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SMITHSONIAN IN STITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM REP
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOLUME, 88
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON ; 1942
ADVERTISEMENT
The scientific publications of the National Museum include two
series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin.
The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a
medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec-
tions of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts
in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new
forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in
pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific
organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different
subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are
recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes.
The present volume is the eighty-eighth of this series.
The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, con-
tains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoologi-
cal groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in
several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of
type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar
nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a
quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates
were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear vol-
umes under the heading Contributions from the United States Na-
tional Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum
since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections
of the Museum.
ALEXANDER WETMORE,
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
Wasuineton, D. C., July 15, 1942.
II
CONTENTS
Pages
Banks, Natuan. Report on certain groups of neuropteroid
insects from Szechwan, China. No. 3079. April 18,
O40 Pare hee Vie ie a a Bee a 173-220
New genera: Allemerobius, Indophanes, Himalopsyche, Evano-
phanes.
New subgenus: Himalophanes.
New species: Togoperla grahami, Marthamea armata, Nogiperla
chiangi, Sialis sinensis, Neuronema similis, Allemerobius
flaveolus, Hemerobius chiangi, H. grahami, H. bispinus, Chrysopa
grahami, OC. chione, O. fratercula, C. alethes, Dendroleon inso-
lita, Indophanes sinesis, Rhyacophila grahami, Himalopsyche
hageni, H. lachlani, H. martynovi, H. alticola, H. navasi,
H. (Himalophanes) anomala, Glossosoma aequalis, Steno-
psyche martynovi, 8S. moselyi, Polymorphanisus unipunctus,
Hydropsyche grahami, Philopotamus sinensis, Hvanophanes
insignis, Psilopterna sinensis, Pseudostenophylar minimus,
P. mimicus, P. brevis, P. (Trichophylaz) monticola, Halesinus
fenestratus, Psilotreta chinensis.
Buiacxman, M. W. The scolytid beetles of the genus Renocis
Casey, with descriptions of nine new species. No. 3084.
OMDTN Ge es Ul asc ea a che gee ee 373-401
New species: Renocis parkinsoniae, R. pruinosus, R. fasciatus,
R. brunneus, R. fuscus, R. commizius, R. mexicanus, R.
braziliensis, R. insularis.
New combinations: Renocis maclayi (Bruck), R. brittaini
(Swaine), R. criddlei (Swaine).
Bourss, B.D. Revision of the chalcid-flies of the tribe Chalci-
dini in America north of Mexico. No. 3082. June 11,
ee aes toe ie Eta Ey Oe ae es ta os a ae eee 237-354
New species: Chalcis lasia, O. megalomis, C. neptis, Spilochalcis
phoenica, S. elachis, S. clora, S. phais, 8S. tanais, S. apaiis,
S. melana, S. cantha, 8S. dema, 8. leptis, Ceratosmicra paya.
New names: Chalcis phoenicapoda, Ceratosmicra meteori.
1Date of publication.
LV. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Pages
Cusuman, R. A. New genera and species of ichneumon-flies,
with taxonomic notes. No. 3088. March 18, 1940*_------ 355-372
New genera: Apotemnus, Brachyscleroma.
New species: Polycyrtus bicostatus, Oryptohelcostizus chrysobo-
thridis, C. ornatus, Apotemnus truncatus, Calliephialtes ferru-
gineus, Hxetastes pilosus, Ophion bvermudensis, Idechthis peru-
viana, Brachyscleroma apoderi.
New name: Atopotrophos.
New combinations: Hoplocryptus bvituminosus (Cushman),
Tromatobia lateralis (Cresson), Atopotrophos collaris (Cush-
man), A. bucephalus (Cresson), Pseuderipiernus elongatus
(Davis).
The ichneumon-flies of the subfamily Neorhacodinae,
with descriptions of a new genus and three new species.
Nos 3088.) April 135194040 sso ee 523-527
New genus: Romaniella.
New species: Neorhacodes longicauda, N. brevicauda, Romaniella
exsulcatus.
Fraser, C. McLean. Seven new species and one new genus of
hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic Ocean. No. 3090. Sep-
temberv13.1940 twee oo sede ee iiast e ees 575-580
New genus: Huperisiphonia.
New species: Hudendrium rugosum, ? Campanularia abyssa, Gono-
thyraea integra, Egmundella fasciculata, Halecium diminutivum,
Huperisiphonia rigida, ? Diphasia crassa.
Gauan, A. B. A contribution to the knowledge of the Euchari-
dae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). No. 3086. April 25,
DA ae ee Oe PMN Se ake tA pat NS ee eee 425-458
New species: Hucharis scutellaris, Psilogaster antennatus, Parap-
silogaster laeviceps, Schizaspidia antennata, Orasema texana, O.
aenea, O. beameri, O. aureoviridis, O. simulatriz, O. neomexicana,
O. robertsoni, O. bakeri, O. cockerelli.
New combinations: Schizaspidia convergens (Walker), Stilbula
tenuicornis (Ashmead), S. polyrachicida (Wheeler and Wheeler),
8S. floridana (Ashmead), S. septentrionalis (Brues), S. mani-
purensis (Clausen).
Henry, Dora Priautx. Notes on some pedunculate barnacles
from the North Pacific. No 3081. April 20, 19401_______- 225-236
New subspecies: Lepas pectinata pacifica.
Kirn, Epwin. Cestocrinus, a new fossil inadunate crinoid
genus. No. s0st.. March 14, 1940 25S eee tin VT eee 221-294
New genus: Cestocrinus.
New species: Oestocrinus striatus.
1 Date of publication.
CONTENTS Vv
Linton, Epwin. Trematodes from fishes mainly from the
Woods Hole region, Massachusetts. No. 3078. May 16,
New genera: Heteraxine, Gargorchis.
New species: Ancyrocephalus parvus, Onchocotyle mavori, Diclido-
phora pinguis, Microcotyle furcata, Axine gracilis, Heterazine
cokeri, Gasterostomum capitatum, Zoogonoides laevis, Stephan-
nostomum filiforme, Himasthla tensa, Lebouria truncata, Lepo-
creadium retrusum, L. trullaforme, Lepidapedon clavatum,
Genarches infirmus, Dinurus pinguis, Gargorchis varians.
Merenean, O. Lioyp. A review of the parasitic Crustacea of the
genus Argulus in the collections of the United States National
Museum, No: 3087) dune, 22, 1940s ee ste ek te 459-522
New species: Argulus floridensis.
Scuutitz, Lronarp P. Two new genera and three new species
of cheilodipterid fishes, with notes on the other genera of the
family) NoeB08a)*: April 26,1940 ce woes oe 403-423
New genera: Cheilodipterops, Jadamga.
New species: Cheilodipterops isostigma, Synagrops spinosa, 8. pseu-
domicrolepis.
Trowsripcr, Harry M. (See under Wedel, Waldo R.)
Wenei, Watpo R., and Trowsrincr, Harry M. A prehistoric
roulette from Wyandotte County, Kansas. No. 3091. June 5,
TIC kD lap bats dn A ge fata A SR NP 581-586
Wetmore, Atexanper. Notes on the birds of Kentucky. No.
US ere ay Poa eee eS ee Se ee 529-574
1 Date of publication.
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ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
Following
page
1-26. Species of trematodes from Woods Hole fishes__-_______-----____-- 172
27-30. Species of neuropteroid insects from Szechwan, China_________--- 196
81. Cestocrinus striatus, new genus and species of fossil crinoid___--_ 222
She ao yas I RT ON a ee eae 580
TEXT FIGURES
Page
1. Lepas anatifera Linnaeus from Harriet Harbor, British Columbia: s
Side view, carina, external view, and apex of capitulum__________-_ 226
2, Lepas pectinata pacifica, new subspecies, from Harriet Harbor, British
Columbia: Side view, carina, and apex of capitulum_____-_________ 228
3. Lepas pectinata pacijica: Maxilla, mandible, filamentary appendage, and
middle. segment.of .clrrug....-34see ane a see ee aes ee eee 229
4, Carina of Lepas fascicularis aurivillii Nilsson-Cantell from Biorka
RSTO G eA OR Rea oe oe epee ee he ol ee 4 ee 231
5. Scalpellum columbianum Pilsbry from Point No Point, Puget Sound:
Side view, labrum, caudal appendage, maxilla, sixth segment of cirrus,
and: mandiblej222— =. 2. =. ee ee 238
6). Chalcis sispes (hanna ens) * 1S eee ee ek 239
ite Flea dsior Chalcidinise 2020. oa ba ee ee 247
8. Male antennal seapes of Chalcidini_.__...--__-.-- 5... - +--+ 253
9. Male antennal structures of Chalcidini-___.__.___._____.____--~_-----_--- 267
10. Thoracie structures and wings of Chalcidini__________________-___--_- 271
11. Protarsal claws and metafemora of Chalcidini-_________-____----_____ 277
12) Metafemora ‘of (Chaleidinin= -2<¢2.2 == oh Ne 289
if Abdominalsstructures of Chalcidini_ 222 a ee 329
14 "Male terminaliasof Chaleidini< 2-2: 08 aa eee es ee hee oe ee 333
15. Apotemnus truncatus, new genus and species of ichneumon-fly_________ 361
16. Brachyscleroma apoderi, new genus and species of ichneumon-fly_____-_ 3871
17. Species of Renocis and Chaetophloeus.__—_-___—_~~_~-_-_--.--.~.--——- 379
18. Species of Renocis and Chaetophloeus.____-___-_-__----.~--_------~.-~- 381
19. Upper and lower jaws of cheilodipterid fishes, showing arrangement of
Oe thie 2st tee en at he eS a nk a 415
20. Upper and lower jaws of cheilodipterid fishes, showing arrangement
Of (GG ties on ba le ea ile Ae ores the Aa, 418
21. Ventral and dorsal views of Argulus japonicus Thiele and antennae of
A,mugettensis Danan 2 oo. a ee EE Ee ke ote, 462
22, Argulus stizostethii Kellicott: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups,
and male accessory organs of legs--__.___________-________-__~~ — 480
23. Argulus alosae Gould: Respiratory areas, male accessory organs of legs,
and ribs. of suction. CupSs-— tee ok ee ke 481
24, Argulus siamensis Wilson: Respiratory areas, male accessory organs of
legs, and) ribs: ofasucton.eupe ssn oe a et ee oe 482
Vill PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
25. Argulus indicus Weber: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and
26.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
of.
38.
39.
40.
41.
45.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
LTD TET 1 Ce a ae ee
Argulus flavescens Wilson: Basal plate of second maxillae and mesial
spines, respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and male accessory
organs of legs____----~-_--_-__---_------—--------------__--_____-
. Argulus melanostictus Wilson: Ribs of suction cups and respiratory
. Argulus pugettensis Dana: Male accessory organs, respiratory areas,
ANGE TIDS OL STCtL OT CUR) See ee
Argulus floridensis, new species : Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups,
and thoracie appendages_——____----___________.__._-4 4 se
Argulus borealis Wilson: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and
ACCESSOLY, OLans Of. legs aes arere veers ee ee ee
Argulus megalops Smith: Ribs of suction cups, respiratory areas, and
MOCK OMy GHEMINS, Oe LECh eee
Argulus japonicus Thiele: Ribs of suction cups, respiratory areas, and
ACCESSO IY OL SAIS 50 ti CS eee a ee ee ee
Argulus laticauda Smith: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and
SICCESSOLV OL ATIS O LCS eee een me ere eed
Argulus reticulatus Wilson: Rib of suction cup, respiratory area, and
STECESSOLY MOUEATIS Ol pees eae ae ee eee 8 ne Se ee eee
Argulus funduli Krdyer: Ribs of suction cups, respiratory areas, and
ACCESSOLYOLSAN SOL Lek SaaS eee eee
Argulus violaceus Thomsen: Ribs of suction cups, respiratory areas,
UTC $l CCCSSOTY HOLLATIS OL \ Le esa eae ee
Argulus salminei Krgyer: Accessory organs of legs, respiratory areas,
ANG LIDS OE SUCCHOMS CUS aaa es ee ES ee
Arguius americanus Wilson: Accessory organs of legs, ribs of suction
cups, respiratory areas, and second male appendage____-_----_-____
Argulus versicolor Wilson: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and
accessory 7Organs:-0f -legs2l 3 ieee 2 EO Se es ee
Argulus maculosus Wilson: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and
accessory: organs:of legs=-—=-— === Oe ee ee eee
Argulus mississippiensis Wilson: Accessory organs of legs, respiratory
areas;randsribs of suction Cups i227 2 ee ee eee eee
. Argulus catostomi Dana and Herrick: Respiratory areas, accessory
organs: of-legs, and -ribs: of suction cups] 222 Se ee
Argulus appendiculosus Wilson: Ribs of suction cups, respiratory @reas.
and accessory organs of legs
. Argulus lepidostei Kellicott: Accessory organs of legs, respiratory
areas.dand ribs-of suction cups_ 2 2t o ar 2 ee eae ee
Argulus nobilis Thiele: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and
aecessory organs of ‘legs Oe EN Se BO See ee ase Se
Argulus bicolor Bere: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and ac-
cessory Vorgzans' Of Megs MEO E NACA 2 ee Ee SEN
Argulus fuscus Bere: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cuns, and
ACCESHOLY 'OVrSans OL Tess ele ay eed
Tip of ovipositor of Neorhacodes longicauda, new species of ichneumon-
Hy EFAS ARAN CRU Ee SST CE EOE CRN A
End and side views of prehistoric roulette from Kansas___________----_
Impressions produced on plastic clay by roulette compared with rou-
letted sherd from Trowbridge site, Wyandotte County, Kans_____-_ eit:
VOL. 88
Page
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued We
iS
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington: 1940 No. 3078
TREMATODES FROM FISHES MAINLY FROM THE
WOODS HOLE REGION, MASSACHUSETTS
By Enwrn Linton ?
INTRODUCTION
Ir HAS BEEN my privilege, during a long series of years, to spend
the summer months at the laboratory of the United States Bureau
of Fisheries, at Woods Hole, Mass. During that time considerable
attention was given to a study of the distribution of the helminth
parasites of fishes. Through the cooperation of the late Vinal N.
Edwards, collections and observations were made so as to cover all
the months of the year. All collections in the months of October
to May, inclusive, and the greater number of those in June and Sep-
tember, were made by Mr. Edwards. The majority of the collections
in July and August, and a few of those in June and September, were
made by the author.
Reports on a few trematodes from fishes not of the Woods Hole
region are herein included. When not stated otherwise it is to be
understood that digenetic forms came from the intestine and mono-
genetic forms from the gills. In many cases in which the same species
of trematode is accredited to more than one species of fish, measure-
ments are given of examples from different hosts, and record made
of differences noted.
1Dr. Linton died on June 3, 1939, a few days before this paper was sent to the
printer.— ED,
1
a PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Much difficulty is experienced when one attempts to identify alco-
holic or formalin specimens of these soft-bodied forms, which not
only assume diverse contraction shapes but may vary considerably
in the size and relative proportions and positions of parts with the
age of the individuals. No special search was made for monogenetic
forms. Such as were found had usually been washed off the gills
while preparing the viscera for examination. In the summers of 1912
to 1927 such helminths from the gills and skin of fishes as were met
with were turned over to Dr. G. A. MacCallum, who was giving espe-
cial consideration to the monogenetic trematodes.
The author is under obligations to Drs. H. W. Manter and H. W.
Stunkard for information that has prevented some duplication of
names as a result of work carried on by them on forms noted in this
report.
The invaluable index catalog of Stiles and Hassall? renders it un-
necessary, in most cases, to cite literature prior to 1908. For the
convenience of future investigators, however, frequent references have
been given to earlier papers of the author, on trematodes from the
Woods Hole region.
The names of fishes used in this report are those given in the check
list of Jordan, Evermann, and Clark.*
Order MONOGENEA van Beneden, 1858
Suborder MONOPISTHOCOTYLEA Odhner, 1912
Family GYRODACTYLIDAE van Beneden and Hesse, 1863
Subfamily GYRODACTYLINAE Monticelli, 1892
Genus GYRODACTYLUS Nordmann, 1832
GYRODACTYLUS species
PLATE 14, Figure 158
On August 6, 1911, Dr. R. A. Spaeth called my attention to certain
small monogenetic trematodes (U.S.N.M. No. 8142) on the scales of
the common killifish (Pundulus heteroclitus). Later, on August 18,
Dr. C. W. Hahn, who was examining killifishes for sporidia, reported
these worms abundant on fishes he had been examining.
Measurements, life: Length, 0.5 mm.; breadth, anterior, 0.05 mm. ;
maximum, a little back of middle, 0.12 mm.; length of large hooks,
2 Index-catalogue of medical and veterinary zoology. Subjects: Trematodes and trema-
tode diseases. U.S. Hyg. Lab. Bull. 37, 401 pp., 1908.
® Check list of the fishes and fishlike vertebrates of North and Middle America north of
the northern boundary of Venezuela and Colombia. Rep. U. 8. Comm. Fish. 1928, pt. 2,
670 pp., 1930.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 3
0.07 mm. The anterior end is bilobed, each lobe bearing a small con-
tractile papilla. The posterior sucker bears two larger hooks sym-
metrically placed, one on each side of the median line, and about
18 small hooks and 2 spines on the margins.
These worms perform active looping movements, attaching them-
selves by the anterior end; then, releasing the posterior sucker, they
rapidly loop themselves forward.
Subfamily TETRAONCHINAE Monticelli, 1903
Genus ANCYROCEPHALUS Creplin, 1838
ANCYROCEPHALUS PARVUS, new species
PLATE 14, FieurEs 159, 160
Body elliptical, narrowed abruptly at anterior end, which bears
four blunt projections, and two pairs of eye spots; pharynx longer
than broad; posterior disk with 18 hooks, 4 median pairs, 5 hooks on
each lateral margin, and 2 transverse bars. The two median hooks
are somewhat larger than the others. The cirrus pouch is pyriform,
the cirrus long and filiform; seminal vesicle long-pyriform, beside
cirrus pouch, ventral and posterior to the pharynx. Ovary median,
longer than bread; seminal receptacle on left side at anterior border
of vitellaria; folficles of vitellaria dense, filling all but a small portion
of the anterior end of the body from the margins to the ovary and
testis on the median line, and extending to the posterior end. One
testis, longer than broad, on median line behind the ovary. Measure-
ments in balsam: Length, 0.73 mm.; breadth, anterior end 0.1 mm.,
middle 0.5 mm.; pharynx, length 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.05 mm.; length
of longest hooks 0.024 mm.
Average of 5: Length, 0.82 mm.; breadth, 0.38 mm. Longest,
length 1.08 mm., breadth 0.34 mm.; shortest, length 0.67, breadth
0.39 mm.
Measurements, life (U.S.N.M. No. 8148): Length, 0.84 mm.;
breadth, anterior (head) 0.1 mm., middle, maximum, 0.42 mm.,
posterior (caudal disk) 0.14 mm.
The middle of the body was traversed by strong, longitudinal
muscle fibers, and by less strong longitudinal fibers along the lateral
margins. The head carried four club-shaped projections, which, in
a specimen fixed over the flame, broke up into longitudinal striae.
Type specimens.—U.S.N.M. No. 8143 (holotype and paratypes).
Host.—Garfish (Strongylura marina).
Record of collection—Ten, collected on August 30, 1911, from
gills of host.
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Genus AMPHIBDELLA Chatin, 1874
AMPHIBDELLA FLAVOLINEATA MacCallum
Amphibdella flavolineata MacCatium, Zoopathologica, vol. 1, No. 1, p. 29, 1916.
On August 3, 1910, 16 trematodes were collected from the gills
of a torpedo (Zetranarce occidentalis) that had been taken in a fish
trap at Menemsha Bight.
Color, white. Measurements, life: Length, 3.78 mm.; breadth,
maximum, about middle, 0.64 mm., in front of caudal disk 0.29 mm. ;
breadth of caudal disk, 0.42 mm. On July 17, 1911, we found
U.S.N.M. No. 8144, and again, on July 7, 1914, several were collected
from the gills of torpedoes.
As Dr. MacCallum had taken up the study of the monogenetic
trematodes at Woods Hole in the summer of 1912, I made no further
collections from the gills of the torpedo, but on August 3, 1920, I
noted that they were numerous on the gills of one that was examined
on that date for parasites. The specimens collected correspond to
A, flavolineata MacCallum.
Family MONOCOTYLIDAE Taschenberg, 1879
Subfamily DIONCHINAE Johnston and Tiegs, 1922
Genus DIONCHUS Goto, 1899
DIONCHUS AGASSIZI Goto
PLATE 14, FicuREs 162, 163
Dionchus agassizi Goto, Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 12, pp. 286-291,
figs. 19-21, 1899.
I have record of the finding of this trematode on the gills of
remora on three occasions. The anterior end is broadly sagittate,
with mouth at base of triangular head. In the living worm toothlike
processes are very indistinct. The body is of nearly uniform breadth
until near the posterior end, where it tapers to the posterior sucker.
The posterior sucking disk in this species is characterized by being
divided into 10 areas by as many radial ridges, which do not quite
reach the center of the disk. On account of the contracted condition
of the disk, and its position, showing only in lateral view in all but
one of the mounted specimens, its structure cannot be made out
satisfactorily. In the one specimen in which a ventral view of the
disk is shown, no radial ridges can be distinguished. The distal
ends of the two hooks on the disk of each of the mounted specimens
are broken off. They are described by Goto as being clawlike. He
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 5
also states that they usually are broken off in the process of removing
them from their host.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.31 mm.; maximum breadth,
at level of mouth, 0.48 mm.; breadth at middle, 0.45 mm.; in front
of posterior sucker 0.14 mm.; distance of mouth from anterior end
0.85 mm.
Host.—Remora (Remora remora).
Record of collections ——Three, collected on July 28, 1910, from gills
of host. Small, white; two short, stout hooks on posterior sucking
disk; four eye spots dorsal to mouth. Dimensions, life: Length,
1.72 mm.; breadth, at mouth 0.7 mm., middle 0.56 mm.; posterior
disk, length 0.42 mm., breadth 0.35 mm.
One, collected July 21, 1911, from gills of host.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8147), collected August 3, 1911, from gills of
host.
Family UDONELLIDAE Taschenberg, 1879
Genus LINTONIA Monticelli, 1904
LINTONIA PAPILLOSA (Linton)
Nitzschia papillosa Linton, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 508, 509, pl. 40,
figs. 1-7, 1898.
Lintonia papillosa (Linton), Monticretr, Arch. Zool. Napoli, vol. 2, pp. 117—
124, pl. 7, figs. 1-7, 1904.
Seventeen examples of this species (U.S.N.M. No. 8146) were col-
lected by Vinal N. Edwards, April 10, 1918, from the common cod-
fish (Gadus morrhua), taken on Georges Bank.
Measurements in formalin: Smallest, length, 1.12 mm.; diameter,
lateral view, 0.28 mm. Largest, length, 2.1 mm.; diameter, lateral
view, 0.53 mm.
Family CAPSALIDAE Baird, 1853
Subfamily BENEDENIINAE Johnston, 1931
Genus ENTOBDELLA Blainville, 1818
ENTOBDELLA BUMPUSII (Linton)
Epibdella bumpusii Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 286, 287, figs.
11-15, 1900.
Since the publication of the original description of this species I
find among my notes record of this trematode on two occasions, both
from the skin of the stingray (Pastinachus centrourus).
fecord of collections.—One, collected June 24, 1921; length, about
11 mm.
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8148), collected July 1, 1924, from skin of
host, ventral side; length, 14 mm.; breadth, 8 mm.
ENTOBDELLA HIPPOGLOSSI (0. F. Miller)
PuATE 14, Figures 164-169
See STIZES AND HASSALL, U. S. Hyg. Lab. Bull. 37, p. 252, 1908, for references.
I have records of this trematode from the skin of the halibut
(Hippoglossus hippoglossus) as follows:
Record of collecttons—Four (U.S.N.M. No. 8149), collected by
Vinal N. Edwards, June 15, 1906. In formalin specimens the suckers,
narrow margins of the body, testes, and genitalia in front of the
testes are white, elsewhere the color is purplish.
Received from the U. S. National Museum two specimens on
December 7. Label: On halibut, Ward’s Natural Science Establish-
ment; acc. 11828. These agree closely with van Beneden’s descrip-
tion of this species.
TABLE 1.—Measurements of two specimens of Entobdella hippoglossi in glycerin
and in balsam
Specimen 1 Specimen 2
Measurement
Glycerin Balsam Glycerin Balsam
Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm.
MONS te ee re aan ei BS eee NAN Spee a aaa ial ae 17. 00 13. 50 10. 00 8. 50
STORCH ee ee IR AEE | BONER YO aD) 9. 00 7.00 7.00 7. 50
aAnteriorsuckers; length 22). vse) oe win) ieee 1. 53 ad 1. 20 1.33
FANLODION SUCKERS) DIGAG the ane weap ele ee UN . 56 aay! .70 . 63
Posterior suckers length =) eee Peek SS ete R ek 4.75 4.00 4. 50 4. 50
Hosterior sucker, breadth: = es ee 5.25 3. 50 4. 50 4. 50
Length of anterior hook__.___________- hy AEA IS .42 .42 . 56 .74
Hengthvofimiddlethooksees 2 . 84 .70 - 98 1. 40
ene thyofiposterioribhookeesss = sas as .16 1G) | Seen .12
Subfamily CAPSALINAE Johnston, 1929
Genus TRISTOMA Cuvier, 1817
TRISTOMA PAPILLOSUM Diesing
Piate 14, Ficures 170-174
Tristomum coccineum Cuvier, Linton, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 509, 510,
pl. 40, fig. 9, 1898 ; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 278, 1900; ibid, p. 448,
1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 585, 1911.
Beginning with the season of 1912, Dr. G. A. MacCallum under-
took investigations on the monogenetic trematodes of the Woods
Hole region, and thereafter such gill and skin parasites as I came
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON bh
across in my study of the food and internal parasites of fishes were
turned over to him. Following are notes on tristomes from the gills
of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius), collected on July 15, 1904, and
July 18, 1911 (U.S.N.M. No. 8150). On the former date three tris-
tomes were collected from the gills of one swordfish; on the latter
date two swordfish were examined and 75 tristomes obtained from
the gills of one; none was found on the other. Those of the first
lot were yellowish, transparent, leaflike, and from 7 to 12 mm. or
more in diameter. In the second lot they were pinkish to blood-red,
becoming pale when much extended. Some of them, which soon
became inactive, were blood-red with a white border. This mar-
ginal border bore clusters of small spines of various shapes (pl. 14,
fig. 172). After lying overnight in sea water most of the worms,
which had been active on the evening before, were still active. When
the table was slightly jarred, the more active worms would con-
tract quickly. The largest, when expanded, were 20 mm. or more in
length and 15 mm. or more in breadth. They were then very thin,
leaflike, transparent, yellowish white. When touched they con-
tracted quickly, the length being much lessened, but the breadth
remaining about the same. Upon repeated irritation they would
become nearly circular in outline, the color in the contracted state
being deep pink. Eggs dark brown, tetragonal, with a filament at
each of the four trihedral angles, one filament being longer than
the others; diameter, excluding filaments, 0.1 mm.
In a lot of 93 tristomes, all but two belong to this species. These
vary greatly in size and shape. Of 31 specimens mounted in balsam,
25 are longer than broad, 4 are broader than long, and 2 have the
length and breadth equal. Smallest, length, 4 mm., breadth, 2 mm.;
largest, length, 13 mm., breadth, 9 mm. In 20 specimens, average
length, 8.6 mm., breadth, 7.2 mm., the average number of groups of
spines on one lateral margin was 45.6; maximum 51, minimum 40.
There are two small, slender, slightly arcuate spines on the posterior
sucker. These spines were 0.12 mm. in length and 0.02 mm. in
breadth, on a specimen 5 mm. in length and 6 mm. in breadth, and on
another 12 mm. in length and 10 mm. in breadth. In most cases
these spines were situated in front of the posterior central loculus,
but in four cases they were observed to be in front of the left posterior
loculus, and in one at the central end of the right lateral loculus.
The posterior dorsal surface of these worms is papillate; also, in
strongly contracted specimens, the posterior margin is more or less
incised behind the pedicel of the posterior sucker. Specimens which
have been flattened under pressure during fixation have the posterior
margin entire, or but slightly emarginate. The pharynx is usually
broader than long. In 24 specimens examined, 3 were found in
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
which the length and breadth of the pharynx were about the same.
In the others the breadth was greater than the length, the average
for 2 specimens being: Length, 0.79 mm.; breadth, 1.03 mm.
The diameter of the posterior sucker is exclusive of the frilled
border, which is somewhat evanescent. The anterior suckers are more
or less crumpled, and the breadth could not be measured satisfac-
torily. The posterior sucker is usually nearly circular.
I have a record in my notes of the finding of what was thought
to be this species on two occasions on the gills of the spearfish
([stiophorus americanus) :
Several specimens collected on August 17, 1913, by Dr. MacCallum.
Three collected on July 23, 1924. The largest measured 10 mm. in
length and 6.5 mm. in breadth; the smallest, length 8 mm., breadth
6.5 mm.; diameter of posterior sucker, 3.5 mm.; margins crenulate,
dorsal surface with numerous small papillae; color translucent white.
These specimens were turned over to Dr. MacCallum.
TABLE 2.—Measurements of six specimens of Tristoma papillosum in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm.
OT teen a ae he RR A Ee ee 4.00 6. 00 7.00 10. 00 11. 00 13. 00
IBTOAC Dna sa aeons 2 Pyles oe ee eae etek) 2. 00 7.00 4.00 7.00 8.00 9. 00
IATIFOTIOLISUCKOM ION GU Me eae eee ee ete en ee . 80 1. 20 .91 1. 20 1220! | 22.
Diameter ‘of posterior/sucker__2s72-2- = 4 Sires 91 1.61 1.12 1.75 1.96 2. 24
Iphanyixs lene hse eae ee eee ear eee . 63 satel . 56 atl 1.12 1. 40
ehany ix DTCAG Gh se sea a ee eee Net a eee a . 56 1.00 . 67 1. 20 ead 1. 54
TRISTOMA COCCINEUM Cuvier
PLATE 14, Figures 175-179
Associated with the tristomes from the gills of the swordfish
(Xiphias gladius) in the collection, referred to 7’. papillosum, there
are two specimens that differ from the others, particularly in the
absence of papillae and in the number and character of the spines
on the lateral margins.
The marginal spines are arranged in linear groups at right angles
to the margins, each group containing about four spines, and there
are approximately 300 groups of spines on one lateral margin (pl. 14,
fig. 175). Each spine is flattened, longer than broad, its free end
bearing about five short, slender teeth. The length and breadth of
the pharynx are about equal. In one of the specimens there was a
slight constriction at about the middle of the length of the pharynx.
The anterior suckers and the anterior border are crumpled so that
exact outlines cannot be made out. There is a shallow emargination
at the posterior end. Measurements in balsam: Length, 12.5 mm.;
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 9
breadth, 10.2 mm.; longer diameter of anterior suckers about 1.82
mm.; diameter of posterior sucker, exclusive of marginal border,
2.66 mm.; diameter of pharynx, 0.91 mm.; length of spines on poste-
rior sucker, 0.13 and 0.15 mm.; breadth, 0.02 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8151).
On the right margin of one of the specimens, near the middle of
the length, there is a spinelike structure, bearing on its ventral sur-
face, near the tip, four stout, sharp-pointed, chitinous hooks (pl. 14,
figs. 175, 176). ‘There are two similar hooks on the dorsal side, not
shown in the figures. Length of spine about 9.42 mm.; diameter at
inner end about 0.11 mm., near tip 0.04 mm. This structure cannot
be made out on the other specimen, which is much crumpled.
Genus CAPSALA Bosc, 1811
CAPSALA MOLAE (Blanchard)
PLATE 15, F1auREs 180-183
Tristomum rudolphianum Diesing, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, p. 510,
1898 ; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 281, 1900.
Tristomum molae Blanchard, Linton, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 466,
1901.
Host—Sunfish (Mola mola).
Record of collections —One, collected by Vinal N. Edwards, Au-
gust 1, 1894. Dimensions in alcohol: Length 23 mm., breadth 24 mm.,
diameter of posterior sucker 16 mm. Location on host not noted on
label.
Six (U.S.N.M. No. 8152), collected July 20, 1914, from skin of host;
largest 25 mm. in diameter.
One, collected by Robert Goffin, September 3, 1925, from skin.
Eleven (U.S.N.M. No. 8153), collected July 19, 1926, from skin.
These were turned over to Dr. MacCallum.
Taste 3.—Measurements of three specimens of Capsala molae in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3
Mm. Mm. Mm.
Wength sik. S20bd ISTE AE ee ae 2 SULA ee 5. 00 10. 00 15. 00
BEBRO LNG te tA Pee eS R AT Ok AAR Ee ee ei EE Fl Re Pee Ss Re ae BY 4. 50 9. 50 14. 50
ANtENION SUCKER, ONG ED. so25sc0 ere) kee ete sae ee Bel ge as a . 80 112 1. 54
Amterior:sucker; breadth’! “7 eyi sth e yah eer Seb peed purer .74 84 1.12
‘Posterior'suckers leng plats Ao Fete Pak by eh OLN Ee ee 1. 64 4.00 5. 00
Posterior sucker, breadth._-_._-.__-_-_- 5 tsa) Be A an pee ad OS 1. 24 5.00 6. 00
Pharynx Wenethel Camere sy 8S AE OEY eee PSE eet poet pe. Ea 1, 26 2. 03
Bharynx, breadth- 525 2.2 28 yee a bs VS SLSR ER BEES. Rens .70 12 1.75
‘Pharynx, anterior Givision, longthiz=22) 242-2 eee eae ate eee .49 .77 1.12
Pharynx, anterior division, breadth______.___..._-_-__-__2---2--1-_2-2.--- .70 1.12 1.75
Pharynx, posterior division; Jength42.-£2it)) ite Aa eee ee . 28 .49 -91
Pharynx; posterior division, breadth 2a ee ee . 56 . 92 1.56
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
CAPSALA LAEVIS (Verrill)
Puate 15, Ficures 184-188
Tristoma laeve VreRRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, ser. 3, vol. 10, p. 40, 1875.
While a lot of alcoholic material from the gills of swordfish
(Xiphias gladius) were being examined, a single specimen (U.S.N.M.
No. 8154) of the genus Capsala was found. The date of collecting is
not certain. It was probably in the lot collected on July 18, 1911,
when about 75 tristomes were taken from the gills of a swordfish.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 11.25 mm.; breadth, 8.5 mm.;
anterior suckers, length 2.1 mm., breadth 1.65 mm.; posterior sucker,
length 3.78 mm., breadth 3.42 mm.; hooks on posterior sucker, length
0.45 mm., breadth 0.17 mm.; pharynx, length 1.4 mm., breadth
1.45 mm.
There are two stout, blunt hooks on the posterior sucker. The
length given above is a little less than the actual length, since the
hooks were slightly inclined to the plane of the slide, and conse-
quently foreshortened in the camera lucida sketch. The pharynx is
divided into an anterior and a posterior portion by a constriction
a little back of the middle. Length of anterior portion, 0.84 mm.;
breadth, 1.45 mm.; length of posterior portion, 0.56 mm.; breadth
0.91 mm.
The posterior sucker has five rays on its anterior half. The in-
testines are profoundly branched, the ultimate branches reaching
nearly to the margins of the body and extending into the anterior
suckers and into the anterior lobe between the suckers, in all of
which branches of the intestines reach nearly to the margin. The
cirrus pouch, enclosing the seminal vesicle at its base, reaches quite
to the median line immediately behind the pharynx. The two testes
lie side by side a short distance back of the cirrus pouch to the left
of the median line. They are somewhat obscured by the branches of
the intestine. The vas deferens makes a loop from the testes to a
point a short distance to the right of the median line, returning in
front of the testes, whence it becomes crumpled into short folds, then
proceeds to the cirrus pouch, which it enters at about the middle
of the length. The ovary is a rosettelike cluster of 12 or more
lobed bodies on the median line, its left anterior border being con-
tiguous with the right testis. The vitellaria have about the same
distribution as the intestines, extending nearly to the margins, in-
cluding the anterior suckers and the anterior lobe between the suckers.
Two nerve trunks on each side lateral to the main intestinal rami,
and connected at the level of the cirrus pouch by broad commissures,
are clearly shown.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 11
There are about 38 small tubercular spines on each lateral margin,
beginning a short distance from the anterior suckers and extending to
the posterior sucker. They are short, tending to pyramidal in shape,
and are surmounted by three short tines. No eye spots were seen.
There is a membranous border to both anterior and posterior suckers.
Suborder POLYOPISTHOCOTYLEA Odhner, 1912
Family ONCHOCOTYLIDAE Monticelli, 1903
Genus ONCHOCOTYLE Diesing, 1850
ONCHOCOTYLE MAVORI, new species
PLATE 15, Ficures 189-196
The specimens here described were given to me by Dr. James W.
Mavor, who had found them on the bottom of an aquarium in which
were a number of white perch (Morone americana), from Tashmoo
Pond, Marthas Vineyard, Mass.
Since these trematodes were not found on the gills of the perch, and
since the genus Onchocotyle has been recorded only from the gills of
selachians, there is naturally some doubt as to the perch being their
host.
The following description is based mainly on a study of whole
mounts in balsam:
The body proper is somewhat lanceolate, tapering more anteriorly
than posteriorly. Anterior sucker nearly terminal, sharply marked
off from the body by a constriction. The posterior sucker-bearing
portion is approximately half the length of the body proper, and
usually nearly at right angles to it. At the anterior ventral half
of the sucker-bearing portion there are three pairs of relatively
large circular suckers, equal in size and sessile. Each of these suckers
is supported by a strong, sickle-shaped chitinous hook, the posterior
end of which is blunt while the anterior end terminates in a slender,
recurved claw. The hook agrees closely with Olsson’s figure of the
corresponding hook in O. emarginata.* The posterior half of the
sucker-bearing portion tapers gently to a blunt, bifid termination,
consisting of two small terminal suckers, longer than broad, and open-
ing posteriorly. On the median line between the bases of these
terminal suckers there is a pair of small hooks, which appear narrow
in dorsoventral view but in lateral view are seen to have relatively
broad bases, from which they taper to sharp-pointed and recurved
ends. The genital pore is on the median line a short distance back
* Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., ser. 2, vol. 14, No. 1, pl. 2, fig. 26, 1876.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
of the anterior sucker and close behind the bifurcation of the in-
testine. The pharynx is relatively small, about as broad as long.
It was not clearly shown in the whole mounts; in sections the length
was 0.075 mm., breadth, 0.06 mm. There appears to be a short
esophagus in some of the mounted specimens, while in others it is
indistinguishable. The intestines could not be traced in whole
mounts, but in sections the two rami are seen to unite at the end of
the body proper, and to continue as a single tube in the posterior
sucker-bearing portion. The cirrus is dorsal to the anterior end of
the uterus and enters the genital cloaca in front of the uterus. The
testes are numerous and occupy the midregion of the posterior third
of the body proper behind the ovary. The vas deferens is dorsal to
the uterus. The ovary, at the center of the body, is longer than broad
on right of median line and appears to be slightly lobed on its
lateral margin. It was not clearly outlined in any of the mounted
specimens. The vitelline reservoir is conspicuous. It is ventrally
placed and is somewhat triangular in outline. It receives a duct
from each side at its anterior angles and sends a short duct to the
shell gland from its posterior angle. The vitellaria are diffuse and
fill the lateral regions of the body from a little way back of the level
of the genital pore and in large degree conceal the other genitalia.
They extend into the sucker-bearing portion nearly to the terminal
suckers. The uterus passes forward on the ventral side of the vas
deferens to the genital pore. Ova were present in the uterus of each
of the six mounted specimens, from 4 to 37, with an average of about
18. They are more or less oval-elliptical in outline with an elongated
filament at each end; about 0.13 by 0.53 mm., exclusive of filaments.
The division between the right and left vitellaria is narrow in front
of the space occupied by the ovary, shell gland, and vitelline reser-
voir. The vitellaria overlap the testes and part of the ovary.
TasLe 4.—Measurements of six specimens of Onchocotyle mavori in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm.
Lengthiol body propers= seas = see ween eee 4.83 4.69 4.55 4.42 4.34 3.78
Length of sucker-bearing portion___._._._..__-________ 2.10 2.10 2.17 2.31 2.45 2.10
Diametenjanterior suckers s-2 see eee ene eae .o5 .35 . 38 .38 . 36 -35
Maximum diameter offpogye- seen ase en eee 1.12 1.08 1. 06 -92 . 84 . 68
Diameter larger posterior suckers____..___-_-.._--_--- . 45 242 42 42 .49 .35
Posterior terminal sucker, length______________________ .21 s21 APA el no .21
Posterior terminal sucker, breadth__...______-________ .14 .14 .14 .10 14 .14
A specimen in glycerin measured 5 mm. in length, 1.14 mm. in
maximum breadth; breadth of anterior sucker, 0.42 mm.; diameter of
pharynx, 0.09 mm. Measurements of specimen in alcohol: Length,
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 13
10 mm.; length of sucker-bearing portion, 3 mm.; diameter of an-
terior sucker, 0.38 mm.; maximum diameter of body, 0.81 mm.; di-
ameter of one of the larger pair of suckers, 0.42 mm.; one of posterior
terminal suckers, length 0.25 mm., breadth 0.14 mm.
Type specimens.—Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 8155; paratypes, No.
8412.
Family DICLIDOPHORIDAE Fuhrmann, 1928
Genus DICLIDOPHORA Diesing, 1850
DICLIDOPHORA AFFINIS (Linton)
Octoplectanum affine Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 511, 512, pl.
51, figs. 1-5, 1898.
Diclidophora affinis (Linton), Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 482, 1901.
Three specimens of this species (U.S.N.M. No. 8156) were collected
in the summer of 1905 from the mouth of the summer flounder
(Paralichthys dentatus) by Dr. J. F. McClendon.
DICLIDOPHORA PINGUIS, new species
PLATE 15, FicurEs 197-199
The trematodes here described were taken from the mouth of
Albatrossia pectoralis in the northwest Pacific, June 7, 1906; U. S.
Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, station 4781, depth 482
fathoms.
Ten specimens were given to me by Willis H. Rich at the Bureau
of Fisheries Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., in the summer of 1925.
Measurements in alcohol: Length of body, 4 mm.; of sucker-bearing
portion, about 3 mm.; breadth at level of anterior suckers, 0.56 mm.,
maximum, middle of body, 2.1 mm.; anterior suckers, length, 0.35
mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.46 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.
In another specimen the breadth at level of anterior suckers was 0.45
mm.; anterior suckers, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; phar-
ynx, length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm. Dimensions of a posterior
sucker in glycerin: Length of pedicel, 0.42 mm., diameter, 0.46 mm.;
maximum diameter of sucker, 1.4 mm.
The alcoholic specimens agree in having a short, narrow anterior
portion, which is sharply marked off from the body, necklike, nearly
cylindrical, tapering but slightly to the anterior end. The body proper
is stout and oblong-elliptical in outline. Sections show it to be very
muscular. It is doubtless capable of much elongation. The mouth
appears to be terminal; anterior suckers oval-elliptical; pharynx
relatively large, its anterior edge lying at the posterior edges of the
anterior suckers, its posterior end about on a level with the con-
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
striction, which marks off the anterior portion from the body proper.
The esophagus is short. The intestinal rami appear to continue to
near the posterior end of the sucker-bearing portion. The genital
atrium is close behind the forking of the intestine, and appears to
lie a little to one side of the median line. It is surrounded by strong
muscles, but no hooks were seen either in whole mounts or in sec-
tions. The breadth of the muscular atrium in cross sections is 0.15
mm., its vertical diameter, 0.08 mm. The ovary, with its spacious
portion containing large nucleated germ cells, lies a short distance
behind the genital atrium. The shell gland is dorsally placed. The
vitellaria begin at the level of the posterior end of the pharynx and
extend to the posterior end of the body proper. The testes are
numerous and fill a wide median space between the ovary and a
point near the posterior end of the body. The sucker-bearing por-
tion bears eight relatively large, pedicelled suckers, arranged sym-
metrically, four on each side. The suckers are supported by a chi-
tinous frame work which forms a cross, characteristic of the genus
Diclidophora.
Type specimens.—Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 8157; paratypes, No.
8158.
Family DISCOCOTYLIDAE Price, 1936
Genus ANTHOCOTYLE van Beneden and Hesse, 1863
ANTHOCOTYLE MERLUCCII AMERICANUS MacCallum
PLATE 16, Ficures 200, 201
Anthocotyle merluccit americanus MacCaLLum, Zoopathologica, vol. 1, pp. 25-27
figs. 10, 10A, 1916.
?
I find one specimen of this species in my collection, from gills of
the whiting (Merluccius bilinearis), collected July 2, 1924. Length,
life, 8 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8191).
Measurements in balsam: Length, 7.5 mm.; maximum breadth, at
level of ovary, 1.26 mm.; diameter anterior suckers, 0.07 mm.; phar-
ynx, length 0.08 mm., breadth 0.07 mm.; larger posterior suckers,
left, length 0.52 mm., breadth 0.63 mm.; right, length 0.45 mm.,
breadth 0.52 mm.; smaller posterior suckers, length 0.06 mm., breadth
0.08 mm.; length of terminal spines 0.06 mm.
Some points of difference between this specimen and those studied
by Dr. MacCallum were noted. Thus, the left of the larger posterior
suckers are the larger instead of the right. The terminal hooklets
are not of uniform size and shape. There are also paired vaginae
(pl. 16, fig. 200).
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 15
Family HEXASTOMATIDAE Price, 1936
Genus HEXOSTOMA Rafinesque, 1815
HEXOSTOMA THYNNI (De la Roche)
Hexacotyle thynni (De la Roche), Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p.
446, figs. 296-298, 1901.
Record is here made of one specimen of this species, collected Au-
gust 21, 1900, by Dr. C. B. Wilson from the mouth of the bonito
(Sarda sarda).
Dimensions in life: Length 5 mm., breadth 1.5 mm. Color faint
red. When compressed under cover glass a mass of globular bodies
of different sizes was extruded from the excretory pore.
Family MAZOCRAEIDAE Price, 1936
Genus MAZOCRAEOIDES Price, 1936
MAZOCRAEOIDES GEORGE! Price, 1936
PLATE 16, FiaurEs 202-209
Mazocraeoides georgei Prick, George Washington Univ. Bull. (Summaries of
Doctoral Theses, 1934-36), p. 18, 1936.
Body, at rest and in preserved material, lanceolate; in life, capable
of great alterations of length and breadth, usually slightly pointed
in front of anterior suckers. Posterior third of body, more or less,
with four suckers on each side; suckers with chitinous frames, and
pedicels, which are very flexible in life, extending to a length nearly
equal to half the breadth of the body and contracting until the
chitinous portion is immersed in the substance of the body. In
preserved material the pedicels of the posterior suckers are short.
There is a cluster of six hooks at the posterior end, one larger pair,
and two smaller pairs between the larger. Pharynx elliptical, longer
than broad, near anterior suckers; esophagus as long as or longer
than pharynx; rami of intestine much branched, but concealed by the
vitellaria; genital sucker armed with short, recurved spines, a short
distance back of forking of intestine. The single testis is in the
posterior third, on the left side of the median line, and is deeply
lobed on the lateral margin. The ovary, including germ-containing
portion, lies on the right side of the median line parallel with the
testis, extending a little farther anteriorly than the testis, but not
quite so far posteriorly. The anterior portion, the ovary proper,
is compact, the posterior, more elongated portion contains large,
nucleated germ cells. The vitellaria are very voluminous and extend
in broad lateral masses from a short distance behind the genital
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL. 88
sucker to the posterior end, where the lateral masses meet behind the
testis. There is a vitelline reservoir on the median line in front of
the level of the ovary. It is somewhat variable in shape and position,
depending on the quantity of yolk. What was interpreted to be a
seminal receptacle was seen in a few cases in front of the ovary.
The shell gland and ootype are about on the median line on a level
with the anterior portion of the ovary. The ova are elongate, with
a filament at each end.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 2 mm.; breadth, at level of
anterior suckers, 0.07 mm., in front of sucker-bearing portion, about
0.75 mm.; diameter of anterior sucker, 0.027 mm.; pharynx, length
0.045 mm., breadth, 0.027 mm.; ova diameter, 0.06 mm.; length, exclu-
sive of filaments, about 0.26 mm.
Hosts—Alewite (Pomolobus pseudoharengus) and hickory shad
(P. mediocris).
Record of collections—F ive (U.S.N.M. No. 8159), collected August
11, 1908, from gills of alewife. Rami of intestines of most of them
bright red; numerous minute black pigment spots in lateral areas.
These worms were very active, contracting to a length of 0.6 mm. and
stretching to a length of 1.8 mm.; posterior suckers, four on each
side on very flexible and contractile pedicels, extending to more than
half the breadth of the posterior half of the body, and contracting
until no pedicel could be seen, the sucker even becoming immersed
in the substance of the body; six slender hooks at the posterior end
of the body, the part where they are implanted being very contractile,
the hooks being so arranged as to have a grasping motion; worms
fragile.
Number not recorded, collected July 8, 1910, on gills of alewife.
Color by reflected light white, with numerous small brown pigment
granules; margins and anterior end translucent, by transmitted light
the axial region also translucent and somewhat yellowish. In a
few cases the intestines were red. Body crossed by fine, crinkly lines
with short, twiglike branchings.
Many, collected on August 17, 1910, on gills of a 22-cm. alewife.
This worm has extraordinary powers of extension and contraction,
especially of the part anterior to the sucker-bearing portion. The
anterior end may be extended into a fine, threadlike neck, or it may
be contracted so that the whole worm is as broad as it is long. ‘These
changes take place very rapidly.
One, collected August 20, 1910, from gills of hickory shad.
One, collected July 6, 1912. After this date no special search was
made for gill parasites, since about this time the study of the mono-
genetic trematodes was taken up by Dr. MacCallum.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 17
Genus PLEUROCOTYLE Gervais and van Beneden, 1859
PLEUROCOTYLE SCOMBRI (Gervais and van Beneden)
PLATE 16, FicuRES 210-214
See Stites and Hassatt, U. S. Hyg. Lab. Bull. 37, p. 346, 1908, for references.
A trematode from the gills of the chub mackerel (Pnewmatophorus
grea), collected August 9, 1908, is referred to this species (U.S.N.M.
No. 8160).
The worm is divided by a constriction into two parts, an anterior
lanceolate and a posterior clavate portion. The posterior portion
carries four conspicuous suckers, from 0.2 to 0.4 mm. in diameter,
in a longitudinal row. The first three suckers are longer than broad,
the fourth is broader than long. Behind the fourth sucker there is a
fifth minute sucker, about 0.04 mm. in diameter. It lies 0.15 mm. be-
hind the fourth sucker, and about 0.03 mm. from the posterior margin
of the sucker-bearing portion. The two suckers at the anterior end
are longer than broad, the pharynx is at their posterior edges, and
there is a relatively long esophagus. The intestine is profusely
branched, the branches beginning in front of the point of forking.
The intestines continue into the posterior, sucker-bearing portion.
The genital cloaca is about halfway between the pharynx and the
forking of the intestine. It is armed with a cluster of hooks, which
were somewhat broken and disturbed. These hooks appear to have
a large basal portion terminating at the anterior end in a small,
recurved claw. The basal portions together form an oval-elliptical
structure about 0.08 mm. in length and 0.05 mm. in diameter. The
ovary lies near the right side of the median line, 1.26 mm. in front
of the constriction; testes confined to narrow median space, about
1 mm. in length, behind the ovary. The vitellaria begin a short dis-
tance back of the forking of the intestine and extend into the sucker-
bearing portion, filling the body and obscuring the other genitalia.
The follicles are somewhat interrupted in the vicinity of the suckers
but they continue on both sides to the posterior end.
Dimensions in balsam: Length, 7.84 mm.; breadth, anterior 0.16
mm., middle 1.47 mm., near posterior end 1.26 mm.; anterior suckers,
length 0.09 mm., breadth 0.05 mm.; pharynx, length 0.09 mm.,
breadth 0.084 mm.; length of sucker-bearing portion, 2.38 mm.;
breadth, at constriction, 0.7 mm., middle, and to near posterior end,
1.26 mm.; first three posterior suckers, each, length 0.42 mm.,
breadth 0.28 mm.; fourth posterior sucker, length 0.21 mm., breadth
0.8 mm.; minute terminal sucker, diameter about 0.04 mm.
155599—40
9
“
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
Family MICROCOTYLIDAE Taschenberg, 1879
Genus MICROCOTYLE van Beneden and Hesse, 1863
MICROCOTYLE CARANGIS MacCallum
Microcotyle carangis MacCauium, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 35, pp. 394-396, fig. B, 1913.
Six trematodes, collected on July 19, 1912, from the gills of the
hardtail (Paratractus erysos), agree with the description of this
species.
MICROCOTYLE PORONOTI MacCallum
PLATE 16, FiauRE 215
Microcotyle poronoti MAcCatLuM, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 38, pp. 72, 73, 75, fig. B, 1915.
Host.—Dollarfish (Poronotus triacanthus).
Record of collections—One, collected July 2, 1907, from gills of
host. One (U.S.N.M. No. 8161), collected July 11, 1910, length 4
mm., from gills. One, collected July 19, 1910, from gills.
These trematodes agree closely with the descriptions of this spe-
cies. In these specimens, however, the anterior suckers are bilocu-
late, a character not noted in /. poronoti. In the two specimens
mounted in balsam, one has a distinct costa in each of the anterior
suckers; in the other the costae are indistinct.
Dimensions in balsam: Length 5 mm.; breadth, at level of ante-
rior suckers, 0.22 mm., maximum 0.63 mm.; anterior sucker, length
0.07 mm., breadth 0.1 mm.; pharynx, length 0.045 mm.; breadth
0.045 mm.; posterior sucker about 0.054 by 0.09 mm. The length of
the sucker-bearing portion is approximately 1.6 mm.
MICROCOTYLE POMATOMI Goto
PLATE 16, Figures 216-218
Microcotyle pomatomi Goto, Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 12, pp. 278,
279, fig. 27, 1899.
Microcotyle sp. Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 451, figs. 299-306,
1801.
Linear-lanceolate; posterior sucker-bearing portion, and middle
region of anterior portion colorless or translucent white; margins,
including vitellaria, with numerous small black pigment spots. The
number of posterior suckers appears to be 90 to 100 on each side.
Goto gives the number as about 70. Genital atrium spacious, armed
with numerous small recurved hooks. The ovary consists of two por-
tions: a small, compact, many-lobed portion, situated ventrally, on
the median line, and a larger and much convoluted portion, contain-
ing large germ cells, which, beginning at the right dorsal border of
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 19
the compact portion, pursues a somewhat tortuous course, crossing
to the left side of the median line, then passing forward and crossing
to the right side, and returning on the right side of the median line
to the shell gland, which lies in front of the ovary. There it is
joined by the vitelline duct and the duct from the seminal receptacle.
There appears to be some variation in the course of the later folds
of the ovary, but, in general, it is much as in the one shown in the
sketch (pl. 16, fig. 217). There is also some variation in the outlines
of the compact portion of the ovary, but in all it is lobed and broader
than long.
Testes about 50, many of them irregularly lobed.
The suckers near the tip of the sucker-bearing portion are dis-
tinctly in two rows, but near the body proper they do not appear
to be distinctly in two rows, even in some cases appearing to be in
four or more irregular rows. This irregularity is more or less the
result of compression.
TABLE 5.—Measurements of three specimens of Microtyle pomatomi in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3
Heng thes ee So. sncktesse es cke sl oo OL OS eee Sec set cs Pes tee ee 8. 00 7.14 5. 63
mene thiorsucker-bearing portion... 202s eee ae a ee 3. 00 2. 80 2. 53
iBreagth- aL level ofanterior SUCKErS ess same nee okey ee oe ee 20 19 18
Breath sam Sek eee oe es Dre Se es ae ed ieee Be Sve be 1. 33 1.47 1.36
ANICALIONSUCKEr lene t ne See. 2. seen ed ga en NL ee 06 06 06
PATILCHION SUCKET DrOAG tine sce ee ee tee eee AU a Neue Avie ay A aR BI -07 07 07
IPhanyns Lerch Pies her ee SU Se Pires a ee Be Se - 05 . 05 - 05
Pharynx: bread theses on Fe lnk oe aes Frey Se ee es Ue eee . 04 05 . 04
Ova, exclusive of filaments, 0.17 by 0.05 mm., to 0.24 by 0.08 mm.
Posterior suckers about 0.06 by 0.07 mm.
Host—Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatria).
Record of collections —Fifteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8162), collected
August 11, 1904, from gills of host.
Twenty-six, collected July 1, 1910, from gills of host. Measure-
ments, life: Length, 7.5 mm.; length of sucker-bearing portion, 2.5
mm.; maximum breadth, 2 mm.
MICROCOTYLE STENOTOMI Goto
PLATE 16, FicuRE 219
Microcotyle stenotomi Goto, Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 12, pp. 279-
281, pl. 21, fig. 28, 1899.—G. A. and W. G. MacCatium, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 34,
pp. 230, 231, 1913.
This species is probably of frequent occurrence. I have the follow-
ing records for it:
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Host.—Southern porgy (Stenotomus chrysops).
Record of collections —Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8163), collected August
24, 1910, from gills of host; 6 fishes examined. Two, collected
August 27, 1910, from gills; 3 fishes examined. Three, collected
August 29, 1910, from gills; 16 fishes examined. One, collected Au-
gust 30, 1910, from gills; 3 fishes examined.
Measurements in balsam: Length of body proper, 2.94 mm., of
sucker-bearing portion, 0.98 mm.; breadth, at anterior end, 0.17 mm.,
middle, 0.45 mm.; anterior sucker, length, 0.09 mm., breadth, 0.06
mm.; posterior sucker, 0.036 by 0.045 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.036
mm., breadth, 0.03 mm.; egg, exclusive of filaments, 0.21 by 0.56 mm.
Number of testes 12; number of posterior suckers about 48.
MICROCOTYLE FURCATA, new species
PLATE 16, FicuRE 220; PLATE 17, FicurEes 221-223
Body lanceolate, tapering to a blunt point at anterior end; sucker-
bearing portion approximately half the length of the body proper,
and bearing from 20 to 28 suckers on each side; pharynx nearly cir-
cular in outline; esophagus short. The intestines were hidden in
large part by the vitellaria. So far as could be seen the main intes-
tinal branches do not extend posterior to the vitellaria. The genital
atrium is spacious and armed with numerous short, somewhat coni-
cal spines, the greater number of them about 0.006 mm. in length,
but a few at the posterior border of the atrium are about 0.009 mm.
in length. Ovary, as noted in other species of the genus, of two
distinct portions: (1) The ovary proper, consisting of small, closely
packed cells, on the right side of the median line at the anterior
edges of the first testes; broader than long, and in some cases slightly
lobed. Its inner end is about on the median line, whence it extends
to the inner border of the right vitellaria. (2) An elongated and
more or less convoluted portion, containing large nucleated germ
cells. It is somewhat variable, but in general it may be described as
a tubular, greatly enlarged germ duct (pl. 17, fig. 222). It leaves
the anterior dorsal side of the ovary proper, passes forward dorsal
to the shell gland near the median line, turns, and crosses the median
line. It may then turn and run back for a short distance, turn
again, and return on itself, and run parallel to its former course,
thus forming a more or less horseshoe-shaped structure, with the
closed end pointing forward. It ends in front of the ovary proper
where it narrows to form the germ duct, which is joined, first, by
the short duct from the seminal receptacle, which lies near the ante-
rior border of the ovary proper, and then a little farther by the
vitelline duct. It then enters the region of the shell gland, from
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 21
which it emerges as the uterus to pass along the median line ventral
to the vas deferens to the genital atrium. Testes from 14 to 24.
In the seven specimens mounted in balsam one has 14 testes, four
have 15 each, one 16, and one about 24. They extend from the poste-
rior edge of the ovary to a point a little in front of the posterior end
of the vitellaria. The vitellaria begin a short distance back of the
level of the genital atrium and continue in a broad band on each
lateral margin to unite behind the testes. A few follicles continue
into the sucker-bearing portion. Y-shaped yolk ducts are a conspic-
uous feature in most cases. In some of them these ducts expand
into capacious yolk reservoirs. They originate, one on each side a
little in front of the middle, and unite in a common duct on the
median line a short distance in front of the ovary proper.
Measurements in balsam: Length of body proper 2.1 mm., of
sucker-bearing portion 1.7 mm., breadth at level of anterior suckers
0.14 mm., at level of genital atrium 0.35 mm., at level of ovary 0.81
mm.; anterior sucker, length 0.045 mm., breadth 0.06 mm.; pharynx,
length 0.045 mm., breadth 0.039 mm. (in another specimen length,
0.045 mm., breadth, 0.045 mm.) ; posterior sucker, 0.075 by 0.045 mm.
Smallest number of suckers counted on one side 20, largest number
noted 28; one was noted that had 28 suckers on one side and 24 on
the other.
Type specimen.—Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 8164.
Host.—Tautog (Tautoga onitis).
Record of collections.—One, collected August 15, 1908, from gills
of host; length, 3 mm., breadth, 0.5 mm.; 42 suckers on sucker-bearing
portion.
Many, collected July 9, 1910, from gills; color white, except in
vicinity of vitellaria. In some cases the intestine was red by reflected,
yellowish by transmitted, light. Length, 4 mm., more or less.
Three, collected August 3, 1910, on gills.
Few, collected August 10, 1910, on gills.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8164), collected by Vinal N. Edwards, May 4,
1914, from gills; length, 4.25 mm.
MICROCOTYLE SPINICIRRUS MacCallum
Microcotyle spinicirrus MacCaLLum, Zoopathologica, vol. 1, No. 3, p. 95, fig. 50,
1918.
Host.—F¥ resh-water drum (Aplodinotus grunniens).
fecord of collection—A small number of these trematodes
(U.S.N.M. No. 8165), collected by T. Serbes, Fairport, Iowa, and sent
to me by Dr. R. E. Coker, were received on July 23, 1913. They
agree in general with Dr. MacCallum’s description of the species.
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88
Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.8 mm.; maximum breadth, 0.5
mm.; length of sucker-bearing portion, 1.8 mm.; anterior suckers,
length, 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.0833 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.075 mm.,
breadth, 0.048 mm.; diameter of circle of hooks at genital pore, 0.1
mm.; length of hooks, about 0.04 mm.; diameter of cluster of cirrus
hooks, 0.05 mm.; length of hooks, 0.036 mm.; length of a posterior
sucker about 0.06 mm., breadth about 0.08 mm.; length of ovum, ex-
clusive of filaments, 0.24 mm., diameter, 0.07 mm. The number
of posterior suckers was about 50 on each side.
MICROCOTYLE species
PLATE 17, FicurES 224-227
Two specimens from the gills of the squeteague (Cynoscion regalis)
are here noted. The species differs from M. longicauda Goto, from
the same host, in the number of caudal suckers, the number of testes,
and in the character of the genital atrium.
The collection consists of a single mounted specimen.
Record. of collections —One, collected August 9, 1903. It was acci-
dentally crushed while it was under examination. Hooks of the gen-
ital atrium of three kinds. Plate 17, figure 226, was sketched from
the crushed specimen. Ova fusiform, with filament at one end.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8166), collected August 22, 1914. This speci-
men, slightly damaged, is mounted in balsam. The number of testes
is about 20. The ovary is lobed. The portion containing ripe germ
cells forms a horseshoe-shaped loop with the open end toward the
posterior end. The vitellaria extend into the sucker-bearing portion.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 4.5 mm.; breadth, at level of
anterior suckers, 0.2 mm., at level of ovary 0.9 mm.; length of sucker-
bearing portion about 2.3 mm.; anterior sucker, length, 0.09 mm.,
breadth, 0.06 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.05 mm.;
posterior suckers, 0.07 by 0.05 mm.; about 70 suckers on each side.
Genus AXINE Abilgaard, 1794
AXINE GRACILIS, new species
PLATE 17, Figures 228-230
The collection contains three specimens, mounted in balsam: two
adults, one of which lacks the greater part of the region back of the
ovary, and one young specimen.
These worms are slender and of nearly uniform breadth through-
out the greater part of the length, tapering slightly near the anterior
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 23
end, which is characterized by having a shallow notch with irreg-
ularly scalloped outline at the extreme anterior tip in front of the
somewhat diagonally placed anterior suckers. The posterior end is
expanded into a trumpet-shaped, sucker-bearing portion asymmetri-
cally placed. There are about 60 posterior suckers in the adult spec-
imen and about 50 in the young specimen. The pharynx is small and
the esophagus short. The intestines, except near the anterior end, are
concealed by the vitellaria. Genital atrium, behind forking of in-
testine, unarmed, Ovary at about the anterior third of the body,
folded upon itself, the two ends pointing forward. In the adult
specimen the right and shorter portion of the ovary contains small
and much crowded germ cells; the left portion is about twice the
length of the right, and contains large germ cells, with thick
walls. The seminal receptacle and yolk reservoir le in front of
the left division of the ovary, and the shell gland and ootype
at its anteromedian border. The follicles of the vitellaria are rather
coarse, and fill the body from near the anterior, to near the posterior
end, and from side to side except a narrow region along the median
line, in front of and behind the ovary, and the space occupied by
the ovary. The testes lie in a linear series, and are confined to a
narrow median region reaching from the ovary to within a short
distance of the posterior end of the vitellaria. In the adult specimen
20 testes were counted, and in the young specimen 14.
Measurements of adult in balsam: Length, 5.2 mm.; breadth,
0.45 mm.; anterior suckers, length, 0.03 mm.; breadth, 0.04 mm.;
anterior end to intestinal rami, 0.18 mm., to vitellaria, 0.7 mm.;
posterior end to vitellaria, 0.4 mm.
Type specimens—Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 8168; paratypes, No.
8167.
Host.—Garfish (Strongylura marina).
Record of collections.—One, collected September 9, 1907, from gills
of a 9.5-inch garfish. The process of eggz-making was in progress
in this specimen. So far as it could be seen it proceeded in the same
order as has been observed in E’ntobdella bumpusit.®
One, collected August 27, 1910.
One young (U.S.N.M. No. 8167), collected August 30, 1911. Di-
mensions, balsam: Length, 2 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm., anterior end to
vitellaria, 0.4 mm.; anterior suckers, length, 0.03 mm., breadth,
0.036 mm.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8168), collected September 10, 1912.
> Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898, pp. 286, 287, 1900; and Biol. Bull., vol. 14, pp. 19-26,
1908.
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
HETERAXINE, new genus
This trematode agrees with the genus Microcotyle in having nu-
merous suckers in two longitudinal rows on the posterior sucker-
bearing portion, but differs from that genus in having the suckers of
one of the rows fewer and much larger than those in the other row.
Type species —Heteraxine cokeri, new species.
HETERAXINE COKER], new species
PLATE 17, Ficures 231-233
Body stoutish, tapering slightly to a rounded point at the anterior
end; posterior sucker-bearing portion with two parallel rows of
suckers, the one on the right side containing about 10 large suckers,
the one on the left side with 30 or more small suckers. AI the
suckers are supported by a chitinous framework. Length in balsam,
about 5 mm.; breadth, 1 mm. One of the large suckers measured
0.28 mm. in length and 0.35 mm. in breadth; one of the small suckers,
length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm. Length of anterior suckers,
0.1 mm., breadth, 0.06; pharynx, length, 0.09 mm., breadth, 0.07 mm. ;
esophagus very short; genital aperture a short distance back of
pharynx, at forking of intestine; retracted cirrus with a fascicle of
slender spinelike hooks. These hooks are arranged in two circles,
an outer with hooks 0.045 mm. in length and an inner with hooks
0.12 mm. in length. The ovary, as much of it as could be made out,
which is the part that contains large, nucleated cells, begins on the
left side of the median line, goes forward a short distance, crosses to
the outer side, then turns posteriorly, and immediately returns to
the median line, or a little to the left of it. Two main vitelline ducts
unite in a single short vessel on the ventral side of the ovary. It was
not possible to determine the exact number of testes, on account of
the irregular shape and lobed character of some of them. The num-
ber appeared to be about 30. The vitellaria extend from about the
level of the genital opening to near the posterior end of the sucker-
bearing portion. An ovum in the uterus measured 0.3 mm, in length,
exclusive of the long filament at the anterior end, and 0.08 mm. in
diameter; another measured 0.4 by 0.11 mm., exclusive of the anterior
filament.
Type specimens —U.S.N.M. No. 8169 (holotype and paratypes)
Host.—F resh-water drum (Aplodinotus grunniens).
Record of collection—Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8169) received from
Dr. R. E. Coker, Fairport, Iowa, No. 360 Meek Collection, May
2, 1913.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 25
Order DIGENEA van Beneden, 1858
Suborder GASTEROSTOMATA Odhner, 1905
Family GASTEROSTOMIDAE Braun, 1883
Subfamily GASTEROSTOMINAE Monticelli, 1892
Genus GASTEROSTOMUM Siebold, 1848
GASTEROSTOMUM ARCUATUM Linton
PLATE 18, Ficures 234, 235
Gasterostomum arcuatum ‘LINTON, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 277, 278,
297, 298, figs. 85-90, 1900; ibid., p. 446, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24,
pp. 368, 365, fig. 235, 1905.
As in other species of the Gasterostomidae, when any considerable
number of individuals are examined, much variation in the relative
positions of the genitalia is seen. This is due, in large part, to the
ova, which often accumulate in enormous numbers. Thus, in the
specimen figured it will be noted that the cirrus pouch extends only
about halfway from the posterior end to the second testis, whereas
it was represented in the original description of the species as ex-
tending to the second testis. Also, instead of only about three vitel-
line follicles on each side behind the level of the ventral sucker, there
are in this specimen about twice that number. The number of
follicles is, as a rule, 16 on each side. In the specimen figured the
number appeared to be 16 on the left side and 15 on the right. The
saccular intestine, in uncompressed specimens, seems to extend back
to the ventral sucker, but in flattened specimens it may extend both
anteriorly and posteriorly, as shown in the figure.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.38 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.;
anterior sucker, length, 0.075 mm., breadth, 0.081 mm.; ventral sucker,
length, 0.06 mm., breadth, 0.066 mm.; ova, rather thick-shelled, about
0.018 by 0.01 mm.
Hosts——This species appears to be of frequent occurrence in the
bonito (Sarda sarda), where it has been found free in the stomach
and intestine, also encysted in the pyloric caeca and liver. Other hosts:
Common mackerel (Scomber scombrus), cutlassfish (T'richiurus leptu-
rus), common codfish (Gadus morrhua).
Record of collections——Recorded from the bonito on 19 dates in
July and August, in 9 different years, from 1903 to 1928; approxi-
mately 1,100 from 15 fishes in July and 500 from 15 fishes in August
(U.S.N.M. No. 8170).
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL, 88
On August 20, 1903, yellowish cysts 3 mm. in diameter, more or
less, were found on the serous coat of the pyloric ceca of a bonito.
Some of the deeper cysts were covered with a silvery coat. Most
of the ova from these cysts were about 0.018 by 0.011 mm. There
was some variation in size. Thus cne ovum measured 0.021 by 0.014
mm. On July 22, 1926, the liver of a bonito, thickly beset with cysts,
was brought to me by Dr. Rudolph Bennett. The older cysts were
dark brown and filled with waxy, degenerate tissue; others yellow.
While examining a piece of the liver two gasterostomes were noted.
Later, after teasing portions of the liver, 250 gasterostomes were
secured. A cyst, 8 mm. in diameter, was opened and found to be
filled with eggs of this gasterostome. It would appear that the worms
make their way from the stomach into the liver by way of the bile
duct, in the branches of which they remain free for some time.
Ultimately they become centers of irritation which are closed off
by walls of connective tissue.
Five, collected July 26, 1928, from mackerel; viscera of 12 fishes
examined. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.26 mm.; breadth,
0.18 mm.; diameter of anterior sucker, 0.07 mm., of ventral sucker,
0.04 mm.; anterior end to vitellaria, 0.28 mm., to ventral sucker,
0.388 mm.; ova with thickish shells, 0.015 by 0.009 mm.
Two, collected by Vinal N. Edwards, June 18, 1913, from cutlass-
fish. Lengths in formalin, 1.92 and 2.1mm. The neck is relatively
shorter and thicker than it is in specimens from the bonito. In
balsam the vitellaria are seen in lateral view and it is difficult to
determine their number; 32 were counted in one and 28 in the other.
Measurements of larger specimen in balsam: Length, 1.68 mm.;
breadth, 0.39 mm.; anterior end to ventral sucker, 0.39 mm.; diameter
of anterior sucker, 0.1 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.07 mm.; ova with
thickish shells, 0.018 by 0.012 mm.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8170), collected December 18, 1912, from cod-
fish; 10 fishes examined. This specimen, somewhat macerated, is filled
with ova, which obscure the anatomy. The cirrus pouch extends to
the level of the middle of the second testis. The testes are relatively
large, close together, one following the other; the ovary is separated
by a short space from the first testis; vitellaria largely concealed by
the ova, but appear to extend to the first testis, being represented by
granules not aggregated into follicles. Dimensions in balsam:
Length, 2.83 mm., breadth, 0.24 mm.; diameter of anterior sucker
about 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.06 mm.;
anterior end to first folds of uterus, 0.48 mm., to vitellaria, 0.81 mm. ;
ova somewhat variable in size and outline, about 0.21 by 0.012 mm.,
shells thickish.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 27
GASTEROSTOMUM CAPITATUM, new species
PLATE 18, FrecurEs 236-239
Fusiform, tapering rather more toward anterior than posterior
end; densely covered with minute, blunt spines; anterior sucker
ventral, preceded by a capitate hoodlike structure, which when fully
expanded is much broader than the diameter of the neck at the level
of the anterior sucker. Vitellaria 16 or more on each side, separated
from the anterior sucker by a space equal to one-fifth or more of the
length and extending little, if any, back of the level of the ventral
sucker. Ventral sucker a little in front of the middle of the body;
intestinal caecum, in uncompressed specimens, posterior to ventral
sucker; ovary on right side of intestine; testes on right side, close
together, one following the other, the first testis near the ovary. The
cirrus pouch extends forward to the level of the second testis. The
uterus may fill the greater part of the body back of the vitellaria, but
was not observed to extend in front of the vitellaria.
Type specimens.—U.S.N.M. No. 8172 (holotype and paratypes).
TABLE 6.—MVeasurements of five specimens of Gasterstomum capitatum in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4 5
Weerip tSeee Se RGF fe See Ts EE ae lB SSE) eek 1.82 1.96 1.82 1. 68 1.05
Breadth ofcanitate head 22-2 ke ee eee kG, - 20 ~22 moe .21
Breadth; leveliofianterior sucker .—- 2225-2. _=- 2222-2 ee .14 ana ald .14 15
Breadth} inearimiddle; maximum *. 200) 232! ware sey . 57 . 50 - 63 43 .42
ANLCrIOn SUCKer ong the. aa A ee -10 opal 11 ait 2
AM enionsucker sbreaG thee a= 2-5 cee eae -10 -il ol sii wl2
Diametoriveutralisucker.-_ 22 20s2 32 Ske Ne eee eae eg as Ley - 06 .07 .07 .07 .07
Anterionendito vitellaria- WW 228. OS. A ea ee ee 55 59 42 38 35
Anterioriend: to: ventralisucker: -222s20- 22 2hoce ee ae ee 76 90 73 62 52
Host—F¥rigate mackerel (Auais rochei).
Record of collection—Seventeen (U.S.N.M. No. 8172), collected
July 12, 1912. Dimensions, life, compressed: Length, 2.21 mm.;
breadth, of capitate anterior end, 0.24 mm., maximum of body, 0.66
mm.; diameter of anterior sucker, 0.21 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.1
mm.; ova, 0.015 by 0.01 mm., shells not thick.
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Subfamily PROSORHYNCHINAE Nicoll, 1914
Genus PROSORHYNCHUS Odhner, 1905
PROSORHYNCHUS CRUCIBULUM (Rudolphi)
PLATE 18, Ficures 240-242
Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi), Nicott, Parasitology, vol. 3, pp. 352-354,
fig. 7, 1910.
Two gasterostomes from the conger eel, mounted in balsam, al-
though showing the anatomy incompletely on account of the masses
of ova which fill the greater part of the body back of the vitellaria,
agree closely with this species as it is described by Nicoll. The body
is covered with minute spines and does not vary much in breadth;
the breadth at the widest part approximately one-third the length.
The anterior sucker is a comparatively large muscular structure, to
which Nicoll gives the appropriate name “rhynchus.” It tapers to a
wedge shape posteriorly and reaches about to the anterior follicles of
the vitellaria. The follicles of the vitellaria are irregular in shape,
and form an arcuate, transverse cluster in front of the intestinal
caecum and anterior folds of the uterus. The ventral sucker is a little
back of the middle, and the intestinal caecum is directed forward.
In one of the specimens the testes are opposite, the ovary lies at the
dorsal border of the right testis, and the cirrus pouch impinges on
the posterior edge of the right testis. In the other specimen the
testes are crowded to the right side and the cirrus pouch is on the
left side, its anterior end about on a level with the left testis, which
is at the anteromedian border of the right testis. The ovary is at
the anterior border of the right testis, its posterior border also touch-
ing the left testis, and its anterior edge on a level with the ventral
sucker. The ova have thickish shells, but are somewhat distorted
when closely packed together; average size about 0.036 by 0.024 mm.
Host.—Conger eel (Conger conger).
TABLE 7.—Measurements of two specimens of Prosorhynchus crucibulum in
balsam
Measurement 1 2
Mm Mm.
1 CY 6g 10 5 ee pa a Pape EAS SL 9 EEN DIP Sreemeege rent) AER PAS NTE ess ee ee ae de oe 1. 96 2. 24
Da ge): (0 Ns ene i Ad Ep ph eB et eee eam ee Ll ae TLR BN eel sas nl ey oa .70 -70
Anterior sucker) length: 2. 20.0 See a Re SU, ih .39 . 67
Anterior sucker Dreagth enn eae 1 ee ne are a eens ay ee . 28 52
Diameter of-ventral Sucker eo. oe aR ON a ee 18 .19
Anteriorend:tosvitellaria 2 Gog see 2 ce ee Ted ee la ee - 38 . 63
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 29
Record of collection—Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8173), collected Sep-
tember 20, 1912; length in formalin, 3 mm.; breadth, 1 mm.
PROSORHYNCHUS OVATUS (Linton)
PLATE 18, Figures 248, 244
Monostomum orbiculare Rudolphi, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp.
541, 542, pl. 54, figs. 2-5, 1899.
Gasterostomum ovatum Lan'ron, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 297, 1900;
ibid., p. 457, 1901.
Prosorhynchus ovatus (Linton), Dott~rus, Fauna des Colonies Frangaises,
Helmintha, vol. 1, pp. 100-105, figs. 14-17, 1929.
Since earlier descriptions of this species have been lacking in some
particulars, the following emended description is given:
Body ovate, depressed, flattened ventrally, convex dorsally, covered
with minute spines; broadest as a rule about at the level of the ventral
sucker, which is not far from the anterior third; broadly rounded at
the anterior end and usually tapering posteriorly to a bluntly rounded
point. Anterior sucker subterminal, nearly circular; ventral sucker
approximately one-half the diameter of the anterior sucker. The
sacculate intestine extends forward from the ventral sucker and gives
off a slender cecum from its dorsal side, which extends back about to,
or a little beyond, the posterior end of the second testis, its posterior
end lying between the second testis and the anterior half of the cirrus-
pouch, Testes two, on the right side, somewhat variable in shape,
in some cases being longer than broad, in others broader than long,
and in yet others circular in outline, close together, usually somewhat
diagonally placed. The cirrus pouch les on the left side of the
median line, its anterior end, which encloses the seminal vesicle,
extending forward about to the level of the anterior edge of the
TaBLe 8.—Measurements of five specimens of Prosorhynchus ovatus in balsam.
(1 to 4, whole mounts; 5, frontal sections)
Measurement 1 2 3 4 5
Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm.
Moennig Uae oe at a es n= Se ME Sh ee a Se oe 3.15 2. 84 2. 52 2.24 1. 68
Breadth, level of anterior sucker______.__.___-____-_--____-___- 63 70 - 63 70 -35
Breadth leveliofiventralisucker.- 22-20 8k = 1. 22 1. 28 1. 26 1. 26 . 63
Broad thy eam DOSLeCLION ON Came ae as oe se tee ae eee 56 56 49 49 - 28
Anterior end to ventral sucker___.____-.____--_____--------_-_- 98 1.07 95 71 - 63
SANTOPION SUCKOL LENE bie ess ae 2 nee eo kes hee he ES BN 25 25 . 28 25 .16
FATILELION SUCK OL; DICROL Ne sa— 2 sean see eens oe yee . 26 . 24 ARP . 28 - 20
Diameteriof ventral/suckers) 834. 28. Disa oil eit -15 -15 15 -15 212
Ovary lenet iis soakese 928 6 es el ie ie ee . 24 30 . 30 al! 18
Ovary preddthias score eee ance eee se eee 21 22 . 22 -16 14
Wirstitestiss lengthue few Sieve. Se See Bas see Sey te ees 49 52 . 36 - 28 22
irstitestis: bresdunee 2-952 2k eg yl a 2 31 42 32 .29 18
Secondtestis; deneth*: -s~-oe ane ee ee eee 60 62 35 . 32 24
SeconditestisAbreddt hia cee a Fas ee £9 8 Oe aE 28 35 . 36 .32 17
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
second testis. Ovary on right side in front of first testis, from which
it is separated usually by a space approximately equal to its own
diameter, and usually a little in front of the level of the ventral
sucker; shell gland at posteromedian border of ovary. The viteilaria
are arranged in a somewhat arcuate cluster of follicles on each side
from about the level of the ventral sucker to the level of the posterior
border of the anterior sucker. The lateral clusters of follicles may or
may not meet in the midventral region behind the anterior sucker.
The folds of the uterus are widely distributed, and may extend from
the posterior end as far forward as the level of the anterior border
of the sacculate intestine, or farther. The ova are very numerous;
they measure about 0.018 by 0.015 mm. in balsam, and have thickish
shells.
Host.—¥ lasher (Lobotes surinamensis).
Record of collections—Nine (U.S.N.M. No. 8174), collected August
1, 1918.
PROSORHYNCHUS GRACILESCENS (Rudolphi)
PLATE 18, Fiaurgs 245-249
Gasterostomum sp. Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 277, 298, fig. 91,
1900; ibid. p. 442, 1901.
Gasterostomum gracilescens Rudolphi, Linton, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24,
p. 335, figs. 230-232, 1905.—Wagner, TENNENT, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol.
49, pp. 635-690, pls. 39-42, 1906.
I refer to this species certain gasterostomes of very diverse shape,
frequently occurring in the garfish (Strongylura marina) and simi-
lar forms and found less frequently in the silversides (Menidia
notata) and other Woods Hole fishes.
These forms vary in size, shape, and relative positions of the geni-
talia. The body, densely covered with small, scalelike spines, is
usually more or less fusiform. The anterior sucker is relatively large
and ventrally placed. The anterior end varies from capitate to
bluntly and evenly rounded. The ventral sucker is usually a little
in front of the middle, but, in strongly contracted specimens, it may
be about the middle; it is subglobular and joined to the oval-ellip-
tical, or pyriform, intestinal cecum by a short esophagus. The intes-
tinal cecum is directed toward the anterior end. The cirrus pouch is
relatively large, on the left side, its posterior portion thin-walled and
more or less coiled in contracted specimens; the anterior portion is
thick-walled, and encloses the seminal vesicle at its anterior end. The
testes are usually diagonally placed, the second near the right side
with the first at its anteromedian edge. They are not far from the
middle of the length. They may, however, be crowded into various
positions by the accumulating ova. In some cases they may lie, one
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 31
behind the other, close to the right side, or nearly opposite each other
near the median line. Usually the first testis is behind the level of
the ventral sucker, but in some cases it is crowded forward until its
posterior edge is on a level with the ventral sucker. The ovary lies
in front of the testes, and is usually near or in contact with one or
both of the testes. It may be larger or smaller than a testis, or it
may be about the same dimensions. Usually the testes are about the
same size, circular, oval, subtriangular, to oval-elliptical in outline.
The vitellaria, consisting of about 32 follicles, extend across the body
from side to side, in some cases a short distance back of the anterior
sucker, in others crowded forward so as to overlap the anterior
sucker. The follicles extend but a short ways, if at all, along the
sides. The uterus is very voluminous and may fill the body from
the posterior end to the anterior sucker, thus more or less obscuring
the anatomy. The eggs are small, about 0.015 by 0.009 mm. in bal-
sam; shells thin, and usually more or less collapsed. No satisfactory
formula can be given to describe the relative positions of the geni-
talia. For example, the anterior end of the cirrus pouch is, in some
cases, about at the level of the posterior edge of the second testis, and
therefore far back of the ventral sucker. In other cases the anterior
end of the cirrus pouch may be in front of the first testis and in front
of the ventral sucker.
In some there is a distinct cap overhanging the anterior sucker
(pl. 18, fig. 246). In others the cap is reduced to a buttonlike proc-
ess, and in still others there is no trace of it. In some, also, the
anterior sucker appears to be retracted (pl. 18, fig. 247).
TABLE 9.—Measurements of six specimens of Prosorhynchus gracilescens, in
balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4 6 61
Meng theese hes se ON kL We ge 1. 33 1. 36 1, 04 1.05 0. 76 0. 54
iBreadthwan terior. end ees -.e toe pee een see . 20 .35 ~o2 ~25 Gees
Breadth. amid dase hy See ee eae ee Ge . 46 nO? . 60 . 46 -385 . 45
‘Breadth, near, posterior end 22242 ee - 20 . 28 . 28 15 eM eee 2
AMteLION SUCKEr, eNet he ok et ee Se i .18 - 18 . 20 .16 .16 21
Anterior sucker, breadth_____- IEPA SEs Oe eS a . 16 .24 24 . 20 .18 -20
Diameter ofaventralisucker: 4 eee . 06 .07 .07 .07 06 TE eee
1 No. 6, shown in pl. 18, fig. 247, represents an extreme case of contraction.
The above account is based on material from the garfish (Stron-
gylura marina).
Hosts.—Silversides (Menidia notata), kingfish (Menticirrhus), gar
(Strongylura marina), goggler (Z'rachurops crumenophthalma).
Record of collections ——One, immature, collected August 26, 1904,
from silversides. Dimensions, life: Length 1.4 mm.; breadth 0.55
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
mm.; diameter of anterior sucker 0.21 mm., of posterior sucker
0.09 mm.
Twenty-four (U.S.N.M. No. 8175), collected by Dr. C. W. Hahn,
August 8, 1910, from silversides; cysts in flesh behind dorsal fin. Di-
mensions, life: Length 1.08 mm.; breadth 0.51 mm.; diameter of an-
terior sucker 0.25 mm., of ventral sucker 0.1 mm. Dimensions in
balsam : Length 0.87 mm.; breadth 0.46 mm.; length of anterior sucker
0.15 mm., breadth 0.22 mm.; length of ventral sucker 0.08 mm.,
breadth 0.09 mm.
Eighteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8176), collected August 27, 1928, from
kingfish. These are small, minutely spinose gasterostomes of very
diverse shapes. In general they are more or less pyriform, tapering
more posteriorly than anteriorly. Anterior suckers relatively large,
opening ventrally. In some there is a small buttonlike projection
in front of the anterior sucker, as in some of the forms from the gar.
The shape depends in part on the condition of the cirrus; when it is
everted the posterior third of the body is more or less cylindrical;
when the cirrus is retracted the body may be ovate or pyriform. The
relative positions of the testes and ovary are subject to some differ-
ences depending on the state of contraction, and particularly on their
adjustment to the relatively large cirrus pouch. The vitellaria are
in front of the other genitalia, except that they may be overlapped
by folds of the voluminous uterus. In a typical example there ap-
peared to be about 16 follicles of the vitellaria on each side of the
median line forming a continuous band of follicles across the body
just behind the anterior sucker. The ova were packed so closely that
it was difficult to make satisfactory measurements. They are thin-
shelled and about 0.012 by 0.008 mm. to 0.015 by 0.009 mm. in size.
Taste 10.—Measurements of four specimens of Prosorhynchus gracilescens in
balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4
Mm Mm Mm. Mm.
erage tiene eer tee pe eee a Seb ok | VIER ee 0. 57 0. 66 0. 78 0.81
IB TOAG Leer eee eee eS UE eee aol 322 . 29 . 30
ATLenlon SUCKer plenetn ves: 225 hee SS Ue a ee .17 .14 15 13
PATILERIGESUCKOEDTOAG Lies eens sesh 2 ee ee maiz .14 .15 sd
DIAMOLETIOLEVOM Ural SUCH OL ee 2S ae se ea seh oe ee AOS te ea - 06
Specimens collected from garfish on one date in July, three dates
in August, eight dates in September, and one date in October, over a
period of seven years during 1907 to 1928. In July, 8 from 1 fish, in
August, 45 from 15 fishes, in September, 767 from 11 fishes, in Octo-
ber, 7 from 1 fish. The greatest number obtained from a single fish
was 229, on September 9, 1923 (U.S.N.M. Nos. 8177-8178).
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 33
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8179), collected September 4, 1911, from
goggler; 7 fishes examined. Measurements in balsam, compressed:
Length, 1.4 mm.; breadth, 0.56 mm.; ova, 0.015 by 0.009 mm. The
anatomy is concealed by the enormous number of ova.
Genus NANNOENTERUM Ozaki, 1924
NANNOENTERUM BACULUM (Linton)
PLATE 18, Ficures 250, 251; PLATE 19, FIGURES 252, 253
Gasterostomum sp. Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 447, figs. 369-
372, 1901.
Gasterostomum baculum Linton, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, p. 362, figs.
233, 234, 1905.
Bucephalus baculum (Linton), Nicotr, Journ. Marine Biol. Assoc. United
Kingdom, vol. 10, p. 401, 1914.
Nannoenterum baculum (Linton), MANTER, Parasitology, vol. 23, p. 397, 1931.
The material available when the original description of this species
was written, like much of the material hitherto referred by me to the
genus Gasterostomum, was in poor condition, being more or less
macerated. It was not until subsequent examination of material was
made that the circle of tentacles surrounding the anterior sucker was
noted.
Body nearly linear, covered with dense spines, which are minute,
flat, and scalelike in front view, but appear to be slender and bristle-
like in edge view, as along the margins of the body. Anterior sucker
relatively large, bluntly wedge-shaped; in dorsoventral view anterior
end truncate, posterior end rounded; opening of sucker anterior and
ventral, surrounded by about 20 short tentacles. Relative positions of
the genitalia subject to some variation, owing to greater or lesser
accumulation of ova in the uterus. Usually the ventral sucker is
about the middle of the length. The intestinal cecum extends pos-
teriorly, its walls made up of large cells. Testes near together, one
following the other, more or less oval-elliptical, longer than broad,
near middle of postacetabular region. Cirrus pouch extending to
about the middle of the second testis. Ovary in front of testes, on a
level with the posterior half of the intestinal cecum, smaller than
testes, subspherical. Ovary and testes on right side. Vitellaria lat-
eral, about 16 follicles on each side, in some cases nearly symmetrical,
in others extending farther anteriorly or posteriorly than the other.
Usually they extend from the level of the first testis to about the
middle of the preacetabular region. In some of the mounted spec-
imens there appear to be about 12 follicles cn one side and 16 on the
other; in others about 15 follicles on each side; as many as 18 on a
side were noted. The folds of the uterus may extend from the
155599403
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
posterior end to within a short distance of the anterior end. The
dark brown ova are usually massed in the midregions of the body
obscuring the other genitalia. The ova have thickish, noncollapsed
shells, bluntly rounded at one end, pointed at the other.
Measurements, formalin specimens in glycerin: Length, 2.8 mm.,
breadth, 0.85 mm.; diameter circle of tentacles, 0.17 mm.; diameter of
neck behind tentacles, 0.14 mm.; anterior sucker, length, 0.11 mm.,
breadth, 0.1 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.072 mm., breadth, 0.075
mm.; ova, 0.024 by 0.013 mm., 0.024 by 0.018 mm.
In a specimen 2.22 mm. long the ventral sucker was 1.22 mm. from
the anterior end.
The above description is based on material from the northern
barracuda (Sphyraena borealis).
Hosts——Northern barracuda (Sphyraena borealis), American
smelt (Osmerus mordax), Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus mac-
ulatus), mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus), kingfish (Afenti-
cirrhus sawatilis), clear ray (Raja diaphanes), barndoor skate (f.
laevis).
Record of collections—AlII collections made by Vinal N. Edwards
in the months of April, September, October, and November, on 13
dates, in 5 different years, from 1908 to 1913. (U.S.N.M. No. 8180.)
From barracuda: One hundred, more or less, collected April 24,
1908. . Many, collected September 27, 1910; 10 fishes examined.
Hight, collected September 11, 1911, from one fish. Four hundred
and sixty, more or less, collected October 10, 1911. Twenty-five, col-
lected October 11, 1911. Two thousand two hundred and fifty, esti-
mated, collected October 23, 1911; 40 fishes examined. Twenty-one,
collected October 22, 1912; 100 fishes examined. Many, collected Octo-
ber 29, 1912; 150 fishes examined. Many, collected November 18,
1912; 18 fishes examined. One, collected September 18, 1913; 4 fishes
examined.
Two hundred and twenty-three, collected October 25, 1913; length,
4.27 mm., more or less, in formalin; 120 fishes examined. One hun-
dred and sixteen, more or less, collected October 29, 1913; 100 fishes
examined.
From smelt: Five, collected by Vinal N. Edwards, October 28, 1911,
8 fishes examined. These specimens, in formalin, were in poor con-
dition, being more or less macerated. Length in formalin, 2.24 mm.,
breadth, 0.22 mm. In a balsam specimen the diameter of the ventral
sucker is 0.06 mm. ; anterior sucker, length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.09 mm.
Ova, pointed at one end, 0.022 by 0.014 mm., in formalin.
From Spanish mackerel: One, collected August 10, 1904, specimen
imperfect. A reexamination of Gasterostoma collected from the
Spanish mackerel at Beaufort, N. C., and at Woods Hole, Mass.,
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 35
showed that while anterior tentacles were indistinct, their presence
was indicated; also some specimens show folds of the uterus extend-
ing in front of the ventral sucker.
From mackerel scad: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8181), collected October
25, 1918; 20 fishes examined. Length, in formalin, 3.25 mm.; diam-
eter of circle of tentacles, 0.28 mm., of body, 0.83 mm. Ova very
numerous, from posterior end to a point 0.47 mm. back of the anterior
end. Body minutely spinous. The cirrus pouch extends forward te
level of anterior end of second testis; testes separated from each other
by an interval less than the diameter of a single testis, and the ovary
is separated from the first testis by an interval a little less than the
diameter of the ovary. The vitelline follicles are partly concealed
by ova. About 14 follicles can be counted on one side, extending from
about the level of the anterior end of the second testis to a point
0.08 mm. from the anterior end. Dimensions in balsam: Length,
2.87 mm.; breadth, anterior, 0.17 mm., middle, 0.29 mm., near posterior
end 0.18 mm.; anterior sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.;
diameter ventral sucker, 0.06 mm.; distance anterior end to vitellaria,
0.81 mm., to uterus, 0.49 mm.; ova pointed at one end, 0.024 by
0.012 mm.
From kingfish: Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8182), collected October 26,
1912. Length in formalin, 3.22 mm.; breadth, 0.24 mm.; about eight
of the circle of papillae visible in dorsal view. Measurements in bal-
sam: Length, 1.61 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; anterior sucker, length,
0.1 mm., breadth, 0.09 mm.; diameter ventral sucker, 0.05 mm.; ova,
0.024 by 0.015 mm. One specimen showed about 14 vitelline follicles
on each side.
The collection contains examples of this Nannoenterwm from two
species of ray. Since the occurrence of this parasite in a ray is excep-
tional it is probably to be regarded as a case of introduction along
with fish in which it was a common parasite. This is probably also
the explanation of the frequent macerated condition in which this
parasite was found in certain hosts.
Four (U.S.N.M. No. 8183), collected September 27, 1910, from
stomach of clear ray. Length in formalin, 2.76 mm.; breadth, 0.35
mm.; anterior end surrounded by small, spinelike papillae; body nearly
cylindrical, bluntly rounded at posterior end, tapering to anterior end;
anterior, 0.25 mm. of length necklike. Measurements in balsam:
Length, 2 mm.; breadth, 0.32 mm.; anterior sucker, length, 0.12 mm..
breadth, 0.18 mm.; length of tentacles, 0.015 to 0.021 mm.; diameter
of testis, 0.18 mm., of ovary, 0.13 mm.; ova, 0.021 by 0.018 mm. ‘Two
of the four mounted specimens have very few spines. The uterus
extends from near the posterior end to a point about halfway between
the vitellaria and the anterior end. In each of the specimens the ova
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
were massed in front of the ventral sucker, thus hiding much of the
vitellaria. The follicles of the vitellaria are rounded masses about
0.03 mm. in diameter, about 10 counted on the right side and 16 on
the left. On the right side they extend in a single row for a distance
of about 0.5 mm.; on the left side they extend from the anterior edge of
the first testis forward in an irregular double row, partly concealed
by ova, for a distance of about 0.06 mm. The ovary lay a little way in
front of the first testis to the right of the median line. The testes
were nearly circular in outline, one following the other and about
0.4 mm. from the posterior end.
Six (U.S.N.M. No. 8184), collected November 20, 1912, from barn-
door skate.
Measurements in formalin: Length, 2.66 mm.; diameter of circle
of papillae, 0.15 mm.; maximum diameter of body, 0.28 mm.; about
20 short, conical papillae in anterior circle; ova, pointed at one end,
0.023 by 0.018 mm. The specimens in balsam are not in good condi-
tion. It was found that unless especial precautions were taken these
gasterostomes, which had been preserved in formalin, shriveled badly
when transferred from absolute alcohol to the clearing fluid.
NANNOENTERUM GORGON (Linton)
PLATE 19, FIGURES 254-256
Gasterostomum gorgon LiInTON, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, p. 864, figs. 240—
242, 1905.
The shape of the body is somewhat variable, but in most of the
specimens of the collection there is not much difference in the breadth
for the greater part of the length; covered anteriorly with dense, low,
flat, rounded spines. Anterior sucker relatively large, surrounded
by about 20 tentacles, which, when extended are slender-pointed.
Ventral sucker behind middle of length. In one specimen, 2.66 mm.
long, the ventral sucker was 1.68 mm. from the anterior end; in
another, 2.9 mm. long, the ventral sucker was 1.57 mm. from the
anterior end. The intestinal cecum extends anteriorly from the ven-
tral sucker. The cirrus pouch may extend forward so as to overlap
the second testis. The testes lie on the right side, one following the
other, usually with a short interval between them. The ovary usu-
ally lies on a level with the ventral sucker, and a short distance in
front of the first testis. The vitellaria are laterally placed, about 32
follicles in all, the anteriors of which are at about the anterior fourth,
or fifth, of the body length, and the posteriors but little if any back
of the ventral sucker. In one specimen four follicles on one side lay
back of the ventral sucker, the most posterior of them on a level with
the posterior edge of the ovary. There were 17 follicles on that side,
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON ae
and but 13 could be made out on the other. The folds of the uterus
may extend from the posterior end to the anterior sucker. The ova
have thickish shells, tend to be more or less bluntly pointed at one
end, and measure 0.018 by 0.01 mm. to 0.021 by 0.012 mm.
TasBLE 11.—Measurements of five specimens of Nannoenterum gorgon in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4 5
Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm.
GTO ime = ot eles a ayaa es entire eee See arts a ane eae ts 3.13 3. 08 2. 82 2. 38 3. 08
IBYCAG UT an LOLiGhe = eer ene. Pea ene WR EE ele DS 225 y’2) “30 nan wee
Breadth, middle__________- Pe ee Se Ty ee ee le 2 hee, PAE a0 . 42 .39 . 29 .33
iBresd thy neanmposherion enGuss- 25 3a seats eee eka - 31 . 20 .14 .22
Anterior’ suckers length= 2. - 25/4 Asser Ns ae OE ee 24 . 24 . 28 shal not
Anteriorsucker; breadth. fo! a5 2 8 Base eu ee ei ee .19 eal 222, 18 .22
IATILOTIONSHCK OE CONVILCARIS soe ea nae Sas eee nee eee . 63 .74 -91 . 56 . 87
Anitemor sucker to terus.2(2sA, Rio 2 £8 Doe Sebel eed - 01 . 53 - 56 .35 - 40
Diameteriventralsuck ers. - 2! 4: ene ®t ss Pee EE ee . 06 . 06 . 06 . 06 . 06
Host.—Gyreat amberfish (Seriola lalandi).
Record of collections.—Nine, collected August 14, 1906, 6 from in-
testine of host, 1 from pyloric ceca, 2 from stomach; all macerated.
Ninety-eight (U.S.N.M. No. 8185), collected by Vinal N. Edwards,
September 20, 1910; three fishes examined. Dimensions in formalin:
Length, 3.29 mm.; breadth, anterior 0.21 mm., middle 0.35 mm., pos-
terior 0.21 mm.; length of tentacle 0.15 mm.; ova 0.02 by 0.01 mm.
Suborder PROSOSTOMATA Odhner, 1905
Family ASPIDOGASTRIDAE Poche, 1907
Genus STICHOCOTYLE Cunningham, 1884
STICHOCOTYLE NEPHROPIS Cunningham
PLATE 19, FIGURES 257-259
See SrTites and HAssaty, U. 8S. Hyg. Lab. Bull. 37, p. 364, 1908, for earlier
literature.
Stichocotyle nephropis ODHNER, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. 45,
No. 3, pp. 1-16 (reprint), 5 figs., 1 pl., 1910.
A single specimen of this trematode (U.S.N.M. No. 8186) was
collected by Vinal N. Edwards from a barndoor skate (Raja laevis),
taken off Nantucket, June 4, 1906.
The exact location of the worm in its host was not noted. The
immature, encysted stage of this trematode has been found in the
Norway and the American lobsters; the sexually mature stage has
been found in Europe in the liver and gall bladder of species of Raja.
The specimen was stained and mounted in balsam. So far as the
anatomy can be made out it is in agreement with Odhner’s descrip-
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
tion of S. nephropis. There are about 22 ventral suckers. The geni-
tal pore lies near the anterior border of the first ventral sucker, a
little to the right of the median line. The ovary is ventral and
lies just behind the fifth ventral sucker. The shell gland is at the
posterior median border of the ovary. The two testes are dorsal,
separated from each other by a distance less than the diameter of a
single testis and both lying between the sixth and seventh suckers.
The early folds of the uterus are filled with sperm and scattered
ova. A few follicles of the vitellaria were noted, lying along the
dorsal side, a little in front of the first testis; thence they extend
to within 1.5 mm. of the posterior end, as a single mass of more or
less pyriform follicles. Throughout the posterior half or more of
their course they occupy from one-third to one-half the diameter of
the body. The folds of the uterus are very voluminous, and fill most
of the body, from a point about 2.8 mm. from the anterior end to a
point about 43 mm. from the posterior end. The ova are very
numerous, oval-elliptical in outline, and have thick shells, about 0.1
by 0.06 mm. in the two principal diameters. None of the ova were
observed to have a lid at one end, as figured by Odhner. The intes-
tine and excretory vessels extend to very near the posterior end,
where the excretory vessels unite in a short muscular sinus.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 42 mm.; breadth, 1 mm. from
the anterior end, 1.4 mm., maximum, about the middle, 1.75 mm.;
1 mm. from the posterior end 0.36 mm.; pharynx, nearly circular in
outline, diameter, 0.28 mm.; ovary, length, 0.85 mm., breadth, 0.49
mm.; first testis, length, 0.63 mm., breadth, 0.84 mm.; second testis,
length, 0.75 mm., breadth, 0.77 mm.; distance between testes, 0.35
mm.; ova, 0.1 by 0.06 mm., thickness of shell, 0.01 mm. The ovary
is 0.21 mm. in front of the first testis, and about 14 mm. from the
anterior end of the body.
On August 2, 1926, Dr. Rudolph Bennett brought to my laboratory
several specimens of the immature stage of this trematode collected
from the rectum of a lobster (Homarus americanus). These agree
with W. S. Nickerson’s description of S. nephropis from the Ameri-
can lobster.6 The suckers range in diameter from 13 to 17 mm.
Rudiments on the testes, ovary, and vitellaria are present (U.S.N.M.
No. 8187).
On May 23, 1930, Miss Carol Moore brought to my laboratory at
the University of Pennsylvania 15 specimens of the immature stage
of 8. nephropis, which she had found encysted in the serous coat of
the rectum of a lobster.
® Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Anat. und Ont., vol. 8, pp. 447-480, pls. 29-31, 1895.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 39
Family STERINGOPHORIDAE Odhner, 1911
Subfamily STERINGOPHORINAE Odhner, 1911
Genus STERINGOPHORUS Odhner, 1905
STERINGOPHORUS FURCIGER (Olsson)
PLATE 19, FiguRES 260-265; PLATE 20, FIGURES 266, 267
Leioderma furcigerum Olsson, StTarrorp, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, p. 486, 1904.
Steringophorus furciger (Olsson), ODHNER, Die Trematoden des arktischen
Gebietes, pp. 305-310, pl. 2, figs. 6, 7, 1905.
Steringophorus furciger (Olsson), Nicotn, Parasitology, vol. 6, pp. 190, 192,
1913.
Steringophorus furciger (Olsson), FUHRMANN, Kiikenthal-Krumbach’s Hand-
buch der Zoologie, vol. 2, p. 38, fig. 39, 1928.
Distomes collected by Vinal N. Edwards from the four-spotted
flounder and the winter flounder are here recorded.
Note made after preliminary examination of formalin material:
Outline oval, tapering to blunt extremities, varying from short oval
with breadth nearly half the length, to linear oval with breadth but
little more than one third the length; translucent, with cirrus pouch
and vitellaria showing as white opaque spots; uterus with smoky-
brown ova; aperture of ventral sucker in most cases transverse.
The following description is based on whole mounts in balsam and
on series of sections:
Body long-ovate, smooth, tapering to each end; posterior end a
little more pointed than anterior. Oral sucker circular, ventrally
placed; no prepharynx; pharynx much smaller than oral sucker;
esophagus as long as or longer than pharynx; intestinal rami begin
about halfway between oral and ventral suckers and extend to a point
not far from halfway between the ventral sucker and the posterior
end; ventral sucker broader than long, much larger than oral sucker.
Cirrus pouch large, between intestinal rami and ventral sucker, its
thick walls abundantly supplied with prostatic cells. Ovary morula-
like, mainly on right side of median line between the right testis
and the ventral sucker; vitelline glands two, lateral to testes and
extending forward to about the level of the posterior edge of the
ventral sucker. The uterus proceeds from the shell gland, just behind
the ovary, forward to the ventral sucker, then turns and passes back
between the testes and fills the greater part of the posttesticular
space; returning, the uterus, or metraterm, passes on the dorsal side
of the ventral sucker, on the left side of the cirrus pouch to the geni-
tal pore. The excretory vessel is a single dorsal tube from the poste-
rior end to a point between the testes, where it divides into a right
and a left branch, which extends to the anterior end. Laurer’s canal
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
originates near the median line a very little ways in front of the
forking of the excretory vessel, near the anterior ends of the testes
and the posterior border of the ovary. In serial sections it could be
traced to the shell gland. There is no seminal receptacle, but the
early folds of the uterus are filled with sperm mingled with ova. The
sperm-containing portion of the uterus extends anteriorly to the
posterior edge of the ventral sucker. Vitelline ducts lead to a small
yolk reservoir ventral to the shell gland. The ova are numerous and
measure about 0.04 by 0.02 mm.
TABLE 12.—Measurements of eight specimens of Steringophorus furciger
in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mm. Mm. Mm. Mim. Mm. Mm, Mm. Mm.
Moengthe laa Aere es . eee gee VET 5 2. 73 2. 62 2. 56 2.45 2. 23 2.10 2. 03 2.00
Anterior end to ventral sucker_._____ . 84 .70 . 67 -70 - 59 .70 - 63 . 03
Ventral sucker to posterior end______ 1.47 1. 54 1. 54 1.40 1. 26 1.05 1.05 La2
Maximum breadth__________________ -91 . 84 . 84 . 84 sae, -91 . 84 ai
Oral'suckerlength 22s. 2k = . 28 24 - 26 aD . 26 - 28 ooh . 24
Oral sucker, breadth______--__---____ -28 . 30 . 29 .30 . 30 . 30 . 28 . 28
Wharynx,jlencth= 46 foe Teas 7: cat .16 .16 5: 8 -14 .14 .14 .14
iPharynx, breadths..224-°. = 2-02 .10 15 .14 .14 .14 .14 .14 14
Ventral sucker, length_______________ .35 oe 130 oo . 38 .35 .35 .35
Ventral sucker, breadth______________ . 36 52 -46] ° .49 -43 .52 .49 -42
Measurements of No. 1 were made on a series of frontal sections.
It will be noted that No. 6 and No. 7 differ from the others in being
relatively shorter from the ventral sucker to the posterior end.
Hosts.—¥our-spotted flounder (Paralichthys oblongus) and com-
mon flatfish (Pseudopleuronectes americanus).
Record of collections—Many, collected June 1, 1907, from four-
spotted fiounder.
Many (U.S.N.M. No. 8188), collected June 1, 1907, from flatfish ;
eight fishes examined.
Mr. Edwards’ notes state that many distomes were found in both
the four-spotted flounder and the flatfish. The vial of this date of
material from the four-spotted flounder contains but one distome,
while that with material from the flatfish contains 340 distomes
of this species.
Genus LINTONIUM Stunkard and Nigrelli, 1930
LINTONIUM VIBEX (Linton)
PLATE 20, FicurEs 268-271
Distomum viber LINTON, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 281, 291, 292, figs.
48-51, 1900; ibid. p. 464, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, p. 402, fig.
188, 1905 (an error appears in the description and figure; the anterior
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 4]
ends of the excretory vessels were mistaken for diverticula of the intestine) ;
Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 584, 1911.
Lintonium viber (Linton), SruNKARD and NIGRELLI, Biol. Bull., vol. 58, pp. 3836—
343, 1 fig., 1930.
On account of the close resemblance of this distome to Steringopho-
rus cluthensis Nicoll, later referred by Odhner to a new genus, I was
inclined to refer D. vibew to that genus. Since Prof. Stunkard,
however, has evidently gone over the ground with great care, I
shall accept his conclusions.
As supplementary to Prof. Stunkard’s contribution a few observa-
tions on this interesting distome, together with a record of collections
made by Vinal N. Edwards and myself in the Woods Hole region
since 1901, are given.
Body smooth, longer than broad, flattened in life, or more or less
fusiform, plump in preserved material, greatest diameter at about
middle of postacetabular region, tapering to anterior end, posterior
end bluntly pointed; ventral sucker much larger than oral; no pre-
pharynx; esophagus short or lacking; pharynx much smaller than
oral sucker; intestinal rami simple, extending nearly to posterior
end. The genital pore is on the median line, behind the pharynx;
cirrus spinose; cirrus pouch oval-elliptical, enclosing the seminal
vesicle and prostate, and lying in front of the ventral sucker. Testes
oval, opposite, usually a little in front of the middle of the postace-
tabular region. The testes are, with few exceptions, longer than
broad. Out of 20 specimens mounted in balsam there is only one in
which the testes are broader than long, and in it there is some indi-
cation that the testes are distorted; an average of the testes of 20
specimens in balsam gave a length of 0.36 mm. and a breadth of 0.22
mm. The ovary is trilobed and usually lies about on the median
line behind the ventral sucker, its posterior half between the anterior
thirds of the testes. In some cases it is near the posterior border
of the ventral sucker and in front of the testes. The shell gland, in
whole mounts, appears to le on the left side of the ovary and to ex-
tend anteriorly a little in front of the ovary, where it is joined by the
yolk ducts. On account of the thickness of these distomes the rela-
tive positions of these organs are not easily seen. An examination of
sections shows that the ovary is dorsally placed; in strongly con-
tracted specimens it can be seen to be dorsal to the posterior border
of the ventral sucker. The shell gland is ventral to the ovary, and
the testes are also ventrally placed. Laurer’s canal was traced in a
somewhat sinuous course In a series of cross sections from the dorsal
surface to the shell gland. It was also noted in a series of sagittal
sections (pl. 20, fig. 270). The early folds of the uterus are filled
with sperm in which ova are intermingled. The voluminous folds
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88
of the uterus extend from the space between the testes to the posterior
end, passing dorsal to the left border of the ventral sucker and
beside the cirrus pouch to the genital pore. The vitelline glands lie
between the intestinal rami and the lateral margins of the body and
extend from the level of the testes, or a little ways in front of them,
nearly to the posterior end. In some cases they are continuous; in
others they are broken up into follicles. In most cases that were
observed there were six follicles on the right side and seven on the
left. The excretory vessels under some conditions are conspicuous,
appearing as rather large lateral vessels, which begin at the level
of the oral sucker, or in some cases at the level of the pharynx, and
extend to the posterior end, where they unite in a short excretory
vessel with thick, muscular walls. The ova have rather thick shells,
and are about 0.04 by 0.02 mm. in size.
Longitudinal and diagonal muscle fibers are strongly developed in
the neck. A conspicuous feature of sections of this distome is a
layer of deeply-staining subcuticular cells.
Found very commonly, but in small numbers in each host, in the
puffers of the Woods Hole region, usually in the pharyngeal cavity.
Hosts.—Oldwife (Balistes vetula), puffer (Sphoeroides maculatus).
Record of collections —¥rom oldwife: Five, collected by Vinal N.
Edwards, September 8, 1903. Ground color in formalin greenish,
reddish chocolate where intestines showed through the body wall;
plump, neck folded ventrally. Measurements, made on a series of
cross sections of a strongly contracted specimen: Length, 2.5 mm.;
breadth, 1.35 mm.; vertical diameter, 1.12 mm.; oral sucker, length,
0.23 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.21
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.77 mm., breadth, 0.84 mm.; ova 0.045
by 0.024 mm., with thickish shells, not collapsed.
From puffer: Collection of June 26, 1903, consisted of four vials
containing 69 distomes from puffer, many of them in clusters adher-
ing to each other by the ventral suckers. One hundred fishes examined
by Vinal N. Edwards.
Eleven, collected by Vinal N. Edwards, July 11, 1903, “from
throat” of puffer. Twenty, collected July 9, 1904, from pharynx of
one puffer; very active, necks very extensible, becoming linear; tend-
ency to adhere to each other by the ventral suckers; prevailing color
blood-red in larger specimens, pale yellow in smaller worms, when
flattened and viewed with transmitted light. One, collected by Vinal
N. Edwards, September 12, 1904, “from gills” of puffer. Two, col-
lected by Dr. Irving I. Field, July 8, 1905, “from body cavity” of
puffer.
Two, collected August 6, 1906, from near opening of pharyngeal
sack of puffer. General ground color in life pale red or flesh-color;
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 43
intestines dark brown; ova in distal portions of uterus dark amber,
those in middle folds lemon-yellow, those in newer folds, near the
shell gland, nearly colorless. Excretory vessels voluminous, the two
lateral branches extending from the level of the oral sucker to the
posterior end where they unite in a short muscular excretory vessel,
which opens at the terminal excretory pore. These branches may be
in position to simulate intestinal diverticula, especially when con-
stricted at the anterior end, and filled with granular material resem-
bling the contents of the intestine, and were so wrongly interpreted
in the Beaufort report. Necks very flexible, becoming at times
slender and linear. The worms have a tendency to coil ventrally,
with suckers adhering to the post ventral region.
Seventy-one distomes, two of them immature, collected on eight
dates, August 7 to 23, 1906, from 16 puffers. Thirty-eight, collected
from 6 puffers on three dates, August 1 to 10, 1907. Fifty, collected
from 16 puffers on four dates, June 27 to 30, 1910. On June 28 and
subsequent dates circular ciliate Protozoa, identified by Dr. C. W.
Hahn as Cyclochaeta domerguei Moroff, were found moving about
on the surface of these distomes.
Fifty-one, collected from 27 puffers on seven dates in July, one
in August, and one in September, 1910, from July 5 to September 6.
All from pharynx of host, usually near the point where it merges
into the distensible sack. Nine of the fishes examined had no distomes
of this species, the others had from one to three. They ranged from
immature forms, 2 to 3 mm. in length, to adults 10 mm. in length
and 38 mm. to 4 mm. in breadth when moderately extended.
One, collected by Vinal N. Edwards on June 9, 1914, from puffer;
six fishes examined. Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8189), collected July 2,
1915, one fish examined.
From Mr. Edwards’ notes of collections in 1915, I find that he
examined 149 puffers on 18 dates in May, June, and September, when
no distomes of this species were recorded.
Subfamily HAPLOCLADINAE Odhner, 1911
Genus TERGESTIA Stossich, 1899
TERGESTIA PECTINATA (Linton)
Distomum pectinatum LINTON, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, pp. 366, 389, figs.
200-208, 1905.
Theledera pectinata (Linton), Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 133, pp. 40, 41,
1910.
Six distomes (U.S.N.M. No. 8190), belonging to this species were
collected from the intestine of a frigate mackerel (Auais rochez),
July 12, 1912, taken in a fish trap in Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole.
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88
Measurements, life, flattened: Length, 3.71 mm.; breadth, anterior,
0.34 mm., maximum, 0.6 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.28 mm.;
pharynx, length, 0.24 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; diameter of ventral
sucker, 0.32 mm.; ova 0.024 by 0.018 mm.
The intestine contained orange-colored material in granular masses
at some part of their course, in most cases near the posterior end of
the rami.
Ova in balsam mounts measure 0.024 by 0.018 mm. to 0.027 by 0.018
mm.
Family ZOOGONIDAE Odhner, 1911
Subfamily LECITHOSTAPHYLINAE Odhner, 1911
Genus LECITHOSTAPHYLUS Odhner, 1911
LECITHOSTAPHYLUS NITENS (Linton)
PLATE 21, Figures 272-274
Distomum nitens Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 534, 535, pl. 51,
figs. 5, 6; pl. 52, fig. 1, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 443, 1901.—
Pratt, Amer. Nat., vol. 36, p. 958, 1902.
Distoma nitens Linton, Looss, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 12, p. 710, 1899.
No record of this distome has been made since the description of
the species was published. An examination of a series of frontal sec-
tions (U.S.N.M. No. 8192) makes it desirable to make a few additions
to the original description.
There is a short prepharynx, and the intestinal rami extend back
of the testes but do not reach to the posterior end. The left ramus
is about 0.9 mm. and the right 0.8 mm. from the posterior end. There
appear to be at least 10 vitelline follicles on the left side and 8 on
the right. Seminal receptacles small, at posterolateral border of
ovary; shell gland at posteroventral border of ovary. The cirrus
pouch is on the left side of the median line. Measurements, of nearly
frontal sections: Length, 4.5 mm.; breadth, at level of cirrus pouch,
1.18 mm., at level of ovary, 1.08 mm.; anterior end to ventral sucker,
1.26 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.38 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.28
mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.57 mm.; cirrus
pouch is on the left side of the median line. Measurements, of nearly
to 0.036 by 0.018 mm.; distance of testes from posterior end, left 2.1
mm., right 1.68 mm.
Looss* points out the resemblance of this species to Enodia mega-
chondros Looss; Pratt places it in the subfamily Plagiorchiinae.
7 Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Anat. und Ont., vol. 12, p. 709, pl. 26, fig. 30, 1899.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 45
Subfamily ZOOGONINAE Odhner, 1902
Genus ZOOGONOIDES Odhner, 1902
ZOOGONOIDES LAEVIS, new species
PLATE 21, FIGURES 275-277
Small distomes found on different occasions in the intestine of the
tautog were at first thought to belong to the species Z. viviparus
(Olsson) from Pleuronectes microcephalus, and reported by Odhner
and Nicoll from a number of hosts mainly belonging to the Pleuro-
nectidae.
The principal points of difference between these distomes from
the tautog and Z. viviparus are the comparative absence of spines, an
unimportant feature, and the greater length of the intestinal rami.
There is a difference, also, in the position of the genital pore from
that assigned to it by some authors. In this, however, there is some
disagreement. Thus, Olsson’s figure of his Distoma vivipara® places
the genital pore near the right side of the neck. Odhner ® describes
and figures Zoogonoides viviparus (Olsson) as having the genital
pore near the left margin at the level of the forking of the intestine.
Nicoll” gives its position as near the left margin somewhat back of
the forking of the intestine. Fuhrmann™ describes and figures the
genital pore on the left side. In his characterization of the Zoogon-
idae he states that the genital pore is not far from the left border
of the body.
While the resemblance of these distomes to Z. viviparus is close,
they differ consistently in the length of the intestines, which extend
beyond the ventral sucker about to the level of the seminal receptacle.
Also, they appear to be practically devoid of spines. I do not find
any mention of spines in my notes made on fresh material, or on
formalin material collected by Mr. Edwards. Careful search on 50 or
more specimens mounted in balsam resulted in the finding of two
in which a few exceedingly minute spines were faintly visible at the
extreme anterior end dorsal to the oral sucker.
These distomes are small, fusiform, and smooth, or with but few
minute spines; yellowish, tinged with red; ventral sucker much
larger than oral, near the middle or a little in front of the middle,
its aperture transverse. Average of 10 specimens in balsam: Trans-
verse diameter of oral sucker 0.14 mm., of ventral sucker 0.24 mm.
There is no prepharynx; pharynx small, broader than long; esopha-
gus short; intestinal rami extend back of the ventral sucker, approx-
8 Lunds Univ. Ars-skrift, vol. 4, pt. 2, No. &, pp. 28, 29, pl. 4, fig. 73, 1867-68.
® Centralbl. Bakt. und Parasit., vol. 31, pp. 62, 63, fig. 2, 1902.
1°? Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, pp. 83, 84, figs. 8, 9, 1907.
1 Kiikenthal and Krumback’s Handbuch der Zoologie, vol. 2, p. 103, fig. 122, 1928.
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
imately to the middle of the postacetabular region; genital aperture
on right side of neck, near margin, about on a level with the fork-
ing of the intestine; cirrus pouch in front of ventral sucker, oval-
elliptical with thick walls, containing prostatic cells; seminal vesicle
in two divisions, inclosed in cirrus pouch; testes opposite, at level of
ventral sucker. The position of the testes is somewhat variable. In
some cases they extend in front of the ventral sucker; in others they
lie at the level of the posterior border of the ventral sucker, even
extending for a short distance back of it. The ovary lies behind the
ventral sucker, on or near the median line, either to the right or to
the left of it; shell gland at posterior border of ovary; seminal vesicle
and vitelline gland behind the ovary, their relative positions some-
what variable. Thus, in one the ovary was at the posterior edge of
the ventral sucker, the seminal receptacle on the median line, with
the vitelline gland on the left side. In another the seminal receptacle
lay behind the vitelline gland. The folds of the uterus occupy the
greater part of the postacetabular region. The ova, which in the
older portion of the uterus may contain ciliated miracidia, are about
0.07 by 0.03 mm. in size in balsam. The metraterm passes on the
right side of the ventral sucker to the genital pore. There is a large
excretory vessel at the posterior end, the excretory pore being sur-
rounded by rosettelike musculature.
As a rule these distomes do not much exceed 1 mm. in length.
Measurements, life, flattened under cover-glass: Length, 0.8 mm.;
breadth, anterior, 0.15 mm., at level of ventral sucker, maximum,
0.42 mm., at posterior end 0.1 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm.,
breadth, 0.11 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.03 mm., breadth, 0.05 mm.;
ventral sucker, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 0.23 mm.; ova 0.068 by
0.028 mm.; an ovum containing a ciliated embryo measured 0.072
by 0.028 mm.
Type specimens.—U.S.N.M. No. 8193 (holotype and paratypes).
Hosts —Tautog (Tautoga onitis), round herring (Etrumens
sadina).
Record of collections—Twenty-six (U.S.N.M. No. 8193), collected
July 27, 1904, from one tautog; small, fusiform, reddish yellow;
ventral sucker showing a tinge of red. At first the worms were
contracted and somewhat concave ventrally. When flattened the
outline is almost rhomboidal. Two, lying free in sea water, measured
0.41 by 0.23 mm. and 0.38 by 0.26 mm., respectively. When flattened
the length increased to 0.8 mm.
Highteen, collected August 9, 1904, from one tautog. One of
these, rather larger than the others, was noted in which ova had not
yet appeared. The uterus, in many folds, filled the posterior end of
the body.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 47
One, collected August 11, 1908, from tautog; length, 0.91 mm.,
breadth, 0.42 mm.; diameter of oral sucker 0.14 mm., of pharynx
0.03 mm., of ventral sucker 0.22 mm.
Three, collected August 6, 1910, from tautog; small, brownish
yellow, fusiform. Measurements, life: Length, 1.12 mm.; breadth,
0.54 mm.; diameter of oral sucker 0.15 mm., of pharynx 0.05 mm., of
ventral sucker 0.38 mm.
One, collected August 10, 1910, from tautog; length, 0.87 mm.;
breadth, 0.42 mm.; uterus voluminous, but without ova.
Three, collected April 21, 1913, from tautog. Measurements in
formalin: Lengths, 1, 0.96, 0.94 mm.; breadths, 0.48, 0.42, 0.42 mm.;
diameters of oral suckers, 0.16, 0.14, 0.15 mm., of ventral suckers,
0.26, 0.28, 0.26 mm.
Six (U.S.N.M. No. 8194), collected October 23, 1913, from tautog.
Dimensions of largest in formalin: Length, 1.8 mm., breadth, 0.51
mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.18 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.28 mm.
An immature distome which appears to belong to this species is
here recorded: One, immature, collected July 17, 1908, from round
herring. Measurements, life: Length, 0.48 mm.; breadth, 0.26 mm.;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.06 mm., of pharynx, 0.04 mm., of ventral
sucker, 0.08 mm. Fusiform, broadest at level of ventral sucker, the
posterior edge of which is at about the middle of the length. Testes
opposite and about on a level with the posterior half of the ventral
sucker; ovary behind testes; intestines extend nearly to posterior end
of body. The excretory vessels contained exceedingly small globular
bodies,
Genus STEGANCDERMA Stafford, 1904
STEGANODERMA FORMOSUM Stafford
PLATE 21, Figures 278-282
Steganoderma formosum StTa¥rrorD, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, pp. 486, 487, 1904.—
MANTER, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 88-90, figs. 58-60, 1926.
A single distome (U.S.N.M. No. 8195), found by Vinal N. Ed-
wards in a four-spotted flounder (Paralichthys oblongus), June 1,
1914, agrees, so far as the anatomy is shown, with Manter’s excel-
lent description of this species.
The specimen, mounted in balsam, is oblong-elliptical, rounded at
the ends, minutely and densely spinose, spines flat and scalelike; oral
and ventral suckers about equal; pharynx small and rather indis-
tinct; esophagus much longer than pharynx. The intestinal rami
begin at a point about 0.28 mm. from the anterior end and 0.24 in
front of the ventral sucker. They could be traced as far back as
the level of the posterior edge of the ventral sucker, where they were
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
hidden by the vitellaria. The genital pore is on the left of the median
line about on a level with the forking of the intestine. The cirrus
pouch is relatively large and long, its base dorsal to the ventral
sucker, whence it curves forward and to the left to the genital pore.
The testes are rounded lateral, opposite, at about the middle of the
postacetabular space. The specimen was slightly damaged and the
left testis was not clearly defined. Ovary somewhat subtriangular in
outline, at right lateral border of ventral sucker, The vitellaria con-
sist of a cluster of compact follicles on each lateral margin, from
about the anterior border of the ventral sucker to about the anterior
edge of the testes. The uterus les between the testes and fills the
middle space between the vitellaria and behind the ovary, and oc-
cupies a considerable portion of the posttesticular space. The ex-
cretory pore is surrounded by deeply staining cells, but the excretory
vessels are not distinguishable. The granular appearance of the
parenchyma, especially conspicuous in the neck, is a characteristic of
this species. The dimensions of these bodies in this specimen are
rather smaller than those given by Manter, very few of them measur-
ing as much as 0.015 mm. in diameter.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.75 mm.; breadth, at level of
ventral sucker, 0.62 mm., maximum about 0.7 mm.; distance of ven-
tral sucker from anterior end 0.62 mm.; diameter of oral sucker 0.14
mm., of pharynx 0.05 mm., of ventral sucker 0.14 mm.; length of
esophagus 0.3 mm.; ova about 0.039 by 0.024 mm.
There is also in Mr. Edwards’ collection an example of this species
(U.S.N.M. No. 3196) from Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus; date
of collecting not given. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.35 mm. ;
maximum breadth, at middle of length, 1 mm.; diameter of oral
sucker, 0.19 mm., of pharynx, 0.06 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.021 mm.;
length of esophagus about 0.4 mm.; cirrus pouch, length, 0.45 mm.,
breadth, 0.18 mm.; ova 0.03 by 0.015 mm. to 0.034 by 0.018 mm.
The ventral sucker is weak and was at first overlooked. In ventral
view the posterior end of the cirrus pouch with the enclosed seminal
vesicle can be seen plainly through its walls. The uterus is volumi-
nous, its folds lying between the testes and filling the greater part
of the posttesticular region; ova numerous. The body in front of
the vitellaria is filled with round, oval, and pyriform granular bodies
from 0.01 to 0.03 mm. in diameter; also the excretory vessel, near the
terminal excretory pore, is surrounded by pyriform cells.
This species has been recorded by both Stafford and Manter from
the halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus).
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 49
Family ACANTHOCOLPIDAE Lihe, 1909
Genus DEROPRISTIS Odhner, 1902
DEROPRISTIS INFLATA (Molin)
PLATE 21, FIGURE 283
Deropristis inflata (Molin), MANTrER, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, p. 110,
1926.
Body densely covered with spines on anterior half, becoming
sparsely scattered on the posterior half. In dorsal view the spines at
the anterior end are in regular transverse rows, length, 0.009 mm. ;
breadth at base, 0.004 mm. On the median line at the level of the
inflated portion of the neck there is a patch of larger spines, as much
as 0.024 mm. in length and 0.007 mm. in breadth. The spines on the
lateral margins of the inflated portion are stout, length 0.021 mm.;
breadth, 0.009 mm. On the ventral side the margin of the inflated
portion is armed with stout spines, elsewhere the spines are small.
Oral and ventral suckers nearly equal; distance from anterior end to
ventral sucker about one sixth of the entire length. The pharynx
is a little longer than broad. There is a short prepharynx, and an
esophagus about as long as the pharynx. The cirrus was retracted in
all the specimens observed. It is armed with relatively long and
slender spines. The spinous retracted cirrus is followed by the
seminal vesicle, which has a longer anterior and shorter posterior
division. The metraterm appeared to lie close to the dorsal side of
that portion of the invaginated cirrus which lay in front of the
spinous portion. Back of the point of coincidence of position with
the cirrus, the metraterm is lined with spines which resemble those
of the cirrus. The proportions and relative positions of these parts
differ in various individuals. In a typical specimen, 4.69 mm. in
length, the anterior ends of the spinous portions of cirrus and metra-
term were 0.21 mm. back of the ventral sucker; the metraterm, on
the right side of the cirrus, measured 0.56 mm. in length and 0.14 mm.
in greatest breadth. The spinous portion of the cirrus was about 0.50
mm. in length and 0.21 mm, in breadth. The ovary in this specimen
lay 0.7 mm. in front of the first testis, and the anterior end of the
first testis was 0.87 mm. from the posterior end of the body. First
testis, length, 0.33 mm.; breadth, 0.19 mm.; second testis, length, 0.42
mm., breadth 0.41 mm.; posterior end of second testis, 0.28 mm.
from posterior end of body; one testis overlaps the other by 0.14 mm.
The vitellaria are diffuse and extend from about the level of the
middle of the seminal vesicle to within a short distance of the first
testis. Folds of the uterus, containing many eggs, fill the body from
the seminal vesicle to the first testis. There is a large seminal recep-
155599404
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
tacle dorsal and posterior to the ovary. Ova in balsam about 0.045
by 0.021 mm. to 0.048 by 0.024 mm.
TaBLy 18.—Measurements of five mounted specimens of Deropristis inflata,
Nos. 1-3 in balsam ; Nos. 4, 5 in glycerin
Measurement 1 2 3 4 5
Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm.
SIT Cae ee eee eae eae eee eee at eens Se IIE Se es 2.10 2. 80 4.27 4.97 4.09
Breadth\of-neek 2222215 © oo eRe eee sees Set ass .24 .39 . 36 43 ~43
Breadthiot pod yi=*25 2 22 ek Ee ee eh ee -21 . 52 .39 47 49
Oralisnucker#leneth=2-- 052) een ee ee ee ese ae . 04 .09 .10 13 13
Oralisucker;ibreadth! soit ee eee et ees . 09 ale .13 .14 .14
IBharynizilength <0 ee i 2 oe ee ae Pe -05 . 08 .07 ot aut
IPHSry nx | Dress ths cece cee eee eee are a ne ere See .05 . 08 -10 - 08 . 08
Ventralisucker;flength ie. .: See ecb a8 bbe ee cee ee eee . 07 .14 iD) .17 15
Ventralisucker..bread tha 26g oe ie . 08 17 St 15 «15
Host.—American eel (Anguilla rostrata).
Record of collections —Two, collected August 14, 1905, slender,
yellowish, with expanded neck; ova 0.047 by 0.023 mm. Thirty-three,
collected December 6, 1909, small, slender, neck inflated, spinose.
Sixteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8197), collected November 18, 1911; length
in formalin 4mm. One, collected July 31, 1912, macerated, spines
shed.
One, collected August 19, 1912, orange color by reflected light,
rusty yellow by transmitted hght; neck inflated, armed with strong
spines; 6 low nodules on head. Dimensions, life: Length, 2.86 mm.;
breadth, anterior 0.15 mm., neck 0.32 mm., body, maximum, 0.57 mm.;
breadth of oral sucker 0.13 mm., of pharynx 0.07 mm., of ventral
sucker 0.16 mm.; ova somewhat irregular, about 0.048 by 0.024 mm.
Nine, collected March 29, 1913. Forty, collected April 8, 1913.
Two, collected April 21,1915. Three, collected April 30, 1914; length
3.5 mm. in formalin. Six, collected May 1, 1914. Fifty-five, collected
June 13, 1914, 1.42 to 5 mm. in formalin. A few, collected July 10,
1914.
DEROPRISTIS HISPIDA (Abilgaard)
PLATE 21, Ficure 284; PLate 22, FicurEes 285-287
Deropristis hispida (Rudolphi) Luun, in Brauer’s Die Siisswasserfauna Deutsch-
lands, vol. 17, Trematodes, p. 85, fig. 69, 1909.
The collection contains two of these distomes, collected May 13,
1913, by Vinal N. Edwards from the intestine of a small sturgeon
(Acipenser sturio) taken at Menemsha Bight.
The expanded neck of this species is made up largely of strong
muscle fibers and evidently acts as an organ of adhesion. There is
a cluster of stout spines on each lateral margin of the neck and
another on the dorsal surface about on a level with the pharynx.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 51
In older worms the anterior surface of the body is covered with
spines, but in younger specimens the surface is nearly devoid of
spines. The ventral sucker is a little larger than the oral, and the
pharynx is longer than the oral sucker.
Measurements in formalin: Length, 7.8 mm.; breadth of expanded
portion of the neck, exclusive of spines, 0.57 mm., in front of ventral
sucker, 0.21 mm., at middle of length, 0.29 mm., near posterior end,
0.35 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; diameter
of ventral sucker, 0.19 mm.; distance from anterior end of ventral
sucker about 0.9 mm.
In another specimen: Oral sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.15
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.15 mm., breadth, 0.12 mm.; ventral sucker,
length, 0.16 mm., breadth, 0.18 mm.; ova about 0.042 by 0.024 mm, in
balsam.
In the older specimens the ova fill the space between the testes,
which are at the posterior end of the body, and the seminal vesicle.
The cirrus is long and spinous, the cirrus pouch extending far back
of the ventral sucker, with the seminal vesicle at its posterior end.
The metraterm lies beside the cirrus pouch and is lined with spines.
On July 20, 1924, two of these distomes, 4 and 6 mm. in length,
were collected from a small sturgeon measuring 85 cm. in length
(U.S.N.M. No. 8198).
Genus STEPHANOSTOMUM Looss, 1899
STEPHANOSTOMUM DENTATUM (Linton)
PLATE 8, FIGURE 25
Distomum dentatum LinToN, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 283, 294, figs.
64-67, 1900; ibid., p. 483, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 582,
1918.
This species is smaller and relatively broader than S. tenuis, also
the ova are smaller, and the pharynx is relatively smaller.
In strongly contracted specimens the pharynx is contiguous with
the oral sucker, but in individuals with the neck not greatly con-
tracted a prepharynx can be seen. There does not appear to be an
esophagus. The number of oral spines is 54; length of oral spines
about 0.05 mm. The entire body may be covered with closely placed
spines, most abundant on the neck, less numerous toward the poste-
rior end. Specimens were seen which had lost some of or all the
oral spines and most of the spines from the body. The body spines,
seen in front view, are somewhat scalelike with bluntly rounded
ends; in edge view, as seen on the margins of the neck, they are slen-
der, tapering, and slightly recurved. The oral spines are of nearly
uniform diameter for the basal half of the length, then taper gradu-
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
ally to the tip, which is sharp pointed. In most cases the oral sucker
is ventrally placed; when the neck is extended it tends to become
terminal.
The genital pore is on the median line at the anterior margin of
the ventral sucker. The cirrus pouch passes on, or above, the right
margin of the ventral sucker, and encloses the seminal vesicle; when
not disturbed by compression it lies dorsal to the ventral sucker. It
may be concealed, or more or less displaced by ova massed behind
the ventral sucker. The testes lie on the median line, one following
the other closely. There is considerable variation in their shape,
some being nearly circular in outline, some longer than broad, some
broader than long and some subtriangular. The anterior border of
the first testis is usually not far from the middle of the length, and
the distance of the second testis from the posterior end is greater
than the length of a testis. The ovary is near the right anterior bor-
der of the first testis, usually nearly circular in outline, but in some
cases broader than long. A seminal receptacle was not seen, the
appearance being that of sperm in the early folds of the uterus.
The uterus les between the ovary and the ventral sucker, the metra-
term passing along the left border of the ventral sucker to the genital
pore. The vitellaria are diffuse, filling the posttesticular space and
extending to about the level of the middle of the ventral sucker.
They fill the marginal regions, and in many instances follicles lie
both dorsal and ventral to the testes and ovary.
Host—Summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus).
Record of coliections—Three, collected July 27, 1904, not in good
condition, macerated. One, collected August 9, 1904. Three, col-
lected August 15, 1906. One, collected August 16, 1906. Ten, col-
lected August 20, 1906; small, partly macerated, no spines around
mouth, indistinct on body. One, collected August 16, 1929, macer-
ated, spines evanescent; length, 1.85 mm.; breadth 0.6 mm.; ova 0.06
by 0.042 mm.
TABLE 14.—Measurements of four specimens of Stephanostomum dentatum
in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4
Mm Mm. Mm Mm
EEE Ace R see he eae Me eee A al Lee 1.40 2.10 2. 80 2. 91
IViaxam trp read baesee ne weres neetaene ee oa sal .70 1.00 na,
Oral'sucker,lengtht: = Sie 4p) fa f28) 17 215 .25 .14
Oralisucker, breadth stesso 18 .14 .18 .19
MPVS YEA 5 MOTE Geet wre OE | een .10 ~12 - 16
Pharynx, breagthece her ce ee 8 eee syd PONE Sa a eee -10 -1l ld
Ventral'suckers lenofhe est oa eS ae .18 .17 25 322
Ventralisucker;#breadth 222-2222 6 ed ee 24 18 21 23
Ova seers ESO Se APES ORI eee 2ee es dee .057 by .03 | .045 by .03 06 by .04 . 057 by . 03
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 53
Collected by Vinal N. Edwards on four dates in September, two
in October, and one in November; eight fishes were examined and
62 distomes obtained. The greatest number on any one date was 47
from two fishes, collected on October 6. For the other dates the
numbers recorded are 7, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1; one fish having been examined
on each date (U.S.N.M. Nos. 8199-8200).
STEPHANOSTOMUM FILIFORME, new species
PLATE 3, FiguRES 26-28
Variable in length, slender, and nearly linear; oral spines about 44
to 48, number not exactly determined; coarse spines on neck, few and
scattered toward posterior end; length of oral spines about 0.06 mm.,
of neck spines 0.08 mm.; neck variable, but relatively short; pre-
pharynx long; esophagus short or lacking; intestines reach to pos-
terior end; ventral sucker larger than oral; genital pore in front of
ventral suckers; cirrus pouch and seminal vesicle long, equal in some
cases to one third the Jength of the postacetabular region; testes
near the posterior end, one following the other with but little inter-
val between; ovary separated from the first testis by a greater or
less interval; early folds of the uterus in front of ovary contain
sperm; vitellaria diffuse, filling the posterior two thirds or more of
the postacetabular space, but not reaching as far forward as the
ventral sucker; uterus with many but not numerous ova in front of
ovary.
Measurements of one of longer specimens in formalin: Length,
15 mm., breadth, of oral circle of spines, 0.28 mm., behind circle of
spines, 0.21 mm.; maximum breadth, 0.44 mm.; distance of ventral
sucker from anterior end, 2.1 mm.
Measurements of one of shorter specimens in balsam: Length,
8.22 mm.; breadth, oral circle of spines, 0.22 mm., behind circle of
spines, 0.14 mm., at level of ventral sucker, 0.88 mm., at level of testes,
0.49 mm.; distance of ventral sucker from anterior end, 1.12 mm.,
from ventral sucker to vitellaria, 2.12 mm., from second testis to
posterior end, 0.35 mm.; ovary, length, 0.19 mm., breadth, 0.18 mm. ;
first testis, length, 0.7 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; second testis, length,
0.74 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.
Type specimens.—U.S8.N.M. No. 8202 (holotype and paratypes).
Hosts—Great amberfish (Seriola lalandi), crevallé (Caranx hip-
pos), cocinero (Paratractus caballus).
Record of collections—Five, collected August 14, 1906, from
amberfish; 10 to 12 mm. long, much macerated. Twenty-eight
(U.S.N.M. No. 8202), collected September 20, 1910, from amberfish;
three fishes examined.
54 : PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8203), collected September 22, 1918, from
crevallé; length 8 mm., breadth 0.6 mm., in formalin. Measurements
in balsam: Length, 7 mm.; breadth, 0.46 mm.; diameter oral circle of
spines, 0.22 mm.; oral sucker, length 0.11 mm., breadth 0.15 mm.;
pharynx (indistinct), length 0.15 mm., breadth 0.12 mm.; ventral
sucker, length 0.21 mm., breadth 0.24 mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.036 mm. ;
length of oral spines about 0.07 mm., of neck spines 0.015 to 0.03 mm.
This distome agrees rather closely with the distomes from 8S. lalandi.
The number of oral spines could not be determined exactly, but there
are at least 44 in the two circles. The neck is contracted, breadth
behind circle of spines, 0.14 mm., then expanding to a breadth of
0.45 mm.; length of neck, that is, from anterior end to ventral sucker,
0.6 mm. Prepharynx longer than pharynx; cirrus pouch and sem-
inal vesicle long, extending 1.5 mm. back of ventral sucker; distance
of ovary from first testis 0.5 mm., from first to second testis 0.15 mm.,
from second testis to posterior end 0.5 mm.; uterus median, from
ovary to genital pore; vitellaria dense, from posterior end to a point
1.4 mm. back of ventral sucker.
TABLE 15.—Measurements of three specimens of Stephanostomum filiforme
in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3
Mm. Mm. Mm.
TNS ra OnE Fn ranges eee ese es eee ee eee ae See 13. 30 9.94 7. 63
Maximumubread Cnet pits 322 es 2 ie RS Ue ee aU . 42 . 42 . 28
Oralisnekertlenegne maar] a eS aes fe a ee eee ee .14 .14 .14
Oralisuck er Dread (isan es a ere seen ean em ke ee cee ol ia wT
IPharynx length ates sae Seen es tee Re eh eee 15 aad .14
Bary xO TEAC ED heres ae ee ee ee eee ee ae wie . 10 . 09
Ventralisackereneths 2222 25 set eee TLS tes Oe Bo . 29 wae . 25
Ventralisuckerspreadthte > sss sf. Seetareee see | eee eee Loo .18 .19
Mengthiohiprephnanyikaces es ee ee as ee ee ee . 84 . 56 77
Antenionend: tonventrallshHekers so essen eee ee eens 1,40 . 98 1.12
ON ATVAEOMITSEIEOSEIS Se ee a ee eee al? . 35 45
Oy rae ere eri Riana Sin eu ee a Ree = tee | Sade oo a 0.06 by .04 | 0.06 by .04 0.06 by .04
One and a fragment (U.S.N.M. No. 8204), collected October 13,
1911, from the cocinero; 15 fishes examined: Length, 9 mm.; breadth,
1 mm., in formalin. Measurements in balsam: Length, 7.14 mm.;
breadth, 0.35 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.138 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.;
pharynx, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.19 mm.; ventral sucker, length,
0.28 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm. (lateral view); length of oral spines
about 0.06 mm., of neck spines about 0.03 mm.; ovary, length, 0.21
mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; first testis, length, 0.63 mm., breadth, 0.25
mm.; second testis, length, 0.48 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; distance from
ovary to first testis, 0.28 mm., from first to second testis, 0.14 mm.,
from second testis to posterior end, 0.35 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.04 mm.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 55
Vitellaria dense, filling posterior part of body to within 1.9 mm. of
ventral sucker. Distance from anterior end to ventral sucker 0.84
mm. Length of prepharynx about 0.32 mm.
STEPHANOSTOMUM TENUE (Linton)
PuLate 4, Figures 32-34
Distomum tenue Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 535, 536, pl. 52,
figs. 2-8, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 455, 456, 468, 469,
1901.
Distomum tenue tenwissime Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 536,
537, pl. 52, figs. 9-12, 1898.
Distomes referred to this species from 10 species of fishes in the Beaufort,
N. C., region, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, 1905.
Many of the distomes here recorded are imperfect in that the oral
spines are either missing or in such condition that their exact number
can not be determined; in many cases also the dermal spines are
evanescent. About 42 oral spines were counted in distomes from
Roccus saxatilis and Morone americana and about 48 in distomes from
Hemitripterus americanus.
In general the ova of the distomes recorded under S. tenwe measure
0.08 by 0.04 mm. or more, while those under S. dentatwm are 0.06 by
0.03 mm. or less; all measurements were made on material mounted
in balsam. The average diameters of oral sucker, pharynx, and ven-
tral sucker of distomes from different hosts are as follows:
Species Oral sucker Pharynx Ventral sucker
Mm. Mm. Mm.
PSS Ce 7a tees see eet on ee ee ce 3B ade os ee I Sh 0.18 0. 225 0. 32
Sy dentatum a 3223 528 ects 2h ss oes as aes eees seen ge totes 14 . 140 228
Hosts.—Sand launce (Ammodytes americanus), sea raven (Hemi-
tripterus americanus), kingfish (Menticirrhus sawxatilis), white perch
(Morone americana), striped bass (Roccus saxatilis), toadfish (Op-
sanus tau).
Record of collections —One (U.S.N.M. No. 8205), collected Octo-
ber 20, 1914, from sand launce. Measurements in balsam: Length,
3 mm.; breadth, 0.75 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.22
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.32 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; ventral sucker,
length, 0.85 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.; ova, 0.096 by 0.054 mm. Most
of the oral spines are missing, coarse spines on neck; prepharynx at
least as long as pharynx; esophagus very short; seminal vesicle
extends for three-fourths the distance from ventral sucker to ovary.
There is a short interval between the testes in which a few vitelline
follicles lie; ovary at anterior edge of testis; shell gland at anterior
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
median border of ovary; ova few; vitellaria from posterior end
nearly to ventral sucker, not dense; intestines extend to posterior end
of body.
Seventy-two (U.S.N.M. No. 8206), collected January 10, 1914,
from sea raven; maximum length, in formalin, 5.5 mm. Body nearly
linear; neck tapering, variable, average about 5.5 times in entire
length; about 48 oral spines; length of oral spine about 0.05 mm.;
spines on neck dense, length about 0.04 mm.; spines on body smaller,
but continue to posterior end; prepharynx, when neck is not con-
tracted, longer than pharynx; esophagus lacking; cirrus pouch
dorsal to ventral sucker; seminal vesicle extends back of ventral
sucker, but not halfway to ovary, more or less crumpled, as if
crowded forward by ova; testes longer than broad, contiguous, or with
short interval between; ovary nearly circular in outline, a little to
right of median line, near anterior border of first testis. In some
there is a short interval between ovary and testis in which follicles
of the vitallaria lie. Vitellaria extend from posterior end to ventral
sucker, follicles coarse. Testes near posterior end. In one distome,
length, 4 mm., the second testis was 0.25 mm. from the posterior end;
in another, length, 4.62 mm., the second testis was 0.35 mm. from the
posterior end. Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.15 mm.; breadth,
0.7 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.19 mm.; pharynx,
length, 0.25 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.28 mm..
breadth, 0.32 mm.; ova, average of eight, 0.08 by 0.04 mm.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8207), collected September 8, 1910, from king-
fish. Spines evanescent; oral spines missing; a few scattering spines
on neck and dorsal side of body. Dimensions in balsam, lateral
view: Length, 2.73 mm.; breadth, 0.56 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14
mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 0.15
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 0.24 mm.; ova, 0.08
by 0.04 mm. Greatest breadth near posterior end at level of pos-
terior testis, tapering to anterior end, posterior end bluntly rounded;
prepharynx shorter than pharynx; esophagus very short or none; cir-
rus pouch long, slender, dorsal to ventral sucker; seminal vesicle
long, pyriform, behind ventral sucker about halfway to ovary; testes
about as broad as long, separated by a short interval which is filled
with vitellaria; posterior testis 0.28 mm. from posterior end; ovary
nearly circular in outline, at anterior border of first testis, on right
side of median line; vitellaria extend to within about 0.1 mm. of
ventral sucker ; vitelline follicles rather coarse; ova in front of ovary,
few.
Recorded from white perch: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp.
536, 537, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 456, 1901. One
(U.S.N.M. No. 8208), collected May 31, 1907, from white perch;
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 57
length, 7 mm. in formalin. Densely spinous on neck, spines con-
tinue to level of posterior testis. This specimen, mounted in balsam,
shows only a lateral view of oral spines. There are about 42 spines
in the two oral circles. Length of oral spines about 0.06 mm., of neck
spines about 0.036 mm.; seminal vesicle extends more than halfway
from ventral sucker to ovary; vitellaria extend from posterior end
to level of anterior border of ventral sucker; a few follicles between
testes; prepharynx as long as pharynx; esophagus short, or none;
ova, 0.084 by 0.045 mm.
Recorded from striped bass: Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 535,
536, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 455, 1901. One
(U.S.N.M. No. 8209), collected July 13, 1925, from striped bass. This
distome was somewhat macerated, oral and cuticular spines missing.
The seminal vesicle extends 1 mm. back of ventral sucker, to a point
0.7 mm. in front of ovary. The vitellaria extend to within 0.2 mm.
of the ventral sucker, its follicles filling the intervals between the
testes and between the ovary and first testis. The ovary is separated
from the first testis by a space equal to its diameter, and the testes
are separated from each other by a somewhat longer interval. Shell
gland in front of ovary; no seminal receptacle could be distin-
guished, but the early folds of the uterus appeared to contain sperm.
Dimensions in balsam: Length, 4.62 mm.; breadth, 0.56 mm. (maxi-
mum, at anterior border of ventral sucker); breadth behind ven-
tral sucker, 0.45 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.21
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ventral sucker,
length, 0.8 mm., breadth, 0.33 mm.; ova, 0.084 by 0.04 mm., 0.09 by
0.045 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.35 mm.; esophagus lacking or
very short. A reexamination of old material from this host was
made and the number of oral spines found to be 42, as stated in the
original description of the species.
Recorded from toadfish: Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp.
468, 469, 1901.
STEPHANOSTOMUM VALDE-INFLATUM (Stossich)
Distomum valde-inflatum Stossich, Linton, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp.
527, 528, pl. 47, figs. 1, 2, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 444,
464, 1901.
Since these immature, encysted distomes have not yet been allied
with any adult stage it seems best to record them under this specific
designation.
Hosts —Filefish (Ceratacanthus schoepfi), silversides (Menidia
notata), toadfish (Opsanus tau), sunfish (Mola mola).
Record of collections—Recorded from filefish: Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 20, pp. 527, 528, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899;
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
pp. 444, 464, 1901. One, collected August 17, 1909, in cyst from file-
fish. Specimens collected July 13, 1911, in cysts on intestine of file-
fish ; length, 1.12 mm., breadth, 0.8 mm. Large numbers of spherical
cysts, collected August 21, 1915, from filefish, widely distributed in
the muscles from tail to head, and between the vertebral spines, both
haemal and dorsal; also in the peritoneal cavity, on the viscera and on
the ventricle. In the flesh the spherical cysts, from 0.06 to 2 mm.
in diameter, are enclosed in larger cysts 4.5 by 2.5 mm. Cysts on the
ventrical and viscera are globular, without any of the white, granular,
or cheesy material which is associated with the cysts in the flesh.
Many spherical cysts, collected September 6, 1927, from filefish
in peritoneal cavity, on auricles and on mucous membrane of
pharynx; a double circle of hooks around the mouth, about 32 in each
circle.
Recorded from silversides: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p.
444, 1901. Many globular cysts on viscera of silversides, collected by
Dr. Irving A. Field on August 25, 1904. Few small cysts, collected
August 30, 1910, from silversides; transparent, amber colored, and
containing opaque distomes; cysts 0.8 mm. to 1 mm. in diameter; 24
fishes examined.
One, collected July 6, 1901, from toadfish; small, yellow, globular
cyst, containing a distome with double circle of spines around mouth ;
about 24 spines in each circle. Few cysts on mesentery of toadfish,
collected August 22, 1903. Four cysts on mesentery of toadfish col-
lected August 25, 1903. Two cysts in stomach wall of toadfish, col-
lected August 4, 1908.
A distome (U.S.N.M. No. 8210), collected from a sunfish, July 19,
1926, is here recorded. The specimen is not in good condition, having
lost all the oral, and the greater part of the cuticular, spines. The
neck is relatively longer and slenderer than in S. dentatwm; also
there is a seminal receptacle, which has not been observed in the dis-
tomes from the flounder. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.82
mm.; breadth, 0.4 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.14
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.06 mm.; ventral sucker,
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.027 mm., 0.06 by
0.036 mm.
Another small distome was noted that had spines around the mouth,
but unfortunately it was lost before measurements had been made.
STEPHANOSTOMUM species
PLATE 4, FIGURES 29-31
Host.—Great amberfish (Seriola lalandi).
Three of the distomes (U.S.N.M. No. 8211), collected from this
host, September 20, 1910, differ from the others obtained on this
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 59
date. They are much smaller and are sagittate, or long-oval, in out-
line instead of linear. They are somewhat macerated, all spines
missing, except a few of the oral spines on one specimen. The great-
est breadth is at about the middle of the postacetabular region,
whence they taper rather uniformly to the anterior end, and are
bluntly rounded posteriorly. The ventral sucker is much larger than
the oral; pharynx longer than broad, and longer than the oral
sucker; prepharynx as long as or longer than pharynx; esophagus
short or lacking. The seminal vesicle extends far back of the
ventral sucker; testes near the posterior end, one following and
touching the other; ovary relatively small, at right anterior border
of first testis; uterus between ovary and ventral sucker; vitellaria
diffuse, follicles small, extending, in a specimen 2.28 mm. in length,
to within 0.35 mm. of the ventral sucker. In optical section the neck
shows a deeper layer of strong, transverse fibers, which are some-
what sinuous, and produce the effect of a lattice with lozenge-shaped
openings, and an outer layer of fine, longitudinal fibers (pl. 4,
fig. 31).
Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.22 mm., maximum breadth,
0.59 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; pharynx,
length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.27
mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; oral spines, length, 0.021 mm., breadth,
0.012 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.03 mm.
These distomes bear some resemblance to Lechradena edentula
Linton ”*, which should be regarded as a species of Stephanostomum.
STEPHANOSTOMUM species
Host.—Leatherjack (Oligoplites saurus).
Two fragments of a distome (U.S.N.M. No. 8212), collected July
24, 1924, are here noted.
Measurements in balsam: Anterior fragment: Length, 2.8 mm.;
breadth, 0.85 mm.; length of seminal vesicle, 1.26 mm., breadth,
0.18 mm.; ova, 0.069 by 0.036 mm. The anterior end of the seminal
vesicle is about at the same level as the anterior follicles of the
vitellaria, which are 0.49 mm. from the anterior end of the frag-
ment on one side, and 0.63 mm. on the other. Posterior fragment :
Length, 4.62 mm.; breadth, 0.7 mm.; first testis, length, 0.8 mm.,
breadth, 0.46 mm.; second testis, length, 0.87 mm., breadth, 0.46 mm.;
ovary, length, 0.26 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; distance between ovary
and first testis, 0.15 mm., between testes, 0.22 mm.; from second
testis to posterior end, 138 mm. Vitellaria, composed of rather
coarse follicles, fill the posttesticular space, the spaces between
testes and those between ovary and testis. They are interrupted at
4 Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 133, pp. 46, 47, fig. 87, 1910.
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
the levels of testes and ovary, begin again on front of the ovary,
and continue in the anterior fragment along each lateral margin in
a band about one third the breadth of the body. The anterior frag-
ment is very densely spinose, the spines continuing to the level of
the first testis, where they are sparse; length of spines about 0.01
mm.; testes long-oval, ovary nearly circular in outline; shell gland
in front of ovary; no seminal receptacle seen; some indication that
the supply of sperm had been exhausted, numerous nucleated cells,
apparently unfertilized germ cells, lying in the uterus associated
with the ova.
Family ECHINOSTOMIDAE Looss, 1902
Subfamily ECHINOSTOMINAE Looss, 1899
Genus ECHINOSTOMUM Rudolphi, 1899
ECHINOSTOMUM species
In June, 1915, twelve trout perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus) from
Constantia, N. Y. (Oneida Lake), collected June 6, were sent to me
for examination. Dr. Tarleton H. Bean in an accompanying letter
stated that the collector reported that about 5 percent of the fish had
“something wrong with the eyes.” ‘The fish had been taken from a
small stream into which they had come to spawn. No distomes were
found in any of the abnormal eyes. Tissues from diseased and from
normal eyes were examined for bacteria by E. S. Linton. Numerous
short bacilli were found in the abnormal eyes, none were found in
the normal eyes. Two encysted distomes were found in an apparently
normal eye, one in the connective tissue outside the eyeball, the
other in one of the eye muscles; diameters of cysts 0.4 by 0.3 mm.
and 0.3 by 0.22 mm.; distomes with a single circle of about 24 spines
around the mouth, length of spines 0.04 mm.; neck spinose. In one
of the fishes an eye which seemed to be more prominent than the
other was opened and an encysted distome found in the teased mate-
rial, apparently from the connective tissue surrounding the eyeball;
body of distome minutely spinose; single circle of spines, 20 or more,
around the mouth; length of spines, 0.035 mm. Length of distome,
0.34 mm. Another slightly bulging eye was examined and two en-
cysted distomes found. The larger cyst measured 0.56 by 0.5 mm.
What appears to be this specimen, compressed and mounted in balsam,
is 0.8 mm. in length; diameter of crown of spines, 0.17 mm.; length
of spines, 0.04 mm.; number of spines about 30; diameter of ventral
sucker, 0.07 mm. The smaller cyst, 0.33 by 0.22 mm.; number of oral
spines 20 or more; length of spines 0.0835 mm. Another cyst adhering
to the outside of an eyeball measured 0.37 by 0.84 mm.; distome with
about 18 oral spines. (U.S.N.M. No. 8213.)
