma not transverse between the
antennae, broadly, arcuately emarginate in front, and the surface
coarsely rugose; antennae extending about to middle of pronotum,
serrate from the fourth joint, and the outer joints as wide as long;
eyes large, broadly oblong, and equally rounded above and beneath.
Pronotum slightly wider than long, slightly wider at apex than
base, and widest at apical third; sides vaguely arcuately rounded from
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
apical angles to near middle, then more strongly obliquely narrowed
to near the posterior angles, which are feebly expanded, and rather
acute; when viewed from the side the marginal carina is strongly
sinuate, the submarginal carina feebly sinuate, the two carinae widely
separated anteriorly, and connected to each other near base; anterior
margin feebly sinuate, and the median lobe broadly vaundegs base
angularly emarginate at middle of each elytron, the ined lobe
feebly produced, and broadly, arcuately emarginate in front of
scutellum; disk broadly, transversely, obsoletely depressed near apex
and base, a broad, deep depression on each side along lateral margin,
and with strongly elevated, sinuate prehumeral carinae, extending
from posterior angles to marginal carinae at middle; surface gla-
brous, finely but not closely, transversely rugose at middle, becoming
more irregularly rugose toward the sides, and finely, sparsely punc-
tate between the rugae. Scutellum moderately, transversely carinate,
and the surface finely reticulate.
Elytra about as wide a pronotum at base, and equal in width at
base and behind middle; sides nearly parallel for a short distance
behind base, broadly, arcuately constructed in front of middle,
broadly, arcuately expanded behind middle, then obliquely narrowed
to the tips, which are separately, rather narrowly rounded, and finely
serrulate; disk vaguely flattened, without longitudinal costae, su-
tural margins moderately elevated posteriorly, and with broad, deep
basal depressions; surface coarsely, densely imbricate-punctate,
sparsely clothed with short inconspicuous hairs, and each elytron or-
namented with orange yellow pubescent designs as follows: A broad
vitta extending along sutural margin from basal fourth to middle,
and a slightly oblique, elongate spot at apical fourth.
Abdomen beneath finely, obsoletely reticulate, finely, sparsely punc-
tate, the punctures more or less connected transversely on basal seg-
ment, sparsely clothed with short recumbent pubescence, which is
denser on each side of middle along anterior margin of basal seg-
ment, and with a spot of very dense yellowish pubescence at sides of
third segment; sides rather broadly exposed above; first segment
convex and without long hairs at middle; last segment broadly
rounded at apex; suture between first and second segments not visible;
vertical portions of the first segment with a spot of dense orange
yellow pubescence; pygidium without a projecting carina at apex.
Metasternum and external part of posterior coxae densely clothed
with orange yellow pubescence. Prosternum densely granulose, finely
but not closely rugose, and sparsely clothed with short, recumbent
whitish hairs; prosternal lobe broad, strongly declivous, and broadly
subtruncate in front; prosternal process broad, the sides parallel to
behind the coxal cavities, then abruptly narrowed to the apex, which
is rather acute. ‘'Tibiae slender, the anterior pair slightly arcuate and
ART. 6 NEW BUPRESTID BEETLES FROM COSTA RICA——-FISHER 7
armed with a minute tooth on inner margin at apex. Posterior tarsi
about one-half as long as the tibiae, and the first joint as long as the
following two joints united. Tarsal claws similar on all feet, cleft
near middle, the teeth slender, and the inner ones slightly shorter than
outer ones, turned inward, and their tips nearly touching.
Length, 8.5 mm.; width, 2 mm.
Type locality—Hamburg farm, Costa Rica.
Type.—Cat. No. 41605, U.S.N.M.
Described from a single female collected at light at the type
locality, May 20, 1923, by Ferd. Nevermann.
AGRILUS SESOSTRIS, new species
Female—Elongate, slender, feebly shining, and slightly flattened
above; head aeneous; pronotum purplish red; elytra black, with a
vague greenish reflection, subopaque, and each elytron ornamented
with a longitudinal pubescent vitta; beneath aeneo-cupreous, and
strongly shining.
* Head with the front rather wide, feebly convex, distinctly nar-
rower at top than bottom, the lateral margins feebly arcuately ex-
panded at middle and obliquely expanded at bottom, and with a
broad, shallow depression on the vertex; surface densely, finely
granulose, sparsely punctate, coarsely irregularly rugose, and sparsely
clothed with semierect white hairs behind the epistoma; epistoma
slightly transverse between the antennae, and broadly, arcuately
emarginate in front; antennae extending to middle of pronotum, ser-
rate from the fourth joint, and the outer joints as wide as long; eyes
moderately large, broadly oblong, and slightly more acutely rounded
beneath than above.
Pronotum slightly wider than long, about equal in width at apex
and base, and widest at apical third; sides feebly arcuately rounded
from apical angles to behind middle, then parallel to the posterior
angles, which are rectangular; when viewed from the side the mar-
ginal and submarginal carinae are feebly sinuate, narrowly sepa-
rated anteriorly, and connected to each other behind the middle;
anterior margin strongly sinuate, the median lobe strongly produced,
and broadly rounded; base broadly, arcuately emarginate at middle
of each elytron, the median lobe feebly produced, and subtruncate
in front of scutellum; disk with a very shallow, broad, median
depression in front of middle, very broadly, obsoletely transversely
depressed behind the middle, a broad, deep depression on each side
along lateral margin extending from apical angle to base, and with
strongly elevated, straight prehumeral carinae extending from pos-
terior angles to middle, but not connected to the marginal carinae;
surface rather coarsely, closely, irregularly rugose, finely, sparsely
punctate between the rugae, and densely clothed with recumbent
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
golden yellow pubescence in the lateral and anterior median depres-
sions. Scutellum strongly, transversely carinate, and the surface
finely reticulate.
Elytra slightly wider than pronotum at base, and equal in width
at base and behind middle; sides nearly parallel for a short distance
behind base, broadly, arcuately constricted in front of middle,
broadly, arcuately expanded behind the middle, then obliquely nar-
rowed to the tips, which are separately, rather narrowly rounded,
and strongly serrulate; disk feebly, broadly depressed along sutural
margins, causing a more or less distinct longitudinal costa at middle
of each elytron, sutural margins distinctly elevated toward apex, and
with broad, moderately deep basal depressions; surface finely,
densely imbricate-punctate, sparsely clothed with short inconspicu-
ous hairs, and each elytron ornamented with a broad, yellowish white
pubscent vitta extending along the sutural depression from the basal
depression to near apex.
Abdomen beneath obsoletely reticulate, finely, rather densely punc-
tate, the punctures more or less connected transversely by sinuafe
lines at sides of segments, sparsely clothed with short inconspicuous
hairs at middle, but more densely clothed with longer hairs at the
sides; sides narrowly exposed above; first segment convex and with-
out long hairs at middle; last segment broadly rounded at apex;
suture between first and second segments indicated at the sides; ver-
tical portions of the segments nearly glabrous; pygidium longitudi-
nally carinate, but the carina not projecting at apex. Prosternum
sparsely, finely punctate, somewhat rugose, and sparsely clothed with
short recumbent hairs; prosternal lobe broad, moderately declivous,
and broadly rounded in front; prosternal process broad, the sides
parallel to behind the coxal cavities, then obliquely narrowed to the
apex, which is acute. Tibiae slender, straight, and without a distinct
tooth on inner margin at apex. Posterior tarsi about one-half as
long as the tibiae, and the first joint subequal in length to the follow-
ing joints united. Tarsal claws similar on all feet, cleft near the
middle, the inner tooth broader and much shorter than outer one
and not turned inward.
Length, 8.25 mm.; width, 1.8 mm.
Type locality—Hamburg farm, Costa Rica.
T'ype.—Cat. No. 41606, U.S.N.M.
Described from a single female collected on flowers at the type
locality, November 30, 1924, by Ferd. Nevermann.
AGRILUS NEVERMANNI, new species
Female.—Small, slender, strongly acuminate posteriorly, feebly
shining, and strongly flattened above; head bright cupreous red, be-
coming bronzy green at bottom and on epistoma; pronotum bright
ART. 6 NEW BUPRESTID BEETLES FROM COSTA RICA—-FISHER 9
cupreous red, except the basal third, which is bright green; elytra
bluish black, and ornamented with yellowish white pubescent de-
signs; beneath piceous, with a vague aeneous or cupreous reflection,
and more shining than above.
Head with the front rather narrow, about equal in width at top
and bottom, the lateral margins nearly parallel, and with a large,
round, deep depression behind the epistoma; surface nearly glabrous,
coarsely, irregularly rugose, and finely, sparsely punctate between
the rugae; epistoma transverse between the antennae, and very
broadly arcuately emarginate in front; antennae extending nearly
to base of pronotum, serrate from the fourth joint, and the outer
joints longer than wide; eyes large, broadly oblong, and slightly
more acutely rounded beneath than above.
Pronotum only vaguely wider than long, wider at apex than base,
and widest near middle; sides feebly arcuately rounded from apical
angles to posterior angles, which are rectangular; when viewed from
the side the marginal carina is straight, the submarginal carina
strongly bisinuate, the two carinae narrowly separated anteriorly,
and connected to each other behind the middle; anterior margin
strongly sinuate, the median lobe strongly produced and broadly
rounded; base feebly emarginate at middle of each elytron, the
median lobe feebly produced, and broadly subtruncate in front of
scutellum; disk strongly convex anteriorly, broadly transversely con-
cave on basal half, the concavity extending narrowly along the lat-
eral margins to apical angles, a small round depression near poste-
rior angles, and without prehumeral carinae; surface obsoletely
granulose, finely but not closely rugose, the rugae more or less con-
centrical anteriorly, transverse on basal half, finely, sparsely punctate
between the rugae, and with a few short hairs near posterior angles.
Scutellum strongly, transversely carinate, and the surface finely
reticulate.
Elytra wider than pronotum at base, and distinctly wider at base
than behind middle; sides feebly arcuately rounded for a short dis-
tance behind base, broadly arcuately constricted in front of middle,
broadly arcuately expanded behind the middle, then strongly
obliquely narrowed to the tips, which are conjointly angularly emar-
ginate, and strongly serrulate; disk with a rather broad, elongate
depression along sutural margins in front of middle, sutural margins
feebly elevated posteriorly, and with broad, deep basal depressions;
surface densely, coarsely imbricate-punctate, sparsely clothed with
short inconspicuous hairs, and each elytron ornamented with yel-
lowish white pubescent designs as follows: A small spot in basal
depression, a broad vitta along sutural margin extending from basal
fourth to middle, where it is expanded transversely, but not reaching
the lateral margin, and the apical fourth sparsely clothed with simi-
58666—29——2
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
lar colored hairs, which extend narrowly along the sutural margin to
the broad vitta at middle.
Abdomen beneath finely, sparsely punctate, the punctures con-
nected transversely at middle of basal segment by sinuate lines, some-
what imbricate at sides of basal segment, very sparsely clothed with
short white hairs, and with a spot of more densely placed white
hairs at sides of the third segment; sides broadly, abruptly exposed
above; first segment convex and without long hairs at middle; last
segment rather narrowly rounded at apex; suture between first and
second segments not visible; vertical portions of first segment with a
spot of densely placed white hairs; pygidium longitudinally cari-
nate anteriorly, but the carina not projecting at apex. Prosternum
sparsely, finely punctate, more or less scabrous, and sparsely clothed
with short recumbent white hairs; prosternal lobe broad, moderately
declivous, and broadly subtruncate in front; prosternal process
broad, the sides parallel to behind the coxal cavities, then arcuately
narrowed to the apex, which is rather acute. Tibiae slender, an-
terior pair arcuate, and the anterior and middle pairs armed with a
short tooth on inner margin at apex. Posterior tarsi about one-half
as long as the tibiae, and the first joint subequal in length to the
following joints united. Tarsal claws cleft near middle, the inner
tooth broad and shorter than outer one, and not turned inward
(claws on anterior feet missing).
Length, 6 mm.; width, 1.25 mm.
Type locality—Hamburg farm, Costa Rica.
Type.—Cat. No. 41607, U.S.N.M.
Described from a unique female collected on withered leaves at the
type locality, April 11, 1926, by Ferd. Nevermann.
I take great pleasure in naming this species after my friend, Ferd.
Nevermann, of San Jose, Costa Rica, through whose careful and
energetic collecting our knowledge of the interesting fauna of Costa
Rica has been very greatly increased.
AGRILUS OBSOLETOVITTATUS, new species
Female—Small, rather slender, moderately shining, and feebly
flattened above; head green, with a vague pinkish reflection behind
the epistoma and on occiput; pronotum aureo-aeneous; elytra brown-
ish black, with a vague greenish or aeneous tinge, and each elytron
ornamented with a vague longitudinal pubescent vitta; beneath
dark brown, with a distinct aeneous or cupreous reflection, and more
shining than above.
Head with the front rather wide, feebly convex, distinctly nar-
rower at top than bottom, the lateral margins obliquely expanded
from top to bottom, and with a broad, shallow longitudinal depres-
sion extending from occiput to epistoma; surface nearly glabrous,
ART. 6 NEW BUPRESTID BEETLES FROM COSTA RICA—FISHER te
coarsely, densely, irregularly rugose, and with numerous fine punc-
tures between the rugae; epistoma strongly transverse between the
antennae, and broadly, vaguely, arcuately emarginate in front;
antennae extending to middle of pronotum, serrate from the fifth
joint, and the outer joints slightly wider than long; eyes moderately
large, not very broadly oblong, but slightly more acutely rounded
beneath than above.
Pronotum about one-third wider than long, distinctly wider at apex
than base, and widest near apex; sides feebly arcuately narrowed
from apical angles to behind middle, then more strongly narrowed
to the posterior angles, which are rectangular; when viewed from
the side the marginal and submarginal carinae are strongly sinuate,
widely separated anteriorly, and connected to each other behind
the middle; anterior margin strongly sinuate, the median lobe mod-
erately produced and broadly rounded; base broadly arcuately emar-
ginate at middle of each elytron, the median lobe slightly pro-
duced, and arcuately emarginate in front of scutellum; disk with
two broad, shallow median depressions, a rather narrow depression
on each side along lateral margin, and with strongly elevated, slightly
arcuate prehumeral carinae extending from posterior angles to basal
third, but not connected to the marginal carinae; surface coarsely,
closely, transversely rugose at middle, more obliquely rugose at the
sides, finely, sparsely punctate between the rugae, and clothed with
a few short yellow hairs in the lateral depressions near apical angles.
Scutellum strongly, transversely carinate, and the surface finely
reticulate.
Elytra slightly wider than pronotum at base, and about equal in
width at base and behind middle; sides nearly parallel for a short
distance behind base, vaguely arcuately constricted in front of mid-
dle, feebly arcuately expanded behind the middle, then obliquely
narrowed to the tips, which are separately narrowly rounded, and
strongly serrulate; disk vaguely flattened, without longitudinal
costae, sutural margins slightly elevated posteriorly, and with broad,
shallow basal depressions; surface densely, finely imbricate-punctate,
sparsely clothed with short inconspicuous hairs, and each elytron
ornamented with a broad vitta of sparsely placed, short yellowish
hairs, the vitta not very conspicuous, and extending from the basal
depression to near the apex.
Abdomen beneath obsoletely granulose, finely, rather densely punc-
tate, the punctures more or less connected transversely on basal seg-
ment by sinuate lines, and sparsely clothed with very short, recumbent
whitish hairs; sides rather broadly exposed above; first segment
convex and without long hairs at middle; last segment rather broadly
rounded at apex; suture between first and second segments not vis-
ible; vertical portions of the segments slightly more densely pubescent
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 76
than the ventral surface; pygidium without a projecting carina at
apex. Prosternum sparsely, finely punctate, somewhat rugose, and
sparsely clothed with short recumbent white hairs; prosternal lobe
broad, vaguely declivous, and broadly but not ne arcuately
emarginate in front; prosternal process broad, the sides parallel to
behind the coxal cavities, then arcuately narrowed to the apex, which
is rather acute. Tibiae slender, straight, and without a distinct
tooth on inner margin at apex. Posterior tarsi distinctly shorter than
tibiae, and the first joint as long as the following three joints united.
Tarsal claws similar on all feet, cleft near the middle, the inner tooth
broad and much shorter than outer one, and not turned inward.
Length, 5.25 mm.; width, 1.25 mm.
Type locality.—San. José, Costa Rica.
Type.—Cat. No. 41608, U.S.N.M.
Described from a staple female collected on bushes at the type
locality, May 22, 1925, by Ferd. Nevermann.
AGRILUS VIRIDICEPHALUS, new species
Male—Form resembling obsoletovitiatus Fisher; head bright
green, becoming reddish brown on the occiput; pronotum blackish,
with distinct greenish blue and purplish reflections; elytra aeneous
on basal half of disk, becoming bluish black on apical half and
toward lateral margins, and ornamented with yellowish white pu-
bescent designs; beneath dark brown, with a more or less cupreous
reflection, more shining than above, and the legs greenish.
Head with the front broad, slightly convex, narrower at top than
bottom, the lateral margins feebly arcuately expanded at middle, and
obliquely expanded at bottom, and without distinct depressions; sur-
face glabrous, densely, finely granulose, sparsely, coarsely punctate,
and longitudinally rugose on the occiput; epistoma transverse be-
tween the antennae, and broadly arcuately emarginate in front; an-
tennae extending nearly to base of pronotum, serrate from the fifth
joint, and the outer joints longer than wide; eyes large, broadly
oblong, and about equally rounded above and beneath.
Pronotum vaguely wider than long, slightly wider at apex than
base, and widest near apex; sides feebly arcuately narrowed from
apical angles to posterior angles, which are rectangular; when viewed
from the side the marginal and submarginal carinae are strongly
sinuate, rather narrowly separated anteriorly, and connected to each
other near base; anterior margin strongly sinuate, the median lobe
strongly produced, and broadly rounded; base arcuately emarginate
at middle of each elytron, the median lobe feebly produced, and
vaguely arcuately emarginate in front of scutellum; disk without
distinct median depressions, but with a broad, very shallow depres-
sion on each side along lateral margin, and with strongly elevated,
ART. 6 NEW BUPRESTID BEETLES FROM COSTA RICA—FISHER 13
vaguely arcuate prehumeral carinae, extending from posterior angles
to marginal carinae near middle; surface glabrous except for a few
short hairs along lateral margins, coarsely, rather closely, trans-
versely rugose at middle, more obliquely rugose at the sides, and
sparsely, finely punctate between the rugae. Scutellum strongly
transversely carinate, and the surface finely reticulate.
Elytra slightly wider than pronotum at base, and about equal in
width at base and behind middle; sides nearly parallel for a short
distance behind base, broadly arcuately constricted in front of middle,
broadly arcuately expanded behind the middle, then obliquely nar-
rowed to the tips, which are separately, rather broadly rounded, and
strongly serrulate; disk with a rather broad, elongate depression
‘along sutural margins in front of middle, sutural margins strongly
elevated posteriorly, and with broad, shallow basal depressions; sur-
face finely, densely imbricate-punctate, sparsely clothed with very
short inconspicuous hairs, and each elytron ornamented with yellow-
ish white pubescent designs as follows: A small spot in basal de-
pression, a broad vitta along sutural margin extending from basal
fourth to middle, where it extends transversely outward, but not
reaching the lateral margin, and with numerous scattered hairs over
the apical fourth.
Abdomen beneath obsoletely reticulate, finely, sparsely punctate,
the punctures more or less connected transversely on basal segment by
sinuate lines, and sparsely clothed with short recumbent white hairs;
sides narrowly exposed above; first segment convex and without
long hairs at middle; last segment broadly rounded at apex; suture
between first and second segments not visible; vertical portions of
segments not conspicuously pubescent; pygidium without a pro-
jecting carina at apex. Prosternum coarsely, densely rugose, some-
what scabrous, and sparsely clothed with short recumbent white
hairs; prosternal lobe broad, strongly declivous, and densely clothed
with long, erect yellow hairs along anterior margin, which is broadly
subtruncate; prosternal process broad and concave, the sides parallel
to behind the coxal cavities, then abruptly narrowed to the apex,
which is obtusely rounded. Tibiae slender, straight, and the anterior
and middle pairs armed with a short tooth on inner margin at apex.
Posterior tarsi distinctly shorter than tibiae, and the first joint as
long as the following two joints united. Tarsal claws cleft near the
middle, the inner tooth broad and much shorter than outer one, and
not turned inward (claws on middle and posterior feet missing).
Length, 5.25 mm.; width, 1.2 mm.
Type locality—Hamburg farm, Costa Rica.
Type.—Cat. No. 41609, U.S.N.M.
Described from a single male collected at light at the type locality,
November 15, 1923, by Ferd. Nevermann.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T6
AGRILUS COERULEONIGRA, new species
Female——Small, very slender, strongly acuminate posteriorly,
shining, and rather strongly flattened above; head and pronotum
bottle green, and the former with a ruby tinge on the front; elytra
bluish or greenish black, and ornamented with pubescent markings;
beneath reddish cupreous, and more shining than above.
Head with the front moderately wide, convex, wider at top than
bottom, the sides feebly arcuately expanded at middle, and with a
rather broad, shallow, longitudinal depression on the occiput and
vertex; surface finely, sparsely punctate, becoming coarsely, irregu-
larly rugose toward top, and clothed with a few short hairs behind
the epistoma; epistoma very narrow between the antennae, and the
anterior margin broadly, deeply, arcuately emarginate at middle;
antennae extending scarcely to middle of pronotum, serrate from
the fourth joint, and the outer joints as wide as long; eyes very large,
broadly oblong, and about equally rounded above and beneath.
Pronotum one-third wider than long, about equal in width at base
and apex, and widest at middle; sides arcuately rounded, more
strongly posteriorly to near the posterior angles, which are slightly
expanded and rather acute; when viewed from the sides the marginal
and submarginal carinae are vaguely sinuate, narrowly separated
anteriorly, and connected to each other behind the middle; anterior
margin shghtly sinuate, and the median lobe feebly, broadly rounded;
base angularly emarginate at middle of each elytron, the median lobe
broadly rounded, feebly produced, and subtruncate in front of scu-
tellum; disk moderately convex, broadly concave along base, the con-
cavity extending along lateral margins, but becoming narrower to-
ward the apical angles, and with strongly elevated, arcuate pre-
humeral carinae extending from posterior angles to the marginal
carinae at middle; surface glabrous, finely but not closely rugose, the
rugae more or less transverse at the middle, more oblique toward the
sides, and with a few fine punctures between the rugae. Scutellum
strongly, transversely carinate, and the surface finely, densely reticu-
late.
Klytra slightly wider than pronotum at base, and distinctly wider
at base than behind middle; sides nearly parallel for a short distance
behind base, feebly narrowed to behind middle (vaguely constricted
in front of middle), then strongly narrowed to apical sixth, where
they are nearly parallel to the tips, which are separately, deeply,
acutely emarginate, with the two teeth long, acute, and the inner
one distinctly shorter than outer one; disk broadly, vaguely, longi-
‘tudinally depressed along sutural margins, causing a more or less
distinct longitudinal costa at middle of each elytron, sutural margins
rather strongly elevated posteriorly, and with broad, moderately deep
ART. 6 NEW BUPRESTID BEETLES FROM COSTA RICA
FISHER 15
basal depressions; surface coarsely but not deeply imbricate-punctate,
sparsely clothed with short inconspicuous hairs, and each elytron or-
namented with yellowish white pubescent designs as follows: A large
elongate spot in sutural depression in front of middle, and a narrower
vitta in the sutural depression extending from the apex to just behind
the middle, where the vitta is shghtly enlarged.
Abdomen beneath finely, sparsely punctate, the punctures coarser
and connected transversely by sinuate lines on the basal segment,
very sparsely clothed with short recumbent white hairs, and the last
three segments with a small spot of denser white hairs at the sides;
sides rather broadly exposed above; first segment convex and with-
out long pubescence at middle; last segment rather acutely rounded
at apex; suture between first and second segments not visible; vertical
portions of first segment with a spot of dense golden yellow pubes-
cence; pygidium longitudinally carinate, but the carina not project-
ing at apex. Prosternum coarsely rugose, and sparsely clothed with
short recumbent hairs; prosternal lobe broad, moderately declivous,
and broadly rounded in front; prosternal process broad, slightly ex-
panded behind the coxal cavities, then abruptly narrowed to the
apex, which is bent upward and acute. ‘Tibiae slender, straight, and
the anterior pair armed with a minute tooth on the inner margin at
apex. Posterior tibiae missing. 'Tarsal claws on anterior and middle
feet similar, cleft near middle, the teeth long and acute, the inner
one turned inward, and the tip nearly touching that of the opposite
side.
Length, 6.25 mm.; width, 1.25 mm.
Type locality—San José, Costa Rica.
Type.—Cat. No. 41610, U.S.N.M.
Described from a single female collected at the type locality during
May, 1922, by Ferd. Nevermann.
AGRILUS TURRIALBENSIS, new species
Female.—Elongate, slender, shining, and strongly flattened above;
head reddish cupreous in front but becoming greenish brown on the
occiput; pronotum dark olivaceous green, with a feeble purplish
reflection toward the lateral margins; elytra greenish black, with a
feeble purplish tinge at humeral angles and apex, and ornamented
with whitish pubescent spots; beneath piceous, with distinct aeneous
and cupreous reflections, and more shining than above.
Head with the front wide, shghtly convex, about equal in width
at top and bottom, the lateral margins feebly arcuately expanded at
middle, and with a broad, deep, longitudinal depression extending
from epistoma to occiput; surface coarsely, irregularly rugose, with a
few fine punctures between the rugae, except at bottom where the
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 76
surface is very sparsely, coarsely, and irregularly punctate, and
clothed with whitish pubescence behind the epistoma and antennal
cavities; epistoma not transverse between the antennae, but deeply
arcuately emarginate in front; antennae extending nearly to middle
of pronotum, serrate from the fourth joint, and the outer joints about
as wide as long; eyes large, broadly oblong, and equally rounded
above and beneath.
Pronotum nearly one-half wider than long, about equal in width
at base and apex, and widest at middle; sides slightly arcuately
rounded from apical angles to posterior angles, which are rectangu-
lar; when viewed from the side the marginal and submarginal
carinae are feebly sinuate, rather narrowly separated anteriorly,
and connected to each other behind the middle; anterior margin
feebly sinuate and without a distinct median lobe; base feebly emar-
ginate at middle of each elytron, the median lobe broadly rounded,
and subtruncate in front of scutellum; disk with two large, vague
depressions placed longitudinally at middle, a broad, deep depres-
sion on each side along lateral margin, and with strongly elevated,
arcuate prehumeral carinae extending from posterior angles to mar-
ginal carinae at middle; surface coarsely but not deeply transversely
rugose at middle, becoming irregularly rugose toward the sides, finely
punctate between the rugae, and sparsely clothed with very short
whitish hairs in the lateral depressions. Scutellum strongly, trans-
versely carinate, and the surface smooth.
Elytra slightly wider than pronotum at base and distinctly wider
at base than behind middle; sides nearly parallel for a short distance
behind base, feebly narrowed to behind middle (vaguely constricted
in front of middle), then more strongly, obliquely narrowed to near
the tips, which are slightly expanded, broadly subtruncate, and
coarsely, irregularly dentate; disk broadly, deeply depressed along
sutural margins, causing a broadly rounded longitudinal costa at
middle of each elytron, sutural margins distinctly elevated poste-
riorly, and with broad, deep basal depressions; surface vaguely
rugose, sparsely, finely punctate, sparsely clothed with short incon-
spicuous black hairs, and each elytron ornamented with whitish
pubescent spots as follows: Four elongate spots placed in the sutural
depression, one at base, one in front of middle, one behind middle,
and one near apex, and an additional elongate spot along lateral
margin behind middle.
Abdomen beneath finely, sparsely punctate, the punctures more or
less connected transversely by vague sinuate lines on basal segment,
sparsely clothed with short inconspicuous hairs, and with a large
spot of white pubescence at sides of third segment; sides very
broadly, abruptly exposed above; first segment convex and without
long pubescence at middle; last segment broadly rounded at apex;
ART. 6 NEW BUPRESTID BEETLES FROM COSTA RICA—-FISHER 73
suture between first and second segments not visible; vertical por-
tions of all segments except the second clothed with distinct spots
of white pubescence; pygidium broadly sinuate at apex, but without
a projecting carina. Prosternum sparsely, coarsely punctate, more
finely anteriorly, and clothed with short, recumbent white hairs;
prosternal lobe broad, moderately declivous, and broadly, vaguely
emarginate in front; prosternal process broad, feebly expanded be-
hind the coxal cavities, then abruptly narrowed to the apex, which
is bent upward and acute. Tibiae slender, the anterior pair slightly
arcuate, and armed with a very short tooth on inner margin at apex.
Posterior tarsi distinctly shorter than tibiae, and the first joint as
long as the following three joints united. Tarsal claws nearly sim-
ilar on all feet, cleft near middle, the teeth slender, and the inner
ones slightly shorter than outer ones and turned inward, but their
tips distant.
Length, 11.75 mm.; width, 2.75 mm.
Type locality —San Jose, Costa Rica.
Type.—Cat. No. 41611 U.S.N.M.
Described from a single female collected on “ guava leaves (Jnga
sp.)” at the type locality, September 1, 1926, by Ferd. Nevermann.
This is not the guava found in the southern part of the United
States, which belongs to the genus Psidiwm and known under the
name of guava by the English-speaking peoples, but is the Spanish
name for various species belonging to the genus Jnga found in Cen-
tral America, where it is considered the best tree for shading the
coffee plants.
14
TAPHROCERUS BREVICARINATUS, new species
Elongate, more strongly attenuate posteriorly, moderately convex,
feebly flattened above, and nearly glabrous; above uniformly aeneous;
beneath piceous, with a strong aeneous tinge.
Head much narrower than pronotum at base, strongly convex from
top to bottom, nearly flat transversely, the lateral margins vaguely
wider at top than bottom, and with a broad, longitudinal, very shal-
low concave depression extending from epistoma to middle of front;
temple about one-third as wide as the transverse diameter of the eye;
surface obsoletely reticulate, and glabrous.
Pronotum moderately convex, nearly twice as wide as long, dis-
tinctly wider at base than apex, and widest at base; sides when
viewed from above obliquely expanded from apical angles to pos-
terior angles, which are nearly rectangular; anterior margin trans-
versely truncate; base transversely truncate to middle of each elytron,
with the median lobe feebly produced and vaguely emarginate in
front of scutellum; disk with a narrow transverse depression behind
the anterior margin, broadly depressed along lateral margins, and
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 76
broadly, deeply, transversely concave on basal half, the concavity
more shallow in front of the scutellum; surface obsoletely reticulate,
and with a few scattered, inconspicuous ocellate punctures in the de-
pressions. Scutellum small, triangular, obsoletely granulose, and
feebly arcuately rounded in front.
Elytra feebly convex above, about as wide as pronotum at base, and
equal in width at base and middle; humeral angles obtusely angu-
jated; sides obliquely expanded from base to basal sixth, arcuately
constricted at basal fourth, broadly arcuately rounded at middle, then
obliquely narrowed to near the tips, which are conjointly, rather
broadly rounded, and finely, irregularly serrulate; humeri smooth
and strongly developed; disk with broad, shallow basal depressions,
and with a distinct, vaguely arcuate lateral carina on each elytron
extending from middle to near apex; surface clothed with a few
short inconspicuous hairs near apex, very coarsely and irregularly
punctate, the punctures coarser and forming more or less distinct
rows in basal region along sutural margins, more irregular toward
the sides, becoming finer and more obsolete toward the apex, and the
intervals smooth.
Abdomen beneath sparsely, irregularly ocellate-punctate, the punc-
tures very shallow, elongate, open posteriorly, and from the center of
each arises a very short white hair; intervals obsoletely reticulate;
last segment rather narrowly rounded at apex, with the apical groove
deep, and following the outline of the apical half of the segment.
Metasternum punctured similarly to that of the abdomen. Pro-
sternum finely, densely reticulate.
Length, 3 mm.; width, 1.2 mm.
Type locality —Las Mercedes, Costa Rica.
Type.—Cat. No. 41618, U.S.N.M.
Described from a single specimen collected on bushes at the type
locality, November 15, 1922, by Ferd. Nevermann. Las Mercedes is
on the northern slope of the voleano Turrialba, at an altitude of 150
meters, in the Santa Clara district.
In Doctor Obenberger’s paper on a Revision of the Genus Taphro-
cerus,’ this species runs down to Jaesicollis Chevrolat in his table to
the species, but there seems to be an error in the placing of Zaesicollis
in the table. Doctor Obenberger places it among the species having
the elytral carinae distinct only in the apical region, whereas they
are distinct only in the humeral region. Chevrolat,? in the original
description of this species from Cuba, describes the elytra as having
the “callo humerali elevato costulam longitudinalem efficienti.”
Taphrocerus brevicarinatus is also allied to depilis described by
Kerremans from Brazil, but that species is shining black above, with
SRE OC Ein OPO RO AON UTES WOR Titi 1) UUTON en
1 Sbornik, vol. 2, 1924, p. 48. ? Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, p. 587.
art.6 - NEW BUPRESTID BEETLES FROM COSTA RICA—FISHER 19
a feeble bronzy green reflection, and the elytra are sparsely clothed
with more or less distinct whitish hairs.
BRACHYS NEVERMANNI, new species
Male—Broadly cuneiform, more than twice as long as wide,
broadly rounded in front, more acuminate posteriorly, moderately
shining, and sparsely pubescent, the pubescence forming more or less
distinct designs on the elytra; above dark brown, with more or less
distinct aeneous and greenish reflections in certain lights; beneath
piceous, with a feeble aeneous tinge.
Head feebly convex, strongly flattened in front, and without gib-
bosities on the vertex, but with a narrow longitudinal groove on the
front, the groove becoming obsolete on the occiput and behind the
epistoma; surface finely, sparsely punctate or granulose on occiput
and vertex, with a smooth area on each side of the front, densely,
finely punctate on lower half, sparsely clothed with recumbent yel-
lowish hairs on occiput and vertex, and densely clothed with long,
semierect silvery white hairs behind the epistoma; epistoma very
narrow between the antennal cavities, slightly elevated, and not
transversely carinate in front.
Pronotum moderately convex, nearly two and one-half times as
wide as long at middle, distinctly narrower at apex than base, and
widest at base; sides obliquely narrowed from base to apical angles;
when viewed from the side the lateral margins are feebly sinuate,
and more strongly arcuate near the posterior angles for the reception
of the anterior legs; anterior margin transversely truncate; base
transversely truncate to middle of each elytron, where it is feebly
arcuately emarginate, then turning obliquely backward to the scutel-
lum, in front of which it is feebly arcuately emarginate; posterior
angles rectangular; disk broadly, transversely concave on basal half,
the concavity extending obliquely forward to the apical angles, caus-
ing the antero-median part of the disk to be regularly convex, and
with an elongate elevation and a distinct short carina on each side
near the posterior angles; surface densely, obsoletely reticulate, and
sparsely, irregularly punctate, the punctures fine and very sparse
on convex area, but becoming ocellate-punctate in the depressions,
and sparsely, irregularly clothed with rather long, recumbent yel-
low hairs, with a few white hairs near the apical angles. Scutellum
triangular, vaguely wider than long, with the anterior margin feebly
rounded, and the surface densely, obsoletely reticulate.