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 61
Subfamily HIMASTHLINAE Odhner, 1911
Genus HIMASTHLA Dietz, 1909
HIMASTHLA TENSA, new species
PLatTe 4, FIGURE 35
Body nearly linear; neck short, covered with minute spines, about
0.02 mm. in length and continuing for a short distance back of the
ventral sucker; pharynx small, close to oral sucker; esophagus long;
intestines begin at anterior border of ventral sucker, indistinct in
balsam mounts, but appear to extend to posterior end. Genital pore
at anterior edge of ventral sucker on median line; cirrus pouch and
seminal vesicle long, extending back of ventral sucker, the seminal
vesicle more or less spirally curved; testes longer than broad, near
posterior end, one following the other closely. In one of the speci-
mens the testes are slightly irregular, the first having a deep notch
on one side and the second being constricted about the middle of its
length, the posterior half being distinctly narrower than the anterior.
Ovary subglobular, a short distance in front of the first testis and a
little to the right of the median line. An ample shell gland and vitel-
line reservoir lie between the ovary and first testis. The early folds
of the uterus contain sperm. The vitellaria extend from the posterior
end about to the posterior end of the seminal vesicle. The body is
considerably elongated between the ovary and ventral sucker; numer-
ous ova lie along the median line, between the marginal vitellaria,
from the ovary to the anterior end of the vitellaria.
The ventral sucker is larger than the oral, and the mouth is sur-
rounded by a single circle of spines, with two extra spines at the
angles at each side. These extra spines are posterior to the others, and
if continued would form an outer circle. The oral spines are about
0.02 mm. in length and 0.015 mm. in breadth; as near as could be
determined the number of oral spines is about 32.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 5.82 mm.; maximum breadth,
0.59 mm.; breadth of circle of oral spines, 0.26 mm., of oral sucker,
0.11 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.07 mm.; ventral
sucker, length, 0.31 mm., breadth, 0.81 mm.; ova somewhat variabie,
average of four 0.075 by 0.038 mm.; first testis, length, 0.5 mm.,
breadth, 0.82 mm.; second testis, length, 0.7 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.;
distance of second testis from posterior end, 0.7 mm.; length of
esophagus, 0.85 mm.
Host—Common codfish (Gadus morrhua).
Record of collections —Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8214), collected Jan-
uary 22, 1915; 12 fishes examined.
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
Family ALLOCREADIIDAE Stossich, 1904
Subfamily ALLOCREADIINAE Looss, 1902
Genus LEBOURIA Nicoll, 1909
LEBOURIA TRUNCATA, new species
PLATE 3, Fieures 21, 22
Small distomes, smooth, generally broadest near posterior end,
tapering to anterior end; often subtriangular in outline; ventral
sucker larger than oral; pharynx about half diameter of oral sucker;
esophagus short, but in flattened specimens as long as or longer than
pharynx; intestines reach to posterior end; genital pore near posterior
end of pharynx, on median line, or near it. Cirrus and cirrus pouch
not seen; seminal vesicle dorsal to ventral sucker, seen at the an-
terior border of the ventral sucker in one, where it appeared to have
been crowded forward by the mass of ova; in another it lay at the
right posterior border of the ventral sucker, length, 0.09 mm., breadth,
0.045 mm., and extending for about half its length back of the ventral
sucker. It would appear that the cirrus is represented only by an
ejaculatory duct. Testes two, diagonal, contiguous. Ovary in front
of right testis, on right side of median line, lobed. Uterus between
testes and ventral sucker, many ova lying along the left side and in
front of the ventral sucker, as far as the pharynx, and in one case
to the left side of the oral sucker. While not certainly made out,
the early folds of the uterus appeared to contain sperm. Shell gland
on left of ovary; vitellaria diffuse, from posterior end along the mar-
gins to the level of the pharynx. Ova in balsam about 0.06 by
0.03 mm.
Type specimens —U.S.N.M. No. 8216 (holotype and paratypes).
Hosts—Common weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), kingfish (Menti-
cirrhus saxatilis), white perch (Morone americana), lizardfish
(Synodus foetens).
Record of collections ——Collections of July 7, 1899, and August 6,
1900, from weakfish, on slides containing specimens of Cymbephallus
witellosus. Dimensions in balsam: Length, 1.57 mm., breadth, 0.75
mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.16 mm., of pharynx, 0.08 mm., of
ventral sucker, 0.31 mm.; ova, 0.061 by 0.034 mm.
Twelve (U.S.N.M. No. 8215), collected September 10, 1928, from
8 young weakfish, from 68 to 112 mm. in length. These fish were
seined on the same date and at the same locality as the examples of
Menticirrhus saxatilis and Synodus foetens, from which this distome
was also obtained.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 63
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8216), collected September 11, 1907, from king-
fish. Measurements, life: Length, 1.28 mm., breadth, 0.6 mm.; breadth
of oral sucker, 0.12 mm., of pharynx, 0.07 mm., of ventral sucker,
0.28 mm.; ova, 0.061 by 0.034 mm. The specimen, in balsam, is much
flattened, slightly broader at the level of the posterior edge of the
ventral sucker than toward the posterior end; esophagus a little
longer than pharynx.
One, collected September 23, 1913, from kingfish; 8 fishes examined.
Length in balsam, 1.12 mm., breadth, 0.53 mm.
Twenty-four small distomes, collected September 10, 1928, from
kingfish; 34 young fishes, 81 to 1837 mm. in length, examined; same
species found in young Cynoscion regalis and lizardfish (Synodus
joetens), seined at the same locality on the same date. Dimensions
of larger specimens in close agreement with those given above. Di-
mensions of the smaller distomes in balsam: Length, 0.67 mm.;
breadth, 0.25 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.08 mm., of pharynx,
0.045 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.13 mm.; ova 0.06 by 0.03 mm.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8217), collected May 31, 1907, from white perch.
Dimensions, balsam: Length, 0.70 mm., breadth, 0.38 mm.; diameter
of oral sucker, 0.15 mm., of pharynx, 0.08 mm., of ventral sucker,
0.24 mm.; ova, 0.075 by 0.036 mm. Found adhering to a specimen
of Stephanostomum tenue. Vitellaria dense, extending in front of
ventral sucker; testes diagonal; ovary lobed, and adjacent to testis, to
right of median line; only two ova in uterus.
One, collected September 11, 1928, from lizardfish; 15 fishes exam-
ined; same locality and date as specimens of species from Cynoscion
regalis and Menticirrhus sawxatilis.
LEBOURIA species
PLATE 8, FIGURE 23
A distome, near Lebouria truncata, is here recorded.
Body widest at ventral sucker, tapering rapidly to anterior, and
more gradually to posterior end. Genital pore to left of median line,
at level of posterior end of pharynx; prepharynx short, esophagus
about as long as pharynx; seminal vesicle extends a little way beyond
the posterior edge of the ventral sucker on the left side; intestines
concealed by the vitellaria; testes diagonal, close together, at about
middle of postacetabular space; ovary lobed, at right anterior border
of first testis; uterus between ovary and ventral sucker; vitellaria
diffuse, from posterior end along margins nearly to pharynx.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.12 mm.; breadth, 0.36 mm.;
oral sucker, length, 0.10 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; pharynx, length,
0.07 mm., breadth, 0.06 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.18 mm.,
breadth, 0.25 mm.; ova, 0.075 by 0.033 mm.
64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Host—Northern barracuda (Sphyraena borealis).
Record of collection—One (U.S.N.M. No. 8218), collected October
29, 1926; 168 fishes examined.
LEBOURIA species
PLATE 3, FIGURE 24
Host.—Common flatfish (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) .
Record of collection—One specimen, collected May 16, 1916.
Dimensions in balsam: Length 1.26 mm.; breadth 0.98 mm.; diameter
of oral sucker 0.21 mm., of pharynx 0.09 mm., of ventral sucker 0.35
mm.; ova 0.072 by 0.084 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8219.) A small dis-
tome, near L. truncata, somewhat damaged and distorted, being
broken on the left side near the posterior end, where a mass of eggs
protrudes, and having the posterior end folded under ventrally. The
testes appear to be nearly transverse, but the left testis has probably
been crowded back by the mass of ova between it and the ventral
sucker. Body smooth, ovate, broadest at level of testes, which are
nearly transverse and near the posterior end; testes nearly circular in
outline; ovary lobed, near anterior border of right testis; shell gland
to left of ovary, median; vitellaria extend forward to level of oral
sucker, follicles coarse, concealing intestines. So far as the anatomy
can be made out there is a rather close agreement with the distomes
from Cynoscion regalis.
Genus PODOCOTYLE Dujardin, 1845
PODOCOTYLE ATOMON (Rudolphi)
PLATE 1, F1GuRES 1-7
Distomum simplex Rudolphi, Linton, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 485,
1901.
Sinistropus simplex (Rudolphi), STArFrorD, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, pp. 484, 485, 1904.—
Cooper, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 3, vol. 9, sect. 4, pp. 185, 186, fig.
6-8, 1915.
Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi), MAnrTER, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp.
207, 208, fig. 49, 1926.
Body smooth, usually of nearly same breadth throughout; ventral
sucker larger than oral; prepharynx short, esophagus as long as or
longer than pharynx; intestines extend to posterior end; genital pore
to left of median line, approximately near level of posterior end of
pharynx; cirrus pouch anterior and dorsal to ventral sucker; seminal
vesicle extending but a short distance back of ventral sucker; testes 2,
relatively small, one following the other, in some cases with little or
no interval between them, in others with an interval into which
follicles of the vitellaria are inserted; ovary in front of first testis,
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 65
lobed, usually its posterior end three lobed; yolk reservoir dorsal to
anterior border of ovary; seminal receptacle in front of and ventral
to yolk reservoir, not clearly defined in mounted material, the sperm
may be in the early folds of the uterus; shell gland ventral, in front
of ovary; uterus between ovary and ventral sucker; ova, in balsam
mounts, about 0.07 by 0.03 mm.; vitellaria diffuse, from posterior end
along margins without interruption to the ventral sucker.
Hosts—Long-spined sculpin (Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus),
common eastern stickleback (Gladiunculus bispinosus), sea raven
(Hemitripterus americanus), rusty dab (Limanda ferruginea), tom-
cod (Microgadus tomcod), grubby (Acanthocotius aeneus), common
gurnard (Merulinus carolinus), common flatfish (Pseudopleuronectes
americanus), tautog (T’autoga onitis).
Record of collections—AlI\ collections from Acanthocottus octo-
decimspinosus made by Vinal N. Edwards. Three, collected April
20, 1914, from sculpin; three, May 14, 1914; one, October 20, 1914;
five, October 24, 1914, 80 fishes examined; two, October 30, 1914,
50 fishes examined.
Nine, collected April 5, 1915, from sculpin; 34, collected April 12,
1915; 22, collected April 26, 1915.
One, collected April 21, 1916, from sculpin, five fishes examined;
37 (U.S.N.M. No. 8220), collected April 24, 1916.
Many shapes and sizes among formalin material. The length
varies from 2.2 mm., with a breadth of 0.52 mm., to 6 mm., breadth,
2.5 mm.; ova, 0.08 by 0.05 mm.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 5.88 mm.; breadth, 1.54 mm.;
oral sucker, length, 0.82 mm., breadth, 0.36 mm.; pharynx, length,
0.21 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.46 mm.,
breadth, 0.57 mm.; length of esophagus, 0.49 mm.; breadth of first
testis, 0.56 mm., of second testis, 0.6 mm.; ova 0.075 by 0.082 mm.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8221), collected by Vinal N. Edwards, May 8,
1914, from eastern stickleback. Measurements in balsam: Length,
2.6 mm.; maximum breadth, 0.7 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.2
mm., of pharynx, 0.14 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.82 mm., of first testis,
0.21 mm.; ova, 0.07 by 0.083 mm.
All collections from Hemitripterus americanus made by Vinal N.
Edwards. Two, collected November 20, 1911.
Five of the 43 distomes collected on April 26, 1915, and May 26,
1915 (U.S.N.M. No. 8222), from sea raven belong to this species.
Following are average measurements of seven specimens in balsam,
of which the smallest had a length of 2 mm., and breadth of 0.68 mm.,
and the largest a length of 4.54 mm. and breadth of 1.54 mm.; Length,
3.384 mm.; breadth, 1.03 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.23 mm., of
pharynx, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, 0.837 mm.; length of esophagus,
155599—40—5
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
0.18 mm.; breadth of first testis, 0.33 mm., of second testis, 0.3 mm.};
ova about 0.075 by 0.036 mm.
Recorded from rusty dab: Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899,
p. 485, 1901. A reexamination of balsam mounts shows that these
distomes belong here. Dimensions in balsam: Length, 2.71 mm.,
breadth, 0.84 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.17 mm.;
pharynx, length, 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.1 mm.; ventral sucker, length,
0.24 mm., breadth, 0.8 mm.; breadth of first testis, 0.29 mm., second
testis, 0.28 mm.; ova, 0.084 by 0.048 mm. In the lateral view of
another specimen the length of the pharynx is 0.07 mm., of the esoph-
agus, 0.14 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8223).
One (U.S.N.M. No, 8224), collected March 31, 1913, from tomcod,
in a lot of 75 or more distomes, all of which, except this, belong to the
species P. ollsont. Dimensions in balsam: Length, 3.20 mm., breadth,
1.18 mm.; length of esophagus, 0.17 mm.; first testis, length, 0.18 mm.,
breadth, 0.30 mm.
Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8225), collected February 17, 1913, from
grubby.
Five, collected February 3, 1915, from grubby; 8 fishes examined.
Two of these are immature, length, 1.85 and 1.96 mm.; lengths of
others, mature, 2.94 to 3.29 mm. Length of one in balsam, 3.1 mm.;
breadth, 0.96 mm.; length of esophagus, U.24 mm.; first testis, length,
0.25 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8226), collected July 21, 1924, from common
gurnard. Yellowish, and minutely rugose before compression; cirrus
short, seminal vesicle enclosed in cirrus bulb; posterior end of seminal
vesicle at anterior border of ventral sucker. Measurements in balsam:
Length, 2.66 mm., breadth, 0.67 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.22
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.1 mm.; breadth, 0.13 mm.; ventral sucker,
length, 0.24 mm., breadth, 0.32 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.04 mm.,
of esophagus, 0.13 mm.; ova, 0.075 by 0.036 mm.
Distomes referred to this species were collected by Vinal N. Ed-
wards from the winter flounder on 19 dates in six different years in
the months of February, April, May, October, and December. The
infestation in all cases was light. Thus, the record shows that on 12
dates 131 fishes were examined and a total of 97 distomes found.
The highest average per host on any date was less than five, when 19
distomes were obtained from four fishes. On four dates the record
for each date was one distome, although on those dates 66 fishes were
examined. The smallest adult with ova measures, in balsam, 1.22
mm., in length, the largest, 5.18 mm. An average of six gave the
breadth, 0.95 mm., and breadth of first testis 0.31 mm. (U.S.N.M.
Nos. 8227, 8228.)
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 67
Six (U.S.N.M. No. 8229), collected May 4, 1914, from the tautog.
Largest, in formalin: Length, 5 mm.; breadth, 1.5 mm. In balsam,
largest, length, 3.92 mm.; breadth, 1.12 mm.; smallest, length, 2.8
mm., breadth, 1 mm. Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.82 mm.;
breadth, 1.06 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.21 mm., of ventral sucker,
0.389 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; length of
esophagus, 0.14 mm.; breadth of first testis, 0.14 mm.; ova, 0.075 by
0.039 mm. Average of six: Breadth, 0.95 mm; breadth of first testis,
0.32 mm. Vitellaria extend to ventral sucker, uninterrupted at level
of testes.
PODOCOTYLE OLSSONI Odhner
PLATE 1, Fiaures 8-12
Distomum simplex Rudolphi, LinTon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 525,
526, pl. 47, figs. 3-7, 1989; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 436, 468,
475, 485, figs. 351, 332, 1901.
Distomum vitellosum LINTON, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 464, 1901.
Podocotyle olssoni ODHNER, Trematoden des arktischen Gebietes, Fauna Arctica,
vol. 4, p. 827, 1905.—Manter, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 208, 209,
fig. 50, 1926.
The principal points in which this species differs from P. atomon
are its relatively shorter esophagus, the much longer cirrus pouch
and seminal vesicle, and the greater breadth of the testes as com-
pared with the breadth of the body. The vitellaria are usually inter-
rupted at the level of the testes in P. olssoni, while they are, as a rule,
continuous in P. atomon.
Thus, in P. olssoni the length of the esophagus seldom equals that
of the pharynx, the seminal vesicle may extend back of the ventral
sucker as much as halfway to the ovary, and the testes are relatively
much larger than they are in P. atomon.
An average of 13 of each species showed for P. atomon: Breadth
of body, 1 mm., of first testis, 0.31 mm.; for P. olssoni: Breadth of
body, 0.6 mm., of first testis, 0.3 mm. That is, for these specimens
the breadth of the tests was one-third the breadth of the body in
P. atomon, and one-half in P. olssond.
TABLE 16.—Comparison of average measurements in Podocotyle atomon and
P. olssoni
Breadth of
; Number of} Orel sucker | Pharynx in testis in
Species specimens in ventral ventral Beedil
sucker sucker of body
SOL OUTRO T Sear ae A aa eee A 1. 57 2.48 3. 30
TE NOUSSU TNE cine sone nes een Ae en eRe ae 6 1.85 3. 08 1. 54
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
P. olssoni has a tendency, especially if placed in fresh water or
weak formalin, to become turgid, in which case the neck is reflected,
often until it stands at right angles with the body. The ovary in
both species is lobed, usually somewhat pestlelike with three lobes at
the posterior end.
Distomes from a large number of Woods Hole fishes are here re-
corded. While showing much variation in shape and proportions,
and in minor details of structure they agree in essential particulars
with Odhner’s description of the species.
Hosts——Long-spined sculpin (Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus) ,
American sole (Achirus fasciatus), sand launce (Ammodytes ameri-
canus), American eel (Anguilla rostrata), lumpfish (Cyclopterus
lumpus), common codfish (Gadus morrhua), common eastern stickle-
back (Gladiunculus bispinosus), sea raven (Hemitripterus ameri-
canus), conger eel (Conger conger), tomcod (Microgadus tomcod), —
white perch (Morone americana), grubby (Acanthocottus aeneus),
American smelt (Osmerus mordax), saramer flounder (Paralichthys
dentatus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), codling (Urophycis
chuss), pollack (Pollachius virens), common gurnard (Merulinus
carolinus), pufter (Sphoeroides maculatus), goggler (Trachurops
crumenophthalma), garfish (Strongylura marina).
Record of collections—Collected by Vinal N. Edwards from the
sculpin on 17 dates in 6 different years in the months of February,
March, April, May, October, November, and December. (U.S.N.M.
No. 8230.) The largest number recorded on any date was 19, when
8 fishes were examined; lengths, in formalin from 1.4 to 6 mm.
The vitellaria in these distomes from the sculpin are, as a rule, inter-
rupted at the level of the testes. Two were noted in which the vitel-
laria were continuous. On a slide containing 10 distomes, 5 were
noted with vitelline follicles in front of the ventral sucker. Of some
30 other mounted specimens only 2 had the vitellaria as far forward
as the anterior border of the ventral sucker. In a small proportion
of the mounted specimens the testes are slightly lobed. Measure-
ments in balsam: Length, 4.88 mm., breadth, 0.77 mm.; oral sucker,
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm.,
breadth, 0.11 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.34 mm., breadth, 0.38
mm.; first testis, length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.; second testis,
length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; ova, 0.072 by 0.042 mm.
From American sole: One, immature, collected October 14, 1915.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.09 mm., breadth, 0.29 mm.; oral
sucker, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.045
mm., breadth, 0.03 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.18 mm.;
breadth of first testis, 0.14 mm.
From sand launce: Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8281), collected Octo-
ber 14, 1914. Length, in formalin, 4 mm. Twelve fish examined.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 69
Lengths in balsam, 3.08 and 1.96 mm. They agree with this species
in all essentials.
From American eel: One, collected September 2, 1903; length,
2.32 mm., breadth, 0.88 mm. One, collected August 16, 1912. One,
collected April 18, 1913; length in formalin, 4 mm.; measurements
in balsam: Length, 3.15 mm., breadth, 0.56 mm.; oral sucker, length,
0.16 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.14
mm.; ventral sucker, lateral view, length, 0.37 mm., breadth, 0.33
mm.; first testis, length, 0.35 mm., breadth, 0.36 mm.
From lumpfish: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8282), collected May 9,
1916, from fish that had been preserved in formalin: Length, 5.5
mm., breadth, 1.5 mm. Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.71 mm.,
breadth, 0.77 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.2 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.;
pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, length,
0.36 mm., breadth, 0.4 mm.; length of esophagus, 0.07 mm.; breadth of
first testis, 0.88 mm.; ova, 0.084 by 0.042 mm. All the lumpfish ex-
amined in 1924 and 1926 had been taken in May. Some had been put
at once in formalin, others were kept in aquaria. The dates given
are those on which the fish were examined:
Two, June 23, 1924; length, life, 4.5 mm.
Four, June 24, 1926. Three fishes, which had been preserved in
formalin examined; 2 distomes found in each of the two larger;
lengths in formalin, 2.5 to 4 mm.
One, July 6, 1926. Measurements, life: Length, 2.94 mm.; breadth,
0.77 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.16 mm.; pharynx,
length, 0.13 mm., breadth, 0.1 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.28 mm.,
breadth, 0.88 mm.; ova, 0.085 by 0.044 mm.
Three, July 8, 1926; slender, white, flaccid; length of largest, 9
mm.; breadth, 0.67 mm. In balsam these distomes are slender and
linear, the breadth of the body at the level of the testes being little
more than the breadth of a testis. In the largest of the three the
ova few and imperfect and confined to the metraterm. In the others
the ova are many and of normal size.
One, July 10, 1926; slender and, before compression, irregular in
outline: Length, 3.78 mm.; breadth, 0.63 mm.; breadth of oral sucker,
0.19 mm., of pharynx, 0.11 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.45 mm.; ova,
0.07 by 0.04 mm.
One, July 138, 1926, length, 3.45 mm.
An average of four of these distomes from the lumpfish gives the
diameter of the ventral sucker twice that of the oral sucker, and a
little less than three times that of the pharynx.
From common codfish: One, collected December 10, 1914; 25 fishes
examined; length in formalin, 5.5 mm.
Twelve (U.S.N.M. No. 8233), collected January 16, 1915; 80 fishes
examined; length in formalin, 2 to 7 mm.
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88
These distomes from the cod are elongated, slender, with promi-
nent ventral suckers. Average of four: Breadth, 0.49 mm.; breadth
of first testis, 0.81 mm.
From common eastern stickleback: This distome was collected from
the stickleback on 10 dates in 6 different years, in the months of
April, May, June, and July. On all but one date the collections were
made by Vinal N. Edwards. Distomes not numerous, 114 in all.
Over 200 fishes were examined. The largest number recorded for any
date is 25, when 40 fishes were examined. They range in length from
3 to 7mm. in formalin. Many of them are turgid, with conical necks
reflected dorsally at right angles to the body. In some cases the vitel-
laria are not interrupted at the level of the testes. Ventral sucker
approximately twice the diameter of the oral sucker, and three times
that of the pharynx. Measurements, life: Length, 3 mm., breadth,
0.42 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.15 mm., of pharynx, 0.09 mm., of
ventral sucker, 0.86 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8234.)
From the sea raven: Collected from this host by Vinal N. Edwards
on 9 dates in 6 different years, in the months of January, April,
May, October, and December. The record shows that 16 fishes were
examined, from which 198 distomes were obtained. The greatest
number recorded from one fish is 117, collected on May 15, 1916;
the smallest for any one date is one on December 24, 1912, when three
fishes were examined. A distome, one of a lot of 16 collected on April
26, 1915, is exceptional in that, in spite of its size (length, 9 mm.,
maximum diameter, 1.12 mm.) no ova are present. It would appear
that something had gone wrong with its egg-making mechanism.
In front of the ovary there is a great deal of granular material as-
sociated with the follicles of the vitellaria. Masses of this material
lie in front of the vitellaria, extending on the left side to the middle
of the ventral sucker, and on the right side to its anterior border.
(U.S.N.M. No. 8235.)
While most of these distomes from the sea raven maintain a
breadth that does not vary greatly, the point at which the greatest
breadth occurs varies. Thus, the greatest breadth in some is at the
level of the testes, in others behind the testes, and in yet others be-
tween the ovary and ventral sucker. There is great variation also
in the ratio of length to breadth. This is due to the fact that living
specimens, in which the breadth may be as great as half the length,
if placed in fresh water, or weak formalin, may become elongated,
slender, and cylindrical, often with neck reflected and ventral sucker
projecting. The cirrus is smooth, and when exserted is seen to have
a bulbous base. The vitellaria, in extended specimens, are interrupted
at the level of the testes; in contracted specimens they may be con-
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON aa
tinuous. Average of four in balsam: Testes in breadth, 2; oral
sucker in ventral sucker, 1.63; pharynx in ventral sucker, 3.
On July 11, 1927, five distomes were collected from a sea raven
measuring 20 cm. in length. These, mounted in balsam, are seen to
taper rather uniformly from about the level of the ovary to the
posterior end. In one the seminal receptacle is situated at the left
anterior border of the ovary; in the other it is greatly enlarged, the
ovary being compressed between it and the first testis. It measures
0.16 mm. in length and 0.23 mm. in breadth. In another the ovary
is crowded to the right side of the body by a mass of yolk, the yolk
reservoir being greatly distended. The greatly reduced seminal ves-
icle in this specimen lies along the left side of the yolk reservoir.
The latter is pyriform, length, 0.28 mm., greatest breadth, 0.17 mm.
The ovary, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm., is crowded into a
triangular space at the anterior left border of the first testis. In
three of these specimens the esophagus about equals the pharynx
in length, in the other it is a little longer than the pharynx.
Recorded from the conger eel: Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for
1899, p. 436, 1901.
Recorded from the tomcod: Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20,
p. 526, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 475, figs. 331, 332,
1901. Collected from this host on 116 dates in 13 different years; 21
dates in January, 10 in February, 2 in March, 36 in April, 6 in May,
2 in June, 4 in July, 1 in August, 5 in September, 12 in October, 5 in
November, and 12 in December (U.S.N.M. No. 8236). All collections
with the exception of those in July and August made by Vinal N.
Edwards. These distomes vary greatly in length and shape. Most
of those preserved in formalin vary in length from less than 1 to 6 or
7 mm., but slender, elongate forms occur that measure as much as 12
mm. Most of them are linear with prominent ventral suckers and
with vitellaria interrupted opposite the testes. It should be noted,
however, that living forms which are thickish, with closely appressed
testes and unbroken vitellaria, may change, under pressure of the
cover glass, to slender, elongate forms with vitellaria interrupted at
the level of the testes. Also, when placed in fresh water, they become
turgid, lengthened, and cylindrical, the acetabulum prominent and the
neck reflected dorsally. The same changes follow immersion in weak
formalin. Only one case was noted in which the ovary was not dis-
tinctly lobed; usually the ovary is 3-lobed at the posterior end, with
a single anterior lobe, like the handle of a pestle. The testes in a few
cases were slightly lobed. But one case was noted in which the body
wall formed a raised margin around the ventral sucker. The number
of fishes examined was not recorded in every instance. Following
is a summary of collections in which the number of fishes examined
was recorded :
72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
TABLE 17.—Record of specimens of Podocotyle olssoni collected from tomcod
Average
Fishes ex- | Distomes
Month amined foun eed
UTED ye ioe a tal Se 8 De Ne a GE PE wd See 327 1, 000 3. 06
SEAT Yeo ais ee ns CON tee es ar 2 aR tt en ee Meyrin 178 1, 760 10. 55
Winch speek Use eg a ob ry ee as i SOE pee I Pee Lae Slates 42 120 2. 85
VATED eel eae tse UN alae Shi AAR el age eae | es eA LAS le 541 2,411 4.45
IVT eye lst a i ym a feed ten cen oy Rete po ct ER EO OL PTR OE RORY we aves 96 115 1, 20
DUNS ARES Pek MAR re ea as AN ee CR eRe Bier ESN 5 57 11. 42
BURL pS Se ey als hg 5 ek sna eee Nall Re A ber CA 2 12 15 1, 25
PATIOS Gee ge = eas Ee Tee ee eee Sots eee ae Eee ene 13 1 - 08
September seers 2 leh ayaa SAS aN fe) eR old eer e oho 17 35 2. 06
Oeto Dor eee ao a gy SE aah EN RS Mes pare el oy SN ep 93 145 1. 55
November-_.--_-_-- neem Nee LIS tLe re CEN Sete ee 1 eS ee ORE SO 40 59 1.47
Deceinbers 5 Sis FB eee FLOR eke) Sy tet Seen Es eit ce, 136 151 | 4.78
Measurements of one in balsam: Length, 4.66 mm., breadth,
0.7 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.2 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; pharynx,
length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.13 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.34 mm.,
breadth, 0.39 mm.; length of esophagus, 0.08 mm.; breadth of testis,
0.42 mm.; ova, 0.072 by 0.08389 mm. Measurements in formalin:
Length, 6.15 mm., breadth, 0.65 mm.; diameter of oral sucker,
0.25 mm., of pharynx, 0.1 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.4 mm.; ova, 0.084
by 0.056 mm.
From the white perch: As in distomes from other hosts there is
here a considerable variation in size and in details of structure. The
smallest, in balsam, is 1 mm. in length and 0.11 mm. in diameter; the
largest, 4.9 mm. in length and 0.56 mm. in breadth. The esophagus
is as long as the pharynx. In many cases the vitellaria are not inter-
rupted at the level of the testes. In some the vitellaria are inter-
rupted on one side and not on the other. Cirrus smooth with basal
bulb. Breadth of testis one-half or more the breadth of the body.
One, collected August 8, 1906. Fifteen, collected July 20, 1910.
Collected by Vinal N. Edwards on six dates in four years, in April,
May, and October, one to six on each date; 16 in all; lengths 2 to 4
mm. in formalin. (U.S.N.M. No. 8287.)
From the grubby: Collected from this host by Vinal N. Edwards
on three dates: Three, December 23, 1905; length, 5.5 mm. in for-
malin. Two, April 14, 1910; 10 fishes examined; length, 3.5 mm. in
formalin. Thirteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8238), February 3, 1915; 8 fishes
examined, The smallest specimens, about 2 mm. in length and
0.5 mm. in breadth, are immature. Others with ova from 2.8 to 4.13
mm. in length. Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.71 mm., breadth,
0.66 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; pharynx,
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.18 mm.,
breadth, 0.22 mm.; breadth of first testis, 0.35 mm.; ova, 0.075 by
0.045 mm.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 73
From the American smelt: Collected by Vinal N. Edwards on two
dates: Five, January 25, 1910. Thirty-six (U.S.N.M. No. 8239),
June 20, 1914. In formalin, length of body, 5.8 mm., of neck, 0.7 mm.;
diameter of body, 0.6 mm. Elongated, in most cases arcuate; necks
short, arcuate, some reflected dorsally. Measurements, balsam:
Length, 4.41 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; oral sucker, 0.14 mm., breadth,
0.15 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.13 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; ventral
sucker, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.29 mm.; ova, 0.08 by 0.04 mm.
From the summer flounder: Collected by Vinal N. Edwards on two
dates: Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8240), September 20, 1915. Measure-
ments in balsam: Length, 4.06 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.; oral sucker,
length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 mm.,
breadth, 0.1 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.25 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.;
first testis, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.2 mm.; ova, 0.075 by 0.045 mm.
Lateral view: Seventeen, October 3, 1915, 3 mm. to 6 mm. in length;
slender, turgid.
From the yellow perch: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8241), collected April
23, 1914; length in formalin, 7 mm. Measurements in balsam:
Length, 6.16 mm., breadth, 0.59 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.21 mm.,
breadth, 0.12 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.;
ventral sucker, length, 0.31 mm., breadth, 0.33 mm.; length of esopha-
gus, 0.15 mm.; first testis, length, 0.49 mm., breadth, 0.5 mm.; ova,
0.078 by 0.042 mm. There is a distinct seminal receptacle dorsal to
the ovary and extending forward dorsal to the yolk reservoir.
From the codling: One, collected November 17, 1913; 30 fishes
examined; length, 4.5 mm. im formalin. One (U.S.N.M. No. 8242),
collected May 28, 1914; 10 fishes examined; length, 2.5 mm. in for-
malin. One, small, collected by Dr. G. A. MacCallum, August 20,
1915. Measurements, balsam: Length, 1.85 mm., breadth, 0.56 mm.;
oral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.17 mm.; pharynx, length,
0.07 mm., breadth, 0.1 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.28 mm., breadth,
0.88 mm.; breadth of first testis, 0.31 mm.; ova, 0.072 by 0.036 mm.
From the pollack: Twenty-four, collected August 19, 1908. Four
(U.S.N.M. No. 8243), collected April 20, 1914. One, collected April
8, 1915. One, collected August 30, 1920. Length in balsam, 1.72 mm.
to 4 mm. Measurements of one in balsam: Length, 1.92 mm.,
breadth, 0.53 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.13 mm.;
pharynx, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length,
0.25 mm., breadth, 0.8 mm.; length of esophagus, 0.11 mm.; ova,
0.072 by 0.036 mm. A prepharynx could be distinguished in a few
specimens which had been flattened.
From the common gurnard: Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8244), collected
April 16, 1915; lengths in formalin, 2 mm. and 3.5 mm. Measure-
ments in balsam: Length, 2.32 mm., breadth, 0.77 mm.; oral sucker,
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.1 mm.,
breadth, 0.11 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.31 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm. ;
length of esophagus, 0.07 mm.; ova, 0.08 by 0.04 mm.
From the puffer: Recorded by Linton (Distomum vitellosum),
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 464, 1901. One, partly macer-
ated, collected August 2, 1907. One, small, collected August 10, 1907.
Three, collected June 8, 1914; largest, in formalin, 4.5 mm. One, col-
lected June 8, 1916. These specimens in balsam are somewhat shriv-
eled, but are in sufficiently good condition to identify. The ovary is
lobed and: pestle-shaped, and the vitellaria are interrupted opposite
the testes.
From the goggler: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8245), collected September
13, 1915; length, in formalin, 5 mm. Measurements in balsam:
Length, 4.76 mm., breadth, 0.56 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.2
mm., of pharynx, 0.11 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.35 mm., of first
testis, 0.85 mm.; ova, 0.078 by 0.045 mm. Cirrus exserted, smooth,
length, 0.23 mm.; diameter at tip, 0.04 mm., at base, 0.06 mm.; ovary
trilobed; vitellaria interrupted at level of testes.
From the garfish (Strongylura marina) : Two, collected October 9,
1915; length in formalin, 3.82 mm. One, collected July 12, 1926.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.15 mm., breadth, 0.52 mm.;
breadth of oral sucker, 0.17 mm., of pharynx, 0.13 mm., of ventral
sucker, 0.27 mm.; ova, 0.08 by 0.045 mm.
PODOCOTYLE species
PLATE 22, FIGURE 288
Body slender, greatest breadth at about level of ventral sucker;
diameter of ventral sucker about twice that of oral sucker; diameter
of pharynx about half that of oral sucker; prepharynx short;
esophagus as long as or longer than pharynx; intestines extend nearly
to posterior end. Genital pore in front of ventral sucker, a little
to right of median line; cirrus pouch extends back of ventral sucker,
on the left side; seminal vesicle at base of cirrus pouch; testes rela-
tively large, the first rounded and slightly lobed, the second some-
what rhomboidal; ovary in front of first testis, short pestle-shaped,
the posterior end 3-lobed; seminal receptacle on right side of ovary;
shell gland in front of ovary; uterus between shell gland and ventral
sucker; no ova in uterus; one ovum noted in shell gland, about 0.024
by 0.015 mm., probably not to be regarded as a fully formed egg;
vitellaria extend from about the level of the posterior edge of the
ventral sucker to the posterior end, interrupted at level of testes, but
follicles lying between the testes and between the first testis and
ovary.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 75
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.56 mm.; breadth, anterior, 0.09
mm.; at level of ventral sucker, 0.4 mm., at level of ovary, 0.21 mm.,
at level of second testis, 0.17 mm., near posterior end, 0.11 mm.; oral
sucker, length, 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.05
mm., breadth, 0.04 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth,
0.15 mm.; first testis, length, 0.15 mm., breadth, 0.12 mm.; second
testis, length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker to ovary,
0.24 mm.; second testis to posterior end, 0.26 mm.
Host.—Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha).
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8246), found on slide with specimens of
Genarches infirmus, from young salmon, Sacramento Basin, Calif.,
May 1900.
Genus CYMBEPHALLUS Linton, 1934
The genus Cymbephallus differs from Podocotyle in having a
muscular sucker at the opening of the ejaculatory duct and a raised
border surrounding the ventral sucker, this border being more or less
scalloped, papillate, or fimbriate.
CYMBEPHALLUS VITELLOSUS (Linton)
PLATE 2, F1guRES 18-20
Distomum vitellosum Linton, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 290, figs. 38,
39, 1900 ; ibid., p. 416 (page references to hosts in Woods Hole, Mass., region),
figs. 333-340, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, p. 385 (page references
to hosts in Beaufort, N. C., region), figs. 176-178, 1905; Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 33, p. 105, figs. 68, 64 (notes on parasites of Bermuda fishes),
1907.—SUMNER, OSBURN, and Cotr, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 584 (list
of hosts in Woods Hole region), 1911.
Cymbephallus vitellosus (LINTON), Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 24, p. 81,
1954.
Body smooth, of various shapes, often in living specimens with
breadth one-third the length; under pressure, or when placed in
fresh water, they tend to become turgid and may elongate until the
length is six or more times the breadth; frequently tapering to a
blunt point posteriorly; neck tapering, short-conical, often reflected
dorsally in turgid specimens. Ventral sucker larger than oral,
average ratio about 8:5, surrounded by a raised border, which may
appear to be sinuous, or may be seen to bear four or five lobes on
the posterior border and about four on the anterior border, often
inconspicuous in mounted material. In turgid specimens the ventral
sucker may be more or less prominent, or even pedicellate. Pharynx
usually a little longer than broad, and a little less than the oral sucker,
average ratio about 4:5. Prepharynx very short or none; esophagus
as long as or longer than pharynx. ‘The intestines reach nearly to the
posterior end, usually hidden by the dense vitellaria. Genital pores
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
in front of ventral sucker, to the left of the midline, the male aperture
surrounded by a strong, muscular, suckerlike structure. The ejacula-
tory duct passes dorsal to the ventral sucker, and the seminal vesicle
may extend for one-third or more of the distance between the ventral
sucker and ovary. Testes, two, one following the other, and touch-
ing, or separated by a short interval filled with follicles of the
vitellaria, usually rounded, circular or oval, or occasionally sub-
triangular in outline. Ovary at or near anterior border of first
testis, not lobed, circular to elliptical in outline. Vitelline reservoir
and shell gland in front of ovary; seminal receptacle not seen, prob-
ably represented by early folds of uterus. Uterus between ovary and
ventral sucker; the metraterm lies beside the ejaculatory duct, dorsal
to the ventral sucker, and opens at the anterior border of the genital
sucker in which the ejaculatory duct opens. Vitellaria diffuse and
continuous from the posterior end to the posterior border of the
ventral sucker, or near it. The excretory vessel extends from the
posterior end to the ovary; ova about 0.05 by 0.03 mm. The average
dimensions of 24 ova, of distomes from 16 species of fishes, mostly
balsam mounts, were 0.053 by 0.029 mm.; maximum 0.063 by 0.033
mm., minimum 0.045 by 0.027 mm. Twenty-one of these distomes,
mounted in balsam, from 13 species of fishes, had an average length
of 1.88 mm., and an average breadth of 0.37 mm.; maximum length,
3.38 mm., minimum, 0.94 mm. A living specimen slightly com-
pressed, measured 1.57 mm. in length and 0.85 mm. in breadth;
another, turgid, length, 2.1 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.
Hosts—Common shad (Alosa sapidissima), sand launce (Am-
modytes americanus), common herring (Clupea harengus), sque-
teague (Cynoscion regalis), mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus),
pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), conger eel (Conger conger), rusty
dab (Limanda ferruginea), spot (Leiostomus wanthurus), window-
pane (Lophopsetia maculata), kingfish (Menticirrhus sasxatilis), sil-
ver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), goatfish (Mullus auratus), toadfish
(Opsanus tau), rudderfish (Palinurichthys perciformis), summer
flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), four-spotted flounder (P. ob-
longus), spotted codling (Urophycis regius), codling (U. tenuis),
bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), alewife (Pomolobus pseudoharen-
gus), dollarfish (Poronotus triacanthus),common gurnard (Merulinus
carolinus), winter flounder (Pseudoplewronectes americanus) , bonito
(Sarda sarda), common mackerel (Scomber scombrus), common pipe-
fish (Syrictes fuscus), puffer (Sphoeroides maculatus), southern
porgy (Stenotomus chrysops), tautog (Tautoga onitis), cunner (7 au-
togolabrus adspersus), round pampano (T'rachinotus falcatus), gog-
gler (Trachurops crumenophthalma).
TREMATODES FROM FISHES——-LINTON Ff
Record of collections—From shad: One, collected July 18, 1910.
Measurements, life: Length, 1.75 mm., breadth, 0.52 mm.; diameter of
oral sucker, 0.14 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.09 mm. ;
ventral sucker, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 0.26 mm.; ova, 0.058 by
0.034 mm. One, collected July 5, 1923, by Dr. G. A. MacCallum.
From sand launce: Three, collected July 5, 1912; small, turgid, with
prominent ventral suckers. Measurements, life, compressed: Length,
2.1 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.14 mm., of phar-
ynx, 0.14 mm., of central sucker, 0.22 mm.; ova, 0.045 by 0.027 mm.
Recorded from common herring: Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899,
p. 437, 1901.
Recorded from squeteague: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p.
460, 1901.
Recorded from mackerel scad: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899,
p. 449, 1901. Nine (U.S.N.M. No. 8247), collected September and
October, 1913; length, in balsam, 2.52 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.
From pinfish: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8248) collected June 4, 1914;
length, 3.6 mm., breadth, 0.67, in formalin.
Recorded from conger eel: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 436,
1901. One, collected July 22, 1904; length, 2.5 mm., breadth, 0.65
mm., in fresh water, turgid.
Recorded from rusty dab: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 485,
1901. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.12 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.;
oral sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.1 mm.; Pharynx, length, 0.1
mm., breadth, 0.09 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth,
0.17 mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.036 mm.
From spot: Collected by Vinal N. Edwards on five dates in Sep-
tember, nine in October, and two in November, 1912, 19138, and 1914;
225 fishes were examined and 59 distomes found. The greatest num-
ber secured on any date was ten, when 42 fishes were examined.
Length, 2 to 3.5 mm. in formalin. Twenty-five or more distomes
from this lot are mounted in balsam. Measurements of a typical
form: Length, 2.14 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.18
mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.11
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.19 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ova, 0.051
by 0.027 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8249).
From windowpane: Four, collected July 27, 1904; small, turgid,
with prominent ventral suckers. Numerous (U.S.N.M. No. 8250),
collected August 8 and 11, 1905; small, about 0.9 mm. in length; very
various shapes; some short and broad, some flattened, others cylin-
drical; some with sessile, others with pedicelled ventral suckers; some
with distinct papillate border surrounding the ventral sucker, in
others papillae indistinct. Same variations in balsam mounts as
noted in fresh material. Nine, collected July 18, 1923, found by Dr.
78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88
MacCallum on gills. They had evidently come from the stomach.
Two, collected July 6, 1925, found adhering to an echinorhynchus,
not noticed until after it had been in fresh water; turgid, with prom-
inent ventral sucker and reflected neck. Measurements of distomes
from this host agree with those from other hosts. Measurements of
one in balsam: Length, 1.08 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; oral sucker,
length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.1 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 mm.,
breadth, 0.07 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.2 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.;
ova, 0.051 by 0.083 mm.
From kingfish: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 462, 1901.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8251), collected September 3, 1908. Measure-
ments, balsam: Length, 1.86 mm.; breadth, 0.88 mm.; oral sucker,
length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.12 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm.,
breadth, 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.18
mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.03 mm. Two, collected September 23, 1918;
length, in balsam, 1.5 mm.
From silver hake: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 282, 290,
figs. 88, 39, 1900, p. 474, fig. 335, 1901. Three, collected August 29,
1903; small, one with ova. Three, collected August 15, 1907. Six
(U.S.N.M. No. 8252), collected August 18, 1928; 1 to 1.75 mm. in
length, in balsam. Two, collected August 16, 1928; length, 2 mm.;
breadth, 0.46 mm., life.
From goatfish: Five, collected September 2, 1908, from an 8-cm.
fish, seined in Great Harbor; lengths, 1.19 to 1.4 mm. in balsam;
papillary fringe around ventral sucker distinct. Six, collected Au-
gust 24, 1918, from an 11-cm. fish. Lengths in balsam, 1.4 to 3.12
mm. In one of the larger specimens it was noted that there was much
variation in the size of the ova in the vicinity of the shell gland.
Thus, while most of the ova in the specimen were of the usual size,
a maximum of about 0.054 by 0.042 mm., the following variants
were noted: 0.048 by 0.033; 0.045 by 0.033; 0.039 by 0.034; 0.083 by
0.024; 0.03 by 0.021; 0.033 by 0.018; 0.021 by 0.009 mm. Two
(U.S.N.M. No. 8253), collected September 4, 1918, from a 12-cm. fish:
slender; one, length, 2.59 mm., breadth, 0.4 mm.; the other, length, 4.41
mm., breadth, 0.86 mm.; ova, 0.048 by 0.027 mm.
From toadfish: One, collected September 9, 1913.
From rudderfish: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8254), collected August 19,
1929; measurements in balsam, lateral view: Length, 2.38 mm.,
breadth, 0.42 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.17 mm.;
pharynx, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; ventral sucker, length,
0.27 mm., breadth, 0.24 mm.; ova, 0.51 by 0.57 mm.
From summer flounder: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 482,
fig. 336, 1901. One, collected October 19, 1903. One, collected
August 9, 1904; taper-pointed posteriorly, length, 1.45 mm. One,
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 79
collected August 15, 1906; measurements, life: Length, 1.54 mm.;
breadth 0.63 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.15 mm., of pharynx, 0.15
mm., of ventral sucker, 0.27 mm.; ova, 0.037 by 0.023 mm. Short
papillae were noted behind the posterior edge of the ventral sucker.
From four-spotted flounder: One, collected August 4, 1905.
From spotted codling: Seven, collected October 19, 1908; 1.5 to
3.5 mm. in formalin. Eleven, collected October 23, 1913. Ten
(U.S.N.M. No. 8255), collected November 12, 1915. Dimensions in
balsam: Length 1.26 mm., breadth 0.82 mm.; oral sucker, length 0.09
min., breadth 0.1 mm.; pharynx, length 0.08 mm., breadth 0.08 mm.;
ventral sucker, length 0.15 mm., breadth 0.16 mm.; ova 0.54 by
0.27 mm.
From codling: Six, collected August 4, 1911; 8 fishes examined.
Dimensions in balsam: Length 1.93 mm., breadth 0.56 mm.; oral
sucker, length 0.11 mm., breadth 0.1 mm.; pharynx, length 0.1 mm.,
breadth 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length 0.21 mm., breadth 0.18
mm.; ova 0.048 by 0.027 mm. One (U.S.N.M. No. 8256), collected
November 3, 1913; length in formalin 2.25 mm.; 4 fishes examined.
One, collected July 30, 1929; length in balsam 1.68 mm.; 3 fishes
(15-20 cm.) examined.
From bluefish: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 451, figs.
337-339, 1901. A few, collected July 15, 1904. One, collected Au-
gust 11, 1904, from intestine. One (U.S.N.M. No. 8257), collected
July 1, 1910. Dimensions in balsam, lateral view: Length 3.38
mm., breadth 0.56 mm.; oral sucker, length 0.2 mm., breadth 0.15
mm.; pharynx, length 0.17 mm., breadth 0.12 mm.; ventral sucker,
length 0.29 mm., breadth 0.81 mm.; ova 0.048 by 0.024 mm.; ventral
sucker pedicillate, with 5 digitate lobes at its posterior border; ovary
ellipitical; testes triangular in outline. One, collected August 27,
1910. A few, collected July 17, 1911; one of these in balsam shows
distinct lobes on anterior border of ventral sucker and less distinct
lobes on posterior border. In specimens flattened, and viewed either
from the dorsal or the ventral side, these lobes are difficult to dis-
tinguish.
From alewife: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 439, 1901. One,
collected July 26, 1910; length, 1.6 mm.; breadth, 0.53 mm., life,
compressed. One, collected August 17, 1910; length, 1.85 mm.
Eleven, collected October 19, 1914. In one specimen, mounted in
balsam, lateral view, blunt papillae around the ventral sucker are
plainly shown; in the others, ventral view, they are not visible.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.46 mm., breadth, 0.43 mm.; oral
sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.10 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08
mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth,
0.14 mm.; length of esophagus, 0.11 mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.027 mm.
80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88
From dollarfish: 20 (U.S.N.M. No. 8258), collected July 18, 1923;
small, slender distomes, tapering anteriorly and posteriorly, with
four short papillae on both anterior and posterior borders of the
ventral sucker; length, free in sea water, 1.5 mm.; diameter, lateral
view, maximum, 0.11 mm., near posterior end, 0.07 mm.; diameter of
oral sucker, 0.09 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.15 mm.; ova, 0.042 by 0.024
mm. The testes vary from subtriangular to oval-elliptical in outline.
Measurements in balsam (lateral view) : Length, 1.54 mm., breadth,
0.18 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; pharynx,
length, 0.1 mm., breadth, 0.06; ventral sucker, length, 0.17 mm.,
breadth, 0.18 mm.; ova, 0.048 by 0.024 mm.
TABLE 18.—Measurements of the testes in five specimens of
Cymbephallus vitellosus
1 2 3 4 5
TEN SS a
Length] Breadth | Length] Breadth | Length} Breadth | Length} Breadth | Length] Breadth
Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Min. Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Min.
Eins tae 0. 08 0. 08 0. 07 0.13 0. 10 0.13 0.14 0.07 0. 14 0.11
Second __- .13 . 08 . 08 .13 213 .10 ala .07 15 -13
From common gurnard: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8259), collected
August 28, 1907. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.54 mm.,
breadth, 0.31 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.;
pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length,
0.21 mm., breadth, 0.18 mm.; ova, 0.05 by 0.03; length of esophagus,
0.18 mm. About four short papillae on anterior border of ventral
sucker.
From winter flounder: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 486,
fie. 840, 1901.
From bonito: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 446, 1901. One,
collected July 25, 1904.
From common mackerel: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 445,
1901. Two, collected July 20, 1918; from stomach of a mackerel
about 25 cm. in length. Slender, tapering from level of testes to each
end; esophagus a little longer than pharynx; characteristic lobes
around ventral sucker well shown in one. Measurements in balsam:
Length, 1.54 mm.; breadth, 0.4 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.13 mm.,
breadth, 0.18 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.1 mm.; ven-
tral sucker, length, 0.24 mm., breadth, 0.24 mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.03.
Certain small distomes, most of them less than 1 mm. in length,
but containing ova, from young mackerel, 18 to 27 mm. in length,
collected in July and August, 1918, 1919, and agreeing closely with
this species, are here recorded. Measurements in balsam: Length,
1.34 mm., breadth, 0.46 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth,
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON Sl
0.17 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; ventral
sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; ova, 0.045 by 0.024 mm.
From common pipefish: Ten, collected July 29, 1913; three fish
examined; collected by Dr. G. A. MacCallum. One (U.S.N.M. No.
8260), collected June 13, 1914. Measurements in balsam: Length,
2.10 mm., breadth, 0.88 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.18 mm., of ven-
tral sucker, 0.25 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.13 mm., breadth, 0.10 mm.;
ova, 0.054 by 0.027 mm. Posterior end bluntly rounded; the seminal
vesicle extends nearly half-way from ventral sucker to ovary.
From puffer: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 464, 1901. One,
collected August 16, 1906. Length in balsam, 1.4 mm.; breadth, 0.49
mm. Three small distomes (U.S.N.M. No. 8261), collected August
21, 1918, from a 20 mm. fish. Length, life, 0.70 mm. (Fig. 20). Meas-
urements in balsam: Length, 0.52 mm.; breadth, 0.31 mm.; oral
sucker, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.09
mm., breadth, 0.09 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.18
mim.; ova, 0.042 by 0.0221 mm. Resemble small distomes from mack-
erel; elliptical, strongly contracted; anatomy much obscured by vitel-
laria, which extend from posterior end to middle of ventral sucker;
muscular genital pore at left of pharynx. These distomes resemble
Distomum sp., from Opsanus taw (Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1899,
p. 469, fig. 328, 1901).
From southern porgy: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 458,
figs. 333, 334, 1901. One, collected August 1, 1904. One, collected
August 22, 1910. Ventral sucker prominent, with characteristic
undulate or papillate border; genital sucker seen distinctly, with
metraterm opening in front of it.
From tautog: One, collected August 12, 1904; under slight pres-
sure, length, 1 mm.; breadth, 0.45 mm.; after killing over flame, under
pressure, length, 1.54 mm., breadth, 0.41 mm.
A few, collected August 15, 1908; three mounted in balsam. These
taper to a blunt point posteriorly. Measurements, lateral view:
Length, 1.26 mm., breadth, 0.20 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.10
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.05 mm.; ventral sucker,
length, 0.16 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.030 mm. Nine,
collected July 5, 1910; variety of shapes. It was noted that two of
these distomes differed from the others in having subtriangular testes,
the juxtaposed edges of which were diagonal instead of horizontal.
The posttesticular region of one was short and bluntly rounded, the
other tapered to a blunt point. Length of one, 1.26 mm.; breadth,
0.49 mm.; the other, length, 1.05 mm., breadth, 0.31 mm. The others
in this lot measured from 1.12 to 2.66 mm. in length. Two, collected
August 2, 1911; before flattening one of these was elongated and fili-
155599406
82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
form, the other rather slender and pointed posteriorly, each with
characteristic ventral sucker. Seventeen (U.S.N.M. No. 8262), col-
lected October 23, 1913; length, 1.5 mm., to 2.75 mm. in formalin.
One, collected May 4, 1914; length, 3 mm. Fifteen, collected October
10, 1916; longest about 2.5 mm. in formalin.
Tape 19.—Measurements of three distomes of Cymbephallus vitellosus from
the tautog, showing diversity of proportions
Measurement 1 2 3
Mm. Mim. Mm.
(pa Vig AD te elec as A Go te ee haste) pe ate cyt ea 0. 87 1.15 2. 87
Dismoetenat anterior end? - 2: ee ee ee eee .07 sit .18
Diameter stun GG) os sees ee ae ee ee ene aye 43 - 56
Diameter near POStenOL ONG sansa nee eee ee eee eae - 08 34 .30
From cunner: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 462, 1901. Three,
collected August 15, 1905, small. One, collected August 22, 1905,
length, 1.23 mm. in balsam. Seven (U.S.N.M. No. 8263), collected
July 17, 1919; length, 1.5 mm. to 2.8 mm. in balsam. The vitellaria
in the distomes of this lot are less dense than usual for this species,
and the intestines could be traced to the posterior end. The metra-
term could be seen opening in front of the genital sucker. Measure-
ments in balsam: Length, 2.80 mm., breadth, 0.52 mm.; oral sucker,
length, 0.16 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.15 mm.,
breadth, 0.12 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.25
mm.; ova, 0.048 by 0.027 mm.
From round pampano: Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8264), collected Sep-
tember 2, 1903, from a 20-mm. fish. Small, less than 1 mm. in length,
strongly contracted; average length, 0.92 mm., breadth, 0.44 mm. ;
vitellaria to middle of ventral sucker; prominent border around ven-
tral sucker. Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.91 mm., breadth,
0.50 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.13 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; pharynx,
length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.17 mm.,
breadth, 0.24 mm.; ova, 0.048 by 0.030 mm.
From goggler: Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8265), collected August 29,
1913; length, 3.88 mm., breadth, 0.30 mm., life. Measurements in
balsam: Length, 2.66 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; diameter oral sucker,
0.15 mm., of pharynx, 0.10 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.18 mm.; ova, 0.054
by 0.027 mm. One, collected September 17, 1914; length, 2.17 mm. in
formalin. Metraterm seen opening about on level of posterior end
of pharynx and in front of the genital sucker; seminal vesicle to
about one third the distance from ventral sucker to ovary; papillae
around ventral sucker.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 83
CYMBEPHALLUS FIMBRIATUS Linton
PLATE 2, FIGURES 13-17
Distomum vitellosum Linton, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 426, 1901;
Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 24, pp. 388, 390, figs. 176-178, 1905.
Cymbephallus fimbriatus Linton, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 24, p. 82,
1934.
Body elongate, not varying much in diameter; neck short, more
or less conical; ventral sucker larger than oral, prominent, some-
times pedicelled, surrounded by a raised border, with many short
papillae; pharynx longer than broad; esophagus longer than phar-
ynx; intestines extend to posterior end; genital pore in front of ven-
tral sucker, to left of median line, the opening of the ejaculatory
duct a muscular genital sucker; opening of metraterm, with
sphincter, on a blunt papilla at anterior border of genital sucker;
seminal vesicle elongate, curved, extending to from one third to
more than one half the distance between the ventral sucker and
the ovary; testes two, one following the other, with but a short in-
terval between, in some cases lobed. Ovary at or near interior
border of first testis, usually not lobed, although a tendency toward
a lobed condition was observed in a few cases; shell-gland at an-
terior border of ovary. No seminal receptacle seen; in one speci-
men sperm was seen in front of the shell gland, where it appeared
to be lying in the early folds of the uterus. Vitelline reservoir at
the dorsal, anterior border of the ovary; vitellaria diffuse, filling the
body back of the testes, and along the margins, not usually inter-
rupted opposite the testes, and extending to a point about half-way
between the ovary and ventral sucker; uterus between ovary and
ventral sucker; ova about 0.06 by 0.03, in balsam.
TABLE 20.—Measurements of five specimens of Cymbephallus fimbriatus
in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4 5
Mm Mm. | Mm Mm Mm.
Bengthe ar acs shite ati, ye cee Sie Ua A ae eene! wrk se he De 3. 78 3.92 4.34 4. 62 3.70
Maximurmibread thipe oct) ie suis aa ew ee Baal ee De | . 53 67 49 56 . 56
Oralisucker}Nength vt 55a) Ae) ST 20 . 26 -17 . 26 -19
Oralisnckersbreadthiy ioe 2.2 4s Le Ete a Se 25 .22 .14 sre 15
IPRanyn xX; long thes eee ee St eae kaa 2 ebay oe Cae .14 -15 13 ~15 .14
Pharynx breadth 402. 5) ILO G 00) Pi es ee .07 . 08 . 08 . 09 -07
Wentral sucker lengthssars 24a ste) bo A CN, oi 28 32 e21 35 28
‘Vientral'sucker, bread. tim yi aetiegs ya ee Bah) es a 28 32 . 28 35 28
Ova, 0.06 by 0.03.
This species differs from C. vitellosus in its larger size, and in
having longer and more numerous papillae around the ventral sucker,
in the more or less lobed testes, and the larger ova, and in the rela-
tively longer seminal vesicle. Also, while C. vitellosus in many
84. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
instances tends to taper from the middle toward the posterior end,
C. fimbriatus as a rule maintains a uniform breadth back of the
ventral sucker and is bluntly rounded at the posterior end. There
are, however, many contraction shapes in both species, so that it is
difficult to fit descriptions to them.
The ova are rather thin-shelled, and are much collapsed in all the
balsam mounts. In six distomes, averaging 3.49 mm. in length, the
average distance of the posterior end of the seminal vesicle from
the ventral sucker was 0.78 mm. and from the ovary 0.074 mm.
Host—Kingfish (Menticirrhus sawxatilis).
Record of collections—One (U.S.N.M. No. 8266), collected Sep-
tember 11, 1907. Measurements, life: Length, 1.28 mm.; breadth,
0.60 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.12 mm., of pharynx, 0.07 mm.,
of ventral sucker, 0.028 mm.; ova, 0.061 by 0.034 mm.
One, collected September 8, 1909; length, 4 mm.
Three, collected June 29, 1910; one, collected July 7, 1910; seven,
collected July 27, 1910. When first examined these distomes had
been lying in sea water for several hours. They were, with one
exception, turgid, longest 7 mm. One, still active, was yellowish
green by transmitted light, crossed by fine, transverse wrinkles;
length, 1.9 mm., breadth, 0.70 mm. After flattening under cover-
glass, length, 3.7 mm.; breadth, 0.84 mm.
Two, collected August 10, 1910. One, collected October 31, 1912;
turgid, neck reflected at right angles to body; length, 3.5 mm. in
formalin. Two, collected September 23, 1914; length, 2.5 mm. and
3mm. Three, collected July 21, 1926, macerated.
Genus LEPOCREADIUM Stossich, 1906
LEPOCREADIUM PYRIFORME (Linton)
Piate 5, Ficures 47-49
Distomum pyriforme Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 292, 293,
figs. 52-59, 1900 (from Pelinurichthys perciformis) ; ibid., pp. 4538, 458, fig.
346 (Distomum sp.), 1901.
To this species are referred certain small distomes which, although
differing in many details of structure, resemble each other sufficiently
to warrant their inclusion in the same specific grouping when allow-
ance is made for such differences as may be accounted for by varying
conditions of contraction and age. In general they are small, spinose
distomes, with suckers about the same size, pharynx small, pre-
pharynx and esophagus present; genital pore in front of ventral
sucker to left of median line; prostate and first seminal vesicle en-
closed in cirrus pouch; a second seminal vesicle connected with the
cirrus pouch by a short vas deferens, often masked by the ova;
testes, one following the other; ovary in front of first testis, not
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 85
lobed. The diffuse vitellaria extend to, and often in front of the
ventral sucker.
Hosts—Sand launce (Ammodytes americanus), squeteague
(Cynoscion regalis), kingfish (Menticitrrhus sawxatilis), rudderfish
(Palinurichthys perciformis), harvestfish (Peprilus paru), bluefish
(Pomatomus saltatrix), dollarfish (Poronotus triacanthus), southern
porgy (Stenotomus chrysops), cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus).
Record of collections——From sand launce: Two, collected July 5,
1912. Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.91 mm., breadth, 0.29
mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.07 mm., of pharynx, 0.04 mm., of
ventral sucker, 0.05 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.02 mm., of esoph-
agus, 0.03 mm.; ova, 0.060 by 0.036 mm. In one of these the oral
sucker was retracted. Metraterm with relatively thick walls; gen-
ital pore at anterior border of ventral sucker nearly median; glob-
ular concentric bodies in excretory vessels; vitellaria from posterior
end along margins to a level halfway between ventral sucker and
pharynx. Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8267), collected November 1, 1913.
Thirty fishes examined. Length in balsam, 2.24 mm.; breadth, 0.66
mm. Seven, collected October 20, 1914. One hundred fishes
examined.
From squeteague: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 460, 1901.
From kingfish: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 462, 1901.
From rudderfish: Distomes from this host were first described
under the name Distomum pyriforme, see above. Fifteen, collected
August 18, 1903; three fishes examined; largest specimens, life,
length 1.12 mm., smallest 0.24 mm. Forty (U.S.N.M. No. 8268),
collected August 7, 1928. Small, densely and finely spinose, spines,
more or less evanescent. Ovate to elliptical-oblong; suckers nearly
equal; prepharynx and esophagus each as long or longer than
pharynx; intestines reach nearly to posterior end; genital pore in
front of ventral sucker, a little to left of median line; cirrus-bulb
dorsal to ventral sucker, its posterior end, enclosing a seminal vesicle,
extending back of the ventral sucker; behind the cirrus pouch a
second seminal vesicle connected with it by a short vas deferens;
testes two, one following the other with little or no interval between,
in posterior third of body; ovary in front of first testis, a little to the
right of the median line, not lobed; uterus in front of ovary, ova
few and relatively large; metraterm on left side of cirrus bulb;
vitellaria from posterior end to, and in some cases in front of, ven-
tral sucker; shell gland on left of ovary; yolk reservoir along
anterior border of first testis; seminal receptacle between first testis
and ovary, dorsal to yolk reservoir. Measurements in balsam:
Length, 0.84 mm.; breadth, 0.22 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.42 mm.,
breadth, 0.59 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.86 mm., breadth, 0.39 mm.;
86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
ventral sucker, length, 0.57 mm., breadth, 0.57 mm.; length of pre-
pharynx, 0.45 mm., of esophagus, 0.51 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.030 mm.
From bluefish: Distomum sp., Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p.
451, figs. 341-344, 1901.
From dollarfish: Small, spinose distomes from the dollarfish, agree-
ing in most particulars with this species are here recorded. See also
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 454, 455, fig. 353, 1901. One, col-
lected August 13, 1904; length, life, 1.28 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; pre-
pharynx and esophagus but little longer than pharynx; concentric
bodies in excretory vessels, 0.02 mm. in diameter. One, collected
July 2, 1907. Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.96 mm.; breadth,
0.31 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.06 mm., of pharynx, 0.04 mm., of
ventral sucker, 0.06 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.027 mm. Concentric bodies
in excretory vessels of living worm; prepharynx and esophagus short.
An immature distome, found in a mass of appendicularia in the
stomach of this dollarfish, probably belongs here. It was minutely
spinose and very changeable in shape. Measurements, life: Length,
0.18 mm.; maximum breadth at about the posterior third, 0.18 mm.;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.04 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.03 mm., of con-
centric bodies in excretory vessels, 0.01 mm.
Forty-two, collected August 30, 1917, from a 72-mm. dollarfish.
Two in life measured, the one 0.7 mm. in length and 0.45 mm. in
breadth, the other 0.35 mm. in length and 0.18 mm. in breadth. Meas-
urements in balsam: Length, 0.60 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; diameter
of oral sucker, 0.05 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.05 mm.; pharynx, length,
0.04 mm., breadth, 0.03 mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.033 mm.
Five, collected July 8, 1918, from an 85-mm. dollarfish.
One, collected July 25, 1918, from a 12-mm. dollarfish. The pre-
pharynx and esophagus are short; in other respects it is in close
agreement with distomes from the rudderfish.
Two, collected August 21, 1918, from a 12-mm. dollarfish. The pre-
pharynx and esophagus are short; in other respects it is in close agree-
ment with distomes from the rudderfish.
Two, collected August 21, 1918, from a 125-mm. dollarfish. On ac-
count of the retraction of the oral sucker no prepharynx could be seen,
but there was a distinct esophagus. A second seminal vesicle could
be made out.
From bonito: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8270), collected August 11, 1906.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.22 mm.; breadth, 0.44 mm.; oral
sucker, length, 0.75 mm., breadth, 0.57 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.05 mm.,
breadth, 0.06 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.75 mm.; ova, 0.056 by
0.027 mm. Prepharynx short, esophagus about as long as pharynx.
The vitellaria extend in front of the ventral sucker. This distome is
in close agreement with those from the rudderfish.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 87
From southern porgy: Distomum sp., Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for
1899, p. 296, fig. 72; p. 458, fig. 376, 1901. One, collected August 19,
1903. Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.65 mm.; breadth, 0.31 mm.;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.07 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.07 mm.;
pharynx, length, 0.05 mm., breadth, 0.04 mm.; ova, 0.068 by 0.032 mm.
This distome agrees with the foregoing closely, but the esophagus is
very short, and no prepharynx could be seen. ‘The neck was strongly
contracted.
Ten (U.S.N.M. No. 8271) collected August 24, 1910; six porgies
examined. One, active in sea water, varied in length from 0.42 to
0.84 mm. An average of six gave the diameter of the oral sucker,
0.065, ventral sucker, 0.059 mm. In a lot of ten, mounted in balsam,
there were noted cases with distinct prepharynx, and very short, or no
esophagus; others with very short, or no prepharynx and distinct
esophagus; others with both prepharynx and esophagus distinct.
The vitellaria extend to level of posterior end of pharynx. In details
of the anatomy these distomes are in close agreement with those from
the rudderfish.
From cutlassfish: Thirty (U.S.N.M. No. 8272), collected June 18,
1913, from one fish. Length of longest, in formalin, 2.15 mm.;
breadth, 0.6 mm. Eleven mounted in balsam vary from length, 0.6
mm. and breadth, 0.27 mm., to length, 1.26 mm., and breadth, 0.4 mm.
Measurements of one of largest in balsam: Length, 1.20 mm., breadth,
0.42 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.075 mm., of pharynx, 0.033 mm.,
of ventral sucker, 0.072 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.015 mm., of
esophagus, 0.18 mm.; ova, collapsed, about 0.06 by 0.024 mm.
The prepharynx is shorter than the pharynx and the esophagus
varies from less than the length of the pharynx to twice its length or
more. The vitellaria in all cases extend as far forward as the level
of the ventral sucker. A second seminal vesicle was distinguished in
one. So far as can be made out the anatomy of these distomes agrees
closely with those from the rudderfish.
LEPOCREADIUM RETRUSUM, new species
PLATE 6, FicurEs 50-52
Body spinose, of nearly same breadth throughout, tapering slightly
to anterior end, which is bluntly rounded; posterior end broadly
rounded ; oral sucker more or less retracted in all cases seen, smaller
than ventral sucker; pharynx small, prepharynx longer than pharynx;
esophagus about as long as pharynx; genital pore in front of ventral
sucker, a little to left of median line; cirrus pouch large, extending
back of ventral sucker and enclosing prostatic cells and a seminal
vesicle; a second seminal vesicle connected with the cirrus bulb by a
88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
short vas deferens, as in other species of this genus; testes two, one
following the other, nearly contiguous, at about the posterior fourth
of the length; ovary lobed, in front of first testis, a little to right of
median line; seminal receptacle between ovary and first testis; uterus
in front of ovary; metraterm thick-walled, on left side of cirrus
pouch; vitellaria diffuse, from posterior end nearly to ventral sucker.
Type specimens.—Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 8278; paratypes, No.
8274.
Host.—Chub mackerel (Pneumatophorus grex).
Record of collections—One (U.S.N.M. No. 8278), collected July
31, 1928. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.38 mm., breadth, 0.59
mm.; diameter of oral sucker, about 0.08 mm., of pharynx, 0.06 mm.,
of ventral sucker, 0.15 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.17 mm., of esoph-
agus, 0.06 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.03 mm.
Four (U.S.N.M. No. 8274), collected August 29, 1928. Measure-
ments in balsam: Length, 1.12 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.; diameter of
oral sucker, about 0.09 mm., of pharynx, 0.03 mm., of ventral sucker,
0.12 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.030 mm.
LEPOCREADIUM TRULLAFORME, new species
PLATE 6, Fiaures 53-56
Distomum areolatum Rudolphi, Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp.
279, 2938, 294, figs. 60-63, 1900; ibid., pp. 456, 462, 486, 487, fig. 351, 1901.
Small distomes, more or less oval in outline, densely spinose ante-
riorly; oral and ventral suckers about equal; prepharynx and esoph-
agus present, but, so far as observed, not exceeding the pharynx
in length; intestines extend nearly to posterior end; genital pore in
front of ventral sucker a little to left of median line; cirrus pouch
extending back of ventral sucker, enclosing the prostate and a
seminal vesicle, followed by a second seminal vesicle; testes two, near
together, at about posterior third, obliquely placed. Ovary, in some
cases slightly lobed, to right of median line in front of second testis;
seminal receptacle in front of first testis and on the left of the ovary;
uterus between testes and ventral sucker, ova few and large; metra-
term to left of cirrus pouch; vitellaria diffuse, extending in front of
ventral sucker.
Type specimens.—U. S. N. M. No. 8276 (holotype and paratypes).
Hosts—American sole (Achirus fasciatus), long-spined sculpin
(Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus) , kingfish (Menticirrhus saxatilis) ,
white perch (Morone americana), winter flounder (Pseudopleuro-
nectes americanus), cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus).
Record of collections —Distomum sp., Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for
1899, p. 487, fig. 351, 1901. Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8275) from Ameri-
can sole, collected October 14, 1915. While the anatomy is rather
TREMATODES FROM FISHES-——LINTON 85
indistinctly shown in the balsam material, so far as it can be made
out it is in close agreement with distomes from Morone americana.
The prepharynx is short, the esophagus about as long as the pharynx;
genital pore in front of ventral sucker and a little to the left of the
median line; cirrus smooth; testes obliquely placed. Ovary circular
in outline; ova two in each, large; vitellaria extend forward to level
of pharynx. Measurements of larger specimen in balsam: Length,
0.87 mim., breadth, 0.89 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.1 mm., of
pharynx, 0.045 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.06 mm.; ova, 0.096 by
0.066 mm.
From long-spined sculpin: Five, collected December 22, 1906. ‘Two,
collected May 12, 1913; 20 fishes examined. Fourteen, collected April
20, 1914; 2 fishes examined. Four (U.S.N.M. No. 8276), collected
April 26, 1915; 12 fishes examined.
The anatomy of these distomes is imperfectly shown mainly on
account of the diffuse vitellaria which mask the other genitalia; so
far as the anatomy can be made out it is in agreement with that of
the distomes from MW. americana. They differ in their consistent
fusiform shape. The neck was much contracted so that the pharynx
and adjacent structures were much obscured. In one a prepharynx
could be seen which was about equal in length to the pharynx. Testes
oblique; ovary in front of testes to right of median line. A seminal
receptacle was noted in front of the first testis to the left of the
ovary; ova few, large, posterior and dorsal to ventral sucker; vitelline
follicles coarse, extending in front of ventral sucker. Measurements
in balsam: Length, 1.4 mm.; breadth, 0.56 mm.; diameter of oral
sucker, 0.14 mm., of pharynx, 0.07 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.14 mm.;
ova, 0.10 by 0.05 mm.
From kingfish: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8277), collected September 11,
1907. Length, life, 1.12 mm.; breadth, 0.77 mm. Measurements,
balsam: Length, 1 mm.; breadth, 0.5 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.12
mm., breadth, 0.18 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.06 mm., breadth, 0.05
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.09 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; ova, 0.12
by 0.06 mm. This is a small, pyriform distome, densely spinose
anteriorly, the spines continuing to near the posterior end. The
anatomy is in close agreement with distomes from M. americana;
prepharynx and esophagus short; genital pore near median line;
ova few; what was interpreted to be the second seminal vesicle lay
on the left side of the ovary, in front of the seminal receptacle,
apparently crowded to the right by the ova.
Small distomes from young kingfish, collected August 21, 1918, are
here recorded.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8278) from a 55-mm. fish; 3 from a 100-mm.
fish; 16 from a 105-mm. fish; 20 from a 110-mm. fish. These are
90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
small, oval-elliptical distomes, varying from a length of 0.22 mm.
with a breadth of 0.15 mm., to length 0.45 mm., with a breadth of
0.28 mm.; minutely and densely spinose at anterior end, spines be-
coming sparse toward posterior end; oral sucker larger and more
muscular than ventral; pharynx about as broad as long, much smaller
than oral sucker; prepharynx and esophagus very short; intestines
reach to posterior end; cirrus and cirrus-pouch dorsal to ventral
sucker, seminal vesicle extending back of ventral sucker; genital
pore at anterior edge of ventral sucker, a little to left of median line;
testes diagonal, nearly transverse in one, about midway between
ventral sucker and posterior end; ovary to right of median line in
front of right testis; yolk reservoir between ovary and right testis,
best seen in dorsal view; shell gland ventral to left side of yolk
reservoir, extending to median line; seminal receptacle dorsal to
anterior border of left testis; a second seminal vesicle was faintly
indicated dorsal to the shell gland; ova very few, one or two,
between testes and ventral sucker; vitellaria diffuse, from posterior
end to oral sucker; posterior excretory vessel large. A characteristic
feature of these distomes is the large size and small number of
the ova. No more than two ova were seen {in any one of them.
Some of the smallest were immature, and contained no ova, but ova
were present in quite small specimens. Thus, one, length, 0.28 mm.,
breadth, 0.27 mm., contained one ovum 0.10 by 0.06 mm.; another,
length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm., contained two ova, 0.10 by 0.05
mm. and 0.10 by 0.06 mm. Measurements of one in balsam: Length,
0.42 mm.; breadth, 0.86 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.09 mm., breadth,
0.10 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.05 mm., breadth, 0.05 mm.; ventral
sucker, length, 0.06 mm., breadth, 0.06 mm.; ova, 0.10 by 0.06 mm.
From white perch: Eight (U.S.N.M. No. 8279), collected August
8, 1910. Six fishes examined. Measurements, life, moderately com-
pressed: Length, 1.04 mm.; breadth, 0.05 mm.; oral sucker, length,
0.1 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.06 mm., breadth,
0.04 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.10 mm., breadth, 0.09 mm.; ova,
0.11 by 0.07 mm.; ova 5 in number. Prepharynx and esophagus each
shorter than pharynx; genital pore to left of median line; a second
seminal vesicle noted; testes oblique; yoke reservoir between testes and
ovary; seminal receptacle near median line in front of testes; shell
gland in front of seminal receptacle; ovary in one appeared to be
slightly lobed; vitellaria extend about to level of pharynx.
From winter flounder: Distomwm areolatum Rudolphi, Bull. U. 8S.
Fish Comm. for 1899, 1901.
From cunner: Distomum areolatwum Rudolphi, Bull. U. S. Fish
Comm. for 1899, 1901. A reexamination of these distomes shows
that they belong here. 'They are densely spinose, broadest about the
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 91
middle of the length, tapering rather uniformly to bluntly rounded
ends; prepharynx short, esophagus about as long as pharynx; testes
oblique; ova few; vitellaria extend nearly to pharynx; genital pore
about halfway between ventral sucker and pharynx, a little to left
of median line; cirrus pouch extending back of ventral sucker.
Measurements, balsam: Length, 1.06 mm., breadth, 0.49 mm.; breadth
of oral sucker, 0.15 mm., of pharynx, 0.06 mm., of ventral sucker,
0.13 mm.; ova, 0.126 by 0.078. (U.S.N.M. No. 8280.)
Genus LEPIDAPEDON Stafford, 1904
LEPIDAPEDON CLAVATUM, new species
PLATE 4, FicuRES 36, 37
Body thickish, body more or less terete; neck and anterior part of
body covered with dense, minute spines; tapering gradually to ante-
rior end, and more or less abruptly to posterior end; oral sucker
subterminal, pharynx relatively large, ventral sucker larger than
oral; prepharynx approximately as long as pharynx, varying with
state of contraction of neck; esophagus short, if any, intestines
extend to posterior end; genital pore in front of ventral sucker,
median or nearly so; cirrus pouch short, muscular, at anterior edge
of ventral sucker; testes two, relatively large, more or less rounded,
close together, one following the other, at about the posterior third,
the second testis a little more than its length from the posterior end;
ovary at anterior border of first testis; uterus between ovary and
ventral sucker; ova not numerous, relatively large, for the most part
clustered behind the ventral sucker; vitellaria diffuse, follicles coarse,
from the posterior end to within a short distance of the ventral
sucker.
One specimen from Lophopsetia maculata and four from Cera-
tacanthus schoepft suggest L. rachion, but in each of them the ventral
sucker is distinctly larger than the oral.
Type specimens.—Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 8281; paratypes, No.
8282.
Hosts —¥ilefish (Ceratacanthus schoepfi) and windowpane (Lo-
phopsetta maculata).
Record of collections —¥rom filefish: One, collected August 7,
1905. Measurements, lateral view, in glycerin: Length, 3.5 mm.;
maximum breadth, 0.84 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.22 mm., breadth,
0.28 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.22 mm., breadth, 0.29 mm.; ventral
sucker, 0.37 mm., breadth, 0.85 mm.; ova, 0.08 by 0.04 mm.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8281), collected July 29, 1908.
Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8282), collected August 21, 1915. Body terete,
nearly linear, greatest breadth at level of testes, tapering gradually
92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88
to anterior, and more abruptly to posterior end. While the seminal
vesicle, so far as it is shown in the mounted specimens, is in front
of the ventral sucker, in one specimen it appears to be somewhat
crumpled, elongated, in front and on the right dorsal side of the
ventral sucker, narrowing slightly until near the level of the anterior
border of the sucker, where it expands from a diameter of 0.03 mm.
into an enlarged portion 0.28 mm. in length and 0.13 mm. in diameter,
the anterior half of which is contiguous with the cirrus pouch. The
ovary appeared to be slightly lobed in one specimen, circular in
outline in at least one, and oval-elliptical, with the longer diameter
transverse, in one.
TABLE 21.—Measurements of four specimens of Lepidapedon clavatum in balsam
Measurement iH 2 3 4
Mm. Mm. Mm. Mim.
Mere inset i be ae a ae Salone ke 3. 50 3. 25 3.50 | 3.78
Maxim Tm DVOAG THe. # a aabepenne we oeeie o. parce een ne 0 Sits 81 62 84] .84
Oralisncker long bse 0 uy ke eye Sess a Ea SI a oda) mila V28 eo
Oralisucker breadth sale ee ee es . 28 . 28 SOT es
IPHaryix OnStar ee, | BC Ne eee Oe Rene UE ee A ~2l 21 -28 | «28
Pharyn x bread hla ia OM eh dh Seth bake pled ue ae see) ingle 21 21 -28 | .29
Woentralisuckers] em eth ial aie i YE Ne eae Bel .35 .38 Oo od
IMONtral SUCKEr Dread CE meen i Dene a fem re ait Ceylon .30 . 38 -42 | .35
yea Se He TAD ah MAUR A Bi he Weal el a A RSE Se APU 2 Lal ps Mil aa oat aA dd . 078 by 0.045
From windowpane: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8283), collected August
17, 1908. Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.64 mm., breadth, 0.70
mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.85 mm.; pharynx,
length, 0.29 mm., breadth, 0.29 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.47 mm.,
breadth, 0.5 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.28 mm.; ova, 0.075 by
0.045 mm. This specimen agrees closely with the distomes from
Ceratacanthus schoepfi. The body is nearly linear, tapering to a
moderately blunt point at the posterior end; neck nearly linear.
Length of spines on neck about 0.015 mm. Seminal vesicle with a
few prostate cells at right margin of cirrus pouch; ovary slightly
lobed; shell gland in front of ovary; no seminal receptacle seen, but
some indication of sperm in early folds of uterus.
LEPIDAPEDON ELONGATUM (Lebour)
PLATE 5, FIGURES 38-45
Lepodora elongata Lesour, Rep. (1907) Northumberland Sea Fisheries, pp. 20-21,
1908.
Lepidapedon elongatum (Lebour), MANTER, Tilinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp.
85, 86, figs. 47, 48, 1926.
Distomes from seven species of Woods Hole fishes, while present-
ing many differences in minor details of structure, are referred to
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 93
this species. They are elongated forms differing from Z. rachion in
having a relatively smaller pharynx, and in having both the pre-
pharynx and esophagus as long, or longer, than the pharynx. The
testes are usually separated from each other by a longer or shorter
interval in which follicles of the vitellaria appear.
Details of structure are given in the records of collections.
Hosts.—¥our-bearded rockling (Znchelyopus cimbrius), common
codfish (Gadus morrhua), pollack (Pollachius virens), sammer
flounder (Paralichthus dentatus), codling (Urophycis chuss),
goggler (T'rachurops crumenophthalma).
Record of collections—¥rom four-bearded rockling. Distomum
sp., Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 479, fig. 380, 1901.
From common ecdfish: Eight, collected December 21, 1903; 24 fishes
examined.
Thirteen, collected December 138, 1905; 50 fishes examined. Meas-
urements in formalin: Length 1.6 mm., breadth 0.28 mm., nearly
linear. One, collected November 12, 1912; 5 fishes examined. One,
collected November 15, 1912; 3 fishes examined. Fourteen, collected
December 28, 1912; 25 fishes examined. ‘Two, collected December 30,
1912; 15 fishes examined. Measurements of one in formalin: Length
2.8 mm., breadth 0.42 mm.; diameter of oral sucker 0.10, of pharynx
0.06, of ventral sucker 0.10; ova, 0.066 by 0.040. Two hundred and
thirty-four, collected January 22, 1915; 12 fishes examined. Thirty-
seven (U.S.N.M. No. 8284), collected February 16, 1915, from one
fish.
Two, collected July 15, 1926; 4 fishes examined. Distomes slightly
macerated. ‘These distomes from the cod are slender, neck densely
spinose, spines less dense on anterior part of the body, sparse toward
the middle of the length, disappearing near the posterior end. Neck
when flattened slightly spatulate, broader and thinner than the sub-
cylindrical body. The neck is supplied with numerous pyriform
glands. Oral sucker a little larger than the ventral sucker, its open-
ing directed forward; pharynx small, longer than broad; prepharynx,
in uncontracted specimens, longer than the pharynx; esophagus much
longer than the pharynx, depending on the degree of contraction, in
some cases from twice to more than four times the length of the
pharynx. Intestinal rami begin from about the middle to the pos-
terior third of the neck and extend to the posterior end of the body.
Genital aperture in front of ventral sucker; cirrus bulb oval-ellipti-
cal, about twice as long as broad, anterior and dorsal to ventral sucker ;
cirrus spinose ; seminal vesicle moderately voluminous, extending back
of ventral sucker; testes two, one following the other, the interval be-
tween them approximately equal to the length of a testis, and filled
with follicles of the vitellaria. Ovary subglobular, a short distance
94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
in front of the first testis, and at about the middle of the post-acetabu-
lar region; seminal receptacle at posterior border of ovary; vitellaria
diffuse, extending from posterior end to the seminal vesicle, in most
cases interrupted at the levels of the testes and ovary. The uterus lies
between the ovary and the ventral sucker, passing ventral to the
seminal vesicle, then to the left of the cirrus bulb to the genital pore.
TABLE 22.—Measurements of fowr specimens of Lepidapedon elongatum, Wos.
1 and 2 in glycerin, Nos. 3 and 4 in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4
ATA ty ss he hk Se 4.62 4. 62 3. 78 2.03
Breadth ofinecks 2st. 2a) STUN a ea - 40 42 .27 27
Broad thyof Dod yes Saas Ae eee ee .35 .38 25 .29
Diameter of oralisueker2 22222 2 es .14 .14 eli .10
Pharynxs lengthy): s 222 eer Ase EN . 08 SUL . 08 . 08
IPharyvnx, spread (his eee eee ee . 08 . 08 . 04 . 04
Diameter of ventral sucker___.__._____________- LL .18 -10 .10
Length of prepharynx: 229. 22 2 oh eee et . 20 21 ol? 13
yee ae ae ed a ERI eo ee .07 by .04 .07 by .04 .06 by .03 -07 by .04
From pollack: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8285) collected May 28, 1913.
Length, in formalin, 2.03 mm.; breadth, 0.35 mm. Measurements in
balsam: Length, 1.68 mm.; breadth, 0.35 mm.; diameter of oral
sucker, 0.08 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.04 mm., ven-
tral sucker, length, 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; length of esophagus,
0.19 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.03 mm. Slender, of nearly same breadth
throughout, neck slightly attenuate, and posterior end slightly taper-
ing to blunt point. Details of anatomy in close agreement with
distomes from cod.
From summer flounder: Distoma sp., Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for
1899, pp. 482, 483, figs. 345, 352, 1901.
From codling: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8286), collected October 28,
1914; 10 fishes examined. Length, in formalin, 5.25 mm., breadth,
0.67 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.18 mm., of ventral sucker,
0.18 mm.
One, collected August 20, 1915. Measurements in balsam: Length,
2.66 mm.; breadth, 0.49 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.09 mm., of
ventral sucker, 0.09 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.054
mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.12 mm., of esophagus, 0.10 mm.; ova,
0.060 by 0.045 mm.
The neck in each of these distomes from the hake was slightly
tapering anteriorly, there being no indication of the spatulate condi-
tion noted in distomes from the cod.
From goggler: One, collected August 29, 1913. Small, spinose,
immature. Measurements, life: Length, 0.7 mm.; breadth, 0.16 mm.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 95
In balsam, length, 0.54 mm.; breadth, 0.12 mm.; diameter of oral
sucker, 0.03 mm., of pharynx, 0.02 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.03 mm. ;
length of prepharynx, 0.03 mm., of esophagus, 0.04 mm. Rudiments
of genitalia agree in relative positions with this species.
LEPIDAPEDON RACHION (Cobbold)
PLATE 5, FIGURE 46
Lepidapedon rachion (Cobbold), Srarrorp, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, p. 487, 1904.—
Manter, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 84, 85, figs. 45, 46.
Lepodora rachiaea (Cobbold), ODHNER, Die Trematoden des arktischen Gebietes,
Fauna Arctica, vol. 4, p. 332, pl. 2, figs. 12-15, 1905.
Distomes referred to this species were found in the sea bass, cod,
haddock, and silversides. Differences in details of structure, which
are many, may generally be accounted for by differing states of con-
traction, and differences in age. In general the outline is long oval,
usually tapering more anteriorly than posteriorly, the neck and
anterior part of the body bearing short, scalelike spines, which are
evanescent; ventral sucker smaller than oral; pharynx relatively
large; prepharynx as long, or longer, than pharynx; esophagus very
short, often indistinguishable; genital pore in front of ventral sucker,
on median line; cirrus-pouch in front of, and dorsal to ventral
sucker; the seminal vesicle, often large, and extending back of the
ventral sucker; testes two, one following the other; ovary in front
of first testis and near it; testes and ovary relatively small and
rounded; vitellaria diffuse, extending from the posterior end to the
level of the ventral sucker. Other details, including measurements,
given under the several hosts.
Hosts.—Black sea bass (Centropristes striatus), common codfish
(Gadus morrhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aegelfinus), silversides
(Menidia notata).
Record of collections—One, from black sea bass, collected July 9,
1904. Measurements, life: Length, 3.23 mm.; breadth, anterior 0.87,
at level of ventral sucker, 0.67 mm., near posterior end, 0.22 mm.;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.35 mm., of pharynx, 0.26 mm., of ventral
sucker, 0.24 mm.; ova, 0.05 by 0.04 mm. Measurements in balsam:
Length, 2.1 mm.; maximum breadth, 0.4 mm.; diameter of oral
sucker, 0.21 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.;
diameter of ventral sucker, 0.15 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.21 mm.,
of esophagus, 0.03 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.030 mm. In this distome from
the sea bass the vitellaria extended forward about to the level of the
anterior border of the ventral sucker and the ovary was a little more
to the left than to the right of the median line.
96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
From common codfish. See Distomum rachion Cobbold, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 538, 539, 1898.
From haddock: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8287), collected October 31,
1895, Vinal N. Edwards collection. Measurements in formalin:
Length, 3.48 mm.; breadth, 0.5 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.42 mm..
of ventral sucker, 0.8 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.8 mm., breadth, 0.27
mm.; ova, 0.07 by 0.04 mm.
Three, collected September 3, 1904.
Six, collected October 21, 1904. Length of largest, in formalin,
3.25 mm., breadth, 1 mm.; thickish, appressed, armed with low, flat,
rounded spines. Measurements of one in balsam: Length, 1.6 mm.;
breadth, 0.63 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm. ;
pharynx, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; ventral sucker, length,
0.15 mm., breadth, 0.17 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.03 mm.
The vitellaria in these distomes from the haddock do not extend
as far forward as the ventral sucker, and the ovary in some of them
is rather more to the right than to the left of the median line.
One, collected August 12, 1909. This is the only distome found
in 16 haddock taken on Crab Ledge, off Nantucket. Length, life, 4
mm. Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.5 mm.; breadth, 0.64 mm. ;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.22 mm., of pharynx, 0.18 mm., of ventral
sucker, 0.17 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.04 mm. Cirrus pouch elliptical,
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; seminal vesicle, relatively large,
at posterior border of ventral sucker dorsal to the uterus (fig. 46).
From silversides: A few cysts, collected August 29, 1908, sur-
rounded by black pigment on the skin of a silversides, contained im-
mature distomes which agree with this species. Measurements, life:
Length, 0.66 mm.; breadth, 0.29 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.12
mm., of ventral sucker, 0.08 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 mm., breadth,
0.05 mm. Rudiments of the seminal vesicle, ovary, shell-gland, testes,
and vitellaria were present, the latter extend forward to the level of
the ventral sucker. The prepharynx was as long as the pharynx,
and the intestinal rami extended to the posterior end.
Genus HOMALOMETRON Stafford, 1904
HOMALOMETRON PALLIDUM Stafford
PLATE 7, FIGURES 65-67
Distomum sp., LINTON, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 442, fig. 354, 1901.
Homalometron pallidum StArrorp, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, p. 487, 1904.—MANTER,
Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 212, 213, figs. 54-56, 1926.
Distomes from various species of Woods Hole fishes while differ-
ing more or less among themselves, agree in so many essential char-
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 97
acters that it is not advisable to recognize their differences as of
specific value.
Body more or less linear, although the proportions vary greatly
with different stages of contraction, neck more or less tapering.
Neck and anterior portion of body covered with short, blunt spines,
becoming sparse posteriorly, more or less evanescent; oral and ven-
tral suckers not differing much in size; pharynx much smaller than
oral sucker, usually a little longer than broad; prepharynx and
esophagus both present, their relative lengths variable, depending on
contraction conditions; intestines extend nearly to posterior end of
body, often hidden by the vitellaria; genital pore in front of ventral
sucker, median; cirrus pouch lacking; ejaculatory duct and seminal
vesicle dorsal to the ventral sucker, usually to the right of the median
line, the seminal vesicle extending back of the ventral sucker as far
as the ovary, the anterior border of which it often overlaps. The
two testes are situated about midway between the ventral sucker and
the posterior end, in many cases more or less lobed; ovary in front
of first testis to the right of the median line, not lobed; shell gland
and yolk reservoir between the ovary and first testis; seminal recep-
tacle in front, and dorsal to the ovary on the right side of the seminal
vesicle; vitellaria diffuse, from posterior end to, or nearly to, the
level of the posterior margin of the ventral sucker; ova few, in front
of testes, 0.09 or 0.1 mm. in longer, by 0.07 mm. or more in shorter
diameter.
Further details given in record of collections.
Hosts—Mademoiselle (Bairdiella chrysura), common killifish
(Fundulus heteroclitus), spot (Leiostomus wanthurus), kingfish
(Menticirrhus sawxatilis), white perch (Morone americana), winter
flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), tautog (Tautoga onitis).
Record of collections—Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8288), from made-
moiselle, collected September 10, 1928; 4 fishes, 62 to 68 mm. in length,
examined, seined at Wareham. Measurements, balsam: Length, 2.87
mm.; breadth, 0.59 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.21 mm., of
pharynx, 0.11 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.21 mm.; ova, 0.096 by 0.069
mm. These distomes resemble those from M/. sawatilis, collected on
the same date and from the same locality. Spines evanescent; pre-
pharynx a little longer than pharynx, esophagus about same length
as pharynx.
From common killifish: Seven (U.S.N.M. No. 8289), collected
January 10, 1917, from one fish, eight fishes examined.
From spot: Collected by Vinal N. Edwards on 16 dates in the
months of September and October in the years 1912, 1918, and 1914.
His record shows a total of 40 distomes from 231 fishes. The largest
155599—40-—7
98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vo. 88
number on any date was 6, from 42 fishes on one occasion, from 23
on another. On seven dates but one distome was recorded; on one
of these dates 50 fishes were examined.
Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8240), collected September 16, 1912; 10 fishes
examined.
TABLE 23.—Measurements of four specimens of Homalometron pallidum
in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4
Mm Mm. Mm. Mm.
5 -S 0 (4 7] 0 ee Mm SMe lla nate a an WRI Bo Wa Rea ni flys aes 1 PN cette ia 4.62 3. 51 2.32 1. 54
Maximumybreadthe: 22 vite’. ryt ei eee Poy eee ee 28 1. 02 78 . 56 45
Oralisticker: Nem thie eae tek ON OE oe al Be ato . 35 . 26 - 28 18
Oralisticker" Dread these ees meee ieek abt Re eens lene cee ane ner EN mou . 24 . 28 19
Tengthiofiprepharynx ise Green ae ee he ees . 28 -14 . 08 .07
PT AT YUKA ea a eee lg RLY eT TUT gl LD 14 ll -10
Pharynxybread Gaye e saa ee ee eS ee ee ee .16 .13 mili .10
Leneth ofesopharnsece torn cus 8: wea ere: Ses OEP Ee .07 .07 -07 . 00
WVentralisucker,vlengthec 2229 se et ie eae SR eRe . 36 . 28 . 25 . 20
Ventralisuckerprendths es ose ees eae ean he ae ees . 36 . 28 . 25 .19
Ova (collapsed) 0.096 by 0.051.
From kingfish: Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8291), collected September
11,1907. Measurements, life, compressed : Length, 4.5 mm.; breadth,
anterior, 0.36 mm., middle, 0.32 mm., behind testes, 0.78 mm.; oral
sucker, length, 0.26 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.14
mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.26 mm., breadth,
0.26 mm.; ova, 0.10 by 0.06 mm. Prepharynx longer than pharynx;
esophagus short. The seminal vesicle at its anterior end dorsal to
the posterior edge of the ventral sucker, extending back to ovary;
seminal receptacle somewhat elongated, at right side of seminal
vesicle, and extending back dorsal to ovary.
Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8292), collected October 24, 1912; two fishes,
length, 150 mm., examined.
Eight, collected October 31, 1912; ten fishes, length 125 mm., ex-
amined. Length, 1.98 mm.; breadth, 0.5 mm., in formalin. Most of
these distomes, mounted in balsam, are strongly contracted. In one
the vitellaria were reduced so that the intestines could be seen. They
reached to within 0.18 mm. of the posterior end.
Forty (U.S.N.M. No. 8293), collected August 28, 1928; 34 fishes,
81 mm. to 1387 mm. in length, examined.
These distomes, in balsam, vary from 1.3 to nearly 5 mm. in length,
and are of great variety of shapes and proportions, as shown in the
following table:
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 99
TABLE 24.—Measurements of five specimens of Homalometron pallidum in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4 5
Mm Mm Mm. Mm Mm
Teng theese a = gy ser ey ot a 4.48 3.15 3. 08 2. 68 1.79
Mengtwiofmeck= 2 22-25-25 eae eee 1.02 75 77 77 42
Maximum breadth_-_---.-------- 98 1.14 . 74 . 63 1.19
Oral sucker, length_____._____--- .29 . 26 . 24 - 25 . 22
Oral sucker, breadth_____-------- . 29 22 . 28 25 . 24
Length of prepharynx__-_-----_-- 2 . 05 oi . 14 . 00
Wharynx, length: =) 4s. 222k ait . 08 -10 -10 . 05
iPharynx, breadth. s==ss2—ss-—— = .12 . 08 .07 st -05
Length of esophagus___-_-_------ . 07 . 04 . 05 .07 . 00
Ventral sucker, length ___._____-- . 30 . 24 .25 .19 . 28
Veutral sucker, breadth_-__------ . 28 . 24 sep ab . 28
Ovary ,jlength: 24 ets ee 20 ead .14 .14 wd
Ovary, breadth: 222... =-2 --+..-3. -21 - 25 17 ay 4 . 24
Wirst pestis, lengths 2s25-2 = e- . 23 .31 00 . 24 14
First testis, breadth_____-______- ee ~45 On . 24 .39
Second testis, length ____-._____- . 56 aya . 39 -18 sol
Second testis, breadth___-_-_-__- .35 70 sD) . 26 . 43
Ona) 3 SS So a eee -10 by .09 -10 by .06 .10 by .05 .10 by .07 -10 by .06
From white perch: Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8294), collected April 28,
1914; two fishes examined. Largest, in formalin, length, 4 mm.;
breadth, 1.85 mm. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.94 mm.;
breadth, 1.05 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.35 mm., breadth, 0.39 mm.;
pharynx, length, 0.15 mm., breadth, 0.13 mm.; ventral sucker, length,
0.39 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; no ova. Seminal vesicle dorsal to right
border of ventral sucker, extending back of ventral sucker and over-
lapping the ovary, seminal receptacle dorsal to posterolateral border
of ovary; yolk reservoir between ovary and first testis.
From winter flounder: The distome recorded from this host under
the name D. globiphorum Rudolphi (Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for
1899, p. 486, fig. 347, 1901), probably belongs here. Nine (U.S.N.M.
No. 8295), collected July 28, 1905; length, 4mm. One, collected Feb-
ruary 10, 1913; 30 fishes examined; length, 3 mm., in formalin. Five,
collected October 16, 1914; one fish examined. Sixteen, collected
February 16, 1915; four fishes examined.
TABLE 25.—Record of distomes of Homalometron pallidum from young
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Fishes Fishes | Degree of Total Appendicu-
exam- Date collected Length of fishes} parasit- | parasit- di te late distomes
ined ized ization | ||Cnooe found
eee
Mm.
65 | 10 dates, June 30 to Sept. 10_______ 100 to 190_____- 23 1-40 173 | None.
264 | 28 dates, June 27 to Sept. 18_______ Pa bra ykt eet 187 1-484 5,516 | On 4 dates.
ENA usualy 27 19st eho Ee aE te 10 3-317 1,195
APU POUINIC 2 (LOL Gs ein hernia ee nk ee ea Be 1
aL AS MULL ane eee ee ae Se eke ee ANA eke Sy ee 12 2-75 268
CSO DAN LAG ERD Ne EI ig ee S| | eee 2 2 3-5 8
1 Seined in Katama Bay. 1 Seined in Great Harbor. 3 Seined at Monument Beach.
100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
While the food of young winter flatfish was being studied in the
summers of 1915 and 1916, a record was kept of the distomes found.
With few exceptions these distomes were referred to the species
Homalometron pallidum (U.S.N.M. No. 8296) and Hemiurus appen-
diculatus. The appendiculates, for the most part, came from the
stomachs, the others from the intestines of their hosts.
Twenty-three, collected August 9, 1923; eight fishes examined.
Twelve, collected July 29, 1929. Smallest, length, 160 mm.;
breadth, 0.53 mm.; largest, length, 3.20 mm., breadth, 0.77 mm.;
ova, 0.096 by 0.042 mm.
These distomes from the winter flatfish, representing as they do
a great variety of forms, agree in all essential particulars with this
species as defined in the foregoing descriptions. Such differences
as exist may be accounted for by differences in age and in contrac-
tion conditions. Thus, in distomes of the same lot there are some
in which the seminal vesicle and seminal receptacle are clearly de-
fined, some in which the seminal vesicle cannot be made out, some in
which the seminal receptacle cannot be seen, and some in which
neither of the seminal vessels can be distinguished. Evidently con-
ditions varying from plethora to emptiness account for the apparent
variation in these organs. In like manner differences in states of
contraction, especially of the neck, explain many apparently radical
differences in relative proportions. Differences harder to reconcile
are seen in a tendency of the testes to be more or less lobed. Also,
the ventral sucker tends in some to be a little larger than the oral
sucker. (U.S.N.M. No. 8297.)
TABLE 26.—Measurements of six specimens of Homalometron pallidum in balsam
Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mm. Mm. | Mm. | Mm. Mm. Mm.
Tenet He ee A ee a ee ee ee Fo ee 8 3. 74 3. 39 3. 57 2.31 3. 50 3. 75
Maximumiibreadth 2s siee 2 eee eee be ee . 66 - 48 49 95 ~42 . 52
Oral sucker, length___._---- Pepa ee NE Es LE ae . 28 «25 . 28 . 24 . 25 any
QOralisucker,; bread Ghesase sss en 28 oe Se . 34 .19 . 24 . 24 . 20 . 22
Tenet hyo rprepharyix ee oe oe ee .07 25 . 25 . 08 .21 . 28
Pharynxlengphie to. eee eel Sos oy. Peay eh seed a19 14 sala ailitt 14 Bia
Phanynx,bresd thio 22222 2 2 2. teen te So a ee 15 ap .14 oil -10 .14
ene LOO eSOPOSCUS = ase nets Hoe eee ee todas .07 .14 - 08 .07 -10 -16
Wentralisucker, length: seuss iw ae ee eee -3l 25 . 36 .28 . 30 . 36
Mentrali sticker, DFOad theese ssee neon ene ee -ol .14 . 25 34 sol aia
Ova, 0.09 by 0.06.
From tautog: One, collected April 26, 1915. Measurements in
balsam: Length, 0.81 mm.; breadth, 0.835 mm.; diameter of oral
sucker, 0.15 mm., of pharynx, 0.08 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.15 mm.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 101
Subfamily STEPHANOPHIALINAE Nicoll, 1909
Genus CREPIDOSTOMUM Braun, 1900
CREPIDOSTOMUM FARONIS (0. F. Miiller)
PLATE 22, FIGURE 289
Crepidostomum laureatum (Zeder, 1800), Braun, 1900, Srizes and HASSALL,
U. S. Hyg. Lab. Buil. 37, p. 140, 1908.
Crepidostomum faronis (O. F. Miiller), Luu, in Brauer’s Siisswasserfauna
Deutschlands, vol. 17, Trematodes, p. 63, fig. 54, 1909.
Body smooth, tapering slightly to each end; six short, blunt papillae
around oral sucker, four dorsal and two ventral; ventral sucker
larger than oral; prepharynx very short; pharynx much smaller
than oral sucker; esophagus about as long as pharynx; intestinal
rami extend nearly to posterior end. Genital pore on median line,
in front of working of intestine, near posterior end of pharynx;
cirrus smooth, cirrus pouch extends back of ventral sucker along its
left border and encloses the seminal vesicle at its posterior end.
Testes about middle of postacetabular region, one following the
other, outlines more or less irregular. Ovary subglobular, a short
distance back of ventral sucker, to left of median line; shell gland
on posteromedian border of ovary. A yolk reservoir was noted in
one specimen between the left anterior border of the first testis and
the ovary; vitellaria diffuse, with coarse lobules filling the post-
testicular space and extending forward to the level of the posterior
end of the pharynx. Uterus between first testis and ventral sucker.
The metraterm lies on the dorsal side of the ventral sucker, to the
right of the cirrus-pouch. Ova not numerous, average in balsam
0.08 by 0.04 mm. The number in three specimens in balsam was
32, 42, and 90, more or less, respectively.
Host.—Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).
Record of collections —About 25 trout were examined for internal
parasites on July 4, 1905, at Alder Lake in the Catskills, New York;
2 distomes found, 1 from each of two fish. (U.S.N.M. No. 8298.)
Measurements of one, life: Length, 2.45 mm., breadth, 1.26 mm.;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.832 mm., of pharynx, 0.23 mm., of ventral
sucker, 0.48 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.045 mm. When compressed the
greatest breadth was at about the anterior third at the level of the
ventral sucker, thence tapering to the buntly rounded anterior end, and
more gradually, to the posterior end. A slide contains three specimens
collected June 26, 1911, not in good condition. My notes made dur-
ing my second visit to Alder Lake are missing.
102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
TaBLe 26.—Measurements of three specimens of Crepidostomum faronis in balsam
Measurement 11 2! 32
Mm. Mim. Mm
OMS C Tee a eR a a se als aye SO eat aD eet Bild 2.97 2.55 2. 53
Breadth; leveltof oralisucker® = 22" Sse yee ey eee ee ae . 46 42 24
‘Breadth, veveliof:ventralisnckerse sae me see ee eee Cee ee 1S 1. 08 . 66
Breadth; evelOR testes ana eee a a a A ee 1. 06 as . 62
Anterior edge of ventral sucker to anterior end_____________-_------------- sHaie - 62 . 63
Posterior edge of ventral sucker to ovary_--_-.--------.------------------- . 06 .13 07
Posterior edge of ventral sucker to first testis_______._.___.._.-_------------ . 46 . 52 . 56
Posterior edge of second testis to posterior end_____-_-____---------------- . 84 .70 . 56
Oralisneker length soln ee ae oe ees ae ema eee ener nek . 29 . 24 a7,
OrallSsucker:HDrea the oy Me ci ee ey asi Sa ah BY SN .35 .32 . 24
Pharynx: long phe. Peja ek Beulah dS ee hon SD as ae ir «21 «15 wit
Wertralisucker eng tn ook {aula Ee eer ees Aa NERD, Se ALS TE . 43 .38 . 28
Ventral’sucker; breathe hoe cen ee ae ae ae eA Aad, il oh el . 49 .39 Sol
Ovary plen et Hats ate Se syle ae Rie eg Me da i ae a oar ss ~25 - 21 . 24
Ovary Drexcy his. oe Se ieee is TER ELCs Ea ee ee ie, ee nat val . 20
irst testis; lengtho- 2. dda 2 Wine 2 ee ak Ob) OER te +22 .18 722
First testis, breadth__._._.___-____ VMS ese Be 3 pats Rel Rate Roeeiies! See a 25 35 28
Second'testis; length = 2226 say eet es = I ee ee 2 . 24 aval . 28
Second testis; breadthiw 2c tee ey AE SM Re NSA EE . 28 - 28 29
1 Ventral view. 4 Lateral view.
Family DIPLOPROCTODABIDAHE Ozaki, 1928
Genus BIANIUM Stunkard, 1930
BIANIUM PLICITUM (Linton)
PLATE 6, Figure 57; PLate 7, FiaurEes 58-64
Distomum sp. Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 537, 588, figs. 1, 2, 1898 ;
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, vol. 19, p. 464, 1901; Bull. Bur. U. S. Fish
Comm. for 1904, vol. 24, pp. 359, 385, 402, fig. 165, 1905.
Psilostomum plicitunm Linton, Proe. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 73, art. 1, p. 5, fig. 7,
1928.
Bianium concavum STUNKARD, Anat. Ree., vol. 47, p. 362, 1930.
Bianium plicitum (Linton), StTUNKARD, Zeitschr. ftir Parasitenk., vol. 3, pp. 715-
719, figs. 3-7, 1981.
Body oblong, anterior end, when flattened, with margins of neck
slightly expanded and more or less undulate; neck and anterior part
of body densely covered with minute spines; oral sucker a little larger
than ventral sucker, its opening ventral, its anterior border a short
distance back of the anterior end of the body; pharynx variable,
usually broader than long, its anterior border in some cases scal-
loped; prepharynx and esophagus short; intestinal rami extend to
posterior end of body, where they open by distinct ani at the postero-
lateral margins.* Genital pore at left anterior edge of ventral
13 Dr, Stunkard has called my attention to the presence of two distinct anal openings in
this distome. I had overlooked this unique character, possibly because the specimens
examined most closely had the intestinal rami hidden by the vitellaria, but probably
because the attention that would be required to lead to such an unlooked-for characteristic
was not given.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 103
sucker; cirrus smooth; cirrus bulb near left dorsal margin of ven-
tral sucker, and extending back of ventral sucker, enclosing the pros-
tatic cells and a seminal vesicle at its posterior end. There is a sec-
ond seminal vesicle connected with the base of the cirrus bulb by a
short vas deferens. The second seminal vesicle is, in some cases, rela-
tively large, in others it is small and obscured by the ova. ‘Testes
two, situated toward the posterior end, one following the other
closely, and usually slightly diagonally placed, in some cases slightly
lobed. Ovary profoundly lobed, as many as twenty lobes were
counted in a few instances, situated ventrally at the anterior border of
the first testis. Seminal receptacle elongated, at the left side of the
ovary and first testis. Laurer’s canal enters the seminal receptacle at
its posterior end. The uterus lies between the ovary and the ventral
sucker. The thick-walled metraterm lies on the left side of the cirrus
pouch; ova from about 0.06 by 0.04 mm. to 0.07 by 0.05 mm. in bal-
sam, the shells rather thin and usually collapsed in balsam mounts;
vitellaria diffuse, from posterior end to ventral sucker, their breadth
on the margins often from one-fourth to one-third the breadth of
the body; yolk reservoir at posterior border of ovary. The excretory
vessel at the posterior end of the body extends forward to about the
anterior end of the first testis. Measurements in balsam: Length,
3.12 mm.; breadth, 1.24 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.27 mm., breadth,
0.28 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; diameter of
ventral sucker, 0.25 mm.; ova, 0.07 by 0.04 mm. An average of seven
distomes, maximum length 3.12 mm., minimum 1.40 mm., gave the
following results: Oral sucker, length, 0.19 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.;
pharynx, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.18 mm.; ventral sucker, length,
0.19 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.
Hosts—Smooth puffer (Lagocephalus laevigatus), tomcod (Micro-
gadus tomcod), puffer (Sphoeroides maculatus).
Record of collections—From smooth puffer: Proc. U. 8S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 20, pp. 537, 538, pl. 53, figs. 1, 2, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish
Comm. for 1899, p. 464, 1901. One, collected July 17, 1906.
From tomcod: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8299), collected June 8, 1914.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.88 mm.; breadth, 0.98 mm.;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.21 mm., of pharynx, 0.17 mm., of ventral
sucker, 0.19 mm.; ova, 0.066 by 0.083 mm. Pharynx with sinuous
anterior border.
From puffer: Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 464, 1901. Fifty-
two (U.S.N.M. No. 8300), collected July 9, 1904, from intestines of
two fishes. Nine, collected August 17, 1904. Twenty-eight, collected
May 31, 1905. Most of these came from a piece of intestine of the
host 40 mm. in length, preserved in formalin. Twelve, collected by
Dr. Irving I. Field, July 8, 1905, from intestine of the host; white,
squarish distomes. Thirty-four, collected August 6, 1906, from two
104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
fishes; small, greenish or yellowish white, usually rather squarish in
outline; that is, ends truncate and sides linear; lateral margins of
neck expanded, in some cases folded under ventrally.
Two, collected August 9, 1906, from intestine of one fish. One,
collected August 10, 1906, from intestine of one fish. Four, collected
August 16, 1906, from intestine of one fish. Three, collected August
17, 1906, from intestine of one fish. Four, collected August 18, 1906,
from intestine of one fish. Five, collected August 23, 1906, from
intestine of one fish. One hundred and fourteen, collected August 1,
1907, from the intestines of two fishes. Thirty-four, collected August
2, from one fish. Many, collected August 10, from one fish. One
hundred and fifty-one, collected June 28, 1910, from intestines of four
fishes.
One hundred and ten, collected June 30, 1910, from two fishes;
yellowish white, some rose color; shape irregular, many almost rec-
tangular, others roughly triangular, tapering anteriorly and retuse
at. posterior end, a few arcuate; flattened under the cover-glass they
become oblong with bluntly rounded anterior, and more or less trun-
cated posterior ends. Measurements of largest, life: Length, 3.95 mm.;
breadth, 1.57 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.39 mm., of pharynx,
0.85 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.39 mm.
Ninety-three, collected July 5, 1910, from nine fishes. Twenty,
collected July 27, from one fish; one of these, an adult with ova, from
a cyst on the intestine of the host. Twenty-eight, collected July 5,
1910, from each of two fishes, number not recorded. One, collected
September 6, 1910; two fishes examined. Fifty-two, collected June
1, 1914, from 15 fishes. Forty-five, collected June 8, 1914, from one
fish. One hundred and thirty-nine, collected June 9, 1914, from one
fish, six fish examined. LHighty-eight, collected June 8, 1915, from 16
fishes. One, collected July 2, 1915.
Family BUNODERIDAE Nicoll
Genus BUNODERA Railliet, 1896
BUNODERA NGDULOSA (Froelich)
PLATE 22, Ficures 290, 291
On April 28, 1914, Mr. Edwards examined 12 yellow perch (Perca
flavescens) and found two distomes that appear to belong to this
species (U.S.N.M. No, 8301).
Note on formalin material: Globular, or nearly so; dorsal region
and neck white; ventral region swollen with ova, in which the eye
spots of the contained miracidia can be seen; ventral sucker white
with circular opening, slightly prominent, like an inverted saucer.
The mouth is surrounded by six short, blunt papillae. Length,
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 105
2.25 mm.; breadth, 1.5 mm.; thickness, 1.6 mm.; ova, 0.077 by
0.042 mm.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.12 mm.; breadth, 0.84 mm.;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.42 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.42 mm.; ova,
0.045 by 0.030 mm. to 0.069 by 0.045 mm.
Details of the anatomy are hidden by the mass of ova. ‘This species
has been found in Canada by Stafford (Zool. Anz., vol. 27, pp. 489,
490, 1904). So far as the anatomy can be made out these distomes
are in agreement with Stafford’s material, although they are some-
what smaller. The measurements of the ova are not given by Staf-
ford. Looss (Zool. Jahrb., vol. 12, p. 598, 1899) gives the size of the
ova 0.10 by 0.05 mm. He notes also the occurrence of miracidia with
eye spots in the ova.
Family AZYGIIDAE Odhner, 1911
Genus AZYGIA Looss, 1899
AZYGIA LONGA (Leidy)
PLATE 22, FigurRES 292-297
zygia longa (Leidy), Manrer, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 68-72,
figs. 19, 20, 30, 1926 (synonymy, p. 63).
Upon reviewing the distomes in my collection I find examples from
three species of fishes, two fresh water and cne marine, which, ac-
cording to Manter’s synopsis (loc. cit., p. 78) are to be referred to
the species Azygia longa (Leidy). A brief description of this ma-
terial is given as supplementary to Manter’s careful diagnosis of this
widely distributed and variable species.
Hosts —Kastern pickerel (sox niger), small-mouthed black bass
(Micropterus dolomieu), cutlassfish (7'richiurus lepturus).
Record of collections—-Krom eastern pickerel, 12 distomes
(U.S.N.M. No. 8302) attached to walls of stomach, collected May 5,
1898, by F. L. Harvey, Orono, Maine. Neck and anterior part of
body nearly cylindrical; posterior part of body may be slightly com-
pressed, smooth, but with fine transverse rugae; oral sucker larger
than ventral; pharynx short, cylindrical; esophagus very short; in-
testinal rami reach to posterior end. Genital pore at anterior border
of ventral sucker, on median line; cirrus-pouch, enclosing the pros-
tate gland and coiled vas deferens, at anterior dorsal border of ventral
sucker; cirrus and metraterm opening into a common atrium. Testes
small, near together, one following the other, nearer to posterior end
than to ventral sucker. The ovary is in front of the first testis, from
which it was separated, from 0.08 to 0.15 mm. The shell gland and
yolk reservoir are situated on the anterior and anterodorsal border
of the ovary. Laurer’s canal was noted, but no seminal receptacle
106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
was seen. The uterus occupies the space between the shell gland and
the ventral sucker. The vitelline glands are marginal and extend
from a point a short distance back of the ventral sucker to a point
about halfway between the second testis and the posterior end. Meas-
urements of one of larger specimens in balsam: Length, 6.50 mm.;
maximum diameter, 0.75 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.67 mm., breadth,
0.60 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ventral
sucker, length, 0.26 mm., vertical diameter, 0.24 mm. An average of
36 of the larger ova, in a series of sections, was 0.042 by 0.025 mm.;
the largest observed measured 0.054 by 0.033 mm.
From small-mouthed black bass: Collected by J. L. Robertson at
Culver Lake, N. J., one specimen in June, 1905, seven specimens on
November 15, 1907 (U.S.N.M. No. 8303). These distomes from the
black bass differ from those found in the pickerel in the relative posi-
tions of testes and ovary. In the distomes from the pickerel the
testes are separated from each other by a space equal to or greater
than the diameter of a testis, and the ovary is separated from the
first testis by a space about equal to its diameter, while in the dis-
tomes from the bass the testes and ovary are very close together, in
most cases being actually in contact with each other. In four of the
six mounted specimens the ovary lies directly in front of the first
testis, in the others it lies beside the first testis, beimg crowded back
by the uterus. In an immature specimen 2.17 mm. in length the
ovary is separated from the first testis by a space nearly equal to its
diameter. In another, immature, specimen, 2.10 mm. in length, the
testes are in contact with each other, and the ovary is in contact with
the anterior edge of the first testis. An average of 15 of the larger
ova, in balsam mounts, was 0.056 by 0.029 mm.; the largest, 0.057 by
0.030 mm.; the smallest, 0.048 by 0.027.
From cutlassfish: This record is based on a series of sagittal sec-
tions of one distome, and a series of frontal sections of the anterior
end of another. These sections occur in a lot which was prepared of
the distome Sterrhurus monticellit from the cutlassfish. These sec-
tions are on a slide along with sections of a specimen of S. monti-
cellii. Careful search was made for other examples of Azygia
among the large number of S. monticellii in the collection but none
were found.
The agreement between this material from the cutlassfish and that
from the bass and pickerel is close. The testes and ovary are in con-
tact with each other, as in the bass. The vitellaria are lateral, be-
tween the lateral margin and the intestinal rami, distributed more
ventrally than dorsally, and extend from about 0.15 mm. back of the
ventral sucker nearly to the posterior end. Ova numerous, maximum
about 0.06 by 0.03 mm. Ova in the anterior folds of the uterus con-
tain miracidia.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 107
The following measurements are given for purposes of comparison
with measurements tabulated in Manter’s monograph:
TABLE 27.—Measurements of nine specimens of Azygia longa
Measurement 11 21 32 42 52 62 7? 83 94
Mm.| Mm.| Mm.| Mm. | Mm. | Mm.| Mm.| Mm. | Mm.
Nyala eee eA Te ae eT dae 6.65 | 6.46 | 7.00 5.74 5.389 | 4.90 | 2.10 | 4.00] 3.00
Brendthe ys = cess § esate te ale i as gE 20; .63 | .91 .70 -60 |} .59-| .42 «43 - 63
Oral'sucker, diamoter-22 522) 22285 88: [po boul sea - a eae eel eee
Oral'sucker, length? ice. 22 )o_ Se Sa ee To .49 . 60 -35 | 2.385] .28 ~42 . 56
Oral sucker; breadth-=. 2% Se. Be £2 ol oe oo a ok - 63 - 46 «52°} °.497] .31 - 42 . 62
Pharynxlenet hess wees see ee suey bale BOTs ance mmol | es | eT 25
Pharynx, breadthi i253 4h ee Anak FY eb he Ree eal . 25 oe | at ty (a bm -16 ool
Ventral sucker, diameter____*__-_--___----- ABU OQ er Be eee Tae
Wentralisucker,lenethe 22s eek eee ee ave! 43 .39 32) 28) .25 - 32 45
Ventralisucker; breadth 2022 2h 3 | ae -45 -45 SOON he SON) encore . 25 -41
Posterior edge of ventral sucker to middle
ORGY SGV ea Re RU ee NS Le ewig a 2,33 | 2.10 | 2.24} 2.08 | 2.06 | 2.10 | .50 ri 7 peso
Posterior edge of ventral sucker to anterior
ena ee eee ee eS ea ES eS LZ") 1054), 1247 1. 96 172) | 12 - 98 1.51 1.92
Posterior edge of ventral sucker to anterior
VALOUSTIBs 728 BESET aay ere 242) S285) 24 85 Gun] weoual eee +114 | 4.15
Posterior edge of testes to posterior end____| 1.71 | 1.33 | 1.89 | 1.33] 1.12]1.15 | .52 JB0s 2 2278
Vitellaria on left beyond testes__..___-____- -98 | 1.26] .78 | +.90 | +.34] .90 |_____. ia DAEs
Viteliaria on right beyond testes_____._____ 1,02 |} 1.23 } 1.05 | +.42 | +.56 | .60 |---_-- sevala | Sa oe
1 Balsam mounts from Hsozr niger. 3 Sagittal sections.
2 Balsam mounts from Micropterus dolomieu. ‘ Frontal sections from Trichiurus lepturus.
Genus OTODISTOMUM Stafford, 1904
OTODISTOMUM CESTOIDES (van Beneden)
Distomum cestoides VAN BENEDEN, Mem. Acad. Roy. Belgique, vol. 38, p. 17,
pl. 4, fig. 9, 1870.
Distomum veliporum Creplin (?), Linton, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp.
521, 522, 1898.
Otodistomum veliporum Creplin, STAFForD, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, pp. 482, 483, 1904.
Xenodistomum melanocystis, ibid., p. 483.
Otodistomum cestoides (van Beneden), MANTER, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No.
2, pp. 140-186, figs. 1-6, 8-10, 23-26, 28, 1926.
An intensive study of this distome has been made by Manter, loc.
cit.
Hosts.—Clear ray (Raja diaphanes), barndoor skate (aja laevis),
filefish (Ceratacanthus schoepfi), fishingfrog (Lophius piscatorius),
rudderfish (Palinurichthys perciformis).
Record of collections—From clear ray: One, immature (U.S.N.M.
No. 8304), collected May 18, 1914. Measurements in formalin:
Length, 7.5 mm.; breadth, 1.5 mm.; thickness, 1 mm. Measurements
in balsam: Length, 5.5 mm.; maximum breadth, at level of ventral
sucker, 1.33 mm., breadth midway between ventral sucker and pos-
terior end, 1.29 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.66 mm., breadth, 0.70 mm. ;
pharynx, length, 0.38 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ventral sucker, length,
108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
0.97 mm., breadth, 1.04 mm. Ovary, 0.9 mm. back of ventral sucker,
length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; testes about equal, length, 0.21
mm., breadth, 0.35 mm. The testes and ovary are close together, the
group measuring about 0.46 mm. in length and 0.56 mm. in breadth.
Aperture of oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm., of ven-
tral sucker, length, 0.85 mm., breadth, 0.24 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8304.)
From barndoor skate: One, fragment (U.S.N.M. No. 8305), col-
lected October 28, 1898. One, fragment; length in formalin, 10 mm.
Two, collected November 4, 1898; lengths, 24 and 25 mm., respec-
tively; breadth, 3.5 mm., nearly linear; neck reflected dorsally; color
in formalin yellowish white to ashy gray, with dark blotches. Two,
collected October 19, 1903; length of larger specimen, 54 mm.; of
nearly uniform size from ventral sucker to middle of postacetabular
region, thence tapering very slightly to posterior end; distance from
anterior end to posterior edge of ventral sucker, 9 mm.; neck reflected
dorsally, nearly at right angles to body. Fourteen, collected May
13, 1904; longest in formalin, 28 mm. Three, collected October 28,
1911; lengths in formalin, 11, 12, and 15 mm., respectively; breadth,
2to2.25mm. Three, collected October 10, 1912; lengths in formalin,
22, 23, and 27 mm., respectively; maximum breadth, 4.5 mm. Six-
teen, collected April 29, 1913; length of one in formalin, 47 mm.,
breadth, 45 mm. Five, collected April 30, 1913, 12 to 20 mm. in
length in formalin. Five, collected May 6, 1913; 10 to 16 mm. in
formalin. Four, collected May 9, 1918; largest in formalin, length
27 mm., maximum breadth, 4.5 mm., maximum thickness, 3 mm.;
smallest, length, 23 mm., maximum breadth, 3 mm., tapering to pos-
terior end; in each the neck was reflected dorsally nearly at right
angles to the body.
The ova, as seen in a series of sections, are about 0.078 mm. by
0.051 min.; thickness of shell, 0.003 mm.
From filefish: Immature trematodes encysted under the serous coat
of the liver of the filefish are here recorded. One, collected July 11,
1910, from serous coat of liver near gall bladder of host; length, 138
mm., diameter, 3.5 mm.; nearly linear, moderately compressed, in-
testines voluminous; in balsam, diameter of oral sucker, 0.60 mm., of
pharynx, 0.42 mm., of ventral sucker, 1.18 mm.
One, collected July 18, 1911, under serous coat of liver of host.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.24 mm., maximum breadth, 0.73
mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; pharynx,
length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.81 mm.,
breadth, 0.35 mm.
From fishingfrog: Immature distomes from the stomach wall of
the goosefish are here recorded. The rudiment of the cirrus pouch
lies at the posterior border of the pharynx. Rudiments of the ovary
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 109
and testes are present, the ovary being in front of the testes. The
worms when compressed are usually rather slender and of nearly uni-
form breadth. The ratio of the suckers would point to O. veliporum
rather than to O. cestoides. Since the studies of Manter show that
differences in ratio of suckers are of little value, and other workers,
as Miihlschlag and Odhner, rely mainly on the ova to distinguish
between species, it seems best to record these immature distomes under
the species O. cestoides.
Encysted distomes from the goosefish are recorded by Stafford
(Zool. Anz., vol. 27, p. 483, 1904) and referred by him to a new genus
and species, Xenodistomum melanocystis. Of these encysted distomes
he says: “Resembles preceding species (Otodistomum veliporum Crep-
lin) but is immature with rudiments of genital organs and ducts.”
Five, collected November 11, 1904.
Four, collected July 31, 1905, in cysts on viscera of host. Measure-
ments, life: Length, 4 mm.; breadth, 1.5 mm.; oral sucker, length,
0.385 mm., breadth, 0.49 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.30 mm., breadth, 0.20
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.50 mm., breadth, 0.64 mm.; intestines
voluminous.
Two, immature, collected July 2, 1910; length, 4 and 5 mm., respec-
tively; breadth,1 mm. Single excretory vessel from posterior end to
a point about halfway between the ventral sucker and the posterior
end, there dividing into two lateral branches which were traced to the
anterior sucker, but were not seen to unite.
Three, immature, collected July 29, 1910; length,5 mm. A num-
ber of cysts, on and in the stomach wall, most of them containing
larvae of the cestode Rhynchobothrium imparispine, had been re-
moved from a goosefish. These distomes were found among this
material.
Eight, collected May 22, 1911; lengths in formalin, 3 to 6.5 mm.
Mr. Edwards’ notes do not state where these distomes were found in
the goosefish, but they resemble in every particular distomes from
cysts on the viscera.
Thirty, immature, collected April 10, 1913; in dark-brown cysts
in the stomach wall; cysts oval, 3.5 mm. in diameter, in formalin;
brown color due to degenerate tissue; worms plump, from 3 to 5 mm.
in length. Measurements in glycerin: Length, 3.12 mm., breadth, 0.87
mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.46 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.60 mm.
One, collected July 15, 1914, found by Dr. MacCallum on mesentery
of host.
Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8306), collected August 17, 1923, in cysts as-
sociated with cestode cysts. Measurements in balsam: Length, 10.5
mm., breadth, 1.65 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.66 mm., breadth, 0.74
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; diameter of
110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yor. 88
ventral sucker, 1.09 mm.; cirrus pouch, length, 0.23 mm., breadth,
0.21. mm.
Fourteen, immature, collected July 17, 1924, encysted in submucosa
of stomach, surrounded by black, granular pigment; some of them
rather active after liberation from cysts. Measurements, life, com-
pressed: Length, 8 mm., breadth, 1.40 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.67
mm., breadth, 0.53 mm.; pharynx, contracting and expanding, length
and breadth at time of measuring, about 0.28 mm.; ventral sucker,
length, 0.95 mm., breadth, 0.92 mm.
Two, immature, collected July 7, 1926, from cysts on viscera of host.
Seven, collected August 12, 1926, in dark-brown cysts in stomach wall.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.6 mm.; breadth, 1.61 mm.; oral
sucker, length, 0.53 mm., breadth, 0.56 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.28
mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.95 mm., breadth,
0.91 mm.; cirrus pouch, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.
Ratio of suckers, average of six in balsam: Oral sucker, length,
0.503 mm., breadth, 0.588 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.875 mm.,
breadth, 0.871 mm.
From rudderfish: One, immature, collected August 22, 1910; re-
corded here provisionally.
Note made at time of collecting: Length, 5 mm.; breadth, 1 mm.;
thickish, white, smooth, nearly linear, bluntly tapering at each end;
dark intestine showing through body wall; black contents of excre-
tory vessel pressed out at excretory pore when cover glass was placed
on specimen; genitalia not developed. Measurements in balsam:
Length, 4.34 mm., breadth, 0.70 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.30 mm.,
breadth, 0.838 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.25 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.;
ventral sucker, length, 0.46 mm., breadth, 0.53 mm. The intestines
extend to the posterior end; no trace of genitalia.
Family HEMIURIDAE Looss, 1907
Subfamily SCLERODISTOMINAE Odhner, 1927
Genus HIRUDINELLA Blainville, 1824
HIRUDINELLA FUSCA (Bosc)
PLATE 12, Figures 134-144; PLAte 13, Fiaures 145-157
Distomum clavatum Rudolphi, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 539,
540, pl. 53, figs. 8-11 (from Xiphias gladius), 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm.
for 1899, p. 445 (from Thunnus thynnus), p. 448 (from Xiphias gladius),
1901.
Distomum lageniforme LInTon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 524, 525, pl. 47,
figs. 1, 2, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, from Remora remora, prob-
ably belongs here.
Distomum fuscum Poirier (Bosc), Miuiscutae, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 37, pp. 217-
232, pl. 9, figs. 4-7, 8 figs., 1914.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 111
Hirudinella clavata (Menzies), Cooper, Trans. Roy. Soc., Canada, ser. 3, vol. 9,
p. 186 (from Thunnus thynnus), 1915.
Hirudinella fusca (Poirier, 1885), MANTER, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, no. 2, pp.
104-107, figs. 75-79 (from Xiphias gladius), 1926.
Large distomes belonging to the group represented by Déstomum
clavatum Rudolphi are here considered. The anatomy of these dis-
tomes, so far as it is shown by sectioned material from the swordfish,
horse mackerel, and cutlassfish, is in general agreement with Manter’s
excellent description of . fusca (Poirier) from the swordfish.
Externally the distomes from the swordfish exhibit some fairly
constant differences from those of the horse mackerel. ‘Thus, in dis-
tomes from the swordfish, the neck in alcoholic specimens is usually
arched and slender, the body somewhat elongated, increasing in
diameter from the ventral sucker toward the posterior end, then
tapering quickly and rather coarsely wrinkled (fig. 184). In dis-
tomes from the horse mackerel the neck is very short, conical, and
reflected dorsally ; body, in most cases, cylindrical and crossed by fine
wrinkles (fig. 185). Forms more or less intermediate, however, occur
among the distomes from each host.
These distomes agree in having the opening of the metraterm
behind the genital papilla. The latter is a very muscular structure
and in some cases was found to be protruding from the genital pore
(fig. 188). A large prostate accompanies the more or less coiled or
folded ejaculatory duct, and is followed posteriorly by the seminal
vesicle, which is also more or less coiled or folded. The two testes
are close to the posterior border of the ventral sucker, close together,
and diagonally placed. The ovary is immediately behind the testes,
and the shell gland is posterior and ventral to the ovary. The
tubular vitellaria and folds of the uterus extend from the ventral
sucker about halfway to the posterior end of the body. An interpre-
tation of the genital ducts, associated with the shell gland, as shown
in serial sections of a distome from the swordfish, is given in figures
151-153. Laurer’s canal approaches the shell gland at its anterodorsal
border near the ovary. It enlarges to form a relatively small seminal
receptacle, which has the appearance of being divided into five or six
compartments. This may represent the more or less coiled portion
of the empty canal observed in sections of the distome from the cut-
lassfish (fig. 150). This observation was made on a series of frontal
sections of a distome which had been flattened at the time of fixation.
Laurer’s canal, in this series of sections, in its course to the dorsal
surface, lies near the posterior border of the second testis.
Structures from the subcuticular layer penetrate the cuticle (fig.
155). In one series of sections the cuticle was partly macerated and
presented the appearance of being finely papillate, or spinose.
Additional details given in notes under the several hosts.
112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88
Hosts.—Histrio pictus, rudderfish (Seriola zonata), horse mackerel
(Thunnus secundodorsalis), goggler (Trachurops crumenophthalma),
cutlassfish (Z7'richiurus lepturus), swordfish (Xtphias gladius).
Record of collections—One, immature (U.S.N.M. No. 8307), col-
lected September 5, 1919, from Histrio pictus. This specimen, when
first noted, had been cut into three pieces, one cut passing just behind
the genital pore, the other a short distance back of the ventral sucker.
The body was minutely and transversely wrinkled, and pinkish in
color. Aggregate length, before flattening under pressure, about 8
mm.; maximum breadth, 3.5 mm. Measurements in balsam: Length,
13.5 mm.; breadth at oral sucker, 1.54 mm., at ventral sucker, 2.31
mm., maximum breadth, at 3.5 mm. from the posterior end, 3.5 mm.;
oral sucker, length, 1.12 mm., breadth, 1.26 mm.; pharynx, length,
0.84 mm., breadth, 0.91 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 1.47 mm.;
distance between suckers, 2.5 mm. There is no prepharynx. The
pharynx tapers from a breadth of 0.9 mm. at its anterior end to about
0.6 mm. at its posterior end. Esophagus short; the voluminous
intestines reach to the posterior end. The genital pore is at the right
posterior edge of the pharynx. The genital papilla is about 0.7 mm.
in length and 0.5 mm. in breadth. The opening of the uterus is not
clearly shown, but it appears to be behind the genital papilla. The
testes lie near the posterior edge of the ventral sucker. The left
testis is subtriangular in outline. Its anterior border is practically
contiguous to the posterior edge of the ventral sucker, and its
median end on the median line. The right testis is bluntly slipper
shaped, its median end contiguous to the posterior median border of
the left testis. It is broader than long, and at its lateral end is pro-
longed anteriorly until it is nearly on a level with the anterior edge
of the left testis. ‘The ovary is a short distance behind the testes on
the median line. It is much smaller than the testes, subglobular,
and is surrounded by a rather thick wall. It is made up of a rela-
tively small number of large, nucleated cells. The rudiment of the
shell gland lies at the median and posterior border of the ovary.
The uterus, represented by a slender but well-defined tube, lies in a
tangled coil on the right side of the ovary, and passes in a wide
curve back to within 4 mm. of the posterior end, and forward between
the testes, and dorsal to the ventral sucker, toward the genital pore.
Certain slender, irregular, threadlike structures in the vicinity of
the ovary were noted. They may be rudiments of the vitellaria.
From rudderfish: One, collected September 19, 1912. Measure-
ments in formalin: Length, 12 mm.; breadth, 6 mm.; thickness, 5
mm. Neck and suckers pale, yellowish white; body darker and
crossed by transverse rugae (fig. 137).
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 113
From horse mackerel: Sixteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8310), collected
June 16, 1911. Note made on formalin material: Much variation in
size. Measurements, largest: Length of body, 17 mm., of neck, 5
mm.; diameter of body, 6.7 mm. Smallest, length of body 5 mm.,
of neck, 2.5 mm.; diameter of body, 2.25 mm. In all of these dis-
tomes both the body and neck were cylindrical, or nearly so, and
the neck was reflected nearly, and in some cases, quite at right angles
to the body, in most cases arcuate, but in some straight.
Four, collected June 28, 1911. Measurements in formalin:
Largest, length of body, 14 mm., of neck, 3 mm.; diameter of body,
3 mm.
Fourteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8310), collected August 8, 1913, from
stomach of host. Pale, translucent pink to brick red, with dark
brown intestines showing through the body wall; actively contract-
ing. Smallest, at rest, length about 15 mm., largest, 30 mm. When
placed in sea water they exhibited a tendency to adhere to each
other by their ventral suckers.
Two, collected July 31, 1914, in stomach of host.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8308), collected June 29, 1915. This specimen
stretched to a length of 40 mm. in sea water, and contracted to 20
mm. when placed in killing fluid. Measurements of a specimen
from the horse mackerel mounted in balsam: Length, 14 mm.;
breadth, 3.25 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.92 mm., breadth, 1.00 mm.;
breadth of pharynx, 0.56 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 1.82 mm.,
breadth, 1.78 mm. ‘The testes in this specimen, at the posterior edge
of the ventral sucker, are nearly transverse, their median ends touch-
ing each other; right testis, length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.84 mm.;
left testis, length, 0.56 mm., breadth, 0.84 mm.; each testis tapers
laterally from its median end. Ovary close to posterior edge of
testes, median, its anterior edge convex, posterior edge nearly
straight; length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.48 mm. The intestines are
voluminous, filled with dark-colored food material, and extend to
the posterior end of the body. In a series of cross sections (thick-
ness about 0.016 mm.) numbering about 776, the first trace of vitella-
ria is in the 237th section, and the last in the 538th. The voluminous
uterus, filled with enormous numbers of eggs, extends from a point
dorsal to the posterior edge of the ventral sucker, at about the 209th
section, to about the 510th section. Ova, about 0.086 by 0.024 mm.
The genital ducts associated with the shell gland agree closely with
the interpretation of sectioned material from the swordfish. In these
sections from the horse mackerel, however, the early folds of the
uterus contain sperm. The genital papilla, ejaculatory duct, pros-
tate, and metraterm in the distomes from the swordfish and horse
mackerel agree. In each the prostate is voluminous (figs. 138, 154),
15559940 8
114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
The genital pore, as shown in sections, is on a level with the
pharynx. In a series of cross sections of a distome in which the
genital papilla is retracted, the genital pore is ventral to the pos-
terior end of the oral sucker. It is small and occupies only three
sections (thickness of sections about 0.016 mm.). The genital atrium
is represented by a duct, vertical diameter 0.11 mm., transverse
diameter, 0.22 mm., which continues in 47 sections, when it expands
at the genital papilla. At the thirteenth section back of the first
appearance of the genital papilla, the metraterm, with its thick,
muscular wall first appears.
From goggler: One, immature (U.S.N.M. No. 8309), collected
August 17, 1913, from cyst on intestine. This distome, when re-
moved from the cyst, was subspherical, translucent, with a faint
tinge of pink; intestines dark brown.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.4 mm.; maximum breadth,
2.24 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.46 mm., breadth, 0.49 mm.; diameter
of pharynx, 0.28 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.74 mm., breadth, 0.88
mm. ‘The body is strongly contracted, and the voluminous intestines,
containing dark brown granular material, conceal whatever rudi-
ments of genitalia may be present.
From cutlassfish: One, collected July 1, 1903, from stomach of
host. Note on alcoholic specimen: Neck short, arched; body plump,
crossed by fine wrinkles; length, 17 mm.; breadth, 8 mm.; thickness,
6.5 mm.; breadth of neck at base, 4 mm., at level of oral sucker, 2.5
mm. Mr. Edwards reported that the worm when living was elon-
gated but contracted when placed in alcohol.
The anatomy, as revealed by a series of cross sections, agrees closely
with Manter’s description and figures of H. fusca. Details of the
genital ducts in the vicinity of the shell gland, as interpreted from
sections, are shown in figure 150. The ova are not of uniform size,
and are somewhat smaller than those in the distome from the sword-
fish and horse mackerel. The largest noted measured 0.036 by 0.027
mm.; average dimensions of eight of the larger ova were 0.028 by
0.021 mm.
The prostatic portion of the ejaculatory duct is nearly straight,
thus differing from the distomes of the swordfish and horse mackerel
in which it is more or less coiled. The ejaculatory duct, surrounded
by prostatic cells, enters the muscular genital papilla near the dorsal
side of the neck, extends back for a short distance, about 35 sections
of the series, along the dorsal region, then, at about section 130, turns
abruptly ventrad to the seminal vesicle at about the middle of the
length of the ventral sucker. The seminal vesicle, sections 115-158
of the series, is tubular and loosely coiled, as many as six divisions
of it appearing in a single section. The first (left) testis begins
dorsal to the posterior edge of the ventral sucker, and occupies sec-
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON Lb5
tions 202-242. The right testis lies close beside the left in sections
215-231. The ovary is subglobular and lies close to the testes on
their ventral border in sections 231-244. The tubular vitellaria ap-
pear in sections 197-804, which is from the posterior margin of the
ventral sucker to a point a short distance back of the middle of the
length of the body. The uterus, exclusive of the slender anterior
portion, metraterm, begins anteriorly dorsal to the posterior border
of the ventral sucker and extends back to about the middle of the
length of the body. Its voluminous folds are filled with enormous
numbers of small ova. The metraterm, opening behind the genital
papilla, at about section 80, passes back for a short distance on the
ventral side of the ejaculatory duct and prostate, as a muscular-
walled duct surrounded by gland cells. At section 113 it turns ab-
ruptly ventrad in front of a similar ventral turn of the ejaculatory
duct. At section 117 the metraterm, now near the dorsal border of
the ventral sucker, and with still a rather thick muscular wall, but
without gland cells, passes back as a straight duct ventral to the
seminal vesicle, to about the 193rd section, where it becomes convo-
luted, and is filled with ova. Ova occur also in the straight portion,
but not uninterruptedly.
This specimen was somewhat macerated, giving to the cuticle in
some places the appearance of being finely papillate.
From swordfish: Two, collected July 15, 1904, from stomach.
Length, 25 mm.; diameter of neck, 1.5 mm., of body at level of ven-
tral sucker, 4.5 mm.; maximum diameter, 6.5 mm. Color pink to
reddish, with dark blotches, due to contents of intestine; coarse
transverse wrinkles on ventral side of posterior half of the body.
While the specimen was under examination many elongated, cylin-
drical egg masses were ejected from the genital pore behind the oral
sucker; largest ova, 0.036 by 0.025 mm.
One, collected July 20, 1904, from stomach. General color brick
red, intestines showing as black lines. Neck very actively contractile,
changing rapidly from 2 to 10 mm. in length. The body did not
show much activity. Length, when fixed in alcohol, 8.5 mm.
Two, collected July 18, 1911, from stomach. Color of body
magenta, black intestines showing through body wall; neck paler,
oral sucker whitish. Specimen, after lying in sea water over night,
measured 28 mm. in length; body nearly cylindrical, 5 mm. in diame-
ter; neck actively extending and contracting, stretching to 9 mm. or
more, when it became quite slender.
Twenty-five, collected July 20, 1912, from stomach; pink to brick
red; length of largest in life over 30 mm. Largest in alcohol:
Length, 24 mm.; breadth, 7 mm.; thickness, 5.8 mm.; smallest, length,
11 mm.; breadth, 2.5 mm.
116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Twenty-two (U.S.N.M. No. 8312) collected August 8, 1927, from
stomach of host; 10 to 86 mm. in length; pale pink to brick red;
necks in some translucent; intestine filled with black material.
Subfamily DEROGENETINAE Odhner, 1927
Genus DEROGENES Liihe, 1900
DEROGENES VARICUS (Miiller)
PLATE 12, FicurREs 128-1383
Derogenes varicus (Miiller), Nrcotn, Parasitology, vol. 3, p. 3848, 1910.—MAnNTER,
a =i
Journ. Parasit., vol. 18, p. 17, 1925; Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, no. 2, p. 103,
fig. 57, 1926.—FUHRMANN, Handb. Zool., vol. 2, p. 109, fig. 133, 1928.
This species was found by Manter in 6 species of marine fishes.
Nicoll reports it from 19 species of British marine fishes. Although
recorded from a large number of hosts it is reported to occur only
in small numbers.
Three specimens, one from each of three species of fishes, in the
collection from Woods Hole fishes appear to belong to this species.
The anatomy is incompletely shown in each, but so far as it is shown
the agreement with this species is close.
Hosts—Common codfish (Gadus morrhua), flasher (Lobotes sur-
inamensis), fishingfrog (Lophius piscatorius).
Record of collections—One (U.S.N.M. No. 8313), from common
codfish, collected December 13, 1894, associated with 52 specimens of
Hemiurus levinseni. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.56 mm.;
breadth, 0.39 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.19 mm., pharynx, 0.09
mm., ventral sucker, 0.33 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.033 mm., shells thick;
distance from anterior end to ventral sucker, 0.77 mm., from posterior
end to ventral sucker 0.63 mm.; many of ova capped at one end.
From flasher: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8314), collected September 1,
1910. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.00 mm., breadth, at level of
ventral sucker, 0.53 mm., elsewhere from 0.28 to 0.42 mm.; oral sucker,
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm.,
breadth, 0.10 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.36 mm., breadth, 0.39
mm.; ova, average of ten, 0.051 by 0.036 mm., largest about 0.054 mm.
by 0.036 mm., shells thick; anterior end to ventral sucker, 0.98 mm.
There appears to be but one vitelline gland, posterior to the ovary on
the right side. The anterior end was very mobile in the living worm.
From fishingfrog: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8315), collected August 30,
1920. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.19 mm.; breadth, 0.36
mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.14 mm., pharynx, 0.06 mm., ventral
sucker, 0.28 mm.; ova, average of six, 0.047 by 0.032 mm., largest
0.054 by 0.039, shells thick; distance from anterior end to the ventral
sucker, 0.59 mm.; few ova capped.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON Diy
Genus GENARCHES Looss, 1902
GENARCHES MULLERI (Levinsen)
PLATE 22, FicuRES 298, 299; PLATE 23, FicurE 300
Distomum mulleri LEvINsEN, Overs. Danske Vidensk. Selks. Forh., 1881, p. 56,
pl. 2, fig. 3.
Progonus mulleri (Levinsen), Looss, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 12, p. 642, 1899.
Genarches miilleri (Levinsen), Looss, Zool. dahrb., vol. 16, p. 732, 1902—
OpuHNER, Die Trematoden des arktischen Gebietes, Fauna Arctica, vol. 4, pp.
365, 366, pl. 4, figs. 8, 9, 1905.
Three, fusiform, rusty, yellowish-red distomes from the lumpfish
are referred to this species. On account of the large number of eggs
in each of them, but few details of the anatomy can be made out.
The body is smooth, ventral sucker much larger than oral and situ-
ated about the middle, or a little back of the middle; pharynx much
smaller than the oral sucker; no prepharynx; esophagus very short,
genital pore median, at posterior end of pharynx; cirrus short,
smooth; cirrus pouch small, a little behind the pharynx; seminal ves-
icle posterior to the cirrus pouch; testes at posterior border of ventral
sucker, nearly opposite; vitelline glands two, subglobular, opposite,
near posterior end; ovary to right of median line at the anterior bor-
der of the right vitelline gland; seminal receptacle behind the ovary
and between the vitellaria. The thick-shelled ova fill the greater part
of the body from the posterior end to the genital pore. Ova, 0.048 to
0.054 mm. by 0.033 mm., in balsam.
TABLE 28.—Measurements of two specimens of Genarches miilleri in balsam
Measurement 1! 2?
Mm Mm.
Teng hes, EEO A Ce ALL A OCHA CHR B'S PRCA RS EEN Par he 2. 34 2. 52
Bure the sects bb sls oP Aan Rtas cee We ae BRD RE Ue git EP Die 2 7 66
Anterior ena tolventral sucker - oe oe ee ee . 94 1.17
Oralisnckerilength 5 seee oo sere ee 2d, eee ee eee eT eat. ye eee Pee .29 .24
Oralisuckersbreadther ee neste ee PE Ve SORE ra ree ee Ue ene oe _ . 29 31
IPhanynx lengths ee ib i ais 9 a ee ee ea ee ey 07 .07
Phan presathy (ie ees eye Vile Vetere ee ee ene tar A ae eed: .10
Mentralisuckerslongth ss: bese) aes bs aio 2. ee Eee . 49 42
Wentralisucker breadth is ases ic ee ak NB career ee .49 35
1 Ventral view. 2 Lateral view.
GENARCHES INFIRMUS, new species
PLATE 23, FIGURES 301, 302
Smooth, fusiform, greatest diameter about at level of ventral
sucker; neck somewhat elongated, ventral sucker, except when the
neck is contracted, being but little in front of the middle; oral
118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
sucker subterminal, with a tuberclelike prolongation of the body in
front; no prepharynx; pharynx about half the diameter of the oral
sucker, or less. In most cases the esophagus appeared to be shorter
than the pharynx, on account of the very contractile neck, but in the
specimen sketched, fig. 3801, the esophagus is longer than the pharynx,
and has rather thick walls. The genital pore is on the median line
behind the forking of the intestine; cirrus smooth; cirrus pouch
elongate, fusiform, enclosing cells of the prostate and, at its posterior
end, the seminal vesicle. The posterior end of the cirrus pouch is
at the anterior edge of the ventral sucker, or slightly overlapping
it dorsally. Testes near posterior edge of ventral sucker, diagonally
placed; ovary behind testes and in front of the two vitellaria, which
are near the posterior end, and transverse, or, In some cases slightly
diagonal. The uterus extends from the level of the vitellaria to the
ventral sucker; ova about 0.04 by 0.02 mm.
Tasty 29.—Measurements of five specimens of Genarches infirmus in balsam
Measurements i 2 3 4 5
Mm. Mm. | Mm. | Mm. Mm.
TCO PUN eee ee nnn se epee ne ee eee ape 2.00 1.89 1. 68 2. 00 eal
Breadth; level oforalisuckera= 255. ee sea . 08 =? 215 .14 15
Breadth; leveltof ventral /sueker-2 2 ara _f sees ees Pees «30 . 28 whe . 42 .35
Breadth; NosM Posterior. Cl Ges=-- 20s. =p ease oe ee eee - 08 .10 malS Stil . 08
Oral sucker Ven gti 2220s 2 Saha eae et LISLE en A ee eeaee SDA -15 12 14 12 md
Oralisucker, breadth... suse") 2b eases ately pk ee see . 14 a2 - 14 13 14
IPharynx, leno thease aorta ne eee eee Meee eee ose 07 . 06 . 06 . 06 -07
iPharynx} breadth yes. 3. Ss eee ee eee - 07 . 07 . 07 07 . 08
Mentralisiickerenethes 25 Ua sede ee ele ee . 29 21 . 26 . 24 . 29
Ventralisnckery bread tht oe oe apes ek ee .27 . 29 . 29 - 28 . 28
Ova, 0.036 by 0.018 to 0.042 by 0.021 mm.
Type specimens.—U.S.N.M. No. 8317 (holotype and paratypes).
Host.—Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha).
Record of collections —Kight (U.S.N.M. No. 8817), collected May
17, 1898, from stomach of young salmon. Pinole, San Pablo Bay,
California.
Six, collected November 17, 1898, from stomach of young salmon.
Battle Creek, California.
GENARCHES species
PLATE 23, FicuRES 303, 304
Body smooth, long oval-elliptical, not differing much in breadth
throughout, bluntly rounded at each end; ventral sucker approxi-
mately twice the diameter of the oral sucker; pharynx about half
the diameter of the oral sucker; no prepharynx; esophagus, if any,
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 119
very short; rami of intestine extend to posterior end of body. Gen-
ital pore behind oral sucker; cirrus pouch short, with thick walls,
partly overlapping anterior edge of ventral sucker ; testes obscured by
the ova, but appear to be not far back of the ventral sucker, and
nearly transverse; ovary behind testes, on right side of the median
line; vitellaria two, opposite, behind the ovary and near the posterior
end; ova scattered through the postacetabular region, from near the
posterior end to the ventral sucker; shells of ova not much collapsed.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.05 mm.; breadth, at level of
oral sucker, 0.21 mm., at level of ventral sucker, 0.38 mm., maximum
0.39 mm.; oral sucker, diameter, 0.17 mm.; pharynx, diameter about
0.07 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.34 mm.; ova,
average of 10, 0.040 by 0.023 mm.
Host.—Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha).
Two distomes (U.S.N.M. No. 8318) found on slide with specimens
of Genarches infirmus.
Measurements of smaller specimen: Length, 0.84 mm.; breadth, at
level of oral sucker, 0.15 mm., at level of ventral sucker, 0.28 mm.;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.12 mm., of pharynx, 0.06 mm., of ventral
sucker, 0.23 mm.; ova, 0.039 by 0.039 by 0.018 mm., to 0.042 by
0.021 mm.
Subfamily HEMIURINAE Looss, 1899
Genus HEMIURUS Rudolphi, 1809
HEMIURUS APPENDICULATUS (Rudolphi)
PLATE 8, Figures 68-74
Distomum appendiculatum Rudolphi, Linton, Bull, U. S. Fish Comm., for 1899,
p. 289, 1900; ibid., p. 415, 1901 (list of hosts with page references).
The small appendiculate distomes referred to this species have been
found in many species of fishes in the Woods Hole region.
Their frequent occurrence in young fishes which feed on the inter-
mediate hosts of this distome (copepods, etc.), and which themselves
in turn become the food of a variety of fishes, doubtless accounts for
the wide distribution of the species.
The following description from notes made on material from the
herring (Clupea harengus) applies in general to forms from other
hosts. Additional data will be found in the record of collections.
Body more or less fusiform, crossed anteriorly by fine lines produc-
ing serrate margins. These annulations are rather faintly shown on
many of the smaller specimens. So far as my material shows, the
appendix, when fully extended, is about half the length of the body.
The oral and ventral suckers are near together, and the diameter of
120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
the ventral sucker is about twice that of the oral. The diameter of
the pharynx is about half that of the oral sucker. There is no esoph-
agus, and the intestinal rami extend to the posterior end of the
appendix. The genital pore is at the posterior margin of the oral
sucker. ‘The seminal vesicle is behind the ventral sucker and in front
of the testes, which are near together and diagonally placed. The
ovary and vitellaria are situated toward the posterior end of the body
and are separated from the testes by folds of the uterus. The ovary
is more or less oval in outline, the longer diameter transverse. The
two vitellaria lie at the posterior margin of the ovary, and, so far as
observed in material from the herring, they appear to be but little
lobed. The folds of the uterus were observed to enter the appendix
for a short distance. The ova measure about 0.024 by 0.014 mm. in
the two principal diameters. In balsam mounts the ova are usually
collapsed and much crowded together.
Hosts—Filefish (Ceratacanthus schoepfi), menhaden (Brevoortia
tyrannus), common herring (Clupea harengus), round herring (Ltru-
meus sadina), common eastern stickleback (Gladiunculus bispinosus) ,
rudderfish (Palinurichthys perciformis), summer flounder (Para-
lichihys dentatus), pollack (Pollachias virens), glut herring (Pomo-
lobus aestivalis), hickory shad (Pomolobus mediocris), alewife (Po-
molobus pseudoharengus), winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes amer-
icanus), common mackerel (Scomber scombrus), rudderfish (Seriola
zonata), common scup (Stendéomus chrysops), striped anchovy (An-
choviella epsetus), lizardfish (Synodus foetens), canner (7 autogola-
brus adspersus), codling (Urophycis tenuis).
Record of collections —From filefish: One, collected August 7, 1905.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.54 mm.; breadth, 0.35 mm.;
diameter oral sucker, 0.06 mm., pharynx, 0.04 mm., ventral sucker,
0.15 mm.; ova, 0.021 by 0.012 mm.
From menhaden: One, coilected August 26, 1903; immature, very
active, length varying from 0.6 to 1.2 mm.; excretory vessel filled with
spherical bodies; seminal vesicle filled with sperm. One, collected
July 11, 1905; measurements in balsam: Length 1.18 mm., breadth
0.19 mm.; length of appendix, 0.45 mm.; diameter of oral sucker 0.06
mm., pharynx 0.04 mm., ventral sucker 0.11 mm.; ova about 0.024 by
0.012 mm.
From common herring: Two, collected August 14, 1905; length
0.8 mm.; ova 0.024 by 0.012 mm. One hundred and fifteen distomes
(U.S.N.M. No. 8319) collected July 1 to August 29, 1919, from 20
small fish, measuring from 40 to 85 mm. in length; smallest number
in one fish one, largest number in one fish 20; some adult with ova.
Three, collected July 17, 1920, from a 75-mm. fish. One, collected
July 17, 1920, from a 75-mm. fish. Two, collected August 17, from a
60-mm. fish.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON rai
From round herring: Small appendiculate distomes were found in
young round herring in 1908 on two dates in July and on five dates
in August. Ten distomes were obtained from 110 fishes. Six of
these distomes, all immature, belong to the species H. appendiculatus.
Measurements of one in balsam: Length, 0.58 mm.; breadth, 0.11 mm. ;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.03 mm., of pharynx, 0.015 mm., of ventral
sucker, 0.06 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8820).
From common eastern stickleback: One, collected July 20, 1910.
Measurements in life: Length, 1.68 mm.; breadth, 0.22 mm.; diameter
of oral sucker, 0.07 mm., of pharynx, 0.05 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.18
mm.; ova, 0.027 by 0.012 mm.
From rudderfish (Palinurichthys perciformis): Several (U.S.
N.M.) No. 8821), collected August 6, 1904. Measurements in
balsam: Length, including appendix, 1 mm., breadth, 0.17 mm.; di-
ameter of oral sucker, 0.05 mm., pharynx, 0.02 mm., ventral sucker,
0.09 mm.; ova, 0.02 by 0.01 mm.
Four, immature, collected August 19, 1929. (1) Measurements in
balsam, including appendix, 1.96 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; diameter
oral sucker, 0.04 mm., pharynx, 0.02 mm., ventral sucker, 0.07 mm.
(2) Length, 1.75 mm.; breadth, 0.50 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.2
mm., pharynx, 0.01 mm., ventral sucker, 0.04 mm.
From common mackerel: One, collected August 3, 1905.