Elytra shghtly narrower than pronotum at base; humeral angles
obtusely rounded; sides nearly parallel to middle (feebly arcuately
emarginate at basal fourth), then obliquely narrowed to the tips,
which are separately narrowly rounded, with the lateral margins
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
entire; disk with distinct lateral carinae, which are sinuate, strongly
elevated, and extending from humeral angles to near the apex, a
broad, deep depression on each side behind the humeral angles, and
with broad, moderately deep, transverse basal depressions; surface
finely, sparsely, irregularly punctate, with a few coarser punctures
forming more or less distinct rows in basal region, the intervals aluta-
ceous, and each elytron ornamented with pubescent designs as fol-
lows: A single row of brownish yellow hairs extending from basal
lobe to near middle, a shorter row between it and the humerus, a
broad, irregular fascia at middle, composed of sparsely placed pale
yellow and brownish yellow hairs intermixed, with a few small in-
distinct spots of white hairs anteriorly, a similar fascia covering the
apical fourth, with a more distinct white pubescent spot anteriorly
near sutural margin, a few scattered hairs of the same color in. the
humeral region, and between the median and apical fasciae the sur-
face is sparsely clothed with inconspicuous, semierect dark brown
hairs.
Abdomen beneath sparsely ocellate-punctate, the punctures large,
distinct, oblong, open posteriorly, and from each puncture arises a
3)
long, recumbent white hair; intervals densely, obsoletely reticulate;
5)
last segment broadly, obtusely rounded at apex, with the margin en-
tire, and the apical groove deep and following the outline of the
posterior margin.
Length, 3 mm.; width, 1.25 mm.
Type locality—Hamburg farm, Costa Rica.
Type.—Cat. No. 41614, U.S.N.M.
Described from a unique male collected on an unknown bush at the
type locality, December 15, 1824, by Ferd. Nevermann.
This species resembles ornatus Fisher, but in that species the front
of the head is not densely clothed with long silvery white pubes-
cence, the surface above is piceous and more strongly shining, and the
white pubescence on the elytra forms distinct designs, whereas in
nevermanni it simply forms a few inconspicuous spots.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1929
BRIAROSACCUS CALLOSUS, A NEW GENUS AND NEW
SPECIES OF A RHIZOCEPHALAN PARASITE OF LITH-
ODES AGASSIZIIT SMITH
By H. BoscuMa
Of the University in Leiden, Holland
The collection of the United States National Museum contains
among a large number of other specimens, which for the greater part
are representatives of previously described genera, one that is remark-
able for its enormous size. It is a parasite of Lithodes agassizii Smith,
which has been taken from its host. Consequently its position on
the host is unknown, but probably the long axis of the parasite was
lying in the transverse plane of the host, as in this manner more space
is available between the thorax and the abdomen of Lithodes.
The internal anatomy of the parasite is very similar to that of
Peltogaster, and the parasite certainly is a representative of the
Peltogastridae. In some respects, however, the specimen differs from
Peltogaster and the other known genera of the family, and these dif-
ferences are striking enough to establish for this specimen a new
genus, which I propose to call Briarosaccus on account of the gigantic
size of the type specimen. This genus may be defined as follows:
BRIAROSACCUS, new genus
Body slightly elongate, curved. Stalk about in the central part of
the dorsal surface. Mantle opening at one extremity. Mesentery
from the mantle opening to the posterior part of the dorsal surface,
thin, except in the region of the stalk. Colleteric glands at the left
and right side of the mesentery, highly lobular. Testes paired, situ-
ated in the dorsal part of the visceral mass, parallel to long axis.
In general structure Briarosaccus reminds one strongly of that of
Peltogaster, from which it differs chiefly in the relative narrowness of
the mesentery, the more complicated structure of the colleteric glands,
and in its peculiar retinacula. The mesentery which joins the
mantle to the visceral mass in Peltogaster is very broad (Boschma,
1928, fig. 4), having the breadth of one-fourth or more of the surface
of the latter. Consequently it can not be compared directly with
that in the Sacculinidae, in which there is a narrow ligament connect-
No. 2804.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 76, ART. 7
93740—30 1
Pe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
ing the visceral mass with the mantle. In Briarosaccus the mesentery
is comparatively narrow as in the Sacculinidae (fig. 3).
The type specimen of the genus, described below, may be character-
ized as a distinct species especially by the structure of the chitinous
covering of the mantle.
BRIAROSACCUS CALLOSUS, new species
Type.—Cat. No. 62304, U.S.N.M., on Lithodes agassizw Smith,
‘ Albatross”’ Sta. 2666 (off Fernandina, Fla., 270 fathoms) or Sta. 2677
(off Cape Fear, N. C., 478 fathoms), 1886.
External cuticle thick and callous, with grooves and shallow pits.
The surface is covered with small excrescences, which have a length
of approximately 94 and form a dense covering of the outer layer.
FIGURE 1.—BRIAROSACCUS CALLOSUS, RIGHT SURFACE. NATURAL SIZE
Internal cuticle with retinacula of large size, containing numerous
spindles, which vary in length from 15y to 55y.
The specimen has a length of 98 mm, its height attains 53 mm,
and the thickness amounts to 31mm. As compared with all other
Rhizocephala hitherto known it really is a gigantic animal (fig. 1).
The thick external cuticle possesses a number of grooves which spread
from the stalk toward the ventral region of the parasite. Between
these grooves and especially at the ventral region the surface of the
mantle shows numerous small depressions, giving the surface a
dotted appearance. The stalk is surrounded by a strong shield,
consisting of chitin of a harder kind and of a darker color than the
remainder of the external cuticle. The mantle opening is found at
one side of the animal, which consequently has to be regarded as the
anterior pole. In Figure 1 it is visible, though rather indistinctly,
ART, 7 A NEW RHIZOCEPHALAN PARASITE—BOSCHMA 3
at the extreme right of the figure. It is surrounded by a thick
sphincter, as a result of which the parts around the mantle opening
slightly protrude, forming thereby a kind
of wall. The shape of the mantle open-
ing is more distinctly visible in Figure 2,
which represents a part of the anterior
region of the animal.
For the study of the internal structure
the mantle has been removed from the
visceralmass. Figure 3 showsthe greater
part of the internal surface of the mantle.
At the left side of the figure the mantle
opening, surrounded by its strongly devel-
oped sphincter, may be seen. Slightly
above the center of the figure the region
of the stalk is to be seen as a concavity
in a part of the mesentery. The latter,
which has been detached from the visceral
mass, extends from the sphincter of the
mantle opening to the posterior part of
FIGURE 2.—BRIAROSACCUS CALLOSUS,
PART OF THE MANTLE, WITH THE MAN=
TLE OPENING. APPROXIMATELY
NATURAL SIZE
the dorsal! surface (behind the stalk). Only a part of the mesentery,
the posterior part, is found exactly at the dorsal surface; the anterior
Siar
FIGURE 3.—BRIAROSACCUS CALLOSUS, THE GREATER PART OF THE MANTLE, INTERNAL SURFACE
part of the mesentery stretches from the mantle opening along the
right surface of the mantle toward the stalk. The mantle opening
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 76
also does not occupy exactly the anterior pole, but lies slightly on
the right side of the median plane. Consequently the parasite is
not completely bilaterally symmetrical. Except the central part of
the mesentery, which surrounds the stalk, the whole of this organ
FIGURE 4.—BRIAROSACCUS CALLOSUS, VISCERAL MASS, RIGHT SURFACE. THE
SOLID LINE DELIMITS THE PART FROM WHICH SECTIONS HAVE BEEN MADE,
THE LINE @ LOCATES FIGURE 6, AND 0, FIGURE 5
constitutes a narrow strip of tissue connecting the visceral mass with
the mantle. The central part is much broader; here a quantity of
strong muscles are present which fasten the visceral mass to the
shieldlike portion of the cuticle round the stalk. Asin other Rhizo-
AN
ms
LASTER ANB
FIGURE 5.—BRIAROSACCUS CALLOSUS, PART OF A TRANSVERSE SECTION b IN FIGURE 4, SHOWING THE
TESTES. X7
cephala, the mesentery contains large lacunae, one of which is in
connection with a spacious lacuna found in the posterior region and
in the median plane of the ventral surface of the mantle. In the
anterior region this lacuna terminates in the sphincter of the mantle
ART. 7 A NEW RHIZOCEPHALAN *PARASITE—BOSCHMA 5
opening. This lacuna is distinctly visible in Figure 3; it denotes
approximately the ventral and posterior border of the mantle when
not spread out as in the figure.
Nearly the whole space of the mantle cavity was occupied by the
well-developed visceral mass, no eggs or developing larvae being
present in the mantle cavity. The visceral mass (fig. 4) possesses a
somewhat wrinkled surface, doubtless on account of the pressure of
the irregular internal surface of the mantle. The scar of the removed
mesentery is visible in the figure, at the left side the posterior part,
which lies approximately in the median plane; at the right side of
the figure the anterior part of the mesentery, which deviates from the
median plane and runs along the right side of the visceral mass
toward the mantle opening, is to be seen.
FIGURE 6.—BRIAROSACCUS CALLOSUS, PART OF A TRANSVERSE SECTION @ IN FIGURE 4, SHOWING ONE OF
THE COLLETERIC GLANDS. ‘THE CONTENTS OF THIS GLAND HAVE BEEN OMITTEDIN THE FIGURE. XX 14
For the study of the internal organs a part of the visceral mass
has been cut off. This part, from which a series of sections has been
made, is indicated in Figure 4 by the full line. Parts of two sections
are represented in the present paper; Figure 6 is a drawing of a part
of a section corresponding with the line a in Figure 4, whilst Figure
5 is drawn after a section from the region indicated with 6 in Figure 4.
With the exception of the part surrounded by the line in Figure 4,
the visceral mass consists nearly completely of groups of eggs in the
ovary; between these groups of eggs numerous smaller and larger
muscles are present. As already remarked, the central part of the
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 76
dorsal region is highly muscular (fig. 5); moreover, in this part large
lacunae are found which are connected with the one which runs along
the ventral surface of the mantle.
The testes (fig. 5) are found in the dorsal part of the visceral mass,
in the region below the stalk. They consist of more or less straight
tubes which are directed parallel to the median plane: Surrounding
the testes there are lacunae of rather large size. The male genital
openings could not be found in the sections, as the posterior part of
the testes is rather indistinctly visible. In common with all other
organs, the testes have a comparatively large size; their diameter
amounts to 1 mm approximately in some parts.
The colleteric glands have a much more complicated structure
than those of the other Peltogastridae. They are at each side of the
median plane, not far from the stalk; their larger diameter amounts
to 10 mm approximately. The lumen of the glands is rather wide,
projecting from the center outward as a number of diverticules
which in turn give rise to smaller divisions toward the periphery
of the gland (fig. 6). The epithelium of these glands consists of a
double layer of rather high cells, which are surrounded externally by
a thin muscular layer. At various points the latter is connected
with the muscles which traverse the visceral mass. The colleteric
glands contain a rather irregular mass of secretion (for the sake of
clearness omitted in the figure) in which no distinct structure can
be found. An opening of the glands on the periphery of the visceral
mass could not be detected, but at the proximal side of the glands
there is a large opening, constituting the passage for the ripe eggs
into the glands. By their highly complicated structure the colleteric
glands of Briarosaccus form one of the generic peculiarities separating
the genus from the other Peltogastridae.
The specific characters of Briarosaccus callosus may be derived
with sufficient accuracy from the details of the chitinous coverings
of the external and internal surface of the mantle. As might be
expected, these parts also are characterized by their thickness and
solidity.
The external cuticle of the mantle (fig. 7a) consists of two layers,
owing to the fact that the cuticle is in the process of ecdysis. One
might think that the two layers had developed by fission of the
originally simple external cuticle, but as both of the two layers at
their upper surface possess the characteristic small excrescences
described below, we have here a formation of a new layer under the
old external cuticle. These two layers of the cuticle, both with their
characteristic excrescences, have been found in different Sacculinidae
(Boschma, 1927); and the phenomenon, therefore, is not at all uncom-
mon among Rhizocephala. Both of the layers of the external cuticle
possess at their upper surface numerous small slender papillae (fig.
76), which have a length of about 94. Those of the outer layer are
ART, 7 A NEW RHIZOCEPHALAN PARASITE—BOSCHMA Z
somewhat less regular by being partially worn off, but on the whole
they have the same form and size.
The two layers of the external cuticle have approximately the
same thickness, which in the lateral parts of the mantle is about
275u. With a number of folds and irregular excrescences the two
cuticular layers project into the mantle, causing thereby the wrinkled
appearance of the whole animal.
The mantle is highly muscular; in transverse sections a number of
muscular elements are visible, which constitute the transverse mus-
culature of the mantle. Moreover, many of the epithelial muscular
cells connect the external and the internal cuticle. Besides the
= Se
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2 NEL
SS
hers £24
GLEE SYP
FIGURE 7.—BRIAROSACCUS CALLOSUS. a, SECTION THROUGH THE MANTLE, SHOWING THE TWO
LAYERS OF THE EXTERNAL CUTICLE, THE INTERNAL CUTICLE, AND THE EPITHELIUM, MUSCLES,
AND LACUNAE OF THE MANTLE. X18. 6, EXCRESCENCES OF THE EXTERNAL CUTICLE, SEEN FROM
ABOVE. X 660
muscles and the epithelium the mantle contains several lacunae of
different sizes.
As the external cuticle the internal chitinous sheath of the mantle is
strongly developed; it may even attain a thickness of 50u. Itssurface
is rather irregular and wrinkled, and bears a large quantity of well-de-
veloped retinacula, two of which may be seen in the section represented
in Figure 7a. The retinacula of Briarosaccus (fig. 8) differ from those
of Peliogaster by their great number of spindles. They occur in
abundance on the lower surface of the internal cuticle (fig. 8a) and vary
in size from 75yp to over 200u. A few more strongly enlarged retinac-
ula are represented in Figures 86-d, from which may be seen the
strong variability in the shape of these organs and of their spindles.
Not only the number of spindles in each retinaculum is different (this
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 76
number varies from 10 to 40 approximately) but also the size and
shape of the spindles are subject to strong variation. The shape
of the spindles strongly suggests those in Peltogaster, which have
been described by Delage (1886) and figured by the present author
(Boschma, 1928, fig. 3). The spindles have a more or less pointed
extremity; some are comparatively slender, others are thicker. The
length of the spindles, even of those of one retinaculum, varies from
15u to 55. Barbs could not be found at the surface of the spindles,
but when studied with a high power their surface appears somewhat
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FIGURE 8.—BRIAROSACCUS CALLOSUS, RETINACULA. @, PART OF THE INTERNAL CUTICLE WITH
RETINACULA. X 45. b,c, AND d, THREE DIFFERENT RETINACULA. X 330
granulated, but without definite excrescences such as occur on the
spindles of many Sacculinidae. The basal part of the spindles is
more or less narrowed, forming a kind of short stalk.
LITERATURE CITED
H. Boscuma, 1927. Uber europiiische Formen der Gattung Sacculina. Zool.
Jahrb., Abt. f. Syst., vol. 54.
, 1928. Rhizocephala of the North Atlantic Region. The Danish Ingolf
Expedition, vol. 3, part 10. =p
Y. Dexace, 1886. Sur le Systeme Nerveux et sur quelques autres points de
VOrganisation du Peltogaster (Rathke). Arch. Zool. Exp. Gén., vol. 4.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1930
A NEW VARIETY OF THE HEXACTINELLID SPONGE,
RHABDOCALYPTUS DAWSONI (LAMBE) AND THE
SPECIES OF RHABDOCALYPTUS
By H. V. Witson and J. T. Pennry
Of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C.
The sponge herein described was sent to us for identification by
the United States Bureau of Fisheries. It was “taken on a halibut
hook in 100 fathoms of water off Cape Spencer, Alaska.” It is a
remarkably fine specimen, falling under Rhabdocalyptus dawsont
(Lambe). The differences from the type are for the most part
the usual quantitative ones which mark off the members of a widely
ranging species that live at some considerable distance from one
another. A more definite point of difference is exhibited by the
spicules lining the paragastric cavity and this makes it advisable
to classify the form as a (presumably geographical) variety.
RHABDOCALYPTUS DAWSONI var. ALASCENSIS, new variety
Diagnosis.—V ariety marked off from the type by the autogastralia.
These are hexacts with tangential rays, 315 to 385u long, minutely
spinose; parenchymal ray usually shorter than tangential rays,
smooth or feebly spinose; free ray smooth or occasionally feebly
spinose, smoother and distinctly shorter than the other rays.
Type-locality—Oft Cape Spencer Alaska.
Holotype-—Cat. No. 21382, U.S.N.M.
Rhabdocalyptus (Bathydorus) dawsoni was established by L. M.
Lambe (1892, p. 73), for four specimens taken in 20-40 fathoms
off the coast of British Columbia. F. E. Schulze (1897, p. 37; 1899,
p. 54) after examining preparations made from one of Lambe’s
specimens assigned the form to Rhabdocalyptus Schulze (Schulze
1887, p. 155), one of the genera with discoctasters (Lambe’s dis-
cohexasters, 1892, pl. 6, fig. 2e; the spicule often gives the appear-
ance of having only six instead of eight main rays). Schulze fur-
ther reports (1899, p. 55) on his study of three specimens and
some fragments of this species taken by the Albatross off the coast
No. 2805.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 76, ART. 8
1
58645—30
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
of California and British Columbia at depths ranging from 55 to
437 meters. The species is vase-shaped, as are the species in
general (2. plumodigitatus Kirkpatrick is cup-shaped), of the genus.
The largest specimen of 2. dawsoni hitherto taken is Lambe’s type,
about 275 mm. high.
The sponge (pl. 1) herein described is a dried vase, widely open
above, about 510 mm. high, tapering somewhat toward the upper
(cloacal) and lower ends; cross diameter at middle of body about
250 mm.; lower end irregular as if molded over the substratum; ex-
treme lower end only about 55 mm. wide. Wall of vase at middle of
body about 22 mm. thick. Rim of cloacal aperture torn away on one
side; normal aperture would measure about 130 mm. in diameter.
Dried sponge is of a light yellowish color; firm but fragile and very
light in weight.
The autodermalia have been lost, washed or rubbed off, from almost
the entire surface of the body. The meshes of the hypodermal net-
work are therefore exposed; they are polygonal, something less than
1 mm. in diameter, the intervening strands narrow. Beneath this
network the open ends of numerous (doubtless afferent) radial canals
are plainly visible. The gastral membrane is well preserved, smooth,
showing neat squarish meshes just visible to the eye and distinctly
smaller than those of the hypodermal reticulum. Beneath this mem-
brane the open ends of numerous radial (doubtless efferent) canals
may be seen as on the outer surface.
The surface of the sponge shows many depressed areas which are
apparently mere accidental growth features. Some of them, as being
protected places, are lined with, some practically filled with, prostal
pentacts. Some of them contain also dense matted tufts of long pro-
jecting spicules (prostalia lateralia). These include many slender
subcylindrical diacts, in general smooth but roughened subterminally,
with rounded ends; characteristic spicules measure 10-17 mm. in
length, diameter about 12». Other stouter diacts occur, smooth in
general but roughened subterminally, tapering gradually from the
wniddle toward the slender ends which terminate in rounded or fairly
sharp points; characteristic spicules measured 16-19 mm. in length,
diameter at the middle 35 to 56x. Schulze records, for the type, the
prostalia lateralia as consisting of prostal oxypentacts (hypoder-
malia, see p. 37) and smooth oxydiacts 10-15 mm. by about 40z.
The cloacal rim bears a marginal fringe 10-20 mm. high made up
of long diacts, smooth in general, roughened subterminally. Spic-
ules resembling the stouter ones described above and as large as
22 mm. by 63» occur. The slenderer ones, many of which accompany
the larger as comitalia, resemble the slender diacts described above.
Schulze (1899) finds that the fringe in his specimens of the type is
ART. 8 A NEW VARIETY OF SPONGE—WILSON AND PENNEY 5
8-10 mm. high and that the spicules composing it are to be classed as
ascending prostalia lateralia.
There is no definite root tuft but there are some matted tangles
of long projecting spicules at the lower end of the body resembling
in appearance and composition those on the lateral surface. The
larger form of diact may reach in these basal tufts a length of 25 mm.
diameter at middle 100u. These spicules commonly taper continu-
ously from the middle toward the ends, but in some spicules the
tapering ceases at a little distance from the extremity and the ends
are clavate.
The parenchymalia are diacts, stout and slender, strewn in all
directions through the parenchyma. ‘There are many bundles of the
usual sort consisting of one stout diact (principal) accompanied by
slender ones (comitalia). The spicules are like those described above
as projecting from the lateral surface and basal end, except that the
class of stout oxydiacts includes relatively shorter and stouter spic-
ules grading down to 8-10 mm. by 40z to 90u, sometimes with smooth
ends. Just below the gastral surface and tangential to it still smaller
diacts of this class occur. They may be as small as 1 mm. by 28p
near the middle; the actual middle as in the case of the larger spi-
cules may show bosses representing the vestigial rays; one end of
the spicule is occasionally rounded, the other end pointed. An
occasional stout hexact is found in the parenchyma; these are prob-
ably autogastralia that have passed into the sponge wall during
maceration. Typically the parenchymalia in these sponges include
no hexacts. In the type Lambe finds the parenchymalia principalia
are stout smooth oxydiacts, 11.06 mm. by 100. Schulze notes the
occurrence of diacts, in general smooth but with roughened ends,
10 mm. long and over. Lambe finds the parenchymalia comitalia
are diacts up to 8.8 mm. by 10u; ends roughened, enlarged and blunt
pointed or rounded and club-shaped. The variety and the type
evidently agree well enough in these matters. Moreover the paren-
chymalia exhibit, in details, too much variation within the same
individual to afford good points for the distinguishing of species.
The spicules regarded as of importance in the classification of these
sponges are the autodermalia, hypodermal pentacts, autogastralia
(there are no hypogastralia, paratangential bundles of parenchymal
diacts alone underlying the autogastralia, Tjima 1897, p. 47), oxyhex-
asters and discoctasters.
Autodermalia.—As said, these have been lost over nearly the whole
surface. Fortunately they are still present in some small areas close
to the cloacal aperture. Both pentact and hexact forms occur. Four-
rayed forms (stauracts) were not observed but they may be normally
present. The rays are roughened (minutely spinose), blunt-pointed,
604 to 70u long. The spicules are similar to those recorded for the
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
type by Lambe (stauracts and pentacts, rays 60» long) and Schulze
(pentacts, rays 80p long).
Hypodermal pentacts—Present as prostalia in large numbers over
parts of the dermal surface, projecting several millimeters. Some
of the surface depressions are, as said, filled with a tangle of these
spicules. Parenchymal ray is smooth, slender and tapering, becom-
ing very slender toward the free end, reaching 6.5 mm. in length.
Paratangential rays about 2.4 mm. long; spines 140» long and
shorter, on superior-lateral surfaces of ray. Some of the pentacts
actually in the substance of the sponge are somewhat smaller than
the prostalia and have spineless paratangential rays. The spicules
do not differ essentially from those of the type. Lambe gives the
proximal (parenchymal) ray as 8 mm. long, paratangential rays
about one-third as long. Schulze records that the prostal pentacts
include those with (typical) spined paratangential rays and others
with these rays smooth; and that the paratangential rays are some-
times bent over toward one side (paratropal).
In the autogastralia the Alaskan sponge differs in a definite detail
from the type, even though the specimens assigned to the type would
seem to fall in two groups in respect to this point and should there-
fore, it would seem, be separated in some fashion in the formal
classification. Thus Lambe (1892, p. 73; pl. 6, fig. 24) records the
autogastralia as oxyhexacts, rays roughened and similar, ray length
only about 60. In Schulze’s specimens these spicules are hexacts
in which the tangential and parenchymal rays are about 120u long
and minutely spinose; the free ray longer than the others, up to
300u long, and more strongly spinose. Schulze (1897, p. 36) does
not speak of this difference between his record and that of Lambe
and the difference may conceivably be due to Lambe’s having ex-
amined a specimen in which the actual autogastralia had been largely
washed away.
In the autogastralia of the Alaskan sponge (fig. 2) the four tan-
gential rays are strong, minutely and sharply spinose, tapering to
points, characteristically about 350. long and 40, thick at the base.
The length of these rays, measuring from center of spicule, ranges
in general from 3815p to 385u. One of the four is occasionally
shorter (250u) than the others and smooth. Smaller spicules (pre-
sumably younger forms) also occur very sparingly; in these the six
are about all alike, the ray length in the actual measurements rang-
ing from 210» to 140u. The tangential rays of the autogastralia in
general are arranged regularly as to make squarish meshes, the side
of the mesh approximately equalling in length a spicule ray. The
parenchymal ray is usually but not always shorter than the tangential
rays of the same spicule, the range in actual measurement being
250p to 880; tapering, pointed, smooth, or feebly spinose. Free ray
ART. 8 A NEW VARIETY OF SPONGE—WILSON AND PENNEY 5
typically (that is, nearly always) smooth, although occasionally it is
feebly spinose, noticeably shorter than any of the other rays, tapering
to a point or sometimes to a rounded point; common range in Jength
175p to 220, but the ray is occasionally as short as 80, or as long as
250u. This ray when exceptionally short does not taper and is
terminally rounded or dilated. Thus the autogastralia differs greatly
from those recorded by Lambe and in less degree, but yet qualita-
tively, from those of Schulze’s specimens.
There are no hypogastralia. And yet in radial sections we have
seen inequiended, diacts, five or six in a section 10 mm. wide,
arranged radially to the gastral surface as the parenchymal rays of
the hypodermal pentacts are arranged radially to the dermal sur-
face. The larger end of the diact is directed toward the gastral
surface and the axial cross is very much nearer this extremity than
it is to the more attenuated parenchymal end, the lengths of the
two rays in a typical spicule being as one to three. These facts give
some ground for regarding the inequiended diacts as vestigial hypo-
gastralia. Hypogastral pentacts are absent in most members of this
family, the Rossellidae (Schulze 1897, p. 13). The inequiended
diacts observed in position were without comitalia; about 2 mm.
long, 45» thick at middle of spicule, tapering toward both ends,
minutely spinose at both ends, which were sharp or rounded. In
macerations longer spicules of the same kind were observed, the
length varying up to 7 mm. At the site of the axial cross there
may or may not be conspicuous bosses.
The owyhewasters, varying to the hexactine shape (the interme-
diate forms being sometimes known as hemioxyhexasters) of the
Alaskan sponge agree well enough with those of the type. For the
latter (Liaambe and Schulze) the diameter is recorded as 60p to 1003
principal rays smooth and very short; terminals 2-3, long, smooth,
or feebly roughened. The spicules of the Alaskan sponge reach
a somewhat larger size, 90u to 144» diameter.
The discoctasters of the Alaskan sponge are like those of the type.
In the latter (Lambe and Schulze) they are set down as having
a diameter 60u to 100n; the (eight) main rays 20” long; terminals
6-10 in number and 20, to 30n long, moderately divergent, the termi-
nal knob (disk?) very small. The diameter of the spicule in the
Alaskan sponge is commonly about 92u. The strikingly small size
and the shape of these spicules are regarded by Schulze (1897, p. 13)
as constituting the most important of the species-characters.
The microdiscohexasters recorded by Schulze were not observed
in the Alaskan sponge. The specimen to be sure was a dried one
and these very small spicules may have been lost. On the other
hand the parenchymal tissue has been so remarkably preserved
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
(mummified) near the gastral surface that individual cells and in-
tercellular connections are still plainly recognizable and the spicules
should be visible, one would think, if actually present. Schulze
(1897, p. 87; 1899, p. 55) observed these spicules both in the Alda-
tross specimens and in preparations made from one of Lambe’s
specimens. He records them as numerous; diameter 20u to 35p;
terminal rays 8-12, longer than the principals, delicate and knobbed.
He notes (1904, p. 35) that these very small and delicate spicules
are rare and difficult to observe in some individuals of many
Rhabdocalyptus species. Tjima (1897, p. 45) thinks they are prob-
ably never absent, although rare in some species. Schulze (1904, p.
36) regards their apparent absence, as in the cases of R. lophodigi-
tatus (plumodigitatus) Kirkpatrick and R. australis Topsent, as
having no significance for classification.
Ijima in his splendid report (arranged for publication by Yai-
chiro Okada) on the Siboga hexactinellida lists (1927, p. 377) the
Inown species of Rhabdocalyptus, 13 in number. The following
brief diagnoses of the species other than R. dawsoné will serve to in-
dicate the persistent lines of past variation within this group.
R. tener F. BE. Schulze (1899, p. 57), coast of California. Auto-
dermalia, pentacts and hexacts. Autogastralia larger than auto-
dermalia, hexacts with free ray longer and more spinose than the
others. Oxyhexasters (varying, as in the other species of the genus,
to the hexactine shape, Ijima 1897, p. 45) with spheroidal central
thickening; terminal rays exceedingly slender. Discoctasters 80p
to 100. diameter; the nodal protuberances, representing the six
primary rays of the primitive hexact, unusually large and con-
spicuous. Microdiscohexasters not observed.
R. nodulosus ¥. BE. Schulze (1899, p. 58), coast of California.
Autodermalia, stauracts and pentacts. Autogastralia, strong oxyhex-
acts, free ray usually longer and more spinose than the others.
Oxyhexasters with spheroidal central thickening. Discoctasters
large, 240 to 300u diameter.
PR. asper F, KE. Schulze (1899, p. 60), coast of California. Autoder-
malia, pentacts and stauracts. Autogastralia, hexacts and pentacts.
Prostal hypodermal pentacts all large; some with tangential rays
that measure as much as 1-2 cm. in length and are smooth or with
only a rough shagreenlike surface. Oxyhexasters 140 to 160» diam-
eter. Discoctasters 150u to 200 diameter.
R. mirabilis ¥. E. Schulze (1899, p. 61), coast of Alaska. Autoder-
malia for the most part small diacts; some pentacts and stauracts.
Autogastralia, oxyhexacts; free ray 500» long and spinose; other
rays 200» long, roughened. Oxyhexasters about 120, diameter.
ART. 8 A NEW VARIETY OF SPONGE
WILSON AND PENNEY 76
Discocasters 160. diameter; protuberances representing the six
primary rays large; terminal disks of secondary rays comparatively
large and usually with six marginal teeth.
R. (Acanthosaccus) tenuis (F. KE. Schulze, 1899, p. 66), coast of
California. Autodermalia, pentacts, stauracts, and diacts. Auto-
gastralia, oxyhexacts; free ray 600 to 8004 long and over, more
strongly spinose than the other rays; latter rays 200 to 300, long.
Oxyhexasters represented only by the (derived) oxyhexact form
150n to 200 diameter. Discoctasters 2004 diameter; main rays
short, sometimes exceedingly short; terminal rays numerous, long
and slender, bearing end disks having 5-6 marginal teeth. (Acantho-
saccus F, KE. Schulze 1899, p. 65, was merged in Rhabdocalyptus by
Tjima 1904, p. 128.)
F. mollis F. E. Schulze (1887, p. 155; Ijima 1897, p. 50; Ijima 1904,
pp. 253-801), Japan. Autodermalia, diacts with a few stauracts and
pentacts. Autogastralia, oxyhexacts, rays all similar. Oxyhexasters
with rays conspicuously barbed proximally. Discoctasters 130 to
176» diameter,
F. capillatus Tima (1897, p. 51; 1904, pp. 276, 302), Japan. Auto-
dermalia predominantly diacts. Autogastralia predominantly hex-
acts, rays all similar or free ray twice as long as the others. Oxyhex-
asters 106 to 186. Discoctasters small, 824 to 106» diameter;
terminals much longer than the main rays, in a solid bunch and
distinctly flaring.
PR. victor Tjima (1897, p. 52; 1904, pp. 238, 301), Japan. Height
may reach almost 3 feet (859 mm.). Autodermalia, stauracts. Auto-
gastralia, oxyhexacts, rays all similar. Oxyhexasters 180 to 280p
diameter; principals very short or obsolete. Discoctasters 180, to
240u diameter.
R. unguiculatus Tjima (1904, pp. 268, 302), Japan. Autodermalia,
diacts with a few stauracts or tauacts (8 rayed forms). Autogas-
tralia, oxyhexacts; free ray much longer than the others, 440 to
5502; parenchymal ray 230, to 300u; tangentials 275p to 330u. Oxy-
hexasters 130 to 160 diameter. Discoctasters 143 to 190% diam-
eter; terminals much longer than main rays; end-disks with margi-
nal teeth which are largest and strongest on side that is turned away
from axis of the tuft of terminals.
R. plumodigittatus Kirkpatrick (1902, p. 220; syn. R. lophodigi-
tatus Kirkpatrick 1901, p. 458), South Africa. Shape, that of a
subglobular cup. Autodermalia and autogastralia, diacts 600» to
1,000.2 long. Oxyhexasters 90u to 100n diameter. Discoctasters of
two forms: large ones, 130» to 160 diameter, main ray bearing 6-8
very much longer terminals; small ones, 60y diameter, with more
divergent terminals. Microdiscohexasters not observed.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 76
R. baculifer ¥. EB. Schulze (1904, p. 34), South Africa. Autoder-
malia, diacts 200% to 600u long. Autogastralia, diacts commonly
longer than the autodermalia. Oxyhexasters 100, to 160, diameter ;
principal rays very short, often vestigial. Discoctasters 160 diam-
eter. Schulze regards this species as very close to the preceding.
He looks on the presence of only one form of discoctaster as the most
important differential.
R. australis Topsent (1901, p. 37; Ijima 1904, p. 237), Antarctic.
Autodermalia predominantly diacts but stauracts and pentacts also
abundant. Autogastralia, hexacts, all rays similar. Paratangential
rays of hypodermal pentacts shagreened (that is, finely tuberculate)
and also with spines. Oxyhexasters 140» to 160 diameter. Discoc-
tasters 180 diameter; terminals few, three rarely four. Microdis-
cohexasters not observed.
R. roepert F, E. Schulze (1887, p. 158), having hypodermal pen-
tacts with spineless paratangential rays, was transferred by Ijima
(1897, p. 55) to Stawrocalyptus Tjima (1897). Likewise 22. dowlingia
L. M. Lambe (1898, p. 37) from British Columbia was transferred to
Staurocalyptus by Tjima (1897, p. 53).
It will be seen from this survey that ten of the thirteen known
species of the genus occur on the two sides of the North Pacific, the
coasts of Alaska, British Columbia, and California on the East, the
coast of Japan on the West. The variety here recorded is the only
form in which the free ray of the autogastral hexact spicule is known
to be smoother and smaller than the other rays, although one would
expect to find in #. asper (see above) spicules of this kind. The op-
posite development, leading to a free ray longer and more spinose
than the others, has occurred in a number of forms (seven). Ina
few forms all six rays are similar. In two the hexacts have degen-
erated to diacts.
REFERENCES
IgtmMA, I.
1897. Revision of Hexactinellids with Discoctasters, with Descriptions of
Five New Species. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, vol. 1, parts
1 and 2. Tokyo.
1898. The Genera and Species of Rossellidae. Annotationes Zoologicae Ja-
ponenses, vol. 2, part 2. Tokyo.
1904. Studies on the Hexactinellida. Contribution IV. Rossellidae. (Im-
portant for the genera.) The Journal of the College of Science,
Imperial University of Tokyo, vol. 18, article 7. Tokyo.
1927. The Hexactinellida of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie,
Monographe VI. Brill, Leiden.
KIRKPATRICK, R.
1901. Description of a new Hexactinellid Sponge from S. Africa. Annals
and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 7. London.
1902. Descriptions of South African Sponges. Marine Investigations in
South Africa. Department of Agriculture. Cape of Good Hope.
Capetown.
ART. 8 A NEW VARIETY OF SPONGE—WILSON AND PENNEY 9
LAmpsBeE, L. M.
1892. On Some Sponges from the Pacific Coast of Canada and Behring Sea.
Transactions Royal Society of Canada for the year 1892. Section
Iv. Ottawa.
1893. Sponges from the Pacific Coast of Canada. Transactions Royal Soci-
ety of Canada for the year 1893. Section IV. Ottawa.
SoHvuLzE, F. E.
1887. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger.
Zoology, vol. 21, Report on the Hexactinellida. Edinburgh.
1897. Revision des Systemes der Asconematiden und Rosselliden. Sitzungs-
berichte der kéniglich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
zu Berlin, vol. 26. y
1899. Amerikanische Hexactinelliden. Fischer, Jena.
1904. Hexactinellida. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-
Expedition, vol. 4, Fischer, Jena.
TOPSENT, E.
1901. Spongiaires. Expédition Antarctique Belge. Résultats du Voyage du
S. Y. Belgica. Anvers.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
PLATE 1
The sponge, from the side; actual height about 510 mm.
PLATE 2
Figure 1. The sponge from above, X about one-third.
2. Gastral membrane showing the autogastralia in place, the tangential
rays of the latter forming a reticulum with, in general, squarish
meshes. Photograph xX 47.
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1930
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FIGURE 2.—MyYCTOPHUM CRENULARE JORDAN AND GILBERT
A very adequate description of I/. crenulare is rendered by Gil-
bert 1915 (p. 313), who first established the identity of the two
above-mentioned nominal species.
M. crenulare differs from all other species of the genus Myctophum
by the presence of only one Pre and by the absence of pores from
all of the lateral line scales except a few of the most anterior ones.
It is further characterized by the strong compression of head and
body, by the slenderness of the caudal peduncle, and by the nearly
rudimentary state of the ventral fins, while the pectorals are well
developed.
The type specimen of Zarletonbeania tenua shows no significant
differences at all from the type of W. crenulare, Gilbert’s opinion
upon the identity of the two has therefore been fully accepted by
the author.
The various body proportions of the species are also very charac-
teristic, and rather different from the usual proportions of the genus
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 76
Myctophum, particularly with regard to the distances from the
snout to the ventral and vertical fins, as will appear from the
following table of measurements:
Measurements of M. crenulare Jordan and Gilbert
[In per cent of the total length without caudal fin]
TTY O hee a ee ee re OR we ee eee Tenua Crenulare
Totalvengthawithout caudal finiin mmess= See sss ee eee eee ee 61 46
irengthrotheads sae ee ot ee ee oe 26 26. 0
Diameter Ol CVC. ee 2 ae GI ee eae eee 8 7. 6
Greatest heighta. (See a eee oe eee eee ete ee 21 24. 0
Length.of lower jaw ss262- 42a eee ee 8 Pe ee 18 18. 5
Heightror caudal peduncle. eos. Uy e oa eee ee 5 5. 5
Snoutrtosl) sree Pale oe AA LOR ER ELT Mer Pe a 51 50. 0
SnouitutonViotee Se tea ec 2 Rt Pee ees ie Ak 39 39. 0
ISTHOUNU UO At ee eee na te aoe as CREE CenySiERO Semen een ceutical amt 56 54. 0
The illustration of the species previously rendered by Goode and
Bean (1895, fig. 105, pl. 28, Tarletonbeania tenua), being rather in-
adequate and misleading in several respects, the accompanying dia-
gram has been prepared from the above recorded specimens.°®
Correctly defined in the previously rendered key.
M. crenulare has been taken only off the Pacific coast of North
America.
MYCTOPHUM IMITATOR Parr, 1928
Myctophum suborbitale GILBERT, 1913 (name preoccupied, see Parr, 1928,
GO):
eee simile TAANING, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen of Myctophum suborbitale
Gilbert, No. 74473, U.S.N.M. Suruga Bay, Japan.
The predorsal length of the type specimen is recorded by Gilbert
1913 as 55 per cent of the total length without caudal fin, but was
found by the author to be only 45 per cent of the said measurement,
the discrepancy probably being due to a misprint in Gilbert’s report.
The length of the head was likewise found to be probably more
nearly 32 per cent of the total length without caudal fin, than 35
per cent as recorded by Gilbert. The distance from snout to ventral
fins equals about 41 per cent of the same measurement.
No illustration of the species having previously been rendered the
accompanying diagram was prepared from the type specimen.
Correctly defined in the previously rendered key.
Known only from the coast of Japan.
° The figure represents a composite diagram, photophores which have become accident:
ally lost on the left side shown of the type of M. crenulare, on which the drawing is
primarily based, have been entered by comparison with the right side and with the type
of Tarletonbeania tenua,
art. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 7
The type of MZ. imitator (suborbitale) is in every respect per-
fectly concordant with the brief preliminary diagnosis of M. simdle
rendered by Taaning, 1928 (p. 56), and, if the identity of the two
should become definitely established by further investigation of the
latter form, Taaning’s name would have priority over the name
of /. imitator.
MYCTOPHUM PTEROTUM Alcock, 1891
Scopelus (Myctophum) pterotus Atcock, 1891.
Myctophum pterotum Fowtsr, 1928; Parr, 1928 (full discussion of earlier
synonymy).
Myctophum gilberti EVERMANN and SEALE 1907.
Material investigated. Type specimen of Mycotophum gilberti
Evermann and Seale, No. 55900, U.S.N.M. Philippine Islands.
The identity of M. gilberti with UM. pterotum Alcock, already sug-
gested by Gilbert, 1913 (p. 81), could only be confirmed by an in-
spection of the type specimen of the former species.
Ficurm® 3.—MYCTOPHUM IMITATOR Park (=M. SUBORBITALE GILBERT)
MYCTOPHUM FIBULATUM Gilbert and Cramer, 1897
Myctophum fibulatum Parr, 1928 (with full discussion of earlier snyonymy,
p. 67).
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 47711, U.S.N.M.
Hawaii.
A fairly accurate illustration of the type of this species has been
rendered with the original description (Gilbert and Cramer, 1897
p. 411, and pl. 38, fig. 27), and the species has been further discussed
in considerable detail by Gilbert 1913 (p. 81, under the heading of
M. pterotum Alcock).
The type specimen differs somewhat from the specimens previously
described and figured by the author (Parr, 1928, p. 67 and fig: 7)
in having the PZO very close to the lateral line, and by having the
last Pre immediately below, not directly in the end of the lateral
™The legend (pl. 38, fig. 1) erroneously refers this figure to Diaphus chrysorhynchus,
which is shown in figure 3 on the same plate and is referred to the above-discussed species.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
line; while in the material obtained by the Bingham Oceanographic
Expedition to the Bahamas, 1927, the PLO is considerably closer to
the base of pectoral fin than to the lateral line, and the last Pre is
always directly in the end of the lateral line. In the author’s opinion
these differences are not sufficiently significant to justify the intro-
duction of an entirely separate species but a subspecific designation of
the Atlantic form seems desirable.
The two PVO are in both forms arranged in an only very slightly
inclined, nearly horizontal series.
Fowler, 1928 (p. 70) still includes M. fibulatum among the syno-
nyms of Jf. pterotum Alcock, without giving any reasons for not
accepting the arguments rendered by Gilbert 1913 (p. 81) for the
distinctness of these two species.
M. fibulatum fibulatum has only been recorded with reliable identi-
fication from Hawaiian waters.
MYCTOPHUM FIBULATUM PROXIMUM, new subspecies
Myctophuwm fibulatum Parr, 1928.
Type specimen, No. 2184 Bingham Oceanographic Collection.
Paratype deposited in the United States National Museum.
Distinct from I/. fibulatum fibulatum by having the PLO nearer
the base of pectoral fin than to the lateral line, and by having the
last Pre directly in the end of the lateral line, as above described.
For illustration and further details see Parr, 1928 (pp. 67-69, and
fig. 7). The anterior PVO is shown in a somewhat too low position
in the figure.
Known only from the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas.
The species M/. fibulatum as a whole has been correctly defined in
the previously rendered key.
MYCTOPHUM ANDREAE Liitken, 1892
Scopelus (Rhinoscopelus) andreae LUTKEN, 1892.
Rhinoscopelus andreae GoovE and BEAN, 1895; JorDAN and EVvERMANN, 1896.
Myctophum coccot andreae BRAvUER, 1904.
Myctophum andreaé Braver, 1906, ZuaMAyer, 1911.
Centrobranchus andreae GILBERT, 1911; Fow rr, 1928.
Centrobranchus gracilicaudus GILBERT, 1905; JoRDAN and JoRDAN, 1922.
Myctophum nigro-ocellatum (part) Parr, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen of Centrobranchus graci-
licaudus Gilbert, No. 51518 U.S.N.M. Hawaii.
The type of Centrobranchus gracilicaudus is in every respect per-
fectly concordant with the description and figure of Myctophwm
ART. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 9
andreae rendered by Liitken, 1892 (p. 245,°) and the author can there-
fore see no reason for maintaining the former as a separate species.
In the previously rendered key to the genus Myctophum (Parr,
1928, p. 62) M. andreae has become identified with M. nigro-ocellatum
Giinther through an unfortunate misinterpretation of a note upon
these two species rendered by Taaning 1928 (p. 55), for which the
author must apologize. M. andreae and M. nigro-ocellatum are easily
differentiable from each other by the characters mentioned in the
following supplementary key.°
I. First (lower) SAO above third VO. AO 4-7+ 8-12 ° M. nigro-
ocellatum Giinther 1889.
II. First (lower) SAO above fourth VO. AO 6+11. M. andreae
Liitken 1892.
The synonymy of M/. nigro-ocellatum should then read :
Scopelus nigro-ocellatus GUNTHER, 1889.
Myctophum nigro-ocellatum TAANING, 1928; Parr, 1928 (part).
Centrebranchus choerocephalus Fow er, 1903 and 1928; GitperT 1905, 1908,
and 1913; JorpDAN and JORDAN, 1928.
Myctophum (Myctophum) coccoi forma regularis BRAvER, 1904.
Myctophum (Myctophum) choerocephalum Braver, 1906.
A good illustration of If. andreae has been rendered by Gilbert
1905 (pl. 69, fig. 2) (“Centrobranchus gracilicaudus”), who also
shows a specimen of M. nigro-ocellatum (“Centrobranchus choero-
cephalus”) on the same plate (fig. 1.).
M. andreae is known from the Indian and Atlantic oceans, and, as
Centrobranchus gracilicaudus, from the Hawaiian waters and from
Japan.
MYCTOPHUM PRISTILEPIS Gilbert and Cramer, 1897
Dasyscopelus pristilepis GILBERT and CRAMER, 1897.
Myctophum pristilepis Parr, 1928 (full synonymy).
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 47737, U.S.N.M.
From Hawaii.
The original description and figure of this species (Gilbert and
Cramer, 1897, p. 412 and pl. 39, fig. 1) has been supplemented by
Gilbert, 1906 (p. 259 and pl. 3), with a very accurate illustration and
a detailed discussion of its characters, to which the author has noth-
ing to add. The species has been correctly defined in the previously
8 Liitken’s figure shows the SAO equally spaced, but this feature probably is due to
inaccuracy in the drawing and is not mentioned in the text. In the type of gracilicaudus
the middle SAO is distinctly nearer to the lower than to the upper organ of the same
series.
®To be used for subdivision of point gg in the previously rendered key (Parr, 1928,
p. 62).
195-74+9-12, according to Gilbert, 1905, p. 594 (“ Centrobranchus gracilicaudus’’) ;
45+ 8-9 according to Taaning, 1928, p. 55.
64440—29-—_2
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
rendered key. Fowler, 1928 (p. 67), combines this species with
M. asperum Richardson, with which it is very closely related.
The type was obtained in Hawaiian waters. The typical form has
later been recorded from near Mauritius (Gilbert, 1906), and an
Atlantic subspecies obtusirostre is mentioned by Taaning (1928).
MYCTOPHUM CALIFORNIENSE Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889
Myctophum californiense JorpAN and EVERMANN, 1896; GILBERT, 1913;
TOWNSEND and NICHOLS, 1925, Parr, 1928.
Myctophum humboldti (part) Brauer, 1906.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 41920, U.S.N.M.
From San Diego, California.
The original description of M. californiense Eigenmann and
Eigenmann (1889, p. 124) has been very adequately supplemented
by Gilbert, 1913 (p. 78), the accompanying diagram of the type
specimen, however, represents the first illustration of the species.
FIGURE 4.—MyYCTOPHUM CALIFORNIENSD EHIGHNMANN AND EIGENMANN
The eyes and the head were found to be slightly larger in the
type than in the specimen recorded by Gilbert, equaling 8.5 and 27
per cent, respectively, of the total without caudal fin, instead of 7.8
and 25 per cent of the same measurement.
Correctly defined in the previously rendered key.'
Type locality: San Diego, California. Subsequently recorded
also from Japan (Gilbert, 1913).
MYCTOPHUM EVERMANNI Gilbert, 1905
Myctophum evermanni BRAvER, 1906; Gi~BERT, 1908 and 1913; Wesemr, 1913,
WEBER and BEAUFORT, 1913; JorDAN and JorDAN, 1922; Fowrrr, 1928;
PARR, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 51521, U.S.N.M.
From Hawaii.
Adequately described and figured by Gilbert, 1905 (p. 597 and pl.
(0, fig. 2).
Correctly defined in the previously rendered key.
4 For “The last 3-4 posterior AO above the base A” (Parr. 1928, p. 64, point Z), read
“The first 3-4 posterior AO above the base A.”
ArT. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 11
Known from the waters around Hawaii, from the Indo-Australian
Archipelago and from Japan.
MYCTOPHUM AFFINE Liitken, 1892
Scopelus affinis LUTKEN, 1892.
Myctophum affine Goopr and Ban, 1895; JorpAN and EVERMANN, 1896;
BRAUER, 1904 and 1906; LonNBERG, 1905; GILBERT, 1908, 1911, 1913, and
1915; ZuGMAYER, 1911; Fow Ler, 1912, not Fow ier, 1928; Weser, 1913;
WEBER and BEAUFORT, 1913; PAPPENHEIM, 1914; JoRDAN and JORDAN,
1922; Fow Ler ard BALL, 1925; TAANING, 1928; Parr, 1928.
Myctophum opalinum GoopE and BEAN, 1895; JORDAN and EVERMANN, 1896,
WaAITE, 1903; Breprer, 1927.
Myctophum nitidulwm GARMAN, 1899.
Rhinoscopelus oceanicus JORDAN and HVERMANN, 1903.
Myctophum margaritatum GILBERT, 1905.
Material investigated. Type specimen of RAinoscopelus oceanicus
Jordan and Evermann, 1902, No. 50622, Hawaii. Type specimen of
Myctophum margaritatum Gilbert, 1905, No. 51536, Hawaii.
An inspection of the above mentioned types can only serve to
verify in every respect the identity of these two nominal species with
the cosmopolitan M. affine Liitken, as already made out by Brauer,
1906 (p. 190) and by Gilbert, 1908 (p. 217) and 1918 (p. 77).
Fowler, 1928 (p. 69), figures a young specimen (of about 30 mm.
length without caudal fin) ,!? and describes another, of 72 mm. length,
referring both to M/. affine. These specimens do, however, neither
seem identical with each other nor can either one of them be iden-
tified with Liitken’s M. affine, unless the description and figure
should be very inaccurate and misleading. The illustration shows
a specimen with prominent snout, 6 PO, 4 VO, SAO in a straight
series, 10+5 AQ, only one single Pre, anal origin under the anterior
part of the base of dorsal fin, the ventrals inserted far in advance of
the origin of dorsal fin, and no lateral line. If these features are
accurately shown in the drawing the specimen certainly must repre-
sent an entirely new species most closely related to the group of J.
coccoi Cocco, M. nigro-ocellatum Ginther and M. andreae Liitken,
but has no relationship at all to M/. affine Liitken. The larger speci-
men is on the other hand described as having a “ very short” snout,
only 6+4 AO, 2 Pre, and a lateral line, That these two specimens
can not be identical if figure and description are both reliable, is
obvious without further discussion. That the larger specimen can
not either be identical with Liitken’s M/. affine is indicated by the
following features. The specimen is described as having “4 pec-
torals”; “2 anterolaterals”; “5 thoracic”; and “ventrals appar-
ently 3.” The fact that there are 5 “thoracics” in addition to the
4 “ nectorals” shows that there must be one photophore more on the
“According to the scale of the illustration, fig. 13, in his Fishes of Oceania.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
anterior part of the body than there is in &. affine (which has 1
PLO+2 PVO+5 PO=8, only, instead of 9). According to the defi-
nition of antero-lateral organs (Goode and Bean, 1895, tentative
arrangement of the genera of Myctophidae, with diagram and ex-
planation of terms, inserted between pages 70 and 71, loc. ctt.), the
presence of two such photophores as described by Fowler would
mean, in modern terms, that the second VO is elevated, a condition
which also automatically explains the statement that there are ap-
parently only 3 “ventrals,’ the second VO being counted as an
antero-lateral. Fowler’s larger specimen, therefore, would probably
belong in division B, II, e, 2, « (p. 60) in the previously rendered key
to the genus Myctophum (Parr, 1928), but does not seem to have
any relationship to If. affine, in which the 4 VO are all situated on
the same level.
MYCTOPHUM REINHARDTI Liitken, 1892
Scopelus reinhardti LUrKEn, 1892.
Myctophum reinhardti Parr, 1928 (with full synonymy).
Myctophum braueri GILBERT, 1905.
Material investigated. Type specimen of Myctophum braueri Gil-
bert, No. 51527 U.S.N.M., from Hawaii.
The identity of M. braueri Gilbert 1905 (p. 598 and Plate 70,
fig. 1%*) with Liitken’s M. reinhardti has already been established
by Gilbert, 1908 (p. 219), and can only be confirmed by the author
after an inspection of the type-specimen of the former nominal
species.
MYCTOPHUM HYGOMI Liitken, 1892
Scopelus hygomi LUTKEN, 1892.
Myctophum hygomi Parr 1928, (with full synonymy).
Myctophum remiger GoopdE and BEAN, 1895.
Material investigated. Type lot of Myctophum remiger Goode and
Bean 1895, No. 48792, 9 specimens from the western Atlantic.
Inspection of the type specimens of /. remiger G. a. B. only serves
to verify the identity of this form with Liitken’s I. hygomé as al-
ready made out by Jordan and Evermann, 1986, page 573.
The sample showed the following compositions of organs in the
anal series, each side being counted separately. 6+7 AO in 4 cases;
7+6 AO in 12 cases; and 7+7 AO in 2 cases (1 specimen). Asym-
oy AO was found in two specimens.
Known from the Mediterranean, the Atlantic, and the Indian
Oceans.
metry of the nature
18 Misnamed M. liitkeni in the legend of the figure (see Gilbert, 1908).
ant. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 13
LAMPANYCTUS WARMINGI Liitken, 1892
Scopelus (Nyctophus) warmingi LUrTKEN, 1892b.
Lampanyctus warmingi Parr, 1928 (with earlier synonymy).
Myctophum townsendi EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, 1889.
Lampanyctus townsendi Parr, 1928 (with earlier synonymy) ; Fow Ler, 1928.
Material investigated. Type lot of Myctophum townsendi Kig-
enmann and Eigenmann, 1889, No. 41921, U.S.N.M., from Cortez
Banks, California.
The largest specimen of the sample of Myctophum townsendi, the
only one which is still legible, is in every respect perfectly concordant
with the Atlantic specimens of LZ. warmingi Liitken (see Taaning,
1928, p. 65, and Parr, 1928, p. 91), both with regard to proportions,
photophores, and luminous scales. The latter are found in the
same, characteristic arrangement as in L. warming? in a single mid-
ventral series between ventral fins and the vent, ending in a symmetri-
cal pair, one on each side of the anal opening, (see also Gilbert, 1913,
p. 99). A group of luminous scales below the throat, now lost in
the type, has also been described by Gilbert (1918, p. 99). There is
a whitish patch above the eye, preserved in a bad condition, only on
one side, which may be an artefact or might possibly represent a lum-
inous tissue, similar to the presumably luminous patches found in
the same position in Z. photothoraw Parr, 1928. This feature is,
however, of a highly questionable nature and taxonomic value, and
the investigated lot shows no adequate reason at all for regarding
L. townsendi as a distinct species from Z. warmingi.
LAMPANYCTUS MARGARITIFER Goode and Bean, 1895
Notoscopelus margaritifer GoopE and BEAN, 1895.
Macrostoma margaritiferum JORDAN and HXVERMANN, 1896.
Myctophum (Lampanyctus) margaritiferum BRAvER, 1906.
Lampanyctus margaritifer Parr, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 43775, U.S.N.M. From
the northwestern Atlantic.
The original figure of this species (Goode and Bean, 1895, fig. 98,
pl. 26) apparently renders a fairly accurate picture of the arrange-
ment of the photophores, being generally correct in as far as it is
now possible to check up on the type-specimen. The only obvious
difference worth mentioning is contributed by the fact that 5 VO
in a straight series are found in the type, while only 4 of these
organs are shown in the figure. The upper PVO has now become
lost on both sides, but is shown above the base of the pectoral fin in
Goode and Bean’s drawing.
Correctly defined in the previously rendered key.
Known only from the Newfoundland Banks.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
LAMPANYCTUS ELONGATUS Costa, 1844
Scopelus elongatus Costa, 1844.
Lampanyctus elongatus Parr, 1928 (with full synonymy).
Notoscopelus brachychir EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, 1889.
Catablemmela brachychir EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, 1891.
Notoscopelus quercinus Goopp and Bran, 1895.
Macrostoma quercinum JorDAN and EvERMANN, 1896.
Myctophum (Lampanyctus) quercinum Brauer, 1906.
Material investigated. Type specimen of Votoscopelus brachychar
Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, No. 76336, U.S.N.M. From Cor-
tez Banks, California. Type specimen of Motoscopelus quercimus
Goode and Bean, 1895, No. 43789, U.S.N.M. From the Newfound-
land Banks.
Only a few of the photophores can still be made out with cer-
tainty on either of the two above mentioned type specimens, which
are in a rather bad condition. There is, however, nothing to refute
the view already previously held by the author that Notoscopelus
brachychir and quercinus are both perfectly identical with Lam-
panyctus elongatus Costa, as already made out by Jordan and Ever-
mann, 1896 (p. 556) in the case of the former of the two nominal
species.
LAMPANYCTUS CASTANEUS Goode and Bean, 1895
Notoscopelus castaneus GoopE and BEAN, 1895.
Macrostoma castaneum JorpDAN and EvERMANN, 1896.
Myctophum (Lampanyctus) castaneus Braurr, 1906.
Lampanyctus castaneus Parr, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 31706, U.S.N.M. From
the northwestern Atlantic.
The condition of the type specimen makes it quite impossible to
observe any details of specific significance, practically all of the
photophores having now become lost. Nothing can therefore be
added to the unfortunately rather inadequate original description,
and the accuracy of the details shown in the only illustration of this
species (Goode and Bean 1895, fig. 95, pl. 25) can not be determined.
LAMPANYCTUS GUNTHERI Goode and Bean, 1895
Lampanyctus giintheri GoopE and Bran, 1895; JorpAN and EvERMANN, 1896;
WAITE, 1910 (?) ; Parr, 1928.
Myctophum (Lampanyctus) giintheri BRAUER, 1906; PAPPENHEIM, 1914.
Lampanyctus melanothoraxr, PARR, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 43777, U.S.N.M. New-
foundland Banks.
It appears from an inspection of the above type specimen that the
lateral line scales of L. gtintheri are very much enlarged indeed,
particularly on the posterior part of the body, where their broad
posterior (free) margins extend over approximately three-fourths,
art. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 15
or more, of the entire height of the caudal peduncle. The fact that
the said species was referred by Goode and Bean, 1895, to the genus
Lampanyctus, in the restricted sense in which this generic designa-
tion was employed by the said authors to embrace only the species
which combined among other characters the feature of having the
scales of the lateral line “scarcely larger than the others,” is there-
fore inexplicable,“ and has caused the author previously to redescribe
the species under the name of Z. melanothorax. The specimens re-
ported by Waite, 1910, as having the lateral line scales only scarcely
enlarged may possibly pertain to another species, if a similar mis-
leading use of these descriptive terms has not also been made by
Waite.
The type specimen of Z. giintheri is in all other respects quite con-
cordant with the material of Z. melanothoraw Parr previously re-
ported upon (see Parr, 1928, p. 99), as will appear from a comparison
of the accompanying diagram of the former with the figure and de-
Ficgurp 5.—TYPHh SPECIMEN OF LAMPANYCTUS GUNTHERI GOODE AND BBHAN.
SuPRA- AND INFRA-CAUDAL LUMINOUS SCALES LOST
scription of the latter (oc. cit.). Most of the luminous scales, the
second and third Prec, and possibly the sixth postero-anal organ have
become lost, however, in the type of L. giinther2, but there is no reason
to assume that these organs, when present, would have differed from
those of the nominal LZ. melanothoraz.
The species has been recorded from Atlantic and Australian waters.
L. gaussi Brauer 1906, which has been identified with L. giuntheri
by Taaning 1928, differs according to Brauer’s description in having
6 VO and a luminous scale at the base of ventral fin, while only 5 VO
and no luminous scale in the said position are found in L. giintheri.
LAMPANYCTUS MEXICANUS Gilbert, 1891
Myctophum mexicanum GILBERT, 1891.
Nannobrachium mexicamumm JORDAN and EVERMANN, 1896.
Myctophum (Lampanyctus) mexicanum BRAUER, 1906.
Lampanyctus mexicanus Parr, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 76343, U.S.N.M. From
the Gulf of California.
14 The original illustration of the species (Goode and Bean, 1895, fig. 90, pl. 24) is also
entirely misleading in this respect,
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
PLO at the lateral line. First PVO well below and anterior to the
second PVO. 5 PO, the fourth elevated approximately to the level
of the upper PVO. Interspace between first and second PO enlarged.
VLO very low, its distance from the base of ventral fin only about
one-third of its distance from the lateral line. 4 VO, the second VO
elevated to the level of the VZO. SAO broadly angulate. First SAO
above the interspace between third and fourth VO, somewhat nearer
to the vertical from the former. Second SAO above and behind
fourth VO and slightly higher than first SAO. Third SAO at the
lateral line, somewhat behind the vertical from second SAO. The
continuation of the line through second and third SAO passes well
behind the last VO. Only 4 widely spaced antero-anal organs, with
the interspaces gradually decreasing caudalwards. None of the an-
tero-anal organs elevated. 2 Pol, the upper at the lateral line, well
behind the vertical from the lower Pol, which is situated well behind
and somewhat higher than the last antero-anal organ. The anterior
FIGURE 6.—LAMPANYCTUS MEXICANUS GILBERT
organs of the postero-anal series have unfortunately now become lost
in the type specimen, but four organs are found on each side on the
posterior part of the caudal peduncle in a continuous, horizontal
series along the ventral outline of the tail, ending at the bases of the
lower caudal rays. These four organs evidently must comprise the
posterior postero-anals and the anterior (lower) praecaudals and
their arrangement indicates these two series to be perfectly confluent.
The ultimate Pre is situated close to, but very distinctly above the
end of the lateral line. No intermediate organ was found between
this upper praecaudal and the above described posterior organ of
the ventral series (see figure), but there is a possibility that such
organs may originally have been present and have subsequently
become lost in the type specimen. This possibility is, however, not
confirmed by the original description, according to which there were
“six pairs of spots along the under side of tail, and three along base
of lower caudal lobe ” (Gilbert, 1891, p. 52), when the specimen was
** The pectoral fins have practically completely disappeared in this species and their
bases can therefore scarcely serve as orientation points for describing the positions of the
photophores.
arr. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 17
still in a comparatively fresh state of preservation. In modern terms
the above quoted description should therefore probably read: Six
postero-anals. The three anterior (or lower) Pre situated along the
base of lower caudal lobe.'® With further details as above described.
The obscure terminology of the original description has caused the
species to be recorded as having 6+6 AO (Brauer, 1906, p. 167) or
6+5 AO (Parr, 1928, p. 84), the actual numbers being 4+6 (%)
AO+4 Pre, as above made out. Otherwise correctly defined in the
previously rendered key.
6-7 infracaudal and 3 supracaudal luminous scales, not elevated on
procurrent caudal spines.
The type specimen shows the following proportions in per cent of
the total length without caudal fin (44 mm.). Length of head 30.
Diameter of eye 6.8. Length of lower jaw 23. Greatest height 18.
Distance from snout to dorsal fin 50. Distance from snout to ventral
fins 42. Distance from snout to anal fin 60.
FigurRn 7.—LAMPANYCTUS MICROCHIR GILBERT
The advanced position of the ventrals relative to the dorsal fin, the
low position of the VZO, the low number of photophores in the
antero-anal series and the comparatively few scales are the dis-
tinguishing features of the species.
LAMPANYCTUS MICROCHIR Gilbert, 1913
Lampanyctus microchir GiLBerr, 1913; Parr, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 74468, U.S.N.M.
Suruga Bay, Japan.
A fully adequate and very accurate description of this species has
already been rendered by Gilbert, 1913 (p. 101), but no illustration
has so far been published. The accompanying diagram has therefore
been prepared from the type specimen.
Correctly defined in the previously rendered key.
Known only from the type specimen.
16 The praecaudals being arbitrarily counted as four when they are confluent with the
postero-anals (see Parr, 1928, p. 77).
64440—29-—_3
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
LAMPANYCTUS NANNOCHIR Gilbert, 1891
Myctophum mannochir GILBERT, 1891 (part).
Nannobrachium nannochir (part), JoRDAN and EvERMANN, 1896; GILBERT,
1895.
Lampanyctus nannochir GILBERT, 1913, PARR, 1928.
? MyctOophum (Lampanyctus) leucopsarum BRAuER, 1906.
Material investigated. Type lot No. 44291, U.S.N.M."" 8 speci-
mens from off the coast of the State of Washington.
In spite of the various, quite extensive discussions of its taxonomic
status rendered by Gilbert (1895, p. 899; 1918, p. 100, and 1915, p.
315, under Z. leucopsarus), subsequent to its original description
(Gilbert, 1891, p. 51), Z. nannochir has up to the present date re-
mained a very obscurely and unsatisfactorily defined species. After
an inspection of the type sample deposited in the United States
National Museum the author is able, however, to verify the specific
distinctness of Gilbert’s species from the closely related L. leucop-
sarus Eigenmann and Eigenmann™ as well as from all other forms
included in the genus Lampanyctus. The following description of
the type sample, of which only one specimen is sufficiently well pre-
served to show the arrangement and numbers of the photophores,
may serve for future identification.
17 A second type specimen (Noy 1459 of the Leland Stanford Junior University Museum,
from the same haul as the type-sample in the U.S.N.M.) has also been assigned to the
species in a later publication by Gilbert (1895, p. 400), wherein a more restricted defini-
tion of L. nannochir is rendered. It is obvious, however, that the specimens of L. leucop-
sarus, with which species L. nannochir was at first confounded, must have become weeded
out of the type sample of the latter species, probably by Gilbert himself, subsequent to
the publishing of the original description, as no such specimens are found in the sample
to-day.
18The author has had opportunity to examine the type of LD. leucopsarus EKigenmann
and Higenmann in the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, Cambridge. This specimen differs
from the above-discussed type of L. nannochir in having the upper SAO and Pol only
about the length of one of their own diameters, or even considerably less (Pol), removed
from the lateral line; by the presence of 4 Pre in an equally curved series, well separated
from the postero-anal organs; and by the presence of 5 VO, the second being elevated
and advanced to a position nearly vertically above the first VO. No traces of a VLO
are found in the type of ZL. leucopsarus, and there seems to be no indication of such
organ ever having been present on the specimen. A comparison with the type of L. nan-
nochir might further suggest the possibility that the so-called VLO of the latter specimen
should actually be homologous with the second VO of the type of L. leucopsarus, this
organ having in the former species merely become further elevated and advanced to a
position slightly anterior to the vertical from the first VO. On the basis of this assump-
tion both species might be defined as having lost their VZO. ‘The type of L. nannochir
must otherwise be defined as distinct from the type of L. lewcopsarus in having only 4 VO
as compared to the unquestionable 5 VO of the latter, in direct contradiction of the com-
parative tabulation of the features of these two species given by Gilbert, 1895 (p. 399).
Other differences in proportions, ete., claimed by the said author could not be verified on
the type specimens, which, on the contrary, seem quite concordant in all measurements.
A thorough revision of the various collections referred to each of the respective species
is highly desirable to clear the confusion existing in all previous descriptions. The types
of both species agree in the practically rectilinear arrangement of the SAO, the lower
one of which is situated entirely behind the vertical of the last VO; and also in having
the Pre well separated from the postero-anal series.
art. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 19
Total length without caudal fin 97 mim."® Proportions in per cent
of the total length without caudal fin: Length of head 28. Diameter
of eye 6.6. Length of lower jaw 22. Greatest height 19. Distance
from snout to dorsal fin 46. Distance from snout to ventrals 40.5.
Distance from snout to anal fin 56.
Origin of anal fin below the end of the anterior three-fifths of the
base of dorsal fin. The general appearance of the species will be
sufficiently evident from the accompanying diagram.
PLO nearer to the lateral line than to the base of pectoral fin.
Upper PVO vertically above lower PVO. 5 PO, the fourth elevated
to approximately midway between the levels of the upper and the
lower PVO. The interspace between first and second PO enlarged.
VLO * approximately midway between the lateral line and the base
of ventral fin, or lower, only slightly in advance of the vertical from
FicurRp 8.—LAMPANYCTUS NANNOCHIR GILBERT
the anterior VO. 4 VO with gradually decreasing intervals, the
first interval being the widest. 3 SAO in a very slightly curved,
nearly straight, series, with the lower organ well behind and only
slightly higher than the fourth VO. This lower SAO probably
represents the fifth VO of earlier descriptions. Second SAO only
slightly nearer to the lower than to the upper SAO. Upper SAO
about 3 of its own diameters below the lateral line canal. 7+7 AO
(determined by comparison, between the different specimens in the
type-sample). Pol posterior to the vertical from the last antero-anal
organ and about 3 of its own diameters below the lateral line canal.
The postero-anal series begins at a considerable distance (about equal
to two normal photophore-intervals or even more) behind the end of
the base of anal fin. 38 Prc, well separated from the postero-anal
organs and apparently arranged in a nearly straight or only very
19The measured specimen, on which the following description and figure are mainly
based, carried the tin tags of the sample and probably represents the holotype of the
species. Only the numbers and accurate arrangement of the posterior ventral series
(AO and Pre) were determined by comparison with the other specimens,
20 See footnote 18 on the preceding page.
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
slightly curved series, with the upper organ somewhat below the
end of the lateral line.