From rudderfish (Seriola zonata): Two (U.S.N.M. No. 83827),
collected August 16, 1910. Measurements, balsam: Length, includ-
ing appendix, 1.47 mm.; breadth, 0.25 mm.; diameter oral sucker,
0.06 mm., of pharynx, 0.03 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.12 mm.; ova,
collapsed, about 0.024 by 0.012 mm. . 4 Vee ae eee tony fe ee - 08 .10 . 04 . 04 - 05 . 07
Wentralisucker, lengthn-2 <5 seis bon ee ~25 . 26 -19 . 24 .19 ~25
Wentralrsicken bread the =o oer en eee . 24 .21 .14 mold .18 22
Ova, 0.015 by 0.009 mm.
1 No. 1, ventral view, others lateral view.
From dollarfish: One, collected July 20, 1919, from a 12-mm. fish.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.7 mm.; breadth at level of ventral
sucker, 0.28 mm., behind ventral sucker, 0.22 mm.; diameter oral
sucker, 0.06 mm., pharynx, 0.04 mm., ventral sucker, 0.15 mm.; ova,
0.012 by 0.007 mm.
From common mackerel: Eight (U.S.N.M. No. 8361), collected
August 23, 1919, from a 16-mm. fish and ten from a 22-mm. fish.
Measurements, hfe: Length, 0.52 mm.; breadth, 0.25 mm.; diameter
oral sucker, 0.06 mm., pharynx, 0.04 mm., ventral sucker, 0.16 mm.;
ova, 0.015 by 0.009 mm.
One, collected August 28, 1919, from an 11-mm. fish; length, 0.33 mm.
Three from a 10-mm. fish. Measurements of one, life: Length,
0.45 mm.; breadth, 0.18 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.06 mm., ventral
sucker, 0.11 mm.; ova, 0.015 by 0.009 mm. Lobes of vitellaria
shghtly pyriform.
From puffer: Four, collected July 7, 1919, from a 10-mm. fish, two
from each of two 9-mm. fish, and two from a 7-mm. fish. Measure-
ments, life: Length, 0.98 mm., breadth, 0.40 mm.; diameter oral
sucker, 0.98 mm., pharynx, 0.05 mm., ventral sucker, 0.18 mm.; ova
0.015 by 0.010 mm.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 135
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8362), collected July 25, 1919, from a 7-mm.
fish. Lobes of vitellaria short, about as broad as long.
From cunner: One to five immature distomes, collected June 30,
1919, 0.27 to 0.46 mm. in length, from each of nine young cunners
from 9 to 15 mm. in length. One distome with ova from a 9-mm. fish.
Five, collected July 15, 1919, from a 10-mm. fish. Eight, collected
July 21, 1919, from a 12-mm. fish.
Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8363), collected July 25, 1919, from a 10-mm.
fish. Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.38 mm.; breadth, 0.24 mm. ;
diameter oral sucker, 0.07 mm., ventral sucker, 0.12 mm.; ova, 0.018
by 0.009 mm.
Twelve, collected August 21, 1919, from a 21-mm. fish, and one from
a 20-mm. fish.
One distome from the stomach of a small cunner was still apparently
in place in a copepod.
Average measurements of nine distomes from young cunners:
Length, 0.33 mm.; breadth, 0.19 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.06
mm., ventral sucker, 0.10 mm.
Note on a living specimen, July 15, 1919: Testes close behind ventral
sucker; ovary behind testes; vitellaria posterior to ovary, lobed in
manner characteristic of the genus Lecithaster; seminal receptacle a
little way behind level of testes, dorsal; seminal vesicle dorsal to ven-
tral sucker, ejaculatory duct surrounded by coarse prostatic cells;
cirrus not evident; intestines reach to near posterior end; folds of
uterus amid other organs, from posterior end to ventral sucker;
metraterm passing dorsal to ventral sucker to genital pore.
LECITHASTER GIBBOSUS (Rudolphi)
PLATE 11, FicuREs 125, 126
Distomum bothryophoron Olsson, Linton, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1899,
p. 437 (from Clupea harengus), 1901.
Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi), OpHNER, Die Trematoden des arktischen
Gebietes, Fauna Arctica, vol. 4, pp. 856-859, 1905.—Looss, Zool. Jahrb., vol.
26, pp. 164, 165, 1907.—Manrter, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 95, 96,
fig. 61, 1926.
Small distomes belonging to the genus Lecithaster, which agree
closely with this species, are recorded.
Hosts.—Silversides (Menidia notata), common scup (Stenotomus
chrysops).
_ Record of collections—From silversides: Distomum sp. recorded
from this host (Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 444, figs. 357, 358,
1901) probably belong here. Small distomes, collected August 11,
1919, noted while examining young silversides for their food. One
to nine found in each of six fishes, measuring 25 to 85 mm. in length.
136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Dimensions of one, life: Length 1.05 mm., breadth 0.3 mm.; diameter
of oral sucker 0.09 mm., pharynx 0.045 mm., ventral sucker 0.18 mm.;
ova 0.027 by 0.015 mm. One, collected August 19, 1919; dimensions
in balsam: Length 1 mm., breadth 0.21 mm.; diameter of oral sucker
0.1 mm., pharynx 0.056 mm., ventral sucker 0.15 mm.; ova 0.027 by
0.015 mm. The anatomy is indistinctly shown on account of the
uterus, which, crowded with ova, fills the greater part of the body;
lobes of vitellaria pyriform.
From common scup: Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8364), collected July 27,
1920. Measurements in balsam: (1) Length 1.26 mm., breadth 0.51
mm.; oral sucker, length 0.1 mm., breadth 0.15 mm.; pharynx, length
0.05 mm., breadth 0.06 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker 0.28mm. (2)
Length 1.09 mm., breadth 0.47 mm.; oral sucker, length 0.1 mm.,
breadth 0.13 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker 0.22 mm.; ova 0.032 by
0.018 mm.
The genitalia are obscured and more or less displaced by the accu-
mulation of ova. The intestinal rami extend to the posterior end, the
cells in their walls distinct; genital aperture ventral to pharynx;
genital sinus short; cirrus pouch in front of ventral sucker, inclosing
prostate and seminal vesicle; testes a short distance behind ventral
sucker, nearly transverse. Ovary not distinctly seen; in one specimen
it appeared to be behind the right testis, in the other behind the left.
The lobes of the vitellaria are long and fingerlike.
The largest ova noted were about 0.036 by 0.018 mm.; the smallest
0.024 by 0.015 mm.
Genus APONURUS Looss, 1907
APONURUS species
PrLaTe 12, Fieurr 127
Four small distomes from a specimen of Lobotes surinamensis,
September 1, 1910, are here recorded.
The distomes were somewhat macerated, and the anatomy is im-
perfectly shown in the mounted specimens. So far as the anatomy
can be made out these distomes appear to be near the species
Aponurus laguncula Looss (Zool. Anz., vol. 81, p. 608; Zool. Jahrb.,
vol, 26, p. 169, figs. 53, 54, 77, 78, 1907).
Body smooth, not differing much in breadth, bluntly rounded
posteriorly, slightly tapering anteriorly; ventral sucker much larger
than oral; genital pore ventral to pharynx; cirrus pouch short;
prostate and seminal vesicle at anterior margin of ventral sucker;
testes a short distance back of ventral sucker; ovary behind testes,
about middle of post-acetabular region; vitellaria of several distinct
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 137
lobes at posterior border of ovary. The lobes of the vitellaria ap-
peared to be distinct from each other, but were closely crowded to-
gether. Their exact number could not be determined, but there
appeared to be about six of them. The uterus, filled with small ova,
occupies most of the postacetabular region. The ova in three of
the mounted specimens agree in size, the maximum dimensions be-
ing about 0.024 by 0.012 mm. to 0.030 by 0.016 mm. In one of the
specimens the ova are smaller and somewhat irregular in shape, as
if defective, maximum about 0.015 by 0.010 mm.
Measurements, life: Length, 1.36 mm.; breadth, 0.40 mm.; di-
ameter oral sucker, 0.10 mm., pharynx, 0.06 mm., ventral sucker,
0.20 mm.; ova, 0.034 by 0.017 mm.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.12 mm.; breadth, 0.25 mm.;
diameter oral sucker, 0.09 mm., pharynx, 0.054 mm., ventral sucker,
0.16 mm.; ova, 0.030 by 0.016 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8365.)
Subfamily DINURINAE Looss, 1907
Genus DINURUS Looss, 1907
DINURUS PINGUIS, new species
PLATE 9; PLATE 10, Figures 97-100
Distomum grandiporwm Rudolphi, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp.
520, 521, pl. 44, fig. 9 (from Anguwilla rostrata), 1898.
Distomum rufoviride Rudolphi, ibid., pp. 512-517, pl. 42, fig. 14, pl. 43, figs.
14 (from Roccus lineatus), 1898.
Distomum tornatum Rudolphi, Linron, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p.
442 (from Fundulus heteroclitus), p. 444, fig. 310 (from Menidia notata),
p. 455 (from Roccus lineatus), 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, p. 355
(from Synodus foetens), p. 356 (from Tylosurus marinus), p. 399, fig. 156
(from Menticirrhus americanus), 1905.
The genus Dinurus was established by Looss in 1907 with D.
tornatus (Rudolphi) as the type species (Zool, Jahrb., vol. 26, p.
112, 1907).
The following description of the species is based on material
from Menidia notata. Further details are given under the record
of collections.
Body smooth, plump, more or less fusiform; suckers near to-
gether, the ventral much larger than the oral; pharynx nearly
spherical; prepharynx and esophagus none; intestinal rami extend
to posterior end of appendix. Genital aperture median at posterior
ventral margin of pharynx; cirrus and cirrus-pouch short; ejacula-
tory duct long, sinuous; surrounded by cells of prostate gland;
seminal vesicle behind ventral sucker, capacious, extending between
138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
the testes to a point a little in advance of the middle of the posterior
testis. The two testes are placed a little diagonally a short distance
behind the ventral sucker, round to subtriangular in outline, the
right testis a little in advance of the left. The ovary lies behind
the testes, is oval-elliptical in outline, its longer diameter transverse.
At its posterior border is the seminal receptacle, which is usually
spacious. The shell gland is situated behind the left ventral border
of the ovary to the left of the seminal receptacle. The vitellaria
tubular. There appear to be about three on each side. Anteriorly
they extend to about the level of the left testis and the posterior
border of the right testis, posteriorly they extend some distance back
of the ovary. The folds of the uterus in adult individuals are
voluminous, filling the dorsal region of the body from the ovary to
the ventral sucker, and behind the ovary to the appendix into which
they may press for a short distance. The accumulated ova may
crowd the testes forward to the level of the ventral sucker. The
excretory vessels are lateral from the ovary to the dorsal side of the
pharynx, where they unite. The lateral vessels at their posterior
ends unite on the dorsal side of the ovary and continue as a single
vessel to the posterior end.
Measurements of a specimen from Menidia notata, in balsam:
Length, 5 mm.; breadth at level of oral sucker, 0.85 mm., at ventral
sucker, 0.80 mm.; maximum breadth, at about middle of length, 1.40
mm., near posterior end, 0.85 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.21 mm.,
of pharynx, 0.14 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.46 mm.; right testis,
length, 0.44 mm., breadth, 0.44 mm.; left testis, length, 0.52 mm.,
breadth, 0.39 mm.; ovary, length, 0.35 mm., breadth, 0.52 mm.; ova,
about 0.018 by 0.012 mm.
Hosts——American eel (Anguilla rostrata), squeteague (Cynoscion
regalis), sea raven (emitripterus americanus), silver hake (Merluc-
cius bilinearis), silversides (Menidia notata), kingfish (Menticirrhus
sawatilis), toadfish (Opsanus tau), summer flounder (Paralichthys
dentatus), common gurnard (Merulinus carolinus), northern barra-
cuda (Sphyraena borealis), lizardfish (Synodus foetens).
Record of collections—From American eel: One, collected August
30, 1910; length, 7 mm.; breadth, 2 mm.; fusiform. One (U.S.N.M.
No. 8866), collected November 7, 1911; length, in formalin, 6 mm.
Four, collected November 21, 1912; 2.5 to 6.5 mm.
Some of the following notes were made on a collection of nine
distomes, measuring from 5 to 10 mm. in formalin, from the stomach
of an eel taken in Chesapeake Bay, October 31, 1921.
The body in general is fusiform, although presenting a variety of
shapes due to different degrees of contraction. Sagittal sections show
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 139
that the seminal vesicle extends diagonally between the testes from
near the ventral to near the dorsal surface. It may be displaced in
individuals which are gorged with ova so as to lie on the left side
of the ventral sucker. The testes are nearly opposite each other on
either side of the seminal vesicle. Sections show them to be slightly
lobed. In younger specimens the testes may lie behind the ventral
sucker at a distance equal to twice the diameter of the ventral sucker ;
in older specimens they may be crowded by the ova to either side of
the ventral sucker. The ovary is relatively large, median, imme-
diately behind the testes, extending farther ventrally than the testes.
The shell gland is at the ventral edge of the ovary. Behind the
ovary is the relatively large seminal receptacle. While the laterally
placed vitellaria are tubular, in one series of frontal sections, in addi-
tion to the tubular vitellaria there is a vitelline mass on the left side
0.56 mm. in length and breadth and 0.65 mm. in dorsoventral diam-
eter. In this specimen the ovary and testes are at the posterior border
of the ventral sucker. The posterior end of the seminal vesicle is
dorsal to the ovary and is crowded by the voluminous uterus to the
left side of the ventral sucker. In a specimen with relatively few ova
the distance from the ventral sucker to each testis and to the seminal
vesicle is 0.77 mm., to the ovary, 0.91 mm., to the seminal receptacle,
1.18 mm. In a specimen with very many ova the distance from the
ventral sucker to the left testis is 0.14 mm., to the seminal receptacle
0.42 mm.; the ovary, right testis, and seminal vesicle are contiguous
to the posterior border of the ventral sucker. Estimates made from
series of cross sections: (1) In a series, in which the ova had not
become crowded in the postacetabular region, the distance from the
ventral sucker to the seminal vesicle was 0.56 mm., and to the first
testis 1mm. (2) In a series in which the postacetabular region was
crowded with ova the anterior border of the first testis was 0.05 mm.,
and the anterior end of the seminal vesicle was 0.18 mm. in front of
the posterior edge of the ventral sucker. In a series of sagittal sec-
tions the ovary is 0.28 mm. in length and 0.42 mm. in dorsoventral
diameter, the seminal vesicle 0.77 mm. in length, the seminal
receptacle 0.28 mm. in length and 0.70 mm. in dorsoventral diameter.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 5.5 mm.; breadth, 1.75 mm.;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.28 mm., of pharynx, 0.16 mm., of ventral
sucker, 0.54 mm. ; distance between oral and ventral suckers, 0.24 mm.;
ova about 0.017 by 0.011 mm.
From squeteague: One, collected July 15, 1905, immature, en-
eysted in stomach wall of host; plump, fusiform, pinkish in color,
and surrounded by black pigment; only intestine, excretory vessels,
and retracted appendix could be distinguished: Length, 4.5 mm.;
probably belongs to this species.
140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
From sea raven: One, collected October 11, 1911. Measurements
in balsam: Oral sucker, length, 0.22 mm.; breadth, 0.25 mm.; pharynx,
length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.18 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.63 mm.,
breadth, 0.70 mm. Specimen contracted, intestines in dense coils at
posterior end; anatomy obscured by masses of ova.
From silver hake: One, collected October 31, 1911. In formalin,
body plump, nearly cylindrical; neck short, subcylindrical, curved
ventrad, concealing the ventral sucker; length, 4 mm.; diameter,
2mm. Measurements in balsam, appendix retracted: Length, 3.36
mm.; breadth, 1.54 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.28 mm., of phar-
ynx, 0.22 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.70 mm.; ova, 0.015 by 0.012 mm.
From silversides: Few, collected August 25, 1906. ‘Three, collected
August 10, 1910. One, collected August 11, 1910. Measurements, life,
compressed: Length, 5.36 mm.; breadth, 1.82 mm.; diameter of oral
sucker, 0.25 mm., of pharynx, 0.18 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.61 mm.;
ova, 0.018 by 0.012 mm.; folds of uterus voluminous. Two (U.S.N.M.
No. 8367), collected July 30, 1929.
From kingfish: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8368), collected August 28, 1928.
Thirty-four fishes, from 75 to 123 mm. in length, examined. Length,
in balsam, 8 mm.; maximum breadth, 2 mm. from anterior end, 1.82
mm., tapering to about 0.28 mm. near each end; diameter of oral
sucker, 0.18 mm., of pharynx, 0.14 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.49 mm;
distance from anterior end to ventral sucker, 0.42 mm.; ova about
0.015 by 0.012 mm., much crowded and difficult to measure.
From toadfish: Three, collected August 15, 1899. Flesh color, ex-
cept where the ova impart a yellowish tinge and the vitellaria a
brownish color; plump, and of exceeding diversity of shape; posterior
end with concentric wrinkles, often button-shaped. Body cylindri-
cal, neck conical and very extensible. In some cases the neck and ven-
tral sucker would be on a slender stalk, and the greater part of the
body gathered into a globular mass at the posterior end. Then, in a
few seconds, the worm would become nearly spherical. Length of
one at rest, 5 mm., diameter, 1.7 mm. Ina series of sagittal sections
the length is about 5 mm. and the diameter 1.5 mm.; the largest cross
sections measure 1.29 mm. in vertical and 1.23 mm. in transverse
diameter; oral sucker, length, 0.24 mm., diameter, 0.19 mm.; diam-
eter of pharynx, 0.15 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.49 mm.; ova, 0.018 by
0.012 mm.
From summer flounder: Three, collected October 1, 1903. Lengths
in formalin, 2.5 mm., 3 mm., and 3.5 mm.; diameter of neck, 0.7 mm.,
of body, 1.5 mm.; ova, 0.018 by 0.012 mm.
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8369), collected September 23, 1912. Length,
6 mm. in formalin.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 14]
From common gurnard: A distome, collected August 21, 1911, by
Dr. G. A. MacCallum, belongs here.
From northern barracuda: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8870), collected
August 31, 1903; four fishes examined. Measurements in balsam,
appendix retracted: Length, 3.86 mm.; breadth, 1 mm.; oral sucker,
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.18 mm.,
breadth, 0.14 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.48 mm.; ova, 0.018
by 0.012 mm. Testes about equal, diameter 0.54 mm.; ovary, length
0.35 mm., breadth 0.48 mm.; seminal vesicle, length 0.56 mm.,
breadth, 0.33 mm.
From lizardfish: Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8371), collected September
10, 1928; fifteen fish, 75 to 125 mm. in length, examined; fish seined at
Wareham.
TABLE 33.—Measurements of three specimens of Dinurus pinguis in balsam
Measurement 11 2 3
genoa ee, -2e8 2 eet a Be OEE PE PIE 3.15 5. 48 6. 86
PS TOA GE Me pee to S 8 ete OS 8 et sR en 1.18 1.93 1.93
OrSlsHCKOr MeUP Ge sna ao ee ee ee es OL eS ee Jeane alid RI . 24
Oralisucker,sprend th £22 23251 ee see Tes ee eed. 3 eee wal ned .36
BHA y PN XenlONO Mee a ne he ee sete Sees ek eee he ees etl eS SS ats 14 mk
PP RaTGVIX Drea tea see a rs he a ee Oe eee .13 14 . 20
WOntralesHCKeEA Ong tne | sseeet «St eee VES We ee ee eee . 42 - 63 .70
Wentralsnckerspread th: 2 8. 2526 8 52 8k a) he ee .42 . 56 . 63
1 No. 1, ventral view; Nos. 2 and 3, lateral view.
Ova crowded, collapsed, about 0.018 by 0.009 mm.
DINURUS TORNATUS (Rudolphi)
Distomum tornaium Rudolphi, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 513,
514, pl. 42, figs. 6-12 (from Coryphaena hippwrus), 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish
Comm. for 1899, p. 452, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 24, p. 373
(from C. hippurus), p. 3874 (from C. equisetis), 1905.
The posterior end of a distome (U.S.N.M. No. 8372) that had been
broken just behind the ventral sucker was obtained from a harvest-
fish (Peprilus paru) on July 24, 1908. The fragment was active,
anterior portion serrate; intestines and uterus extending nearly to
posterior end of appendix. Seminal vesicle large, diagonal, its pos-
terior end near anterior border of first testis; testes diagonal, touch-
ing each other, first testis triangular in outline, second elliptical,
length of each 0.32 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ovary a short distance
behind testes, length, 0.25 mm., breadth, 0.82 mm.; body of nearly
uniform diameter, 0.7 to 0.8 mm.; appendix, diameter at anterior end,
0.7 mm., tapering uniformly to posterior end. From anterior end of
fragment to seminal vesicle 0.4 mm., to first testis, 0.7 mm., to ovary,
142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88
1.4mm. One of the tubular vitellaria extends about 0.5 mm. into the
appendix, and the folds of the uterus reach to within 0.6 mm. of the
posterior end; ova, 0.013 by 0.009 mm. All measurements made on
specimen mounted in balsam.
A fragment, from harvestfish, collected August 7, 1908: Posterior
end, containing the ovary, vitellaria and folds of the uterus crowded
with ova. Length, 2.10 mm.; diameter, 0.77 mm.; ova, 0.015 by
0.009 mm. Two larval dibothria had penetrated the fragment,
length of each 1.20 mm., breadth, 0.19 mm.
Genus ECTENURUS Looss, 1907
ECTENURUS VIRGULA Linton
PLATE 8, Ficure 78
Ectenurus virgula Linton, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 183, pp. 638, 64,
fig. 148 (from Clupanodon pseudohispanicus, Tortugas, Fla.), 1910.
A distome (U.S.N.M. No. 8373), collected August 17, 1913, from
Trachurops crumenophthalma, is in close agreement with distomes
from the Spanish sardine, collected at the Dry Tortugas. The nuchal
eminence, which characterizes Looss’s genus H'ctenurus, cannot be
distinguished, but neither can it be seen in some of the Tortugas
specimens.
The body is transversely striate with sharply and rather coarsely
serrate margins. The diameter of the ventral sucker is about three
times that of the oral; pharynx subglobular. The neck is much
contracted, and the appendix is retracted. The genital aperture is
at the ventral margin of the oral sucker; cirrus pouch slender;
seminal vessicle divided into three compartments, one following the
other, and increasing slightly in size posteriorly, dorsal and poste-
rior to ventral sucker. The two testes lie near the posterior border
of the ventral sucker and are diagonally placed. The right testis is
close to the border of the sucker, and the left is contiguous to the
posteroventral surface of the posterior division of the seminal
vesicle. The ovary is larger than the testes and is contiguous to
the posterior border of the left testis. Length of first testis, 0.08
mm., breadth, 0.12 mm.; length of second testis, 0.08 mm., breadth,
0.15 mm.; length of ovary, 0.15 mm., breadth, 0.19 mm. Vitellaria
tubular, on right, left, and posterior sides of the ovary. The folds
of the uterus are mainly behind the ovary and vitellaria, filling the
space between the vitellaria and the base of the appendix. The
ova are small, collapsed, and crowded, and difficult to measure; about
0.016 by 0. 008 mm.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.4 mm.; breadth, 0.48 mm.;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.11 mm., of pharynx, 0.07 mm., of ventral
sucker, 0.80 mm.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 143
Genus LECITHOCLADIUM Liihe, 1901
LECITHOCLADIUM GULOSUM (Linton)
PuatTe 8, FicurEs 79-82
Distomum gulosum Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 454, figs. 315-
317, 1901.—NicoLL, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, p. 69, 1907.
Lecithocladium gulosum (Linton), Looss, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 26, p. 185, 1907.
One specimen from the chub mackerel was observed to have a dis-
tinct hump on the neck, thus resembling Z. cristatwm (Rudolphi),
but this nuchal hump may be due to contraction, since it is absent
from others which are mounted in a position to show the neck in
lateral view. There is no indication of the incised serrations char-
acteristic of Z. exciswm (Rudolphi).
TABLE 34.—Measurements of the seminal vesicle of Lecithocladium gulosum in
two series of cross sections and four series of sagittal sections
Measurements Cross Sagittal
Mm. | Mm. Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm.
WOnpt hes ree gs ele g 58 ees UES he ek 0. 42 0. 49 0. 46 0. 52 0. 53 0. 64
WaSIMIGiaMmOLene se sos see e ee ee eee ee .32 . 24 a!) . 28 silky) . 20
Maximum thickness of wall_......_.------------------ .10 . 08 . 08 . 06 -05 . 02
Taste 35.—WVeasurements of specimens of Lecithocladium gulosum in balsam
From From From
Measurements Poronotus Pneumato- Scomber
triacanthus phorus grez scombrus
Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm
TA GE scsees a eh pe elas ee AM bE RR a a eS es 8. 40 8.82 7.42 9. 42 6. 58 6. 02
read Uhh sacs. sees. Oyo epee et ee 1.14 1.16 .94 1,12 380) - 55
Gralisucker; length 26 ss eee Cis a a a ee ee - 46 51 46 . 56 .42 . 45
Oralisneker breag@thenae se eee ee ee 42 . 36 .39 . 52 +20 .33
Pharynx; 1eaethe ty lan ees ee ee ee eee -42 . 38 45 .49 .42 45
Bharyix: breaa thse =o te ee ees Pee 18 .19 =o) ae a mala,
WertralcsicCker MOneth 2 ses s-esee ue tee eee .40 - 42 .39 - 43 300 .34
Ventralisucker,, breadth... .£2 #2... 22-20 28228 -38 . 36 .39 -43 135 . 34
Neminalivesicle length.) 5). ee ee med ae mia 1.09 . 56 bd
seminal vesicle, Dreadtne =.= a oe eee sao . 25 Sol vou .18 o17
The ova in all the balsam mounts are crowded and collapsed, about
0.018 by 0.009 mm. Average of 10 specimens from P. triacanthus:
Length of oral sucker, 0.32 mm.; of pharynx, 0.29 mm.; of ventral
sucker, 0.20 mm. Average of 10 from P. grew: Length of oral
sucker, 0.28 mm.; of pharynx, 0.29 mm.; of ventral sucker, 0.23 mm.
Hosts.—Doliarfish (Poronotus triacanthus), chub mackerel (Pneu-
matophorus grex), common mackerel (Scomber scombrus).
144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
Record of collections—From dollarfish: Three, collected July 24,
1918. Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8374), collected July 25, 1918.
From chub mackerel: One, collected August 15, 1918, fragment,
suckers missing. Excretory vessel, dark brown, slender, extends
from posterior end to anterior edge of testes, where it divides into
two lateral vessels; length, 5 mm.
Twelve, collected August 19, 1918. Some of these are fragments
as on previous date. The suckers adhere to the mucous membrane
of the host and the worms have a tendency to break behind the ven-
tral sucker unless care is taken in removing them. Measurements,
life: Length, 6 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.48 mm., breadth, 0.38
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.20 mm.; diameter of
ventral sucker, 0.42 mm. Length very variable, depending on the
degree of contraction.
Fifteen and several fragments, collected August 31, ; very
extensible, some of them stretching to a length of 15 mm. or more.
Collection of August 22, 1910. Number not noted. Color of body
reddish, neck translucent-white, entire. Length as much as 6 mm.
Measurements, life: Length, 5.836 mm.; breadth, 0.87 mm.; oral
sucker, length, 0.58 mm.; breadth, anterior, 0.56 mm., posterior, 0.21
mm.; pharynx, length 0.56 mm., breadth, anterior, 0.21 mm., pos-
terior, 0.25 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.49 mm., breadth, 0.54 mm.;
ova, 0.02 by 0.01 mm.
Seventeen, collected August 18, 1920; various contraction forms,
with tendency to be somewhat swollen toward the posterior end when
the appendix is retracted. Seven (U.S.N.M. No. 8375), collected
July 21, 1928; actively contracting and extending, from 4 to 9 mm.
Five, collected August 6, 1928; 3 to 7 mm., translucent, reddish
yellow in region of uterus. One (U.S.N.M. No. 8376), collected
August 28, 1928. Six, collected July 6, 1929; 3 fishes examined.
Thirty-two, collected July 11, 1929; 3 fishes examined. Four, col-
lected July 29, 1929; 3 fishes examined. Twenty-eight, collected
August 19, 1929; 3 fishes examined.
From common mackerel: Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8877), collected
August 10,1906. Measurements, life: Length, 7 mm.; diameter, an-
terior, 0.37 mm., middle, 0.84 mm., thence tapering to 0.28 mm. or
less at the posterior end; oral sucker, length, 0.49 mm., breadth,
0.28 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.16 mm.; diameter of
ventral sucker, 0.35 mm.; ova, 0.02 by 0.01 mm.
CYST CONTAINING TREMATODE OVA
PLATE 11, Ficure 108
A cyst from the wall of the postbranchial chamber of a summer
flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), collected by Dr. C. W. Hahn, July
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 145
25, 1910, contains coils of the uterus of a distome. The specimen in
balsam measures: Length, 3.57 mm.; maximum breadth, about 1
mm.; ova, 0.024 by 0.012 mm. Portions of the uterus are filled with
ova, while other portions contain yellow, granular material, presum-
ably yolk granules. In some places this material is associated with
ova. The size of this fragment suggests a distome of the dimensions
of Dinurus pinguis, but the ova are distinctly larger than they are
in that species. (U.S.N.M. No. 8378.)
Family ACCACOELIIDAE Odhner, 1928
Distomes from the pelagic sunfish, I/ola mola, are here considered.
These are medium to large distomes with elongated and strongly
muscular bodies, in most cases smooth; neck short and often more
or less reflected dorsally; ventral sucker larger than oral, often pedi-
celled, thus causing the anterior end of the worm to appear to be
forked. Pharynx much smaller than oral sucker, usually long-pyri-
form; esophagus long, intestinal rami elongate with anterior diver-
ticula, giving to the intestine the characteristic H-shape. Excretory
vessel Y-form with short stem and short branches; genital pore ven-
tral, median, behind oral sucker; copulatory organ muscular; ejacu-
latory duct surrounded by prostatic cells; seminal vesicle tubular,
convoluted, usually entirely in front of ventral sucker, or dorsal to
it. Testes behind ventral sucker, close together, one following the
other. Ovary behind testes, median; shell gland at anterior edge of
ovary; no seminal receptacle, the sperm being stored in the early
folds of the uterus; vitellaria lateral variously distributed in the
different species; uterus voluminous, mainly behind the ovary; metra-
term with muscular walls, ventral to seminal vesicle and prostate;
ova numerous, small. The relative positions of structures, especially
at the anterior end, are subject to considerable alteration with vary-
ing contraction conditions.
The classification adopted by Odhner * has been followed:
Genus ACCACOELIUM Monticelli, 1893
ACCACOELIUM CONTORTUM (Rudolphi)
Distomum contortum (Rudolphi), Linton, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp.
528-530, pl. 48, figs. 3-7, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 466,
1901.—SUMNER, OSBURN, and Cote, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 31, pt.
2, p. 582, 1911.
Accacoelium contortum (Rudolphi), ODHNER, Zool. Anz., vol. 77, p. 172, 1928.
Anterior part of body covered with blunt, papillalike spines; pre-
pharynx protrudes into oral sucker, forming a conical papilla; geni-
144 Rhynchopharynz paradoza n. g., n. sp. nebst Revision der Accacoeliden von Ortho-
goriscus mola. Zool. Anz., vol. 66, pp. 167-175, 1928,
1555994010
146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
tal pore at level of posterior edge of oral sucker; copulatory organ
large; ejaculatory duct convoluted, surrounded by prostatic cells;
convoluted seminal vesicle, dorsal to ventral sucker; first testis some
distance behind ventral sucker; vitellaria mainly behind ovary.
Measurements made on a series of sagittal sections: Length, 10.00
mm.; maximum breadth, 1.60 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.70 mm.,
breadth, 0.91 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.;
ventral sucker, length, 1.19 mm., breadth, 1.40 mm.; anterior end to
posterior edge of ventral sucker, 3.78 mm.; anterior end to first
testis, 5.18 mm.; second testis to ovary, 0.56 mm.; ova, maximum,
about 0.033 by 0.021 mm.
TABLE 36.—Measurements of four specimens of Accacoelium contortum in balsam.
Measurement 1 2 3 4
eng thee oe nee es eee Seen Reena e anes e Ree e mee Sees 14. 00 15. 00 14. 00 15. 00
Maximum Dread thse ees ee ee ee Be Sen nee 1.00 2.00 1. 50 1.00
Oralisuckerjlenethe: ose eee ee ee oe eee tee ea anae . 50 .70 . 56 . 56
Oralisuckersbresath= 200s s-)— 2 ee ee aan en eeee . 38 .62 . 56 . 50
Pharynxv lengthy sss seer k a hens so ey see ae eee . 28 . 42 .35 . 28
Pharynx,breadine =. e222 a eee eae eke .14 . 16 - 16 .14
Ventral sucker, length: 2a02 2 44s Senco ee eae eee ene . 63 1,12 . 70 Erleh
Voentral’sticker; breadth... ssc. ce. 4 See ee ee ee .70 91 . 84 . 56
Length of ventral sucker and pedicel-_-_...---------------------- 1,68 1.05 1.33 2.10
Host.—Ocean sunfish (Mola mola).
Record of collections—A collection (U.S.N.M. No. 8379), of July
20, 1914. Number not recorded in notes. Heads and necks inserted
in mucous membrane of pharynx; body slender, cylindrical, tapering
to posterior end, yellowish. These worms were still active after lying
in sea water over night.
Twenty-five (U.S.N.M. No. 8380), collected September 3, 1925, in
one mass in pharynx of host. These distomes were found by Dr.
G. A. MacCallum while examining the gills of a sunfish.
Twenty-five, collected July 19, 1926, in anterior portion of alimen-
tary canal, and on gills.
Genus ACCACLADOCOELIUM Odhner, 1928
ACCACLADOCOELIUM MACROCOTYLE (Diesing)
Distomum macrocotyle Diesing, LINnTon, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 522,
528, pl. 45, figs. 8-10, pl. 46, figs. 1-5, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899,
p. 282, 1900; ibid., p. 466, 1901.—SumNner, OsBuRN, and CoLr, Bull. U. S. Bur.
Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 583 1911.
Accacladocoelium macrocotyle (Diesing), ODHNER, Zool. Anz., vol. 77, p. 172
1928.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 147
Smooth; genital pore at posterior edge of oral sucker; copulatory
organ short, ejaculatory duct not much convoluted; prostate large;
convoluted seminal vesicle at anterior dorsal border of ventral sucker ;
first testis usually near ventral sucker; vitellaria extend from oral
sucker to ovary; ova about 0.024 by 0.018 mm.
Measurements, balsam, lateral view: Length, 13.00 mm.; maximum
breadth, 1.54 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.61 mm., breadth, 0.56 mm. ;
ventral sucker, length, 1.88 mm., breadth, 1.30 mm.; anterior end to
posterior border of ventral sucker, 3.24 mm.; anterior end to first
testis, 8.15 mm.; second testis to ovary, 0.21 mm.; ovary to posterior
end, 6.30 mm.
Measurements made on a series of sagittal sections: Length, 10.00
mm.; maximum breadth, 1.26 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.50 mm.,
breadth, 0.50 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.30 mm., breadth, anterior, 0.08
mm., breadth, posterior, 0.15 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 1.20 mm.,
breadth, 1 mm.; anterior end to posterior border of ventral sucker,
3.85 mm.; anterior end to first testis 3.85 mm.; second testis to ovary,
0.40 mm.; ovary to posterior end, 4.12 mm.; copulatory organ, re-
tracted, length, 0.24 mm., breadth, 0.07 mm.
Host—Ocean sunfish (J/ola mola).
Record of collections —Eleven (U.S.N.M. No. 8381), collected July
20, 1914, from intestine of host; fusiform, elongate posteriorly ; trans-
lucent; intestine dark brown; uterus greenish yellow. A number of
these distomes were clinging to cestodes (Ancystrocephalus micro-
cephalus); maximum length, compressed under cover-glass, about
18 mm.
Fourteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8382), collected September 3, 1925, from
intestine of host; 20 mm. in length, in alcohol.
Genus ACCACLADIUM Odhner, 1928
ACCACLADIUM SERPENTULUS Odhner
Distomum nigroflavum Rudolphi, Linton, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 530,
531, pl. 48, figs. 8-11, pl. 49, figs. 1, 2, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899,
p. 282, 1900; ibid., p. 406, 1901—Sumner, OspurN, and Cots, Bull. U. S. Bur.
Fisheries, p. 31; pt. 2, p. 583, 1911.
Accacladium serpentulus ODHNER, Zool. Anz., vol. 77, pp. 173-174, fig. 3, 1928.
Nearly smooth, but with a few minute, scattering papillae at the
anterior end. There is a blunt papilla in the oral sucker at the
entrance of the prepharynx. Genital pore some distance back of
posterior edge of oral sucker. In a series of sagittal sections, distance
between oral and ventral suckers about 2 mm.; the genital pore is
about 0.5 mm. back of the oral sucker. Copulatory organ rather
large; in a series of sagittal sections, length, 0.70 mm., diameter, 0.14
mm., tapering to 0.07 mm. at its anterior end. The prostate is well
148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von, 88
developed. In a specimen mounted in balsam, copulatory organ
everted, the length of the prostate is 0.70 mm., its diameter 0.14 mm.,
ejaculatory duct somewhat convoluted. In a series of sagittal sec-
tions, copulatory organ retracted, the length of the prostate is 0.56
mm., diameter, 0.50 mm.; ejaculatory duct much convoluted. Seminal
vesicle tubular, convoluted, dorsal to and behind ventral sucker; first
testis some distance back of ventral sucker; folds of uterus behind
ovary and also between ventral sucker and first testis; vitellaria
behind ventral sucker, extending nearly to ovary. Ova, 0.027 by
0.019 mm. to 0.03 by 0.021 mm.
Measurements, balsam, lateral view: Length, 12.00 mm., maximum
diameter, 1.12 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.70 mm., breadth, 0.63 mm.;
pharynx, length, 0.85 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, 0.91
mm., breadth, 0.63 mm.; anterior end to posterior border of ventral
sucker, 2.38 mm.; anterior end to first testis, 3.36 mm.; second testis
to ovary, 0.28 mm.; ovary to posterior end, 4.42 mm.
Host.—Ocean sunfish (Mola mola).
Record of collections—HEHleven (U.S.N.M. No. 8883), collected
July 20, 1914, from intestine of host.
One, collected September 3, 1925, from intestine of host. Length
of neck, 4 mm., length of body back of ventral sucker, 40 mm.;
length of ventral sucker and pedicel, 3 mm.
Several, collected July 19, 1926, found in intestine of host; num-
ber not recorded.
Thirteen, collected July 18, 1927, in intestine of host.
Genus OROPHOCOTYLE Looss, 1902
OROPHOCOTYLE FOLIATA (Linton)
Distomum foliatum Linton, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 532-584, pl. 50,
figs. 1-3; pl. 51, figs. 1-4, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 282,
1900; ibid; p. 466, 1901—SumMNeR, OsBuRN, and Corer, Bull. U. S. Bur.
Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 583, 1911.
Orophocotyle foliata (Linton), Looss, Centralb]l Bakt., Parasit., vol. 31, p. 644,
1902.—OpuHNrFR, Zool. Anz., vol. 77, p. 175, 1928.
Odhner * is of the opinion that Monticelli’s Distomum calyptroco-
tyle is the immature form of D. foliatum.
Smooth; ventral sucker with accessory lobes, often pedicelled,
much larger than oral; genital pore a short distance behind oral
sucker; copulatory organ short; ejaculatory duct rather short, con-
voluted; prostate not large; convoluted seminal vesicle in front of
ventral sucker, some of its folds dorsal to prostatic portion of
ejaculatory duct. First testis, in some cases near, even on a level
15 Zool. Anz., vol. 38, p. 525, 191135 vol. 77, p. 175, 1928.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES-——LINTON 149
with the ventral sucker, in others at a considerable distance behind
the ventral sucker, with numerous folds of the uterus between
testis and ventral sucker; vitellaria in neck and extending from the
oral sucker to the testes, vitelline ducts continuing to the shell gland.
Ova, maximum in balsam, 0.030 by 0.018 mm. to 0.033 by 0.021 mm.
TABLE 37.—Mecasurements of five specimens of Orophocotyle foliata
Measurement ies 21 31 4: 52
Monet htee te eh a te ae Se ee THLOON 16200514200) | ae ee ee
IViaxaIM TIMED TOA Gili aoe ey erye ae an mene eee ae eee . 84 fob PSA Ail [eee Uy ta ads neh
Oralisuckersloneth y= 2202 5 ee aE eh eee eee we eee oe aeet . 53 . 67 72 0. 52 0. 63
Oralisneker breadth: 3s sie ee ee ee .49 .74 .35 21 39
IP DAG VIXS ONG tree ek eee Be ee oe en See ee .28 44 ,42 . 00 . 42
IBhanynxyAbreadtube pac eeeet eres MES Tes Eee Oee S1ek Oya ee Se ee 16 221 .16 15 5233}
Ventral sickersleno thie: se ae ete ey eS See 1.33 1.40 133 | eee Se cae eae
Wentralsiicker sDreaGth. grate nos ate alee vee eae See .70 . 70 Le 50h |e |
Length ventral sucker and pedicel__._-.__.__._._------_------- 1.96 deaz QE1Oe| Sah ees Se
1 Tn balsam. 2 Sagittal sections.
Host.—Ocean sunfish (Mola mola).
Record of collections—Several (U.S.N.M. No. 8384), collected
July 20, 1914, from intestine of host.
Kight (U.S.N.M. No. 8385), collected September 3, 1925, from
intestine of host; lengths 8 to 22 mm.
Twenty-seven, collected July 19, 1926, from intestine of host.
Family DIDYMOZOONIDAE Monticelli, 1888
Genus DIDYMOZOON Taschenberg, 1878
DIDYMOZOON SCOMBRI Taschenberg
PLATE 23, FicuRES 305-509
Didymozoon scombri Taschenberg, ODHNER, Surtrych ur “Zoologische Studien”
tillagnade T. Tullberg, pp. 311-328, text figs. 1, 2, pl. figs. 1-11, 1907.
A tangled mass of trematodes (U.S.N.M. No. 8386), found in the
intestinal wall of a butterfish (Poronotus triacanthus), July 24,
1918, was straightened out on a slide and fixed under slight pres-
sure. The entire lot consists of seven individuals, aggregate length
in alcohol 264 mm. Length of one of the longest specimens in
balsam, 40 mm.; breadth near oral sucker, 0.53 mm., elsewhere from
0.18 to 0.52 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.23 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm. In
another, diameter of oral sucker, 0.29 mm.; breadth near oral sucker,
0.63 mm., for the first 2 mm. of the length; elsewhere the breadth
varies from 0.28 to 0.385 mm.; rami of the intestines could be traced
for a short distance but were soon hidden by the uterus. In one
specimen, approximately 40 mm. in length, the anterior end of the
150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88
first testis was about 1.6 mm. from the anterior end. The tubular
ovary began near the testes and continued in the germ duct which
ended at the shell gland, about 15 mm. from the anterior end. The
tubular vitelline gland extended from the shell gland to the posterior
end. The uterus, lying mainly in two longitudinal folds, fills the
body in most cases from near the oral sucker to the posterior end.
The uterus and ejaculatory duct appeared to open at the posterior
margin of the oral sucker in one; while in another the uterus can
be traced to the right anterior ventral margin of the oral sucker,
thence it appears to cross over to the left anterior border. In an-
other the uterus opens at the ventral edge of the oral sucker a little
to the left of the median line. In another the uterus opens on the
median line at the anterior ventral border of the oral sucker. Where
best shown the opening of the uterus is slightly prominent, as a very
low rounded papilla at the ventral border of the oral sucker.
There is much variation in the testes. In general the right testis
is considerably in advance of the other. Thus, in one the left testis
is much smaller than the right, and its anterior end is about on a
level with the posterior end of the right testis. Each is elongated
and more or less convolute-lobed. In another the relative positions
are about the same but the second, or left, testis is larger than the
first. In another the testes are nearly opposite, as figured by Odhner.
In another they are opposite and very much reduced in size. In this
specimen the uterus exhibits regional inflations as in Odhner’s figure
(1. ¢., fig. 8).
DIDYMOZOON SARDAE (G. A. and W. G. MacCallum)
PLATE 23, FiecuRE 310
Koellikeria sardae G. A. and W. G. MacCatium, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 39, pp. 161-166,
figs. 11-16, 1916.
Following is a record of collections of this trematode which were
made by Mr. Edwards and myself. So far as details of the anatomy
are shown in mounted material they agree with the description of the
species given by the MacCallums. In one of the specimens mounted
in balsam the intestine is seen to divide at about the middle of the
length of the testes, or 2.8 mm. from the anterior end. The esoph-
agus 1s conspicuous, being surrounded by a thick wall of cells, while
the walls of the intestine are exceedingly thin.
Host—Bonito (Sarda sarda).
Record of collections—F¥our, collected July 7, 1903, by Vinal N.
Edwards, from gills of one fish.
Measurements in formalin: Largest cyst, length, 12 mm., breadth,
3.5 mm.; smallest cyst, length, 7 mm.; breadth, 4.5 mm. Two worms
from largest cyst measured 34 and 37 mm. in length, respectively;
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 151
maximum breadth, 0.9 mm.; necklike portion at anterior end, length,
6.5 mm.; breadth, 0.45 mm.; diameter at anterior end, 0.33 mm.;
diameter of oral sucker, 0.26 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.21 mm., breadth,
0.15 mm.; ova, 0.014 by 0.011 mm. Worms from smallest cyst of
practically the same dimensions as those from largest cyst.
Two cysts from one of three fishes examined August 18, 1903.
One fish examined on August 19, two on August 20, and one on
August 24; no cysts found. Length of cyst, 10 mm.; diameter, 3
mm. Two worms from each cyst, measuring 50 mm. in length in sea
water. Walls of cyst transparent; color of worms yellow, due to ova
in the voluminous folds of the uterus; neck translucent, bluish-white,
traversed by a yellow line, the metraterm. Measurements, life: Oral
sucker, length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.20 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.17
mm., breadth, 0.15 mm. Three cysts from gills, two worms in each
cyst, collected by Vinal N. Edwards September 22, 1903.
Six cysts from gills, collected June 17, 1904, by Vinal N. Edwards;
long oval-elliptical, length 10 mm., diameter, 3.5 mm.
Cysts from gills. Edwards examined the gills of 100 bonitos on
August 31, 1904, and found about 10 out of every 12 infected, with
2 and 8 cysts on each infected fish.
One cyst collected July 8, 1905, from gills containing two worms,
one 50 mm. in length, the other slightly less.
Gills of bonito were examined on six dates, August 10 to 27, 1906,
no cysts found.
Three cysts from gills (U.S.N.M. No. 8387), two worms in each
cyst, collected August 3, 1908. These were younger stages than any of
those hitherto recorded. One of them was examined while it was still
active. Length of esophagus about 2.5 mm.; intestinal rami extend
to the posterior end, and in places contained orange-colored granular
material. The anterior end of the uterus, metraterm, was nearly
straight, lay beside the esophagus and opened at the junction between
the oral sucker and pharynx; ova, 0.014 by 0.009 mm., yellowish, but
with moderately high magnification, both by transmitted and reflected
light, they appear to be faintly greenish. In another specimen,
length, 18 mm., neck slender, length, 3.5 mm.; anterior end white, re-
mainder of body lemon yellow, due to ova; rami of intestine con-
voluted; neck very contractile; oral sucker and pharynx each oval-
elliptical in outline, and of about the same size, 0.015 to 0.016 mm. in
diameter; neck very changeable, varying in diameter from 0.2 to 0.7
mm.; movements of body back of neck very slight; diameter of body
from 0.8 to 1 mm., tapering to posterior end. In another specimen
the pharynx was much smaller than the oral sucker and appeared to
be rather thin-walled and collapsed. In this specimen the neck was
contracted so as to throw the esophagus into a number of crowded
152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
folds which would have been difficult to interpret if other specimens
had not been at hand. The vas deferens was traced into the neck
where it lay ventral to the esophagus and the right of the uterus.
Some small, yellowish masses, collected June 27, 1910, encysted on
the viscera proved to contain trematode ova, 0.017 by 0.010 mm., asso-
ciated with granular material. The ova resemble those of trematodes
from the gills of the bonito.
Slender, filiform fragments collected by Dr. C. W. Hahn, July 21,
1911, under the mucous membrane of the inner wall of the gill cham-
ber, also fragments from a cyst. These fragments are narrow and
ribbonlike; ova, 0.015 by 0.009 mm.
DIDYMCOZOON species
PLATE 28, Fiaures 311-314
Following are records of trematodes probably to be referred to this
genus but which do not present sufficient characters to admit of specific
determination.
Hosts—F¥rigate mackerel (Auwxis rochet), chub mackerel (Pneu-
matophorus grex), common mackerel (Scomber scombrus), rudderfish
(Seriola zonata).
Record of collections—Cyst on gills (U.S.N.M. No. 8388), collected
July 12, 1912, from frigate mackerel; length, 4 mm.; diameter, 1.5
mm. The cyst contained portions of uterus and vitellaria; ova with
rather thin shells, much crowded, about 0.018 by 0.009 mm. ‘The speci-
men was doubled on itself and represented a length of about 6.65 mm.,
breadth, 0.63 mm.
From the chub mackerel (fig. 313): A small yellow cyst, collected
August 15, 1908, in muscle tissue beside the anal aperture of the host.
Three yellow cysts, collected in August, 1908, from gills of one fish,
and one from another (U.S.N.M. No. 8389). These cysts contained
slender trematode fragments filled with ova about 0.012 by 0.006 mm.
Fragments mounted in balsam aggregate about 25 mm. in length,
and vary in breadth from 0.05 to 0.26 mm. One specimen complete,
length about 18 mm., breadth varying from 0.05 to 0.28 mm.; oral
sucker, terminal, about 0.07 mm. in diameter; pharynx not distinct,
being hidden by ova.
From common mackerel (figs. 311, 312): Two yellow, globular
cysts on pyloric caeca (U.S.N.M. No. 8390), collected August 10,
1906. One cyst contained a threadlike trematode, broken into frag-
ments which aggregated a length of about 180 mm., and, for the
most part, 0.07 to 0.14 mm. in breadth; ova, 0.014 by 0.008 mm. Two
heads were found. Diameter at anterior end, 0.14 mm., at 0.28 mm.
from anterior end, 0.29 mm., at 1 mm. from anterior end, 0.15 mm.
The second cyst contained a large number of eggs. These frag-
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 153
ments were mounted in balsam but the slide does not appear to have
either of the heads.
From rudderfish (fig. 314) : Twelve (U.S.N.M. No. 8391), collected
September 12, 1928. Slender distomes firmly attached to the mucous
membrane of the stomach; there was some inflammation at the point
of attachment. Many fragments were obtained and mounted in
balsam. Maximum diameter, 0.25 mm. In addition to folds of the
uterus crowded with ova there are remnants of tubular vitellaria.
The ova are rather elongate, more or less collapsed, from 0.024 by
0.010 to 0.027 by 0.012 mm.
Genus WEDLIA Cobbold, 1860
WEDLIA BIPARTITA (Wedl)
PLATE 23, Figures 315-317; PLate 24, Ficure 318
Wedlia bipartita (Wedl), ODHNER, “Zoologische Studien” tillagnade Prof. T.
Tullberg, pp. 323-892, pl. figs. 12, 13; text figs. 3-6, 1907.—FuHRMANN,
Handb. Zool., Kiikenthal-Krumbach, vol. 2, pp. 64, 65, 73-75, figs. 85, 97, 1928.
Koellikeria (Didymozoon) thynni Taschenberg, G. A. and W. G. MAcCarLum,
Zool. Jahrb., vol. 39, p. 144, 1916.
For the older literature see Stiles and Hassall, Hygienic Lab. Bull. No. 37,
1908: Didymocystis wedlei Ariola, p. 152; Didymozoon thynni Taschenberg,
p. 158; Monostomum bipartitwum Wedl, p. 310; Wedlia bipartita (Wedl,
1844), p. 383.
Following are brief notes on encysted trematodes from the horse
mackerel (Zhwnnus secundodorsalis) :
Record of collections—Thirty or more (U.S.N.M. No. 8392), col-
lected July 31, 1914. These were first noted as small yellow spots
among the intestinal villi. Later three larger cysts were found
among the pyloric caeca. The egg-filled portion of one of these
trematodes which was removed from its cyst measured 1.45 mm. in
length and 1.71 mm. in breadth. A protruding anterior end meas-
ured 0.45 mm. in length; breadth, anterior, 0.30 mm., posterior, 0.03
mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.15 mm., breadth, 0.12 mm.; no pharynx
noted. Ova, 0.021 by 0.014 mm.
Another, an immature specimen, was somewhat dumbell shaped.
Measurements: Length, 1.24 mm., breadth of anterior potrion, 0.30
mm., of middle portion 0.04 to 0.07 mm., posterior portion, 0.48 mm. ;
oral sucker, length, 0.10 mm., breadth, 0.09 mm.; pharynx, length,
0.04 mm., breadth, 0.02 mm.
Among the numerous specimens in the collection mounted in
balsam is one in which the anterior ends of two trematodes protrude
side by side from the oblong massive portion in which only folds of
the uterus, crowded with ova, and a few portions of the tubular
vitellaria can be made out. In one of these the uterus, and in the
other the ejaculatory duct can be seen, each opening at the posterior
154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88
border of the oral sucker. In addition to the uterus and vitellaria,
two small, deeply staining bodies, opposite each other and situated
at the margin, a little in front of the middle of the length of a flat-
tened specimen, were interpreted as the testes, and another on the
median line, a little back of the middle, as the ovary. No pharynx
can be made out satisfactorily in this specimen, although a faint in-
dication of one appears in the head of the female. Another speci-
men with a reniform massive portion containing the uterus, etc., also
has two protruding heads side by side. These differ considerably in
size. Measurements of female: Breadth at level of oral sucker, 0.18
mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.075 mm., breadth, 0.090 mm. Measure-
ments of male: Breadth at level of oral sucker, 0.06 mm.; oral sucker,
length, 0.045 mm., breadth, 0.060 mm. Length of common egg-
containing portion, 0.70 mm., breadth, 1.12 mm.
Kight cysts, collected by Vinal N. Edwards, September 22, 1914,
from pyloric caeca. These were at first taken to be pedicelled cysts,
but they proved to be pyloric caeca in the lumens of which the
trematodes were lodged.
Four, collected June 29, 1915, encysted in the pyloric caeca, yellow;
largest, length, 9 mm., breadth, 4.5 mm.; smallest, length, 3 mm.,
breadth, 1.5 mm.; ova, 0.028 by 0.014 mm.
WEDLIA XIPHIADOS (G. A. and W. G. MacCallum)
Koellikeria viphiados (G. A. and W. G. MacCatitum), Zool. Jahrb., vol. 39, pp.
148-1538, figs. 1-5, 1916.
Cysts from flesh behind gill cavity collected July 21, 1913. These
cysts came from a swordfish (Xiphias gladius), taken by Charles
Grinnell. The specimens had been more or less mutilated, but it was
possible to trace a slender tube containing blood vessels from each
cyst toward the gill cavity. Before this material was turned over to
Dr. MacCallum, who was giving special attention to trematodes on the
gills of fishes, a few notes were made. Upon comparing my notes
with the detailed description given by the MacCallums I find them in
agreement, with the exception of the dimensions of the ova. These
are stated in the description of the species to be 0.06 mm. in diameter.
My notes give the dimensions as 0.021 by 0.016 mm. In some ivory
white tubules the ova were slightly smaller than the yellow, older
ova. They measured 0.020 by 0.016 mm., and, so far as observed, had
developed to the two-celled stage.
A short papilla, 4 mm. long and 4 by 3 mm. in diameter, was ob-
served on the side of one of the trematodes. It had a mouthlike
opening at the end and along one side. Within the papilla there
was a thin membrane, richly supplied with blood vessels, which ap-
peared to be distributed generally among the tubular genitalia of the
trematode.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 155
One of these trematodes after removal from its cyst measured 40
by 28 by 24 mm.
Family HETEROPHYIDAE Odhner, 1914
Genus CRYPTOCOTYLE Liithe, 1899
CRYPTOCOTYLE LINGUA (Creplin)
Cryptocotyle lingua (Creplin), Ryprr, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1884, pp. 37-42,
1884.—Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 281, 296, pl. 40, figs. 76-81,
1900 ; ibid., pp. 462, 463, fig. 318, 1901.—Ransom, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57,
pp. 544-548, 1920.—Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 73, art. 1, pp. 19-20,
1928.—StunKARD and Witty, Amer. Journ. Trop. Med., vol. 9, pp. 117-128,
6 figs., 1929-—SrunKarp, Journ. Morph. and Physiol., vol. 50, pp. 148-191,
pls. 1-4, 19380.
Dermocystis ctenolabri STAFFORD, Zool. Anz., vol. 28, p. 682, 1905.
Tocotrema lingua (Creplin), Linton, Journ. Parasit., vol. 1, pp. 128-184, 3 figs.,
1915.
The following record of distomes encysted in the skin of Woods
Hole fishes is compiled from notes made on various occasions from
1903 to 1927. Many of the notes were made while small fishes were
being examined for their food, and are, consequently, difficult to
reduce to a tabular form. Also, since it was not always possible to
give exact numbers, approximations are marked with a plus-or-minus
sign in the tabular summary.
In some cases these cysts occur in great numbers. Thus, a window-
pane (Lophopsetta maculata) 32 cm. in length and 24 cm. in breadth,
was examined for cysts on July 14, 1924, and the following note
made: The entire surface, including the fins, was densely and uni-
formly peppered with encysted distomes, with the usual accompany-
ing pigmentation; several on corneas of eyes; mouth, pharynx, and
gills thickly beset with them. Counts were made at different places
on the surface and it was found that 50 per square centimeter would
be a conservative estimate of the degree of infection. The number of
cysts on the surface, not including the mouth, pharyngeal and gill
regions, according to this estimate would be about 76,800.
These cysts are very common on the tautog (7autoga onitis). Thus,
in 1908, 97 tautogs, from 8.5 to 34 em. in length, were examined on
16 dates, from July 23 to September 3. Only an occasional fish was
noted on, which cysts were not present on the fins, and in most cases
on the sides. Occasionally one is recorded as having large numbers
of cysts. Thus, one seined at the Weepeckets, August 4, length 27
centimeters, had approximately 75 cysts on each eye. Eleven scales
taken at random from the sides had an average of 10.2 cysts
per scale, ranging from 0 to 13 mm.
The cunner (7Z'autogolabrus adspersus) is probably more generally
infested by this parasite (U.S.N.M. No. 8393) than any of the Woods
Hole fishes, with the possible exception of the tautog.
156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
The late Dr. Irving T. Field, who, in 1903, was studying the food
of cunners, reported that large numbers of them had cysts in the
skin. Vinal N. Edwards in 1905 reports that he examined over 200
cunners taken in the seine at Quisset Harbor and found all to be
infected. He states that he looked them over carefully to see if he
could find one that was free from skin parasites, but did not find
any that was clear of cysts. He also reports that he examined 100
cunners at Menemsha Bight, taken in fish trap and by seine, but saw
no skin parasites. The cunners of Menemsha, however, are not
always free from these cysts. Thus, on July 29, 1908, 21 cunners,
seined at Menemsha, were examined. The larger fish had numerous
cysts on the fins and sides; the smaller fish were, most of them,
lightly infested, although one of the smallest, 8 cm. in length, had
numerous cysts. Cunners from the fish trap at Menemsha, however,
were found to be practically free from skin parasites, while those
from traps in Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole, were frequently
heavily parasitized. In more or less enclosed bodies of water the
infection is often high. Thus, at Sheep-pen Cove, August 12, 1908,
three cunners were taken, each of which was densely peppered with
black pigment spots; 24 scales were taken at random from the side
of the larger one, 18 cm. in length. The average number of cysts
per scale was 7.25; largest number on one scale 19. Also, at Hadley
Harbor on August 24, 60 cunners, chosen at random from a large
number taken in the seine, were examined; 29 of them were densely
covered with cysts. The body and fins were almost black, with some
Taste 38.—Oysts of Cryptocotyle lingua on skin and fins of Woods Hole fishes
Ne Cysts
Num- | ber of
Host Month ber of | fishes Nuz
days mod None | Few | Many | mer-
ous
Acanthocottus aeneus_._.---------- July, Suge -ssa6 2 6 2 Bos Sa ae | eeeereme
Gadus morrhua--..---=-.222--=22+ IDecstt sks ire 1 [jE Ws eee Eyer ee 1
Lophopsetta maculata_____---.---- May, July, Aug., 9 23 5 11 1 6
Sept.
Menticirrhus saratilis_...-.------- Aug;, Sept33-222 6 16 12 AS Aer eee
sMenidinmotata:-2: 52) eee es July, Aug., Sept_- 10 121 81 20) || esl ae
Microgadus tomcod___-.----------- Apr., Aug., Dec__- 5 Oe ee aloe eee 14 13
Marlins auratus. 22 oer eee Sept) 28. sete ee 2 3 2 Pyles 38s steelers
Oenierts snordat = es ATG ee. Sees ul aes 2 21 15 Gj) See ee eee
Photis gqunnelites=—-- ee ae AUG eee oe eee 1 See PES tee ee eee
Pollachivs cirens 2-22 =2- =e Apr a rAUr ese 2 BS aseke 4) 5 eee ee eee
Pomatomus saltairiz__..---.-.-----| July, Aug., Sept-- 1 70 67 Bi fe ee lle
Poronotus triacanthus_____-------- VEY, -AUg2= = =e 3 3) pees ence oe 3
Pseudopleuronectes americanus__..| July, Aug., Sept- 12 67 £34 =EdOi|2- ee 3
Scomber scombrus ....-------------- DULY, ACs oe eee 10 78 54 20 Bid dh
Tautoga onitis___.---- Lear ae BBL ee July, Aug., Sept-_- 29 112 +7 +65 +30 +10
Tautogolabrus adspersus_...-.----- July, Aug., Sept_- 48 815 | +173 | +445 +48 +148
Trachinotus falcatus_.-..---------- Sept: 2-22-42 ee 2 6 1 Bee seca
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 157
blotches of red, and a ground color of dark blue. The mucous mem-
brane of the mouth and the tongue was thickly covered with cysts.
In all cases but one the distomes which were removed from cysts
and examined belonged to the species C. lingua. The exception was
in cysts from two specimens of Menidia notata seined in Great Har-
bor, August 29, 1908, two cysts on the caudal fin of each, and three
on each side of one.
The foregoing tabular summary is unsatisfactory in some particu-
lars. For example these cysts are of rather frequent occurrence in
Microgadus tomcod and Poronotus triacanthus, which could hardly
be inferred from the table.
The life history of this distome has recently been worked out by
Dr. H. W. Stunkard. An abstract of his paper appeared in the Col-
lecting Net, vol. 5, p. 268.
Family CLINOSTOMIDAE Lihe, 1901
Genus CLINOSTOMUM Leidy, 1856
CLINOSTOMUM MARGINATUM (Rudolphi)
Clinostomum marginetwm (Rudolphi) H. L. Ossorn, Biol. Bull., vol. 20, pp. 350—
356, pl. 1, 1911; Journ. Morph., vol. 25, pp. 189-228, pls. 1-8, 1912.
The following records of the encysted stage of this widely dis-
tributed parasite add some localities to those included in Osborn’s
publications.
Hosts.—Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), large-mouthed black
bass (Hwuro floridana), small-mouthed black bass (Micropterus dolo-
miecu), yellow perch (Perca flavescens).
Record of collections —Two distomes of this species, from the flesh
of the brook trout from Alder Lake, Delaware County, N. Y., were
sent to me by Dr. Tarleton H. Bean; date of sending November 27,
1910. Length of larger, 7 mm.; breadth, 0.8 mm.
A considerable number of trout (U.S.N.M. No. 8395) were ex-
amined for flesh parasites at Alder Lake from June 26 to June 28,
1911. Unfortunately the notes of this examination are missing.
Distomes were found in the flesh of several trout, usually just beneath
the skin. They were not numerous in any of the fishes. Specimens
mounted in balsam measure from 3.6 to 8 mm. in length. Measure-
ments of one of the larger specimens in balsam: Length, 8 mm.; maxi-
mum breadth, 1.9 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.30 mm., breadth, 0.33
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.85 mm., breadth, 0.92 mm.
Alder Lake is about 40 acres in extent. No other fish than trout
are in the lake.
Ten large-mouthed black bass (U.S.N.M. No. 8394), taken in Bass
Lake, White Earth Reservation, Minn., and preserved in formalin,
158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
were examined at the Laboratory of the Bureau of Fisheries, Woods
Hole, Mass., August 6, 1919. The fish had been collected at the in-
stance of Dr. Earl A. Danielson, of Litchfield, Minn. Letters accom-
panying the collection were dated June 18 and 23. The fish were sent
on account of their infestation with the tapeworm Proteocephalus
ambloplites. Immature distomes were found in the flesh of eight of
the ten fishes, from 3 to 27 in each, 108 in all. Measurements in
balsam: Length, 5 mm.; breadth, at level of oral sucker, 0.81 mm.,
at level of ventral sucker, 1 mm., maximum, 1.22 mm.; oral sucker,
length, 0.25 mm., breadth, 0.26 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker,
0.64 mm.
Received on October 28, 1902, caudal and dorsal fins and pieces of
the flesh of small-mouthed black bass, taken by the Rev. James H.
Young, Troy, Ohio, in Lost Creek, Miami County, Ohio. Mr. Young
stated that the bass taken during the summer were nearly all in-
fested with parasites, on the fins and in the flesh, especially along
the backbone. ‘These parasites proved to be C. marginatum. One
removed from its cyst measured 4.5 mm. in length and 2 mm. in
breadth.
Three small-mouthed black bass (U.S.N.M. No. 8396), about 4 cm.
in length, sent to the Laboratory of the Bureau of Fisheries, Woods
Hole, Mass., by Deputy Fish and Game Warden Charles Meyers,
Far Hills, N. J., were received on July 29, 1915. The fish were
taken from Ravine Lake, Somerset Hills Country Club.
Five encysted distomes of C. marginatum were found, one cyst on
the gills, one in the gill cavity, and three in the flesh. Those on the
gills and in the gill cavity were bright yellow, the others pale yellow.
The largest, from the flesh, in formalin measured 9 mm. in length.
Measurements in balsam: Length, 8.5 mm.; breadth, at level of oral
sucker, 1.12 mm., at level of ventral sucker, 1.54 mm., maximum, 2.03
mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.86 mm., ventral sucker, 0.70 mm.,
breadth, 0.83 mm.
Received from Dr. Tarleton H. Bean on June 8, 1915, distomes
collected from yellow perch in Honeoge, and neighboring lakes, by
Ward’s Natural Science Establishment. There were seven distomes
in the vial, all C. marginatum. Lengths, in formalin, 4 to 6 mm.;
breadth, 1.5 mm. Some with fragments of cysts attached.
Family STRIGHIDAHE Railliet, 1919
Genus TETRACOTYLE Filippi, 1854
TETRACOTYLE COMMUNIS Hughes
PLATE 24, FicuRE 319
Tetracotyle communis Hugues, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., vol. 47, pp. 415-419,
figs. 1, 5, 6, 8-11, 1928.
TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 159
Encysted trematodes from a fresh-water fish, the wall-eyed pike
(Stizostedion vitreum), are here recorded.
Cysts from fish from market, Washington, Pa. (U.S.N.M. No.
8397), presumably from Lake Erie, collected March 7, 1891. A slide
in my collection contains sections of a cyst with enclosed larval
trematode, and of a trematode which had been removed from its cyst.
The structure of cyst and larva, so far as shown in these sections,
agrees with the detailed description given by Hughes, but there is no
trace of spines, and the pharynx is not well shown.
Measurements of cyst, 0.80 by 0.60 mm.; of contained larva, length,
0.55 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; ventral sucker, breadth, 0.17 mm., ver-
tical diameter, 0.17 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth,
0.14 mm.
Genus NEASCUS Hughes, 1927
NEASCUS CUTICOLA (van Nordmann)
PLATE 24, FicuRES 320-323
Diplostomum cuticola Diesing, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, p. 513,
pl. 41, figs. 1-10, pl. 42, figs. 1-5, 1898.
Diplostomum cuticola (van Nordmann), Liuun, Brauer’s Stisswasserfauna
Deutschlands, Trematodes, pp. 166, 167, 1909.
Neascus cuticola (van Nordmann), HuGues, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., vol. 47,
pp. 331, 332, figs. 3, 9-11, 1928.
The encysted trematodes from four species of fresh-water fishes here
recorded, although differing somewhat in the relative proportions of
the suckers, so far as the anatomy is shown, agree with descriptions
of this species.
Hosts——Large-mouthed black bass (Huro flortdana), small-
mouthed black bass (M/icropterus dolomieu), brook trout (Salveli-
nus fontinalis), yellow perch ( Perca flavescens).
Record of collections—Specimens of large-mouthed black bass
were received on July 8, 1915, from Dr. E. E. Smith. They were
collected by T. C. H. Richardson, who stated that the fish came from
a reserve pond where the fish were dying off. The location of the
pond was not given, but it is in New Jersey, not far from New York
City. Numerous cysts on fins and in the muscle tissue. The cysts
were surrounded by black pigment. A cyst in glycerin measured
0.40 by 0.23 mm.; estimated length of larval trematode in cyst,
0.54 mm.
Ten large-mouthed black bass were received on July 31, 1919.
The fishes had been taken in June from Bass Lake, White Earth
Reservation, Minn., and had been collected and sent at the instance
of Dr. Earl A. Danielson. The fishes had been sent on account of
heavy cestode infection. Cysts surrounded by black pigment were
found on each of the fish, from 2 to 35 on each, most of them on the
160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vor. 88
fins, but also under the skin and a few in the flesh. In all 95 cysts
were noted, of which 61 were on the fins, 32 under the skin, and 2
in the flesh. Measurements of larva in glycerin: Length, 0.80 mm.;
breadth, 0.15 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.060 mm., breadth, 0.039 mm. ;
ventral sucker, not distinct, length about 0.042, breadth about
0.024 mm.
Pieces of the skin and fins of small-mouthed black bass, with many
pigmented cysts, were received on October 3, 1902. The fishes were
collected by the Rev. James H. Young at Troy, Ohio. A larva
removed from its cyst measured 0.4 mm. in length and 0.2 mm. in
breadth.
Received on September 25, 1903, pieces of skin with underlying
muscle tissue of small-mouthed black bass with cysts surrounded by
black pigment. The bass were taken from a fresh water pond near
Portland, Maine. It was stated that the yellow perch and sunfish
in the pond were similarly affected. Larvae removed from cysts
measured 0.4 mm. in length and 0.2 mm. in breadth.
A small-mouthed black bass, taken on November 15, 1907, by James
L. Robertson from Culver Lake, Branchville, N. J., was sent to me
on account of the large number of cestodes in the body cavity. Pig-
mented cysts containing larval trematodes were found in the flesh.
Three small-mouthed black bass (U.S.N.M. No. 8398) were received
on July 29, 1915, from Charles Meyers, Deputy Fish and Game War-
den, Far Hills, N. J. The fishes had been taken in Ravine Lake,
Somerest Hills Country Club. Mr. Meyers stated that the bass in
the lake were heavily infested with these parasites, especially on
the fins and in the mouth. There were numerous cysts with black
pigment on these fishes; most abundant on the caudal and pectoral
fins, on the cheeks and opercular region, also on inner side of
opercle; a few in the mouth, and scattering cysts on the scales of the
sides. Many cysts were found in the skin. They were not visible
from the outside, but upon removing the skin they were found to be
rather abundant along the sides. > 5 —>~v
EBS S ‘ “4 g a.
A o :
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SPR 1) BNE : Sid S| gs
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less common form
23. Lebouria sp.: From Sphyraena borealis, ventral view.
z imperfect.
25. Stephanostomum dentatum
24. Lebouria sp.: From Pseudopleuronectes americanus, ventral view, posterior end
26-28. Stephanostomum filiforme,
21,22. Lebouria truncata, new species: From Cynoscion regalis,
, enlarged.
hippos; 28, head of same
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL.. 18 PLATE 4
29-31. Stephanostomum sp. from Seriola lalandi: 29, Dorsal view, spines evanescent; 30,
anterior end of another specimen, ventral view; 31, optical section of tissues of
neck.
32-34. Stephanostomum tenue (Linton): 32, From Hemitripterus americanus, ventral view;
33, front view of oral spines; 34, from Ammodytes americanus, dorsal view.
35. Himasthla tensa, new species: From Gadus morrhua.
36, 37. Lepidapedon clavatum, new species: 36, From Lophopsetta maculata; 37, from Cera-
tacanthus schoepfi.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE5
49
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38-45. Lepidapzdon elongatum (Lebour): 38, From Gadus morrhua, dorsal view, glycerin; 39,
sagittal section at level of ventral sucker, about median; 40, sagittal section at
level of ventral sucker, lateral; 41, transverse section through pharynx; 42, trans-
verse section in front of ventral sucker; 43, transverse section in front of ovary;
44, transverse section near posterior end; 45, from Urophycis chuss, dorsal view.
46. Lepidapedon rachion (Cobbold): From Melanogrammus aegelfinus.
47-49. Lepocreadium pyriforme (Linton): 47, From Palinurichthys perciformis; 48, cirrus
pouch and seminal vesicle; 49, from Poronotus triacanthus.
Yoest age
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PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 6
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
-, ventral view
50, From Pneumatophorus grex
new species:
2, ovaries of two showing varieties of lobation.
oa
tum retrusum,
dorsal view
56. Lepocreadium trullaforme,
2. Lepocreadi
Bills
50-5
3, From Menticirrhus saxatilis; 54, from
5
new species:
53-
small distome from
55;
2
Morone americana, somewhat distorted by compression
/
young M. saxatilis; 56, another from same host.
Bianium plicitum (Linton): From Sphoeroides maculatus,
ventral view, lateral
margins of neck extended.
Sie
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 7
ier esuexUny yoo
58-64. Bianium plicitum (Linton): From Sphoeroides maculatus: 58, Degenerate specimen,
vitellaria much reduced, ova few and imperfect; 59, posterior end, frontal section,
vitellaria sparse; 59a, posterior end, frontal section, slanting, vitellaria sparse; 60,
horizontal section, anterior end; 61, transverse section, anterior end; 62, trans-
verse section at level of posterior border of ovary, testis added from next posterior
section; 63, transverse section near level of anterior end of first testis; 64, trans-
verse section at level of first testis showing excretory vessel.
65-67. Homalometron pallidum Stafford: 65, From Menticirrhus saxatilis; 66, short variety
from same host; 67, ovary and testes from three specimens from Pseudopleuro-
nectes americanus.
U.S. NATICNAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATES
eee KON
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02
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*
68-74. Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rudolphi): 68, From Pomolobus mediocris, ventral view;
69, same, lateral view; 70, from Brevoortia tyrannus, immature, ventral view; 71,
from Clupea harengus, ovary and vitelline glands, dorsal view; 72, same, ventral
view; 73, ovary and vitelline glands; 74, from Pomolobus aestivalis, ova.
75-77. Hemiurus levinseni Odhner: 75, From Gadus morrhua, ventral view; 76, same, ova;
77, from Pollachius virens, lateral view of neck, ventral of body.
78. Ectenurus virgula Linton: From Trachurops crumenophthalma, ventral view.
79-82. Lecithocladium gulosum (Linton): 79, From Poronotus triacanthus, sagittal section;
80, from Pneumatophorus grex, cross section, level of anterior fourth of pharynx;
81, cross section at middle of pharynx; 82, cross section near posterior end of
pharynx.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE9
DINURUS PINGUIS, NEW SPECIES.
83-95. From Anguilla rostrata: 83, Sagittal section of anterior end; 84, frontal section of
posterior end; 85, nearly frontal section of head; 86, cross section of neck at level
of genital pore; 87, cross section of neck behind genital pore; 88, cross section of
neck short distance back of section shown in fig. 87; 89, cross section of specimen
in which ova for most part are confined to postacetabular region; 90, cross section
of specimen in which ova are crowded forward dorsal to ventral sucker, section at
about same level as fig. 89; 91, ova; 92, cross section behind testes; 93, cross sec-
tion of retracted appendix; 94, excretory vessel and intestines, from cross section
0.1 mm. from posterior end; 95, cross section 0.06 mm. from posterior end.
96. From Menidia notata: Frontal section, anterior end.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88. PLATE 10
101
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97-100. Dinurus pinguis, new species, from Menidia notata: 97, Ventral view of plump
specimen; 98, ventral view of slender specimen; 99, cross section at level of
anterior edge of ovary; 100, cross section at level of ovary behind testes.
101-107. Sterrhurus monticellii (Linton): 101, From Oligoplites saurus, dorsal view; 102,
from Trichiurus lepturus, sagittal section of neck; 103-105, same, ovary and
vitelline glands from 3 specimens; 106, same, right vitelline gland, glycerin;
107, same, left vitelline gland, glycerin.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 11
108. Trematode ova from cyst, postbranchial chamber of Paralichthys dentatus; coils
of uterus containing ova and granules of yolk.
109-120. Brachyphallus crenatus (Rudolphi): Ovary and vitelline glands; shell gland and
seminal receptacle shown in 115. (109-115 from Anguilla rostrata, 116 from
Pomolobus mediocris, 117 from Pollachias virens, 118 and 119 from Urophyets
chuss, 120 from U. tenuis.)
121-124. Lecithaster confusus Odhner: 121, 124, Ventral views; 122, 123, lateral views.
(121 and 122 from Pomolobus mediocris; 123 and 124 from Scomber scombrus.)
125,126. Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi) from Stenotomus chrysops: 125, Dorsal view; 126,
ventral view, anterior end.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 12
oy
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127. Aponurus sp. from Lobotes surinamensis: Ventral view.
128-133. Derogenes varicus (Muller): 128, 130, Ventral views; 129, 131, 133, ova; 132,
lateral view: (128 and 129 from Lohotes surinamensis, 130 and 131 from Lophius
piscatorius, 132 and 133 from Gadus morrhua.)
134-144. Hirudinella fusca (Bosc): 134, From Xiphias gladius, alcoholic specimen; 135, from
Thunnus secundodorsalis, alcoholic; 136, from Trichiurus lepturus, alcoholic;
137, from Seriola zonata, formalin; 138, from Niphias gladius, sagittal section
of neck; 139, from same, sagittal section of body behind ventral sucker; 140,
from Trichiurus lepturus, cross section at level of genital papilla (cone, of
Poirier); from same, 141, cross section at level of ventral sucker; 142, from same,
ova; 143, from Thunnus secundodorsalis, ova; 144, from Xiphias gladius, ova.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL, 88 PLATE 13
145-155. Hirudinella fusca (Bosc): 145, Cross section at level of anterior border of ovary,
146, cross section near posterior end; 147, section of genital papilla, from cross
section of neck; 148, section of base of genital papilla and anterior end of metra-
term, from cross section of neck; 149, ejaculatory duct, prostate, and metraterm,
from cross section of neck; 150, ovary and shell gland, partly diagrammatic,
from cross sections; 151, ovary and dorsal wall of shell gland, from frontal
section; 152, ovary and dorsal portion of shell gland, from frontal section; 153,
ovary and shell gland, from frontal section; 154, ejaculatory duct, prostate, and
metraterm, from cross section of neck; 155, cuticle, from cross section. (138,
139, and 151-153 from Xiphias gladius, 140, 141, and 145-150 from Trichiurus
lepturus, 154 and 155 from Thunnus secundodorsalts.)
156,157. Immature distomes referred provisionally to H. fusca: 156, Fragments from
Pterophryne histrio; 157, from Trachurops crumenophthalma.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 14
158.
159, 160.
162, 163.
164-169.
170-174.
175-179:
Gyrodactylus sp. from Fundulus heteroclitus: Posterior end, life.
Ancyrocephalus parvus, new species, from Strongylura marina: 159, Ventral view,
eye spots showing through; 160, posterior disk.
Dionchus agassizi Goto from Remora remora: 162, Ventral view of mouth, eye
spots showing through; 163, side view of hook, claw restored.
Entobdella hippoglossi (Muller) from Hippoglossus hippoglossus: 164, Anterior
end, ventral view; 165, set of hooks on left side; 166, third hook and posterior
end of second; 167, third hook and posterior end of second from another speci-
men; 168, sagittal section of posterior edge of sucker; 169, sagittal section of
anterior edge of sucker.
Tristoma papillosum Diesing from Xiphias gladius: 170, Portion of posterior suck-
er, ventral view; 171, spine from posterior sucker; 172, different types of mar-
ginal spines; 173, group of marginal spines; 174, ovum.
Tristoma coccineum Cuvier from Xiphias gladius: 175, Portion of right margin
with accessory hook-bearing structure; 176, end of accessory hook-bearing
structure; 177, group of marginal spines; 178, marginal spine; 179, spine from
posterior sucker.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 15
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on so
180-183. Capsala molae (Blanchard) from Mola mola: 180, Anterior end of large specimen,
ventral view; 181, anterior end of young specimen, dorsal view showing eye
spots; 182, portion of margin showing arrangement of spine; 183, lateral view
of marginal spine.
184-188. Capsala laevis (Verrill) from Xiphias gladius: 184, Ventral view; 185, lateral
margin at level of testes, showing branching intestine, vitellaria, and marginal
spines; 186, portion of anterior lobe between suckers; 187, marginal spines; 188,
spines from posterior sucker, slightly foreshortened.
189-196. Onchocotyle mavori, new species, from Morone americana: 189, Ventrolateral view;
190, anterior end, ventral view; 191, single sucker; 192, chitinous hook from
sucker; 193, posterior end; 194, terminal hooklets, ventral view; 195, same,
lateral view; 196, ovum.
197-199 Diclidophora pinguis, new species, from Albatrossia pectoralis: 197, Dorsal view,
alcohol; 198, ventral view of same specimen; 199, dorsal view of one of the
posterior suckers.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 16
200, 201.
202-209.
210-214.
Piles
216-218.
219%
220.
203
Anthocotyle merlucit americanus MacCallum from Merluccius bilinearis: 200,
Anterior end, ventral view; 201, terminal hooks.
Mazxzocraeoides georgei Price from Pomolobus pseudoharengus: 202, Ventral view;
203, anterior end, ventral view; 204, posterior end; 205, genital pore; 206, same,
life; 207, hook from genital atrium; 208, excretory vessels at posterior end, life;
209, ova.
Pleurocotyle scombri (Gervais and van Beneden) from Pneumatophorus grex: 210,
Ventral view; 211, anterior end; 212, hooks of genital atrium, somewhat broken
and distorted; 213, posterior end of the four larger suckers; 214, minute terminal
sucker.
Microcotyle poronott MacCallum from Poronotus triacanthus: Anterior end, ventral
view.
Microcotyle pomatomi Goto from Pomatomus saltatrix: 216, Anterior end, ventral
view; 217, diagram of genitalia in vicinity of ovary; 218, ovaries from three
specimens.
Microcotyle stenotomi Goto from Stenotomus chrysops: Ventrolateral view.
Microcotyle furcata, new species, from Tautoga onitis: Ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 17
221-223. Microcotyle furcata, new species, from Tautoga onitis: 221, Anterior end, ventral
view; 222, genitalia in region of ovary, dorsal view, diagrammatic; 223, same
of another specimen, ventral view.
224-227. Microcotyle sp. from Cynoscion regalis: 224, Anterior end, ventral view; 225,
posterior end; 226, genital atrium; 227, types of hooks from genital atrium.
228-230. Axine gracilis, new species, from Strongylura marina: 228, Dorsolateral view;
229, anterior end; 230, posterior end of young specimen.
231-233. Heteraxine cokeri, new genus and species, from Aplodinotus grunniens: 231, Pos-
terior sucker-bearing portion; 232, anterior end; 233, genital atrium.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 18
234,235. Gasterostomum arcuatum Linton from Sarda sarda: 234, Ventral view; 23 5p OMA
936-239. Gasterostomum capitatum, new species, from Auxis rochei: 236, Ventral view; 237,
anterior end of another specimen; 238, posterior end of another specimen
(uterus diagrammatic); 239, ova.
240-242. Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi) from Conger conger: 240, Ventral view;
241, anterior end of another specimen; 242, ova.
243, 244. Prosorhynchus ovatus (Linton) from Lobotes surinamensis: 243, Ventral view;
244, ova.
245-249. Prosorhynchus gracilescens (Rudolphi): 245, Ventral view; 246, specimen in which
no ova had developed; 247, strongly contracted specimen; 248, anterior end;
249, ova. (245 from Menticirrhus saxatilis, 246-249 from Strongylura marina.)
250,251. Nannoenterum baculum (Linton) from Sphyraena borealis: 250, Ventral view; 251,
anterior end.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 19
252,253. Nannoenterum baculum (Linton) from Sphyraena borealis: 252, Anterior end,
showing circle of 20 spines; 253, muscle fibers in body wall, glycerin.
254-256. Nannoenterum gorgon (Linton) from Seriola lalandi: 254, Dorsal view of anterior
end; 255, dorsal view of another specimen; 256, ova.
257-259. Stichocotyle nephropis Cunningham from Raja laevis: 257, Ventral view of anterior
end; 258, region of fifth to some distance back of sixth ventral sucker; 259, ovum.
260-265. Steringophorus furciger (Olsson) from Pseudopleuronectes americanus: 260, Ventral
view; 261, 262, cross sections at level of cirrus pouch; 263, 264, cross sections at
level of Laurer’s canal, from different series of sections; 265, cross section near
end of intestine.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 20
266, 267. Steringophorus furciger (Olsson) from Pseudopleuronectes americanus: 266, Sagittal
section, anterior end; 267, frontal section.
268-271. Lintonium vibex (Linton) from Sphoerotdes maculatus: 268, Dorsal view; 269,
sagittal section, anterior end; 270, sagittal section showing Laurer’s canal; 271,
immature specimen, ventral view. (In some cases the intestines were entirely
ventral to the excretory vessels.)
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 21
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272-274. Lecithostaphylus nitens (Linton) from Tylosurus acus: 272, Frontal section, anterior
end; 273, frontal section, region of ovary and testes; 274, ova.
275-277. Zoogonoides laevis, new species, from Tautoga onitis: 275, Ventral view; 276,
cirrus pouch and metraterm, ventral view, life, ova with ciliated miracidia; 277,
excretory pore, life.
278-282. Steganoderma formosum Stafford: 278, Ventral view; 279, ovum; 280, ventral
view; 281, ova; 282, spines on ventral surface. (278 and 279 from Paralichihys
oblongus, 280-282 from Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus.)
283. Deropristis inflata (Molin) from Anguilla rostrata: Ventral view.
284. Deropristis hispida (Abilzaard) from Acipenser sturio: Dorsal view of anterior end.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 22
285-287. Deropristis hispida (Abilgaard) from Actpenser sturio: 285, Ventrolateral view of
head; 286, another, distorted; 287, ovum.
288. Podocotyle sp. from Oncorhynchus tschawytscha: Broken specimen.
289. Crepidostomum faronis (Miller) from Salvelinus fontinalis: Ventral view.
290, 291. Bunodera nodulosa (Froelich) from Perca flavescens: 290, Ventrolateral view of
anterior end, formalin; 291, ovum.
292-297. Azygia longa (Leidy): 292, Sagittal section; 293, frontal section of cirrus pouch;
294, cross section, middle of length; 295, sagittal section, region of cirrus pouch;
296, frontal section, cirrus pouch and metraterm; 297, frontal section, region
of testes. (292-294 from Esox niger, 295 and 296 from Trichiurus lepturus, 297
from Micropterus dolomieu.)
298, 299. Genarches miilleri (Levinsen) from Cyclopterus lumpus: 298, Ventral view; 299,
ovum.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 23
300.
301, 302.
303, 304.
305-309.
310.
311-314.
315-317.
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Genarches miilleri (Levinsen) from Cyclopterus lumpus: Lateral view, anterior end.
Genarches infirmus, new species, from Oncorhynchus tschawytscha: 301, Ventral
view; 302, ova.
Genarches sp. from Oncorhynchus tschawytscha: 303, Ventral view; 304, ova.
Didymozoon scombri Taschenberg from Poronotus triacanthus: 305, Anterior end,
ventral view; 306, same view of another, ejaculatory duct empty; 307, view of
region of vicinity of shell gland; 308, anterior end of specimen with metraterm
gorged with ova; 309, same, more highly magnified.
Didymoxoon sardae (G. A. and W.G. MacCallum) from Sarda sarda: Anterior end.
Didymozoon sp.: 311, Anterior end, life; 312-314, ova. (311 and 312 from Scomber
scombrus, 313 from Pneumatophorus grex, 314 from Sertola zonata.)
Wedlia bipartita (Wedl) from Thunnus secundodorsalis: 315, Trematodes encysted
in pyloric caeca of host, life; 316, small specimen with single head protruding,
life; 317, specimen compressed, heads of both male and female protruding.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 24
318.
319.
320-323.
324-330.
331.
Wedlia bipartita (Wedl) from Thunnus secundodorsalis: Heads of specimens shown
in fig. 317, enlarged.
Tetracotyle communis Hughes from Stizostedion vitreum: Longitudinal section.
Neascus cuticola (Nordmann): 320, Ventral view, life, posterior end reflected
dorsad; 321, specimen removed from cyst and straightened, life; 322, larva
escaping from cyst, life; 323, cyst surrounded by pigment, section. (320 from
Salvelinus fontinalis, 321-323 from Micropterus dolomieu.)
Pleorchis americanus Lihe from Cynoscion regalis: 324, Frontal section, region of
ovary; 325, sagittal section, region of ovary; 326, cross section at level of genital
pore; 327, cross section near level of anterior edge of ovary; 328, fifth section in
series back of fig. 327; 329, fifth section in series back of fig. 328; 330, section from
series a few sections back of fig. 329.
Gargorchis varians, new genus and species, from Ceratacanthus schoepfi: Ventral
view.
332-340. Gargorchis varians, new genus and species, from Ceraiacanthus schoe
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 25
Be
section, region of seminal receptacle; 335, cross section near anterior end of
ventral sucker; 336, cross section, base of cirrus pouch; 337, cross section, level
of ovary; 338, cross section, level of first testes; 339, cross section, level of
seminal receptacle (tortuous course of Laurer’s canal compiled from several
sections); 340, cross section near posterior end.
341-344. Dereirema fusillus Linton from Exocoetus volitans: 341, Characteristic shapes, life;
342, ventrolateral view; 343,-ventral view; 344, lateral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 26
‘
\
345. Monostoma sp. from Gadus morrhua: Ventral view.
346-348. Distoma fenestratum Linton: 346, Anterior end of specimen fixed under pressure; |
347, posterior end of same specimen; 348, posterior end of specimen showing
characteristic constricted intestine. (346 and 347 from Remora remora, 348 |
from Ammodytes americanus.)
349, 350. Distoma sp. from Menticirrhus saxatilis: 349, Ventral view; 350, region of cirrus.
pouch and metraterm.
351. Distoma sp. from Percopsis omiscomaycus: Ventral view.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3079
REPORT ON CERTAIN GROUPS OF NEUROPTEROID
INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN, CHINA
By Natuan Banxs
For more than 15 years Dr. D. C. Graham has been sending neurop-
teroid insects from Szechwan Province, China, to the United States
National Museum. In 1928 the late Dr. A. B. Martynov, stopping
at Washington, borrowed some of the Trichoptera and in 19381 pub-
lished a paper on them.? Later some of the Plecoptera were lent to
Dr. P. W. Claassen and Dr. C. F. Wu. They described some species
in 1934.2. The great bulk of the material, however, remained unstud-
ied. In 1937 most of that on hand was lent to me, and in 1938 the
remainder and some more that had recently arrived. I induced Dr.
F, M. Carpenter to work on the family Panorpidae, and his report
has recently been issued.* The present paper deals with all specimens
in the collection not considered by these authors. The main part
of the collection (including holotypes) is in the National Museum;
duplicates, when present, have been retained for the Museum of
Comparative Zoology.
Szechwan is extremely rich in many of the groups of neuropteroid
insects. Dr. Martynov noted that this fauna resembled that of Tibet
more than that of more eastern China. This was due partly to the
lack of material from China. In recent years Dr. G. Ulmer has pub-
lished on large collections of Trichoptera from eastern China; Father
1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 79, art. 25, 20 pp., 4 pls., 1931.
?Pekin Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 9, pp. 112-125, 1934.
Proce. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, No. 9, pp. 267-281, 2 pls., 1938.
185645—40 1 173
174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Longinos Navas has published on material in the Heude Museum at
Shanghai, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology has acquired
a large collection from southeastern China and Hainan. With this
material it is seen that many of the peculiar genera of western China
also occur in the east, although not so abundantly, and in the east
there is more infusion of the Malaysian fauna. The species, however,
of western China are usually different from those of the eastern, less
mountainous part.
Tt has been extremely interesting to me to discover that there is
a true Himalayan fauna, utterly different from the European, from
the Mediterranean, and from the American, either North or South,
a fauna that spreads south into at least upper India (not to Ceylon),
down the Malay Peninsula, and often to some of the Sunda Islands,
eastward over China, Burma, Siam, Indochina, and even to Japan
and Formosa.
Characteristic genera are Neopanorpa, Limnocentropus, Eubasil-
lissa, Pseudostenophylax, Nothopsyche, Stenopsyche, Himalopsyche,
Kamimuria, Nogiperla, Claassenia, Neochauliodes, Neuromus, Pro-
tohermes, Neuronema, and Epicanthaclisis. No insect fauna is en-
tirely endemic as to genera, so here there are representatives of insect
faunas characteristic of other regions. The weakness of the Holarctic
fauna in Szechwan is greater than one expects from its location, and
few of the genera present are represented by more than two or three
species. Of the Holarctic genera Panorpa, Rhyacophila, Glossosoma,
Arctopsyche, Philopotamus, Limnephilus, Glyphotaelius, Platyphylaz,
and Salis occur in both North America and Europe. Of European
genera in Szechwan there are Huroleon, Deutoleon, Osmylus, and
Marthamea, each of few species.
Of American genera in Szechwan (not at present in Europe) there
are Pelioperla, Togoperla, Potamyia, Psilotreta, Acroneuria, and
Halesinus (near Neophylaz).
Of Holarctic genera, but practically world wide, there are Chry-
sopa, Hemerobius, Hydropsyche, and Goera.
One European species of Chrysopa occurs also in Szechwan, but
most of the species are not closely related to European; one is common
in Japan. Several of the American genera occur also in Japan. So
there is little evidence whether these Holarctic elements in Szechwan
came from America or from Europe.
Of typical Mediterranean genera there is no evidence (so far) in
Szechwan, although many occur in Turkestan, southern Siberia,
northern China, and Japan; such are Ascalaphus, Lopezus, Myrme-
caelurus, Dilar, and Raphidia; the last two genera are doubtless older
than the Mediterranean fauna, although now chiefly represented
there; both, however, occur in America and elsewhere.
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 175
Various genera now typically tropical are present in Szechwan;
these, however, are commoner in eastern China. These genera are
Nothochrysa, Ankylopteryx, Neoperla, Spilosmylus, Dipseudopsis,
Notanatolica, Indophanes, Polymorphanisus, and Hydromanicus, rep-
resented by only one or two species each.
In spite of the infusion of elements from other regions, the
Himalayan element is dominant in specimens and species. Although
there are here recorded 107 species, and a few others have been de-
scribed from Szechwan, this is probably less than half of the number
that will eventually be found in this rich province. Thirty-six species
are described as new.
Family PERLIDAE
Genus CLAASSENIA Wu
CLAASSENIA SEMIBRACHYPTERA Wu and Claassen
Several from between Kinting and Suifu, June 26 to July 1, 1,500
feet; Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, July 17-80, 4,400 feet; and Kaiting,
1,500 feet.
Genus ACRONEURIA Pictet
ACRONEURIA GRAHAMI Wu and Claassen
Three females: One from Kuanshien, September 12, 3,000 feet; one
from Yellow Dragon Temple near Songpan, July 25-28, 11,000 to
14,000 feet; and one from near Tsao Ting, July 12, Yunnan.
The ventral plate is produced slightly, almost angularly in the
middle.
ACRONEURIA YIUI Wu
One male from Mount Omei has the papillae on the ninth tergite in
a continuous area, those on the tenth in two groups; the button on
last sternite is moderately small and transverse, but the pointed proc-
esses are directed upward, not toward each other as Wu states.
Genus KAMIMURIA Klapalek
KAMIMURIA TAOI Wu
From Chengtu, May 1, 1,700 feet, Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, 4,000
feet, and also Pei Bay, June (G. Liu).
KAMIMURIA SIMPLEX Chu
From Mount Omei, in July, described from Szechwan.
KAMIMURIA FULVESCENS Klapdlek
One from Yachow to Muping, June 23-25, 2,000 to 5,000 feet; one
from O-Er, 26 miles north of Li Fan; and one (crushed) from 9
miles southwest of Tatsienlu, June 25-27. The processes are very
small and poorly developed. Wu‘ misspells it flavescens.
4 Pekin Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 11, p. 183, 1936.
176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
KAMIMURIA JEANNELI Wu
Two females of this large species from near Suifu, May—June.
Described from Hangchow.
KAMIMURIA TIENMUSHANENSIS Wu
From Kuanshien; described from Tienmushan.
Genus TYLOPYGE Klapalek
TYLOPYGE KLAPALEKI Wu and Claassen
One from O-Er, near Li Fan, August 6-16, 9,000 feet, and one from
Lim Ngai Si, near Kuanshien, September 20-30, 3,500 feet.
Genus TOGOPERLA Klapalek
TOGOPERLA GRAHAMI, new species
PLATE 27, FIGURES 2, 5
Head mostly black, the lateral tubercles and raised lines in front
of anterior ocellus yellowish, and some pale back of eyes and ocelli;
antennae and palpi dark brown; pronotum dull black, mesonotum
dark in front, rest and abdomen pale yellowish, but latter somewhat
darker at tip; venter wholly pale; legs pale on basal half or two-
thirds of femora, rest black, a yellowish streak under the hind tibiae.
Wings brown, subcostal area scarcely darker, costal area yellowish.
Venation much as in 7. perpicta and 7’. limbata, the cross vein in
hindwing as usual; in forewings, however, the radial sector arises
more basally than usual, very much before end of the first anal
vein.
The male genitalia somewhat like 7. valwulata, but the inner pad
of processes not nearly so prominent, and the sixth and seventh seg-
ments show no group of spinules, the sixth and eighth with some
rather short hair (not nearly so long as in 7’. perpicta).
Length of forewing, 22 mm.
One from Lin Ngai $i, near Kuanshien, Sept. 20, 3,500 feet (holo-
type) ; and one from Kuanshien, August 18, 1937 (through Parish).
The leg marks are similar to 7. bifoveolata from Tonkin, but the
genitalia are different. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53139. Paratype in
M.C.Z.
Genus MARTHAMEA Kiapalek
MARTHAMEA ARMATA, new species
PLATE 27, FIGURES 4, 6
Head largely dull black, but a broad yellow stripe each side from
base of antenna up between eyes and ocelli; basal joint of antennae
dark, beyond pale for some distance then gradually becoming darker;
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 177
palpi black; pronotum wholly black; mesonotum mostly black, but
some pale each side on scutellum; metanotum black in front and
middle, elsewhere pale; abdomen pale tawny above and below, also
cerci; sternum pale; legs largely pale, but hindlegs dark toward tips
of femora and above on the tibiae; wings pale gray, veins brown,
costal veins yellow. Head moderately broad, eyes large, ocelli form
an isosceles triangle, hind ocelli plainly nearer each other than to
eyes; pronotum much broader than long, somewhat narrowed behind,
a rather broad median furrow with the two ridges, lateral rugae
iairly large.
Wings moderately slender; usually two branches to the radial sector
beyond anastomosis, about five costal cross veins beyond end of sub-
costa, first anal without curve, second only slightly curved, first anal
ends before origin of radial sector, latter rather far out, and about
as near to anastomosis as to first median cross vein. Male genitalia
very prominent; the fifth segment much produced behind in a forked
lobe, each lobe with spinules, the upper branch of the process is very
long, horizontal, with a large hook at inner base, the inner edge
toward tip has several spinelike teeth, the first two rather large;
this process has many long, fine, erect hairs on inner side, the lower
branch of the process is slender and smooth and reaches fully to
the forked lobe of seventh segment.
Length of forewing, 14 mm.; width, 4 mm.
One male from Chengtu, May 10-11, 1,700 ft. In general appear-
ance it is similar to U/. witripennis. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53140.
Paragnetina multispinosa, lately described by Wu,? is very similar, but
the process is differently armed.
Genus NOGIPERLA Okamoto
NOGIPERLA CHIANGI, new species
PLATE 27, FiGuRES 3, 8, 9
Pale brownish yellow; abdomen rather more yellow; wings pale
gray, veins brownish; apical half of cercal spine black; legs pale
yellowish, unmarked. The ocelli large and widely separated, the
eyes rather large, larger than in fraterna; pronotum broader behind
than in front, the corners broadly rounded, posterior margin concave;
forewings long and slender, about 15 costal cross veins, four or five
beyond end of subcosta, about five median and five to seven cubital
cross veins, radial sector forked once, the pedicel nearly or fully as
long as fork, median is also forked once beyond the anastomosis,
branches from anal cell wide apart at base. In hindwings five to
eight costals and four or five beyond; radial sector and medius
5 Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 13, p. 65, 1938.
178 PROCEEDINGS OF. THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vO, 88
forked as in forewing; in both wings the cross veins from radius to
medius are almost in line.
In the male the uplifted penultimate ventral segment shows at base
a rounded lobe.
The female resembles the male, but the cerci are normal, basal
joint not elongated nor with spine; the ventral plate of female is
extremely large and covers the next segment, the tip entire.
Length of forewing, 10 mm.; width, 3 mm.
From Liu Ngai Si, near Kuanshien, September 20-30, 3,500 feet
(holotype) ; Beh Luh Din, August 7-25, 6,000 feet ; and Mu Sang Tsai,
10 miles northwest of Weichow, July 2-6, 8,000 to 10,000 feet. Holo-
type, U.S.N.M. No. 53141. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z.
In the wholly pale body and legs it is like NV. fraterna; from
fraterna it differs in the elongate cercal joint longer, the black cercal
spine, in the small rounded piece at base of penultimate ventral
segment, etc.
The three known species are from Japan, Formosa, and Malacca.
Genus NEOPERLA Needham
NEOPERLA MINOR Chu
Several from Mount Omei in July and August. Described from
Hangchow.
NEOPERLA TINGWASHANENSIS Wu
One from Kuanshien, July 18-20, 5,200 feet.
Genus PARAGNETINA Klapalek
PARAGNETINA INDENTATA Wu
Two specimens, rather small, appear to belong to this species, one
from Kuanshien and one from Si Gi Pin, August 5-9, 6,000 to 7,000
feet. Also from Pei Bay, June (G. Liu).
Genus PELTOPERLA Needham
PELTOPERLA SINENSIS Wu and Claassen
One from 9 miles southwest of Tatsienlu, June 25-27, 8,500 feet.
Family SIALIDAE
The genera of Sialidae known to occur in China, or some from
nearby, can be separated as follows:
1. No ocelli; pronotum twice as broad as long; fourth tarsal joint
with plainly bilobed tip (subfamily Sialinae)~-_._______.__________- els 2,
With ocelli; pronotum about as long as broad; fourth tarsal
joint scarcely, if at all, bilobed (subfamily Corydalinae)—-____________ 3
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 179
ho
. Radial sector toward tip with several branches from upper side
EC EY: LT ee ce a Bee Ue ea ie ees vee hv bbl be le Ad ee, Sialis
Radial sector without such branches, simply cross veins to
TAC LU ee ee ee eee eee eee nee ee ee ee Ber Indosialis
3. First anal vein of forewings forks twice; more than three radial
cross) lyelns) /(iribessHermesini)= Eke ae ee overt 4
Wirsttanal forks) | DUtBON CC kee cas Se eee ee es ee a 2 5
4, Ocelli small, round; anterior ocellus not transverse; wings
heavily, marked "or allie ar ee ees Ae re Ratlieed See er Hermes
Ocelli large, elongate; anterior ocellus plainly transverse; wings
Su TRIN yf Bi see a arc IE RL es Protohermes
5. A distinct tooth on margin of head back of eyes; usually at
least four radial cross veins (tribe Corydalini)——~________.__________ 6
No such tooth on head; usually but three radial cross veins
CGE MeTED i aL LT NA) a ee er need ee Re a
6. A spine or tooth on upper side of head each side; clypeus very
deeply indented in middle; mandibles very large; some costals
Crossed] tts Jy sans eran tie or meld bres stor yess ted Acanthacorydalis
No such spines on head; elypeus only slightly, if at all, emargi-
nate; mandibles not so elongate; costals usually not connected__ Neuromus
7. Ocelli very small, laterals more than four diameters apart;
antennae in both sexes pectinate; wings without prominent
MAPK! Soe Ek A Re AES AE) EOE A Ctenochauliodes
Ocelli large, laterals not over three diameters apart-__.___________________ 8
8. Antennae of male pectinate, of female not at all; wings with
spots, at least one in costal area before stigma_____________ Neochauliodes
Antennae of neither sex pectinate, in male a little serrate; wings
waithout«definite marks eee: tes Reena e KENNA PESO Ohi se Parachauliodes
Genus SIALIS Latreille
SIALIS SINENSIS, new species
PLATE 29, Figure 52
Body black, legs and antennae also; wings fumose, front pair
darker, almost black near base; head with the usual two submedian
stripes behind, not narrowed posteriorly, each side with two rows of
three rounded spots, and outside of these seven more or less elongate
spots. Surface of head not evenly punctate or granulose but covered
with many short, irregular ridges. The transverse suture above
antennae very distinct, in middle projecting angularly behind but
no impressed line or groove from this to the submedian elongate
spots. Pronotum a little more than twice as broad as long, a little
broader behind than in front, surface densely punctate.
Forewings have the costal area but little swollen, less than in many
species, 10 or 11 costal cross veins; the cross vein from subcosta to
radius but little more than its length from origin of radial sector
(usually much farther) ; the three radial cross veins at about equal
distances apart and from base of radial sector, the latter arises
plainly beyond the oblique cross vein between medius and cubitus.
180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
Tip of male abdomen projecting above, and below with a large cen-
tral opening; below this is a broad, oblique area.
Length of forewing, female, 12 mm.; male, 10 mm.
From Kuanshien, Szechwan.
Holotype male, U. S. N. M. No. 53142. Paratypes in U. S. N. M.
and M. C. Z.
Genus ACANTHACORYDALIS Weele
ACANTHACORYDALIS ORIENTALIS McLachlan
Two specimens from Kuanshien, Szechwan, 1,800 to 3,500 feet. I
have one from Ichang, Hupei. In all three the median pale stripe of
pronotum is nearly of the same width throughout, only a trifle wider in
anterior part, but not so much as in Van der Weele’s figure of A. kolbez
from Omei Shan, or so wide as his diagram of A. orientalis from
McLachlan’s photograph; and the photograph does not show it so wide.
On the sides of these specimens are several elongate pale stripes, very
similar to Van der Weele’s figure of A. kolbez; moreover McLachlan
says “somewhat irregular longitudinal lines, forming ill-defined bands
on either side.” Therefore I consider that A. kolbei is a synonym of
A. orientalis. McLachlan’s type was from Chia-ting-Fu, western
China.
Genus NEUROMUS Rambur
NEUROMUS IGNOBILIS Navas
Several from Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, July; near Mount Wei,
July 24 to August 4, 2,000 to 8,000 feet. Described from Kuanshien.
Very little different from WV. latratus McLachlan, wings more fulvous
than Jatratus, and latter is often darker toward tip.
NEUROMUS MCLACHLANI Weele
One from Long Tsi Shien, Mount Omei, about 3,000 feet. Mount
Omei is the type locality.
Genus PROTOHERMES Weele
PROTOHERMES DAVIDI Weele
Three from Szechwan, August 1928. It is the largest species in the
genus; P. horni Navas is evidently the same form.
PROTOHERMES FLAVIPENNIS Navas
One from Pei Bay, June (Gaines Liu), Szechwan.
PROTOHERMES COSTALIS Walker
One from between Mount Omei and Mount Wa, July 24 to August 4,
2,000 to 8,000 feet. Described from North China, also known from
Formosa.
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 181
PROTOHERMES XANTHODES Navas
Many from Chengtu, May 17-22, 1,700 feet, and near Suifu, May to
June. May be the same as P. rubidus Stitz, which has the head and
pronotum greatly darkened.
Genus NEOCHAULIODES Weele
NEOCHAULIODES SINENSIS Walker
Three from Suifu, May 10, 1,000 feet, also Peking. Widely dis-
tributed in China.
NEOCHAULIODES OCCIDENTALIS Weele
One from Suifu, August 1928; a large and more maculate form of
N. sinensis.
NEOCHAULIODES FRATERNUS McLachlan
One near Tsaotong, July 12, Yunnan, and one Szechwan, August
1928.
Genus CTENOCHAULIODES Weele
CTENOCHAULIODES FRIEDRICHI Navas
From Szechwan (no definite locality), and from Mount Omei,
11,000 feet, July. I have it from Kuanshien, May.
Family MICROMIIDAE (Hemerobiidae)
The genera of Micromiidae known to me from China and adjoining
areas can be tabulated as follows:
1. Forewings with a recurrent vein at base, costal area broadened
MOAT WASCH ek Ede OE Ei a ne Sk eS ea es 6
Forewings without recurrent vein, costal area more narrow at
ASC r= es RR a i A ree SE A Ot Ss a 7
i)
. Medius and cubitus in basal part well separated; but one series
of gradates beyond middle of wing; but two radial sectors;
wingsAverye Slender. 200 yaw Be he ee TA Lachobiella
Medius and cubitus running close together in basal part; two
series of gradates; three or more radial sectors____________________ 3
3. Medius not forked before the cross vein to cubitus; wings very
slender; nearly all gradates well separted________________________ Nenus
Medius forked before the cross vein to cubitus; wing less
slender, often many gradates more close to each other______________ 4
4. Some of costal cross veins near base connected to each other___ Phlebiomus
Rarely any of costal cross veins connected_.--__-=-_____-_____________ 5
5. But four radial sectors; gradates much separated_______________ Micromus
More than four radial sectors; gradates nearer each other___. Eumicromus
6. Forewing with but one, a median, series of gradates____________________ tf
Horewing) withyan outer series alsos se cee es ee en ee 8
185645—39 2
182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
7. Subeosta and radius as far separated as the veins behind them,
ANAVAYCONNEEEINL A CEOS sve Lin eee ee ee eR Annandalia
Subcosta and radius close to each other, almost touching in basal
Dar ee eee 2 Soe VR se IAEA RCO ON dh Re ET A Notiobiella
8. No outer gradates in hindwing) 222222) ee ee Sympherobius
An outer, gradate\ seriesainvhind wing see eee ee eee 9
9. First anal vein forked near middle, and the fork running
parallel to ‘veineo 22 eee ee eee 10
First anal vein with only short branches to margin or if forked,
then ‘the: fork .diverces ssa aie ee ae he as ee 12
10. Tip of wing plainly faleate; at least five radial sectors; costal
area very broad and some of the cross veins connected_____ Drepanacra
Tip OL Wing NOE Lal Cae Lee ae ee Ee I ee ee a ee eee 11
11. Four or five radial sectors, last with four or more branches;
cubitus runs far out, ending near outer margin; besides the
usual two there is a subbasal series of gradates______________ Neuronema
More than five radial sectors, last with but three branches; cubi-
tus ends on hind margin; but two series of gradates__________ Megalomus
12. Tip of wings falcate; but three radial sectors; first anal with
GEIST OMG i ce Sa aN ee Allemerobius
Tip of wane notvatvall faleate wee 7k PEN A es hE ee 13
13. In hindwing origin of first radial sector and fork of medius
are opposite; in forewing the cross vein from medius to cubi-
tus is as long as the ‘eross vein’ behind it-22 = --222 2 Boriomyia
In hindwing fork of medius is plainly beyond origin of first
radial sector; in forewing the cross vein from medius to cubi-
tus is plainly shorter than the cross vein behind it.
Hemerobius (or Mucropalpus)
Several subgenera may be recognized, as ndomicromus for those
species of Venus with a broader wing, and gradates less separated;
Schneiderobius for those Hemerobius with the cross vein between
radius and medius out near or even a little on the first radial sector.
Genus NEURONEMA McLachlan
NEURONEMA LAMINATA Tjeder
PLATE 28, FIGURES 26, 28
Several from Beh Luh Dun, July 30 to August 25; Mu Sang Tsai,
10 miles northwest of Weichow, July 2; O-Er, 26 miles north of Li
Fan, August 6, 9,000 feet; Tsi Kong, August 11, 13,000 feet; Hai Tsi
Ping, near Tatsienlu, August 5, 13,000 feet; and 9 miles southwest of
Tatsienlu, June 2-7, 8,500 to 13,000 feet. Described from Kansu.
The male genitalia, from side, show the superior lobe not nearly so
greatly swollen as in WV. deltoides, but much higher than long, and
with the wart about its width from the upper margin. The slender
piece below is inwardly curved and its tip has stout black spines; in
one specimen there projects from above base of this piece two slender
upcurved blades.
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 183
NEURONEMA SIMILIS, new species
PLATE 28, Figures 27, 30
In general similar to WV. sinensis Tjeder, but the dark basal part
of wing is not so dark, and the pale apical part is more broken by
marks, the outer gradates are brown, except lower three, in both
sexes; male genitalia very different.
Face pale, with a few faint dark marks, a dark brown spot over
base of each antenna; antenna pale, but inner side of basal joint
brown; pronotum brown, with a pale stripe through the middle,
mesonotum and metanotum largely brown; abdomen above and below
paler brown; legs pale, front femora dark above, front and mid
tibiae with the usual dark streaks.
Forewings marked much as the photograph of J. sinensis; gradates
mostly brown, but a few in each row usually pale; in hindwings
outer gradates dark, inner row hyaline, longitudinal veins mostly
brownish, a faint brown cloud on hind margin beyond end of anal
vein.
In forewings four radial sectors, the fourth with six or seven
branches; at inner gradates only two veins between the hyaline line
and the medius, about 6 inner gradates, 10 in middle series, and 14
in outer row.
In the male the superior plate is much longer and less high than
in other species, the wart is near the lower edge, and beyond it and
above it are two slightly swollen areas (dotted lines in figure), the
lower piece is not so long as in laminata and has a black tooth at
end; the inferior piece (ninth sternite) is much slenderer than in
laminata.
Length of forewing, male, 12 mm.; female, 18 mm.
Several from Yellow Dragon Temple, near Songpan, July 20,
12,000 to 14,000 feet.
Holotype, U. S. N. M. No. 53143. Paratypes in U. S. N. M. and
M: CeZ,.
ALLEMEROBIUS, new genus
In appearance like Hemerobius, with recurrent vein, but rather
narrow costal area; the fork of median vein is scarcely bent down,
so that the cross vein to cubitus is nearly as long as the one behind
it; it differs from both Boriomyia and Hemerobius in having the tip
of wing falcate, the outer margin being broadly, evenly concave,
three radial sectors (in genotype), two series of gradates, the first
anal vein with long fork.
184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. $8
ALLEMEROBIUS FLAVEOLUS, new species
PLATE 28, FIGURE 32
Body, legs, antennae, and wings distinctly pale yellowish, forewing
with a brown shade along hind margin, most prominent along the
concave outer border; some of the gradates faintly, but rather
broadly margined with pale brown; and near tip some veins have
faint shadings of brown on each side (as usual in Hemerobius) ;
along hind and outer margin there is a brown dot at end of each
veinlet, and one between; hindwing faintly yellowish, veins yellow,
unmarked.
Almost all costal cross veins are forked for fully one-third way
out; six inner and seven outer gradates, fairly evenly spaced except
that in outer row the one next to the top is much beyond the others,
and in the inner row the lower one is beyond the next. The lower
branch of the second fork of the third radial sector ends in the
acute tip of wing; a cross vein well before the first radial sector and
just before the forking of medius; the first anal forks a little beyond
middle. In hindwing four gradates in inner row, and six in outer
row, next to top much beyond the others.
Length of forewing, 10 mm.; width, 4.5 mm.
Two females, one from Gieh Yin Temple, Mount Omei, August
10-11, 9,500 feet (holotype), and one from O-Er, 26 miles north of
Li Fan, August 16-21, 10,000 feet ; also from Weichow, 65 miles north
of Chengtu, August 15; and Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, August 20,
4.000 to 6,000 feet. Holotype, U. S. N. M. No. 53144. Paratypes in
U.S.N-M. and M.C-Z.
Genus HEMEROBIUS Linnaeus
HEMEROBIUS CHIANGI, new species
PLATE 28, FIGURE 33
Face pale yellowish, shining, cheeks brown; vertex brownish on
sides, pale in middle; antennae dark brown, gradually fading to
pale at tip, inner and lower sides of basal joint pale; pronotum brown
on sides, broadly pale in middle, rest of thorax above pale, slightly
darker on sides; abdomen mostly brown; legs pale, hind tibiae not
swollen.
Forewings with mostly pale venation, most of cross veins dark,
three more prominent brown spots along the cubitus, stigma scarcely
marked; in hindwings the veins mostly pale, but radius and sector
toward tip are brown.
Wings moderately slender, tips hardly acute. Forewings with
three radial sectors, the third with four branches; fork of medius
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 185
is just behind origin of first radial sector, the first branch of cubitus
arises much beyond forking of medius; the cross vein from medius
to radius is a short distance out on the first radial sector, and is
hyaline; the medius at the cross vein to cubitus is scarcely bent, so
that the cross vein is almost as long as that from cubitus to anal
vein; about six inner gradates, and seven or eight outer ones, the
most posterior of inner series is plainly beyond the next.
Male appendages slender, inner edge with an erect, slender spine
beyond middle, but about twice its length before the tip.
Length of forewing, 9 mm.; width, 3 mm.
From Tsi King 13,000 feet, August 11, one male, holotype, U. 5.
N. M. No. 53145. A female from near Washan, 6,000 feet, July 26,
probably belongs here, venation about the same, but the antennae
are wholly pale. This species is related to H. poppei Petersen, which
Tjeder records from Kansu. WZ. poppei is said to have pale antennae,
darker at tip. Their figures show the spine heavier and nearer to
the tip. Petersen speaks of the cylindrical hindtibiae. There are,
however, differences in their figures, and there may be two species.
The basal venation is much as in H. pini and H. nitidulus for which
Kriiger makes Reuterobius and Schneiderobius, and it may be these
form a subgenus.
HEMEROBIUS GRAHAMI, new species
Face shining, very dark brown, cheeks also, vertex very dark, last
joint of palpi dark, antennae brown on outer side and above of basal
joint, below pale, other joints pale, with broad rings or brown at tips:
pronotum very dark brown, a pale median line, a little widened be-
hind, rest of thorax above also dark brown, no pale spots, except
faintly in middle front of mesonotum, hair on thorax very long;
abdomen also dark brown above and below. Forewings rather
heavily marked with brown; cross veins brown, longitudinal veins
mostly brewn, with short hyaline spots, the brown extended each side
on membrane, larger brown spots along median and cubitus, over the
first and last connecting veins, and halfway along over the second
and third branches of the cubitus; margin of wing faintly, but
broadly, infuscate, a few hyaline spots along outer and hind margin,
but much separated, stigma not especially marked; in hindwings veins
mostly brown, stigma more prominent.
Wings rather long, apex rounded, cross vein from radius to median
is near base, three radial sectors, equally separated, third forked
three times; first cross vein back to radius farther than usual beyond
second fork; seven inner gradates, last two close together, but last is
a little beyond the other; seven outer gradates, rather widely
separate; in hindwing five gradates in outer and two in inner row.
186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Forewing, 9.2 mm. long; 3.6 mm. wide.
One female from Suifu, April. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53146.
HEMEROBIUS BISPINUS, new species
PLATE 28, FicuRES 25, 29
Face pale yellowish, a brown spot each side under eye and con-
tinued down on clypeus; antennae pale; pronotum pale in middle,
with broad brown stripe each side, rest of notum pale, with dark at
base of wings; abdomen pale brownish above, paler below; legs pale,
unspotted, hind tibiae swollen.
Forewings pale, veins mostly pale, sparsely marked with brown,
gradates brown, a small brown mark over cross vein from medius to
cubitus and at bases of radial sectors, margin dark with a few pale
spots; hindwings with pale veins and brownish gradates, a faint dark
mark at end of anal.
Wings of moderate breadth, venation much as in humuli, lower
gradate of inner series plainly beyond next; six inner, seven outer
gradates. The male genitalia are more like H. ferow and H.
spinigerus, but the tip of the superior branch is pointed beneath, and
the two spinelike processes above are slenderer than in H. ferow, the
lower part is longer and slenderer than in H. ferow.
Length of forewing, male, 7.5 mm.; female, 10 mm.
Holotype, U. S. N. M. No. 53147, from Szechwan, March 11-21,
1933, altitude 2,000 feet; paratypes from Beh Luh Din, 30 miles north
of Chengtu, April 1-15. The larger female from Beh Luh Din does
not seem to differ.
The three species from Szechwan are separable as follows:
1. In forewings the cross vein from medius to radius is close to or
Out abit on thetirst radialisector2—- === a ee chiangi
In forewings this cross vein is near the base of wing, far from
Dasevolteradiall SCClOL2 262222 ee ee eee 2
PATS ENC CON AD E11 vam Cl ET ULE Cl Tes VOSS se bispinus
DEAE ened 70 OS Cea iy CR A ee ee grahami
Family PSYCHOPSIDAE
Genus BALMES Navas
BALMES TERISSINUS Navas
Many specimens south of Suifu, Yunnan border, April, and from
Chengtu, May.
Family CHRYSOPIDAE (Nothochrysidae)
The genera of Chrysopidae known from China and nearby areas
can be separated by the following table:
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 187
1, Costal area extremely broad from the very base_________-____ Ankylopteryx
Costal area at first very narrow, then gradually widening__________________ 2
2. Hind tibia not more than three times as long as hind tarsus;
third cubital cel] divided longitudinally____________________ Nothochrysa
Hind tibia more than three times as long as hind tarsus____-______________ 3
3. Cubitus of forewing running out to apical fifth of wing; cubital
area broader than the posteubital area_________-_-_________ Prochrysopa
Cubitus bends down to hind margin before apical third of wing__-____ SA
4, Third cubital cell longitudinally divided_-____________________ Leucochrysa
Third cubital cell obliquely divided, the vein ending on upper
TOTAT UTA OE COLE eee ee a a 8 Ee a ee 5
DeBUtItWwO LOWS OL e2badale, VEINICUS 2. ees Bee ae ee ee Chrysopa
Nore vthanetwor Lows Olle oars see eee, Ne ee ee ee eet 6
G6) Cross) veinsimanyvand not inrows 2s tee eee 2 ee Tumeochrysa
Crossiveins Inthreerowss— see ee ree a ae Se ae Chrysopidia
Chrysoplecta Navas, 1910, is the same as 7’wmeochrysa Needham,
1909.
Cintameva Navas was made for species having cross veins in the
costal area of stigma; this character is somewhat variable; but the
group includes (C. perla Linnaeus, which is the type of Chrysopa, so
falls.
Nineta Navas was made for Chrysopa vitiata, on account of the
rather more prominent cerci in the male; this is also a variable char-
acter. The type species in the hindwing has the radial sector separate
from the median near base, tho very close; other species placed in
Nineta have them partly united; at best it is a subgenus.
Genus NOTHOCHRYSA McLachlan
NOTHOCHRYSA AEQUALIS Walker
Three from Suifu, 1,000 to 2,000 feet.
Genus ANKYLOPTERYX Brauer
ANKYLOPTERYX 8-PUNCTATA Fabricius
One from Beh Luh Din, September 20-28, 6,000 feet.
Genus CHRYSOPIDIA Navas
CHRYSOPIDIA REGULATA Navas
PLATE 27, Figure 17
Two from near Washan, July 26, 6,000 feet, and Shih Men Kan,
Kweichow, July 28.
The discoidal cell is small, but the vein ends plainly beyond the
cross vein, eight or nine cubitals beyond; stigma with cross veins in
costal area; post cubital space scarcely broader than costal, but about
twice as wide as the cubital area; costals and gradates, and a few
other cross veins more or less plainly black; inner gradates extended
basally; only three or four free intermediates. Navas described it
from Yunnan.
188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOu, 88
CHRYSOPIDIA FUSCATA Navas
PLATE 27, Fieure 10
Very similar to regulata, but the pronotum is slenderer and nar-
rowed in front; the inner gradates are not extended basally and not
parallel to other rows; there may be six gradates in the middle row;
the divisory cell small; the costal area broader than in regulata; on
the outer side of the basal joint of the antennae is a more or less dis-
tinct reddish mark; eight or nine cubitals beyond the divisory cell;
stigmal area with many cross veins in the costal space, five or six
in the subcostal; palpi partly dark; six or seven free intermediates.
One from Chengtu, December 21, 1,700 feet; one from Beh Luh
Din, July 23, 6,000 feet; and one from Mount Omei, July 10-15,
4,000-6,000 feet. The last specimen has a reddish mark across each
side of face, the divisory ends at the cross vein.
Genus CHRYSOPA Leach
The species of Chrysopa from western China known to me are
separable as follows:
ft, Avdarkrspot underieachantenna==2 == se A SE Pe ed eae 2
Notdarkspotunder each antenna =_2s 222s ieee 6
2. These spots connected up to those on vertex to form an X-------~- furcifera
These spots not so connected == —_-_=—_- = ee 3
3. Two spots on vertex and one between antennae__---------------_-------- 4
No spots on vertex__------.---_--_~-------------------~------—-----=-- 3
4. Most costal eross veins dark; stigmal costal area not cross-
SVG ETN hae ke ee ae ae ee ee eee bicristata
Only a few costals near base dark; stigma] costal area with cross
BUEN Sepa se 8 A eet eI ee Pe kreyembergi
. A spot below outer side of each antenna, one on each cheek, and
one each side on clypeus, thus three spots close together on
On
each sidevoLtace apa lpipakchye Gates sa eee ee nee ee a eee illota
A spot below each antenna, and one on each side of the clypeus,
none on cheeks; palpi pale; stigma veined_______________~______ cognata
6. In forewing a dark spot covering the end branches of anal
vein; palpi pale, no marks on head; stigmal costal area
SUT EC re ae EI ID Cp RR a oe a (
INGOT SICH SpOt moray LOL CWA Wiese ee ee ae ee 8
. Some costal cross veins near base are partly black; few costal
cells three times as long as broad; hairs on veins moderately
=]
DT oe ase i a TN a chione
Costal cross veins wholly green, very numerous, and many cells
fully four times as long as broad; hairs on veins very long------ grahami
8. Branches of anal vein partly dark; divisory veinlet ends beyond
CLOSS .veinisa) dark Spot ontcheek: 222s 9
Branches of anals pale, divisory rarely ends beyond cross vein_--------- 10
9. Palpi pale; stigmal costal area not veined; sides of pronotum
SUVA OTE OCS ene a kiansuensis
Palpi dark; stigmal costal area with many cross veins; sides of
TOE GOTO BUM CC LS nes ce a ee ee ee ee alethes
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 189
10. No spots on face; veins wholly pale, palpi pale-____---~~------~-~_~- carnea
A dark spot on each cheek, and often on sides of clypens_-_-_----------- 11
11. Divisory ends at or before cross vein; gradates in each row
widelyascparated) palpi pattly, Gabke= sa a= aaa eee ee sinica
Divisory ends much beyond cross vein; gradates less separated
from each, Others. 222. ee TAS tk ee ee eee Se fratercula
CHRYSOPA GRAHAMI, new species
PLATE 27, FIGURES 7, 13
Head and body pale, unmarked, antennae and palpi pale; wings
with greenish venation; stigma rather dark, long, the costal part
broad and with many cross veins, subcostal part with two or three
cross veins; inner gradates dark; a black spot over the ends of the first
anal vein and its connection to the cubitus; in hindwings all veins
pale, but the inner gradates may be a little darker.
Wings broad, apex of hind pair acute, hairs on veins very long.
Forewing with the divisory veinlet ending beyond the cross vein,
eight or nine cubitals beyond it; inner gradates point toward the
stigma, not extended basally, outer gradates parallel to outer margin,
about 10 in each row, and in the row rather close to each other; radial
sector moderately curved; costal space at widest almost equal to the
postcubital area, latter from two and a half to three times as broad as
the cubital area; the costals are very numerous, fully 30 before the
stigma, and many of the cells are more than four times as long as
broad; about 16 radial cross veins. In hindwing the gradates are
about eight in each row, not parallel; the triangle between radial sec-
tor and median vein near base is larger than usual.
Forewing, 19 to 20 mm. long; 7 to 7.5 mm. wide.
Three specimens from near Washan, Szechwan, July 26, 6,000 feet.
Holotype, U.S. N. M. No. 53148. Paratypesin U.S. N.M.and M.C. Z.
CHRYSOPA CHIONE, new species
PLATE 27, FIGURE 12
Similar to C. grahami, not quite so large, but with the same black
spot over the anals as in that species, also there are no marks on head
or body, and antennae and palpi are pale; the stigma is also like that
species, and the divisory veinlet, and eight or nine cubitals beyond as
in grahami,
The forewings have the costal area much less broad and the costals
fewer, so that no costal cell is over three times as broad as long, and
6 to 10 of the costals toward base of the wing are partly black on outer
half; the inner gradates are dark, also sometimes the base of the radial
sector, otherwise the veins are pale.
In hindwing all the veins are pale, except sometimes the costals are
partly dark. In the forewing the post cubital area is about two to two
and a half times as broad as the cubital area.
185645—39
2
Oo
190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Forewings, 15 to 17 mm. long; 5.5 to 6.3 mm. wide.
From Beh Luh Din, July 27-31, 6,000 feet (holotype), and Mount
Omei, July, 11,000 feet, both Szechwan. Probably similar to C. dasy-
phlebia McLachlan, but that species has no black spots. Holotype,
U.S. N. M. No. 53149. Paratype in M. C. Z.
CHRYSOPA FRATERCULA, new species
Head pale, a dark mark under each eye, and one on lateral edge
of clypeus; palpi lightly marked with dark lines; antennae pale;
thorax, legs, and abdomen pale. Forewings with pale greenish vena-
tion, the gradates dark, many other cross veins dark at one end, the
costals at the subcosta, the radials at each end, the branches of radial
sector at the sector, and a few other cross veins toward base are partly
or wholly dark; stigma not very distinct. In hindwings some of
the costals and radials dark at one end, and the gradates partly or
wholly dark.
Wings of moderate width, acute at tip of hind pair, hairs rather
short.
In forewing the divisory ends beyond the cross vein, six cubitals
beyond it; postcubital area not twice as broad as the cubital, but about
as broad as the costal area; stigmal costal area without cross veins,
about four in subcostal part; gradates about seven in inner and
eight in outer row, parallel, in each row each veinlet is well separated
from the next (but not nearly so much so as in @. sinica.) In hind-
wing five gradates in inner row and seven in outer, rows parallel; the
triangle between the radial sector and the median is of moderate size.
Length of forewing, 138 mm.; width, 4.5 mm.
One from Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, July 1-17. Holotype,
U.S. N. M. No. 53150.
Probably related to C. sinica, but in that species the gradates are
fewer and more separated from one another, the divisory ends before
the cross vein, the palpi more dark, the pronotum less long, and often
reddish marks on head and thorax.
CHRYSOPA KIANSUENSIS Navas
Specimens from Chengtu, 1,700 feet, May 1, May 25, July 13; Shin
Kai Si, Mount Omei 6,000 feet and 11,000 feet; Hong Chuen Pin,
Mount Omei, August 27, 5,500 feet. One from Chengtu is the size
of type and has five gradates in each row, but most of the others are
somewhat larger and have one or two more veinlets in each gradate
series. There are seven cubitals beyond the divisory veinlet, the
postcubital area is hardly one fourth broader than the cubital area;
the stigmal costal area is without cross vein, but with two to four
in the subcostal part.
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 191
CHRYSOPA ALETHES, new species
PLATE 27, Ficure 15
Head pale yellowish, a dark mark on cheek, and lateral edge of
clypeus dark; antennae pale; palpi largely black. Thorax pale, pro-
notum, with a reddish stripe on each lateral margin; legs pale. Fore-
wings with partly pale venation, but about ten or more costals
wholly black, the radials partly dark, gradates and the anal branches
dark, and also several cross veins in basal part of wing. In hind-
wings the costals on basal half of wing are dark, the gradates more
or less dark, a few radials are partly darkened.
Wings of moderate width, tips subacute; hairs of moderate
length.
In forewings the divisory veinlet ends beyond the cross vein, seven
cubitals beyond it; the postcubital space not twice as broad as the
cubital, but a little broader than the costal area, no costal cell three
times as long as broad; about 12 radials; gradates about seven in
each row, rows nearly parallel, the inner row extended basally for
one or two cells. In the costal area of the stigma are a few cross
veins, and in the subcostal part about four cross veins.
In hindwings are four inner gradates and six in outer row, the
rows about parallel; the triangle between radial sector and median
vein is rather small.
Pronotum broader than long, obliquely narrowed each side in
front.
Length of forewing, 12 mm., width, 4.5 mm.
From Taichow, May 15 (holotype), and Chengtu, May 1. By
the numerous black cross veins it resembles C. kiansuensis, but the
palpi in that species are wholly pale. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No.
53151. Paratype in M.C.Z.
CHRYSOPA ILLOTA Navas
PLATE 29, F1iaurEe 48
Head pale, face with three subequal dark spots each side, one
below outer edge of the antenna, one below eye, and one at end of
the clypeus; palpi dark, antennae pale, pronotum with anterior corner
somewhat reddish. Forewing with costals wholly, the gradates
faintly, anal branches, base of radial sector, first intermediate, and
the divisory black; radials dark at upper end.
About 12 inner gradates and 7 or 8 outer, in each row they are
rather widely separated, the two rows eee except the basal
extension of inner row.
Divisory ends beyond the cross vein, eight cubitals beyond; radial
sector but little curved; post cubital area once and a half as broad
as the cubital area.
192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
In hindwings the costals mostly dark, and also the upper ends of
the radials. It was described from eastern China.
Two specimens from Suifu, 2,000 feet, and Songpan, July 11, 8,000
to 9,500 feet.
CHRYSOPA SINICA Tjeder
PLATE 27, FIGURE 11
Extremely common; Suifu, February, March; Beh Luh Din, April;
Kuanshien, April, November; Chengtu, March, April, May; O-Er,
near Li Fan, August, and Doug Men Wai, all in Szechwan.
I think this is probably the same as C.. hojfmanni Petersen.
The postcubital area is about twice as broad as the cubital area;
six cubitals beyond the divisory; stigmal costal area without veins,
and behind in the subcostal area two to four cross veins.
Some specimens are much marked with reddish like the American
C. interrupta, and since many specimens were taken early in spring
I presume that it hibernates as adult, as does (C. interrupta.
CHRYSOPA KREYEMBERGI Navas
One from Weichow, 65 miles north of Chengtu, August 1, 5,500
feet. The head marks are very similar to bicristata, but the costals
are mostly pale, only a few near base are darkened, and the costal
stigmal area has cross veins; the divisory cell is larger than in
becristata.
CHRYSOPA BICRISTATA Tijeder
PLATE 27, FIGURE 14
This is figured by Tjeder from Kansu as well as Szechwan. There
are specimens from Beh Luh Din, July 28, 6,000 feet; near Yen Tong
Shien, August 2, 1,300 to 1,600 feet; Ma Si Geo, August 17, 5,000
feet; Wen Chuan Shien, 30 miles northwest of Kuanshien, August
26, 5,000 feet; Doug Men Wai, August 18 (all Szechwan); and Yin
Kuan Tsai, Tibet, July 22, 13,000 feet.
The costal stigmal area is not veined; six cubitals beyond divisory.
It also occurs in Shantung and has been identified by Petersen as
bipunctata Burmeister, described from Japan, but Burmeister men-
tions only the dark spots below antennae, none on vertex or cheeks.
CHRYSOPA COGNATA McLachlan
PLATE 27, FIGURE 16
There are about 20 specimens of this widespread species: Suifu,
April 24; Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, August 17-25, 4,500 feet; La Ka
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 193
Pin, Mount Omei, August, 6,000 feet; Mount Omei, September 24;
Chengtu, September 1 (all Szechwan); and Kiating, China. C.
ricciana Navas is a synonym.
There are seven and sometimes eight cubitals beyond the divisory ;
the stigma has cross veins in the costal area; postcubital area not
twice as broad as cubital; inner gradates usually extended basally,
the rows parallel and parallel to hind margin. In one specimen the
third cubital cell is divided longitudinally as in Nothochrysa.
Family OSMYLIDAE
Genus OSMYLUS Latreille
OSMYLUS PUNCTIPENNIS Walker
One from between Fu Yao Lin Pass and Da Siang Pass, Szechwan,
600 feet.
This agrees well with a specimen from northeast India taken by
Thorey in 1865 but is a little larger (forewing 28 mm. long), but
venation and the small dark dots are the same. It was described
from North India; Dictyosmylus lunatus Navas, from the Hima-
layas, is the same.
Genus SPILOSMYLUS Kolbe
SPILOSMYLUS OBERTHURINUS Navas
Three females, one from Chin Chi Shien, west of Yachow, July 10,
5,500 feet; one from Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, July, 4,400 feet; and
one from Beh Luh Din, 30 miles north of Chengtu, July 25, 6,000
feet. Described from Yunnan.
SPILOSMYLUS EPIPHANES Navas
One from Szechwan (no definite locality).
Family MYRMELEONIDAE
Genus DENDROLEON Brauer
DENDROLEON INSOLITA, new species
Head pale, a broad black interantennal band from eye to eye, ver-
tex in front with transverse dark bands each side, not reaching eyes,
and above on each side two dark transverse areas widest near middle,
and bordered with pale, the posterior one connected to a short lon-
gitudinal dark spot, also bordered with pale; pronotum pale, three
narrow black stripes, the lateral ones halfway to margin; meso- and
metanotum broadly dark through middle and each side with two
dark lines; pleura pale, with a black stripe. Abdomen pale above,
dark on sides and at ends of joints; venter pale, darker at tips of
194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL, 88
joints; legs pale, first femora mostly black above, tibia also with
dark stripe above, apical half of tarsus dark; hind femora mostly
dark, but a pale stripe each side.
Wings pale, no large marks, nor any distinct stripes as in D.
floridus,; veins mostly dark, subcosta with numerous short pale spots,
radius with much fewer but longer pale streaks, other longitudinal
veins pale in streaks, many cross veins partly or wholly dark, but
some, especially toward tip, are white; in forewings a dark dot at
end of anal, one on hind margin two-thirds way out to anal dot,
another at rhegma, and one over last radial cross vein before stigma,
latter indistinct; many of outer forkings are more or less dark; the
fork of medius is jet black. Hindwings without these dark spots, but
the veins more or less marked with dark.
Wings a little slenderer than in D. floridus, the tips slightly falcate ;
the costal area not so broad as in D. floridus, more like D. pantherinus.
Three cross veins before radial sector in forewing, eleven branches to
radial sector, the cubital fork runs down nearer to margin than usual,
the outcurving vein from end of cubital fork is not so long as in
floridus, only three connections to the cubitus and these not crossed,
the first branch of cubitus beyond the cubital fork is much farther
from the next than in floridus, about nine cubital cross veins before
cubital fork and none of them crossed.
In hindwing but one cross vein before radial sector 11 branches to
radial sector, the first farther basad than in flortdus. Pronotum
moderately slender; tibial spurs longer than the long basal joint of
tarsus; hair on pronotum, legs, and most of that on abdomen black.
Length of forewing, 35 mm.; width, 9.5 mm.
One from Doug Men Wai, 10 miles west of Weichow, July 21, 5,600
to 8,500 feet, Szechwan. Holotype, U.S. N. M. No. 53152.
This looks like a narrow-winged, unmarked PD. jloridus, but besides
the head and pronotal marks there are various differences in venation
near cubital fork.
DENDROLEON FLORIDUS Navas
From Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, August, 3,000-5,000 feet, Szech-
wan. D. parabolicus Navas is a synonym. D. floridus was described
as a Glenurus.
Genus EPICANTHACLISIS Okamoto
EPICANTHACLISIS CONTINENTALIS Petersen
From O-Er, 26 miles north of Li Fan, 9,000 feet; and Beh Luh Din,
August 24, 6,000 feet, Szechwan.
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 195
Genus EUROLEON Navas
EUROLEON ALIENUS Navas
From Doug Men Wei, 10 miles west of Weichow, August 18-22,
July 29, 5,600 feet; and O-Er, 26 miles north of Li Fan, 9,000 feet;
both Szechwan.
INDOPHANES, new genus
Belongs to the Glenurini; wings much as in Paraglenurus (Gle-
nuroides). In forewings the second anal vein runs up close to first,
then bends down at an angle to unite to the third; radial sector
arises much beyond the cubital fork, about 8 to 10 cross veins before
the radial sector; costal cross veins simple, a few beyond middle
forked. In hindwings the radial sector arises much before cubital
fork, one cross vein before it. Pronotum moderately long; antennae
not especially long; legs long and slender, tarsus with basal and apical
joints about equally long, spurs long, but equal to only two joints, last
tarsal joint not recurved, with many spines below, claws but little
more than one half of last joint.
Type, Myrmeleon barbarus Walker.
Includes also Uf. infestus Walker and M/. audax Walker, and the
new species below.
The genus is separated from the other Oriental Glenurini as indi-
cated in the following table:
1. Last tarsal joint recurved, densely clothed below with spreading
spines; claws nearly as long as the last tarsal joint_____-__ Paraglenurus
Last tarsal joint nearly straight, not so densely spined, claws
ShHoOLtersshe sais ete Aer en ne) Sve os be Beet Ro os 2
2. More than 12 branches to radius beyond union with subcosta;
many costal cells four or five times as long as broad; bristles
on hind femora but little longer than width of joint-___-_-__-_-__________ 2
Less than 12 branches to radius beyond union with subcosta;
few costal cells (except near stigma) more than three times as
long ‘as broads... 2. Se eee ee Bs 2K ele he oe 4
3. Outer fourth of costal area before stigma with two rows of cells;
forewings! noteraleate at ships+ = a= ee ee eee Delgadus
Only a few costals, if any, before stigma divided; forewings
pL eR ye AN aes a a we ee Indoleon
4. Spurs equal to four tarsal joints; hind femora and tibiae heavily
spined, lower inner and outer rows of spines_-__---__-_-_______ EHophanes
Spurs equal only about two joints; mid and hind femora only
wealiliy. SING Gs 5 sooo a ae Se es Indophanes
Negrokus Navas, 1930, apparently goes in this tribe; it is said to
lack spurs.
196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
INDOPHANES SINENSIS, new species
Head with a black interantennal mark, vertex with dark patch
each side; antennae not reaching end of thorax, brown, tips of joints
narrowly pale, and a broad pale area over several joints at the begin-
ning of the clavate tip. Pronotum with four black stripes, middle
pair well separated and complete, laterals ending at the furrow; rest
of thorax above mostly black, some pale on anterior lobe, a short, pale
stripe each side on mesonotum, and the hind margins of scutelli pale;
pleura mostly dark. Abdomen dark; tip of first segment pale, second
and third segments with a median pale spot before the middle, and
the tips narrowly pale; other segments narrowly pale at tip; hair
short and black, except in pale areas.
Legs slender, pale, femora and tibiae rather minutely dotted, and
with black bands at tips, tibiae also with a dark mark near base, and
hind tibiae with two dark lines, one on anterior side, other on outer
side; tarsal joints dark at tips.
Wings hyaline; veins mostly dark, and the longitudinal veins in-
terrupted with pale; stigma pale, rhegma with an oblique dark streak,
and before it are some wholly white cross veins; an oblique dark line
up from end of cubital fork; im hind wings stigma pale, and a dark
spot at rhegma; in both wings a few outer cross veins are margined
with dark, and beyond rhegma the outer marginal veins dark, but no
distinct cloud.
Pronotum a trifle longer than broad, not so slender as in barbara but
fully as long as in audax, Forewings slightly more acute than dar-
bara, hindwings no longer than forewings, and acute at tip; in fore-
wings about eight cross veins before radial sector, none crossed, nine or
ten branches of radia! sector; before the cubital fork no cross veins
connected; one cross vein from second anal back to first at the union of
second and third, third anal forked, or so united the fork may appear
from second anal.
Forewing length, 32 mm.; width, 9 mm.
From Szechwan (no definite locality), China (Graham). Holotype,
U.S.N.M. No. 53153. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z.
Family RHYACOPHILIDAE
Genus RHYACOPHILA Pictet
RHYACOPHILA SINENSIS Martynoy
From Wei Chow, August 10, 7,000-12,500 feet, and O-Er, 6 miles
north of Li Fan, August 16, 10,800 feet, both Szechwan. This species
is very close to 2. hobsoni from Tibet. In sinensis the second joint of
the lower appendages is shorter and the lower branch no longer.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
SSS
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PL. 27
poe
_ Psilotreta chinensis, new species: Forewing. (See also figs. 67, 68, 70.)
. Togoperla graham1, new species: 2, Genitalia; 5, genital process from side.
. Nogiperla chiang1, new species: 3, Ventral plate; 8, male venter; 9, cercus from
side and above.
_ Marthamea armata, new species: 4, Genital process from side; 6, tip of fifth
dorsal segment.
. Chrysopa grahami, new species: 7, Forewing; 13, part of hindwing.
. Chrysopidia fuscata Navas: Forewing.
. Chrysopa sinica Tjeder: Part of hindwing.
. Chrysopa chione, new species: Part of forewing.
. Chrysopa bicristata Vjeder: Part of hindwing.
. Chrysopa alethes, new species: Part of forewing.
. Chrysopa cognata McLachlan: Part of hindwing.
. Chrysopidia regulata Navas: Part of hindwing.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PL. 28
18, 19.
20.
O22:
23, 24.
25, 29.
26, 28.
27, 30.
31.
303
33.
Stenopsyche moselyi, new species: 18, Genitalia from above, titillator from side
and below; 19, genitalia from side, lower appendages from below.
Stenopsyche martynov1, new species: Genitalia, side and above; titillator, below.
Stenopsyche pjasetzkyt Martynov: 21, Genitalia from side; 22, genitalia from
above, titillator from below, lower appendages from below.
Stenopsyche navasi Ulmer: 23, Genitalia from above, lower appendages from
below; 24, genitalia from side.
Hemerobius bispinus, new species: 25, Male appendage from side; 29, tip of
upper appendage from above.
Neuronema laminata Tjeder: 26, Inner appendage from side; 28, genitalia, side.
Neuronema similis, new species: 27, Last ventral segment; 30, genitalia from side.
Pseudostenophylax minimus, new species: Median teeth. (See also fig. 36.)
Allemerobius Haveolus, new genus and species: Part of forewing.
Hemerobius chianzi, new species: Genitalia from side and above.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PL. 29
34, 41, 43.
35, 39:
36.
3753105 51s
40.
42, 45.
44, 46.
47,
48.
49, 50.
52.
33
Pseudostenophylax brevis, new species: 34, Tip of female from above; 41, lower
appendages; 43, median teeth and genitalia from side.
Pseudostenophylax amplus (McLachlan): 35, Male, behind; 39, genitalia, side.
Pseudostenophylax minimus, new species: Lower appendages and genitalia from
side. (See also fig. 31.)
Pseudostenophylax (Trichophylax) monticola, new species: 37, Lower appendages;
38, inner appendages and genitalia from side; 51, female from side.
Platyphylax rubescens Martynov: Male from behind and side.
Pseudostenophylax mimicus, new species: 42, From behind; 45, tip of male, above.
Philopotamus sinensis, new species: 44, Genitalia from side; 46, genitalia, above.
Pseudostenophylax amplus (McLachlan): Female from above.
Chrysopa illota Navas: Side of head.
Psilopterna sinensis, new species: 49, Male from behind, from side, front tarsus,
and tip of female from above; 50, part of forewing.
Sialis sinensis, new species: Tip of abdomen from side.
Halesinus fenestratus, new species: Female from side.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PL. 30
63.
64.
67, 68, 70.
69,
ale
. Himalopsyche navasi, new genus and species: 54, Forewing; 55, genitalia from
side and above.
. Himalopsyche (Himalophanes) anomala, new subgenus and species: 56, Genitalia
from side, tip of female from above; 60, ovipositor.
. Himalopsyche martynovt, new species: 57, Superior plate; 58, genitalia from side.
. Himalopsyche hageni, new species: Genitalia from above and side.
. Himalopsyche alticola, new species: Genitalia from side.
62, 65, 66.
Glossosoma aequalis, new species: 62, Anal area of forewing and discal cell; 65,
ventral process and superior plate; 66, genitalia from side.
Glossosoma anale Martynov: Ventral process.
Himalopsyche lachlani, new species: Genitalia from above, side, and below.
Psilotreta chinensis, new species: 67, Genitalia from side; 68, genitalia from
above and tip of penis; 70, lower appendages. (See also fig. 1.)
Hydropsyche grahami, new species: Clasper, penis from side and above, and
superior plate from above.
Evanophanes insignis, new genus and species: Head from above and maxillary
palpus.
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 197
RHYACOPHILA GRAHAMI, new species
Body brown to black, tip of abdomen yellowish; basal joint of an-
tenna dark, beyond pale; legs mostly pale, but tibiae broadly dark at
tips of front and mid pairs, mid and hind tarsi dark.
Forewings dark brown, with scattered small pale spots, mostly along
each side of the veins, some in the costal area, from cubitus to second
anal darker; the anal area mostly pale, with some brown spots, espe-
cially toward its tip; there are two large pale areas reaching forward
from the anal area almost to the cubitus; the first one (before middle) is
narrow and its apex sometimes a separated spot, the second one (near
tip) is much broader and reaches the cubitus in two spots a little
before the base of fork five. Hindwings gray, darker in stigmal area.
Legs slender, spurs quite long, spurs and weak spines are yellowish.
In forewing fork one is a little before two, forking of the medius
just about opposite that of radial sector, forks three and four both
with long pedicel. In hindwing fork one is beyond fork two. The
female has a short, tapering ovipositor.
Length of forewing, 13 mm.; width, 4.2 mm.
From Yellow Dragon Temple, Songpan, 12,000 to 14,000 feet.
The large pale spots will readily separate it. Holotype, U.S.N.M.
No, 43154. Paratype in M.C.Z.
HIMALOPSYCHE, new genus
In nearly all respects like Rhyacophila; it is at once separated
therefrom by the presence of a broad wart on the metacutellum. This
wart is often more or less plainly divided, and bears long hairs.
There is no ventral process to the abdomen, and the wings, both fore
and hind, show a stigmal vein, a branch of the radius or of the
subcosta and usually connected to both. Al! are large species, with
more or less pointed wings.
Genotype, Phyacophila tibetana Martynov.
It includes also R. carletonit Banks, R. auricularis Martynov, and
doubtless maculipennis, lanceolata, gigantea, japonica, and all the
very large Asian species and the several new species below.
HIMALOPSYCHE HAGENI, new species
PLATE 30, Figure 59
Head dark, some pale hair in front, that on vertex black; palpi
dark brown; antennae dark on the basal joint, beyond pale, faintly
annulate. Thorax dark brown on the sides above, more reddish
through the middle, bristles from the strips pale; abdomen dark
above, tips of segments pale, pale beneath. Legs pale, front femora
198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
darker, front and mid tibiae with dark marks near the middle and
before the tip. Forewing mostly brown, with many small pale spots,
mostly on or near costal area before stigma, along veins, and an
oblique area across the apical cells, a white spot on margin in each
apical cell; behind toward base are two larger pale areas, sometimes
connected, both somewhat triangular, mostly behind the anal vein,
but the outer one reaching forward to the cubitus; there is much black
hair along cubitus and anal veins. Hindwings faintly gray, marked
with brown toward tip, especially in front.
Venation much as in other species, fork one plainly before fork
two in forewing, not in hindwing; outer margin of wing hardly
convex. Male genitalia similar to R. maculipennis Ulmer; but the
intermediate appendages are much shorter, the superior median
process more heavy, the inferior appendages broader, not widened
before tip, and the penis shows two teeth below.
Forewings, 20 mm. long; 6 mm. wide (Ulmer gives no size to
R. maculipennis), other specimens 15 to 22 mm.
From 9 miles southwest of Tatsienlu, June 23-27, 8,500 to 18,000
feet (Holotypes) ; Wenchuan, November, December; Wa Si Geo,
August 18, 6,000 feet; Hai Tsi Ping, near Tatsienlu, August 5, 18,000
feet; Jedo, near Tatsienlu, August 16; Chiang Ku, July 12-15, in
Szechwan.
Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53155. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z.
The male genitalia are very similar to those of 2. maculipennis
Ulmer from Kuku-nor, but the lower appendages are evidently
heavier in H. hageni, the superior median piece broader at base; and
in the description of forewings there is no mention of the large pale
spots in anal area, and the ground color is evidently pale, while in
hageni the membrane is largely dark except for pale spots.
HIMALOPSYCHE LACHLANI, new species
PLATE 30, Fieure 64
Head dark, hair mostly black; palpi dark, basal joint of antennae
dark, beyond pale brown, tips of joints narrowly pale; thorax above
dull reddish brown, sides hardly darker, bristles from strips and
those above wing base black. Abdomen dull reddish brown, tip and
venter paler. Legs pale, front and mid tibiae mostly dark, but a
narrow pale band a little before the tip.
Forewings brown, densely and rather evenly sprinkled with pale
spots, the brown with short golden hair, the pale spots with white
hair; much black hair near cubitus and anal veins. The pale spots
most numerous along veins, many in costal area, one on margin
in each apical cell, no larger pale areas. Hindwings gray, slightly
marked with brown in apical area in front, and along outer margin
are a few faint pale spots.
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 199
Venation much as in others; fork one plainly before fork two in
forewings, not in the hindwings; stigmal vein a branch from the
radius, but in hindwings with an oblique connection from base to the
subcosta.
Male genitalia rather short; above is a slender, pointed, median
piece, widened and tricarinate at base, intermediate appendages
slender, more than one halfway to tip of median piece, and with
recurved bristles near tip; lateral appendages strongly spatulate,
lower pieces broad and with an upturned tip; both from above and
below is seen a little black spine each side near the base.
Forewing, 21 mm. long; 6.5 mm. wide.
From Yu Long Si, 15,600 feet, August 14, Tibet (holotype) ; Chung
Ku, July 12-15, 11,000 feet; and Hai Tsi Ping, near Tatsienlu, August
5, 18,000 feet, Szechwan. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53156. Paratype
in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z.
HIMALOPSYCHE AURICULARIS (Martynov)
Two females from U Long Kong, near Tatsienlu, July 25, 10,000
to 15,000 feet. The type (a male) was from Tatsienlu, with expanse
of 52 mm. One of the females is about 53 mm., the other 50 mm.
The female differs from H. martynovi in that the ventral piece is a
long, slender horn.
HIMALOPSYCHE MARTYNOVI, new species
Puate 30, FicureEs 57, 58
Head and palpi pale rufous, hair on front yellowish, on vertex
black; antennae pale brownish yellow, basal joint darker, tips of
joints beyond also dark; thorax above dull rufous, darker on sides
of mesonotum, hair pale, except that above wing base which is black;
abdomen dull brownish, tip and venter paler; legs pale, front and mid
tibiae with broad black bands above at middle and at tip, these tarsi
dark at tips of the joints.
Wings pale, nearly hyaline, densely irrorate with pale brown, spots
most noticeable in costal area, and along the veins, between veins
faint and minute irrorations; stigma dark; along cubitus and anal
veins much black hair, and an oblique line of black hair from hind
base of wing obliquely up to base of cubitus; a hyaline spot on
thyridium.
Hindwings pale gray, stigma darker. In forewings forks one and
two are about equal, in hindwing fork one much beyond fork two.
Male genitalia has a slender reddish median plate ending in two
long lobes, and with a median groove from near base to near tip, each
side the lateral appendages have erect hair; seen from side the lateral
appendages are very broad, deeply divided, the upper part much the
200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
smaller and shorter and ends in a down-curved swollen lobe, the
lower part is somewhat ligulate and tapers to a sharp tip; lower
appendages very long and slender, the apical part short and slightly
upturned.
Forewing, 21.5 mm. long; 7 mm. wide.
From near Tan Gu, 14,000 feet, August 3-6, Tibet. Holotype,
U.S.N.M. No. 53157.
A female from O-Er, 26 miles north of Li Fan, August 16, 10,800
feet, Szechwan, may be the same species; it is scarcely differently
marked, but fork three in fore and hind wing reaches to the cross
vein, while in the type, as in all other species seen, fork three has a
pedicel at least a fifth of the length of the fork.
HIMALOPSYCHE ALTICOLA, new species
PLATE 30, FicuRE 61
This is closely related to H. martynovi in size, color, markings,
shape, and venation of wings but differs in the male genitalia. Seen
from above there is a long median projection ending in two lobes
much as in martynovi; seen from side the broad plate is divided by
a narrow incision on its outer edge, the upper part is broad, with an
oblique outer edge, somewhat incurved, and very hairy, the lower
part is also broad, its lower edge on the apical half is concave. The
lower appendages are heavier than in H. martynovi, and the division
is near the middle; they are also hairier than in martynovi.
From Chagra Pass, July 18, 13,000 to 14,000 feet (holotype) ;
Chung Ku, July 12-15, 11,000 feet; Jedo, near Tatsienlu, August 16,
12,000 feet; Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, August 6-7, 4,500 feet;
Wenchuan, November, December; and no definite locality, July 9-12,
6,000 to 18,500 feet, all Szechwan.
Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53158. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z.
HIMALOPSYCHE NAVASI, new species
PLATE 30, Fiaures 54, 55
Head, palpi, and antennae pale yellowish, with white hair on head,
vertex with a brown stripe each side near middle; antennae un-
marked; mesonotum pale in middle, brown, on sides, hairs from the
strips pale, and those above wing base also pale; metanotum obscure
dull brownish; abdomen dark brown above, tip and venter paler;
legs very pale, front and mid tibia not marked with dark.
Forewings pale, marked with pale brown and some dark brown, a
double pale-brown streak near the outer margin, a more or less defi-
nite curved dark streak from tip of wing, close by the hyaline spot
of thyridium, and thence to the anal veins; from the anal veins back
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 201
to base is a broad brown streak, and most of anal area brown; in
these dark areas there are streaks or spots of black hair, three such
along hind margin of radius, the first at origin of radial sector, a
long one over base of posterior side of fork two; on the pale areas
of membrane there is very short golden hair.
Hind wings faintly yellowish, the stigma more plainly so, all
clothed with fine yellow hairs, and the fringe also yellowish.
In forewings fork one is plainly a little before fork two, in hind
wings scarcely before, fork three in forewing has a long pedicel,
nearly one-half as long as the fork.
Male genitalia on the plan of H. japonica Morton, the lower ap-
pendages very large, and with a curved pointed process below, which,
seen from above, has its tip toothed. From above the superior plate
is broad at base, tapering to the tip, but with rounded sides, plainly
indented near middle, and each side is a long slightly curved prong,
not curved and sinuate as in Morton’s figure 5 of H. japonica.
Forewings 17 mm. long; 5 mm. wide.
Male from Yim Na San, Kwantung, June 14 (Gressitt) (holo-
type); a female, forewing 22 mm. long, from Chengtu, Szechwan
(Graham). Holotype in M.C.Z. Allotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53159.
This is the species that Ulmer treats in his “Fauna Sinica” as
Rhyacophila japonica; the inferior appendages are very similar, but
the superior parts are very different from Morton’s figure and
description of the type.
HIMALOPHANES, new subgenus
This I treat as a subgenus of Himalopsyche, with which it agrees
in general structure, including the hairs on metascutellum; the
female, however, has a true ovipositor, so different from the others,
and so much like certain Locustidae, that I think it should be sepa-
rated at least subgenerically. What I consider the male has the
genitalia rather different from the style of the others, the upper
parts being extended caudally.