The luminous scales are difficult to make out, but it is obvious that
the infracaudal scales have occupied considerably more than one-
third of the length of the caudal peduncle, as claimed by Gilbert
1895, probably more nearly two-thirds of the same. The supra-
caudal series, however, has scarcely been more than half the length
of the infracaudal series, thus conforming with Gilbert’s statement.
The various published records of the species are of highly ques-
tionable taxonomic validity.
LAMPANYCTUS MACDONALDI Goode and Bean, 1895
Nannobrachium macdonaldi Goopr and BEAN, 1895; JorDAN and EvER-
MANN, 1896.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 389478, U.S.N.M.
Northwestern Atlantic.
The above type specimen, is in most respects quite concordant with
the redescription of Giinther’s Z. niger” rendered by Brauer, 1906
(p. 242), and differs from the three new species Z. ater, L. lineatus
and L. cuprarius introduced by Taaning, 1928 in having the VZO
inserted far below the lateral line. Brauer describes the VZO as
being situated “ein wenig ” (a little, somewhat), below the lateral
line in the specimens examined by him, and his figure (1906, fig. 159),
shows its distance from the lateral line as only about one-third of
its distance from the base of ventral fin. In the type of Z. mac-
donaldi the ratio between these two distances equals about 2:3. In
L. macdonaldi the PLO is also inserted approximately midway be-
tween the lateral line and the base of pectoral fin, and the two PVO
are situated nearly vertically above each other; while in Brauer’s
description and figure of Z. niger the PLO is close to the lateral line
and the PVO are arranged in a very oblique series with the upper
organ well in advance of the lower. For these reasons the author
has felt justified in reestablishing Z. macdonaldi Goode and Bean as
a separate species, and the following brief synopsis may serve for
its identification, as a supplement to point 22 (p. 87), in the previ-
ously rendered key (Parr, 1928).
v. VLO a little or far below the lateral line.
n. /LO near the lateral line. PVO in an oblique series, with the upper
photophore well in advance of the lower. VZO much nearer to lateral
line than to base of ventral fin,
L. niger (Giinther) Brauer, 1906.
7 The L. niger recorded by Gilbert, 1905 (p. 591) and 1913 (p. 100), obviously is
identical with the L. ater described by Taaning, 1928, having the VZO immediately below
the lateral line and the first SAO above the interspace between second and third VO:
but on the other hand is not concordant with the redescription of L. niger rendered by
Brauer, 1906 (p. 242) [see Parr, 1928, pp. 87 and 104]. Fowler, 1928 (p. 68), merely
refers to Gilbert’s descriptions.
art. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 21
n*. PLO about midway between lateral line and the base of pectoral fin.
PVO in an approximately vertical series. VZO only moderately
closer to the lateral line than to the base of ventral fin, the ratio
between the two distances being only about 2:3.
L. macdonaldi Good and Bean, 1895.
v’. VLO immediately below the lateral line.
L. ater Taaning, 1928.
L. cuprarius Taaning, 1928.
L, lineatus Taaning, 1928.
The inadequacy of the original figure and description (Goode and
Bean, 1895, fig. 110, pl. 29, and p. 94), makes it desirable to refigure
and redescribe LZ. macdonaldi in full detail.
Total length of type specimen exclusive of caudal fin 104 mm.
Proportions in per cent of the total length without caudal fin:
Length of head 29. Diameter of eyes 5.8. Length of lower jaw
23. Greatest height 17. Height of caudal peduncle 10.5. Distance
from snout to dorsal fin 46. Distance from snout to ventrals 43.
Distance from snout to anal fin 58.
Fiegur® 9.—LAMPANYCTUS MACDONALDI GOODE AND BEAN. THE NUMBER OF SEPARATH
INFRA- AND SUPRA-CAUDAL LUMINOUS SCALES CAN NOT BH CLEARLY MADE OUT IN
THE TYPE SPECIMEN
Snout short. Praeopercular margin strongly inclined. Ventrals
somewhat in advance of the origin of dorsal fin. Origin of anal
fin under the end of the anterior three-fourths of the base of dorsal
fin. The comparatively great height of the caudal peduncle is con-
spicuous. Pectorals rudimentary.
PLO about midway between lateral line and base of P. PVO
nearly vertically arranged. 5 PO, the fourth elevated to midway
between the levels of lower and upper PVO. VLO about two-
thirds as distant from the lateral line as from the base of ventral
fin. 4 VO, all on the same level. 3 SAO, broadly angulate. First
SAO above the interspace between second and third VO. Second
SAO only very slightly higher, well behind the vertical from the
last VO. Upper SAO close to the lateral line, on a line with the
second SAO which passes well behind the fourth VO. 7 antero-
anal organs, equally spaced in a gently convex curve, none ele-
99 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
vated. 2 Pol, the upper close to the lateral line and well behind
the vertical from the lower Pol, which is again well behind, but
not so very much higher than, the last antero-anal organ (see fig-
ure). 7 postero-anals, entirely behind the base of anal fin and con-
fluent with the praecaudals, which have been counted as four. Ullti-
mate Pre immediately below the end of the lateral line, vertically
above or even very slightly in advance of the penultimate Pre.
Interspace between ultimate and penultimate Pre greatly increased.
Supracaudal luminuos plates occupy only about one-third of the
distance between adipose and caudal fins, while the infracaudal
plates extend through almost the entire length of the caudal pedun-
cle. The numbers of the luminous scales can not be counted.
But for the type specimen there is no reliable record of the species.
LAMPANYCTUS OMOSTIGMA Gilbert, 1908
Lampanyctus amostigma GiLBeERT, 1908; JoRDAN and JoRDAN, 1922; Parr,
1928, Fowtrr, 1928(?).
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 75769, U.S.N.M.
From the Marquesas Island.
Lampanyctus omostigma has been very adequately and accurately
described and figured by Gilbert, 1908 (p. 232 and pl. 5).
Correctly defined in the previously rendered key.
LAMPANYCTUS REINHARDTI Jordan, 1922
Nyctimaster reinhardti JorpAN, 1922; JorDAN and JorDAN, 1922.
Lampanyctus omostigma (part 7), Fowler, 1928.
Material investigated. Type lot No. 84095, U.S.N.M. (2 specimens
from the coast of Hawaii).
This purely nominal species is entirely without taxonomic value,
being quite unidentifiable either from the types or from the original
description, on account of the dried out condition of the specimens
on which it has been based, and the consequent inadequacy of its di-
agnosis. It may be taken for granted from their general appear-
ance that the type specimens represent some species of the genus
Lampanyctus, but nothing is known or perceptible of the numbers
and arrangement of their photophores.
Fowler, 1928 (p. 69), provisionally identifies Z. reinhardti with
L. omostigma. This view on the taxonomic status of the former
nominal species is quite probably correct, but can neither be proved
nor disproved on the basis of the above discussed type specimens;
and, as the same will also hold good of any other theory that might
be advanced, the author has deemed it advisable not to accept or
attempt any identification at all.
ART. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 23
LAMPANYCTUS PUNCTATISSIMUS Gilbert, 1913
L. punctatissimus GILBERT, 1913; Parr, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 74469, U.S.N.M.
Suruga Bay, Japan.
Adequately and accurately described by Gilbert, 1913, p. 103, but
not formerly illustrated. The accompanying diagram has therefore
been prepared from the type specimen.
VLO, upper SAO, Pol and Pre immediately below the lateral
line.??
Correctly defined in the previously rendered key.
Known only from Japan.
Ficurn 10.—LAMPANYCTUS PUNCTATISSIMUS GILBERT. ONLY A SMALL SELECTION
OF THE MINUTE ACCESSORY PHOTOPHORES HAVE BEEN DRAWN TO SHOW THEIR
RHLATIVE PROPORTIONS
LAMPANYCTUS STILBIUS Gilbert, 1913
Lampanyctus stilbius GILBERT, 1913; Parr, 1928; FowLer, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen. No. 757768, U.S.N.M.
Marquesas Island.
Very accurately and adequately described and figured by Gilbert
1908 (p. 235 and pl. 6).
Correctly defined in the previously rendered key.
Recorded only from the type locality.
LAMPANYCTUS RITTERI Gilbert, 1915
Lampanyctus ritteri GILBERT, 1915; Parr, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 75807, U.S.N.M.
Monterey Bay, California.
Adequately described and figured by Gilbert, 1915 (p. 318 and fig,
3, pl. 15). The presence of a very minute photophore on the shoul-
der, mentioned by Gilbert, as a small humeral spot, in addition te a
similar small photophore above the posterior corner of the mouth
identifies this species with division ¢ (p. 88), instead of division d
22“ Near the lateral line but not in contact with it.”
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
(p. 89), in the previously rendered key. These spots are, however,
both so minute that they will probably not be recognizable in small
or even moderate sized specimens, the type specimen being very
large, 120 mm. without caudal fin. This particularly holds good of
the photophore on the shoulder. The species will therefore prob-
ably more often be looked for in the said division d, in which it has
previously been placed, or even in division @ (loc. cit., p. 83). In
division ¢, LZ. rittert will be easily recognizable by the low position of
its VZO, which is only about midway between the lateral line and
the base of ventral fin, while it is situated immediately below the lat-
eral line in the three other species of the same division (L. punctatis-
simus, L. jordani, and L. stilbius). In division, a, the species will
seem very close to LZ. macdonaldi, as described on the preceding
pages, being differentiable, however, by the higher position of its
PLO, which is much closer to the lateral line than to the base of
pectoral fin, instead of midway between as in ZL. macdonaldi, and
Ficurp 11.—LAMPANYCTUS RNGALIS GILBERT
also by the slightly lower position of its VZO. The differentiation
of L. ritteri in division d has been treated in the previously rendered
key.
Known only from the coast of California.
LAMPANYCTUS REGALIS Gilbert, 1892
Myctophum regale GILBERT, 1892.
Nannobrachium regale JorpAN and EVERMANN, 1896.
Myctophum (Lampanyctus) regale BRAvuER, 1906.
Lampanyctus regalis GILBERT, 1915; Parr, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 44289, U.S.N.M. Coast
of California.
The original diagnosis (Gilbert, 1892, p. 7) has been supplemented
by a detailed, and in general very accurate description rendered by
Gilbert, 1915 (p. 816), but no illustration has been previously
published.
As in the case of L. ritteri, the “somewhat larger luminous body
. on lower posterior portion of cheeks” is so minute that there
is a considerable probability of its being unrecognizable in small
art. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 25
specimens. 5 VO were found to be present instead of only 4 as de-
scribed by Gilbert.?*
Correctly defined in the previously rendered key.
Recorded only from the coast of California.
LAMPANYCTUS ALATUS Goode and Bean
Lampanyctus alatus GoopE and BEAN, 1895; JorRDAN and EVERMANN, 1896.
(Not Taaning, 1918,% and Breder, 1927.”)
Myctophun (Lampanyctus) alatum Braver, 1906; ZuGMAYER, 1911; BARNARD,
1925.
Lampanyctus pseudoalatus TAANING, 1928, Parr, 1928.
Material investigated. Type sample No. 43769, U.S.N.M. Two
specimens from the Gulf of Mexico.
An inspection of the above two type specimens reveals the identity
of Lampanyctus alatus Goode and Bean with L. pseudoalatus Taan-
ing, 1928, by the presence of a luminous scale (or a pair of luminous
scales) in the adipose dorsal fin as well as by the comparatively high
fin counts already previously recorded by Goode and Bean (1895,
p. 79). [D 18, A 17-18, as compared with D 11-13, A 14-15 in L.
pusillus Johnson (according to Taaning, 1928, p. 66).] The VLO’s
have, on the other hand, become completely lost in both specimens,
and the organ indicated in Goode and Bean’s figure (loc. cit., fig. 92,
pl. 24) in what might be an approximately normal position for a
VLO, evidently gives a somewhat misplaced representation of the
elevated fourth PO, which is well preserved in the specimens, but
otherwise not shown in the illustration. This error in the original
drawing certainly has given ample justification for the introduction
of Taaning’s new species L. pseudoalatus, which, however, must now
be included among the synonyms of Z. alatus Goode and Bean, as
above made out. The existing confusion in the literature makes a
complete redescription and a new figure of the species desirable.
Measurements of type sample of Lampanyctus alatus Goode and Bean, 1895
No. 43769 U.S.N.M.
[In per cent of the total length without caudal fin}
Total lenethawithout caudal’ fin'im mime: — =-22-22~ 8 ee 47 44
Wenethnotihecadie 2a S50 2 se eee ah se 28 27
Diametersoe yes Lares oe 2 Pe eee ae aeee = 6. 5 6. 8
Wenge of dower JAW) i\oge2 . s2oeue) es Pua. gaIn2e3 21 22
Greatestrhetghteie vet 22 - be felon beehwe ae eee SE ik ee a ee 17 le
Height of Caudal péduncle-'s*! 62202 Nese se Lee aloe le 8.5 9
MOM COU ee a oie cee a eg a ae 47 47
RS TNO UU AIO eye re ee ee ce Te ect eah LE eee ee 42 41
STO UCR CO MA eee eA AX MRRR Ls AAAI Nd ea ene _N 57 58
2'The author is indebted to Messrs. B. A. Bean and E. D. Reid, of the division of fishes,
United States National Museum, for kindly verifying the correctness of this observation.
*4T,. pusillus Johnson, according to later identification by Taaning (1928, p. 66).
2 Lampanyctus warmingit Liitken, Myctophum macrochir Giinther, and Myctophum
imitator (Parr) [=M. suborbitale Gilbert].
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
Pectoral fins long, reaching to or beyond the origin of anal
fin.
Minute luminous organs scattered over the head and body. A
moderate, but conspicuous, photophore in the middle of each cheek.
PLO close to the lateral line. 2 PVO in a slightly oblique series, the
upper a little anterior to the lower. 5 PO, the fourth elevated ap-
proximately to the level of the lower end of the base of pectoral fin.
VZO lost in the types, close to the lateral line according to Brauer
1906 and Taaning 1928. 4 VQ, all on the same level. SAO angulate.
Anterior SAO above the interspace between second and third VO,
slightly but distinctly higher than second SAO. Second SAO well
behind vertical from the last VO, which is situated entirely in ad-
vance of the line through second and third SAO. Upper (third)
SAO at the lateral line. Second SAO approximately equidistant
from third SAO and fourth VO. AO %+6, none elevated. The
° RIQuQuonG
aI
/
S”
FIGURE 12.—LAMPANYCTUS ALATUS GOODH AND BEAN. ONLY A FEW OF THE MINUTE
ACCESSORY PHOTOPHORES HAVH BEDN DRAWN TO SHOW THEIR RELATIVE PROPOR-
TIONS
postero-anal series begins well behind the base of anal and is
posteriorly confluent with the 4 Pre, which are differentiable, how-
ever, by their smaller size and the shorter intervals between the
first and second and between the second and third organs. Inter-
space between third and. fourth Pre greatly increased. Fourth Pre
immediately below the lateral line, somewhat in advance of the
vertical from the third Pre. 2 Pol, in a straight, oblique series with
the last antero-anal photophore, and with the upper organ imme-
diately below the lateral line, well behind the vertical from the
lower.
Four supra- and four infra-caudal luminous scales, the latter occu-
pying a somewhat greater portion (about two-fifths) of the length
of the free caudal peduncle than do the former. A luminous scale,
or pair of scales in the adipose fin.
The species has been recorded from the Atlantic and Indian
oceans.
ART. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR pig
LAMPANYCTUS CROCODILUS Risso, 1810
Gastropelecus crocodilus Risso, 1810.
Lampanyctus crocodilus Parr, 1928 (with earlier synonymy).
Lampanyctus gemmifer GoodE and BEAN, 1895; JorpAN and HvERMANN, 1896.
(Not Braver, 1906; ZuamMayer, 1911; PAPPENHEIM, 1914; TAANING,
1928; and Parr, 1928.)
Material investigated. Type specimen of Lampanyctus gemmifer,
Goode and Bean, No. 35604, U.S. N. M. Western Atlantic.
An inspection of the above type specimen reveals the perfect
identity of Goode and Bean’s species with the ZL. crocodilus already
described by Risso in 1910, as clearly shown on the accompanying
diagram. Three photophores are found on each cheek, in the ar-
rangement typical of Z. erocodilus and a luminous scale is present
in the adipose fin.
Further discussion of the characters of the specimen is unneces-
sary with the very adequate descriptions of LZ. crocodilus already
FIGURE 13.—LAMPANYCTUS CROCODILUS RISSO, DRAWN FROM THD TYPE SPECIMEN OF
LAMPANYCTUS GEMMIFER GOODH AND BEAN
available in the literature (Brauer, Holt and Byrne, Taaning;
see synonymy in Parr, 1928, p. 90).
With ZL. gemmifer thus eliminated as a separate species, however,
it now becomes necessary to designate a new name for the truly dis-
tinct taxonomic form currently identified with Goode and Bean’s
nominal species.
LAMPANYCTUS TAANINGI, new species
Myctophum (Lampanyctus) gemmifer Brauer, 1906; ZuaMAyeEr, 1911;
PAPPENHEIM, 1914.
Lampanyctus gemmifer TAANING, 1928; PARR, 1928.
Specimen No. 2301, of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection,
“ Pawnee” Station 25, 1927, Exuma Sound, Bahamas, has been des-
ignated as the type. A paratype from the same haul has been de-
posited in the United States National Museum.
The species is easily distinguished from the above L. crocodilus
Risso by the absence of luminous scales in the adipose fin and by the
presence of only two photophores on each cheek.
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
As a very adequate and generally accurate figure and description
of the species has already previously been rendered by Brauer 1906
(p. 246), we can here confine ourselves to a few notes on minor
differences observed in the above recorded type and paratype.
The upper organ on the cheeks is in both specimens slightly, but
distinctly nearer to the posterior margin of the orbit than to the
praeopercular margin. The posterior margin of the lower Pol
barely touches the line through the centers of the upper Pol and
the last AO anterior, these three organs thus not forming an en-
tirely straight series, but only nearly so. The type specimen has
6+7 AO, well separated from the four Pre. In the paratype 6+8
AO are found, the AO posteriores being confluent with the 4 Pre.
The latter organs are, however, also in this case readily distinguish-
able from the AO posteriores by their slightly smaller size and closer
arrangement. Third Pre only very slightly, barely noticeably, below
the line from the second to the fourth Pre. Interspace between third
and fourth Pre increased. The above recorded numbers of AO
differ from those given by Brauer on account of the fact that only
the two most posterior Prec as here understood were counted as
praecaudals by the said author.
Recorded only from the Atlantic.
Named in honor of A. Vedel Taaning in recognition of his valu-
able contributions to our knowledge of the biology and taxonomy
of the Myctophinae.
DIAPHUS UROLAMPUS Gilbert and Cramer, 1897
Myctophum (Diaphus) urolampus Braurgr, 1906.
Diaphus urolampus JORDAN and JORDAN, 1922; Parr, 1928.
Material investigated. Type a i No. 47709, U.S.N.M.
(3 specimens).
An inspection of the type-specimens did not serve to confirm the
statement rendered by Gilbert (1908, p. 227, under discussion of
D. agassizi), that the upper antorbitals are “apparently no longer
functional,” but on the contrary revealed the organs in question
as being, at least macroscopically, apparently perfectly equivalent
with the presumably functional upper antorbitals of such species as
D. dumerili Bleeker, D. hypolucens Parr and others. Each of the
upper antorbitals in D. wrolampus has a small, but very distinct body
of whitish, supposedly luminous tissue imbedded in densely pig-
mented black tissues. There are no lower antorbitals, and no supra-
or suborbital organs. The species thus properly belongs in divi-
sion IT A 1 in the key previously rendered by the author (Parr, 1928,
art. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 29
p. 115), together with D. agassizi Gilbert 1908,”* but not in a separate
Division I.
D. urolampus is distinct from D. dumerili Bleeker, in which
species it was tentatively included by Weber and Beaufort, 1913,**
in the absence of a suborbital organ, in the elevation of the first AO
anterior and in having the VZO situated close to the lateral line,
not at a considerable distance below it. The latter feature also dis-
tinguishes D. urolampus from D. agassizi Gilbert, with which species
it is otherwise very closely related. These differences have been
further made out in the following supplementary key to the species
of the genus Diaphus, which have only one small antorbital organ on
each side, entirely above the nostril (Division II A in the previ-
ously rendered key, Parr 1928, p. 115).
I. Upper SAO and Pol close to or in contact with the lateral line.
A. VLO in contact with or very close to the lateral line. First AO anterior
elevated.
D. urolampus Gilbert and Cramer.
B. VLO well below the lateral line.
D. dumerili Bleeker.
D. agassizi Gilbert.
(See Parr 1928, p. 115.)
II. Upper SAO and Pol well below the lateral line.
D. gemellari Cocco.
D, dofleini Zugmayer.
D. nipponensis Gilbert.
(See Parr 1928, pp. 115-116.)
Measurements of Diaphus Urolampus Gilbert and Cramer, 1897. Type specimens
No. 47709 U.S.N.M.
[In per cent of total length without caudal fin]
Total length without caudal fin in mm-___--__--__-_---------------- 90 79 75
MeenpbhworNeaG 2 8.2 [22s ao eS Se 29 29 30
iSrontesimiel ge. Wt os ee ee See Les 20 19 20
lienotit of lowot haw 5°55. 5S wee pecs te es e'2* 22 22 23
WitsncteMOueve cei. oo so oe Sate eo 7. 8 8. 2 8. 0
Distance snout tons oe. See eee ee 42 41 42
Digtancessnot LO7 Verses eS a ee ea 43 42 44
WigtanceisSHolostOr Ac ues. heer eee ee 2 eee 64 | 63 65
Upper antorbital very small, but distinct and normally developed.
No lower antorbital, no supra or suborbital organs. PZO much
closer to the lateral line than to the base of pectoral fin. PVO in
a straight series with the anterior PO. Fourth PO elevated to some-
2D. dumerili Bleeker, 1856, has for practical purposes been included both in this
division and in Division IV, where it properly belongs, as the suborbital organ, though
always present, is often difficult to make out on account of its minuteness.
27 This view has been accepted by Fowler, 1928 (p. 68).
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 76
what above the level of the upper PVO.28 VJZO in contact with the
lateral line. 5 VO. 38 SAO, the lower slightly in advance of the
fifth VO and of the line through second and third SAO. Second
SAO much closer to the lower SAO than to the upper, which is in
contact with the lateral line. First AO anterior sharply elevated,
last AO anterior also very conspicuously above the level of the rest
of the series) AO 7+6. 4 Pre, the last organ slightly below the
end of the lateral line.
The original illustration (Gilbert and Cramer, 1897, pl. 38, fig. 1)
being inadequate for showing the accurate arrangement of the photo-
phores, the accompanying diagram (fig. 14) was prepared from the
type specimen.
Two specimens have a very conspicuous median dorsal luminous
area on the caudal peduncle, occupying the greater part of the dis-
tance between the caudal and the adipose dorsal fin.
Known only from Hawaiian waters.
=
C lo - ie oh ee
OD
fe}
FicurRB 14.—DIAPHUS UROLAMPUS GILBERT AND CRAMER
DIAPHUS AGASSIZI Gilbert, 1908
Diaphus agassizii GmtperRT, 1908 and 1913; Parr, 1928; Fow er, 1928.
Myctophum (Diaphus) lacerta (part) ? Brauer, 1906.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 75764, U.S.N.M. From
the Marquesas Islands.
The original description and figure (Gilbert, 1908, p. 226 and pl.
2), together with the remarks upon some of its features subsequently
added by the same author (Gilbert, 1918, p. 85) give a very adequate
and accurate conception of the characters of this species, making fur-
ther comment unnecessary.
The species is distinct from D. dwmerili Bleeker by the absence of
a suborbital organ and by the elevation of the first AO anterior, and
from D. urolampus Gilbert and Cramer by having the VZO situated
only “ very slightly nearer lateral line than base of ventrals.”
Properly defined in the previously rendered key (Parr, 1928,
Division IT A 1, p. 115).
Known from the Marquesas Islands and from Japan.
* This character can not be considered very reliable except in perfect specimens.
ART. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR or
DIAPHUS DUMERILI Bleeker, 1856
Scopelus dumerili BLEEKER, 1856.
Lampanyctus lacerta Goopp and Bran, 1895.
Diaphus nocturnus (Poey) GILBERT, 1906.
Diaphus dumerili Parr, 1928 (with earlier synonymy) ; Fow er, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen of Lampanyctus lacerta
Goode and Bean, 1895, No. 48778.
An inspection of the type specimen of Goode and Bean’s Lam-
panyctus lacerta can only serve to confirm in every detail its perfect
identity with the species now designated as Diaphus dumerili
Bleeker according to Weber and Beaufort, 1913. (See Parr 1928, p.
126.)
D. dumerili differs from PD. agassizi Gilbert and D. uwrolampus
Gilbert and Cramer in the possession of a minute suborbital organ,
which is always present, but sometimes difficult to make out. VD.
dumerili has its VZO situated approximately midway between the
FIGURE 15.—DIAPHUS NIPPONENSIS GILBERT
lateral line and the base of ventral fin or, more frequently, some-
what above this point.*®
The species has been very adequately described and figured by
Gilbert, 1906 (p. 255 and pl. 1) under the name of “Diaphus noc-
turnus Poey,” and has been further discussed in various details by
Weber and Beaufort, 1913, and by Parr, 1928.
Recorded from the Atlantic and from East-Indian waters.
Taaning, 1928 (p. 58) designates the Atlantic material of D.
dumerili as D. dwmerili nocturnus, without discussing the differences
by which this subspecies can be distinguished from the East Indian
form.
DIAPHUS NIPPONENSIS Gilbert, 1913
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 74467, U.S.N.M.
This species has been adequately described by Gilbert, 1913 (p. 86),
and correctly defined in the previously rendered key.
2 This feature is not always quite reliable for the differentiation of groups 1 and 2,
Division II A in the key previously given by the author (Parr, 1928, p. 115) and the
main significance should therefore in this case be attached to the positions of the upper
SAO and the Pol as described in the same key.
one. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 76
A diagram of the type specimen is rendered in the accompanying |
Figure 15, the species not having been previously illustrated.
Known only from Japan.
DIAPHUS GLANDULIFER Gilbert, 1913
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 74472, U.S.N.M.
Accurately and adequately described and figured by Gilbert, 1918
(p. 90 and pl. 11, fig. 2). Correctly defined in the previously
rendered key.
Known only from Japan.
DIAPHUS RAFINESQUEI Cocco, 1838
Nyctophus rafinesquei Cocco, 1888.
Diaphus rafinesquei Parr, 1928 (with full synonymy).
Diaphus theta EIGENMANN and HIGENMANN, 1891; GoopE and BEAN, 1895;
JORDAN and HVERMANN, 1896; Braue, 1906.
Myctophum protoculus GILBERT, 1891.
Diaphus nanus GicBert, 1908 and 1913.
Material investigated. Type lot of Diaphus theta Eigenmann
and Eigenmann, 1891, No. 41914, U.S.N.M. (2 specimens). Type
specimen of Myctophum protoculus Gilbert, 1891, No. 44290,
U.S.N.M. Type specimen of Diaphus nanus Gilbert, 1908, No.
75765, U.S.N.M.
The claim of D. theta Eigenmann and Eigenmann to specific dis-
tinctness from PD. rafinesqwei Cocco has heretofore been mainly or
entirely based upon the alleged smaller size of the eyes in the type
of the former nominal species. An examination of the type speci-
mens, however, served to show that no such difference seems to exist,
the eyes of D. theta being quite as large as those of the normal
D. rafinesquei, with a diameter equalling more than one-third of
the length of the head or 10 to 12 per cent of the total length without
caudal fin. D. theta is therefore herewith included among the
synonyms of D. rafinesque?.
The identity of Myctophum protoculus Gilbert with D. theta
Eigenmann and Eigenmann has already been realized by the author
of the former species (footnote by Gilbert in Jordan and Evermann
1896, p. 564), and could only be further confirmed by an inspection
of the type.
The lack of taxonomic differences between the descriptions of
Diaphus nanus rendered by Gilbert, 1908 and 1918, and the current
descriptions of D. rafinesquei Cocco has already previously prompted
the author to include the former name among the synonyms of the
latter species (see Parr, 1928, pp. 131 and 135). This opinion
stands unaltered after examination of the type specimen of D. nanus.
art. 10 - NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 33
Although the three above-considered types have thus all been
included in the older species )). rafinesquet Cocco, 1838, it is never-
theless desirable to give a more detailed account of the investigated
specimens for the purpose of deciding their possible racial relation-
ships and the taxonomic priority of their names, in case it should
prove possible to subdivide the species, as here understood, into sta-
tistical groups of subordinate rank along the lines of taxonomic
differentiation followed by Taaning, 1918 and 1928, by the intro-
duction of his two new species, D. holti and D. mollis. The type
specimens considered in the present paper, however, only seem to
give further confirmation of the opinion already expressed by the
author (Parr, 1928, pp. 1381-185) that such subdivision can only be
applied to comparatively restricted geographic regions, for the
purpose of defining ecological races, but does not enable us to make
taxonomic differentiations of general validity and therefore can not
serve as a basis for the definition of separate species.
Table of measurements
[In per cent of total length without caudal fin]
BDECITNONBIN 0: te hei oe ee ee ee 44280 41914 75765
EIN O10 tae r eee er mea See 2 ee LD PM eee M. protoculus D. theta D. nanus
Total length without caudal fin in mm_-________________._- 61 45 30 13
engthror meade —. evel ee a ee ee se 28 27 632 33
Digmeterporeye: ws. See Sees. ae 9 1OMelZ 12
Monvrnvotlower jaw 55... 2. Sooo Sue 20 21 23 20
Mengthor maxillary wo - =" 2. = 222252 -. 2. 19 21 23 19
Tearespsnelphte cok. 222. kek es ok en 21 22 23 23
SNOUtatO seat wes 8 8 ee ee 46 74 50 50
STOUU NCO MV eter tn te the ET Oe 44 44 45 46
SETI E AH) Be OR eo eg es oa een ee Me ea 66 65 65 62
The arrangement of the photophores in the three types is shown
in the accompanying diagram.
In D. “theta” the upper SAO and the Pol are much nearer to the
lateral line than to the ventral series of photophores, while the VZO
is considerably closer to the base of ventral fin than to the lateral
line, and the PZO is situated about or slightly below midway between
the latter and the upper end of the base of pectoral fin. The SAO
are placed in an approximately straight and nearly equally spaced
series, and the first anterior AO is not elevated. AO 5+6. Pre well
separated from the posterior AQ. According to the definitions first
given by Taaning (1918) D. “theta” should thus agree with D. holts
Taaning in the positions of the anterior AO and of the VLO, differ-
ing from PD. rafinesquei Cocco in both of these respects.
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
According to the later synopsis by the same author (Taaning,
1928), however, we find the type of D. “theta” differing very con-
spicuously from 7). holti by the higher positions of the Pol and the
upper SAO in the former. It further differs from Taaning’s new
species D, mollis (Taaning, 1928) by having the SAO in a nearly
straight series, and should thus, according to the above-mentioned
41914 U.S.N.M.
Jordan and Starks, 1904, makes a new key to this group of the
genus Diaphus desirable.
I. Supraorbital organ short, triangular, entirely in advance of the vertical from
the center of the eye. Upper antorbital moderate or rather large.
A. PLO much nearer to the lateral line than to the base of pectoral fin.
Head comparatively large, its length equaling 29-31 per cent of the total
length without caudal fin. Diameter of eyes 8.1-8.7 per cent of the same
measurement, or about 3.4-3.6 in the length of the head. Upper SAO and
Pol close below the lateral line. AO 6+5-6.
D. chrysorhynchus Gilbert and Cramer, 1897.
B. PLO much nearer to the base of pectoral fin than to the lateral line.
Head smaller, its length only equal to about 26 per cent of the total
length without caudal fin. Diameter of eyes about 6.5 per cent of the
same measurement, or about 4 in the length of the head. Upper SAO and
Pol more than 2 diameters below the lateral line. AO 7+5.
D. watasei Jordan and Starks, 1904.
II. Supraorbital long and slender, extending to or beyond the vertical from the
center of the eye, “in the form of a narrow streak.” Upper antorbital
small.
A. PLO only very slightly below midway between the lateral line and the
base of pectoral fin, its distance above the latter equaling about % of its
distance below the former. Eyes about 3.84 in head.
D. anteorbitalis Gilbert, 1913.
B. PLO nearly twice as far from the lateral line as from the base of pectoral
fin, the ratio between the two distances being as 16:9. Hye about 424-5
in head.
D. adenomus Gilbert, 1905.
DIAPHUS CHRYSORHYNCHUS Gilbert and Cramer, 1897
Diaphus chrysorhynchus JoRDAN and JorDAN, 1922, Parr, 1928, Fow er, 1928.
Myctophum (Diaphus) chrysorhynchus Braver, 1906.
Material investigated. Type sample No. 47710, U.S.N.M. (6
specimens). ;
The original definition and figure of this species (Gilbert and
Cramer, 1897, p. 409 and pl. 38, fig. 3)*° being in many respects inade-
quate for proper identification, it has been deemed advisable to
render a full description and diagrammatic illustrations of the
essential features observed on the type material.
% See Parr, 1928, p. 120, key to the genus Diaphus, division 9.
8% This species has in the previously rendered key (Parr, 1928, p. 122) been identified
with D. coeruleus Klunzinger, according to the precedent set by Gilbert, 1913.
88 In Gilbert and Cramer’s report the figures 2 and 3 on plate 38 and the corresponding
references in the text have, by misprint, become exchanged for each other, figure 2 actually
representing Myctophum fibulatum and figure 3 Diaphus chrysorhynchus, while the
legends and references have these species in the opposite arrangement on the plate.
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
Measurements of Diaphus chrysorhynchus Gilbert and Cramer
[In per cent of the total length without caudal fin]
Motallengthiwithouticaudalstinvintmms = 222o2 ane eee ee ee ee 80 75 63
engin or Meat ness see. ee ee ee eee 29 31 30.
Grentest heig int Hse 2. tae Pe ae REI EL SOLE 21 21 21
Lengthvofiawer jaws oat) 24) asc. Sate fe eset ahs 3 21 21 21
Diaiietersor Cyen se ie se eh ee ee 8.1 8.7 elf
SNOW GOMID= eee mer es on Sot abs elie eh Oy ae 41 43 42
FSTECOL TAP Ou /: aga i SRE AA AL A a el ea Alp 61 65 63
HOME TO Vee a ae Le ee ek FIN ce eta 41 44 42
The description of the supraorbital organ as “a triangular or
heart-shaped portion of it (the “anteorbital gland”) at the antero-
dorsal angle of the orbit” has proved inadequate for conveying to
subsequent investigators the proper conception of the morphological
status of the organ in question. This supraorbital organ is quite
distinctly, although narrowly, separated from the upper antorbital
by a dividing ridge running obliquely upwards and mesad in a trans-
verse plane at the anterior end of the snout. The subraorbital thus
occupies a shallow, more superior and lateral concavity of its own,
while the concavity of the upper antorbital is en-
tirely transverse and forwardly directed (compare
the figs. 17 and 18). There is apparently no con-
tinuity between the luminous tissues of the upper
antorbital and the supraorbital organs in any of the
specimens, the very conspicuous dividing ridge ap-
pearing as a narrow, lack lustrous, black line be-
Ficure 17.—-Fron. tween the highly lustrous, silvery tissues of the or-
TAL view or THE gans themselves. These features of the circumor-
HEAD OF DIAPHUS 5 .
curysoruyncuus Dital organs in D. chrysorhynchus are strongly af-
se eee AND firmative of the opinion already previously ex-
RAMER, SHOWING
rue Aantorsiran pressed by the author that the so-called upper
oneang ._-antorbital of such forms as D. effulgens Goode
and Bean, 1895, is not homologous with the upper
antorbital organs of the other Myctophinae, but rather with the
constricted supraorbital portion of the upper antorbital in D. meto-
poclampus, which is again undoubtedly homologous with the supra-
orbital of D. chrysorhynchus. A comparison between the accom-
panying diagram (fig. 16) and the illustration of the circumor-
bital organs in PD. effulgens already previously rendered (Parr, 1928,
fig. 30, no. 6, p. 140) makes this relationship quite obvious. The
author therefore no longer feels any hesitation in regarding the
circumorbital organs of Division IX in the key to the genus Diaphus
(Parr, 1928, p. 120) as developed through the differentiation of a
ART. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 39
separate supraorbital organ followed by a complete fusion of the
upper and lower antorbitals on each side. Division IX then differs
from the group treated in the key on page 37 (Division VI, Parr,
1928) by this latter feature, while the upper and lower antorbitals
in the latter group, now under consideration, always remain distinct
from each other.
The upper antorbitals of D. chrysorhynchus are quite large and
only narrowly separated from each other as shown in the figure 17.
The lower antorbital has a long, narrow, posterior ventral extension
along the lower margin of the eye, ending approximately at the
vertical from the center of the pupil or even beyond this point.
PLO conspicuously nearer to the lateral line than to the base of
pectoral fin. PVO in a straight series with the anterior PO. Fourth
PO elevated approximately to the level of the upper PVO. VLO
about midway between the lateral line and the base of ventral fin.
FIGURE 18.—DIAPHUS CHRYSORHYNCHUS GILBERT AND CRAMBR
5 VO. SAO in a very steeply inclined, straight line, the continua-
tion of which falls well behind the last VO. Interspace between
first (lower) and second SAQ much smaller than that between the
second and the third (upper) SAO. 6+5 AO were counted in 11
cases, 6+6 AO in one case, each side being counted separately.
First anterior AO elevated to a level about midway between that of
the lower and that of the middle SAQ. Last anterior AO also ele-
vated. Upper SAO and Pol close to the lateral line. First posterior
AO behind the base of anal fin. 4 Pre, equally spaced and curved,
widely separated from the posterior AO and with the upper organ
well below the end of the lateral line.
Known only from Hawaiian waters.
DIAPHUS WATASEI Jordan and Starks, 1904
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 514438, U.S.N.M.
This species was identified by Gilbert, 1918 (p. 95) with D. coeru-
leus Klunzinger 1871 and his example was followed by the present
author in the previously rendered key to the genus Diaphus (Parr,
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 76
1928, p. 122). An inspection of the type specimen, however, tends to
make this identity seem rather problematical on account of the fact
that a well developed supraorbital organ, quite distinct from the
moderate upper antorbital, apparently is to be found in the original
D. watasei. A slight damage of the type specimen has made it im-
possible to make out the nature or presence of the upper organs of
the circumorbital series on the left side of the head, but conditions
on the right side ** do, in the author’s opinion, scarcely leave room
for any doubt as to the existence of a distinct supraorbital organ,
similar to the corresponding organ in /). chrysorhynchus in shape,
nature, and position; but considerably smaller. Such supraorbital
organs have not been described for DP. coeruleus, and D. watasei
must therefore, at least tentatively, be regarded as taxonomically
distinct from the former species, although agreeing very closely in
most other respects.
mi
9° °
0 99
Figure 19.—DIAPHUS WATASEI JORDAN AND STARKS
The original illustration (Jordan and Starks, 1904, p. 581) being
inadequate for showing the exact arrangement of the photophores
and circumorbital organs, the accompanying diagram has been pre-
pared from the type specimen.
PLO much nearer to the base of pectoral fin than to the lateral
line. 5 PO. Fourth PO elevated approximately to the level of the
upper PVO. VZO approximately midway between the lateral line
and the base of ventral fin. 5 VO. SAO nearly equally spaced in a
steeply inclined, straight line, the continuation of which passes well
behind the last VO. AO7+5. First anterior AO elevated to about
midway between the levels of the first (lower) and second SAO.
The posterior part of the antero-anal series is also gradually ele-
vated toward the Pol with which the series is practically continuous.
This elevation is noticeable from the fifth to the seventh antero-anal
organs, inclusive (fig. 19). Upper SAO and Pol more than two of
their own diameters removed from the lateral line. First postero-
87 The organs in question are shown on the left side of the specimen in the accompanying
diagram, fig. 18, to make the drawing harmonize with the other illustrations for the
present report.
ART. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR Al
anal organ well behind the base of anal fin. 4 Pre, equally spaced
in an even curve, well separated from the posterior AO and with the
upper organ well below the end of the lateral line.
Total length without caudal fin 108 mm. Proportions in per cent
of the total length without caudal fin: Length of head, 26. Diameter
of eye, 6.5. Length of lower jaw, 19.5. Greatest height, 19.5. Dis-
tance from snout to dorsal fin, 42. Distance from snout to ventral
fins, 44. Distance from snout to anal fin, 64.
The VLO of D. coeruleus is described as being closer to the bases
of the ventral fins than to the lateral line, not about midway be-
tween as in the type of D. watasez, but with the possible exception of
the arrangement of the photophores in the posterior part of the
antero-anal series, this seems to be the only difference of any signifi-
cance whatever which would appear to verify the taxonomic distinct-
ness of the two species, above suggested as a possibility on the basis of
the described observations on the circumorbital organs of D. watasez.
The type specimen of D. wataset was obtained in Sagami Bay,
Japan.
DIAPHUS ANTEORBITALIS Gilbert, 1913
Diaphus anteorbitalis Parr, 1928.
Lamprossa anteorbitalis JonDAN and Husss, 1925.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 74471, U.S.N.M.
This species has been very adequately and accurately described and
figured by Gilbert, 1913 (p. 92 and pl. 12, fig. 1), and has been cor-
rectly defined in the previously rendered key.
The distance from the upper end of the base of pectoral fin to the
PLO was found to be 3.5 mm., the distance from PLO to the lateral
line canal being only 4 mm.
The type specimen apparently is a spent, the sex therefore being
indeterminable without microsections.
Known only from Japan.
DIAPHUS ADENOMUS Gilbert, 1905
Diaphus adenomus JORDAN and JorDAN, 1922; Parr, 1928; Fowxer, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 51533, U.S.N.M.
The author can not agree in the statement made by Gilbert, 1913,
p. 92 (under discussion of D. anteorbitalis) that “in D. adenomus,
both the superior preorbital and the extension between eye and nostril
are lacking.” An inspection of the type specimen on the contrary
reveals the presence of a small, but quite distinct upper antorbital
organ, which seems perfectly similar to the corresponding organ in
D. anteorbitalis. The author was altogether quite incapable of dis-
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
covering any differences between the type specimens of these two
species with regard to their circumorbital organs.
D. adenomus has otherwise been quite accurately and adequately
described and figured by Gilbert, 1905 (p. 592 and pl. 68, fig. 1),
and correctly defined in the previously rendered key.
The distance from the upper end of the base of pectoral fin in
the PLO was found to be 4.5 mm., the distance from PLO to the
lateral line canal being 8 mm.
The type specimen is a female.
The statement rendered by Fowler, 1928 (p. 68), that this species
“possibly not distinct from D. coeruleus (Klunzinger)” would
equally well apply also to the rest of the four species mentioned in
the key on page 37, if the presence or absence of a supraorbital
organ should prove insignificant as a taxonomic character, or if such
organ should appear to be present also in the true D. coeruleus. The
former possibility seems rather remote, however, and the latter
possibility is not indicated in either of the descriptions of D. coeruleus
given by Klunzinger, 1871, and by Brauer, 1906.
It must on the other hand also be admitted that none of the four
species would be satisfactorily differentiable from each other or from
D. coeruleus on the basis of the photophores of the body alone, and
the differences in proportions would also seem comparatively insig-
nificant if not supplemented by differences in other respects.
D. adenomus is known only from Hawaiian waters.
DIAPHUS EFFULGENS Goode and Bean, 1895
Aethoprora effulgens GoopB and BRAN, 1895.
Diaphus effulgens Parr, 1928 (with full synonymy).
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 48770, U.S.N.M.
The original description of this species (Goode and Bean, 1985,
p. 87) being in several aspects quite inadequate with regard to the
distribution of the photophores, it has been deemed advisable to
render a full account of the arrangement of these organs in the type
specimen and a diagram has been prepared for convenience in
interpreting the description.
The upper and lower antorbitals on each side have become fused
to form a pair of very large luminous organs,** occupying practically
33 See p. 88. To avoid confusion by the use of the key to the species the fused upper
and lower antorbitals were in the previous treatise on these fishes designated simply as
lower antorbitals, in accordance with the precedent set by Brauer, 1906, and generally
followed in the later literature, although the author was already at that time strongly
inclined to doubt the correctness of the homologization implied by the use of such termi-
nology. (See Parr, 1928, p. 140.) The supraorbital organs were correspondingly desig-
nated as upper antorbitals. According to the new terminology, herewith introduced, the
definition of Division IX (Parr, 1928, p. 120) should read: A small supraorbital organ on
each side. Upper and lower antorbitals completely fused. ‘The latter character then
distinguishes this division from the division treated on p. 37 in the present report.
ART. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 43
the entire snout anterior to the eyes and meeting each other at the
median ethmoidal crest, as shown in the previously rendered diagram
of the frontal view of this species. (Parr, 1928, fig. 30, 6, p. 140.)
There is a small supraorbital organ between the upper posterior
part of the fused antorbitals and the anterodorsal margin of the
eye, in close contact with but quite distinct from the former organ.
PLO nearer to the base of pectoral fin than to the lateral line. ‘The
two PVO in a straight series with the anterior PO. Fourth PO ele:
vated approximately to the level of the upper PVO. VLO about
midway between the lateral line and the base of ventral fin. Prob-
ably 5 VO, but the fourth is missing in the type specimen. Second
and third VO elevated in a straight series with the first VO. 3
SAO in a very steep, practically straight line, the continuation of
which passes well behind the last VO. Interspace between lower
and middle SAO much smaller than that between the middle and
upper organs. The anteroanals are arranged in an equally curved,
Figure 20.—DIAPHUS EFFULGENS GOODE AND BEAN
semicircular series which can be continued anteriorly to include the
upper SAO and posteriorly to the Pol. 6 anteroanal organs are
found in the type, but a somewhat increased interspace between the
fourth and the fifth indicate the probability of another organ having
been present in the undamaged specimen. Pol and upper SAO well
below the lateral line (about two-thirds of their own diameters re-
moved from the latter), their distances from the nearest AO ant.
considerably larger than the interspaces between the anteroanal or-
gans themselves. 5 posteroanals in a straight series beginning en-
tirely behind the base of anal fin. 4 Prec, equally spaced and curved,
with the upper organ well below the end of the lateral line.
Total length without caudal fin 118 mm. Proportions in per cent
of the total length without caudal fin: Length of head 31. Diameter
of eye 10.6. Length of lower jaw 19. Greatest height 23. Greatest
vertical height of the snout anterior to the eyes 12. Distance from
snout to ventral fin 47. Distance from snout to dorsal fin 43. Dis-
tance from snout to anal fin 65.
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 76
The great height and very characteristic outline of the steep, even
slightly prominent snout has not been clearly shown in the original
illustration of this species. (Goode and Bean, 1895, fig. 103, pl. 27.)
Type specimen from stomach of cod taken on Brown’s bank in the
Gulf of Maine.
Correctly defined in the previously rendered key.
DIAPHUS LUCIDUS Goode and Bean, 1895
Aethoprora lucida Goope and BEAN, 1895.
Diaphus lucidus Parr, 1928 (with full snyonymy).
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 44084, U.S.N.M.
There is nothing to add to the discussion of this species already
previously rendered by the author. (Parr, 1928, p. 141.)
Recorded only from tropical east American waters.
Ficurn 21.—DIAPHUS TANAKAE GILBERT
DIAPHUS TANAKAE Gilbert, 1913
Diaphus tanakae Parr, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 74470, U.S.N.M.
An inspection of the type specimen brings out the fact that the
antorbital organs, particularly the upper antorbitals, are propor-
tionately so much larger in D. tanakae than in D. problematicus
Parr (1928, p. 148) that the author feels satisfied that there can be
no reason for maintaining any doubt about the distinctness of these
two species. The upper antorbitals of ). tanakae are very large,
extending mesad to a comparatively short distance from the median
ethmoidal crest, each occupying about two-thirds or three-fourths of
the distance between the latter and the anterior external margin of
the orbit. The lower antorbitals extend to the level of the lower mar-
gins of the eyes.
Gilbert’s description is in all other respects perfectly adequate and
accurate, and the species has been properly defined in the previously
rendered key.
No illustration of D. tanakae has heretofore been published.
Known only from Japan.
ART. 10 NOTES ON MYCTOPHINE FISHES—PARR 45
DIAPHUS SIGNATUS Gilbert, 1908
Diaphus signatus Parr, 1928, Fow er, 1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 75767, U.S.N.M.
Diaphus signatus has been adequately and accurately described and
figured by Gilbert, 1908. (P. 228 and pl. 3.) Correctly defined in
the previously rendered key.
Marquesas Islands.
LAMPADENA SPECULIGERA Goode and Bean, 1895
Lampadena speculigera JORDAN and HVERMANN, 1896; Braver, 1906; Parr,
1928.
Material investigated. Type specimen No. 43797, U.S.N.M.
The present condition of the type specimen unfortunately makes it
quite impossible to determine any details of taxonomic significance,
most of the photophores having become completely lost.
North Atlantic.
LIST OF ARTICLES REFERRED TO IN THE PRECEDING NOTES
For a full bibliography see Parr, 1928, pp. 180-193.
Awcock, A. W.
1891. On the deep-sea fishes collected by the “ Investigator” in 1890-91.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 8, 1891.
BARNARD, K. H.
1925. A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa, pt. 1. Ann. South
African Mus., vol. 21, 1925.
BLEEKER, P.:
1856. Beschrijving van nieuwe of wenig bekende vischsoorten van Menado
en Makassar. Act. Soc. Sci. Indo.-Neerl., vol. 1, 1856.
BRAUER, A. :
1904. Die Gattung Myctophum, Zool. Anz., vol. 28, 1904.
1906. Die Tiefsee-Fische, I, Systematischer Teil. Wiss. Ergebnisse, Deut-
schen Tiefsee-Exp. ‘ Valdivia,” vol. 15, Lief. 1. Jena, 1906.
BREDER, C. M.:
"1927. Fishes, Sci. Res. First Oceanogr. Exp. “ Pawnee,” 1925. Bull. Bingham
Oceanogr. Coll., vol. I, art. 1, 1927.
Cocco, A.:
1888. Su di aleuni Salmonidi del mare di Messina. Nuovi. Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bologna, vol. 2, 1888.
Costa, O. G.:
1840. Pesci della fauna napolitana con illustratione di specie nuove, vol. I.
Napoli, 1840.
EIGENMANN, C. H. and EIGENMANN, R. S.:
1889. Notes from the San Diego Biological Laboratory. The fishes of
Cortez Banks. West Amer. Scientist, vol. 6, no. 48. San Diego,
1889.
1891. Additions to the fauna of San Diego. Proc., Calif., Acad. Sci., ser.
2, vol. 3, pt. 1. San Francisco, 1891.
EXVERMANN, B. W. and SmALE, A.:
1907. Fishes of the Philippine Islands, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, Dept. Comm.
Labor, Washington, vol. 26, 1906 (1907).
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 76
Fow er, H. W.:
1903. Description of a new lantern fish. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia,
vol. 55, 1903.
1928. The fishes of Oceania. Memoirs, Bishop Museum. Honolulu, Hawaii,
1928.
GARMAN, S.:
1899. The Fishes. Rep. Expl. U. 8S. Fish Comm. St. ‘“ Albatross,” 1891.
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., Harvard Coll., Cambridge, Mass., 1899.
GILBERT, C. H.:
1891. Preliminary report on the fishes collected by the steamer ‘ Alba-
tross”’ on the Pacific coast of North America during the year
1889, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1890 (1891).
1892. Deseriptions of thirty-four new species of fishes collected in 1888
and 1889, principally among the Santa Barbara Islands and in
Gulf of California. Sci. Res. Expl. steamer ‘“ Albatross.” no.
XXII. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891. Washington, 1892.
1895. The ichthyological collections of the steamer “ Albatross” during the
years 1890 and 1891. Rept. U. S. Fish Comm., 18938. Washington,
1895.
1905. The deep-sea fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. The aquatic resources
of the Hawaiian Islands, pt. 2, sec. 1. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm.,
vol. 23, 1908. Washington, 1905.
1906. Certain Scopelids in the collection of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., Harvard Coll., Cambridge, Mass.,
vol. 46, no. 14, 1906.
1908. The lantern fishes. Rept. Sci. Res. Exp. Trop. Pacific ‘“ Albatross,”
1899-1900, X. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., Harvard Coll., Cambridge,
Mass., vol. 26, no. 6, 1908.
1911. Notes on lantern fishes from southern seas, collected by J. T. Nichols
in 1906. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 30, art. 2, 1911.
1918. The lantern-fishes of Japan. Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 6, no. 2, 1913.
1915. Fishes collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer ‘“ Albatross” in 1904,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 48, 1915.
GILBERT, C. H., and CRAMER, F.:
1897. Report on the fishes dredged in deep water near the Hawaiian
Islands, with descriptions and figures of twenty-three new species.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, 1897.
GoopE, G. B., and Bran, T. H.:
1895b. Oceanic ichthyology. Partaes ET, Config ear ah OG
Ohv19 GA Mt
nie Ne Taiors ri sition eit abcd Mua wh inv
et A iat ack, mid hh; Ob parece i ioe @otl riloait
_ ds fy it bree Any, any
oe Rarhs'ity Bytes: all “fest jens ti netia aii t ae: se tie et
ee) EL EIS ehyptnfal abe Dek Rag rs ae Raa oe
a pei A tay eit) IA AGHAY, 4h yt arc: Mein! Rig ti ee
7 ’
ey
her pi orl) aaron? ing apt “atlonndig al aly iAH in ae, ‘ys
“ath hey Dea Aity ae pet
ith audi fapantt spline eee. sfibiklaigoDA” axa
WH i Bf OL PONE ph, “ep * ake re ae
Lib Lk menos ofan. tit
lee mendivde aig Np
» RST eit “f of §
eri Salt a a haste} ae pet 1 dies
; a0
baw. alas hi totva Ga Yohiinveat’ itt So pen wot:
a ie a fit halal. ag ts Htnt 3 rte A ee eS ets
HAG We ARyh, & No Bpatoahhing eee: iat
ih cae
us Ch i yi :
— ane il al a
i AV inn is Mi (ul iter en M
Bak ds ve. ie BAe cieeiataen 4 .
ue Cee baa i 4 Me aE
or > hig iene neat ee Nola aes ate set! ol ae
i, eecteane em eet ani an
REVISION OF THE TWO-WINGED FLIES OF THE GENUS
COELOPA MEIGEN IN NORTH AMERICA
By J. M. Aupricu
Associate Curator, Division of Insects, United States National Museum
The present revision has been prepared as the result of recent
correspondence with Mr. J. E. Collin, of Newmarket, England, who
has furnished information relating to synonomy and has also sup-
plied the Museum with determined European specimens; from his
data and the specimens it appears that the North American members.
of the genus have been misidentified to a large extent. Two species
from the Bering Sea region, formerly considered to be identical
with European forms, are here described as new.
All the species appear to breed in the kelps, and are found only
on seashores where seaweeds of this group are washed up. This
limits the distribution of the flies on the Atlantic side to the northern
coast, with Rhode Island as the southern terminus, but on the
Pacific the kelps extend much farther south, so that one species of
the fly is common at least as far south as San Diego, Calif.
Genus COELOPA Meigen
Coelopa MEIcEN, Syst. Beschr., vol. 6, 1830, p. 8—HatipAy, Ann. Nat. Hist.,
vol. 2, 1839, p. 186.—Westwoop, Introd. Mod. Classif. Ins., vol. 2, Synops.,
1840, p. 144—StTENHAMMAR, Skandinaviens Copromyzinae (Kongl. Vetensk.
Akad. Handl.) 1853 (1855), p. 317.—Lorw, Mon. N. Amer. Dipt., vol. 1, 1862,
p. 42.—Scuiner, Fauna Austriaca, Diptera, vol. 2, 1864, p. 319.—CoLm and
Lovett, List Dipt. of Oregon (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 11) 1921, p.
320.—WILLIsTon, Manual N. Amer. Dipt., ed. 3d., 1908, p. 317—Mattocy,
N. Amer. Fauna No. 46, 1923, p. 214, keys to species.
Fucomyia Hauipay, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, 1839, p. 186.—Wersrwoop, Introd.
Mod. Classif. Ins., vol. 2, Synops., 1840, p. 144.
The genotypes of Coelopa and Fucomyia have been remarkably
confused, owing to the misidentification of Musca frigida Fabricius.
This was the only species included in Coelopa by Meigen in 1830, but
Haliday in 1839 recognized that it was not the true frigida of
Fabricius, and gave the name pilipes to Meigen’s species, which thus
attains the status of genotype and has been so accepted by Mr.
Collin, although the matter has not been discussed in print.
No. 2808.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 76, ART. 11
61588—29 1
=o PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM ArT. 11
Fucomyia had originally three species—the first was what Haliday
thought to be the true frigida of Fabricius, which he distinguished
from the frigida of Meigen; of the former he makes his own gravis
1833 a synonym. The other two species included are simplex and
parvula, both new. Westwood (1840, p. 144) makes frigida Fabri-
cius the genotype of Fucomyia. But here, again, is a misidentifi-
cation of frigida, which is not a Coelopa at all, but probably a
Scatophaga (Stenhammar, Copyromyz., 1855, p. 269). Haliday’s
supposed frigida “Fabricius is disposed of by adopting gravis
Haliday, 1833 for it, since Haliday himself indicated the synonymy.
Thus gravis Haliday becomes the genotype of Fucomyia. The ques-
tion is not of prime importance, since Yucomyia is undoubtedly a
synonym of Coelopa. Hucomyia has bristly legs, while in Coelopa
they are pilose; but this applies only to males, and is best developed
in the large males, smaller ones showing much less difference, and
females showing hardly a specific difference, much less a generic one.
The genus Coelopa is the main component of the small acalyptrate
family Coelopidae, which is distinguished by the following characters
in Hendel’s recent key to the families of Diptera.*
Body depressed, postverticals well developed, convergent or
crossed; prelabrum protruding; tibiae with preapical bristle on dor-
sal side, but with apicals only on ventral side; scutellum with a pair
of erect, crossed apical bristles, curving forward; auxiliary vein
complete, costa not broken or interrupted at tip of auxiliary or
before it.
In Coelopa the face in profile is very deeply hollowed; the sides of
the epistoma are bulging; the anal vein reaches the margin, but only
as a fold. The mesonotum is strikingly flattened, with no bristles
of considerable size except a single humeral, two notopleurals and
one postalar—of these the single, large erect humeral is most dis-
tinctive. The antennae are rather small, the third joint rounded,
with bare arista.
No other genus of the family occurs in North America; in our
literature Omomyta Coquillett has been referred here, but it appears
to show more affinity to the Scatophagidae.
All of the species vary greatly in size; specimens of vanduzeet,
which are all recognizable by the hairs on the apical portion of the
first vein, vary from three to seven millimeters in length. In all
cases the larger are more spinose or pilose, the striking vestiture
being reduced with the size until it becomes inconspicuous. On this
account I have given up parvula as a name for our smaller New
England specimens, without attempting to decide whether there is a
1 Tierwelt Deutschlands, Jena, 1928, part 11, section 2, pp. 86—89.
VOL. 76 TWO-WINGED FLIES OF THE GENUS COELOPA—ALDRICH 3
valid European species to which the name may be applied. Mr.
Collin, however, says that gravis and parvula always occur together,
which casts doubt upon the validity of the latter.
I have omitted Coelopa anomala Cole”, from Lower California,
which is said to have a convex thorax instead of the flattened one
which is so characteristic in the genus, and probably does not belong
here. At any rate the form of the thorax will separate it.
KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SPRHCIES OF COELOPA
MALES
1. First vein with a few hairs on apical part; middle tibiae pilose, the others
Spinya(Calitornid py Onreson))e pees ws alee eon ae eee vanduzeei Cresson.
RIES Velnt en tLLely ial esi. lee Mus We Tee cba Te ee ee Soe ee 2.
2. All femora and tibiae with dense, long soft pile, like that of middle
basitarsus, not at all bristly (Bering Sea)________ stejnegeri, new species,
All femora and tibiae spiny in the larger specimens, bristly in the smaller,
but in all cases the pile of the middle basitarsus is evidently much softer
can dmIMoOremcdehicate mechan tHiSss ee oe a ee ae ae es Ne ee 3.
3. Abdomen with spiny bristles not only on sides and hind margin but scattered
over the disk of the last three segments (Bering Sea region).
nebularum, new species.
Abdomen with spiny bristles only on hind margin and sparsely on sides
(Norther lam tic «Coast Saar et oe 8 a Lae ae gravis Haliday.
FEMALES
1. First vein with a few hairs on apical part (California and Oregon).
vanduzeei Cresson.
BiISe vein ientinelys Dame: 4 tea oy ook et yewiy ye ey bigs eek ee i ee D:
2a4hegs usually blackish. (North, Racifie. Coast) 2 i.— 4.4 fb nt es 3.
Legs reddish yellow (North Atlantic Coast) _--_-.-_________ gravis Haliday.
3. Cheek with dense, soft, rather short hair; arista minutely setulose under
Mich POWwersA= =. 212. sete ae ee stejnegeri, new species.
Cheek with sparser hair, which is somewhat bristly above; arista not
MUTI Lela SCLULOSCh eo 22 ee ee ee nebularum, new species.
COELOPA GRAVIS Haliday
Coelopa gravis HaLipAy, Entomological Magazine, vol. 1, 1833, p. 167.
Ooelopa frigida OSTEN Sacken, Catalogue N. A. Dipt., 1878, p. 197 (not of
Fabricius) —Hagrn, Canad. Ent., vol. 17, 1885, p. 140.—Jounson, List Dipt.
New Eng., 1925, p. 248; Proe. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. 38, 1925, p. 95.
Coeclopa eximia STENHAMMAR, Copromyzinae, 1855, p. 318.
Coelopa nitidula OsTEN SACKEN, Catalogue N, A. Dipt., 1878, p. 197 (not of
Stenhammer ).
Coelopa parvula JOHNSON, List Dipt. New Eng., 1925, p. 248 (not-of Haliday) ;
Proce. Bost. Soe. N. H., vol. 38, 1925, p. 95—SturtTEvANT, Biol. Bull., vol. 50,
p. 33.
I have examined 22 specimens from the New England coast—
Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Johnson writes me, “They do not
2Proc Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1923, p. 470.
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM ART. 11
seem to be found south of where the kelp grows. Narragansett Pier,
R. I., is my most southern locality. I have seen the kelp a quivering
mass of maggots and later an enormous swarm of flies.” Length 3
to 6 mm., the smaller recorded as parvula. Seven specimens of both
sexes from European seacoasts are also in the United States National
Museum, determined by Collin, Bezzi, and Lundbeck, the two latter
having identified it as frigida Fabricius.
Male——Head and body black, the antennae, palpi, and proboscis
reddish; a few reddish indistinct marks below wing on pleura; hind
edges of last three segments and sides of last four yellowish red;
abdomen flat, with a single row of bristles on each side and across
the hind margin of each segment beyond the first or second (fewer
in small specimens); front femora thickened and with stout spines,
front tibiae spiny, but with some appressed pile on ventral side;
front basitarsus with several stout, short erect spines below near base,
the apex below with a thin, expanded rim or margin, wider on
mesial side. Middle femora and tibiae spiny, the latter villous on
flexor side and with several stout apical spines ventrally; middle
basitarsus with long hair below and behind, and with about four
stout spines curved downward on the front side. Hind femora and
tibiae somewhat thickened, spiny, the latter with a few more deli-
cate hairs on the flexor side; the yellow brush of cleaning hairs begins
below the middle and extends the whole length of the first and second
tarsal segments.
Female—Abdominal segments less widely bordered with reddish
yellow behind, but about the same on the sides. Front femora
thickened, but with only a few stout bristles above.
COELOPA VANDUZEEI Cresson
Coelopa vanduzeei CrESsoN, Ent. News, vol. 25, 1914, p. 457—Prrmrson, Ill.
Biol. Mon., vol. 3, 1916, No. 2, p. 182 (numerous morphological figures).
Coelopa frigida Cotx, First Rept. Laguna Lab., 1912, p. 156 (det. by Aldrich,
not of Fabricius) —CoLm and Lovett, List Dipt. of Oregon, 1921, p. 320.
Easily recognized by Cresson’s description and by the hairs on the
first vein; I place the Cole and Lovett Oregon specimens here from
the excellent figure, although otherwise it is not known from that
State. ‘
I have before me 119 specimens from the California coast—
San Diego (Aldrich), Laguna Beach (Cole), Santa Barbara (Blais-
dell, Aldrich) ; Pacific Grove (Aldrich), Santa Cruz (Cole). Adults
appear to occur throughout the year, as Doctor Blaisdell sent a large
shipment which he collected on January 2, 1929, at Santa Barbara.
Professor Hine also sent five specimens of both sexes, which he
collected on Kodiak Island, Alaska, in September, 1919.
You. 76 TWO-WINGED FLIES OF THE GENUS COELOPA—ALDRICH 5
COELOPA NEBULARUM, new species
Coelopa frigida CogurLteTtT, Dipt. Commander Ids., 1899, p. 345 (not of Fallen,
not of Fabricius) ; Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1900, p. 460.—Mattocn,
North American Fauna, No. 46, 1923, p. 214, pl. 12, fig. 1.
Coelopa nitidula CoQqurmLLeTt, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1900, p. 460 (nct
of Stenhammar).
Coquillett reported the species from the Commander Islands and
Kodiak Island, as frigida; and as I identify the specimens he also re-
corded a specimen from Kodiak Island as nitidula.
Male—Differs from gravis, which is so widespread that it may
well be used for comparison, principally by the character given in
the key, the posterior part of the abdomen being much more bristly
above and on the sides, and also less flattened.
Female.—The legs are almost invariably blackish, while in a dozen
females of gravis they are uniformly reddish yellow.
Length, 3.5 to 6.2 mm.
Described from 15 males and 29 females, mostly from the Pribi-
lof and Commander Islands in Bering Sea. From the former group,
19 of both sexes, including type and allotype, are from St. Paul
Island (KE. A. Preble, G. D. Hanna, A. G. Whitney), in 1914-1917;
while 7 are from St. George Island (Hanna), June 6 and 14, 1914.
From the Commander Islands (palaearctic), a male and two fe-
males (Stejneger) are from Bering Island, and a female (Barvett-
Hamilton) is from Copper Island. One of the Stejneger females is
from the early collecting in the eighties. A male and a female were
collected by the Harriman Expedition (Kincaid) on Kodiak Island,
in 1899, and a male from the same island (Hine) in 1917. Also two
males and nine females from Katmai, Alaska, collected by Pref.
J. S. Hine in 1917, and lent by him for study.
Type.—Male, Cat. No. 41859, U.S.N.M.
COELOPA STEJNEGERI, new species
Coelopa frigida CoquILLeTT, Dipt. Commander Ids., 1899, p. 345 (not of
Fabricius).
Coelopa eximia MatiocH, N. Amer. Fauna, No. 46, 1923, p. 213, pl. 14, fig. 25
(not of Stenhammar).
Coelopa parvula Cote, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. vol. 11, 1921, p. 174 (not of
Haliday).
Coelopa nitidula CoquitterT, Dipt. Commander Ids., 1899, p. 845 (not of
Haliday).
Coquillett reported the species from the Pribilof and Commander
Islands as frigida and nitidula; Cole reported it from the former as
parvula; and Malloch as ewimia. The Commander Islands are in the
palaearctic region, being on the western side of the North Pacific.
Male.—Black and rather shining; front opaque except the ocellar
triangle and an upper border to the eye, all the opaque portion with
erect hair of considerable length; the frontal bristles variable,
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM ART. 1
sometimes absent; cheeks with dense, long pile; arista with a few
scattering minute setules under high power (35 diameters). Femora
almost black, with long hair and no bristles; tibiae reddish to
blackish, all with long pile, the middle ones with several apical
spines on lower side, middle basitarsi also pilose, with several short,
curved spines on front edge below; hind tibiae with long pile, below
at tip with one longer and one shorter spine. The golden brush of
hairs for cleaning are conspicuous on inner side of hind tibia on
apical third, and on basitarsus. Abdomen shining black, with no
bristles, but a good deal of black hair, especially posteriorly.
Female.—Pilose as in male, but the pile is shorter; front with
some distinct frontals, but they seem variable; cheek with dense but
rather short pile.
Length, 2.7 to 5.5 mm.
Described from nine males and eight females. The type and allo-
type are from St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, collected August 1, 1914,
by E. A. Preble, and August 16, 1915, by G. D. Hanna. Another
male and a female from the same island were collected by Hanna in
1915 and 1916, a male and female by A. G. Whitney in 1914, and
another male by Preble in 1914; a male and a female from Bering
Island, of the Commander group in Bering Sea (palaearctic), by
Barrett-Hamilton and Dr. Leonhard Stejneger respectively, in 1897;
a female from Pribilof Islands by Stejneger some years earlier, not
dated; two females from Nikolaki, Bering Island, in 1895; a female
frome Skagway, Alaska, June 14, 1921 (Aldrich) ; and a male and
female from Union Bay, Vancouver Island, April 26, 1916 (Hanna).
Also a male and female from Katmai, Alaska, 1917, lent by Prof.
James §. Hine and collected by him.
Type.—Male, Cat. No. 41860, U.S.N.M.
Named in honor of Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, of the United States
National Museum, whose interest in the life of the Bering Sea islands
has been continuous for nearly half a century.
This is the nearest of all our species to the European pilipes Hali-
day, type of the genus, which also has all the legs with long pile and
not bristles. It however has the abdomen opaque, the dorsocentral
bristles quite appreciably developed, and the front with distinct
lateral bristles in the male and not so much pile. The thin expan-
sion of the front basitarsus below its apex is less noticeable in
stejnegeri than in nebularum, but in pilipes it is hardly perceptible
at all. The female of stejnegeri can be distinguished from that of
pilipes by its more shining abdomen. In making these comparisons
J am using four European specimens of pélipes received from Mr.