HIMALOPSYCHE (HIMALOPHANES) ANOMALA, new species
PLATE 30, FicuRES 56, 60
Head pale dull rufous, with white hair, but black on posterior
warts; palpi and antennae pale, latter on upper surface somewhat
embrowned. Thorax dull rufous, darker on sides of mesonotum,
bristles from the strips pale, those over wing base black; abdomen
dull black above, tip and venter paler. Legs pale, front and middle
tibiae above with dark mark at base, beyond middle, and at tip, tips
of these tarsal joints dark. Forewings densely irrorate with brown
spots, mostly near front and hind margins and along the veins, be-
tween veins spots small or faint, several of the larger brown marks
202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
tend to form oblique bands over the cubital and anal veins, two or
three pale spots on margin of each apical cell. Hair on membrane
partly black, partly yellowish. Hind wings grayish, stigma more
yellowish, and some faint brown marks along outer margin.
Forewings proportionally broader than in other species, venation
much as in others, fork one in forewings hardly or a little before the
second, in hindwings fork one beyond or almost equal to fork two,
fork three of forewings with the usual short pedicel.
The ovipositor is very long, narrowed, and a little down-curved
near tip; its length is about twice the height of last abdominal
segment; its two internal blades have a thickened dorsal edge, and
end ina spine. It is not the gradually tapering ovipositor found in
various Rhyacophila but looks much like those of certain Orthoptera,
for example Udeopsylla.
Length of forewing, 20 mm.; width, 8 mm.
From 9 miles southwest of Tatsienlu, Szechwan, July 23-27, 8,500
to 18,000 ft. (holotype) ; and near Washam, July, 4,000 to 6,000 feet.
Holotype, U. S. N. M. No. 53160. Paratypes in U. S. N. M. and
ECT:
I have described these females on account of the remarkably
orthopteroid ovipositor; they cannot be the females of any male of
Himalopsyche that I have seen, and the females are described for
several that I have not seen.
A male from Chengtu, 1933, is probably the male of this species;
the upper parts of the genitalia are greatly elongated, the tip of the
middle appendage ending (seen from above) in two lobes, each with
a small tooth, the lower appendages are long, widest toward tip, the
apical section more than twice as long as the basal part. The general
appearance, size, coloration, and venation agree with the females.
Genus GLOSSOSOMA Curtis
GLOSSOSOMA AEQUALIS, new species
PLATE 30, FicurEes 62, 65, 66
This is very similar to G. anale except in the male characters of
wing and genitalia; in the anal area of forewings the swollen area
is much shorter, scarcely halfway to end of the second anal vein,
whereas in G. anale it is more than two-thirds the way to end. In
G. anale the area is densely clothed with short, yellowish, scalelike
hairs all over; in G. aequalis there are some yellowish hairs in basal
half, not so scalelike, and beyond are few yellowish hairs but many
short black bristles.
Venation is much as in G. anale, but the discal cell has a short straight
top, and there is a distinct connection back to the curve of the radius;
cell two is broader at base than in G. anale, and the connection to
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 203
median vein is much before the base of the third cell. The male
genitalia has the median ventral piece with a slenderer tip, from side
the apical pieces are more pointed; the process of the seventh ventral
segment is very broad, and shorter than in @. anale (fig. 63).
Length of forewing, 8 mm.
Several specimens from Beh Luh Din, 30 miles north of Chengtu,
August 7-28, 6,000 feet (holotype) ; Wenchuan, November—December ;
and Kuanshien, November 20. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 58161. Para-
type in M.C.Z.
GLOSSOSOMA CAUDATUM Martynov
One male from Beh Luh Din, August 7, 6,000 feet, and one from
Wenchuan, November. The anal area is extremely similar to that of
G. malayanum Banks, but in the latter the median ventral piece is
broad and has a long, slender tip. G. valvatwm Ulmer is also similar
in anal area, but the superior pieces (seen from side) are quite differ-
ent; it occurs in eastern China.
GLOSSOSOMA ANALE Martynov
PLATE 30, FIGURE 63
Two from Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, July.
Family HY DROPSYCHIDAE
Genus STENOPSYCHE McLachlan
The species of Stenopsyche that are recorded below can be distin-
guished by the following table:
1. In hindwings the little cell at end of the united subcosta and
radius is incomplete; in male the titillators are forked at tip
onhave lateral projectionstilarger species === aaa ee ee eee 2
In hindwings the little cell is complete; in male the titillators are
neither forked nor havewlateral pprocessess 222 eee ee eee 3
2. Male titillators have some lateral processes before tip; fore-
wings rather long, rarely with large pale areas behind________-__ grahami
Male titillators have the tip forked; wings broader, and usually
with one or more large pale areas behind__________-__--___________ navasi
8. The processes of the superior plate are rather close together at
base, and curve downward, nearly parallel____________________ martynovi
These processes are wide apart at base and do not curve down-
Ward tnearlyeparallel see. 2s Naat ee eee ee se ea 4
4, These processes are rather long and curve toward each other
MOTUZOTICA Tyee = caer See eee ek canes en ees a ae Dk ae 3 stotzneri
These processes do not curve toward each other, their tips far
204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yoL. 88
5. The slightly curved processes arise one each side near the base
of the superior plate, which is very long, broad, and narrowed
OVER TCE A ee le LL ne pe QL As cd laminata
The nearly straight processes arise from outer corner of the
broadly ‘truncateisuperior platessa) ee ee eee eee 6
6. The processes are very short, more than twice the length apart,
with very short tip, penis with two long spines below near tip__ pjasetzkyi
The processes are fairly long with a long slightly curved tip-_______~ moselyi
STENOPSYCHE NAVASI Ulmer
PLATE 28, FIGURES 23, 24
Many specimens, evidently the most common species: Beh Luh
Din; Tatsienlu; Suifu; Wa-Li-Geo; near Washan; Mount Omei; near
Kuanshien; Chin Chi Shien; near Moupin, July 22-24; Chung Ku,
July 12-25, 11,000 feet (all Szechwan); and near Tang-Gu, Tibet.
STENOPSYCHE GRAHAMI Martynov
From Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei; Beh Luh Din; Li Ki Pin, Mount
Omei; near Weichow; Kuanshien; Wen Chuan Shien; near Moupin,
July 22-94,
The females resemble those of S. navasz but generally have longer
wings.
STENOPSYCHE STOTZNERI Dohler
Quite common; from Beh Luh Din; Chengtu; Jedo Pass; Kuan-
shien; Yin Shien Wan; Wen Chuan Shien; Wa-Li-Geo; Shin Kai Si,
Mount Omei; and near Moupin, July 22-24. Mostly in the northern
part of Szechwan, described from Kuanshien.
STENOPSYCHE LAMINATA Ulmer
From Chengtu, Mount Omei; Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, August 6;
Kuanshien; and near Moupin, July 22-24.
Forewings paler and less marked than the other species.
STENOPSYCHE MARTYNOVI, new species
PLATE 28, FIGURE 20
About the size and general appearance of S. stotzneri; smaller and
not so deeply marked as S. navast or S. grahami. Face with
yellowish-gray hair below and a small tuft of black each side by the
eye; above, between antennae, and on vertex with white hair. Palpi
and antennae dull yellowish, latter annulate with brown at tips of
the joints; thorax dull yellowish, prothorax, mesothorax in front and
aeso and metathorax each side behind with rather long white hair.
Abdomen dull yellowish brown, appendages paler. Legs pale, broad
marks of black near base and just before tip of mid and fore tibiae,
and one on these metatarsi, hindtibia of male nearly white. Fore-
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 205
wings pale brown, spotted and dotted with hyaline or whitish, hair
mostly black and most noticeable near cubitus, much of anal area
often pale and toward end of first anal, but the pale spots are mostly
irregular and often clustered. Hindwings whitish, gray toward tip.
Forewing about as slender and pointed as S. stotzneri, venation as
in that species, in the hindwing the end of subcosta runs into the
upper branch from discal cell (not in navast or in grahami). The
male appendages are on the plan of St. stotzneri; but the upper
appendages are longer, and the lateral appendages much longer,
reaching beyond the middle of the upper appendages; the lower
appendages are also much longer than in S. stotznert, and widened
a little before tip. The titillators are longer, the tip enlarged much
like a foot and bent outward (in stotzner2 simply with a recurved
tip) ; on the superior plate the two curved spinelike processes are wide
apart in stotznert and curve toward each other, but in martynovié
they are close together at base and nearly parallel.
Forewing 21 to 23 mm. long.
From Yin Kuan Tsai, China-Tibet border, 18,000 to 15,000 feet,
July 25 (about 15 males) (holotype); also from Yachow, August 28,
and Yin Shiu Wan, July 22, both in Szechwan. Various females
from these localities evidently belong to this species. Holotype,
U.S.N.M. No. 53162. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z.
STENOPSYCHE MOSELYI, new species
PLATE 28, F1GuRES 18, 19
A small species, with numerous brown bars across the cells of the
forewing, much as in S. laminata.
Face dark; hair on vertex, pronotum, and thorax mostly snow-
white, each side on pronotum and at base of forewings there is some
black hair. Palpi brown; antennae pale, with an oblique dark ring
at tip of each joint; legs pale, with the usual dark bands on front and
mid pairs. Forewings with numerous crossbars of brown on a pale
ground; in apical part mostly connected; behind are two large elon-
gate dark spots, one just beyond the end of the anal cell, the other
where the anal and cubitus approach each other (these marks not in
S. laminata). Venation as in S. laminata, and in hindwing the
little cell is complete where the subcosta and radius unite, just as in
other small species.
Male genitalia quite different from laméinata, and other forms;
the superior appendages are very long, somewhat widened before
middle; the superior plate is large, and notched in middle of apical
margin, and from each side arises a process extending backward,
with a curved, pointed tip and widened just before this curved part.
The lower appendages are slender, not broadened at tip, and a little
206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88
curved; the penis is only a little broadened and with only small
spines below tip; the titillators are fairly stout, with a sinuous curve
before the swollen, pointed tip.
Length of forewing, 21 to 23 mm.; width, 5 to 7 mm.
From Suifu, Szechwan, 1,000 feet, November 5, several specimens.
Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 58163. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z.
STENOPSYCHE PJASETZKYI Martynov
PLATE 28, FWicures 21, 22
One male from near Suifu, June 15, 1,000 to 1,200 feet.
A small species, forewings of this specimen 17 mm. long; forewings
generally resemble those of S. daminata and 8. moselyi. The genitalia
are on the plan of moselyi, but the lateral processes of the superior
plate are very short and stubby; the titillators are very heavy toward
base, and the tip is more strongly curved than in moselyi, the penis
is fairly large, and near lower tip is a pair of rather long spines (not
noticed in moselyi; the inferior appendages are not so long as in
moselyt.
In the hindwings the little cell at end of subcosta and radius is
complete, as in other smal] species. Front and mid legs heavily
banded with black on tibiae and tarsi. The eyes of male are large
and crowd the antennae, proportionally larger than in moselyi, the
antennae have the dark mark at tip of each joint so extended as to
give the appearance of a spiral marking. It was described from
Hanjang, Hupei Province, east of Szechwan.
A female from Kuanshien is of the same size and appearance and
may belong to this species.
Three other species are recorded from Szechwan or from nearby
districts. ‘These species are based on females; S. maxima Martynov
from Szechwan is said to have an expanse of 65 mm.; the only one I
have seen that is as large is S. graham, and quite possibly it is that
species.
S. cinerea Navas has forewings 21 mm. and S. tibetana Navas 25
mm. The size would fit any of the four small species; Navas gives
a figure of anal area of forewing with a mark I have not seen on any
of my specimens; S. cinerea may be laminata, as the other species
are too dark to be called “cinerea.”
Genus POLYMORPHANISUS Walker
POLYMORPHANISUS UNIPUNCTUS, new species
Pale greenish or yellowish, antennae black beyond base, legs pale,
unmarked, fringe of midlegs blackish, abdomen dull black, mesoscu-
tellum with a large black spot in front part. Forewings rather
broad, the discal cell is short, not one-half as long as the pedicel, fork
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 207
four goes back on discal cell about halfway to the cross vein, latter
beyond the middle of the cell, cross vein between median fork and
cubitus oblique, and fully three times its length before the median
cell; in hindwings venation similar to P. nigricornis.
Length of forewing, 25 mm.
Two from Suifu, Szechwan, August. Holotype, U. S. N. M. No.
53164. Paratype in M. C. Z.
Genus AMPHIPSYCHE McLachlan
AMPHIPSYCHE PROLUTA McLachlan
One from Suifu, Szechwan, August; known from Siberia.
Genus CHEUMATOPSYCHE Wallengren
CHEUMATOPSYCHE species
Two females, one from Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, 4,400 feet, and
the other from Beh Luh Din, July 28, 6,000 feet, have evenly brown-
ish wings with yellowish hair, rather large, and may be new.
CHEUMATOPSYCHE CHINENSIS form MACULIPENNIS Martynov
One female from Suifu, August 1928, is probably this species; at
least the markings of the forewings agree with the description. It
was described from Tchang, Cham.
Genus HYDROPSYCHE Pictet
HYDROPSYCHE HEDENI Forsslund
A large number of specimens from Suifu, August 1928, Szechwan,
and without definite lecality but probably Suifu. It was described
from northern Szechwan and southern Kansu.
HYDROPSYCHE PENCILLATA Martynov
Several from Kuanshien, April 5 to May 8, 3,000 feet; Beh Luh
Din, August 22-27, 6,000 feet; Mount Omei, July; Chengtu and
Suifu, August; near Tatsienlu, June.
HYDROPSYCHE COLUMNATA Martynov
A few from Beh Luh Din August 7, 6,000 feet; also from Szechwan
(no definite locality) probably Suifu; Chengtu, July 3-5, 1,700 feet;
and Tseo Jia Geo, south of Suifu, September, 1,400 to 2,000 feet.
HYDROPSYCHE RHOMBOANA Martynov
Two males from 30 miles north of Tatsienlu, July 5-9, 12,000 feet
and Kuanshien; described from eastern Tibet.
208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
HYDROPSYCHE GRAHAMI, new species
PLATE 30, Ficure 69
Head with some dark hair on face, on vertex pale yellowish, on
back of vertex some black hair each side; pronotum with mostly pale
hair; antennae pale, a dark ring over joinings. Forewing with short
black hair, many small spots of pale yellowish hair, in apical cells
two rows of these spots, one each side near the vein; apical fringes
mostly black, no pale patches (in hedeni with pale patches). Hind-
wings mostly gray, with gray and black hair.
In forewings fork one is a little longer than its pedicel, fork two
farther back on discal cell than in hedeni, fork three does not reach
as far as apex of discal cell, fork four only a little before fork five.
In hindwings fork one is distinct, but small. In male genitalia
the superior plate is broadly, deeply incised, and at each side is a
fairly long incurved spine; the claspers are slender, the apical joint
fairly long, tapering and but little curved, seen from behind the tip
is forked, the penis stout, tip enlarged, and from above is an out-
curved spine each side before the swollen tip, from the side the tip
is seen to have three pointed projections above.
Forewing 7 mm. long.
Two from Szechwan, probably Suifu, taken with a mass of ZH.
hedeni, which it resembles closely, except for the very different geni-
talia. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53165. Paratype in M.C.Z.
H. rhomboana Martynov has a deeply incised superior plate but
without the curved spines; the apical segment of the clasper is shorter
and more curved.
HYDROPSYCHE PLANA Forsslund (7?)
Three females from Wen Chuan Shien, 30 miles northwest of
Kuanshien, August 26, 5,000 feet, and Mount Omei, July. These
agree in size and are black, but a male would be necessary to be sure.
Genus HYDROMANICUS Brauer
HYDROMANICUS INTERMEDIUS Martynov
Three from near Washan, July, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, described from
Szechwan.
Genus POTAMYIA Banks
POTAMYIA CHINENSIS Martynov
From Chengtu, September 1-3, Szechwan, known also from eastern
China.
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 209
Genus ARCTOPSYCHE MacLachlan
ARCTOPSYCHE LOBATA Martynov
Agrees generally with his figures, but the superior plate, which,
as he figures, is divided into two long down-curved prongs, has on
each side an elongate slender prong, not figured; the venation agrees.
From Lu Ding Chiao, July 12-14, 4,000 to 9,000 feet; Chin Chi Shien,
west of Yachow, July 10, 4,500 to 6,000 feet; near Washan, 4,000 to
6,000 feet, July, Szechwan; and Jedo Pass, China-Tibet border, July
17, 12,000 to 15,000 feet.
Genus PLECTROCNEMIA Stephens
PLECTROCNEMIA species
A fairly large female from Mount Omei, forewing 12 mm. long;
pronotum yellow-haired in middle, black on sides, and much black
hair back of each eye.
PLECTROCNEMIA species
From near Washan, July, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, and Suifu, August;
forewing 10 mm. long, both females; it has very little black hair on
vertex and pronotum, but much yellow.
Genus PHILOPOTAMUS Curtis
PHILOPOTAMUS SINENSIS, new species
Piatse 29, Ficures 44, 46
Body dark brown to nearly black, head with yellow and some black
hair, thorax also; antennae with a pale band at tip of most joints
below; palpi with tuft of long, pale hair at lower outer end of first
joint; legs pale, femora more or less darkened, spurs as usual. Fore-
wings dark brown, clothed with short black hair, except on the
numerous hyaline spots, many scattered small spots of golden hair,
particularly in the anal region; hindwings gray, with short black
hair.
In forewings the discal cell is not one-half of the pedicel, fork one
about one-half of pedicel, fork two is back a short distance on discal,
fork three a little longer than four, both short, latter nearly twice as
long as pedicel, fork five back a little before discal cell; each of the
four cross veins of the anastomosis separated from next.
In hindwings fork one also very short, fork two back nearly width
of discal cell, fork three much longer than pedicel, fork five before
base of discal cell. Male genitalia from side show a long slender
apical part to the lower appendages, longer than the preceding part;
above is a short median piece, and below a much longer median piece,
210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
deeply bilobed at tip, each side is a short 2-jointed appendage, the
apical part rounded and bent downward.
Forewing, length 8.5 to 11 mm.
From Wenchaun, November—December; Jedo Pass, July 17-18,
12,000 feet (holotype) ; and O-Er, north of Li Fan, 9,000 feet. Holo-
type, U.S.N.M. No. 53166. Paratype in M.C.Z.
Family PHRYGANEIDAE
Genus EUBASILLISSA Martynov
EUBASILLISSA TIBETANA Martynov
One from Tang Gia, August 3-6, 14,000 feet, Tibet, agrees with a
paratype.
Family LIMNEPHILIDAE
The genera of Limnephilidae known to me from China can be
tabulated as below:
1. Subcosta of forewings ends in a cross vein at base of the stigma____ Apatania
Subcosta: \Gnds: dine Ware yy a ase as ae ee ae J 2
2. NOSLOLEK ENTCE AT Wt Wilt og = nae ee Cee ee ee Halesinus
Mork, threes presen tases = ha ATS SR SE EE PR eee eee 3
3. Vertex, pronotum, and wings with short, appressed hair, no
upright bristles 22 28.0 0s se RE, BT ee eee ee 4
Vertex and pronotum at least with erect hair and bristles, or
ISG FLATT yi OM yy ES Pent 1s V LTA eres ee a fee ee 5
4. Outer margin of forewing plainly sinuate__________________ Glyphotaelius
@utéermarein not singate:s es an es See a ee Ee Nemotaulius
5. Head smooth, ocelli exceedingly small, as also posterior warts. Evanophanes
Head with bristles, ‘ocellt Gistinct 2] ss ee en eee eee 6
6. No spines under last joint of hind tarsus; no ocellar mac-
rochactaes notefoursspursato: hind stibiae— 232 Sess _ as ee ae 7
Some spines under last joint of hind tarsus; four spurs to hind
tip IAC Se ee SU Se Ae Bh DRL Sees) «eae Sa. 8 EAA wee Ss 9
i ealpivextremely, 1One) ins DOtNGSEXKES! 20 tee See ae See es ee Nothopsyche
Palpmor usual len a tirss eee 18 ACh ee oS Re eee 8
S2uBasevol Tork (One Very; ILO aCe ae ee Psilopterna
iBasesot fork?one acutes_22 44. see Aes ot et ape fe te Platyphylax
9. Noxocellar macrochaetae=— 2 ee eee Pseudostenophylax
Ocellar macrochaetae, distinet.-2= = 2 2S ee eee 10
10. Apical margin oblique; in hindwing fourth apical cell narrowed
HiMDASC fsa OPS a AS a ee ee ON ee Limnephilus
Apical margin rounded; in hindwing fourth apical cell broad
at WWase ws shee ers lier? ee eee ee ree eee —__ Anabolia
Genus GLYPHOTAELIUS Stephens
GLYPHOTAELIUS MUTATUS McLachlan
From Beh Luh Din, 30 miles north of Chengtu, August 18, 6,000
feet, and also from Kuanshien.
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS P11
Genus LIMNEPHILUS Leach
LIMNEPHILUS SUBFUSCUS Ulmer
One male from near Washan, Szechwan, July, 4,000 to 6,000 feet;
another without definite locality, July 12-19, 13,000 feet. It does not
differ in coloration or genitalia from Japanese specimens.
Genus NOTHOPSYCHE Banks
NOTHOPSYCHE RHOMBIFERA Martynoyv
One female, apparently belonging to this species, from Chengtu,
Szechwan, 1,400 to 4,500 feet. It has femora of front and midlegs
pale yellowish, while in the male types the legs are said to be black.
EVANOPHANES, new genus
A large, broad-winged limnephilid, in general resembling a large
Dicosmoecus, the venation similar except that fork one goes back
much farther on the discal cell; hind tarsi broken, but, judged from
the tibiae, with few if any spines, none on last joint of front tarsi,
front tibia with one spur, hind tibia with two spurs, midlegs off.
Palpi (of female) very much longer than in Dicosmoecus or
Astenophylaz,; head quite different from both and all other limnephi-
lids in that the ocelli are extremely minute, hardly to be seen; the
basal joints of antennae are wide apart, and the median ocellus occu-
pies hardly one-tenth of the space, the lateral ocelli longer trans-
versely; the face longer than in Dicosmoecus, no submedian grooves,
but the lower pits present, no warts nor bristies on face; the vertex
broadly convex, the posterior warts present, transverse, but extremely
small, each with a few very short black bristles, no other bristles on
vertex; antennae much like Dicosmoecus. Mesothoracic strips also
very short and narrow.
Type, 2. insignis, new species.
Readily distinguished by the very small ocelli, lack of grooves
and warts on face, and of bristles on the vertex. Stenophylax magnus
has the ocelli smaller than in many limnephilids, but not comparable
to these; moreover there are the usual bristles on face and vertex.
EVANOPHANES INSIGNIS, new species
PLATE 30, FIGURE 71
Body bright reddish, antennae, palpi, and pronotum black, also a
square spot on the mesoscutellum is black, femora pale, rest of legs
black. Forewings a uniform brown (darker than in Dicosmecus
atripes), a small hyaline spot on the thyridium, membrane evenly
clothed with short black hair, veins with longer, erect hairs. Hind-
wing paler, but brownish in front and at tip. Wenation of forewing
much as in Dicosmoecus or Astenophylax, but fork one is back on
212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
discal cell for more than width of the cell; fork three also back for
about a cell’s width. In hindwing fork one is also back on discal
cell more than width of cell.
Length of forewing, 32 mm.; width, 11 mm.
One specimen of this fine large species from near Washan, Szech-
wan, China, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, July. Type, U. S. N. M. No. 53167.
Genus PLATYPHYLAX McLachlan
PLATYPHYLAX RUBESCENS Martynov
PLATE 29, Ficure 40
Described from a female from Yatung, Tibet. Two females agree
fairly well with the description and figure. The males have very
striking genitalia. The tip of the last abdominal segment is bent
down in a broad lobe, which is covered with stout black spines; below
(from side) is a pale elongate superior appendage, and below this the
intermediate hooklike processes, its tip (seen from side) has a slender
inner prong and a rounded outer lobe; from below are two broad
truncate lobes, each tip with stout hairs, and above these are two curved
reddish spinelike pieces, with a long tooth near tip and another not
quite so long nearer to base, seen best from behind.
In most of the males the wing membrane is slightly brownish and
with many small pale spots; hair on face largely yellowish, black
each side by eyes, those on vertex mostly pale, but some black each
side, those on mesonotum mostly pale, a few of those over wing base
are darker or nearly black.
Specimens are from 9 miles southwest of Tatsienlu, June 25-27,
8,500 to 13,000 feet; O-Er, 26 miles north of Li Fan, August 16;
Yachow, August 27-30 (all Szechwan); and Jeddo Pass, 12,000 to
15,000 feet, July 17, China-Tibet border, and Yiel Long Shien, Au-
gust 8-6, 13,000 to 15,000 feet, China-Tibet border. Pseudopotamorites
peniculus Forsslund appears to be very close to this species, but
Forsslund’s figures show slight differences in details. I see but little
resemblance to Potamorites, but if Platyphylax is to be divided, the
generic name may be kept.
Genus PSILOPTERNA Martynov
PSILOPTERNA SINENSIS, new species
PLATE 29, Ficures 49, 50
Head and body pale yellowish, abdomen darker above toward tip;
palpi, antennae, and legs pale, unmarked; hair on face pale, but
some black each side by eye, that on vertex pale, that on thoracic
notum pale, and above the wing base but little darker.
Forewings pale yellowish, a little darker in anal area and near
cubitus, the outer margin also faintly darker, no distinct irrorations;
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 213
hind wing also pale, veins and fringes pale yellowish. Forewings
moderately slender, and the tip not broadly rounded; discal cell very
long, widened near tip, upper margin toward tip concave; fork one
not back on discal cell, but broad at base, fork two a little narrowed
at base, fork three scarcely back on cell, anal cell very long, as long
as width of wing at its end; all hairs very short.
Legs long and slender, with but few black spines, last joint of
mid and hind tarsi with but few spurs, 0, 2, 2, front tarsus of male
much longer than tibia, its basal joint only about one half as long
as the second.
Male genitalia short and inconspicuous as in Aficropterna; lower
appendages shorter than in P. pevzovi Martynov, the upraised dark
hooklike processes much less stout and with slenderer tips than in
that species, the hind edge of the last dorsal segment roughened
with minute teeth.
Forewing, male, 20 mm. long, 6 mm. wide.
Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53168. Paratype in M.C.Z.
A female differs in no important respects but is much larger,
forewing 25 mm. long; the tip of abdomen shows two rather slender
dark-tipped processes nearly their length apart.
From Beh Luh Din, Szechwan, August 22, 6,000 feet (holotype),
and near Kuanshien, October 20. It is very similar to Microptera
indica Mosely from Kashmir; the lower appendages are not so much
narrowed toward tip, the upper lateral lobe larger, the tip of last
segment has black spinules instead of the pale setae of M/. endica,
etc.
Genus PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX Martynoy
Pseudostenophylax shows traces of the bristle-bearing warts on
metanotum and base of abdomen. In males of P. grahami are usu-
ally several of these warts in two rows on the metascutellum; in
males of P. (T'richophylax) monticola there is a prominent median
patch at the base of the intermediate segment, just behind the meta-
scutellum. In P. amplus there are a few warts each side of the
middle groove at base of the intermediate segment in both sexes.
I do not find any in the other species.
The species of Pseudostenophylax from Szechwan known to me can
be separated in the male sex as follows:
1. Abdomen with long hair above; discal cell very long; at base of
intermediate segment, just behind the metascutellum is a patch
ofsbristle-bearinggwants 02) 222 a 2 ee eet monticola
Abdomen with only the usual short hair, except a tuft or crest
eh tees EL TN a ee OE eS 2
2. Discal cell more than twice as long as its pedicel_______________-_____--- 3
Discalicell’ but jithle longer than’ its! pedicel=-=2e2 ss ee eee 6
214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
3. Expanse 50 or more mm. ; tip of abdomen without tuft of long hair,
lower part of slope black with minute tubercles; at base of
intermediate segment is a few bristle-bearing warts each side
OLMENEMMEATAN STO OV Ce tee a eee eee amplus
xpanse searcely/*4.0 yarn See ee ee ee ee 4
4. Hind tibiae with a row of long, curved, white hairs behind,
small species; crest of black hairs near tip of abdomen, above
SlODP@ se 0.8 eee a ie ee ee minimus
Hind tibiae without) the lone. white hairs22 2222s) Se eee 3
5. Tuft of long rufous hair near tip of abdomen above the slope;
usually some bristle-bearing warts on the metascutellum______ grahami
No tuft of long hair near tip of abdomen=2222 22222 22=22 22 ees difficilis
6. Hind tibiae with long white hairs behind; median teeth broad
ANG TOW = =e ee ee ee 8 ee ee eee mimicus
Hind tibiae without the long hairs behind; median teeth high and
TTR TU ED IE OV oe eg Ree ee Se brevis
P. szechuanensis Martynov I have not seen; the figures of genitalia
appear different from any I have seen.
PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX AMPLUS (McLachlan)
PLATE 29, FicuRES 35, 39
Described as a Halesus; a pair from 9 miles from Tatsienlu, the
type locality, and Hai Tsi Ping near Tatsienlu, August 5, 13,000 feet.
The male has four spurs to hind tibia, the female but three. They
agree very well with the description in size and coloration. The
male has a broad black area at tip, thickly studded with minute
tubercles, and below it in the middle, apparently as part of the upper
piece (but I do not think so) is a deep black horseshoe-shaped piece,
each lower end bending out in a process, and apparently the part
referred to by McLachlan. Seen from side, the clavate superior
appendages hang down, and the intermediate are slenderer, the
lower appendages curving upward and covering over half the
genitalia.
The lower appendages from below are short on the inner edge,
very long on outer side, the apical margin concave.
The female, from above, shows a broad median piece angularly
notched in middle, each tipped with a slender finger; on each side of
this central part is a broad rounded lobe, with an oval depressed
hairy area; below this upper part is a broad pale lamina, its outer
margin heavier, and broadly emarginate in the middle; below the
latter is a still larger projection, the middle part pale, the broadly
rounded almost projecting side lobes are black. From these genitalia
it is evidently a Pseudostenophylax in the sense of Martynov; but
the hindwings show no specialized hairs or scales in anal area; but
there are many tubercles on the membrane and much long fine hair.
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 215
PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX GRAHAMI Martynov
From Wei Chow, August 15, Szechwan; and Yu Long Gong,
August 14, 14,000 feet, Tibet.
PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX DIFFICILIS Martynov
From Chin Chi Shien, west of Yachow, July 10, 4,500 to 6,000 feet ;
others from Yellow Dragon Temple (type locality) July 25, 11,000
to 14,000 feet, and Hai Tsi Ping, near Tatsienlu, August 5, 13,000 feet.
PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX MINIMUS, new species
PLATE 28, Ficurn 31; PLATE 29, FIGURE 36
Body brown, abdomen above dull black, the longer hairs and
bristles are black, some long ones on pronotum are paler, and the
short, more appressed hair on face and vertex is pale; basal joint of
antennae brown, with black hairs, beyond paler; palpi brown; legs
pale, with short black spines, hindtibia of male curved, and with a
row of long, slightly curved hairs on hind edge.
Forewings pale brown, with scattered pale spots, not often con-
nected, few pale spaces in costal area, membrane with short black
hair, those on the veins not much longer, except in anal area; hind-
wings pale gray, hardly darker at tip. Forewings in shape like
grahami, discal cell more than twice as long as the pedicel, its upper
edge before fork one is concave, latter back on the discal cell about
width of the cell. In hindwings no apparent scales, in anal area
an elongate deep pouch, costal area very broad.
Tip of abdomen has a long sloping area, brown, and with very short
curved hairs, above is a tuft or crest of long black hairs; below are
the two median teeth, large, and quite long with narrowed and
rounded tips, mostly black; the lower appendages are moderately
long, seen from below long on the outer side, very much shorter on
inner side, the tip concave, and provided with many very long
bristles.
Length of forewings, 13 mm.; width, 5 mm.
One from near Washan, 4,000 to 6,000 feet. Holotype, U.S.N.M.
No. 53169.
Differs from P. brevis by less broad wing, longer discal cell, ciliate
hind tibia, and shape of the median teeth.
PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX MIMICUS, new species
PLATE 29, Fiaures 42, 45
Greatly resembling P. minimus, of same size and general colora-
tion; the forewings are more pale, better described as pale, marmo-
216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
rate with pale brown, more or less connected spots. In forewings
(both sexes) the discal cell is but little, if any longer than its pedicel,
and its upper edge is not concave before fork one, and the latter does
not go back so far on the discal cell; in the hindwing the costal area
is fully as broad as in minimus, and in male there is the same elongate
pouch near anal margin.
The tip of abdomen of male has a tuft of black hair above, below
a large sloping area clothed with short bristles, this area is paler than
in minimus but with dark outer corners; the median teeth are low
and very broad (quite unlike minimus); the lower plates are small.
The hind tibia has the same long, curved, white hairs as in minimus.
The tip of the abdomen of the female, from above, shows the usual
two spinelike processes very far apart and curved toward each other.
Length of forewing of male, 13 mm.; width, 5 mm.; the female
scarcely larger.
From Suifu, 1,000 to 2,000 feet, August 1928. Holotype, U.S.N.M.
No. 53170. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z.
PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX BREVIS, new species
PLATE 29, FieuRES 34, 41, 43
Body brown, thoracic notum paler through the middle; erect hair
mostly black, some appressed hair on face and vertex yellowish;
antennae with basal joint dark brown with black hair, beyond paler ;
palpi pale brown; legs pale with black spines, not very long. Fore-
wings brown, with many scattered pale spots, none very large, and
mostly not connected, few in costal area, hyaline thyridial spot rather
large; membrane with short black hair, veins with longer hair,
especially the anal veins. Hindwings pale gray, slightly darker
toward tip.
Forewings very short and broad, broadly rounded at tip, costal mar-
gin convex, discal cell not as long as usual, but little longer than
pedical, fork one not width of discal cell back on discal; apical cells
two and four about equal at base, forks two and three indenting the
anastomosis but little; hindwing with no scales visible, but a deep
elongate pouch in anal area. Tip of male abdomen shows the usual
sloping area, very broad, brown, covered with appressed bristles,
above it is a broad tuft of black hair; below it are the two median
teeth, large, broad, truncate at tip, black at their margins, below it
the two processes directed toward each other, and tipped with stiff
reddish bristles; the lower appendages or plates are broad and short,
longer on outer edge.
In the female the tip of abdomen from above shows two rather
broad, somewhat quadrangular plates, each with a long curved spine.
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 27
Length of forewing, female, 12.5 mm.; width, 5 mm.
Length of forewing, male, 11 mm.; width, 4.5 mm.
Two from near Washan, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, July. Although the
discal cell is short in this and P. méimicus, I keep them in this genus
because they are very closely related to P. minimus, which has a long
discal cell. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53171. Paratype in M.C.Z.
PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX (TRICHOPHYLAX) MONTICOLA, new species
PLATE 29, Ficures 37, 38, 51
Face rufous, with black hair; vertex nearly black, also with black
hair; basal joint of antennae pale and with pale hair, beyond the
segments are darkened above; palpi pale, second and third joints
equally long, mesonotum black on sides, more rufous through middle,
hair black; metanotum rufous, darker above wing base; abdomen dull
brown above, with innumerable distinct pits, larger than usual, and
each with a long white hair, about one third as long as the segment,
a few near middle of length longer, at tip a tuft of long hair as
usual; venter more yellowish; legs pale, front and mid tibiae with
black spots, and the tips of tarsal joints dark, many black spines.
Forewings rather densely clothed with short black hair, posterior
part of wing from cubitus back is brown, and with some pale spots,
one much larger near end of anal cell; apical veins with irregular
brown spots along each side; hindwings with short black hair in
front, paler behind, fringes short and pale.
Forewings rather short and broad toward tip (much like 7’. rotundi-
pennis), fork one is back on discal cell about twice as far as in
T. rotundipennis, fork three also reaching farther back; disca] cell
even longer, its pedical no longer than cell width, and the discal cell
not widened at tip. Male genitalia show below a rather long piece
each side, obliquely truncate, and with long yellowish hair; the supe-
rior pieces (from side) are short and moderately broad, not pointed,
the intermediate appendages have a pair of slightly curved slender
black prongs directed upward; the penis sheaths have the terminal
piece slender, curved, and with long hair at tip (like Pseudostenophy-
lax); tip of last dorsal segment with a triangular depressed area,
covered with minute black denticles. Tip of female has the two
slender tipped pieces common in Pseudostenophylax, only slightly
separated ; these arise from a rather large base, and below (from side)
is an elongate lobe, and at lower side, an elevated ridge, projecting
most prominently below. The hairs on the abdomen of the female are
only a little longer than usual in the family.
Length of forewing, 17 to 22 mm.; width, 7 to 8.5 mm.
218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 8S
From 9 miles southwest of Tatsienlu, June 23-27, 8,500 to 18,000
feet (holotype); 80 miles north of Tatsienlu, July 9-19, 1,200 feet;
near Moupin, July 22-24; Wei Chow, 65 miles north of Chengtu,
August 15, 9,000 to 12,500 feet (all in Szechuan). Holotype, U.S.N.M.
No. 53172. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z.
Although this species, as far as genitalia are concerned, agrees
better with Pseudostenophylax, I place it near Trichophylax, since
it has no specialized hairs or scales on the hindwings, and the hairs
above on abdomen are very much longer than I have seen on any
other limnephilid. These hairs, however, are not so long as Mosely
figures for the genotype; it differs in the genitalia, in longer first
apical fork, in the male palpi, etc.
This is very close to Pseudostenophylax hirsutus Forsslund from
Kansu Province. His figure shows the terminal pieces of the penis
sheath shorter and bent, and the lower appendages, although tri-
angular, are not so long as in monticola. His name hirsutus would
be very apt, but he does not say the hair is longer than usual, only
that it is quite dense or thick.
Genus HALESINUS Ulmer
HALESINUS FENESTRATUS, new species
PLATE 29, FicurE 53
Black; clothed mostly with black hair, some yellow on face, vertex
and mesonotum with numerous black hairs with yellow tips; tarsi
black, femora and tibiae more or less pale brownish, hind tibiae espe-
cially pale. Forewings dark brown to nearly black; costal area
with transverse pale marks much like H. tenuwicornis; in anal area
two oblique white marks, nearly parallel, basal one usually broken
(in tenuicornis divergent), around outer margin with white spot in
each cell, and extended in white on the otherwise black fringe; a
few small patches of white scattered over wing, and at the anasto-
mosis, just before and a wide area beyond, is a large pale area,
clothed with white and golden hairs, the anastomosis and apical veins
remain dark. Hindwings gray, costal tip darker, veins dark, outer
fringe nearly black.
Venation much as in ¢enwicornis and albopunctatus, but in forewing
the discal cell is not twice as long as its pedicel, and in hindwing
fork one does not extend back on the discal cell (considerably so in
other species). Forewings with outer margin distinctly crenulate.
Length of forewing, 12 mm.; width, 4 mm.
Two females without definite locality, except Szechwan, 13,000
feet, July 9-12.
Readily distinguished by the large pale area at anastomosis; H.
ussuriensis is also separated by the very long discal cell. Holotype,
U.S. N. M. No. 53173. Paratype ( no head) in M. C. Z.
NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 219
HALESINUS ALBOPUNCTATUS Martynov
From near Yien Long Shien, August 3-6, 13,000 to 15,000 feet; Yin
Kuan Tsai, July 25, 13,000 to 15,000 feet; and Jedo Pass, July 18,
12,000 to 15,000 feet, all on China-Tibet border.
*
HALESINUS TENUICORNIS Ulmer
From Wen Chuan Shien, July 26, 5,800 feet; Hai Tsi Ping near
Tatsienlu, August 5, 13,000 feet; near Moupin, July 22-24; O-Er,
north of Li Fan, 9,000 feet; Bul Lau Tsen, northeast of Li Fan, July
31, 8,500 feet; 9 miles southwest of Tatsienlu, June 25, 8,500 to 13,000
feet (all Szechuan) ; and Jedo Pass, July 17, 12,000 to 15,000 feet,
China-Tibet border.
Family CALAMOCERATIDAE
Genus PSILOTRETA Banks
PSILOTRETA CHINENSIS, new species
PLATE 27, FicuRE 1; PLATE 30, Fiaures 67, 68, 70
Head and thorax reddish brown, abdomen dull black; face with
yellowish hair, vertex and thorax above with short gray hair; palpi
brown; antennae pale, basal joint darker, legs pale yellowish, with
fine whitish hair, spurs pale.
Forewings brownish gray clothed with golden and black hair, the
latter short and hidden by the golden; hindwings gray, with black
hair. In shape and venation the forewings are similar to P. japonica,
the discal cell is rather longer and slenderer, fork one is much longer,
reaching back more than halfway on discal cell; fork two with a
moderate pedicel, fork three quite short, fork five a little widened
near base.
Tip of abdomen of female (from above) shows two emarginate
lobes, the shorter one above the other. The male genitalia are rather
complicated. Above is a median triangular superior plate, beyond
its tip is a slender peniscover, and the penis, the latter deeply bilobed
at tip; from each lateral side or tip of the abdomen is a moderately
long and broad, extremely hairy appendage, from its inner tip pro-
jects a dark bar toward the tip of superior plate, at its upper tip is
a curved spine, also a curved spine at inner tip of the lateral ap-
pendage, but hidden in the long hair. Between these median and
jateral parts is a dark, 3-pointed piece, the outer and inner processes
tapering to a long, slender-curved point, one of which projects down-
ward and is seen from the side.
Length of forewing, male, 12 mm.; female, 15 mm.
220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
From near Washan, Szechwan, July, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, several
specimens. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53174. Paratypes in U.S.N.M.
and M.C.Z.
The male genitalia have the superior plate and the lateral append-
ages very much shorter than in P. kwantungensis Ulmer, and the
lower appendages (from side) are very broad throughout, and the
wings are a uniform brownish, without the white hair of P. kwan-
tungensis; I have a male of the latter species from Yim Na San,
Kast Kwantung (Gressitt coll.).
Family LEPTOCERIDAE
Genus NOTANATOLICA McLachlan
NOTANATOLICA LEGENDRINA Navas
Several from Chengtu, July 3-5, 1,700 feet, Szechwan, and one
from near Tsao Tong, July 12, Yunnan. It was described from
Yunnan.
Genus OECETIS McLachlan
OECETIS TURBATA Navas?
A female from Chengtu, July 3-5, may belong to this species of
eastern China; the spots at forks are the same, but the apical part is
more evenly dark; a male might show it different.
lS. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1946
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3080
CESTOCRINUS, A NEW FOSSIL INADUNATE CRINOID
GENUS
By Epwin Kirk
In 19841 I described the new crinoid genus Corynecrinus, for the
reception of which and one other genus (Lecythocrinus J. Miiller)
I proposed the family Lecythocrinidae in the order Inadunata.
Both genera are of Devonian age, one from Europe and one from
the United States. I am now able to add another genus to this
family, coming from the Mississippian (upper Borden) of Indiana.
CESTOCRINUS, new genus
Genotype.—Cestocrinus striatus, new species.
Generic diagnosis.—
Crown. Subcylindrical.
Dorsal cup. Campanulate to urn-shaped.
IBB. Five. Large, approximately one-third the height of the dorsal
cup.
BB. Of medium size, except post B, which is very large, extending
to the level of the arm bases and supporting two tube plates.
RR. Relatively small. Arm facets elevated above level of plates,
horseshoe-shaped, and approximately one-half width of radial
at that level.
Arms. Relatively slender, composed of subcylindrical, long Br.
Number of IBr variable: 3 in | ant R; 4 in r ant R; more than
4 in ant R in type species.
1 Corynecrinus, a new Devonian crinoid genus. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 83, pp. 1-7,
1 pl., 1934.
190886—40 Pill
222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Post IR. No anal plates in cup. The entire area of the post IR up
to the level of the arm bases is occupied by the hypertrophied
post B. Resting on the distal faces of this B are two large
plates which can be considered only as tube plates.
Ventral sac. Judged from the proximal portion of the ventral sac
as preserved, the tube was relatively slender, subcylindrical in
shape, and composed of fairly large plates.
Column. Stout, circular in section, composed of alternate nodals
and internodals. Lumen large, outline indistinct in polished
section but apparently pentagonal.
Species. The only known species referable to Cestocrinus is the
new species C. striatus, here described.
Geologic and geographic distribution—The type species was found
in the upper Borden (Mississippian, lower Carboniferous) of Indian
Creek, Montgomery County, Ind.
Relationships —The peculiar structure of the posterior interradius,
together with similarities of arm structure and general resemblance,
seems clearly to ally Cestocrinus with Lecythocrinus Miiller and
Corynecrinus Wirk. Of the two formerly described genera, Cesto-
crinus more nearly resembles Corynecrinus. The two genera differ
in well-marked structural characters. In Corynecrinus the post B
is but shghtly larger than the other BB. In Cestocrinus the post B
is very large, reaching to the level of the arm bases. In Coryne-
crinus the IBB are very small and scarcely visible in lateral view.
In Cestocrinus the IBB are large, approximately one-third the height
of the cup. The arm-bases in Cestocrinus are sharply elevated above
the level of the RR and are relatively narrower than in Corynecrinus.
As seen, there are many more [Br in Corynecrinus than in Cesto-
crinus. In Corynecrinus the two proximal tube plates he well down
in the cup, and the tube plates of the second range rest on the upper
sloping shoulders of the r and | post RR. In Cestocrinus the pair
of proximal tube plates have been raised above the level of the cup
and rest on the upper sloping shoulders of the r and | post RR.
The persistence of this tenuous genetic crinoid line from the
Middle Devonian well up into the lower Mississippian is very inter-
esting. Cestocrinus shows no resemblance to any known Carbonif-
erous inadunate genus, and one must cast back into the Middle
Devonian to find like structural forms. At all times members of
the family seem to have been exceedingly few in number. Lecytho-
crinus is represented by a few specimens. Corynecrinus is known
from but a single specimen. Cestocrinus, also, is based on a unique
specimen. Since many thousands of crinoids have been collected at
Crawfordsville and Indian Creek, Ind., as well as from approxi-
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 31
CESTOCRINUS STRIATUS, New GENUS AND SPECIES.
1, Anterior view.
2, Posterior view.
3, Plate diagram.
CESTOCRINUS—KIRK 223
mately equivalent horizons elsewhere, the form must be exceedingly
rare. The lack of a known antecedent form in the great crinoid
collections of the Burlington is significant.
CESTOCRINUS STRIATUS, new species
PLATE 31
The description is based on a perfect dorsal cup with the arms
preserved in part to a length of 10 mm. and with about 25 mm. of
column attached. The proximal portion of the ventral sac is also
present. The specimen has been freed from the matrix.
The dorsal cup is narrowly companulate in form and composed
of fairly thin plates. The surface of the plates is finely papillose,
the papillae tending to become confluent in linear series, thus forming
striae normal to the faces of the plates. Low folds pass from radial
to radial, radials to basals, and basals to infrabasals. The dorsal
cup has a height to the arm bases of approximately 15 mm. and an
average maximum diameter of about 14 mm.
The IBB are five in number, pentagonal in outline, with an aver-
age height of 4.3 mm. and an average maximum breadth of about
5mm. The BB, with the exception of the posterior, are hexagonal
in outline, having an average height of 7.3 mm. and an average
maximum breadth of 6 mm. The posterior basal is octagonal in
outline and has a height of 11.8 mm. and a maximum breadth of
7.8 mm. The distal point of the post B lies at approximately the
plane of the arm bases. On its distal sloping faces the post B sup-
ports the two proximal tube plates. The RR are relatively small,
having an average height of 5.2 mm. and an average maximum
width of 6.3 mm. The arm facets are horseshoe-shaped, approxi-
mately one-half the width of the radials at that level, and stand
out sharply above the surface of the plates.
The arms are proportionally slender and composed of relatively
long, subeylindrical brachials. The primibrachs have an average
width of 2.6 mm. In the r ant R there are four IBr and in the
l ant R three IBr. In the ant R four [Br are shown without an
axillary, which follows the common rule among inadunate crinoids
that the ant R tends to carry more primibrachs than the other rays.
The ventral sac, judged from the proximal portion preserved, was
subeylindrical in shape, proportionally slender, and composed of
rather large, heavy plates. The proximal tube plates are very large,
that to the right having a height of 7.5 mm. and that to the left 6.5
mm. The tegmen was composed of a flexible integument of small
nodose and rugose plates.
224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
The column is large, having a diameter in the proximal portion
of 5.6 mm. This measurement allows for slight crushing. The
stem lumen does not show clearly in the polished face of the column.
It is large, having a diameter of approximately 2.3 mm. at a distance
of 25 mm. from the cup. It seems to be pentagonal in outline. The
column is composed of aiternate: wider and narrower columnals.
These, in turn, are grouped into larger series of nodals and inter-
nodals which differ little from one another in size.
Horizon and locality —The type and only known specimen was
collected from the well-known locality on Indian Creek, Montgomery
County, Ind., by Fred Braun in 1909. The horizon is upper Borden.
Type—tThe holotype is in the Springer collection, U.S.N.M. No.
S-4293.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940
Wa ators
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3081
NOTES ON SOME PEDUNCULATE BARNACLES FROM THE
NORTH PACIFIC
By Dora Priautx Henry
Unt recently it was generally assumed that the species of barnacles
of the genus Zepas were easy to identify, but Nilsson-Cantell (1921,
1928), Hiro (1937), and several others have shown that some, at least,
are extremely variable. Until some worker is able to examine and
compare specimens of the different species from all over the world,
some progress may be made in overcoming the difficulties encountered
in identifying the species of this genus if descriptions and figures of
the specimens of different regions are published.
The barnacles to be described in this paper include an atypical form
of Lepas anatifera, a new subspecies of L. pectinata, L. fascicularis
aurivillii, Scalpellum columbianun, and Miiella polymerus. ‘The
specimens of Lepas and Scalpellum were collected from several locali-
ties between Alaska and Oregon. I am indebted to Prof. Trevor
Kincaid, Department of Zoology, University of Washington, and to
the College of Fisheries, University of Washington, for allowing me
to examine specimens in their collections. Mitella polymerus was
collected from Puget Sound, Wash., Oregon, California, and Lower
California. Pedunculate barnacles from the North Pacific have pre-
viously been reported by Pilsbry (1907) and Broch (1922).
225
187762—40
226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
Genus LEPAS Linnaeus
LEPAS ANATIFERA Linnaeus
FIGURE 1
Synonymy: See Nilsson-Cantell, 1921, p. 236.
This is one of the most variable species of the genus Lepas. The
number of filamentary appendages, 1. e., one at the bases of the first
cirri and one on the prosoma on each side, is the most reliable criterion
in differentiating this species from the closely related species, LZ. hlliz.
Darwin states that the presence of a tooth beneath the umbo, on the
right-hand scutum, and its entire absence on the left constitute an
unfailing diagnostic mark. Weltner (1900) found otherwise typical
Ficurp 1.—Lepas anatifera from Harriet Harbor, British Columbia: a, Side view, X 2;
b, carina, external view, X 3; ¢, apex of capitulum from above, X 3.
L. anatifera with an internal tooth on the left-hand scutum as well.
Nilsson-Cantell (1928) examined specimens that Cornwall (1925)
identified as Z. héllii from British Columbia and found an internal
umbonal tooth on both scuta. In 1931 this author also described an
atypical form, the scuta of which have no umbonal teeth. The ab-
sence of umbonal teeth is also one of the diagnostic characters of sev-
eral varieties; subspecies indica Annandale (1909) has an internal
umbonal tooth on the left-hand scutum only. Therefore it can be seen
that this character is an extremely variable one.
Miranda y Rivera (1921) proposed a new species, LZ. marocannus,
with the following characters: Plates smooth; carina slightly curved
BARNACLES FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC—HENRY 227
and separated from the other plates by a wide membrane; fork with
two long and diverging branches; internal umbonal tooth on each
scutum; and two filamentary appendages on each side. As the only
real difference between this species and ZL. anatifera is the presence
of teeth on both scuta and as this character is variable, Z. marocannus
must be considered a synonym of L. anatifera, and until a more
comprehensive study is made of this species it does not seem advisable
to call it a variety.
The specimens described below were obtained from six localities
between Willapa Harbor, Wash., and the Aleutian Islands, and all
have an internal umbonal tooth on both scuta.
Description—The scutum is radially striate. The ridge from the
umbo to the apex is never very prominent and in some can scarcely be
seen. The occludent margin is nearly straight. The internal tooth of
the right scutum is usually larger than that of the left. The internal
basal rim does not quite reach the carinal border. The carina is
separated by a rather wide interspace from the other valves; the apex
is rounded; the greatest width is at the middle, and the narrowest part
is Just above the fork. The fork is narrower than the widest part of
the carina; the rim between the prongs is reflexed. A thick membrane
borders the occludent margins of the scuta and terga. The two occlu-
dent margins of the terga are nearly at right angles to each other.
The peduncle varies in length in proportion to the length of the
capitulum. In young specimens tiny spines occur on the surface as
described by Darwin for the young of L. australis. In older specimens
no spines were found, but there are irregular chitinous plates scattered
over the peduncle. There are two filamentary appendages on each
side. The mouth parts and cirri do not differ from those of typical
Lepas anatifera. The caudal appendages are small and rounded at the
apex.
Size—In the largest specimen the capitulum is 43 mm. in length
and 28 mm. in width, and the peduncle is 50 mm. in length and 13 mm.
in width (dry specimen, Willapa Harbor).
Localities——Willapa Harbor, Wash., July 15, 1938, on limb washed
on shore. Harriet Harbor, Moresby Island, British Columbia, July
29, 1934, on kelp with L. pectinata pacifica. William Head, Vancouver
Asland, British Columbia, 1926, from ship’s bottom. Friday Harbor,
Wash., July 14, 1937, on floating board with L. pectinata pacifica.
Lousonne Harbor, Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia, Febru-
ary 11, 1935, on floating bottle. Aleutian Islands, 1936.
228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
LEPAS PECTINATA PACIFICA, new subspecies
Ficures 2, 3
Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 78233, from Harriet Harbor, British
Columbia.
Diagnosis.—Valves brittle and radially striate. No internal um-
bonal teeth. Ridge from umbo to apex of scutum close to occludent
margin. Occludent margin of tergum single. Tergum notched to
receive apex of scutum. One short blunt filamentary appendage on
each side. No caudal appendages.
Description.—The capitulum is rather thick basally. The plates are
white and the surface shows fine radial striations. The growth ridges
FIGURB 2.—Lepas pectinata pacifica, new subspecies, from Harriet Harbor, British Colum-
bia: a, Side view, X 2; 0b, carina, external view, X 3; c, apex of capitulum from
above, X 3.
are more or less prominent and uneven, particularly on the tergum.
The plates are very thin and brittle but the edges are not sinuous.
The scuta are subtriangular, with the apex somewhat pointed. To-
ward the base they are concave internally. The occludent margin is
straight, and the ridge from the umbo to the apex is prominent and
never more than 1.5 mm. from the occludent margin. The basal mar-
gin is not straight but projects downward at the umbo. There is a
sight internal basal rim and in most a thickening externally on the
basal margin. There are no internal umbonal teeth.
The tergum is triangular and has a notch, usually very conspicuous,
on the scutal margin very close to the occludent margin. The oc-
cludent margin of the tergum (fig. 2, ¢) differs from that of the typical
form in that it is restricted to a single side of the tergum instead of
BARNACLES FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC—HENRY 229
to two sides (compare with fig. 1, c). In this respect L. pectinata
pacifica resembles L. fascicularis.
The carina extends about halfway between the terga. It is rounded
at the apex and is approximately the same width until just above the
fork, where it is slightly narrower. The fork is a little wider than
the carina, and the prongs, which are thin and pointed, diverge at an
angle of approximately 180° as in the typical form. The rim between
FIGURE 3.—Lepas pectinata: a, Maxilla, X 31; b, mandible, X 31; ¢, filamentary append-
age, X 64; d, middle segment of cirrus VI, X 7.
the prongs is not reflexed. The fork is not deeply embedded in the
membrane.
The peduncle varies in length and unlike the typical form is often
longer than the capitulum. It is smooth, and no spines occur on the
peduncle of young individuals.
One filamentary appendage occurs posteriorly at the base of each
first cirrus (fig. 3, ¢). They do not develop until the capitulum is
about 7 mm. in length and at first are extremely small. In larger
individuals they are short and thick with a blunt end.
The mouth parts, particularly the maxillae and mandibles (figs.
3, 4, 6), are variable as in the typical form. The palpi are narrow at
930) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob, 88
the ends and swollen at the point of attachment to the labrum. The
mandibles have five or six teeth and the inferior angle, which is
bordered by several long spines, may be either single or divided into
two points. The surface is hairy, and small spines occur on both
edges of the teeth as well as on the surface. The maxillae have two
or three large unequal spines, usually followed by three steps with
the lower one wider and frequently showing a small notch in the
middle. In some there are four steps below the large spines. The
outer maxillae have long hairs on the inner surface near the edge.
The first cirrus is set a little apart from the posterior cirri. The
rami are unequal, 12 segments in the anterior and 11 in the posterior
one, with the middle segments of each very slightly protuberant.
The posterior cirri (fig. 3,7) have six or seven pairs of spines with
smaller intermediate spines on the anterior border and three to five
thick spines and a few fine spines on the posterior distal angle. On the
distal border there are mulitifid spinules and a few longer single
spines, particularly near the anterior border. There are about 25
segments in each ramus.
No caudal appendages occur, but in some individuals the membrane
on each side of the anus is somewhat swollen. The penis varies in
length from half the length to a little longer than the sixth cirrus
and is very hairy.
Size.—The largest specimen seen was from Harriet Harbor and had
a capitulum 20 mm. in length and 14 mm, in width and a peduncle
16 mm. in length and 5 mm. in width.
Remarks —L. pectinata pacifica can be distinguished from the
typical form and from the variety described by Darwin (1851) and
the variety sguamosa Fischer (1884) and the subspecies bertngiana
Pilsbry (1911) by the single occludent margin of the tergum, the
absence of umbonal teeth on the scuta, and the absence of caudal ap-
pendages. It can be distinguished from all except subspecies berin-
giana by the smoothness of the plates.
Localities —Biorka Island, Alaska, July 21, 1936, on LZ. fascicularis.
Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, July 6, 1934, on Z. fasci-
cularis. Lousonne Harbor, Queen Charlotte Island, British Colum-
bia, February 11, 1935, with Z. anatifera. Harriet Harbor, Moresby
Island, British Columbia, August 29, 1934, on kelp with ZL. anatifera.
Naden Harbor, Graham Island, British Columbia, August 28, 1937,
on kelp. Swiftsure Bank (lat. 48°31’ N., long. 124°53’ W.), July
10, 1935, on Fucus; August 5, 1934, on L. fascicularis. Friday Har-
bor, Wash., July 13, 1937, on floating limb; July 14, 1937, on floating
board, with ZL. anatifera; July 26, 1937, on floating board. Willapa
Harbor, 1922, on kelp. Manzanita Beach, Oreg., August 20, 1988, on
driftwood, washed on shore. Short Sandy Beach, Oreg., August 20,
1938, on Fucus, washed on shore.
gS
BARNACLES FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC—HENRY Dat
LEPAS FASCICULARIS AURIVILLII Nilsson-Cantell
Figurn 4
Lepas fascicularis aurivillii NILSSON-CANTELL, 1921, p. 288.
Diagnosis —Externaily like the typical form. Cirri shorter, with
broader segments, covered with fine hairs. Carina same width as in
the typical form (Nilsson-Cantell).
Supplementary description—Specimens of this subspecies were col-
lected in three localities. Unlike the specimens described by Nilsson-
Cantell, certain external characters varied somewhat from those of
L. fascicularis.
As Nilsson-Cantell (1921) pointed out, there are five filamentary
appendages, and the mouth parts do not differ from those of the
typical form, as figured by Hoek (1883). All the
maxillae examined had three steps below the upper
large spines. Von Willemées-Suhm (1876) examined
a large series of Z. fascicularis and found three steps
more frequently than four steps as found by Darwin.
He also found mandibles with four teeth instead of
five. Many small spines occur on both edges of the
teeth and to some extent on the surface.
The specimens examined differ from the typical form
and are similar to Darwin’s variety vdllosa in that the
valves are not approximate. The interspace between St
the scutum and tergum is almost half the width of the Ficurr 4.—Lepas
scutum. The carina also differs from that of the typi- — *#scieularis aw-
rivlli from
cal form and is similar to that of the variety donovani _ Biorka Island,
Leach as described by Darwin. It is flat above the Sc eearne gt
umbo and has a narrow central external ridge, which view. Natural
is somewhat less distinct on the disk (fig. 4). a
The valves are covered with a spinose membrane, although the
spines are more minute than those seen by Darwin. Hoek (1883)
also found the smaller spines on Z. fascicularis from the Pacific.
Size.—The largest specimen had a capitulum 47 mm. in length and
37 mm. in width; the peduncle was 10 mm. in Jength and 8 mm. in
width. The largest specimen described by Nilsson-Cantell (1921)
had a capitulum 8 mm. in length and 6 mm. in width.
Localities —Bangkok, on Limulus; Java Sea (Nilsson-Cantell).
New records: Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, July 6, 1934,
floating, a number of specimens attached to gelatinous balls. Biorka
Island, Alaska, July 21, 1926, also attached to gelatinous balls. Swift-
sure Bank (lat. 48°31’ N., long. 124°53’ W.), August 5, 1934, attached
to a gelatinous ball.
232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
Genus SCALPELLUM Leach
SCALPELLUM COLUMBIANUM Pilsbry
FIcure 5
Scalpellum (Arcoscalpetlum) columbianum Pitssry, 1909, p. 367; CoRNWALL,
1930, pp. 215-217.
This species was described by Pilsbry from three specimens from
British Columbia. Cornwall (1930) described the mouth parts of
two specimens also from British Columbia and pointed out several
variations from the type material, i. e., the greater width of the
inframedian latus, the presence of hair on the outer margin of the
carina, and the slightly greater width of the capitulum. Cornwall
also figures three small individuals found with the two adults.
Five adult specimens of this species, found off Allen Bank, Puget
Sound, were unfortunately preserved dry. One adult and two im-
mature forms were found off Point No Point, Puget Sound. The
adults resembled those figured by Cornwall more nearly than the
type material. In all, the inframedian latus is wider than that of
the type and the capitulum is only 1.8 times as long as wide instead
of more than twice as long as in the type.
Other plates show some variation in proportion. In most the
rostral latus was more nearly the same width throughout instead of
much wider near the inframedian latus. Also the upper latus was
in most specimens wider in proportion to the length than in the type.
The capitulum is covered with a thin membrane on which fine
spines occur. These are slightly longer and more numerous near the
carina and are especially long along the ridges of the carina. In all
the specimens the scales on the peduncle are more numerous, 25 to
30 in a row, instead of about 10 as in the type.
The younger of the two immature forms (fig. 5, @) was very
similar to the immature form of S. gruvelianum figured by Broch
(1922). All the plates except the rostral latus and rostrum were
present. The surface was covered with a membrane with fine hairs
and a pair of “tentacular appendages” covered with fine hairs oc-
curred at the apex of the capitulum. At the base of the capitulum
there were two large scales on each side and one smaller scale below
the rostral angles of the scuta. In the older specimen the rostral
latus was present, and a sixth scale occurred on the peduncle below
the carina. In neither individual could the rostrum be distinguished.
The mouth parts of the specimen examined differed somewhat from
Cornwall’s description. The upper part of the labrum is bullate
(fig. 5, 6), and the palpi are somewhat acuminated. The fourth tooth
of the mandible is less blunt, and a greater part of the surface is
covered with hairs (fig. 5,7). The maxilla (fig. 5, @) shows no notch
BARNACLES FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC—-HENRY 233
below the upper large pair of spines. There are seven pairs of
spines below the upper pair. The last three are on a slight promi-
nence. The inferior border and the surface near the origin of the
spines are covered with fine hairs. Highly prominent tubular olfac-
tory organs are situated on the external surface of the outer maxillae.
Ul d
ds
Figure 5.—Scalpellum columbianum from Point No Point, Puget Sound: a, Immature, side
view, X 58; 0, labrum, X 39; c, caudal appendage, X 39; d, maxilla, X 80; e, sixth
segment of cirrus VI, X 80; /, mandible, x 80.
The anterior ramus of cirrus I is only slightly shorter than the
posterior ramus; both rami have seven segments. The first cirrus
is set a little apart from the other cirri. The second cirrus is longer
than the first and a little shorter than the third. The rami of both
the second and third cirri are unequal in length. The posterior cirri
are slightly curled. The sixth cirrus (fig. 5, ¢) has four pairs of
234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
spines on the median segments of the outer ramus and five pairs on
the median segments of the inner. There are two long thin spines
on the posterior distal angle and usually one very fine short spine
on the anterior distal border.
The caudal appendages (fig. 5, ¢) are short and flat with truncated
ends bearing fine spines. There is no penis.
Size (in millimeters) as follows:
CAPITULUM :
iene thes SS red tle A eA NL 10 10 9 9 8.5 11
AVVING la: k e e 5 5 4.5 4 + c
PEDUNCLE:
eng thy See ee ule re hor a 3 3 3 2 iz 4.5
DNV eh Bek Eola eh eee ae ee ee 2 2 2 2 2 2
Localities —Off Allen Bank, Puget Sound, April 8, 1937, 60 meters;
one specimen on Boltenia villosa, four specimens on Pyura haustor.
Off Point No Point, Puget Sound, April 7, 1933, 90 meters, one adult
and two immature on coral.
Genus MITELLA Oken
MITELLA POLYMERUS (Sowerby)
Synonymy: See Nilsson-Cantell, 1921, p. 165.
This species is abundant in many localities in Puget Sound and
individuals often attain a large size. The scales on the median part
of the peduncle are intermediate in size between those figured for
forma typica and forma echinata by Broch (1922). Gruvel (1905)
and Nilsson-Cantell (1921) state that the scales on the lower part of
the peduncle are in the form of spines and somewhat irregularly ar-
ranged. An examination of a number of specimens failed to reveal
any “spines” on the peduncle, which is in accord with the findings of
Broch (1922).
The mouth parts and cirri agree with the description of Darwin.
The membrane covering the prosoma and the sack, as well as the
mouth parts and some of the segments of the cirri, is covered with
fine spines. The spines are slightly larger and more numerous on
the membrane just below the labrum. The papillae on each side
of the filamentary appendages and on the sack have short spines and
spinules similar to those found on the filamentary appendages.
In many of the large specimens the caudal appendages have two
segments, with short spines at #the upper edge of each. In two speci-
mens only one caudal appendage occurred.
Localities —Washington: False Bay, San Juan Island; Iceberg
Point, Lopez Island; Goose Island; Seal Rock and Waadah Island,
Neah Bay. Bandon, Oreg. Trinidad, Calif. Ensenada, Lower
California.
LITERATURE CITED
ANNANDALE, NELSON.
1909. An account of the Indian Cirripedia Pedunculata. Part I.—Family
Lepadidae (sensu stricto). Mem. Indian Mus., vol. 2, pp. 61-137,
11 figs., 2 pls.
BrocH, HJALMAR.
1922. Studies on Pacific cirripeds. Vid. Medd. Dansk Naturh. Foren.
Kg¢gbenhavn, vol. 73, pp. 215-358, 77 figs.
1924. Cirripedia thoracica von Norwegen und dem norwegischen Nordmeere.
Hine systematische und biologisch-tiergegraphische Studie. Skrifter
Vid. Kristiania, mat.-naturv. Klasse, 1924, No. 17, 121 pp., 35 figs.,
3 pls.
CORNWALL, IRA E.
1925. A review of the Cirripedia of the coast of British Columbia, with
glossary, and key to genera and species. Contr. Can. Biol., new ser.,
vol. 2, No. 18, pp. 469-502, 9 figs., 6 pls.
1930. A barnacle (Scalpellum columbianum) from Departure Bay, B. C.
Contr. Can. Biol. and Fisher., new ser., vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 215-217, 1 fig.
DARWIN, CHARLES.
1851. A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species.
The Lepadidae; or, pedunculated cirripedes, xi + 400 pp., 10 pls.
Ray Society, London.
FISCHER, PAUL.
1884. Cirrhipédes de l’Archipel de la Nouvelle Calédonie. Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, vol. 9, pp. 855-860, 1 fig.
GRUVEL, ABEL.
1905. Monographie des Cirrhipédes ou Thécostracés, xii +472 pp., 427 figs.
Paris.
Hino, Fusio.
1937. Studies on cirripedian fauna of Japan. II. Cirripeds found in the
vicinity of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. Mem. Coll. Sci.
Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, vol. 12, pp. 385-478, 43 figs.
HOEK, PAULUS PERONIUS CATO.
1883. Report on the Cirripedia collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the
years 1873-76. The Voyage of H. M. 8S. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 8,
169, pp., 138 pls.
MIRANDA Y RIVERA, ALVARO DE.
1921. Algunos crustacéos de la coleccién del Laboratorio Biologico de Malaga.
Bol. Pescas, Madrid, vol. 6, pp. 179-205, 3 figs.
NILSSON-CANTELL, CARL AUGUST.
1921. Cirripeden-Studien. Zur Kenntnis der Biologie, Anatomie und Sys-
tematik dieser Gruppe. Zool. Bidrag Uppsala, vol. 7, pp. 75-3895, 89
figs., 3 pls.
1928. Studies on cirripeds in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 2, pp. 1-39, 16 figs.
1921. Cirripeds from the Juan Fernandez Islands, in “The Natural History
of Juan Fernandez and Easter Islands,” edited by Dr. Carl Skotts-
berg, Zoology, vol. 3, pt. 4, pp. 488-492, 3 figs.
235
236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
PILSBRY, HENRY AUGUSTUS.
1907. The barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U. S.
National Museum. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 60, 122 pp., 36 figs., 11 pls.
1909. A new species of Scalpellum from British Columbia. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 61, pp. 367-868, 2 figs.
1911. Barnacles of Japan and Bering Sea. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 29
(1909), pp. 59-84, 11 figs., 10 pls.
WELTNER, WILHELM.
1900. Die Cirripedien der Arktis, in Rémer and Schaudinn’s “Fauna Arctica,”
vol. 1, pp. 287-812, 1 fig., 1 pl.
WILLEMOES-SUHM, RUDOLF VON.
1876. On the development of Lepas fascicularis and the ‘‘Archizoéa” of Cir-
ripedia. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. 166, pp. 181-154, 6 pls.
0. 5, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3082
REVISION OF THE CHALCID-FLIES OF THE TRIBE
CHALCIDINI IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO
By B. D. Burxs
Tue tribe Chalcidini includes a relatively large number of the
more conspicuous Nearctic chalcidoids, most of which have long been
included in the genus Smicra. All the species in this tribe are
referable to the section “Abdomine Petiolato” of the genus Chalcis 1
of Fabricius. The tribe Chalcidini as here limited is equivalent to
the genus Chalcis as defined by Westwood.? Most authors have
treated the group as the genus Smicra or Smiera. As Gahan and
Fagan * showed that Smcra (Smiera) Spinola and Chalcis Fabri-
clus were isogenotypic, the genus formerly called Smécra took the
name Chalcis instead, and the species that had long been placed in
the latter genus were referred to Brachymeria. In 1904 Ashmead 4
formulated the tribe Smicrini and included in it, along with Smicra,
a large number of genera. With the change in the name of its type
genus, it becomes necessary likewise to change the name of the tribe
Smicrini to Chalcidini, the Chalcidini of Ashmead becoming Bra-
chymerini. The tribe Chalcidini, as treated here, is almost identical
with Smicrini Ashmead.
METHODS
In this paper, wherever possible, the comparative terms in general
use in insect morphology have been used instead of the more or less
conventional taxonomic terminology.
1 Systema piezatorum, p. 150, 1804.
? An introduction to the modern classification of insects, vol. 2, p. 65, 1840.
*U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 183, 1923.
“Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 250, 1904.
237
238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
The structures mentioned in the following keys and descriptions
may be located by referring to figures 6, 7, a, 10,6, and 13,6. Figure 6
shows those structures visible from the lateral aspect of the entire
body, figure 7, a, the structures and areas visible from the anterior
aspect of the head, and figure 10, d, the sclerites and areas of the dor-
sum of the thorax. Figure 18, 6, is the posterior aspect of a propo-
deum and shows the location of the spiracles on that segment. These
spiracles are somewhat difficult to locate on many specimens.
In order to see the characters used in the keys and descriptions in
this paper, it is necessary to use a microscope providing magnifica-
tions of 50 to 100 diameters and a very strong light. All measure-
ments used have been made with a disk micrometer. Definite meas-
urements in millimeters are not usable in the Chalcidini, because of
the wide range in size of specimens to be encountered within a
species. Comparative measurements of two structures on the same
specimen are, however, fairly reliable. Several hundred measure-
ments made on specimens of two of the commonest species, Spilochal-
cis mariae (Riley) and S. side (Walker), indicate that variations of
10 to 15 percent in these comparative measurements are to be ex-
pected. The measurements given in the following descriptions are,
therefore, stated in terms that seem broad enough to encompass the
actual or probable variation. In the descriptions the term “slightly”
is used where structures are visibly not the same size, but measure-
ments have shown them to differ by less than 10 percent.
Figure 6.—Chalcis sispes (Linnaeus) : Lateral aspect.
Peepers eee ae axilla ME Wee ae hindwing
Oe eee EN costal vein Mot he ee marginal vein
Cpe compound eye aD ee ee forewing
Cerin Iw cercus Oce i sat eaters ocellus
OU2 See clypeus Peed tee pedicel
Cuseeeeee dss cubital vein Pat eens parapsidal furrow
Dye eee! epipygium PMyiit 2.2 postmarginal vein
NG Gon) Sees frontogenal suture Pays see eS pronotum
Use SLE flagellum Preaee eee propodeum
ye Se Bk hypopygium PrPe sae. prepectus
MM es a medial vein Pb eae ee petiole
MORSE Lee mesocoxa pee eee radio-medial cross vein
MES uae ee, mandible RA Se See ring segment
ME A Pen mesoepimeron Rell se ees radial sector vein
Mipesuk mesoepisternum Repo ee anterior branch of
DU ee aaa mesofemur radial sector vein
MiPpiia. cic mesopraescutum Sa subcostal vein
TM Bie ee mesoscutum Sea= seit, antennal scape
MS Clee, mesoscutellum ipiet See 2 sete Oovipositor sheath
MC OEE Seek metacoxa Sia Leen submarginal vein
Mibpses =. metepisternum Bp ee tibial spur
MPT aes eh metafemur S§ese oe eee stigmal vein
MEN ee metanotum Stree cote strigilis
Mit Tee metatrochanter DD Ge wen tegula
ET Se ee ae metatibia
239
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS
MOT} BUBIAXS IOF 8EZ
CSS
IY
‘d 999—"9 MANDI.
LW
240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
The measurements of the width of the malar space, the interocular
space, and the height of the compound eyes have been uniformly
made from the anterior aspect. It is obviously necessary to measure
all specimens from the same angle, as none of the areas to be measured
is flat; the width of the compound eye varies widely if specimens
are not all measured from exactly the same angle. The lengths of
the various segments of the antennae have been measured from the
dorsal aspect; measurements made from any other angle will not
agree with those given here. The length and width of the petiole
have, likewise, been measured from the dorsal aspect.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to express my indebtedness to the directors of the Bache
Fund of the National Academy of Sciences for a grant that made
possible the study of the materials in the United States National
Museum and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
A. B. Gahan, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran-
tine, very kindly gave much helpful advice and generously permitted
me to use the notes he made in several European museums on a
number of important types of Chalcididae. Dr. H. H. Ross, of the
Illinois State Natural History Survey, aided in the solution of many
difficulties encountered during the preparation of this study. The
authorities of the Academy of Natural Sciences ef Philadelphia
granted permission to study and dissect, where necessary, the im-
portant Cresson types. Dr. Ch. Ferriére, of the British Museum,
kindly furnished information on types, made comparisons with sev-
eral of Walker’s and Kirby’s types, and lent for study a cotype of
Smicra rufipes Kirby. Dr. Olaw Schroeder, of the Kiel Museum,
made comparisons with the types of the two Fabrician species from
this area. Dr. Richard Dow, of the Boston Society of Natural His-
tory, compared specimens with the type of Chalcis bracata Sanborn.
Dr. G. N. Wolcott, of the Insular Agricultural Experiment Station
of Puerto Rico, assisted by lending the types of his species Spilo-
chalcis syrphidis and S. homledrae for study. Dr. J. C. Bradley,
of Cornell University, lent a number of paratypes of Cameron’s
species described from the Baker collection. Dr. Lucien Berland, of
the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, generously fur-
nished information on types located in that institution, made com-
parisons with several types, and lent for study cotypes of Smicra
conjungens Walker and Conura scutellaris Sichel.
This revision is based principally on the collection of the United
States National Museum. The following individuals and institutions
have lent, in addition, over 2,000 specimens:
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 241
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.; Prof. Charles P. Alexander,
Massachusetts State College, Amherst, Mass.; American Museum of Natural His-
tory, New York City; Prof. R. H. Beamer, University of Kansas, Lawrence,
Kans.; T. E. Birkett, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.; Boston Society of
Natural History, Boston, Mass.; Prof. J. Chester Bradley, Cornell University,
Ithaca, N. Y:; C. Walter Collins, Dutch Him Disease Laboratory, Morristown,
N. J.; Dr. Derrill M. Daniel, New York Agricultural Hxperiment Station, Geneva,
N. Y.; Deutsches Hntomologisches Institut, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany; Depart-
ment of Hntomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.; Prof. E. O. Essig,
University of California, Berkeley, Calif.; Field Museum of Natural History,
Chicago, Ill.; Prof. C. L. Fluke, Jr., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.;
Dwight Isely, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark.; Prof. Maurice T.
James, Colorado State College, Fort Collins, Colo.; Prof. H. H. Knight, Iowa
State College, Ames, Iowa; Dr. J. H. McDunnough, Department of Agriculture,
Oitawa, Ontario; Dr. C. E. Mickel, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn.;
Prof. R. H. Painter, Kansas Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kans.; Dr. William
Procter, Biological Survey of the Mount Desert Region, Bar Harbor, Maine;
Dr. H. H. Ross, Illinois State Natural History Survey, Urbana, Ill.; ©. W.
Sabrosky, Michigan State College, East Lansing, Mich.; Prof. H. A. Scullen,
Oregon State Agricultural College, Corvallis, Oreg.; Prof. H. C. Severin, South
Dakota State College, Brookings, S. Dak.; S. A. Shaw, Hampton, N. H.; Prof.
W. E. Shull, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho; and J. R. Watson, Florida
Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville, Fla.
Finally, I wish to express my indebtedness to Prof. W. V. Balduf,
of the Department of Entomology of the University of Illinois, under
whose direction this study was made.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA
Family CHALCIDIDAE
Subfamily CHALCIDINAE
Tribe CHALCIDINI
Chalcis Fasrictus, Mantissa insectorum ... , vol. 1, p. 272, 1787 (in part).
Smicrini AsHMrapD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 248, 1904.—Scum1xEpr-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 18, 1909.—HaNpLIRScH, in
Schréder’s Handbuch der Hntomologie, vol. 3, p. 771, 1925; in Kiikenthal’s
Handbuch der Zoologie, vol. 4, p. 976, 1933.
Smicrinariae Mant, Rec. Indian Mus., vol. 37, p. 251, 1935.
The following characters will differentiate the members of the
tribe Chalcidini from all other members of the superfamily Chalci-
doidea:
Antennae 13-segmented, inserted approximately in center of frons,
usually considerably dorsad of ventral margins of compound eyes,
but occasionally at level of ventral margins (fig. 7, a, e, 7), never
inserted near clypeal suture (as in fig. 7, d@); vertex not produced
anteriorly in form of two hornlike projections (as in fig. 7, b, ¢) ;
tegulae not extended anteriorly to, or almost to, posterior margins of
242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
pronotum, as in Leucospis (fig. 10, a) ; forewings always with a dis-
tinct cell indicated posterior to marginal vein (fig. 6), never with an
isolated fragment of base of M+Cu, preserved in wing, as in
Leucospis (fig. 10, g); hindwing always with three hamuli (except
in some species of the nigricornis group of Spilochalcis) ; metacoxae
enlarged, long, round in cross section; metafemora enlarged, provided
with more than one tooth on outer ventral margin (figs. 11, A-%; 12) ;
metatibiae completely arcuate and provided with only one apical spur
(fig. 11, 2), never incompletely arcuate and provided with two apical
spurs, as in Haltichella (fig. 11, g) ; propodeum provided with a pair
of slitlike spiracles (fig. 18, 6) ; abdomen distinctly petiolate, petiole
always with a basal lamina (fig. 18, d—7), never sessile; petiole arising
from apex of propodeum, never far up near apex of mesoscutellum;
cerci reduced to a pair of disk-shaped setigerous sclerites, which are
placed well in from posterior margin of epipygium (fig. 13, 7-7),
never distinctly produced and articulated at base, as in Podagrion
(fig. 14, 2); male genitalia (fig. 14, 0) composed of an outer mem-
branous sheath, a sclerotized inner sheath (SA), a pair of toothed
sagittae (Sag), and a pair of apically fused penis valves (Oe).
KEY TO GENERA OF CHALCIDINI
1. Female, ninth sternite concealed, antennal scape narrow______----_-______ 2
Male, ninth sternite exposed, antennal scape broad____________--__________ 6
2. Hypopygium produced posteriorly to or beyond apex of abdomen,
Ovipositor arising Mear apex (figs 0s;, fs Oey) aes eee eee 3
Hypopygium absent or very indistinct, ovipositor arising far
FOTWALG (HS VI3 4d, Ret) Ree ee ie Bee eek e ee ee ee ee 4
3. Metafemora with three or four large, slightly curved teeth (fig.
11, %); anterior dorsal margin of pronotum with a lamina
extending scompletehyai a CROSS sos a ek ee ar Metadontia
All metafemoral teeth, except basal one, small, none curved
(fig. 11, i, 7); anterior dorsal margin of pronotum acarinate
TO SUD Vat Ba ie ee DS ee ee Tela eel Pe ek Chalcis
4. Abdominal petiole long, slender, three-fourths or more length
OL Wmetacoxa es 245 no tk tee a ea Ni ee oY ee oe eg a 5
Petiole short, usually stout, always only one-half or less length
Of “Meta coxa sa. eee A EE ie 2 Ug ee ee ee Spilochalcis
5. Parapsidal furrows distinct, apex of mesoscutellum without pro-
AXES 600) 0S |e cs aa ahr EE ere ed ln a ave i vga 2 ie ts open AU 4 wb Ceratosmicra
Parapsidal furrows obliterated, apex of mesoscutellum with two
Proninent, upturned projections. soe ee eee Xanthomelanus
6. Claws of protarsi bifid at apices (fig. 11, a-f), ninth sternite of
abdomen emarginate at apex (fig. 14, a-g) -----_------------__-__ Chalcis
Claws of protarsi simple, ninth sternite entire or very obscurely
MAU TI Ae Ss ee TER SESS Ne Se eee eee ee ee RE oer ee ee 7
7. Petiole long and slender, always more than four-fifths length of
metacoxs-th2e) orryptiquarn-et am Perna yet Tes a iiie sd arte eas 8
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 243
8. Parapsidal furrows distinct, apex of mesoscutellum without pro-
SCCHONS sete seek ewe Oe ee eee Ceratosmicra
Parapsidal furrows obliterated, apex of mesoscutellum with two
prominent, upturned projections________---------------~-- Xanthomelanus
9. Procoxae, from lateral aspect, longer than wide, metafemora with
five or six long, slightly curved teeth (fig. 11, &) --_-_--------- Metadontia
Procoxae, from lateral aspect, as long as wide or wider than long,
metafemora usually with no long, curved teeth, sometimes with
GYEe (ilo an — 1) ee ee Spilochalcis
The genus Xanthomelanus has not, so far, been found to have any
representatives in America north of Mexico, but it is quite likely
that some will eventually be found here. The genus has, therefore
been included. This generic key will probably not serve for the
segregation of Neotropical material, as I have made no intensive
effort to discover generic characters in the available extralimita]
material.
Genus CHALCIS Fabricius
Chalcis Fasricius, Mantissa insectorum..., vol. 1, p. 272, 1787 (in part).—
Hispner, Der Naturforscher, vol. 24, p. 54, 1789.—RorMeEr, Genera insectorum,
p. 59, 1789.—Gmetin, Systema naturae, ed. 13, vol. 1, pt. 5, p. 2742, 1790.—
Ottivirr, Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. 5, p. 487, 1790.—Ross1, Mantissa
insectorum, p. 126, 1792.—Panzer, Faunae insectorum Germaniae initia, vol.
22, p. 6, 1794.—Lamarck, Systéme des animaux sans vertébres, p. 266, 1801.—
LATREILLE, Histoire naturelle . . . des insectes, vol. 3, p. 311, 1802.—WALcKE-
NAER, Faune Parisienne, Insectes, vol. 2, p. 77, 1802.—Fasrrctus, Systema
piezatorum, p. 149, 1804.—LatreitLe, Histoire naturelle ... des insectes,
vol. 13, p. 219, 1805.—Jur1nE, Nouvelle méthode de classer les hyménoptéres
et les diptéres, p. 312, 1807 —LatTREILLE, Genera crustaceorum et insectorum,
vol. 4, p. 25, 1809; Considérations générales . . . des insectes, pp. 303, 436,
1810.—NEEsS AB ESENBECK, Hymenopterorum ichneumonibus afinium mono-
graphiae .. ., vol. 2, p. 20, 18834——Westwoop, An introduction to the mod-
ern classification of insects, p. 65, 1840.—Dumérm, Mém. Acad. Sci. Inst.
France, vol. 31, p. 957, 1860.—PAckKARD, Guide to the study of insects. . ., p.
208, 1872.—GAHAN and Fagan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 31, 1928. (Geno-
type Sphex myrifex Sulzer [=Chrysis sispes Fabricius].)
Smiera Sprnota, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 17, p. 147, 1811 (in part).—Cvunrtis,
British entomology, vol. 3, p. 472, 18833 —WaALKER, Ent. Mag., vol. 2, p. 20,
1835.—TASCHENBERG, Die Hymenopteren Deutschlands .. ., p. 111, 1866.
Smicra SprnoLa, Mag. Zool., vol. 7, p. 180, 1837 (in part).—AcAssiz, Nomencla-
tor zoologicus, p. 30, 1846.—Forster, Hymenopterologische Studien, vol. 2,
p. 30, 1856.—TAscHENBERG, Die Hymenopteren Deutschlands..., p. 95,
1866.—WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 40, 1871—Cresson, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soce., vol. 4, p. 35, 1872. Van VOLLENHOVEN, Pinacographia, p. 47, 1880.—
CAMERON, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 78, 1883.—
GrrArD, Traité élémentaire d’entomologie .. ., vol. 3, p. 37, 1885.
Smicra Spinola (sensu stricto), THomson, Hymenoptera Scandinaviae, vol. 4,
p. 138, 1875.—Kirpy, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 54, 1883.—
Howakrp, Ent. Amer., vol. 1, p. 215, 1885.—ProvancHeEr, Additions et correc-
tions 4 la faune hyménopterologique . . . Canada, p. 189, 1887.—CrREsson,
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of
244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
Mexico, p. 67, 1887.—ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 4, p. 87, 1888.—DaAtua Torre,
Catalogus hymenopterorum..., vol. 5, p. 372, 1898.—AsHmEAD, Mem.
Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 250, 1904.—Kierrrr, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol.
49, p. 245, 1905.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 30,
1909.—VirrEckK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 22, p. 526, 1916.
Description.—Legs and venter of body densely covered with short,
hydrofuge pubescence, dorsum with longer, more scattered pubescence;
punctation coarse; antennae 13-segmented, inserted approximately
in center of frons; female flagellum slightly enlarged toward apex,
male flagellum uniform in size throughout, fourth antennal segment
always longer than any following segments; eyes relatively small, width
of malar space usually one-half or more height of compound eye; head
transverse when viewed from dorsal aspect; right mandible always
with three teeth, left with two or three teeth, dorsal one always larg-
est and longest; protarsal claws of male bifid at apex and provided
with several large spines on basal enlargement, claws of female elon-
gate, simple at apex, but usualiy with teeth or spines at base; prepectus
often completely concealed, when visible, discernible as a narrow,
tonguelike sclerite projecting between lateral margin of mesoscutum
and mesopleuron; metacoxae long, slender, without a smooth asetose
area on dorsal surface; forewing with cell R, narrow (fig. 6) ; gaster of
abdomen globose, third abdominal segment usually occupying almost
half length of gaster; ovipositor normally held nearly upright, aris-
ing near posterior end of abdomen; female with hypopygium con-
spicuously exserted (fig. 18, 7, g); ninth sternite of male slightly
excavated in mesal area and emarginate at apex (fig. 14, a-g).
Remarks.—The species of Chalcis are, where known, parasites of
the larvae of Stratiomylidae and are to be taken only in cattail bogs
and other such marshy habitats. Chalcis is typically northern in
distribution, but a few specimens referable to this genus have been
collected from mountainous localities in the subtropical and tropical
areas.
Henneguy * describes and figures the egg and three stages in the
embryological development of the European species Chalcis sispes
(Linnaeus). The egg of this species differs from that of most chalci-
doids in having a stalk at each end, rather than only at one end.
Bischoff ° states that the eggs of Chalcis are deposited in the egg masses
of their stratiomyiid hosts. Hart’ has published some observations
on the habits of some species of Chalcis in America. He observed the
adults apparently feeding on stratiomylid eggs and reared two species
from their larvae.
5 Les insectes, pp. 314, 337, 1904.
* Biologie der Hymenopteren, p. 423, 1927.
TTllinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bull. 4, p. 253, 1894.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 245
KEY TO SPECIES OF CHALCIS
. Female, hypopygium exserted (fig. 13, f, g), antennal scape
SL CTC Crees a ee A Ne eee eee ee eres eS ee 2
Male, ninth sternite emarginate (fig. 14, a-g), antennal scape
BNONC Cre ite ei ol Ee A pe aie eee eee ee ee es 10
. Metafemur with outer basal tooth much larger and longer than
Tollowine teeth) j(tigi ail 9) se ea ee ee ee 3
Metafemur with outer basal tooth little if any larger than
LOW OWwan ei Leethys (ise lah. 4) ee aN ee ee ee ee 5
HS Dorsum or thorax entirely Dlack= == a megalomis (p. 250)
Dorsum of thorax’ with) yellowsmarkings_ 2 iil) ses er eee eee 4
. Dorsum of pronotum with a yellow band extending completely
across posterior margin; body sparsely setose__-_.___-__-- divisa (p. 246)
Dorsum of pronotum with two yellow spots near lateral mar-
gins; body densely covered with long, white setae___--_____ lasia (p. 248)
. Apex of hypopygium isolated from eighth tergite (fig. 18, g) ------_-----__ 6
Apex of hypopygium not isolated from eighth tergite (fig. 18, f) _---_---__ 8
1, inner toothiof metafemur lacking!as5 w425 Sere eee ta fiebilis (p. 254)
Inner tooth of metafemur present, large, acute________--_-_-____---__----_- 7
. Petiole conspicuously rugose over entire surface; outer surface
of metafemur brown or black with yellow or tan markings_ neptis (p. 251)
Petiole reticulated only near base; outer surface of metafemur
uniformly —brown=—2— = 2100 Ahll) eee ro ee barbara (p. 255)
. Dorsal surface of petiole densely covered by short, irregular
EATERY D G4 VS ce Eg NN PS a SE canadensis (p. 258)
Dorsal surface of petiole glabrous, or nearly so; carinae, if pres-
ent-slocatedvonly Jaterad ton petiole: 22 - = a ee ee eee 9
. Petiole with lateral carinae; mesotibia with strong apical spur.
microgaster (p. 259)
Petiole without lateral carinae; mesotibial spur extremely
MVM UG OeS. oe pte ea I Ba phoenicapoda (p. 257)
CET ONG give) 0 yy i a I Pe ee a 2 er eat
PeriolenDrowiMnOr DLAC Kas. 2 Sarees eNO Neer TN Oe eee 12
Setae of body short; posterior carina of head extended dorsad
only one-half distance from base of mandible to dorsal angle
ofthedd (Gg 477 Wi) Se bare foe ere el ie eit let ad ed divisa (p. 246)
Body densely covered with conspicuous, long, white setae; pos-
terior carina of head extended to dorsal angle of head (fig.
CGA) ese eR GENO EP a ES Sr) ee ete eee lasia (p. 248)
Petiole conspicuously rugose, ventral surface with a strong
longitudinal; mesal/carinaVs! 20) eee eee neptis (p. 251)
Petiole without a mesal carina on ventral surface_______________________ 13
Inner tooth of metafemur large, acute; frontogenal suture
STOTT Sd Vegi Aa Or] CUR re ae RL TR aed barbara (p. 255)
Inner tooth of metafemur minute and obscure or lacking en-
tirely; frontogenal suture straight or lacking.______-__-__§_____-______ 14
Antennaliscape spatulates (fie: Sid) ==" sen See eee flebilis (p. 254)
Antennal seape not), Spatubate: © 2.202 0s ee ie eee ee ee A 15
Antennal scape expanded near base (fig. 8, f)-_--___-____ canadensis (p. 258)
Antennal scape nearly uniform in width throughout (fig. 8, g).
microgaster (p. 259)
246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88
CHALCIS DIVISA (Walker)
FIcurEs 7, h; 8, a; 14, a
Smiera divisa WALKER, Journ. Ent., vol. 1, p. 178, 1861.
Smicra divisa (Walker) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—CreEsson,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 55, 1872.—CaMEron, Biologia Centrali-
Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 96, 1884—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr.
Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Datzta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum
.., vol. 5, p. 376, 1898—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97,
p. 34, 1909.
This species is most readily recognized in the female by the trans-
verse yellow stripe at the posterior margin of the dorsum of the
pronotum and by the large basal tooth of the metafemur; the male
is recognized by its long, slender, yellow petiole and the wide malar
space,
Description —Black with yellow markings; frons, except small
area dorsad of clypeus, posterior dorsal margin of pronotum, tegulae,
usually apices of profemora and mesofemora, posterolateral angles
of mesoscutellum, base and angled dorsal and apical stripe of meta-
femora, basal half of metatibia, and petiole, yellow; most of anterior
and mesolegs, apices of metacoxae, disk and apex of metafemora, and
gaster, reddish brown.
Female: 7-8 mm. Antennae inserted ventrad of center of frons,
scape exceeding level of posterior ocelli by one-quarter its length, ped-
icel one-third and ring segment one-sixth length of segment 4, segment
13 minute; margin of scrobe cavity acarinate laterad, strong trans-
verse carinae present in scrobe cavity just ventral to anterior ocellus;
interantennal projection with a distinct mesal carina; width of malar
space three-fifths height of compound eye; frontogenal suture obso-
lete; combined widths of compound eyes two-thirds interocular space
at level of antennal bases; posterior carina of head extending from
base of mandible to middle of posterior margin of compound eye
(fig. 7, 2) ; head, viewed from dorsal aspect, strongly transverse with
compound eyes protruding.
Fiaure 7.—Heads of Chalecidini.
a, Spilochalcis zanthostigma (Dalman): Anterior aspect. (AT, anterior
tentorial pit; CE, compound eye; Cl, clypeus; FGS, frontogenal suture;
FP, frontal tentorial pit; JP, interantennal projection; MS, malar space;
Oc, ocellus; SC, scrobe cavity; W, interocellar space; X, width of com-
pound eye; Y, height of compound eye; Z, interocular space.)
b, c, Dirhinus texanus (Ashmead): b, Dorsal aspect; c, lateral aspect.
d, Haltichella sp.: Anterior aspect.
e, Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson): Anterior aspect.
f, j, Spilochalcis femorata (Fabricius): f, Anterior aspect; j, lateral aspect.
g, Spilochalcis juxta (Cresson): Lateral aspect.
h, Chalcis divisa (Walker): Lateral aspect.
2, Chalcis lasia, new species: Lateral aspect.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS Q47
t
FicurE 7.—See opposite page for explanation.
248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Anterolateral and sublateral angles of pronotum slightly produced,
vaguely carinate; pubescence fine, inconspicuous, all setae of uniform
length; prepectus extremely narrow, sometimes entirely concealed;
apex of mesoscutellum provided with a narrow, mesally depressed
lamina; outer basal tooth of metafemur large (as in fig. 11, 7), fol-
lowed by six to eight smaller teeth, apical two or three indistinctly
divided; inner tooth absent; apex of metatibia very slender and
acute, long, almost reaching trochanter when tibia is folded against
femur.
Propodeum coarsely and irregularly carinate, large, lateral teeth
projecting on each side of point of insertion of petiole, spiracular
openings vertical; petiole glabrous, twice as long as wide, a pair of
minute lateral, subbasal projections usually present; gaster usually
equal in length to metafemur, abdominal segments 4 to 7 densely
covered with lateral setae; eighth tergite densely setose; cerci round,
located near posterior margin of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheath
provided with a few long, ventral setae; apex of hypopygium isolated
from eighth tergite (as in fig. 13, 7).
Male: 6.5 mm. Antennal scape broadened from base to apex (fig.
8, a) ; outer basal tooth of metafemur no longer than following ones;
petiole three times as long as wide; gaster slightly shorter than meta-
femur; ninth sternite shallowly excavated on meson (fig. 14, a).
Type locality —Mexico.
Types.—Lectotype, male, British Museum; lectoallotype, female,
British Museum; comparisons made by Dr. Ch. Ferriére. The abdo-
men and hindlegs are missing from the female type.
Host.—Unknown.
Distribution—Anrizona: Grand Canyon, July 10, 1892, 1 female;
July 27, 1 male. Kansas: McPherson County, July 1, 1934, C. W.
Sabrosky, 1 female. OxtaHoma: Reagan, June 2, 1937, H. H. Ross,
5 females, 3 males. Onrecon: Breitenbush Hot Springs, July 2, 1934,
H. A. Scullen, 1 male. Mexico: Matamoros, August 12, 1903, W. L.
Tower, 1 female.
CHALCIS LASIA, new species
FIGURES 7, i; 8, 6b; 11, a; 14, b, o
This species is closely allied to Chalets divisa (Walker) but is most
readily distinguished by these characters: Body elongate, narrow, con-
spicuously covered with long, white setae of various lengths, poste-
rior carina of head extended from base of mandible to posterodorsal
angle of head, apical lamina of mesoscutellum not depressed on meson.
Description.—Black with yellow markings, setae white; frons lat-
erad of scrobe cavity, anterior and mesolegs, lateral triangular spots
on dorsum of pronotum, two lateral spots on mesoscutellum, in fe-
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 249
male two small areas at posterolateral angles of mesopraescutum, wide
basal, dorsal, and subapical areas on outer surface of metafemur,
basal and ventral stripe on metatibia, petiole, and transverse dorsal
spot on male third abdominal segment, yellow; disk and apex of outer
surface of metafemur brown or black.
Female:8mm. Antennae inserted ventrad of center of frons, scape
exceeding level of posterior ocelli, pedicel one-third, ring segment one-
tenth length of segment 4, flagellar segments somewhat variable and
asymmetrical, segment 5 usually two-thirds length of 4, last three seg-
ments indistinctly divided; scrobe cavity deep, surface provided with
strong transverse carinae; interantennal projection with a small, ir-
regular anterior carina; frons densely covered with long, white pu-
bescence; surface provided with irregular punctures and minute
carinae; width of malar space one-half height of compound eye,
frontogenal suture obsolete; combined widths of compound eyes three-
quarters width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; left
mandible with two blunt teeth, dorsal one much larger, right mandible
with three teeth, dorsal one acute, two ventral ones blunt.
Dorsum of thorax deeply and densely punctured, punctures some-
what shallower on mesoscutum, pubescence very long and dense; an-
terolateral angles of pronotum carinate, anterior dorsal margin acari-
nate on mesal two-thirds; parapsidal grooves obscure; apical spur
of mesotibia small; apex of mesoscutellum with a narrow lamina,
which is not depressed on meson; metafemur densely covered by
minute setae, outer ventral margin with 11 to 14 small, widely spaced
teeth, basal tooth larger than others; inner tooth minute, located near
trochanter; apex of mesotibia acute, variable in length.
Propodeum covered with strong, irregular carinae; two basolateral
areas minutely reticulated, almost smooth; spiracular openings
slightly oblique; no lateral propodeal teeth present; petiole glabrous,
two and one-half times as long as wide, lateral carinae present on
basal one-third of petiole; gaster slightly shorter than metafemur;
abdominal segments 3 to 7 with long lateral setae; eighth tergite
obscurely punctured and lightly shagreened; cerci oval, located near
anterior margin of ninth tergite; apex of hypopygium isolated from
eighth tergite.
Male: 7 mm. Antennal scape expanded (fig. 8, 6); frontogenal
suture extending parallel with dorsal margin of clypeus for two-
thirds its length, then sharply curved toward compound eye (fig.
7, 7); combined widths of compound eyes equal to interocular space
at level of antennal bases; protarsal claw (fig. 11, 2) with many long,
comblike teeth; basal tooth of metafemur not larger than others;
petiole three and one-half times as long as wide; ninth sternite (fig.
14, 6) slightly excavated on meson.
250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
Type locality—California.
Types.—Holotype, female, Mojave, Calif., April 26, 1986, E. G.
Linsley; allotype, male, Tehachapi, Calif., August 3, 1897, C. F.
Baker; paratypes, California, 2 males, southern California, 1 male.
Holotype and allotype deposited in the U. S. National Museum, para-
types in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Host.—Unknown.
CHALCIS MEGALOMIS, new species
Ficure 11, 7
This species is closely related to Chalcis divisa (Walker) but is
most readily distinguished by the wider malar space, shorter petiole,
and the completely black dorsum of the thorax.
Description.—Black; two small spots on frons near bases of an-
tennae, base of metafemur, and petiole, yellow; protibiae and meso-
tibiae and all tarsi, wings, and gaster, brown.
Female: 5-8 mm. Antennae inserted slightly ventrad of center of
frons, scape exceeding, by one-fourth its length, level of posterior
ocelli, ring segment less than one-half length of pedicel, segment 4
one-eighth longer than 5, segments 5 to 7 equal, following ones
shorter, except 13, which equals length of 7; a series of parallel
transverse ridges present in scrobe cavity just ventral to anterior
ocellus; a prominent transverse carina present on frons just ventrad
of antennal bases; malar space two-thirds height of compound eye;
frontogenal suture obliterated; left mandible with one large acute
dorsal tooth and one blunt ventral tooth, right mandible with three
nearly equal rounded teeth; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly
less than one-half width of interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax covered by fine, decumbent pubescence, setae
dense at posterolateral angles of pronotum; punctation coarse, deep;
parapsidal grooves distinct; prepectus narrow, extending almost to
tegula; mesotibial spur small; apex of mesoscutellum provided with
a narrow, mesally emarginate lamina; metacoxae very slightly
flattened on outer dorsal side at apex, pubescence dense, short; meta-
femur densely covered by short pubescence, ventral margin with 10
or 11 teeth, outer basal one three times as large as any others (fig.
11, 7); imner tooth lacking; apex of metatibia long, sharp; apex of
last segment of posterior tarsus with two long dorsal and two shorter
lateral setae; claw long, with a very small, blunt inner tooth, basa!
enlargement without teeth or spines, but with several long setae.
Propodeum conspicuously carinate over entire surface; spiracular
openings vertical; petiole glabrous, two-thirds length of metacoxa,
a pair of small lateral projections present on each side near base;
gaster usually slightly shorter than metafemur; third abdominal
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 251
segment with a few dorsal setae, following segments uniformly cov-
ered by moderately long setae; cerci oval, located near posterior
margin of epipygium; ovipositor sheath with ventral margin straight,
apex acutely pointed, a few long apical setae present on ventral side;
hypopygium provided with a few long, lateral setae, apex isolated
from eighth tergite (as in fig. 13, g).
Male: Unknown.
Type locality—Northern Illinois.
Types.—Holotype, female, Princeton, Ill., July 2, 1936, Burks et al.;
paratypes, Princeton, Ill., July 2, 1936, 12 females; Princeton, IIL.
July 7, 1934, DeLong and Ross, 1 female; McHenry, Ill., July 27,
1934, DeLong and Ross, 2 females; Boulder, Colo., University Cam-
pus, October 2, 1917, Ada Knoale, 1 female. Holotype and 14 para-
types deposited in Illinois State Natural History Survey collection;
three paratypes, U. S. National Museum; one paratype, British
Museum.
Host.—Unknown.
CHALCIS NEPTIS, new species
FicurEs 8, c; 11, 0; 14, c
This species is closely related to Chalcis divisa (Walker) but is
distinguished by the long, narrow body, the longitudinal mesal de-
pression of the mesopraescutum, and the conspicuously rugose petiole.
Description —Black; two yellow spots on frons near bases of an-
tennae; anterior and mesolegs brown, with apices of femora and
tibiae yellow; wings brown; metafemora brown, usually with base,
an oblique dorsal stripe, and a small ventral spot near apex, yellow.
Female: 5-6 mm. Antennae inserted slightly ventrad of center
of frons; apex of scape just attaining level of posterior ocelli, ring
segment one-half length of pedicel; segment 4 one and one-half times
the length of segment 5, segments 5 and 6 equal, following ones
slightly shorter and equal in length, suture between 12 and 13 ob-
scure; interantennal projection large, terminating in a carina run-
ning halfway up scrobe cavity; width of malar space one-half height
of compound eye; frontogenal suture extending ventrally from. com-
pound eye for two-thirds its length, then abruptly recurved toward
mandible; a carina extends parallel to suture near mandible, then
curves obliquely ventrally at point where suture curves: suture and
carina enclose a small triangular area at ventral margin of compound
eye; left mandible with one large, blunt, dorsal tooth and a smaller,
rounded, ventral tooth, right mandible with one sharp dorsal tooth
and two blunt ventral ones, ventral teeth slightly curved inward;
diameter of posterior ocellus one-third width of interocellar space.
252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
Pronotum with prominent laterodorsal tufts of pubescence; punc-
tation of dorsum of thorax coarse, irregular; parapsidal grooves
partly obscured posteriorly; mesopraescutum with longitudinal mesal
depression; prepectus visible only as a small triangular sclerite at
anterolateral angle of mesoscutum; mesoscutellum slightly emargi-
nate at apex; mesotibial spur minute; metacoxae slender, sparsely
covered by long pubescence; outer surface of metafemur densely
covered by short pubescence, scattered longer setae present at base
and on ventral margin, 14 to 16 teeth present on outer ventral mar-
gin, basal one slightly larger; distinct, sharp inner tooth present;
apex of metatibia long, sharp; six large apical spimes present on
posterior tarsus; claw long, basal enlargement with several minute
spines. :
Propodeum conspicuously carinate, laterobasal areas with carinae
directed obliquely from meson, two strong, lateral, subapical carinae
present, spiracular opening vertical; petiole twice as long as wide,
surface conspicuously covered with irregular dorsal carinae and
rugae, two strong lateral carinae present on either side, ventral one
becoming obsolete before reaching apex, a row of long, dense setae
present at each lateral margin; gaster usually equal in length to
metafemur, third abdominal segment glabrous, without setae, fol-
lowing segments covered by short, appressed pubescence; cerci oval,
located near anterior margin of epipygium; ovipositor sheath sinuate
on ventral margin, apex acutely pointed and provided with a dense
tuft of setae, some of which are long and slightly curved; hypo-
pygium strongly exserted, apex isolated from eighth tergite (as
in fig. 13, g).
Figure 8.—Male antennal scapes of Chalcidini.
a, Chalcis divisa (Walker): Mesal aspect.
b, Chalcis lasia, new species: Mesal aspect.
c, Chalcis neptis, new species: Mesal aspect.
d, Chalcis flebilis (Cresson): Mesal aspect.
e, Chalcis barbara (Cresson): Mesal aspect.
J, Chalcis canadensis (Cresson): Mesal aspect.
g, Chalcis microgaster Say: Mesal aspect.
h, Spilochalcis exornata (Cresson): Mesal aspect.
i, Spilochalcis eubule (Cresson): Mesal aspect.
j, Spilochalcis dorsata (Cresson): Mesal aspect.
k, Spilochalcis transitiva (Walker): Mesal aspect.
l, m, Spilochalcis phoenica, new species: 1, Mesal aspect; m, anterior aspect.
n, Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius): Mesal aspect.
o, Spilochaleis norioni (Cresson): Mesal aspect.
p, Spilochalcis delicata (Cresson): Mesal aspect.
q, Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead): Mesal aspect.
r, Spilochaleis femorata (Fabricius): Mesal aspect.
s, Spilochaleis igneoides (Kirby): Mesal aspect.
t, Spilochaleis mariae (Riley): Mesal aspect.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 2s
Ficure 8.—See opposite page for explanation.
188858—40——2
254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
Male: 6 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, ¢); compound eyes promi-
nent, projecting; malar space one-fourth height of compound eye;
diameter of posterior ocellus one-half width of interocellar space;
foretarsal claw (fig. 11, 6); metafemur with a sharp inner tooth;
petiole three times as long as wide; ninth sternite (fig. 14, ¢).
Type locality —Oregon.
Types—Holotype, female, Albert Lake, Oreg., July 2, 1935, J.
Schuh; allotype, male, Fish Trap Lake, Wash., July 8, J. M. Aldrich;
paratypes, Maxwell, N. Mex., 1916, G. W. Barber, 1 female; Albert
Lake, Oreg., July 2, 1935, J. Schuh, 1 female; Emery County,
Utah, September 12, 1921, Grace O. Wiley, 1 female; Colorado, 1
female. Holotype and allotype deposited in U. S. National Museum;
one paratype, Cornell University; one paratype, Illinois State Nat-
ural History Survey; one paratype, University of Minnesota; one
paratype, American Museum of Natural History.
Host—Unknown.
CHALCIS FLEBILIS (Cresson)
Ficures 8, d; 11, ec; 14, d
Smicra jiebilis CREsson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 35, 39, 1872.—Howakgp,
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the
families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p.
233, 1887.—Datia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 3877, 1898.—
ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.—CrEsson, The
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916.
Spilochalcis flebilis (Cresson) JoHNSON, Biological survey of the Mount Desert
region, vol. 1, p. 149, 1927.
The femaie of this typically northern species is most easily recog-
nized by the conspicuously exserted hypopygium, which is isolated
from the eighth tergite and by the metafemur lacking an inner tooth;
the male is recognized at once by the spatulate antennal scape.
Description—Black, the pronotum and mesoscutellum of female
occasionally with indistinct yellow spots, legs more or less red, outer
surface of metafemur with base and a ventral spot near apex white
or light yellow.
Female: 4.5-6 mm. Antennae inserted in center of frons, apex of
scape only slightly exceeding level of posterior ocelli, segment 4
one-third longer than 5; malar space slightly more than one-half
height of compound eye; frontogenal suture slightly curved,
almost straight; left mandible with one large dorsal and one very
small ventral tooth, right mandible with three teeth, two ventral
ones small, blunt and only indistinctly divided, dorsal tooth acute.
Prepectus narrow, apex not quite reaching tegula; mesotibial spur
minute; outer surface of metafemur densely covered with short, fine
pubescence, outer ventral margin with 12 to 16 minute teeth; basal
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINSI—BUBRKS 255
tooth only slightly larger than others; inner tooth absent: apex of
metatibia elongate, sharp; apex of posterior tarsus with five to seven
long setae; claws long, basal enlargement with one or two minute
teeth.
Propodeum thickly covered by small carinae, spiracular openings
vertical; petiole short, only slightly more than twice as long as wide,
surface usually roughly ridged at base, a pair of small lateral sub-
basal projections present; cerci round, located midway between ante-
rior and posterior margins of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheath
constricted and provided with several long, slightly curved ventral
setae; hypopygium strongly exserted, isolated from eighth tergite
(as in fig. #3, g).
Male: 45.5mm. Antennal scape spatulate (fig. 8, d) ; apical spur
of mesotibia well developed; foretarsal claw with a series of long
basal spines (fig. 11, c); metafemur without an imner tooth; ninth
sternite narrowly emarginate at apex (fig. 14, d).
Type locality Massachusetts.
Type.—Holotype, male, 1778, Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia.
Host—Unknown.
Distribution—Connecticut, Tllinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Min-
nesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ontario.
CHALCIS BARBARA (Cresson)
Ficures 8 e; 11, d: 13. g; ite
Smicra barbara Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol 4. pp. 37, 47, 192, 1872—
Howagp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull 5, p. 33, 1855.—Czzssos, Synopsis
of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mex-
ico, p. 233, 1887.—Datia Tozer, Catalogus hymenopterorum. vol. 5. p. 373.
1898.— ScHMIEDEKNEcHT, Genera insectorum. fase 97. p 34 1909—Czzsson,
The Cresson types of Hymenoptera. p. T4 1916.
Smicra rufofemorata Czessox. Trans. Amer. Ent Sec, vol 4 pp 3%, 39. 191,
1872—Howagp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull 5, p. 35, 1855 —Cezssos,
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north
of Mexico, p. 234, 1887—Datia Toeze Catalogus hymenopterorum. vol 5.
p. 381, 1898.—SchacepeKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase 97. pn 36. 198—
Cgesson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera. p 76 1916—Viresc=. Con-
necticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull 22 p. 326, 1916—Bezrros, ibid.
voL 31, p. 326, 1920.
The female of this species is most readily recognized by the usually
red dorsum of the thorax, the large acute inner tooth of the meta-
femur, and the conspicuously exserted hypopygium with the apex
isolated from the eighth tergite; the male is always black, with the
antennal scape uniformly expanded from base to apex, and the
metafemur has a distinct inner tooth.
Description—Dorsum of female more or less red. of male black:
legs uniformly brown; abdomen varying from brown to black.
256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
Female: 5-7.5 mm. Antennae inserted slightly ventrad of center
of frons, apex of scape slightly exceeding level of posterior ocelli ;
malar space one-half height of compound eye; frontogenal suture
extending ventrad from compound eye for one-half its length, then
deflected sharply toward mandible; left mandible with one large
blunt tooth and one minute acute ventral one, right mandible with
three blunt teeth, dorsal one largest.
Prepectus narrow, bladelike, extending to tegula; mesotibial spur
minute; outer surface of metafemur densely covered with long pubes-
cence on ventral side, femoral teeth partly concealed by pubescence,
outer ventral margin with 16 to 20 small teeth, basal one slightly
larger than others; inner tooth large; apex of metatibia elongate,
sharp; apex of posterior tarsus with three or four long spines; claw
short and with several minute teeth on basal enlargement.
Propodeum provided with coarse reticulations, two laterobasal
areas sometimes almost glabrous, spiracular openings vertical; pet-
lole twice as long as wide, surface faintly reticulated, dorsal surface
reticulated near base, distinct lateral carinae present; gaster usually
shorter than metafemur; cerci oval, located midway between pos-
terior and anterior margins of epipygium; ovipositor sheath flat-
tened, ventral margin acute, apex acute and provided with a dense
tuft of short setae; hypopygium strongly exserted, apex isolated
trom eighth tergite (fig. 13, 7).
Male: 5-7 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, e); foretarsal claw with
several long, comblike teeth on basal enlargement (fig. 11, d) ; meta-
femur with distinct inner tooth; ninth sternite broadly excavated
on meson (fig. 14, e).
Type locality.—Texas.
Lypes.—Holotype, female, 1790.1, Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia; paratypes, 1790.2, Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia, 1651, U. S. National Museum, 2 females. The male was
described as Smicra rufofemorata Cresson from Texas; types A.N.S.P.
No. 1779 and U.S.N.M. No. 1657.
The species Smicra barbara Cresson was originally stated to be
described from a male, but the types are females. As red female
specimens agreeing with these types are uniformly found associated
with black male specimens agreeing with the type of rufofemorata
Cresson, they are undoubtedly the sexes of the same species,
Host—Odontomyia sp. (Diptera, Stratiomyiidae).
Distribution —Colorado, Tlinois, Kansas, Minnesota, New Hamp-
shire, New Jersey, North Dakota, Texas, Wyoming.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 257
CHALCIS PHOENICAPODA, new name
Smicra rufipes Kirsy, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 70, 1883.—
Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenopiera of
America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.—DatLa Torrp, Catalogus hymenop-
terorum, vol. 5, p. 381, 1898—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase.
97, p. 36, 1909.
The placing of this species in the genus Chalcis makes it a sec-
ondary homonym of Chalcis rufipes Olivier *; a new name is therefore
necessary.
This species is closely related to Chalcis canadensis (Cresson) but
differs in that the left mandible has three, rather than two, teeth, and
the petiole is three times as long as wide, completely glabrous dorsad,
and lacks lateral carinae.
Description.—Black, with red-brown legs.
Female: 6.5 mm. Antennae inserted slightly ventrad of center of
frons, apex of scape slightly exceeding level of posterior ocelli, seg-
ment 4 of antenna one and one-half times length of 5, segments 5 to
8 equal in length, 9 and 10 slightly shorter, 11 to 13 combined equal
in length to 4; width of malar space one-half height of compound
eye; frontogenal suture slightly curved, almost straight; combined
widths of compound eyes three-fourths interocular space at level of
antennal bases; left mandible with three blunt teeth, dorsal one
largest.
Dorsum of thorax uniformly covered with deep pits; anterolateral
angles of pronotum acute, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; pre-
pectus bladelike, extending to tegula; apex of mesoscutellum pro-
vided with a minute, mesally depressed lamina; metacoxa glabrous,
provided with a few inconspicuous setae; outer surface of metafemur
minutely shagreened, ventral margin provided with 13 to 15 minute
teeth, the basal one not larger than following teeth; inner tooth large,
acute; claws of posterior tarsi elongate, slender, basal enlargement
with a few minute teeth.
Propodeum provided with three strong carinae radiating obliquely
laterad from meson, basolateral areas minutely reticulated, spaces be-
tween carinae glabrous, spiracular slits vertical; petiole three times
as long as wide, surface glabrous, lateral carinae lacking, a pair of
minute, lateral, subbasal projections present; gaster shorter than meta-
femur, third abdominal tergite asetose, following tergites provided
with long lateral setae; eighth tergite very lightly shagreened and
sparsely setose; cerci located near posterior margin of epipygium;
hypopygium with apex isolated from eighth tergite.
Male: Unknown.
Type locality—Georgia.
5 Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. 5, p. 440, 1790.
258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
Types.—Cotypes, 2 females, British Museum; one cotype kindly
lent for study by Dr. Ferriére of that institution.
Host.—Unknown.
Distribution —Grorcta: 1 female (cotype). Frorma: Jacksonville,
2 females.
CHALCIS CANADENSIS (Cresson)
Ficures 8, f; 11, e; 14, f
Smicra canadensis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 35, 39, 1872.—
Howarp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 33, 1885.—Provancourr, Ad-
ditions et corrections 4 la faune hyménopterologique. . . . Canada, p. 189,
1887.—CrEsson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of
America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887—Da tia Torre, Catalogus hymenoptero-
rum, vol. 5, p. 374, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34,
1909.—Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916.
Smicra microgaster Hart, Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bull. 4, p. 271, 1894
(misidentification).
This species is most readily recognized in the female by the minute
mesotibial spur, the short rugose petiole, and the exserted hypopygium
with the apex not isolated from the eighth tergite (as in fig. 13, f) ; the
male is recognized at once by the basally enlarged antennal scape
(fig. 8, 7).
Description—Entirely black, or occasionally dark rufous; base
of metafemora occasionally tinged with brown.
Female: 5-5.5 mm. Antennae inserted slightly ventrad of center
of frons, scape exceeding by one-fifth its length level of posterior
ocelli; width of malar space slightly more than one-half height of
compound eye; frontogenal suture almost obliterated, occasionally
traceable near ventral margin of compound eye, a secondary carina
usually extends from base of mandible to genal area posterior to
compound eye; left mandible with one large, acute dorsal tooth and
one small ventral tooth, right mandible with three equal, acute teeth.
Prepectus narrow, bladelike, slightly broader anteriorly, apex not
quite reaching tegula; mesotibial spur minute; outer surface of meta-
femur densely covered with short pubescence, outer ventral margin
with nine to twelve minute teeth, basal one slightly larger than fol-
lowing teeth; inner tooth wanting; apex of metatibia slender, acute;
apex of posterior tarsus provided with four to six long setae, claw
small, basal enlargement with three minute teeth.
Propodeum completely covered with small reticulations, these
rugosities slightly stronger near apex, spiracular openings vertical,
slightly constricted in middle; petiole short, less than twice as long
as wide, surface provided with coarse, confused carinae, distinct
lateral carinae present at base, but usually becoming obsolete before
reaching apex; gaster usually slightly longer than metafemur; cerci
oval, situated near posterior margin of epipygium; apex of ovipositor
sheath produced in a long, acute point, a sparse tuft of setae present ;
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 259
hypopygium exserted, apex not isolated from eighth tergite (as in
HOLS if
Male: 4.5-5 mm. Antennal scape expanded at base (fig. 8, /) ;
protarsal claw with a few teeth on basal enlargement (fig. 11...e)%
metafemur with pubescence on outer surface extremely short, inner
tooth lacking or obscurely indicated; ninth sternite broadly excavated
mesad (fig. 14, 7).
Type locality —Canada.
Type.—Holotype, female, 1783, Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia.
Hosts—Odontomyia vertebrata Say, Odontomyia sp. (Diptera,
Stratiomylidae).
Distribution —I11nots: 1 male; Algonquin, July 7-17, 1909, Nason,
1 female, 7 males; Havana, June 30, 1897, Hart and Bronson, 3
females, July 3, 1894; ex Odontomyia vertebrata, C. A. Hart, 1 male.
Micuican: Washtenaw County, June 13-19, 1931, ex Odontomyia sp.,
K. C. Kuster, 2 females, 1 male. New Yor: Penn Yan, July 19,
1925, Babiy, 1 male. Ontario: Ottawa, 1 female, 1 male.
CHALCIS MICROGASTER Say
Figures 8, g; 11, f, i; 18, f> 14, 9
Chalcis microgaster Say, Long’s second expedition .. ., vol. 2, p. 326, 1824.—
Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862.—Howakpp, U. S.
Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 86, 1885.
Smicra microgaster (Say) CRESSON, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 35, 38,
1872; Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America
north of Mexico, p. 233, 18387.—PROVANCHER, Additions et corrections
A la faune hyménopterologique ... Canada, p. 189, 1887.—SmiTH, Geol.
Surv. New Jersey, Catalogue of insects, p. 18, 1890.—Da La TorRE, Catalogus
hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 379, 1898.—SmirH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State
Board Agr., vol. 27, suppl., p. 554, 1900.—SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insec-
torum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.—ViEREcK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv.
Bull. 22, p. 526, 1916.
This species is most easily distinguished in the female by the large
mesotibial spur, the long, nearly glabrous petiole, and the exserted
hypopygium not isolated from the eighth tergite (fig. 13, 7) ; the male
is readily identified by its relatively slender antennal scape, and the
two acutely projecting points on the posterior margin of the ninth
sternite (fig. 14, 7).
Description —Black, the anterior and mesolegs variegated with
brown, base of metafemur red-brown.
Female: 4-5 mm. Antennae inserted in center of frons, scape
exceeding level of posterior ocelli by one-fourth its length; width of
malar space slightly less than one-half height of compound eye;
frontogenal suture straight, this suture often paralleled ventrally
by a rather vague carina; left mandible with two teeth of nearly
260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
equal size, right mandible with acute dorsal tooth and two rounded
ventral ones.
Prepectus narrow, bladelike, apex reaching tegula; mesotibial spur
large; ventral half of outer surface of metafemur provided with
dense, short pubescence, outer ventral margin with 18 to 16 teeth
(fig. 11, 7), basal one and usually fifth to tenth larger than others;
distinct inner tooth present; apex of metatibia narrow, acute; apex
of posterior tarsus with four long spines, claw small, basal enlarge-
ment without teeth, but with several long setae.
Propodeum with two parallel, longitudinal mesal carinae, baso-
lateral areas glabrous or almost so, spiracular openings vertical;
petiole three times as long as wide, two-thirds length of metacoxa,
surface almost glabrous, lateral carinae usually absent, occasionally
present near base, a sparse row of long setae present on either lateral
margin; gaster usually slightly longer than metafemur; cerci oval,
located near posterior margin of epipygium, a smooth area sur-
rounds each cercus; apex of ovipositor sheath bluntly pointed, pro-
vided with a tuft of short setae; hypopygium exserted, apex not
isolated from eighth tergite (fig. 18, /).
Male: 3.5-4.5 mm. Antennal scape relatively narrow (fig. 8, 7);
protarsal claw with many small basal teeth (fig. 11, 7); mesotibial
spur usually small; metafemur with a small inner tooth; ninth
sternite acutely bidentate at apex (fig. 14, g).
Type locality—Pennsylvania.
Types.—Cresson redescribed the male of this species in 1872, but
the specimens at present in the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia labeled “Smcra microgaster” are evidently not the
ones he had, as they do not agree with his description, and are fe-
males. Provancher described the female in 1887; I have not seen
his specimens.
Host—Unknown.
Distribution.—Illinois, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Ohio, Colne: Penn-
sylvania, Texas, Wisconsin.
Genus METADONTIA Ashmead
Metadontia ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 4, p. 87, 1888.—Datria Torre, Catalogus
hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 394, 1898—AsHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol.
1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 32, 1909.—
GAHAN and Faacan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 87, 1923. (Genotype,
Chalcis amoena Say [= Smicra montana Ashmead].)
Plagiosmicra CAMERON, Invert. Pacifica, vol. 1, p. 56, 1904.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT,
Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 31, 1909——GaHAN and Fagan, U. S. Nat.
Mus. Bull. 124, p. 115, 1923.
Description—Antennae inserted considerably ventrad of center of
frons but dorsad of ventral margins of compound eyes; segments of
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 261
flagellum stout, mostly as broad as long, segment 4 always longer than
5; malar space narrow, always only one-third or less height of com-
pound eye; left mandible with two teeth, right with three; pubescence
of body long, sparse; procoxae, from lateral aspect, longer than wide;
tarsal claws small, simple in both sexes; apical lamina of mesoscu-
tellum very narrow and emarginate on meson; metacoxae semiglobose,
outer dorsal surface glabrous; metafemora with several long, slender,
slightly curved teeth on outer ventral margin; propodeum, from
lateral aspect, strongly declivent, coarsely rugose, entirely without
lateral projections; gaster elongate, blunt at apex (fig. 13, 7); female
hypopygium exserted, partly isolated from eighth tergite; ninth
sternite of male obscurely emarginate at apex.
The single known species parasitizes pupae of Lycaenidae.
METADONTIA AMOENA (Say)
Fieures 11, k; 18, 7
Chalcis amoena Say, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p. 271, 1836.—CrEsson,
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862.
Smicra amoena (Say) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Crersson,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 58, 1872—Howarp, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Bur.
Ent. Bull. 5, p. 33, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of
the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 2383, 1887.—Datia Torre,
Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 373, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.
Metadontia amoena (Say) SAnverson, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 56, p.
42, 1906.
Smicra montana ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 14, p. 183, 1887.—DaLLa
TorRE, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 379, 1898.
Metadontia montana (Ashmead) ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252,
1904.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 46, 1909.—GAHAN
and Fagan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 87, 1923.
Plagiosmicra ashmeadi CAMERON, Invert. Pacifica, vol. 1, p. 56, 1904—
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 44, 1909—GaAaHAN and
Facan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 115, 1928.
Octosmicra sp. REINHARD, Texas Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 401, p. 33, 1929.
This species is most readily recognized by the broad compact
thorax, the completely carinate anterior dorsal margin of the pro-
notum, and the blunt apex of the abdomen.
Description.—Yellow with black markings; mesal stripe in scrobe
cavity, occipital area of head, mesopraescutum usually with two an-
terior stripes converging to form a single mesal stripe near posterior
margin, broad mesal areas of lobes of mesoscutum, anteromesal angles
and posterior margins of axillae, longitudinal mesal stripe of meso-
scutellum, variable areas of pleurae, ventral apices of metacoxae,
metatrochanters usually, dorsal, basoventral, and apical spots on outer
surface of metafemora, usually entire propodeum, petiole, and vari-
able transverse dorsal bands of gaster, black.
262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
Female: 6-7.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape just reaching level
of posterior ocelli, flagellar segments stout; scrobe cavity deep, mar-
gins carinate on ventral half; frons punctate laterally, glabrous or
very faintly shagreened mesally ventrad of antennal bases, lateral
carinae present parallel with anterior margins of compound eyes;
interantennal projection carinate; frontal tentorial pits located dorso-
laterad of antennal bases; width of malar space one-third height of
compound eye; frontogenal suture straight or very slightly curved;
left mandible with two acute teeth, right with three; combined widths
of compound eyes equal to interocular space at level of antennal
bases.
Dorsum of thorax thickly covered with large punctures, pubescence
short, white or yellow; entire anterior dorsal margin of pronotum
carinate; prepectus extending to tegula; apex of mesoscutellum with
a narrow, mesally depressed lamina; mesotibia with distinct apical
spur; metepisternum punctate anteriorly, glabrous near posterior
margin, outer dorsal surface of metacoxa slightly flattened, glabrous;
outer surface of metafemur glabrous, setae short, sparse, outer ventral
margin provided with seven to ten irregular teeth, four or five of
which are long, slender, and slightly curved (fig. 11, %) ; inner tooth
minute or lacking.
Propodeum covered with confused carinae, spaces between carinae
glabrous, spiracular openings vertical, much wider at top than at
bottom; petiole glabrous, twice as long as wide, basal flange wide on
dorsal and ventral sides and narrow laterad, lateral carinae usually
present; gaster slightly longer than metafemur; eighth abdominal
tergite minutely pitted, sparsely setose; cerci oval or almost round,
located near posterior margin of epipygium; hypopygium exserted,
apex not isolated from eighth tergite (fig. 13, 7).
Male: 4.5-6 mm. Width of malar space one-quarter height of
compound eye; combined widths of compound eyes slightly greater
than width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; inner tooth
of metafemur generally wanting, occasionally faintly indicated;
petiole two and one-half to three times as long as wide, lateral carinae
obscure or wanting.
Type locality—Indiana.
Types.—Neotype, female, Arlington, Tex., September 4, 1905, ex
Strymon cecrops, F. C. Bishopp, deposited in the U. S. National
Museum. Synonyms: montana Ashmead, U.S.N.M. No. 41397;
ashmeadi Cameron, British Museum.
The type of montana Ashmead differs from what I take for this
species only in lacking the anteromesal yellow spot on the meso-
praescutum, but such a character is never of specific worth in this
group; ashmeadi Cameron differs neither in color nor in structure
from this species.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 263
Hosts.—Strymon melinus (Hibner), Strymon cecrops (Fabricius),
Thecla sp. (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae).
Distribution —Arizona, Arkansas, California, District of Columbia,
Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Tennes-
see, Texas, Virginia.
Guatemala, Nicaragua, Trinidad, B. W. I.
Genus SPILOCHALCIS Thomson
Chalcis Fasricrus, Mantissa insectorum ..., vol. 1, p. 272, 1787 (in part).—
WEstTWoop, An introduction to the modern classification of insects, p. 65,
1840.—PackaArD, Guide to the study of insects . . ., p. 205, 1872.
Smiera Sprnota, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 17, p. 147, 1811 (in part).—WaALKER,
Ent. Mag., vol. 2, p. 20, 1835.
Smicra SPrnota, Mag. Zool., vol. 7, p. 180, 1887 (in part).—WaALKER, Notes on
Chalcidiae, p. 40, 1871.—CrrEsson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 35, 1872;
Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 78, 1883.
Conura, “Conurae smicriformes,” “Conurae chalcidiformes”*® S1cHEeL, Ann. Soc.
Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 5, p. 347, 1865.
Phasganophora “Phasganophorae smicriformes’’® SIcHEL, ibid. p. 348.
Spilochalcis THomMsoNn, Hymenoptera Scandinaviae, vol. 4, p. 15, 1875.—Kuirsy,
Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 55, 1888.—Howarp, U. 8. Dept.
Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 3, 1885; Ent. Amer., vol. 1, p. 215, 1886.—CREssoN,
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north
of Mexico, p. 67, 1887—ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 4, p. 87, 1888.—DaLLa
Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 384, 1898.—AsHMEAD, Mem.
Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 250, 1904—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum,
fase. 97, p. 30, 1909.—VirrEcK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull.
22, p. 527, 1916.—GaHAw and Faaan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 185, 1923.—
Mant, Ree. Indian Mus., vol. 37, p. 251, 19385. (Genotype, Chaicis rantho-
stigma Dalman.)
Spilosmicra CAMERON, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 35, p. 422, 1910.
Diplodontia ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 4, p. 87, 1888—DALLA Torre, Catalogus
hymenopterorum, vol 5, p. 394, 1898—AsHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol.
1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 32, 1909.—
GAHAN and Fagan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 47, 1923.
Eustypiura ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 251, 1904.—ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 30, 1909.—GaAHAN and Faa@an, U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 64, 1928.
Enneasmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 31, 1909.—GAHAN and Fagan, U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 51, 1923.
Octosmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 31, 1909.—GaAaHAN and Faaan, U. 8.
Nat Mus. Bull. 124, p. 98, 1928.
Heptasmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 31, 1909.—GaHaAN and Fagan, U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 70, 1928.
Hexasmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904——ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 32, 1909-—GaHaAN and Fagan, U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 71, 1923.
® These names have priority over Spilochalcis but are not binomial.
264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
Pentasmicra, ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904.—ScuMmiInpE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 32, 1909.—GAHAN and Fagan, U. 8.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 112, 1928.
Tetrasmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 382, 1809.—GAuHAN and Fagan, U. 8.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 148, 1923.
Trismicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 32, 1909 —GAHAN and Fagan, U. 8.
Nat. Mus. Bull 124, p. 149, 1923.
Description—Antennae inserted ventrad of center of frons;
antennal scape of male more or less broadened, scape of female slender ;
flagellar segments varying from stout to slender; left mandible
typically with two teeth, occasionally with three, right mandible
usually with three teeth, although division of two ventral ones may
be obscure; anterior dorsal margin of pronotum never completely
carinate; mesoscutellum provided with an apical lamina, this lamina,
in most species, emarginate on meson; protarsal claws never bifid at
apex, basal enlargement with or without small teeth; metatibia with
distinct apical spine; metacoxae slightly flattened and asetose on
outer dorsal surface; metafemur with 3 to 28 teeth on outer ventral
margin; petiole varying from shorter than wide to three and one-
half times as long as wide; ovipositor arising far forward, female
abdomen always more or less acuminate; ninth sternite of male never
emarginate at apex, occasionally slightly excavated on meson.
All the species of this genus that have been reared are parasites of
the pupae of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, or, rarely,
cyclorrhaphous Diptera. The genotype, the European species
Spilochalcis xanthostigma (Dalman), was stated by Walker* to
parasitize a sawfly of the genus Hylotoma [=Arge of present-day
usage |.
KEY TO GROUPS OF SPECIES OF SPILOCHALCIS
1. Apex of mesoscutellum bidentate (fig. 10, e); both mandibles
WithvonbyieyO ube timers eee es Oe ead transitiva group (p. 265)
Apex of mesoscutellum not bidentate (fig. 10, 0) ; right mandible
always: with three teethin 2. ae ad ee ee 2
2. Frontogenal suture wanting, clypeus only slightly wider than
long (fig. 7, e) ; antennal sockets often on a line with ventral
MALTS TOL g COMO OUT Chey CS eee side group (p. 326)
Frontogenal suture present, clypeus always at least twice as
wide as long (fig. 7, a, f) ; antennal sockets always dorsad of
yentral margins. of compound ieyess 222. is ee ee eee 3
3. Antennal scape short, apex never reaching level of ventral mar-
PIN OL ACEO“ OCC Se xanthostigma group (p. 307)
Antennal scape long, apex at least reaching level of vertex, usually
markedivyiexceeding leveliOt svett exe ee es Se ee 4
10 Wnt. Mag., vol. 3, p. 22, 1835.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 265
4, Metanotum and propodeum uniformly and densely covered with
long setae; abdomen strongly compressed__--~_ nigricornis group (p. 278)
Metanotum sparsely setoSe, propodeum usually with only a few
setae at lateral margins, disk of propodeum always entirely
without setae; abdomen not compressed__---_-~~_ femorata group (p. 291)
These groupings of species have been made solely for convenience
in their treatment. The groups are not sufficiently distinct to be
considered as separate genera, for when specimens from the Neo-
tropical area are studied intergrades are to be found between these
groups.
The transitiva Group
All the members of the ¢transitiva group have distinct lateral
carinae on the frons parallel to the anterior margins of the compound
eyes; the scrobe cavity is deep and the margins are distinctly cari-
nate; the malar space is quite narrow, one-third or less the height
of the compound eye; the metafemora have, with one exception, only
four teeth; one species has (see fig. 12, ¢) acquired one or two addi-
tional small teeth near the base, and the large apical tooth is rather
indistinctly subdivided.
The transitiva group includes those members of the genus that may
be considered the most primitive. The genus Splochalcis is un-
doubtedly derived from some ancestral form having slender meta-
femora. A few large teeth were probably developed first on the
ventral margin, and later these large teeth were replaced by a num-
ber of smaller ones; at the same time, the femora gradually became
much thickened. One species of this group, S. ewornata (Cresson),
has rather slender metafemora and four large teeth (fig. 12, a). In
other species the gradual increase in width of the metafemur can be
seen (fig. 12, b-d), and in S. phoenica described below and the extra-
limital species S. compactilis (Cresson), the transition to a form with
many small teeth can be seen. In these two species the addition of
small teeth at the base and the beginning of the subdividing of the
large apical tooth have occurred (fig. 12, e).
KEY TO SPECIES OF THE TRANSITIVA GROUP
1. Outer basal tooth of metafemur larger and longer than others
(CRE NDyy) sae A een sge aa Dae e eubule (p. 269)
Outer basal tooth of metafemur not larger than others________--____--____ 2
2. Metafemur elongate, narrow (fig. 12, @)-----------____ exornata (p. 266)
Metatemur semizlobose (fig. 2 G—e) a eae 3
3. Outer ventral margin of metafemur with only four teeth__________________ “
Outer ventral margin of metafemur with six or seven teeth, api-
calsonestobscure i(figh 1256) ee phoenica (p. 276)
4. Outer basal tooth of metafemur small (fig. 12, c) _________ dorsata (p. 272)
Outer basal tooth of metafemur large (fig. 12, d)___-____ transitiva (p. 274)
266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
SPILOCHALCIS EXORNATA (Cresson)
Figures 8, h; 12, a
Smicra exornata Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 50, 1872.—
CAMERON, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 81, 1884.—
Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Datia Torre, Cata-
logus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 376, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insec-
torum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.—CrEsson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p.
75, 1916.
This slender yellow-and-black species is most easily recognized by
its almost completely glabrous frons and its elongate, slender meta-
femora, with only four teeth on the outer ventral margin (fig. 12, a).
Description —Yellow or red with black markings; antennal flagel-
lum usually darker toward apex; mesopraescutum with a T-shaped
mark, mesal margins of lobes of mesoscutum, axillae on mesal half,
mesoscutellum usually with a longitudinal mesal line, and apex, apices
of metacoxae, and three spots on metafemur, black.
Female: 6-7 mm. Antennal scape strongly curved near base, apex
reaching level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel slightly
less than one-half length of segment 4, rmg segment one-sixth length
of 4, segment 4 one-eighth longer than 5, segments 5 to 10 equal, last
three segments indistinctly separated, penultimate segment shortest;
scrobe cavity with margin feebly carinate; interantennal projection
with a thin, anterior lamina; lateral carinae completely encircling
compound eyes; frons usually without punctures, sometimes with a
Ficure 9.—Male antennal structures of Chalcidini (all mesal aspect).
a, Spilochalcis clora, new species: Scape.
b, Spilochalcis phais, new species: Scape.
c, Spilochalcis tanais, new species: Scape.
d, Spilochalcis juxta (Cresson): Scape.
e, Spilochalcis arcana (Cresson): Scape.
f, Spilochalcis lecta (Cresson): Scape.
g, Spilochalcis melana, new species: Scape.
h, Spilochalcis odoniotae Howard: Scape.
i, Spilochalcis subobsoleta (Cresson): Scape.
j, Spilochalcis pallipes (Smith): Scape.
Spilochalcis dema, new species: Scape.
l, Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson): Seape and pedicel.
m, Spilochalcis side (Walker): Scape and pedicel.
n, Spilochalcis leptis, new species: Scape and pedicel.
0, Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson): Scape and pedicel.
p, Ceratosmicra delilis (Say): Scape.
q, Ceratosmicra meteori, new name: Scape.
r, Ceratosmicra paya, new species: Scape.
s, Ceratosmicra immaculata (Cresson): Scape.
t, Spilochalcis igneoides (Kirby): Pedicel, ring segment, and segment 4.
u, Spilochalcis mariae (Riley): Pedicel, ring segment, and segment 4.
~
~
oe
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 267
Aaah ss
ae Ses)
FiaurE 9.—See opposite page for explanation.
268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
few scattered ones and with a few indistinct oblique carinae ventrad
of antennal bases; frontal tentorial pits located at margins of com-
pound eyes, slightly dorsad of level of antennal bases; width of malar
space slightly less than one-third height of compound eye; fronto-
genal suture extending transversely from compound eye to dorsal
articulation of mandible; combined widths of compound eyes greater
by one-third than width of interocular space at level of antennal
bases; diameter of posterior ocellus one-half width of interocellar
space.
Dorsum of thorax coarsely pitted, uniformly covered by long
yellowish setae; anterolateral angles of pronotum strongly produced ;
anterior dorsal carina interrupted on mesal one-third; parapsidal
furrows partly obliterated; prepectus usually completely hidden by
anterior projection of lateral margin of mesoscutum; apex of
mesoscutellum strongly bidentate, the projections slightly upturned
and a small dorsal carina present on each; metepisternum covered
by large, shallow punctures, areas between punctures minutely
reticulated; metacoxae glabrous, covered, except on outer dorsal
side, by long, fine setae; metafemora (fig. 12, @) narrow, glabrous,
scatteringly covered by setae of various lengths, outer ventral basal
tooth nearly as long as following ones, a minute tooth often present
between basal and second tooth; second and third teeth long, narrow,
acute, apical tooth large, blunt; inner tooth wanting; metatibia with
apical spine long, acutely pointed.
Propodeum with only a few long, lateral setae, and a patch of
short setae on each side near base; carinae few, often partly or
completely obliterated near base and on disk; one strong roundly
blunted lateral tooth present on either side of point of insertion of
petiole, spiracular opening slanted obliquely laterad; petiole glab-
rous, basal lamina present only on ventral and lateral sides, lateral
carinae wanting, a few lateral setae present near apex; gaster usually
slightly shorter than metafemur; abdominal tergites 3 to 7 with a
few scattered lateral setae; eighth tergite faintly reticulated, sparsely
covered by long setae; spiracular openings round; cercus obovate,
located midway between anterior and posterior margins of epipy-
gium; apex of ovipositor sheath provided with long ventral setae.
Male: 6 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, 2) uniformly broad from
base to apex; combined widths of compound eyes equal to inter-
ocular space at level of antennal bases; inner tooth of metafemur
wanting; gaster usually slightly larger than metafemur.
Type locality —Mexico.
Types.—Holotype, male, 1817.1; allotype, female, 1817.2; para-
types, 1817.3, 1817.4, 2 males: Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 269
Host—(?) Mimorista flavidissimalis Grote (Lepidoptera,
Pyralidae).
Distribution—Terxas: Brownsville, November 21-December 17,
1910, 2 females, 3 males, November 19-25, 1911, 3 females, January
18, 1923, T. C. Barber, 1 female; Uvalde, June 1921, ex Mimorista
flavidissimalis (?), J. C. Hamlin, 1 female.
Mexico: Sumichrast, 1 female, 1 male (allotype and holotype), 2
males (paratypes).
Honpvuras: La Ceiba, April 14, 1917, F. J. Dyar, 1 female.
SPILOCHALCIS EUBULE (Cresson)
Ficures 8, i; 12, b
Smiera eubule Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 93, 1865; The
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916.—WotcorT, Journ. Dept. Agr.
Puerto Rico, vol. 7, p. 61, 1924; Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 20, p.
537, 1936.
Smicra eubule (Cresson) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Cresson,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 49, 1872.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr.
Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—DaAtita Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum,
vol. 5, p. 376, 1898——AsHMEaD, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 48, p. 336,
1900.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.
This large species is most readily distinguished by the very narrow
malar space, the antennae inserted low on the frons, but well above
the ventral margins of the compound eyes, and the metafemur having
only four teeth, the basal one of which is larger than the others.
Description.—Red, light brown, or yellow with dark brown mark-
ings; small dorsal spots near lateral margins of pronotum, center
of mesopraescutum and mesal margins of lobes of mesoscutum, axil-
lae, mesal stripe and apex of mesoscutellum, apices of metacoxae,
dorsal and variable ventral stripes on outer side of metafemora, and
most of abdomen, usually dark; apical half of wings slightly darker
than basal half.
Female: 8-10 mm. Antennal scape short, stout, markedly ex-
panded at apex, reaching to level of ventral margin of anterior ocel-
lus, pedicel slightly less than one-half length of segment 4, ring seg-
ment one-tenth or less length of fourth segment, segment 4 slightly
longer than 5, segments 5 to 10 nearly equal, tapering slightly, seg-
ment 11 slightly wider at base than 10, 12 and 13 shorter, narrow;
scrobe cavity deep, smooth, margin carinate, this margin enclosing
anterior ocellus; interantennal projection provided with a large, thin,
anterior lamina; frons scatteringly punctured laterad of scrobe
cavity, almost glabrous ventrad of antennal bases; anterior tentorial
pits located near margin of compound eyes, slightly dorsad of level
of antennal bases; lateral carinae present on frons laterad of scrobe
cavity; malar space one-eighth height of compound eye; combined
188858—40——3
270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
widths of compound eyes slightly greater than interocular width at
level of antennal bases; diameter of posterior ocellus two-thirds width
of interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax coarsely punctate, pubescence long, yellow or
white; anterior margins or pronotum strongly carinate laterad,
anterior dorsal carina narrowly interrupted on meson; prepectus
small, not reaching tegula; mesoscutellum with a small mesal notch
on anterior margin, apex conspicuously bidentate, these projections
sharp, slightly converging; metepisternum strongly punctured, pro-
vided with a few scattered setae; metacoxa glabrous, sparsely setose
on outer ventral side; metafemur (fig. 12,6) glabrous, sparsely setose,
outer basal ventral tooth large, second and third teeth long, slender,
apical tooth blunt; inner tooth wanting; metatibia with apical spine
sharp, narrow, slightly curved.
Propodeum setose, strongly carinate, prominent lateral teeth present
at posterolateral angle of propodeum, spiracular openings nearly
vertical; petiole short, stout, glabrous, lateral carinae wanting; basal
lamina wide on ventral side; gaster slightly longer than metacoxa,
abdominal segments 3 to 7 with lateral setae; spiracular openings on
eighth tergite large, anterior margins straight; eighth tergite glabrous,
without setae; cercus small, nearly round, located midway between
anterior and posterior margins of epipygium; ovipositor sheath setose
at apex.
Male: 8 mm. Antennal scape broad (fig. 8, 7), inner tooth of meta-
femur absent; metatibia with apex usually slightly blunted.
Type locality.—Cuba.
Figure 10.—Thoracic structures and wings of Chalcidini.
a
, Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius: Thorax, lateral aspect. (MEp, mesoepime-
ron; MEps, mesoepisternum; MPs, mesopraescutum; MS, mesoscutum;
MSc, mesoscutellum; MtEps, metepisternum; MW, forewing; Pn, pro-
notum; Pr, propodeum; Sp, spiracle; Tg, tegula.)
b, Spilochalcis tanais, new species: Thorax, dorsal aspect. (Az, axilla; Pa,
parapsidal furrow; Pn, pronotum; MPs, mesopraescutum; Ms, meso-
scutum; Msc, mesoscutellum; SSC, scutoscutellar suture; 7, transscutal
suture.)
c, Spilochalcis apaiis, new species: Thorax, dorsal aspect.
Ceratosmicra paya, new species: Thorax, dorsal aspect.
e, Spilochalcis dorsata (Cresson): Mesoscutellum, dorsal aspect.
f, Ceratosmicra meteori, new name: Thorax, dorsal aspect.
Leucospis affinis Say: Forewing. (C, costal vein; Cu, cubital vein; M,
medial vein; Mv, marginal vein; R, radial vein; Rs, radial sector; Rs,
anterior branch of radial sector; Sc, subcostal vein; St, stigmal vein.)
h, Spilochalcis delicata (Cresson): Stigmal vein.
i, Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius): Hamuli.
j, Spilochalcis nortoni (Cresson): Hamuli.
k, Spilochalcis mariae (Riley): Stigmal vein.
&
=
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS a7)
2 j k
FIguRE 10.—See opposite page for explanation.
272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
Types.—Holotype, female, 1814.1; allotype, male, 1814.2; paratype,
1814.3, 1 female: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Host—Catopsilia eubule (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae).
Distribution —Gerorata: Bainbridge, July 15, 1919, J. C. Bradley,
1 female; DeWitt, July 22, 1912, M. D. Leonard, 1 female.
Cupa: 134, ex Catopsilia eubule, 2 females, 1 male (types) ; Guan-
tanamo, 1 male.
Hartt: July 5, 19381, M. Kislink, 1 female.
Puerto Rico: Aibonito, July 14, 1914; 1 female; Arecibo, March 13,
1934, Anderson and Mills, 1 male; Ponce, August 19, 1932, Bofill and
Oakley, 1 male; Santa Rita, 1915, 2 females.
SPILOCHALCIS DORSATA (Cresson)
Ficures 8, j; 10, e; 12, ¢
Smicra dorsata Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 49, 192, 1872.—
Howaprp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of
the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico,
p. 233, 1887.—Datita Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 376,
1898.—ScCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.—CrEsSoN,
The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916.
Spilochalcis missouriensis Howarb, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, pp. 6, 35,
1885.—DaLLa Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 385, 1898.—
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 40, 1909.
Smicra missouriensis (Howard) Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera
of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.
This yellow, or red, and black species is most easily recognized by
its large compound eyes, the widely spaced apical projections of
the mesoscutellum, and the semiglobose metafemora with only four
outer ventral teeth, the basal one minute.
Description —yY ellow or red with black markings; mesopraescutum
except lateral and posterior margins, mesal margins of lobes of
mesoscutum, mesal halves of axillae, anterior margin of mesoscu-
tellum, apices of metacoxae, three small marks on outer side of meta-
femora, most or all of propodeum, and usually petiole, black;
markings of mesopraescutum vary considerably.
Female: 5-6 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching
level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus; pedicel two-fifths and
ring segment one-fifth length of segment 4, 5 slightly shorter than 4;
segments 5 to 10 equal, 11 slightly shorter, 12 shorter than 11, 13
equal to 11; scrobe cavity deep, marginal carina vague except ven-
trally; interantennal projection provided with a thin anterior
lamina; lateral carinae usually completely encircling compound eyes,
sometimes interrupted on vertex; frons scatteringly punctured ex-
cept dorsad of clypeus; frontal tentorial pits located at margins of
compound eyes at level of antennal bases; width of malar space
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 2%
one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal suture extending
transversely from compound eye to dorsal articulation of mandible;
combined widths of compound eyes one-half greater than width of
interocular space at level of antennal bases; diameter of posterior
ocellus one-half interocellar width.
Dorsum of thorax coarsely punctured, anterolateral angles of pro-
notum strongly carinate, almost laminate, anterior dorsal margin
with carina interrupted on mesal one-quarter; parapsidal furrows
partly obliterated; prepectus entirely concealed by a hooklike projec-
tion of anterodorsal angle of mesoscutum; mesoscutellum bidentate
at apex, these projections small, upturned, usually acutely pointed;
metepisternum conspicuously pitted, densely covered by long setae;
metacoxae glabrous, setose except on outer dorsal side; metafemora
(fig. 12, c) glabrous, rather sparsely covered by short pubescence,
semiglobose, outer ventral basal tooth one-fourth to one-third size
of following teeth, second and third teeth long, slender, slightly
curved, apical tooth large, blunt; inner tooth wanting; metatibia
with apex long, sharp, slightly curved.
Propodeum sparsely covered by long pubescence, conspicuously
carinate; two lateral teeth present on either side, one rather blunt,
upturned, located at each posterolateral angle, others on either side
of insertion of petiole, spiracular openings nearly vertical; petiole
glabrous, slightly less than three times as long as wide at widest
point, several long setae present on each lateral margin near base,
lateral carinae lacking, basal lamina broad on ventral side, indis-
tinct or wanting on dorsal side; gaster shorter than metafemur;
abdominal tergites 3 to 7 with sparse lateral setae; eighth tergite very
faintly reticulated, sparsely covered by short setae; spiracular open-
ings with anterior margins straight; cerci oval, located near anterior
margin of epipygium; apices of ovipositor sheaths provided with long
setae on ventral side.
Male: 4.5-5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, 7) slightly broader at
apex than base; combined widths of compound eyes one-third greater
than interocular space at level of antennal bases; inner tooth of
metafemur wanting; petiole three times as long as wide.
Type locality.—Texas.
Types.—Holotype, female, 1791, Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia. Synonym: méssouriensis Howard, U.S.N.M. No. 2622.
The type of S. missouriensis Howard differs from the type of 8.
dorsata (Cresson) only in being red instead of yellow.
Host—Unknown.
Distribution —F lorida, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina,
Texas.
274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
SPILOCHALCIS TRANSITIVA (Walker)
Figures 8, k; 12, d
Smiera transitiva WALKER, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 20, pp. 845, 371, 1862.
Smicra transitiva (Walker) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Crxs-
son, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 57, 1872.—Kirsy, Journ. Linn. Soc.
London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 66, 1883.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull.
5, p. 386, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hy-
menoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.
Spilochalcis transitiva (Walker) Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol.
26, p. 180, 1896—DatLta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 385,
1898.—ASHMEAD, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 48, p. 336, 1900.—ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 41, 1909.
Smiera pulchra Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 94, 1865; The
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 76, 1916.
Smicra pulchra (Cresson) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Cresson,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 50, 1872.—CamgEron, Biologia Centrali-
Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 79, 1888.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur.
Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 18, p. 125,
1886.—CrESSON, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera
of America north of Mexico, p. 284, 1887.
This yellow, or red, and black species is very close to S. dorsata
(Cresson) but differs most obviously in having the basal outer ventral
tooth of the metafemur large rather than minute.
Description—Yellow or red with black markings; scrobe cavity
usually, occipital area of head, most of mesopraescutum, mesal
angles of axillae, anterior margin of mesoscutellum, apices of meta-
coxae, three spots on outer surface of metafemora, entire propodeum,
and sometimes part of gaster, black; darkened area of mesopraescu-
tum usually interrupted so as to produce two anterior squares and a
posterior rectangular yellow area.
Female: 5-6.5 mm. Antennal scape short and stout, apex not
quite reaching level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel
one-half, and ring segment one-sixth length of segment 4, segment 5
shghtly shorter than 4, segments 5 to 11 equal, 12 and 18 narrower
and shorter; scrobe cavity deep, marginal carina vague ventrad;
interantennal projection provided with a conspicuous anterior lamina;
lateral carinae of frons extending from near frontogenal suture to
level of anterior ocellus; frons scatteringly punctured except on mesal
area ventrad of antennal bases; frontal tentorial pits located near
anterior margins of compound eyes and slightly ventrad of level
of antennal bases; malar space one-fourth height of compound eye;
frontogenal suture slightly curved, extending transversely from com-
pound eye to dorsal articulation of mandible; combined widths of
compound eyes slightly greater than width of interocular space at
level of antennal bases; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly less than
one-half width of interocellar space.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 275
Dorsum of thorax coarsely punctured; anterolateral angles of pro-
notum strongly carinate, carina of anterior dorsal margin interrupted
on meson; parapsidal furrows partly obliterated; prepectus entirely
concealed by a hooklike projection of anterolateral angle of the meso-
scutum; mesoscutellum bidentate, these projections blunt, slightly
converging, and upturned; metepisternum conspicuously punctured,
densely setose; metacoxae entirely glabrous, covered by long, fine
setae except on outer dorsal side; metafemora (fig. 12, d) glabrous,
basal outer ventral tooth nearly as long as following teeth, second and
third tooth long, narrow, acute, apical tooth blunt; inner tooth want-
ing; metatibia with apex long, lanceolate, slightly curved.
Propodeum sparsely setose, conspicuously carinate, two prominent
lateral projections present on each side, one, long and slender and
directed slightly dorsally, located at each posterolateral angle of
propodeum, the other smaller, located near point of insertion of
petiole, spiracular openings nearly vertical; petiole glabrous, slender,
nearly three times as long as wide at widest point, basal lamina wide
on ventral side, lacking on dorsal side, a few long, scattered setae
present on each lateral margin; gaster usually seven-eighths length
of metafemur; abdominal tergites 3 to 7 with long, sparse lateral setae ;
eighth tergite but sparsely covered with long setae, spiracular open-
ings with anterior margin straight ; cerci oval, located near anterior
margin of epipygium; apices of ovipositor sheaths provided with
long setae.
Male: 4.6.5 mm. Antennal scape broader at apex than base (fig.
8, &); malar space one-fourth height of compound eye; combined
widths of compound eyes one-fifth greater than interocular space at
level of antennal bases; metafemur without an inner tooth; petiole
three times as long as wide.
Type locality —Florida.
Types.—Holotype, female, British Museum. The male was de-
scribed as Smicra pulchra Cresson, from Cuba; types, 1815.1-1815.4,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Kirby 1 synonymized Smicra pulchra (Cresson) with S. transztiva
(Walker), and notes and sketches from Walker’s type, kindly fur-
nished by Dr. Ch. Ferriére, leave no doubt that the synonymy is
correct.
Host.—Catopsilia eubule (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae).
Distribution.—Fiorwa: Belleair, Mrs. A. T. Slosson, 1 female;
Dade City, November 21, 1907, Russell, 1 male; De Funiak Springs,
October 17, 1914, 1 male; Gainesville, September 26, 1914, 1 male, 1
female; December 10, 1917, H. L. Dozier, 1 female; Jacksonville,
Ashmead, 4 females. Grorera: 1 female.
1 Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 66, 1883.
276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Cupa: 2 males, 2 females (types of pulchra Cresson), ex Catopsilia
eubule; north of Vinales, September 16, 1913, 1 female.
SPILOCHALCIS PHOENICA, new species
Ficures 8, 1, m; 12, e
This species is intermediate in some respects between S. exornata
(Cresson) and S. nigricornis (Fabricius) but differs from the former
in having more than four teeth on the outer ventral margin of the
metafemur and from the latter in having two long, slender teeth on
the metafemur (fig. 12, e) while S. nigricornis has all the teeth blunt
(fig. 12, f). The male of this species differs from all other species
in the genus occurring in this area in that the mesal flange of the
antennal scape is produced ventrad of the antennal base (fig. 8, m)
and the frons is excavated to receive this projection.
Description.—Red or yellow with black markings; mesopraescutum
with narrow T-shaped mark, mesal margins of lobes of mesoscutum,
mesal angles of axillae, mesoscutellum with narrow, longitudinal
mark, apices of metacoxae, variable markings at outer ventral mar-
gins of metafemora, and apices of ovipositor sheaths, black.
Female: 6.5-7 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching
level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus; pedicel slightly less than
one-half length of segment 4; ring segment one-half length of pedicel,
flagellum slightly tapering, segments 4 to 10 equal in length, 11 to 13
slightly shorter, sutures rather indistinct; scrobe cavity moderately
deep, marginal carina vague except ventrad; interantennal projection
provided with a wide, thin apical lamina; lateral carinae almost
completely encircling compound eyes, somewhat indistinct on ventral
half; frons scatteringly punctured on area surrounding scrobe cavity,
lightly shagreened ventrad of level of antennal bases; frontal ten-
torial pits at anterior margins of compound eyes and slightly ventrad
of level of antennal bases; width of malar space one-quarter height
of compound eye; frontogenal suture extending transversely from
compound eye to dorsal articulation of mandible; combined widths
of compound eyes slightly greater than width of frons at level of
antennal bases; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly greater than
one-half interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax densely and deeply pitted, areas between pits
minutely reticulated; anterolateral angles of pronotum strongly
carinate, anterior dorsal carina interrupted on mesal one-fifth;
parapsidal sutures partly obscured; prepectus usually entirely con-
cealed by an anterolateral angle of mesoscutum, occasionally partly
exposed, never reaching tegula; mesopleuron with two strongly
punctured areas, one dorsad of mesocoxa, other anterior and ventrad
of base of posterior wing; apex of mesoscutellum bidentate, these
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS Qa
ill
a
FiGcuRE 11.—Protarsal claws and metafemora, lateral aspect, of Chalcidini
a,
C,
Chalcis lasia, new species: Protarsal claw.