Collin and two from Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1929
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. - - - - - Price 5 cents
TWO NEW SPECIES OF TREMATODES OF THE GENUS
PARAMETORCHIS FROM FUR-BEARING ANIMALS
By Emmerr W. Price
Of the Zoological Division, Bureau of Animal Indusiry, United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture
In this paper two trematodes which appear to be new species are
described. These flukes belong to the family Opisthorchiidae Braun,
1901, and to the genus Parametorchis Skrjabin, 1913. The first of
these species was forwarded to the Bureau of Animal Industry,
October 13, 1927, by Dr. J. E. Shillinger, of the Bureau of Biological
Survey, who collected them from the gali bladder of a silver fox
from Wisconsin. For this spectes the name Parametorchis inter-
medius is proposed. ‘The second species, comprising about a dozen
specimens, was collected from the gall bladder of a mink by Dr.
Ronald G. Law, of the Experimental Fur Farm, Kirkfield, Ontario,
and forwarded to the Bureau of Animal Industry for identification
on February 2, 1929. For this species the name Parametorchis cana-
densis 1s proposed.
The genus to which these species obviously belong was proposed
by Skrjabin (1918) and is characterized as follows:
Genus PARAMETORCHIS Skrjabin, 1913
Generic diagnosis —Flattened, moderate-sized distomes, attenu-
ated anteriorly and rounded posteriorly. Cuticle spiny. Suckers
equal in size and weakly developed; acetabulum at the border of the
first and second fourth of body length. Pharynx and a smaller
esophagus present. Intestinal ceca extend to posterior end of body.
Testes lobed and arranged tandem in posterior half of body. Uterus
rosette-shaped, in anterior half of body, surrounding the acetabulum.
Vitellaria lateral of uterus, in anterior half of body, and uniting in
front of uterus. Ovary lobed, cephalad of testes. Receptaculum
seminis moderately large. lateral of ovary. Parasites of the gall
bladder of mammals.
Type species—Parametorchis complexus (Stiles and Hassall,
1894).
No. 2809.—PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL. 76, ART. 12
64438—29 al:
yy PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUN VOL. 76
PARAMETORCHIS INTERMEDIUS, new species
Specific diagnosis —Parametorchis: Body linguiform, the anterior
end attenuated and posterior end rounded, 3 to 3.5 mm. long by 1 mm.
wide in the region of the anterior testis. Oral sucker terminal, 155
to 262u long by 232u to 2784 wide, weakly muscular. Prepharynx
absent; pharynx strongly muscular, 170u to 186 long by 1404 wide.
Esophagus very short; intestinal ceca wide and sinuous, terminating
TT to 124n from the posterior end of body. Acetabulum weakly
developed, slightly oval transversely, 150u long by 2004 wide, and
situated about 775p to 997» from the anterior end. Testes deeply
lobed, tandem or slightly oblique, and situated in the posterior half
of body. The anterior testis is from 262, to 310p long by 8325p to 496u
wide and the posterior from 310, to 500u long by 3887p to 4964 wide.
Cirrus pouch absent. Seminal vesicle slender and sinuous, and usually
obscured by the convolutions of the uterus. Ovary trilobed, 108, to
140 long by 200 to 260u wide, and situated a short distance in front
7iN
ItGURE 1.—PARAMETORCHIS INTERMEDIUS, NEW SPECIES. VENTRAL VIEW
of the anterior testis. Receptaculum seminis elongated and slightly
twisted, and situated to the right and caudad of the ovary. Vitellaria
lateral, extending from slightly behind the level of the esophageal
bifurcation to the level of the anterior border of the ovary. Uterus
composed of close transverse coils and extending from ovary to a
short distance in front of acetabulum. Genital pore median, about
850n from the anterior end of body. Excretory canal sigmoid,
branching at the level of the anterior border of the anterior testis,
the two branches extending extracecally to about the level of the
pharynx; excretory pore terminal. Eggs oval, 30y long by 15h wide,
and yellowish brown in color.
Host.—Silver fox (Vulpes fulva.)
Location.—Gall bladder.
Distribution.—United States (Wisconsin. )
Type specimens.—United States National Museum Helminthologi-
cal Collection No. 27857; paratypes No. 28179.
ART. 12 NEW SPECIES OF TREMATODES—PRICE 3
This species apparently occupies a position intermediate between
Paremetorchis complexcus, which was described by Stiles and Hassall
(1894), from the gall bladder of cats from NewYork, Maryland, and
District of Columbia, and P. noveboracensis which was described by
Hung (1926) from the gall bladder of a cat from New York. In the
former species the testes are deeply lobed and the vitellaria unite in
the median line forming a U around the uterus; in the latter species
the testes are almost round, the posterior being only slightly in-
dented, and the vitellaria do not unite in front of the uterus. The
peculiar character of the vitellaria in P. compleaus appears to be
constant and not changed by host relationship. Specimens of this
species which the writer has examined (U.S. N. M No. 14407), col-
lected January 21, 1907, by E. C. Stevenson from a blue fox which
died in the National Zoological Park, Washington, D. C., conform in
this respect to the type specimens from the cat. P. intermedius is
considerably smaller than either P. complexus or P. noveboracensis.
M7172.
FIGURE 2.—PARAMETORCHIS CANADENSIS, NEW SPECIES. DORSAL VIEW
The body form and shape of the testes are similar to the former
species, but the arrangement of the vitellaria is similar to that in the
latter species. On the basis of these differences, the writer feels
justified in considering P. intermedius a distinct species.
PARAMETORCHIS CANADENSIS, new species
Specific diagnosis —Parametorchis: Body linguiform, transparent,
1.7 to 2 mm. long 590, to 687 wide in the region of the anterior testis.
Cuticle missing owing toe the somewhat macerated condition of the
specimens. Oral sucker terminal, 984 to 1082 long by 140u to 155u
wide. Prepharynx absent; pharynx muscular, 108 to 140 long by
62 to 93» wide. Esophagus very short; intestinal ceca slightly sinu-
ous, terminating 70 to 90n from the posterior end of the body. Ace-
tabulum 125, long by 140. wide, weakly muscular, and situated about
470 from the anterior end. Testes oval or slightly indented, and
situated tandem in the posterior half of body; they are about equal
A PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 76
in size, 186y long by 125y wide. Cirrus pouch absent. Seminal vesicle
slender and sinuous, its posterior end lying on a level with the center
of the acetabulum. Ovary trilobed, small, and situated about twice
its own length in front of the bifurcation of the excretory vesicle.
Receptaculum seminis large and pyriform, and situated to the right
and caudad of the ovary. Vitellaria lateral, extending from a short
distance caudad of the esophagus bifurcation to the level of the
ovary. Uterus composed of close transverse coils which are filled
with small eggs. The genital pore is situated 400u to 600u from the
anterior end of body. Excretory system similar to that in other
species of the genus. Eggs oval, 22 long by 11p wide, and yellow-
ish brown in color.
[ost.—Mink (Mustela vison).
Location.—Gall bladder.
Distribution —Canada (Kairkfield, Ontario).
Type specimens.—United States National Museum Helminthologi-
cal Collection No. 28180; paratypes No. 28366.
This species is much smaller than any of the other species of the
genus. It resembles P. tntermedius in many respects but is more
transparent, the testes are oval instead of being lobed, and the egg
is sughtly smaller. Since the specimens of both of these species are
fully mature, the writer feels that in view of a lack of information
in regard to the influence of different hosts on the size of trematodes
of this genus, these forms should be considered as separate species.
For further comparison of the more important characters of the
species of Parametorchis, the following table is appended.
Comparative table of characters of species of Parametorchis
Parametorchis Parametorchis Parametorchis Parametorchis
complexus noveboracensis intermedius canadensis
Body form: -=£-=--= Linguiform.__-__-- Wingeniformuses === Linguiform -~-2.--.- Linguiform.
Size:
ene thes. OubO (7 a a ee | 6 to 6-3: mm- - =: <2 3it0/3.5 mmo =| 7, fo Zima,
Width22-o 2 LS SeGOR2 ITER eae |) Zea: bomaiounmim= eae Mpochast Ae eeeee bs »----| 590 to 687p.
Oralasnckery | i— 3 330 to 3904__-_-___ | 232 to 242y_ 2 155 to 262u by 232 to | 93 to 108u by 140 o
278y. 155.
Acetabuliam: 225222), 380 tOrs 9 Opie. a Skea ee eras eae ee 150u by 200u__..._-- | 1254 by 140z.
U2 a EE raga b, ey ea en ene ped | EE Ri aU ee SES 232 to 2424 by 281 to | 170 to 1864 by 140u__| 108 to 1404 by 62 to
300. | Su.
ON aE ane eee MriWoped sa---s-— = Mrilobed= =. 282 nee PrUO DR ee Trilobed.
Intestinal ceca__-__- SINVWOMs ese eee Almost straight____- SimlQus= fsa ae | Slightly sinuous.
Mes lose esa eae es Obed ee ne | Almost reund_-_--_-- THODeGt oss e ae | Oval or slightly
lobed.
Whterushee > sees eee Rosette-shaped____| Rosette-shaped_____- Compact transverse | Compact trans-
coils. | verse coils.
Vitellaria______..._| United iu front of | Not united____----_- Not united ---.--2--2 | Not united.
uterus. |
Receptaculum | Pyriform__________ Pynifornrs = seek: Slightly twisted____- | Pyriform.
seminis. |
Deep ae ek ESS 8 he 2a py Wye aes | 28-32u by 15-18u--_-- 30 by: Wopsees- | 22u by Iu.
ART, 12 NEW SPECIES OF TREMATODES—PRICE 5
REFERENCES
Hune, SEr-LU.
1926. A new species of fluke, Parametorchis noyeboracensis, from the cat
in the United States, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Wash. (2627), vol.
69, art. 1, pp. 1-2, fig. 1.
SKRJABIN, K. I.
1913. Vogeltrematoden aus Russich Turkestan, Zool. Jahrb., Jena., Abt.
f. Syst., vol. 35, pp. 351-388, pls. 18-14, figs. 1-16.
Stites, CH. WARDELL; and HASSALL, ALBERT.
1894. A new species of fluke (Distoma [Dicrocoelium] complexum) found
in cats in the United States, with bibliographies and diagnoses
of allied forms. (Notes on parasites, 21.) Vet. Mag., Phila.,
vol. 1, June, pp. 413-432, pls. 1-4, figs. 1-19. [MS. dated March
2, 1893.]
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1929
toa
No
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Foal Oty:
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THE BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE GALAPAGOS
ISLANDS
By Frerprnanp Canu
Of Versailles, France
AND
R. S. Bassier
Of Washington, District of Columbia
INTRODUCTION
Continuing our investigations of the dredgings of the United
States Fish Commission steamer Albatross preserved in the United
States National Museum, we have recently cumpleted the study of
the material collected from a few stations in the vicinity of the
Galapagos Islands. As a result we find that the bryozoa of the
Galapagos afford equally interesting results as other classes of
animals from this classic area. In the pursuit of these studies we
have had financial assistance from the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, which help is here gratefully acknowledged.
Located on the equatorial line, the bryozoan fauna of the Galapagos
Islands is found to be particularly interesting to the paleontologist.
The species common with the Gulf of Mexico indicate the ancient
communication of the Pacific with the Atlantic and the very recent
formation of the Isthmus of Panama. These species are Acantho-
desia savartii, Aplousina filum, Callopora tenuirostris, Callopora
curvirostris, Cupuladria umbellata, Puellina innominata, Try postega
venusta, Hippoporina cleidostoma, Mamillopora cupula, and Liche-
nopora radiata. None of these is known to have made the circuit of
any of the continents, so that free communication between the two
oceans must have existed.
Another remarkable phenomenon is the persistence in this region
of archaic forms known hitherto only as fossils and in which nat-
urally the anatomic structure was unknown. Very useful compari-
sons can thus be made by means of such species as Proboscina lamel-
lifera, Plagioecia subpapyracea, Diaperoecia (Reticulipora) mean-
No. 2810.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 76, ART. 18.
61589—29 1 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 76
drina, Defrancia stellata, Cavaria praesens, and Heteropora sp.
The materials collected were, unfortunately, not very numerous.
The bryozoa from the eastern side of the Pacific are still little
known, so that we should not be surprised at the large number of
new forms discriminated. Thus, of 53 species determined and
studied, 29 are new and 4 new genera of Cheilostomata have been
created. Three of the latter have a decided originality and are
peculiar to the region.
Although under the influence of the southern current, which spreads
even to the Sandwich Islands, we have not recognized the species
common with South America. However, it is true that the bryozoan
fauna of the South American continent is scarcely known. We hope
that new explorations of the Galapagos Islands will furnish a larger
quantity of material. Life is very active in these equatorial regions
for a plancton of extraordinary richness assures the life of a great
fauna as peculiar as it is varied.
The location, characteristics, and faunas of the three stations
studied are as follows:
FAUNAL LISTS
Albatross Station D. 2818. Galapagos Island; 1° 21’’ S; 89° 40’
15’’ W.; 40 fathoms; coral sand; April 7, 1888.
Acanthodesia savartii Savigny-Audouin, 1826.
Adeona granulata, new species.
Adeona tubulifera, new species.
Aplousina filum Jullien, 1903.
Callopora curvirostris Hinecks, 1861.
Callopora tenuirostris Hincks, 1880.
Callopora verrucosa, new species.
Cavaria praesens, new species.
Chorizopora brongniarti Audouin, 1826.
Cedonella granulata, new species.
Crepidacantha poissonii Savigny-Audouin, 1826.
Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823.
Dakaria sertata, new species.
Diaperoecia flabellata Canu and Bassler, 1923.
Diaperoecia? striatula, new species.
Diaperoecia subpapyracea, new species.
Diplonotos costulatwm, new species.
Heteropora, species.
Hippomenella parvicapitata, new species.
Hippoporidra granulosa, new species.
Hippoporina cleidostoma Smitt, 1873.
Hippotrema(?) spiculifera, new species.
Holoporella hexagonalis, new species.
Holoporetia quadrispinosa, new species.
Lagenipora marginata, new species.
Lichenopora radiata Savigny-Audouin, 1826.
Mamillopora cupula Smitt, 1878.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER =
Membrendoecium claustracrassum, new species.
Microecia tubiabortiva, new species.
Micropora coriacea Esper, 1794.
Microporella gibbosula, new species.
Microporella tractabilis, new species.
Oncousoecia (Proboscina) major Johnston, 1847.
Osthimosia anatina, new species.
Pachycleithonia nigra, new species.
Plagioecia lactea Calvet, 1903, variety.
Proboscina lamellifera, new species.
Puellina innominata Couch, 1844.
Schizopodrella (Stephanosella) biaperta Michelin, 1842.
Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838, variety.
Trypostega venusta Norman, 1864.
Tubulipora, species.
Albatross Station D. 2815. Galapagos Islands; 1° 17’ 30’” S; 90°
30’ 15’ W.; 33.5 fathoms; gray sand with black specks; April 9, 1888.
Adeona tubulifera, new species.
Arthropoma cecili Savigny-Audouin, 1826.
Callopora tenuirostris Hincks, 1880.
Cauloramphus brunea, new species.
Cavaria praesens, new species.
Chaperia condylata, new species.
Codonella granulata, new species.
Crepidacantha poissoni Savigny-Audouin, 1826.
Defrancia stellata Reuss, 1847.
Dakaria sertata, new species.
Diaperoccia meandrina, new species.
Enantiosula manica, new species.
Hippoporina cleidostoma Smitt, 1873.
Hippotrema (?) spiculifera, new species.
Holoporella porosa, new species.
Holoporeila quadrispinosa, new species.
Holoporella tridenticulata Busk, 1881.
Lagenipora verrucosa, new species.
Membrendoecium claustracrassum, new species.
Microporella tractabilis, new species.
Osthimosia anatina, new species.
Puellnia radiata Moll, 1808.
Schizopodrella (Stephanosella) biaperta Michelin, 1842.
Smittina reticulata MacGillivray, 1842.
Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838, variety.
Trypostega venusta Norman, 1864.
Tubulipora, species.
Tubulipora liliacea Harmer, 1898.
Albatross Station D. 3408. Off Galapagos Islands; 12’ 30’’ N.;
90° 32’ 30” W.; 684 fathoms; Globigerina ooze; April 3, 1891.
Diplonotos costulatum; new species.
Diplonotos striatum, new species.
Semihaswellia sulcosa, new species.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 76
Order CHEILOSTOMATA Busk
Suborder ANASCA
Division MALACOSTEGA
Family BIFLUSTRIDAE Smitt, 1872
Genus ACANTHODESIA Canu and Bassler, 1920
ACANTHODESIA SAVARTII Savigny-Audouin, 1826
Zoological bibliography
. Flustra savartii Savieny, Description de l’Hgypte Polypes, pl. 10, fig. 10.
1826. Flustra savartii AupouIN, Explication sommaire des planches de Polypes
de l’Egypte et de la Syrie, p. 240.
. Biflustra savartii Smirr, Floridan Bryozoa, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-
Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 20, pl. 4, figs. 92-95.
1880. Membranipora delicatula HincKks, Contributions toward a General His-
1909.
19138.
1914.
1920.
1928.
tory of the Marine Polyzoa, Annals and Magazine of Natural History,
ser. 5; vol: 6, p28, pl. 11, fig. 12
. Biflustra delicatula MacGiniivray in MeCoy, Prodrome Zoology of Vic-
toria, decade 6, p. 28. pl. 37, figs. 2, 3.
. Biflustra savartii BusK, Challenger, p. 67, pl. 14, fig. 2.
. Membranipora savartii WatErs, Bryozoa from New South Wales, North
Australia, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, p. 181, pl. 4, fig. 8.
( Variety.)
Membranipora savartii Waters, Reports on the marine biology of the
Sudanese Red Sea, XII, Journal Linnean Society, London, vol. 31, p.
187, pl. 11, figs. 8-138.
Membranipora savartii Waters, Marine fauna of British East Africa and
Zanzibar. Bryozoa Cheilostomata. Proceedings Zoological Society Lon-
don, p. 486.
Membranipora savartii Ospurn, Tortugas, Publication Carnegie Institu-
tion of Washington, No. 182, p. 1941.
Acanthodesia savartii CANuU and Basstrr, North American Early Tertiary
Bryozoa, Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 100, pl. 21, figs. 2-4.
(Complementary bibliography geologie and geographic distribution. )
. Acanthodesia savartii CANU and Basster, North American Later Tertiary
and Quaternary Bryozoa, Bulletin 125, U. S. National Museum, p. 30,
pl. 11, figs. 1-8; pl. 2, figs. 2, 8; pl. 5, figs. 1-5; pl. 11, figs. 5-9 (forma
delicatula) ; pl. 11, fig. 4; pl. 46, figs. 8, 9. (Study of the recent and
fossil varieties. )
Acanthodesia savartii CANU and Bass ter, Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of
the Guif of Mexico Region, Proc. U. S. National Museum, Art. 2710, p.
14, pl. J, figs. 5, 6.
1929. Acanthodesia savartii CANU and Basstrer, Bryozoa of the Philippine Re-
gion, Bull. 100, vol. 9, U. S. National Museum, p. 66, pl. 1, figs. 1-5.
Our specimen is bilamellar, bifurcated, in narrow fronds with
eight rows of cells. The mural rim is thick and granular. It is well
represented by Figure 9 of Plate 11 of Canu and Bassler, 1923.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER 5
There are areal spicules but no serrate denticles, while in the Philip-
pine and in the Gulf of Mexico specimens there are no spicules.
Biology—The discovery of this equatorial species at the Galapagos
confirms our preceding deductions on the recent formation of the
Isthmus of Panama, in which we have discovered it with certainty as
a fossil. Its geographic extension is very great, but everywhere it
lives only in waters of little depth. Its presence in the fossils always
reveals the vicinity of the shore. It is able to cross the great depths
of the ocean only when parasitic on floating algae.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2818.
Geographic distribution —Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico and Florida
(29 fathoms) ; Tortugas (10 fathoms) and between Florida and New
Orleans (27-80 fathoms). Pacific: Sulu Sea and Celebes Sea in the
Philippines (20-24 fathoms) ; Samboangan (10 fathoms) ; Australia,
Queensland and Victoria, Palm Island (8-10 fathoms), and Darnley
Island in Torres Strait. Indian Ocean: Zanzibar (8-10 fathoms) ;
Sudanese Red Sea (5-30 fathoms) and Ceylon.
Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 8469, U.S.N.M.
Family HINCKSINIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1927
Genus APLOUSINA Canu and Bassler, 1927
APLOUSINA FILUM Jullien, 1903
Plate 1, Figures 1, 2
1873. Biflustra lacroivii Smiru (not Audouin), Floridan Bryozoa, p. 18, pl. 4,
figs. 85 to 88 (Florida, 21-97 m.).
1902. Membranipora reticulum CaAtver (not Linnaeus), Bryozoaires marines
des Cotes de Corse, Travaux de l'Institut Zoologique de Montpellier,
ser. 2, mem. 12, p. 14.
1903. Membranipora filum Juin, Bryozoaires provenant des campagnes de
l’Hirondelle 1886-1888, Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accom-
panies par le Prince de Monaco, fasc. 23, p. 41, pl. 5, fig. 4 (Azores,
2 130-818 m.).
1907. Membranipora filum Carver, Bryozoaires des expéditions scientifique du
Travailleur et du Talisman, VIII, p. 386 (bibliography). (Cape Verde
Islands, 80-180 m.; Cape Spartel, northwest of Morocco, 717 m.)
1923. Callopora filum Canu and Basster, North American Later Tertiary and
Quaternary Bryozoa, Bulletin 125, U. S. National Museum, p. 42, pl.
45, fig. 5 (Pleistocene of Mount Hope, Panama).
71898. Membranipora capriensis Waters, Observations on Membraniporidae,
Linnean Society’s Journal, Zoology, p. 690, pl. 47, fig. 6 (Capri, Italy).
Structure—In 1923 we interpreted badly the description of the
ovicell given by Calvet in 1907 without figures. As it is easy to see
on the figure of Smitt, 1873, the ovicell is really endozooecial; it is
often ornamented with a small frontal cicatrix.
The opercular valve is very short and is supported on the mural
rim, with a width of 0.16-0.20 mm. Smitt said also that it is small,
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
but he figures it isolated from the mural rim and gives it 0.18 mm. in
width. It is difficult to appreciate these chitinous organs on the dry
specimens. Our specimens are poorly located on their substratum
and can be photographed only with difficulty. Nevertheless, in spite
of their imperfections, they show great micrometric variations. We
have measured Zz=0.60-0.73 mm. and /2=0.50-0.45 mm.
The figures of Jullien measure 0.80-0.64 mm. Waters for JZ.
capriensis speaks of a length of 0.60-0.70 mm., and his figure indi-
cates 0.84—0.44 mm. The mural rim is isolated and finely granulated.
The small granulations are not always clearly visible; for this reason
we have introduced doubtfully Membranipora capriensis Waters,
1898, which is figured with a smooth mural rim but in which the
ovicell is clearly endozooecial.
The two small oral spines cited by Jullien are not visible on our
specimens. Smitt did not figure them, so they appear inconstant
and fragile.
We have not discovered this species in the dredgings made by the
Albatross in the Gulf of Mexico, and we therefore can not confirm
the observations of Smitt.
Our specimens from the Galapagos were dredged living on dead
Cellepores at 40 fathoms of depth.
Biology.—* In the lowest state of development, it is a thin, glossy,
yellow-white shining crust. In the zooecia, covered by their thin,
translucent ectocyst, within the area, the bundle of tentacles and
the musculi retractores operculi clearly present themselves through
their black color.” (Smitt.) The ectocyst of the adult zooecia
easily loses its clearness.
This species has been observed on corals, on dead bryozoa (Celle-
pora, Steganoporeclla, etc.), on Mytilus and on fragments of dead
shells. All the specimens collected to the present time appear to
have lived at the depths where they were dredged. These vary from
2 to 717 meters, which reveals a great facility of adaptation to bathy-
metric and thermometric conditions. However, this is an equatorial
or subequatorial species in which the extension toward the north
does not transgress beyond the Mediterranean. We are ignorant of
the causes which maintain it in these actual biologic limits.
The species was in reproduction at the Cape Verde Islands on
July 27, 1883, but at the Galapagos Islands our specimens were
ovicelled on April 7 to 9, 1888.
The simultaneous occurrence in the Gulf of Mexico and the
Galapagos Islands and in the Quaternary of Panama indicates the
ancient communication between the Pacific and the Atlantic and the
recent formation of the Isthmus of Panama. The species common
to these two oceans are now rather rare. At the Galapagos Islands
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER rf
the great southern current has modified considerably the nature of
the plancton and all the marine fauna. The simple forms indifferent
to the thermic influences alone have been able to persist. This is
precisely the case for A plousina filum.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Geographic distribution —Kastern Atlantic: Cape Verde Islands,
80-180 meters; Azore Islands, 130-318 meters; Cape Spartel, north-
west of Morocco, 717 meters. Mediterranean: Corse, littoral;
Capri (?). Western Atlantic: Florida, 18-60 fathoms. Pacific:
Galapagos Islands, 40 fathoms.
Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 8470, U.S.N.M.
Genus MEMBRENDOECIUM Canu and Bassler, 1917
MEMBRENDOECIUM CLAUSTRACRASSUM, new species
Plate 1, Figures 3-7
Description —The zoarium is multilamellar; it incrusts fragments
of shells and dead gastropods. The zooecia are oval, the point above,
a little enlarged at the base, elongated, distinct, separated by a deep
furrow. The mural rim is a thin salient thread; the cryptocyst
almost entirely surrounds the opesium; it is very much enlarged
proximally and is finely granular. The opesium is elongated, oval,
distally adjacent to the mural rim, finely crenulated. At the base
of each zooecium there is a small triangular avicularium oriented
longitudinally, the beak above. The opercular valve is small, re-
moved from the mural rim laterally. The ovicell is endozooecial,
little apparent, covered by a small chitinous band distally and a
large, thick, and much chitinized opercular valve.
Measurements.—
Lz=0.40-0.50 mm.
2z=0.30 mm.
ho=0.26-0.30 mm.
Opesium | /o=0.16-0.18 mm. Zou
Structure—The structure of the ovicell is quite remarkable and
can be seen only on the specimens preserving their ectocyst. It is a
simple distal cavity covered by a chitinous band and by a large
hinged operculum thicker and more chitinized than the small oper-
cular valve of the other cells. It is therefore little visible on speci-
mens deprived of the ectocyst, although the doubling of the small
distal avicularium is often an index of its presence.
Certain zooecia have their cryptocyst perforated by a small sub-
circular median opesium; they are not regenerated and we are still
ignorant of their anatomical structure. The ancestrula is very small;
unfortunately our specimen does not show this structure very well.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
On the much calcified zooecia the opesium is smaller and the
cryptocyst more developed. A simple tuberosity then replaces the
distal avicularium.
Affinities —This species differs from Membrendoecium ovatwm
Canu and Bassler, of the Philippines, in its smaller zooecia and its
finely crenulated opesium. It has much resemblance to &. trans-
versum Canu and Bassler, 1920, of the American Midwayan and
differs only in the longitudinal orientation of the small avicularia.
It could perhaps be the same as U/. papillatwm Busk, 1884, of the
Philippines, in which the cryptocyst is granulated and the opesium
is regularly oval, but we have no other means of comparison than
the incomplete figure of the author.
Biology.—The zoarium incrusts shells in many superposed lamellz.
The exterior lamella shows then false ancestrule which are not
derived from a larva. The lamella directly in contact with the
shell has zooecia less calcified and more irregular. Our specimens
were in reproduction and fixation April 7, 1888.
Occurrence—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813 and D 2815.
Cotypes.—Cat. Nos. 8471, 8472, U.S.N.M.
Family ALDERINIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1927
Genus CALLOPORA Gray, 1848
_CALLOPORA TENUIROSTRIS Hincks, 1880
1918. Membranipora tenuirostris Waters, Some collections of the littoral
marine fauna of the Cape Verde Islands, Bryozoa, Journal Linnean
Society Zoology, vol. 34, p. 9. (Bibliography, geographic distribution).
1920. Callopora tenuirostris CANU and BAsstER, North American Harly Tertiary
Bryozoa, Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 154, pl. 29, figs. 10, 11.
1928. Callopora tenuirostris CANU and BASSLER, Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of
the Gulf of Mexico Region, Proc. U. 8S. National Museum, art. 2710, p.
$1, p. 3, fig. 4.
1929. Callopora tenuirostris Canu and BaAsster, Bryozoa of the Philippine
Region, Bull. 100, vol. 9, U. S. National Museum, p. 102, pl. 3, fig. 6.
Our specimens incrust dead shells, oysters, Cellepores, Smittina,
Nullipores, and Cupuwlaria umbellata. For the greater part they are
living.
Biology—tThis is a species of shallow water and does not pass
beyond 90 meters. The Albatross, however, dredged a dead speci-
men in the Philippines at 379 meters. It is abundant in the equa-
torial or subequatorial zone, although it has been observed in the
temperature zone of the Pacific.
It was in reproduction on January 30, 1885, in the region of the
Gulf of Mexico, and on April 7-9, 1888, in the Gallapagos Islands,
and in September 18, 1918, at La Jolla, Calif.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Island, D. 2813 and D. 2815.
akT. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER 9
Geographic distribution—Atlantic: Madeira, Cape Verde Islands
(10 fathoms). Gulf of Mexico (24-65 fathoms). Mediterranean:
Naples (10-40 fathoms), Capri, Rapallo, Oran (85 meters), Adriatic.
Pacific: Philippines (20-140 fathoms), La Jolla, Calif., and Queen
Charlotte Islands.
Cat. No. 8473 U.S.N.M.
CALLOPORA CURVIROSTRIS Hincks, 1861
1918. Membranipora curvirostris Waters, Some collections of the littoral ma-
rine fauna of the Cape Verde Islands, Bryozoa, Journal Linnean
Society, Zoology, vol. 34, p. 9 (bibliography).
1923. Callopora curvirostris CANU and Basser, North American Later Terti-
ary and Quaternary Bryozoa, Bulletin 125, U. S. National Museum,
p. 42 (Guernei).
1925. Callopora curvirostris CANU and BassLer, Les Bryozoaires du Maroc et de
Mauritanie, Mem. de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc,
No. 10, p. 14.
1928. Callopora curvirostris CANU and BAssLerR, Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of
the Gulf of Mexico region, Proc. U. S. National Museum, Art. 2710, p.
32, pl. 3, figs. 9, 10; pl. 32, figs. 8.
Our specimens incrust a shell, a dead Cellepore and a large
Smittina foliacea. They were living and ovicelled April 7, 1888.
Biology.—This species has almost always been dredged dead and
its biology is therefore difficult to determine. We had the good
fortune to find our specimens had been dredged alive. The species
lives in the equatorial and temperate zones at depths varying up to
231 meters. It is another indication of the ancient communication
between the Atlantic and the Pacific.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Geographic distribution—Atlantic; Polperro, Great Britain, 40
fathoms; Cape Verde Islands, 10 fathoms; shores of Morocco, 110-
158 meters; Gulf of Gascogny, 135 meters; Brazil, 56 meters; Ha-
bana, Gulf of Mexico, 201 fathoms; between Cuba and Yucatan,
143 fathoms. Mediterranean: Naples, Oran, Pacific; Nukatofa,
Tongatabu, 20 fathoms; Hawaiian Islands 91-113 fathoms; Indian
Ocean: Dwarka, Gulf of Arabia, Laccadives Islands; Adelaide, Aus-
tralia; Bangam, Bengal; Singapore (26 meters).
Cat. ‘No. 8474 U.S. N. M.
CALLIPORA VERRUCOSA, new species
Plate 1, Figure 8
Description—The zoarium incrusts fragments of shells. The
zooecia are distinct, separated by a furrow, elongate elliptical or
a little oval. The mural rim is smooth, thin, salient, and regular.
The form of the opesium is that of the zooecium. The ovicell is
hyperstomial, globular. In all the interopesial spaces there is a
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 76
small triangular avicularium with rounded beak. In the marginal
zone of the colony, in the separating furrows of the cells, there are
small elliptical zooeciules perforated by a submedian pore. On the
margin itself, the zooeciules develop exclusively and arrest the for-
mation of the normal zooecia.
Measurements.—
, ho=0.40 mm. > Lz=0.50 mm.
Opesium lo=0.25 mm. Zooecium lz=0.30-0.85 mm.
Affinities —The function of the small zooeciules is absolutely un-
known. They have been observed in several species; in Mystriopora
areolata Canu and Bassler, 1923, from the Pleistocene of California,
in Callopora pumicosa Canu and Bassler, 1928, recent species from
the Gulf of Mexico, and in Electra distefanoi, Cipolla, 1923, of the
Sicilian of Italy. They appear to have a small polypide since they
undergo the phenomenon of total regeneration. Our photographs
show several examples. Adventitious zooeciules somewhat more
elongated in form have also been observed in other genera of the
bryozoa.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Holotype.—Cat. No. 8475, U. S. N. M.
Genus CAULORAMPHUS Norman, 1903
CAULORAMPHUS BRUNEA, new species
Plate 1, Figures 9, 10
Description.—The zoarium incrusts dead Cellepores. The zooecia
are distinct, elongated, separated by a very deep furrow, somewhat
oval. The mural rim is thick, rounded, very salient. It bears 4
distal spines and 7-9 pairs of brown, areal spines. The pedunculate
avicularia are white, a little longer than the spines. The ancestrula
is a very small ordinary zooecium.
Measurements.—
: ho=0.30 mm. ‘ Lz=0.40-0.45 mm.
Opesium) 7,—§.15 mm, Zooecium) 7,—0.30 mm.
A ffinities—This species is very well characterized by the brown
spines. They are white in Cauloramphus spinifer Johnston, 1847,
which is the closest species.
Biology.—This is a sordid species for the living specimens, in spite
of their large number of spines are always covered with calcareous
granules, siliceous particles, fragments of sponges, and of dirt. It
is difficult to find a specimen that can be photographed. By boiling
in Javelle water the cells when completely freed from their spines and
all the dirt have on the contrary a most agreeable aspect and resemble
little crowns.
ArT. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER ll
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2815.
Coty pes.— Cat. No. 8476, U.S.N.M.
Division COILOSTEGA Levinsen, 1909
Family OPESIULIDAE Jullien, 1888
Genus MICROPORA Gray, 1848
MICROPORA CORIACEA Esper, 1794
1920. Micropora coriacea CANU and Basser, Monograph Early Tertiary
Bryozoa of North America, Bulletin 106 U. 8. National Museum,
p. 235, pl. 4, figs. 20-22. (Bibliography, geographic and geologic dis-
tributions).
1921. Micropora coriacea Marcus, Bryozoen von den Juan-Fernandez Inseln
in Skollsberg, The Natural History of Juan Fernandez and Haster
Isles, vol. 3, p. 101, fig. 4.
1923. Micropora coriacea CANU and Basser, North American Later Tertiary
and Quaternary Bryozoa, Bulletin 125, U. S. National Museum, p. 58.
1928. Micropora coriacea CANuU and BAsster, Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of
the Gulf of Mexico Region, Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. 72,
p. 62, text, fig. 8c.
Measurements.—
ETN ha=0. 06 mm. Pat atl Lz=0.46—0. 50 mm.