Chalcis neptis, new species: Protarsal claw.
Chalcis flebilis (Cresson): Protarsal claw.
Chalcis barbara (Cresson): Protarsal claw.
Chalcis canadensis (Cresson): Protarsal claw.
Chalcis microgaster Say: f, Protarsal claw; 7, metafemur and tibia.
Haltichella sp.: Metafemur and tibia.
Spilochalcis xanthostigma (Dalman): Metafemur and tibia.
Chalcis megalomis, new species: Metafemur.
Metadontia amoena (Say): Metafemur.
278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
projections slightly upturned and transparent, a small carina usually
present on dorsal side of each; metepisternum coarsely reticulated,
provided with a few very long setae on ventral half; metacoxae
semiglobose, glabrous, provided with scattered long setae except
on outer dorsal side; metafemora (fig. 12, e) glabrous, sparsely
covered by short pubescence, outer basal ventral tooth small, second
tooth smaller than basal one, two following teeth long, narrow, acute,
apical tooth subdivided to form two or three small indistinct ones;
inner tooth wanting; dorsal margin of metatibia sinuate where it
closes against two long femoral teeth; apex of metatibia long, sharp,
slightly curved dorsad.
Propodeum with numerous distinct carinae, those near base and on
disk arranged so as to form a double row of rectangles across disk, a
pair of conspicuous lateral projections present at posterolateral an-
gles of propodeum, spiracular openings almost vertical; petiole short,
glabrous, basal lamina wide on ventral side, slightly narrower on
dorsal side, lateral carinae lacking; a few long lateral setae present
near apex of petiole; gaster slightly longer than metafemur; lateral
setae present on abdominal tergites 3 to 7; eighth tergite glabrous,
sparsely provided with short black or yellow setae, spiracular open-
ings round; cercus small, round, located slightly nearer anterior than
posterior margin of epipygium, a small tuft of long setae ventrad of
each cercus; apex of ovipositor sheaths with long ventral and
lateral setae.
Male: 5-5.5 mm. Antennal scape with mesal lamina produced
ventrad of antennal base (fig. 8, 2, m); width of malar space slightly
less than one-third height of compound eye; combined widths of
compound eyes greater by one-third than width of interocular space
at level of antennal bases; metafemur without an inner tooth.
Type locality —Texas.
Types.—Holotype, female, Victoria, Tex., July 15, 1918, ex Chlosyne
lacinia crocale, J. D. Mitchell; allotype, male, Devils River, Tex.,
May 2, 1907, F. C. Pratt; paratypes, E. H. Gibson, 1 female, Port
Lavaca, Tex., July 15, 1925, 1 female, Brownsville, Tex., Esprza
Ranch, August 18,2 males. Holotype, allotype, and one female and
two male paratypes deposited in the U. S. National Museum; one
female paratype in Kansas Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kans.
Host.—Chlosyne lacinia crocale Edwards (Lepidoptera, Nym-
phalidae).
The nigricornis Group
The nigricornis group is clearly related to the transitiva group
through the species S. nigricornis (see fig. 12, 7, for the metafemur
of this species). This predominantly tropical group is related to the
femorata group through the species S. cowalis (Cresson). The pos-
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 279
session of numerous small metafemoral teeth, the long antennal scape,
and the wide and deep scrobe cavity in S. cowxalis suggest a close
relationship with such species as S. femorata (Fabricius) and 8.
mariae (Riley). The members of the nigricornis group also show
some slight relationship with the species of Chalcis. The some-
what transverse head of the species of this group and the rather
slender metacoxae suggest an affinity with species such as Chalcis
barbara (Cresson) or C. microgaster Say.
The species of the nigricornis group are invariably large, deeply
and coarsely punctured, and covered with conspicuous long hair over
most of the body. The lateral carinae of the frons are lacking; the
scrobe cavity is only moderately deep, and the lateral margins are
only partly carinate; the abdomen is strongly compressed laterally.
The species of this group are all rare, and those that have been reared
have come from the pupae of moths of the family Limacodidae.
KEY TO SPECIES OF THE NIGRICORNIS GROUP
1. Hindwings with five or six hamuli (fig. 10, 7) ; inner tooth of
MELALEMIUT | OLESEN Gos eee er ree ee Eee tee Sn Se ean RINE ARAL eo oer Ree 2
Hindwings with three hamuli (fig. 10, 7); inner tooth of meta-
STUN UA 1 A CUTTS en eo oa Se See Ne es SR AE eee ne a 8 RL eau e ES PREIS ED 3
2. Anterior tentorial pits not connected on meson by a groove;
metafemur yellow with black markings (fig. 12, f)---_ nigricornis (p. 279)
Anterior tentorial pits connected on meson by a deep groove;
metaremimr entirely Dla Clin. sae = een een: UCR oe el lanieri (p. 283)
3. Left mandible with three teeth; outer surface of metafemur with
AnvoObliquerbasalestripes a. eae oe eee ae ee eee ee coxalis (p. 284)
Left mandible with two teeth; outer surface of metafemur not
withtanyobliquerbasall stripeL site) esas ee ee Ee i 4
4. Outer basal tooth of metafemur long, slender, acute, much longer
than any following teeth (as in fig. 12, 7), metafemur yellow
SUCRE SC ers a eae ee a ee ee ee ne Oe flammeola (p. 286)
Outer basal tooth of metafemur no larger than following teeth,
metatemur black ati DASG== sess = et tae en ee eee nortoni (p. 287)
SPILOCHALCIS NIGRICORNIS (Fabricius)
Ficures 8, 7; 10, i; 12, f; 13, @
Chalcis nigricornis Fasricius, Hntomologiae systematicae, suppl., p. 243, 1798;
Systema piezatorum, p. 163, 1804.—JuRINnE, Nouvelle méthode de classer les
hyménoptéres et les diptéres, p. 316, 1807.—CrEsson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila-
delphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862.
Smicra nigricornis (Fabricius) Watker, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—
Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 57, 1872——Howakgp, U. S. Dept.
Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and
genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.—
DALLA Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 380, 1898.
Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius) ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p.
419, 1904.
280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
Metadontia nigricornis (Fabricius) ASHMNAD, ibid. p. 453.
Chalcis bracata SANBORN, Rept. Secy. Massachusetts Board Agr. for 1862, p.
172, 1863.—PacKkarD, Guide to the study of insects .. . , p. 203, 1889.
Smicra bracata (Sanborn) Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 46,
1872.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 33, 1885.—CRESSON,
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north
of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—SmiTH, Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Catalogue of insects,
p. 37, 1890.—Datia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 374, 1898.—
ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.
Spilochalcis bracata (Sanborn) ViEeREcK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv.
Bull. 22, p. 527, 1916.
Spilochalcis braccata SmirH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Board Agr., vol. 27,
suppl., p. 553, 1900; Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus. for 1909, p. 649, 1910.
Smicra bracata coaequalis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 46,
1872; Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America
north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887—Da tia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum,
vol. 5, p. 374, 1898.—Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74,
1916.
Smicra carolina ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 14, p. 183, 1887.—DALLA
Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 374, 1898.
Diplodontia carolina (Ashmead) ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1 eDaecoe;
1904.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 46, 1909.—GAHAN
and Facan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 47, 1923.
Diplodontia secunda Giravtt, Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum
variorum cum observationibus, No. 5, p. 10, 1917—Lronarp, Cornell Univ.
Agr. Exp. Stat. Mem. 101, p. 976, 1928.
Smiera maculata WALKER (not Fabricius), Entomologist, vol. 1, p. 217, 1841.
Chalcis maculata (Walker) Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 228,
1862.
Smicra maculata (Walker) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—CrkEsson,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 57, 1872—Howarp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur.
Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of
the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 223, 1887.—SmirH, Geol.
Surv. New Jersey, Catalogue of insects, p. 38, 1890.—DaL1La Torre, Catalogus
hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 378, 1898—SmirnH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State
Board Agr., vol. 27, suppl., p. 554, 1900; Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus.
for 1909, p. 649, 1910.
This large yellow and black species is most easily recognized by its
densely pubescent propodeum with a pair of conspicuous lateral
projections, the acute anterodorsal angles of the pronotum, and the
metafemur having a few blunt, widely spaced teeth.
Description—Yellow with black marks; vertex, all of mesoprae-
scutum except lateral margins, mesal half or two-thirds of lobes of
mesoscutum, mesal angles of axillae, mesal longitudinal mark on
mesoscutellum, usually ventral half of metepisternum, all but outer
basal part of metacoxae, central and ventral spots on metafemur,
most or all of propodeum, petiole usually, and most of abdomen,
black.
Female: 6-9 mm. Antennal scape stout, curved mesad near base,
slightly constricted near apex, apex reaching to level of dorsal margin
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 281
of anterior ocellus, pedicel one-half and ring segment one-sixth
length of segment 4, segments 4 to 8 equal in length, 9 and 10 slightly
shorter, 11, 12, and 13 much shorter than 8; scrobe cavity deep, inner
surface minutely shagreened, margins acarinate laterad; interanten-
nal projection with small apical lamina; frons densely punctured
on area laterad of scrobe cavity, scatteringly punctured and with
short transverse carinae ventrad of antennal bases; frontal tentorial
pits not visible; frons without lateral carinae; width of malar space
slightly more than one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal
suture extending in a low are from compound eye to mandible, a
secondary carina often present dorsad of suture near mandible; com-
bined widths of compound eyes one-tenth less than interocular width
at level of antennal bases; left mandible with two indistinct teeth,
rarely with three, the ventral one slightly smaller and more acute,
right mandible usually with three teeth, occasionally with only two;
diameter of posterior ocellus slightly more than one-half interocellar
width.
Dorsum of thorax covered by large deep punctures, spaces between
pits minutely reticulated, pubescence fine and long; anterior margins
of pronotum strongly carinate laterad, anterolateral angles produced,
toothlike, mesal one-third of anterior dorsal margin without a cari-
na; mesoscutum slightly produced laterad over tegulae; prepectus
visible as a narrow tonguelike projection, not quite reaching tegula;
mesoscutellum with a slight mesal depression near base and with a
narrow, indistinct, apical lamina; metanotum with an irregular row
of long, slender setae; dorsal and anterior areas of metepisternum
deeply pitted, areas between pits and unpunctured areas glabrous;
metacoxa glabrous, setose except on outer dorsal side; metafemur
(fig. 12, f) glabrous, densely covered with short setae on outer sur-
face, outer basal tooth small, followed by one, two, or three smaller
teeth, then two or three large blunt teeth, apical tooth slightly smaller
and more blunt, indistinctly subdivided to form three or four teeth;
sharp inner tooth present; dorsal margin of metatibia sinuate where
it fits against larger teeth.
Propodeum completely covered by long setae, one large lateral
tooth present on each side (fig. 18, a), carinae of propodeum strong,
irregular, spiracular openings vertical or slanting slightly laterad;
petiole short, stout, less than twice as long as wide, surface glabrous,
basal lamina wide on ventral side, narrow on dorsum, interrupted at
laterodorsal angles, indistinct lateral carinae usually present near
base; gaster slightly shorter than metafemur, strongly flattened,
abdominal segments 3 to 7 with a few dorsal and lateral setae, eighth
tergite glabrous or minutely pitted, sparsely setose, spiracular open-
ings with anterior margins straight; cerci round or nearly so, located
282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
slightly nearer anterior than posterior margin of epipygium, placed
in an indistinct setose area, which is bounded mesad and cephalad by
a vague carina; apex of ovipositor sheath provided with moderately
long ventral setae.
Male: 5.5-8.5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, ) expanded near base;
combined widths of compound eyes equal to interocular width at level
of antennal bases; metafemur with a blunt inner tooth; petiole twice
as long as wide.
Type locality— ‘North America.”
Type—Chalcis No. 18, Fabricius collection, University of Kiel,
Kiel, Germany. Type much broken, moldy; sex not discernible.
Specimens compared with this type by Dr. Olaw Schroeder. Syno-
nyms: bracata Sanborn, Boston Society of Natural History (com-
parisons made by Dr. Richard Dow); bracata coaequalis Cresson,
1788, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; carolina Ash-
mead, 41181, U. S. National Museum; secwnda Girault, 20750, U. S.
National Museum.
This large, conspicuous species is so variable that it is not sur-
prising that it has been described several times. The type of S. caro-
lina Ashmead is somewhat broken but shows no differences in either
color or structure from specimens compared with the type of @.
nigricornis. Dr. Richard Dow, of the Boston Society of Natural
History, informs me that the type of (. bracata Sanborn lacks the
abdomen but is identical with the specimens of nigricornis sent.
The type of D. secwnda Girault is considerably broken, but the re-
mains show no valid departure from the typical nigricornis. All
the references to maculata enumerated above were derived from
Walker’s record of what he supposed to be maculata Fabricius from
New York. Dr. Ch. Ferriére, of the British Museum, has kindly
located Walker’s specimen for me, and he states that this specimen,
although somewhat broken, can be identified as nigricornis. Chalcis
maculata Fabricius was described from South America, and Ash-
mead ?? placed it in his genus J'etrasmicra; it is possible that he had
seen the type.
Hosts.—Parasa indetermina Boisduval, Adoneta spinuloides Her-
rich-Schaeffer, Limacodes sp. (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae).
Distribution—Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
North Dakota, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas,
Virginia.
12 Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 456, 1904.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 283
SPILOCHALCIS LANIERI (Guérin)
Figure 12, g
Chalcis lasnierii GUERIN, Iconographie du Régne animal de G. Cuvier .. ., vol.
1, p. 412, 1845.—CreEsson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862.
Chalcis lanieri GuERIN, in de la Sagra’s Historia fisica, politica y natural de
la isla de Cuba, vol. 7, p. 785, 1857—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent.
Bull. 5, p. 36, 1885.
Smicra lanieri (Guérin) Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 91,
1865.—WaALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Cresson, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 48, 1878—Daxtia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum,
vol. 5, p. 378, 1898.—AsHMEAD, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 48, p. 337, 1900.—
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.
Spilochalcis lanieri (Guérin) GAHAN, Mem. Soc. Poey, Univ. Habana, vol. 8, p.
131, 1934.
This species may be recognized at once by its dark brown wings,
which retain a quite complete representation of the venation, and the
entirely black metafemora. Structurally this species is almost inden-
tical with Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius).
Description.—Black, with bright scarlet markings; forelegs and
mesolegs, mandibles, narrow stripe surrounding compound eyes, meso-
dorsal area and anterolateral margins of pronotum, lateral margins
of mesopraescutum, entire mesoscutellum, metatibia, and basal seg-
ments of gaster, scarlet.
Female: 8 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching level
of dorsal margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel one-fourth and ring seg-
ment one-sixth length of segment 4, segments 4 to 8 equal in length,
9 to 10 slightly shorter, last three combined slightly longer than seg-
ment 4; width of malar space one-third height of compound eye;
frontogenal suture slightly curved; left mandible with two teeth, right
with three; combined widths of compound eyes slightly less than
width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; diameter of
posterior ocellus five-ninths interocellar space; a carina extending
completely around posterior margin of head.
Dorsum of thorax deeply punctured, narrow area at anterior margin
of metepisternum not punctured, but minutely reticulated; setae
long, coarse; anterolateral angles of pronotum acutely produced,
toothlike, carina of anterior dorsal margin interrupted on mesal one-
half; prepectus not quite reaching tegula; hind wings with five
hamuli; mesoscutellum with a slight longitudinal mesal depression
near base, apex with a minute lamina; metepisternum not punctured
at posterior margin, ventral margin provided with a row of large,
contiguous punctures, rest. of area covered with smaller punctures,
spaces between them glabrous; metacoxae glabrous; metafemora
glabrous, outer surface sparsely covered by long setae, teeth of ventral
margin quite variable: one to four minute basal teeth, followed by
284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
three larger ones (fig. 12, g), apical one vaguely divided; inner tooth
large, acute.
Propodeum with a pair of large lateral teeth (as in fig. 18, a), spi-
racular openings vertical; petiole glabrous, two and one-quarter
times as long as wide, lateral carinae wanting; gaster strongly flat-
tened, all segments of gaster with sparse lateral setae; spiracular
opening of eighth tergite rounded, but anterior margin straight;
cerci oval, located near anterior margin of epipygium; ovipositor
sheaths densely covered with short, stiff setae.
Male.—Unknown.
Type locality.—Cuba.
Type.—t\ have not located the type of this species, and it may be
lost. As this type may, however, yet be found, it seems best not to
designate a neotype. I have followed Cresson’s determination ** for
the species.
Host—Unknown.
Distribution —F orwa : Palm Beach, C. F. Baker, 1 female.
Cusa: 2 females,
SPILOCHALCIS COXALIS (Cresson)
Smicra cozralis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 45, 1872.—
Howakrp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis
of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p.
238, 1887.—Datua Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 375, 1898.—
ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.—CrxEsson, The
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916.
Spilochalcis virens Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, pp. 6, 36, 1885.—
Data TorrE, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 385, 1898.—ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 41, 1909.
Smicra virens (Howard) Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the
Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.
This large, compact species is most easily recognized by the densely
pubescent propodeum without lateral teeth, the compressed abdomen,
and the metafemora with the ventral margin provided with several
minute, widely spaced teeth; both mandibles have three teeth.
Description —yYellow or red with black markings; vertex, all but
lateral margins of mesopraescutum, all but lateral margins of lobes
of mesoscutum, mesal two-thirds of axillae, broad longitudinal mark
on mesoscutellum, usually wide inner and outer stripes on metacoxae,
oblique stripe on outer surface of metafemur near base, transverse
band at base of propodeum, most of petiole, and transverse dorsal
marks on gaster, black.
Female: 7.5-9 mm. Apex of antennal scape exceeding level of
posterior ocelli, pedicel two-fifths and ring segment one-eighth length
of segment 4, segments 4 and 5 almost equal, 6 to 10 progressively
18 Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 285
shorter, 11 three-quarters length of 10, 12 and 13 considerably shorter
than 11 but quite variable in exact size; scrobe cavity rather shallow,
edge carinate on ventral margin and ventral one-third of lateral
margins; interantennal projection with a narrow, apical lamina;
lateral carinae of frons wanting; entire frons deeply and densely
punctured, and provided with long setae; frontal tentorial pits
located near antennal bases, slightly dorsad of antennal bases; width
of malar space slightly more than one-third height of compound eye;
frontogenal suture extending in a low arc from compound eye to
dorsal articulation of mandible; combined widths of compound eyes
two-thirds width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; both
mandibles with three teeth; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly
less than one-half width of interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax densely punctured, lateral punctures slightly
larger than mesal ones, areas between punctures varying from
glabrous to lightly reticulated; pubescence dense, long, fine; antero-
lateral angles of pronotum only faintly carinate, anterior dorsal
margin without a carina on mesal three-quarters, a rounded projection
present near each posterior laterodorsal angle of pronotum; parap-
sidal sutures partly obscured by punctures; prepectus not visible;
apex of mesoscutellum provided with a minute lamina; metepi-
sternum broad, shallowly pitted, areas between pits glabrous, sparsely
covered by long setae; metacoxae glabrous, very slender near apex,
sparsely covered by long pubescence; metafemora glabrous, outer
surface covered by short pubescence, ventral margin arcuate, with
12 to 16 minute, blunt, widely spaced teeth; inner tooth lacking; apex
of metatibia acute, slightly curved dorsad.
Propodeum densely covered by long, slender setae, carinae strong,
but irregular, enclosing nearly quadrangular areas, one very slight
lateral tooth present on each side near point of insertion of petiole,
spiracular openings large, extending obliquely laterad; petiole
glabrous or showing very faint shagreening under a strong light, a
prominent lateral furrow extending from base to apex on either side,
basal lamina narrow, interrupted at dorsolateral angles; gaster
strongly flattened, slightly larger than metafemur, prominent lateral
rows of setae present on abdominal tergites 3 to 7; eighth tergite mi-
nutely pitted, covered with long, stout setae, spiracular openings
round; cerci oval, located near anterior margin of epipygium and
usually bearing three long setae; apices of ovipositor sheaths densely
covered with long setae.
Male: Unknown.
Type locality.—Delaware.
Types.——Holotype, female, 1787, Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia. Synonym, vivens Howard, 2623, U. S. National
Museum.
198858—40——~4
286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88
The original description of S. cowalis Cresson erroneously states
that the species is described from a male; the type is a female. The
type of S. virens Howard differs neither in color nor in structure from
the type of S. cowalzs Cresson.
This species may prove to be a synonym of Spilochalcis conjungens
(Walker). Smicra conjungens was described from a single female
specimen from Mexico one year previous to the publication of the
description of Smicra cowalis Cresson. A specimen I had compared
with the type of the latter species was sent to the Muséum National
d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris for comparison with Walker’s type. Dr.
Lucien Berland kindly made a detailed study of the specimens and
informed me that they differed slightly in the sculpturing of the
propodeum and the shape of the metafemoral teeth. Neither of these
characters is, in itself, sufficient for specific distinction in this group.
I have, however, decided to use, for the present, the name concerning
the correctness of which I have no doubt, rather than employ one that
is somewhat questionable.
Host.—Unknown.
Distribution —Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Missouri, New
Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia.
SPILCCHALCIS FLAMMEOLA (Cresson)
Smicra flammeola Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 48, 1872.—
CAMERON, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 84, 1884.—
Howarp, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885——Datta Torre,
Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 377, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.—Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenop-
tera, p. 75, 1916.
Smicra flammula Kirsy, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 66, 1883.
This species is most easily recognized by its very coarsely pitted
thorax, the toothlike anterolateral angles of the pronotum, and the
metafemur with a long, acute, outer basal tooth and no inner tooth.
Description.—Bright red, with frons, anterior and mesolegs, dorsal
spot at base of outer surface of metafemur, and usually petiole, yel-
low; venter of thorax black.
Female: 7mm. Antennal flagellum slender; scrobe cavity shallow,
carinate at ventral margin; interantennal projection with a small
anterior carina, this carina extending up into scrobe cavity almost
to anterior ocellus; frons deeply punctured just ventrad and laterad
of ocelli, a few vague carinae extending ventrolaterad from margins
of scrobe cavity; frons slightly produced ventrad of antennal bases;
frontal tentorial pits located just laterad of and slightly ventrad of
antennal bases; width of malar space slightly more than one-third
height of compound eye; frontogenal suture straight; widths of com-
pound eyes slightly less than width of interocular space at level of
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 287
antennal bases; left mandible with two teeth, ventral one larger, right
mandible with three teeth, two dorsal ones blunt, ventral one larger
and more acute; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly less than one-
half width of interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax irregularly covered by large, deep punctures,
areas between punctures minutely reticulated, pubescence long, fine;
anterolateral angles of pronotum acutely projecting, toothlike, an-
terior dorsal carina interrupted on mesal one-third; parapsidal fur-
rows partly obliterated; prepectus entirely concealed by projecting
lateral margin of mesoscutum; apex of mesoscutelJum with a rather
wide lamina; metepisternum strongly and densely punctured except
at posteroventral angle, pubescence sparse and fine; metacoxae gla-
brous, provided, except on outer dorsal surface, with long setae; outer
surface of metafemora glabrous, sparsely covered by long, black
setae, basal tooth large, acute, followed by 13 or 14 small acute teeth;
inner tooth wanting; apex of metatibia long, slender, acute.
Propodeum provided with long setae at posterolateral angles, sur-
face provided with large, strong carinae, areas between carinae al-
most glabrous, spiracular openings small, vertical, no lateral projec-
tions present on propodeum; petiole glabrous, provided with several
long, lateral setae, basal lamina narrow, interrupted at dorsolateral
angles; gaster compressed, usually slightly longer than metafemur,
abdominal tergites 3 to 7 each with long lateral setae; eighth tergite
densely covered by minute pits, setae long, sparse, spiracular openings
oval; cerci oval, located midway between anterior and posterior mar-
gins of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheaths provided with dense,
short ventral setae.
Male: Unknown.
Type locality —Mexico.
Types.—Holotype, female, 1811.1; paratypes, 1811.2, 1811.5, 2 fe-
males: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The two sup-
posed paratypes of this species labeled 1811.3 and 1811.4, in the
collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
unquestionably represent another species. The original description
of this species states that it was described from both males and
females, but all the type specimens are females.
Host.—Unknown.
Distribution —Terxas: Brownsville, November 25, 1910, 1 female.
Mexico: 3 females (holotype and paratypes).
SPILOCHALCIS NORTONI (Cresson)
Ficures 8, 0; 10, j; 13, ¢
Smicra nortoni Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 45, 1872.—Howarp,
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the
families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234,
288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
1887.—DatLa TorRE, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 380, 1898.—SmiruH,
Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Board Agr., vol. 27, suppl., p. 554, 1900.—
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 36, 1909.—CrrEsson, The
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 76, 1916.
Sptlochaicis nortoni (Cresson) SmMirH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus. for 1909,
p. 649, 1910.—VirREcK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 22,
p. 527, 1916.
This large yellow and black species is most easily recognized by its
densely pubescent metanotum and propodeum, the latter without
lateral teeth ; the left mandible has two teeth and the right three indis-
tinct ones.
Description.—Yellow with black markings; vertex, all but lateral
margins of mesopraescutum and mesoscutum, mesal two-thirds of
axillae, mesal longitudinal mark on mesoscutellum, broad outer and
inner basal stripes of metacoxae, irregular area at base of metafemora,
transverse basal stripe on propodeum, and transverse dorsal bands on
gaster, black.
Female: 9-11 mm. Antennal scape constricted just ventrad of apex,
reaching level of posterior ocelli, pedicel slightly less than one-half
and ring segment one-sixth length of segment 4, segments 4 to 9
equal in length, 10 slightly shorter, 11 two-thirds length of 10, 12 and
13 together slightly longer than 11; scrobe cavity deep, edge carinate
only at ventral margin and ventral one-fourth of lateral margins, inter-
antennal projection wide, without an apical lamina; frons without
lateral carinae; frons deeply and densely punctured except on small
patch just dorsal to clypeus; frontal tentorial pits not visible; width
of malar space slightly less than one-third height of compound eye;
frontogenal suture extending in a low arc from compound eye to
dorsal articulation of mandible; width of interocular space at level
of antennal bases greater by one-fifth than combined widths of com-
Figure 12.—Metafemora, lateral aspect, of Chalcidini
a, Spilochalcis exornata (Cresson).
b, Spilochalcis eubule (Cresson).
c, Spilochalcis dorsata (Cresson).
d, Spilochalcis transitiva (Walker).
e, Spilochalcis phoenica, new species.
f, Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius).
g, Spilochalcis laniert (Guérin).
h, Spilochalcis delicata (Cresson).
2, Spilochalcis femorata (Fabricius).
j, Spilochalcis mariae (Riley).
k, Spilochalcis subobsoleta (Cresson).
l, Ceratosmicra paya, new species.
m, Ceratosmicra debilis (Say).
n, Ceratosmicra immaculata (Cresson).
0, Ceratosmicra meteori, new name.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 289
Ficure 12.—See opposite page for explanation.
290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
pound eyes; left mandible with two teeth, right with three, the two
ventral ones indistinctly divided; diameter of posterior ocellus two-
fifths width of interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax covered with large punctures, spaces between
punctures minutely reticulated; pubescence long, fine; anterolateral
angles of pronotum carinate; anterior dorsal margin of pronotum
acarinate on mesal one-quarter; parapsidal furrows distinct; the
surface of mesopraescutum slightly higher than surface of mesoscu-
tum; prepectus narrow, tonguelike, not quite reaching tegula; an-
terior margin of mesoscutellum with a minute mesal projection,
apex with a minute lamina; metepisternum covered with deep, nearly
contiguous pits; metacoxae relatively slender, surface almost gla-
brous, reticulations extremely faint; metafemora glabrous, outer sur-
face densely covered by short pubescence, outer ventral margin with
11 to 18 small blunt teeth; inner tooth lacking; basal enlargement
of posterior claw with several large teeth.
Propodeum densely covered by long setae; reticulations prominent,
rather irregular, enclosing large, nearly rectangular areas near apex;
strong lateral projections wanting (fig. 13, c), spiracular openings
wide, almost vertical; petiole glabrous, short, less than twice as long
as wide, basal lamina narrow on ventral side, slightly wider on dorsal
side, interrupted at dorsolateral angles, faint longitudinal, lateral
grooves present; gaster strongly compressed, slightly larger than
metafemur; abdominal tergites 3 to 7 with rows of short lateral
setae; eighth tergite minutely punctured, densely covered by long
pubescence, spiracular openings with anterior margins straight;
epipygium densely pubescent, cerci oval, located near anterior mar-
gin and provided with four or five long setae; apices of ovipositor
sheaths with long, dense setae.
Male: 7.5mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, 0) broad, slightly expanded
at apex; width of malar space one-quarter height of compound eye;
petiole twice as long as wide.
Type locality.—District of Columbia.
Type.—Neotype, male, Bolton, Conn., July 20, 1982, ex Phobetron
pithecitum, deposited in the U. S. National Museum. This species
was originally described from a single male specimen collected by
Edward Norton in Washington, D. C., and the type has subsequently
been lost. A neotype is, therefore, designated.
Hosts —Prolimacodes badia (Hiibner), Phobetron pithecitum Abbot
and Smith (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae).
Distribution—Connecticut, District of Columbia, Illinois, Massa-
chusetts, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Virginia.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 291
The femorata Group
The femorata group is predominantly tropical but includes one very
common species in our region, S. mariae (Riley). In all species of
this group the antennal scape is long, and the flagellum is usually
slender. The scrobe cavity is either deep or shallow; the frons is
always slightly produced anteriorly just ventrad of the antennal bases.
All the species of this group have the metafemoral teeth minute and
closely set, but the basal tooth is often considerably larger than the
following ones; all species are yellow or red with relatively small
darker markings.
KEY TO SPECIES OF THE FEMORATA GROUP
1. Female, ninth abdominal sternite concealed, antennal scape
SSL TN Ch eRe eee ie i ag aE ap a he as Fk EI oe ee 2
Male, ninth abdominal sternite exposed, antennal scape broad____________-_ 8
2. Head, from dorsal aspect, one-half as long as wide, apex of
antennal scape reaching only to level of posterior ocelli_______________ 3
Head transverse, from dorsal aspect much less than one-half
as long as wide; apex of antennal scape markedly exceeding
JevelRot posterior: Ocelii = = ies ek 2 ee ee ee a ee 5
3. Metepisternum entirely glabrous, stigmal vein of forewing
roundedgat apex, (igs 10h) aes te ee eee delicata (p. 292)
Metepisternum punctured, stigmal vein of forewing angled at
apex (fig. 10; ie) Same Pes ee ae ee ee eee 4
4, Width of head much greater than maximum width of dorsum
of thorax; sSpiracular openings on propodeum wider dorsad
eh aimtsy entre de ered Be okey we peg he ee nie tee elachis (p. 294)
Width of head equal to maximum width of dorsum of thorax;
spiracular openings on propodeum equal in width dorsad and
MeMtrad se | tested ister tS eas li Sear oes hirtifemora (p. 295)
5. Surface of mesopraescutum and scutum provided only with
puncturesist 22) 2502 STEAM SW ee ohare dearer En Sey femorata (p. 297)
Surface of mesopraescutum and scutum provided both with
punctures and carinae, the carinae on mesopraescutum trans-
verse, those on lobes of mesoscutum directed obliquely
Cepnalade from POStTETOMeS ANG cin PCS eee ee ee ee en eee 6
6. Metafemur with a small inner tooth; a brown spot surrounding
stigmal vein; mesopraescutum always with a median black
line, this line usually broader at anterior than at posterior
margin; anterior lamina of pronotum slightly incised near
dorsolateralyancle= 2.5 =o ee es ee igneoides (p. 301)
Notwhavine chat COmpinalLiOonT OL ChAT CLOTS =e eee eee ee 7
7. Strong lateral carinae present on petiole, and venter of petiole
usually slightly rugose; metacoxae always with a black stripe
on outer dorsal surface extending almost from base to apex.
mariae (p. 303)
Petiole either without lateral carinae or with faint ones near
base, and venter of petiole smooth; metacoxae with a dark
spot on outer dorsal surface, this spot not reaching apex of
CO Xie err ee ee NS a eS ee EEE phais (p. 307)
292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
8. Metepisternum entirely glabrous, stigmal vein of forewing
roundedvatiapex) (ies lOeh) ae eee delicata (p. 292)
Metepisternum punctured, stigmal vein of forewing angled at
BER CATS! He yy sh AR A a SEE ee ee ee 9
9. Apex of antennal scape reaching only to level of posterior ocelli ;
head, from dorsal aspect, one-half as long as wide___ hirtifemora (p. 295)
Apex of antennal scape markedly exceeding level of posterior
ocelli; head, from dorsal aspect, much less than one-half as
Ong aS Wide! SNe eee ee I al Se ee 10
10. Surfaces of mesopraescutum and scutum provided only with
DUN CLUPES 22s fis eae a ia Se a femorata (p. 297)
Surfaces of mesopraescutum and scutum provided both with
punctures and carinae, the carinae on mesopraescutum trans-
verse, those on lobes of mesoscutum directed obliquely ceph-
alad=tromiposteromessal angles 2222 25. =e = ee ee 11
ii Pedicel of antenna triangular (ig. 957) 2 eee mariae (p. 303)
Pedicelvotsantennacylind ricaler(il ss: Osnt)) en ee ee ee 2
12. Anterior mesal margin of antennal scape strongly incised (fig.
SSUiyg)) (oe I ee ee ee ree ee ee ee eee igneoides (p. 301)
Anterior mesal margin of antennal scape not incised (fig.
OY is Olea ae ek ER SEE ae eee era We te ee eee 13
18. Antennal scape broadened only at apex, slightly excavated at
EAD} Kal (CF 2 CL) ee clora (p. 306)
Antennal scape broad from near base to apex, deeply excavated
atiapex ((fig: 19.70) ass ete ee ee ee phais (p. 307)
SPILOCHALCIS DELICATA (Cresson)
Ficures 8, p; 10, h; 12, h; 18, b
Smicra delicata Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 4, pp. 38, 54, 192, 1872.—
Howakrp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis
of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico,
p. 233, 1887.—Datta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 375,
1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.—CrESSon,
The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916.
Smicra delicatula CaMERON, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1,
p. 94, 1884.
This small yellow species is most easily recognized by its very wide
interocular space, the shallow scrobe cavity, the broad, compact thorax
with the dorsal surface nearly glabrous, the rather long, slender
petiole, and slender metafemora with a large, acute inner tooth; the
apex of the antennal scape of the male markedly exceeds the level of
the posterior ocelli but only reaches this level in the female.
Description —Yellow, with vague, variable orange or light-brown
markings; occiput, broad mesal area of mesopraescutum, most of
lobes of mesoscutum, mesal angles of axillae, apex of mesoscutellum,
spot on mesopleuron, basal mark on outer dorsal surface of metacoxa,
and apical segment of posterior tarsus, usually orange or light brown;
metafemoral teeth and, in some specimens, basal segments of gaster,
black.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 293
Female: 3.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape reaching level of pos-
terior ocelli, pedicel much narrower than flagellar segments, two-
thirds length of segment 4, ring segment one-half length of pedicel.
segment 5 slightly shorter than 4, segments 5 to 11 equal in length,
12 and 18 slightly shorter; scrobe cavity shallow, margin carinate
only at ventrolateral angles; apical carina of interantennal projection
extended dorsad one-half distance to anterior ocellus; frontal tentorial
pits minute, located near margin of compound eye, and ventrad of
antennal bases; frons almost glabrous, with minute slightly irregular
carinae, these carinae transverse on area of frons ventrad of antennal
bases, pubescence long, sparse; small mesal area located just dorsad
of clypeus more closely reticulated than remainder of frons; width of
malar space one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal suture
almost straight, very slightly curved; a vague carina usually present
on genal area parallel to posterior margin of compound eye; combined
widths of compound eyes two-thirds width of interocular space at
level of antennal bases; left mandible with two teeth, ventral one
much longer than dorsal, right mandible with three teeth, middle one
minute; diameter of posterior ocellus one-third interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax minutely reticulated, almost glabrous, a few
vague, shallow punctures present, pubescence long, sparse; antero-
Jateral angles and anterior dorsal margin of pronotum acarinate, pre-
pectus wider than in most species, just reaching anterior apex of
tegula; stigmal knob of forewing large, rounded (fig. 10, 2); apex
of mesoscutellum with an extremely narrow lamina; metepisternum
glabrous; metacoxae glabrous on outer dorsal surface, sparsely cov-
ered with short setae on ventral side; metafemora rather narrow
(fig. 12, 2), outer ventral margin provided with 14 to 20 small, acute
teeth, these teeth often widely spaced; inner tooth large, acute.
Propodeum with a single mesal and lateral carina, basolateral areas
minutely reticulated, almost smooth, spiracular openings slanting
laterad (fig. 18, 6), no lateral propodeal teeth present; petiole gla-
brous, twice as long as wide, basal lamina wide on ventral side, nar-
row on dorsal; gaster usually equal in length to metafemur, ab-
dominal tergites 4 to 7 each with a single sparse lateral row of long
setae; eighth tergite slightly shagreened, provided with a few slender,
inconspicuous setae, spiracular openings round; cerci large, oval, lo-
cated near posterior margin of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheath
with a few long ventral setae.
Male: 3.54 mm. This species exhibits greater antigeny than most
other species of the genus. Antennal scape (fig. 8, p) with apex
markedly exceeding level of posterior ocelli, antennal segments 5 to
10 usually equal, last three slightly shorter; width of malar space
three-tenths height of compound eye; combined widths of compound
294. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
eyes four-fifths interocular space; diameter of posterior ocellus three-
sevenths interocellar space; petiole three times as long as wide.
Type locality —Texas.
Types——Holotype, female, 1794, Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia; allotype, male, 1654, U. S. National Museum.
Host—Unknown.
Distribution —Fiorma: Jacksonville, 1 male. Trxas: Belfrage,
49, 1 female, 1 male (holotype and allotype) ; Brownsville, November
23—December 1, 1910, 3 males; Cameron County, August 3, 1928, R. H.
Beamer, 1 female; Corpus Christi, October 16, 1908, Mitchell and
Bishopp, 1 male.
SPILOCHALCIS ELACHIS, new species
This species is closely related to S. hirtifemora (Ashmead) but
differs in having the head wider in comparison to the thorax, the
propodeum very weakly carinate, with the areas between carinae
reticulated rather than glabrous; the spiracular slits of the propodeum
are wider dorsad than ventrad, while these openings are uniform in
width in hirtifemora.
Description.—Dull yellow or orange; venter of thorax, vague
longitudinal stripe on mesopraescutum, and most of abdomen, light
brown.
Female: 2-2.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape reaching level of
dorsal margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel equal to and ring segment
one-quarter length of segment 4, segment 5 slightly shorter than 4,
6 slightly longer than 5, 6 to 10 equal, 11 slightly shorter, 12 slightly
longer than 10, 13 as long as 11; scrobe cavity shallow, only ventral
margin carinate; interantennal projection with a minute anterior
carina; frons minutely reticulated laterad of scrobe cavity, scatter-
ingly punctured just anterior to posterior ocelli and ventrad of
antennal bases; frontal tentorial pits not visible; width of malar
space one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal suture slightly
curved, almost straight; combined widths of compound eyes equal to
interocular space at level of antennal bases; left mandible with two
acute teeth, ventral one slightly larger; diameter of posterior ocellus
slightly less than one-half interocellar space; width of head one-
fourth greater than maximum dorsal width of thorax.
Dorsum of thorax densely covered by irregular, shallow punctures,
pubescence short, sparse; anterolateral angles of pronotum obscurely
carinate, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; parapsidal furrows dis-
tinct; prepectus not visible, completely hidden by anterolateral angles
of mesoscutum; apex of mesoscutellum with a very narrow, mesally
depressed lamina; metacoxae with a few large, indistinct ventral
punctures, remainder of surface minutely shagreened; outer surface
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 295
of metafemora minutely shagreened, almost glabrous, ventral margin
with 18 to 20 small closely set teeth, basal one slightly larger; inner
tooth sharp.
Propodeum with a few long lateral setae, strong carinae present
near apex and on meson, two minutely reticulated areas at base,
spiracular slits almost vertical, wider dorsad than ventrad, propo-
deum without lateral projections; petiole three times as long as wide,
surface minutely reticulated, basal lamina narrow, lateral carinae
absent; gaster acuminate, slightly longer than metafemur, abdominal
tergites 5 to 7 with sparse lateral setae; eighth tergite obscurely sha-
greened, almost glabrous, setae sparse, short, spiracular openings
round, directed laterad; cerci obovate, located slightly nearer an-
terior than posterior margin of epipygium, the latter densely and
minutely pitted and provided with long setae; apex of ovipositor
sheath with a few short ventral setae.
Male—Unknown.
Type locality —F lorida.
Types.—Holotype, female, Biscayne Bay, Fla.; paratype, Tallulah,
La., 1194, 1 female. Types deposited in the U. S. National Museum.
Host.—Unknown; this species will probably prove to be a hyper-
parasite.
SPILOCHALCIS HIRTIFEMORA (Ashmead)
FIGurE 8, q
Smicra hirtifemora AsSHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. x, 1885.—
CrESSON, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of Amer-
ica north of Mexico, p. 2338, 1887—Datia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum,
vol. 5, p. 377, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35,
1909.
Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead) WILson, Florida Ent., vol. 16, p. 39, 19382;
vol. 17, p. 38, 1983; Florida Agr. Exp. Stat. Techn. Bull. 271, p. 16, 1935.
Spilochalcis syrphidis Wotcott, Journ. Dept. Agr. Puerto Rico, vol. 7, p. 57,
1923; Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 20, p. 536, 1936.
This small yellow or orange species is most easily recognized by
having the head, from the dorsal aspect, one-half as long as wide,
the scrobe cavity shallow, the apex of the antennal scape just reaching
the level of the posterior ocelli, and the width of the head equal to
the maximum dorsal width of thorax; there is an indistinct spot
around the stigmal vein of the forewing. This species bears a
superficial resemblance to some members of the genus Decatoma.
Description.—Yellowish or orange; venter of thorax, variable lon-
gitudinal mesal stripe on mesopraescutum, spot around stigmal vein,
and most of abdomen, reddish brown.
Female: 3-4 mm. Apex of antennal scape reaching level of poste-
rior ocelli, pedicel three-quarters and ring segment one-quarter length
296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
of segment 4, segments 4 to 10 usually equal, somewhat variable, 11
and 12 slightly shorter than 10, 13 usually equal to 10; scrobe cavity
shallow, carinate at ventral margin and ventral half of lateral mar-
gins, the latter strongly curved mesad; interantennal projection with
a minute, vague anterior carina; frons minutely reticulated, almost
glabrous ventrad of antennal bases, pubescence short, sparse; frontal
tentorial pits located ventrad and laterad of antennal bases; width of
malar space one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal suture
slightly curved; combined widths of compound eyes equal to inter-
ocular width at level of antennal bases; left mandible with two
acute teeth, dorsal one larger, right mandible with three teeth; diam-
eter of posterior ocellus from slightly more than one-half to three-
fifths width of interocellar space; head, from dorsal aspect, one-half
as long as wide.
Dorsum of thorax with close irregular punctures, pubescence in-
conspicuous except at lateral margins of thorax, where it is slightly
longer and stouter; anterolateral angles of pronotum mintely cari-
nate; anterior dorsal margin acarinate; parapsidal furrows distinct;
prepectus not visible; apex of mesoscutellum with a narrow, mesally
depressed lamina; metepisternum covered by large, shallow punc-
tures, pubescence short and fine; metacoxae with entire surface sha-
greened, setose on outer ventral side, sparsely so on dorsal; meta-
femora with outer surface minutely reticulated, pubescence short,
sparse, ventral margin provided with 16 to 20 small, closely set teeth,
basal one slightly larger; inner tooth sharp.
Propodeum usually entirely without setae, surface provided with
strong carinae, areas between carinae glabrous, spiracular openings
oblique, one very slight projection present at each posterolateral angle
of propodeum; petiole two and one-quarter times as long as wide,
entire surface shagreened and uneven, basal lamina wide, lateral
carinae absent; gaster acuminate, slightly longer than metafemur,
abdominal tergites 4 to 7 with long, sparse lateral setae; eighth
tergite minutely and obscurely reticulated, setae long, sparse; spi-
racular openings round; cerci oval, located midway between ante-
rior and posterior margins of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheaths
with a few short ventral setae.
Male: 2.5-3 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, g) enlarged in the mid-
dle; flagellum stout, segments usually as wide as long; width of
malar space two-fifths height of compound eye; combined widths of
compound eyes slightly less than interocular space at level of antennal
bases; petiole four times as long as wide.
Type locality —F lorida.
Types.—Holotype, male, 51949, U. S. National Museum. The
female was described as Spilochalcis syrphidis Wolcott, from Puerto
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 297
Rico; types, 51871, U. S. National Museum, and three specimens in
the collection of the Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station
collection, Rio Piedras, P. R.
The type of S. syrphidis Wolcott differs only in sex from the type
of 8. hirtifemora (Ashmead).
Hosts—Mesogramma polita (Say), Mesogramma polygonastyla
(Metcalf), Platychirus sp. (Diptera, Syrphidae); Apanteles mar-
giniventris (Cresson), Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae).
Distribution.—District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois,
Ohio, Tennessee, Texas.
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico.
SPILOCHALCIS FEMORATA (Fabricius)
Ficures 7, f, j; 8, r; 12, 4
Crabro femoratus Fasricius, Systema entomologiae .. ., p. 375, 1775; Species
insectorum ..., vol. 1, p. 472, 1781; Mantissa insectorum..., vol. 1,
p. 297, 1787.—OLivirr, Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. 6, p. 518, 1791.
Vespa femorata (Fabricius) GMELIN, Systema naturae, ed. 18, vol. 1, p. 2765,
1790.
Smicra femorata (Fabricius) Kirpy, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., vol. 17,
p. 86, 1883.
Spilochalcis femorata (Fabricius) Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool.,
vol. 25, p. 79, 1894; vol. 26, p. 180, 1897.—Datia Torre, Catalogus hymen-
opterorum, vol. 5, p. 384, 1898.—AsHMeEAD, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol.
48, p. 336, 1900; Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. i, p. 326, 1904.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT,
Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 39, 1909.—Gowpry, Rept. Govt. Ent. Jamaica
Dept. Agr. for 1920, p. 25, 1921—Wiutson, Rept. Ent. Virgin Islands Agr.
Exp. Stat. for 1920, p. 21, 1921; St. Croix Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 3, p. 15,
1923; Virgin Islands Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 3, p. 5, 19238——Wotcort, Journ.
Dept. Agr. Puerto Rico, vol. 7, p. 61, 19283—WINBURN and PAINTER, Journ.
Kansas Ent. Soc., vol. 5, p. 7, 1923.—Luainpm1, U. S. Dept. Agr. Techn.
Bull. 34, p. 74, 1828—Wotcort, Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 20, p.
536, 1936.
Sphez punctata Fasrictus, Species insectorum ..., vol. 1, p. 446, 1781.
Chalcis punctata (Fabricius) Fapricius, Mantissa insectorum ..., vol. 1, p.
272, 1787.— GMELIN, Systema naturae, ed. 13, vol. 1, p. 2748, 1790.—OLIviEr,
Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. 5, p. 488, 1790.—Fasricius, Hntomologia
systematica .. ., vol. 2, p. 196, 1793; Systema piezatorum .. ., p. 161, 1804.
Conura punctata (Fabricius) SicHet, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 5, pp.
360, 392, 1865.
Smicra punctata (Fabricius) WaAtkrER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—
Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 4, p. 57, 1872—Cameron, Biologia
Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 87, 1884—-Howarp, U. 8S. Dept.
Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.
Smiera punctata (Fabricius) Wotcort, Journ. Dept. Agr. Puerto Rico, vol. 7,
p. 63, 1923; Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 20, p. 537, 1936.
Chalcis fasciata OLivirr, Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. 5, p. 489, 1790.
Smiera subpunctata WALKER, Ent. Mag., vol. 2, p. 25, 1834; vol. 5, p. 469, 1838.—
Cresson, Proe. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 38, 1862.
298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Smicra subpunctata (Walker) Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 57,
1872.—Howakgp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 36, 1885.
Smiera nigropicta Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 95, 1865;
The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 76, 1916.
Smicra nigropicta (Cresson) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—CreEsson,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 53, 1872.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr.
Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.
Smiera ignea CRESSON, Proc. Ent. Soe. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 92, 1865; The
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916.
Smicra ignea (Cresson) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—CreEsson,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 4, pp. 37, 49, 192, 1872; Howarp, U. S. Dept.
Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and
genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—
Datta TorRE, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 377, 1898—AsHMEaD,
Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 48, p. 337, 1900.—SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.
Smicra mirabilis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 53, 192, 1872.—
Howarp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—CreEsson, Synopsis
of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico,
p. 2338, 1887—Datia TorRE, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 379,
1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 35, 1909.—CrREsSoN,
The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916.
This common tropical and subtropical species is most easily recog-
nized by its very large compound eyes (fig. 7, 7), the long and slender
antennal flagellum with the three apical segments conspicuously
shorter than the basal ones, the wide and deep scrobe cavity, and the
usually large and acute basal tooth of the metafemur (fig. 12, 2).
Description.—Y ellow, orange, or red with variable black markings;
dorsal side of flagellum, T-shaped mark on mesopraescutum, a longi-
tudinal stripe on each lobe of mesoscutum, mesal angles of axillae,
longitudinal mesal stripe on mesoscutellum, usually a round dorsal
spot on outer dorsal surface of metacoxa, metatrochanters usually,
outer ventral teeth and usually an apical spot on metafemur, variable
mesal spot on propodeum, and usually apex of abdomen, black.
Female: 5.5-8 mm. Antennae inserted ventrad of center of frons
(fig. 7, 7), apex of scape exceeding level of posterior ocelli, pedicel
five-eighths and ring segment one-eighth length of segment 4, segment
5 slightly shorter than 4, segments 5 to 10 gradually decreasing in
length, so that segment 10 is only five-eighths length of 4, last three
segments combined equal to third and fourth segments, exact shape
of segments 12 and 138 variable, 12 usually much shorter than 11 or
13; scrobe cavity deep and wide, area of frons laterad of scrobe
cavity very narrow (fig. 7, 7) ; terantennal projection provided with
a narrow anterior lamina; frons with lateral carinae, and provided
with a few scattered punctures laterad of scrobe cavity and on lateral
areas of frons ventrad of antennal bases, elsewhere minutely and
obscurely reticulated; frontal tentorial pits located near anterior
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 299
margins of compound eyes, and dorsad of antennal bases (fig. 7, /) ;
width of malar space one-third height of compound eyes, fronto-
genal suture extending directly from compound eye to mandible,
paralleled by two strong carinae; combined widths of compound
eyes slightly greater than interocular width at level of antennal bases;
left mandible with two teeth, ventral one slightly larger, right man-
dible with three teeth, ventral one more acute and slightly larger
than others; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly less than one-half
interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax deeply and densely pitted; pubescence short,
inconspicuous; anterolateral angles of pronotum with an obscure
carina, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; parapsidal furrows distinct ;
prepectus narrow, slightly overlapping anterior end of tegula; apex
of mesoscutellum with a very narrow lamina, which is strongly de-
pressed on meson; metepisternum strongly punctured except at
anterior and posterior ventral angles, unpunctured areas glabrous or
very faintly reticulated, pubescence fine, scattered; metacoxae
glabrous on outer dorsal and inner surfaces, elsewhere shallowly
punctured and setose; metafemora glabrous, sparsely covered with
short setae, outer ventral margin with 12 to 20 small teeth, basal one
larger than others, often long, acute (fig. 12, 7); inner tooth acute,
metatibia with apex long, slender, acute.
Propodeum with a few short, lateral setae, surface covered by
irregular carinae, areas between carinae minutely reticulated, no
lateral projections present, spiracular slits strongly arced,; petiole
short, usually shorter than wide, but occasionally slightly longer than
wide, glabrous or very minutely reticulated, basal lamina wide on
ventral side, narrower on dorsal side, slightly depressed on dorsal
meson, interrupted at dorsolateral angles, lateral carinae usually pres-
ent on petiole; gaster acuminate, one-third to one-half longer than
metafemur, abdominal segments 4 to 7 each with a sparse row of short
lateral setae; eighth tergite lightly shagreened, sparsely covered with
short, black setae, spiracular openings round; cerci small, almost
round, located near posterior margin of epipygium; apex of ovipositor
sheaths densely covered with short setae.
Male: 5.6 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, 7) broad at apex; malar
space one-fourth height of compound eye; combined widths of com-
pound eyes slightly less than interocular width at level of antennal
bases; inner tooth of metafemur sharp; petiole twice as long as wide,
with lateral carinae obscure or wanting.
Type locality —West Indies.
Types.—C halcis No. 8, Fabricius collection, University of Kiel, Kiel,
Germany, 5 specimens. Comparisons made by Dr. Olaw Schroeder,
June 1936. Types much broken and moldy, sex not discernible.
300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
There is some doubt that S. femorata is the correct name to use for
this species, although it is fairly clear that Fabricius himself #* con-
sidered his species Crabro femoratus and Chalcis punctata the same.
He used the name pwnctata for it in all his later works. The name
femorata, however, has priority. Since Fabricius did not observe
priority in the use of names proposed by other authors, it is not sur-
prising to find that he did not observe priority in the use of his own
names.
No specimens have been located that could be the types of Crabro
femoratus Fabricius, so the specimens labeled Chalets punctata in the
Fabricius collection at Kiel University have been taken as the types.
Dr. Olaw Schroeder has kindly made a detailed study of these types
for me. He states that the specimens sent for comparison are, on the
basis of the structural characters I asked him to examine, the same
as the types.
Types for the synonyms: punctata Fabricius, type apparently the
same as that of femorata; fasciata Olivier, lost; subpunctata Walker,
lost; nzgropicta Cresson, 1816.1-1816.6, Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia; ignea Cresson, 1812, Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia; mirabilis Cresson, 1792.1-1792.2, Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, and 1656, U. S. National Museum.
The available specimens of this species show distinct, but inter-
grading, differences in structure. Almost all the forms of this
species, both the extremes and the intermediates, have already been
described and named. I prefer to retain the single name for all
of them, as no reliable means has been found for separating them.
The species Chalcis fasciata Olivier and Smiera subpunctata Walker
have been synonymized with S. femorata by Kirby*® and as the
types are lost, and the original descriptions show no reliable dis-
tinctions, they may as well be left in synonymy.
There are, in the Tropics, a great many species, both described
and undescribed, closely related to this one. To judge from the
collections of tropical Chalcididae I have seen, S. femorata is per-
haps the commonest species of this group in the West Indies and
Central America, particularly in cultivated areas.
Hosts—I have seen no reared material of this species, but the
following records of hosts have been published for Spilochalcis
femorata: Laphygma frugiperda Abbot and Smith [Wilson],
Heliothis obsoleta (Fabricius) [Winburn and Painter] (Lepidoptera,
Noctuidae).
Distribution —Florida, Georgia, Texas, Cuba, Haiti, Panama,
Puerto Rico.
144 Wntomologia systematica, vol. 2, p. 196, 1793.
1 Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 66, 1883.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 301
SPILOCHALCIS IGNEOIDES (Kirby)
Figures 8, s; 9, t¢
Smicra igneoides Kirsy, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 71, 1883.—
Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of
America north of Mexico, p. 2338, 1887.—SmitrH, Geol. Surv. New Jersey,
Catalogue of insects, p. 38, 1890.—DALLA Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum,
vol. 5,-p. 377, 1898.—SmitH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Board Agr., vol.
27, suppl., p. 553, 1900.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97,
p. 35, 1909.
Smicra vittata ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. x, 1885.—CrEsson,
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north
of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.—Da ita Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5,
p. 383, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 36, 1909.
Spilochalcis vittata (Ashmead) Gossarp, Florida Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 79,
p. 288, 1905.—GiLLt, U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 371, p. 15, 1917; U. S.
Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bull. 843, p. 21, 1917.—Witson, Rept. Ent. Virgin
Islands Agr. Exp. Stat. for 1921, p. 21, 1922; Virgin Islands Agr. Exp. Stat.
Bull. 3, p. 21, 1923—Lvuerneizt, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Techn. Bull. 34, p. 74,
1928.—WINBURN and PAINTER, Journ. Kansas Ent. Soc., vol. 5, p. 7, 1932.
Spilochalcis mesillae CocKERELL, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6. vol. 19, p. 403,
1897.
At first glance this species seems quite distinct from all others, but
it is actually difficult to find infallible characters to separate the fe-
males from those of S. mariae (Riley). The female of this species
can best be recognized by the following characters: Body rather long
and narrow, transverse carinae of mesopraescutum strong, abdomen
acuminate, forewings with a brown spot around the stigmal vein,
metafemur with a small inner tooth; the longitudinal mesal stripe of
the mesonotum usually gradually widens anteriorly. In the male the
scape is strongly incised (fig. 8, s), but the pedicel is cylindrical (fig. 9,
t) rather than triangular as in S. mariae (fig. 9, u).
Description—Yellow or red with black markings; scrobe cavity,
usually two small spots on frons just ventrad of ocelli, mesal stripe
between posterior ocelli, occipital area, usually meson of pronotum,
usually a broad, longitudinal band extending from apex of mesoscutel-
lum to anterior margin of mesopraescutum, parapsidal furrows, some-
times broad spots at anteromesal angles of lobes of mesoscutum, pos-
terior margins of axillae, variable marks on mesopleuron, usually a
dorsal stripe on metacoxa of female, with both a dorsal and ventral
stripe in male, teeth of metafemur, usually a mesal stripe and areas
around spiracles on propodeum, and apex of ovipositor sheath, black;
male often with a black stripe on frontogenal suture; wings brownish,
with a dark-brown spot surrounding stigmal vein.
Female: 4.5-8.5 mm. Antennal scape exceeding, by one-fifth its
length, level of posterior ocellus, pedicel five-sixths and ring seg-
ment one-quarter length of segment 4, segment 4 slightly longer than
188858—40-—_5
302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
5, 5 to 8 equal, 9 and 10 slightly shorter, 11 and 12 combined equal to
or slightly shorter than 10, 18 variable, usually minute; scrobe cavity
shallow, margin indistinctly carinate at ventrolateral angles; one to
three transverse carinae present in scrobe cavity just ventrad of an-
terior ocellus; interantennal projection with anterior carina con-
tinued up into scrobe cavity; frons with a few shallow pits near lateral
margins, elsewhere minutely shagreened, several strong carinae ex-
tending laterad from anterior ocellus; frontal tentorial pits located
just laterad of antennal bases; malar space usually slightly less than
one-third height of compound eye, in large specimens, slightly wider;
frontogenal suture almost straight ; combined widths of compound eyes
slightly greater than interocular space; left mandible with two teeth,
right with three; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly less than two-
thirds width of interocellar space.
Surface of pronotum and mesoscutellum shallowly punctured,
areas between punctures lightly shagreened, remainder of dorsum of
thorax provided both with carinae and irregular punctures; pubes-
cence long, fine; anterolateral angles of pronotum carinate, anterior
dorsal carina interrupted on mesal one-quarter to one-third, prono-
tum often with a carina at posterior margin on meson; prepectus
narrow, apex not quite reaching tegula; apex of mesoscutellum with
an extremely narrow, mesally depressed lamina; metepisternum
shallowly pitted, areas between punctures almost glabrous, pubescence
long; metacoxae glabrous on outer dorsal surface, covered with short
setae on outer ventral surface, minutely shagreened near apex on
ventral side; metafemur glabrous on outer surface, densely covered
by short setae, ventral margin provided with 16 to 24 minute teeth,
basal one slightly larger; small inner tooth present; apex of metati-
bia acute.
Propodeum with a few lateral setae, surface provided with strong
mesal and apical carinae, laterobasal areas almost smooth, small tooth
present at each posterolateral angle, spiracular openings oblique;
petiole short, less than twice as long as wide, basal lamina nar-
row, lateral carinae usually present near base, but almost always
becoming obsolete before apex; gaster one-third to one-half longer
than metafemur; abdominal tergites 4 to 7 each with a double row of
lateral setae; eighth tergite minutely shagreened, sparsely setose,
spiracular openings oval, anterior margin often with a minute
rounded projection; cerci small, oval, located near posterior margin
of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheaths with long setae.
Male: 4.5-6 mm. Inner margin of scape strongly incised (fig. 8, s),
pedicel cylindrical (fig. 9, ¢), combined lengths of antennal segments
11 and 12 usually equal to segment 13; malar space always with a
single long seta on each side of frontogenal suture, width of malar
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 303
space slightly less than one-third height of compound eye; combined
widths of compound eyes one-fifth greater than interocular space at
level of antennal bases; petiole slightly more than twice as long as
wide; gaster usually equal in length to metafemur.
Type locality —“United States.”
Types.—Holotype, female, British Museum; comparisons made by
Dr. Ch. Ferriére. Synonyms: vittata Ashmead, 40006, U. S. Na-
tional Museum; mesillae Cockerell, 4075, U. S. National Museum.
Dr. Ch. Ferriére has kindly sent me detailed sketches and notes on
the type of this species. The type of S. vittata Ashmead differs only
in having the color markings very small and the transverse carinae
of the mesopraescutum slightly weaker. The type of S. mesillae
Cockerell is larger and has very broad color markings on the thorax,
but otherwise it cannot be distinguished. I have a series of 54 speci-
mens from localities all over the United States, and in this series all
gradations are present between the form of vittata, with its small
color bands, and mesi/lae with the color bands very broad.
The variation in coloration of this species seems to correlate very
well with the mean temperatures of the localities where it has been
collected, as the specimens from either high elevations or northern lo-
calities have very broad markings, while specimens from southern
localities or low altitudes have the color bands narrow. This varia-
tion in color does not seem to correlate with variations in humidity, as
specimens from the deserts of southern New Mexico or California are
identical in coloration with specimens from the coast of Massachusetts.
Hosts.—I have seen no reared material of this species, but the fol-
lowing host records have been published under the name Spilochaleis
vittata: Mineola indigenella Zeller [Gossard] (Lepidoptera, Pyrali-
dae); Laphygma frugiperda Abbot and Smith [Wilson], Heliothis
obsoleta (Fabricius) [Winburn and Painter] (Noctuidae).
Distribution —Alberta, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indi-
ana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas,
Virginia.
SPILOCHALCIS MARIAE (Riley)
Ficures 8, t; 9, wu; 10, k; 12, j
Chalcis mariae Ritry, Amer. Ent., vol. 2, p. 101, 1870; 4th annual report on the
noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of Missouri, p. 109, 1872.—
GENTRY, Can. Ent., vol. 9, p. 50, 1877—Bruner, Nebraska Agr. Exp. Stat.
Bull. 14, p. 140, 1890; Rept. Nebraska State Hort. Soc. for 1891, p. 220, 1892;
Preliminary introduction to the study of entomology, p. 101, 1894.
Smicra mariae (Riley) Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 52, 1872.—
Gutover, Illustrations of North American entomology, pl. 1, fig. 33, 1878.—
Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of Amer-
ica north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—SmitTH, Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Catalogue
304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 88
of insects, p. 38, 1890.—Howargrp, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 1, p. 11,
1895.—SmirH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Board Agr., vol. 27, suppl., p.
554, 1900.—GirAvLT, Ent. News, vol. 25, p. 283, 1914.
Spilochalcis mariae (Riley) HowArp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, pp. 6,
35, 1885.—Datia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 285, 1898.—
VIERECEK, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p. 184, 1906.—Howarp and CHITTEN-
DEN, U. S. Dept. Agr. Cire. 97, p. 7, 1908.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera in-
sectorum, fasc. 97, p. 40, 1909.—SmirH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus. for
1909, p. 649, 1910.—VirrEcr, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 22,
p. 527, 1916—Howarp and CHITTENDEN, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bull. 701,
p. 7, 1916.—RuvHL, Soc. Ent. Stuttgart, vol. 36, p. 11, 1921.—Barre, Ontario
Dept. Agr. Bull. 224, p. 8, 1928.—Isrry, Arkansas Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 208, p. 32,
1926.—LEonARD, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Mem. 101, p. 976, 1928.—
JOHNSON, Nantucket Maria Mitchell Assoc. Publ. 3, p. 109, 1930.—Mont-
GOMERY, Can. Ent., vol. 65, p. 185, 19833.—ScHAFFNER and GRISWOLD, U. S.
Dept. Agr. Misc. Publ. 188, p. 152, 1934.
Spilochalcis trinidadensis ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 487, 1904.—
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 41, 1909.
Spilochalcis insularis ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 437, 1904.—
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 40, 1909.
The male of this species differs from all other North American
species in the genus in having the antennal pedicel triangular in-
stead of cylindrical (see fig. 9, w); the female is most easily recog-
nized by the quite constant color pattern of the dorsum of the thorax,
the short, stout petiole, with distinct lateral carinae, and the meta-
femora being without an inner tooth.
Description—Yellow or red with black markings; flagellum of
antennae, occiput, mesal spot on anterior surface of pronotum, an-
terior and posterior margins and longitudinal mesal stripe of meso-
praescutum, parapsidal furrows, longitudinal mark on each lobe of
mesoscutum, posterolateral angles of axillae, longitudinal mesal
stripe of mesoscutellum, variable dorsal stripe or spot and apex of
metacoxae, metatrochanters usually, teeth of metafemur, variable
basal spot of propodeum, usually narrow transverse dorsal stripes
on gaster, and apex of ovipositor sheaths, black; male almost always
with both a dorsal and ventral black stripe on metacoxae.
Female: 4.5-10 mm. Apex of antennal scape exceeding, by one-
fourth its length, level of posterior ocelli, scape and ring segment
usually equal in length, their combined lengths equal to segment 4,
segments 4 to 7 usually equal, 7 sometimes slightly shorter, 8 and 9
always shorter than 7, 10 variable in length, usually slightly shorter
than 9, last three segments indistinctly divided, their combined
lengths usually equal to segment 4; scrobe cavity shallow, edge cari-
nate at ventral margin and on ventral one-half of lateral margins,
the latter strongly curved mesad; interantennal projection with a
slight anterior carina; frons with a few scattered, indistinct punc-
tures, oblique carinae radiating from ventral and lateral margins
of anterior ocellus, usually three transverse carinae present in scrobe
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 305
cavity just ventrad of antennal bases; frontal tentorial pits located
very near antennal bases, at level of ventral margin of scrobe cavity ;
width of malar space approximately one-third height of compound
eye; frontogenal suture straight; combined widths of compound
eyes four-fifths interocular width at level of antennal bases; left
mandible with two teeth, right with three; diameter of posterior
ocellus usually two-thirds interocellar width, sometimes slightly less;
vertex strongly depressed between posterior ocelli.
Dorsum of thorax scatteringly covered by punctures and short,
slightly irregular transverse carinae; pubescence indistinct; antero-
lateral angles of pronotum carinate, anterior dorsal margin with
carina varying from strong to weak, this carina interrupted on
mesal one-eighth to one-third; parapsidal furrows distinct; prepec-
tus usually concealed, occasionally visible as a very narrow, blade-
like sclerite extending to tegula; apex of mesoscutellum with a
minute lamina which is strongly depressed on meson; metepisternum
partly glabrous, anteroventral angle sometimes minutely shagreened,
a few shallow punctures present; metacoxae completely glabrous,
sparsely covered by rather long pubescence except on outer dorsal
surface; metafemur (fig. 12, 7) glabrous on outer surface, densely
covered by short pubescence, ventral margin with 14 to 22 small,
closely set teeth, the basal one larger; inner tooth wanting; metatibia
with apex narrow, acute.
Propodeum with two lateral areas at base covered by minute,
irregular reticulations, well-developed carinae on meson and at apex,
a blunt lateral projection present on either side of point of inser-
tion of petiole, spiracular openings vertical; petiole usually as wide
as long, occasionally slightly longer, basal lamina narrow, distinct
lateral carinae present, area of petiole ventrad of lateral carinae
lightly shagreened; gaster one-third to one-half longer than meta-
femur, abdominal tergites three to seven each with a sparse row of
lateral setae; eighth tergite minutely shagreened, sparsely covered
by long setae, spiracular openings oval; cerci oval, small, located
near posterior margin of epipygium, usually provided with five long
setae; apex of ovipositor sheath densely covered with short setae.
Male: 4-7 mm. Mesal margin of antennal scape strongly incised
(fig. 8, ¢), pedicel triangular (fig. 9, wv); width of malar space one-
quarter height of compound eye; combined widths of compound eyes
equal to width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; petiole
slightly longer than wide at widest point; cerci large, located midway
between base and apex of ninth tergite.
Type locality Missouri.
Types.—Holotype, female, 2788, U. S. National Museum; the allo-
type has apparently been lost, although both the male and female
were mentioned in the original description. Synonyms: trinidaden-
306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
sis Ashmead, H. H. Smith collection, Carnegie Museum; insularis
Ashmead, H. H. Smith collection, Carnegie Museum.
The types of S. trinidadensis and S. insularis Ashmead are slightly
smaller and more lightly colored than the typical S. mariae, but
otherwise they do not differ. Size and color differences alone are
not reliable specific differences in this genus.
Hosts—Thyridopterye ephemeraeformis Haworth (Lepidoptera,
Psychidae) ; Philosamia cynthia Drury, Samia cecropia (Linnaeus),
Callosamia promethea Drury, Telea polyphemus Cramer, Rothschildia
sp. (Saturniidae).
Distribution—Arizona, Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, New Jer-
sey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina,
Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin.
Trinidad, B. W. I.
SPILOCHALCIS CLORA, new species
FIGURE 9, a
This species differs only slightly from S. mariae (Riley) rede-
scribed on page 304.
Description—Female: Unknown.
Male: 3.5-4 mm. Identical with the male of S. mariae (Riley)
except in the following characters: Antennal scape narrow at base,
broadened somewhat at apex (fig. 9, a), apex only shallowly ex-
cavated, outer anterior angle rounded, rather than acutely produced,
as in S. igneoides (Kirby) (fig. 8, s) or S. mariae (Riley) (fig. 8, ¢) ;
pedicel cylindrical, three-fourths the length of segment 4, ring seg-
ment one-half the length of 4, segments 5 to 10 equal in length, only
slightly longer than wide, last three segments slightly shorter than
10; width of malar space three-fourths the height of compound eye;
frontogenal suture slightly curved; combined widths of compound
eyes one-sixth to one-fifth wider than interocular space at level of
antennal bases; diameter of posterior ocellus one-half the interocellar
width; outer surface of metafemur slightly reticulated near dorsal
margin, glabrous ventrad, ventral margin with 16 to 18 minute,
closely set teeth; inner tooth lacking; petiole twice as long as wide,
basal Jamina narrow, lateral carinae present only near base; gaster
equal in length to metafemur.
Type locality.—Texas.
Types.—Holotype, male, College Station, Tex., September, Banks;
paratypes, Mission, Tex., December 5, 1910, 2 males; Scott County,
Ark., August 23, 1928, R. H. Beamer, 1 male. Holotype deposited
in the U. S. National Museum, two paratypes in Illinois State
Natural History Survey collection, one paratype in Kansas State
College, Manhattan, Kans.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 307
A good series of material from the Southwestern States is needed
so that it will be possible to associate the females of this species with
these males.
Host—Unknown.
SPILOCHALCIS PHAIS, new species
FIGureE 9, 0
This species differs only slightly from S. mariae (Riley) redescribed
on page 304.
Description—Female: 5-6.5 mm. Except for the characters men-
tioned in key above, identical with female of S. mariae.
Male: 4-5 mm. Identical with the male of S. mariae, except ir.
the following characters: Anteromesal margin of antennal scape only
slightly sinuate near apex (fig. 9, 6), not strongly incised as in S.
igneoides (Kirby) (fig. 8, s) or S. mariae (fig. 8, ¢), scape broadened
from base to apex, apex deeply excavated, outer anterior apex
rounded, rather than acutely produced, as in S. mariae (fig. 8, ¢);
pedicel cylindrical, two-thirds the length of segment 4, ring segment
one-quarter the length of segment 4, segments 5 to 10 equal, somewhat
variable, usually longer than wide, last three segments slightly shorter
than 10; width of malar space three-tenths the height of compound
eye; frontogenal suture slightly curved; combined widths of com-
pound eyes equal to or slightly greater than interocular space at level
of antennal bases; diameter of posterior ocellus one-half the width
of interocellar space; outer surface of metafemur glabrous, ventral
margin provided with 12 to 18 minute, closely set teeth; petiole
slightly less than twice as long as wide, basal lamina narrow, lateral
carinae wanting; gaster slightly longer than metafemur.
Type locality.—Texas.
Types.—Holotype, male, Brownsville, Tex., May 1921, J. C. Brid-
well; paratypes, Brownsville, Tex., May 1921, J. C. Bridwell, 1 male,
C. H. T. Townsend, 409, 1 male, Victoria, Tex., 1 male, Maverick
County, Tex., December 29, 1915, J. D. Mitchell, 1 male. All types
deposited in the U. S. National Museum.
Host.—The specimen collected by J. D. Mitchell in Maverick
County, Tex., was reared from the pupa of a moth probably belong-
ing to the family Ceratocampidae, although this host pupa is too
poorly preserved to be identified accurately.
The xanthostigma Group
The xanthostigma group includes the genotype of Spilochalcis.
Most of the species of Spilochalcis described from India and Africa are
also apparently referable to this group. All the species of this group
are rather rare, but most of them are widely distributed.
308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
Aside from the short antennal scape, this group is recognized by the
stout flagellum and the head being, when viewed from the dorsal
aspect, nearly one-half as long as wide. The vertex is broadly rounded
so that the anterior ocellus is directed somewhat dorsad rather than
in the usual anterior direction; the thorax is, in all but one species in
this area, quite compact and broad (fig. 10, ¢). The teeth of the
metafemora are invariably minute and closely set, and the basal tooth
is usually no larger than the following ones.
KEY TO SPECIES OF THE XANTHOSTIGMA GROUP
1. Female, ninth abdominal sternite concealed, antennal scape
SION Cer Sis ee ae Se Re ee 2
Male, ninth abdominal sternite exposed, aiteinel scape broad___--_-—_—_ 10
2. Abdomen greatly elongated, acuminate, dorsal length of epi-
pygium twice as great as length of eighth tergite-________ tanais (p. 309)
Abdomen short, dorsal length of epipygium equal to or slightly
lessithanplenethvot eighthvtersite 222 a ee ee eee 3
SS Vetta nd ible swath wt ee mite bby eee eee ec juxta (p. 311)
ett Mandible. watt wee tse ea ee 4
4, Interantennal projection with a thin, conspicuously projecting
hated a Lovie | key eayh abe (Sy Ssh ats OF pal (9/77) ee nee Sa ye areana (p. 313)
Interantennal projection either smooth or with a minute anterior
ETRE MN ak Ane ASE) EE EN iL OU IR Le ele 5
5. Dorsum of pronotum with a distinct anterior carina (fig. 10, c¢) _-__--_-- 6
Dorsum of pronotum acarinate at anterior margin____________________ *¢
6. Petiole less than twice as long as wide_____________________ apaiis (p. 315)
Petiole three times as long as wide__________--_----_-_-__ melana (p. 316)
7. Outer dorsal surface of metacoxa glabrous___+_--~-_-----_ -----.--_-- 8
Outer dorsal surface of metacoxa shagreened_-___--_--__--~-_--_--___- 9
8. Lateral ocelli almost contiguous with compound eyes_-_-- pallens (p. 819)
Lateral ocelli separated from margins of compound eyes by a
space at least equal to diameter of ocellus_______-______ xantha (p. 320)
9. Width of space between posterior ocellus and margin of com-
pound eye less than diameter of posterior ocellus______ odontotae (p. 321)
Width of space between posterior ocellus and margin of com-
pound eye greater than diameter of posterior ocellus_ subobsoleta (p. 328)
10. Thorax elongate, slender (fig. 10, 6), width of posterior margin
of mesopraescutum two-fifths its length_-.______-________ tanais (p. 309)
Thorax short, compact (fig. 10, c), width of posterior margin of
mesopraescutum\one-halt 1tstlenath=2ass eee ee eee 11
ii siwvett mandipleiwithsthree teeth2oet sats ees ee eee juxta (p. 311)
Left mandibles withitw 0) tee tea fo ele ee ee 12
12. Interantennal projection with a thin, conspicuously projecting
CNTR CO TebaMbersy, (BIS; 0c ae 7 (7 /) | i ee arcana (p. 3138)
Interantennal projection either smooth or with a minute carina__-___-_--~~- 13
13 7Outer, Gorsalssurfaceiot metacoxarelaprouss2 == ee 14
Outer dorsal surface of metacoxa shagreened___---__________--______-- 15
14. Lateral ocelli almost contiguous with compound eyes__---__ pallens (p. 319)
Lateral ocelli separated from margins of compound eyes by a
space at least equal to diameter of ocellus_-_-_______-____- lecta (p. 317)
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 309
15. Anterior dorsal margin of pronotum with a transverse carina
(iS WO Ss) sw te he Eee el ah melana (p. 316)
Anterior dorsal margin’ of pronotum) acarinate=—— = 22s era ee 16
16. Width of space between posterior ocellus and margin of com-
pound eye one-third diameter of posterior ocellus______ odontotae (p. 321)
Width of space between posterior ocellus and margin of com-
pound eye equal to or slightly greater than diameter of pos-
TOTO, (OCT esa a eS a el Me hr at eee ee ee Ang
17. Frontal tentorial pits located near bases of antennae; dorsum of
thorax blackj with) yellowispots= a2) 25222 2s 22s subobsoleta (p. 323)
Frontal tentorial pits located midway between antennal bases
and anterior margins of compound eyes; dorsum of thorax
entirely (Dlack st Pees aie i ee eu ee ee pallipes (p. 825)
SPILOCHALCIS TANAIS, new species
Ficures 9, c; 10, b
In having the antennal scape short, the flagellum stout, and the
vertex broadly rounded, this species agrees with S. subobsoleta (Cres-
son) but differs in having the scrobe cavity shallow, the body elongate
rather than compact, the abdomen of the female acuminate instead
of semiglobose, the mesopraescutum as long as wide at the widest
point (fig. 10, 6), not wider than long (fig. 10, ¢), and the metafemora
rather narrow instead of semiglobose.
Description—Yellow with variable brown and black markings.
The following areas usually brown: Apices of mandibles, areas of
frons just cephalad of ocelli, occiput, mesal and two lateral spots on
dorsum of pronotum, all but lateral margins of mesoscutum and
praescutum, axillae except mesal angles, mesal area of mesoscutellum,
most of ventral and lateral areas of thorax, metacoxae, and meta-
femora except basal, apical, and dorsal spots, lateral margins and
meson of propodeum, and transverse dorsal stripe on each segment of
gaster. The following parts usually black: Mesal stripe between
posterior ocelli, occiput near cervicum, longitudinal mesal stripe on
mesopraescutum and scutellum, variable marks on pleura, cephalo-
ventral angle of metepisternum, small area ventrad of propodeal
spiracles, transverse stripes on eighth tergite and base of epipygium,
and apex of ovipositor sheath.
Female: 4-6 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching level
of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel three-quarters and ring
segment one-quarter length of segment 4, segment 5 slightly shorter
than 4, segments 5 to 10 decreasing progressively in length, so that 10
is one-quarter shorter than 4, 11 and 12 variable, usually equal to 10,
13 one-half or less length of 10; scrobe cavity shallow, edge carinate
only at ventral margin; interantennal projection with a minute dorsal
carina; frons pitted lateral to scrobe cavity and on narrow lateral
areas ventrad of antennal bases, elsewhere minutely reticulated, uni-
310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
formly but sparsely covered by rather long setae; frontal tentorial
pits located slightly ventrad and laterad of antennal bases; width of
malar space slightly less than one-third height of compound eye;
frontogenal suture almost straight; combined widths of compound
eyes almost equal to interocular width at level of antennal bases;
left mandible with two teeth, right with three; diameter of posterior
ocellus three-sevenths interocellar width.
Dorsum of thorax shallowly and irregularly pitted, punctures lack-
ing along anterior margin of mesopraescutum, areas between pits
minutely reticulated; pubescence long, dense at posterior margin of
pronotum, on meson and at posterior margin of mesopraescutum,
parapsidal furrows, and lateral margins of mesoscutellum; antero-
lateral angles of pronotum slightly carinate, anterior dorsal margin
with a minute carina which is interrupted on mesal one-third; pa-
rapsidal furrows distinct; only a small triangular area of prepectus
visible at anterolateral angles of mesoscutum; mesoscutellum with a
very narrow apical lamina; metepisternum thickly punctured and
densely covered by long setae; metacoxa almost glabrous on outer
dorsal and inner surfaces, elsewhere shallowly punctured and setose;
metafemur with outer surface minutely reticulated, densely covered
by short setae; outer ventral margin with 12 to 15 small teeth, basal
one slightly larger than others; blunt inner tooth present.
Propodeum with strong mesal and apical carinae, elsewhere mi-
nutely shagreened, a small tooth present at each posterolateral angle,
spiracular openings vertical; petiole short, only one and one-half
times as long as wide, dorsal surface glabrous, basal lamina narrow,
short lateral carinae present near base; gaster one-fourth to one-
third longer than metafemur, abdominal segments 5 to 7 each with
a pair of lateral patches of setae, segments 4 to 7 each with a double
row of setae on dorsal surface; eighth tergite minutely reticulated,
covered by rather long pubescence, spiracular openings round; epi-
pygium conspicuously setose, cerci oval, situated near posterior mar-
gin of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheaths with dense, short,
ventral setae.
Male: 4mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, ¢) slightly shorter than in
female; width of malar space one-third height of compound eye;
combined widths of compound eyes equal to interocular space; inner
tooth of metafemur small, obscure; petiole twice as long as wide.
Type locality.—California.
Types.—Holotype, female, Saticoy, Calif., November 29, 1930, ex
Gnorimoschema sp. pupa on Solanum; allotype, male, Childress, Tex.,
September 9, 1908, ex Gnorimoschema sp. pupa from stem of Polyg-
onum pennsylvanicum, Hunter No. 1082, E. S. Tucker; paratypes,
Brownsville, Tex., November 19, 1911, in pasture in southern Texas
gardens, 1 female, November 23, 1910, sweeping on Indian Plains,
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 311
1 female. Holotype and allotype deposited in the U. S. National
Museum; paratypes deposited in Illinois State Natural History
Survey collection.
Host.—Gnorimoschema sp. (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae).
SPILOCHALCIS JUXTA (Cresson)
Fiagures 7, 9; 9, d
Smicra juzta Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 54, 1872.—-Camerron,
Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 87, 1884—Howakrp,
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885—Datzia Torre, Catalogus
hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 378, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum,
fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.—Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75,
1916.
Spilochalcis nigropleuralis ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 486, 1904.—
ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 40, 1909.
This compact species 1s most readily recognized by its rounded
head, which is one-half as long as wide when viewed from the dorsal
aspect, the stout antennal flagellum, and the strong lamina projecting
cephalad from the interantennal projection (fig. 7, ).
Description—Yellow with black markings; antennal flagellum
dark brown, the three apical segments usually red; occipital area of
head, all but lateral margins of mesopraescutum and lobes of meso-
scutum, anterior basal areas of axillae, mesal longitudinal stripe of
mesoscutellum, apices of metacoxae, small basal, apical, and ventral
rectangular marks on outer side of metafemur, most of propodeum,
entire petiole, and most of gaster, black.
Female: 4.5-5 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite attaining
level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel four-fifths and
ring segment one-fifth length of segment 4, 4 to 10 equal in length,
11, 12, and 13 shorter, their combined lengths one-fifth less than
length of segments 9 and 10; scrobe cavity deep, edge carinate only
at ventral margin; interantennal projection provided with a con-
spicuous anterior lamina (fig. 7, g); frons with area between scrobe
cavity and compound eyes somewhat produced cephalad, surface of
frons densely punctured except immediately dorsad of clypeus;
frontal tentorial pits usually obscure, located at level of ventral
margin of scrobe cavity; malar space one-third height of compound
eye; frontogenal suture extending in a low arc from compound eye
to mandible, a strong secondary carina extending from point near
dorsal articulation of mandible to posterior margin of compound
eye; combined widths of compound eyes equal to interocular space
at level of antennal bases; left mandible with three nearly equal
teeth, right mandible with three teeth, ventral one largest; diameter
of posterior ocellus three-fourths width of interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax coarsely punctate, spaces between punctures nar-
row, minutely reticulated; pubescence long, generally sparse on meson
312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
of dorsal area; anterolateral margins of pronotum strongly carinate;
anterior dorsal carina interrupted on mesal one-fifth; prepectus nar-
row, tongue-shaped, extending to tegula; anterior margin of mesoscu-
tellum with a minute mesal notch, apex of mesoscutellum with a nar-
row, mesally depressed Jamina; metepisternum strongly punctured,
pubescence long and dense; metacoxa rather squarely truncate at base,
surface glabrous, provided with sparse, short pubescence on ventral
side; outer surface of metafemur densely covered by short pubescence,
from 17 to 24 small, blunt, closely set teeth present on ventral margin;
distinct inner tooth present.
Propodeum provided with a few large carinae, two lateral areas at
base minutely shagreened, a small tooth present at each posterolateral
angle, spiracular openings nearly vertical; petiole slightly more than
twice as long as wide at widest point, basal lamina wide on ventral
side, slightly narrower on dorsal side; prominent lateral grooves
usually present; gaster slightly longer than metafemur, third abdomi-
nal segment usually as long as all following segments combined, lateral
row of setae usually present only on segment 4, although some speci-
mens have a few lateral setae on segment 6 or 7; eighth tergite minutely
reticulated, sparsely pubescent; spiracular openings minute, round;
cerci oval, located near posterior margin of epipygium and provided
with five to seven long setae; apices of ovipositor sheaths with a few
ventral setae.
Male: 44.5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, @) stout; combined widths
of compound eyes one-third less than width of interocular space at
level of antennal bases; petiole two and one-half times as long as wide.
Type. locality —Mexico.
Types.—Holotype, female, 1808.1; paratype, 1808.2: Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Synonym: nigropleuralis Ash-
mead, H. H. Smith collection, Carnegie Museum.
The types of nigropleuralis Ashmead differ very slightly from those
of S. jueta Cresson in the distinctness of the carinae of the genae.
The available material shows this difference to intergrade.
Host—Unknown.
Distribution—I.unors: Monticello, June 11, 1934, Frison and
DeLong, 1 male. Kansas: Atchison County, July 11, 1924, R. H.
Beamer, 1 male. Maryianp: Cabin John, September 2, 1914, R. C.
Shannon, 1 female. Texas: Brownsville, February 8, 1926, P. A. Glick,
1 male.
Mexico: Sumichrast, 2 females (holotype and paratype); Mata-
moros, August 10-12, 1903, W. L. Tower, 1 female, 1 male.
Trrniwap, B. W. I.:1 female, 1 male (cotypes of négropleuralis Ash-
mead).
Braz: Chapada, 1 female (cotype of nigroplewralis Ashmead).
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 313
SPILOCHALCIS ARCANA (Cresson)
FIGuRE 9, e
Smicra arcana CrEsson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 44, 1872—How arp,
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 33, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the
families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p.
233, 1887.—DaLia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 373, 1898.—
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.—CrEsson, The
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916.
Smicra encausta Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 46, 1872.—
‘-Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis
of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico,
p. 233, 1887.—Datua Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 376, 1898.—
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.—CrEsson, The
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916.
This usually red or orange species is most easily recognized by its
compact form, short antennal scape and stout flagellum, very broad
anterolateral carina of the pronotum, prominent anterior lamina on
the interantennal projection, and the semiglobose metafemora with
18 or more small, closely set teeth, the basal one of which is acute.
Description.—Red, orange, or yellow with broad black marks;
vertex and occiput, mesopraescutum except two wedge-shaped lateral
marks, lobes of mesoscutum except anterolateral angles, axillae, nar-
row longitudinal mesal and short apical marks on mesoscutellum,
metacoxae except small dorsal stripe, central and small apical spots
on outer side of metafemur, entire propodeum, petiole, and gaster,
except bases of third and fourth segments, black.
Female: 4-5 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching level
of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel four-fifths and ring seg-
ment two-fifths length of segment 4, 5 slightly shorter than 4, 5 to 11
almost equal in length, 12 and 13 combined only slightly longer than
11; scrobe cavity deep, edge carinate at ventral margin; interantennal
projection provided with a strong anterior lamina; frons deeply and
closely punctured, punctures tending to coalesce so as to form irreg-
ular transverse and oblique carinae, frontal tentorial pits located just
laterodorsad of antennal bases; width of malar space slightly less
than one-half height of compound eye; frontogenal suture extending,
for one-fourth its length, ventrad from compound eye, then curved
abruptly toward mandible, genal area caudad of suture with three
or four irregular transverse carinae; combined widths of compound
eyes two-thirds interocular width at level of antennal bases; left
mandible with two rather blunt teeth, right mandible with three
acute teeth, ventral one largest; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly
less than one-half interocellar width.
314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
Dorsum of thorax deeply and thickly punctured, areas between
punctures minutely reticulated; pubescence mostly short, but longer
at posterior margins of pronotum and mesopraescutum; anterolat-
eral angles of pronotum with a wide lamina, anterior dorsal carina
interrupted on mesal one-fifth ; parapsidal furrows nearly obliterated ;
prepectus narrow, its apex slightly overlapping anterior apex of
tegula; mesoscutellum provided with a narrow apical lamina; met-
episternum densely and deeply punctured, sparsely covered by long,
slender setae; metacoxa stout, outer dorsal area glabrous or very
nearly so, ventral and lateral areas provided with setae and large
punctures; outer surface of metafemora densely covered by short
pubescence, ventral margin with 19 to 24 small, acute, closely set
teeth, basal one slightly larger and acute; inner tooth varying from
acute to blunt; metatibia with apex acute.
Propodeum covered by strong, rather irregular carinae, a minute
tooth present at each posterolateral angle, spiracular openings nearly
vertical; petiole short, glabrous on dorsal side, minutely reticulated
on lateral side near base, basal lamina narrow; gaster somewhat
compressed, usually slightly smaller than metafemur, third abdom-
inal segment usually occupying half or more total length of gaster,
abdominal segments 4 to 7 with sparse lateral setae at posterior mar-
gins; eighth tergite minutely pitted and reticulated, sparsely covered
by long setae, spiracular openings round; cerci small, almost round,
located midway between anterior and posterior margins of epipygium;
ovipositor sheaths provided with sparse, short ventral setae.
Male: 4.5-5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, ¢) short and stout; com-
bined widths of compound eyes one-half interocular space at level of
antennal bases; inner tooth of metafemur sharp; petiole slightly more
than twice as long as wide.
Type locality —Delaware.
Types.—Holotype, male, 1786, Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia. The female was described as Smicra encausta Cresson,
from Colorado; type, 1789, Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia.
The species S. encausta Cresson was originally stated to be de-
scribed from a male, but the type is a female; it differs from the
type of S. arcana only in having the anterolateral lamina of the
pronotum slightly narrower, but is otherwise identical in structure
(except in primary and secondary sexual characters), although some-
what darker in color. Neither of these differences is of specific value.
Host—Unknown.
Distribution—Alabama, Colorado, Delaware, Illinois, Manitoba,
Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 315
SPILOCHALCIS APAIIS, new species
Ficure 10, c
In having the antennal scape short and the flagellum stout, while
the head, from the dorsal aspect, is almost one-half as long as wide,
this species agrees with S. juata (Cresson) but differs in that the
left mandible has only two teeth instead of three, the dorsum of the
thorax is flattened, and the metacoxae and femora are minutely
shagreened instead of glabrous.
Description Black; the following areas yellow: Frons laterad
of scrobe cavity, genae, dorsal meson of pronotum, lateral margins of
mesopraescutum and mesoscutum, mesal angles of axillae, basal and
lateral margins of mesoscutellum, apices of profemora and meta-
femora, all tibiae and tarsi, and subapical spot on outer ventral margin
of metafemora; the following areas orange: Scape, pedicel, and seg-
ments 3 to 5 of antennae, narrow band across vertex, dorsolateral
areas of pronotum, anteromesal areas of mesopraescutum, small mesal
spots on lobes of mesoscutum, subbasal area of mesoscutellum, outer
dorsal side of metacoxae, outer surface of metafemora, apex of
propodeum, and transverse dorsal stripes on abdominal segments
3 and 4.
Female: 2.5-3 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching
level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel one-third longer
than segment 4, ring segment one-sixth length of pedicel, segment 9
one-fifth longer than 4 and slightly longer than 6, 6 to 11 equal, 12
and 13 slightly shorter; scrobe cavity deep, and inconspicuous carina
present on ventral half of each lateral margin, a short transverse
carina present in scrobe cavity Just ventrad of anterior ocellus; inter-
antennal projection strongly produced cephalad but without a carina
or lamina, frons deeply and densely pitted on area laterad of scrobe
cavity, scatteringly punctured on lateral areas ventrad of antennal
bases, impunctate on meson, pubescence long, scattered; frontal ten-
torial pits located just laterad of antennal bases; width of malar space
one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal suture slightly arced,
almost straight; combined widths of compound eyes four-fifths or
slightly more width of interocular space at level of antennal bases;
left mandible with two teeth, right with three; width of interocellar
space two and two-fifths times the diameter of posterior ocellus; head,
from dorsal aspect, slightly less than one-half as long as wide.
Dorsum of thorax (fig. 10, ¢) flattened, thickly covered with shal-
low, irregular punctures, area at anterior margin of mesopraescutum
not punctured but shagreened; pubescence long, white or yellow ;
anterolateral angles of pronotum carinate, carina of anterior dorsal
margin interrupted on mesal one-third; parapsidal furrows distinct ;
prepectus narrow, just reaching tegula; apex of mesoscutellum with
316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 88
a narrow flange, which is only slightly depressed on meson; metepi-
sternum with large, deep pits, pubescence long, sparse; metacoxa
minutely shagreened on outer dorsal side, ventral side with short
setae; outer surface of metafemora densely covered with short setae,
15-25 small, acute teeth present on ventral margin; inner tooth acute.
Propodeum provided with strong mesal and apical carinae, two
basolateral areas more weakly and irregularly carinate, areas between
carinae minutely reticulated, spiracular openings slightly slanted
laterad, propodeum with a small projection at each posterolateral
angle; petiole slightly less than twice as long as wide, all exposed
surfaces with minute shagreening and short carinae, basal lamina
narrow, interrupted at dorsolateral angles, lateral carinae present ;
gaster slightly longer than metafemur, abdominal tergites 4 to 7
with sparse lateral setae; eighth tergite minutely reticulated, sparsely
setose, spiracular openings round; cerci oval, located midway between
anterior and posterior margins of epipygium; apex of ovipositor
sheath with a few short setae.
Male: Unknown.
Type locality.—Texas.
Types.—Holotype, female, Brownsville, Tex., May 26, 1919, C.
Heinrich; paratypes, same data as holotype, 4 females. All types
deposited in the U. S. National Museum.
Host.—Unidentified microlepidopteron on Lantana horrida.
SPILOCHALCIS MELANA, new species
FIGURE 9, g
This minute, black species bears a superficial resemblance to S. side
(Walker), but the presence of a frontogenal suture in S. melana will
separate them at once. This species is structurally close to S. apaiis,
described above, in having the scape short, head broadly rounded,
anterior margin of pronotum carinate, and the thorax broad and
somewhat flattened (as in fig. 10, ¢) ; it differs in being almost entirely
black instead of varicolored, having the petiole three times as long
as wide (rather than only twice as long as wide), and having a
minute carina on the interantennal projection.
Description.—Black; mandibles, antennal scape, protibiae, meso-
tibiae, and all tarsi, yellow. Conspicuously covered with long, white
setae.
Female: 2 mm. Apex of antennal scape not reaching level of
ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel one and one-half and ring
segment one-third length of segment 4, segments 5 to 10 equal, as
wide as long, last three slightly shorter; scrobe cavity shallow, al-
most glabrous, lateral margins irregular; interantennal projection
with a minute anterior carina; combined widths of compound eyes
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 317
five-sevenths interocular space at level of antennal bases; width of
malar space one-third height of compound eye; diameter of posterior
ocellus slightly more than one-third interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax deeply and irregularly pitted, the pits tending
to coalesce; anterolateral angles of pronotum carinate, anterior dor-
sal carina rather irregular, interrupted on mesal one-quarter; parap-
sidal furrows distinct; prepectus not quite reaching tegula; apical
lamina of mesoscutellum not depressed on meson; metepisternum
provided with large punctures except at posteroventral angle; meta-
coxa shagreened on outer dorsal surface, pitted and setose elsewhere ;
outer surface of metafemur shagreened and densely covered with
rather long setae, outer ventral margin with 20 to 22 teeth, the basal
one larger than others; sharp inner tooth present.
Propodeum coarsely carinate, areas between carinae minutely
reticulated, lateral teeth lacking, spiracles vertical; petiole three
times as long as wide, surface minutely shagreened, lateral carinae
present, basal lamina much wider on ventral than on dorsal side;
gaster longer than metafemur, tergites 3 and 4 glabrous, their com-
bined lengths greater than following ones combined, tergites 5 to 8
minutely shagreened, lateral setae present on tergites 4 to 7; eighth
tergite uniformly covered with long setae, spiracles oval ; cerci large,
oval, provided with fine long setae and located near posterior mar-
gin of epipygium; a patch of long, stiff setae ventrolaterad of each
cercus.
Male: 2mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, g) broad and stout; width
of malar space slightly more than one-third height of compound eye;
combined widths of compound eyes equal to width of interocular
space at level of antennal bases; diameter of posterior ocellus two-
fifths interocellar space; petiole three times as long as wide.
Type locality. —Ulinois.
Types—Holotype, female, Dixon Springs, Ul., July 9, 1935, De-
Long and Ross; allotype, male, Falls Church, Va., July 11, 1920,
E. A. Chapin; paratypes, Oswego, N. Y., July 1, 1897, 1 male, Cham-
paign, Ill., July 2, 1890, Hart and Marten, 1 female. Holotype and
one paratype deposited in Illinois State Natural History Survey
collection; allotype and one paratype in the U. S. National Museum.
Host.—Unknown.
SPILOCHALCIS LECTA (Cresson)
FIcurE 9, f
Smicra lecta Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 44, 1872.—CAMERON,
Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 94, 1884——Howarp,
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—Datra Torre, Catalogus
hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 878, 1898—-ScCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insec-
torum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.—CrEsson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera,
p. 75, 1916.
188858—40——6
318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
This species is most easily recognized by the head, from the dorsal
aspect, being one-half as long as wide, with the scrobe cavity deep,
the metacoxa with a completely glabrous outer dorsal surface, the
abdominal petiole short, and the abdomen rather strongly compressed.
S. lecta is quite similar in structure to the genotype, and apparently
also to S. indica Mani, recently described from India.**
Description.—Black with large yellow spots; anterior and meso-
legs, frons, two large anterolateral areas of dorsum of pronotum,
broad anterolateral spots of mesopraescutum, tegulae, all of meso-
scutellum except narrow apical band, metatrochanters and meta-
femora except variable spots on outer surface, yellow.
Female: Unknown.
Male: 4.5-5.5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, f) with apex not quite
reaching level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel slightly
longer than segment 4, ring segment one-half length of pedicel,
segment 5 slightly shorter than 4, segments 5 to 10 equal, 11 and 12
slightly shorter than 10, 18 equal to 10; scrobe cavity deep, edge
carinate at ventral and dorsal margins, dorsal carina located just
ventral to anterior ocellus; interantennal projection with a minute
dorsal carina; frons deeply but scatteringly punctured laterad of
scrobe cavity, ventrad of antennal bases a few irregular transverse
carinae present, area laterad of scrobe cavity slightly produced
cephalad; frontal tentorial pits located just laterad of antennal
bases, slightly above level of ventral margin of scrobe cavity; width
of malar space one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal
suture arced; genal area posterior to suture with rather indistinct
oblique rows of large punctures; combined widths of compound eyes
slightly less than interocular width at level of antennal bases; left
mandible with two acute teeth, ventral one larger, right mandible
with three teeth somewhat blunted at apex, ventral one largest;
diameter of posterior ocellus slightly less than one-half interocellar
space; head, when viewed from dorsal aspect, slightly greater than
one-half as long as wide.
Dorsum of thorax densely and deeply pitted, areas between punc-
tures minutely reticulated; pubescence mostly short, longer at poste-
rior margins of pronotum and mesoscutellum; anterolateral angles of
pronotum weakly carinate, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; parap-
sidal furrows obscure; prepectus narrow, tonguelike, reaching tegula;
apex of mesoscutellum provided with a very narrow, mesally depressed
lamina; metepisternum strongly and densely punctured, spaces be-
tween punctures glabrous, pubescence long and fine; metacoxae gla-
brous on outer dorsal surface, elsewhere minutely, scatteringly punc-
tured and setose; metafemora globose, outer surface minutely reticu-
16 Ree. Indian Mus., vol. 37, p. 252, 1935.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 319
lated, densely covered by short setae, ventral margin with 18 to 25
small, closely set teeth, the basal one rounded (as in fig. 12, /) ; inner
tooth distinct, blunt.
Propodeum covered with irregular, strong carinae, areas between
carinae minutely reticulated, spiracular openings, almost vertical, no
lateral propodeal projections present; petiole short, slightly less than
twice as long as wide, glabrous on dorsal side, minutely reticulated
on lateral and ventral sides, basal lamina narrow, interrupted at
dorsolateral angles, distinct lateral carinae present, usually extending
from base to apex but sometimes obliterated near apex; gaster com-
pressed, slightly shorter than metafemur, abdominal tergites 4 to 7
with a few lateral setae, eighth tergite minutely shagreened, sparsely
setose, spiracular openings oval; cerci large, oval, located near pos-
terior margin of ninth tergite.
Type locality —Mexico.
Types.—Holotype, male, 1805.1; paratype, 1805.2, 1 male: Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Host—Unknown.
Distribution —Trxas: Brownsville, June, 1 male, November 22-
December 8, 1910, 5 males.
Mexico: Sumichrast, 2 males (holotype and paratype).
SPILOCHALCIS PALLENS (Cresson)
Smiera palens Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 96, 1865.
Smiera pallens Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 76, 1916.
Smicra pallens (Cresson) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—CreEsson,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 54, 1872—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr.
Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—Datxa Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol.
5, p. 880, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.
Spilochalcis pallens (Cresson) VickrRy, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 391, 1915;
Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 27, p. 189, 1925.—LuaGInBILL, U. S. Dept. Agr.
Techn. Bull. 34, p. 76, 1928.—Vickmry, U. S. Dept. Agr. Techn. Bull. 188, pp.
21, 50, 1929.
This minute, vaguely colored species is closely related to Spilochalcis
xantha, described below, in having the thorax broad, the anterior
margin of the pronotum acarinate, the head nearly one-half as long
as wide, and the vertex broadly rounded; it differs in that the dorsum
of the thorax is very coarsely (rather than lightly) punctured, the
compound eyes and posterior ocelli are almost contiguous, the abdomen
is distinctly acuminate (rather than semiglobose), and the basal tooth
of the metafemur is acute rather than rounded. S. pallens is also
slightly smaller and more vaguely marked than S. xantha.
Type locality —Cuba.
Types.—Holotype, female, 1793.1; allotype, male, 1793.3; paratypes,
1793.2, 1793.4, 2 females, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
The allotype is labeled “variety” and may eventually be shown to
represent another species.
This species is known to me only from the types, but several refer-
ences to it have appeared in the North American literature. I have
not located the material on which these records were based. Vickery
records several experiments performed with this species, and gives a
partial life history. S. pallens is, like the other members of this genus,
a pupal parasite; Vickery described the oviposition in pupae of Apan-
teles marginiventris (Cresson). The males are produced partheno-
genetically.
Hosts—Meteorus laphygmae Viereck, Rogas laphygmae Viereck,
Apanteles marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)
[Vickery].
Distribution.—Cuba, 3 females, 1 male (types).
SPILOCHALCIS XANTHA, new species
This species agrees with S. swhobsoleta (Cresson) in having the an-
tennal scape short, the flagellum stout, the head, from the dorsal aspect,
one-half as long as wide, and the basal tooth of the metafemur rounded
instead of acute. It differs from that species in having the scrobe
cavity shallow instead of deep, and the outer dorsal surface of the
metacoxa glabrous instead of shagreened. Moreover, it is almost
entirely yellow, while S. swhobsoleta is mostly black.
Description—Yellow with brown or black markings; usually an-
tennal flagellum, occiput, variable short, transverse mark at anterior
margin and longitudinal mesal stripe of mesopraescutum, anteromesal
areas of lobes of mesoscutum, anterior margins and posterolateral
angles of axillae, usually a narrow longitudinal mesal stripe on meso-
scutellum, variable marks on mesopleuron, sometimes a vague, round
mark on dorsolateral surface of metacoxae, metafemoral teeth, variable
basal stains on propodeum, usually most of gaster, black or brown.
Female: 3.54 mm. Antennal scape short, apex not quite attaining
level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel equal in length to
segment 6, ring segment with anterior margin oblique instead of
transverse so that fourth antennal segment is narrower on mesal side
than on outer side, segment 5 slightly shorter than 6, following seg-
ments somewhat variable but all subequal; scrobe cavity shallow,
margin completely acarinate; interantennal projection produced
shghtly cephalad, provided with a faint carina near apex; frons
lightly shagreened and covered by minute, slightly irregular carinae,
these reticulations transverse ventrad of antennal bases, but laterad
of scrobe cavity usually directed obliquely; frons with a few short,
scattered setae; frontal tentorial pits located at level of antennal
bases; width of malar space slightly less than one-quarter height of
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 321
compound eye; frontogenal suture straight; combined widths of com-
pound eyes three-quarters width of interocular space at level of an-
tennal bases; left mandible with two teeth, right with three; diameter
of posterior ocellus slightly less than one-half width of interocellar
space; head, from dorsal aspect, one-half as long as wide.
Dorsum of thorax shagreened and provided with scattered shallow
punctures, pubescence sparse; anterolateral angles of pronotum
weakly carinate, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; parapsidal fur-
rows distinct; prepectus narrow, apex not quite reaching tegula;
mesoscutellum with a narrow apical lamina, which is only slightly de-
pressed on meson; metepisternum provided with deep punctures,
areas between punctures glabrous; metacoxae glabrous, pubescent on
outer ventral side; metafemora minutely reticulated on outer dorsal
area, glabrous ventrad, sparsely setose, ventral margin with 16 to 20
small closely set teeth, basal one rounded (as in fig. 12, &); inner
tooth acute.
Surface of propodeum provided with small, rather irregular cari-
nae, areas between carinae minutely reticulated, spiracular openings
vertical; petiole slightly less than twice as long as wide, glabrous
on dorsal side, very lightly shagreened on ventral side, basal lamina
wide on ventral and lateral sides, wanting on dorsal side, minute
lateral carinae present; gaster usually equal to length of metafemur,
very slightly compressed ; abdominal segments 4 to 7 each with a single
sparse row of lateral setae; eighth tergite lightly shagreened, almost
glabrous, spiracular openings round; cerci large, oval, located slightly
nearer posterior than anterior margin of epipygium and provided with
three setae; apex of ovipositor sheath with a few short ventral setae.
Male: Unknown.
Type locality —Arizona.
Types.—Holotype, female, Sabino Basin, Santa Catalina Moun-
tains, Ariz., September 5, C. H. T. Townsend; paratypes, Highrolls,
N. Mex., May 31, 1902, 1 female; Sabinal, Tex., April 1910, Pierce and
Pratt, 1 female; Alice, Tex., February 27, 1909, F. C. Pratt, 1 female.
Holotype and two paratypes deposited in the U. S. National Museum;
one paratype in Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Host-——Unknown.
SPILOCHALCIS ODONTOTAE Howard
Fiauke 9, h
Spilochalcis odontotae Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 7, 1885;
Ent. Amer., vol. 1, p. 117, 1885.—-Datta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum,
vol. 5, p. 385, 1898—CHITTENDEN, Remedies for insect pests, p. 4, 1901.—
Corton, Ohio Nurs. and Orch. Insp. Bull. 7, p. 18, 1906.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT,
Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 40, 1909.—SmirH, Ann. Rep. New Jersey
State Mus. for 1909, p. 640, 1910.
S22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
Smicra odontotae (Howard) Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of
the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.
This small, dull-yellow species is most easily recognized by its
short antennal scape and stout flagellum, with the ring segment
one-half the length of segment 4, the shallow scrobe cavity, the head,
from the dorsal aspect, being one-half as long as wide, and a strong
carina on the genal area of the head, extending from the base of
the mandible to the lateral ocellus.
Description.—Dull yellow with brown markings; all dorsal sutures
of thorax, vague mesal stripe near apex of mesopraescutum, broad
irregular longitudinal mesal stripe of mesoscutellum, variable areas
on pleuron and venter, teeth of metafemur, lateral areas of propo-
deum, and transverse bands on abdominal tergites 5 to 8, brown; the
head of one female specimen is bright red, but another specimen of
the same sex has the head yellow.
Female: 3.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite attaining level
of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel one-fourth longer than
and ring segment one-half length of segment 4, segments 4 to 10
equal in length and as wide as long, last three segments slightly
shorter; scrobe cavity shallow, interantennal projection with a minute
dorsal carina; frons laterad and dorsad of scrobe cavity coarsely
punctate, area ventrad of antennal bases provided with a few ir-
regular punctures, spaces between punctures minutely reticulated;
frontal tentorial pits located near eye margins slightly dorsad of
antennal bases; width of malar space one-third height of compound
eye; frontogenal suture arced; on gena, a strong carina extends
from midpoint of base of mandible around posterior margin of com-
pound eye to posterior ocellus; combined width of compound eyes
equal to width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; left
mandible with two acute teeth, right with three; diameter of pos-
terior ocellus two-fifths interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax covered by shallow, irregular punctures, area
at anterior margin of mesopraescutum without punctures, but mi-
nutely shagreened ; pubescence long, dense, white; anterolateral angles
of pronotum minutely carinate, anterior dorsal margin acarinate;
parapsidal furrows distinct; prepectus narrow, fingerlike, not quite
reaching tegula; mesoscutellum with a narrow apical lamina; met-
episternum strongly punctured, pubescence long and dense; metacoxae
minutely shagreened, shallowly pitted and setose on outer ventral
side; metafemur rather slender, outer surface minutely reticulated,
densely covered by short setae, ventral margin with 16 to 18 small,
acute teeth, basal one slightly larger; inner tooth acute.
Propodeum provided with irregular, strong carinae, areas between
carinae almost glabrous, one small lateral projection present at each
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 323
posterolateral angle, spiracular slits almost vertical ; petiole slender,
twice as long as wide, dorsal surface minutely reticulated, almost
glabrous, basal lamina slightly wider on ventral than on dorsal side,
lateral carinae present; gaster flattened on dorsal surface, slightly
longer than metafemur, abdominal tergites 4 to 7 with long lateral
setae; eighth tergite minutely reticulated, and provided with long,
sparse setae, spiracular openings round; cerci oval, located near
posterior margin of epipygium, usually provided with three long
setae; apex of ovipositor sheath with a few long ventral setae.
Male: 3 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, 2) short, stout; malar space
slightly less than one-third height of compound eye; combined widths
of compound eyes equal to width of interocular space at level of
antennal bases; petiole two and one-half times as long as wide; gaster
shorter than metafemur.
Type locality.—Washington, D. C.
Type.—Holotype, male, 2624, U. S. National Museum.
Host-—Chalepus dorsalis Thunberg [=Odontota scutellaris (Oli-
vier)] (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae).
Distribution.—District or Corumpi1a: Washington, July 31, 1884,
3025°, 1 male (holotype); August 12, 1884, 3025°*, 1 female, 1 male,
all three specimens reared from Ohalepus dorsalis mining leaves of
Robinia pseudoacacia. Norra Carourna: Tin City, July 10, 1934,
F. S. Blanton, 1 female.
SPILOCHALCIS SUBOBSOLETA (Cresson)
Ficures 9, 1; 12, k
Smicra subobsoleta Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 42, 191,
1872.—Howarp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 36, 1885.—CrEsson,
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north
of Mexico, p. 234, 1887—Datia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5,
p. 382, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 36, 1909.—
Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 76, 1916.
Smicra bioculata Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 43, 192, 1872.—
Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 33, 1885.—ASHMEaD, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 13, p. 125, 1886.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families
and genera of the: Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—
Datta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 374, 1898.—ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 34, 1909.—CrEsson, The Cresson
types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916.
Spilochalcis bioculata (Cresson) ViERECK, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p.
184, 1906.
Smicra bioculata faceta Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 43, 1872;
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north
of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—Daria Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5,
p. 374, 1898—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 34, 1909.—
Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916.
324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
This species is most easily recognized by its compact body, with
the antennal scape short and flagellum stout, the head, from the dorsal
aspect, one-half as long as wide, the metafemora semiglobose and
with 18 or more minute ventral teeth, the basal one rounded, not acute
(fig. 12, %), and the abdomen strongly compressed.
Description.—Black with yellow markings; anterior and mesolegs,
frons, all dorsal area of pronotum except narrow mesal spot, broad,
wedge-shaped lateral spots of mesopraescutum, tegulae, lobes of
mesoscutum except variable longitudina] mesal mark, usually small
ventral spot at apex of metacoxa, basal and variable dorsal and apical
spots of metafemur, yellow; abdomen varying from black to rufous.
Female: 44.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching
level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel slightly longer
than segment 4, ring segment one-half length of pedicel, segments
4 to 11 equal in length, 12 and 18 slightly shorter; scrobe cavity deep,
edge indistinctly carinate at dorsal and ventral margins, several in-
distinct transverse carinae usually present in scrobe cavity just ven-
trad of anterior ocellus; interantennal projection with a minute dorsal
carina; deep, closely set punctures on frons lateral to scrobe cavity,
punctures scattered ventrad of antennal bases, tending to coalesce to
form irregular transverse carinae; frontal tentorial pits located just
laterad of scrobe cavity, at level of ventral margin; width of malar
space one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal suture for one-
half its length extending directly ventrad from compound eye, then
abruptly curved toward mandible; area of gena posterior to fronto-
genal suture usually with three oblique rows of large punctures; com-
bined widths of compound eyes slightly more than one-half inter-
ocular width at level of antennal bases; left mandible with two acute
teeth, the ventral one larger, right mandible with three teeth, the
middle one smallest and most blunt; diameter of posterior ocellus
slightly less than one-half interocellar width.
Dorsum of thorax densely and coarsely pitted, areas between
punctures minutely reticulated; pubescence short except at posterior
dorsal margin of pronotum and on mesoscutellum; anterolateral
angles of pronotum weakly carinate, dorsal anterior margin acarinate ;
parapsidal furrows obscure; prepectus narrow, tongue-shaped, slightly
overlapping anterior apex of tegula; apex of mesoscutellum provided
with a narrow, mesally depressed lamina; metepisternum deeply and
closely punctured; metacoxae minutely shagreened on outer dorsal
surface, strongly punctured and _ setose elsewhere; metafemora
globose, outer surface minutely reticulated, ventral margin with 18 to
26 small, closely set teeth, basal one rounded, not acute (fig. 12, &) ;
inner tooth large, usually acute; metatibia with apex acute or blunt.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 320
Propodeum thickly covered by irregular, closely set caxinae, areas
between carinae minutely reticulated, lateral propodeal projections
wanting, spiracular openings nearly vertical; petiole short, less than
twice as long as wide, minutely shagreened on dorsal] side near base,
slightly more strongly shagreened on lateral and ventral sides, basal
lamina narrow, strong lateral carinae present; gaster compressed,
usually somewhat shorter than metafemur, abdominal tergites 4 to 7
with lateral setae; eighth tergite minutely shagreened, sparsely cov-
ered by long setae, spiracular openings round; cerci oval, located
slightly nearer anterior than posterior margin of epipygium; apex of
ovipositor sheath with a dense tuft of long ventral setae.
Male: 4.5-5.5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, 7) stout, sinuate; width
of malar space one-fourth height of compound eye; combined widths
of compound eyes two-thirds width of interocular space at level of
antennal bases; inner tooth of metafemur blunt; petiole varying from
slightly more than one-third to one-half as wide as long.
Type locality—Texas.
Types.—Holotype, male, 1436, U. S. National Museum. The female
was described as Smicra bioculata Cresson, from Texas; types: 02-
oculata Cresson, 1784, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
and 1652, U. S. National Museum; dioculata faceta Cresson, 1653, U. S.
National Museum.
The types of S. subobsoleta Cresson and S. bioculata Cresson show
distinct color differences, but intermediates between the two are readily
found; they differ structurally in that béoculata has the apex of the
metatibia rather blunt, while it is acute in subobsoleta. All varia-
tions between these two extremes were found in the material secured
for study, and one specimen was found which had one tibia acute
and the other blunt. The type of S. béoculata faceta has the yellow
spots very light, but is otherwise identical with the typical form of
this species.
Host.—Unknown.
Distribution.—Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Montana,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming.
SPILOCHALCIS PALLIPES (Smith)
FIGURE 9, j
Chalcis flavipes ASHMEAD (not Panzer), Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc., Voleios ps xi
1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of
America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.
Chalcis pallipes SmirH, Ent. Amer., vol. 2, p. 19, 1886.
Chalcis pallidipes Datta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 391, 1898.
Smicra flavipes (Ashmead) Data TorkE, ibid., p. 3877.—SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.
326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
This species is known to me only from the type, a single male
specimen collected in Jacksonville, Fla., by W. H. Ashmead, and an-
other specimen collected in the same city by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Both
specimens are, unfortunately, in very poor condition, but they show
a few slight characters that serve to distinguish them from S. sub-
obsoleta (Cresson), which they closely resemble. Larger series of
specimens will probably show that these differences are not of specific
value, but, as no intergrades have as yet been found, it is better to
consider these specimens as representatives of a distinct species.
Description —Male: 3.5 mm. Identical in all respects with the
male of S. subobsoleta (Cresson) except in the following particulars:
Dorsum of thorax entirely black, without any color spots; antennal
scape (fig. 9, 7) short and stout; frontal tentorial pits located at level
of ventral margin of scrobe cavity, midway between antennal bases
and anterior margins of compound eyes; width of malar space slightly
less than one-third height of compound eye; area of gena caudad of
frontogenal suture provided with short, irregular carinae and minute
reticulations; combined widths of compound eyes three-fourths width
of interocular space at level of compound eyes; diameter of posterior
ocellus slightly less than one-third width of interocellar space; apex
of mesoscutellum provided with a narrow lamina which is only very
slightly depressed on meson; apex of metatibia acute; no lateral pro-
jections present on propodeum; petiole one-half as long as wide,
glabrous on dorsal side.
Female: Unknown.
Type locality —F lorida.
Ty pe.—Holotype, male, 51946, U. S. National Museum.
Host.—Unknown.
Distribution.—F Lora : Jacksonville, W. H. Ashmead, 1 male (holo-
type) ; Mrs. A. T. Slosson, 1 male.
The side Group
The side group of species comprises the most distinct section of the
genus Spilochalcis. 'These species are all small or minute, predom-
inantly black, and provided with small, irregular color spots. The
lack of a frontogenal suture and the malar space being almost always
one-half or more the height of the compound eye will most readily
distinguish these species, but, in addition, they always have the clypeus
nearly as long as wide, and possess an extremely shallow scrobe cavity.
All have two teeth on the left mandible and three on the right, and the
reticulations of the body are minute and irregular, with glabrous sur-
faces almost completely absent. An inner tooth is always present on
the metafemora, and the outer ventral teeth are numerous and minute.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS B21
There is invariably a row of four or six small, round colored spots
along the anterior dorsal margin of the pronotum, although these
markings are rather indistinct in some specimens.
This group is clearly related to some species of the femorata group;
several, such as S. hirtifemora (Ashmead) and S. elachis, new species,
are excluded from this group and placed in the femorata group only
by the possession of a frontogenal suture and a somewhat narrower
malar space. More than half the material of Chalcidini I have ob-
tained for study has been specimens referable to the séde group.
Some of the species in this group are parasites of insect pests, and
numerous references to them have appeared in the economic liter-
ature. It has been possible to secure for study much of the material
on which these references were based. As the types for these species
have not, so far as I know, been studied before, it is not surprising
that misidentifications should have occurred. Specific differences in
this group are much more critical than in the other groups of the
genus, and the “habitus” of all the species is quite similar.
The color pattern of all species in this group is fundamentally the
same. Hence, a generalized color description is given here for all
the species of the group. This applies, with slight discrepancies, to
all the species.
Color description.—Black with small, variable greenish-white, red,
or yellow spots: mandibles, variable spots on frons, two mesal and
four lateral spots on dorsal side of pronotum, anterolateral angles of
mesopraescutum, and scutum, large lateral spots on mesoscutellum,
variable ventral, basal, and apical spots on outer surface of meta-
femur, usually a lateral row of two to six spots on each side of gaster,
greenish white, red or yellow; abdominal segments 3 to 5 of female
often dull red. Teneral specimens are rufous instead of black.
KEY TO SPECIES OF THE SIDE GROUP
1. Male, ninth abdominal sternite exposed, antennal scape broad__--__-----~- 2
Female, ninth abdominal sternite concealed, antennal scape
NATE TO Waa, 28h Ue Oe EE ee a ee 8
2. Mesopraescutum with two rounded, impunctate anterior eleva-
Gira Ss Fhe Bia ae LB De dema (p. 3380)
Mesopraescutum with surface uniformly covered with large
punctures, surtace- not elevated] s==) 322 ee 3
8. Antennal scape extremely stout, with a prominent, darkened
anterior carina (fig. 9, 1), apex exceeding level of vertex___________--__- 4
Antennal scape more slender, without a darkened anterior car-
ina (fig. 9, m—o), apex not exceeding level of vertex_____________-_-__ 5
4. Antennae inserted dorsad of ventral margins of compound eyes,
malar space less than two-thirds height of compound eye;
basal lamina of petiole forming a 60° to 70° angle with dorsal
surface of petiole (as in fig. 13, 7) ------------_ sanguineiventris (p. 335)
328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
10.
Ja
13.
Antennae inserted on a level with ventral margins of compound
eyes, Malar space more than three-quarters height of compound
eye; basal lamina of petiole at a right angle to dorsal surface
of petiole (asin Hess ie) = ween a eee flavopicta (p. 331)
. Entire area of frons laterad and ventrad of scrobe cavity yellow
or whitish; diameter of lateral ocellus greater than width of
area between lateral ocellus and inner margin of compound
CY lace IN a i el A A leptis (p. 340)
Not haying ¢haticombinationt of Characters ee ee | 6
. A small glabrous patch present in scrobe cavity just dorsad
Of 'EAEN AUTEM Va Se eee a ae ae ele DE RS aha EY ete ee rere 7
Scrobe cavity lacking glabrous areas___________________ delumbis (p. 342)
. Frons with a circumflex-shaped yellow mark just dorsad of
mouth parts: a small dark brown or black area present just
GOLSA GEOL: Eliya ee ee Ree so ee ee albifrons (p. 339)
Entire frons ventrad of antennal bases yellow: area just dorsad
OLFC)LYPCUS YL] wees ee RE a Saye ee eae side (p. 336)
. Mesopraescutum with two round, impunctate anterior eleva-
ETO YS toe esi ANB a Sl A Ag Nae Lhe Oe da dema (p. 330)
Mesopraescutum with surface uniformly covered by large
punctures; surface mot (elevated icee ota a eee ek ee 9
. Maximum dorsal length of epipygium greater than length of
eighth tergite (ratios varying from 14:9 to 12:9)___ flavopicta (p. 331)
Maximum dorsal length of epipygium equal to or less than
length (of jeishthutengites 222002 unk ee nl Pe es Tae 10
Antennae inserted dorsad of ventral margins of compound
eyes; width of interantennal space equal to or greater than
width of space between antennal fossa and compound eye;
frons possessing a pair of vertical foveae ventrad of antennal
bases; clypeus one and one-half times as wide as long.
sanguineiventris (p. 335)
Not having that.combinationief characters2=—— = eee eee 11
Diameter of posterior ocellus greater than width of space be-
tween ocellus and margin of compound eye; antennal flagellum
dark on’ dorsal’side and light ventrad= == leptis (p. 340)
Diameter of posterior ocellus less than width of space between
ocellus and margin of compound eye; antennal flagellum
ULL POT TID pL COL Oya a ss he Ee ale Le IS 12
. Propodeum with two basolateral areas shagreened, these areas
surrounded by strong, confused carinae; coxal flange at apex
ofemetepisternum sSmooth sss 85 Paes ee ea ee 13
Propodeum entirely rugose, not having basolateral shagreened
areas; coxal flange at apex of metepisternum with two or
three minute carinae parallel with margin_____________ delumbis (p. 342)
Tergites at base of gaster rufous or red; each tergite of gaster
usually with a pair of lateral yellow spots_________-________ side (p. 336)
All abdominal tergites black; usually only basal and apical ter-
gites of gaster with lateral yellow spots__-_____________ albifrons (p. 339)
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 329
Figure 13.—Abdominal structures of Chalcidini.
a, Spilochalcis nigricornis ( Fabricius): Propodeum, dorsal aspect.
b, Spilochalcis delicata (Cresson): Propodeum, posterior aspect.
c, Spilochalcis nortoni (Cresson): Propodeum, dorsal aspect.
d, Spilochalcis zanthostigma (Dalman): Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect.
e, Chalcis myrifex (Sulzer): Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect.
f, Chalcis microgaster Say: Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect.
g, Chalcis barbara (Cresson): Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect.
h, Ceratosmicra meteori, new name: Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect.
i, Spilochalcis dema, new species: Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect.
j, Metadontia amoena (Say): Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect.
330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
SPILOCHALCIS DEMA, new species
FicuREs 9, k; 13, i; 14, i
Spilochalcis sp. MoNTGOMERY, Can. Ent., vol. 65, p. 187, 1933.
This species is most closely related to S. favopicta (Cresson), but the
female differs in that the malar space is nearly as wide as the height of
the compound eye, not one-half as wide, the thorax is wider and more
compact with two round, impunctate elevations on the mesoprae-
scutum, and the longitudinal dorsal length of the epipygium of the
female is twice as great as the length of the eighth tergite (fig.
13,7). The males of the two species differ most conspicuously in that
the male of favopicta has the antennal scape extremely large (fig. 9, 7),
while it is quite narrow in this species (fig. 9, /).
Descripti ion—Male: 3-5.5 mm. Antennae inserted at level of ventral
margins of compound eyes, apex of scape slightly exceeding level of
ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel four-fifths and ring segment
one-fifth length of segment 4, 5 equal to pedicel, segments 5 to 9 equal
in length, 10 very slightly shorter, 11 one-sixth shorter than 9, 12
and 13 equal and shorter than 11, scrobe cavity shallow, edge indis-
tinctly carinate at ventral margin; interantennal projection wide,
without an apical lamina; frons shagreened over entire surface,
sparsely covered by rather long setae; width of malar space three-
fourths height of compound eye; combined widths of compound eyes
two-thirds width of interocular space at level of apex of interantennal
projection; left mandible with two equal, acute teeth, right mandible
with three, the dorsal one slightly larger; diameter of posterior ocellus
two-fifths width of interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax minutely shagreened, provided with large pits
except on two rounded anterolateral areas of mesopraescutum; pos-
terolateral angles of pronotum produced in small, rounded projec-
tions; prepectus narrow, fingerlike, slightly overlapping anterior
apex of tegula; apex of mesoscutellum provided with a very narrow,
mesally depressed lamina; metepisternum deeply, scatteringly pitted,
areas between pits minutely shagreened, pubescence short; metacoxae
minutely shagreened over entire surface, punctured and setose except
on outer dorsal surface; metafemora globose, outer surface minutely
shagreened, thinly covered by short setae, outer ventral margin with
18 to 23 small, closely set teeth, basal one slightly larger; inner
tooth large, blunt.
Dorsal surface of propodeum strongly carinate except on two baso-
lateral areas, the latter covered by small confused reticulations, a
small apical projection present on each side of point of insertion of
petiole, spiracular slits slightly curved laterad; petiole short, only
slightly longer than wide; minutely shagreened and with distinct
lateral carinae, basal lamina narrow; gaster usually equal in length
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 331
to metafemur, abdominal tergites 4 to 7 with rows of lateral setae;
eighth tergite minutely shagreened, sparsely covered by moderately
long setae, spiracular openings round; cerci oval, located near pos-
terior margin of ninth tergite.
Type locality.—Indiana.
Types.—Holotype, female, Bedford, Ind., August 31, 1931, ex
Gelechia nundinella,; allotype, male, Bedford, Ind., September 9, 1931,
ex Gelechia nundinella; paratypes, Bedford, Ind., August 15-Septem-
ber 24, 1931, ex Gelechia nundinella, 7 females, 5 males; Lawrence
County, Ind., June 23, 1933, ex Gelechia nundinella, Musgrave, 3
females; Alamogordo, N. Mex., May 9, 1902, 1 female; Atherton, Mo.,
May 15, 1922, C. F. Adams, 1 female. Holotype, seven female and
five male paratypes deposited in the U. S. National Museum; three
paratypes in the Illinois State Natural History Survey collection;
one paratype, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and one
paratype, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans.
Host.—Gelechia nundinella Zeller (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae).
SPILOCHALCIS FLAVOPICTA (Cresson)
Ficures 7, e; 9, 1; 14, j
Smiera flavopicta Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 99, 1865.—
Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916.
Smicra flavopicta (Cresson) Watkerr, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Cres-
son, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 41, 1872—-Howarp, U. S. Dept.
Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—AsHMmeap, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol.
13, p. 125, 1886.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of Hymenop-
tera of America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887——AsHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., vol. 14, p. 183, 1887.—Datta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol.
5, p. 337, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 35, 1909.
Spilochalcis sp. Pierce, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 1, p. 382, 1908.—Prerce ET AL.,
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 100, pp. 41, 49, 1912—Hunter and Pierce,
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 114, p. 141, 1912—MiroHeLt and Prerce,
Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 13, p. 55, 1912.
Smicra delira Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 41, 191, 1872.—
ASHMEAD, ibid., vol. 12, p. x, 1885.—Howakgp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull.
5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenop-
tera of America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—Datta Torre, Catalogus
hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 375, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum,
fasc. 97, p. 34, 1909.
Spilochalcis delira (Cresson) Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 7,
1885.—VIERECK, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 82, p. 184, 1906.—Smiru, Ann.
Rep. New Jersey State Mus. for 1909, p. 649, 1910.—Bortimer, Journ. Agr.
Res., vol. 33, p. 803, 1926—CusHMan, ibid., vol. 34, p. 620, 1927.
Smicra decempunctata ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 9, p. xxrx, 1881.—
Howapgp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis
of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico,
p. 233, 1887.—Datta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 375,
1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 34, 1909.
332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
Smicra mendica Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 41, 1872.—
CaMERON, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 94, 1884.—
Howakrp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—AsuHMeEap, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 14, p. 183, 1887.—Datuia Torre, Catalogus hymenop-
terorum, vol. 5, p. 379, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase.
97, p. 35, 1909.—Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916.
This species is most easily recognized, in the female, by the longi-
tudinal dorsal length of the epipygium being one and one-half times
the length of the eighth tergite; the male has an extremely stout
antennal scape which is inserted on a level with the ventral margins
of the compound eyes, and the apex exceeds the level of the posterior
ocelli.
Description—Male: 3.5 mm. Antennae inserted on a level with
ventral margins of compound eyes (fig. 7, e), apex of scape exceeding
level of vertex, pedicel four times as long as and ring segment one-
half length of segment 4, segments 5 and 6 equal to or slightly longer
than 4, 7 to 10 progressively longer, so that 10 is one-half longer than
4, last three slightly shorter; scrobe cavity shallow, margin entirely
without carinae, or with a very indistinct ventral one, a glabrous
area just laterodorsad of each antennal base; interantennal pro-
jection broad, usually with a minute dorsal carina; frons covered by
minute reticulations over entire surface, reticulations forming vague,
minute parallel carinae on area laterad of scrobe cavity; width of
malar space three-fourths or more height of compound eye; com-
bined widths of compound eyes one-fifth less than width of inter-
ocular space at level of apex of interantennal projection; left man-
dible with two blunt teeth, right mandible with three acute teeth;
diameter of posterior ocellus slightly less than one-half width of
interocellar space.
Figure 14.—Male terminalia of Chalcidini.
a, Chalcis divisa (Walker): Ninth sternite.
b, o, Chalcis lasia, new species: b, Ninth sternite; 0, male genitalia (Oe, aedeagus;
Sag, sagitta; Sh, ovipositor sheath),
c, Chalcis neptis, new species: Ninth sternite.
d, Chalcis flebilis (Cresson): Ninth sternite.
e, Chalcis barbara (Cresson): Ninth sternite,
f, Chalcis canadensis (Cresson): Ninth sternite.
g, Chalcis microgaster Say: Ninth sternite.
h, Podagrion mantis Ashmead: Terminal abdominal segments, lateral aspect.
(C, cercus; Oe, aedeagus; Sp, spiracle.)
1, Spilochalcis dema, new species: Penis valve.
j, Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson): Penis valve.
k, Spilochalcis sanguineiventris (Cresson): Penis valve.
l, Spilochalcis side (Walker): Penis valve.
m, Spilochalcis leptis, new species: Penis valve.
n, Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson): Penis valve.
333
CHALCIDINI—BURKS
THE TRIBE
Fiaure 14.—See opposite page for explanation.
334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
Dorsum oi thorax closely and irregularly pitted, pubescence scat-
tered, fine, slightly longer and thicker at posterior margins of
mesopraescutum and axillae, and Jateral and posterior margins of ©
mesoscutellum; anterolateral and sublateral angles of pronotum pro-
duced, rounded, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; parapsidal furrows
well defined: prepectus narrow, apex blunt, extending to tegula; apex —
of mesoscutellum with a mesally depressed, narrow lamina; metepi-
sternum strongly and densely punctured, provided with only scattered
fine setae; metacoxa shagreened on outer dorsal surface, lightly pitted
and pubescent on ventral side; metafemur minutely reticulated, pro- —
vided with short pubescence, ventral margin with 18 to 22 small,
closely set teeth, the basal one slightly larger; inner tooth acute or
slightly blunted.
Propodeum strongly carinate on meson and at apex, two large,
minutely reticulated lateral areas at base, a pair of minute projections
at lateroventral angles of propodeum, spiracular openings slanting
slightly laterad: petiole twice as long as wide, entire surface
shagreened, basal lamina narrow, from lateral aspect, appearing to be
at right angles to dorsum of petiole, indistinct lateral carinae present;
abdominal segments 4 to 7 each with a pair of dorsolateral patches of
setae; eighth tergite minutely reticulated, provided with sparse, fine
setae, spiracular openings oval; cercus located near apex of ninth
tergite, usually provided with three long setae; penis valve (fig. 14, 7).
Type locality.—Cuba.
Types.—Holotype, female, 1810, Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia. The male was described as Smicra delira Cresson from
Texas; type, 1655, U. S. National Museum. Synonyms: decempune-
tata Ashmead, 51945, U. S. National Museum; mendica Cresson, 1802,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Reared materials have shown that S. favopicta Cresson, described
from Cuba, and S. delira Cresson, described from Texas, are the sexes
of the same species. The type of S. decempunctata Ashmead, de-
scribed from Florida, differs neither in color nor in structure from
the type of 8. flavopicta Cresson. The type of S. mendica Cresson, a
male from Mexico, differs from the type of S. delira Cresson only in
being slightly smaller, lighter in color, and having the darkened an-
terior carina of the antennal scape extending almost to the base,
rather than only one-half the distance from the apex to the base;
intergrades for all these characters are present in the available
material.
Hosts—Ancylis comptana Froehlich, Evetria frustrana Comstock
(Lepidoptera, Eucosmidae); Homoecosoma electellum Hulst, Acro-
basiz sp. (Pyralidae); Phalonia sp. (Phaloniidae). A single male
was found dead inside a cotton boll, along with the remains of a pupa
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 335
of Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), and
another single male was reared in Texas from an unidentified (prob-
ably dipterous) gall.
Distribution—Alabama, Arizona, California, Delaware, Florida,
Georgia, Maryland, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ore-
gon, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia.
Cuba, Mexico.
SPILOCHALCIS SANGUINEIVENTRIS (Cresson)
Ficure 14, k
Smicra sanguineiventris Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 43,
191, 1872.—Howakgp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—Cresson,
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north
of Mexico, p. 234, 1887——Datxta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5,
p. 381, 1898 —ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 36, 1909.
Spilochalcis sp. CHITTENDEN and RussELL, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 6,
p. 63, 1909.
The male of this species resembles that of S. favopicta (Cresson) in
having the antennal scape extremely large (as in fig. 9,7) with the apex
exceeding the level of the vertex, but differs in that the malar space is
less than two-thirds the height of the compound eye, the petiole has
the basal flange, from the lateral aspect, appearing to be at an angle
of 60° to 70°, not at 90°; in both flavopicta and this species, the prox-
imal, nonfused part of the penis valve is short and stout, but it is
somewhat more rounded in this species (fig. 14, 4), and the distal por-
tion is slenderer in this species than in flavopicta. The female of
sanguineiventris is the only one of the side group having the antennae
inserted dorsad of the ventral margins of the compound eyes, and the
epipygium, which is equal to or shorter than the eighth tergite, will
separate it from the female of favopicta.
Description—Male: 2.64 mm. Antennal scape stout, exceeding
level of posterior ocelli, pedicel twice as long, and ring segment one-
third as long as segment 4, segments 4 to 10 equal, last three shorter,
sutures obscured by long, moderately dense setae; scrobe cavity shal-
low, margin acarinate, a glabrous patch present just dorsolaterad
of each antennal base; width of malar space varying from three-fifths
to almost two-thirds height of compound eye; combined widths of
compound eyes three-fourths interocular space at level of apex of
interantennal projection; diameter of posterior ocellus one-third
interocellar space; width of head, from dorsal aspect, usually equal to
maximum dorsal width of thorax.
Prepectus completely concealed by projecting angle of mesoscutum:;
apex of mesoscutellum with a minute, mesally depressed lamina;
metepisternum irregularly pitted, ventral pits larger than dorsal ones;
336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
metacoxae uniformly shagreened, outer surface with shallow pits
and short pubescence; outer surface of metafemora lightly shagreened
and sparsely covered with short pubescence, ventral margin with 17 to
20 teeth, basal one slightly larger; small, blunt imner tooth present.
Propodeum shagreened, strongly carinate only laterad, a minute
tooth present at each posterolateral angle, spiracles curved laterad;
petiole two to two and one-half times as long as wide, surface sha-
greened, lateral carinae vague or wanting entirely; gaster slightly
longer than metafemur; eighth tergite sparsely setose; spiracles oval,
almost round; cerci circular or slightly oval, placed near apex of
ninth tergite; penis valve short and narrow (fig. 14, *).
Type locality.—Texas.
Type.—1658, U. S. National Museum, female.
Hosts—(?) Prodenia eridania Cramer (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) ;
Exema conspersa (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae).
Distribution —F lorida, Georgia, Texas, Virginia.
SPILOCHALCIS SIDE (Walker)
Figures 9, m; 14, 1
Smiera side Waker, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, p. 145, 1848.—Crrs-
son, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadeiphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862.
Smicra side (Walker) Waker, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Cresson,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 55, 1872.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur.
Ent. Bull. 5, p. 36, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of
the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.—DaALLA Torre,
Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 381, 1898—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 36, 1909.
Smicra torvina Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 40, 191, 1872.—
Howakrp, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 36, 1885.—ASHMEa«D, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soce., vol. 18, p. 125, 1886.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and
genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.—
DALia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 383, 1898.—SmirH, Ann.
Rep. New Jersey State Board Agr., vol. 27, suppl., p. 554, 1900.—ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 36, 1909.—CrEsson, The Cresson
types of Hymenoptera, p. 76, 1916.—CHITTENDEN, U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull.
914, p. 1, 1920—Hoveu, Virginia Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 259, p. 18, 1927.
Spilochalcis torvina (Cresson) Titus, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Hnt. Bull. &, p. 39,
1905.—VirrEck, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 32, pp. 184, 221, 227, 1906.—Snow,
Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., vol. 20, p. 129, 1907.—SmirH, Ann. Rep. New Jersey
State Mus. for 1909, p. 649, 1910.—VirrEecK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Surv. Bull. 22, p. 527, 1916—CHITTENDEN, U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 914,
p. 11, 1920.—GriRAvLt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 192, 1920.—VicKkrEsry,
Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 27, p. 189, 1925.—PrrcH and ARMSTRONG,
Ann. Rep. Quebec Soc. Prot. Plants, No. 18, p. 104, 1926——MursrEseckK and
DoHANIAN, U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 1478, p. 19, 1927.—-LucInpBiit, U. 8.
Dept. Agr. Techn. Bull. 34, p. 77, 1928—Vickrry, U. S. Dept. Agr. Techn.
Bull. 138, p. 21, 1929.—Giniespin, Maine For. Serv. Bull. 7, p. 15, 1982.—Krmrer
and Jones, California Dept. Agr. Monthly Bull. 22, p. 388, 1983.—DoNrr, Ann.
Ent. Soe. Amer., vol. 29, p. 234, 19386.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 337
Smicra tourina SmiruH, Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Catalogue of insects, p, 38, 1890.
Smicra delira CHITTENDEN, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 914, p. 11, 1920.—Hoveu,
Virginia Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 259, p. 18, 1927. (Misidentifications.)
Spilochalcis delira Vickery, Journ. Econ. Wnt., vol. 8, p. 391, 1915.—Marcn, Journ.
Agr. Res., vol. 10, p. 1, 1917.—OTAveEs and Sison, Philippine Agr. Reyv., vol. 20,
p. 251, 1927.—Vickrry, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Techn. Bull. 188, p. 32, 1929.—NertT xs,
Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 27, p. 816, 1934. (Misidentifications. )
Spilochalcis sp. UNDERHILL, Virginia State Crop Pest Comm. Quart. Bull. 6,
p. 6, 1924—CusHMa4n, Journ. Agr. Res., vol. 34, pp. 619, 622, 1927.—Finx,
ibid., vol. 44, p. 555, 1932.
This common species is most easily recognized in the male by the
broadly rounded vertex, the antennae inserted slightly dorsad of the
ventral margins of the compound eyes, with the apex of the scape
not exceeding the level of the posterior ocelli, the elongate pedicel
(fig. 9, m) and the entire frons ventrad of the antennal bases being
yellow. The female is recognized by its broadly rounded vertex, the
basolateral areas of the propodeum being shagreened rather than
carinate, and the basal tergites of the gaster rufous or red.
Description—Male: 3-4 mm. Antennae inserted slightly dorsad of
ventral margins of compound eyes, scape (fig. 9, m) not exceeding
level of posterior ocelli, pedicel always at least one and one-half times
as long as segment 4, often nearly twice as long, ring segment one-
half length of segment 4, flagellar segments variable, 4 to 7 usually
equal, 8 to 12 slightly longer, 18 equal to 7; scrobe cavity shallow,
margin acarinate, a glabrous spot present in scrobe cavity just dorsad
of each antennal base; frons minutely shagreened, provided with con-
spicuous white pubescence; interantennal projection minutely carinate;
malar space one-half height of compound eye; left mandible with two
acute teeth, right with three; combined widths of compound eyes
equal to or slightly greater than interocular width at level of antennal
bases; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly more than one-third width
of interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax shallowly and irregularly pitted, areas around
parapsidal furrows impunctate; pubescence stout, white; antero-
lateral angles of pronotum slightly produced; anterior dorsal margin
acarinate; prepectus narrow, reaching tegula; apex of mesoscutellum
provided with a narrow, mesally depressed lamina; metepisternum
shagreened, surface provided with large shallow punctures; meta-
coxae shagreened on outer dorsal side, obscurely punctured and
setose on outer ventral surface; metafemora minutely reticulated,
sparsely covered with short setae; outer ventral margin with 14 to
18 minute teeth, basal one larger and slightly blunted; small inner
tooth present.
Propodeum usually entirely without setae, a few sometimes pres-
ent at sides, surface shagreened, mesal and apical carinae present, a
minute lateral projection at each posterolateral angle, spiracular
338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
openings oblique; petiole shagreened, three to three and one-half
times as long as wide, basal lamina narrow, lateral carinae usually
wanting, sometimes vaguely indicated near base; gaster slightly
longer than metafemur; abdominal segments 4 to 7 with a few sparse
lateral setae; eighth tergite obscurely shagreened, provided with a
few slender setae; spiracles oval; cerci obovate, located near posterior
margin of ninth tergite; penis valve (fig. 14, 7).
Type locality —¥F \orida.
Type.—Holotype, female, British Museum; comparisons made by
Dr. Ch. Ferriére. Types for the synonym: torwina Cresson, 1671,
U. S. National Museum, and 1780, Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia.
As can be seen from the host list given below, this species has been
reared from a number of diverse Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and para-
sitic Hymenoptera. It has been reared as a primary and secondary
parasite. It would seem doubtful that the forms reared from ail
these hosts should belong to the same species, although they are
morphologically identical or the slight differences discernible be-
tween some specimens can be shown to intergrade. It has not been
possible as yet to rear this parasite through more than one generation,
but it may be that more successful biological studies will show that
the same forms will oviposit in all these diverse hosts. If such is
the case, the selection of a host by this species is governed solely by
the availability of that host. All the host species for S. s¢de occur
in about the same environment.
Doner *’ has given a brief life history of this species, under the name
Spilochalcis torvina (Cresson). He reared it as a rare primary pupal
parasite of Coleophora pruniella.
Hosts —Laphygma frugiperda Abbot and Smith (Lepidoptera,
Noctuidae) ; Paralechia pinifoliella Chambers, Recurvaria piceaella
Kearfott (Gelechiidae) ; Ancylis comptana Froehlich, Ancylis divisana
Walker (Eucosmidae); Choreutis silphiella Busck (Glyphiptery-
gidae) ; Plutella maculipennis Curtis (Plutellidae) ; Argyresthia thui-
ella Packard (Yponomeutidae) ; Coleophora laricella (Hiibner), Coleo-
phora malivorella Riley, Coleophora fletcherella Fernald, Coleophora
salmani Heinrich, Coleophora pruniella Clemens (Coleophoridae) ;
Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck (Lyonetidae).
Orchestes pallicornis Say, Hypera rumicis (Linnaeus), Phytono-
mus nigrirostris Fabricius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae).
Angitia plutellae Viereck, Angitia hellulae Viereck (Hymenoptera,
Ichneumonidae) ; Afezeorus versicolor (Wesmael), Apanteles militaris
(Walsh) (Braconidae).
7 Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 29, p. 234, 1936.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 339
Distribution—Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado,
Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho,
Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota,
Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York,
Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Quebec, Saskatchewan, South Da-
kota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin.
SPILOCHALCIS ALBIFRONS (Walsh)
Chalcis albifrons WALSH, Trans. Illinois State Agr. Soc., vol. 4, p. 369, 1861.—
Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 229, 1862.—Watsu, Trans.
Illinois State Agr. Soc., vol. 5, p. 483, 1865.—Ritry, 2d annual report on the
noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of Missouri, p. 52, 1870.—
WaALEER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 46, 1871.—Riry, 8th annual report on the
noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of Missouri, p. 54, 1876.—
Tuomas, 10th report of the State entomologist of Dllinois, p. 40, 1881.—
Packarp, Guide to the study of insects .. ., p. 208, 1889.
Smicra albifrons (Walsh) Cresson, Trans. Amer. Bnt. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 35, 39,
1872; Synopsis of the families and genera of Hymenoptera of America
north of Mexico, p. 283, 1887.
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) Howakgp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p.
7, 1885; U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Techn. Ser. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1897.—ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 88, 1909.—SmiruH, Ann. Rep. New Jer-
sey State Mus. for 1909, p. 649, 1910.—GrravLt, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol.
58, p. 192, 1920.—DunnMAN, Journ. Agr. Res., vol. 34, p. 154, 1927.—
LEonARD, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Mem. 101, p. 976, 1928—Wiuxson,
Florida Ent., vol. 16, p. 39, 1932; vol. 17, p. 3, 1983; Florida Agr. Exp. Stat.
Techn. Bull. 271, p. 16, 1935.
Spilochalcis torvina ancylae GrRAULT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 192, 1920.
The male of this species, while almost identical with that of Spzlo-
chalcis side (Walker), is recognized most easily by the angular
yellow mark located just dorsad of the clypeus. The female is con-
siderably darker and averages larger than the female of side. In
some cases it is impossible to distinguish the females of these two
species. ;
Desecription—Male: 2.5-3.5 mm. Identical with the male of S.
side, redescribed on p. 837, except in the following particulars: Apex
of scape reaching, but not exceeding, level of vertex; pedicel one and
one-half to one and one-quarter times as long as segment 4, ring
segment one-third as long as segment 4; diameter of posterior ocellus
one-half as great as width of interocellar space. Prepectus often en-
tirely concealed, when visible, extremely narrow and not quite touch-
ing tegula; outer ventral margin of metafemur with 11 to 16 minute
teeth. Petiole shagreened, three to four times as long as wide, lateral
carinae almost always well developed, a sparse row of long setae
usually present along each dorsolateral angle of petiole; gaster usu-
ally equal in length to metafemur, occasionally slightly shorter; penis
valve similar in form to that of S. side (fig. 14, 7), but proportionately
longer and slenderer.
340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Type locality —Ulnois.
Type.—Walsh’s type of this species is lost, but a single male speci-
men in the U. S. National Museum is labeled “Type of Chalcis
albifrons Walsh” and bears the catalog number 1530. As this speci-
men was collected 8 years after the description was published, it
cannot be Walsh’s type. Cresson redescribed this species in 1872,
but the specimens he had then very likely have been lost subsequently.
The two specimens now in the collection of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia labeled “Smcra albifrons” do not agree with
his redescription of the species. One is a female with the frons
almost entirely black; the other is a specimen of Spdlochalcis melana,
new species, described on p. 316 above. The type in the National
Museum may as well, therefore, be considered as the neotype for
this species.
Hosts—Arogalea cristifasciella Chambers (Lepidoptera, Gele-
chiidae); Aneylis comptana Froehlich, Ancylis divisana Walker,
Polychrosis viteana Clemens (Eucosmidae) ; Plutella maculipennis
Curtis (Plutellidae) ; Coleophora fletcherella Fernald, Coleophora
laricella (Hiibner), Coleophora pruniella Clemens, Coleophora salmani
Heinrich (Coleophoridae).
Bathyplectes exigua (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumoni-
dae): Apanteles atalantae (Packard), Apanteles congregatus (Say),
Apanteles grifini Viereck, Apanteles lacteicolor Viereck, Apanteles
militaris Walsh (Braconidae).
This species has been reared, undoubtedly from some ichneumonoid
primary parasites of the following moths: Plathypena scabra (Fa-
bricius) and Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haworth.
Distribution —-British Columbia, California, Colorado, Delaware,
District of Columbia, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Ken-
tucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Penn-
sylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Vir-
ginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
SPILOCHALCIS LEPTIS, new species
Ficures 9, n; 14, m
This species is closely related to Spilochaleis side (Walker) but
differs in the male in having a shorter pedicel (fig. 9,7) and the lat-
eral ocelli located very near to the inner margins of the compound
eyes, not separated by a distance greater than the diameter of the
ocellus, as in side; the male has the entire frons ventrad and laterad
of the scrobe cavity yellow or whitish; the female is difficult to sepa-
rate from the side female, but the large lateral ocelli located close to
the compound eyes, and the scrobe cavity extending to the anterior
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 341
ocellus, not ended ventrad of it, can usually be relied upon to dis-
tinguish the female of this species.
Description —Male : 2.5-3.5 mm. Antennae inserted dorsad of ven-
tral margins of compound eyes, apex of scape not quite reaching level
of posterior margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel equal to or slightly
longer than segment 4, ring segment one-third to one-fourth length
of pedicel, segments 4 to 8 equal, 9 and 10 slightly shorter, last three
combined equal in length to 7 and 8; scrobe cavity shallow; frontal
tentorial pits usually visible just laterad of antennal bases; width of
malar space two-fifths height of compound eyes; combined widths of
compound eyes slightly greater than interocular space at level of apex
of interantennal projection; posterior ocelli separated from com-
pound eyes by a distance less than diameter of ocellus; dorsal width
of head slightly less than maximum dorsal width of thorax.
Prepectus minute, reaching tegula; apex of mesoscutellum with a
minute, mesally depressed lamina; metepisternum with deep, scattered
punctures, dorsal ones slightly smaller than ventral ones; metacoxae
minutely shagreened, outer surface also shallowly and irregularly
pitted; metafemur lightly shagreened, outer surface rather densely
covered with short pubescence, ventral margin with 14 to 17 teeth,
basal one only slightly larger than others; obscure inner tooth present.
Propodeum irregularly carinate, two shagreened or minutely retic-
ulated basolateral areas present, a minute tooth present at each pos-
terolateral angle, spiracles slanting slightly laterad; petiole two and
one-half to three times as long as wide, basal lamina minute, lateral
carinae present, but rather vague; gaster equal to or slightly longer
than metafemur; eighth tergite very lightly shagreened, almost gia-
brous, sparsely setose, spiracles round; cerci oval, located near pos-
terior margin of ninth tergite; penis valve (fig. 14, m).
Type locality.—California.
Type.—Holotype, male, Lassen National Forest, Calif., July 25,
1934, R. L. Furniss; allotype, female, same data as for holotype;
paratypes, Lassen National Forest, Calif., July 25, 1934, ex Zelleria
haimbachi, R. L. Furniss, 1 female, Colorado, 5 females, 3 males,
Yerington, Nev., July 27, 1909, 3 males, Hollister, Idaho, June 10-24,
1930, D. E. Fox, 2 males, May 16—June 26, 1931, D. E. Fox, 3 females,
1 male, Tuttle, Idaho, July 14, 1931, D. E. Fox, 1 male, Kimama,
Idaho, June 22, 1931, D. E. Fox, 1 male. Holotype, allotype, and 10
paratypes deposited in the U. S. National Museum; two paratypes,
Cornell University; six paratypes, Colorado Agricultural College;
two paratypes; [linois State Natural History Survey.
Hosts. —Zelleria haimbachi Busck (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae) ;
Anecylis comptana Froehlich, Tmetocera ocellana Schiffermuller (Ku-
cosmidae) ; Cacoecia argyrospila (Walker) (Tortricidae).
342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88
Distribution.—In addition to the localities in the type series, ma-
terial has been secured from Arizona, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Mon-
tana, Utah, Texas.
SPILOCHALCIS DELUMBIS (Cresson)
FIGURES 9, 0; 14, n
Smicra delumbis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4. pp. 36, 40, 1872.—
ASHMEAD, ibid., vol. 12, p. x, 1885.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent.
Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the-
Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—DALLa TORRE,.
Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 375, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.
Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson) VierEcK, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p. 184,.
1906.—CHAMBERLIN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 35, p. 101, 1933.
Spilochaleis delumbis is separable from S. side only by critical
characters. Each of these species is, furthermore, quite variable, but
as the variation from one to the other is not quite continuous, they
had best be retained as different species. As I have seen over a thou-
sand specimens of these two species from a great many localities, the-
discontinuity between them probably will not disappear when more
material is secured. The males are usually readily separable, but the
females are to be distinguished only with difficulty.
The male of this species always has the antennae inserted on a
level with the ventral margins of the compound eyes; the pedicel is:
small and cup-shaped and considerably narrower than the flagellum..
The vertex is subacute rather than broadly rounded. Only an occa-
sional male specimen has an angular color band dorsad of the clypeus;
the interocular space is wide and the compound eyes are narrow. In
the female, the vertex is subacute, the interocular space is wide and
the eyes narrow, and the mesal projection of the eighth sternite is
acute; this last character is often difficult to see, as the tergites of
the anterior abdominal segments usually project ventrad so as to
conceal the eighth sternite.
Description—Male: 4-5 mm. Antennae inserted.on a level with
ventral margins of compound eyes, scape (fig. 9, 0) with apex reach-
ing level of dorsal margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel narrower than
flagellum, three-quarters length of segment 4, ring segment one-
quarter length of 4, 5 slightly longer than 4, segments 5 to 12 variable,
usually equal in length, 12 often appearing subdivided, 13 minute;
serobe cavity shallow, margin usually completely acarinate, some-
times with obscure lateral carinae, glabrous areas lacking; frons
irregularly and very minutely reticulated and shagreened, setae short,
rather dense over most of surface; width of malar space one-half
height of compound eye; combined widths of compound eyes one-
fifth less than interocular space; left mandible with two teeth, ventral
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 343
one larger, right mandible with three teeth; diameter of posterior
ocellus slightly less than one-half interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax shallowly and irregularly punctured, setae in-
conspicuous except at ventral margin of mesopraescutum, on lobes of
mesoscutum, axillae, and lateral margins of mesoscutellum; antero-
lateral and sublateral angles of pronotum produced and rounded, an-
terior dorsal margin acarinate; prepectus blunt at apex, reaching
tegula; mesoscutellum with a very narrow, mesally depressed apical
lamina; metacoxae strongly shagreened on outer dorsal surface,
slightly less strongly reticulated and setose elsewhere; metafemora
stout, minutely reticulated on outer surface, ventral margin with
17 to 26 minute teeth, the basal one only slightly larger than follow-
ing ones; inner tooth blunt.
Propodeum with a very few lateral setae, surface completely cov-
ered by small carinae, basolateral areas usually with somewhat irreg-
ular, oblique carinae, lateral teeth wanting, spiracular openings
slanting laterad; petiole shagreened, stout, less than twice as long as
wide, basal lamina narrow on dorsal side, distinct lateral carinae
present; gaster usually equal in length to metafemora, abdominal
seoments 3 to 6 almost glabrous on dorsal side, segment 7 faintly retic-
ulated; eighth tergite shagreened, setae short and sparse, spiracular
openings oval; ninth tergite provided with long setae, cerci oval, lo-
cated nearer posterior than anterior margin; penis valve (fig. 14, ).
Type locality—Massachusetts.
Types.—Holotype, male, 1781.1; allotype, female, 1781.2: Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Hosts.—Lema trilineata (Olivier), Lema nigrovittata (Guérin),
Chlamys plicata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae).
Distribution—Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, District
of Columbia, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachu-
setts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York,
Ohio, Texas, Virginia.
Genus CERATOSMICRA Ashmead
Ceratosmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 251, 1904.—ScCHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 30, 1909.— GAHAN and Fagan, U. 8.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 29, 1923. (Genotype, Ceratosmicra lissa, new name
‘for Ceratosmicra petiolata Ashmead, not Cresson.)
Sayiella ASHMEAD (not Dall), Mem. Carnegie Mus. vol. 1, p. 251, 1904.—
ScCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 30, 1909.
Eusayia ASHMEAD (new name for Sayiella), Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 6,
p. 126, 1904.—GaHANn and Fagan, U. 8S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 63, 1923.
Melanosmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 251, 1904.—ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 31, 1909.—GaHAN and Fagan, U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 84, 1923.
344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
Mischosmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 251, 1904—ScHMtpkr-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 31, 1909.—GAHAN and Facan, U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 90, 1923.
Description.—Antennal scape long, either attaining level of pos-
terior ocelli or markedly exceeding it; left mandible with either two
or three teeth, right mandible always with three teeth; body shal-
lowly and irregularly pitted, dorsum of thorax often partly glabrous;
pubescence conspicuously long, white; metafemora relatively slender
(fig. 12, +o), outer ventral margin with numerous, minute teeth,
basal one always slightly longer than following ones; petiole long,
slender, varying from 8 times as long as wide to 15 times as long as
wide, length of petiole always three-fourths or more length of meta-
coxa, often as long as metacoxa; petiole occasionally enlarged just
caudad of the middle (fig. 13, 2); basal lamina of petiole usually
wide, always directed caudad on ventral side.