Wan la=0. 10 mm. lz=0. 24—0. 30 mm.
A single dead specimen has been found; it has some transverse
cells. This is the single species of the fauna from Juan Fernandez
Island which has been drifted by the southern current as far as the
Galapagos Islands. The Albatross also dredged it in the Hawaiian
Tslands.
Occurrence —Galapagos Islands, D. 2818.
Cat. No. 8477, U.S.N.M.
Family CALPENSIIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1923
Genus CUPULARIA Lamouroux, 1821
CUPULARIA UMBELLATA Defrance, 1823
1923. Cupularia umbellata CANU and BASSLER, North American Later Tertiary
and Quaternary Bryozoa, Bulletin 125, U. S. National Museum, p. 80,
pl. 2, figs. 15-19. (Bibliography, geologic distribution.)
1928. Cupularia umbellata CANU and BASsLErR, Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of
the Gulf of Mexico Region, Proce. U. S. National Museum, Art. 2710, p.
64, pl. 1, figs. 1-3.
1929. Cupularia umbellata CANu and BAss.rr, Bryozoa of the Philippine Region,
Bull. 100; vol. 9, U. S. National Museum, p. 142, pl. 15, figs. 5-11.
Variations —The specimens collected are numerous and more vig-
orous than the specimens from Hawaii dredged at 4,411 meters depth.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 76
In the great abyssal depths the bryozoa generally appear to be
stunted.
At the center there is no visible ancestrula, but there are four
zooecia in a cross. Each cell is perforated by six large opesiules.
On the inner side the ribs are smooth when the colony is little calci-
fied; they are granulated on the much calcified colonies. .
All of our colonies were dead except one which had preserved its
avicularian setae.
There exists a small variation coniéca, in which the colony is very
small, full, and conical. It has been found in the Helvetian faunas
of Touraine.
Biology—This species has been dredged at very great depths, for
it is one of the rare species characteristic of the abyssal ooze. Be-
cause of its mobility it can live upon the moving bottom. The bathy-
metric dispersion rises only up to a depth of 80 meters and it can not
adapt itself easily to slight depths (Calvet, 1907). This statement
of Calvet on the bathymetric dispersion is a little exaggerated, for
it lives perfectly in waters of little depths, because Smitt discovered
it at Cape ‘ear River at a depth of only 11 meters.
As it is very abundant between America and the Hawaiian Is-
lands at the great depth of 4,411 meters with a temperature of 1.4°
C. we may suppose it can exist in the boreal zone, but it is a species
of the tropical zone and does not generally extend far from the
Tropics. Neither the depth nor the temperature seem to modify its
biologic limits.
Its locomotion facilities are much reduced and it is not able to
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2815; Hawaii, D. 3813.
Geographic distributton—Mediterranean: Oran, 87 meters. At-
lantic: Cape Verde Islands, 1,900 meters; Canary Islands, 80 meters;
Madeira, 81-113 meters; Florida, 29 fathoms; Tortugas, 12-22 fath-
oms; Beaufort, N. C.; Cape Fear River, 7 fathoms. Indian Ocean:
Mergui Archipelago. Pacific Ocean: Between California and the
Hawaiian Islands, 2,723 fathoms.
Cat. No. 8478, U.S.N.M.
art. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER 13
Suborder ASCOPHORA Levinsen, 1909
Family COSTULAE Jullien, 1888
Genus PUELLINA Jullien, 1886
PUELLINA RADIATA Moll, 1803
1920. Puellina radiata CANU and Basstrer, North American Early Tertiary
Bryozoa, Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 295, pl. 41, figs. 14-18.
(Bibliography, geographic and geologic distribution.)
1925. Puellina radiata CANU and BAsstEr, Les Bryozoaires du Maroc, Mémoires
‘de la Société des Sciences naturelles du Maroc, vol. 10, p. 21.
1928. Puellina innominata CaANnu and BAsster, Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the
Gulf of Mexico Region, Proc. U. S. National Museum, Art. 2710, p. 73,
polls ais sakes, ala
1929. Puellina radiata Canu and BASSsLER, Bryozoa of the Philippine Region,
Bull. 100, vol. 9, U. S. National Museum, p. 238, pl. 22, fig. 1.
Our specimens were dead and incrusting Cellepores. They are of
small dimensions.
Occurrence-—Galapagos Islands, D. 2815; Hawai, D. 3813.
Cat. No. 8479, U.S.N.M.
PUELLINA INNOMINATA Couch, 1844
1925. Puellina innominata CANU and BAsster, Les Bryozoaires du Maroe. Mé-
moires de la Société des Sciences naturelles du Maroc, vol. 10, p. 21.
1928. Puellina innominata CANU and Basster, Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the
Gulf of Mexico Region, Proc. U. 8S. National Museum, Art. 2710, p. 73, pl.
alee Rent keg
The frontal pore is very constant on our specimens, which were
almost all living and ovicelled. They incrust Cellepores and shells.
One of them is incrusted by small Serpulas against which it could
not defend itself. Reproduction occurred on April 7, 1888.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Cat. No. 8480, U.S.N.M.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 76
Family HIPPOTHOIDAE Levinsen, 1909
Genus CHORIZOPORA Hincks, 1880
CHORIZOPORA BRONGNIARTI Audouin, 1826
1925. Chorizopora brongniarti CANU and Bass er, Les Byrozoaires du Maroe,
Mémoires de la Société des Sciences naturelles du Maroe, vol. 10, p. 23,
Oe, hig t.
A single living ovicelled specimen on Lithothamnion (April 1%,
1888).
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Cat. No. 8482, U.S.N.M.
Genus TRYPOSTEGA Levinsen, 1909
TRYPOSTEGA VENUSTA Norman, 1864
1920. Trypostega venusia Canu and Basser, Bull. 106 U. S. National Museum,
p. 330, pl. 85, fig. 15-16. (Bibliography, geographic distribution.)
1928. Trypostega venustw Canu and Basster, Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of
the Gulf of Mexico Region, Proc. U. 8. National Museum, vol. 72, art.
14, p. 77, pl. 8, figs. 5, 6.
1929. Trypostega venusta CANU and BaAssLER, Bryozoa of the Philippines, Bull.
100, U. S. National Museum, p. 248, pl. 22, figs. 9-11.
The ovicelled zooecia not having frontal tuberosities show that
our specimens belong to the form striatula Smitt, 1873, just as in
the Philippines and in the Indian Ocean.
Biology—Our specimens were living and ovicelled and were
therefore in reproduction April 7-9, 1888. We have stated in our
work on the Gulf of Mexico that reproduction occurred from Janu-
ary to March, which must now be changed to April.
Our specimens incrust shells and nullipores as in Europe these
being the most habitual substrata of this species. Nevertheless we
have observed rare colonies on bryozoa, (Steganoporella, Stylopoma),
corals, and hydroids in the Gulf of Mexico and on small pebbles
in the Philippines.
The geographic extension of this species is rather great. It ap-
pears more abundant in the equatorial zone, but it extends in the
Atlantic up to the fiftieth parallel. The localities in the temperate
zone are very rare and not yet been dredged in the Mediterranean.
Perhaps it has been brought to the English Channel only by a cur-
rent from the Gulf stream.
The geographic distribution which we gave in 1920 was incomplete,
and we believe it useful to give it anew, adding some bathymetric
notes.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813 and D. 2815.
Geographic distribution.—EKastern Atlantic: Guernsey, 16 meters,
and the shores of Calvados, France, in the English Channel; Ma-
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER 15
deira, in shallow water; Cape Verde Island, 110-180 meters. West-
ern Atlantic: Beaufort, South Carolina; Tortugas, 8-24 meters;
Gulf of Mexico at Habana, 98-325 meters and Florida, 41-97 meters.
Indian Ocean: Amirante, 37-137 meters; Saya de Malha, 47-202
meters; Wasin, British East Africa, 16 meters; Mauritius; Tizard
Banks, China Sea, 43 meters. Pacific: Philippines at Jolo, Sulu
Sea, 30 meters, in the Celebes Sea, 372 meters and 11.6° C. and at
Anima Solo, 170 meters and 17.2° C. (specimens all dead) ; Murray
Islands, Torres Strait, 24-32 meters; Port Phillips Heads, Australia;
Sifu, Loyalty Islands; Galapagos Islands, 54-65 meters.
Cat. No. 8471, U.S.N.M.
Family GALEOPSIDAE Jullien, 1903
Genus SEMIHASWELLIA Canu and Bassler, 1917
SEMIHASWELLIA SULCOSA, new species
Plate 10, Figures 4-8
Description.—The zoarium is free, branching dichotomously at
intervals usually of 5 to 7 mm. The zooecia are indistinct, gigantic;
the frontal is formed by a very thick epitheca ornamented with very
deep longitudinal sulci at the bottom of which are large vacuoles
rather close together. The peristome is long, cylindrical, salient,
oblique. ‘The peristome is thick, sharp edged, orbicular. ‘The aper-
ture is buried at the bottom of the peristomie. The ascopore is
tubular, salient, oriented toward the proximal zooecium.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2815.
Holotype.—Cat. No. 8514, U.S.N.M.
HOLOPORELLA TRIDENTICULATA Busk, 1881
Plate 7, Figures 2, 3
1881. Cellepora iridenticulata BusK, Note on the chitinous organs in the Cheilo-
stomata, Journal Linnean Society, vol. 15, p. 347, pl. 26, fig. 9.
1884. Cellepora tridenticulata BusK, Challenger, p. 188, pl. 29, fig. 3; pl. 35, fig.
17 (operculum).
1885. Cellepora tridenticulata Waters, Aldinga, Quarterly Journal Geological
Society, vol. 41, p. 306.
1886. Cellepora tridenticulata MacGiLiivraAy, Prodromus Zoology Victoria
decade 13, p. 110, pl. 128, fig. 3.
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 76
1887. Cellepora tridenticulata Waters, On Tertiary Bryozoa from New Zealand,
Quarterly Journal Geological Society, vol. 43, p. 68.
1890. Cellepora tridenticulata KirKparrick, Hydroida and Polyzoa, Torres
Straits, Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society, vol. 6, p. 612.
1895. Cellepora tridenticulata MacGILLvRAyY, A monograph of Tertiary Polyzoa
of Victoria, Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria, p. 107, pl. 14,
figs. 4-6.
Measurements.—
ha=0.14—0.16 mm. é ; |
Apertura )7,—( 160.90 mm. Diameter of tubes, 0.30 mm.
Variations—The species of the tridenticulata group are quite
variable and easy to confuse among themselves. The published fig-
ures of Holoporella tridenticulata are incomplete, and it is rather
difficult to get an exact idea of the species. Fortunately, the pub-
lished determinations having been made by actual comparison of
specimens, the bibliography is exact.
The apertural width is 0.16—-0.20 mm. measured on the same large
zoarium. It is about 0.16 mm. on fossil specimens from the Bal-
combian of Muddy Creek, Australia, and on the recent examples of
Busk, 1884, while the one from Australia (Waters, 1885) shows 0.20
mm. The aperture is always transverse.
The lyrule and the two cardelles are very resistant, rather large,
sometimes bifurcated. They disappear only by mutilation after
death. Even on the fossils they persist sufficiently to permit deter-
mination. Our specimens did not have oral spines. There are two
on Busk’s figure, 1884, and two to four on those of MacGillivray,
1886; they are often lacking on the fossils from Australia.
The surface of the cell is smooth. It is granular as figured by
Busk, 1884, and MacGillivray, 1886, but on the fossils from Australia
it is smooth or granular. The areolar pores are large, rare, and very
irregularly distributed. They are more numerous and more regular
on the fossils from Australia. There are none on the recent speci-
mens figured by Busk and by MacGillivray. There is not a single
interzooecial avicularium. Waters, 1885, said that ‘they were very
rare. Busk, 1884, found and figured the mandible on a recent speci-
men from Australia. On our fossils from Australia they were very
numerous and never elliptical. Although variable, they are generally
long, narrow, a little constricted in the middle of their length.
Sporadically, between the zooecia, long cylindric tubes spring forth
on which there is neither operculum nor denticles. This is the first
time that they have been figured. Busk, 1884, noted them thus:
“Another curious feature is the frequent occurrence on the surface
of the zoarium of long tubular processes‘or tunnels, looking like enor-
mously elongated zooecia. The nature of these appendages appears
very obscure.” MacGillivray (1886 and 1895) did not rediscover
them on his specimens recent or fossil. They are observed only on
ArT, 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER Al
the large colonies. The colonies are massive, mammillated, more or
less expanded, thickened, the largest measuring 3 centimeters in
diameter. On the inferior face, they appear to be formed of super-
posed lamellae; the section does not confirm this appearance; these
pseudolamellae are only foliaceous expansions emitted by the colony
probably for the purpose of general consolidation. The same phe-
nomenon is noted by MacGillivray, 1895, in the variety nummularia,
but the concentric ridges cited by the author do not indicate at all in
section true superposed lamellae.
Busk, 1884, indicated a free, lamellar zoarium. MacGillivray, 1886,
observed only small incrusting colonies. Fossil specimens from
Australia have small incrusting colonies. The variety numullaria is
formed of free specimens, more or less globular, but of small dimen-
sions. Waters, 1885, indicates colonies of 25 millimeters among the
fossils of Aldinga. These variations are habitual in the Cellepores,
for the hazards of their precarious life causes them to die at all ages.
The operculum has very thick margins; the lateral bands are dis-
cerned with difficulty. We are not certain of our restoration. Busk,
1881, appears to have encountered the small difficulties, for his oper-
culum is incomplete. New preparations are very desirable.
Biology.—The colonies have a brown ectocyst. The ovicell has
never been discovered but it has been observed on another species ‘of
the same group. The sporadic salient tubes also have an unknown
zoarial function. When this species is better known it will certainly
reveal to us a curious biologic history.
From inspection of the colonies it is a species both fixed and float-
ing. ‘The floating specimens hang directly to algae or to nullipores,
themselves attached to floating algae. A substratum so inconstant
and mobile can support only free colonies irregularly developed.
The lamellar expansions of the inferior face are simply a sort of
clamp destined to better fix the colony to its substratum. Only the
specimens collected with their substratum have a bathymetric value.
The small denticles of the apertural poster (lyrule and cardelles)
are identical with those of Smittina, Porella, Mucronella, and
Petralia. Their function must be identical, namely, to limit the
movement of the operculum and to block it when it is closed. ‘This
is an equatorial species.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2815.
Geographic distribution.—Pacific: Cape York (8 fathoms), Port
Phillip Head and Warnamboul in Australia (Busk, MacGillivray) ;
Torres Strait, 15-20 fathoms (Kirkpatrick).
Geologic distribution—Miccene of Australia and New Zealand
(Waters, MacGillivray).
Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 8515, U.S.N.M.
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 76
Genus OSTHIMOSIA Jullien, 1888
OSTHIMOSIA ANATINA, new species
Plate 7, Figures 48
Description.—The zoarium is free, ramose, with branches rather
regularly cylindrical or compressed. The zooecia are irregularly
erect and oriented. The frontal is smooth or very slightly granulose,
surrounded by areolar pores. The aperture is terminal, suborbicular,
very little elongated; the rimule is wide, rounded, shallow, and is
partially hidden by a large
very salient avicularian
umbo_ with semicircular
mandible. The ovicell is
large, globular, perforated
N 2 Cc
D
by large pores arranged in
quincunx, not closed by the
operculum. The interzooe-
FIGURE 9.—OSTHIMOSIA ANATINA, NEW SPECIES. A, cial avicularia are large
OPERCULUM, X 85, WITH ITS TWO SMALL MUSCU- f : ee
LAR ATTACHMENTS. B—D, MANDIBLES, X 85, B, OF long, salient, oval, without
ple ENT ERLOOnCHL AVICULARIUM, oy AN pivot, with two condyles for
RMAL INTERZOOECIAL AVICULARIUM; AND D, . .
OF AN INTHRZOORCIAL avicuLarium wirn puck. the rotation of the mandi-
BILL FORM ble; the orifice is formed by
a narrow, elongated, oval proximal opisium and a very much en-
larged distal calcified area; the mandible is large with duck-bill form.
The umbo of the deep zooecia projects between the superficial zooecia
in the form of small cylindrical, avicularian tubes.
M easurements.—
Lav=0.60 mm.
lav=0.80 mm.
ha=0.16 mm. ' ;
Apertura) 7,—09014 mm. Large avicularia
Affinities —The interzooecial avicularia are large or small; our
measurements are the maximum and are those of the avicularian
chamber itself and not that of the orifice.
The avicularian beak measures 0.50 by 0.20 mm. on the well-pre-
served specimens. It much resembles in this feature, as also in the
frontal, with areolar pores, Cellepora eatoniensis Busk, 1881. Os-
thimosia anatina differs in its perforated ovicells (and not smooth
according to Waters, 1904). It differs again from Cellepora cylin-
driformis Busk, 1884, from the Cape of Good Hope and from Aus-
tralia, which it resembles very much in its avicularium and its per-
forated ovicell, by the presence of areolar pores. The areolar pores
not only are hidden by the ectocyst, but they are not visible on the
incompletely calcified living specimens. A single specimen pre-
served the base which is orbicular and little expanded. The sub-
stratum is unknown.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER 43
The genus Schismopora and Osthimosa are poorly defined by
the perforation of the ovicells; the frontal calcification appears to
furnish the better distinctive character.
Biology—We have observed specimens living and ovicelled in
April, 1888.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813 and D. 2815.
Cotypes—Cat. Nos. 8516, 8517, U.S.N.M.
Genus HIPPOPORIDRA Canu and Bassler, 1927
HIPPOPORIDRA GRANULOSA, new species
Plate 8, Figures 1, 2
Description—The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are
oriented or cumulate. The oriented zooecia are distinct, separated by
a furrow, ovoid, a little elongated; the frontal is quite granular,
convex, surrounded by scattered areolar pores. The aperture is small,
elongated, and formed of a large circular anter and of a very small
rounded poster, surmounted by six distal spines. In the vicinity of
the aperture there is sometimes a small avicularium of inconstant
form and position. The cumulate zooecia are erect and form very
salient verrucosities. The operculum bears two sinuous bands.
Measurements.—
kal _ {ha=0.12 mm. _ {Z2=0.40-0.50 mm.
pertura) 7,—0,07-0.09 mm. 4°12) 72=0,30-0.35 mm.
Variations—The width of the aperture is rather variable; it has
in consequence a great variability in the operculum. On a dozen of
opercula visible in our preparation not one is exactly similar to the
other, but all, however, have their two characteristic sinuous bands.
There are no dietellae.
Affinities—This species is very well characterized by its frontal
granules and the large number of oriented zooecia. We have not
observed the large interzooecial avicularia as in Hippoporidra bran-
coensis Calvet, 1907, and Hippoporidra edax Smitt, 1873.
Our specimen was living but very incomplete, since it did not show
an ovicell. It incrusts the two sides of a shell; the cumulate cells are
arranged only on the edge of the shell. The latter then must have
been attached to some more or less floating tuft and did not live on
the bottom when dredged.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Holotype.—Cat. No. 8518, U.S.N.M.
Genus HIPPOTREMA Canu and Bassler, 1927
HIPPOTREMA(?) SPICULIFERA, new species
Plate 8, Figures 3-5
Description—The zoarium is free, cylindrical, branching or in
thick fronds. The zooecia are cumulate, small, oblique; the frontal
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
bears scattered pores and three to four very salient spicules, erect,
almost cylindrical. The aperture is elliptical, little elongated; two
small cardelles separate a large anter from a small poster of the
same width; three to five long and very fine spines. The interzooe-
cial avicularia are long, large, salient with pivot; the mandible is
very narrow.
Measurements.—
' ha=0.12 mm. : _ {Lav=0.20-0.30 mm.
Apertura) 74-010 mm, AVicularia) jyy— 0.14-0.16 mm.
Diameter of spicules=0.04—0.06 mm.
Structure.—Our colonies do not have their base. The ectocyst is
thick and hides the frontal pores. The large avicularia are oriented
in every direction; they are nu-
merous at places and rare at
others. The mandible is narrow,
@ ( \ ( longitudinally convex, which
makes it appear much in a spe-
A B c D
cial preparation.
K'tGuRE 10.—HIPPoTREMA AND HIPPOPORIDRA, The spicules form an orna-
Sa Ng Ae Mina agy eesti te mental system particular to this
OPERCULA, X 85, AND (, MANDIBLE OF AN S)Pe€CI1€S. They are sometimes hol-
AVICULARIUM, X 85. D, OPHRCULUM, X 85 low. The opercu l um has the
OF HIPPOPORIDRA GRANULOSA, NEW SPECIES z
form of the aperture. Two luci-
das indicate the place of the cardelles; there are two lateral rectilinear
bands very near the border. It is thick, much chitinized, light colored.
Affinities —This is a very original species with no analogy with
the known species. It differs from Lepralia brancoensis Calvet, 1907,
from the Cape Verde Islands in the presence of frontal spicules and
in a different operculum with no lateral contraction.
Biology.—Our specimens were living but not ovicelled on April
7-9, 1888.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813 and D, 2815.
Cotypes.—Cat. No. 8519, U.S.N.M.
Suborder HEXAPAGONA Canu and Bassler, 1927
Family CHAPERIDAE Jullien, 1888
Genus CHAPERIA Jullien, 1881
CHAPERIA CONDYLATA, new species
Plate 9, Figures 1-3
Description —The zoarium incrusts dead bryozoa and nullipores.
The zooecia are distinct, separated by a salient mural rim, ogival,
with transverse aspect. The mural rim bears six large distal spines
with a black articulation. The cryptocyst is deep and smooth and
art. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER Ad
supports an avicularium placed in a proximal angle. The opesium
is suborbicular and restricted laterally by two large condyles. ‘The
ovicell is large, salient, smooth, marginated proximally, with a very
large orifice; it is often decorated by one or two avicularia in which
the beak is always turned inferiorily. The avicularia are long, thin,
triangular, without pivot; when there is one only it is placed trans-
versely, but when there are two their beak is oriented distally.
Measurements.
Ones ho=0. 15-0. 20 mm. Vee ae Lz=0.40-0.40 mm.
P lo=0. 20-0. 23 mm. ~ Iz=0.45 mm.
Lav=0. 20-0. 25 mm.
Avicularium | lav=0.10 mm.
Affinities —In its exterior aspect this resembles Uhaperia annulus
Manzoni, 1875, very much, but differs from it in the presence of two
condyles to the opesium, in having six spines and not four, in the
simple spines (and never bifurcated), in the avicularia irregularly
oriented and never placed in the median axis of the zooecium, and in
the frequent occurrence of two avicularia on the ovicell. It differs
from Chaperia galeata Busk, 1854, in the absence of bifurcated
spines. Moreover, this species is rather poorly known because of the
erroneous interpretations of the figures by the authors. Its bibli-
ography must be revised entirely.
Biology.—The colonies are a deep purple or a beautiful red violet.
In life they are always covered with dirt and never have the beau-
tiful aspect of the published figures. Their numerous spines retain
a large number of small particles of all kinds, calcareous, argilla-
ceous, and sandy, with small foraminifera developed among them.
The operculum itself is not free. The chitinous sponges erect their
first filaments here which seems to indicate a much restrained mo-
bility of the spines. Also the immediate determination is absolutely
impossible, for an army of small dirty sticks only is visible. Wash-
ing in Javelle water is absolutely necessary in order to discover the
other characters, whereupon the cells appear with an incomparable
richness of ornamentation, the usual indication of calm waters.
The action of the avicularium is absolutely incomprehensible and
their inversion on the ovicells does not give us any information.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2815.
Cotypes.—Cat. No. 8250, U.S.N.M.
Family MAMILLOPORIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1927
Genus MAMILLOPORA Smitt, 1873
MAMILLOPORA CUPULA Smitt, 1873
We have observed 15 very small dead colonies. We have studied
equally small colonies from the Gulf of Mexico, but they are much
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 76
more rare. The species has apparently degenerated in the Pacific
since the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Cat. No. 8521, U.S.N.M.
Order CYCLOSTOMATA Busk
Family DIASTOPORIDAE Gregory, 1899
Forma PROBOSCINA Audouin, 1826
PROBOSCINA LAMELLIFERA, new species
Plate 11, Figures 1, 2
Description.—The zoarium incrusts shells and is formed of sinuous
branches joined together by a smooth calcareous lamella. The tubes
are indistinct, short, serrated, and terminated by a long peristomie
perpendicular to the zoarial plane.
Measurements.—Diameter or orifice, 0.12 mm.; diameter of peris-
tome, 0.16-0.18 mm.; internal separation of tubes, 0.20-0.30 mm.;
width of branches, 1.5 mm.
Affinities —This arrangement of the branches on a calcareous
lamella, cellular because of decortication, is quite special and very
characteristic. It has been observed only on the fossils, notably on
Idmonea hagenowit Sharpe, 1854, from the English Cenomanian, and
on Z'ubulipora biduplicata Waters, 1887, from the Miocene of New
Zealand. It is interesting to rediscover in the recent seas a feature
observed in the ancient seas, permitting an explanation of the struc-
ture. Unfortunately the number of our specimens was too small for
a detailed study by thin sections.
It is necessary to note the special arrangement of the peristomes;
they are oriented not longitudinally as in true Proboscina but ob-
liquely toward the zoarial margins as in Jdmonea.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Holotype.—Cat. No. 8522, U.S.N.M.
Family ONCOUSOECIIDAE Canu, 1918
Genus ONCOUSOECIA Canu, 1918
ONCOUSOECIA (PROBOSCINA) MAJOR Johnston, 1847
1884. Stomatopora major Hinxcxs, Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands, Annals
and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 10, p. 204 (sep. 33).
1889. Stomatopora major JELLY, A synonymie Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa,
p. 257 (bibliography).
1900. Tubulipora (Stomatopora) major NEvIANI, Bryozoi neogenici della Cala-
brie, Paleontographica italica, vol. 6, p. 285 (sep. 121) (local bibliog-
raphy).
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER AZ
1905. Tubulipora (Stomatopora) major NEvIANI, Bryozoi fossili di Carrubare,
Calabria, Bolletino della Societe geologica italiana, vol. 23, p. 548
(sep. 48), fig. 18 (ovicell).
1907. Stomatopera major CatvetT, Bryozoaires des Expeditions scientifique du
Travailleur et du Talisman, p. 461 (bibliography).
1912. Stomatopora major NorpGAarpD, Revision av universitets museets samling
av norske Bryozoer. Kgl. norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skriften, No.
Subs 14:
1923. Stomatopora major H. and HE. O’DonocHuE, A preliminary list of Polyzoa
from the Vancouver Islands Region. Contributions to Canadian Biology,
new series, vol. 1, p. 11.
Measurements.—Diameter of orifice, 0.14-0.18 mm.; diameter of
peristome, 0.20-0.24 mm.; distance of orifices, 0.80-1.20 mm.; diam-
eter of tubes, 0.30-0.40 (max.) mm.
Variations—The peristomie (that is to say, the portion free from
the tubes) is here very erect and almost perpendicular to the rampant
surface. Calvet has noted the variations. On the rampant portion
the tubes are separated by a furrow or by a little salient thread. The
peristome is thin or thick.
The branches are arched and formed of 1, 2, or 3 rows of tubes.
Our specimens were dead and incrusted shells and Cellepores.
Biology.—This species has been observed in the Pacific by only
two authors. Hincks (Queen Charlotte Island) and O’Donoghue
(Northumberland Channel). Its geographic extension appears
rather great, since we have found it in the equatorial belt.
In the Atlantic region it is a species of the temperate zone and of
the Mediterranean. But it extends, however, almost to the Cape
Verde Islands in the equatorial zone, so that its discovery in the
Galapagos Islands is not astonishing. Moreover its paleontologic
distribution justifies its geographic extension. However, the fossils
found by Waters, 1887, in New Zealand appear too small. The
diameter of 0.12 mm. is observed sometimes on certain recent colonies,
but always among the much larger tubes. The species lives very
rarely on algae.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 28138.
Geographic distribution—Atlantic: shores of England, 23-170
fathoms; Gulf of Gascogny, 135-180 meters; English Channel to
Roscof; shores of Norway at Bergen and at Bongostrommen; Cape
Spartel, Morocco, 717 meters; Pico-Fayol; Azores, 80-130 meters;
Saint Vincent, Cape Verde Islands, 21 meters. Mediterranean: Cor-
sica on the coast from Rousse Island and to Bastia, 40 meters; Vil-
lefranche-sur-Mer; Toulon. Pacific: Queen Charlotte Islands, Ga-
briola and Northumberland Channel, 15-40 fathoms.
Geologic distribution—Miocene, Astian, Sicilian and Quaternary
of Italy.
Cat. No. 8523, U.S.N.M.
AS PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 76
Family MECYNOECIIDAE Canu, 1918
Genus MICROECIA Canu, 1918
MICROECIA TUBIABORTIVA, new species
Plate 8, Figures 6, 7
Description—The zoarium incrusts shells. The primitive Beren-
icea form gives rise to palmate or rectilinear fronds. The tubes
are little distinct, very little convex, smooth, irregularly arranged;
the peristomies are very short and oblique. The orifice is orbicular;
the peristome is thin. Aborted tubes, visible or invisible, form
irregular spots on the colonial surface. The ovicell is small, orbic-
ular, little convex, perforated by a small oeciopore.
Measurements—Diameter of orifice, 0.10 mm.; diameter of peris-
tome, 0.14 mm.; distance of orifices, 0.44 mm. (variable) ; separation
of orifices, 0.16—0.24 mm.
A ffinities—The colony is very irregular in appearance because the
fronds rising from the primitive Berenicea form are irregular in
dimensions. This mode of ramification of the branches is rather rare
and very well characterizes this species.
The large, smooth, wregular spaces distributed between the tubes
on the zoarial surface are occupied in reality by aborted tubes. They
are altogether invisible or simply indicated by salient threads or,
more rarely, visible but closed by a lamella. We are absolutely igno-
rant of the utility of this structure.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Holotype.—Cat. No. 8524, U.S.N.M.
Family PLAGIOECIIDAE Canu, 1918
Genus PLAGIOECIA Canu, 1918
PLAGIOECIA LACTEA Calvet, 1903, variety
Plate 11, Figures 7, 8
1903. Diastopora lactea CatveT in JULLIBN and Catvet, Eryozoaires provenant
des Campagnes de l’Hirondelle, p. 163, pl. 18, fig. 4 (Guli of Gascogny,
43° 37’ N.; long. 99° 27’ 300 meters, on hydroids).
1907. Diastopora lactea CaAtvet, Bryozoaires des expeditions scientifiques du
Travailleur et du Talisman, p. 466 (Cape Spadel, Morocco, 717 meters
on Lophohelia).
Measurements.—Diameter of orifice, 0.08 mm.; diameter of peris-
tome, 0.10—0.12 mm.; distance of tubes, 0.40-0.50 mm.; external sepa-
ration of tubes, 0.40-0.50 mm.
A ffinities—Our specimen differs from those from the Gulf of Gas-
cogny in the less numerous cells on the border and :n the presence of
art. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER 49
tubes closed by a calcareous lamella with median tubule. The dimen-
sions are identical, the colony is also free and pedunculated, and we
were able to observe the same concentric striae and the same ovicells.
The same closures with median tubules are commonly observed in
Plagioecia sarniensis Norman, 1864; but the tubes are much more
slender than in our species.
It is often very difficult to discover characters really specific in the
Cyclostomata, and we do not believe a new species should be created
with characters so little different from those assigned by Calvet to
his Diastopora lactea.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2818.
Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 8525, U.S.N.M.
Family DIAPEROECIIDAE Canu, 1918
Genus DIAPEROECIA Canu, 1918
DIAPEROECIA STRIATULA, new species
Plate 11, Figures 3-6
Description —The zoarium is orbicular and incrusts shells or alge.
The tubes are indistinct, immersed in a concentricaily striated crust.
The peristomie is salient, short, very oblique; the orifice is orbicular
or somewhat elliptical; the peristome is thin. The ovicell is a long,
transverse, salient sack perforated by tubes, more often placed near
the zoarial margin.
Measurements—Diameter of orifice, 0.08 mm.; diameter of peris-
tome, 0.12 mm.; distance of orifices, 0.30-0.40 mm.; internal separa-
tion of orifices, 0.30-0.34 mm.
A finities—This species bears concentric striae like Microecia sub-
orbicularis, with tubes closed by a lamella with tubule like Plagioecia
sarniensis Norman, 1864, and closely approximated cells as in Diasto-
pora congesta Busk, 1875. It is nevertheless distinctly different from
these three species in the ensemble of its characters and In its meas-
urements.
If the substratum is very regular, the peristomies are of equal size;
they are on the contrary very irregular if the substratum is irregular
and much elongated in the more sheltered parts. This is the rule,
moreover, in all the Cyclostomata.
The basal lamella is broad, very fragile, and is frequently lacking
on the dead colonies.
This species is clearly distinct from Plagioecia lactea Calvet, 1903,
not only in the nature of its ovicell but also in the more closely ar-
ranged orifices. This form of ovicell perforated by the tubes is rather
common both in the recent seas and in the fossils since the Cretaceous.
61589—29——_4
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 76
It is deprived of an oeciostome, and we do not still understand the
method of escape of the larvae. It may be necessary to create a spe-
cial genus, for in true iaperoecia there is a fine submedian and
salient oeciostome.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Cotypes.—Cat. No. 8526, U.S.N.M.
DIAPEROECIA SUBPAPYRACEA, new species
Plate 12, Figures 1-4
Description.—The zooecium is discoidal, simple or composite, sur-
rounded by a very thick, wide, and porous margin. ‘The tubes are
little distinct, with a short and very oblique peristomie; the peris-
tomes are thick, round, or oval, very close together, arranged in
quincunx on the young colonies but in radial very irregular rows on the
old zoaria. The ovicell is located on the zoarial margin; it is long,
convex, fusiform, perforated by tubes, often closed by a calcareous
lamella.
Measurements Diameter of orifice, 0.08 mm.; diameter of peris-
tome, 0.11 mm.; maximum diameter of colonies, 7.5 mm.
Affinities.—This species is the perfect representation of Actinopora
papyracea D’Orbigny, 1852,' from the Maastrichtian of Meudon near
Paris. If we can not make the comparison complete, it is because the
ovicell of the fossil is unknown.
Biology.—When two colonies are coalescent they never cover each
other but arise from two different larvae. It is not rare, even in the
Cheilostomata to see many colonies on the same shell for they arise
from the same swarm of larvae which seem to travel together.
It is most remarkable to note, as in Figure 1, larvae from an un-
known colony fix themselves on the same substratum at almost the
same place so that colonies are superposed. On our figures we can
note that the larvae arrived here for five years or seasons with an
almost mathematical precision. Moreover, in order that there be
superposition, it is necessary that the inferior zoarium be dead. Such
a small disk is born, grows, and dies the same year. We have here a
good example to evaluate the length of the zoarial life. This species
is not only interesting because of its archaic aspect: but also it reveals
the voyage of the larvae in swarms and the duration of the zoarial
development.
The ovicell belongs to the group of Diaperoecia without oeciostome.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Cotypes.—Cat. No. 8527, U.S.N.M.