The species of Ceratosmicra are, where known, hyperparasites;
they usually emerge from the cocoons of Apanteles or Meteorus.
KEY TO SPECIES OF CERATOSMICRA
1. A strong tooth projecting from venter of propodeum between
bases of metacoxae; petiole 14 or more times as long as wide
DUG AES Wi LOST Srna eee sc ares 2 ES eee ee ee debilis (p. 344)
Propodeum without a ventral tooth; petiole shorter_______----___-------~- 2
2. Petiole enlarged between base and apex (fig. 13, h); length of
petiole 8 to 9 times its maximum width________-_______ meteori (p. 346)
Petiole not enlarged between base and apex; more than 11
LIMES (AS TONE) AS sw Ga a se 2 a ee es a Ee a 3
3. Flange at base of petiole broader on dorsal than on ventral side;
propodeum with lateral teeth 2) fae ee ee paya (p. 348)
Flange at base of petiole wider on ventral than on dorsal side;
propodeum entirely without lateral teeth____________ immaculata (p. 350)
CERATOSMICRA DEBILIS (Say)
Kigures 9, p; 12, m
Chatcis debilis Say, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p. 271, 1836.—Cresson,
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr.
Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 36, 1885.
Smicra debilis (Say) WALKrR, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Crersson, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 47, 1872; Synopsis of the families and genera
of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—DaLLA TOoRBE,
Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 375, 1898.
(?) Spilochalcis debilis (Say) SmirH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus. for
1909, p. 649, 1910.
Smicra longipetiola ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. x, 1885.—
CRESSON, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of
America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—DatLa Torre, Catalogus hymenop-
tererum, vol. 5. p. 378, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97,
p. 35, 1909.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 345
Mischosmicra kahlii ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 251, 1904—
ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 43, 1909.—GaHAN and
Fagan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 90, 1923,
This species is most easily recognized by the large deep pits on the
dorsum of the thorax, the ventral tooth of the propodeum projecting
between the bases of the metacoxae, and the very long slender petiole,
with the basal flange wanting on the dorsal side, but present on the
ventral side.
Description—yYellowish red to dark brown, with variable dark-
brown or black markings, occasional specimens almost entirely with-
out darker markings; vertex and occiput of head, large mesal area
of mesopraescutum, all but lateral margins of lobes of mesoscutum,
anterior halves of axillae, mesal area of mesoscutellum, apices of
metacoxae, outer surface of metafemur except basal, apical, and
dorsal spots (fig. 12, 7), apex of petiole, and transverse dorsal stripes
on gaster, usually dark brown or black.
Female: 44.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape just attaining level of
posterior ocelli; ring segment slightly less than one-fourth length
of segment 4, segments 4 to 13 almost equal in length, 12 and 13
often appearing subdivided; scrobe cavity smooth, margined by
distinct carinae, the carinae usually double on ventral half; frons
minutely shagreened, smooth dorsad of clypeus and between anterior
tentorial pits; combined widths of compound eyes equal to inter-
ocular space at level of antennal bases; both mandibles with three
approximately equal teeth; frontogenal suture straight; diameter
of posterior ocellus one-fourth width of interocellar space.
Anterolateral angles of pronotum sharply produced, anterior dorsal
margin acarinate; maximum length of mesopraescutum as great as
width at widest point; dorsum of thorax coarsely and irregularly
punctate, provided with scattering short, white, appressed pubescence ;
an erect tuft of setae present on each axilla; metacoxae extremely
long, slender at apex, uniformly and minutely shagreened ; metafemur
elongate, outer surface slightly flattened, densely covered with short,
white pubescence; ventral margin with 138 to 16 teeth; small sharp
inner tooth present; metatibia with apex long, slender, lanceolate.
Propodeum prominently carinate, a small, vertical lamina present
at apex on either side of point of insertion of petiole, a sharp, lateral
tooth present at each posterolateral angle of propodeum, and a ven-
tral projection extending between bases of metacoxae; petiole as long
as metacoxa, surface usually shagreened, the petiole slightly enlarged
at apex; basal lamina of petiole present only on ventral and lateral
sides; gaster slightly larger than metafemur, acuminate; cerci round,
located midway between posterior and anterior margins of epipygium,
and placed in a slight depression; ovipositor sheaths provided with
minute apical setae.
346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88
Male: 44.5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, p) exceeding level of
posterior ocelli; metafemur with inner tooth blunt; petiole slightly
longer than metacoxa, and only slightly enlarged at apex; gaster
equal to or shorter than metafemur.
Type locality —Indiana.
Type—Neotype, female, Delaware, in Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia, E. T. Cresson determination.
The identity of this species has become somewhat confused. Say’s
type has long since been lost, but Cresson redescribed it in 1872, and
as his material is still available I have considered it as fixing the iden-
tity of this species. The original description mentions only one struc-
tural character, the presence of minute teeth on the propodeum, and
this character is present in specimens determined as this species by
Cresson. These propodeal teeth are wanting in the specimens deter-
mined as this species by Howard and others. Most of the American
references to this species are now applied to Ceratosmicra meteori, de-
scribed below.
Types for synonyms: longipetiola Ashmead, 41182, U. S. National
Museum; kahlit Ashmead, 8078, U. S. National Museum.
The types of S. longipetiola Ashmead and WM. kahlii Ashmead differ
neither in color nor in structure from the specimens determined as S.
debilis (Say) by E. T. Cresson.
Host.—Unknown.
Distribution.—Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana,
Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas.
CERATOSMICRA METEORI, new name
Ficures 9, q; 10, f; 12, 0; 138, h
Smicra meteori Howarp (MS. name), Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 26, p.
131, 1897.
Spilochalcis debilis Howarp (not Say), U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Techn. Ser. Bull.
5, p. 33, 1897.—VirrecK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 22, p.
527, 1916 —WaAsHBURN, 17th Report of the entomologist of Minnesota, p. 193,
1918.—(?) Ruut, Soc. Ent., Stuttgart, vol. 36, p. 11, 1921.
Sayiella debilis ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 251, 1904——ScHMIEDE-
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 42, 1909.
Husayia debilis ASHMEAD, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 6, p. 126, 1904.—Brirton,
Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 31, p. 326, 1920—GaHan and
Facan, U. 8S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 63, 1923.
This species resembles C’. tmmaculata (Cresson) in lacking lateral
propodeal projections, having fairly slender metafemora (fig. 12, 0),
and having the petiole approximately 10 times as long as wide at the
widest point; it differs in having the petiole expanded in the middle
(fig. 18, A), and the male antennal scape broad from the base to the
apex (fig. 9, g), rather than broad only at the apex (fig. 9, s).
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 347
Description.—Pale yellow, with tan, brown, or black markings;
markings variable, vertex and occiput of head usually, three dorsal
marks on pronotum, broad band extending from apex of mesoscutel-
lum to anterior margin of mesopraescutum (fig. 10, 7), isolated spot
on each lobe of mesoscutum, anterior and posterior margins of axillae,
faint markings on outer surface of metafemur (fig. 12, 0), and
usually transverse dorsal bands on gaster, tan, brown, or black.
Female: 4.5-5 mm. Apex of antennal scape just attaining level
of posterior ocelli; ring segment one-fourth length of segment 4,
segments 4 to 10 equal, last three slightly shorter; scrobe cavity
shallow, edge carinate only at ventral margin; interantennal projec-
tion with a small carina, this carina usually extending up into scrobe
cavity nearly to anterior ocellus, sometimes somewhat shorter; frons
laterad of scrobe cavity uniformly covered with large shallow punc-
tures, area ventrad of antennal bases minutely shagreened; width of
malar space one-quarter height of compound eye; combined widths
of compound eyes slightly greater than interocular space at level
of antennal bases; left mandible with two acute teeth, right with
three, dorsal one larger and blunt, two ventral ones small, acute,
their apices converging slightly; frontogenal suture curved; diameter
of posterior ocellus one-half width of interocellar space.
Anterolateral angles of pronotum minutely carinate, anterior dorsal
margin acarinate; maximum length of mesopraescutum slightly less
than maximum width; parapsidal furrows partly obscured; axillae
each with a single row of setae near posterior margin; apex of
mesoscutellum provided with a minute lamina; metepisternum con-
spicuously punctured, setae inconspicuous; surface of metacoxa uni-
formly shagreened, without setae on outer dorsal side; metafemur
(fig. 12, 0) rather narrow, not flattened on outer side, outer surface
sparsely provided with setae, ventral margin with 16 to 20 minute
teeth; small inner tooth present; apex of metatibia acute.
Propodeum mostly smooth, minute mesal and apical carinae pres-
ent, lateral projections wanting; petiole three-fourths length of meta-
coxa, surface minutely shagreened, a sparse double row of long
setae present on either side, basal lamina narrow, not interrupted on
dorsal side, petiole markedly expanded in middle (fig. 13, A); gaster
acuminate, usually one-fourth longer than metafemur; abdominal
tergites 4 to 7 each with two or three transverse rows of setae; cerci
oval, located midway between base and apex of epipygium; apex
of ovipositor sheath minutely roughened.
Male: 3.54 mm. Antennal scape broad from base to apex (fig.
9, 7), apex of scape slightly exceeding level of posterior ocelli, meta-
femur with 16 to 18 outer ventral teeth, inner tooth sharp; petiole
348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
four-fifths length of metacoxa; gaster slightly shorter than meta-
femur; ninth sternite slightly fiattened near apex.
Type locality —District of Columbia.
Types.—Lectotype, female, Washington, D. C., 78, October 1886;
lectoallotype, Washington, D. C., 78, January 25, 1887, both reared
from Meteorus hyphantriae parasitic on Hemerocampa leucostigma:
in the collection of the U. S. National Museum.
In describing his West Indian species Smécra cressoni, Howard **
stated that “it resembles most closely S. meteori of the writer’s
manuscript, reared from Meteorus hyphantriae Riley in the District
of Columbia.” ‘This is practically a description, but does not, in my
opinion, validate the name under the International Code. Opinion
No. 52 rendered by the International Commission holds that the
designation of a type locality does not validate a name, and the host
designated in the above quotation is probably attacked by other
members of this genus. In the same year in which this manuscript
name was published, Howard treated this species under the name
Spilochalcis debilis (Say), discussed its biology, and figured the adult.
As has been remarked on page 346 above, the identity of Say’s species
had been fixed by Cresson in 1872 and was a different species from
this one. The figure and biological notes published by Howard for
his identification of S. debi/is constitute a valid description for this
species; therefore, I have used his manuscript name as a new name
for Spilochalcis debilis Howard, not Say. The most of Howard’s
material is still in the U. S. National Museum.
Hosts —Casimaria orgyiae (Howard) (Hymenoptera, Ichneu-
monidae); Afeteorus hyphantriae Riley, Meteorus sp., Apanteles
delicatus Howard, Apanteles sp. (Braconidae).
Distribution.—Connecticut, District of Columbia, Ulinois, Louisi-
ana, Maryland, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee,
Texas, Virginia, West Virginia.
CERATOSMICRA PAYA, new species
Figures 9, 7; 10, d; 12, 1
This small black species with yellow and red spots is much like
Spilochalcis side (Walker) in habitus, but its long slender petiole
refers it to this genus. It differs from all other species in this genus
by the extremely wide basal lamina of the petiole, and the metacoxa
strongly punctured on the ventral side with the outer dorsal surface
strongly shagreened; in (. debilis (Say), which this species most
closely resembles, the metacoxa is slender at the apex and lacks
strong punctures on the ventral side.
18 Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 26, p. 131, 1897.
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 349
Description —Black with red, yellow, or white spots; usual color
pattern of dorsum of thorax (fig. 10, d) ; color pattern of metafemur
(fig. 12, 7); petiole brown, sometimes darker in middle or at apex;
gaster with transverse dorsal black bands.
Female: 4.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape just attaining level of
posterior ocelli, ring segment one-fourth length of segment 4; 5 slightly
shorter than 4; segments 5 to 10 subequal, last three shorter, ultimate
seoment blunt at apex; scrobe cavity moderately deep, margin carinate
ventrad and on ventral one-third of lateral margins; frons uniformly
and densely punctured and covered with long, dense pubescence ex-
cept for narrow glabrous area dorsad of clypeus; interantennal pro-
jection provided with an apical carina, this carina continued dorsad up
scrobe cavity nearly to anterior ocellus; width of malar space one-
third height of compound eye; combined widths of compound eyes
equal to interocular space at level of antennal bases; right mandible
with one sharp dorsal tooth and two slightly smaller, acute ventral
ones; left mandible with two sharp teeth, dorsal one slightly larger ;
frontogenal suture straight; diameter of posterior ocellus one-third
width of interocellar space.
Dorsum of thorax deeply and thickly punctured, areas between
punctures minutely reticulated; anterolateral angles of pronotum
strongly carinate; anterior dorsal margin without a carina; meso-
praescutum as long as wide at widest point, parapsidal furrows dis-
tinct; each axilla with a dense, transverse row of setae; wings covered
by minute brown setae; metepisternum deeply pitted, densely covered
by long pubescence; metacoxae shagreened on dorsal, inner, and ven-
tral surfaces, but elsewhere covered by large shallow pits, uniformly
pubescent except on outer dorsal surface, large rounded projection
present at apex on inner side; metafemur (fig. 12, 7) elongate, outer
surface uniformly and densely covered by short pubescence; ventral
margin with 18 to 20 teeth; large, blunt inner tooth present, apex of
metatibia sharp.
Propodeum conspicuously carinate except on basolateral areas, two
strongly projecting teeth present at apex on either side of point of
insertion of petiole; petiole five-sixths the length of metacoxa, basal
lamina of petiole extremely wide, petiole slightly enlarged near apex,
surface entirely glabrous and with only three or four setae on lateral
margins; gaster globose, slightly less than length of metafemur; ab-
dominal tergites 3 to 5 without setae, segments 6 and 7 with a few
scattered lateral setae; eighth tergite uniformly covered by long white
setae; cercus oval, located near anterior margin of epipygium; apex
of ovipositor sheath minutely roughened.
Male: 4mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, 7) enlarged near apex; meta-
femur with 16 or 17 outer ventral teeth; inner tooth distinct, blunt;
188858—40——8
350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88
petiole equal in length to metacoxa; gaster equal in length to meta-
femur.
Type locality —Texas.
Types——Holotype, female, Dallas, Tex., October 21, 1906, F. C.
Bishopp; allotype, male, Los Angeles County, Calif.; paratypes,
Peoria, Ill., October 10, 1936, H. E. McClure, 1 male, Manhattan,
Kans., October 6, 1934, C. W. Sabrosky, 1 female, Riley County,
Kans., September 9, E. E. Faville, 1 female. Holotype, allotype,
and one paratype deposited in the U. S. National Museum, one para-
type in the Illinois State Natural History Survey collection, and
one paratype in the University of Kansas collection.
Host—Unknown.
CERATOSMICRA IMMACULATA (Cresson)
Figures 9, s; 12, n
Smiera immaculata Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 97, 1865;
The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916.
Smiera immaculata (Cresson) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—
Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soec., vol. 4, pp. 38, 55, 1872.—DALLA TorRE,
Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 377, 1898.—SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.
This minute, yellow species is most easily recognized by its long,
slender, and glabrous petiole, the propodeum being entirely without
lateral teeth, the glabrous outer dorsal surface of the metacoxa, and
the metafemur being entirely without an inner tooth.
Description.—Yellow, occasionally with vague, indistinct darker
stains on dorsum of thorax and abdomen; outer surface of meta-
femur with three small, vague spots (fig. 12, »); apical tarsal seg-
ments always brown.
Female: 3-8.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape exceeding level of
posterior ocelli; ring segment one-third length of segment 4, all
flagellar segments approximately equal, stout, covered by white
pubescence; scrobe cavity shallow, margined only at ventral one-
eighth; frons laterad of scrobe cavity strongly punctate, minutely
shagreened ventrad of antennal bases; malar space one-fourth height
of compound eyes; combined widths of compound eyes slightly greater
than width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; left man-
dible with two acute teeth, right mandible with three; frontogenal
suture faint or obscured entirely; diameter of posterior ocellus one-
half width of interocellar space.
Pronotum narrow, without an anterior dorsal carina, slight carina
at anterolateral angles; mesopraescutum slightly shorter than width
at widest point ; dersum of thorax shallowly punctate, almost glabrous
in some specimens, pubescence long and white; posterior margins of
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 351
axillae with a few long setae; metacoxae long, outer dorsal surface
glabrous, elsewhere minutely shagreened; metafemora (fig. 12, n),
elongate, not flattened on outer surface, densely covered with short,
white pubescence, ventral margin with 15 to 17 teeth, inner tooth
wanting; metatibia with long, acute apical spine.
Propodeum almost smooth, vague mesal and apical carinae present,
no lateral projections present, spiracular openings vertical; petiole
four-fifths the length of metacoxa, glabrous, slightly larger at apex
than at base, basal lamina narrower on dorsal than ventral side;
gaster slightly shorter than metafemur; cerci oval, large, located
slightly nearer posterior than anterior margin of epipygium.
Male: 3mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, s) broad only at apex; meta-
femur without an inner tooth, outer ventral margin with 12 or 13
teeth; petiole five-sixths the length of metacoxa; gaster equal in
length to metafemur.
Type locality —Cuba.
Types.—Holotype, female, 1795.1; allotype, male, 1795.2: Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Host.—Meteorus sp. (Hymenopiera, Braconidae).
Distribution-—Trxas: Brownsville, ex Meteorus sp., E. G. Smyth,
3 males, June 23, 1914, ex Meteorus sp., R. A. Vickery, 1 female,
December 17, 1910,2 females; Cameron County, August 8, 1928, R. H.
Beamer, 1 female.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
Smicra gigantea ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., vol. 13, p. 90, 1881.—DALLa TORRE, Cata-
logus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 372, 1898.
This species is a synonym of Phasgonophora sulcata Westwood ;
the type is in the U. 8. National Museum.
Chalcis myrifez (SuLzer), Abgek. Gesch. Ins., vol. 1, p. 191, 1776.—WALKER,
Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 52, 1871—Crrsson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4,
p. 55, 1872 —Datia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 380, 1898.
Walker, Cresson, and Dalla Torre list this European species as
occurring in North America, but material of this species from
Europe proves to be different from all our species.
UNPLACED SPECIES
Smicra bimaculata StREcKER, Appendix SS to Report of the Chief of Army Engi-
neers for 1878, p. 1848, 1879.—Brap.ry, Ent. News, vol. 14, p. 26, 1903.
I have not succeeded in locating the type of this species; it is not
in the Strecker collection at the Field Museum, in Chicago, Ill. This
species may either be a member of the genus Chalcis or belong to the
canthostigma group of Spilochalcis.
352
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL
MUSEUM VoL. 88
HOST CATALOG
The species of the genus Chalcis are larval parasites; all the other
species in this tribe that have been reared are pupal parasites.
LEPIDOPTERA
PIERIDAE
Host Parasite
Catopsilia eubule (Linnaeus) --__---_~ Spilochalecis eubule (Cresson)
Spilochalcis transitiva (Walker)
NYMPHALIDAR
Chlosyne lacinia crocale Edwards_--—-
Spilochalcis phoenica, new species
LYCAENIDAE
Strymon melinus (Hiibner) —_-__-_--_-
Strymon cecrops (Fabricius) --~---_-__.
PRCCIGSPSe Meee Bee ee Ne
Metadontia amoena (Say)
Metadontia amoena (Say)
Meiadontia amoena (Say)
SATURNIIDAE
Philosamia cynthia Drury_-----------
Samia cecropia (Linnaeus) -----~---~--.
Callosamia promethea Drury__-—--~---
T'elea polyphemus Cramer__-----------
ROTRSCRUCtOS pee eee eee eee
Spilochalcis mariae (Riley)
Spilochalcis mariae (Riley)
Spilochalcis mariae (Riley)
Spilochalcis mariae (Riley)
Spilochalcis mariae (Riley)
NOocTUIDAE
Laphygma frugiperda Abbot and Smith—
Plathypena scabra (Fabricius) _—______
(?) Prodenia eridania Cramer________.
Heliothis obsoleta (Fabricius) ______.___
Spilochalcis side (Walker)
Spilochalcis femorata (Fabricius)
Spilochalcis igneoides (Kirby)
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
ondary ?]
Spilochaicis sanguineivenitris (Cresson)
Spilochalcis femorata (Fabricius)
Spilochalcis igneoides (Kirby)
[sec-
PSYCHIDAE
Thyridopteryr ephemeraeformis WHa- Spilochalcis mariae (Riley)
NAOH) Hl ae! pales see Cac dine ek rae reat ites amtetile us YON) Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) [sec-
ondary ?]
LIMACODIDAE
Parasa indetermina Boisduval_________
Adoneta spinuloides Herrich-Schaeffer_
Prolimacodes badia (Hitibner)_________
Phobetron pithecium Abbot and Smith_
THMOCOCES Spas ake wR eS ee
Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius)
Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius)
Spilochalcis nortoni (Cresson)
Spilochalcis nortoni (Cresson)
Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius)
PYRALIDAE
(?) Mimorista flavidissimalis Grote___-
Homoeosoma electellum Hulst_________
Spilochalcis exornata (Cresson)
Spilochalcis flavopicia (Cresson)
THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 353
Acrobasis Sp--_--------------------—— Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson)
Mineola indigenella Zeller_----------- Spilochalcis igneoides (Kirby)
GELECHIIDAE
Gelechia nundinella Zeller_—---------- Spilochaicis dema, new species
Paralechia pinifoliella Chambers_----- Spilochalcis side (Walker )
Arogalea cristifasciella Chambers-_---—- Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Recurvaria piceaella Kearfott-------_- Spilochalcis side (Walker )
Gnorimoschema sp------------------- Spilochalcis tanais, new species
FXUCOSMIDAE
Ancylis comptana Mroehlichas———==———— Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson)
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Spilochalcis side (Walker)
Spilochalcis leptis, new species
Ancylis divisana Walker_------------- Spilochalcis side (Walker)
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Eveiria frustrana Comstock----------- Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson )
Polychrosis viteana Glemens#=2-=—22—2 Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Timetocera ocellana Schiffermuller__——- Spilochalcis leptis, new species
TTORTRICIDAE
Cacoecia argyrospila (Walker ) -------- Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
PHALONIIDAE
Phalonia sp-------------------------- Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson )
GLYPHIPTERYGIDAE
Choreutis silphiella Busck_-~-~--------- Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
PLUTELLIDAE
Plutella maculipennis Curtis----------. Spilochalcis side (Walker )
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
YPONOMEUTIDAE
Zelleria haimbachi Busck——-~---------- Spilochaicis leptis, new species
Argyresthia thuiella Packard) Spilochaicis side (Walker )
COLEOPHORIDAE
Coleophora laricella (Hubner) =2=32s=== Spilochalcis side (Walker )
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Coleophora malivorella Riley---~------ Spilochalcis side (Walker)
Spilochalcis albifrons ( Walsh)
Coleophora fletcherella Fernald_—__--- Spilochalcis side (Walker)
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Coleophora salmani Heinrich---------- Spilochalcis side (Walker )
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Coleophora pruniella Clemens__-—~-~--~ Spilochalcis side (Walker)
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
LYONETIDAE
Bucculatria thurberiella Busck-------- Spilochalcis side (Walker)
354
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOL, 88
COLEOPTERA
CHRYSOMELIDAE
Lema trilineata (Olivier) —-------------
Lema nigrovititata (Guérin) __-____--_-
Chlamys plicata (Fabricius) —~-~-----~
Haema conspersa (Mannerheim)_-_--~~
Chalepus dorsalis Thunberg___—__---__
Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson)
Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson)
Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson)
Spilochalcis sanguineiventris (Cresson)
Spilochalcis odonitotae Howard
CURCULIONIDAE
Orchestes pallicornis Say ----=-_-- "===
Phytonomus nigrirostris Fabricius_—_—_~
Hypera rumicis (Linnaeus) —-----------
Anthonomus grandis Boheman__--—_---
Spilochalcis side (Walker)
Spilochalecis side (Walker)
Spilochalcis side (Walker)
Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson)
HYMENOPTERA
ICHNEUMONIDAE
Bathyplectes exigua (Gravenhorst) —---
Angitia plutellae Viereck___-____--__--
Angitia hellulae Viereck—--_----_--—---~-
Casinaria orgyiae (Howard) _----_----
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Spilochalcis side (Walker)
Spilochalcis side (Walker)
Ceratosmicra meteori, new name
BRACONIDAE
Meteorus versicolor (Wesmael)-_—-------
Meiteorus hyphaniriae Riley_--__~------
Meteorus laphygmae Viereck__-—------.
MeteCorusiSps 22-2 2a Ue aCe ee ee ee
Rogas laphygmae Viereck——_-------~--
Apanteles griffini Viereck__-_-_-_--__-_-
Apanteles lacteicolor Viereck___-------
Apanteles militaris (Walsh) -----------
Apanteles marginiventris (Cresson) —_—-
Apanteles congregatus (Say) —-------~-
Apanteles delicatus Howard__-_~—----—-
Apanteles atalantae (Packard) —-_--__-
Apantelesi\ Spi 2822) ee
Spilochalcis side (Walker)
Ceratosmicra meteori, new name
Spilochalcis pallens (Cresson)
Ceratosmicra meteori, new name
Ceratosmicra immaculata (Cresson )
Spilochalcis pallens (Cresson)
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Spilechalcis side (Walker)
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead)
Spilochalcis pallens (Cresson)
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Ceratosmicra meteori, new name
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)
Spilochalcis side (Walker )
Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead)
Ceraiosmicra meteori, new name
DIPTERA
STRATIOMYIIDAE
Odontomyia vertebrata Say-------~----
Odontomyia Spee ee ee ye,
Chalcis canadensis (Cresson)
Chalcis barbara (Cresson)
Chalcis canadensis (Cresson)
SyRPHIDAE
Mesogramma polita (Say) -------------
Mesogramma, polygonastyla (Metcait)_—
PlatyChinws isp ese Ss ee eee ey
Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead)
Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead)
Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead)
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3083
NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES,
WITH TAXONOMIC NOTES
By R. A. Cusuman
Tus paper consists of the description of two new genera and
nine new species of ichneumon-flies, together with some notes on
synonymy, generic transfers, and the renaming of a genus the old
name of which is preoccupied. Also included is a key to the species
of the genus Cryptohelcostizus Cushman. The figures are from draw-
ings by Mrs. Mary Foley Benson.
Genus POLYCYRTUS Spinola
POLYCYRTUS BICOSTATUS, new species
In my general key to the species of Polycyrtus* this species will
run best to erythrosternus Cameron, but it has the propodeum of
entirely different form and differs by many other details of structure
and color. In my key to species examined (p. 2) it runs to the
second alternate of couplet 7 but differs from all the species falling
in that category in the form of the apical carina, which is broadly
transverse, instead of angulate, medially.
Female—Length 11 mm., antenna 9 mm., ovipositor sheath 3.5 mm.
Vertex in front view flat and at the same level as upper eye mar-
gins; frons polished, scrobes moderately deep, horn very short conical,
without basal pits or tubercle; eyes parallel within, comprising nearly
two-thirds total width of head; inner orbits very finely shagreened
+Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 78, art. 14, p. 53, 1931.
355
190799—40
356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
and subopaque; face sparsely, weakly punctate, slightly elevated
medially; clypeus moderately convex; malar space shagreened, nearly
as long as basal width of mandible; cheeks in front view nearly
straight; mouth as broad as face; occipital carina convergent above
with posterior margin of eye, complete to hypostomal carina, not
elevated below; temples in dorsal view weakly convex, hardly a third
as long as short diameter of eye. Pronotum polished, posterior
groove weakly foveolate, epomia distinct only in middle, anterior
lateral carina weak; humeral margin only slightly tumid; mesoscutum
polished, with scattered punctures anteriorly, prescutum low and
broad; scutellum rather broad and weakly convex, polished; meso-
pleuron sparsely punctate, prepectal carina complete, the groove
foveolate, subalar tubercle rather low; lower division of metapleuron
very sparsely punctate, upper division more densely so; propodeum
with both transverse carinae complete and strong and with a well-
defined basal area and a large obsoletely defined hexagonal areola,
both transverse carinae arched forward and transverse medially, apical
carina prominent at angles, petiolar area with radiating rugae;
pleural carina distinct, with foveolate grooves above and_ below.
Hind femur rather slender, inner calcarium nearly half as long as
basitarsus. Areolet small, the lumen hardly as broad as the sur-
rounding veins, recurrent at middle; nervulus antefurcal, postnervulus
broken slightly below middle, nervellus broken at lower third. Ab-
domen polished, first segment rather strongly decurved, second ter-
gite less than three times as long as broad at base, distinctly shorter
than first; sheath as long as hind tibia.
Head black, face medially and clypeus reddish; anterior orbits
throughout, a spot on malar space, top of clypeus, labrum, and man-
dibles whitish; palpi stramineous; antenna black with an incomplete
annulus occupying flagellar joints 5-14 white; thorax anteriorly and
dorsally black, posteriorly and ventraily ferruginous, the black em-
bracing the pronotum, mesoscutum, postscutellum medially, and
upper angle of mesopleuron ; humeral margins of pronotum, scutellum
except apex, subalar tubercle, and tegulae whitish; legs ferruginous,
with all tibiae and tarsi and front trochanter yellowish; hind femur
largely and trochanter dorsally black to piceous, the femur more
reddish below and basally; wings hyaline, venation blackish; abdo-
men black with petiole and narrow margins of tergites ferruginous,
venter yellow.
Type locality —Chancha Mayo, Peru.
Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 5349.
One specimen taken in September 1928 by G. N. Wolcott.
NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 357
Genus HOPLOCRYPTUS Thomson
HOPLOCRYTUS BITUMINOSUS (Cushman), new combination
Cryptoideus bituminosus CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 60, art. 4, p. 6,
1924.
Since its publication this species has been received several times in
small numbers, reared from Pyrausta nubilalis (Hiibner) at Belmont,
Mass., and New Haven, Conn.; from P. penitalis (Grote) at Bono,
Ohio; from P. ainslieli Heinrich at York, Ind., and Bono, Ohio; and
from Diairaea at Grand Isle, La. Other localities, without rearing
data, are Nantucket, Mass., Englewood, N. J., and Baton Rouge, La.
Among these specimens are several examples of the undescribed
male. This sex differs from the female in the usual secondary sexual
characters of smaller size, more slender form, especially of the abdo-
men, and more slender, longer, and apically tapering antennae. The
head is a little broader behind the eyes and the wings a little less
deeply infumate.
Genus CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS Cushman
The receipt of specimens of two undescribed species brings to four
the number of North American species referable to this genus. They
may be distinguished by the following key:
1. Areolet large, first intercubitus more than half as long as second
recurrent; wings deeply infumate—---~--------------~--- dichrous Viereck
Areolet small, first intercubitus not or barely haif as long as
recurrent; wings hyaline or dilutely infumate_____-------------------- 2
2. Legs in female and hind tibia in male largely black ; postscutelum
black; wings in female dilutely infumate--_- chrysobothridis, new species
Legs in both sexes, except coxae and trochanters, red ; postscutel-
lum white: wings hyaline__-—_-_---_-_-________-—___-----=—-_-----~=--~ a
8. First abdominal segment entirely red; posterior orbital mark very
narrow and not contiguous with eye; scutellum and coxae
immaculate black and propodeum usually so; tegula white only
at DaASCl ee ee alamedensis (Ashmead)
First abdominal segment black with apex red; posterior orbital
mark very broad and contiguous with eye; secutellum, propo-
deum, and coxae conspicuously white-marked; tegula entirely
white ______-_+--~---_---=--------=-—-------------=- ornatus, new species
CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS ALAMEDENSIS (Ashmead)
Cryptus alamedensis ASHMEAD, Proc, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, p. 409, 1890.
Cryptohelcostizus rufigaster CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, p. 534, 1919.
Cryptohelcostizus alamedensis (Ashmead) CusHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vel.
60, art. 21, p. 7, 1922. Synonymy of rufigaster with alamedensis.
Additional reared specimens, all from larvae of Buprestidae, con-
firm the host record published with the description of rufigaster and
358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
cast doubt on the record of Ashmead “from an unknown lepidopterous
host.” Also all specimens of the two new species described below were
reared from buprestids.
The following specimens have been received since the publication of
rufigaster: 2 females and 2 males reared from Chrysobothris mali
Horn at Stanford University (May 15, 1922), Los Gatos (May 23,
1918), and Simla Station (June 28, 1922), Calif., under Hopkins U. S.
Nos. 16065 a 3, 15913 B 1, and 16634 a, respectively; one female “from
flathead borer on Afalus sp.,” Chico, Calif., February 15, 1912, J. R.
Horton; and one female, Corvallis, Oreg., April.
CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS DICHROUS Viereck
Cryptohelcostizus dichrous VIERECK, Psyche, vol. 28, p. 73, 1921.
Distinct from all the other species in the deeply infumate wings and
large areolet. Viereck failed to note the red hind femora in the male.
Before me are females from Manumuskin, N. J., April 29 and
October 21, 1901, and Virginia Beach, Va., October 18, 1922 (Jones-
Walker-Brannon) ; and males from Texas (Belfrage) and Conover,
N. C., October 8, 1919 (J. E. Eckert), the last compared by me with
the allotype.
CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS CHRYSOBOTHRIDIS, new species
Structurally very like alamedensis Ashmead, but so distinct in
color, especially of the legs, as to appear specifically distinct.
Female—Length 12 mm., antenna 9 mm., ovipositor sheath 4 mm.
Black, with abdomen, except petiole, ferruginous, and with the
following whitish markings: Narrow lines in frontal and posterior
orbits (the latter not contiguous with eye) and rarely a triangular
mark on cheek, narrow transverse streak on clypeus, incomplete an-
nulus on flagellar joints 8 and 9, and rarely the humeral margin of
pronotum and a small spot on base of tegula; flexor surface of front
tibia reddish; hind femur basally more or less pale or reddish above;
joints 3 and 4 of hind tarsus reddish; wings distinctly, though not
deeply, infumate.
Male—With all white markings of female, except antennal an-
nulus, and also with facial orbits, spot on base of each mandible, and
joints 3 and 4 of hind and middle tarsi white; front and middle
legs beyond trochanters and the hind femur largely or entirely
ferruginous.
Host—Chrysobothris sp. on apple.
Type locality —Stillwater, Okla.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53492.
Ten females and five males, all reared by Myron Maxwell, March
16-April 8, 1936.
NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—-CUSHMAN 359
CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS ORNATUS, new species
This species also is very closely related to alamedensis, but may
be distinguished from that and from both the other species by its
highly ornamented head and thorax. In the following description
only those characters are given by which it differs from alamedensis.
Female—Length 11 mm., antenna 7.5 mm., ovipositor sheath 3 mm.
Face mostly polished and sparsely punctate, combined length of
face and clypeus fully as long as width of face (distinctly shorter in
alamedensis) ; interfoveal line hardly longer than foveo-ocular line
(much longer in @/amedensis) ; temples convex; ocellocular ine much
shorter than postocellar line and a little longer than diameter of an
ocellus (in alamedensis the postocellar and ocellocular lines are nearly
equal and nearly twice as long as the diameter of an ocellus) ; apical
joint of antenna tapering slightly (cylindrical in alamedensis) ; first
tergite a little more slender than in alamedensis, with spiracles
shghtly beyond middle; spiracles of second tergite at middle (dis-
tinctly before middle in alamedensis) ; sheath of ovipositor much
less than half as long as body.
White markings of head and thorax much larger than in alame-
densis; orbital ring very broad and only narrowly interrupted on ver-
tex and malar space, contiguous with eye posteriorly and broadening
below to embrace nearly entire width of cheek; antennal annulus on
flagellar joints 7-9; collar and both upper and lower margins of pro-
notum broadly white, as are also the subalar tubercle, tegulae, apex
of scutellum, postscutellum, two large lateral spots and a small me-
dian spot at apex of propodeum, upper surfaces of all coxae largely,
and basal joints of front and middle trochanters except dorsally
(coxae and basal trochanteral joints otherwise black); first tergite
black, with apex broadly ferruginous and with the extreme apex
medially yellow.
Host—Chrysobothris deserta Horn in desert holly.
Type locality —Death Valley, Calif.
Type—U.S.N.M. No. 53493.
One specimen reared February 23, 1939, by M. F. Gilman.
APOTEMNUS, new genus
The proper position for this unusual genus, whether in the Phy-
gadeuonini or in the Hemitelini, is very doubtful. In none of the
keys to the Phygadeuonini will it run to any genus that evenly re-
motely resembles it in general form. Because of its slender anten-
nae, hairy face, and distinct notaulices it runs best to Panargyrops
Foerster, but beyond these characters and its bidenticulate clypeus it
has little in common with that genus. In the keys of Foerster and
Ashmead to the Hemitelini it runs directly to Zsadelphus Foerster,
360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 8&
with which it agrees in many features of the head, thorax, and
appendages. From both these genera it differs remarkably in the
abruptly truncate propodeum and the stout, Pimpla-like abdomen
with very short first segment and transversely impressed tergites 1-4.
Female.—Head transvere; temples narrow, ocelli small; eyes di-
vergent below; malar space long; face and clypeus with dense, short,
silvery hair; clypeus weakly separated, minutely bidenticulate; man-
dible evenly bidentate; antenna slender, basal three joints of flagel-
lum very long.
Thorax stout; epomia distinct; notaulices rather deep anteriorly,
obsolescent on disk; sternaulices deep anteriorly, obsolescent in pos-
terior third; scutellum convex, immargined; metapleuron flat; pro-
podeum broadly truncate, the apical carina thick, prominent later-
ally, costulae and basal portions of median carinae obsolete, all other
carinae absent, spiracles very small, circular; legs moderately stout,
hind femur tapering from basal fourth to apex; stigma narrow, with
radius somewhat beyond middle; areolet pentagonal, second inter-
cubitus largely bullated; nervulus postfurcal: second discoidal cell
with apical angle acute; postnervulus broken far below middle; ner-
vellus broken far below middle and strongly inclivous.
Abdomen stout; first tergite nearly as broad as long, the sides
widely divergent to spiracles, thence more gradually divergent, a
shallow subapical transverse impression, petiole broadly flattened,
tergite in profile nearly rectangular above, dorsal carinae strong to
summit of elevation, spiracles a little behind middle; other tergites
strongly transverse, apices tumid; tergites 2-4 with broad transverse
impressions, those of 2 and 3 with a small low tubercle at each end;
ovipositor slender, compressed, narrowly subsagittate at apex, sheath
much shorter than abdomen.
Genotype.—A potemnus truncaius, new species.
APOTEMNUS TRUNCATUS, new species
Figure 15
Female—Length 8 mm., antenna 6 mm., ovipositor sheath 2 mm.
Head polished; face and clypeus very finely and densely punctate
and mat; face more than twice as broad as long; temple convexly,
sharply sloping; malar space as long as basal width of mandible;
antenna 24-jointed, basal two joints of flagellum equal and each about
six times as long as thick, all other joints at least a little longer than
thick.
Thorax polished, with short, fine, appressed pubescence, humeral
portion of pronotum, mesoscutum along margins and on middle of
disk, scutellum, lower portion of mesopleuron, mesosternum, and
NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 361
metapleuron minutely punctate ; propodeum basad of carina polished,
laterally minutely punctate; apical truncature weakly, transversely
rugulose, shining.
Abdomen shining, weakly and minutely alutaceous, with fine sparse
punctation; ovipositor sheath hardly as long as first two tergites.
Figure 15.—Apotemnus truncatus, new genus and species.
Head black; scape reddish in front; mandibles white basally; palpi
pale; thorax ferruginous, with black sutures; pronotum and pre-
pectus largely, discal spot on mesoscutum with branches along
notaulices and middle of prescutum, an irregular longitudinal spot
on middle of mesopleuron, and the propodeum black, the last with a
faint, transverse, reddish streak before carina; wings hyaline, stigma
and costa stramineous, veins black, tegulae and humeral angles of
pronotum white; legs ferruginous, front and middle coxae and
trochanters and extensor surfaces of tibiae stramineous; abdomen
piceous, darker at bases of tergites and more reddish at apices and
362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
laterally, with tergites very narrowly whitish apically; venter pale,
with sternites blackish.
Type locality.—Corvallis, Oreg.
Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 53494.
One specimen taken July 13, 1935, by George R. Ferguson.
Genus ITOPLECTIS Foerster
ITOPLECTIS ATROCOXALIS (Cresson)
Pimpla atrocoralis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 3, p. 146, 1870.
Pimpla ovalis THomson, Opuscula entomologica, fase. 8, p. 748, 1877.—ScHM1EepE-
KNECHT, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 3, p. 494, 1888; Ill. Wochenschr. Ent., vol. 2,
510, 1897; Opuscula ichneumonologica, fase. 14, p. 1073, 1906—Gerurs,
Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1908, p. 467-——ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Zeitschr. Angew.
Ent., vol. 1, p. 414, 1914—Hetnricu, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1928, p. 87.—
CONSTANTINEAU, Ann. Soc. Univ. Jassy, vol. 15, p. 231, 1928 (1929).—
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Opuscula ichneumonologica, suppl.-band, fase. 19, p. 96,
1934. New synonymy.
Pimpla (Itoplectis) ovalis THomsox, Opuscula entomologica, fase. 13, p. 1409,
1889.—HernscH, Konowia, vol. 8, p. 127, 1929.
Pimpla maculator var. ovalis (Thomson) Haupt, Mitt. Ent. Ges. Halle, 1913,
Nos. 5-6, p. 55.
Itopiectis ovalis (Thomson) Mortey, A revision of the Ichneumonidae based on
the collection in the British Museum (Natural History), pt. 3, p. 78, 1914.—
Seyrie, Kos, vol. 3, p. 217, 1917.
Tioplectis pudibundae RoMAN (not Ratzeburg), Arkiv fdr Zool., vol. 9, p. 25,
1914.—HELLEN, Acta Soe. Fauna et Flora Fennica, 1915, p. 39.—Sryrie,
Ann. Soe. Ent. France, vol. 101, p. 116, 1932.
ltoplectis atrocozralis (Cresson) CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p.
341, 1920.
Pimpla pudibundae HABERMEHL (not Ratzeburg), Konowia, vol. 9, p. 112, 1930.
The acquisition of more material from both North America and
Europe convinces me that atrocoralis and ovalis are identical.
Perusal of the original description of Pimpla pudibundae Ratze-
burg would seem to indicate that Roman was wrong in synonymizing
ovalis with that species, for pudibundae is described as having the
ovipositor as long as the abdomen and the hind coxae red-brown.
Also Ratzeburg states that he reared his species as a gregarious
external parasite, never from the pupa. This is an impossible habit
for an /toplectis but is exactly the habit of /seropus and of a few
species of E'piurus. From the fact that the face of the male of
pudibundae is not yellow I suspect that it is an EH’ piwrus.
Genus CALLIEPHIALTES Ashmead
CALLIEPHIALTES FERRUGINEUS, new species
In my recently published key to the Neotropical species of Cal-
liephialtes ® this species runs to minutus (Brullé). From that species
2 Rey. Ent., vol. 9, pp. $6—97, 1938.
NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 363
it is immediately distinguishable by its red head and red, not yel-
lowish, scutellum and abdomen.
Female-—Length 8 mm., antenna 6 mm., ovipositor sheath 8 mm.
Head and thorax polished, unsculptured, and glabrous, except that
the face is sparsely and the propodeum very sparsely hairy and the
clypeus bears several long hairs; temple strongly convex but not
reaching outside tangent of eye; eyes slightly convergent below and
shallowly emarginate opposite antennae; face as long as broad, with
a low, median, longitudinal elevation; malar space very short,
antenna 30-jointed.
Thorax stout; prescutum medially impressed ; notaulices weakly
defined on disk of mesoscutum; carinae limiting scutellar fovea
obsolete; propodeum without trace of carinae.
Abdomen broad, finely and not densely punctate, tergal tubercles
prominent, the impressions defining them posteriorly extending
almost across tergites; tergite 1 hardly as long as broad, somewhat
tumid, without carinae beyond the very short anterior basin; tergite
2 as long as broad at base, with deep, transverse gastrocoeli;
ovipositor sheath with short hair.
Ferruginous; a small spot on each side of apex of propodeum,
narrow apical margins of tergites 2-5, more or less broadly inter-
rupted medially, and last two tergites black; antenna black, scape
and pedicel partly pale in front; palpi and legs whitish, coxae,
trochanters, and femora posteriorly brownish black, as are also the
base and apex of the hind tibia; apical jomts of tarsi and apices of
other joints more or less deeply brown; wings hyaline, venetian
black; ovipositor sheath black.
Host.—Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders).
Type locality—Boqueron, Puerto Rico.
Holotype and paratype—U.S.N.M. No. 58495.
Two females reared May 20, 1938, by K. A. Bartlett under Puerto
Rico No. 1991.
Genus TROMATOBIA Foerster
TROMATOBIA LATERALIS (Cresson), new combination
Clistopyga? lateralis Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soe. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 34, 1865.
Ephialies cressonii Dewirz, Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 25, p. 205, pl. 5, fig. 9,
1881.
This West Indian species is represented by specimens from both
Puerto Rico and Cuba as well as by a female taken by P. W. Fattig
at Atlanta, Ga., April 14, 1929. One of each sex was reared from a
spider egg-cocoon from Lares, Puerto Rico, September 8, 1921, by
G. N. Wolcott.
364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yor, 88
Genus EXETASTES Gravenhorst
EXETASTES RUFIPES Cresson
Exetasies abdoninalis var. a Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4
’
p. 277, 1865.
Exetastes rufipes Cresson, Proc. Hint. Soc. Philadelppia, vol. 4, p. 277 (note),
1865.
Exetastes purpureus CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, p. 285, 1987.
New synonymy.
Additional material received since the publication of my revision
of Hxetastes shows purpureus to be merely a variation of rufipes.
This material consists of six females and two males submitted for
identification by George R. Ferguson, Oregon State Agricultural
College, Corvallis, Oreg. They were collected July 20 and 26, 1937,
at 7,000 and 8,500 feet on Steens Mountain, Oreg., by Bolinger and
Jewett.
The series includes specimens intermediate in color of legs be-
tween the black of purpureus and the red of rufipes as well as speci-
mens typical of each.
EXETASTES PILOSUS, new species
In my key to the North American species of H’vetastes * this species
will run to couplet 4, where it agrees with the first alternate in the
sculpture and pubescence of the head and thorax but disagrees with
the other three characters. The color pattern of the head and thorax
is like that of /astws, but the abdomen and legs are ferruginous. Be-
yond couplet 4 it runs, on most of the characters, to dbituminosus
Cushman, with which it agrees rather remarkably in the structure
of the head and the form of the abdomen, but differs in the exceed-
ingly slender antennae and legs as well as conspicuously in color.
Female.—Length 11 mm., antenna 11 mm.
Head and thorax mat, with very fine dense punctation and dense
silvery pubescence; temples strongly receding, nearly flat; occipital
carina sinuate below and joining hypostomal carina; ocellocular and
postocellar lines about equal and each much longer than diameter of
an ocellus; face twice as broad as long, as broad as length of the
parallel eyes, nearly flat, with a small median prominence; clypeus
slightly less than twice as broad as long, strongly rounded at apex,
transversely divided at basal third, apical part shining, finely
shagreened; malar space two-thirds as long as basal width of
mandible; mandible nearly twice as long as broad at base, teeth
equal; antenna 73-75-jointed, extremely slender filiform, basal joint
of flagellum fully six times as long as thick at apex but hardly twice
as long as second, subapical joints moniliform.
* Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, p. 249, 1937.
NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 365
Thorax rather slender; notaulices absent; scutellum narrow, not
at all margined; propodeum with carinae, but separated from meta-
pleuron by a distinct but uneven pleural carina, spiracles small.
Legs extremely slender, hind femur fully nine times as long as
deep and fully three-fourths as long as tibia; inner calcarium half
as long as basitarsus; claws slender, entirely without teeth; coxae
with sculpture and vestiture like thoracic.
Wings: Apical abscissa of radius strongly curved, hardly a half
longer than basal abscissa; second recurrent very strongly curved,
subangulate near top; nervulus slightly postfurcal; abscissula twice
as long as intercubitella.
Abdomen slender, compressed but not deep at apex, subpolished,
subtly shagreened and with scattered small punctures basally,
polished and unsculptured apically; first tergite twice as long as
broad, widening almost evenly from base to apex; second a little
longer than broad at base; ovipositor straight, sheath slightly shorter
than first tergite.
Head and thorax black; mandible medially, transverse ridge of
clypeus (sometimes the apical portion), and collar whitish; apex of
clypeus, anteroventral and upper margins of pronotum partly,
notaulices and lateral margins of mesoscutum, scutellum laterally
and apically, postscutellum, tegula, subalar tubercle, and apices of
propodeum and metapleuron yeilow to yellowish ferruginous; legs
ferruginous, coxae and trochanters black, front and middle ones
reddish below, hind coxa reddish piceous above, hind tarsus black;
wings hyaline, venation black, stigma pale at extreme base; abdomen
bright ferruginous, epipleura and sternites of segments 1-3 edged
with black, plica dusky testaceous; sheath black.
Male.—Essentially like female, but flagellum distinctly less slender,
legs even more slender and abdomen narrower, markings of thorax
and legs paler; hind coxa entirely black; genital sheath ferruginous.
Type locality —Corvallis, Oreg.
Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 53496.
Three females and one male collected October 25, 1935, by G. R.
Ferguson.
ATOPOTROPHOS, new name
Atopognathus CUSHMAN, Proc. Hnt. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, p. 116, 1919. Pre-
occupied by Atopognathus Bigot (1881) in Diptera.
I am indebted to Dr. Henry K. Townes, Jr., for calling my atten-
tion to the preoccupation of my generic name.
ATOPOTROPHOS COLLARIS (Cushman), new combination
Atopognatius collaris CUSHMAN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, p. 117,
fig. 1, 1919.
366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
ATOPOTROPHOS BUCEPHALUS (Cresson), new combination
Mesoleptus ? bucephalus Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 36, 1868.
This Mexican species, known only from the type male, is larger
than collaris (Cushman), with head relatively a littie smaller, malar
space shorter, abdomen more slender, and legs somewhat darker.
Genus PHYTODIETUS Gravenherst
PHYTODIETUS PULCHERRIMUS (Cresson)
Mesoleptus pulcherrimus Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 101, male,
1868.
Phytodietus distinctus Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 3, p. 166, 1870.
New synonymy.
Phytodietus zonatus PRovANCHER, Nat. Can., vol. 6, p. 79, 1874; Petit faune
entomologique du Canada, p. 483, female, 1883. New synonymy.
Phytodietus pulcherrimus (Cresson) PRovANCHER, Nat. Can., vol. 12, p. $i, 1880;
Petit faune entomologique du Canada, p. 484, male, 1883.
Mesosienus nobilis PRovANCHER, Nat. Can., vol. 18, p. 368, 1882; Petit faune
entomologique du Canada, p. 785, female, 1883. New synonymy.
Mesoleius telarius PRovANCHER, Additions et corrections au volume i de la
faune entomologique du Canada .. ., p. 106, female, 1886. New synonymy.
Meniscus pulcherrimus Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the
Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, p. 219, 1887.
Phytodietus distinctus CRESSON, Synopsis of the families and genera of the
Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, p. 219, 1887.
Phytodietus nobilis (Provancher) Davis, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
1894, p. 187.
Phytodietus telarius (Provancher) Davis, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
1894, p. 189.
Ctenopelma pulchra ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 22, p. 198, male, 1896.
Phytodietus pulchra (Ashmead) Davis, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 340,
1897.
Phytodietus pulcherrimus (Cresson) Rouwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57,
p. 462, male, 1920.
Phytodietus distinctus (Cresson) Rouwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, p. 463,
female, 1920.
T have for a long time been convinced of the identity of pulcher-
rimus and distinctus. Recently additional evidence of this synonymy
has come to hand in the rearing by B. J. Landis August 19-26, 1935,
at Columbus, Ohio, from Lowostege similalis Guenée, of four females
(distinctus) and two males (pulcherrimus).
Both sexes vary greatly in color, especially the female. In the
latter sex the body, with the exception of yellow markings on the
orbits, the scutellum and postscutellum, and narrow apices of some
of the tergites, may be entirely black, while at the other extreme are
specimens with the propodeum, metapleuron, and first three or four
tergites largely red and the head, thorax, and abdomen profusely
marked with yellow. Between these two extremes all gradations
occur.
NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSH MAN 367
Genus OPHION Fabricius
OPHION BERMUDENSIS, new species
Of the Neotropical species keyed out by Morley* the present
species runs best to intricatus Brullé, but that is a much larger and
paler species.
Female—Length 11 mm., antennae 11 mm.
Head thin, the temples strongly receding, convex; posterior ocelli
nearly touching the eyes and separated from each other by somewhat
less than the diameter of an ocellus; eyes very large, nearly reaching
bases of mandibles, strongly emarginate within; face below very
slightly broader than frons; convex medially, clypeal foveae deep,
clypeus barely extending below lower tangent of eyes, its apex
broadly arcuate and with a narrow reflexed margin; mandibles stout,
barely a half longer than broad at base; antenna 47-jointed, mod-
erately stout, tapering at apex, all joints of flagellum distinetly
longer than thick, the first joint much less than twice as long as
second.
Thorax stout, about a half longer than deep; mesoscutum finely
and sparsely punctate, notaulices distinct and broad anteriorly, ob-
soletely indicated well back; scutellum convex, sparsely punctate,
inargined basally; mesopleuron granularly opaque and indefinitely
rugulose below, polished and sparsely punctate above; propodeum
opaque, granularly rugulose, completely areolated except that basal
median area is not defined and the apical carina is interrupted be-
tween the median carinae, the basal carina weaker laterally, as are
also the lateral carinae (in some of the other specimens these weak
carinae are even weaker almost to the extent of being absent).
Legs stout, the hind femur barely twice as long as coxa and hardly
six times as long as deep; apical joint of hind tarsus not longer than
fourth.
Wings: Basal abscissa of radius straight, not thickened at base,
apical abscissa gently curved and about two and one-half times as
long as basal abscissa; basal vein straight; first recurrent nearly
erect, ramellus reaching fully halfway to basal vein; intercubitus,
second abscissa of cubitus, and second recurrent nearly in the ratio
of 1:2:4; nervulus slightly antefurcal; radiella strongly curved at
base, basal abscissa nearly as long as apical abscissa; intercubitella
about a third as long as basal abscissa of radiella; nervellus strongly
broken at or a little above middle, reclivous, its upper abscissa
perpendicular.
4 Revision of the Ichneumonidae based on the collection in the British Museum (Natural
History), pt. 1, p. 54, 1912.
3868 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL. 88
Abdomen barely twice as long as head and thorax; spiracles of
first segment at apical two-fifths; second tergite much shorter than
first and barely as long as third.
Reddish brown; orbits and vertex whitish; face medially brighter
than general body color and clypeus and mandibles ferruginous; an-
tennae ferruginous, scape and pedicel darker; scutellum and thoracic
sutures paler than general color; wings hyaline, veins blackish,
stigma ferruginous, paler toward apex, tegulae and radices stramine-
ous; legs concolorous with body, the trochanters, tibiae, and tarsi
more ferruginous.
Male—kKssentially like female.
Type locality —Bermuda.
Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 538497.
One female and four males received from Fred M. Schott. Two
of the males are a little larger and slightly lighter in color.
Genus IDECHTHIS Foerster
IDECHTHIS PERUVIANA, new species
Very similar to the cosmopolitan J, canescens (Gravenhorst), from
which it differs principally in the somewhat stouter antennae with
the subapical joints shorter than thick and not at all moniliform,
the finer and denser punctation of meoscutum, and the black second
tergite with apical angles triangularly ferruginous.
Female.—Length 7 mm., antennae 4 mm., ovipositor sheath 2 mm.
Head opaque, with dense, glittering, silvery pubescence on face,
clypeus, sides of frons, temples, and cheeks; temples convexly reced-
ing, seen from above half as long as short diameter of eye; diameter
of an ocellus distinctly longer than ocellocular line and about two-
thirds as long as postocellar line; eyes shallowy concave opposite
antennae; face very sightly narrower than shortest width of
frons; antenna 35-jointed, flagellum of uniform thickness, basal joint
hardly four times as long as thick, subapical jomts slightly thicker
than long, not at all moniliform.
Thorax with vestiture like that of head, opaque; pronotum finely
punctate, the scrobe shining and transversely striate; mesoscutum
very finely, confluently punctate; scutellum more sparsely and finely
punctate; mesopleuron and metapleuron very finely shagreened, with
minute sparse punctures, speculum polished, scrobe transversely
striate; propodeum overlapping basal half of hind coxae, basally
shagreened and punctate, apically transversely rugulose, areola
elongate, parallel-sided behind costulae, confinent with petiolar area.
Legs: Hind femur and tibia rather stout, tarsus little longer than
tibia, longer calcarium not quite reaching middle of basitarsus.
NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 369
Wings: Areolet very small, with long petiole; postnervellus broken
at middle, nervellus strongly inclivous, unbroken.
Abdomen slender, minutely granular, subopaque; first segment
without trace of grooves or foveae, postpetiole nearly twice as broad
as petiole; second tergite four times as long as broad at base and
much more than twice as broad at apex as at base, spiracies slightly
less than three-fifths of way from base to apex; segments beyond
third compressed ; ovipositor slender, upeurved, sheath a little more
than one and a half times as long as first segment.
Black with abdomen beyond second tergite and the femora largely
ferruginous; scape and pedicel in front, mandible, palpi, and tegulae
yellow; scape and pedicel piceous above, flagellum black; wings
hyaline, venation blackish; front and middle coxae and trochanters,
apices of their femora, and pases of their tibiae yellow, femora other-
wise ferruginous and tibiae and tarsi stramineous; hind coxa black,
its apex broadly and trochanter beneath yellow, femur piceoferrugi-
nous, tibia and tarsus blackish, the tibia with a trace of yellow at
extreme base above, calcaria yellow; first segment entirely black,
second black with apical corners ferruginous, other tergites ferrugi-
nous more or less blackish above.
Male.—Essentially like female.
Type locality —Lima, Peru.
Host.—Mescinia peruella Schaus.
Type—U.S.N.M. No. 53498.
Three females and one male reared by Dr. J. Wille under his num-
bers 318-30, 45-31, and 226-82.
Tribe CREMASTINI
BRACHYSCLEROMA, new genus
Head very thin, sublenticular, temples very strongly receding, some-
times nearly perpendicular to longitudinal axis; ocelli small in both
sexes; clypeus more or less distinctly separated from face, apically
subacute, with an oblique impression on each side along margin; malar
space long; mandible small, upper tooth longer than lower; antennal
scape subcylindrical, hardly thicker than flagellum, apex hardly ob-
lique; flagellum setiform, tapering from base to apex, with long, very
dense reclinate pubescence and also with erect verticillate hairs at
apex of each joint, all joints short, basal joint shorter than scape;
palpi of only moderate length and very slender; maxillae of normal
length and form.
Thorax very robust; mesoscutum precipitate anteriorly, notaulices
not or weakly defined; scutellum strongly margined to apex laterally;
mesopleuron with a broad, deep, oblique furrow, usually foveolate at
370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
bottom ; sternaulices deep, more or less foveolate; propodeum strongly
rounded, perpendicular apically, not overlapping hind coxae, com-
pletely areolated except that apical abscissa of lateral carina and
sometimes costellae are absent.
Legs moderately stout and, especially hind legs, very long; tibiae,
especially hind tibia, very coarsely and deeply punctate and with
coarse, long hair; claws very small, pectinate, the pecten of each claw
composed of two or three slender teeth; calcaria very long, inner one
of each pair much longer than outer.
Wings broad, nearly or quite reaching apex of abdomen; stigma
narrow, radius at or slightly beyond middle; basal vein perpendicular,
curved; metacarpus much longer than stigma; areolet small, oblique,
recurrent near apex; discocubitus sharply curved or broken basad of
bulla; recurrent straight, bulla weakly divided; nervulus broken far
below middle; abscissula nearly or quite as long as intercubitella;
mediella distinct to base; nervulus broken far below middle and
strongly inclivous; longitudinal veins of hind wing obsolete beyond
cross veins.
Abdomen relatively short and slender; first segment about as long
as next two combined, postpetiole much longer than broad, sternite
not reaching spiracles and not at all enclosed by lateral margins of
tergite; tergite 2 distinctly shorter than 3, epipleura not carinately
separated, spiracles in epipleura; ovipositor long and extremely
slender, attenuate apically, apical notch inconspicuous.
Genotype.—Brachyscleroma apoderi, new species.
Of the other cremastine genera Brachyscleroma is most. closely
alhed to Dimophora Foerster, resembling that genus in the short,
robust thorax with distinct sternaulices; the margined scutellum; the
strongly rounded and posteriorly precipitate propodeum not over-
lapping the hind coxae; the stout, long hind legs; and the short abdo-
men with relatively long first segment and short second and third
segments, the first sternite not at all covered by the lateral margins
of the tergite and not nearly reaching the spiracles. Many of the
characters common to the two genera are exaggerated in Brachyscle-
roma, the sternaulices are deeper and more or less foveolate; the
scutellum is margined to apex, not merely at base; the hind legs are
relatively longer as compared to the front legs; and the first ab-
dominal segment is relatively longer and the second and third seg-
ments are relatively shorter. Otherwise Brachyscleroma differs from
Dimophora by most of the features mentioned in the description,
notably the thin, lenticular head; the deep, oblique mesopleural fur-
row; the narrow stigma; the small, oblique areolet; the very short
second tergite with spiracles in the epipleura, which are not cari-
nately separated; and the very long, slender ovipositor.
The coleopterous host is also unusual for a cremastine.
NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 371
BRACHYSCLEROMA APODERI, new species
FIGURE 16
Female-—Length 5 mm., antenna 3 mm., ovipositor sheath 4 mm.
Head more than 2.5 times as broad as thick; temples flat, polished,
nearly perpendicular to longitudinal axis; postocellar line longer than
ocellocular line and more than twice as long as diameter of an ocellus;
frons transversely striatopunctate; face nearly twice as long as broad,
1B
Ficurp 16.—Brachyscleroma apoderi, new genus and species.
372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
coarsely, densely umbilicate-punctate, this sculpture extending onto
base of clypeus and obscuring the separating furrow; malar space
nearly as long as basal width of mandible, rugose before and striate
behind malar furrow; scape nearly twice as long as thick, about twice
as long as pedicel and much longer than first joint of flagellum;
flagellum 27-jointed, fully twice as thick at base as at apex and
tapering gradually, the jomts successively very slightly shorter from
base to apex.
Thorax nearly as deep as long; densely punctate dorsally, mostly
polished laterally, with all lateral furrows strongly foveolate; prono-
tum punctate along humeral margin; notaulices not defined; scutel-
lum more coarsely punctate than mesoscutum, scutellar furrow
foveolate; mesopleural furrow and sternaulices strongly foveolate;
propodeum polished, margins of areas foveolate; median areas narrow,
areola pentagonal with costulae behind middle; inner hind calearium
about three-fourths as long as basitarsus; tarsus hardly as long as
tibia, basitarsus hardly longer than jomts 2 and 3 combined.
Abdomen little more than half as broad as thorax; with dense,
long pubescence except on broad, polished, median, apical areas of
first three tergites and middle areas of other tergites. Black; man-
dibles and polished apical portion of clypeus light brownish; palpi
white; antenna fuscous, stramineous basally; wings hyaline, vena-
tion brown, stigma paler, costa and radix stramineous, tegula tes-
taceous; front and middle legs stramineous; hind coxa piceous,
stramineous ventrally, trochanter stramineous, femur and tibia rufo-
fuscous, femur paler apically; joints 2-4 of tarsus paler than basi-
tarsus; petiole whitish, postpetiole black; rest of abdomen rufotes-
taceus, paler toward apex, tergite 2 partly reddish piceous toward
apex; ovipositor sheath brownish yellow.
Male—vVery similar to female in both structure and color, but
tergites beyond first brownish, with base and sides of second and
pasal angles of third whitish; genitalia white.
Host—Apoderus quadripunctatus Gyllenhal.
Type locality —TVjipetir, Java.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53499.
One female and two males reared in 1936 by J. Van der Vecht.
Genus PSEUDERIPTERNUS Viereck
PSEUDERIPTERNUS ELONGATUS (Davis), new combination
Ateleuti (sic!) elongatus Davis, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 362, 1897.
Pseuderipternus gracilipes CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 507, 1917.
New synonymy.
Paratype a of gracilipes has been compared with the type of
elongatus and found almost identical.
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington: 1940 No. 3084
THE SCOLYTID BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS
CASEY, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NINE NEW SPECIES
By M. W. Buackman
For more than 45 years specimens of undescribed species of
Renocis Casey have been accumulating in the National Museum
owing to the efforts of various collectors... Most of these specimens
were collected in the Southwestern States. The species occurring in
these arid and semi-arid regions are found in a variety of hosts.
Species of the family Rosaceae (Malus, Amelanchier, Cercocarpus,
Cowania, and Prunus) most frequently serve as hosts, but at least
three Leguminosae (Lysenhardtia, Prosopis, and Parkinsonia) and
in addition species of Rhus, Ribes, and Covillea, and of the genus
Encelia of the Compositae, are also attacked by one or several species
of Renocis.
It is doubtful whether any of the species ever breed successfully
in the vigorous tissues of their hosts; but as the plants upon which
they depend are common in grazing lands, a plentiful supply of in-
jured and broken shrubs or limbs is always available in such areas.
1Included among these are E. A. Schwarz, H. G. Hubbard, H. S. Barber, D. W. Coquillett,
H. F. Wickham, and A. D. Hopkins, formerly chief of the division of forest insect investi-
gations, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, and his field force, including J. M. Miller, F. P. Keen,
H. E. Patterson, W. F. Fiske, J. L. Webb, George Hofer, M. Crissman, and B. T. Harvey.
Other specimens have been more recently received from the Southwest through J. N. Knull,
T. O. Thatcher, and William Nye, and from Brazil through D. da Rocha. Also several
series of a Mexican species have been intercepted by the New York, N. Y., Brownsville, Tex.,
and Nogales, Ariz., plant quarantine stations of this bureau.
190798—40——_1 373
374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
In these semiarid regions, also, many of the host plants are weakened
by drought, thus becoming suitable hosts for Renocis. Scorching of
the host by light ground fires also furnishes suitable breeding ma-
terial. On the other hand, the beetles’ breeding activities in broken
limbs and shrubs and in shrubs and small trees weakened by other
causes may greatly increase the fire hazard.
While the hosts affected by species of Renocis are not usually pro-
ducers of valuable wood, they are of great use as browse for both
wild and domestic herbivora and are valuable in binding the soil on
watersheds. Their destruction by fire and insects may result in
serious erosion of the watershed, silting of the storage basins, or even
disastrous landslides. Several species of Renocis are also known to
attack fruit trees and shrubs, but they are not known to be really
destructive in well-kept orchards.
Drawings for the figures herein were made under the author’s
supervision by Mrs. Eleanor A. Carlin, of the United States Bureau
of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.
Genus RENOCIS Casey
Renocis Casey, California Acad. Sci. Bull. 6, pp. 257-259, 1886.—Swainre, New
York State Mus. Bull. 134, p. 144, 1909; Canada Dept. Agr. Ent. Branch,
Bull. 14, pt. 2, p. 39, 1918—Bruck, Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci.,
vol. 35, pt. 1, p. 41; pt. 2, pp. 119-120, 1936. (Genotype, Renocis hetero-
dorus Casey.)
Pseudocryphalus SwWAINkE, Canada Dept. Agr., Ent. Branch, Bull. 14, pt. 1, p. 20,
1917; pt. 2, pp. 40, 57, 1918.—Brucx, Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci.
vol. 35, pt. 1, p. 35; pt. 2, pp. 121-123, 1986. (Gentoype, Pseuwdocryphalus
brittaini Swaine.)
Description—Body stout, usually less than twice as long as wide.
Head deflexed, slightly visible from above; frons concave in male
at least, with longer, coarser setae at sides and above; antennal
funicle 5-jointed, club compressed, often elongate, with three annu-
late-setigerous sutures; eyes elongate, sinuate or feebly emarginate
in front. Pronotum defiexed, feebly arched, much wider than long,
strongly narrowed in front, anterior margin usually unarmed, but
with a fringe of erect setae, not sharply margined at sides, clothed
in recumbent scales, with two or three small groups of asperities on
disk at each side; scutellum lacking. Elytra with base strongly ele-
vated and with coarse crenulations; punctate striate; interspaces
clothed with recumbent scales, with a median row of erect setae on
each; declivity unmodified, impressed or sulcate. First and second
abdominal sternites subequal, each as long as third and fourth united ;
prosternum short but always present, partly or wholly concealed
by the bulbous forecoxae; marginal teeth on foretibia varying with
species from long and slender to short and stout.
BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 375
Remarks.—Casey’s description of the genus Renocis and the species
heterodoxus was based upon a single specimen, and this not in perfect
condition. This precluded the making of dissections and special
mounts of parts that are essential in the proper study of such small
snsects. For this reason Casey’s original description of Renocis may
be modified and amplified in several respects.
On page 257 Casey says, “Anterior coxae in contact with the head
beneath; prosternum entirely obsolete before them.” Dissection dem-
onstrates that the prosternum is always present (fig. 17, a) though
rather narrow, and although it is concealed by the bulbous forecoxae
in the entire specimen, its presence may be inferred with certainty
by the very evident white setae, arising from the edge of the pro-
sternum, which may be seen, even in the type, between the coxae and
the head. He also described the teeth on the outer margin of the
foretibia as “short, very robust spinules.” As shown by figure 18, e,
these are neither short nor very robust as compared with those of
many other scolytids. Also the antennal club in Renocis heterodoxus
only appears to be “longer than the entire preceding portion.”
Actually it is considerably shorter (fig. 17, h).
It seems certain that Swaine’s genus Pseudocryphalus would not
have been proposed had Casey’s description been more accurate, for
the main characters in which his description differs from that of
Casey have to do with the prosternum and the tibial teeth. Indeed,
Swaine’s description of Pseudocryphalus applies very closely to the
type species of Renocis—much more closely than Casey’s description.
LeConte’s genus Chaetophloeus (figs. 17, g; 18, 0), represented by
the single species C. hystrix LeConte, is similar to Renocis in several
respects such as body form and proportions, general structure of the
frons, antennae, and eyes, and the strongly elevated and crenulate
anterior margins of the elytra. It differs, however, in that the third
joint of the tarsus is wider and distinctly emarginate; the pronotum
is not strongly deflexed and its anterior margin does not have a
fringe of specialized, coarse, erect setae; and the punctures through-
out are coarse, deep, and close and give rise to erect, hairlike setae.
The genus Renocis as here constituted includes species that are
strikingly different in superficial aspects and that indeed show differ-
ences in certain structures that in other groups might warrant includ-
ing the species under several different genera. However, a careful
study of both entire and dissected specimens shows that in the
essential characters mentioned in the revised generic description the
necessary uniformity exists. Forms as dissimilar superficially as
parkinsoniae, penicillatus, and braziliensis show all the essential
generic characters found in the type species, heterodowus.
376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
In the following key to the species of Renocis the chief considera-
tion has been to make it useful in the ready separation of the species,
rather than to attempt to express genetic relationships. If the latter
purpose were to be considered of primary importance, it is felt that
such species as heterodoxus, commixtus, brittaini, criddlei, and brun-
meus should perhaps be placed closer together. With these probable
relationships ignored it is believed that a more workable key has
resulted.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF RENOCIS CASEY
1. Frons of female feebly to moderately impressed or concave, that
; of male more strongly concave; disk of elytra with median
row of long erect setae in each interspace; declivity im-
pressed or) suleatesin swtural region2s-—< _ eS ete eee 2
Frons of female flat, that of male strongly, broadly concave;
elytra with median row of setae in each interspace erect, but
short, wide, and often scalelike; declivity not impressed or
SUlCATE SIN" SUEUTATERE LTO Tee AE Sete ee See eee 11
2. Base of pronotum procurved or deeply, broadly emarginate;
elytral declivity strongly suleate between the elevated third
interspaces, with median rows of setae much reduced or lack-
ing in’ first,and Second interspaces= sae 3
Base of pronotum procurved or shallowly emarginate; elytral
declivity impressed or weakly sulcate in sutural area, with
median rows of setae present in all interspaces_____-_-_-________--_-__- 5
3. Large and stouter, about 1.7 times as long as wide; antennal
club (fig. 17, b, c) very large and slender, 3 times as long as
wide, distinctly longer than scape and funicle combined; pro-
notum with 3 groups of small, slender asperities at each side;
anterior margins of elytra strongly elevated and serrate with
median portion displaced posteriorly; declivity deeply and
broadly sulecate, with setae in interspaces 3, 5, 7, and 9 more
numerous, very large, terete; foretibia (fig. 18, a, 6) with
NA Peete ae ae parkinsoniae, new species (p. 378)
Smaller and less stout, at least 1.8 times as long as wide;
antennal club (fig. 17, d) shorter than scape and funicle com-
bined, less than 2.5 times as long as wide; pronotum with 2
groups of sharp asperities at each side; anterior margins of
elytra strongly elevated and serrate, forming a continuous
line; declivity broadly shallowly sulcate, with setae except
in interspaces 1 and 2 moderately larger, spatulate; foretibia
with fewer, Slender Leek (Hes 1S, aC)) a ee 4
4. Frons with a low, granulate tubercle at each side of median
line; pronotum with dark-brown scales forming a diamond-
shaped median marking and an oblong spot at each side of
disk; elytra with sutural light stripe and alternate fasciae
of brown and of white scales; body form twice as long as
NOW 1 Cl er esa ees ee aC ere ee ee ER maclayi (Bruck) (p. 382)
Frons with sides finely granulate-punctate, without tubercle;
pronotum with cinereous and light-brown scales, the latter
forming an oblong spot at each side of disk; elytra with uni-
10.
at.
BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—-BLACKMAN ott
formly cinereous scales, with no evidence of fasciae; stouter,
about 1.8 to 1.85 times as long as wide____pruinosus, new species (p. 383)
. Declivity subsuleate, with first and second interspaces broad
and nearly flat; pronotum with 2 groups of asperities at
each sideo2222 2-2-2) ee a Seen nn 6
Declivity with first striae more strongly impressed, suture ele-
vated, second interspaces convex; pronotum with 2 or 3
groups of asperities at each Sid Quel a: a a eee ee 8
_ Smaller and stouter, about 1.75 times as long as wide; base of
pronotum broadly, moderately deeply emarginate, with emar-
gination bisinuate; front margin not bisinuate; elytra with
median portion of serrate anterior margin displaced poste-
riorly ; cinereous scales forming fascia across middle of elytra.
fasciatus, new species (p. 385)
Larger and not so stout, more than 1.8 times as long as wide;
pase of pronotum broadly procurved, with median portion
not bisinuate; front margin bisinuate; elytra with serrate
anterior margin bisinuate, forming a continuous line; with
no fascia of light scales across middle of elytra-------------------- U
. Piceous-brown to black; with dark-brown and cinereous scales;
frons often with coarse granule or tooth at each side; ante-
rior tibia with 8 teeth on outer margin (fig. 18, e).
heterodoxus Casey (p. 387)
Reddish brown; with cinnamon-brown and cinereous scales ;
frons granulate-punctate at sides, without special granule or
tooth; anterior tibia with 10 teeth on outer margin (fig. 18, f).
brunneus, new species (p. 389)
. Pronotum with 2 groups of asperities at each side, base nearly
straight; elytra stouter, 1.25 times as long as wide, striae dis-
tinctly, equally impressed, with first not notably stronger;
scales not concealing the surface, with few light ones; fore-
tibia with 8 teeth on outer margin (fig. 18, g).
fuscus, new species (p. 391)
Pronotum with 3 groups of asperities at each side, base pro- }
curved; elytra 1.4-1.5 times as long as wide, striae, except
first, rather feebly impressed ; scales concealing most of sur-
face, many of them cinereous--~---—------------------—------------- 9
_Frons with a subtriangular concavity, the sides granulate-
punctate; pronotum with anterior margin feebly sinuate at
middle; elytra 1.4 times as long as wide; foretibia with 9-11
teeth on outer margin (fig. 18, h, i) ------ commixtus, new species (p. 392)
Frons feebly concave, with a coarse granule at each side; pro-
notum with anterior margin broadly emarginate at middle;
elytra about 1.5 times as long as wide------------------------------- 10
Elytra with striae distinctly, rather strongly impressed, strial
punctures rather coarse, deep, and distinect___brittaini (Swaine) (p. 394)
Elytra with striae very feebly impressed, punctures small and
closely placed__------------------------------ criddlei (Swaine) (p. 395)
Pronotum at base with sinuate emargination, with a pencil of
long fine setae at each side just behind anterior margin,
longer and more conspicuous in male; elytra with median
portion of serrate anterior margins displaced posteriorly ;
378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
each interspace with a row of conspicuous, erect, broad, scale-
like setae; foretibia (fig. 18, 7) with 6 long, slender teeth on
outer margin 22 Sera wee ee Sere penicillatus Bruck (p. 395)
Pronotum procurved or emarginate at base, without a pencil of
long setae; elytra with the serrate anterior margins forming
a continuous line; each interspace with median row of scale-
like setae, shorter and inconspicous; foretibia with stout teeth
on outer margin. (fig:<1S,¢h=12) == eC See eee 12
12. Black, almost exactly twice as long as wide, scales and setae
mostly piceous with fewer cinereous scales; antenna (fig.
17, n) with club very large, more than twice as long as wide,
as long as funicle and scape together; pronotum with asperi-
ties reduced to granules; elytra with marginal serrations sup-
plemented by a row of 4 teeth just behind margin, 2 on each
elytron; striae weakly impressed; foretibia (fig. 18, k) with
8 or 9 teeth on outer margin-_-__-______ mexicanus, new species (p. 397)
Reddish brown, less than 1.85 times as long as wide, clothed
mostly in cinereous seales with a few fulvous ones; antennal
club rather large, broadly oval, less than 1.6 times as long as
wide, shorter than funicle and scape together; pronotum with
asperities slender, but high and sharp; elytra with marginal
serrations supplemented or not by a Second row; striae dis-
tINnGtly impressed = Ss tw Oh ee ee eae eee ee eee 13
13. Antennal club (fig. 17, 0) 1.58 times as long as wide; pronotum
with seales nearly uniformly cinereous; each elytron with a
row of 7 or 8 teeth on anterior margin and a single tooth behind
this row; foretibia (fig. 18, 1, m) with 7-9 teeth on outer
Margins AIG BER VO WA Ie eee braziliensis, new species (p. 398)
Antennal club (fig. 17, p) 1.33 times as long as wide; pronotum
with cinereous scales at sides and behind, and fulvous ones
on most of disk; each elytron with a row of 8 teeth on ante-
rior margin and no supplementary ones; foretibia (fig. 18, n)
with 4 short, stout teeth on outer margin___insularis, new species (p. 400)
RENOCIS PARKINSONIAE, new species
Ficures 17, 0, c; 18, a, b
Female.—Reddish brown, with most of scales small and with very
coarse, erect, nearly white setae; 1.77 to 2.43 mm. long, holotype 2.2 mm.
long, 1.7 times as long as wide.
Frons with epistoma subcarinate, shining in median line, with
margin produced into a sharp median point, and with a fringe of
nearly white slender setae, covering basal half of mandibles; arcu-
ately, transversely impressed above epistoma, with impression
widened in the median area to form a broad, short, shallow concavity
between eyes, not strongly elevated at sides and above; surface red-
dish brown, moderately shining, very finely punctate, with interspaces
very finely reticulate-granulate, with a few low granules at the sides
and above; surface partly concealed by moderately coarse, light
cinereous hairs, those at the sides and above being slightly more
\A
iM: Sch
\! shuts
Wir
titan
Ficure 17.—Species of Renocis and Cha
balsam mounts of dissections, with the ai
a, X ca. 49; all others, X 79.)
a, g, h, Renocis heterodoxus Casey: a,
Prosternum, with coxae removed from coxal cavities
to show presence of short prosternum, which is ordinarily concealed by bulbous
forecoxae; g, antennal club of female; A, antenna of male.
b, c, R. parkinsoniae, new species: b, antenna of female; c, antennal club of male.
d, R. pruinosus, new species: Antenna of female.
e, f, R. fasciatus, new species: ¢, Antennal club of male; f, antenna of female.
i, R. brunneus, new species: Antenna of male.
j, R. fuscus, new species: Antennal club.
k,l, R. commixtus, new species: k, Antennal club of male;
m, R. penicillatus Bruck: Antenna.
n, R. mexicanus, new species: Antenna of male.
o, R. braziliensis, new species: Antenna of male.
p, R. insularis, new species: Antenna of female.
q, Chaetophloeus hystrix LeConte: Antenna.
etophloeus. (All drawings except a made from
d of acompound microscope and a camera lucida.
1, antenna of female.
379
380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
abundant and coarser. Eye scarcely 3 times as long as wide, finely
granulate, inner line sinuate. Antenna (fig. 17, 6) with club com-
prising more than one-half of total length, 3 times as long as wide, ,
with three straight, setigerous, annulate sutures, setae slender.
Pronotum 1.53 times as wide as long, widest on posterior third; ;
base with broad, deep, bisinuate emargination; sides strongly arcuate,
constricted and transversely impressed just behind front margin,
)
}
)
which is very broadly rounded, feebly sinuate in median area; sur- »
face reddish brown, finely, closely granulate-punctate; with three)
groups of rather long, sharp asperities at each side—anterior group, ,
usually 2, just behind anterior margin; middle group, usually 2, back
of transverse impression; posterior group, usually 8, on the posterior »
half; surface nearly concealed by small, stout scales, most of them
light cinereous, except for an admixture of fulvous ones on anterior
third of disk and extending backward at each side of posterior group
of asperities ; anterior margin with a fringe of coarse, moderately long
setae, shorter in the median line; anterior row of fringe light cinere-
ous, those behind testaceous to fulvous.
Elytra 1.2 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum;
sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, broadly rounded
behind and strongly emarginate in median area; basal margins
strongly elevated in each elytron from suture to fourth stria;
each with six dark-brown teeth, the median three on each side
displaced posteriorly, and more or less fused in a crescent-shaped
row; striae narrow, moderately impressed except the first, punctures
moderately coarse and close; interspaces weakly convex on disk,
finely rugose punctate; surface on disk clothed with small, stout,
semierect, scalelike, cinereous setae, and in the middle of each inter-
space a row of longer, erect setae, not flattened but terete, becoming
much longer, coarser and blunt behind. Declivity originating just
behind middle, sloping, deeply, broadly sulcate between the third
interspaces, which are very strongly elevated, with both median and
lateral setae very coarse, terete, longer and erect, forming a high
ridge each side of sulcus; fifth, seventh, and ninth interspaces less
strongly elevated, also with long, coarse setae; sulcus with suture
slightly elevated; first striae impressed; second interspace narrow;
setae lacking or nearly so in interspaces 1 and 2.
Ventral surface dark reddish brown, shining, sparsely clothed
with nearly white, bifurcate scales except on last three abdominal
segments; third and fourth segments with erect, fulvous, undivided
setae except at sides; last segment as long as third and fourth com-
bined, with erect, fulvous setae. Foretibia with 9-11 rather coarse
teeth on outer margin, occasionally with teeth more numerous
(fig. 18, a, b).
:
Ficure 18.—Species of Renocis and Chaetophloeus. (Drawings made from balsam mounts
of dissections, with the aid of a compound microscope and a camera lucida. X 79.)
a, b, Renocis parkinsoniae, new species: a, Foretibia and tarsus of female; b, foretibia and
tarsus of male.
c, R. pruinosus, new species: Foretibia of female.
d, R. fasciatus, new species: Foretibia of female.
é, R. heterodoxus Casey: Foretibia.
f, R. brunneus, new species: Foretibia and tarsus of male.
g, R. fuscus, new species: Foretibia.
h, 1, R. commixtus, new species: h, Foretibia of male; 1, foretibia of female.
j, R. penicillatus Bruck: Foretibia and tarsus.
k, R. mexicanus, new species: Foretibia of male.
L, m, R. braziliensis, new species: /, Foretibia of female; m, foretibia and tarsus of male.
n, R. insularis, new species: Foretibia and tarsus of male.
0, Chaetophloeus hystrix LeConte.
190798—40 2 381
382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
Male.—Similar in size and habitus to female, but with frons more
deeply concave and frontal hairs more numerous and longer; antennal
club longer and more slender, definitely longer than rest of antenna;
anterior margin of pronotum with longer setae; pronotal asperities
usually smaller; venter of last abdominal segment slightly shorter,
with setae diverging from median line.
Type locality—Catalina Springs, Ariz.
Additional localities —Hot Springs and Sabino Canyon, Ariz.
Host.—Parkinsonia microphylla Torrey.
Type material—Holotype, allotype, and 89 paratypes, U.S.N.M.
No. 52949.
Remarks.—Holotype, allotype, and 74 paratypes were collected and
bred from Parkinsonia at Catalina Springs, Ariz., by Hubbard and
Schwarz; 3 paratypes from Hot Springs, Ariz., Barber and Schwarz;
12 paratypes collected from Parkinsonia microphylla at Sabino Can-
yon, Ariz., by George Hofer.
RENOCIS MACLAYI (Bruck), new combination
Pseudocryphalus maciayi Bruck, Bull, Southern California Acad. Sci., vol. 35,
pt. 1, p. 35; pt. 2, p) 122, 1936.
Female——Dark brown, color pattern variegated with dark brown
and nearly white scales and setae; paratype 1.82 mm. long, about
twice as long as wide.
Frons with a short, sharp, median point on epistomal margin, with
a fringe of light yellow-cinereous setae covering more than basal half
of mandibles; transversely, arcuately impressed just above epistoma,
broadly longitudinally impressed in median line; surface shining,
finely, rather closely punctured, with fine, moderately sparse granules
over most of surface; with a more strongly granulate, moderate ele-
vation at each side, just mesad of upper angle of eye; surface mostly
concealed by rather coarse recumbent and suberect setae, cinereous
below and in median line, brown above. Eye about 8 times as long
as wide, finely granulate, the inner margin broadly sinuate. Antenna
with club slightly more than twice as long as wide, considerably
shorter than remaining visible parts, with 3 nearly straight, annulate-
setigerous sutures.
Pronotum about 1.5 times as wide as long, widest well in front of
base, which is broadly procurved; sides strongly arcuate behind,
strongly narrowed anteriorly; constricted and transversely impressed
just behind the nearly straight, slightly sinuate front margin; sur-
face dark brown, shining, finely, rather closely punctured, with inter-
spaces minutely reticulate-granulate; with two groups of rather
coarse, high asperities at each side; surface clothed with small, wide,
recumbent, light-cinereous scales, which are nearly white over most
of surface, but are brown in a median, irregular diamond-shaped or
BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 383
“arrowhead-shaped” spot, and in a smaller, irregular-shaped spot at
each side involving both groups of asperities; anterior margin with
very sparse fringe of lighter brown, erect setae.
Elytra 1.28 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum;
sides subparallel on anterior two-thirds, broadly rounded behind;
each basal margin strongly elevated from first to fifth interspace,
with 6 coarse crenulations, very coarse nearest suture; striae dis-
tinctly but rather weakly impressed, with punctures moderate and
fairly close; interspaces nearly flat, finely rugose punctate; surface
nearly concealed by numerous small, rather narrow, semirecumbent
scales, some of them brown and some very light cinereous; light scales
forming the usual sutural stripe, and two broad fasciae, one in an-
terior half of elytra, the second involving entire face of declivity;
each interspace with a median row of erect, broad, spatulate setae,
brown or cinereous in color;.each elytron with a dense group of erect
brow setae just behind the basal elevation. Declivity moderately
steep, very broadly sulcate between third interspaces, first and second
interspaces fiat, nearly devoid of erect median setae; third interspace
rather high, with median erect setae more numerous than on disk,
forming a partial double row.
Ventral surface dark brown, shining, sparsely clothed with white,
recumbent, bifurcate scales, which are suberect on last three ab-
dominal segments. Foretibia with six rather long teeth on outer
margin.
Type locality—lLos Angeles County, Calif.
Host.—Encelia californica Nuttall.
Type material—Holotype in collection of C. R. Bruck. Para-
types: Collection of California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco,
Calif.; Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada; Los Angeles
Museum; collection of A. T. McClay.
Remarks.—The foregoing description was prepared from a para-
type of Pseudocryphalus maclayi Bruck loaned by the Los Angeles
Museum through the courtesy of Dr. John A. Comstock and Dr. W.
Dwight Pierce. The paratype bears the data “Westwood Hills, L. A.
Co. Cal., 1.26.1986; Encelia californica; A. T. McClay, Collector.”
From comparison with other species of Renocis it is believed that
this paratype is a female. No other specimens have been seen by the
writer.
RENOCIS PRUINOSUS, new species
Ficures 17, d; 18, ¢ f
Female.—Light reddish brown, but appearing pruinose owing to
light-cinereous scales; 1.8 to 2.25 mm. long; holotype 2.14 mm. long,
1.85 times as long as wide.
384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
Frons with epistomal margin bearing a median sharp point, with
a fringe of cinereous setae covering most of mandibles; with an
arcuate transverse impression just behind the epistoma, which is
widened in median area to a point well above the eyes, forming a
median concavity; elevated at sides and above; surface brown, shin-
ing, finely punctate in concavity, finely and closely granulate-punctate
at sides and above; clothed with moderately long, rather coarse,
testaceous setae, more abundant at sides and above. Eye finely granu-
late, more than 3 times as long as wide, the inner margin rather
weakly sinuate. Antenna (fig. 17, d) with club 2.22 times as long
as wide, shorter than the remaining visible part of antenna, with
3 nearly straight sutures marked by annuli and rows of setae.
Pronotum about 1.4 times as wide as long, widest near base, which
is broadly, shallowly emarginate; sides strongly arcuate from base
to transverse impression just behind anterior margin, which is feebly,
broadly sinuate in median area; surface reddish brown, moderately
shining, very finely and densely punctate, the interspaces minutely
reticulate-granulate; each side with two groups of rather high,
slender asperities, with anterior group near transverse impression
usually two in number, the posterior group usually four in number
and nearly midway between anterior and posterior margins; surface
clothed with small recumbent scales, light cinereous except for a small
area of fulvous scales at each side involving both groups of asperities;
anterior margin with a sparse fringe of fulvous setae, shorter than
in most species of Renocis.
Elytra 1.2 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum;
sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, very broadly
rounded behind with combined apices appearing broadly emarginate
in median area; basal margins strongly elevated from first to fifth
interspace, gradually becoming lower laterally, with six or seven
crenulations on each side; first stria impressed, the others not at
all or very feebly impressed, punctures rather coarse, wider than long
and very closely placed as seen in denuded specimens; interspaces
nearly flat, finely rugose-punctate, each with a sparse median row of
slightly larger punctures, sometimes accompanied by feeble gran-
‘ules, surface almost completely concealed by numerous small, semi-
recumbent, cinereous scales, which mask even the striae, each inter-
space with a median row of short, stout, erect, fulvous setae, longer
on the declivity; each elytron with a dense group of erect, brown
setae just behind the basal elevation. Declivity steep, very broadly
sulcate in the sutural area between the third interspaces of the elytra;
third interspace elevated, with a few feeble granules, the median
row of setae nearly lacking on interspaces 1 and 2 and replaced by
a double row of longer, coarser setae on third interspace, causing the
BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 385
sulcus to appear deeper than it actually is. Ventral surface reddish
brown, shining, rather sparsely clothed with nearly white, recumbent,
bifurcate scales, those on the last three abdominal segments being
suberect and some of them entire. Foretibia (fig. 18, ¢) each with
six rather large teeth on outer margin.
Male.—Similar in size and habitus, but with the frons concave for
entire width, thinly clothed with hairs, with abundant, coarser,
longer, fulvous hairs at sides; pronotum with posterior group of
asperities poorly developed; venter of last abdominal segment with
hairs directed laterally.
This species is rather closely related to Pseudocryphalus maclayt
Bruck but differs in the absence of the frontal tubercles, in the nota-
bly stouter form, in the uniformly light-brown body color, and in the
very different color pattern formed by the scales.
Type locality —Southern California.
Additional locality —Catalina Springs, Ariz.
Host —Encelia farinosa A. Gray.
Type material—Holotype, allotype, and 12 paratypes, U.S.N.M.
No. 52950.
Remarks.—Holotype, allotype, and 7 paratypes are from the
Coquillett collection, taken in San Bernardino County, Calif.; 1
paratype, labeled “Cal.”; 1 specimen without data; 3 paratypes—
“Catalina Springs, Ariz., Coll. Hubbard and Schwarz, on Fncelia
farinosa.”
RENOCIS FASCIATUS, new species
FIGuReEs 17, e, f; 18, d
Female.—Piceous black, clothed with cinnamon-brown and light-
cinereous scales; 1.45 to 1.8 mm. long; holotype 1.57 mm. long, 1.75
times as long as wide.
Frons with epistomal margin ending in a sharp median point, with
a fringe of moderately long, rather fine, yellowish hairs, shorter
and sparser at middle, reaching nearly to tips of mandibles at sides;
arcuately, transversely impressed above epistoma, with impression
widened and forming a subtriangular concavity extending to just
above eyes; surface piceous, shining, finely and closely granulate-
punctate, elevated and more strongly granulate at sides and above;
surface of concavity partly concealed by rather short, moderately
coarse, cinereous setae, which are longer and more abundant above
and at sides. Eye about 3.3 times as long as wide, finely granulate,
inner line shallowly, broadly emarginate. Antenna (fig. 17, f) with
club comprising nearly half of visible length, slightly more than
twice as long as wide, with three straight, annulate-setigerous
sutures, setae rather long and slender.
386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long, widest one-fourth of distance
from base, which is broadly, strongly procurved, sides strongly arcu-
ate, greatly narrowed anteriorly; a weak transverse impression just
behind front margin, which is very broadly rounded, not sinuate
in middle; surface piceous, shining, finely and densely granulate-
punctate; at each side with two small groups (usually 24) of
minute, sharp, inconspicuous asperities, those of anterior group
(usually 2) slightly larger, one-fourth of distance from anterior
margin to base; surface partially concealed by numerous small re-
cumbent scales, some of them cinnamon-brown, some cinereous, the
latter forming a wide border at each side of disk, a narrow transverse
band on posterior margin, and a median stripe, broad at posterior
and anterior margins, and interrupted, or nearly so, midway; with
cinnamon-brown scales elsewhere, extending to anterior margin;
anterior margin with a dense fringe of longer, coarse, erect setae,
shorter and nearly lacking in middle.
Elytra 1.17 times as long as wide, wider than pronotum; sides
straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, very broadly rounded
behind, the apex broad and subtruncate; basal margins strongly ele-
vated near suture, gradually becoming lower from suture to fifth
interspace at each side; with distinct black crenulations, those near
suture arranged in an approximate quarter circle, the lateral ones
opposite the third and fourth interspaces, at each side and pro-
gressively lower; striae rather narrow, first two deeper, but all dis-
tinctly impressed, punctures moderately fine and close; interspaces
convex but appearing flat in unabraded specimens, rugose, very
finely punctured, with a few feebly developed granules on the disk;
surface masked by small recumbent scales, part of them cinnamon-
brown and others very light cinereous, the latter forming in the type
specimen a broad stripe in the sixth and seventh interspaces, a broad
transverse band just back of the middle, and a stripe involving most
of the sutural interspaces from the fascia to the apex; each inter-
space with a median row of short, suberect, brown, inconspicuous
setae, which are slightly longer on the declivity; each elytron with
a dense group of coarse, testaceous setae just posterior to the basal
crenulations. Declivity steep, broadly, shallowly impressed, sub-
suleate in the sutural region, with a few small, blunt granules in the
third interspace above.
Ventral surface sparsely clothed with nearly white, usually bifur-
cate scales anterior to third abdominal segment, those on third and
fourth segments mostly light brown, erect, and more numerous, many
bifurcate; fifth segment finely and closely punctured, pubescence
brown, erect. Foretibia (fig. 18, d) with 8 teeth on the outer margin.
Male.—Similar in size and habitus to female; with antennal club
(fig. 17, e) larger and more slender, more than 2.5 times as long as
BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 387
wide; frontal hairs longer and frontal concavity apparently deeper ;
last abdominal segment with setae parted in median line.
This species ranges in size from 1.45 to 1.8 mm. long and differs con-
siderably in color pattern owing to differences in the abundance
and arrangement of the light scales. In a few specimens the elytral
fascia is reduced and nearly absent, while in others it is broad and
conspicuous.
Type locality—Tucson, Ariz.
Other localities—Arizona and Benson, Ariz.
Hosts.—Greasewood [Covillea gentinosa (Engelmann) Rydberg],
mesquite (Prosopis sp.).
Type material—Holotype, allotype, and 39 paratypes, U.S.N.M.
No. 52951.
Remarks.—Holotype, allotype, and 30 paratypes are from grease-
wood, Tucson, Ariz.; 6 paratypes from cut twigs of mesquite, Ben-
son, Ariz., Mr. Chissman, Coll.; 3 paratypes from “twigs of mes-
quite, Arizona, collection Wickham.”
RENOCIS HETERODOXUS Casey
Ficures 17, a, g, h; 18, e
Renocis heterodorus Casry, California Acad. Sci: Bull. 6, pp. 257-259, 1886.—
SwAInE, New York State Mus. Bull. 134, p. 144, 1909.—Brucx, Bull. South-
ern California Acad. Sci., vol. 35, pt. 2, pp. 119-120, 1936.
Type, a male.—Piceous-black, densely clothed with small scales,
some dark brown and others cinereous in color, with brown or ashen,
erect, spatulate setae; 1.8 mm. long, almost exactly twice as long
as wide,
Frons with epistomal margin bearing a fringe of coarse, cinereous,
downwardly directed setae, with a short, sharp tooth in middle;
transversely impressed just behind the epistoma and broadly longi-
tudinally impressed in median area to a point above the eyes, forming
a rather shallow, subtriangular concavity; sides slightly elevated;
surface shining, finely, rather sparsely punctured in median con-
cavity, more coarsely, densely, and roughly punctate-granulate at the
sides and above, often with a large granule or tooth at each side at
level of upper angles of eyes; clothed with moderately long, light-
brown setae, scanty below, abundant, longer, and shaggy at sides
and above, concealing the surface. Eye nearly 3.5 times as long as
wide, finely granulate, with inner line sinuate. Antenna (fig. 17, 2)
brown, funicle 5-jointed, longer than scape; club 2.26 times as long
as wide, about as long as funicle and exposed part of scape together,
with three nearly straight sutures marked by annuli and rows of setae,
not septate.
Pronotum 1.52 times as wide as long, widest near base, which is
nearly straight, feebly procurved; sides strongly arcuate behind,
388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von. 88
strongly constricted in front of middle, with a transverse impression
just behind the anterior margin, which is broadly rounded, slightly
sinuate in median line; disk finely and densely punctate-granulate;
with two small groups (2-4) of small, slender asperities at each side,
one group just behind transverse impression, and behind this another
group (usually only 2) of smaller ones; entire surface densely clothed
with small recumbent scales, those at sides and on posterior third of
disk light cinereous with a few brown ones intermixed, those on
anterior median disk brown; a dense fringe of erect, brown scales (or
short (spatulate setae) on the anterior margin.
Elytra 1.29 times as long as wide, very slightly wider than pro-
notum; sides straight and subparallel on basal two-thirds, semi-
circularly rounded behind; basal margins very strongly elevated in
scutellar region, becoming lower laterally and lacking lateral to
fifth interspace, with 5 coarse, high serrations each side of suture;
first and second striae moderately, the others more weakly impressed,
punctures small, separated by less than their own diameters; inter-
spaces feebly convex, rugose, very finely punctured, each with a
median row of slightly coarser punctures, often accompanied by small
granules, surface masked by numerous small recumbent scales, most
of them brown, but nearly all those in first interspace and a few in
other interspaces light cinereous, nearly white; with a single median
row of erect, spatulate setae, usually brown, in each interspace; each
elytron with a dense group of erect, brown setae just behind the
erenate anterior margin. Declivity moderately sloping, with first
and second interspaces broad and nearly flat, slightly depressed
below level of third interspaces, which bears a few feeble granules.
Ventral surface piceous-brown, sparsely clothed with divided scales,
which are cinereous except on last three abdominal segments, where
they are light brown, longer, erect, and for the most part entire,
but some bifurcate. Foretibia narrow at base, dilated distally,
with eight moderately slender teeth on outer margin.
Female.—Similar to male but with frontal concavity shallower,
frontal hairs shorter, antennal club slightly broader (fig. 17, g);
pronotal asperities more strongly developed; pubescence on last
abdominal sternite erect, not modified in median line.
Remarks.—The foregoing description of the male was prepared
almost entirely from the type, which was collected near Reno, Nev.
For a number of details, however, recourse was had to other speci-
mens because of the obscuring of certain structures of the type by
dirt. All measurements were made from the type except those of
the antennae. For these dissections of other specimens mounted in bal-
sam were used, it being impossible to make accurate measurements of
such small structures on entire specimens.
BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 389
Both the males and females show some degree of variation. The
size ranges from 1.5 to 2.4 mm. long. The color pattern varies con-
siderably, being dependent upon differently colored scales and setae
against the background of the actual body color and upon the
relative abundance and arrangement of the differently colored scales.
As is usually true in various species of Renocis, the pronotal asperi-
ties or teeth are better developed in the female than in the male,
but in each sex there is considerable variation. The type, a male,
shows little indication of frontal tubercles, although the frontal
hairs are partly abraded and if present the tubercles would be plainly
seen. This seems to be true of most of the specimens of both sexes,
although a few of each sex do show more or less feebly developed
tubercles or large granules. Usually, however, these structures, unless
exceptionally large, are well concealed by the frontal hairs.
Type locality—Reno, Nev.
Type.—Casey collection, U.S.N.M. No. 37439.
Specimens studied by the writer include the type from Reno, Nev.,
specimens from Blacksmith Fork Canyon, Logan Canyon, Park City,
and Dixie National Forest, Utah; Bray, Calif.; and Neil Creek and
Ashland, Oreg. The recorded hosts are Amelanchier florida Lindley,
Cercocarpus betuloides Nuttall, C. alnifolius Rydberg, C. ledifolius
Nuttall, and Prunus virginiana melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Sargent.
RENOCIS BRUNNEUS, new specie
FIGuRES 17, i; 18, f
Female.—Light reddish brown, clothed with cinnamon-brown and
with light-cinereous scales; 1.7 to 2.17 mm. long.; holotype 2.1 mm.
long, 1.96 times as long as wide.
Frons with epistomal margin bearing a sharp point in median line,
with a fringe of moderately coarse, yellowish setae covering two-
thirds of the mandibles; arcuately, transversely impressed above the
epistoma, the impression somewhat widened in median area to upper
angle of eyes (not extending dorsally as far as in most species) ;
surface reddish brown, shining, the concavity finely punctate, the
sides and dorsum densely, finely granulate-punctate; with a feeble
elevation (tubercle) at each side at level of upper angle of eye;
surface of concavity partly concealed by moderately short, coarse,
light-brown setae, that of the lateral and dorsal elevations almost
entirely concealed by more numerous longer ones. Eye approxi-
mately 3 times as long as wide, finely granulate, the inner line
broadly, shallowly sinuate. Antenna with club (fig. 17, 7) 2.25 times
as long as wide, as long as the remaining visible part of antenna,
with three sutures marked by annuli and rows of setae.
390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88
Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long, widest near base, which is
broadly procurved medially; sides strongly arcuate on posterior
two-thirds, then constricted and distinctly transversely impressed
just behind the very broadly rounded front margin, which is sinuate
(broadly and shallowly emarginate) in middle; surface shining,
reddish brown, finely and closely granulate-punctate; at each side
with two small groups of rather small asperities, about one-fourth
and one-half of the distance from anterior margin, each group
usually with three or four asperities, united in transverse line; with
a few very low, weak asperities anteriorly in transverse impression;
surface partly masked by numerous small, recumbent scales, those at
sides and on posterior third consisting of many nearly white, cine-
reous ones with a few cinnamon-brown ones intermixed, those
on rest of disk mostly cinnamon-brown; anterior margin with a
sparse border of moderately long, coarse, brown, erect setae, shorter
in middle.
Elytra 1.3 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum;
sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, broadly
rounded behind; basal margins strongly elevated in median area,
gradually becoming lower to fifth interspace on each elytron, with
about 6 crenulations in a continuous line at each side; striae narrow,
distinctly impressed, the first two deeper, punctures moderately
small and close; interspaces convex, finely rugose-punctate, with a
sparse median row of slightly larger punctures and a few feeble
granules; surface rather sparsely clothed with small, recumbent
scales, some of them a cinnamon-brown and some very light cinereous,
the latter less numerous, intermixed with the darker scales in no
definite pattern except for a narrow stripe in the sutural interspaces;
each interspace with a median row of stout, erect, brown setae; each
elytron with a dense group of brown setae just behind the basal
margin. Declivity moderately steep, broadly, shallowly impressed
in the sutural region, with a few fine low granules in the second and
third interspaces, visible only in denuded specimens.
Ventral surface reddish brown, shining, sparsely clothed with nearly
white, recumbent, usually bifurcate scales except on the last three ab-
dominal segments, those on last three segments mostly brown, mostly
entire, erect. Foretibia (fig. 18, f) with 10 teeth on outer margin.
Male.—Similar in size and habitus to female; antennal club more
slender; frons similar to female except that the lateral hairs are
longer and more abundant, and the frontal concavity is deeper; last
abdominal segment with setae parted in median line.
This species shows about the usual variation in size; the pronotal
asperities vary in development; the greatest differences are in the
relative abundance and distribution of the light and dark scales.
BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 391
Type locality.—Cloudcroft, N. Mex.
Host.—Unidentified shrub.
Type material—Holotype, allotype, and 17 paratypes, U.S.N.M.
No. 52952.
Remarks.—Holotype, allotype, and 17 paratypes under Hopkins
U. S. Nos. 3977 and 3988, collected from and bred from an “unknown
shrub” at Cloudcroft, N. Mex., by W. F. Fiske.
RENOCIS FUSCUS, new species
Ficures 17, j; 18, 9
Female-—Piceous-brown, clothed with scales varying from ciner-
eous to fuscous; 1.88 mm. long, 1.9 times as long as wide.
Frons with sharp median point on epistomal margin, with a dense
fringe of yellowish-cinereous setae; transversely impressed above the
epistoma, with impression widened dorsally to form a concavity ;
sides and vertex convex; surface black, shining, finely and densely
punctate, with fine granules at sides and above; surface partly con-
cealed by coarse, rather long, light-brown setae, more abundant and
longer at the sides and above. Eye more than 3 times as long as
wide, finely granulate; inner margin feebly sinuate. Antenna with
club (fig. 17, j) subacuminate at tip; 2.5 times as long as wide; with
3 straight, annulate-setigerous sutures.
Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long, widest one-third of distance
from base, which is feebly procurved; sides strongly arcuate behind,
strongly constricted before middle; front margin broadly rounded,
sinuate in middle; with a sparse fringe of erect, spatulate, fulvous
setae, shorter in middle, with a transverse impression just back of
anterior margin; surface piceous, shining, rather closely, finely punc-
tate, finely granulate; at each side two groups (2 or 3 in each)
of very small asperities; surface nearly concealed by numerous, small,
recumbent scales, arranged as a broad band at the base and at sides,
made up largely of broad and narrow cinereous scales intermixed,
and on anterior two-thirds of disk small, broad, fulvous scales.
Elytra 1.25 times as long as wide, wider than pronotum; sides
straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, broadly rounded be-
hind; basal margin strongly elevated from suture to sixth interspace,
with six or seven crenulations at each side, forming a continuous
line; striae moderately narrow, distinctly impressed, punctures fine
and close; interspaces broad, fiat, surface shining, finely punctate,
with a median row of slightly coarser punctures, rather sparsely
clothed with numerous small, rather slender, recumbent, fuscous
scales; in the median line of each interspace a row of erect spatulate
setae, appearing cinereous in certain lights and fuscous brown in
other lights; each elytron with a group of coarse, erect, fuscous setae
392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
just behind the anterior crenulate margin. Declivity evenly arched,
not sulcate, but with first and second striae more deeply impressed,
the interspaces weakly convex.
Ventral surface dark reddish brown, shining, sparcely clothed with
nearly white, bifurcate, recumbent scales, except on the last three
abdominal segments, which have erect, fulvous setae. Foretibia
(fig. 18, g) with eight rather long, slender teeth on outer margin.
Type locality —Williams, Ariz.
Host.—Cowania mexicana D. Don.
Type material_—Holotype and one paratype, U.S.N.M. No. 52953.
Remarks.—Holotype and one paratype taken from Cowania
mexicana at Williams, Ariz., by Schwarz and Barber. These two
specimens were associated with numerous specimens of Renocis
commixtus, new species.
RENOCIS COMMIXTUS, new species
Ficures 17, k, 1; 18, h, +
Female——Brown to piceous, clothed with intermixed brown and
ashy-white scales and setae; 1.6 to 2.2 mm. long; holotype 2.0 mm.
long, almost exactly twice as long as wide.
Frons with a short sharp point in median line of epistomal margin,
with a dense fringe of rather long, coarse, yellowish hair; trans-
versely impressed above the epistoma, with this impression much
widened in the median area forming an approximately triangular
concavity, with the sides elevated and granulate-punctate; surface
shining, concavity finely, not closely punctured, scantily covered by
coarse, moderately long, fulvous hairs, which are much more abun-
dant and conceal the surface at the sides and above. Eye finely
granulate, 3.3 times as long as wide, the anterior margin distinctly
sinuate. Antenna (fig. 17, 7) with the club 2.4 times as long as
wide, as long as funiculus and visible part of scape together, with
three nearly straight setigerous-annulate sutures.
Pronotum 1.5 times as wide as long, widest near the base, which is
procurved; the sides strongly arcuate on the posterior two-thirds,
strongly constricted in front of middle, with a moderate transverse
impression behind anterior margin, which is broadly rounded, very
feebly or not at all sinuate in middle; surface shining, finely and
densely granulate-punctate, with three small groups of small sharp
asperities on each side, one group just behind anterior margin, one
behind the transverse impression, and a third group two-fifths of
distance between second group and posterior pronotal border, surface
clothed with small recumbent scales, those on the anterior part of
disk brown, those on sides and on posterior part of disk a variable
mixture of brown and nearly white scales; anterior pronotal margin
BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—-BLACKMAN 393
with a dense fringe of longer, erect, brown, spatulate setae, shorter
in the median line and much longer at each side.
Elytra 1.4 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum;
sides straight and subparallel on basal two-thirds, moderately
broadly rounded behind (more narrowly than in heterodocus) ; basal
margins strongly elevated in scutellar region, gradually becoming
lower from suture to fifth interspace on each elytron, usually with 6
rounded serrations at each side, in a continuous line; striae narrow,
impressed, the first more strongly than the others, punctures small and
close; interspaces feebly convex, rugose, very finely punctured, each
with a median row of larger punctures often accompanying small
blunt granules; surface masked by small recumbent scales (not so
numerous as in heterodowus), most of these in type, brown except for
a light-colored median stripe in sutural interspaces, while the third,
fifth, and seventh interspaces contain many light-cinereous scales in
their anterior thirds (some specimens have throughout a “pepper-
and-salt” mixture of dark and light scales) ; each interspace with a
median row of erect, rather short, coarse setae, most of them brown
but a few pale; each elytron with a dense group of coarse, dark-brown
setae just behind the elevated anterior margin. Declivity steeper
than in heterodoxus, the first striae impressed but first and second
interspaces normal, feebly convex.
Ventral pubescence light cinerous except on last 3 abdominal seg-
ments, most of scales bifurcate or trifurcate; 3 posterior abdominal
segments with entire, coarse, brown, suberect setae ; last segment with
erect setae, with posterior margin but little narrower in middle.
Foretibia (fig. 18, 2,7) with 9-11 teeth on outer margin.
Male.—Similar in habitus to female, with the antennal club (fig.
17, &) slightly longer and more slender; frons more strongly concave ;
pronotal asperities more feebly developed; last abdominal sternite
with posterior rim very feebly emarginate and the setae parted in the
median line.
This species shows a considerable range of variation in size (1.6 to
2.2 mm. long), in arrangement of the light and dark scales and setae,
and in sculpture, the pronotal asperities especially varying both in
number and in coarseness.
Type locality —Williams, Ariz.
Additional localities —Colorado Springs and North Cheyenne
Canyon, Colo.
Host.—Cowania mexicana D. Don.
Additional hosts—Prunus americana Marshall, apple, wild
currant.
Type material.—Holotype, allotype, and 162 paratypes, U.S.N.M.
No. 52954.
394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 i
Remarks.—Holotype, allotype, and 146 paratypes were collected
and bred from twigs of Cowania mexicana at Williams, Ariz., by
Barber and Schwartz. Sixteen paratypes are from Colorado Springs |
and Cheyenne Canyon, Colo., bred from Prunus americana or col-
lected on wild currant and apple by B. T. Harvey.
RENOCIS BRITTAINI (Swaine), new combination
Pseudocryphalus brittaini Swatne, Canada Dept. Agr., Ent. Branch, Bull. 14, pt. 1, i
p. 20, 1917; pt. 2, p. 57, 1918.— Bruck, Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci, .
vol. 35, pt. 1, p. 35; pt. 2, p. 121, 1936. (Genotype of Pseudocryphalue |
Swaine.)
“Length, 1.9 mm.; stout, black, with brown and gray scales; the:
front plano-concave, with a strong transversely arcuate impression |
behind the epistoma, the middle line impressed, clothed with stout:
pubescence, becoming long, dense and pale on the epistomal margin, |
with a rather coarse rate behind the impression on each side thei
middle line; the eyes long, narrow, extending upon the ventral surface. |
“The pronotum twice as wide as long; the sides very strongly |
rounded behind and very strongly constricted in front; the front mar- |
gin broadly emarginate at the middle; very densely subgranulately)
punctured, clothed with brown and grey, very stout pubescence, the:
grey predominating on the sides and behind; the cephalic margin’
unarmed or nearly so, somewhat elevated, ie pale fine pubescent
and brown, elongate, elevated scales; with three pairs of elongate!
recurved ieee: in a longitudinal row on the middle of each side.
in front, the nee pair on the front margin.
“The eee as wide as the pronotum, slightly less than one-half |
longer than wide, the basal margin very strongly elevated, recurved
and coarsely serrate in the scutellar region; the sides subparallel on
the basal half, broadly rounded behind; the striae distinctly, rather!
strongly impressed, the strial punctures rather coarse, not close, deep:
and distinct, bearing very minute setae; the interspaces feebly convex,
minutely punctured, and with a median row of granules, bearing very
small, elongate scales which hardly cover the surface, and a median’
row ae longer, erect, very stout bristles; the pubescence brown, with
numerous scattered hie scales, more apna toward the fae and
forming a narrow band along the suture; the first two abdominal
sternites subequal in length, each longer than the next two united.
“Salmon Arm, B. C.; apple trees, in dying bark.”
The above is Swaine’s original description quoted verbatim. No
specimen of the species has been seen by the writer. |
Types in Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada.
BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 395
RENOCIS CRIDDLEI (Swaine), new combination
Pseudocryphalus criddlei SwAInE, Canada Dept. Agr., Ent. Branch, Bull. 14, pt.
1, p. 21, 1917; pt. 2, p. 58, 1918.
“This species is very closely allied to brittaini; with the same size,
form, and colour; but it is apparently distinct through the very
feebly impressed elytral striae, and the small, very closely placed
strial punctures.
“Series of 108 specimens from Aweme, Man., Prunus virgimana;
collected by Mr. Norman Criddle.”
Swaine’s original description is quoted verbatim. The writer has
seen no specimen of this species.
Type and paratypes are in the Canadian National Collection,
Ottawa, Canada.
RENOCIS PENICILLATUS Bruck
Ficures 17, m; 18, j
Renocis penicillatus Bruck, Can. Ent., vol. 65, p. 239, 1933; Bull. Southern
California Acad. Sci., vol. 35, pt. 2, p. 120, 1936.
Female.—Piceous with cinereous scales and hairs; with two pencils
of long setae just behind front margin of pronotum ; 1.14 to 1.6 mm.
long, about 1.8 times as long as wide.
Frons with a median point on epistomal margin; with a fringe of
nearly white setae covering basal halves of mandibles; nearly flat,
feebly impressed just above epistoma and in median line; surface
piceous, shining, finely and closely punctate-granulate; clothed with
coarse, moderately long, testaceous setae, slightly longer at sides and
above. Eye slightly more than 3 times as long as wide, finely granu-
late, inner margin sinuate. Antenna (fig. 17, m) with club not
much longer than funicle, slightly more than twice as long as wide,
with distal end subacute, with three nearly straight annulate-setiger-
ous sutures.
Pronotum 1.57 times as wide as long, widest near base, which is
very broadly, rather deeply emarginate in median half; sides strongly
arcuate posteriorly, strongly narrowed in anterior half; transversely
impressed just behind anterior margin, which is broadly rounded,
sinuate in median area; surface piceous, shining, very finely granu-
late-punctate, with less numerous, coarser, but still fine punctures in-
terspersed ; at each side with three groups of high, rather slender asper-
ities or teeth, each group consisting of 2 or 3 teeth, posterior group just
behind middle, second group just behind transverse impression, an-
terior group, smaller and occasionally lacking, on anterior margin;
surface clothed with small cinereous scales, consisting of numerous
narrow, recumbent ones, and less numerous (from coarser punctures),
broad, suberect, cinereous scales; with a group of long cinereous hairs
each side of median line, just behind anterior margin.
396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
Elytra about 1.4 times as long as wide, slightly wider than prono-
tum, with sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds,
moderately broadly rounded behind, basal margin strongly elevated
in scutellar region, including the fourth interspace at each side, with
four or five serrations or crenulations on each elytral margin, not
forming a continuous line; striae impressed, the first more deeply,
nearly as wide as interspaces, punctures close and of moderate size;
interspaces moderately convex, finely rugose punctate, each with a
few feeble granules accompanying a median row of slightly coarser
punctures, clothed with narrow recumbent scales, prevailingly cinere-
ous on the sutural interspaces and on the basal third, somewhat
fulvous on the posterior disk and declivity; each interspace with a
median row of erect, spatulate, fulvous setae; each elytron with a
group of coarse, fulvous setae behind the crenulate anterior margins.
Declivity rounded, unmodified, first striae impressed as on disk.
Ventral surface piceous-brown, shining, thinly clothed with nearly
white, usually bifurcate, recumbent scales, which on the last three
abdominal segments are more nearly erect and are mixed with
fulvous setae. Foretibia (fig. 18, 7) not so strongly widened distally
as in most other species, with 6 long, slender teeth on outer margin.
Male.—Similar in size and habitus to female; with frons deeply
concave and bordered on sides and above by numerous long setae;
pronotum with posterior and anterior groups of asperities smaller
than in female, sometimes lacking; with the tufts of hairs near
anterior margin much longer, penicillate; setae on venter of last
abdominal segment parted in median line.
Location of type material—Holotype, allotype, and 25 paratypes
in collection of C. R. Bruck. Paratypes: California Academy of
Sciences, San Francisco; Canadian National Collection, Ottawa,
Canada; collection of A. T. McClay.
Remarks.—This is a rather widely spread species and apparently
is not confined to one host. Renocis penicillatus was described from
material obtained from Rhus integrifolia and R. ovata in southern
California. The writer has studied four specimens from Bruck’s
series, one obtained through the kindness of Dr. W. Dwight Pierce
of the Los Angeles Museum and three specimens kindly lent by
Prof. J. N. Knull from his own collection. These specimens are
identical in all essential respects with more than 50 specimens in
the National Museum from Arizona, Utah, and Colorado, collected
by Hubbard and Schwarz, Hopkins, Webb, Wickham, and Harvey,
and four specimens collected from Rhus ovata at Ensenada, Lower
California, by F. P. Keen. Only in the last case is the host cited
specifically, but in the Hopkins series from Flagstaff, Ariz., it is de-
scribed as a “shrub resembling currant,” probably Rides sp.
BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 397
RENOCIS MEXICANUS, new species
Figures 17, n; 18, k
Female.—Black, clothed with piceous-brown scales forming a varie-
gated color pattern with light cinereous, nearly white scales; 1.31
to 1.88 mm. long; holotype 1.72 mm. long, 2.0 times as long as wide.
Frons with a sharp median point on epistomal margin, and with
a dense fringe of moderately fine, yellow-cinereous setae extending
halfway to tips of mandibles; transversely impressed above epistoma,
with center of frons flattened, feebly concave, sides and vertex con-
vex; surface black, feebly shining, very finely and densely granulate-
punctate; surface mostly concealed by coarse, rather short, fuscous
setae, only slightly longer at sides and above. Eye finely granulate,
about 3.3 times as long as wide, the inner line broadly and shallowly
emarginate. Antenna (fig. 17, ») with club very large, longer than
the scape and funicle combined, 2.19 times as long as wide, with three
nearly straight sutures, both annuli and setae reduced in median line
of outer face of club.
Pronotum 1.47 times as wide as long, widest near base, which is
broadly procurved; sides strongly arcuate, nearly evenly narrowed
anteriorly with front margin very broadly rounded, feebly sinuate in
middle, with a very feeble, transverse impression just back of the
margin; surface piceous, feebly shining, finely and densely granu-
late-punctate; at each side with two very inconspicuous groups of
several slightly coarser granules (not sharp asperities as in other
species of FRenocis), almost entirely concealed except in abraded
specimens; surface largely concealed by numerous scales, some of
them narrow, recumbent ones and some wide and semierect, mostly
piceous except for a transverse, basal band and a lateral border of
light-cinereous scales; anterior margin with a sparse fringe of erect,
dark brown, spatulate setae, interrupted in the middle.
Elytra 1.48 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum;
sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, rather narrowly
rounded behind; basal margin strongly elevated from suture to
opposite sixth interspace, with 8 distinct teeth in a continuous line
on margin of each elytron, and with a second row of four coarse
teeth, two at each side of suture, just behind margin; striae, except
first, rather feebly impressed, punctures moderate in size, close; inter-
spaces wider than striae, feebly convex, rugose, finely punctate, with
a few small granules; surface partly concealed by small recumbent
scales, most of them piceous, but with a narrow stripe of light-
cinereous scales in anterior half of sutural interspaces and continued
posteriorly as a single row of light scales next to suture, at each side
an irregular spot of light scales in anterior half of fifth to seventh
interspaces; in median line of each interspace a row of very broad,
398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
flat, erect setae or scales, short on anterior disk, but becoming larger
posteriorly; each elytron with a dense group of coarse, piceous-brown
setae behind the anterior margin. Declivity evenly arched, not sulcate ;
first striae more strongly impressed, as on disk; punctures finer.
Ventral surface shining, piceous; clothed with nearly white, usually
bifurcate, recumbent scales anterior to third abdominal segment, last
three segments with erect, fuscous scales except at the sides of the
third. Foretibia (fig. 18, %) with eight occasionally nine) rather
short, stout teeth on outer margin.
Male.—Similar in size and habitus to female, but with the frons
strongly concave and with longer hairs at sides and above; antennal
club larger and more slender, 2.28 times as long as wide; last abdom-
inal segment slightly shorter, with the setae parted in median line,
In this species the chief variations are in the size and in the color
pattern formed by the light and the dark-colored scales.
Type locality —Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Other locality.—Mexico.
Host.—E ysenhardtia sp.
Type material—Holotype, allotype, and 136 paratypes, U.S.N.M.
No. 52955.
Remarks.—The type, allotype, and 11 paratypes are from Guad-
alajara, Mexico, intercepted at quarantine, Nogales, Ariz., in packing
crates made of Hysenhardtia sp. (wood determined by Prof. S. J.
Record) ; 48 paratypes from Hysenhardtia sp. (determined by W. N.
Watkins), Mexico, September 11 and 24, 1936; 77 other paratypes
were intercepted at quarantine from Mexico, but there are no data
either as to host or locality of origin.
RENOCIS BRAZILIENSIS, new species
Ficures 17, 0; 18, 1, m.
Female.—Reddish brown, clothed with light-cinereous, nearly
white scales and setae; 1.31 to 1.63 mm. long; holotype 1.48 mm. long,
1.7 times as long as wide.
Frons with a very small median point on epistomal margin, with
fringe of rather fine, yellow-cinereous setae extending halfway to
tips of mandibles; arcuately, transversely impressed above epistoma,
with center of frons flat, sides and vertex rounded; surface reddish
brown, moderately shining, finely, densely granulate-punctate; sur-
face partly concealed by rather short, stout, cinereous setae, only
slightly longer at the sides and above. Eye about 3.5 times as long
as wide, finely granulate, inner margin sinuate, subemarginate.
Antenna (fig. 17, 0) with club broad-oval, 1.58 times as long as wide,
with three nearly straight, annulate-setigerous sutures, the funicle
attached dorsad of its axis.
BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 399
Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long, widest near base, which is
very broadly emarginate in median half; sides strongly arcuate
behind, constricted anteriorly; front margin very broadly rounded,
feebly sinuate in median area; with a weak transverse impression
just behind margin, which bears a sparse fringe of erect, spatulate,
cinereous setae, slightly shorter in median area; surface reddish
brown, shining, finely punctate, reticulate-granulate; at each side
with two groups of fine, sharp asperities (3 or 4 in each group), one
group on anterior third, the other on posterior half of disk; surface
rather sparsely clothed with numerous, small, recumbent, cinereous
scales, varying from narrow to broad; with a few erect setae in
median line near base.
Elytra 1.22 times as long as wide, very slightly wider than pro-
notum; sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, very
broadly rounded behind; basal margin strongly elevated between the
sixth interspaces, with a continuous, somewhat bisinuate line of
teeth, 7 or 8 on each elytron, and with a smaller tooth just behind
margin in each sutural] interspace; striae distinctly impressed, about
one-half as wide as interspaces, punctures close, moderate in size;
interspaces weakly convex, finely rugose-punctate with a few feeble
granules, punctures in median line of each interspace slightly larger ;
surface reddish brown, shining, partly concealed by rather numerous
small, recumbent, yellowish-cinereous scales, most of them rather
wide, but those on inner margin of each sutural interspace narrow
and hairlike; each interspace with a median row of longer, erect,
concolorous scales, or short, wide setae, becoming slightly longer be-
hind. Declivity evenly arched, not sulcate, with interspaces slightly
narrowed.
Ventral surface reddish brown, shining, clothed with yellowish-
cinereous, recumbent scales, usually bifurcate; last abdominal seg-
ment with erect, yellowish-cinereous setae. Foretibia (fig. 18, /)
with seven stout teeth on outer margin.
Male.—Similar in size and general habitus to female, but with the
frons strongly concave for entire width, with much longer setae at
sides and above; antennal club larger, about 1.8 times as long as wide;
pronotum with setae on anterior margin longer, and with asperities
greatly reduced or even lacking; teeth on foretibia usually nine in
number (fig. 18, ™).
Type locality.—Ceara, Brazil.
Host.—Unknown.
Type material—Holotype, allotype, and 19 paratypes, U.S.N.M.
No. 52956.
Received from D. da Rocha, Ceara, Brazil.
400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
RENOCIS INSULARIS, new species
FIGURES 17, p; 18, n
Female.—Light reddish brown, with cinereous and fulvous scales;
1.46 mm. long, 1.82 times as long as wide.
Frons with epistomal margin scarcely toothed in median line,
fringed with fine yellow-cinereous setae, covering basal halves of
mandibles; very feebly transversely impressed above epistoma, frons
convex, only slightly flattened on disk; surface subopaque, reddish
brown, finely granulate- “punctate; sur face partly concealed by rather
short, stout, recumbent, cinereous setae directed dorso-mesad. Eye 3
times as long as wide, aely granulate; the inner line broadly, shal-
lowly emarginate. Antenna (fig. 17, ») with club broad-oval, 1.83.
times as long as wide; with three annulate-setigerous sutures, first:
nearly straight, second and third rather weakly procurved.
Pronotum 1.61 times as wide as long, widest near base, which is
very broadly, shallowly emarginate in median half; sides behind
strongly arcuate, constricted anteriorly; scarcely at all impressed
behind the broadly rounded front margin, which is very feebly
sinuate in median area, and bearing a sparse fringe of erect, spatu-
late, fulvous setae, only slightly shorter in median area; surface
reddish brown, feebly shining, finely punctate, reticulate-granulate;
at each side with two transverse rows of small, sharp asperities (4-6
each row), each bordered posteriorly by a single row of erect, yellow-
cinereous scales; surface partly concealed by numerous small, re-
cumbent scales, fulvous on anterior disk and nearly white on sides
and on a narrow band behind; with a few erect setae in median line
near base.
Elytra 1.26 times as long as wide, scarcely wider than pronotum;
sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, moderately
broadly rounded behind; basal margins moderately strongly elevated
from suture to fifth interspace on each elytron, with eight crenula-
tions on each in a continuous line; striae impressed, less than half
as wide as interspaces, punctures close, of moderate size; interspaces
appearing nearly flat, finely rugose-punctate, with a few weak gran-
ules, median row of punctures slightly larger; surface reddish brown,
shining, partly concealed by numerous scales, recumbent anteriorly
on disk, suberect behind, with a median row of erect scales or short
setae in each interspace; scales cinereous and fulvous intermixed,
with a single row of nearly white cinereous scales next to suture in
each sutural interspace. Declivity evenly arched, not sulcate, striae
equally impressed, interspaces slightly narrowed and scales erect or
suberect.
Ventral surface reddish brown, feebly shining, thinly clothed with
nearly white, recumbent, usually bifurcate scales, with some of scales
BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 401
replaced by erect, coarse setae on last three abdominal segments.
Fore tibia (fig. 18, ») with outer margin armed with four short,
very stout, blunt teeth.
Male.—Similar in size and habitus, but with the frons distinctly
concave from eye to eye, with longer and more abundant setae at
sides and above; pronotum with asperities nearly lacking.
Type locality. Key West, Fla.
Additional locality—Cayamas, Cuba.
fHost—Unknown.
Type material—trType, allotype, and 2 paratypes, U.S.N.M. No.
52957.
Remarks.—Holotype, allotype, and 1 female paratype from Key
West, Fla., collection of Hubbard and Schwarz; 1 female paratype.
Cayamas, Cuba, E. A. Schwarz, collector.
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington: 1940 No. 3085:
TWO NEW GENERA AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF
CHEILODIPTERID FISHES, WITH NOTES ON
THE OTHER GENERA OF THE FAMILY
By Leonarp P. Scuutrz?
In studying the new forms of cheilodipterid fishes described in this
paper some difficulty was experienced in deciding to which genera they
should be referred. An examination of the literature and the cheilo-
dipterid material in the National Museum suggested that the genera in
this family were in great need of comparison. Therefore I have pre-
pared a tentative key to the genera of the family Cheilodipteridae with
the hope that other investigators will improve upon it as their avail-
able material is studied. As a result probably some of the genera I
have placed in synonymy will be removed.
Certain ichthyologists have proposed new generic names in this
group of fishes founded on characters that may not be of even specific
significance, such as “a much larger, red, marine European species
with considerably larger scales, longer maxillary, and differently
formed head bones generally.”? I refer here to such features as color
spots, streaks, and lateral bands; number of soft rays in dorsal and
anal fins; number of scale rows (especially in regard to the forms
1] wish to thank Dr. G. S. Myers, of Stanford University, for information concerning
the type of Galeagra pammelas; Dr. F. P. Koumans, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie,
Leiden, for a description of the teeth of the type of Pseudamia polystigma; Dr. K. H.
Barnard, South African Museum, for information on Parahynnodus and a sketch of the
teeth of Neoscombrops annectens ; Dr. P. Chabanaud, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,
Paris, for sketches of the teeth of the types of Cheilodipterus lineatus and C. quinquelinea-
tus; Dr. S. L. Hora, Indian Museum, Calcutta, for much needed data on the type of
Brephostoma carpenteri. Through exchanges with J. R. Norman, of the British Museum, I
have been able to examine paratypes of Gymnapogon japonicus and Synagrops microlepis.
2 Whitley, Gilbert P., Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan No. 405, pp. 1-4, pl. 1, 1959.
193255—40 1 403
404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 88
referred to Apogon); length of fin rays or presence of filamentous
rays; emargination of caudal fin. Probably some of these characters
are useful for generic diagnoses if used in conjunction with other fea-
tures. The presence or absence of palatine teeth and the union of the
first and second dorsal or the extent of the space between these fins
appear to be highly variable, just as is the completeness or incomplete-
ness of the lateral line. In my opinion these variable characters, —
among others, should not be relied upon as of generic significance
until their constancy has been determined for each species in any
natural group.
KEY TO THE GENERA OF CHEILODIPTERIDAE
la. Vent closer to base of pelvics than origin of anal fin.
2a. Anal rays III, 7 or 8; spines in first dorsal VII to IX; a pair of enlarged
symphyseal canines inside front edge or margin of premaxillaries; small
canines along front margin of premaxillaries, followed by a wide band
of villiform teeth posteriorly ; sides of lower jaw with canines and with
1 or 2 pairs of enlarged canines near symphysis (fig. 19, @).
Acropoma Temminck and Schlegel, 1842
2b. Anal rays II, 8; dorsal rays VI, I, 8 or 9; no symphyseal canines in either
jaw; smail canines widely spaced on sides of upper and lower jaws;
posterior half of upper jaw with a band of villiform teeth (fig. 19, f) ; no
palatine teeth; vomer with teeth; peritoneum silvery ; maxillary extend-
ing past rear margin of pupil______ Desmoamia Fowler and Bean, 1930
1b. Vent closer to origin of anal fin than base of pelvics.
sa. Anal spines IT.
4a. No eanines in jaws even at symphysis; if teeth are present they are
villiform and in narrow to wide bands (fig. 19, h, i).
5a. A thick silvery gland with black upper surface on each side of
base of tongue from which a broad silvery canal extends backward
on each side of isthmus to breast, then expands over base of
pectoral and covers lower portion of abdomen, thence runs back-
ward above base of anal fin to near base of caudal fin rays;
first dorsal VI or VII; anal II, scales ecycloid; lateral line
complete or incomplete_--_-_-____-_--_-_-__ Siphamia Weber, 1909
5b. No silvery gland as above.
6a. Anal rays II, 9; teeth if present villiform in one or two irregular
rows on jaws (fig. 19, h); operculum with 2 flat spines; pre-
operculum without double edge, the lower posterior angle much
preduced and rounded; scale rows crossing lateral line about
36 to 60; anus in front of origin of anal fin a distance equal
to or greater than diameter of pupil.
Epigonus Rafinesque, 1810
6b. Anal rays II, 7 to 13; teeth villiform in wide band on premaxillary
and a narrow to wide band on dentary (fig. 19, 7) ; operculum
with 2 flat spines; preoperculum with double edge, posterior
one not produced but with contour similar to that of anterior
edge; scale rows crossing lateral line fewer than 50; caudal fin
emarginate or rounded; lateral line complete or incomplete;
anus just in front of origin of anal fin or as far distant as
diameter of pupils 2o24 eas eee eee Apogon Lacépéde, 1802
CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 405
6c. Anal rays Ii, 18 to 17; teeth in lower jaw short, conical, hooked
inward, and arranged in 1 irregular row posteriorly on dentary
and in 2 such rows anteriorly, outer row smaller than inner;
1 or 2 irregular rows of short, conical teeth in anterior part of
upper jaw, followed by a wide band of villiform teeth poste-
riorly; operculum with 2 very weak spines; preoperculum with
double edge, the posterior edge strongly serrated at angle and
ventrally ; scale rows crossing lateral line about 23 to 28; anus
just in front of origin of anal fin or as far distant as diameter
OF Ups AEA 2 A Se Archamia Gill, 1863
Gd. Anal rays II, 8 or 9; teeth small, equal, and pointed, uniserial in
jaws; operculum with 3 or 4 short spines dorsally at rear edge
near flap; preoperculum with double edge, lower angle pro-
duced ; spines in first dorsal VII or VIII; vent closer to origin
of anal than base of pelvics___________ Oxyodon Brauer, 1906
4b. Canines present in jaws.
7a. Anal rays II, 25; dorsal V or VI, I, 15 to 19; scales about 70;
a single series of canine teeth in lower jaw, some of which
are enlarged posteriorly; 2 pairs of enlarged canines at sym-
physis just inside marginal row of teeth at front of upper
jaw ; Sides of upper jaw with very small canines along margin,
inside of which is a narrow band of villiform teeth (fig. 19, d) ;
preoperculum without double edge; maxillary not reaching
to under front of eye_-------_- Dinolestes Klunzinger, 1872
7b. Anal soft rays fewer than 20; teeth not as above; maxillary
reaching to at least under front of eye.
Sa. Lateral line complete and not interrupted.
9a. Spines in first dorsal VI; scales fewer than 35; vent
closer to origin of anal than base of pelvics; preoper-
culum with double edge, posterior margin near lower
angle not produced.
10a. Tip of lower jaw with a few enlarged canines.
lila. No band of villiform teeth in lower jaw; lower jaw
with a single series of large conical teeth, a few of
which are enlarged canines widely spaced on sides
of jaw and between which are small conical teeth
in an irregular row; a pair or two of enlarged
canines occur at symphysis of lower jaw; canine
teeth in upper jaw in a group each side of a small
toothless space at symphysis, no villiform teeth at
tip of upper jaw, but following the canines occurs
a wide band posteriorly (fig. 20, a).
Cheilodipterus Lacépéde, 1802
11b. Villiform teeth in lower jaw in a band along sides but
none at symphysis; lower jaw with 3 or 4 enlarged
canines along midsides between which are villiform
teeth; tip of lower jaw with about 3 pairs of en-
larged canines; canine teeth in upper jaw located
each side of symphysis in 2 or 8 pairs, anterior to
which is a pair of patches of villiform teeth with a
toothless space between; sides of upper jaw with a
band of villiform teeth (fig. 20, Dd).
Cheilodipterops, new genus
406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von, 88
10b. No canines at tip of lower jaw, but 3 to 6 pairs of en-
larged canines located along midsides, tip of lower
jaw with villiform teeth, this band extending along
dentary; tip of upper jaw with a pair of patches of
villiform teeth at symphysis, between which is a small
toothless space; at sides of tip of upper jaw are 2 or 3
pairs of enlarged canines followed posteriorly by a
band of villiform teeth (fig. 20, c).
Jadamga, new genus
9b. Spines in first dorsal IX, seldom VIII.
12a. Symphyseal canines at front margin of upper and
lower jaws, behind canines at tips of upper jaw
occurs a wide band of villiform teeth; lower jaw
with a marginal series of enlarged canines inside
of which is a narrow band of villiform teeth;
each side of tip of lower jaw is a concave area
with villiform teeth only (fig. 19, e) ; scales about
25 to 40; anal II, 7; caudal emarginate; pre-
opercle with double edge, the lower angle not
produced; maxillary reaching to about under
middle of eye_---__-___ Synagrops Giinther, 1887
12b. No symphyseal canines in lower jaw; 1 or 2 pairs
of symphyseal canines just posterior to the margi-
nal series at front of upper jaw (fig. 19, c);
large conical teeth, widely spaced in a single series
on both jaws; no villiform teeth present; anal II,
dorsal VIII; scales about 63.
Telescopias Jordan and Snyder, 1901
8b. Lateral line incomplete or interrupted.
18a. Scales small, cycloid, anal II, 8; dorsal VI-I,
8 or 9; caudal rounded ; symphyseal canines on
upper and lower jaws; a band of villiform teeth
on upper jaw, narrow laterally; in lower jaw
a band of villiform teeth in front, laterally very
narrow, with 2 Jarge canines, followed by 2
smaller ones, all widely spaced, followed by a
row of enlarged teeth closer together.
Pseudamia Bleeker, 1865
13b. Body scaleless; anal II, 9 or 10; dorsal VI-I, 10
or 11; caudal a little rounded; no symphyseal
canines; a very narrow band of villiform teeth
laterally on upper jaw (fig. 20, e) ; no teeth at
Symphysis of upper jaw, but at each side of
this small toothless area are 4 canine teeth
followed by the villiform band; symphysis of
lower jaw with a small patch of villiform teeth,
then on each side are a few small conical teeth ;
followed by about 6 enlarged and curved ¢a-
nines, these followed by 9 or 10 small pointed
teeth, all in a single row; sides of body with
short vertical series of pores in addition to the
short interrupted series of lateral-line pores.
Gymnapogon Regan, 1905
CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 407
3b. Anal spines ITI.
14a. Canine teeth present.
15a. Canines in upper jaw widely spaced and ar-
ranged in a single marginal series inside
of which, beginning near middle of jaw, is
a narrow band of vyilliform teeth; also
enlarged canines near symphysis, just in-
side the marginal canine teeth (fig. 19, b) ;
lower jaw with a single marginal series of
canine teeth; teeth on vomer and palatines;
preopercle with double edge, not serrate;
first dorsal VII to IX; anal III.
Scombrops Temminck and Schlegel, 1842
15d. Only a pair of canines at symphysis of upper
jaw and a similar pair of canines in lower
jaw, the latter with a Jateral series of close-
set canines and a narrow inner band of
villiform teeth more prominent posteriorly
(fig. 20, d); teeth on vomer and pala-
tines; preoperele without double edge;
dorsals with IX-I, 9 or X, 11; anal rays
III, 7 or 8; scales about 47 to 50.
Neoscombrops Gilchrist, 1922
14b. No canine teeth present.
16a. Opercle, subopercle, and interopercle armed
with long strong spines; the upper one
on operculum bifid, the lower multifid ;
subopercular spine bifid at tip; both jaws
armed with small conical teeth in a single
row, which are a little larger and in 1
or 2 rows near the symphyses; the V-
shaped vomer and palatines each with a
single row of teeth; dorsal rays VIII-I,
8 to 10; anal III, 6 or 7; seales about
27 to 37; pectoral fin much longer than
head_=2=- 2 ss4232 Howella Ogilby, 1899
16b. Opercular spines simple; anal rays III, 7.
17a. Opercle with 2 spines, subopercle with 2
spines, and interopercle with 1 spine;
scales about 382 or 3838; dorsal rays
VIII-I, 9; teeth very small in single
series on jaws; preopercle with double
edge, posterior margin serrated near
angle__Bathysphyraenops Parr, 1933
17b. Subopercle and interopercle without short
spines, although margins of these bones
may be serrated; scales about 55 to 70;
dorsal rays X, 10; teeth minute or
villiform in a single row or a Very nar-
row band on both jaws (fig. 19, g);
preopercle with double edge, the poste-
rior margin serrated.
Apogonops Ogilby, 1896
408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
3c. Anal rays I, 9 or 10.
18a. No teeth on jaws, palatines, or vomer;
dorsal rays V-I, 10.
Brephostoma Alcock, 1889
18b. Small teeth on jaws, palatines, and
vomer, those on lower jaw and on
vomer in an irregular double series;
on upper jaw and on palatines teeth
in a single series; dorsal rays
VI-I, 11__Brinkmannella Parr, 1933
Genus ACROPOMA Temminck and Schlegel
FIcurE 19, a
Acropoma** 'TEMMINCK and SCHLEGEL, Siebold’s Fauna Japonica, Pisces, pl.
12, figs. 2, 38, pp. 31-82, 1842. (Atypic; type, Acropoma japonicum Giinther
fixed by Glinther, Catalogue of the fishes of the British Museum, vol. 1,
p. 250, 1859.)
Genus DESMOAMIA Fowler and Bean
FicurE 19, f
Desmoamia* Fow Ler and BEAN, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 10, p. 128, 1980.
(Genotype, Cheilodipterus zonatus* Smith and Radcliffe: U. S. N. M. No.
70253, type.)
The following species, represented by a holotype in the National
Museum, is referred to the genus Desmoamia:
Cheilodipterus nigrotaeniatus* SmMirH and Rapciirre, in Radcliffe, Proce. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 41, p. 442, pl. 37, fig. 3, 1912. (U.S. N. M. No. 70252.)
Genus SIPHAMIA Weber
Siphamia Werser, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 31, note 4, p. 168, 1909. (Orthotype,
Siphaniia tubifer Weber.)
Adenapogon McCuttocu, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 18, No. 4, p. 182, pl. 21,
fig. 2, 1921. (Genotype, Apogon roseigaster Ramsay and Ogilby.)
Scopelapogon WHITLEY, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 19, p. 74, 1983. (Orthotype,
Adenapogon (Scopelapogen) woodi McCulloch.)
Fodifoa WHITLEY, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 11, pt. 1, p. 26, 1986. (Geno-
type, Foa fistulosa Weber.)
The following species, represented by a type in the National
Museum, is referred to the genus Siphamia:
Amia versicolor* SMiTH and Rapciirreg, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
41, p. 257, fig. 3, 1911. (U.S.N.M. No. 68401.)
3 All genera and types of species marked with an asterisk (*) are represented by material
in the U. S. National Museum and have been examined by the author.
CHEILODIPTERID FISHES
SCHULTZ 409
Genus EPIGONUS Rafinesque
Fictre 19, h
Epigonus RAFINESQUE, Indice dittiologia siciliana ..., p. 64, 1810. (Orthotype,
Epigonus macrophthalmus Rafinesque.)
Pomatomus (Risso) Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Histoire naturelle des poissons,
yol. 2, p. 171, 1828. (Type, Pomatomus telescopium Risso.)
Telescops BLEEKER, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., vol. 11, pt. 1, p. 261, 1876. (Ortho-
type, Pomatomus telescopium Risso.)
Pomatonrichthys GicLior1, Blenco ...e catalogo ... dei pesci italiani, p. 20,
1880. (Orthotype, Pomatomichihys constanciae Giglioli=Pomatonus tele-
scopium Risso, a synonym of Epigonus.)
Hynnodus* Gicperr, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 23 (1903), pt. 2 A lit
79, 1905. (Orthotype, Hynnodus atherinoides* Gilbert: U.S.N.M. No.
51601, type.)*
Xystramia* JorDAN, Copeia, No. 44, p. 46, 1917. (Orthotype, Glossamia pandi-
onis (Goode and Bean)=Apogon pandionis* Goode and Bean: U.S.N.M.
No. 26628, type.)
Scepierias JoRDAN and JorDAN, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, No. 1, p. 44, pl. 2,
1922. (Type, Scepterias fragilis Jordan and Jordan.)*
Parahynnodus BaRnarp, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 20, p. 69, July 1927.
(Orthotype, Parahynnodus robustus Barnard, Ann. South African Mus.,
vol. 21, p. 525, pl. 22, fig. 4, Oct. 1927.)*
The following species, represented by a type in the National
Museum, is referred to the genus E’pigonus:
Hynnodus megalops* SmitH and RapcuirrE, i Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
yol. 41, p. 445, pl. 38, fig. 3, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70255.)
Genus APOGON Lacépéde
FIGURE 19, 4
Amia Gronow, Zoophylacii..., p. 80, 1763 (nonbinomial). (Type, Amia
moluecensis Cuvier and Valenciennes. )
Apogon Lacépkpr, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 3, p. 411, 1802... (Type,
Apogon ruber Lacépéde.)
Ostorhinchus Lackpkpr, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 4, p. 23, 1802.
(Type, Ostorhinchus fleurieu Lacépéde. ) ;
Dipterodon Lactpkpr, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 4, p. 167, 1802.
(Type, Dipterodon hexacanthus Lacépéde, designated by Jordan and Ever-
mann, Genera of fishes, vol. 1, p. 63, 1917.)
Macrolepis RarinrsqueE, Analyse de la nature .. ., Pp. 89, 1815. (Type, Apogon
ruber Lacépéde; proposed to replace Apogon Lacépéde. )
Apogonoides Birrker, Journ. Indian Archipelago, vol. 3, p. 70, 1849. (Ortho-
type, Apogonoides macassariensis Bleeker.)
?Microichthus Riipprny, Verzeichniss in dem Museum Senckenbergischen ...
Sammlungen: Pt. 4, Fische und deren Skelette, p. i, 1852. (Orthotype,
Microichthys coccot Riippell.)
4 Matsubara, Journ. Imp. Fish. Inst., vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 119-130, 1936, has reviewed the
genera Hynnodus, Porahynnodus, and Scepterias and is of the opinion that they should
be referred to Epigonus, in which opinion I concur.
410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Apogonichthys BLErkKErR, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indié, vol. 6, pp. 312, 321, 1854.
(Type, Apogonichthys perdix Bleeker.)
Amia Gronow, Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore
Gronow, now in the British Museum (edited by Giinther), p. 173, 1854.
(Orthotype, Amia percaeformis Gronow.)
Monoprion Pory, Mem. Hist. Nat. Cuba, vol. 2, p. 128, 1860. (Orthotype, Mono-
prion maculatus Poey.)
Lepidamia Gitt, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1863, p. 81. (Orthotype,
Amia kalosoma Bleeker.)
Glossamia Git, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1863, p. 82. (Orthotype,
Apogon aprion Richardson.)
Mionorus Krerrt, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867, p. $43. (Orthotype, Mionorus
lunatus Krefft.)
Pristiapogon KLuUNzINGER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1870, p. 715. (Type,
Apogon fraenatus Valenciennes. )
£Vincentia CASTELNAU, Proc. Zool. Acclim. Soc. Victoria, vol. 1, p. 245, 1872.
(Type, Vincentia waterhousei Castelnau.)
Gulliveria CASTELNAU, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 3, p. 45, 1878.
(Logotype, Gulliveria fusca Castelnau=Apogon aprion, a synonym of Glos-
sania.)
Monosira Pory, Anat. Soc. Espaf. Hist. Nat., Madrid, vol. 10, p. 326, 1881.
(Type, Monosira stahli Poey.)
Fowleria JorpDAN and EvERMANN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 22 (1902), p. 180,
1903. (Type, Apogon auritus Valenciennes.)
Foa* JoRDAN and EveRMANN, in Jordan and Seale, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
28, p. 779, July 3, 1905. (Orthotype, Foa fo* Jordan and Seale: U. S.
N. M. No. 51735, type.)
Foa* JORDAN and EvERMANN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 23 (1903), pt. 1,
p. 210, fig., July 29, 1905. (Orthotype, Fowleria brachygrammus * Jenkins:
U.S. N. M. No. 50699, type.)
Astrapogon Fowter, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1906, p. 527. (Type, Apo-
gonichthys stellatus Cope.)
Rhabdamia Werser, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 31, p. 165, 1909. (Orthotype, Rhab-
damia clupeiformis Weber.)
Neamia* SmirH and RApcuLIFFe, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, p.
441, 1912. (Type, Neamia octospina* Smith and Radcliffe: U.S.N.M. No.
70251, type.)
Nectamia JORDAN, Copeia, No. 44, p. 46, 1917. (Type, Apogon fuscus Quoy and
Gaimard.)
Zoramia JORDAN, Copeia, No. 44, p. 46, 1917. (Type, Apogon yraeffi Giinther.)
Brephamia JORDAN, in Jordan and Jordan, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, No. 1,
p. 43, 1922. (Type, Amia parvuia* Smith and Radcliffe.)
Gronovichthys Wuitiry, Ree. Australian Mus., vol. 17, p. 302, footnote, 1929;
Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 10, pt. 1, p. 11, 1980. (Orthotype, Amia percae-
formvis Gray.)
Sphaeramia Fowirr and BEAN, U. 8. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 10, p. 29, 1930.
(Genotype, Apogon nematoptera Bleeker.)
Joamia Fow Ler and BreAn, U. §. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 10, p. 180, 1930. (Geno-
type, Apogonichthys gracilis Bleeker.)
Lovamia WHITLEY, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 10, pt. 1, p. 10, 1980. (Orthotype,
Mullus fasciatus White.)
Yarica Wuittry, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 10, pt. 1, p. 12, 1930. (Orthotype,
Apogon hyalosoma var. torresiensis Castelnau. )
CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 411
Pterapogon KouMans, Zodl. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, vol. 16, p. 78,
fig. 2, 1933. (Orthotype, Pterapogon kauderni Koumans.)
Kurandapogon* Wuittry, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 405, pp. 1-4,
pl. 1, 1989. (Genotype, Kurandapogon blanchardi* Whitley.)
The following species, represented by types in the U. S. National
Museum, have been examined by the author and are referred to the
genus Apogon:
Amia retrosella Gitu, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1862, p. 251. (U.S.N.M.
Nos. 2454, 2997, 4413.)
Apogon alutus JorpAN and Gitprrt, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 5, D. 279, 1882.
(U.S.N.M. No. 30874.)
Apogon atricaudus JorDAN and McGreeor, in Jordan and Evermann, U. S. Nat.
Mus. Bull. 47, p. 2853, 1898. (U.S.N.M. No. 48527.)
Apogon sellicauda EverMANN and MarsH, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, pt-
1, p. 143, fig. 40, 1900. (U.S.N.M. No. 49529.)
Apogon unicolor DODERLEIN, in Jordan and Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23,
p. 749, pl. 33, 1801. (U.S.N.M. No. 49708.)
Apogonichthys waikiki JoRDAN and EVERMANN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 22,
p. 179, 1903. (U.S.N.M. No. 50639.)
Apogon snyderi JorvAN and EVERMANN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 22, p. 180,
1803. (U.S.N.M. No. 50640.)
Apogon menesemus JENKINS, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 22, p. 448, 1903.
(U.S.N.M. No. 50700.)
Apogon erythrinus SNyprER, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 22, p. 526, pl. 9, fig. 17,
1904. (U.S.N.M. No. 50876.)
Apogon evermanni JORDAN and SNYDER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, p. 128, 1904.
(U.S.N.M. No. 51487.)
Amia gilberti JoRDAN and Sete, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, p. T77, fig. 3, 1905.
(U.S.N.M. No. 51941.)
Mionorus mydrus Jorpan and SEALE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, p. 778, fig. 4,
1905. (U.S.N.M. No. 51946.)
Amia exostigma JorDAN and SrTarKs, in Jordan and Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish.,
vol. 25, p. 238, fig. 31, 1906. (U.S.N.M. No. 51782.)
Amia doryssa, JoRDAN and Sears, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., vol. 25, p. 245, fig. 39,
1906. (U.S.N.M. No. 51812.)
Foa vaiulae JorpAN and SEALs, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., vol. 25, p. 249, fig. 43, 1906.
(U.S.N.M. No. 51754.)
Apogonichthys isostigma JORDAN and SEALE, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 25, p. 251,
fig. 45, 1906. (U.S.N.M. No. 51736.)
Amia jenkinsi EVERMANN and SEALE, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, p. 73, fig. 9,
1907. (U.S.N.M. No. 55907.)
Apogonichthys menialis EVERMANN and Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 26,
p. 74, fig. 10, 1907. (U.S.N.M. No. 55905.)
Apogonichthys nofae SNYDER, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, p. 599, 1909. (U.S.N.M.
No. 62947.)
Amia compressa SMITH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41,
p. 246, pls. 20, 21, 1911. (U.S.N.M. No. 68398.)
Amia angustata SMiTH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41,
p. 253, fig. 1, 1911. (U.S.N.M. No. 68399. )
Amia robusta SMITH and RADCLIFFE, i Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41,
p. 254, fig. 2, 1911. (U.S.N.M. No. 68400.)
Amia diencaea SmarH and RapcwtFFe, im Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41,
p. 431, pl. 34, fig. 1, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70243.)
193255—40——2
412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
Amia parvula SMITH and Rapcrirrs, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41,
p. 482, pl. 34, fig. 2, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70244.)
Amia hyalina SmiTH and Rapciirre“, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41,
p. 433, pl. 36, fig. 2,1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70245.)
Amia diversa SMITH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41,
p. 434, pl. 37, fig. 1, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70246.)
Amia nigrocincta SMITH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 41,
p. 435, pl. 37, fig. 2,1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70247.)
Amia uninotata SMITH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41,
p. 436, pl. 34, fig. 3, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70248.)
Amia striata SMITH and RApcLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41,
p. 437, pl. 35, fig. 1, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 68403.)
Amia albomarginata SMITH and RapDcuLiFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 41, p. 488, pl. 35, fig. 2, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 68402.)
Amia atrogaster SMITH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proe. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 41,
p. 489, pl. 3d, fig. 3, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70249.)
Amia guadalupensis OSBURN and NicHors, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 35,
art. 16, p. 160, fig. 9, 1916. (U.S.N.M. No. 87545.)
Kurandapogon blanchardi Wuittry, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zo6l. Univ. Michigan, No. 405,
pp. 1+, pl. 1, 19389. (U.S.N.M. No. 109466.)
Genus ARCHAMIA Gill
Archamia Git, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18638, p. 81. (Orthotype,
Apogon bleekeri Giinther.)
The characters given in the key for this genus were based mostly
on specimens of Archamia lineolata (Cuvier and Valenciennes),
U.S.N.M. Nos. 52203 and 89255, from Apia.
Genus OXYODON Brauer
Oxryodon BRAUER, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedi-
tion auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898-99, vol. 15, p. 287, fig. 172, 1906.
(Oxthotype, Oxyodon macrops Brauer.)
Genus DINOLESTES Klunzinger
FIGurReE 19, d@
Dinolestes* KiLuNzinerr, Arch. Naturg., vol. 38, pt. 1, p. 29, 1872. (Type, Dino-
lestes muelleri Klunzinger. )
Lanioperca GUNTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 10, p. 183, 1872. (Ortho-
type, Lanioperca mordag Giinther=Dinolestes mueileri Kiunzinger. )
Neosphyraena CASTELNAU, Proce. Zool. Acclim. Soc. Victoria, vol. 1, p. 96, 1872.
(Orthotype, Neosphyraena multiradiata Castelnau.)
Genus CHEILODIPTERUS Lacépéde
FIGURE 20, a
Cheilodipterus* LActPEDE, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 3, p. 539, 1802.
(Type, Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacépéde, as restricted by Cuvier and
Valenciennes. )
Aspro (Commerson) LAcErEpE, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 4, p. 273,
1803. (Type, Cheilodipterus macrodon Lacépéde, as restricted by Jordan.)
CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—-SCHULTZ 413
Clodipterus RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la nature. . ., pp. 86, 88, 1815. (Substitute
for Cheilodipterus Lacépéde. )
Chilodipterus GinruER, Catalogue of the fishes of the British Museum, vol. 1, p.
248, 1859. (Type, Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacépéde. )
Paramia Buirexer, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 1)’ “p. 232; £863:, (Type,
Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacépéde; proposed to replace Cheilodipterus
Lacépéde.)
Acanthapogon* Fowter, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 2, p. 197, pl. 8,
fig. 18, 1938. (Genus based on tiny young; type, Acanthapogon vanderbilti*
Fowler: U.S.N.M. No. 107189, paratypes.)
The following species, represented by a holotype in the National
Museum, is referred to the genus Cheilodipterus :
Chilodipterus affinis* Pory, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 11, p. 58, 1876.
(U.S.N.M. No. 87416.)
CHEILODIPTEROPS, new genus
Figure 20, 6
Two or three pairs of canines at symphysis of lower jaw, each side
of lower jaw with three or four enlarged canines; posterior to the
symphyseal canines occur villiform teeth; each side of tip of upper
jaw with a small patch of villiform teeth, followed by three pairs of
canines, remainder of jaw with wide band of villiform teeth; vomer
and palatines with small teeth, other characters are those of the new
species.
Genotype—C heilodipterops isostigma, new species.
CHEILODIPTEROPS ISOSTIGMA,* new species
Holotype-—U.S.N.M. No. 30657. A specimen 74 mm. in standard
Jength taken at New Guinea by the Linnean Society, Sydney, Aus-
tralia, previous to 1882.
Description ——Body compressed, elongate, with large ctenoid scales;
lateral line continuous but not extending on caudal fin rays; inter-
orbital space slightly concave; maxillaries slipping under preorbital
anteriorly, and a little posteriorly a small supplementary bone pos-
teriorly on upper edge of maxulary; maxillary reaching to beyond a
vertical line from rear edge of pupil; premaxillary protractile, its
upper edge concealed by preorbital bones; mouth terminal, jaws
equal, the lower fitting inside the canines of upper jaw; small
symphyseal knob at tip of lower jaw; pelvic rays I, 5; dorsal VI-I, 9;
anal II, 8, the first spine very small, about 1 pupil; pectoral rays
11-11; principal caudal rays 17, scales 214+25+514; cheeks with
large scales; gill rakers on first arch 5+15 and 5+16; preoperculum
with double edge, the posterior edge finely serrated; pseudobranchiae
present; operculum with one very weak flat spine that does not extend
beyond the membranous bone; anus about the diameter of eye in
414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOu, 88
advance of origin of anal fin, much closer to origin of anal than
insertion of pelvics, gill membranes extending far forward not joined
to isthmus; branchiostegals 6; caudal fin slightly emarginate.
Measurements—The measurements outside the parentheses are in
millimeters, and those in the parentheses are expressed in hundredths
of the standard length. Distance from tip of snout to base of mid-
caudal fin rays 74; greatest depth of body 19 (25.7); least depth of
caudal peduncle 10 (13.5); length from base of last anal ray to base
of midcaudal fin rays 21 (28.4); head 29 (39.2) diameter of eye 9
(12.2) snout 6.9 (9.8); bony interorbital space 3.7 (5.0); length of
longest pectoral fin ray 14.7 (19.9); length of second (longest) anal
spine 10.4 (14.1); length of longest dorsal spine or second spine 13
(17.5); tip of snout to origin of spiny dorsal fin 32.5 (44.0); tip of
snout to origin of anal fin 50 (67.7); tip of snout to insertion of
pectoral fin 29 (39.2); tip of snout to insertion of pelvic fins 29.6
(40.0) ; tip of snout to center of anus 42.7 (57.7) ; length of maxillaries
10.5 (14.2).
Color in alcohol—Peritoneum silvery; sides of body with five
narrow, longitudinal, brown streaks and a midventral one on breast
between pelvics; on occiput begins the most dorsal streak, continuing
along midline of back, dividing just in front of origin of dorsal, a
branch passing along each side of base of rays, uniting just behind
base of dorsal, and continuing along middorsal line of caudal pedun-
cle; second one begins at tip of snout passing along top of head at
dorsal edge of orbit, over posttemporal, and along lateral line, leaving
it a little in front of origin of dorsal and continuing along upper side
of caudal peduncle; the median streak begins on tip of snout, passes
through eye and along midside of body, ending on caudal peduncle;
the next one begins on tip of lower jaw and passes just below
eye and along midventral side to caudal fin base; the ventral streak
begins on tip of lower jaw, extending along ventral margin of
Ficure 19.—Upper and lower jaws of cheilodipterid fishes, showing arrangement of the
teeth; bands and patches of villiform teeth are blackened; white spots in black area repre-
sent canine teeth, usually in a single row along outer margin; vomerine and palatine teeth
not shown: a, Acropoma japonicum, diagram based mostly on U.S.N.M. Nos. 49823, 49824,
and 57756; b, Scombrops, based on U.S.N.M. Nos. 48138, 49932, 57524, and 59619 (speci-
mens of S. chetlodipterus and S. boops); c, Telescopias gilbertt, based on U.S.N.M. No.
57540, a paratype; d, Dinolestes muelleri, based on U.S.N.M. Nos. 49712 and 49713; ¢,
Synagrops, based on U.S.N.M. Nos. 51434 (S. japonica), 39338 (type), 39346, 44621,
74325-74328 (all paratypes of S. bella), 70254 (type of S. serratospinosa), 70250 (type of
Amia grossidens), and 47732 (type of Melanostoma argyreum); f, Desmoamia zonatus, based
on U.S.N.M. No. 70253 (type) and 70252 (type of Cheilodipterus nigrotaentatus);
g, Apogonops, based on U.S.N.M. No. 74085 (type of Parasphyraenops atrimanus);
h, Epigonus, based on U.S.N.M. Nos. 44827 and 49351 (specimens of £. telescopius);
1, Apogon, based on numerous specimens of several species.
CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 415
Ficune 19.—See opposite page for explanation
416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
dentary backward just above pectoral fin base and along base of anal
fin, uniting into a single streak along midventral line of caudal
peduncle; very intense black spot at midbase of caudal fin rays.
JADAMGA, new genus
FicurE 20, c
This genus, based on the species Jadamga quinquelineata (Cuvier
and Valenciennes), differs from the closely related genera Cheilodip-
terus and Cheilodipterops in regard to the teeth in the jaw, there
being no canines at tip of lower jaw, as shown in figure 20, ¢, and in
the key (p. 406).
Genotype—Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus* Cuvier and Valen-
clennes.
The diagram (fig. 20, c) is based on a sketch of the holotype by
Chabanaud and on U.S.N.M. Nos. 52296 and 65976.
Genus SYNAGROPS Giinther
Ficure 19, e
Melanostoma StEINDACHNER and D6OpERLEIN, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien.
math.-nat. Classe, vol. 48, p. 5, 1888. (Orthotype, Jfelanostoma japonicum*
Steindachner and Déderlein.)
Synagrops* GUNTHER, Report on the scientific results of the voyages of H. M. &.
Challenger during the years 1873-76, vol. 22, pt. 57, p. 16, 1887. (Type,
Melanostoma japonicum Steindachner and Déderlein; substitute name for
Melanostoma Steindachner and Déderlein, preoccupied. )
Parascombrops AtcocK, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, vol. 58, pt. 2, p. 296, 1889.
(Type, Parascombrops pellucidus Alcock.)
Hypoclydonia* Goopre and Bean, Oceanic ichthyology, p. 236, 1895. (Type,
Hypoclydonia belia* Goode and Bean: U.S.N.M. No. 89838, type.)
Amioides* SmirH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41,
p. 489, 1912, (Type, Amia (Amioides) grossidens* Smith and Radcliffe:
U. S. N. M. No. 70250, type.)
MTaccullochina JoRDAN, in Jordan and Jordan, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, No. 1.
p. 44,1922. (Type, Synagrops serratospinosa* Smith and Radcliffe: U.S.N.M.
No. 70254, type.)
KEY TO THE SPECIES REFERRED TO SYNAGROPS
la. Anterior edge of pelvic spines serrated.
2a. Anterior edge of second spine of first dorsal and of anal fin serrated.
3a. Anterior edge of spine in second dorsal serrated; no small keels on outer
surface of posterior portion of preoperculum near lower angle.
serratospinosa Smith and Radcliffe
36. Spine of second dorsal smooth; 2 or 3 small keels on outer surface of
posterior portion of preoperculum near lower angle.
spinosa, new species
2b. Anterior edge of no spine in dorsal or anal fins serrated.
4a. No keels on outer surface of posterior portion of preoperculum near
OW ae He ee ec rat A philippinensis (Giinther)
4b. Three keels on outer surface of posterior portion of preoperculum near
LOWEN ETD LG ae Se a cae ae SE eae argyrea (Gilbert and Cramer)
CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 417
1b. Anterior edge of pelvic spines smooth.
5a. One obviously strong humeral spine; margin of anterior ridge of
preopercle smooth_____--____ grossidens (Smith and Radcliffe)
5b. No humeral spines or at most only a rudiment of one; anterior
ridge of preoperculum with a few serrations at lower angle.
6a. No keels on outer surface of posterior portion of preoperculum
near lower angle; dorsal fins joined or practically so; Anal
Ii, 2:
7a= About 40 scales in lateral line, depth 344 to 3% in length; eye
81% to 334 in head; gill rakers on lower half of first arch
13 or 14, formula 5-F1--14_--_-_- microlepis Norman
7b. About 35 scales in lateral line; depth 3.3 in length; eye 2.9 in
head; gill rakers on lower half of first arch 17 (total
TAkeCrSh 20) Le ee pseudomicrolepis, new species
6b. Two or three small keels on outer surface of posterior portions of
preoperculum near lower angle; first and second dorsal fins
definitely separated; about 30 scales in lateral line; depth 3%
to more than 4 in length, eye 3 to 3% in head; anal II, 7.
8a. Maxillary to below center of eye, 214 to 214 in head.
bella (Goode and Bean)
8b° Maxillary to below anterior margin of pupil, 244 in head.
japonica (Steindachner and Déderlein)
SYNAGROPS SERRATOSPINOSA Smith and Radcliffe
Synagrops serratospinosa* SmirH and RapcuiFre, in Radcliffe, Proce. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 41, p. 444, pl. 38, fig. 2, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70254, type.)
SYNAGROPS SPINOSA, new species
Holotype.—A male, 105 mm. in standard length, taken at Albatross
station 2401, latitude 28° 38’ 30’ N., longitude 85° 52’ 30’ W., depth
142 fathoms, March 14, 1885 (Gulf of Mexico). ‘This specimen was
one of the cotypes of Hypoclydonia bella Goode and Bean. It bears
U.S.N.M. No. 743824.
Description —Body compressed, elongate with large cycloid scales,
all except a few of which have been lost; lateral line continuous but
not extending on caudal fin rays, except one or two pores; interor-
pital space slightly convex; premaxillaries protractile, lower jaw
projecting but not entering profile, a small symphyseal knob on lower
jaw fits into a concavity at symphysis of upper jaw; each side of tip
of lower jaw is a concavity with narrow band of villiform teeth,
upper edge of maxillary fitting into a groove formed by the sub-
orbital and preorbital bones anteriorly, but mostly exposed pos-
teriorly; near symphysis of premaxillaries occur a pair of canine
teeth followed posteriorly by a band of villiform teeth; at symphysis
of lower jaw is a pair of canine teeth that fit between those of upper
5 These portions of the key were taken from Norman, Discovery Reports, vol 12, p. 11,
1935. Our limited material does not indicate these differences when specimens of the same
size are compared, and I am unable to find any character that will separate our Japanese
and Atlantic material of bella and japonica with certainty.
ROCEEDINGS 0 a N! NAL MUSEU) yOu, 88
418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
jaws; posterior to the concavity near tip of lower jaw occur 5 and
8 canine teeth along midside of jaw behind which is a band of villi-
form teeth; small teeth on vomer and palatines; pelvics I, 5; the spine
serrated on anterior edge; dorsal rays IX, I, 9, the anterior edge of
second dorsal spine serrated beyond tip of first spine, no other spine
in dorsal fins serrated; the space between dorsals equal to width of
pupil; the third dorsal spine longest; anal rays II, 7, the anterior edge
of the second spine serrated, beyond the tip of the first; pectoral rays
Ficure 20.—Upper and lower jaws of cheilodipterid fishes, showing arrangement of the
teeth; bands and patches of villiform teeth are blackened; white spots on black area
represent canine teeth, usually in a single row along outer margin; vomerine and palatine
teeth not shown: a, Cheilodipterus, diagram based on U.S.N.M. Nos. 30658 and 49287
(C. lineatus), 52410 and 65604 (C. macrodon), 30541 (probably C. octovittatus), and 37416
(type of C. affinis); b, Cheilodipierops, based on U.S.N.M. No. 30657 (holotype of C.
isostigma); c, Jadamga, based on U.S.N.M. Nos. 52296 (7 specimens), 65976 (1 specimen),
and the holotype from a sketch of J. quinquelineata by Chabanaud; d, Neoscombrops, based
on a sketch by Barnard from a specimen of NV. annectens in the South African Museum;
e, Gymnapogon, based on U.S.N.M. No. 108821 (paratype of G. japonicus).
CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 419
16 on each side; gill rakers on first arch 5+14; about 31 scale rows
crossing lateral line; preoperculum with double edge, the lower angle
of the anterior edge with fine serrations, the posterior edge completely
serrated; operculum with two weak spines, edge smooth; subopercu-
Jum and interoperculum with a few weak serrations; inside of gill
chamber blackish; peritoneum black, anus immediately in front of
origin of anal fin; principal caudal rays 17; pseudobranchiae large;
gill membranes extending far forward, free from isthmus except where
they join it at its anterior tip; branchiostegals 6; caudal forked.
Measurements ——The measurements outside the parentheses are in
millimeters, and those in parentheses are expressed in hundredths of
the standard length. Distance from tip of snout to base of midcaudal
fin rays 105; greatest depth of body 30.5 (29) at origin of spiny
dorsal; least depth of caudal peduncle 11.9 (11.3) ; length from base
of last anal ray to base of midcaudal fin rays 25 (23.8); head 37
(85.2) ; diameter of eye 10.8 (10.3); snout 9.0 (8.6); interorbital
space 9.3 (8.9) ; length of longest pectoral fin ray 26 (24.8) ; length of
second anal spine 9.6 (9.1) ; length of longest dorsal fin spine or third
spine 17 (16.2) ; tip of snout to origin of spiny dorsal fin 38.7 (36.8) ;
tip of snout to origin of anal fin 71.3 (68); tip of snout to insertion
of pectoral fins 37 (35.2) ; tip of snout to insertion of pelvic fins 39.7
(37.8) ; tip of snout to center of anus 67.8 (64.5); length of maxil-
laries 16.6 (15.8) ; color in alcohol, silvery on sides and belly, darker
above.
This species is distinguished from other species in the genus
Synagrops as indicated in the key.
SYNAGROPS PHILIPPINENSIS (Giinther)
Acropoma philippinense* GUNTHER, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger,
vol. 1, pt. 6, p. 51, 1880.
Parascombrops pellucidus ALcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 58, pt. 2, p. 296,
pl. 22, fig. 1, 1889.
Synagrops malayanus Werser, Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition, p. 196, fig. 52,
1913.
SYNAGROPS ARGYREA (Gilbert and Cramer)
Melanostoma argyreum* GitseRr and CRAMER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 19,
p. 416, pl. 39, fig. 3, 1897. (U.S.N.M. No. 47732, holotype.)
SYNAGROPS GROSSIDENS (Smith and Radcliffe)
Amia (Amioides) grossidens* SmirH and Ravcuirre, in Radcliffe, Proc. Us:
Nat. Mus., vol. 41, p. 440, pl. 36, fig. 1, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70250, type.)
SYNAGROPS MICROLEPIS Norman
Synagrops microlepis* NorMan, Discovery Reports, vol. 12, Coast fishes, tebe
The South Atlantic, p. 12, fig. 8, 1935. (U.S.N.M. No. 108186, paratype. )
420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
SYNAGROPS PSEUDOMICROLEPIS, new species
Holotype.—A male, 110 mm. in standard length, taken by the First
Johnson-Smithsonian Deep-sea Expedition, March 4, 1933, and bear-
ing tin tag number 599, station 100, latitude 18° 38’ 45’’ N., longitude »
64° 62’ 45’” W., to latitude 18° 40’ 15’’ N., longitude 64° 50’ 15’” W,, ,
which is off the Virgin Islands. U.S.N.M. No. 107203.
Description Body compressed, elongate, with large cycloid scales,
most of which have been lost; lateral line continuous but not extend- -
ing on caudal fin rays; interorbital space nearly flat; head with nu- -
merous spongy cavities; premaxillaries protractile; lower jaw longer »
than upper, slightly projecting; upper edge of maxillaries fitting
into a groove formed by the suborbital and preorbital bones, and —
anteriorly the maxillaries are covered by the preorbitals; wide band —
of villiform teeth on the premaxillaries, the very outer ones a little
enlarged at each side of the symphysis of premaxillaries is a large
canine tooth, on right side a smaller teoth at base of large one, be-
tween this pair of large canines fits the symplyseal knob and a
smaller pair of canines on lower jaw; lower jaw with a narrow band
of sharp villiform teeth anteriorly, but at sides of jaw gradually be-
coming enlarged canines in one row numbering 8 or 9, those in mid-
side of jaw longest, and far apart; the region of the lower jaw at each
side of the symphyseal canines is concave as in the genus Synagrops;
teeth on vomer villiform in V-shaped patch, ending posteriorly in a
few slightly enlarged teeth; palatine teeth small, conical in one or two
irregular rows. Pelvics I, 5; dorsal rays IX, I, 10, a deep emargi-
nation in front of last spine and over ninth spine; first dorsal spine
short, second about 214 times length of first, third spine longest; front
edge of no spine in any fin serrated: preoperculum with double edge,
the lower angle of the anterior edge with 5 or 6 short spines the
posterior edge at lower angle serrated as is lower edge; at lower
angle of preoperculum, outer surface of posterior plate without the
small keels; operculum with two weak spines; suboperculum at lower
corner with edge bearing a few serrae; interoperculum also with some
serrae; inside of gill chamber blackish; peritoneum jet black; anus
just in front of origin of anal fin; principal caudal rays 17; pseudo-
branchiae present and large; gill membranes extending far forward
free from isthmus; branchiostegals 7; first anal spine short, curved
posteriorly, second anal spine long, broad, grooved behind.
Counts.—Dorsal rays IX, I, 10; anal rays II, 9; pectoral right 16,
left 1825; gill rakers 7+1+17; scale formula about 3+35+ ?.
Measurements.—The measurements outside parentheses are in milli-
meters, and those in parentheses are expressed in hundredths of
standard length. Distance from tip of snout to base of midcaudal fin
rays 110; greatest depth of body 33 (30.0) near origin of spinous
CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 421
dorsal fin; least. depth of caudal peduncle 11.5 (10.5); length from
pase of last anal ray to base of midcaudal fin rays 18.8 (17.1) ; head
43 (39.1); diameter of eye 15 (13.6) snout 7.3 (6.64); interorbital
space 10.5 (9.55) ; length of longest pectoral fin ray 33 (30.0) ; length
of second anal spine 10.5 (9.55) ; tip of snout to origin of spiny dorsal
fin 45.6 (41.5); tip of snout to origin of anal fin 75.6 (68.7); Gp of
snout to insertion of pectoral fins 42.6 (38.7) ; tip of snout to insertion
of pelvic fin 44 (40.0) ; tip of snout to anus 70.6 (64.2) ; least width of
bony suborbital 2.3 (2.18) ; length of maxillaries 21.3 (19.4).
Color in alcohol darker above; sides and belly silvery.
This species is distinguished from other species in the genus
Synagrops as indicated in the key.
SYNAGROPS BELLA (Goode and Bean)
Hypoclydonia bella* Goope and BEAN, Oceanic ichthyology, p. 236, pl. 66, fig. 237,
1895. (U.S.N.M. No. 39388, type; Nos. 39346, 44621, 74325-74528, paratypes. )
TaBLe 1.—Counts made on specimens of Synagrops in the U. S. National
Museum
Me Ay vie ie PR EES
Dorsal rays Anal rays Pectoral rays Scale rows crossing lateral
Species
i 25 | 27} 29 | 31 | 33 | 35 | 37 | 39
IX| 1] 8] 910; IL] 7} 8} 9 | 14] 15) 16} 17] 18) 19) 56 | 58] 39 | 39] 34 | 36] 38 | 40
terratospinosa___------ AN ea tee TS |e ye Los eee] em eres eee es | to ee | ee ene eee Blece es ee eee aoe
PpinOsdo oo. <2 22322 TD essed Vee ereegsp ee a el] veo eats | ef ek ee me ee fee
philippinensis___---_-- TSAO) Bi Vzhe NLS] et 7a a Gl Ola eee A) ioe ies ee=|eo=
OO eee ed ee es See eee DW) De ee ales EE Ae a al ae eee = yaa
BrOSSideNS == sake Hh eh a vs OU feed ye alee) = Si es) SER teal) Beale | oo faaojco
microlepis 1__._____--- | ae TI a ee | ee eM perl ae |
pseudomicrolepis._.---} 1} 1j---]--- ot joe |e eee Heer lee te rede | ec I | ee | ae | eee
Wei igee te ee ee LN, Ed I SRP RS aI eT Gl Syme alee Dole ae renee
BQPONICES anne neon oe) Dias) ote aie eee Se Dee ete meme ee ea ere
ee
Gill rakers on lower
half of arch
Species Eo
11} 12) 1314/15 |16 |17 |15 |16 17 |18 | 19} 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 25
Total gill rakers on first gill arch
ETT OLOSDIOS heen e ae nea BimtGle eed ee eee ee FAL HA A aie eae) B= slicsa bes] eee
BE YIET OS Cae cee eee oon Hale tlh he | eee et re Da | oe eae a
philippinensis___..---------------------- ASI OF Sls Shishi Siiolees| 2 Bese ae lean eee | aan
CUT COO ee eee eee eee coe es=- |< 1 = 4] oe | it SB | eee eee |
AS CBELUENS =e tee eee eet 8 eee leee emo al] sfc SN ao hee eT ea Se Te ee
PIEICHOLED iS) eee ne ee ere oe iN) UL ees Fe | sae nL en eg Ss |e et |
pseudomicrolepis_.....-.----------------|---|---|---|---]---}--- Lee ee pee ers leaf eee eee ee
Pete eee ak Ue caine Vee SA FIle 4) 6] 2|_--}---|---|---] 1] 4] 6] 2]---|---¥---]---j---
SURE T Le eae ee eel eee ee Dhoni] _ sui) e el) ee a
1 Data for one of these specimens of S. microlepis were taken from Norman, Discovery Reports, vol. 12, 1935.
422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 |
SYNAGROPS JAPONICA (Sieindachner and Déderlein)
Melanostoma japonicum* DGDERLEIN, in Steindachner and Déderlein, Denkschr,
Akad. Wiss. Wien. math.-nat, Classe, vol. 48, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 2, 1883.
Synagrops natalensis GILCHRIST, Fish. and Mar. Biol. Surv. South Africa, Rept.
No. 2, special rept. m1, p. 69, 1922.
Genus TELESCOPIAS Jordan and Snyder °
Fieure 19, c
Telescopias * JORDAN and SNYDER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p. 909, pl. 44,
1901. (Orthotype, Telescopias gilberti Jordan and Snyder: U.S.N.M. No.
57540, paratype. )
Genus PSEUDAMIA Bleeker
Pseudamia BLEEKER, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 2, p. 284, 1865. (Type,
Apogon polystigma Bleeker. )
Genus GYMNAPOGON Regan °
Ficure 20, e
Gynnapogon* REGAN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 15, p. 19, 1905. (Ortho-
type, Gymnapogon japonicus Regan; U.S.N.M. No. 108821, paratype.)
Genus SCOMBROPS Temminck and Schlegel °
FIGURE 19, 0
Scombrops* TEMMINCK and SCHLEGEL, Siebold’s Fauna Japonica, Pisces, p. 118,
1849. (Orthotype, Scombrops cheilodipterus Bleeker=Scomber boops
Houttuyn.)
Latebrus Porty, Mem. Hist. Nat. Cuba, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 168, 1860. (Orthotype,
Latebrus oculatus Poey.)
Genus NEOSCOMBROPS Gilchrist
FIcurE 20, d
Neoscombrops* Gitcurist, Fish. and Mar. Biol. Surv. South Africa Rept. No. 2,
special rept. 1, p. 67, 1922. (Genotype, Neoscombrops annectens Gilchrist.)
Erythrobussothen Parr, Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 3, art. 6, p. 31, fig.
14, 19383. (Genotype, Erythrobussothen gracilis Parr.)
Genus HOWELLA Osgilby
Howella Oagitpy, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 33, p. 734, 1899.
(Orthotype, Howella brodiei Ogilby.)
Galeagra HELLER and SNoperAss, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 5, p. 193,
1903. (Orthotype, Galeagra pammelas Heller and Snodgrass.)
Rhectogramma NorMAN, Discovery Reports, vol. 2, p. 848, fig. 39, 1930. (Geno-
type, Rhectogramma sherborni Norman.)
Sphyraenops GILL, in Poey, Mem. Hist. Nat. Cuba, vol. 2, p. 349, 1860. (Ortho-
type, Sphyraenops bairdianus Poey.)
6The placing of Scombrops, Telescopias, and Gymnapogon in the family Pomatomidae
by Regan (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 12, pp. 117-118, 1913) does not seem justified
to me at this time. Further study is necessary to establish relationships.
CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 423
Genus BATH YSPHYRAENOPS Parr
Bathysphyraenops Parr, Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 3, art. 6, p. 28,
fig. 15, 1933. (Genotype, Bathysphyraenops simplex Parr.)
Genus APOGONOPS Ogilby
FIGURE 19, g
Apogonops OctLBy, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 21, p. 23, 1896.
(Orthotype, Apogonops anomalus Ogilby.)
Parasphyraenops T. H. BEAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 25, p. 124, 1912.
(Orthotype, Parasphyraenops atrimanus* Bean: U.S.N.M. No. 74085, type.)
Genus BREPHOSTOMA Alcock
Brephostoma ALcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 4, p. 383, 1889. (Ortho-
type, Brephostoma carpenteri Alcock.)
Genus BRINKMANNELLA Parr
Brinkmannelia Parr, Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 3, art. 6, p. 26, fig.
12,1933. (Genotype, Brinkmannella elongata Parr.)
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington: 1940 No. 3086
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE
EUCHARIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA)
By A. B. Ganan
Tue following notes and descriptions are published principally in
order to make names available for various species of Eucharidae that
have been submitted for determination.
Family EUCHARIDAE
The family Eucharidae is an extensive one, comprising many of the
most striking forms to be found in the Chalcidoidea. It is evident.
that only relatively few of the existing species as yet have been
described. In view of the many weird and unusual forms to be found
in the family, one might expect their classification to be an easy matter,
but such is not the case. Supposed generic distinctions often inter-
grade, making it difficult to be sure of the correct placement for a
given species, and specific distinctions are often extremely subtle,
consisting of slight differences in sculpture that are hard to describe
and may easily be overlooked. So far as known all the species are
parasites of Formicoidea or at least associated with ants, and the
biologies of the few species of which the habits are known are not only
very interesting but quite complicated.
Genus EUCHARIS Latreille
EUCHARIS SCUTELLARIS, new species
Closely resembles adscendens Fabricius, as that species stands rep-
resented in the National Museum by specimens identified by Dr. F.
193254—40-—1 425
496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Ruschka, but may be distinguished at once by the rugosely sculptured
scutellum and the fact that the scutellum is not bidentate at apex.
Female——Length 6mm. Head and thorax dark metallic green, abdo-
men mostly black but with the apical margin of second tergite, all of
third, fourth, and fifth tergites yellow, the two apical tergites black;
antennae entirely black; legs mostly yellowish testaceous but with
the femora pitchy black and the coxae concolorous with the thorax;
tegulae dark brown or blackish; wings nearly uniformly light brown-
ish, the middle of disk a little paler; venation dark brown.
Head viewed from in front much broader than high and not nearly
so wide as thorax; frons and vertex rugosely sculptured; face, cheeks,
and lower part of temples sparsely punctate; clypeus perfectly
smooth, its anterior margin very nearly straight; supraclypeal area
mostly smooth and very indistinctly (sometimes not at all) separated
from the clypeus; ocelli large, in a very low triangle; ocellocular line
not longer than the diameter of a lateral ocellus, the area between
posterior ocellus and eye margin deeply depressed. Mesoscutum and
axillae smooth and shining but with very fine punctures sparsely
scattered over the surface; parapsidal grooves sharply impressed,
complete, and finely foveolated; groove at base of scutellum deep and
coarsely foveated; scutellum rugoso-punctate, with a deep longi-
tudinal groove down the middle and a slightly elevated protuberance
at dorsal apex which is not emarginate, the transverse groove ob-
scured by the rugose sculpture; metanotum rugose; propodeum
nearly uniformly rugulose, without carinae, the spiracular furrows
broad and deep; sides of pronotum strongly rugose; prepectus not
distinctly separated from pronotum; mesothoracic spiracle plainly
exposed; mesopleura mostly smooth, with sparse small punctures
similar to those on mesoscutum but more or less strongly wrinkled
along the margins and on lower half, the femoral furrow deep and
with coarse transverse rugae. Anterior coxae rugulosely sculptured,
the median and posterior pairs nearly smooth; anterior and median
femora distinctly shorter and thicker than the posterior pair. Ab-
dominal petiole two and one-half to three times as long as broad,
rugulosely sculptured above on basal half, smooth on apical half,
entirely smooth beneath, nearly parallel-sided throughout most of
its length but rather abruptly narrowed near base, and with a deep
longitudinal median groove both above and beneath; gaster somewhat
smaller than the thorax, mostly smooth and polished but with ulti-
mate and penultimate segments as well as the basal middle of fifth
tergite, finely punctate.
Antennal scape, exclusive of radicle, about as broad as long; pedicel
broader than long; flagellum 8-jointed, not serrate, the apical joints
usually a little narrower than the basal ones; first funicular joint about
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 427
twice as long as broad, thicker at apex than at base; second joint dis-
tinctly a little longer than broad; third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints
barely longer than broad, the seventh very slightly broader than long;
eighth, or club, joint apparently undivided and one and one-half to
two times as long as the preceding joint.
Forewing a little more than two and one-half times as long as broad,
without marginal cilia and with rather weak discal cilia, the base
bare; marginal vein very slightly thicker at base than at apex, post-
marginal vein subobsolete, stigmal vein subtriangular and approxi-
mately as broad as long.
Male—Length 5.5 mm. Antennal flagellum 10-jointed, the first
joint about two and one-half times as long as broad; second to seventh
joints each approximately twice as long as broad; eighth to tenth
joints as distinctly separated as the others and each as long as the sev-
enth joint or only slightly shorter. Abdominal petiole about four
times as long as broad, about as long as posterior femur and a little
more slender than in the female; gaster all black, much smaller than
the thorax with the punctation of the apical three tergites similar to
that of female but not quite so extensive. Otherwise like the female.
Type locality —Suigen, Chosen.
Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 538548.
Described from 10 females (one holotype) and 11 males (one allo-
type) reared by C. P. Clausen from cocoons of Formica sp. in June
1928 under Clausen No. 2300.
Genus PSILOGASTER Blanchard
PSILOGASTER ANTENNATUS, new species
In Ashmead’s key to the genera of Eucharidae,' this species runs
straight to Pstlogaster, agreeing with all the characters cited except
that the joints of the funicle are all short, subequal, and subquadrate
or barely longer than broad, instead of elongate as usual in the genus.
The club of the antenna is indistinctly divided into three segments by
very shallow transverse grooves so that the antenna might be said to
be 13-jointed instead of 11-jointed. If considered to have 13-jointed
antenna the species would run to Orasema in the key, but it differs from
typical species of that genus by having the ovipositor very slender
and entirely devoid of saw-like teeth, by having the abdominal petiole
longer and much more slender, and by lacking a distinct cross-furrow
on the scutellum. No representative of Pstlogaster is at hand for com-
parison, but the species seems to fit best in that genus and accordingly
is placed there pending a better understanding of the genera.
Female.—Length 2 mm. Head impunctate, highly polished, black
with a strong metallic bluish-green tinge on frons, face, and cheeks;
1Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 207, 1904.
498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
thorax rugoso-reticulate, brownish black; antennae entirely, all legs ©
including their coxae and the abdominal petiole pale yellow; all coxae
and petiole of abdomen smooth; abdomen, except petiole, polished, |
black; mouth parts pale yellowish, mandibles blackish at apex; wings
hyaline. Antenna 11-joited; scape subcylindrical, five or six times
as long as broad, about equal in length to five following joints com-
bined; pedicel about twice as long as broad; ring joint subquadrate;
seven joints of funicle subequal and subquadrate or very slightly longer |
than broad} club not thicker than funicle, very slightly longer than
two preceding funicle joints together, practically solid but with dis-
tinct traces of two transverse furrows. Head transverse, much wider
than thorax, perfectly smooth except for a few very weak and irregu-
larly transverse lines on the occiput; occiput very slightly concave;
ocelli in a nearly right-angled triangle, postocellar line distinctly
shorter than ocellocular line; frons practically without scrobes;
clypeus polished, nearly twice as wide as long, its anterior mar-
gin broadly rounded; clypeal foveae and groove distinct but
very shallow; supraclypeal area not defined, i. e., not limited
laterally by grooves; malar space a little shorter than length
of eye; mandibles long and curved, the right with three teeth,
the left with two. Thorax short, moderately convex, with
nearly uniform coarse reticulation; pronotum concealed from above}
parapsidal grooves complete and distinct; scutellum nearly round,
not especially convex and withott a transverse furrow but with an
irregular transverse carina in the normal place for the furrow; pro-
podeum about as long as scutellum and with similar coarse reticulate
sculpture, without definite median carina and without lateral folds,
spiracular sulci present but obscured by the rough sculpture; legs
rather slender, their coxae and femora smooth; forewing normal in
size, bare from base to a little beyond apex of submarginal vein, mod-
erately ciliated beyond that point and with a few hairs in the costal
cell; marginal fringe rather short; veins very slender, the marginal
vein about half as long as submarginal; stigmal vein very short, post-
marginal two or three times as long as stigmal. Abdomen including
the petiole about twice as long as thorax; petiole as long as gaster, very
slender, and slightly bowed from end to end; gaster triangular in
lateral profile, perfectly smooth and shining; ovipositor slender, ap-
parently straight, and without distinct teeth, normally concealed.
Male.—Length 1.9 mm. Almost indistinguishable from the female
except by the genitalia. The antennae are very slightly more slender
with the hairs a little longer. The abdominal petiole is practically
the same as in the female and the gaster is a very little smaller.
Type locality Kuala Lumpur, Federal Malay States.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53549.
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 429
Holotype female, allotype male, and 23 paratypes collected by C. P.
Clausen, at the type locality in February 1930 under Clausen No.
9439. Also 1 paratype taken at quarantine in Honolulu, Hawaiian
Islands, May 8, 1931, on Coelogyne sp. from Straits Settlements.
Genus PARAPSILOGASTER Girault
PARAPSILOGASTER LAEVICEPS, new species
I am in some doubt as to the true generic position of this insect.
The antennae are 12-jointed. The ring joint is entirely absent, and the
club has three rather distinct although imperfectly separated joints.
The head is perfectly smooth, the occiput rather deeply concave and
the angle formed by it with the vertex sharp and margined by a weak
carina behind and very close to the ocelli. The mandibles are as in
Orasema. The labial palpi are 3-jointed, as are also the maxillary
palpi. The pronotum is mostly concealed from above, the mesoscutum
short, strongly declivous anteriorly and weakly rugulose, with the
parapsidal grooves deep and complete. The axillae are broadly united
medially and weakly longitudinally wrinkled. The scutellum has a
transverse fold at its apical one-third, is perfectly smooth behind the
fold but irregularly rugulose in front of it, and is entirely without
processes. The propodeum is about as long as the dorsal aspect of
scutellum before the fold, mostly smooth, without lateral folds and
usually without a median carina, the spiracular grooves well defined.
The legs are slender, their tarsi normal. The abdominal petiole is
irregularly longitudinally rugulose, about twice as long as the pos-
terior coxae and not especially slender. The gaster is smooth, strongly
elevated, its ventral length subequal to the length of petiole, its height
nearly twice its ventral length. The ovipositor is thick and armed
with very distinct saws. The wings are normal, the costal cell moder-
ately broad, the stigmal vein short and sessile, and the postmarginal
vein weak but longer than stigmal.
The above characters, except for the smooth head, long abdominal
petiole, and possibly the number of joints:in the palpi, seem to agree
fairly well with the characters for Parapsilogaster Girault as given
by Girault ? and amplified by Ishii. No authentic representatives of
Parapsilogaster are available for comparison, and it is quite possible
that this new species may eventually be found to represent a new
genus.
Female—Length 2 mm. Head polished, thin anteroposteriorly ;
ocelli in a very low triangle, almost in a straight line; postocellar
and ocellocular lines subequal; scrobes distinctly impressed, moder-
ately deep; clypeus a little broader than long, polished, its anterior
?Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 4, p. 232, 1915.
3 Bull. Imp. Agr. Exp. Stat. (Tokyo), vol. 3, p. 204, 1932.
430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
margin very strongly convexly rounded; clypeal foveae large and
deep and the clypeal sutures very distinct; supraclypeal area dis-
tinctly set off by shallow sutures running from the antennal foramina |
to the clypeal foveae; labrum with four digits; malar space about |
equal to the length of eye; eyes bare. Antennal scape clavate, slender |
at base but becoming thicker toward apex, not quite reaching to an- -
terior ocellus; pedicel short, cup-shaped; funicle joints from first to »
last successively decreasing in length, the first about three times as :
long as broad and about one and one-half times the length of the :
second, the seventh about as long as broad; club a little longer than |
the two preceding funicle joints combined, 3-jointed, the sutures :
usually distinct but not deep. Mesoscutum finely irregularly wrin- »
kled, its lateral lobes smooth posteriorly; parapsidal grooves deep )
and not or very weakly foveolate; sutures separating axillae from |
scutellum strongly foveated, the carinae separating these foveae con- |
tinued over the axillae as very fine, widely separated, and more or |
less parallel and oblique rugae; scutellum longer than broad, dorsally |
sculptured lke the prescutum, smooth at apex, the transverse fold |
not deeply impressed; propodeum about as long as posterior coxae, ,
mostly smooth but usually with some obscure reticulation along the»
basal margin and down the middle, the spiracular sulci not foveated; ;
pleura mostly smooth and polished. AJl coxae smooth; femora and |
tibiae moderately slender, without sculpture; basal joint of hind |
tarsi about as long as the three following joints combined; posterior °
tibia apparently with only one spur. Forewing bare basally behind |
the submarginal vein, this bare area with a triangular extension a |
little before the middle of wing and reaching approximately half!
the length of marginal vein, the rest of wing disk rather densely cili- -
ated; costal cell moderately broad and nearly uniformly ciliated;
marginal cilia extremely short, almost absent; hind wing uniformly
ciliated from base to apex and with distinct marginal cilia. Seg-
ments of gaster apparently not incised medially, all except the first
short and subequal. Head, thorax, abdomen, and all coxae black, the»
thorax with a slight bluish tinge and the gaster faintly coppery;;
femora all dark brown; trochanters, narrow apices of all femora, all’
tibiae, all tarsi, the tegulae, and the antennae, yellowish testaceous, ,
the antennal flagellum becoming brownish toward apex; wings |
hyaline.
Male.—Unknown.
Type locality —Peradeniya, Ceylon.
Type—uvU.S.N.M. No. 53550.
Type and 3 paratypes taken in the above named locality by C. P.
Clausen in February 1930 and bearing his number 2435; also 1 speci-
men taken at the same place July 25, 1913, by an unknown collector.
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 431
Genus CHALCURA Kirby
CHALCURA DEPRIVATA (Walker)
Thirty specimens comprising both sexes and labeled “Ex Odonto-
machus haematodes (Linnaeus) ; Peradeniya, Ceylon, February 1930;
C. P. Clausen collector, No. 2434” have been identified as this species.
Genus KAPALA Cameron
KAPALA TERMINALIS Ashmead
Fifty specimens taken by C. P. Clausen at Hoyo Colorado, Cuba,
in July and bearing his numbers 2453 and 2451 agree nicely with a
paratype of this species in the National Museum collection. The
species was originally described from Cuba, the exact locality not
stated. Two specimens received from 8. C. Bruner were also taken
in Cuba, one at Sierra Rangel, Pinar del Rio, and the other at Ma-
nacas, Santa Clara. One specimen received from G. N. Wolcott,
taken at Port au Prince, Haiti, in February 1925 seems also to belong
to this species.
KAPALA FURCATA (Fabricius)
Thirteen specimens bearing C. P. Clausen No. 2447, and taken Jan-
uary 2, 1931, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, oviposit-
ing in flower buds, seem to agree with Ashmead’s identification of
this Fabrician species. Other material in the collection indicates a
distribution for this species extending from Brazil through Vene-
zuela, Colombia, Panama, St. Vincent, Grenada, and Mexico to
Brownsville, Tex.
Genus SCHIZASPIDIA Westwood
SCHIZASPIDIA CONVERGENS (Walker), new combination
Eucharis convergens WALKER, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 6, p. 358, 1860.
Seven female and fifteen male specimens labeled “ex Odontomachus
haematodes (L.) ; Peradeniya, Ceylon, February 1930; C. P. Clausen
collector, No. 2433” seem to agree very well with Walker’s description
of Eucharis convergens and are believed to be that species.
This species is obviously very similar to Schizaspidia furcifera
Westwood, the type species of Schizaspidia, and I believe should be
referred to that genus. It differs from the description and figures
of furcifera by having the first jomt of the flagellum in the female
nearly twice as long as the pedicel, joints 2 to 8 of the flagellum much
less strongly produced dorsally, the ninth or apical joint very little
longer than broad and with one more or less obscure constriction, the
antenna therefore apparently 12-jointed instead of 13-jointed. The
scutellum is not distinctly longitudinally striated but is shallowly
432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
and irregularly rugose with only one or two weak longitudinal rugae
laterally.
The species closely resembles antennata, the new species described
herewith, but differs in the following respects: Flagellar joints in
the female Jess strongly produced dorsally, the longest tooth being
much shorter than the length of the segment; ninth flagellar joint
closely fused with the tenth, often hardly distinguishable, the anten-
nae therefore often appearing to be only 11-jointed; transverse rugae
on mesoscutum a little less coarse, the surface of mesoscutum there-
fore more shining; parapsidal grooves complete but not deeply im-
pressed and with some of the transverse rugae continuous from the
middle lobe of mesoscutum onto the scapulae; axillae and scutellum
not distinctly longitudinally striated but weakly irregularly rugose
and shining, and the median groove on scutellum broad and shallow;
scutellar process almost exactly like that of antennata but the apex
of scutellum beneath the process nearly smooth; propodeum irreg-
ularly rugulose, more or less shining except laterally; abdominal
petiole very nearly smooth; second tergite sparsely punctate, the
punctures most numerous on the sides of tergite; ovipositor slender,
perfectly straight, and armed with only about three or four very
weak teeth apically; hypopygium apparently with only five or six
long hairs at its apex.
The male differs from the male of antennata by having the first
flagellar joint without a dorsal tooth, the branches on joints 2-9
slightly longer and not quite so broadly compressed, the clypeus and
supraclypeal area polished like the rest of face, mesoscutum with
the median lobe irregularly transversely rugoso-striate, the rugae
continuous across the parapsidal grooves onto the scapulae, scutellum
and axillae not longitudinally striated but, coarsely rugoso-punctate,
apex of scutellum beneath the apical process and also the propodeum
strongly rugoso-punctate, abdominal petiole about one and one-half
times the length of posterior coxae and practically smooth.
The straight, slender, and weakly toothed ovipositor, when com-
pared with the strongly curved, thicker, and strongly toothed oviposi-
tor of antennata, indicates a different method of oviposition and
suggests the possibility that the two species do not belong in the
same genus. The ovipositor of convergens is similar to that of at
least some of the species of Sti/bula but the fact that the flagellar
joints in the female are serrate, and in the male have long branches,
at once excludes it from that genus. Its great similarity to antennata
in all respects, except the ovipositor, constrains me to believe the
two should be placed in the same genus and that both are congeneric
with Schizaspidia furcifera Westwood.
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 433
SCHIZASPIDIA ANTENNATA, new species
Agrees very well with the description of furcifera Westwood except
that in the female the third joint of the antenna is very nearly or
quite twice as long as the second, the eleventh joint is distinctly sep-
arated from the twelfth and produced laterally like the preceding
joints, while the twelfth joint is very short, almost globose, and
apparently undivided.
Female—Length 3 mm. Head, thorax, propodeum, and abdom-
inal petiole dark green; gaster brownish black; antenna dark brown,
the scape and pedicel paler; coxae all dark brown, rest of legs yel-
lowish testaceous; tegula testaceous; wings mostly hyaline but with
a broad indefinitely delimited brownish fuscous band embracing the
stigmal vein and extending across the wing nearly to the posterior
margin.
Head with vertex and occiput transversely striated, upper part of
frons between scrobe and eye margin with weak longitudinal striae,
temples weakly longitudinally rugulose, lower part of frons, face,
clypeus and anterior portion of malar space perfectly smooth and
polished; malar space a little shorter than eye; ocelli in a slightly
curved line, the posterior ocellus about twice its own diameter from
the eye margin. Mesoscutum with complete and widely separated
parapsidal grooves, its median lobe strongly transversely rugoso-
striate, the lateral lobes also transversely rugoso-striate border-
ing the parapsidal grooves but more coarsely and irregularly
rugose laterally; axillae and scutellum coarsely longitudinally
striated, the scutellum with a deep median longitudinal groove
and with the forked process at apex about as long as the scutellum
itself, this process grooved medially, more or less striated laterally,
the tines of fork nearly smooth and carinately margined; apex of
scutellum beneath the process irregularly rugose; propodeum rugose,
without carinae, and with the spiracular furrows shallow and ob-
scured by the rough sculpture; pleura mostly rugose but with the
mesepisternal plate partly smooth. Coxae smooth; femora smooth
and all moderately slender. Abdominal petiole a little longer than
posterior coxae, broader at apex than at base and rugulosely sculp-
tured; gaster smooth, not as large as thorax, the hypopygium at apex
with about 20 long stiff hairs; ovipositor strongly curved downward
the dorsal valves each with about 8 distinct transverse ridges or
teeth.
Antenna 12-jointed, without a ring joint; scape cylindrical, not
quite reaching to anterior ocellus; pedicel about as long as broad;
flagellum strongly serrate, the first flagellar jot about twice as long
as pedicel and not prolonged into a tooth dorsally; second to ninth
193254—40——2
434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
flagellar joints above at apex each produced into a strong tooth
which on the middle joints is a little longer than the body of the
segment; tenth or apical joint nearly globose or a little broader than
long and apparently not divided.
Forewing about two and one-half times as long as broad, bare at
base for a little more than half the length of submarginal vein, this
bare area prolonged along the posterior margin of wing about to
apex of submarginal vein; costal cell nearly uniformly ciliated;
ciliation on disk of wing rather dense; marginal cilia very short,
absent on apex of wing; stigmal vein about one-fourth as long as
marginal, postmarginal about half as long as marginal.
Male.—Length 3 mm. Antennal scape very slightly swollen, ap-
proximately thrice as long as broad, pedicel a little broader than
long; first flagellar joint with a cone-shaped dorsal tooth, which is
about as long as the body of the segment, second to ninth flagellar
joints each with a much longer and distinctly compressed branch,
the ones on the fourth and fifth segments longest and about four or
five times as long as the one on the first segment; tenth joint without
a branch and about equal in length to the branch on the ninth seg-
ment. Clypeus and supraclypeal area transversely striated. Median
lobe of mesoscutum transversely rugoso-striate, the lateral lobes ir-
regularly rugose with little or no indication of striation; axillae
rugose; scutellum coarsely longitudinally striate; apex of scutellum
beneath the apical process more strongly rugoso-punctate than in
the female; propodeum coarsely rugoso-punctate; abdominal petiole
about one and one-half times as long as posterior coxa, not broader
at apex than at base and distinctly rugose. Otherwise like the
female.
Type locality—Knuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States.
Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 53551.
Described from 4 females and 2 males taken in June 1930 by C. P.
Clausen and bearing his number 2439.
Genus STILBULA Spinola
STILBULA TENUICORNIS (Ashmead), new combination
Schizaspidia tenuicornis ASHMEAD, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. 151,
1904.—CLausmN, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 16, p. 215, 1923.—Parkrr, Ann.
Soc. Ent. France, vol. 93, p. 270, 1924.
The type of this species, as well as a series of 6 specimens from
Koiwai, Japan, and 60 specimens from Suigen, Chosen, including
numerous representatives of both sexes, has been examined. The
elongate and cylindrical flagellar joints in both sexes, the short and
bispinose scutellar process, the very narrow costal cell, the very broad
and deep spiracular grooves on the propodeum, and a distinct hump
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 435
or elevation on the propodeum laterad of each spiracle place the
species in the genus Sti/bula instead of Schizaspidia. In fact, I am
able to distinguish these specimens from S. cyniformis (Rossi) *
(type of the genus), as represented by European specimens identified
by F. Ruschka, only by the fact that the face of the Japanese form
is more distinctly transversely striated and the coarse punctures con-
stituting the sculpture of scutellum are somewhat smaller and cor-
respondingly more numerous than in the European form. These
differences are not very pronounced, and it seems quite possible that
8. tenuicornis is merely a geographical race of S. cyniformis.
STILBULA POLYRACHICIDA (Wheeler and Wheeler), new combination
Schizaspidia polyrachicida WHEELER and WHEELER, Psyche, vol. 31, p. 49, 1924.
This species, which is represented in the National Museum by one
female specimen (the type), apparently belongs in Stilbula. The
flagellar joints are cylindrical, not serrate, the scutellar process is
short, the spiracular furrows on propodeum are broad and deep, and
there is a more or less distinct elevation laterad of the spiracle.
The species is readily distinguished by a broad, deep, rounded
pit at the base of the scutellum between the axillae (not on the
metanotum as stated in the original description).
STILBULA FLORIDANA (Ashmead), new combination
Lophyrocera floridana ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 3, p. 187, 1888.
This species is excluded from Lophyrocera by the fact that the pro-
podeum is without toothlike processes. The only female representa-
tive of this species in the U. S. National Museum collection lacks the
head, but the species is so nearly identical with septentrionalis
(Brues) that it seems safe to assume that the antennae, like those
of septentrionalis, are not serrate, a character that would also throw
it out of Lophyrocera. The antennae of the male have the flagellar
joints long and cylindrical, and the other essential generic characters
are those of Stilbula.
STILBULA SEPTENTRIONALIS (Brues), new combination
Schizaspidia septentrionalis Bruzs, Bull. Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Soe., vol. 5, p. 104,
1907.
The type of this species, formerly in the Brooklyn Museum but
now in the U. S. National Museum, is apparently congeneric with the
4This species name was emended by Kirby (Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 12,
p. 31, 1886) to cynipiformis, and the emendation has been accepted by some subsequent
authors. The emendation, however, seems equally as incorrectly formed as the original
spelling, and since any change of the name was unnecessary, I prefer to use the original
spelling.
436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
other species here transferred to the genus Sti/bula. It is easily dis-
tinguished from the other species known to me, except floridana
(Ashmead), by its different coloration and also by having the pro-
podeum deeply and broadly hollowed out medially, this median de-
pression as well as the broad spiracular furrows with coarse transverse
striae, the surfaces between the median depression and the spiracular
grooves very prominent and very coarsely rugose. The propodeum
laterad of the spiracle is not strongly elevated as in some of the
species.
The species is very similar to floridana (Ashmead), apparently
differing only by having the thorax more distinctly and more
extensively marked with black.
STILBULA MANIPURENSIS (Clausen), new combination
Schizaspidia manipurensis CLAUSEN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 30, pp.
80-86, 1928.
In this species the antennae of both sexes are long and cylindrical,
the scutellar process is comparatively short, and the costal cell is
not especially broad. These characters place the species in Stdbula
instead of Schizaspidia, although the propodeum is without the pro-
nounced elevations laterad of the spiracles usually characteristic of
Stilbula.
The characters pointed out by Clausen for distinguishing this
species from tenuicornis (Ashmead) will also distinguish it from
cyniformis (Rossi). The absence of a conspicuous fuscous cloud be-
low the stigmal vein will also help to distinguish the species.
The statements “face with fine longitudinal striations, the front
smooth” in the original description appear to me to be inaccurate.
Actually that part of the head below the antennae is nearly smooth,
without any striations but with obscure suberased punctures except
on the clypeus, which is perfectly smooth, while the frons between
the scrobe and eye margins is longitudinally rugose. The head
viewed from in front is only about twice as broad as long. The
ocelli are very nearly in a straight line.
Genus ORASEMA Cameron
This genus was originally described from Panama with Orasema
stramineipes Cameron as the genotype. The genus apparently is
confined to North and South America, the West Indies, and the
Australian region.
Specific characters consist for the most part of slight differences
in sculpture, which are hard to define. Color of the legs and an-
tennal scape and to some extent the degree of metallic coloration
of the body seem to be significant but must be used with caution.
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 437
Because of inadequate descriptions and lack of material, the follow-
ing 11 described species have been omitted from the key to species:
wo.
festiva (Fabricius) from Central America; maculata (Westwood)
and rapo (Walker) from Brazil; argentina and doellojuradoi Gemig-
nani from Argentina; costaricensis and sixaloae Wheeler and Wheeler
from Costa Rica, and emma, gemma, palgravei, and pheidolophaga
Girault from Australia.
OU
KEY TO SOME SPECIES OF ORASEMA
SB era Cg 2 keira 2 ETS AY EARS ESSE PS 2 OE OCIS J Ee ee) 2
Mig Lege nia thi Nast al i a a I a el EOE SY 20
. Abdominal petiole nearly twice as broad as long; prescutum
anteriorly broadly impressed in middle__-_-_-_-_-____ texana, new species
Abdominal petiole at least as long as broad; prescutum with-
out a median“ impression anteriorly222—2": oe eee eee 3
. Axillae and scapulae dorsally nearly smooth and polished, never
more than weakly lineolated; mesosternum also mostly
STO OC AMBEE: SOE LPODILINE CES SPO See he eis eres C0 coloradensis Wheeler
Axillae and scapulae densely rugulose or punctate, never
polished; mesosternum usually strongly sculptured_________-_--_____- 4
. Thorax dorsally with coarse irregular rugose sculpture, never
with nearly uniform rounded areas or shallow punctures,
not’ alveolatetass Nien. ee ey es ee ee 5
Thorax usually with nearly uniform dense shallow rounded
punctures dorsally, resembling honeycomb, hence alveolately
sculptured; if not alveolate then sculpture is not coarse
but finely: rugulo sel See sO ee PEED SEA ELS SECA SE EE 8
. Mesoscutum coarsely transversely shagreened, the parapsides
smoother; parapsidal grooves coarsely foveolate, scutellum
coarsely longitudinally shagreened and with partial longi-
tudinal striation; petiole longitudinally striate (from origi-
Nal GESCHPELON 2 oe EER UAT TUE Rares NE a cameroni Howard
Sculpture not as Above! 4 > see's The SE SE ey 6
. Antennal flagellum distinctly thicker than pedicel; all femora
dark fuscous or metallic; head mostly metallic green; dorsum
of thorax green or if somewhat aeneous the postmarginal vein
is very poorly developed and scarcely longer than stigmal vein_---_---_-_- ¢
Antennal flagellum not thicker than pedicel; all femora pale;
head and dorsum of thorax uniformly aeneous, only the pleura,
propodeum, and coxae more or less tinged with green; post-
marginal vein well developed and half as long as marginal.
aenea, new species
. Supraclypeal area nearly twice as long as broad and separated
from clypeus by only a broad shallow depression; ocellocular
line a little longer than distance between posterior ocelli;
cheek fully as long as eye and with a broad shallow depression
running from eye to base of mandible; scapulae adjacent to
parapsidal grooves transversely rugose; scape and tegulae
Metall] ake Oua Ws i PS SS ee ae es tolteca Mann
Supraclypeal area subquadrate, cut off from clypeus by a deep
furrow; ocellocular line distinctly shorter than distance be-
tween the posterior ocelli; cheek hardly as long as eye and
438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
without a pronounced depression; scapulae not transversely
rugose; scape and tegulae reddish_-__._______________ violacea Ashmead
8. Length nearly 5 mm.; antennal groove dilated suddenly at bot-
tom; pleura with the lower and posterior portion striated;
coxae closely sculptured (from original description only).
stramineipes Cameron
Less than 5 mm. in length and not agreeing otherwise with
ADOVE: GOSCLI tO 2a Seis ae a ai a 9
9. Thorax very finely and irregularly rugulose, not distinctly
alveolately sculptured; hindcoxae very nearly smooth and
testaceous or fuscotestaceous; scutellum without lateral
ST OOV ES pera in necked oT ee dail 8 eh A Se 10
Thorax with distinctly alveolate sculpture; hindcoxae metallic
and distinctly sculptured at least dorsally; scutellum with
more orless distinet Jatenal).crooves=.2 +. 4. t ba ne Pe 11
10. Face very nearly smooth; propodeum more weakly seulptured
than scutellum and with a delicate median longitudinal carina.
minutissima Howard
Face distinctly sculptured, only the clypeus sometimes nearly
smooth; propodeum more coarsely sculptured than seutellum
and without median carina. 2142 --+. ath ee smithi Howard
11. Scutellum with a broad shallow depression down middle and
with lateral grooves broad, strongly foveated, and nearly
dorsal; transverse furrow on scutellum also broad and
strongly foveated; abdominal petiole at least as long as hind-
COXRG elebetaewl! pA wcek et pe ee EO oe ee 12
Secutellum without a median depression and with lateral
grooves less prominent and lower down on sides of scutellum ;
transverse furrow on scutellum either weak or strong; ab-
dominal petiole usually shorter but occasionally as long as
Win COAG saa he es ee eee 14
12. All femora on basal half or more metallic or strongly infuseated ;
propodeum with nearly uniform alveolate sculpture overlaid
medially with some irregular rugulae; supraclypeal area as
long as broad and equaling or slightly exceeding clypeus in
era othe ee ae eee beameri, new species
All femora pale testaceous; propodeum in part alveolately
sculptured but medially with a somewhat irregular median
carina separating two rows of shallow pits or foveae;
supraclypeal area a little shorter than clypeus and a little
DroadershanWOn eee ee ee ee ee 13
13. Pits on propodeum large; general color bright brassy green;
abdomen including petiole brassy green_—_-___--~ aureoviridis, new species
Pits on propodeum smaller; general color olive-green with the
propodeum, more or less of pleura, and sutures on dorsum of
thorax purplish; abdomen including petiole purplish black,
gaster with strong violaceous tints___----------- simulatrix, new species
14. All femora testaceous or pale yellowish_~—-~-—~--_+------__------_-_-_- ley
All femora metallic or at least distinctly infuscated___________________ 16
15. Abdominal petiole very slightly longer than broad, distinctly
shorter than hindcoxae; mesepimeron smooth and shining on
its upper half___--_-------------------------- neomexicana, new species
16.
17
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24,
25.
26.
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 439
Abdominal petiole very nearly twice as long as broad and very
nearly as long as hindcoxae; mesepimeron wholly opaquely
SS CUT CUE C leer ea cree renere a earn Sra 0s ae robertsoni, new species
Supraclypeal area at least as broad as long; clypeal foveae un-
usually large and deep; abdominal petiole about as broad as
long, evenly sculptured dorsally and dark bluish in color.
bakeri, new species
Supraclypeal area at least a little longer than broad; clypeal
foveae relatively smaller and much shallower; abdominal
petiole usually, but not always, distinctly longer than broad,
often somewhat irregularly sculptured and usually more or
lesso metallic. Greemet een ss ses i ay See eee Dene ere el 17
Stigmal vein subquadrate or not much longer than broad___-___________ 18
Stigmal vein more slender and two or three times as long as broad______ 19
Abdominal petiole only a little longer than broad; scapulae
obviously more weakly sculptured and more shining than the
prescutum; general color blackish aeneous to dark green;
scape reddish testaceous___-_----~-_--_--_____-- cockerelli, new species
Abdominal petiole nearly twice as long as broad; scapulae only
very slightly more weakly sculptured than prescutum; general
color bright metallic green; scape more or less metallic__ viridis Ashmead
Color usually bright metallic green tinged with blue or purple,
but occasionally more or less aeneous__s-__-_________ wheeleri Wheeler
Dull dark green, almost black with a slight greenish tinge.
occidentalis Ashmead
Abdominal petiole longer than posterior femur; scutellum with
ep OUAI CLEP LCSSL OTe ee eee a eee ate ea an ee Ean ee 26
Abdominal petiole shorter than posterior femur; scutellum
without) a) (median) depression 2220s i ier ae ee et 21
Abdominal petiole barely longer than hindcoxa and with some
CLES GT CL ca a tea eh in sa NG re go a a eS 22
Abdominal petiole distinctly longer than hindcoxa and without
Gistinet, Tongitudinel rue ewes eee eee oe ek cates ae eee le ae eee 23
Axillae and scapulae smooth or very weakly sculptured and shin-
ing; general color metallic green____-_____________ coloradensis Wheeler
Axillae and scapulae strongly sculptured and mat; general color
Gaia AMC O TIS ee ee a ae ee ee ie minuta Ashmead
Abdominal petiole very nearly or quite twice as long as posterior
coxa; clypeal fovea unusually large and deep________ bakeri, new species
Abdominal petiole not over one and one-half times as long as
POSLeMOn cosas] = eee ee ee eee eee 24
Stigmal vein slender and two and one-half to three times as long
ERS MTD et lise Sa ede le ee ee eg wheeleri Wheeler
Stizmalsvempbroadenjand, Shorters2= 22) =e eee 25
Color dark green strongly tinged with aeneous___-_~_ cockerelli, new species
Color bright bluish green tinged with purplish on coxae and
Abdomen elee® fe ba vey rh ede eed a De ay SE eS gees viridis Ashmead
Bright golden green; propodeum medially coarsely pitted and
with an irregular median carina______________ aureoviridis, new species
Dark green with a strong aeneous tinge; propodeum finely
alveolate with a few irregular rugae medially but without
COATSE DISS. 2 2U ee SO ee ee beameri, new species
440) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
ORASEMA TEXANA, new species
This species is distinguishable at once from all others known to me
by having the abdominal petiole very nearly twice as broad as long
and by having the middle lobe of the mesoscutum anteriorly broadly
impressed medially.
Female—Length 2.9 mm. Head dark metallic green; thorax
blackish with rather strong metallic tints on the dorsum; abdomen,
except the petiole, brownish black with strong metallic green and
bronzy reflections; scape and pedicel pale yellow; flagellum brownish
black; coxae concolorous with the thorax; femora all fuscometallic on
basal two-thirds; trochanters, apices of femora, all tibiae, and all
tarsi pale yellow; wings hyaline, venation yellow. Abdominal petiole,
propodeum, and pleura dull blackish with only a very slight metallic
tinge.
Head alveolately punctate, the alveolae irregular in shape and size
and on the frons more or less elongate; middle lobe of mesoscutum
sculptured about like the head; scapulae more weakly and finely retic-
ulated than the prescutum and each with a shallow impression near
the inner posterior angle; parapsidal grooves very deep and distinctly
foveated; scutellum irregularly rugulose, with a shallow depression
medially a little in front of the transverse fold, the transverse fold
strong and not distinctly foveated, the lateral grooves very weak and
inconspicuous; axillae higher than the scutellum and rugulosely sculp-
tured, not alveolate; metanotum rugose; propodeum very finely and
rather evenly reticulately sculptured and with a weak median carina,
the spiracular grooves complete and weakly foveolated; pleura finely
and nearly uniformly punctate; abdominal petiole and hindcoxae
finely sculptured; gaster of abdomen smooth and about as large as the
thorax; second sternite faintly granulose. Dorsal valve of ovipositor
with nine distinct teeth.
Antennal scape cylindrical, slightly thickened throughout its length,
not attaining front ocellus; pedicel globose; flagellum not clavate, very
slightly thicker than pedicel; ring joint distinct but strongly trans-
verse; first funicle joint about one and one-half times as long as broad,
following funicle joints subquadrate; club three-jointed, not thicker
than funicle and a little longer than two preceding joints. Clypeus
nearly twice as broad as long, weakly rugulose, its anterior margin not
straight but slightly convex; clypeal foveae deep and joined by a dis-
tinct groove; supraclypeal area well defined, nearly twice as broad as
jong, weakly rugulose, a shining smooth area medially; cheeks a little
shorter than eyes; ocellocular line about one and one-half times as long
as the diameter of lateral ocellus and distinctly shorter than distance
between posterior ocelli.
Forewings approximately two and one-half times as long as broad,
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 441
nearly bare basally and with a bare area on the middle of disk behind
the basal half of marginal vein; costal cell very sparsely ciliated;
stigmal vein about two and one-half times as long as broad, slightly
oblique; postmarginal vein weak and distinctly less than half as long
as marginal.
Type locality.—Denison, Tex.
Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 53552.
Described from 1 female collected in sweeping by L. D. Christenson,
August 26, 1937.
ORASEMA COLORADENSIS Wheeler
Orasema coloradensis (Ashmead) WHEELER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 23,
p. 12, 1907.
Orasema coloradensis, a manuscript name of Ashmead, was first
published by W. M. Wheeler, who gave a figure and a short description
of the species. The name should therefore be credited to Wheeler and
not to Ashmead.
According to Wheeler, specimens were taken at Manitou, Broad-
moor, and Colorado Springs, Colo. In the U. S. National Museum
collection are three specimens from Colorado, one of which bears the
name label in Ashmead’s handwriting, and this specimen had been
entered in the type catalog as the type of the species. It cannot be
the type, however, since it, as well as two other Colorado specimens in
the collection, named by Ashmead, was collected by C. F. Baker, and
there is no evidence to indicate that it was ever seen by Wheeler.
There are apparently no Wheeler collected specimens of the species in
the National Museum, hence no type material. The Baker specimens
are believed to be the same species, however, and the following descrip-
tive notes on the species are taken from them.
This brilhantly metallic-green species with testaceous scape, tegulae,
tibiae, and tarsi is rather easily recognized because of the unusually
weakly sculptured dorsum of the thorax. The axillae dorsally, the
scapulae dorsally, the posterior portion of prescutum, and to a large
extent the dorsum of scutellum are smooth or only very weakly
sculptured, usually shining, and often highly metallic green. The
prescutum anteriorly, scapulae laterally, axillae on the sides, and the
base and sides of scutellum are finely and irregularly rugulose. The
parapsidal grooves, sutures between axillae and scutellum, and the
transverse furrow on scutellum are deep and distinctly foveated.
The female has the head nearly uniformly rugulose and highly me-
tallic green, wider than the thorax. The postocellar line is longer
than the ocellocular line, the latter about equal to twice the diameter of
a lateral ocellus. The malar space is a little shorter than the eye,
flattened but not depressed down the middle. The clypeus is broader
than long, its anterior margin nearly straight. The supraclypeal area
19325440 _—-3
442 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
is quadrate or a little broader than long, well defined, the clypeal su-
ture complete and the clypeal fovea rather broad and deep. The an-
tennal scape is subcylindrical, rather short and slightly thicker than
usual; the pedicel is about as long as broad, the ring joint is trans-
verse, the first funicle joint is about one and one-half times as long
as broad and the following joints of funicle are subquadrate. The
club is 3-jointed, no thicker than the funicle and somewhat longer
than the two preceding joints. The pronotum behind the head is
practically smooth, while lateraily it is weakly rugulose. The pleura
are rugulosely sculptured but the mesosternum, posteriorly at least, is
polished. The propodeum is rather strongly rugulose, without cari-
nae but frequently with some more prominent rugae medially which
at times may suggest a median carina. The coxae are weakly sculp-
tured, almost smooth. The abdominal petiole is a little shorter than
the posterior coxae, about one and one-half times as long as broad
and rugosely sculptured. The gaster is smooth and polished. The
forewing is rather densely ciliated, sparsely but distinctly so basally,
the costal cell nearly uniformly ciliated.
The male is like the female except that the funicle joints are usually
somewhat longer, the lateral ocelli are not quite twice their own
diameters from the eye margins, the abdominal petiole is a little longer
than the hindcoxae, approximately three times as long as broad, and
the gaster is much smaller than in the female.
Remarks.—No information is available regarding the three speci-
mens already mentioned as having been identified by Ashmead. They
bear labels exactly similar to those used on all Baker’s Colorado ma-
terial and reading “Colo. 799” and “Colo. 778.” In Baker’s note-
book entries under these numbers refer to Lepidoptera and Coleoptera
collected in Michigan and Ohio. It is impossible therefore to trace
the history of these specimens.
Twenty-one additional specimens of the species found unidentified
in the Baker collection were all collected in the neighborhood of Fort
‘Collins, Colo., and 3 specimens from the same collection were taken
at Opelousas, La. Other specimens studied include: 1 taken on Bige-
lovia at Albuquerque, N. Mex., August 16, 1895, by T. D. A. Cockerell ;
1 from Wades and 2 from San Diego, Tex., taken by E. A. Schwarz;
1 from Cimarron, Kans.; 1 from Beloit, Iowa, collected by G. O. Hen-
derson, July 25, 1928; 46 swept by J. C. Bridwell from Stylosanthus
at Barcroft, Va., July 5, 1931; 6 taken at Bladensburg, Md.; and 1
collected by Ashmead in eastern Florida.
The specimens from the Eastern States are very slightly smaller
and not quite so brilliantly metallic as those from the Western, the
dorsum of the thorax usually appearing very slightly more distinctly
sculptured. At most these differences seem to be of not more than
varietal significance.
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—-GAHAN 443
ORASEMA CAMERONI Howard
Orasema cameroni Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 26 (1896),
p. 133, 1897.
No representative of this West Indian species has been studied, and
it is placed in the key entirely on the basis of the original description.
ORASEMA AENEA, new species
Female.—Length 3.75 mm. Head and thorax strongly aeneous;
pleura, propodeum, and all coxae more or less metallic green mixed
with cupreous; abdomen varying from mostly fuscotestaceous with
a metallic tinge to mostly metallic green, usually more or less brown-
ish testaceous basally becoming darker toward apex, but occasionally
almost entirely metallic green; mandibles, scape, pedicel, tegulae, and
legs, except their coxae, testaceous; antennal flagellum black; eyes
and ocelli reddish; wings hyaline, venation brownish testaceous.
Head and thorax strongly sculptured, the vertex, mesoscutum, axil-
lae and scutellum rugoso-punctate without any alveolate punctures;
punctation of head below vertex, mesopleura, and coxae finer and
more or less alveolate; metanotum rugose; propodeum medially and
along its anterior and posterior margins rugose, the remainder of its
surface, except in the rather broad and deep spiracular grooves, finely
alveolately sculptured; abdominal petiole rugoso-punctate and
usually with about three longitudinal rugae medially; gaster entirely
polished.
Antenna long and slender, not clavate; scape not quite attaining
anterior ocellus; pedicel about as broad as long; ring joint transverse ;
flagellum not thicker than pedicel, its joints all longer than broad,
the first joint about twice as long as broad, the second subequal to
first, and the following joints successively decreasing slightly in
length.
Head, viewed from in front, broader than long; malar space sub-
equal to the height of eye, with a shallow longitudinal depression;
clypeus broader than long, uniformly sculptured, clypeal foveae deep;
supraclypeal area a little longer than broad, about as long as clypeus
and similarly sculptured; ocellocular line shorter than postocellar
line; lateral ocellus about twice its diameter from eye margin. Scu-
tellum with a shallow depression medially, without distinct grooves
on the sides and with the transverse fold often obscured by the rough
sculpture; mesepimeron with its dorsal half, except for a small area
on its lower margin, sculptured like the lower half.
Forewing behind submarginal vein not entirely bare; costal cell
with numerous nearly uniformly distributed cilia; stigmal vein
longer than broad; postmarginal vein fully half as long as marginal.
Abdominal petiole about one and one-fourth times as long as
broad, distinctly shorter than hindcoxa.
444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 88
Male—Unknown.
Type locality —Loreto Experiment Station, Missiones, Argentina.
Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 585538.
Described from 15 female specimens received from A. A. Ogloblin
and said to have been taken ovipositing in young leaves of [lea para-
guariensis (“Yerba mate”).
ORASEMA TOLTECA Mann
Orasema tolteca Mann, Psyche, vol. 21, p. 183, 1914.
This unusually large species, the type of which measures over 4 mm.
in length, is metallic green in color with the head mostly metallic
green with a strong aeneous tinge on frons and face, the thorax metallic
green but strongly aeneous dorsally as well as on the pleura, the coxae
ereen, the femora dark metallic except apically, and the abdomen pol-
ished bluish green. The antennal scape is metallic and the flagellum
black. The tegulae are metallic green. The legs except their femora
are reddish testaceous, and the wings hyaline.
The sculpture of frons and face is distinctly alveolate while that of
vertex, occiput, and temples is more irregular. The clypeus is prac-
tically smooth and polished, its anterior margin straight. The supra-
clypeal area is nearly twice as long as broad, indistinctly separated
from the clypeus by a depression but not a furrow, its surface dis-
tinctly sculptured but more weakly so than the frons. The malar space
is a little longer than the height of the eye, and there is a broad shallow
depression extending from the eye margin to the base of mandible.
The ocellocular line is distinctly a little longer than the distance be-
tween the posterior ocelli. The antennal fiagellum is distinctly thicker
than the short pedicel, not thicker apically than basally, its first seg-
ment about twice as long as broad, the following segments successively
decreasing slightly in length, the last three subequal and each about as
long as broad. The mesoscutum is strongly rugoso-punctate, the
parapsidal grooves deep and foveolate, and the scapulae along their
inner margins transversely striated. The scutellum and axillae are
rugoso-punctate, the scutellum with a broad shallow depression medi-
ally and with a distinct transverse fold before the apex but without
distinct lateral grooves. The propodeum is longer than the hind
coxae, nearly uniformly rugeso-punctate, but with a shallow depres-
sion along its anterior margin, this depression divided by a short longi-
tudinal carina on the median line and crossed by numerous more or
less longitudinally directed rugae. 'The mesepimeron is sculptured on
its upper half as well as on the lower half. The abdominal petiole,
viewed from above, is about twice as broad as long, as long as hind
coxa, margined by a longitudinal carina on each side, and very weakly
sculptured dorsally. The gaster is rather large, smooth and polished.
The second sternite is polished with its apical suture foveated.
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 445
Male.—Not seen.
Remarks.—Redescribed from the type, a female from San Miguel,
Hidalgo, Mexico, in the collection of Dr. W. M. Mann. According
to the original description the type was taken in a nest of Pheidole
waslitt var. acolhua Wheeler. A single female from the C. F. Baker
collection agrees with the above description except that it is somewhat
smaller and nearly uniformly bright metallic green in color with only
a very slight aeneous tinge on dorsum of thorax. Baker’s notebook
shows this specimen to have been swept from alfalfa at Tucson, Ariz.,
April 11, 1896, by Dr. R. C. Kinze.
ORASEMA VIOLACEA Ashmead
Orasema violacea ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 3, p. 187, 1888.
This species is strongly and irregularly rugose, without any alveo-
late areas. The head is a little broader than the thorax, nearly uni-
formly rugosely sculptured, concave posteriorly, with the temples
strongly receding. The lateral ocelli are a little less than twice their
own diameter from the eye margin and a little farther from each
other than from the eye.
Eyes obviously a little longer than malar space, the latter without
a longitudinal depression; clypeus broader than long, uniformly
rugulose, its anterior margin straight; supraclypeal area fully as
broad as long, sculptured like clypeus and separated from it by a
deep transverse groove; clypeal foveae deep. Antennal scape a little
thickened, subcylindrical, not reaching to level of front ocellus; pedi-
cel nearly globular; funicle joints a little thicker than pedicel, the
first joint about twice as long as broad, second about two-thirds as
long as first, following funicle joints subquadrate; club obscurely
3-jointed and a little longer than last two funicle joints. Pronotum
behind head weakly rugulose; remainder of thorax laterally as well
as dorsally strongly sculptured, the prescutum and scapulae poste-
riorly, axillae dorsally and scutellum in front of cross furrow more
coarsely rugose than elsewhere; scutellum behind the cross furrow
strongly sculptured but not quite so strongly as before it; propodeum
nearly uniformly rugoso-punctate, without lateral folds and without
a median carina, the spiracular sulci complete. Forewing sparsely
ciliated basally, closely ciliated beyond apex of submarginal vein;
stigmal vein a little longer than broad; postmarginal vein more
slender than marginal and approximately one-half as long as mar-
ginal. Abdominal petiole about as long as hind coaxe, about one and
one-half times as long as broad, rugosely sculptured; gaster smaller
than thorax, mostly smooth but the basal segment (second segment
of abdomen) weakly rugulose over a large part of its dorsum; second
sternite apparently smooth.
446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Head, thorax, and propodeum green, the frons and face laterally
strongly tinted with purplish; scape brownish testaceous, flagellum
blackish; coxae concolorous with thorax; all femora dark brown with
strong metallic-green reflections; tibae and tarsi testaceous; abdomi-
nal petiole dark greenish; gaster strongly violaceous with the basal
segment bright metallic green above; wings hyaline.
Redescribed from the type, a female from eastern Florida.
ORASEMA STRAMINEIPES Cameron
Orasema stramineipes CAMERON, Biologia Centrali-Americana, vol. 1, p. 105,
pl. 6, figs. 18, a, b, ¢, d, e, 1884.
Orasema flavipes Cameron, Biologia Centrali-Amercana, vol. 15) ple) oy sigs:
20, a, b, c, 1884.
In the description of stramineipes Cameron refers to figures on
plates 5 and 6. On plate 5 the figures cited are referred to the name
flavipes, while those on plate 6 are referred to stramineipes. The
name flavipes is evidently a lapsus calami and should be considered
a synonym of stramineipes.
This species, which is the genotype, was originally described from
Panama. It is not represented in the National Museum collection
and is placed in the key solely on the basis of the original description.
ORASEMA MINUTISSIMA Howard
Orasema minutissima Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 25, p. 84,
1894.
This unusually small species has the head and thorax bluish green,
this color on face and underside of thorax more or less diluted
with testaceous. The abdomen is blackish, also diluted with testa-
ceous and with a slight metallic tinge in some lights. The antennae,
tegulae, and all the legs, including their coxae, are testaceous, the
flagellum of antennae and the coxae sometimes more or less fuscous.
The wings are hyaline.
The sculpture of head and thorax is comparatively weak, consisting
of shallow more or less irregularly shaped areas, which are not quite
uniform in size and shape and hence not so distinctly alveolate as in
most of the following species. The scutellum has the transverse
fold very weak or subobsolete, and the usual lateral grooves are ab-
sent. The propodeum is weakly sculptured and has a very delicate
median longitudinal carina. The coxae are practically sculptureless.
The abdominal petiole is about as long as the hind coxae and weakly
sculptured. The stigmal vein is barely longer than broad and the
postmarginal fully half as long as marginal.
Four female paratypes of this species from the island of St. Vin-
cent are in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. There are
also two females taken at Mina Carlota, in the Trinidad Mountains
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 447
of Cuba, in the same collection. The latter specimens were collected
sn association with Wasmannia auropunctata Roget by W. M. Mann
in 1917.
ORASEMA SMITHI Howard
Orasema smithi Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 26 (1896), p.
134, 1897.
Seven specimens believed to be this species were taken by C. P.
Clausen in July 1931 at Hoyo Colorado, Cuba, and bear his note num-
ber 2452. One specimen of the same species is in the National col-
lection, taken on the island of St. Vincent, West Indies, by H. H.
Smith, and one other specimen that appears to be identical was col-
lected at Virginia Beach, Va., by E. S. G. Titus. The type of the
species, which was from the island of Grenada, is in the British
Museum and has not been seen, this identification being based
entirely upon the description.
The sculpture of the thorax in this species is a mixture of alveolate
punctures and fine irregular rugulae, which gives to the surface a
somewhat less distinctly alveolate appearance than have the following
species. The clypeus is more weakly sculptured than the rest of face,
somewhat shining, and its anterior margin is not straight but slightly
convex. The flagellar joints are all longer than broad and not
thicker than the pedicel. The scutellum in most of the specimens has
a very slight depression medially and in all of them the usual longi-
tudinal grooves on the sides are absent. The transverse fold on
scutellum is present but weak. The dorsal half of mesepimeron is
smooth. The abdominal petiole is more than twice as long as broad
and about as long as the hind coxa. The stigmal vein is longer than
broad, the postmarginal less than half as long as the marginal, and
the costal cell is about as strongly ciliated as is the disk of the wing.
ORASEMA BEAMERI, new species
Female-—Length 2.75 mm. Agreeing with the description of
aureoviridis except in the following particulars: A little duller
metallic green, with the strong brassy tints more uniform on head
and thorax; basal half to two-thirds of all femora dark fuscous with
2 metallic-green tint; apical tergite polished; flagellum very little
thicker toward apex than at base; clypeus nearly uniformly finely
sculptured, usually not entirely smooth anteriorly; supraclypeal area
a little longer than broad, as long as clypeus; propodeum usually
with some irregular rugae medially overlying the alveolate sculpture
but without a median carina or, if with a semblance of one, this is not
flanked by rows of pits or foveae; costal cell with about 20 to 25
discal cilia; postmarginal vein more than twice as long as stigmal
vein.
448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88
Male.—Length 2.3 mm. Agreeing with the description of the male
of aureoviridis except that the scutellum is somewhat less strongly
sculptured, the axillae and scapulae are also more uniformly finely
alveolate, the abdominal petiole is nearly three times as long as hind
coxa, the antennal scape and the pedicel are dark metallic, and all of
the femora are metallic with their apices narrowly testaceous. The
supraclypeal area is usually a little longer than broad as in the
female.
Type locality —Ridgway, Colo.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53554.
Described from 16 females and 7 males collected in the type locality
by R. H. Beamer, July 1, 1937. The holotype, allotype, and 10
paratypes are retained in the U. S. National Museum collection.
Eleven paratypes, including representatives of both sexes, are being
returned to the University of Kansas collection. The species is named
for the collector.
ORASEMA AUREOVIRIDIS, new species
This species differs from most other species of the genus known to
me by having on the propodeum two longitudinal rows of large,
shallow foveae that are separated by a more or less sinuate median
longitudinal carina. The scutellum dorsally is unusually strongly
margined on each side by coarsely foveated and broad longitudinal
grooves, which extend from the base of the scutellum to the trans-
verse fold or furrow, which is likewise unusually strongly developed,
and there is also a shallow depression down the middle of the scutel-
lum. The antennal flagellum is more distinctly clavate than usual
and the funicle joints, except the first and second, are broader than
long.
Female-—Length 3 mm. Bright metallic green with brassy tints;
flagellum black; scape, pedicel, mandibles, tegulae, and all legs except
their coxae pale testaceous; wings hyaline, venation yellowish.
Head and thorax with nearly uniform, strong, alveolate puncta-
tion; parapsidal grooves and sutures at base of scutellum coarsely
foveated and median depression on scutellum usually with a few
irregularly transverse rugae; coxae distinctly sculptured but more
weakly so than thorax; abdominal petiole with fine alveolate puncta-
tion; second sternite as well as the rest of gaster polished; apical
tergite faintly reticulately sculptured.
Antenna rather short; scape cylindrical, not reaching to level of
anterior ocellus; pedicel a little longer than broad; ring joint strongly
transverse; flagellum slightly increasing in thickness from base to
near apex; first joint of funicle about one and one-half times as long
as broad and about as broad as pedicel, second joint subquadrate, third
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 449
joint a little broader than long, fourth and following joints shorter,
the seventh about twice as broad as long; club indistinctly 3-jointed
and a little longer than two preceding funicle joints. Head strongly
transverse; occiput broadly but not deeply concave; ocelli in an obtuse
triangle; postocellar line a little longer than ocellocular line; lateral
ocellus about twice its own diameter from eye margin; eyes bare;
malar space about equal to the eye in length, with a distinct broad,
shallow depression running from eye to base of mandible; clypeus
broader than long, less strongly punctate than rest of face, quite smooth
anteriorly, its anterior margin straight; clypeal foveae and sutures
deep ; supraclypeal area defined by deep lateral grooves, a little broader
than long, shorter than clypeus, and sculptured about like base of
clypeus. Thorax moderately robust; scutellum at apex protruding
over the metanotum; propodeum slightly shorter than scutellum basad
of the transverse fold, strongly alveolately punctate over its whole
surface, without lateral folds but with deep and strongly foveated
spiracular sulci and more or less strongly foveated along its basal
margin, the middle of propodeum slightly flattened or depressed and
divided by a sinuate median longitudinal carina from which originate
several irregularly transverse rugae to form, on each side of the carina,
a series of rather large shallow irregularly shaped areas or foveae.
Legs moderately stout, the anterior femora a little swollen; posterior
tibiae each with two distinct spurs, the inner spurs the longest. Fore-
wing rather weakly ciliated, bare basally, the costal cell with only
four or five cilia; marginal vein a little more than half as long as sub-
marginal, stigmal vein short, a little curved at apex, postmarginal
about twice as long as stigmal. Abdominal petiole a little longer than
posterior coxae, evenly and rather finely alveolate, without any rugae;
ventral margin of gaster a little longer than petiole; dorsal segments
not emarginate.
Male—Length 2.5 mm. Antennae short, the flagellum thick; first
funicle jomt not longer than broad, following joints all distinctly
broader than long; scutellum rugulose, the alveolate sculpture largely
replaced by irregular rugae; scapulae anteriorly and axillae dorsally
also irregularly rugulose; abdominal petiole about two and one-
half times as long as hind coxae; much longer than ventral
margin of gaster, the gaster much smaller than in female; pedicel
of antenna and posterior femora more or less metallic. Otherwise
like the female.
Type locality —Uvalde, Tex.
Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 53555.
Two females (1 holotype) and 2 males collected by A. W. Lind-
quist, May 2 to 22, 1933, under Bishopp No. 20031.
450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
ORASEMA SIMULATRIX, new species
Female—Length 3.5 mm. Apparently agrees in every respect
with the description of aureoviridis except in the following partic-
ulars: Antennae very slightly less distinctly clavate; propodeum
more evenly alveolately punctured, less distinctly flattened medially,
with the pits or foveae on each side of the median carina much
smaller; costal cell of forewing with approximately 20 weak discal
cilia; color of head and thorax dull dark green, without conspicuous
brassy tints; propodeum dull blackish with a distinct purplish tinge;
pleura in part, apex of scutellum and the thoracic sutures tinged with
purplish; gaster purplish black with an aeneous tinge, its first seg-
ment (second tergite) mostly metallic green; coxae green; femora,
tibiae, and tarsi yellowish testaceous as are also the mandibles, scape,
pedicel, and tegulae; flagellum blackish brown; wings hyaline.
Type locality —Oracle, Ariz.
Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 53556.
Described from 1 female specimen collected by Hubbard and
Schwarz at Oracle, Ariz., July 14, 1898.
ORASEMA NEOMEXICANA, new species
Female——Length 2.6 mm. Differs from the description of robert-
soni, besides in the smaller size, by having the abdominal petiole very
little, if any, longer than broad, the postocellar line obviously longer
than the ocellocular line, the lateral ocellus about twice its own diam-
eter from the eye margin, none of the flagellar joints except the first
longer than broad, the supraclypeal area polished medially and sepa-
rated from clypeus by a shallow but distinct groove connecting the
clypeal foveae, the upper half of mesepimeron smooth, the scutellum
a little less convex dorsally and with its lateral carinae not quite so
far below the dorsum. The color is as in robertsoné except that the
mesoscutum and scutellum are more strongly tinged with coppery
and the antennal scape and the femora are not washed with metallic.
Male—Unknown.
Type locality—San Augustine Ranch, at eastern base of Organ
Mountains, N. Mex.
Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 53557.
Described from 3 females collected by T. D. A. Cockerell and bear-
ing his numbers 2163, 2265, and 2268. Also 1 female taken by Cock-
erell at Albuquerque, N. Mex., on Guiterrezia. A female collected by
W. M. Mann at Las Parras, Baja California, in October 1923 seems
to agree with the types except that the abdominal petiole is fully one
and one-half times as long as broad.
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN A5l
ORASEMA ROBERTSONI, new species
Similar to viridis Ashmead but differs by having the femora all
testaceous instead of green, the head and thorax dark green instead
of bright green, and the mesepimeron completely sculptured instead
of smooth on its upper half.
Female.—Length 3.25 mm. Dark olive-green, the mesoscutum and
scutellum dorsally faintly aeneous; antennal scape and legs, except
coxae, testaceous, the scape and femora slightly washed with metallic;
pedicel and flagellum brownish black; coxae and abdominal petiole
concolorous with thorax; gaster metallic green; wings hyaline.
Head, thorax, propodeum, coxae outwardly, abdominal petiole, and
the second sternite with nearly uniform fine alveolate punctation;
gaster mostly polished. Antennal scape cylindrical, reaching to level
of lower margin of front ocellus; pedicel a little longer than broad;
flagellum a little thicker than pedicel, not at all clavate; ring joint
very small and inconspicuous; first funicle joint not quite twice as
long as broad, following joints successively diminishing slightly in
length, the seventh joint subquadrate; club very slightly longer than
two preceding joints. Head as wide as thorax, slightly concave
behind; ocelli in a low triangle; postocellar line slightly longer than
ocellocular; lateral ocellus a little more than twice its own diameter
from eye margin; antennal scrobe shallow; malar space very nearly
as long as eye, slightly flattened or very weakly depressed for its
whole length; clypeus uniformly sculptured but a little less strongly
so than the rest of face, about as long as wide at apex, its anterior
margin nearly straight; supraclypeal area defined laterally by deep
grooves but not distinctly separated from clypeus, the usual suture
connecting the clypeal fovea nearly obsolete. Parapsidal grooves deep
and weakly foveated; scutellum high, convexly rounded dorsally,
weakly margined low down on the sides and with a deep transverse
groove before the apex; propodeum with deep and coarsely foveated
spiracular sulci and with some small foveae along the basal margin
but without lateral folds or median carina. Legs normal. Forewing
weakly ciliated, bare basally, the costal cell very nearly or quite bare;
marginal vein more than half as long as submarginal; postmarginal
vein about one-third as long as marginal, stigmal vein short and
slightly oblique. Abdominal petiole as long as hind coxa, about twice
as long as broad; gaster a little smaller than thorax, its base beneath
(second sternite) sculptured like the petiole and the two apical
tergites very weakly shagreened, the rest smooth and polished; ovi-
positor not exserted.
Male-—Unknown.
Type locality —Southern Florida.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53558.
452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Described from 2 female specimens collected by Charles Robertson
and bearing his numbers 12716 and 12754, respectively. The speci-
men bearing No. 12716 is the holotype.
ORASEMA BAKERI, new species
This species is not easily distinguished from viridis and cockerelli,
but it differs from both by having the supraclypeal area as broad as
long and the clypeal foveae unusually large and deep. The abdomi-
nal petiole is distinctly shorter than in viridis and the color is much
less distinctly aeneous than in cockerelli. The shorter and more
evenly sculptured petiole, the larger and deeper clypeal foveae, and
slight differences in color and sculpture are all that distinguish it
from wheeler.
Female.—Length 3.25 mm. Head and thorax dark green in color
with a slight brassy tinge, stronger on the face; scape reddish testa-
ceous, pedicel fuscotestaceous, flagellum brownish black; coxae
concolorous with thorax; femora all dark fuscometallic; trochanters,
apices of femora more or less, all tibiae, and all tarsi reddish tes-
taceous; tegulae brownish; propodeum and abdominal petiole dark
bluish green, sometimes with a purplish tinge; gaster shining dark
green; wings hyaline, venation yellowish.
Head with alveolate sculpture, the alveolae on face, frons, and
temples irregular in shape and somewhat coarser than on vertex;
dorsum of thorax sculptured like the head, the posterior portion of
prescutum, the axillae dorsally, and the scutellum dorsally with very
fine, nearly round, alveolae; the anterior portion of prescutum and
the scapulae with the alveolae more irregular in shape and those on
scapulae distinctly shallower than on prescutum; transverse fold on
scutellum present but not distinctly foveated, the lateral grooves
distinct and weakly foveated; propodeum very finely alveolately
punctate, with some foveae along the anterior margin, but without
carinae, the spiracular grooves deep and complete and weakly
foveated; pleura nearly uniformly finely alveolate, with the prepec-
toral triangle not sharply margined anteriorly; coxae distinctly sculp-
tured; abdominal petiole about as long as broad and evenly alveolate
like propodeum; second sternite as well as rest of gaster smooth.
Head viewed from in front broader than long, about in the propor-
tion of 50 to 40; clypeus distinctly broader than long, its anterior
margin very nearly straight; clypeal foveae very broad and deep;
supraclypeal area well defined, separated from clypeus by a deep
depression connecting the clypeal foveae, at least as broad as long
and usually a little broader than long; malar space very nearly as
long as eye, flattened but without a distinct longitudinal depression ;
ocellocular line nearly equal to the distance between posterior ocelli
and a little more than twice as long as the long diameter of a lateral
|
|
THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 453
ocellus. Antennal scape cylindrical, not quite reaching the level of
lower margin of front ocellus; pedicel as broad as long; ring joint
minute; flagellum a little broader than pedicel, not clavate; first
funicle joint not quite twice as long as broad, following joints sub-
equal and subquadrate; club indistinctly 3-jointed and a little longer
than the two preceding joints combined.
Forewings about two and one-third times as long as broad, bare
basally and with a bare area medially behind the marginal vein;
costal cell with a few weak cilia; stigmal vein approximately two and
one-half times as long as broad and nearly perpendicular to the
marginal vein; postmarginal vein less than half as long as marginal.
Male.—Length 2.6 mm. Scape dark, more or less metallic; flagellar
joints distinctly thicker than pedicel; seventh funicle joint very
slightly broader than long; abdominal pedicel very nearly twice as
long as hind coxa. Otherwise like the female except much more
slender.
Type locality —F ort Collins, Colo.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53559.
Described from 10 females and 2 males. The holotype, allotype,
and 7 female paratypes bear C. F. Baker collection No. 1563 and
according to his notes were taken in miscellaneous sweepings at Fort
Collins, Colo., June 13, 1895. One paratype female with Baker No.
1086 was taken at Fort Collins in June on wild-parsnip bloom. One
male was taken by Baker at Pagosa Springs, Colo., and a single
female was collected by Hubbard and Schwarz at Oracle, Ariz., June
7, 1898.
GCRASEMA COCKERELLI, new species
Differs from wheeleri by having the stigmal vein shorter and not
so slender, by having the abdominal petiole slightly shorter, and by
its darker color which, however, varies from aeneous black to dis-
tinctly green with an aeneous tinge. From viridis it can be separated
only by the slightly shorter petiole, the nonmetallic scape, and the
somewhat darker color of head and thorax.
Female—Length 2.4 mm. a
ul
ae ;
FIGURD 25.—Argulus indicus: a, Respiratory areas; 0, ribs of sucking cups; c, antennae.
Carapace broadly rounded, alae covering over half of abdomen so
that the whole animal is almost inclusive in a circle. Cephalic area
prominent; dorsal ridges branched anteriorly; eyes small, without
much pigment; abdomen wider than long, sinus deep, sides diverg-
ing, anal furcae subterminal. Whole animal dark colored, flecked
with black. Anterior respiratory area minute, about opposite the
second maxillae, posterior oblong’ area very large (fig. 25, a). Only
the female is known. It measures about 7.75 mm. The host is
Betta sp. from near Bangkok, Siam.
Lateral hook on first antennae short, without an anterior knob;
basal and post antennal spines large; flagellum of first antennae
201701—40—4
484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
small, second antennae long (fig. 25, ¢). All spines are dark colored.
Suction cups moderate, rim narrow, ribs composed of three rods,
marginal lappets long (fig. 25, 6). Second maxillae slender, basal
plate with three large teeth; two pairs of prominent postmaxillary
spines.
_ Thoracic appendages very long, first pairs with flagella; slight
prominence with setae on the distal posterior surface of the coxa of
third appendages on female; prominent boot-shaped natatory lobe
on posterior of fourth appendages extending laterally as far as the
base of the rami, with the heels pressed against the posterior end
of the thorax; slight setose posterior lobe on the basis.
ARGULUS FLAVESCENS Wilson
FIGURE 26
Argulus flavescens WILSoNn, 1916, p. 349, pl. 61, figs. 7-12.—Muetter, 1936, p. 807.
Argulus piperatus WILSON, 1920a, p. 149, figs. 1-7.
Carapace longer than wide, sinus more than one-third the length;
abdomen ovate on female, elliptical on male, lobes rounded and often
touching on the inner margins on the female, sinus giving the im-
pression of being wider at the base; anal papillae basal, small, and
rounded.
On the type there are lateral expansions into the carapace. These
are called “lateral lobes of the stomach” by Wilson, but they are
really expansions from the egg-filled ovaries. They occur only on
gravid females, while those partially spent may have one side filled
or only a few eggs remaining. Thiele noted these expansions on
A. africanus in the Berlin Museum.
The anterior respiratory area is small and subtriangular, while
the other is very large with a broader posterior portion (fig. 26, 5).
The females reach up to 6 mm., while the males are smaller.
First antennae with a slender lateral claw, anterior knob with a
slight hook, flagellum about the length of lateral hook, tip biramous.
Second antennae long, distal joints slender, spine at base; postan-
tennal spines long and larger than others; ventral surface of distal
segments armed with setae.
Suction cups with the ribs on the rim made up of four to six rods,
the distal ones somewhat compressed (figure 26, c). Second maxillae
with three blunt teeth on the basal plate, long setae on the pad of the
basal disc (fig. 26, a). Postmaxillary spines fairly long. On southern
specimens any or all may have a worn appearance.
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS
MEEHEAN 485
Swimming appendages with flagella on the two anterior pairs.
Second pair of male appendages with a posterior lobe on the ventral
side of the precoxa, and the usual spinous pad on the coxa (fig. 26, d).
Third pair of male appendages with a broader lobe on the posterior
of the precoxa than on the preceding appendages and a long lobe over
the coxa and basis that contains the socket. The peg is located on the
distal anterior angle of the basal segment with a very broad base. It
Ficurb 26.—Argulus flavescens: a, Basal plate of second maxillae and mesial spines;
b, respiratory areas; c, ribs of suction cups; d, ventral view of male accessory organs
of last three legs.
is divided longitudinally into two parts. The distal portion is slender,
while the proximal portion is broad with a broad bluntly rounded tip
and with transverse bands or chitinous ribs. On the ventral surface
is a fleshy lobe directed obliquely toward the appendage much like
that of A. japonicus. There is the usual chitinous ridge around the
base of the peg, and a boot-shaped (in some cases more rounded)
posterior lobe on the coxa. The total length of the basal segments
of the three posterior appendages is progressively shorter toward the
posterior. A large lobe is located at the opening of the ejaculatory
duct. Both sexes are flecked with pigment.
486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
The males of piperatus in the Museum are similar to Mueller’s figure
of flavescens and to specimens of the latter collected by myself in
Florida. The distribution extends from Nova Scotia to Florida.
They have been found on Amia calva and Leptops olivaris at Fair-
port, Iowa; free swimming in the Schubenacadie River, Nova Scotia ;
on Hypentelium nigricans from the Ohio River at Marietta; on Huro
salmoides in the Myakka River and Amza calva in Lake Okeechobee,
Fla., and on Ameiurus nebulosus and Huro salmoides at Welaka, Fla.
Additional Florida hosts reported by Dr. R. V. Bangham include:
FIGURE 27.—Argulus melanostictus: a, Ribs of suction cups; 6, respiratory areas.
Chub sucker (Z’rimyzon sucetta sucetta) at El Jobean; stump knocker
(Lupomotis microlophus) at Naples, Englewood, and Lake Okeecho-
bee; gold-spotted killifish (“undulus sp.) at El Jobean; yellow bull-
head (Ameturus natalis), Myakka River; Amia calva at Joshua;
marbled bullhead (Amezwrus sp.) from Lake Okeechobee and Engle-
wood; largemouth black bass ({luro floridana) at Naples and Engle-
wood; channel catfish (/ctalurus punctatus), Lake Okeechobee; and
warmouth bass (Chaenobryttus gulosus) from a roadside ditch at
Englewood. The list of hosts and the area of distribution are there-
fore very imposing.
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 487
ARGULUS MELANOSTICTUS Wilson
FIGURE 27
Argulus melanostictus WILSON, 1935b, p. 776, pl. 25, figs. 1-4.
Carapace about as wide as long, extending to third thoracic
appendages; cephalic area projecting; eyes large, well separated;
dorsal ridges bending sharply laterally ahead of the eyes; posterior
sinus wide, sides flaring. Abdomen elliptical, lobes acute, sinus cut
past center, tips flaring starting at middle of sinus; anal furcae basal.
Body flecked with dark color. Respiratory areas include a rounded
one near the suction cups and a posterior, larger somewhat J-shaped
one posteriorly (fig. 27,6). Only the female of this species is known,
and it reaches 8 mm. in length. It was taken in a tow at Monterey
Bay, Calif., and there is a second record from Siam. Host unknown.
Antennae small, lateral hook short, anterior knob small, ventral
median spine of lateral hook broad and blunt, spine at base of first
antennae extremely large, that at base of second antennae long,
postantennal spine extremely broad and blunt. Suction cups with
edge supported by ribs composed of up to 30 or more apparently
imbricate plates (fig. 27, a). Second maxillae have the penultimate
segment enlarged and armed with spines. Basal plate very broad
with short blunt teeth; spines at base of limb near midline on a
broad prominence, second pair slenderer and more pointed and some-
what inconspicuously located.
Swimming appendages bearing flagella on anterior two pairs.
Fourth pair with small boot-shaped natatory lobe on the coxa. Slight
ventral posterior ridge on the coxa of the second and third
appendages. Tactile papilla not apparent.
ARGULUS PUGETTENSIS Dana
FIGURE 28
Argulus pugettensis DANA, 1853, p. 1351, pl. 94, fig. 2a, b—THoRELL, 1865, p.
60.—WILSoN, 1902, p. 711, pl. 15—THetr, 1904, p. 32, figs. 77-82.
Argulus niger WILson, 1902, p. 714, pl. 18.
Carapace of female elliptical, covering appendages and extending
onto the abdomen; cephalic area prominent with lateral sinuses deep.
On the male the carapace is more nearly orbicular, covering only the
third appendages; eyes small and widely separated. Abdomen of
female ovate, lobes rounded, sinus very deep; on male elliptical, lobes
pointed, sinus less than half the depth; anal papillae basal. The
respiratory areas are composed of an anterior small rounded portion
and a stout J-shaped larger area posteriorly (fig. 28, >). The male
488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
openings are near two small rounded papillae, while the tactile
papillae of the female are short and stout. The whole under surface
of both sexes is very spinous.
Antennae comparatively small; anterior hook very conspicuous,
flagellum very short; second antennae short; spines at base of first
and second antennae very stout, postantennal pair stouter, those on
ventral surface of lateral hook long and sharp. Suction cups on male
about one-fifth the width of carapace, ribs composed of basal pedestal
and 7 to 10 imbricate plates (fig. 28, c); those of female composed
of approximately 16 imbricate plates (fig. 28, d). Second maxillae
very stout and short, covered with armed padded areas; basal plate
broad with teeth blunt, anterior pair of postmaxillary spines short
and truncate, located on a large pad, posterior pair slender and blunt.
FicurE 28.—Argulus pugeitensis: a, Male accessory organs of third and fourth legs;
b, respiratory areas; c, ribs of suction cups (male) ; d, ribs of suction cups (female).
Swimming appendages bearing flagella; boot-shaped natatory lobes
of fourth pair very stout on female. Precoxa of male elongated on
first three appendages; basal segment of second appendages unusually
wide with a groove on the posterior surface, where it fits against the
next appendage. On the third appendage a thin-walled voluminous
sac extends the length of the coxa and part of the basis. Dorsally the
opening of the socket extends about two-thirds the length of the sac.
The fourth appendage has a boot-shaped natatory lobe posteriorly,
and the usual chitinous ridge along the proximal side of the base of
the peg. The peg is odd in that it is composed of a triangular lamina
with the tip directed laterally and the base quite broad (fig. 28, a).
This is the only species studied where the ribs on the rim of the
suction cups show any considerable sex differences. The female has
been reported up to 18 mm. and the male 8mm. This large difference
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 489
in size may account for the difference in the structure of the ribs of the
suction cups. As far as can be determined niger is identical in every
respect.
All specimens have been taken on the Pacific coast. They have been
found free swimming and on the surf perch, blue perch (Zaeniotoca
lateralis), Salmo trideus, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Hyperprosopon
argeneus, and Cymatogaster aggregatus.
ARGULUS FLORIDENSIS, new species
FIGURE 29
A single male specimen labeled A. pugettensis and found in
U.S.N.M. vial No. 77810 is entirely different from typical pugetiensis
and will therefore be given a new name. It was collected by A. E.
Verrill in 1884 at Key West, Fla. The host is not given.
Ficury 29.—Argulus floridensis: a, Respiratory areas; 0, ribs of suction cups; ec, second
thoracic appendage (male); d, third thoracic appendage (male); e, fourth thoracic
appendage (male).
Although the specimen is in poor condition, the following measure-
ments were taken: Total length 5.85 mm., length of carapace 4.88 mm.,
width 4.28 mm., sinus 1.99 mm., abdomen 1.58 mm. long and 1.35 mm.
wide with the anal sinus 0.98 mm.
The carapace is ovate, sinuses shallow, cephalic areas broad, eyes
small, widely separated; alae reaching abdomen. Abdomen ovate,
narrower at the top near the thorax, sinus deep, tips divergent, anal
furcae small and basal. Dorsal ridges very stout, bowed inward
490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
behind the eyes and diverging ahead of them. Respiratory areas well
separated, almost equal in size and shape (fig. 29, a).
First antennae with an anterior hook; ventral mesial spine fairly
large, basal spine of first antennae very large, spine on second antenna
long and broad and postantennal spine very broad. These differ from
pugettensis in that the spines at the base of the first antennae and
near the midline are so very broad and the anterior hook is placed so
far laterally on the lateral hook.
Suction cups about one-fifth the width of the carapace, with 18 or 19
imbricate plates in the ribs (fig. 29, 6). This is very similar to the
female pugettensis. Second maxillae slenderer and without so prom-
inent spinous pads, with three broad blunt teeth, median one slightly
broader than the other two, postmaxillary spines fairly long, both
pairs pointing medially.
Swimming appendages without flagella. Second appendage with
broadly bilobed lamella on posterior ventral edge (fig. 29, ¢). Third
appendages with the dorsoanterior edge of coxa rounded proximally
and armed with spines, ventral distal edge with an upright fingerlike
papilla projecting anteriorly and a rounded papilla dorsal to it (fig.
29, d). On the fourth appendage there is a small rounded lamella on
the posterior surface of the basis and a more broadly rounded blade-
like lamella on the posterior surface of the coxa. The usual chitinous
ridge extends obliquely across the basal segment with the peg orig-
inating on the dorsal distal end of the last basal segment and curved
medially above this basal part like a curved finger (fig. 29, e).
There seems to be no indication of the socket from the ventral side
of the animal, but on the dorsal side of the third appendage it may be
seen as a saddled-shaped depression on the distal end of the basis,
while the two rami are fused at their point of origin to form a broad
base. This armature, the absence of flagella on the swimming ap-
pendages, and the two very nearly equal respiratory areas are all
different from those of pugettensis.
ARGULUS BOREALIS Wilson
FIGuRE 30
Argulus borealis WiLson, 1912a, p. 85, pl. 3.
Carapace slightly longer than wide, ovate; cephalic area prominent,
eyes fairly large, alae reaching third appendages in female, fourth
appendages in male. Abdomen elliptical; anal sinus shallow; anal
furcae basal, tips diverging, testes extending almost full length of
abdomen. Color almost lacking in the body except a brown band
extending posteriorly from the edge of the cephalic areas paralleling
the edge of the alae; dorsal surface of abdomen somewhat rusty in
female; brown color on each side of testes in male. The respiratory
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 491
areas are composed of an oblong one anteriorly near the base of the
second maxillae and smaller than the other, which is some distance
posterior to it (fig. 30, a). The females measure to 8.5 mm. and the
males to 4 mm. The hosts are Lepidopsetta bilineata and Cymato-
gaster aggregatus from Departure Bay, British Columbia.
al (Hf
Ficurp 30.—Argulus borealis: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; ec, accessory
organs of second, third, and fourth legs.
Suction cups with the rims supported by ribs composed of an
elongate rod and four to six overlapping plates (fig. 30, 6). Mar-
ginal lappets delicate. Second maxillae with a wide basal plate, teeth
long and pointed; postmaxillary spines also long.
Antennae very trim; spines narrow, lateral hook sharp, anterior
knob slender, ventral median spine prominent, spines at the base of
the antennae and near midventral line long. Flagellum of first
antennae longer than the lateral hook; second antennae extending
almost to the edge of carapace.
Thoracic appendages without flagella. The posterior surface of
the fourth appendage of the female with a somewhat bilobed fleshy
prolongation of the coxa. Second appendage of male with a slight
ventral posterior lobe (fig. 30, ¢). Third pair with an anterior
rounded swelling on the coxa and a broadening of the same segment
posteriorly where the socket is located. There is a posterior bilobed
natatory flap on the coxa of the fourth appendages; the basal seg-
ments of the appendage are short and broad, with a ridge around the
base of the peg on the distal anterior edge of the basis. The peg is
a large, round prominence near the base of the exopod with a con-
cavity around it. There is a bulbous papilla at the posterior end of
the thorax near the male opening.
492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
ARGULUS MEGALOPS Smith
FIGURE 31
Argulus megalops SmirH, 1873, p. 575—WILson, 1902, p. 706, pls. 11, 26; 1932,
p. 16, fig. 5.
Argulus varians BrrE, 1936, p. 579, pl. 1, figs. 11-16.
Carapace elliptical, male more rounded, in most instances reaching
third appendages on both sexes, but on Florida specimens it may
extend onto abdomen; cephalic area prominent, eyes large, well sepa-
rated; posterior sinus broad, alae rounded; last segment of thorax
broadened laterally, almost as wide as abdomen. Abdomen of female
subtriangular, sinus shallow; male elliptical, connected to thorax by a
narrow neck, almost as long as female, sinus shallower, anal furcae
basal. The respiratory areas well separated, anterior one compara-
tively large, posterior with lobed margin (fig. 31,6). Female up to
7 mm. in length and male the same size. U.S.N.M. No. 60462, labeled
A. megalops var. spinosus, is apparently not different from the reg-
ular species, except that there is less color and the spines on the
ventral surface of the carapace show up better. Both have a very
spinose under surface. Specimens labeled A. warians in the Bass
Biological Laboratory differ only in a considerable variation of the
size of the carapace. Other characters are identical.
Antennae slender, spines and hooks slender, lateral hook short,
curved back on itself sharply, anterior knob long, with slight hook;
spine on ventral surface of hook long and curved; slender spines
present at base of first and second antennae and at midline; second
antennae reaching almost to edge of carapace, many setae at each
joint and on tip.
Suction cups small, separated somewhat, rim supported by ribs
made up of an elongate rod and four to nine apparently imbricate
plates (fig. 31, a). Second maxillae with broad basal plate having
three slender widely spaced teeth; two postmaxillary pairs also
slender.
Swimming appendages without flagella. Female with slender
boot-shaped lobe with a broad heel and slender toe on posterior sur-
face of fourth appendage. This varies somewhat in size. Tactile
papillae slender and small.
Male third appendage with a fingerlike projection on the dorsal
anterior distal edge of the coxa pointing anterolaterally, and on the
posterior surface of the same segment is a large rounded lobe con-
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 493
taining the socket (fig. 31, ¢). The fourth appendages have a pos-
terior flap, which is squarely truncate. There is the usual chitinous
ridge surrounding the base of the peg. The peg is a rounded ball on
a narrower neck at the distal anterior edge of the basis. Mesial to
this is a triangular flap projecting anteriorly and turned ventrally
at the tip. The top of the peg seems to be faceted. There is a broad
papilla at the male opening between the bases of the fourth
appendages.
4 b
Ficurp 31.—Argulus megalops: a, Ribs of suction cups; 0b, respiratory areas; c, male
accessory organs of third and fourth legs.
The host and localities have been reported as follows: Myoxoceph-
alus octodecimspinosus, Salt Harbor, New Brunswick; Pseudo-
pleuronectes americanus, Paralichthys dentaius, Hippoglossoides
platessoides, Lophopsetta maculata, Prionotus carolinus, Myoxoceph-
alus octodecimspinosus, Lophius piscatorius, Microgadus tomcod,
and from tows in the Woods Hole region; and finally from the bat-
fish (Ogcocephalus sp.), the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), the
suckingfish (Hcheneis naucrates), and the spiny toadfish (Chilo-
mycterus spinosus), on the Gulf coast of Florida.
494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
ARGULUS JAPONICUS Thiele
FIGURE 32
Argulus japonicus THIELE, 1900, p. 48; 1904, p. 39, figs. 94-98——Wiutson, 1902,
p. 727.—Toxtoka, 1986a, p. 334, pl. 21, figs. 1, 2.—Yamacutti, 1937, p. 781,
figs. 1-9.
Argulus trilineatus Witson, 1904, p. 651, figs. 34-388.—GuUBERLET, 1928, p. 35,
figs. 1-7.—MEEHEAN, 19387, pp. 288-292, pl. 1.
Carapace elliptical, covering third swimming appendages or reach-
ing fourth; eyes well separated, cephalic area not very broad; sinuses
shallow; abdomen small and spindle shaped; anal sinus deep, anal
furcae basal, sides flaring on female, not on male. Anterior respira-
tory area small, subtriangular, posterior one large and reniform
(fig. 32,6). The dorsal ridges are branched. Both males and females
have been reported up to about 6 mm. in length.
Ficurp 32.—Argulus japonicus: a, Ribs of suction cups; 0b, respiratory areas; c, male
accessory organs of second, third, and fourth legs.
Antennae small, an anterior knob on the base of the first pair,
spines at the base of both pairs and near the midline. Suction cups
with an elongate basal segment and five to seven imbricate plates in
the ribs (fig 32, a@); marginal lappets about six or seven between
the ribs. Second maxillae with broad basal plate having blunt teeth
widely separated; spines near midline about the same size as the
teeth.
Swimming appendages with flagella, posterior surface of coxa on
fourth appendage of female with fleshy rounded lobe. On the male
the second appendages have a bilobed posterior protuberance with
truncate spines along edge. It is placed somewhat obliquely across
the coxa with the mesial lobe more dorsal and the distal portion of lobe
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 495
somewhat longer. Between the second and third swimming legs is
a slight spinous lobe on the lateral edges of the thorax directed from
the base of the third thoracic appendage anteriorly (fig. 32, ¢). On
the third and fourth appendages the basal segments are only about
half as long as those of the two anterior pairs. The basal segment
of the third pair is very broad, and a posterior lobe containing the
socket extends about two-thirds the length of the segment. The
peg is composed of a chitinous shovel-shaped lobe projecting laterally
from the distal end of the basis, with a fleshy protuberance directed
toward the appendage on the ventral side. Around the base of the
peg is the usual ridge; the basis is enlarged posteriorly and a fleshy
posterior lobe is located on the coxa. There is a large papilla at
the ejaculatory duct on the end of the thorax.
The host in this country is the goldfish (Carassius auratus), and
the species has been reported from almost every region where goldfish
are found.
ARGULUS LATICAUDA Smith
FIGURE 33
Argulus laticauda SMITH, 1878, p. 574.—WILSON, 1902, p. 705, pl. 10.
Carapace longer than wide, alae reaching fourth appendages of
male and abdomen on female; cephalic area broad and prominent,
with deep sinuses, posterior sinus broad. Abdomen orbicular, about
as wide as long; sinus about one-fourth the length of carapace and
broad; anal furcae basal. The respiratory areas consist of an
anterior smaller one opposite the maxillae and a posterior E-shaped
larger one (fig. 33, a). Females have been reported to 7 mm. and
males to 6 mm.
Lateral hook of first antennae short but turned back on itself;
anterior knob long with slight indication of a hook at the end;
ventral spine on base of hook stout, spine at base of antenna broad
with a blunt end; flagellum just reaching beyond lateral hook.
Second antennae long, almost reaching the edge of the carapace;
spine at base very broad, postantennal spine very broad and long.
Suction cups small, rims supported by ribs made up of three or
four straight rods (fig. 33,6). Marginal lappets very large. Second
maxillae with narrow basal plate flaring widely into three truncated
lobes, which may be squarely cut but usually appear to be worn in
the center to give a slightly bilobed appearance. Postmaxillary
spines short, broad, truncated, and fairly inconspicuous.
Swimming appendages with flagella. Female with small boot-
shaped natatory flap on posterior surface of coxa on fourth append-
ages. Male accessory apparatus extremely complicated. Precoxa of
496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yoL. 88
second appendages on ventral side with a narrow chitinous strip,
which projects posteriorly beyond the edge of the appendage (fig.
33,¢). Coxa extremely broad with a broad, flat lobe along the whole
posterior side, which has a machete-shaped lobe on the distal part
of the appendage projecting ventrally from the posterior lobe so
that it stands out from the appendage. The third appendages have
the combined basal segments telescoped. Posteriorly there is a chi-
tinous lamina projecting toward the body similar to the narrower one
on the anterior appendage; it is about three times as broad as the
latter. The remainder of the segments form a saddle over the fourth
appendage by means of a ventral lobe on the distal end of the coxa
and a dorsal lobe proximal to it. The exopod is broad at the base
ALN yg ©
!
Alt
Fiegurp 33.—Argulus laticauda: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; o, accessory
organs on last three legs of male.
with a large hump anteriorly which fits under the lobe of the
anterior appendage. The fourth appendage also has short basal
segments. Anteriorly the broad peg occupies more than half the
space. It is projected out as a large papilla tipped on the distal
edge by two chitinous cylindrical tips which extend down the side
of the papilla. The posterior edge of the basis is expanded into a
hatchet-shaped projection, while the coxa has a roughly boot-shaped
one. The exopod is expanded slightly at the base.
This species has been collected in tows at Vineyard Sound, Mass. ;
on Anguilla rostrata, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Paralichthys
dentatus, Microgadus tomcod, Myoxocephalus scorpius, Opsanus tau,
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 497
all from the Woods Hole region; Promicrops itaira, Dry Tortugas;
and from Opsanus tau, Pteroplatea maclura, and Amphotistius say
in the Gulf of Mexico.
ARGULUS RETICULATUS Wilson
Ficure 34
Argulus reticulatus WiILSon, 1920b, p. 2, pl. 1.
Carapace elliptical; cephalic area slightly prominent, posterior
sinus shallow and rectangular; eyes small, widely spaced; alae over-
lapping abdomen on female and about reaching it on the male. Ab-
domen ovate, anal sinus shallow and narrow. Anterior respiratory
area subtriangular, posterior one very large and reniform (fig. 34, 6).
Ficurn 34.—Argulus reticulatus: a, Rib of suction cup; b, respiratory area; c, accessory
organs of second and third legs of male; d, fourth leg with peg.
498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Antennae short; anterior hook with broad base; spines present on
the ventral surface of the lateral hook and at the base of the first
and second antennae and near the midline of the body. The two
latter somewhat stout. Suction cups with ribs composed of a series
of rectangular rods, the distal one pointed (fig. 34, a). Maxillae
slender, basal plate with three rounded teeth; first pair of maxillary
spines pointed, second pair rounded.
Thoracic appendages with flagella. Second appendages of male
with a bilobed protuberance on the posterior surface of the coxa.
Third appendages with a large circular lobe containing the socket
projecting posteriorly from the coxa, but overlapping part of the
basis (fig. 34, ¢). On the fourth appendages is the usual natatory
lobe on the posterior surface of the coxa. The peg is very much en-
larged, but with the usual small tip. Extending along the ventral
surface of the peg toward the appendages is a fleshy papilla some-
what like that on japonicus (fig. 34, d).
The female measures to 8 mm. and the male to 6 mm. The host
is Hydrocyon goliath from the Congo River, Africa.
ARGULUS FUNDULI Kr¢gyer
FIGURE 35
Argulus funduli Kréyerr, 1863-64, p. 94, pl. 2, fig. 1—Wzutson, 1902, p. 710, pl. 14;
1982, p. 18, fig. 1—THIEL, 1904, p. 34.
Argulus latus SMITH, 1873, p. 574.—Wzutson, 1902, p. 704, pl. 9; 1982, p. 14,
fig. 2.
Carapace about as wide as long; cephalic area broad and prom-
inent; eyes large and well separated; posterior sinus broad, alae
reaching third appendages on both sexes. Abdomen of male el-
liptical, half as wide as long, with the testes extending the full
length to the sinus; female abdomen broader in proportion, with
tips more widely separated; anal furcae basal. The respiratory
areas are small and widely separated, somewhat circular in appear-
ance; the anterior one ahead of the second maxillae and the posterior
larger one behind the first swimming appendages (fig. 35, 0).
The antennae are small, with a slight indication of an anterior
knob; spine at base large, postantennal spines broader. Spine at base
of second antennae smaller than those on first. Suction cups large,
about one-third the width of the carapace; ribs in rim supported
by 15 to 22 imbricate plates and a more elongate basal one (fig. 35, a).
Marginal lappets very small. Second maxillae slender; basal plate
broad and irregularly triangular, with one to three blunt teeth; the
two pairs of postmaxillary spines lacking.
Swimming appendages without flagella; fourth coxa of female
with a small, rounded posterior lobe, whole protopod broader than
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 499
on anterior appendages. Third appendages of male have an anterior
triangular flap from the distal edge of the coxa extending over the
basis; the posterior surface of the same segment is enlarged where
the socket is located (fig. 35,c). The socket itself is merely a shallow
cup with a fleshy lip around it on the posterior surface of the seg-
ment in contrast to the usual opening on the dorsal side.
The peg appears as a fingerlike lobe curled mesially, with a second
jobe proximally and pressed up against it. They are both located
on the dorsal side of the segment in line with the end of the exopod.
There is a chitinous ridge around its base, as in other species.
i g
UF
Fieurn 35.—Argulus funduli: a, Ribs of suction cups; b, respiratory areas; c, male
accessory organs of third and fourth legs.
Smith’s description, of A. /atus is not full enough to enable one to
determine whether he has established a true species. The specimens
of A. fundult and A. latus in the National Museum seem to be iden-
tical in every respect. Both have a slight lobe on the mesial side of
the basal plate of the second maxillae, and they lack spines near the
midline between them. They have 15 to 22 imbricate plates in the
rim of the suction cups, with a slightly enlarged one at the base.
The respiratory areas are similar on the two; the posterior lobe on
the fourth swimming appendages of the female are alike. The
antennae have a slight indication of an anterior knob on both species,
with the spines at the base of the first antennae and the postantennal
ones larger than the others. The carapace reaches or covers the
third thoracic appendages. U.S.N.M. No. 60452 contained some
immature males labeled A. /atus along with some females. The males
were immature so that the accessory copulatory apparatus was not
developed far enough to tell whether there were any specific differ-
ences. It is therefore proposed that until the males are found these
species be considered as synonymous.
500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
A. latus has been taken in surface tows at Vineyard Sound, Mass.,
in a brackish pond on Chappaquiddick Island, Mass., and in Casco
Bay, Maine.
A. funduli was described from specimens taken on Fundulus ocel-
laris near New Orleans, La.; others from many fish at Waquott Hole
and Woods Hole, Mass., and Long Island Sound; from FPundulus
majalis at Beaufort, N. C.; Fundulus heteroclitus, St. Andrews, New
Brunswick; a brackish pool at Meveitta, Fla.; on Menidia notata and
Pseudopleuronectes americanus from the Passamaquoddy region;
and on Lagodon rhomboides from the Gulf of Mexico. The females
measure to 5 mm. and the males to 4 mm.
ARGULUS VIOLACEUS Thomsen
FIGURE 36
Argulus violaceus THOMSEN, 1925, p. 185, figs. 1-15.
Carapace elliptical, covering second appendages on female and
reaching third ones on male; posterior sinus broad, eyes widely
separated; cephalic area prominent and sinuses deep. Abdomen of
male subtriangular, with broadest portion near anterior end; almost
rectangular on female, with narrow neck attached to thorax; sinus
broad, uniform in width, anal furcae basal, rounded. The testes
extend almost the full length of the abdomen.
Antennae arranged to accommodate them to the narrowness of the
cephalic area. The lateral hook is pushed forward and bends back
very far; anterior hook pushed mesially, very broad at base and long
with a minute hook. A large spine located on the ventral surface
of the lateral hook, spine at base of second antenna long and blunt,
that at base of the first is broader and those near the midline very
broad and blunt. Second antennae extending to the edge of the
carapace.
Suction cups small and widely separated. Rim narrow with ribs
composed of a somewhat J-shaped basal rod and an oblong distal
one, marginal lappets blunt and rounded (fig. 36, @). Second maxil-
lae slender, basal plate with three broad rounded lobes, and both
pairs of spines near the midline rounded with spinous pads on them.
Anterior respiratory area subtriangular located near suction cups,
with the posterior one extending to the end of the alae (fig. 36, 0).
Thoracic appendages with flagella, very stout and short on the
female; thorax slightly widened between third and fourth pairs; on
the male the coxa is slightly broader than the width of the second
appendage. The third appendages are peculiar in that the basal
%
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 501
segments are only as long as the coxa of the second one; coxa with
a bilobed papilla on the anterior surface; basis short and unmodi-
fied. The first segment of the endopod is very broad, with a spine
in the middle of the ventral surface and a longer sharper one on the
anterior distal surface at the base of the distal segment. The distal
segment is curved, with long curved setae that fold over from both
edges, which are peculiar in that they bend toward the posterior of
the segment and are found on both edges instead of only one as in
other species. The exopod originates on the dorsal surface of the
basis and curves laterally reaching to the middle of the distal segment
of the endoped. The socket can be seen from the dorsal side as a
lobe rounded posteriorly from the coxa (fig. 36, ¢).
AG gee
ay, : nee ee
SX) ae
0)
pee
a
Y
FicurEe 36.—Argulus violaceus: a, Ribs of suction cups; 6, respiratory areas; c, accessory
organs of third and fourth legs of male.
The fourth appendages have a slight rounded lobe on the posterior
of the coxa. Anteriorly there is a slight indication of a chitinous
ridge around the base of the peg. The peg is a mounded, button-
shaped, chitinous papilla, with a slight concavity on the top. The
exopod originates on the dorsal side of the basis as on the third
appendages, with a triangular flap over the peg, as seen from the
dorsal side. The basal segments of the fourth appendages are cov-
ered by the abdomen. .
The female is 6.5 mm. and male 5mm. The hosts are Pledostomus
commersonii from Uruguay and Rhamdia quelea.
502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
ARGULUS SALMINEI Kr¢gyer
FIGurRE 37
Argulus salminei Kr¢yeR, 1863-64, p. 89, pl. 1, fig. 1.
Argulus paulensis Wi1Lson, 1924, p. 4, pl. 1, figs. 1-5.
Carapace wider than long, reaching third appendages on male and
overlapping them on the female. Cephalic area prominent, sinuses
shallow. Eyes light colored and widely separated; dorsal ridges
divergent anteriorly, extending very far anteriorly toward the edge
of the carapace. Abdomen of female wider than long, anal sinus
one-fourth the length, seminal receptacles large; male abdomen
longer than wide, anal sinus very shallow and broad, testes occupy-
ing most of the available space; anal furnace basal, elongate.
_Antennae slender, slight knob on anterior of lateral hook, which
is bent in an arc, distal end of flagellum opposed by a prominent
seta; second antennae so slender that the basal segments grade into
the distal ones, spines slight, chitinous protuberances almost absent
at base of second antennae but larger on ventral of first antennae
and at base and near midline of the body. There is not so great a
differentiation of the segments of the antennae as in other species.
Suction cups with narrow rims, supporting ribs tapered and
broken into 9 or 10 segments, marginal lappets numerous between the
ribs (fig. 37, ¢). Second maxillae with broad basal plate slightly
lobed, medial lobe somewhat longer and narrower; two pairs of
postmaxillary spines conspicuous or not, but present at least as
chitinous prominences.
Swimming appendages with flagella, which are very stout on the
female and tipped with very long setae. Appendages of female
normal, with a small, boot-shaped, natatory lobe on fourth. Second
swimming appendage of male has the usual posterior bilobed lamella
but with the proximal lobe abbreviated and the distal one elongate
(fig. 87, a). The lobe enclosing the socket on the posterior of the
third appendage is located dorsally over the groove dividing the
basis and coxa, so that the location of the socket cannot be noted from
a ventral view, because the opening is on the segment proper rather
than on the lobe. The peg isa triangular prolongation of the anterior
edge of the basis ending in a number of points; dorsally the end is
an oddly shaped movable hook with a flat surface underneath. On
the ventral surface of the peg is a fleshy papilla projecting medially
much as in japonicus. The coxa has a small, boot-shaped, natatory
lobe posteriorly, well armed with long setae. There is a broad papilla
near the male opening.
The respiratory areas are composed of an anterior subtriangular
smaller one and a posterior large one with a notch in the middle of
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 503
the mesial side (fig. 37, 6). The females measure up to 8 mm. and
the males to about half that size. The host is the “Italrirana” in
Brazil. It is a fresh-water species.
Thiele (1904) showed a pair of spinous prominences on the ante-
rior surface of the basis on the third swimming appendage. The
specimens at hand have one prominent one on the dorsal side of this
appendage, with the rest of the anterior appendage rounded to fit
under the lobe or pad projecting from the posterior surface of the
second appendage.
Ficurn 37.—Argulus salminei: a, Accessory organs of last three legs of male; b, respiratory
areas; ¢, ribs of suction cups.
On the dorsal side the base of the coxa projects posteriorly as a
rounded prominence, so that from a ventral view the tip appears as
a spinous pad median to the rounded voluminous swelling enclosing
the socket. The opening of the socket is an oblong slit, which is very
long to correspond to the size of the large pad.
Two specimens labeled A. nattereri (Heller), No. 1261-91/435, are
identical with A. paulensis Wilson. The largest of these was 10.4 mm.
long. They do not fit Thiele’s description of the type for nattereri
in two particulars—the anterior protuberance on the first antenna is
a knob rather than a hook, and the teeth on the basal plate of the
maxillae are short and broadly rounded rather than long and slender.
Both groups of specimens seem to fit the description of A. salminet
Kréyer, as given by Thiele, in every detail except one. He says that
there are about seven segments in the ribs of the suction cups. The
two groups in the Museum have about 16, and 9 or 10, respectively.
Since these divisions are somewhat dependent upon the size of the
animal and are the same in shape, the number of segments is not
significant. The male accessory appendages of paulensis and salminet
are alike. The former therefore becomes synonymous with the latter,
004 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
and the specimens labeled nattereri are really the same as these. No
respiratory areas have been figured for any of these. They are,
however, included in the present description.
ARGULUS AMERICANUS Wilson
Figure 38
Argulus americanus WILSON, 1902, p. 718, pl. 21, pl. 26, figs. 84-86; 1904, p. 627,
figs. 1-21.
Carapace about as wide as long, overlapping the abdomen in both
sexes, alae overlapping thorax and truncate on large females;
cephalic area prominent, sinuses not deep. Abdomen subtriangular,
about as wide as or wider anteriorly than the length; sinus one-fifth
to one-fourth length of abdomen, sides diverging, anal furcae subter-
minal and large. The respiratory areas are peculiar in that the
of
Ficurn 38.—Argulus americanus: a, Male accessory organs of last three legs; b, ribs of
suction cups; ¢, respiratory areas; d, dorsal view of second male appendage.
smaller is oblong and located in a notch in the larger one, mesially
and anterior to it (fig. 38, c). Females have been reported up to
12 mm. and males of about the same size.
Antennae deeply sunk into carapace, very characteristic since bases
of first antennae are usually prolonged mesially into a knob; there is
an extra spine between that at the base of the first antennae and the
postantennal spine, making three pairs in a row. The lateral hook
is bent posteriorly; base of segment enlarged into an anterior knob,
rather than the usual more mesial one; ventral spine large; second
antennae with large spine at the base; basal segments not very large,
others progressively smaller and armed with setae.
Suction cups with rims supported by ribs composed of two or three
elongate rods, interior ones longer than outer (fig. 38, 0). Second
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 505
maxillae about normal, basal plate with the two mesial teeth more
pointed than lateral broad one; postmaxillary spines blunt and
rounded.
Swimming appendages with flagella. Female with boot-shaped
lobe on postericr surface of fourth coxa; tactile papillae long and
stout. Second appendage of male with a lobe on the posterior surface
of the coxa prolonged laterally almost as long as the basis, a short
flagellumlike papilla on the middle posterior surface of the coxa
underneath the posterior ventral lobe (fig. 38, 7). Third appendage
with a club-shaped lobe on the anterior distal edge of the coxa extend-
ing over the basis to the exopod; on the posterior surface of the basis
is a flat lobe with the socket opening on its dorsal surface (fig. 38, a).
The peg, with an armed ridge around its base, is located on the basis
of the fourth appendage; the posterior boot-shaped lobe extends
laterally about to the distal end of the basis and is covered entirely
by the abdomen.
From the host Ama calva it has been reported from Ann Arbor,
Mich.; Lake Maxinkuckee and Kankakee River, Ind.; Fairport,
Iowa; from Umbra lini at Fairport, lowa; from Ama calva, Ocean
Pond, Lake City, Fla.; and from Hsox nobilior, Clayton, N. Y.
Approximately one-third of the type specimens of americanus,
U.S.N.M. No. 20940, are spotted like maculosus. In the same way
many specimens of the latter are unspotted, so that the color is not
a specific character.
ARGULUS VERSICOLOR Wilson
FIGURE 39
Argulus versicolor WILsoNn, 1902, p. 716, pl. 20, pl. 26, fig. 88; 1904, p. 643, figs.
22-33.
Carapace only slightly longer than wide, alae overlapping abdomen
slightly on the male and just reaching it on the female; cephalic area
prominent, lateral sinuses not deep. Abdomen ovate in female, sub-
triangular in male; anal sinus very shallow, furcae subterminal and
fairly large. Distinctive dark coloring along depressions in alae and
posterior of cephalic areas, between dorsal ridges and along intestinal
tract through abdomen. Wilson states that these are variegated in
natural color. Smaller respiratory area rounded and located in a
notch on the mesial side of the larger one (fig. 39, a). Females are
reported up to 6 mm., males to 4.5 mm. The hosts and localities are
as follows: Esoa reticularis, Warren and Worcester, Mass.; Patapsco
Relay, Md.; Lake Maxinkuckee, Ind.; “pickerel,” Valdosta, Ga.
First antennae with anterior knob, broad ventral spine, and large
spine at base; second antennae with broad spine at base; broad post-
506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88
antennal spine and an extra one between that and the one at the base
of the first antennae, making three in a row.
Suction cups have ribs made up of an oblong basal plate and two
to four somewhat oblong shorter ones (fig. 39, b). These differ from
maculosus in that the distal plates are oblong rather than rectangular
and the basal plate is long and narrow without a broad base. The
second maxillae have long widely spaced teeth, with the two pairs of
spines near the midline of the body stout and long, the posterior pair
very near the basal plate. These teeth are slenderer than in maculosus.
O
ot Tih a
Ficurp 39.—Argulus versicolor: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; c, male
accessory organs of last three legs.
c
Flagella are present on the swimming legs. There is a slight lamella
on the posterior of the coxa of the third appendages of the female;
the usual natatory lobe on the posterior of the fourth appendage but
without a heel; large females may have a lamella on the basis also,
tactile papillae very long.
On the male the second appendages have the usual bilobed pad on
the posterior ventral side of the coxa armed with short spines (fig.
39, c). On the third appendages there is a lamella on the posterior
surface of the basis, with a rounded lobe on the coxa that accommo-
dates the socket. Dorsally there is a large rounded papilla on this
segment, with a groove running posteriorly to the opening of the
socket. The fourth legs of the male have a posterior lamella ex-
panded somewhat laterally over the basis. Anteriorly there is the
usual chitinous ridge medially around the base of the peg, while the
peg itself is pear-shaped, with a broad base and narrow tip projected
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 507
laterally. The exopods are distinguished from those of other species
by being dark in contrast to the endopods.
ARGULUS MACULOSUS Wilson
FIGURE 40
Argulus maculosus Witson, 1902, p. 715, pl. 19, ne 26, fig. 82; 1907, p. 416,
pl. 31, figs. 15-22; 1914, p. 354.
Carapace about as wide as long; sinuses sharp but not deep, alae
reaching or covering third appendages; abdomen on male almost
rectangular, but subtriansular on female; anal sinus fairly deep,
with sides flaring somewhat. Tactile papillae very prominent. The
respiratory areas consist of a small one in a notch on the mesial
side of the larger (fig. 40, a).
Antennae with three spines along the midline, the posterior one
broader and longer. There is an anterior hook on first antennae
as compared with a knob on americanus, but the knob on proximal
edge of basal segment of first antennae is not so prominent. There
is a slight papilla above spine at base of second antennae. Suction
cups supported by ribs composed of three to eight rods, as compared
with two in americanus (fig. 40, 6). Basal plate of second maxil-
lae with long teeth, plate narrow, postmaxillary spines long.
Swimming appendages with flagella; fourth appendage of female
with boot-shaped lobe with broad heel, extending beyond the ab-
domen; third appendages with slight posterior ridge, precoxae long,
especially on male. Second thoracic appendages of male with the
usual posterior lobe but extended laterally (fig. 40, ¢). It does not
have the papilla under it that is found in americanus. Third ap-
pendage with anterior flap on coxa extending over basis; basis ex-
panded posteriorly with socket. The peg is very broad at the base
extending over the whole anterior surface of the basis; the tip is
unusually large and turned somewhat anteriorly. The posterior lobe
of the coxa is extended laterally around the basis.
There is considerable similarity between americanus and maculo-
sus and between the females of versicolor and the other two. A. ma-
culosus can be separated from americanus by the following points
of difference: On the former the rounded anterior respiratory area
is small and mesial, but on the latter it is large and at the antero-
mesial corner of the larger, more posterior one. The former has an
anterior hook on the first antennae, while on the latter there is a
knob. On maculosus the third spines at the midline near the an-
tennae are longer and larger, and the mesial knob at the base of
the first antennae is not very prominent. There are four to six rods
in the sucking disks of maculosus and only two in americanus. The
508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOL. 88
teeth on the basal plate of the maxillae of maculosus are long com-
pared with a lateral broad one in americanus; the extra flagellum-
like papilla under the posterior lobe on the second thoracic ap-
pendages of the male of americanus is missing in maculosus.
A. versicolor differs from americanus in that it has respiratory
areas like those in maculosus. It has an anterior knob on the an-
tennae instead of the anterior hook, and the teeth of the basal plate
on the second maxillae are slender.
Aenea
B( ©
J
ae ranean
b a
Ficurp 40.—Argulus maculosus: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; c, male
accessory organs of last three legs.
It differs from maculosus in that the three spines at the base of
the antennae are about the same size. The rods in the ribs of the
suction cups are composed of a narrow elongate basal and distal
oblong segments as compared with a broad basal and rectangular
distal segments on maculosus. ‘The teeth on the second maxillae
are very slender and widely spaced as compared with the closely
spaced ones on maculosus. The male accessory apparatus is entirely
different and characteristic.
This species has been reported from Ameiurus nebulosus, A. nata-
lis, and Ambloplites rupestris from Lake Maxinkuckee, Ind.; and
from Ameturus natalis, Lost Lake, Ind. Females measure to 10 mm.
and males to 7 mm. in length. This species also occurred in a col-
lection sent me by Dr. Bangham from Woodmere, Fla., on the chub
sucker (HLrimyzon sucetia).
The type specimens for maculosus, U. S. N. M. No. 28987, are
typical americanus, as well as No. 12226. Judged from Wilson’s
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 509
description and figures (1902, pp. 715-716, pl. 19), he seems to have
separated the species according to the presence or absence of pig-
ment spots. On about one-third of the types of americanus one may
note the typical flecks that he indicates as characteristic of maculosus.
The remaining vials do contain specimens with the characters
outlined above, some of which may be designated as types for the
species. There is no such specimen as that from which he described
the species and which was probably aberrant.
ARGULUS MISSISSIPPIENSIS Wilson
FIcuRE 41
Argulus mississippiensis WILSON, 1916, p. 350, pl. 61, figs. 13-15; pl. 62, fig. 21;
pl. 63.
Carapace subcircular, wider than long, alae somewhat truncate
posteriorly so that lobes just about reach abdomen; eyes small and
widely separated; abdomen one-fourth the total length of the body,
Ficurp 41.—Argulus mississippiensis: a, Accessory organs of last three legs of male;
b, respiratory areas; c, ribs of suction cups.
510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
roughly rectangular in shape; anal sinus deep, sides flaring on female
and in contact on male, lobes pointed with anal furcae simulating a
second more median tip to the lobes of the abdomen; anterior end of
abdomen square. The whole effect of the animal is very flattened
and leaflike, flecked with brown.
The lateral hook on the antennae is curved in an arc instead of
being more sharply bent; anterior hook curved as well as the spine
on the midventral surface of the hook. Spine at base of first antennae
small, those near midline of body larger, all sharp. Tip of first
antennae biramous, second antennae short.
Suction cups small, edge supported by ribs composed of three or
four rods, with slight indications of others; about four triangular
lappets on the edge of the disk between the ribs (fig. 41, ¢). Second
maxillae short and stout, basal plate with sharp teeth; anterior pair
of postmaxillary spines very small, posterior pair hardly discernible
or lacking.
Swimming appendages with flagella on the two anterior pairs.
Each of the first three pairs on the female with posterior ventral
ridges or lobes on the coxa progressively larger toward the third one.
Fourth appendage with a broadly rounded lamella on both the coxa
and basis. Tactile papillae fairly large.
First swimming appendage of the male with a slight ridge across
the posterior ventral edge of the coxa. Second appendage with a
broad irregular lobe on posterior edge of coxa with distal edge longer.
On the dorsal side the posterior edge of the coxa is prolonged into a
machete-shaped flap directed toward the body over the base of the
third appendages (fig. 41, a).
The third appendages have the precoxa somewhat enlarged; pos-
terior ventral edge of the coxa lobed, with the distal edge prolonged
laterally over the basis and the anterior distal edge prolonged as a
flap over it. The toe of the posterior lobe covers the broadened por-
tion of the basis, which contains the socket. There is a slight knob on
the distal anterior end of the endopod.
There are two posterior lamellae on the fourth appendages similar
to those of the female. The peg is very stout but ends in a narrow
curved tip with a blade-shaped chitinous process under the tip. It is
surrounded with a chitinous ridge, as in other species. The smaller
rounded respiratory area fits into a concavity in the side of the semi-
lunar large one that extends to the second maxillae (fig. 41, 6).
The females have been reported to 19 mm. and the males to 12.5 mm.
A. mississippiensis is about as large as A. nobilis but very much more
flattened and expanded. The hosts are Lepisosteus osseus and Cylin-
drosteus platostomus from Fairport, Iowa.
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN Hild
ARGULUS CATOSTOMI Dana and Herrick
Fiaure 42
Argulus catostomit DANA and Herrick, 1837, p. 297, pl. 1, figs. 1-11.—Mirng
Epwarps, 1840, p. 445.—THoRELL, 1865, p. 60.—Wuson, 1902, p. 709, pl. 13.—
THIELE, 1904, p. 25, figs. 53-58.
Carapace orbicular, usually wider than long, about reaching abdo-
men; abdomen relatively small, rounded, with sinus one-fifth to one-
third the length. First antennae without spine at the base or on
ventral surface of hook; anterior knob present, flagellum with seta
opposing the distal segments; second antennae without a spine at the
base, spine present near midline of body. The respiratory areas are
composed of the smaller rounded one set in a notch mesially, about
the middle of the larger, and about opposite the second maxillae (fig.
42, a). The females have been reported up to 12 mm. long and the
males to 6 mm.
:
ah
WIGURE 42.—Argulus catostomi: a, Respiratory areas; b, male accessory organs of last
three legs; c, ribs of suction cups.
Ey PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
Suction cups supported by a series of seven to nine short rods becom-
ing progressively smaller toward the edge of the rim, distal ones with
only one side of rod thickened giving a C-shaped effect (fig. 42, c).
Second maxillae stout, basal plate broad with three (sometimes two or
four) broad stout teeth on the edge, lateral tooth stouter than others;
the usual two pairs of postmaxillary spines absent.
The swimming appendages have flagella. Female with a flat lamella
on the basis of the fourth appendages and a somewhat boot-shaped
lamella on the coxa. There is a slight widening of the coxa of the
third appendage to form a posterior ridge.
Second appendage of male has the usual posterior armored pad on
coxa, which is peculiar in that it is highest on the distal end of the coxa
and forms a saddle to fit over the next appendage. The third append-
age has a flap on the anterior distal edge of the coxa extending over
the basis to the exopod (fig. 42, 6). From the posterior of the same
segment extends a battle-ax-shaped fiap over the fourth appendage
and laterally over the basis covering the lobe containing the socket.
The exopod has a knee at the base. The fourth appendage has the
usual peg with a small prolongation to form the tip which is some-
what enlarged with a ridge around the base. The posterior surface
of the coxa is prolonged into a boot-shaped flap.
This species has been taken on carp (Cyprinus carpio) at Fairbury,
Ill.; from Hrimyzon. sucetta oblongus at Warren, Mass.; Catostomus
commersonit at New Haven, Conn., Woods Hole, Mass., and Lake
Champlain and Oneida Lake, N. Y.; and on C. commersonit, C. nigri-
cans, and @. catostomus in Lake Maxinkuckee, Ind. In Connecticut
and Massachusetts it was found in brackish water, but in fresh water
elsewhere.
ARGULUS APPENDICULOSUS Wilson
Figure 43
Argulus appendiculosus Witson, 1907, p. 419, pl. 32, figs. 28-30.
Argulus biramosus BErE, 1931, p. 428, figs. 1-7.
Carapace slightly longer than wide, reaching abdomen in male,
shorter on female; cephalic area not prominent. Abdomen spindle-
shaped, lobes pointed; anal furcae almost basal, diverging laterally
and truncated; sinus about half the length of the abdomen. The
respiratory areas consist of a small mesial rounded one fitted into a
notch in the larger lateral one (fig. 48, 6). The male has been reported
up to about 10 mm. in length and the female considerably larger.
First antennae with no anterior knob, no spine on ventral median
surface or at base; flagellum biramous. Second antennae with no
spine at base, spine near midline long and blunt, flagellum well sup-
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN SB le
plied with setae. Suction cups about one-fifth width of carapace, rim
supported by ribs with two segments, edge with truncated lobes armed
with delicate setae as opposed to triangular lobes of other species (fig.
43,a). Second maxillae with blunt teeth and two pairs of blunt post-
maxillary spines near midline.
a
Ficurp 43.—Argulus appendiculosus: a, Ribs of suction cups; 6, respiratory areas; c¢,
male accessory organs of last three legs.
Swimming appendages with flagella, female with boot-shaped
lamella posteriorly, which extends beyond the margin of the abdo-
men; on the male the lamella is prolonged and turned anteriorly
so that the end is parallel with the anterior edge of the fourth ap-
pendages. The second appendage of the male has a broad lobe on
the posterior ventral edge of the coxa, which is slightly prolonged
laterally with long setae on it (fig. 43, ¢). On the third appendage
the coxa has a triangular lamella extending over the basis and a
posterior one also projecting laterally. The posterior surface of
the basis beneath the lateral lobe of the posterior lamella is slightly
enlarged to accommodate the socket with its opening directed dor-
sally. The basal joint of the endopod of the fourth appendage is
broad and the terminal joint abbreviated on most mature males.
The peg consists of a typical pear-shaped organ with a narrow tip
directed laterally; around the base is the usual chitinous ridge run-
ning obliquely across the basis; posteriorly this segment is rounded
into a lobe. The posterior lamella has already been mentioned.
The hosts and localities are as follows: Sucker (Catostomus sp.),
Montpelier, Vt.; Zctalurus punctatus, grunt, Cumberland Falls, Ky.;
514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yoL, 88
Micropterus salmoides, Ictiobus cyprinella, I. bulbalus, Fairport,
Towa; Dorosoma cepedianum, Promoxis annularis, Roccus chrysops,
yellow perch (Perca flavescens), Little Star Lake, Wis.; Catostomus
commersonii, Shenandoah River, Strasburg, Va.; Ameturus nebulosus
in Lake Erie; and on catfish in Lake Dallas, Tex.
The remains of specimens of béramosus in the U. S. National
Museum are identical in every respect with appendiculosus.
ARGULUS LEPIDOSTEI Kellicott
FIGuRE 44
Argulus lepidostei KEtiicott, 1877, p. 214, figs. 1, 2—-WILsoNn, 1902, p. 712, pl. 16;
1916, p. 351, pl. 62, figs. 16-19, pls. 64, 65.—Tuieze, 1904, p. 27.
Carapace elliptical, covering third appendages on female, almost
to abdomen of male; abdomen ovate, broad at top on male, covering
base of fourth appendages of both sexes; anal sinus deep, anal furcae
over halfway from base, tips rounded. The respiratory areas ex-
tend only as far forward as the second maxillae. The smaller one
is set in a notch in the upper mesial side of the larger with a second
notch below it and a widened posterior portion (fig. 44, b).
Figurn 44.—Argulus lepidostei: a, Male accessory organs of last three legs; 0, respiratory
areas; c, ribs of suction cups.
First antennae with the lateral hook curved back, the anterior
hook and midventral spine present, but no spine at the base. The
tip of the flagellum is opposed by a slender branch. A larger spine
is located at the base of the second antennae and a very large one
near the midline of the body. ‘The basal segments are not very stout.
The suctions cups are large and close together; rims supported by ribs
made up of a series of eight or nine short rods progressively smaller
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 515
toward the edge (fig. 44, ¢). Marginal lappets long and slender.
Second maxillae with a narrow basal plate, teeth standing out
abruptly from it and very sharp. Two median pairs of spines very
sharp, proximal tooth on plate more widely separated than other two.
Swimming appendages with flagella. Prominent boot-shaped
lamella on posterior surface of fourth appendage of female, tactile
papillae prominent and long. Male second appendages with a very
broad thin lamella on ventral posterior edge of coxa extending con-
siderably back over the next appendage with a lateral prolongation
of distal edge. Third appendages with a long somewhat triangular
flap on the anterior surface extending from the distal end of the
coxa over the basis to the base of the exopod. The basis is rounded
posteriorly where the socket is located; there is a slight protuber-
ance on the ventral side of this segment. The fourth appendage has
a boot-shaped lamella of considerable size without a heel. The peg
is located on the distal edge of the basis near the origin of the exopod
and is pear-shaped, with a broad base and a narrow short projection
laterally (fig. 44, a). Around the base obliquely across the segment
is a chitinous ridge armed with short spines. The male opening is
indicated by a stout cylindrical papilla at the end of the thorax
between the appendages.
Females have been reported up to 11 mm. and males to 8 mm.
Found on Cylindrosteus platostomus and Lepisosteus osseus at De-
fiance, Ohio; Fairport, Iowa; New York Aquarium (probably from
Southern States) ; Buffalo, N. Y.; Kingston (State not indicated by
Thiele) ; and Put-in-Bay, Ohio. Specimens were collected at Reel-
foot Lake by Dr. C. L. Baker from the short-nose gar (Lepisosteus
sp.). Dr. Bangham collected them in Florida on the spotted gar
(Lepisosteus sp.) at Naples and in the Everglades Canal at Wood-
mere and Englewood.
ARGULUS NOBILIS Thiele
Ficure 45
Argulus nobilis THIELE, 1904, p. 28, figs. 64-76.
Argulus ingens WiILson, 1912b, p. 233, pl. 30, pl. 31, fig. 7.
Argulus nobilis var. ingens Wiison, 1924, p. 2.
Carapace elliptical; cephalic area prominent in male, not so prom-
inent in female; sinus extending to the middle of carapace or beyond;
alae reaching to the edge of the abdomen. Abdomen heart-shaped
in female, with anterolateral projections in male; anal sinus extend-
ing almost to middle of abdomen in male, reaching middle in female;
tips of abdomen pointed, sides of sinus flaring; anal furcae one-third
516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
to one-half distance to the base of sinus. Respiratory area as in
figure 45, a.
First antennae with anterior hook and a ventral spine, none at
base; flagellum with biramous tip, one branch secondarily branched;
second antennae with spine at base; third spine near midline.
Suction cups with 12 to 14 segments in ribs supporting the rim
(fig. 45, 6). Second maxillae stout, rounded papilla on posterior
ventral surface of third joint opposing claws of terminal joint on
male; basal plate with three sharp teeth, papilla small and round,
armed with long setae; two pairs of postmaxillary spines sharp.
i
i i
(ilk WH /
FIGURE 45.—Argulus nobilis: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; ¢c, accessory
organs of last three legs of male.
First two pairs of swimming legs with flagella; anterior distal end
of proximal segment of endopod with a fingerlike projection; boot-
shaped lamella on posterior coxa of fourth legs of female, lamella
merely prolonged laterally on the male. Male first appendage with
posterior lamella on coxa and a row of setae along posterior ventral
edge; second appendage with usual bilobed lamella on coxa but distal
end with perpendicular papilla, proximal part of lamella saddle-
shaped from a lateral view (fig. 45, ¢) ; coxa of third has a long finger-
like flap extending from the anterior distal edge of the segment over
the basis to the expod; posteriorly the coxa is fringed with long setae.
The socket is indicated by a rounded pocket on the posterior margin
of the basis; the endopod is bent posteriorly at its origin and bowed
anteriorly toward the joint. The fourth appendage has a lamella
bearing setae on the posterior edge of the coxa, which is prolonged
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 517
laterally almost to the base of the endopod. The basis has a slight
posterior rounded prominence with a few setae. The peg is set firmly
on the anterior distal edge of the basis near the base of the exopod. It
has the usual chitinous ridge running obliquely across the segment
around its base; two rounded papillae indicate the opening of the
ejaculatory duct at the end of the thorax. On the thorax of the male
between the second and third swimming appendages is a pair of tri-
angular flaplike structures, with the points of the flap directed
anteriorly on each side of the body near the base of the appendage.
Length of female up to 25 mm., males about 16 mm. The hosts are
the alligator gar (Atractosteus tristoechus), from Louisiana, Texas,
and Mississippi, and the long-nosed gar (Lepisosteus osseus), from
Ocean Pond, Lake City, Fla.
ARGULUS BICOLOR Bere
FIGureE 46
Argulus bicolor Bern, 1936, p. 580, pl. 2, figs. 17-23.
Carapace longer than wide, rounding forward into lateral sinuses,
cephalic area projecting forward prominently, posterior sinus broad;
alae reaching fourth swimming appendages of female, extending onto
abdomen in male; last thoracic segment broad, attached to abdomen
by a slender neck; anterior respiratory area small, slightly oblong,
posterior one about the same width, three times as long and slightly
curved (fig. 46, a). Abdomen about one-third covered by carapace
in male, anal sinus nearly half its length, papillae inconspicuous;
anal sinus of female more than half the length of abdomen.
a
Ficurn 46.—Argulus bicolor: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; c, male
accessory organs of last three legs.
518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Antennae somewhat compressed with a prominent anterior hook,
lateral hook curved back on itself; spine at base of first antennae
larger than those at base of second antennae and on ventral surface
of lateral hook, postantennal spines still larger, all three very broad;
second antennae long. Suction cups occupying almost full width of
carapace; ribs composed of 6 to 10 imbricate plates and an elongate
basal segment (fig. 46, 6). Second maxillae with two mesial spines
of basal plate fairly sharp and short, lateral one broader with the
spinous pad extending onto it. Postmaxillary spines very prominent.
Swimming appendages short, without flagella, very broad dorso-
ventrally; first, second, and third progressively longer, fourth short
and stout, unmodified except broad coxa on male; female with bilobed
natatory lobe on coxa; precoxa not apparent except natatory lobes,
which are prominent and extend posteriorly in the male.
Slight concavity on coxa of second swimming appendages with
minute spines around the edge. The socket is a large rounded con-
cavity on the coxa of the third appendages that fits over a swollen
anterior surface of the coxa on the fourth leg rather than being a
true peg. The precoxa is indicated by a somewhat triangular swim-
ming lobe closely attached behind the abdomen (fig. 46, ¢).
Taken on the needlefish (Strongylura notata) and sand bream
(Archosargus wnimaculatus) in Lemon Bay, on the Gulf coast of
Florida.
ARGULUS FUSCUS Bere
FIGURE 47
Argulus fuscus BERE, 1936, p. 578, pl. 1, figs. 2-10.
Carapace elongate, lateral sinuses shallow, cephalic area well
marked; carapace reaching onto abdomen; posterior sinus about one-
fourth its length, very narrow. Anterior respiratory area oblong,
posterior one considerably wider and flaring to double the width of
the anterior portion about halfway back (fig. 47, a@). In the male the
abdomen is about one-third the total length, somewhat rectangular
in shape, sinus shallow, sides flaring, anal furcae basal, testes very
long, reaching sinus; abdomen oblong in female, with sinus reaching
over half its length.
Antennae with a prominent anterior hook, tip of lateral hook
curved back on itself, flagellum of first and second antennae extend-
ing beyond lateral hook, which is short. Ventral spine prominent,
basal spines of first and second antennae much smaller than post-
antennal spines. Suction cups with ribs composed of 6 or 7 imbricate
plates and a rectangular segment (fig. 47, 6) in male and 12 to 14 in
female, with the basal segment almost square. Second maxillae
REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 519
with two mesial spines of basal plate narrow and blunt, distal one
broad; postmaxillary spines long.
Swimming appendages about the same length, quite stout in male,
elongate in female; without flagella. Two anterior appendages of
male unmodified. Third one with a rounded knob on the dorsal
anterior side of the coxa, basis elongate with the socket extending
FIGURD 47.—Argulus fuscus: a, Respiratory areas ; 0, ribs of suction cups; c, male accessory
organs of last two legs.
along the full length of the posterior edge, which is drawn out into a
ventral flap. Fourth appendages of male very short and broad
dorsoventrally. Peg a large knob on the anterior surface of the
coxa; basis stout and horny, with a ridge forming a cup around the
peg. Precoxa a triangular-shaped segment with base of triangle
directed posteriorly and slightly lobed to form a natatory lobe
(fig. 47, c); in female modified into a boot-shaped natatory lobe
posteriorly.
Taken on hogfish (Orthopristis chrysopterus) and silver perch
(Bairdiella chrysura) in Lemon Bay, Gulf coast of Florida.
LITERATURE CITED
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1930. The parasitic copepods of the fish of the Passamaquoddy region.
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1908. Beitriige zur Kenntnis des Baues und der systematischen Stellung
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REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 521
LEYDIG, FRANZ,
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THOMSEN, RICARDO.
1925. “Argulus violaceus” nov. spec. Cangrejo parasite del bagre. Physis,
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Tripp, WILBUR METELLUS.
1931. A list of parasitic copepods and their fish hosts from Lake Hrie.
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TOKIOKA, TAKASI.
1936a. Preliminary report on Argulidae found in Japan. Annot. Zool. Jap.,
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL, 88
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1935b.
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YAMAGUTI,
1937.
North American parasitic copepods of the family Argulidae, with a
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O
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington: 1940 No. 3088
THE ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF THE SUBFAMILY NEORHAC-
ODINAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND
THREE NEW SPECIES
By R. A. CusHmMan
‘Tue three species of Neorhacodinae described herein bring the
Nearctic and Neotropical regions into the known distribution of this
anomalous subfamily of Ichneumonidae, add a new genus, and
increase to four the number of known species.
Subfamily Neorhacodinae
Rhacodinae RuscHxKa, Archiv fiir Naturg., vol. 88, Abt. A, Heft 5, p. 188, fig. 8,
(June) 1922.
Neorhacodinae Hrpickn, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., p. 427, (Dec.) 1922.—WAtTERS?TON,
Entomologist, vol. 62, p. 97, fig. 1, 1929.
Neorchacodinae (Ruschka) RoMAN, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 44, Heft 3-4, p. 170, fig. 1,
1923.
Neorhacodidae HAnpiirscH, Handbuch der Entomologie, vol. 3, p. 742, fig. 616,
1925.—FAHRINGER, Opuscula braconologica, vol. 1 (Lief. 1), p. 16, 1925.—
BiscHorr, Die Biologie der Hymenopteren, p. 11, 1927.—HANDLIrSoH,
Handbuch der Zoologie, vol. 4, Insecta 2, p. 962, fig. 1057, 1933.
Microgasterinae SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Die Hymenopteren Nord- und Mitteleuropas,
p. 359, fig. 61, 1930 (part).
Neorhacodinae (Handlirsch) FAHRINGER, Opuscula braconologica, vol. 4 (Lief.
1-3), p. 3, 1935.
Under the name Ahacodes the typical genus was originally de-
scribed by Ruschka from a specimen reared as a parasite of the wasp
Spilomena troglodytes Lind. Ruschka placed the genus in the Bra-
conidae and erected for it the new subfamily Rhacodinae.
Hedicke, finding Rhacodes Ruschka preoccupied by the crustacean
genus Rhacodes Koch, renamed it Neorhacodes and changed the sub-
family name to Neorhacodinae.
201710—40 523
524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
Roman, tracing the missing wing veins by reflected light, concluded
the genus to be ichneumonid and placed it in the Pimplinae.
Handlirsch (1925 and 1933) elevated the subfamily to family rank
and for unexplained reasons dropped it between the Aphidiidae and
Stephanidae.
Fahringer (1925) followed Handlirsch in treating the group as &
family but later (1933) reduced it to subfamily rank in the Bra-
conidae, where he related it to the Helconinae and Microgasterinae.