1 Bryoz. Cret., pl. 648, figs. 12-14.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA-——-CANU AND BASSLER 51
DIAPEROECIA MEANDRINA, new species
Plate 12, Figures 5-9
Description.—The zoarium is free, formed of bilamellar, reticulated
fronds, forming a meandriform ensemble with all the basal lamellee
oriented superiorily and exteriorily. The tubes are little distinct,
striated transversely; the peristomes are thin, elliptical or orbicular,
very little salient on the fronds, very long in the vicinity of the
basal lamella. The ovicell is a long, elongated sack, elliptical, very
FIGURE 11.—DIAPEROECIA MEANDRINA, NEW SPECIES. A, LONGITUDINAL SECTION,
X 16, THROUGH A BRANCH MADE IN THE ZOARIAL AXIS BUT NOT PARALLEL TO THE
DIRECTION OF THE TUBES. THE GEMMATION HAS THE APPEARANCE OF TRIPARIETAL
ALONE. B, LONGITUDINAL SECTION, X 18, MADE IN THE DIRECTION OF CERTAIN
TUBES WHERE THE DORSAL GEMMATION IS SOMEWHAT APPARENT. C, PORTION OF
THE SAME SECTION, X 55, SHOWING THE MONILIFORM STRUCTURE OF THE WALL.
D, TRANSVERSE SECTION, X 16, EXHIBITING THE DOUBLE MEDIAN LAMELLA AND
THE TWO BERENICOID LOBES GROWING BACK TO BACK AND BECOMING FREE, THE
TUBES ARE CYLINDRICAL AND SEPARATED BY A CALCAREOUS TISSUE
salient, perforated by the tubes, arranged parallel to the zoarial
margin.
Structure—The colony is a true Reticulipora so often observed in
the Cretaceous formations. The ovicells alone are different.2. The
development of the zoarium is identical with that of Diaperoecia
dorsalis Waters, 1879, of which we have indicated the different phases
in 1925.* It is at first sight an ordinary Berenicea with two lobes
developing in a different plane remaining back to back and their
median lamella oriented superiorily and developed laterally.
The branches are formed in an identical fashion and the basal
lamella, now median, is quite visible in our figure. As they are very
2Canu and Bassler, Les Bryozoaires du Maroc et du Mauritanie, Memoires de la
National Museum, vol. 61, p. 29, pl. 5, figs. 9-12.
3Tdem, p. 67, pl. 9, figs. 1-16.
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 76
compressed, their dorsal—that is to say, the side opposite the basal
lamella—is very narrow and the tubes there are visible in part of
their length. The peristomes are grouped in transverse rows but
oriented obliquely in the direction of the latter. The tubes in their
length are curved almost at right angles to the basal lamella.
The longitudinal section indicates cylindrical tubes with triparietal
gemmation. But it is a deceiving indication, this section not being
made in the same direction as the tubes. The mode of gemmation
is indicated, on the contrary, by the meridional section and is in
reality dorsal as in the other Diastoporas. The walls of the tubes
are vesicular as in Heteropora claviformis Waters, 1904. The base
of a rather large colony is small, suborbicular; it is the primitive
Berenicea form in which the concentric striae may be seen (fig, 6).
The first branches arise a little farther away on the same substratum
in order to give solidity to the ensemble. In reality Reticulipora
is formed only of free branches of an encrusting colony. We have
not yet observed the oeciostome on the ovicell of this species. It is
not yet a true Dzaperoecia.
Occurrence-—Galapagos Islands, D. 2815.
Cotypes.—Cat. No. 8528, U.S.N.M.
DIAPEROECIA FLABELLATA Canu and Bassler, 1923
1923. Diaperoecia flabellata CaANu and Basster, Later Tertiary and Quater-
nary Bryozoa of North America, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 125, p. 202,
pl. 18, figs. 18, 19.
Our specimens are simple, bifurcated, dead fragments. They are
ovicelled. The tubes are grouped in linear series somewhat more
accentuated than on our figures of 1923. This isa typical Diaperoecia
with oeciostome on the nonmarginal ovicell.
Occurrence —Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Cat. No. 8529, U.S.N.M.
Family TUBULIPORIDAE Johnston, 1838
Genus TUBULIPORA Lamark, 1816
TUBULIPORA, species
Plate 14, Figure 6
The small figured specimen incrusts a shell. It does not coincide
exactly with any published figure. The bundles have three tubes at
most. The peristome measures approximately 0.12 mm. and the
orifice 0.08 mm. The oeciostome is a tube smaller than the others,
little salient with transverse orifice.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2815.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER 53
TUBULIPORA TUBULIFERA Lamouroux, 1821
Plate 14, Figures 1-4
1821. Obelia tubwlifera LAMouUROUX, Exposition methodique des genres de Poly-
piers, p. 80, pl. 8, fig. 8 (Mediterranean).
1870. Idmonea serpens MANzontI, Bryozoi fossili italiani; quarto contribuzione.
Sitz. der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften, p. 27, pl. 6, fig. 22 (linear
form) (Sicilian of Italy).
1905. Idmonea serpens NEVIANI, Bryozoi fossili di Carrubare, Bollettino Societa
geologica Italiana, vol. 23, p. 547 (45), fig. 16 (ovicell) (Sicilian of
Italy).
1922. Idmonea serpens WATERS, On mediterranian Tervia and Idmonea, Annals
and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, vol. 10, p. 18, pl. 2, figs. 3, 5, 8,
10 (ovicelli) (Naples, Rapallo, Menton, San Remo, Saint-Raphael, on
Posidonia and algze).
1925. Idmonea serpens CANU and BASsLER, Les Bryozoaires du Maroc et de
Mauritanie, Mémoires do la Société des Sciences naturelles du Maroc,
vol. 10, p. 68 (Shores of Morocco).
Measurements—Diameter of orifice, 0.08 mm.; width of lines
(peristome), 0.12—0.14 mm.; interior separation, 0.20-0.30 mm.; di-
ameter of oeciopore,
0.08 mm.; diameter of
oeciostome, 0.14 mm.;
number of tubes to the
fascicle, 4; diameter of
protoecium, 0.16 mm.
(Waters).
On the dorsal the
tubes are cylindrical.
The oeciopore is ellip- Ficure 12.—TUBULIPORA TUBULIFERA LAMOUROUX. A, Ex-
F : Ss AMPLE, X 2. B, SKETCH SHOWING SELVAGE. (C, SPECI-
tical, nonsalient ; it is MEN WITH OVICELL, X 12. D, AN OVICHLLED EXAMPLE
the first tube of a fasci- SHOWING TWO OECIOSTOMES. RECENT, ST. RAPHAEL AND
1 The frie ie NAPLES (AFTER WATERS, 1922), AS T. SHRPENS)
cle. (a2 b
Neviani, 1905, is perfectly correct, and we reproduce it. The tubes of
the same fascicle are not always rigorously adjacent; theysappear
then interrupted. The micrometric measurements taken from the
figures of Waters, 1922, correspond almost to ours.
The colonies are very variable and exhibit triangular, rounded,
and bifurcated lobes; the linear forms are short and rare.
Affinities —This species differs from 7'ubulipora liliacea Harmer,
1898, in its smaller orifice (0.08 mm. and not 0.10 mm.), in its inter-
rupted fascicles, in the elliptical form of its oeciostome, and its smaller
and more slender colonies.
The specimen figured by Busk, 1875, shows analogous dimen-
sions, and it is probably the Mediterranean species.
#Catalog Marine Bryozoa, vol. 2, p. 29, pl. 22.
54. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
We have reviewed the specimens collected in the Atlantic region.
With the aspect of the figure of Z’wbulipora liliacea Harmer, 1898,
it shows the small micrometric measurements of the Mediterranean
species. It is not at all the Atlantic species dredged in the more
northern regions.
Historical—Harmer, 1898 (p. 96), was the first to separate Obelia
tubulifera Lamowroux, 1821, from the long synonymy erroneously
given by Smitt in 1867 and by Miss Jelly in 1889, but he believed
it identical with his Z’ubulipora phalangea, which in our opinion is
incorrect, as the oeciostomes are totally different.
The older authors made no use of micrometric measurements, and
as a result they made a large number of erroneous determinations
which are often very difficult to correct when one can not see the
figured specimens. All the specialists now know that perfectly dis-
tinct species of bryozoa can have absolutely identical zoarial aspects.
Biology.—Tubulipora tubulifera Lamouroux, 1821, lives princi-
pally on algae and is therefore a floating species. It is quite prolific
and its small colonies are often very numerous on the same sub-
stratum. When the latter is dead they persist because of their cal-
careous nature as free forms, but they soon die. The bathymetric
indications furnished by the specimens dredged dead have no value.
Occurrence.—Alascio and Porto d’Anzio, Italy.
TUBULIPORA, species
Plate 14, Figure 5
The small specimen figured incrusts a shell. Its oeciostome is
identical with that of the first species we have noted here. The
micrometric measurements are also very close, but the fascicles are
rare and bear only two tubes. The colony is not flabellate.
We can not be certain that these small colonies are completely
developed. Moreover, in this important genus, in which the species
are quite variable, we have not yet an absolute criterion for the
limitation of the species.
TUBULIPORA LILIACEA Harmer, 1898
Plate 13, Figures 1-10
1898. Tubulipora liliacea Harmer, On the development of Tubulipora, Quarterly
Journal Microscopical Science, vol. 41, p. 90, pl. 8, figs. 7-9 (Trondjhem,
Liverpool, St. Andrews Bay, on hydroids).
19038. Tubulipora liliacea NorpGaarp, Die Bryozoen, des westlichen Norwegens
Meeresfauna von Bergen, p. 99 (Hjeltefjord, 6-20 meters; Skjaergaard,
30-40 meters).
ArT, 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER 55
1905. Tubulipora liliacea Norpe@aarp, Hydrographical and biological investiga-
tions in Norwegian fiords, Bryozoa, Bergen Museum, p. 173 (Sag Fiord,
200 meters, on branches of Isidella hippuris; Malangen, 100-200 meters).
1912. Tubulipora liliacea NorpGAARD, Revision av universitets samling av norske
Bryozoer. Kgl norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skriften, no. 3, p. 14,
(Riser; Glesvaer; Manger; Flors; Bognostrommen; Beran; Skarnsund,
Bedo, Hammerfest).
1912. Tubulipora liliacea Osspurn, Bryozoa of Woods Hole region, Bulletin
Bureau of Fisheries, vol. 30, p. 217, pl. 20, fig. 10 (Vineyard Sound,
Sow and Pigs Reef; Buzzards Bay near Robinson Hole; Woods Hole,
shallow water, 4-24 meters, on algae, hydroids, Bugula, shells).
1918. Tubulipora liliacea NorpGaarp, Bryozoa from the arctic regions, Tromso
Museums Aarshefter, vol. 40, p. 17 (between Lodingen and Kjollefjcrd
in Finmark, 30-200 meters on hydroids).
Measurements.—Diameter of orifice, 0.12-0.14 mm., diameter of
peristome, 0.16-0.20 mm.; internal distance (between the fascicles),
0.20-0.80 mm.; diameter of protoecium, 0.10—-0.16 mm.; diameter of
oeciostome, 0.16 mm; number of tubes, 5 to 8.
Structure and variations ——We have been able to examine a cer-
tain number of specimens of diverse origin, corresponding rigor-
ously to the figures of Harmer, 1898, and have given photographs
in order to prove the homogeneity of their characters. The latter are
essentially (1) violet color of the colonies, (2) the slight separa-
tion of the fascicles, (3) the continuity of the fascicles, never inter-
rupted, (4) the great thickness of the peristomes, and (5) the
presence of an oeciostome of the same diameter as the tubes but
arranged obliquely.
A specimen dredged from Rokall Bank, Scotland, shows a linear
basal portion on which the separation of the fascicles is somewhat
greater (0.40 mm.) The other specimens were, flabellate and
bifurcated.
Another specimen from the Atlantic dredged at LeCroissic,
France, is composed of four rectilinear branches arranged in a cross.
Its protoecium is very small, little apparent, with a diameter of
0.10 mm.
The specimen dredged in the English Channel at Etretat, France,
ig claviform. Its protoecium is a little swollen and measures 0.16
mm. in diameter.
All these characters are visible on the excellent figure of Osburn,
1910 (pl. 20, fig. 10), representing a specimen from Vineyard Sound,
Mass. The only difference is the isolation of a certain number of
tubes on the distal portion of the colony. But in the eastern Atlantic
we have not observed specimens so young. Moreover the author did
not indicate the enlargement of his figure. The oeciostome figured
is that of Zubulipora liliacea and not T. tubulifera Lamouroux,
1821. The Galapagos specimens are not exactly identical, as the
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
fascicles are not as wide and the oeciostome is larger. We consider
them provisionally as a new variety, ¢enwis.
Affinities —Tubulipora liliacea Harmer, 1898, is a species of the
northern part of the temperate zone and does not appear to descend
as far as the Gulf of Gascogny. It is there replaced in the Atlantic
and in the Mediterranean by Z'ubulipora tubulifera Lamouroux,
1821, which is a species more slender and less vigorous. As it has
been confused with Z'ubulipora serpens Linnaeus, 1758, we give a
new description.
In his synonymy of Tubulipora liliacea Pallas, 1756, Harmer adds
Tubulipora serpens Busk, 1875, Smitt, 1867, and Hincks, 1880. It
is difficult for us to accept this conclusion, as Busk’s figure of 1875,
in its micrometric measurements, indicates more the Mediterranean
species. The figures of Smitt, 1867, and of Hincks, 1880, indicate a
different species characterized by a more linear zoarial form and
especially by a greater internal separation of the fascicles, because
this varies from 0.40 mm. to 0.60 mm. Moreover, there are never
more than four tubes to the fascicle. In order not to change the
nomenclature perhaps it would be well to consider this third species
as the true 7'ubulipora serpens Linnaeus, 1758. We have not been
able to secure a sufficient number of specimens for an exact study,
but it is certain that our photographs do not have any relationship
with those published by Hincks, Busk, and Smitt.
Biology.—All our specimens of 7'ubulipora liliacea (Pallas) Har-
mer, incrust shells. A single specimen from Wissant (Pas-de-
Calais, France) incrusts a Sertularia. This is then not a floating
species like the Mediterranean species and the species of Smitt-
Hincks. Finally, observed on a solid substratum, it furnishes good
bathymetric indications.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2815.
Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 8530, U.S.N.M.
Family LICHENOPORIDAE Smitt, 1866
Genus LICHENOPORA Defrance, 1823
LICHENOPORA RADIATA Savigny-Audouin, 1826
1923. Lichenopora radiata CANu and Basser, North American Later Tertiary
and Quaternary Bryozoa, p. 204, pl. 44, fig. 10. (Bibliography, geo-
logic and geographic distribution.)
We have found only a single dead specimen. It is free and very
well preserved.
Biology.—This species is another evidence of the ancient commu-
nication between the Atlantic and the Pacific, for we have discovered
it also in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Philippines.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER 57
It lives rather frequently on floating alge, so that the bathymetric
indications which it can furnish are only relative.
Oceurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Cat. No. 8531, U.S.N.M.
DEFRANCIA STELLATA Reuss, 1847
Plate 14, Figures 7-12
1847. Defrancia stellata Reuss, Die fossilen polyparien des Wiener Tertiarbeck-
ens, Haidinger’s naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, vol. 2, p. 37, pl.
6, fig. 2.
1877. Defrancia stellata MANzoNI, I Briozoi fossili del Miocene d’Austria ed
Ungheria, II parte, Denkschriften der math. natur. Classe der k. Aka-
demie der Wissenschaften, vol. 33, p. 16, pl. 16, fig. 638.
Structure.—It is quite remarkable to rediscover in the recent seas
this European fossil. We have been able to compare the Galapagos
specimens with different fossil specimens from the Canu collection,
and the identity of the micrometric measurements is as exact as
possible.
In order to show the exactness of our determination we reproduce
at the same magnification fossil specimens. The only appreciable
difference is in the separation of the fascicles, which appears to be
slightly larger on the recent specimens.
The specimen from the Lower Miocene of El Amran, Algeria,
shows manifest traces of the basal lamella around each subcolony.
The orifice of the tubes is a little smaller (0.06 mm.). The specimens
found in the Friren collection are simply marked “ Helvetian”; the
exact bed is unknown. The fascicles are a little narrower, measur-
ing 0.16 mm.
The micrometric measurements of the specimen from the Sahelian
of Oran are exactly those shown in specimens from Galapagos.
The entire absence of the solid substratum indicates a special
adaptation to floating life. Indeed most of the Galapagos specimens
are attached to floating cellepores. The following table gives a
summary of the micrometric measurements :
; Diameter of
Bae of aes of fascicles atom
Mm. | Mm. Mm.
Recent: (Galapagos) Lit) 22-42 Fe seers 0.08 | 0. 18-0. 20 0. 06-0. 08
BUG paliammen tat cy pees Oke ae 0. 06 0. 20 0. 08
RVG hye unspin aces eye ae Sele ce) lana ey a eae 0. 06 0. 16 0. 06-0. 08
Se Lies ey BON eb a ae 0. 08 0. 16-0. 20 0. 08
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 76
It is possible that the recent species is different from the fossil
one, but in the present state of knowledge it is impossible to estimate
the importance of the separation of the fascicles on colonies. The
discovery of the ovicells would give perhaps a better character of
differentiation.
Our specimens are attached to corals, to nullipores, and to Celle-
pores. Their color is violet. They are formed of superposed sub-
colonies, forming short bifurcated branches. The superior subcolony
only remained alive; it is bordered by a wide, smooth basal lamella,
free or covering the inferior subcolony. The tubes are formed of two
or three rows of polygonal tubes; they are little salient and arranged
laterally. The cancelli(?) are numerous, with a diameter almost
equal to that of the tubes; they occupy all the superior part of the
colony and the space between the fascicles. On the dead slightly
worn specimens the fascicles are more visible and they then resemble
Cerioporas.
As the ovicell is not known, it is useless to attempt the proper
classification of this species, and it is preferable to leave it under the
primitive name. The rare simple colonies have the aspect of Lich-
enopora and the composite colonies have that of Tholopora or
Domo pora.
The synonymy given by Miss Jelly (p. 86) for Domopora stellata
is absolutely false. This author has confused the present species with
Coronopora truncata Fleming, 1828, which is a boreal species of the
Tubuliporidae and with another species of Jameson.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2815.
Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 8532, U.S.N.M.
CAVARIA PRAESENS, new species
Plate 9, Figures 7-9
Description.—The zoarium incrusts Cellepores and shells; it is sur-
rounded by a wide smooth, basal lamella, and emits short, cylindrical
fragments terminated by irregular pores and divided into two parts
by a very little salient diametrical lamella (basal lamella). The
tubes (invisible exteriorily) are in section, cylindrical, with dorsal
gemmation on the basal lamella covered at the extremity of their
length with moniliform walls. The peristome is thin, little salient.
The tubes are separated by irregular ramified mesopores, closed ex-
teriorily by a diaphragm more or less apparent.
Measurements.—Diameter of orifice, 0.14 mm.; diameter of peri-
stome, 0.18 mm.
Structure.—In spite of its complex appearance, the structure of
this species is very simple; it is a Berenicea, in which the peristomies
of the tubes are separated by mesopores. This Berenicea emits
art. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA—CANU AND BASSLER 59
fronds in the Diastopora form (double face), having the same char-
acter. This is the structure of a large number of Cretaceous fossils
classed by Gregory, 1899, in the Petaloporidae and Clausidae. The
old genus which corresponds most to our recent specimens is Cavaria
Hagenow, 1851, where we have also tubes with dorsal gemmation on
a basal lamella and separated by irregular mesopores. However, we
have cylindrical expansions and not hollow colonies with dia-
phragms.
As the ovicell is unknown we have adopted the genus of the old
zoarial nomenclature to classify this species in order not to create a
new term which might have to be eliminated after the discovery of
the ovicell.
On our recent specimens, as moreover on many of the fossils, may
be noted grouped on the same colony the forms Berenicea and Diasto-
» 4
x,
4
:
4 |g
i
FIGURE 13.—CAVARIA PRAESANS, NEW SPECIES. A, LONGITUDINAL SECTION
OF A CYLINDRICAL BRANCH, X 16, SHOWING THE TUBES ADJACENT TO THE
MEDIAN LAMELLA. B, TRANSVERSE SECTION, X 16, EXHIBITING THE CYLIN-
DRICAL TUBES AND THE MEDIAN LAMELLA. 'THE SMALL PORES ADJACENT TO
THE LAMELLAE ARE TUBES WHILE THE MINUTE DISSEMINATED PORES ARE
MESOPORES
pora. ‘The classification based on the zoarial form is perfectly useless,
as in the Cheilostomata.
Affinities —Exteriorily this species resembles 7’retocycloecia pel-
liculata Waters, 1879, in the presence of closed mesopores between the
peristomes. They differ in their internal structure. In Waters’s
species the gemmation is peripheral and the mesopores are subpa-
rietal, as shown in the sections of Waters, 1879, and Canu and Bass-
ler, 1920. Moreover, under the name of Heteropora pelliculata
several species have been confused. The exact determination of
species with mesopores can not be made without sections.
Biology.—Our specimens, having been separated from their sub-
stratum, prove that only they came from the depths indicated by
their surrounding. Moreover, they were dead. The zoarial surface
is wrinkled transversely. These wrinkles overlap on the closures of
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 76
the mesopores. There is, then, a kind of exterior calcification rather
difficult to understand on incomplete specimens.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813 and D. 2815.
Holotype.—Cat. No. 8533 U.S.N.M.
HETEROPORA, species
Plate 9, Figures 46
Our photograph shows two small incomplete colonies. ‘The peri-
stome is hardly salient and measures 0.10 mm. in diameter; it bears
a small distal visor (galea) directed toward the base of the colony, as
in certain Lichenoporas,; its orifice measures 0.08 mm. in diameter.
The peristomes are arranged in quincunx distant from each other
0.30 mm. and separated by smaller irregular polygonal pores.
The colony is bordered inferiorily by a smooth basal lamella little
enlarged, which appears to be the true zoarial margin.
Without ovicell or sections it was impossible for us to give an exact
idea of the structure of this species. It recalls certain Multicrescis of
the Cretaceous, and it would be interesting to make a detailed study
of it.
Occurrence.—Galapagos Islands, D. 2813.
Cat. No. 8534, U.S.N.M.
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EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Puate 1
Figs. 1, 2. Aplousina filum Jullien 1903 (p. 5).
1. Portion of the incrusting zoarium, X< 20, showing the small
zooecia with ectocyst and the endozooecial ovicell.
2. Surface of zoarium, X 20, with large zooecia covered by the
ectocyst. The opercular valve is wide but very short.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
38-7. Membrendoecium claustracrassum, new species (p. 7).
3. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, with little calcified zooecia
in immediate contact with the substratum.
4. Zooecia with ectocyst, X 20, showing the endozooecial
structure of the ovicells. The zooecium without ectocyst
is regenerated.
5. Ancestrular region, X 20.
6. Ectocysted zooecia, X 20, showing the large operculum of
the ovicelled zooecia and the small opercular valve of the
ordinary zooecia.
7. Calcified zooecia, 20, of the external lamella of an incrust-
ing multilamellar colony.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
8. Callopora verrucosa, new species (p. 9).
Portion of the incrusting colony, X 20. The normal zooecia
are at the base. The marginal zooecia have zooeciules on
their mural rim. The marginal zooeciules have stopped
the growth of the colony.
Albatross Station D. 28138.
9, 10. Cauloramphus brunea, new species (p. 10).
9. Incrusting specimen, X 20, preserving the spines which are
brown in the original. The pedunculated avicularia are
white.
10. Ancestrular portion of a colony which has lost its spines,
X 20.
Albatross Station D. 2815.
62
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOE._ 76, ART.-13) Pi. 1
BRYOZOA OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
FOR EXPLANATION !OF PLATE SEE PAGE FACING
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 76, ART. 13 PL. 2
BRYOZOA OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE FACING
PuatTe 2
Fias. 1, 2. Schizopodrella (Stephanosella) biaperta Michelin, 1842 (p. 16).
1. Portion of an incrusting ovicelled colony, 20.
2. Structure of the frontal, < 85, showing the small tremopores.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
3-6. Dakaria sertata, new species (p. 17).
3. Incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the frontal of the
zooecia and the ovicell which have the same structure.
4. Irregular zooecia in the ancestrular region, 20.
5. The zooecia are poorly oriented. The peristome is thick and
festooned proximally; 20.
6. Structure of the frontal with small tremopores, * 85.
Albatross Station D. 2813, and D. 2815.
7-11. Hippomenella parvicapitata, new species (p. 19).
7. Incrusting specimen, < 20, showing the broad cells some
of which have no pleurocyst. No dietellae.
8. An example, X 20, in which the narrow zooecia have
only a single avicularium.
9. Specimen, X 20, showing the ancestrula. The irregularity
of the substratum has determined the development and an
abnormal direction of the cells.
10. View by transparency of the embryo in the ovicell, * 85.
11. A cell viewed by transparency showing the frontal structure,
the ovicell, areolar pores and pleurocyst.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
63
PLATE 3
Frias. 1, 2. Microporella gibbosula, new species (p. 20).
1. Incrusting specimen, X 20, showing the micrometric varia-
tions from the ancestrula to the marginal zooecia.
2. Ovicelled specimen much calcified, X 20. The form of the
avicularia is altered by the intensity of calcification.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
3-5. Microporella tractabilis, new species (p. 22).
3. Incrusting zoarium with ovicelled zooecia, X 20. The ovicells
have the same structure as the frontal.
4. An example with setiform avicularian mandibles, X 20. The
point of the latter touches the pivot of the avicularium of
the adjacent superior zooecium.
5. Structure of the frontal, shown by transparency, X 85. The
ascopore is large and triangular.
Albatross Station D. 2815.
6-11. Enantiosula manica, new species (p.23).
6,6.! Two colonies, natural size, showing their real position.
7. Surface, X 20, showing young zooecia with tubular tremo-
pores.
8. Fragment of a lamella, X 20, on which the tremocyst is
much calcified and the frontal tubules are adjacent.
9. Portion of a transverse section of a colony, X 10, showing
the superposed concentric lamellae.
10. Margin of a lamella, X 20, illustrating the parietal dietellae
formed before the frontal and the aperture. The avicularia
are visible among the dietellae.
11. End of a branch, X 20. The cells are much calcified and
unadorned. The tremopores are closed by costules.
Albatross Station D. 2815.
64
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM RROCGCEEDINGS, VOL 76, ARI is) PES
4% - .°
Ve ad, 2 Re
BRYOZOA OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE FACING
PL. 4
13
PROCEEDINGS VOL. 76, ART.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
ISLANDS
BRYOZOA OF GALAPAGOS
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE FACING
PLATE 4
_ Fries. 1-5. Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838 variety (p. 27).
1, 2. Zoarium, natural size and base of same, X 2.
3. Another example, X 20 with ovicelled zooecia, and also
zooecia with small avicularia as well as those with large
avicularia, ornamented with a mandible.
4, Zoarium, X 20, in which the zooecia do not have large
avicularia. The small avicularia are always elliptical;
sometimes some of them are triangular.
4.1 Zooecia, X< 20, without avicularia or only a single one
present.
5. View by transparency, X< 85, showing the arrangement of
the cardelles and of the lyrule in the aperture.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
6-8. Codonella granulata, new species (p. 29).
6. Surface of the incrusting specimen with regular zooecia, X 20.
7. Zoarium with irregular zooecia, X 20. The frontal granula-
tions are quite visible between the tremopores.
8. Lateral wall of the zooecium showing the four uniporous
septulae, X 85.
Albatross Station D. 2815.
9-13. Pachycleithonia nigra, new species (p. 25).
9,10. Surface of the incrusting zoarium, x 10 and several}
zooecia, 20. The ectocyst persists on some of the
zooecia as a torn film.
11. Interior, X 20, showing the operculum in place in one
zooecium and the condyles and lateral canals under the
condyles in others.
12. Structure of the frontal, X 85.
13. Operculum, 885.
Albatross Station D. 2815.
65
61589-—-29—__5
PuatTe 5
Fras. 1-4. Diplonotos costulatum, new species (p. 30).
1,2. Fragment of zoarium, natural size, and the first lateral face
of the reticulated colony, X 20, bearing vibices and avicu-
laria.
3. Second lateral face of the same colony X 20, showing the same
features.
4. Cellular side, X 20. It is uniserial and the zooecial openings
are arranged on the edge of the branches in the fenestrae.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
5. Crepidacantha poissonii Audouin, 1826 (p.33).
Portion of the incrusting zoarium, X 20.
Hawaiian Islands, Albatross Station D. 3818.
6-9. Adeona tubulifera, new species (page 34).
6. Portion of the incrusting zoarium, < 10, and a few zooecia
of the same, X 20, showing gonoecia.
7,8. Portions of a colony < 20 with very tubular zooecia.
9. Much calcified colony, X 20. The peristomes are shorter
and much thickened.
Albatross Station D. 2815 and D. 2813.
66
13
ART
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 76,
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
BRYOZOA OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
SEE PAGE FACING
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL, 76ARie 13) 7REasS
BRYOZOA OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE FACING
PLATE 6
Fia. 1. Lagenipora verrucosa, new species (p. 35).
Incrusting ovicelled specimen X 20.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
2,3. Lagenipora marginata, new species (p. 36).
2. Inerusting bi-triserial specimen, * 20, The superior cells
are operculated.
3. Anexample, 20, with laciniated and expanded peristomes of
zooecia with long peristomie.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
4-6. Holoporella quadrispinosa, new species (p. 37).
4. Two colonies, natural size.
5. Oriented cells of an incrusting colony, X 20. There are small
frontal avicularia.
6. Cumulate zooecia of a colony, X 20. The small frontal avicu-
laria are buried in the thickness of the frontal.
Albatross Station D. 2813 and D. 2815.
7-8. Holoporella porosa, new species (p. 39).
7. Two colonies developed on the same nullipore, natural size.
8. Portion of a colony 20, showing the ovicells and some oper-
culated zooecia.
Albatross Station D. 2815.
PLATE 7
Fia. 1. Holoporella hexagonalis, new species. (p. 38).
1. Surface of the colony, X 20. Some zooecia are operculated.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
2,3. Holoporella tridentculata Busk, 1881 (p. 39).
2. The massive colony, natural size.
3. Surface of a large massive colony, 20, bearing cylindrical,
salient tubes.
Albatross Station D. 2815.
4-8. Osthimosia anatina, new species (p. 42).
4, Fragments of the ramose zoarium, natural size.
5. Ovicelled portion of a ramose colony, X 20.
6. Portion of a ramose colony, X 20,-where the areolar pores are
little visible and the ovicells are broken.
7. Surface of a colony, X 20, with large interzooecial avicularia
of duck bill shape.
8. Young zooecia, X 20, at the extremity of a branch.
Albatross Station D. 2813 and D. 2815.
68
Ped
he}
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 76, ART
S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
LUE
BRYOZOA OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE FACING
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 76, ART. 13) PL. 8
€5
ST ty? b
Ae er 4
BRYOZOA OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE FACING
PLATE 8
Frias. 1, 2. Hippoporidra granulosa, new species (p. 438).
1. Portion of an encrusting colony with oriented zooecia, < 20.
2. Another part of the same zoarium, X 20, with erect and poorly
oriented zooecia.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
3-5. Hippotrema spiculifera, new species (p. 43).
3. The ramose zoarium, natural size.
4. Portion of a free colony, X 20, showing the large interzooecial
avicularia and the frontal spicules.
5. Zoarial surface, < 20, showing the spicules placed on the
frontal of the cells.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
6, 7. Microecia tubiabortiva, new species (p. 48).
6. An entire colony, < 4, showing the primitive Berenicea emit-
ting various lobes.
7. Portion of the same colony, X 12, showing the ovicell and
the spaces with aborted tubes.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
69
PLATE 9
Fies. 1-3. Chaperia condylata, new species (p. 44).
1. The incrusting zoarium, X 10.
2. Portion of the same surface, X 20.
3. Zooecia, X 20, preserving the six, large, simple, distal spines.
Albatross Station D. 2815.
4-6. Heteropora, species (p. 60).
Two zoaria natural size and, X 12.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
7-9. Cavaria praesens, new species (p. 58).
7. Zoarium natural size.
8. The bereniceoid colony, 6, emitting cylindrical branches.
The mesopores are biserial under an epitheca.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
70
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 76, ART. 13 PL. 9
BRYOZOA OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
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U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 76, ART. 13 PL. 10
BRYOZOA OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE FACING
PuatTE 10
Fries. 1-3. Diplonotos striatum, new species (p. 31).
1. An entire colony and a fragment, natural size. The branches
show noncellular faces for the apertures are arranged
laterally.
2. Noncellular surface, X 20, with sulci of little depth.
3. Lateral cellular side of branch, * 20, in which the enlarged
portions bear salient transverse vibices.
Albatross Station D. 3408.
4-8. Semihaswellia sulcosa, new species (p. 15).
4. Colony, natural size.
5, 6. Frontal cellular side, X 12 and a portion, X 20, showing
the longitudinal sulci.
7, 8. Dorsal side, X 12 and X 20, with longitudinal sulci and
very small vacuoles.
Albatross Station D. 3408.
el
PuateE 11
Frias. 1, 2. Proboscina lamellifera, new species (p. 46).
The incrusting zoarium, < 6 and a portion X 12.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
3-6. Diaperoecia striatula, new species (p. 49).
3. A colony incrusting in concentric wrinkles with a wide basal
lamella and an ovicell.
4, An example, < 12, with three ovicells.
5. A free colony, X 12.
6. Portion of fig. 5, X 25, to show the concentric striae.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
7, 8. Plagioecia lactea Calvet, 1908, var (p. 48).
7. A complete free colony, X 12, with marginal ovicell.
8. Portion of the same, X 25, to oe the tubes closed by a
diaphragm with tubule.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
72
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROGEEDINGS, VOEI/6, ART. 13) Res
BRYOZOA OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
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=2_E 99
ore.a*
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BRYOZOA OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE FACING
PLATE 12
Fias. 1-4. Diaperoecia? subpapyracea, new species (p. 50).
1. Superposed colonies, X 4, arising from many successive larvae.
2. A large isolated colony, 12, showing the arrangement of
the tubes in radial rows and the large smooth basal lamella.
3. A small isolated colony, X 12, showing the irregular arrange-
ment of the peristomes.
4. Portion of an incrusting colony, < 12, illustrating the mar-
ginal ovicell.
Albatross Station D. 2813.
5-9. Diaperoecia meandrina, new species (p. 51).
5. Superior face, X 4, showing the zoarial reticulations, the basal
lamella, and the great saliency of the superior tubes.
6. Base of the same zoarium, X 4. The primitive Berenicea is
visible, as is also the point of attachment.
7. Dorsal of a young branch, X 12. It is formed from the prin-
cipal branch by a bifurcation of the basal lamella in which
the two parts are attached back to back.
8. Lateral face of an ovicelled branch, X 12, showing the inser-
tion of a secondary branch.
9. Lateral view of a young ovicelled branch, < 12, illustrating
the growth of the basal lamella by the addition of new
recurved tubes. Sometimes the tubes are closed by a
diaphragm with a tubule.
Albatross Station D. 2815.
73
PuatTe 13
Fies. 1-10. T'ubulipora liliacea Harmer, 1898 (p. 54).
1. Incrusting colony,