His reason for so doing appears to have been convenience, which he
permitted to outweigh the natural relationship pointed out by Roman.
Waterston also recognized Veorhacodes as ichneumonid and, while
agreeing that Roman might be correct in placing it in the Pimplinae,
suggested possible relationship to the Tryphoninae.
Bischoff, also recognizing it as an ichneumonid, agreed with Roman
that it should stand close to the Pimplinae but did not place it defi-
nitely in that subfamily.
Schmiedeknecht, using the original name Rhacodes, placed the
genus at the end of the Microgasterinae without including it in his
key to the genera of that subfamily.
Roman, Bischoff, and Waterston are obviously correct in placing
this curious genus in the Ichneumonidae rather than in the Braconi-
dae. As shown by the figures published by Roman and Waterston
the positions of all the typical veins of the ichneumonid wings can be
seen by reflected light, except the intercubiti, which are eliminated
by the confluence of radius and cubitus. One detail of the venation
that both Roman and Waterston figured, but which neither men-
tioned, is the presence of the intercubitella instead of basella. This
is an ichneumonid character.
In my opinion both Roman and Waterston were correct, if Glypta
is allowed to stand in the Pimplini and the Mesoleptini are to be
considered as tryphonine, for Veorhacodes belongs to the great com-
plex of internally parasitic ichneumonids, characterized by the dor-
sally notched ovipositor (fig. 48) and including such apparently
divergent groups as the Lissonotini and most of the Ophioninae and
Mesoleptini. Despite their divergence I believe these three groups are
more closely related to one another than are the Lissonotini to the
rest of the Ichneumoninae or the Mesoleptini to the Tryphonini.
Within this complex Neorhacodes most closely resembles the Lis-
sonotini, but the anomalous venation, the 18-jointed antennae, and
the unusual host relation justify recognition of the group in at least
the tribal rank. For the present I prefer to retain the subfamily
status.
ICHNEUMONID SUBFAMILY NEORHACODINAE—CUSHMAN 525
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NEORHACODINAE
1. Tergites 1-38 with distinct transverse furrows__—___-___-__________________ 2
Tergites 1-3 without transverse furrows (Brazil).
Romaniella exsulcatus, new genus and species
2. Antenna subclavate, penultimate joint as thick as long; ovipositor barely
extending beyond apex of abdomen, sheath hardly as long as first tergite
(FAM I7ZOMa)) Mate 3 oS ee OS TE Neorhacodes brevicauda, new species
Antenna filiform, penultimate joint distinctly longer than thick; ovipositor
strongly exserted, sheath half or more as long as abdomen______________ 3
3. Sheath of ovipositor half as long as abdomen (Europe).
Neorhacodes enslini (Ruschka)
Sheath three-fourths as long as abdomen (Colorado).
Neorhacodes longicauda, new species
Genus NEQRHACODES Hedicke
Rhacodes RuscHKA, Archiv fiir Naturg., vol. 88, Abt. A, Heft 5, p. 138, fig. 8,
(June) 1922.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Die Hymenopteren Nord- und Mitteleuro-
pas, p. 309, fig. 61, 1930. (Preoccupied by Rhacodes Koch, 1856.)
Neorhacodes HepIcKE, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., p. 427, 1922—HaAnpiinscH, Hand-
buch der Entomologie, vol. 3, p. 742, 1925.—FAHRINGER, Opuscula bracono-
logica, vol. 1 (Lief. 1), p. 16, 1925.—Ha4npiirsca, Handbuch der Zoologie,
vol. 4, Insecta 2, p. 962, fig. 1057, 1933.—Fanrinemr, Opuscula braconologica,
vol. 4 (Lief. 1-8), p. 3, 1935.
Neorhacodes (Ruschka) Roman, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 44, Heft 3-4, p. 170, fig. 1,
1923.
Abdomen longitudinally striate or striato-shagreened, tergites 1-3
with deep transverse furrows, first tergite without longitudinal fur-
rows apically; differing in these respects from the new genus Ro-
maniella.
NEQRHACODES ENSLINI (Ruschka)
Rhacodes enslint RuscuKa, Archiv ftir Naturg., vol. 88, Abt. A, Heft 5, p. 138,
fig. 8, 1922.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Die Hymenopieren Nord- und Mitteleuropas,
p. 359, fig. 61, 1930.
Neorhacedes enslini (Ruschka) Hepickr, Deutsche Hnt. Zeitschr., p. 427, 1922.—
RoMAN, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 44, Heft 3-4, p. 170, fig. 1, 1923—HANpriRScH,
Handbuch der Entomologie, vol. 5, p. 742, 1925.—Watrrston, Entomologist,
vol. 62, p. 97, fig. 1, 1929—HanpLinscH, Handbuch der Zoologie, yol. 4,
Insecta 2, p. 962, fig. 1057, 1933.—FAHRINGER, Opuscula braconologica, vol. 4
(Lief. 1-3), p. 3, 1935.
During his visit to Washington in 1928 Waterston showed me the
specimen on which his note was based. At that time I had no other
specimen of the genus to compare with it for specific differences. The
original and only description of enslinz fits the new species described
below as longicauda very closely except in the shorter ovipositor, the
basally smoother third and fourth tergites, and the basally pale
flagellum and paler legs.
All (3) of the specimens of enslini that have been recorded were
associated with the minute wasp Spilomena troglodytes Lind.
526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
NEORHACODES LONGICAUDA, new species
Female—Length 2.5 mm.
Head broader than thorax, shagreened; temples convexly receding;
frons evenly convex, scrobes weakly impressed; eyes shorter than
width of face, parallel within; face medially elevated and more shin-
ing; clypeus as long as face, shining, with a fringe of setae, each seta
set in a deep puncture; malar space as long as basal width of
mandible; antenna filiform, all flagellar joimts longer than thick.
Thorax shagreened; pronotum in scrobe and mesopleuron above
middle polished, the latter with a longitudinal elevation at about the
middle; propodeum with median and lateral carinae strong, but api-
cal carina weak.
Ficure 48.—Tip of ovipositor of Neorhacodes longicauda, new species.
Abdomen striato-shagreened, extreme apices of tergites 1-4 and
entire fifth tergite polished; first tergite more strongly striate, trans-
verse groove obsolete medially; tergite 4 with a shallow but distinct
transverse groove, and tergite 5 with a faint trace of a groove; ovi-
positor sheath about three-fourths as long as abdomen.
Black; antenna dark brown, with pedicel paler; legs piceous, front
and middle tibiae and tarsi (except apical joints) stramineous, hind
tibia and tarsus fuscous; wings hyaline, venation dark stramineous,
stigma largely fuscous, paler at base and apex, radix stramineous,
Type locality—Four-mile Hill, 8 miles south of Steamboat
Springs, Colo.
Type.—vU. 8S. N. M. No. 53545.
One specimen from the C. F. Baker collection (No. 2030) captured
by Charles Liebeck.
NEORHACODES BREVICAUDA, new species
Female.—Length 2 mm.
Differs from longicauda as follows: Eyes slightly convergent below,
malar space much shorter than basal width of mandible; antenna
slightly subclavate, penultimate joint as thick as long; apical carina
of propodeum strong; abdomen more coarsely striate, tergites 4 and 5
without traces of tranverse furrows; ovipositor hardly extending
beyond apex of abdomen, sheath hardly as long as first tergite.
Color as in longicauda.
Male—Except in slightly smaller size, differs hardly at all from
female.
Type locality.—Uittlefield, Ariz.
Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 53546.
ICHNEUMONID SUBFAMILY NEORHACODINAE—CUSHMAN 9527
One female (type) and one of unknown sex (apex of abdomen
gone) collected on Covillea tridentata Vail, April 15, 1932, at the
type locality; and one male (allotype) from the C. F. Baker collec-
tion (No. 2064) taken at Tucson, Ariz., May 20, 1896, by R. E.
Kinze.
ROMANIELLA, new genus
Differs from Neorhacodes Hedicke only in its entire lack of trans-
verse furrows on the abdomen, in having the abdomen uniformly
shagreened and mat without any longitudinal striation, and by the
presence on each side of the first tergite of a narrow longitudinal
groove extending forward from the posterior margin.
Genotype —Romaniella exsulcatus, new species.
I take pleasure in dedicating this interesting genus to Dr. A.
Roman, of the Stockholm Museum, in appreciation of his many cour-
tesies and of his discriminating studies on the Ichneumonidae.
ROMANIELLA EXSULCATUS, new species
Female—Length 2 mm.
Head broader than thorax, finely shagreened and mat; temples con-
vex, receding; frons weakly convex; eyes slightly shorter than width
of face, parallel; face medially polished and slightly elevated; clyp-
eus polished, longer than face, apex with a fringe of setae, the setif-
erous punctures inconspicuous; malar space hardly as long as basal
vidth of mandible; antenna weakly subclavate, penultimate joint
as thick as long.
Thorax mat, shagreened, mesopleuron posteriorly and metapleuron
more shining; notaulices faintly impressed; longitudinal and apical
carinae of propodeum moderately strong.
Abdomen uniformly shagreened, more coarsely so than thorax, only
narrow apices of tergites 1-4 and the whole of 5 polished; ovipositor
sheath nearly two-thirds as long as abdomen.
Black; antenna stramineous at base, becoming gradually darker
to brown at apex: legs stramineous, coxae and hind femur pice-
ous, hind tibia apically and apical tarsal joints fuscous; wings hya-
line, venation and radix stramineous, stigma piceous with base and
apex pale.
Type locality —Campinas, Sio Paulo, Brazil.
Type—U.S.N.M. No. 53547.
One female reared from an old cotton boll, September 25, 1932, by
H. F. G. Sauer.
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U, S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3089
NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF KENTUCKY
By ALEXANDER WETMORE
As a third project in the program to obtain specimens of birds
and mammals for the United States National Museum from the
eastern part of our country, the Museum carried on field work in
1938 in the State of Kentucky. W. M. Perrygo, of the Museum staff,
continued in charge of the field party. During the spring he was
assisted by James Cole and in the fall by Herbert G. Deignan, of
the division of birds, and by Gregor Rohwer. The party left Wash-
ington on April 15 and remained in the field until July 15. In the
fall, work began on September 15 and ended on November 15.
In the following account I have presented the results of a study
of the birds obtained, with records of all specimens taken. Also I
have included reference to a few other specimens from Kentucky in
the U. S. National Museum. Most of these were taken by Charles
Wickliffe Beckham near Bardstown, Nelson County, and came many
years ago as a gift from the collector. For a long time these skins
constituted the only material from Kentucky in the collection. While
Beckham, published his observations? it is pertinent to check the
identification of these specimens so far as they are available accord-
ing to modern understanding of the species covered. ‘There are also
a few skins prepared by Edgar Alexander Mearns at Lexington (in
November and December 1898) and casual specimens from other
sources.
1A list of the birds of Bardstown, Nelson Co., Kentucky. Journ. Cincinnati Soe. Nat.
Hist., vol. 4, July 1883, pp. 136-147.
List of the birds of Nelson County. Kentucky Geol. Surv. (issued Sept. 1885, aecord-
ing to an entry made on the cover of the copy in the division of birds, U. 8S. National
Museum), pp. 1—58.
529
203705—40——_1
530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88
The data from this material are made available here for those
who may be working on a list of the birds of the State or who are
interested in the general distribution and occurrence of birds in this
area. I have made no search of literature for other records, as assem-
bly of that information is properly the field of others. In some cases
I have included notes made by our field representatives where speci-
mens were not taken.
With previous material from West Virginia and Tennessee avail-
able identification of the Kentucky collection has offered no particu-
lar difficulties. The State is one of large extent, so that in some
cases there has been representation of both eastern and western forms
of the same species. Some southern races come in along the southern
border, particularly in the southwestern counties, but in the main
Kentucky is north of the area of intergradation of most species
having both northern and southern forms. Much work remains to
be done on the distribution of birds everywhere through the State,
but it is hoped that the account herewith will prove useful to those
engaged in such investigations.
The work was made possible through permits issued by Major
James Brown, director, Division of Game and Fish, of the Depart-
ment of Conservation of Kentucky. We are under much obligation
to Major Brown for his cooperation and to the enforcement officers
under his direction who were universally helpful. The Department
of Highways of Kentucky cooperated in issuing a set of official State
license plates for the truck used for travel, required because of the
length of stay of the party.
The expenses of the party in the field were carried by the income
of the W. L. Abbott Fund of the Smithsonian Institution.
Throughout the entire period of work our men received the most
courteous treatment, particularly in the privilege that was given them
of entering private lands in order to make the necessary collections.
We are deeply indebted for this friendly assistance without which the
work would not have been possible.
The itinerary for the work was arranged so as to visit the eastern
and western areas in both spring and fall, in order to get as repre-
sentative a collection as one season’s work would permit. The field
party had available a small closed truck, which allowed them to
cover a much wider area than would otherwise have been possible.
Field investigations began April 19, 1938, at Brandenburg in Meade
County, with the weather cool but clear. This region covered the level
bottomlands near the Ohio River and the rolling hills of the uplands
where there were woods of cedar and oak. Through special permission
investigations were made in an extensive tract of land under develop-
ment for a national park at Rock Haven, where there was much of inter-
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE onl
est. On May 4 the party moved to Union County with a base at Hen-
derson, to remain until May 19. Collections were made principally
near Waverly in low country where there were cypress swamps and
ponds, and in the vicinity of Uniontown near the Ohio River. Some
material was taken in the open fields about Corydon.
On May 20 Perrygo moved to Hickman in the extreme southwestern
corner of the State, remaining until June 1. In this region arms of
Reelfoot Lake extend across the State line from Tennessee. The work
centered mainly in the swamps of this section and in the adjacent higher
ground around the edges of the many cottonfields. By wading some
distance it was possible to reach an island in the northern arms of the
lake. The cypress growth was especiaily fine. On June 1 the men
examined the small neck of land belonging to Fulton County that hes
in a bend of the Mississippi River below New Madrid, Mo., where it is
cut off from the rest of the State by a southward extension of Missouri.
On June 2 work was moved to Monticello, where until June 18 Perrygo
covered Wayne County, collecting near Monticello, Coopersville, and
Rockybranch, with one trip into McCreary County in the vicinity of
Stearns. There were woods of pine and oak here that extended over
rolling ridges and higher knobs, with other types of woodland in the
creek bottoms.
Near Cumberland a base was established in an abandoned C. C. C.
camp on June 20, and from here collections were made on Black Moun-
tain, which rises to 4,150 feet and is the highest mountain in the State.
Most of the work was done between 3,800 and 4,100 feet. There were
no spruce or balsam trees on this mountain, and typical Canadian Zone
conditions were lacking. Rain and cold storms came regularly and
interfered with studies to some extent. Some specimens were obtained
also on the long ridge of Pine Mountain southeast of Whitesburg.
On July 2 the party removed to Belfry, a mining town, and located
at a tourist camp, remaining until July 10. From this point Perrygo
crossed into West Virginia to obtain a few additional specimens wanted,
under a permit issued for the purpose by the Conservation Commission
of West Virginia through H. W. Shawhan. In the meanwhile Cole
remained in the Kentucky area.
On leaving here the men made camp near Fullerton beside an Indian
mound on the bank of the Ohio River and remained until July 14.
Weather continued stormy at intervals with heavy hail, and on the day
before they left a strong wind blew over their tents. From this point
the party returned to Washington for the summer.
For the fall season Perrygo had as assistants Herbert G. Deignan, of
the division of birds, and Gregor Rohwer, employed specially for this
work. On September 16 this party located in Middlesboro to work
principally on Log Mountain, which lies 7 miles west. Here the writer
532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
joined them from September 28 to 25, the rest remaining until Septem-
ber 29. The American Association Coal Co. gave permission for work —
on its lands here. Log Mountain is covered with deciduous forest. and
is rather dry, but good collections both of birds and mammals were
made between 2,000 and 2,900 feet elevation. Some specimens were
taken in the lowlands southeast of Middlesboro.
On October 1 the party was established south of the town of Berea
and continued investigations here in Rockcastle and Madison Counties,
near Mount Vernon, Berea, and Richmond, until October 7. A con-
siderable part of this area is poorly drained so that there are many
wet meadows, making conditions for small birds excellent. From
October 7 to 9 the men where located at Morehead, Rowan County,
where they had the cooperation of Prof. Wilfred A. Welter, of State
Teachers College, in selecting desirable areas for work. From here
they continued to the Ohio River below Covington to record the fall
migration, collecting until October 15 near Ghent and English in
Carroll County, near Burlington and Florence in Boone County, near
Warsaw in Gallatin County, and near Bedford in Trimble County.
The bottomlands along the Ohio and the bluffs and rolling hills inland
gave a diversified terrain in which were many birds.
On October 16 they removed to Madisonville, where special atten-
tion was given to cypress swamps and the adjacent areas in Hopkins,
McLean, and Muhlenberg Counties. Collections were made near
Sacramento, South Carrollton, and Madisonville, the region proving
an excellent one. On October 28 a new base was selected at Cadiz
for work in the narrow tract of land between the Tennessee and Cum-
berland Rivers in Trigg County, and at points farther to the east.
Birds were obtained mainly at Canton, with a few specimens from
Golden Pond, Cadiz, Princeton, and Cerulean.
On November 6 Perrygo located at Brownsville for the final work
of the season in the cedar-covered hills, oak woods, and farmlands of
the region near Mammoth Cave. From here collections were made
at Roundhill and Fairview, but most of the material was obtained
near Brownsville. The studies for the season ended on November 14.
Family ARDEIDAE
ARDEA HERODIAS WARDI Ridgway: Ward’s Heron
Two adult females taken on an arm of Reelfoot Lake 414 miles
southwest of Hickman on May 24 and 26 are of this race. Their
measurements might fit either the northern or southern form of great
blue heron, being within the maximum range of the former and the
minimum of the latter, but the color of the neck and of the back is
distinctly pale, which places them with the southern bird. Measure-
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 533
ments of the two are as follows: Wing 465, 473; tail 165,176; culmen
from base 142.3, 144.9; tarsus 169, 185 mm.
The presence of this race in southwestern Kentucky need occasion
no surprise since Ward’s heron is already known as the breeding bird
of Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee.? It is probable that Ward’s heron is
confined in Kentucky to this general region and that the birds recorded
by Perrygo near Uniontown along the Ohio River on May 10 and 13,
and near Waverly on May 9, were the typical great blue heron (Ardea
herodias herodias). This, however, is supposition, as no specimens
were obtained.
CASMERODIUS ALBUS EGRETTA (Gmelin): American Egret
Two beautiful birds in full plumage, male and female, were taken
at an arm of Reelfoot Lake 414 miles southwest of Hickman, May 23.
BUTORIDES VIRESCENS VIRESCENS (Linnaeus): Eastern Green Heron
The first one seen was found near Brandenburg on April 28. At
Uniontown one was taken near the Ohio River on May 18, and at
Waverly another was secured on May 16. One was shot near Rocky-
branch, Wayne County, June 8, and another was seen near Stearns,
McCreary County, June 16. In fall one was recorded near the Ohio
west of Burlington on October 10.
BOTAURUS LENTIGINOSUS (Montagu): American Bittern
A male was taken near the Ohio River 6 miles west of Burlington
on October 10.
Family CATHARTIDAE
CATHARTES AURA SEPTENTRIONALIS Wied: Eastern Turkey Vulture
This widely distributed bird was observed at many localities. One
specimen was taken, a male, 4 miles southwest of Warsaw on October
12. A flock was seen on this occasion. The wing in this bird meas-
ures only 521 mm., but the outer primaries seem to have been molted
recently and are probably not quite grown, so that the measurement
would have been increased somewhat. The tail is 245 mm.
CORAGYPS ATRATUS (Meyer): Black Vulture
Records for this southern species are as follows: Hickman, May 31
(specimen) ; Cerulean Springs, Trigg County, November 5; Round-
hill, Butler County, November 7 and 12; Brandenburg, April 22;
and Warsaw, October 12. None were observed in the more eastern
sections of the State. The bird taken, a female, has a wing measure-
ment of 412 mm.
2 Ganier, A. F., Tennessee Avifauna No. 2, Feb. 1933, p. 12.
534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
Family ACCIPITRIDAE
ACCIPITER STRIATUS VELOX (Wilson): Sharp-shinned Hawk
Two immature birds were taken near Canton, November 1, and
11 miles south of Brownsville, November 11. One was seen on Shady
Spur, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, on September 17.
BUTEO JAMAICENSIS BOREALIS (Gmelin): Eastern Red-tailed Hawk
During the breeding season one of these hawks was seen on June 10
near Monticello, and others at about 4,000 feet elevation on Black
Mountain, 4 miles southeast of Lynch, June 25 and 30. On Log
Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, one or two were seen on nearly
every visit between September 19 and 26. An adult and an immature
bird were taken here. The only other one recorded was seen near
Canton, Trigg County, on November 1.
BUTEO LINEATUS LINEATUS (Gmelin): Northern Red-shouldered Hawk
Records for this hawk are as follows: Hickman, May 21 and 28;
Canton, November 1; Cerulean Springs, November 5; Madisonville,
October 22; Sacramento, October 17; Uniontown, May 10, 13, and
17; Waverly, May 12; Belfry, Pike County, July 5.
Two males and one female, taken near the northern extremity of
Reelfoot Lake, 414 miles southwest of Hickman, in dark color are
typical of the northern race. They measure as follows: Males, wing
308, 309, tail 191, 205, culmen from cere 21.5, 22.5, tarsus 80.5,
85.6 mm.; female, wing 342, tail 204, culmen from cere 23.1, tarsus
88.7 mm. A young male not quite grown was taken from the nest
at this point on May 28. Near Uniontown a female was shot on
May 13 that is in the streaked plumage of the immature stage, con-
siderably worn.
CIRCUS CYANEUS HUDSONIUS (Linnaeus): Marsh Hawk
Single birds were seen at Roundhill on November 9 and near Rich-
mond on October 4.
PANDION HALIAETUS CAROLINENSIS: Osprey
One was seen at Rock Haven, Meade County, April 25.
Family FALCONIDAE
FALCO PEREGRINUS ANATUM Bonaparte: Duck Hawk
One was seen 4 miles east of Monticello, June 14.
FALCO COLUMBARIUS COLUMBARIUS Linnaeus: Eastern Pigeon Hawk
One was seen on September 22 by H. G. Deignan near the fire tower
on the summit of Log Mountain west of Middlesboro.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 535
FALCO SPARVERIUS SPARVERIUS Linnaeus: Eastern Sparrow Hawk
Found sparingly throughout the State as the following records
indicate: Cerulean Springs, Trigg County, November 5; Waverly,
May 9; Madisonville, October 21 and 22; South Carrollton, October
22; Brandenburg, April 23; Roundhill, November 9; Brownsville,
November 12; Monticello, June 11; Mount Vernon, October 1 and 4;
4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain, 5 miles southeast of Lynch,
June 29; Fullerton, July 13. The majority of the observations were
of one bird or occasionally of two in a day.
Family TETRAONIDAE
BONASA UMBELLUS TOGATA (Linnaeus): Canada Ruffed Grouse
The only one recorded during the present work was seen 5 miles
west of Mount Vernon. As it was not taken its identification to
subspecies is based on supposition only.
Family PERDICIDAE
COLINUS VIRGINIANUS VIRGINIANUS (Linnaeus): Eastern Bobwhite
Of two shot near Bedford, Trimble County, October 13, a male is
typical of the eastern bobwhite, while a female shows a strong infusion
of the characters of the so-called “Mexican” bobwhite that has been
imported so abundantly in the Eastern United States. This hybrid
bird is distinctly grayer above than the native stock, but at the same
time it shows more brown than the introduced bird. Below, the mark-
ings are those of the eastern bobwhite.
Other quail were seen near Corydon, May 14; at Brownsville, No-
vember 8; Golden Pond, Trimble County, November 3; and Rocky-
branch June 18.
COLINUS VIRGINIANUS TEXANUS: Texas Bobwhite
Of this introduced bird, usually called the “Mexican quail,” a typi-
cally marked adult male was shot near Burlington along the Ohio
River on October 10. This specimen has the gray upper surface and
the heavily barred breast characteristic of this form. Major James
Brown, Director, Division of Game and Fish of the Department of
Conservation, informs me that the State authorities have imported
quail from Mexico for years, and also have brought brood stock from
elsewhere in the United States. The present wild stock of bobwhite is
therefore of mixed blood to a high degree.
Family RALLIDAE
FULICA AMERICANA AMERICANA Gmelin: American Coot
One was obtained along the Ohio River near Burlington, October 11.
536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vOL, 88
Family CHARADRIIDAE
OXYECHUS VOCIFERUS VOCIFERUS (Linnaeus): Killdeer
On June 1 an adult male was collected on the bank of the Missis-
sippi River in that small area of land cut off from Fulton County in
the bend of the river directly south of New Madrid, Mo. Two others
were taken at Golden Pond, November 4, and two more at South Car-
rollton, October 25. A number were recorded at Greenup on July
12 and 13. The species is distributed in suitable localities throughout
the State.
Family SCOLOPACIDAE
PHILOHELA MINOR (Gmelin): American Woodcock
Single birds were seen near Ghent, October 14, and at Roundhill,
November 7.
CAPELLA DELICATA (Ord): Wilson’s Snipe
One was seen near Golden Pond on November 3.
ACTITIS MACULARIA (Linnaeus): Spotted Sandpiper
One was taken near Hickman on May 26.
TRINGA SOLITARIA SOLITARIA Wilson: Eastern Solitary Sandpiper
Near Waverly two females were taken on May 9 and another on May
16. These three are all representative of the eastern race, as indicated
by small size and immaculate inner web of the outer primary. The
wing measurements are 127.4, 129.7, and 130 mm.
CATOPTROPHORUS SEMIPALMATUS INORNATUS (Brewster): Western Willet
A female taken on the bank of the Ohio River 2 miles northeast of
Uniontown on May 5 has the following measurements: Wing 210,
tail 84, culmen from base 66.7, tarsus 68.2 mm.
Family COLUMBIDAE
ZENAIDURA MACROURA CAROLINENSIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Mourning Dove
Specimens of the mourning dove were taken as follows: 414 miles
southwest of Hickman, May 31; Canton, October 29; Madisonville,
October 20 and 21; Waverly, May 16; Rock Haven, April 25 and 26;
Rockybranch, June 7; Monticello, June 15. All show the darker
color of the eastern race, with no approach to the paler western bird.
The species was seen in almost all localities visited, the last in fall
being noted near Roundhill on November 7.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 537
Family CUCULIDAE
COCCYZUS AMERICANUS AMERICANUS (Linnaeus): Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Specimens were secured as follows: Waverly, May 17; Monticello,
June 15; Middlesboro, September 17 and 25; and Morehead, October
8, this being the last one recorded for fall. Individuals were seen
near Quincy on July 12 and 13.
COCCYZUS ERYTHROPTHALMUS (Wilson): Black-billed Cuckoo
This cuckoo was taken near Uniontown on May 10 and 3 miles east
of Waverly on May 16, these being the only days on which the
species was observed.
Family STRIGIDAE
OTUS ASIO ASIO (Linnaeus): Southern Screech Owl
In the three specimens from Kentucky at hand there is one female
in gray phase collected near Lexington on December 5, 1898, by KE. A.
Mearns with the wing measuring 163 mm., and one in red phase from
4 miles southwest of Florence, shot on October 11, 1938, by Perrygo
and Deignan, with the wing 158.5 mm. A red male from Fairview,
November 10, measures 149 mm. These dimensions are all within
the limits assigned to the southern bird, which on the basis of these
skins seems to be the resident form of the State. The northern race
perhaps may reach Kentucky during winter.
STRIX VARIA VARIA Barton: Northern Barred Owl
The barred owl was collected at Madisonville on October 21, South
Carrollton on October 24, and near Roundhill on November 11.
Another was obtained near Brandenburg on May 2, and one was
recorded near Rockybranch on June 13. All the specimens show the
feathering of the foot found in the northern bird.
Family CAPRIMULGIDAE
ANTROSTOMUS CAROLINENSIS (Gmelin): Chuck-will’s-widow
Near Monticello, Wayne County, one was calling on June 7.
ANTROSTOMUS VOCIFERUS VOCIFERUS (Wilson): Eastern Whip-poor-will
One was seen on April 16 at Cannonsburg in Boyd County, and
one was heard calling 4 miles east of Cumberland, Harlan County, on
June 23,
Family MICROPODIDAE
CHAETURA PELAGICA (Linnaeus): Chimney Swift
The chimney swift was first observed in spring at Brandenburg on
April 18.
203705—40——2
538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
Family TROCHILIDAE
ARCHILOCHUS COLUBRIS (Linnzeus): Ruby-throated Hummingbird
In the western section of the State a female was taken near Waverly
on May 16 and a male 414 miles southwest of Hickman on May 80.
On Black Mountain hummingbirds were common in June, and a fe-
male was secured on June 25. Others were observed on Log
Mountain near Middlesboro from September 21 to 28.
Family ALCEDINIDAE
MEGACERYLE ALCYON ALCYON (Linnaeus): Eastern Belted Kingfisher
Observed at Brandenburg on April 23, at Uniontown on May 10,
and near Middlesboro on September 19 and 23.
Family PICIDAE
COLAPTES AURATUS AURATUS (Linnaeus): Southern Flicker
The only specimen obtained of this southern race, distinguished
only by smaller size, is a male taken 11 miles south of Brownsville,
Edmonson County, on November 11. This bird has the following
measurements: Wing 146.5, tail 98.6, culmen from base 35.5, tarsus
28.7 mm.
As @. a. auratus nests throughout most of western Tennessee, fur-
ther collections of flickers should be made along the southern border
of Kentucky during spring and summer to determine whether the
southern bird may not extend a short distance into the southern
counties. The specimen from Brownsville comes from an area where
luteus may be the breeding form (though this is supposition only),
in which case it would be a wanderer from farther south.
COLAPTES AURATUS LUTEUS Bangs: Northern Flicker
The northern flicker was collected as follows: 414 miles southwest
of Hickman, May 21; South Carrollton, October 22; Roundhill, No-
vember 11; Brandenburg, April 21; Brownsville, November 10;
English, Carro!i County, October 12; Lexington, December 5 (taken
by E. A. Mearns); Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, September 17
and 23; 3800 feet elevation on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June
23; and Fullerton, July 13. Immature birds only recently from the
nest were taken as follows: Rockybranch, June 13; 3900 feet eleva-
tion on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 24; and Fullerton, July
13. The adults are all characterized by a wing size from 151.5 to
156.7 mm.
A male from near the northern arm of Reelfoot Lake in Fulton
County, southwest of Hickman, has the wing 153.5 mm., and so has
the size of luteus, a matter of interest since birds from near Horn-
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 539
beak, Obion County, Tenn., only a short distance to the south, are
auratus. Specimens taken on Black Mountain on June 23 and at
Fullerton on July 13 have the tips of the primaries broken by wear
so that they seemingly have small measurements, though in reality
they are the northern bird.
One male from Middlesboro has a few red feathers in the mous-
tachial streaks on each side of the head.
CEOPHLOEUS PILEATUS PILEATUS (Linnaeus): Scuthern Pileated Woodpecker
Adult specimens of this great woodpecker were obtained as follows:
41% miles southwest of Hickman, May 21 and 26; South Carroliton,
October 25; and Brownsville, November 10 and 11. These all agree
in the small size that marks the southern form of this bird. In three
males the wing measures 212, 225, and 227 mm., and in two females
it is 220 and 224 mm. It will be noted that all come from the south-
ern half of the State, but it seems probable that this is the race that
extended formerly throughout Kentucky.
A young female nearly grown was secured near the northern arm
of Reelfoot Lake southwest of Hickman, May 30, and another near
Coopersville in Wayne County, June 8. Among other records of
interest one was observed 4 miles southeast of Brandenburg, April
27, and several were recorded in Wayne County near Rockybranch
on June 7 and 13 and 4 miles east of Monticello, on June 10. Two
were observed near Mount Vernon on October 3. Pileated woodpeck-
ers were found along the Cumberland River near Canton on October
31 to November 2 and in the same general region 5 miles northeast
of Golden Pond on November 3. Two were seen near Roundhill, in
Butler County, November 9.
CENTURUS CAROLINUS (Linnaeus): Red-bellied Woodpecker
This handsome woodpecker is common in the State, being repre-
sented by specimens from the following localities: Near Hickman,
May 24; Canton, October 31 and November 2; South Carrollton,
October 22; Uniontown, May 10; Roundhill, November 7 and 9; Rock
Haven, April 26; Ghent, October 11; Rockybranch, June 14; Monti-
cello, June 10; Mount Vernon, October 1; Lexington, November 17,
21, and 25 and December 1, 1898 (taken by E. A. Mearns); 2,800
and 2,900 feet elevation on Log Mountain, 7 miles west of Middles-
boro, September 19 and 21.
Measurements of these Kentucky specimens are as follows: Males
(10 specimens), wing 124.6-132.7 (128.9), tail 71.6-82.8 (76.5), cul-
men from base 28.3-32.5 (30.9), tarsus 22.1-23.7 (22.4) mm. Females
(8 specimens), wing 121-132.6 (126.3), tail 69.3-77.3 (74.2), culmen
from base 27.0-29.7 (28.2), tarsus 20.0-24.3 (21.8) mm. These di-
mensions agree fairly closely with those of a small series from Ten-
540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob, 88
nessee. Two males from Hickman have a suffusion of red across
the upper throat.
MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS (Linnaeus): Eastern
Red-headed Woodpecker
This woodpecker was of irregular distribution, though in places
it was fairly common. In the nesting season it was recorded at Rock
Haven on April 25 and 26, eight being seen on the first date men-
tioned. One was taken at Brandenburg, on April 30. Another was
obtained at Monticello on June 11. In fall a number were found
around Madisonville, October 20 and 21, and at Sacramento, October
17. Near Middlesboro three were seen at 2,900 feet elevation on Log
Mountain on September 19, and an immature bird with a few red
feathers appearing on the side of the head and the neck was taken.
Adult specimens secured all agree in size with the dimensions as-
signed to the eastern race as the following measurements show:
Males (3 specimens), wing 133.5, 138.9, 141.2, tail 70.9, 74.7, 77.1,
culmen from base 27.9, 29.2, 30.3, tarsus 21.2, 22.8, 22.8. Female (1
specimen), wing 134.1, tail 76.2, culmen from base 28.1, tarsus 21.4.
SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS VARIUS (Linnaeus): Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Fall migrants were first observed near Mount Vernon on October
1, and two skins were obtained here on October 3. Other specimens
came from Cerulean, November 5; Canton, November 2; South Car-
rollton, October 22; Roundhill, November 9; Brownsville, November
11; and Ghent, October 14. There is one skin in the collection ob-
tained by Beckham at Wickland, Nelson County, on November 26,
1881.
DRYOBATES ViLLOSUS VILLOSUS (Linnaeus): Eastern Hairy Woodpecker
Specimens of this common woodpecker were secured as follows:
Golden Pond, November 3; Waverly, May 11; South Carrollton,
October 22 and 25; Roundhill, November 9; Ghent, October 12, 18,
and 14; Lexington, November 17, 1898 (taken by E. A. Mearns) ;
Berea, October 6; Rockybranch, June 14; 2,800 feet on Log Moun-
tain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, September 23; 4,000 feet elevation
on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 23. Young birds fully grown
were taken at Waverly, May 11, and Monticello, June 10.
While these are all identified as typical véllosus, this is done with
some reservation as to birds from the western part of the State, since
specimens from this section in slightly smaller size show approach
to the southern race audubonii. The region is distinctly one of in-
tergradation between northern and southern birds, and specimens
should be examined from along the Mississippi River where it seems
probable that auduboniw may occur.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 541
In the present collection three skins from the cypress swamps near
South Carrollton in Muhlenberg County are puzzling, since, while
one male has the wing 117.3 mm., two females measure only 114.4
and 114.8 mm. The dimensions of the females are distinctly within
the upper size range of auduboni. It may be noted that a downy
woodpecker from this same area was also intermediate between the
northern and southern forms, so that here there seems to be a re-
stricted region that may be considered as definitely southern in its
affinities entirely cut off except along its drainage to the Ohio from
other influences of a southern nature. One male from Lexington.
also shows small size as the wing measures only 115.6 mm. Females
from Golden Pond, Trigg County, measure 116.0 and 116.4 mm., and
one from Waverly, Union County, has the wing 116.1 mm.
Aside from the three small birds mentioned size range in the wing
in the series is as follows: Males, 116.6 (much worn) to 122.4 mm.;
females 116.0 to 116.7 mm.
DRYOBATES PUBESCENS MEDIANUS (Swainson) : Northern Downy Woodpecker
An excellent series of this common bird was obtained as follows:
Hickman, May 21 and 25; Canton, October 29; Madisonville, October
21; South Carrollton, October 18; Roundhill, November 7 and 9;
Brownsville, November 10; Rock Haven, April 25; Ghent, October 11;
Burlington, October 11; Lexington, November 17 and December 1, 1898
(collected by E. A. Mearns); Mount Vernon, October 1, 3, and 6;
Monticello, June 9; Rockybranch, June 7; Stearns, June 16; 2,000 to
2,800 elevation on Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, September 20, 21,
and 23; 4,000 feet elevation on Black Mountain near Lynch, June 23
and 29. In these specimens there is some gradation in size, birds from
the southwestern section and from the southern counties west of the
mountain area being only slightly larger in wing measurement than
the southern race. These skins, regardless of sex, range from 91.1 to
92.5. Specimens from Brandenburg, Burlington, Ghent, Rock Haven,
and. Lexington are larger, running from 92.2 to 95.1 mm. in length of
wing. In the entire series there are four skins that are slightly below
the size ordinarily accepted for medianus. These include a female
from near Hickman with a wing 90.5 mm., though another taken at the
same time and place measures 91.1 mm. These two agree with others
from the Reelfoot Lake area in Tennessee, and while somewhat inter-
mediate they are considered to be the northern form. There is also a
male from Rockybranch taken on June 7 that measures 89.9 mm., and
one shot at 4,000 feet elevation on Black Mountain near Lynch that is
only 89.0 mm., but these two have the wing abraded and worn so that
the small measurement is false, being due to breakage and loss at the
tips of the longer primaries. All the birds listed are identified as
542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
medianus, which appears to be the resident breeding form throughout
the State. A single male from South Carrollton taken on October 18
with the wing 90.5 mm. comes within the maximum size limit of the
southern pubescens but is considered only as a tendency toward an in-
termediate condition and is therefore placed with medianus. A
female taken at the same time has the wing 91.5 mm.
Dr. Lawrence E. Hicks * speaks of specimens from the lowlands of
eastern and southeastern Kentucky as similar to two birds taken along
the Ohio River near Proctorville and South Point in extreme southern
Ohio, which have been identified by Oberholser as D. p. pubescens,
though not wholly typical. As noted above, specimens I have seen
from southwestern Kentucky while intermediate seem nearer medianus
and are so identified. The male listed from South Carrollton, Ky.,
comes hearest to pubescens, as it has a dark breast, but until further in-
formation that may cause a change in opinion is available it seems
necessary to list all the Kentucky material that I have seen as
medianus.
DRYOBATES PUBESCENS NELSONI Oberholser: Nelson’s Downy Woodpecker
In the series of downy woodpeckers there is one female, taken 2
miles north of Mount Vernon, Rockcastle County, October 3, that
stands out from the others in the pure white color of the under sur-
face and so attracts immediate attention. This bird measures as
follows: Wing 99.0, tail 63.2, culmen from base 17.6, and tarsus 17.3.
From its large size and light color it seems without question to be a
migrant of the far northern Nelson’s woodpecker, being apparently
the most southern point at which this form has yet been taken.
Family TYRANNIDAE
TYRANNUS TYRANNUS TYRANNUS (Linnaeus): Eastern Kingbird
Specimens were obtained as follows: Waverly, May 6 and 11;
Brandenburg, April 27; near Coopersville, Wayne County, June 8.
MYIARCHUS CRINITUS BOREUS Bangs: Northern Crested Flycatcher
The crested flycatcher was common in a dense cypress swamp near
the northern arm of Reelfoot Lake southwest of Hickman, where
specimens were taken on May 27. Others were obtained at Waverly
on May 6 and 9, while the first one of the season was secured at
Brandenburg on April 30. An adult male in rather worn plumage
was shot near Monticello on June 15, and at Rockybranch an adult
female was taken on June 14 and a young bird just from the nest on
June 15.
3 Auk, 1939, p. 84,
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 043
As in the case of birds from Tennessee, the Kentucky specimens are
typical of the northern race, being marked from the southern form
by smaller bill and light dorsal coloration.
SAYORNIS PHOEBE (Latham): Eastern Phoebe
In the nesting period the phoebe was secured at Waverly, May 17;
Brandenburg, April 28; Monticello, June 10 and 11; and Belfry,
Pike County, July 4. The birds were common in the fall, being
secured at this season at Canton, October 31; South Carrollton, Octo-
ber 18 and 22; Roundhill, November 9; Burlington, October 11;
Mount Vernon, October 3 and 4; and Middlesboro, September 28.
EMPIDONAX FLAVIVENTRIS (Baird and Baird): Yelilow-bellied Flycatcher
A female was collected in a cypress swamp about 4 miles southwest
of Hickman, May 20.
EMPIDONAX VIRESCENS (Vieillot) : Acadian Flycatcher
The specimens taken include the following: Hickman, May 21, 25,
27; Uniontown, May 10; Brandenburg, April 28; Monticello, June
9, 10.
MYIOCHANES VIRENS (Linnaeus): Eastern Wood Pewee
This is one of the common flycatchers of the State, being taken as
follows: Near Hickman, May 21, 24, 25, and 30; Uniontown, May 10
and 17; Brandenburg, May 3; Rockybranch, June 13; Coopersville,
June 3; Middlesboro, September 20, 21, and 28; 4,100 feet elevation on
Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 21, 22, and 23.
Family ALAUDIDAE
OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS PRATICOLA Henshaw: Prairie Horned Lark
In summer a horned lark was seen but not taken near Monticello,
June 17. On October 27 a flock of nine was seen near South Carroll-
ton, and a female taken is of the present race. There are also
in the U. S. National Museum three males and one female, col-
lected at Lexington November 30, 1898, by E. A. Mearns, that belong
to the present form. Perrygo records 12 horned larks at Roundhill,
Butler County, November 9, and 5 more at the same point on November
12, but he did not secure specimens.
Family HIRUNDINIDAE
RIPARIA RIPARIA RIPARIA (Linnaeus): Bank Swallow
The bank swallow was observed at Brandenburg on April 28, and
one was taken at Uniontown on May 5. Others were recorded at
Rockybranch, Wayne County, June 8 and 13.
544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
STELGIDOPTERYX RUFIPENNIS SERRIPENNIS (Audubon): Rough-winged Swallow
The six specimens secured come from the following localities:
Waverly, May 12; Uniontown, May 5; Cloverport, May 4; and Rocky-
branch, June 15. Others were seen at Monticello, June 9; Lynch,
June 23; and Belfry, July 4.
PROGNE SUBIS SUBIS (Linnaeus): Purple Martin
Recorded at Rockybranch on June 8, 12, and 15.
Family CORVIDAE
CYANOCITTA CRISTATA CRISTATA (Linnaeus): Northern Blue Jay
With regard to the blue jay the western part of Kentucky represents
an area where there is approach to the southern form, most of the
few breeding birds seen having the brighter blue color and more ex-
tended white on wing and tail of the northern form but ranging some-
what small for the average of that bird. Two males from near the
northern arm of Reelfoot Lake measure 123.8 and 127.8 mm. in length
of wing but are definitely bright blue above. This is of particular
interest when it is remembered that birds from only slightly farther
south in Obion County, Tenn., are nearer the southern form. A male
from Waverly shot on May 11 is even deeper blue, though it measures
only 122.5 mm., while another from Morganfield nearby, with the wing
132.9 mm., meets the full requirements of cristata in color, markings,
and size. Two males from Brandenburg, measuring 127.2 and 129
mm., are a little small but otherwise typical of cristata. A male from
4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain near Lynch, with the wing tip
rather worn still measures 130 mm. Other breeding birds that agree
with the northern type in color come from Quincy, July 11 and 18,
though in these the ends of the primaries are much frayed from wear
so that their actual measurements (119.6 and 128.7 mm.) are 5 to 10
mm. or so below what they would have been when the birds were in
proper feather. An immature bird just from the nest was secured here.
Birds were taken in fall as follows: Madisonville, October 24
(male, wing 128 mm.) ; Sacramento, October 17 (males 127.4, 136.1,
female 127.2); English, Carroll County, October 12 (127); Browns-
ville, November 10 (130.6); and Morehead, October 8 (125). On
the basis of size part of these are intermediate, but in color and in
amount of white they belong with cristata.
The intermediate character of the blue-jay population of the State
is easily evident from this brief account. The interpretation pre-
sented may be subject to some modification with more material but
is the best that can be given at present.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 545
CYANOCITTA CRISTATA FLORINCOLA Coues: Florida Blue Jay
The only bird in the series available that seems to represent the
southern form of the blue jay is an adult female taken 3 miles south
of Coopersville, Wayne County, June 3. This specimen has a wing
measurement of 127 mm., which is within the maximum recognized by
florincola, though a little larger than many. In its dorsal color it
agrees with skins from northern Tennessee, as it does in the reduced
amount of white on the secondaries, tertials, and tip of the tail. It
is somewhat intermediate but nearer the southern form. It is probable
that the breeding bird from elsewhere along the southern border of
Kentucky west of the mountain area may belong here also, although
birds from Hickman belong with the northern group.
CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS BRACHYRHYNCHOS Brehm: Eastern Crow
The breeding crows of Kentucky as represented in the available
collections, while in part slightly intermediate toward the southern
form, are referred in the main to the northern subspecies. Further
collecting is necessary, probably in considerable amount, to determine
the actual status of the nesting form along the southern border except
in the west. The southern race as a breeding bird seems to come into
the State along the mountains in the southeast.
Males taken near Hickman on May 21 have the wing 305 and 314
mm. and the bill 49.8 and 50.2 mm. thus resembling the longer-
winged, larger-billed brachyrhynchos. The specimen with the
apparently shorter wing of 305 mm. has the ends of the primaries
considerably worn, so the true measurement in fresh plumage would
have been appreciably greater. An immature male just from the
nest was taken at the same time as the adults mentioned. A male
from Waverly, May 5, with the wing 331 mm. and the bill 50 mm. is
very large. Specimens taken near Brandenburg fit also in the cate-
gory of the northern race as two males shot April 23 and May 3 have
the wing 308 mm. In one the bill measures 53.8 mm. The tip of
the culmen in the second is broken by shot but the bill is definitely
large. A female killed May 3 with the wing considerably worn
measures 289 and 47.8 mm. The April bird may have been a north-
ern migrant, but the two taken on May 3 were nesting.
The following specimens assigned to brachyrhynchos were taken
in fall: Princeton, November 5 (wing 311); South Carrollton, Octo-
ber 18 (wing 307, culmen 50.1 mm.); Brownsville, November 12
(wing 315); and Mount Vernon, October 6 (one female with wing
310 and culmen 49.3, another with wing 293 and culmen 48.4). The
second female from Mount Vernon approaches paulus.
203705—40——3
546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS PAULUS Howell: Southern Crow
Four of the crows collected by Perrygo and his associates on the
basis of smaller size are referred to the southern race. A male taken
September 29 near the town of Middlesboro has the wing 289 mm.
and the culmen 47.8 mm. It is presumably a bird from this general
region since the date is too early for any extended migration or
wandering.
The race paulus nests in the mountains of northeastern Tennessee
and might, therefore, be expected to breed in the Middlesboro area.
A male taken at Burlington on October 11 has the wing 290 mm. and
the culmen 46.3 mm. A female from Brownsville shot on November
12 measures in the wing 300 mm. and in the culmen 46.1 mm. and
one from Ghent 282 mm. and 46.5 mm. The smaller wing and short,
slender bill place these with paulus. They seem to represent post-
breeding wanderers.
Family PARIDAE
PENTHESTES CAROLINENSIS CAROLINENSIS (Audubon): Carolina Chickadee
Four skins taken on September 20, 23, and 26 at elevations from
2,000 to 2,800 feet on Log Mountain, between 7 and 8 miles west of
Middlesboro, agree with specimens from the mountain area of eastern
Tennessee in having slightly darker dorsal coloration and lighter buffy
brown on the sides, differing in this from birds from central and
western Kentucky. Male and female taken at 4,000 feet elevation on
Black Mountain 414 miles southeast of Lynch show the same charac-
ters. These are referred to true carolinensis, agreeing with skins in
similar stage of plumage from near Charleston, S. C., the type locality.
The Kentucky specimens represent the most northern limit known
for this race and are probably at the northern edge of its range. They
show some approach in their slightly larger size to extimus.
PENTHESTES CAROLINENSIS EXTIMUS Todd and Sutton: Northern Carolina Chickadee
This race of the Carolina chickadee, marked by slightly paler back
and brighter buffy-brown sides, together with shghtly larger size, is
found throughout Kentucky except in the southeast sections of the
State. Specimens identified as this form were taken as follows: At
the northern arm of Reelfoot Lake near Hickman, May 27 (two fully
grown immature birds) and 28; Waverly, May 6; Canton, October
29; South Carrolton, October 18; Brandenburg, April 21 and 22;
Brownsville, November 8; Roundhill, November 7; Burlington, Octo-
ber 10; Mount Vernon, October 1; Coopersville, June 6; Monticello,
June 4; and Quincy, July 11.
The black-capped chickadee was not found in the mountains on the
eastern border but may occur at times as a winter migrant along the
Ohio River.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 547
BAEOLOPHUS BICOLOR (Linnaeus): Tufted Titmouse
This familiar species, distributed throughout the State, was recorded
in all the localities visited except on the higher levels of Black Moun-
tain. Specimens were obtained as follows: Near Hickman, May 20
and 28; Canton, October 29; Waverly, May 9 and 11; Madisonville,
October 21; South Carrollton, October 18; Brandenburg, April 21 and
22; Roundhill, November 9; Brownsville, November 8; Ghent, October
14; Bardstown, January 18, 1882 (taken by C. W. Beckham) ; Lexing-
ton, December 1, 1898 (taken by E. A. Mearns) ; Mount Vernon, Octo-
ber 8 and 6; Monticello, June 15; Coopersville, June 6; 2,000 to 2,900
feet elevation on Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, September 19, 21,
and 25; and Belfry, July 6. A young bird just from the nest was
secured near Hickman on May 28.
Family SITTIDAE
SITTA CAROLINENSIS CAROLINENSIS Latham: White-breasted Nuthatch
The two races of this nuthatch found in the eastern section of North
America, the larger, paler Sitta c. carolinensis in the north and the
smaller, darker Sitta c. atkinsi in the south, while sufficiently distinct
when specimens from the northern and southern sections of the range
are compared have a broad area in which there is transition between
the two and in which the nuthatch population is definitely intermedi-
ate. The State of Kentucky is included in this intermediate area, thus
making the allocation of specimens difficult and in part to be accom-
plished only through arbitrary decision. All the skins that I have
seen from Kentucky are smaller than the average typical of the north-
ern race. Some, however, are so distinctly pale colored that it seems
best to place them with true carolinensis.
Birds that I have identified as carolinensis were taken as follows:
Roundhill, Butler County, November 11; Mount Vernon, Rockcastle
County, October 1, 4, and 6; 2,800 and 2,900 feet elevation on Log
Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, September 17, 20, and 22;
and 3,800 to 4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain, 4 miles south-
east of Lynch. It will be observed that these localities are in the
eastern and northern sections of the State.
SITTA CAROLINENSIS ATKINSI Scott: Florida Nuthatch
As stated above the southern race of this nuthatch is distinguished
by smaller average size and darker dorsal coloration. Further, there
is no gray on the crown in the female, a condition found occasionally
in the northern race. Male and female taken May 27 near the
northern end of Reelfoot Lake, 5 miles southwest of Hickman, agree
with specimens from across the border in Tennessee and seem fairly
548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88
typical of the southern race. There are in addition a number of
specimens from various localities in the western third of the State
and along the southern border as far east as Wayne County that,
while dark, are intermediate in color and as they carry the character
of smaller size seem best placed with atkinsi. The females seen have
the crown black. Following are specimens in this category; Golden
Pond, Trigg County, November 3; Canton, November 1; Sacramento,
October 17; South Carrollton, October 18 and 26; Rock Haven,
Meade County, April 25; Coopersville, Wayne County, June 6; and
Rockybranch, Wayne County, June 8 and 14.
The specimen from Rock Haven is the most northeastern in this
group. It is a male that is distinctly dark above with a wing meas-
urement of 84.8 mm. The birds listed from Wayne County are
small and dark. It would appear that the nuthatches of the western
fourth or more of the State are to be placed with the southern race,
which extends to the east along the Ohio River at the northern
border at least to Meade County and along the southern boundary
across to Wayne County.
Family CHERTHIIDAE
CERTHIA FAMILIARIS AMERICANA Bonaparte: Brown Creeper
Found in migration, the first in fall being taken on October 17
near Sacramento. One was seen near South Carrollton the day fol-
lowing. One was taken at Canton on October 31 and others were
collected at Brownsville on November 8. There is also a specimen
in the National Museum taken at Lexington, November 30, 1898, by
EK. A. Mearns.
Family TROGLODYTIDAE
TROGLODYTES AEDON BALDWINI Oberholser: Ohio House Wren
An adult male taken 5 miles northeast of Quincy, Lewis County,
July 11, belongs to this form. Birds observed at Belfry, Pike
County, July 4, may also have been of the race.
TROGLODYTES AEDON PARKMANII Audubon: Western House Wren
Near Uniontown house wrens were common, three specimens being
taken on May 10, evidently breeding birds. These birds, two males
and a female, are of the western race, differing from the Ohio house
wren in paler, more grayish coloration, especially below, and in the
lighter, brighter brown of the flanks.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 549
NANNUS TROGLODYTES HIEMALIS (Vieillot): Eastern Winter Wren
The winter wren was first seen in fall at 3,000 feet elevation on
Log Mountain near Middlesboro on September 22, it being assumed
that this was a migrant from the north. Specimens were taken at
Morehead on October 8, Ghent on October 13, Madisonville on Octo-
ber 20, and Canton on November 1. There is a specimen in the
National Museum collected at Bardstown on November 21, 1882, by
C. W. Beckham,
THRYOMANES BEWICKIL BEWICKII (Audubon): Bewick’s Wren
Near Brandenburg two were taken on April 22, and others were
seen here on April 28 and at Rock Haven on April 26. One was
secured near Mount Vernon on October 4 and one near Burlington
on October 11. They were found near Monticello on June 9 and 10
and near Madisonville on October 19, and one was collected at 2,800
feet elevation on Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, on September 26.
THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS LUDOVICIANUS (Latham): Carolina Wren
Of State-wide distribution, specimens being taken as follows:
Near Hickman, May 24 and 25; Canton, October 31 and November
2; South Carrollton, October 27; Waverly, May 11; Brandenburg,
April 20; Rock Haven, April 26; Roundhill, November 9; Ghent,
October 18 and 14; Coopersville, June 6; Monticello, June 9 and 15;
Mount Vernon, October 5; 2,600 and 2,800 feet elevation on Log
Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, September 22 and 26; Belfry,
Pike County, July 7. One was seen at an elevation of 4,000 feet on
Black Mountain, near Lynch, on June 29.
TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS PALUSTRIS (Wilson): Long-billed Marsh Wren
An immature male of the eastern race of this bird was taken 6
miles south of Berea on October 5. This bird agrees in color of
flanks with specimens of the same season from near Washington, D. C.
TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS ILIACUS Ridgway: Prairie Marsh Wren
Four specimens assigned to this form were obtained, two near
South Carrollton on October 24, one 6 miles west of Burlington on
October 10, and one near Mount Vernon, Rockeastle County, on
October 6. It will be noted that the eastern bird was taken in the
same county as the one last mentioned. All specimens secured were
obtained during the fall migration period, so that there is no indi-
cation available from them as to whether they breed in this area.
Todd‘ has indicated that the proper name of the prairie marsh
«Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 1937, pp. 23—24.
550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
wren is tliacus Ridgway and not dissaéptus of Bangs® as given in
the fourth edition of the A. O. U. Check-list.
CISTOTHORUS STELLARIS (Naumann): Short-billed Marsh Wren
The only ones seen were observed during the fall migration, when
specimens were obtained near South Carrollton on October 18 and
24, at Canton on October 31, and 6 miles west of Burlington on
October 11.
Family MIMIDAE
MIMUS POLYGLOTTOS POLYGLOTTOS (Linnaeus): Eastern Mockingbird
Three specimens of the mockingbird were obtained as follows:
Canton, October 29; Madisonville, October 20; and Roundhill, Novem-
ber 12. The species was observed but not taken at Brandenburg,
April 20 to 22; Rock Haven, April 26; Uniontown, May 10; Rocky-
branch, June 13; Monticello, June 15 and 16; and Middlesboro,
September 23.
DUMETELLA CAROLINENSIS (Linnaeus): Catbird
The catbird was collected as follows: Uniontown, May 5; Branden-
burg, April 30 and May 8; Monticello, June 10; Mount Vernon,
October 6; Middlesboro, September 28; 3,800 and 3,900 feet elevation
on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 23 and 24; and Quincy, July 11.
In spring the first one was seen 6 miles northwest of Brandenburg
on April 21. In fall the last was recorded near Mount Vernon on
October 6.
TOXOSTOMA RUFUM RUFUM (Linnaeus): Eastern Brown Thrasher
Specimens were collected as follows: Uniontown, May 10; Waverly,
May 12; Brandenburg, April 29; Monticello, June 14; 2,300 feet
elevation on Pine Mountain, near Whitesburg, June 29; and Quincy,
July 12. These all agree in measurements with the eastern race.
For discussion of the eastern and western races of this bird the
reader is referred to the Proceedings of the United States National
Museum, vol. 86, 1939, pp. 214 to 215.
Family TURDIDAE
TURDUS MIGRATORIUS MIGRATORIUS Linnaeus: Eastern Robin
As most of the robins secured were obtained during the period of
migration the status of the breeding birds of Kentucky cannot be
definitely outlined. An adult male from 4 miles west of Stearns,
McCreary County, shot on June 16, is somewhat intermediate toward
°Cistothorus (Telmatodytes) palustris dissaéptus Bangs, Auk, 1902, p. 352 (Wayland,
Mass.).
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 951
achrusterus, having a wing measurement of 127.4 mm. and the color
of the lower surface slightly paler than typical migratorius (though
above it is dark). Two skins in spotted juvenal plumage, fully
grown, from Quincy, July 12, have the long wing of the northern race.
The following skins were taken when northern migrants may have
been present: South Carrollton, October 22; Golden Pond, November
3; Canton, October 31; Brandenburg, April 29 (a pair of fully typical
northern birds, possibly breeding) ; Brownsville, November 10; Ghent,
October 14; Berea, October 6.
TURDUS MIGRATORIUS ACHRUSTERUS (Batchelder): Southern Robin
An adult female shot at 4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain,
4 miles southeast of Lynch, June 21, has the wing 120.7 mm. and the
coloration very pale, being typical of the southern form. This
should be the bird that nests along the southern border of Kentucky,
but this can be ascertained only by further collecting.
It may be noted that an adult male from 9 miles east of Williamson,
W. Va., collected on July 8, 1938, is typical achrusterus.
HYLOCICHLA MUSTELINA (Gmelin): Wood Thrush
The wood thrush, distributed in summer throughout Kentucky, was
obtained as follows: Uniontown, May 13; Brandenburg, April 28
and May 2; Rock Haven, April 26; Log Mountain, near Middlesboro,
September 23; 4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain near Lynch,
June 21; Belfry, Pike County, July 4 and 9 (the last an immature
bird not quite grown) ; and Quincy, July 12.
HYLOCICHLA GUTTATA FAXONI Bangs and Penard: Eastern Hermit Thrush
Specimens were taken as follows: Madisonville, October 25;
Brownsville, November 8; Roundhill, November 9; Ghent, October
12 and 14; Morehead, October 8.
HYLOCICHLA USTULATA SWAINSONI (Tschudi): Eastern Olive-backed Thrush
Two were taken in fall migration at 2,800 and 2,900 feet elevation
on Log Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, on September 17
and 19.
HYLOCICHLA USTULATA ALMAE Oberholser: Western Olive-backed Thrush
That this form, described originally from the Great Basin, is truly
distinct has been indicated recently by van Rossem*® and by Ober-
holser? on the basis of more grayish, less brownish dorsal coloration.
As a migrant this bird occurs casually to the eastward, and it is of
6 Rield Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., vol. 23, 1938, p. 457.
7 Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull. 28, 1938, p. 472.
552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL, 88
interest to record the following specimens in the present collection:
Uniontown, May 10, male and female; 6 miles northwest of Branden-
burg, May 3, adult female; 2,800 feet elevation on Log Mountain,
7 miles west of Middlesboro, September 17, adult male and immature
female.
HYLOCICHLA MINIMA MINIMA (Lafresnaye): Gray-cheeked Thrush
The four specimens obtained were collected at Mount Vernon on
October 1 and 3 and on Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, on Septem-
ber 25 and 28. ‘These birds, all males, are representative of the larger,
northern form of this bird as indicated by their wing measurements,
which are 98.5, 99.8, 102.5, and 102.9 mm.
According to recent studies by George J. Wallace * the type specimen
of Lafresnaye’s Zurdus minimus instead of being the smaller Bick-
nell’s thrush as identified some years ago by Bangs and Penard (whose
statement was accepted for the fourth edition of the A. O. U. Check-
list) is in reality the larger, northern bird currently recognized in the
check-list as H. m, aliciae. WLafresnaye’s type, according to Wallace,
has a wing measurement of 99 mm., which places it clearly with the
larger bird, an opinion with which J. L. Peters (in litt.) agrees.
Under these circumstances therefore the gray-cheeked thrush is to be
known as Hylocichla minima minima.
HYLOCICHLA FUSCESCENS FUSCESCENS (Stephens): Veery
On Black Mountain, Harlan County, the veery is a common breed-
ing bird at elevations ranging from 3,800 to 4,100 feet. Four speci-
mens were secured here on June 21, 23, and 30.
HYLOCICHLA FUSCESCENS SALICICOLA Ridgway: Willow Thrush
An adult male of the willow thrush, differing from the veery in
darker dorsal color and darker spots on the breast, was taken in migra-
tion near Uniontown on May 10.
SIALIA SIALIS SIALIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Bluebird
Distributed widely, specimens were obtained as follows: In the
isolated sector of Fulton County, south of New Madrid, Mo., separated
by a loop of the Mississippi from the rest of Kentucky, June 1; Can-
ton, November 2; South Carrollton, October 18; Waverly, May 12;
Brandenburg, April 22 and 29; Roundhill, November 11; Brownsville,
November 8; Burlington, October 11; Mount Vernon, October 3;
Quincy, July 11. Young in spotted plumage, recently from the nest,
were secured at Waverly on May 12 and at 4,150 feet on Black Moun-
tain near Lynch on June 80.
5 Bicknell’s thrush, its taxonomy, distribution, and life history. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 41, No. 6, Jan. 1939, pp. 238-242.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE es
Family SYLVIIDAE
POLIOPTILA CAERULEA CAERULEA (Linnaeus): Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
These slender little birds are most evident in spring and at the be-
ginning of summer, when they are singing and nesting. Later in the
season, when they are more quiet and the leaves are fully developed in
the trees, they are observed ordinarily only by chance. Two were
collected at Brandenburg on April 21 and 22, and others were seen at
Rock Haven on April 26. Another was shot at Coopersville, Wayne
County, June 6.
CORTHYLIO CALENDULA CALENDULA (Linnaeus): Eastern Ruby-crowned Kinglet
In spring these birds were taken at Rock Haven on April 26,
Brandenburg on April 30, and Waverly on May 16, the last mentioned
being an adult female. There is also a specimen collected at Wick-
land, near Bardstown, April 10, 1882, by C. W. Beckham. The first
arrival in fall was secured at 2,800 feet elevation on Log Mountain,
near Middlesboro, September 27. Others were shot at Burlington on
October 11, South Carrollton on October 18, and Roundhill on
November 7.
REGULUS SATRAPA SATRAPA Lichtenstein: Eastern Golden-crowned Kinglet
This handsome little bird was obtained only during fall, the first
one being seen at Mount Vernon, Rockcastle County, on October 1.
Two days later ten were seen and one was taken. Others were secured
at Madisonville on October 24, Canton on November 2, and Browns-
ville on November 8. An adult male was shot at Lexington, November
17, 1898, by E. A. Mearns.
Family MOTACILLIDAE
ANTHUS SPINOLETTA RUBESCENS (Tunstall): American Pipit
Near Cadiz, Trigg County, two flocks were recorded on November 4,
and two specimens were taken.
Family BOMBYCILLIDAE
BOMBYCILLA CEDRORUM Vieillot: Cedar Waxwing
On Black Mountain, southeast of Lynch, Harlan County, the cedar
waxwing was fairly common from 3,900 to 4,100 feet, an adult female
being taken June 25. Elsewhere waxwings were seen at Brandenburg
on April 22 and at Rock Haven on April 25. In fall they were re-
corded on Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, on September 19 and 22,
and specimens were taken at Mount Vernon on October 5, Canton on
October 29, and Brownsville on November 12. There is also a speci-
554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 88
men in the collection from Bardstown, shot on October 22, 1881, by
C. W. Beckham. An adult male from Brownsville has red tips on
three of the rectrices.
Family LANITIDAE
LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS MIGRANS Palmer: Migrant Shrike
The five specimens at hand, all taken in fall, come from the follow-
ing localities: Sacramento, October 25; Princeton, November 5;
Brownsville, November 12; and Lexington, November 21, 1898 (col-
lected by E. A. Mearns).
Family STURNIDAE
STURNUS VULGARIS VULGARIS Linnaeus: Starling
The aggressive starling was taken at Uniontown on May 10 (young
in juvenal plumage) and 13, Brandenburg on April 29, and Monti-
cello on June 4. A flock was seen near Middlesboro on September 29.
Family VIREONIDAE
VIREO GRISEUS GRISEUS (Boddaert): White-eyed Vireo
Specimens were obtained as follows: Hickman, May 25 and 26;
Waverly, May 9; Brandenburg, April 22 and 30; Monticello, June 10
and 11; Mount Vernon, October 4; and Middlesboro, September 19. A
young bird just from the nest was taken near Hickman on May 25 and
another a little older but still in juvenal plumage at Quincy on July 11.
There have been three recent proposals with regard to geographic
races in this species in that part of its range included in the Eastern
United States. Ridgway °® recognized two subspecies, one from the
Florida Keys and the coast district of the Florida Peninsula north to
Tarpen Springs and Anastasia Island, and another ranging as a breed-
ing bird throughout the Eastern United States to the northward west
to the Great Plains. Todd ?° considered that the southern race ex-
tended from southern Florida north to South Carolina and through
the Gulf States to Louisiana, with the northern form ranging else-
where to the northward. Oberholser" recognized three forms, in-
cluding the two proposed by Todd, with the addition that he differen-
tiates also the one from extreme southern Florida accepted by Ridgway.
On examination of considerable material it is my conclusion that
the treatment proposed by Mr. Ridgway is the one that is most logical.
®U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 50, pt. 3, 1904, pp. 183-186.
10 Wilson Bull., 1926, pp. 222-223.
11 Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull. 28, 1938, pp. 502-503.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 55d:
The Key West vireo, Vireo griseus maynardi Brewster, differs from
the bird of the north in grayer dorsal color, in paler and more restricted
yellow on sides and flanks, and in slightly larger bill. Breeding speci-
mens from northern Florida and the Gulf States to Louisiana and
north to South Carolina in series average very slightly duller yellow
on the sides and flanks than those from farther north. The difference
is slight and is appreciable only in part of the specimens I have seen,
about one-half of those examined being identical from the two areas.
In view of the slight amount of the difference and of its variation it
does not seem to be practicable to recognize two races in this northern
area, so that all the birds of the Eastern United States north of south-
ern Florida should in my opinion be called Vireo griseus griseus. The,
duller birds of the south merely represent intergrades toward the
duller colored race maynard? of extreme southern Florida.
VIREO FLAVIFRONS Vieillot: Yellow-throated Vireo
Specimens were obtained during the breeding season at Hickman on
May 21, Rockybranch on June 18, and Monticello on June 14. Several
were found during the fall migration on the slopes of Log Mountain
on September 20, 24, and 25.
VIREO SOLITARIUS SOLITARIUS (Wilson) : Blue-headed Vireo
One was shot near Morehead on October 8 and another near Sacra-
mento on October 17. These are the only records made pertaining to
the northern race of this bird.
VIREO SOLITARIUS ALTICOLA Brewster: Mountain Vireo
On Black Mountain, 4 miles southeast of Lynch, the mountain vireo
was common above 3,800 feet, so that six specimens were collected
between June 23 and 28. These all have the dark dorsal coloration and
longer wing of this southern form. On Log Mountain, 7 miles west of
Middlesboro, we found two on September 24, and later Perrygo col-
lected another on September 27. These three birds are still in partial
molt on the head and body and are believed to be representative of the
nesting birds of this area. The range of this form in Kentucky is.
necessarily decidedly limited.
VIREO OLIVACEUS (Linnaeus): Red-eyed Vireo
Common and widely distributed, specimens of the red-eyed vireo
were collected as follows: Hickman, May 20; Uniontown, May 10;
Waverly, May 11; Brandenburg, April 20 and 27; Coopersville, June
3; Rocky Branch, June 7; Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, Septem-
ber 17 and 20; Belfry, Pike County, July 4 and 6; 4,000 feet elevation
on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 27; Quincy, July 12. In fall the
last one was recorded near Mount Vernon on October 5.
556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
There are a considerable number of vireos of the general color
pattern of the red-eye distributed widely in the warmer portions of the
New World that it has been proposed to treat as geographic races of
one species. Though it may develop that this is true, it is my own
feeling that the evidence is not as yet conclusive, so that for the pres-
ent I prefer to recognize olivaceus as a species distinct from the others.
The question is one that is complicated by the fact that even the forms
that breed in the West Indies, Mexico, and Central America are
migratory, retiring to the south after nesting, so that the actual breed-
ing ranges of some yet remain to be definitely ascertained.
Family COMPSOTHLYPIDAE
MNIOTILTA VARIA (Linnaeus): Black and White Warbler
Specimens were obtained as follows: Brandenburg, April 28;
Coopersville, June 6 (adult and one young fully grown); Rocky-
branch, June 8; Bardstown, May 9, 1885 (taken by C. W. Beckham) ;
Mount Vernon, October 1; Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, Sep-
tember 24; 4,000 feet elevation on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June
29 (adult and fully grown young). The last one seen in fall was
recorded at Mount Vernon on October 3.
PROTONOTARIA CITREA (Boddaert): Prothonotary Warbler
In the northwestern section of the State one was taken 3 miles east
of Waverly on May 9. Near Uniontown the birds seemed fairly com-
mon, as three were seen and one was collected on May 13. In the
cypress swamps 4 miles southwest of Hickman specimens were shot
on May 20 and 27, including one young bird just from the nest in the
curious, grayish, juvenile plumage.
HELMITHEROS VERMIVORUS (Gmelin): Worm-eating Warbler
An immature male was taken at 2,000 feet elevation on Log Moun-
tain, 8 miles west of Middlesboro, on September 27.
VERMIVORA PEREGRINA (Wilson): Tennessee Warbler
In the spring migration specimens were shot near Waverly on May
6 and near Uniontown on May 10. In fall they were common over the
slopes of Log Mountain from September 19 to 23 (specimens taken
on each of these dates), and one was collected at South Carrollton on
October 26. At Bardstown, Nelson County, specimens were taken on
September 13 and 15, 1880, and September 18, 1885, by C. W. Beckham.
VERMIVORA RUFICAPILLA RUFICAPILLA (Wilson): Nashville Warbler
An adult male was shot a mile east of Waverly on May 11. An
older record is that of a male taken at Bardstown on April 28, 1877,
by C. W. Beckham.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 557
COMPSOTHLYPIS AMERICANA PUSILLA (Wilson): Northern Parula Warbler
The only one taken is an adult male shot on May 81 near the northern
arm of Reelfoot Lake, 4 miles southwest of Hickman. This bird is
dark above with a broad black band extending across the upper breast.
In size it is small as the wing measures only 55.6 mm. This specimen
is one of those small, richly colored birds of the type that led to the
separation of the Mississippi Valley group in this species as the race
ramalinae. Itseems to me at present too difficult to differentiate except
for occasional individuals to allow its separation from pusilla.
DENDROICA AESTIVA AESTIVA (Gmelin): Eastern Yellow Warbler
An adult female was collected 7 miles east of Monticello on June 9.
One was taken at Bardstown on April 23, 1877, by C. W. Beckham.
DENDROICA MAGNOLIA (Wilson): Magnolia Warbler
Recorded as follows: Uniontown, May 17; Hickman, May 25; and
Log Mountain, west of Middlesboro, September 19, 22, and 25.
DENDROICA CAERULESCENS CAERULESCENS (Gmelin): Black-throated Blue Warbler
An adult male was taken at Waverly on May 11. A female shot
on Log Mountain, west of Middlesboro, September 22, is also of the
northern race as indicated by its paler dorsal coloration.
DENDROICA CAERULESCENS CAIRNSI Coues: Cairns’s Warbler
An excellent series of four males and three females taken at eleva-
tions ranging from 3,800 to 4,100 feet on Black Mountain, near Lynch,
June 20 to 24, show that this is the breeding form from this mountain
area. There is also an adult male in the collection from 2,000 feet
elevation on Log Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, collected on
September 25. This last bird has no black in the back but is marked
by the deep hue of the blue.
DENDROICA CORONATA CORONATA (Linnaeus): Myrtle Warbler
Records for this migrant species are as follows: Brandenburg, April
21 and 22; Burlington, October 11; Madisonville, October 24; South
Carrollton, October 24; Canton, October 29; Brownsville, November
8 and 12.
DENDROICA VIRENS VIRENS (Gmelin): Black-throated Green Warbler
Two adult males were taken near Waverly on May 17. In fall speci-
mens were obtained on Log Mountain on September 24 and 28, near
Mount Vernon on October 1, and 9 miles northeast of Madisonville on
October 24. One was collected at Bardstown on September 16, 1885,
by C. W. Beckham.
558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
It was unexpected to secure an adult male 2 miles east of Rocky-
branch in Wayne County on June 7 and to see others here on June 13
and 14, as well as at a point 7 miles east of Monticello on June 9.
Apparently the species nests fairly commonly in this region, which
is an extension of the breeding range previously known. ‘The eleva-
tion is relatively low. The bird also breeds on Pine Mountain in
Letcher County, as an adult male was shot there at 2,300 feet elevation,
4 miles southeast of Whitesburg, June 29.
DENDROICA CERULEA (Wilson): Cerulean Warbler
The first one was seen at Rock Haven, Meade County, on April 26,
and a male was taken near Brandenburg on May 2. In Wayne County
those birds were common, specimens coming from Rockybranch on
June 8 and east of Monticello on June 9 and 10. One was collected
at Bardstown, Nelson County, April 18, 1877, by C. W. Beckham.
The males in this small series show the usual variation in the breast
band from a broad heavily marked collar of mixed slaty black and
light blue to a narrow, interrupted line that crosses the white of the
upper breast like a necklace.
DENDROICA FUSCA (Miiller): Blackburnian Warbler
That the Blackburnian warbler breeds on Black Mountain, near
Lynch, is shown by an adult male collected at 4,000 feet on June 23.
One was taken at Bardstown on September 11, 1885, by C. W. Beckham.
DENDROICA DOMINICA DOMINICA (Linnaeus): Yellow-throated Warbler
An adult male from Bardstown, Nelson County, taken on April 19,
1877, by C. W. Beckham belongs to the typical race and is to be con-
sidered a straggler. The lores are yellow, the white area on the
rectrices is extensive, and the culmen from base measures 13.5 mm.
DENDROICA DOMINICA ALBILORA Ridgway: Sycamore Warbler
An adult female was collected 3 miles east of Waverly on May 7.
The lores in this bird are entirely white, and the culmen from base
measures 15.8 mm.
DENDROICA PENSYLVANICA (Linnaeus): Chestnut-sided Warbler
On Black Mountain, near Lynch, this warbler was common so that
several were collected from June 21 to 23 at around 4,000 feet elevation.
Others were taken on Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, on Septem-
ber 19 and 22, and there is a specimen in the collection shot at Bards-
town on May 2, 1885, by C. W. Beckham.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 559
DENDROICA CASTANEA (Wilson): Bay-breasted Warbler
Over the higher slopes of Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, these
birds were abundant from September 19 to 22, three being taken.
There is also one collected on September 15, 1880, at Bardstown by
C. W. Beckham.
DENDROICA STRIATA (Forster): Black-poll Warbler
The black-poll was seen at Uniontown on May 18, and specimens
were taken at Corydon on May 14 and Waverly on May 16. One was
shot at Bardstown on May 8, 1882, by C. W. Beckham.
DENDROICA PINUS PINUS (Wilson): Northern Pine Warbler
An adult male was taken 3 miles south of Coopersville on June 6,
and others were seen in the region east of Monticello on June 9 and 10.
DENDROICA DISCOLOR DISCOLOR (Linnaeus): Northern Prairie Warbler
The first arrivals from the south were recorded 5 miles northwest
of Brandenburg on April 22, when male and female were taken.
Males were shot subsequently at Monticello on June 15 and near Stearns
on June 16. In fall one was collected near Middlesboro on Sep-
tember 28. There is also a specimen in the Museum from Bardstown
taken on April 26, 1882, by C. W. Beckham.
DENDROICA PALMARUM PALMARUM (Gmelin): Western Palm Warbler
In spring the bird was noted only at Waverly, where a female was
shot on May 6. In fall three specimens were taken on Log Mountain,
west of Middlesboro, at elevations of 2,800 to 2,900 feet on September
21 and 22, and one near the town of Middlesboro on September 29.
Subsequently, two were secured 6 miles west of Burlington on
October 10.
SEIURUS AUROCAPILLUS (Linnaeus): Ovenbird
The present species was collected during the breeding season at
Coopersville on June 6, Rocky Branch on June 7, and 4,000 feet eleva-
tion on Black Mountain, near Lynch, on June 28. From September
21 to 27 these birds were common over the slopes of Log Mountain, west
of Middlesboro. There is also a specimen in the Museum from the
Edward J. Brown collection taken at Louisville September 4, 1884,
by William Palmer.
SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS NOVEBORACENSIS (Gmelin): Northern Water-thrush
An adult female taken at Uniontown on May 10 belongs to the east-
ern form as shown by its brownish dorsal color and small size (wing
69 mm.). A water-thrush of undetermined race was seen at Middles-
boro on September 28.
560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88
SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS NOTABILIS (Ridgway): Grinnell’s Water-thrush
On May 9 an adult male was shot 3 miles east of Waverly. This
bird is typical of the western race in darker gray, less brownish dorsal
coloration. The wing measures 75.1 mm.
SEIURUS MOTACILLA (Vieillot): Louisiana Water-thrush
Specimens were obtained at Rock Haven April 25, and 7 miles
east of Monticello June 9. One was taken at Bardstown on April 23,
1877, by C. W. Beckham.
OPORORNIS FORMOSUS (Wilson): Kentucky Warbler
This handsome bird, named for the State from which these speci-
mens come, was taken at Hickman on May 24 and 30 and near
Monticello on June 9 and 15.
GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS BRACHIDACTYLA (Swainson): Northern Yellow-throat
The first bird of the season was a male from 4 miles southeast of
Brandenburg shot on April 27. Specimens collected at Waverly on
May 6 and 7 and Uniontown on May 10 may have been summer
residents or migrants. A male and two females from near the north-
ern arm of Reelfoot Lake taken on May 20, 21, and 25 are to be
considered breeding birds, as are specimens from Monticello, June
15, 3,900 to 4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain, near Lynch,
June 23, 24 and 30, and 5 miles northeast of Quincy, July 11 and 12.
The last mentioned include a juvenile bird not quite grown. Males
in this series have wing measurements ranging from 52.2 to 55.8 mm.,
all but 4 being more than 54 mm, All have a definite spread of
yellow across the lower breast and abdomen, and all are bright green
above.
In fall birds were taken at 2,800 feet on Log Mountain, near Mid-
dlesboro, on September 21, at Mount Vernon on October 4, and at
South Carrollton on October 22. These are definitely yellow below.
All the birds seen from the State are referred to the race
brachidactyla as understood at present.
ICTERIA VIRENS VIRENS (Linnaeus): Yellow-breasted Chat
Specimens were obtained as follows: Near Hickman, May 20 and
24; Waverly, May 7 and 9; 3,900 to 4,100 feet elevation on Black:
Mountain, near Lynch, June 23, 24, and 29; and Belfry, Pike County,.
July 4.
Two males from 4 miles southwest of Hickman, Fulton County,
agree with specimens from near Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee in
having the white of the malar region slightly more extensive than
those seen from elsewhere in Kentucky and Tennessee. A male taken:
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 561
near Waverly (U. S. N. M. No. 837821) has a white mark on the
posterior part of the superciliary region and extensive yellow mark-
ings on the scapulars and greater wing coverts. Curiously enough, I
saw a yellow-breasted chat with similar markings, but with the
white on the head much more extensive, several times about our camp
at Tres Zapotes, southern Veracruz, Mexico, in March and early in
April 1939.
WILSONIA CITRINA (Boddaert): Hooded Warbler
The first one of the season was seen at Rock Haven, Meade County,
April 26. Specimens were taken at Hickman on May 30, at 3,800
feet elevation on Black Mountain, near Lynch, on June 22, and on
Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, on September 21 and 22.
WILSONIA PUSILLA PUSILLA (Wilson): Wilson’s Warbler
An adult male taken on May 16 comes from 3 miles east of
Waverly, in Union County.
WILSONIA CANADENSIS (Linnaeus): Canada Warbler
On the summit of Black Mountain, near Lynch, the Canada warbler
was fairly common. The three specimens obtained were taken at 3,800
and 3,900 feet elevation on June 20, 28, and 24. The last mentioned is a
juvenile bird barely grown.
SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA (Linnaeus): Redstart
Specimens were taken at the following places: Hickman, May 20 and
27; Waverly, May 6 and 9; Uniontown, May 13; Monticello, June 9;
Bardstown, April 24, 1877 (collected by C. W. Beckham); Mount
Vernon, October 1; Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, September 23 ;
4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 21; and
Quincy, July 11.
Oberholser ?? has recognized a western race of the redstart, using for
it the name ¢ricolora of Miiller and stating that “this western race
differs from the eastern form in smaller size, smaller orange or yellow
wing-spot; in the female also in paler, more grayish, less conspicuously
olivaceous, upper surface.”
To check this I have examined a large series of redstarts from the
entire breeding range of the species, and so far as I can determine there
are no definite characters that will allow the segregation of two sub-
species. Measurements of males taken from birds on or near their
breeding grounds from east and west are as follows (averages given
in parentheses) :
2 Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull. 28, 1938, pp. 572-573.
562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 88
Twenty-eight specimens from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Massa-
chusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania, wing 62.7-66.9 (65.0), tail
52.4-58.4 (55.4), culmen from base 10.2-12.6 (11.1), tarsus 16.0-18.1
(17.6) mm.
Eighteen specimens from Mackenzie, Athabaska, Alberta, Washing-
ton, Montana, and South Dakota, wing 61.5-65.1 (63.6), tail 53.5-59.2
(56.5), culmen from base 10.0-11.9 (10.4), tarsus 15.8-18.0 (17.0) mm.
With length of wing taken for a criterion, it may be noted that while
the smallest bird comes from the west (being a specimen taken on Slave
River, Athabaska, 10 miles below Peace River, June 15, 1901) the dif-
ference between it and the smallest eastern bird measured (a male
from Locust Grove, Pa., taken on June 27, 1895) is only 1.2 mm., while
the largest eastern bird exceeds the largest western skin by only 1.8
mm. ‘Though the western series averages very slightly smaller, this
difference for the two groups is only 1.4mm. It is obvious that there is
so much overlap that the identification of specimens on the basis of
larger or smaller size, except for a very few specimens, can only be by
arbitrary decision.
With regard to the wing spot, the basal portion of the secondaries,
except the innermost, and of the primaries, except the outermost, is
orange in the adult male and yellow in the female and immature
male. The wing spot is most prominent in the male as it averages
larger than in the female, in addition to being brighter colored. The
extent to which this orange is exposed is governed by the amount of
coverage by the overlying greater coverts and primary coverts. In
examining a considerable series of birds I find much variation in the
apparent size of this wing spot but cannot correlate this variation
with definite geographic area. It appears to me that one factor in
the apparent size of this wing spot is due to the method used by the
collector in preparing specimens. Many follow the practice—one
that to me has always seemed pernicious and that I have never fol-
lowed—of loosening the secondaries from the ulna in cleaning the flesh
from the wing. In the finished specimen this may easily change the
relation between the secondaries and the coverts overlying their bases,
and in the case of these redstarts may modify the apparent size of
the exposed section of orange color that constitutes the wing spots.
Finally Iam not able to detect differences in dorsal color in females
from the eastern and western areas.
Family ICTERIDAE
STURNELLA MAGNA MAGNA (Linnaeus): Eastern Meadowlark
The meadowlarks of Kentucky offer some difficulty in identification
since in the south and west there are birds intermediate between the
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 563
eastern and the southern forms, the latter ranging into the south-
western section of the State. In a pair from Corydon, Henderson
County, taken on May 14, the wing in the male is 123.5 mm. and in
the female 109.8 mm. They are rather deep yellow below, in this
seeming slightly intermediate toward the southern form, and are a
little dark above. While slightly intermediate they belong with the
northern bird. An adult male from Brandenburg, taken on April
30, with the wing 122.4 mm., is similar to them, as is a male taken at
Bardstown, April 14, 1877, by C. W. Beckham, which has the wing
120mm. Two fall males, shot 11 miles south of Brownsville on No-
vember 11, which measure 118.4 and 118.9 mm., are also rather bright
below, though lighter above. A breeding male collected 4 miles east
of Monticello on June 16, with the wing 117.3, is definitely intermedi-
ate in its brighter breast and is placed somewhat arbitrarily with
magna. More material is desirable from this area to settle the status
of its breeding birds. A female from Mount Vernon, secured on
October 5, is light in color and has the wing 105.3 mm. An adult
female from Middlesboro, September 29, measures 106.9 mm. A
juvenile bird just from the nest was collected at Fullerton, Greenup
County, on July 13.
STURNELLA MAGNA ARGUTULA Bangs: Southern Meadowlark
This race of meadowlark, distinguished by small size, brighter
yellow below, and darker hue above, is found in southwestern
Kentucky. An adult male shot on June 1 on the banks of the
Mississippi, in the small section of Fulton County that les in a loop
of the river south of New Madrid, Mo., is distinctly bright yellow
below and dark above and has the wing 112 mm. Another male
taken on May 30 about 4 miles southwest of Hickman, with the wing
measuring 116.8, is even darker above and brighter below. Fall
specimens include two males from Trigg County that also are identi-
fied as the southern race. One from Canton, November 2, measures
116.8, and one from 5 miles northeast of Golden Pond, November 3,
has the wing 115.3. The color in these two is deep. Two males
obtained 9 miles northeast of Madisonville on October 21, which
measure 116 and 116.8 mm., also belong in this series. The limit of
the ranges between the two forms in southwestern Kentucky thus is
indicated, though further collecting is necessary to determine the
northern limit of the race argutula.
AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS PHOENICEUS (Linnezeus): Eastern Red-wing
A fair series obtained both in the breeding season and in the time
of fall migration contains only specimens of this form. Records are
as follows: 4 miles southwest of Hickman, near the northern ex-
564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88
tremity of Reelfoot Lake, May 23 and 24; Waverly, May 11 and 12
(the last a male in the immature stage where the epaulets are almost
wholly black); Roundhill, November 12; Rock Haven, April 25;
Ghent, October 13; Burlington, October 13; Berea, October 4; and
Quincy, July 13.
ICTERUS SPURIUS (Linnaeus): Orchard Oriole
An adult male was taken 4 miles west of Stearns on June 16.
EUPHAGUS CAROLINUS (Miiller): Rusty Blackbird
A male comes from Roundhill, Butler County, November 11.
QUISCALUS VERSICOLOR Vieillot: Bronzed Grackle
Specimens were obtained as follows: Hickman, May 31; Waverly,
May 12; Roundhill, November 11 and 12; and Quincy, July 18 (in-
cluding one juvenile bird fully grown).
These are all typical of the bronzed grackle as would be expected
from the area covered. Elsewhere * I have indicated my reasons for
considering this bird as specifically distinct from the purple grackles
of more eastern range, and for using the name versicolor Vieillot
instead of aeneas Ridgway. My good friend Dr. Frank M. Chap-
man ** has objected to this on the ground that the specimen in the
Paris Museum may not be the actual type of Vieillot’s description.
While I hesitate to disagree, especially since Dr. Chapman has devoted
so much careful study to these grackles, I find it necessary after a
second review of the question to hold to my former statement.
MOLOTHRUS ATER ATER (Boddaert): Eastern Cowbird
The wide distribution of the cowbird during the nesting season is
indicated by the following records: On the Mississippi River in
extreme western Fulton County, in the area cut off from the rest of
the State and south of New Madrid, Mo., June 1; Waverly, May 7;
Rock Haven, April 26; Belfry, July 5 (immature) ; Quincy, J uly 12
(immature); and Fullerton, July 13. The last is an immature male
molting into first fall plumage.
Family THRAUPIDAE
PIRANGA ERYTHROMELAS Vieillot: Scarlet Tanager
The first scarlet tanagers of the spring were seen near Brandenburg
on April 21. Specimens are at hand from Uniontown, May 13;
43 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 86, 1939, pp. 230-281.
144 Auk, 1939, pp. 364—365.
7% See Auk, 1939, pp. 505-506.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY
WETMORE 565
Bardstown, May 7, 1881 (taken by C. W. Beckham) ; 4,100 feet eleva-
tion on Black Mountain, 4 miles southeast of Lynch, June 21; and
2,800 feet elevation on Log Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro,
September 17.
PIRANGA RUBRA RUBRA (Linnaeus) : Summer Tanager
Specimens were taken at the following localities: Near Hickman,
May 26; Brandenburg, May 3; Coopersville, June 6; Bardstown,
May 7, 1877 (shot by C. W. Beckham) ; and Belfry, July 8. They were
seen on Log Mountain, west of Middlesboro, on September 21, and
near Mount Vernon on October 1.
Family FRINGILLIDAE
RICHMONDENA CARDINALIS CARDINALIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Cardinal
The cardinal was recorded in all localities visited except on the
higher elevations of Black Mountain in Harlan County. Specimens
were obtained as follows: Hickman, May 20 and 24; Golden Pond,
November 3; Canton, October 29; Uniontown, May 5; Waverly, May
6; Madisonville, October 20; South Carrollton, October 18; Roundhill,
November 11; Brandenburg, April 20; Rock Haven, April 26; Bur-
lington, October 11; Rockybranch, June 8 (young bird recently from
nest) and 14; Monticello, June 9; Mount Vernon, October 4; 2,000
feet elevation on Log Mountain, Bell County, September 27; Middles-
boro, September 28; Belfry, July 4 (young bird recently from nest)
and 5; and Quincy, July 11.
HEDYMELES LUDOVICIANUS (Linnaeus): Rose-breasted Grosbeak
In spring specimens were taken at Brandenburg on April 30 and
at Uniontown on May 10. They were fairly common as breeding birds
on the summit of Black Mountain, near Lynch, where a male was col-
lected on June 21. Three were taken and others were seen on Log
Mountain, west of Middlesboro, on September 19, 20, and 23, and the
last of the season was secured at Mount Vernon on October 4.
PASSERINA CYANEA (Linnaeus): Indigo Bunting
In the summer season the indigo bunting is distributed through-
out the State. Specimens were secured as follows: Hickman, May
27; Uniontown, May 5; Waverly, May 11; Brandenburg, April 29;
Monticello, June 10; Coopersville, June 6; Mount Vernon, October 3
and 4; 2,300 feet elevation on Pine Mountain, near Whitesburg,
June 29; Quincy, July 12.
566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
SPIZA AMERICANA (Gmelin): Dickcissel
Throughout the open country of western Kentucky the dickcissel
is one of the common summer residents seen constantly in travel
along the roads. Specimens were obtained as follows: Hickman,
May 20, 28, and 31; Waverly, May 6, 7, and 11; and Corydon, May 14.
CARPODACUS PURPUREUS PURPUREUS (Gmelin): Eastern Purple Finch
In fall the purple finch was found at Roundhill, Butler County,
on November 7 and 12, two adult males and a female being taken.
One was collected at Bardstown on April 11, 1877, by C. W.
Beckham.
SPINUS PINUS PINUS (Wilson): Northern Pine Siskin
Two were taken on October 27 near South Carrollton. Later a
flock was recorded on November 12 near Brownsville.
SPINUS TRISTIS TRISTIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Goldfinch
Near Brandenburg goldfinches in molt from winter to summer
dress were taken April 23 and May 3. One from Waverly collected
on May 6 is just completing this molt. Summer birds were taken
at Monticello on June 10 and 15, at 3,800 feet elevation on Black
Mountain on June 23, and near Quincy on July 12. A juvenile
bird recently from the nest and an adult male in worn plumage
were collected at 2,800 feet on Log Mountain, 7 miles west of Mid-
dlesboro, on September 21, and other young birds in postjuvenal
molt were secured at Burlington on October 11. Specimens in win-
ter dress include one from South Carrollton, October 27; two from
Roundhill, November 7; and one from Lexington, November 17,
1898 (taken by E. A. Mearns).
LOXIA CURVIROSTRA Linnaeus: Red Crossbill
There is in the National Museum an adult male red crossbill, taken
at Bardstown in March 1883 by C. W. Beckham, that agrees with
Ludlow Griscom’s description of Loaia curvirostra neogaea. It is
dull red in color and has the following measurements: Wing 91, tail
52.2, culmen from base 17.3, depth of bill 9.2, tarsus 16.5 mm.
PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (Linnaeus): Red-eyed Towhee
Although two forms of towhee are found in Tennessee, the Alabama
towhee (Pipilo e. canaster) ranging in the southeastern and eastern
sections north to Shady Valley, the birds of Kentucky are all to be
classed as the typical form. The only suggestion of the more south-
16 Loxia curvirostra neogaea Griscom, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 41, Jan. 1937,
pp. 98, 110 (Lake Umbagog, Maine).
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY
WETMORE 567
ern race is found in three immature male birds taken on the summit
of Log Mountain, all being in molt from juvenal to first fall plumage.
In these the color of the flanks is very faintly paler than normal,
indicating some faint trace of the influence of the more southern form.
Specimens were obtained as follows: Waverly, May 7 and 9; Can-
ton, October 31; Madisonville, October 20; Roundhill, November 7;
Brandenburg, April 22 and 23; Ghent, October 11; English, October
12; Mount Vernon, October 3; Morehead, October 8; 2,800 feet eleva-
tion on Log Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, September 17;
2,300 feet elevation on Pine Mountain, near Whitesburg, June 29
(juvenile) ; and 4,000 and 4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain,
near Lynch, June 21, 22, and 23.
PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS SAVANNA (Wilson): Eastern Savannah Sparrow
The material recently collected from the eastern part of the Mis-
sissippl drainage, including birds from West Virginia, Tennessee,
and Kentucky, has made it important to review the entire collection
from the eastern United States in the National Museum in accord-
ance with the new understanding of the geographic races of this in-
teresting bird offered in the excellent study published recently by
James L. Peters and Ludlow Griscom.%*7 The work has involved
many days of careful consideration, and through a clearer under-
standing has changed a few of the identifications published in my
recent studies on birds from West Virginia and Tennessee. In the
present report therefore I have listed all this material again to bring
the record down to date. As Peters and Griscom have indicated,
identification of geographic races in this species, though highly in-
teresting, is much involved, and requires careful comparison of series
of specimens taken at the same season of the year. In the present
investigation the entire lot of birds was assorted by months so that
birds of exactly comparable stage of plumage could be examined
together.
After going into the question with much care I am still of the
opinion expressed earlier ’® that the Ipswich sparrow is specifically
distinct from the Savannah sparrows proper.
In modern application of trinomial nomenclature the tendency
of some workers seems to be to replace the species concept with its
division into geographic races with the “formenkreis” concept, and
to use the latter as the unit in nomenclature, differentiating all its
included forms by use of a third term in the scientific name. While
17 Geographical variation in the Savanna sparrow. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl, vol. 80,
Jan. 1938, pp. 445-478, 1 pl.
18 Wetmore, A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 86, 1989, pp. 286-237.
568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88
in many cases the formenkreis and the species unit may coincide, in
others the formenkreis may include units that are truly separate
specific entities, as well as those that cover intergrading geographic
races. It is only confusing and misleading to label distinct species
with a trinomial in the same manner as very slightly differentiated
subspecies. In some cases, in fact, the formenkreis may have the
same value as the subgenus, from a nomenclatural standpoint. In the
present case the Ipswich sparrow should continue to be listed as
Passerculus princeps.
With the rest of the conclusions reached by Peters and Griscom
with regard to eastern forms of the Savannah sparrow I am in
accord, though I believe that the material available now indicates a
slightly different understanding of the distribution of the far north-
ern forms. Disregarding for the moment the very gray race neva-
densis, which breeds from British Columbia, east of the Cascade
Range, to Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and eastward to Minne-
sota and southern Wisconsin, the two authors in question have recog-
nized two very dark forms heavily marked with black. One of these,
oblitus from the western side of Hudson Bay, has the dorsal surface,
aside from the very black dark markings, distinctly gray. The other,
labradorius, is as definitely brown. The race labradorius seems to
have its maximum expression in deep brown color in birds that I
have seen from Fort Chimo, in northern Ungava, while toward the
southeast in Labrador and Newfoundland it begins to intergrade with
the more southern form, savanna. This seems to indicate a wider
breeding range for /abradorius than previously supposed to the west
of Labrador, from which area many of the very dark brown birds
migrate southward into the Mississippi Valley. Here they mingle
with the grayer dark birds oblitus that are migrant from areas far-
ther west. This conception gives a more extended winter range to
laboradorius, as Peters and Griscom have reported this form in fall,
winter, and spring mainly along the Atlantic seaboard.
The race savanna is marked by lighter-brown dorsal plumage, with
the sides of the head paler, and the spots and streaks on the under
surface somewhat reduced and in the main dark brown.
The following specimens from Kentucky are identified as P. s. sa-
vanna: Cerulean, November 5; Canton, November 2; Madisonville,
October 24; South Carrollton, October 24, 25, and 27; Roundhill,
November 12; Bardstown, March 3, 1882 (taken by C. W. Beckham) ;
Berea, October 6; and Richmond, October 4.
West Virginia specimens are as follows: Big Burn, near Yokum
Knob, Middle Mountain, July 4, 1936; 3,200 feet elevation on Flat
Top Mountain, near Flat Top, October 15, 1936. (The remaining
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 569:
specimen recorded originally as savanna’ proves now to be
labradorius.)
Tennessee: Rockwood, March 18, 21, and 31, 1885, taken by A. H.
Fox. (The birds recorded *° as taken on April 7, 1885, by A. H. Fox
prove to be dabradorius, while the two reported from Bartlett, April
19, 1937, are oblitus. There is also a specimen of obdlitus shot at
Rockwood March 31, 1885, by A. H. Fox.)
PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS LABRADORIUS Howe: Labrador Savannah Sparrow
This race is marked by very dark color, with heavier and more
prominent black markings above, the feathers being bordered with
darker brown, the sides of the head darker, the edgings of the remiges
usually very rich dark brown, and the spots and streaks of the under
surface abundant and usually deep black in color. Specimens from
Kentucky include the following: 6 miles northwest of Brandenburg,
May 3; Mount Vernon, October 3 and 6; Berea, October 6; South
Carrollton, October 18 and 22; and Canton, November 1.
From West Virginia, in addition to the specimen taken November
2, 1936, at Mercers Bottom identified originally as labradorius, it now
appears that another taken at this same place on October 29 belongs
to this same race.
From Tennessee two skins from Rockwood collected on April 7,
1885, by A. H. Fox belong here, the form Jabradorius being an addi-
tion to the list of birds in my recent report on collections from that
State.
While Passerculus sandwichensis oblitus Peters and Griscom is not
represented in the present collection from Kentucky, it will un-
doubtedly be found there as a migrant.
PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS NEVADENSIS Grinnell: Nevada Savannah Sparrow
This race is much paler gray above, with the black markings re-
duced above and below, the sides of the head paler, the yellow over
the eye lighter and less in amount, and the bill usually more slender.
Peters and Griscom have extended the breeding range of this well-
marked form east to southern Wisconsin.
An immature male taken at South Carrollton on October 22 is
entirely characteristic of this well-marked form.
Two were taken in Tennessee, at Ellendale on April 17 and at
Bartlett on April 19, these having been recorded by me originally
as oblitus. They now prove to be nevadensis.
79 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, 1937, p. 436.
20 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 86, 1939, p. 236.
570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 89
AMMODRAMUS SAVANNARUM AUSTRALIS Maynard: Eastern Grasshopper Sparrow
The first arrival in spring was recorded at Brandenburg on April
20, and on April 27 a male was taken 4 miles southeast of that town.
A colony was located in June 4 miles east of Monticello, and two
adult males and a young bird able to fly were obtained on June 11.
Other males were collected 5 miles northeast of Quincy on July 11
and at Fullerton on July 12.
AMMODRAMUS SAVANNARUM BIMACULATUS Swainson: Western Grasshopper Sparrow
On April 30 an adult male of the western form of the grasshopper
sparrow was taken 6 miles northwest of Brandenburg. As another
secured 10 miles to the southeast is the eastern form, this bird must
be a migrant enroute to some breeding ground to the northwest.
Further studies should be made to determine whether the western
race is regularly present in migration in western Kentucky.
PASSERHERBULUS CAUDACUTUS (Latham): LeConte’s Sparrow
At dusk on October 24 a little over a mile west of South Carrollton
a little flock of these birds flew into a growth of bush-clover (Lespe-
deza) in a lowland field. The three specimens taken constitute one
of the interesting finds of the work of the fall season.
POOECETES GRAMINEUS GRAMINEUS (Gmelin): Eastern Vesper Sparrow
The vesper sparrow was seen at Brandenburg on April 20. In fall
migration specimens were taken at Bedford on October 13, Golden
Pond on November 3, and Cadiz on November 4.
CHONDESTES GRAMMACUS GRAMMACUS (Say): Eastern Lark Sparrow
The only lark sparrow from Kentucky available is a male taken at
Wickland estate, near Bardstown, Nelson County, April 25, 1877, by
C. W. Beckham.
AIMOPHILA AESTIVALIS BACHMANI (Audubon): Bachman’s Sparrow
The only specimen obtained is a male shot 6 miles northwest of
Brandenburg on April 21. This bird is identified as bachmani
though it is somewhat intermediate toward the more western race,
allinoensis.*+
JUNCO HYEMALIS HYEMALIS (Linnaeus) : Slate-colored Junco
This common winter resident and migrant was obtained as follows:
Ghent, October 14; Madisonville, October 20; Canton, October 29 and
31; and Roundhill, November 7.
21 See Wetmore, A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 86, 1939, p. 238.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 571
JUNCO HYEMALIS CAROLINENSIS Brewster: Carolina Junco
Perrygo found this race of the junco fairly common at 3,800 feet
and above on Black Mountain, near Lynch, and prepared six specimens
on June 20, 21, 22, and 29. These have the more uniform gray color,
with the head similar to the back, that marks this southern mountain
subspecies. Measurements are as follows: Males (4 specimens), wing
16.8, 17.3, 79.4, 80.5, tail 64.3, 66, 66.3, 70.3, culmen from base LAG
12.5, 12.8, 13.2, tarsus 21.2, 22.4, 22.4,29.7 mm. Females (2 specimens),
wing 72.4, 73.6, tail 61.8, 63.8, culmen from base 12.3, 12.7, tarsus 21.3,
22 mm.
Whether this junco nests elsewhere along the eastern boundary of
the State and its complete range within Kentucky should be ascer-
tained.
SPIZELLA PASSERINA PASSERINA (Bechstein): Eastern Chipping Sparrow
Specimens were obtained as follows: Cadiz, November 4; Branden-
burg, April 23 and 80; Bedford, October 18; Rockybranch, June 8 and
13; Monticello, June 16; and Middlesboro, September 28. One of
the birds from Bedford collected on October 18, an immature male, is
very much lighter above than the majority of eastern birds taken at
the same season, offering thus a definite resemblance to S. p. arizonae
in fall dress. On close examination, however, the Bedford bird is
deeper buffy brown than the western form. I have seen a few other
specimens from eastern localities that resemble it.
SPIZELLA PUSILLA PUSILLA (Wilson): Eastern Field Sparrow
The field sparrows of Kentucky are typical of the eastern form
until the extreme western border of the State is reached. An adult
female collected on June 1, in the segment of Fulton County separated
from the rest of the State by a loop of the Mississippi River, is very
slightly paler above, showing thus a faintly intermediate condition
toward the western race, arenacea. One fully grown, in juvenal plum-
age, shows the same characteristics as the adult. Both, however, are
to be classed as pusilla.
Other records are as follows: Waverly, May 7 and 9; Canton,
October 31 and November 2; Madisonville, October 20 and 24;
Brownsville, November 8; Brandenburg, April 20, 21, and 22; Bur-
lington, October 11; Bedford, October 13 (partial albino); Ghent,
October 14; Monticello, adult male June 11, juveniles June 10 and
15; Lexington, November 17, 1898 (taken by E. A. Mearns) ; Mount
Vernon, October 3; Middlesboro, September 28; at 3,900 to 4,100
feet elevation on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 22, 24 (juvenile),
and 28; Belfry, July 6 (juveniles).
572 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS LEUCOPHRYS (Forster): White-crowned Sparrow
The records obtained for this interesting sparrow were all made
in fall. The first seen were two immature females collected October
10 on the banks of the Ohio River 6 miles west of Burlington. Near
Ghent on October 14 an adult female was shot and several others
were seen. One was collected 9 miles northeast of Madisonville on
October 21, and near Canton the birds were common from October 31
to November 2, one being taken on the last date mentioned.
ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS (Gmelin): White-throated Sparrow
In spring two males were collected near Brandenburg on April 20
and 21, the birds being common at the time. The first in fall was
recorded at Mount Vernon on October 2. Specimens were taken at
English on October 12, Madisonville on October 20, Canton on Octo-
ber 29 and November 2, and Brownsville on November 8. The birds
were abundant at Roundhill on November 9.
PASSERELLA ILIACA ILIACA (Merrem): Eastern Fox Sparrow
Specimens of the fox sparrow were taken at South Carrollton on
October 24, Cerulean on November 5, and Roundhill on November 7.
MELOSPIZA LINCOLNIIE LINCOLNIL (Audubon): Lincoln’s Sparrow
One was shot 2 miles north of Mount Vernon, Rockcastle County,
on October 4.
MELOSPIZA GEORGIANA GEORGIANA (Latham): Eastern Swamp Sparrow
In his recent work on the birds of Louisiana Dr. Oberholser ?? has
separated a western race of the swamp sparrow, a proposal that ap-
pears to me valid after examination into it. The birds from the
eastern part of the range of the species are darker above, with the
brown more reddish, and the gray of the sides and hindneck darker.
In fall plumage, when the colors are deeper in tone, distinctness in
the shade of gray frequently disappears, but the darker color of the
upper surface in general serves to separate birds of the east.
In the material from Kentucky the following are identified as
the eastern race: Madisonville, October 24; Brandenburg, April 23;
Round Hill, November 7; Burlington, October 7; Berea, October 5;
and Mount Vernon, October 5 and 6.
In view of this recognition of two forms I have examined the
specimens secured in West Virginia in 1936 and in Tennessee in 1937
with the result that the following records pertain to the eastern
bird:
22 Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull. 28, 1938, p. 675.
NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 5i3
West Virginia (taken in 1936 unless otherwise noted): Middle
Mountain, 12 miles northeast of Durbin, June 29; Middle Mountain,
near Yokum Knob, July 4; Cranberry Glades, June 11 and 12; Ash-
ton, October 31; 2,000 feet elevation on Cherry Pond Mountain, near
Arnett, October 23; Orgas, October 24; 3,800 feet elevation on Cheat
Mountain, 3 miles west of Cheat Bridge, September 25; Cheat Bridge,
October 1, 1985; and 3,000 feet elevation on Williams River, Poca:
hontas County, October 3.
Tennessee (taken in 1937 unless otherwise noted) : Hickory Withe,
April 10; Reelfoot Lake, 2 miles east of Phillippy, October 12; 6
miles east of Pulaski, November 4; Rockwood, March 19, 20, and 238,
1885.
MELOSPIZA GEORGIANA ERICRYPTA Oberholser %: Western Swamp Sparrow
As indicated above the swamp sparrow of the western area of the
general range may be separated on the basis of lighter coloration
above, the brown of rump and back being distinctly lighter, with
the brownish edgings of the dorsal feathers paler and the gray of
the hindneck and sides of the neck paler. In fall these birds are
also lighter in color, especially on the rump and upper tail coverts.
As stated in the account of the eastern form the gray hues in fall
are somewhat darker, so that there is sometimes no distinction here.
These differences I have worked out from comparison of 10 breed-
ing males from West Virginia, western Pennsylvania, and Massa-
chusetts and 7 from Alberta (the type locality) and Mackenzie. The
characters once established are evident in migrant birds, but I am
not prepared at present to attempt to outline the distribution. Ober-
holser’s statement that the western birds are smaller is not borne
out by measurements that I have made, the two groups being
practically identical.
Following are specimens obtained as migrants in Kentucky that I
have assigned to this race: Canton, October 31; South Carrollton,
October 18 and 24; Roundhill, November 7 and 11; and Brandenburg,
April 23.
The following specimens from West Virginia pertain to this form
(taken in 1936): Huntington, May 2; Barboursville, October 26;
Mercers Bottom, October 30 and November 2; and 2,900 feet elevation
on Flat Top Mountain near Ghent, October 14.
From Tennessee the following were obtained (taken in 1937 unless
otherwise noted) : Hickory Withe, April 10 and 16; 3 miles north of
Tiptonville, October 16; Reelfoot Lake, 2 miles east of Phillippy, Oc-
23 Melospiza georgiana ericrypta Oberholser, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull. 28, 1938, p. 675
(Fort McMurray, Alberta).
574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
tober 23; Dover, October 26; 6 miles east of Frankewing, November
4; Rockwood, March 19, 1885.
MELOSPIZA MELODIA EUPHONIA Wetmore: Mississippi Song Sparrow
The abundant song sparrow is found throughout the State, all of a
long series of specimens obtained belonging to the present form.
Following are localities at which it was collected: Ohio River, near
Uniontown, May 5; Canton, October 29 and November 1; Madison-
ville, October 20 and 21; South Carrollton, October 27; Brandenburg,
May 2; Roundhill, November 7, 9, and 11; Bardstown, September 21,
1881 (taken by C. W. Beckham) ; Lexington, November 17, 1898 (taken
by E. A. Mearns); English, October 12; Bedford, October 13; Bur-
lington, October 10; Mount Vernon, October 3 and 4; Middlesboro,
September 28; Cumberland, June 25; and Quincy, July 11 and 12.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3090
SEVEN NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW GENUS OF
HYDROIDS, MOSTLY FROM THE ATLANTIC OCEAN
By C. McLran Fraser
Somz time ago the United States National Museum forwarded to
me for examination a large collection of hydroids taken mostly by the
United States Bureau of Fisheries from the North American coastal
area of the Atlantic Ocean. As yet only about one-third of the ma-
terial has been examined, but this has provided nearly 600 distribu-
tion records of 127 species. At this stage it would not be expedient
to assemble and digest these distribution records, but it might be a
good time to report and describe the new species already observed.
There are seven of these species, one of them apparently belonging
to a new genus, and a gonosome of a species in which the trophosome
has already been described. All but one of these were obtained
from the Atlantic. The exception, Diphasia crassa, appeared in
dredged material obtained on the west coast of Chile, a short dis-
tance north of the western entrance to the Strait of Magellan.
I wish here to express my appreciation of the courtesy shown by
the United States National Museum in providing the opportunity
to examine this interesting material. I am indebted, as well, to Miss
Ursula Dale, assistant in the department of zoology in the Univer-
sity of British Columbia, for drawing the figures.
Genus EUDENDRIUM Ehrenberg
EUDENDRIUM RUGOSUM, new species
PLATE 32, Ficure 1
Trophosome.—Colonies growing in close clusters, reaching a height
of 15 mm.; stems simple, not annulated, but decidedly wrinkled.
575
214225—40
576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob, 88
throughout, as are also the branches and pedicels. Branches leave
the stem at an acute angle and pass upward in the same general
direction as the stem; pedicels for the hydranths forming an acute
angle with the branches.
Gonosome.—Male gonophores borne on pedicels arising from the
main stem or the branches in a whorl, around the base of an aborted
hydranth; 3-chambered. Female gonosome not observed.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 43433. Taken by the United States Fisheries
steamer Albatross southeast of Newfoundland, latitude 46°53’ N.,
_ longitude 44°39’30’" W., 76 fathoms, August 11, 1886.
Genus CAMPANULARIA Lamarck
?7 CAMPANULARIA ABYSSA, new species
PLATE 32, FIGURE 2
Trophosome.—Colony 2 cm. high; stem simple, slender, not exten-
sively branched, usually one branch from a node, but sometimes
two opposite branches, making a wide angle with the stem; hydro-
thecae regularly alternate, with pedicels much the same length as
the hydrothecae; pedicel tapering into base of hydrotheca, and the
hydrotheca increasing in diameter very gradually to the margin, so
that the hydrotheca is not far from being tubular; margin entire,
sometimes duplicated; diaphragm delicate, much like that in Licto-
rella.
The whole colony is almost free of annulations; occasionally there
is one near the proximal end of the branch and one or two through-
out its length, always appearing singly.
Gonosome.—Unknown.
Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 43434. Taken by the United States Fish-
eries steamer Albatross southeast of Cape Cod, latitude 39°22’50’’
N., longitude 68°25’ W., 1,608 fathoms, July 19, 1883.
This species can be put in this genus only provisionally, since no
gonosome was present in the material. It is doubtful even whether
it should be placed in the Campanularidae, since the diaphragm is
not typically campanularian.
Genus GONOTHYRAEA Allman
GONOTHYRAEA INTEGRA, new species
PLATE 32, FIGURE 3
Trophosome.—Colonies minute, less than 8 mm. in length, un-
branched, with one branch, or with very few branches; stem slender,
slightly geniculate, annulated at the base and above each node;
hydrothecae regularly alternate from pedicels that are annulated
at both ends, leaving only a small part free of annulations; hydro-
thecae broadly campanulate, almost or quite as deep as wide; mar-
gin entire.
NEW HYDROIDS—FRASER 517
Gonosome.—Gonangium oval or obovate, supported on short, an-
nulated pedicels, growing from the axils of the hydrothecal pedi-
cels.
Type—U.S.N.M. No. 48435. Taken by the United States Fish-
eries steamer Fish Hawk, 114, miles from North Light, Block Island,
east of Long Island, N. Y., on Sargassum dredged in 13 fathoms,
August 24, 1880.
This species was associated with Gemmaria costata, Clytia cylin-
drica, Halecitum bermudense, and Aglaophenia minuta, all, at times,
Gulf weed species. The Sargasswm must have drifted north in the
Gulf Stream and then been sidetracked to sink in this location.
Genus EGMUNDELLA Stechow
EGMUNDELLA FASCICULATA, new species
PLATE 82, FIGguRE 4
Trophosome.—Colonies strongly fascicled in the basal portion,
reaching a height of 35 mm.; the terminal portion of the main stem
and of the branches simple; the simple portion may be short or
rather long, supporting several hydrothecae; stems, branches, and
pedicels smooth, or at the most slightly wavy, no distinct annula-
tions; the pedicels growing from the fascicled portion of the stem
are commonly longer than those from the simple stem or portion
of branch.
Hydrotheca broadening gradually and slightly toward the distal
end; operculum of rather few segments, 8 or at most 10.
On the fascicled portion of the stem and on the pedicels arising
from that portion, there are numerous large nematophores, singly
or in groups of two or three; none was observed on the simple por-
tion of the stem or branches.
Gonosome.—Unknown.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 43486. Taken by the United States Fish-
eries steamer Fish Hawk off Marthas Vineyard, latitude 40°03’ N., lon-
gitude 70°31’ W., 100 fathoms, August 31, 1881.
Genus STEGOPOMA Levinsen
STEGOPOMA FASTIGIATA (Alder)
PLATE 33, FIGURE 5
Calycella fastigiata Auprr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 3, p. 73, 1860.
Trophosome.—Individual hydrothecae growing at irregular inter-
vals from a smooth, slender stolon, definitely pedicellate, straight,
almost tubular, but rather rapidly tapering to the pedicels; oper-
culum consisting of the regular two membranes meeting along a
ridge, with the walls of the hydrotheca produced to form a gable
to support the operculum.
578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob, 88
Gonosome (not previously described).—Gonangium arising from
the stolon with a pedicel similar to that of the hydrotheca, similar
in shape but much larger and somewhat curved; distal end obliquely
truncate, narrowed but slightly: sporosacs few, similar in appear-
ance to those in the genus Gonothyraea.
Type—vU. S. N. M. No. 43487. Taken by the United States Fish-
eries steamer /%sh Hawk off Marthas Vineyard, latitude 40°03’ N.,
longitude 70°31’ W., growing over a Haleciwm in 100 fathoms, Au-
gust 23, 1881.
Genus HALECIUM Oken
HALECIUM DIMINUTIVUM, new species
é
PLATE 33, FIGURE 6
Trophosome.—Colony minute from a creeping stolon, with no
continuous main stem; a simple pedicel grows from the stolon, giv-
ing rise to a flaring hydrophore, terminally; in some cases, just
below the hydrophore, a second pedicel may be given off, turning
upward abruptly at the base; in one instance this is repeated so
that there are three hydrophores in the colony; this colony had a
total length of 12mm. The stolon is not annulated, but the pedicels
are decidedly so; the interspace extends outward to a decided ridge
so that the surface of the pedicel is much more irregular than in
ordinary annulated pedicels or stems.
Gonosome.—Unknown.
Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 43438. Taken by the United States Bureau
of Fisheries on Nantucket shoals, on Sertularella, depth not given.
EUPERISIPHONIA, new genus
Trophosome.—Colony with a stout, rigid stem and somewhat
slenderer, but still rigid, branches. Stem and branches fascicled, the
fascicle consisting of an axial tube, bearing hydrothecae, and sev-
eral peripheral tubes that are nonthecate. The hydrothecae are reg-
ularly alternate, loosely adherent for a portion of their length. On
the main portion of the axial tube there are no nematophores, but
one is present at the base of each hydrotheca. The peripheral tubes
are provided with numerous long, slender nematophores.
The trophosome of this species resembles that of Perisiphonia but
differs from it in having adherent hydrothecae and nematophores
at the base of the hydrothecae.
Gonosome.—Unknown.
Genotype.—l. rigida, new species.
NEW HYDROIDS—FRASER 579
EUPERISIPHONIA RIGIDA, new species
PLATE 33, FIGURE 7
Trophosome.—Colony consisting of a straight, rigid, fascicled
stem (largest fragment 3.5 cm.) and stiff, straight branches given
off in subopposite pairs, almost at right angles to the stem. The
axial tube is slender, with hydrothecae arranged in regular alter-
nation. Hydrotheca on a short pedicel, tubular, with a sharp curve,
so that the distal portion is almost at right angles to the proximal
portion, with a distinct perisarcal thickening in the concavity; the
basal portion, at least one-half, is adherent to the stem, from which
it is readily separated by immersion in hot, weak potash solution.
There may be one or two reduplications of the margin, which is
entire. There is a nematophore on each pedicel, near the base of
the hydrotheca.
The peripheral tubes are more numerous in the proximal portion
of both stem and branches, but they do not disappear entirely even
at the tips of the branches; they bear no hydrothecae, but the long,
slender nematophores are numerous.
Gonosome.—Unknown.
Type—U.S.N.M. No. 43489. Taken by the United States Fish-
eries steamer Albatross in Yucatan channel, latitude 20°59’30” N.,
longitude 86°23’45’" W., 130 fathoms, January 22, 1885.
Genus DIPHASIA Agassiz
? DIPHASIA CRASSA, new species
PLATE 33, FicuRrE 8
Trophosome.—Stem heavy and coarse, rigid, and straight, divided
into regular internodes by transverse nodes; each internode with a
proximal pair of opposite hydrothecae, then an opposite pair of
branches, followed by two opposite pairs of hydrothecae. Branches
given off in opposite pairs from the stem are slenderer than the stem
but still stiff and rigid; constrictions between the pairs of hydro-
thecae form rather indefinite nodes. Hydrothecae opposite, although
there may be a single one at the proximal end of the branch, cylin-
drical, curved slightly outward, adnate for the greater part of their
length; margin entire or very slightly sinuous, sometimes with re-
duplications; operculum delicate, of one adculine flap.
Gonosome—Unknown.
Type—U.S.N.M. No. 43440. Taken by the United States Fish-
eries steamer Albatross, southwest coast of Chile, latitude 51°12’ S.,
longitude 74°13’30’7 W., 258 fathoms, February 6, 1888.
bo
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
(All figures magnified approximately 20 diameters)
PLATE 32
. Eudendrium rugosum: Portion of colony showing the wrinkled perisare and
the male gonophores.
. Campanularia abyssa: a, Portion of colony showing nature and arrange-
ment of the hydrothecae; b, portion of colony showing branching.
. Gonothyraea integra: Portion of colony showing hydrothecae and gono-
phores.
. Egmundella fasciculata: a, Portion of fascicled stem showing position of the
nematophores; b, portion of simple stem without nematophores.
PLATE 33
. Stegopoma fastigiata: a, Portion of colony showing hydrotheca and gono-
phore; 0, another view of the hydrotheca.
. Halecium diminutivum: a, Portion of stolon with single hydrophores and one
colony with two hydrophores; 6, a colony with three hydrophores.
. Euperisiphonia rigida: a, Portion of colony showing fascicled stem and
branches; b, portion of the axial tube bearing hydrothecae; c, portion of
the axial tube with the hydrothecae separated from the wall of the tube.
. Diphasia crassa: a, Portion of main stem showing the proximal part of
the opposite branches; 0, portion of branch showing arrangement of the
hydrothecae.
580
‘). S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 32
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
NEw ATLANTIC HYDROIDS.
FOR EXPLANATION SEE PAGE 580.
PLATE 33
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
NEW HYDROIDS.
CHR CYWDI ANIATIONA Cee PACE Ren
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3091
A PREHISTORIC ROULETTE FROM WYANDOTTE COUNTY,
KANSAS
By Watpo R. WepEL and Harry M. TrowsripGe
In the American Anthropologist for 1892, in two papers under the
title “Studies in Aboriginal Decorative Art,’ Dr. W. H. Holmes
discussed the use of the stamp or figured paddle by native potters of
the Eastern United States. The second of these articles, devoted to
“the rocking stamp or roulette,’ pointed out the logical relationship
evidenced in decorative techniques between certain simple stamped
wares of the Ohio-Ilinois-Indiana area and a rouletted or rocked
stamp ware (since termed Hopewell or Hopewellian) more widely
distributed in the upper Mississippi Basin. Holmes indicated the
relative ease with which straight wooden (?) stamps or dies with
carved ends, such as those suggested by sherds ‘‘coming from the
vicinity of Naples, Scott county, Illinois,’ could have developed into
handled forms with curved edge or face, and these in turn into a
wheellike type of implement. By mounting a notched cardboard
disk on a penholder, and inking the edge of the disk, he produced
broken-line designs closely resembling the impressions characteristic
of his rouletted pottery ware (1892b, pl. 2, fig. 1; 1903, fig. 72). His
observations ended on the somewhat pessimistic note (1892b, p. 152)
that—
It is not to be expected that examples of these notched decorating tools will
ever be recovered. Their burial with the dead would at best be of rare occurrence;
besides, they were probably of wood and thus subject to rapid decay unless buried
with copper or imbedded in some form of preservative salts. The exact form of
the tool as a whole cannot be fully determined, but there need be no question
as to its general character and the methods of its use.
224250—40) 581
582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
Despite the accumulating wealth of archeological materials in
subsequent years, there has been a notable absence of recorded arti-
facts that could with certainty be regarded as tools for producing
indented pottery decoration. A brief search of the literature suggests
a tacit assumption by some archeologists that a notched wheellike
object was used, as when they speak of “‘roulette’’ impressions (e. g.,
McKern, 1931; Setzler, 1933; Cole and Deuel, 1937). Others, per-
haps with less faith in Holmes’ experiments, have preferred a less
committal term such as ‘‘curved dentate stamp,” ‘notched rocker,”’
etc. Willoughby (1922, p. 92), describing pottery from the Turner
mound group, speaks of ‘‘zigzag patterns which were not made with
a roulette, as suggested by Holmes, but with a tool more or less gouge-
shaped, having a plain or notched edge, which was pressed against the
soft clay with a rocking motion, each opposite corner being raised
and slightly advanced alternately, the tool not being wholly lifted
from the vessel.”
All these various terms and interpretations suggest devices by
which clay vessels could have been ornamented, but so far as we are
aware none rests on incontrovertible archeological evidence derived
from the finding of the envisioned implements. More recently it has
been demonstrated in the laboratory that certain pottery markings
found at Marksville, La., in all probability represent impressions from
the edge of a bivalve marine mollusk of the scallop or pecten family
(Setzler, 1934, fig. 44, middle row; and unpublished notes). Fewkes
(1937, p. 148) has described a flat elliptical end-notched stone object
from Minnesota ‘that is unquestionably a stone stamp used for
imprinting the roulette design on unfired clay.’”’ The same writer,
scouting Holmes’ theory of a roulette because of lack of supporting
evidence, offers no alternative explanation for the even continuous
lines of indented impressions that sometimes encircle, or partially
cover the decorated surfaces of, vessels from the Hopewellian area.
In 1939 the junior writer was engaged in excavations at a small pre-
historic village site about a mile south of the Missouri River near
Bethel, Wyandotte County, Kans. Occupational debris, including
sherds of varying types, worked and unworked flints, bone artifacts,
limestone fragments, broken animal bones, charcoal, and burnt clay,
occurs here in a dark horizon about 18 inches thick and in circular
pits, overlain by about 22 inches of culturally barren colluvial soils.
Up to the present time digging has been confined to the gullied margin
of the site overlooking a small unnamed creek. Owing to the thickness
of overburden, modern cultivation has not as yet disturbed the greater
portion of the site along the creek bank. In most particulars the
remains so far found appear to parallel others recovered by the United
States National Museum in 1937 at the Renner site 5 or 6 miles to
A PREHISTORIC ROULETTE—WEDEL AND TROWBRIDGE 583
the northeast in Platte County, Mo. (Wedel, 1938). Tentatively,
both sites have been assigned to a western Hopewellian manifestation.
On June 11, 1939, a small object at first believed to be made of bone
was uncovered near the southern border of the site. It was 14 inches
below the top of the cultural horizon, at a depth below the present
surface of 26 inches. Unassociated with any feature indicative of its
use, it had apparently been discarded by its aboriginal owner because of
breakage. On January 15, 1940, it was forwarded to the National
Museum for examination by the senior writer.
Ficure 49.—End and side views of roulette (X 1).
The material of which the specimen was fashioned, though super-
ficially much altered in the process of dressing and finishing, 1s tenta-
tively identified by the division of mammals, United States National
Museum, as deerhorn from a “spike” buck. The base of the horn has
been ground off about the edges, where the “burr” normally occurs,
and is convex in profile. Above this base the specimen contracts
rapidly in size, tapering out to a round stem carved from the shaft of
the horn, and broken at the end. Its general appearance thus is
much like the head and upper end of an ordinary straight pin. The
head of the ‘‘pin”’ is slightly elliptical (fig. 49, @) and measures 22 by 24
mm. The periphery, thin and sharpish (fig. 49, 9), has 19 small
V-shaped notches, which are unequally spaced. At the broken end
the stem is 6 mm. in diameter. The overall length, which offers no
clue to the original length, is now about 35 mm. As is shown in figure
49, b, the stem is not in the center of the head, nor does it rise at a mght
angle with the plane of the notched edge. This placement, im all
probability dictated by the natural conformation of the raw material,
is most advantageous for the use to which the object, in our opinion,
was put. All the surfaces have been smoothed, and the notched edge
appears to be well worn.
When the implement, held lightly between thumb and index finger,
is rolled in plastic clay it leaves a curved V-shaped line interrupted by
low transverse ridges 1% to 3 mm. apart. With very little effort
a symmetrical curve 25-35 mm. long can be made; longer lines up to 50
or 55 mm. are probably possible, but when made by inexperienced
hands these tend to lose their uniformly even curve. At the end of a
584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
line, if the object be rolled back at a slightly different angle but without
lifting it from the clay, a second line of indentations results. This
procedure, repeated indefinitely, produces a band of “dentate rocker”
impressions that duplicate in every essential the markings on sherds
actually found at the Trowbridge site (ef. figs. 50, d; and cOee Be
In the sherd illustrated (fig. 50, 6) the markings made by the native
potter differ from those produced on plasticine in the laboratory (fig.
50, a) in being more closely spaced and somewhat deeper. The greater
depth is probably due to the use of a sharper or less worn tool.
Ficure 50.—Impressions produced on plastic clay (a) by roulette, compared with rouletted
sherd (6) from Trowbridge site, Wyandotte County, Kans.
From our experiments and field observations, we are led to believe
that this type of tool, with certain easily made variants, was in general
use among the potters of the Trowbridge, Renner, and culturally re-
lated sites of the Kansas City area. The off-center and oblique
placement of the handle, together with a slightly elongate wheel, forms
an ideal combination for making curved rocker impressions. Smooth
or edentate rocker marks, which decidedly predominate over the
dentate style in this locality, could have been produced with an iden-
tical implement from which the rim notches had been omitted.
Owing to the eccentric placement of the handle, a continuous indented
line tends to be wavy and undulating, though an experienced operator
would probably have better success than we. But this difficulty could
be easily remedied: a centrally placed handle at right angles to the
plane of the working edge would permit the easy production of straight
lines of any desired length. Given the essential idea, as in the present
specimen, it is within the bounds of reason and probability that the
variants, though not yet recognized in the local archeology, were
known and used in aboriginal times.
A PREHISTORIC ROULETTE—WEDEL AND TROWBRIDGE 585
While we incline to the view that this interpretation of certain
characteristic decorative techniques in the Kansas City locale may be
applicable over a very much wider area in the Mississippi-Ohio region,
there is no attempt to assert here that all pottery showing indentations
or rocker marks was necessarily worked over with a tool of identical
type. Simple toothed stamps, both straight and curved, were used to
a limited extent at the Renner and Trowbridge sites for roughening
portions of the vessel surfaces, and compound stamp impressions occur
on sherds from neighboring sites. It is possible that still other types
of implements with curved edges such as the shells already mentioned
served occasionally to produce rocker impressions. Forms without
side handles, however, must have been much more awkward to use or
would at any rate seem to involve more tiring movements of the wrist
and hand. The roulette from the Trowbridge site, requiring little
more than a simple rolling motion of the fingers, operates with an ease
and effectiveness that would seem difficult or impossible to equal with
flat end-notched objects, sticks, gougelike forms, or shells unless they
were In some way provided with a handle. We concur in Holmes’
observation (1892b, p. 150) that—
Mounting upon a handle is essential to the free and proper use of this tool [i. e.
the curved-edge stamp]. The step from the use of the curved edge to the employ-
ment of a wheel is a slight one, although the advantage gained is very great.
Mounted upon a handle the notched wheel * * * may be revolved at will
encircling the vessel or giving lines or filling spaces of any length.
It may be noted that sherds from the Renner and Trowbridge sites,
where ornamented with vertical rocker marks, characteristically
appear to have the convex side of the marks to the right as one views
the upright pot or potsherd. The Trowbridge roulette, however,
when held in the right hand, produces curves convex to the left. Does
this mean that the ancient potters here were left-handed? Or, if
right-handed, did they invert or lay the pots on the side to apply the
ornamentation? Or, again, did they lean over the upright pot and
work on the far side?
It is unfortunate that the handle of this implement is broken off.
Were the degree of taper manifested by the remaining stub continued
3 to 5 em. farther, one would suspect that the tip could have been
used in making the punched bosses frequently found on local rim
sherds (Wedel, 1938, pl. 3, F—I).
In our opinion, this specimen fully vindicates Holmes’ theory that
a type of roulette was part of the material equipment of the native
potters who produced the “rouletted”’ wares of the upper Mississippi
Basin. It is immaterial that the technique often used was rocking
or partial rolling, since this can be done quite as effectively and
easily—perhaps more so—with a notched disk as with any other
primitive tool. As for the long indented lines sometimes found on
586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88
pottery of the region (Wedel, 1938, pl. 7A; Holmes, 1892b, pl. 2, fig. 2),
these must often have been produced by a continuously rolled wheel
rather than by the repeated application of a straight stamp. The
apparent absence of roulettes from most archeological sites may
indeed be due, as Holmes suggested, to the fact that they were custo-
marily made of wood or other perishable substance. Alternatively,
it may reflect only the relatively small amount of excavation per-
formed at village sites whose inhabitants, to judge from the decora-
tive techniques shown by their pottery remains, might be suspected
of having possessed such tools. A careful reexamination of extant
collections might bring to light specimens similar to that described
herein that are now otherwise classified as ornaments or problematical
forms. In any event, whatever the eventual distribution of wheellike
specimens of this nature proves to be, and granting the probability
that simpler noncircular rockers and curved-edge stamps existed, we
submit that the Trowbridge find substantiates (cf. Fewkes, op. cit.)
“ “rouletting’ on the principle of wheel-rolling, as originally deduced
by Holmes * * * in aboriginal American ceramics.”
LITERATURE CITED
Coie, Fay-Coorsmr, and DrEUEL, THORNE.
1937. Rediscovering Illinois, 295 pp., 37 figs., 36 pls. University of Chicago
Publication in Anthropology: Archaeological Series.
FEWwKES, VLADIMIR J.
1937. Aboriginal potsherds from Red River, Manitoba. Amer. Antiquity,
vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 143-155.
Houtmes, WILuiAM HENRY.
1892a. Studies in aboriginal decorative art, I. Amer. Anthrop., old ser.,
vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 67—72, 1 fig., 2 pls.
1892b. Studies in aboriginal decorative art, II. Jbid., No. 2, pp. 149-152, 2 pls.
1903. Aboriginal pottery of the Eastern United States. 20th Ann. Rept.
Bur. Amer. Ethnol., pp. 1-237, 79 figs., 177 pls.
McKeEnrv, W. C.
1931. A Wisconsin variant of the Hopewell culture. Bull. Public Mus.
City of Milwaukee, vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 185-328, 14 figs., 30 pls.,
2 maps.
SETZLER, FRANK M.
1933. Pottery of the Hopewell type from Louisiana. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 82, art. 22, 21 pp., 6 figs., 7 pls.
1934. A phase of Hopewell mound builders in Louisiana. Explorations and
Field-Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1933, pp. 38-40, 4 figs.
WEDEL, WaLpo R.
1938. Hopewellian remains near Kansas City, Missouri. Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 86, pp. 99-106, 6 pls.
WILLOUGHBY, CHARLES C.
1922. The Turner group of earthworks, Hamilton County, Ohio. Papers
Peabody Mus. Amer. Arch. and Ethnol., Harvard Univ., vol. 8,
No. 3, 132 pp., 47 figs., 27 pls.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940
INDEX
(New genera, species, etc., are printed in italics)
abdominalis var. a, Exetastes, 364.
abyssa, ? Campanularia, 576, 580.
Acanthacorydalis, 179.
kolbei, 180.
orientalis, 180.
Acanthapogon, 413.
vanderbiliti, 413.
Acanthocolpidae, 49.
Acanthocottus aeneus, 65, 68.
octodecimspinosus, 48, 64, 68, 88.
Accacladium, 147.
serpentulus, 147.
Accacladocoelium, 146.
macrocotyle, 146.
Accacoeliidae, 145.
Accacoelium, 145.
eontortum, 145,
Accipiter striatus velox, 534.
Accipitridae, 534.
Achirus fasciatus, 68, 88.
achrusterus, Turdus migratorius, 551.
Acipenser fulvescens, 480.
sturio, 50.
acolhua, Pheidole vasliti var., 445.
Acrobasis sp., 334, 353.
Acroneuria, 174, 175.
grahami, 175.
yiui, 175.
Acropoma, 404, 408.
japonicum, 408, 414, 415 (fig.).
philippinense, 419.
Actitis macularia, 536.
Adenapogon, 408.
(Secopelapogon) woodi, 408.
Adoneta spinuloides, 282, 352.
adscendens, Hucharis, 425.
adspersus, Tautogolabrus, 76, 88, 120,
138, 155.
adsperus, Ctenolabrus, 482.
aenea, Orasema, 437, 443.
aeneus, Acanthocottus, 65, 68.
aequalis, Glossosoma, 202.
aequalis, Nothochrysa, 187.
aestiva, Dendroica aestiva, 557.
aestivalis, Pomolobus, 120.
affine, Octoplectanum, 13.
affinis, Brachyphallus, 125.
Chilodipterus, 418, 418.
Diclidophora, 13.
Leucopsis, 270, 271 (fig).
agassizi, Dionchus, 4.
Agelaius phoeniceus phoeniceus, 563.
aggregatus, Cymatogaster, 489, 491.
Aglaophenia minuta, 577.
440140—42——_1
Aimophila aestivalis bachmani, 570.
aestivalis illinoensis, 570.
ainslieli, Pyrausta, 357.
alamedensis, Cryptohelcostizus, 357, 358.
Cryptus, 357.
Alaudidae, 543.
Albatrossia pectoralis, 13.
albicollis, Zonotrichia, 572.
albifrons, Chalcis, 339.
Smicra, 339, 340.
Spilochalcis, 328, 339, 352, 353, 354.
albilora, Dendroica dominica, 558.
albomarginata, Amia, 412.
albopunctatus, Halesinus, 218, 219.
Alcedinidae, 538.
alcyon, Megaceryle alecyon, 538.
alethes, Chrysopa, 188, 191.
aliciae, Hylocichla minima, 552.
alienus, Huroleon, 195.
Allemerobius, 182, 183.
flaveolus, 184.
alletteratus, Euthynnus, 130.
Allocreadiidae, 62.
Aljloereadiinae, 62.
almae, Hylocichla ustulata, 551.
alnifolius, Cereocarpus, 389.
Alosa sapidissima, 76.
alosae, Argulus, 475, 481 (fig.).
alticola, Himalopsyche, 200.
alticola, Vireo solitarius, 555.
alutus, Apogon, 411.
ambloplites, Proteocephalus, 158.
Ambloplites rupestris, 508.
Ameiurus natalis, 486, 508.
nebulosus, 486, 508, 514.
sp., 486.
Amelanchier, 373.
florida, 389.
americana, Certhia familiaris, 548.
Fulica americana, 535,
Morone, 11, 55, 62, 68, 88, 89, 97, 126.
Prunus, 393.
Spiza, 566.
americanus, Ammodytes, 55, 68, 76, 85,
126, 168.
Anthocotyle merluccii, 14.
Argulus, 468, 469, 478, 504 (fig.),
507, 508, 509.
Coceyzus americanus, 537.
Hemitripterus, 55, 65, 68, 126, 138.
Homarus, 38.
Istiophorus, 8.
Menticirrhus, 137.
Pleorchis, 162.
Pseudopleuronectes, 40, 64, 65, 76,
88, 97, 120, 493, 496, 500.
587
588
Amia, 409, 410.
albomarginata, 412.
angustata, 411.
atrogaster, 412.
calva, 486, 505.
compressa, 411.
diencaea, 411.
diversa, 412.
doryssa, 411.
exostigma, 411.
gilberti, 411.
grossidens, 414.
(Amioides) grossidens, 416, 419.
guadalupensis, 412.
hyalina, 412.
jenkinsi, 411.
kalosoma, 410.
moluccensis, 409.
nigrocineta, 412.
parvula, 410, 412.
percaeformis, 410.
retrosella, 411.
robusta, 411.
striata, 412.
uninotata, 412.
versicolor, 408.
Amioides, 416.
Ammodramus
570.
savannarum bimaculatus, 570.
Ammodytes americanus, 55, 68, 76, 85,
126, 168.
amoena, Chalcis, 260, 261.
Metadontia, 261, 277
(fig.), 352.
Smicra, 261.
Amphibdella, 4.
flavolineata, 4.
Amphipsyche, 207.
proluta, 207.
Amphotistius say, 497.
amplus, Pseudostenophylax, 213, 214.
Anabolia, 210.
anale, Glossosoma, 202, 208.
anatifera, Lepas, 225, 226 (fig.), 230.
anatum, Falco peregrinus, 534.
Anchovyiella epsetus, 120.
aneylae, Spilochalcis torvina, 339, 352.
Ancylis comptana, 334, 338, 340, 341,
353.
savannarum australis,
(fig.), 329
Givisana, 338, 340, 353.
Anecyrocephalus, 3.
parvus, 3.
Anecystrocephalus microcephalus, 147.
Angitia hellulae, 388, 354.
plutellae, 338, 354.
Anguilla rostrata, 50, 68, 126, 137, 138,
496.
angustata, Amia, 411.
Ankylopteryx, 175, 187.
8-punctata, 187.
Annandalla, 182.
annectens, Neoscombrops,
(fig.), 422,
annularis, Promoxis, 514.
403, 418
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL
MUSEUM. VOL. 88
anomala, Himalopsyche
nes), 201.
anomalus, Apogonops, 423.
antennata, Schizaspidia, 432, 433.
antennatus, Psilogaster, 427.
Anthocotyle, 14.
merluccii americanus, 14.
Anthonoimus grandis, 355, 354.
Anthus spinoletta rubescens, 553.
Antrostomus carolinensis, 537.
vociferus vociferus, 537.
apaiis, Spilochaicis, 270, 271 (fig.), 308,
315, 316.
Apanteles, 344.
atalantae, 340, 354.
congregatus, 340, 354.
delicatus, 348, 354.
griffini, 340, 354.
lacteicolor, 340, 354.
marginiventris, 297, 320, 354.
militaris, 338, 340, 354.
sp., 297, 348, 354.
Apatania, 210.
Aphidiidae, 524.
Aplodinotus grunniens, 21, 24.
apoderi, Brachyscleroma, 370, 371 (fig.).
Apoderus quadripunctatus, 372.
Apogon, 404, 409, 411, 414, 415 (fig.).
aiutus, 411.
aprion, 410.
atricaudus, 411.
auritus, 450.
bleekeri, 412.
erythrinus, 411.
evermanni, 411.
fraenatus, 410.
graefii, 410.
hyalosoma var. torresiensis, 410.
menesemus, 411.
nematoptera, 410.
pandionis, 409.
polystigma, 422.
roseigaster, 408.
ruber, 409.
sellicauda, 411.
snyderi, 411.
unicolor, 411.
Apogonichthys, 410.
gracilis, 410.
mentalis, 411.
nofse, 411.
perdix, 410.
stellatus, 410.
waikiki, 411.
Apogonoides, 409.
macassariensis, 409.
Apogonops, 407, 414, 415 (fig.), 423.
anomalus, 428.
Aponurus, 136.
laguneula, 186.
sp., 186.
Apotemnus, 359.
truncatus, 860, 361 (fig.).
appendiculatus, Distomum, 119.
Hemiurus, 100, 119, 124.
(Himalopha-
INDEX
589
appendiculosus, Argulus, 467, 479, 512,| Argulus varians, 460, 468, 492.
513 (fig.).
aprion, Apogon, 410.
arcana, Smicra, 3138.
Spilochaleis, 266, 267
313.
Archamia, 405, 412.
lineolata, 412.
Archilochus colupris, 588.
Archosargus unimaculatus, 518.
Arctopsyche, 174, 209.
lobata, 209.
arcuatum, Gasterostomum, 25.
Ardea herodias herodias, 533.
herodias wardi, 582.
Ardeidae, 532.
arenacea, Spizella pusilla, 571.
areolatum, Distomum, 88.
Arge, 264.
argeneus, Hyperprosopon, 489.
Argulidae, 459, 475.
Argulus, 475.
alosae, 475, 481 (fig.).
americanus, 468, 469, 478, 504 (fig.),
507, 508, 509.
appendiculosus, 467, 479, 512, 518
(fig.).
bicolor, 476, 517 (fig.).
biramosus, 467, 512, 514.
borealis, 476, 490, 491 (fig.).
canadensis, 467, 479, 480.
eatostomi, 468, 478, 511 (fig.).
flavescens, 468, 475, 484, 485 (fig.).
floridensis, 460, 467, 476, 489 (fig.).
foliaceus, 468, 469.
funduli, 468, 477, 498, 499 (fig.).
fuscus, 476, 518, 519 (fig.).
indicus, 475, 483 (fig.).
ingens, 460, 467, 515.
japonicus, 460, 462 (fig.), 468, 469,
477, 485, 494 (fig.), 498, 502.
laticauda, 477, 495, 486 (fig.).
latus, 468, 498, 499, 500.
lepidostei, 479, 514 (fig.).
maculosus, 466, 468, 478, 505, 597,
508 (fig.).
megalops, 468, 469, 476, 492,
(fig.).
megalops var. spinosus, 468, 492.
melanostictus, 476, 486 (fig.), 487.
mississippiensis, 478, 509 (fig.).
nattereri, 503, 504.
niger, 467, 487, 489.
nobilis, 467, 479, 510, 515, 516 (fig.).
nobilis var. ingens, 515.
paulensis, 468, 502, 508.
piperatus, 468, 486.
pugettensis 462 (fig.), 466, 467, 476,
477, 487, 488 (fig.), 490.
reticulatus, 477, 497 (fig.).
salminei, 468, 478, 502, 503 (fig.).
siamensis, 475, 482 (fig.).
stizostethii, 467, 468, 469, 475, 479,
480 (fig.), 482.
trilineatus, 468, 494.
(fig.), 308,
493
versicolor, 466, 478, 505, 506 (fig.),
507, 508.
violaceus, 477, 500, 501 (fig.).
viridis, 468.
argutula, Sturnella magna, 563.
argyrea, Synagrops, 416, 419, 421.
Argyresthia thuiella, 338, 353.
argyreum, Melanostoma, 414, 419.
argyrospila, Cacoecia, 341, 353.
arizonae, Spizella passerina, 571.
armata, Marthamea, 176.
Arogalea cristifasciella, 340, 353.
Ascalaphus, 174.
ashmeadi, Plagiosmicra, 261, 262.
asio, Otus asio, 537.
Aspidogastridae, 37.
Aspro, 412.
Astenophylax, 211.
Astrapogon, 410.
atalantae, Apanteles, 340, 354.
Ateleuti (sic) elongatus, 372.
ater, Molothrus ater, 564.
atherinoides, Hymnodus, 409.
atkinsi, Sitta carolinensis, 547.
Atlantie Ocean, hydroids from, 575.
atomon, Podocotyle, G4.
Atopognathus, 365.
collaris, 3865, 366.
Atopotrophos, 365.
bucephalus, 866.
eollaris, 365.
Atractosteus tristoechus, 517.
atratus, Coragyps, 533.
atricaudus, Apogon, 411.
atrimanus, Parasphyraenops, 414, 423.
atripes, Dicosmoecus, 211.
atrocoxalis, Itoplectis, 362.
Pimpla, 362.
atrogaster, Amia, 412.
audax, Jndophanes, 196.
Myrme!eon, 195.
audubonii, Dryobates villosus, 540, 541.
auratus, Carassius, 495.
Colaptes auratus, 538, 539.
Mullus, 76.
aureoviridis, Orasema, 488, 489, 448, 450.
auricularis, Himalopsyche, 199.
Rhyacophila, 197.
auritus, Apogon, 410.
aurivillii, Lepas fascicularis, 225, 281
(fig.).
aurocapillus, Seiurus, 559.
auropunctata, Wasmannia, 447.
australis, Ammodramus savannarum,
570.
Lepas, 227.
Auxis rochei, 27, 48, 152.
Axine; 22.
gracilis,
Azygia, 105.
longa, 105.
Azygiidae, 105.
bachmani, Aimophila aestivalis, 570.
22.
590
baculum, Bucephalus, 33.
Gasterostomum, 33.
Nannoenterum,, 33.
badia, Prolimacodes, 290, 352.
Baeolophus bicolor, 547.
bairdianus, Sphyraenops, 422.
Bairdiella chrysura, 97, 519.
bakeri, Orasema, 439, 452.
baldwini, Trogiodytes aédon, 548.
Balistes vetula, 42.
Balmes, 186.
terissinus, 186.
Banks, Nathan, on certain groups of neu-
ropteroid insects from Szechwan,
China, 173.
barbara, Chalcis, 245, 252, 253 (fig.),
255, 277 (fig.), 279, 329 (fig.), 332,
333 (fig.), 354.
Indophanes, 196.
Smicra, 255.
barbarus, Myrmeleon, 195.
Barnacles, pedunculate, from the North
Pacifie, 225.
Bathyplectes exigua, 340, 354.
Bathysphyraenops, 407, 423.
simplex, 423.
beameri, Orasema, 438. 439. 447.
bella, Hypoclydonia, 416, 417, 421.
Synagrops, 414, 417, 421.
Benedeniinae, 5.
beringiana, Lepas pectinata, 230.
bermudense, Halecium, 577.
bermudensis, Ophion, 367.
Betta sp., 483.
betuloides, Cercocarpus, 389.
bewickii, Thryomanes bewickii, 549.
biaculeatus, Gasterosteus, 482.
Bianium, 108.
concayum, 102.
plicitum, 102.
bicolor, Argulus, 476, 517 (fig.).
Baeolophus, 547.
bicostatus, Polycyrtus, 355.
bicristata, Chrysopa, 188, 192.
bifoveolata, Togoperla, 176.
Bigelovia, 442, 454.
bilinearis, Merluccius, 14, 76,
138.
bilineata, Lepidopsetta, 491.
bimaculata, Smicra, 351.
bimaculatus, Ammodramus
narum, 570.
bioculata, Smicra, 328, 325.
Spilochalcis, 323.
bipartita, Wedlia, 153.
bipartitum, Monostomum, 153.
biramosus, Argulus, 467, 512, 514.
Birds, Kentucky, notes on, 529.
bispinosus, Gladiunculus, 65, 68, 120.
bispinus, Hemerobius, 186.
Bittern, American, 583.
bituminosus, Cryptoideus, 357.
Eyxetastes, 364.
Hoploeryptus, 357.
124, 126,
Ssavan-
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOL. 88
Blackman, M. W., on the scolytid
beetles of the genus Renocis Casey,
rae descriptions of nine new species,
13.
blanchardi, Kurandapogon, 411, 412.
bleekeri, Apogon, 412.
Bluebird, eastern, 552.
Blue jay, Florida, 545.
northern, 544.
Bobwhite, eastern, 535.
Texas, 535.
Blackbird, rusty, 564.
Bombycilla cedrorum, 553.
Bombycillidae, 553.
Bonasa umbellus togata, 5385.
boops, Scomber, 422.
Scombrops, 414.
borealis, Argulus, 476, 480, 491 (fig.).
Buteo jamaicensis, 534.
Sphyraena, 34, 64, 188.
boreus, Myiarchus crinitus, 542.
Boriomyia, 182, 183.
Botaurus lentiginosus, 533.
bothryophoron, Distomum, 132, 135.
bracata, Chalcis, 240, 280, 282. /
Smiera, 280, 282.
Spilochalcis, 280.
braceata, Spilochalcis, 280, 282,
brachidactyla, Geothlypis trichas, 560.
brachygrammus, Fowleria, 410.
Brachymeria, 237.
Brachyphallus, 125.
affinis, 125.
crenatus, 125.
brachyrhynchos,
chos, 545.
Brachyscleroma, 369.
apoderi, 370, 371 (fig.).
Braconidae, 297, 320, 338, 340, 348, 351,
354, 528, 524.
braziliensis, Renocis, 375, 378, 379 (fig.),
381 (fig.), 398.
Brephamia, 410.
Brephostoma, 408, 423.
carpenteri, 408, 423.
brevicauda, Neorhacodes, 525, 526.
brevis, Pseudostenophylax, 214, 215, 216.
Brevoortia tyrannus, 120, 168.
Brinkmannella, 408, 423.
elongata, 423.
brittaini, Pseudocryphalus, 374, 394.
Renocis, 376, 394, 395.
brodiei, Howella, 422.
brunneus, Renocis, 376, 377, 379 (fig.),
381 (fig.), 389.
Bucculatrix thurberiella, 338, 353.
bucephalus, Atopotrophos, 366.
Mesoleptus?, 366.
Bucephalus baculum, 33.
bulbalus, Ictiobus, 514.
bumpusii, Entobdella, 5, 28.
Hpibdella, 5.
Bunodera, 104.
nodulosa, 104.
Corvus brachyrhyn-
——————
INDEX 591
Bunoderidae, i0¢.
Bunting, indigo, 565.
Burks, B. D., on chaleid-fiies of the tribe
Chalcidini in America north of Mex-
ico, 237.
Buteo jamaicensis borealis, 534.
lineatus lineatus, 534.
Butorides virescens virescens, 533.
eaballus, Paratractus, 53.
Cacoecia argyrospila, 341, 353.
caerulea, Polioptila caerulea, 553.
een Dendroica caerulescens,
5.
eairnsi, Dendroica caerulescens, 557.
Calamoceratidae, 219.
ealendula, Corthylio calendula, 558.
ealifornica, Encelia, 383.
Calliephialtes, 362.
ferrugineus, 362.
Callosamia promethea, 306, 352.
ealva, Amia, 486, 505.
Calycella fastigiata, 577.
calyptrocotyle, Distomum, 148,
cameroni, Orasema, 437, 443.
Campanularia, 576.
? Campanularia abyssa, 576, 580.
eanadensis, Argulus, 467, 479, 480.
Chaleis, 245, 252, 253 (fig.), 257, 258,
277 (fig.), 332, 333 (fig.), 354
Cynoperca, 480.
Smicra, 258.
Wilsonia, 561.
eanaster, Pipilo erythrophthalmus, 566.
canescens, Idechthis, 368.
Capella delicata, 536.
capitatum, Gasterostomum, 27.
Caprimulgidae, 537.
Capsala, 9.
laevis, 10.
molae, 9.
Capsalidae, 5.
Capsalinae, 6.
carangis, Microcotyle, 18.
Caranx chrysos, 130.
hippos, 53.
Carassius auratus, 495.
carbonaria, Pheidole, 456.
Cardinal, eastern, 565.
cardinalis, Richmondena cardinalis, 565.
carletoni, Rhyacophila, 197.
earnea, Chrysopa, 189.
earolina, Smicra, 280, 282.
carolinensis, Antrostomus, 537.
Dumetella, 550.
Junco hyemalis, 571.
Pandion haliaetus, 534.
Penthestes carolinensis, 546.
Sitta carolinensis, 547.
Zenaidura macroura, 536.
earolinus, Centurus, 539.
Euphagus, 564.
Merulinus, 65, 68, 76, 138.
Prionotus, 493.
carpenteri, Brephostoma, 403, 423.
carpio, Cyprinus, 512.
Carpodacus purpureus purpureus, 566.
Casinaria orgyiae, 348, 354.
Casmerodius albus egretta, 533.
castanea, Dendroica, 559.
Catbird, 550.
Cathartes aura septentrionalis, 533.
Cathartidae, 533.
Catopsilia eubule, 272, 275, 276, 352.
Ca pees semipalmatus inornatus,
536.
eatostomi, Argulus, 468, 478, 511 (fig.).
Catostomus catostomus, 512.
commersonii, 512, 514.
nigricans, 512,
sp., 513.
ecaudacutus, Passerherbulus, 570.
caudatum, Glossosoma, 203.
cecropia, Samia, 306, 352.
cecrops, Strymon, 262, 263, 352.
cedrorum, Bombycilla, 553.
Centropristes striatus, 133.
centrourus, Pastinachus, 5.
Centurus carolinus, 5389.
Ceophloeus pileatus pileatus, 539.
cepedianum, Dorosoma, 482, 514.
Ceratacanthus schoepfi, 57, 91, 92, 107,
120, 165.
Ceratocampidae, 307.
Ceratosmicra, 242, 243, 348.
debilis, 288, 289 (fig.), 344.
immaculata, 266, 267 (fig.), 288, 289
(fig.), 3844, 346, 348, 354.
lissa, 343.
meteori, 266, 267 (fig.), 270, 271
(fig.), 288, 289 (fig.), 829 (fig.),
344, 346, 354.
paya, 266, 267 (fig.), 270, 271 (fig.),
288, 289 (fig.), 344, 348.
petiolata, 343.
Cercocarpus, 373.
alnifolius, 389.
betuloides, 389.
ledifolius, 389.
ceres, Pheidole, 456.
Certhia familiaris americana, 548.
Certhiidae, 548.
cerulea, Dendroica, 558.
Cestocrinus, 221.
striatus, 221, 223.
cestoides, Distomum, 107.
Otodistomum, 107.
Chaenobryttus gulosus, 486.
Chaetophloeus, 375, 379, 381.
hystrix, 375, 379 (fig.), 381 (fig.).
Chaetura pelagica, 537.
Chalcid-flies, revision of the tribe Chal-
cidini in America north of Mexico,
237.
Chalcididae, 241,
Chaleidinae, 241.
Chaleidini, 241, 252, 266, 270, 277, 288,
332.
Chalcidoidea, 241, 425.
592
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOL, 88
Chaleis, 237, 241, 242, 248, 268, 351, 352. | Chilodipterus, 413.
albifrons, 339.
amoena, 260, 261.
barbara, 245, 252, 253 (fig.), 255,
277 (fig.), 279, 329 (fig.), 382, 333
(fig.), 354.
bracata, 240, 280, 282.
canadensis, 245, 252, 2538 (fig.), 257,
958, 277 (fig.), 382, 38383 (fig.),
354
debilis, 344.
diversa, 245,
divisa, 246, 247 (fig.), 248, 250, 251,
252, 253 (fig.), 382, 333 (fig.).
fasciata, 297, 300.
flavipes, 325.
flebilis, 245, 252, 253 (fig.), 254,
277 (fig:), 332, 383 (fg:).
lanieri, 283.
lasia, 245, 246, 247 (fig.), 248, 252,
253 (fig.), 277 (fig.), 332, 333,
(fig.).
lasnierii, 283.
maculata, 280, 282.
mariae, 303.
megalomis, 245, 250, 277 (fig.).
microgaster, 245, 252, 253 (fig.), 259,
277 (fig.), 279, 329 (fig.), 3382,
303 (fig.).
myrifex, 329 (fig.), 351.
neptis, 245, 251, 252, 253 (fig.), 277
(fiz.); 332) 333) (fe)
nigricornis, 279, 282.
pallipes, 325.
phoenicapoda, 245, 257.
punctata, 297, 300.
rufipes, 257.
sispes, 238, 289 (fig.), 248, 244.
Chaleura, 481.
deprivata, 481.
Chalepus dorsalis, 325, 354.
chamaeleonticeps, Lophoiatilus, 124.
Charadriidae, 536.
Chat, yellow-breasted, 560.
Cheilodipterid fishes, two new genera
and three new species of, 403.
Cheilodipteridae, 404.
Cheilodipterops, 405, 418, 416, 418 (fig.).
isostigma, 413, 418 (fig.).
Cheilodipterus, 405, 412, 416, 418 (fig.).
lineatus, 403, 412, 4138, 418.
macrodon, 412, 418.
nigrotaeniatus, 408, 414.
octovittatus, 418.
quinquelineatus, 403, 416.
zonatus, 408.
cheilodipterus, Scombrops, 414, 422.
Cheumatopsyche, 207.
chinensis maculipennis, 207.
sp., 207.
chiangi, Hemerobius, 184, 186.
Nogiperla, 177.
Chickadee, Carolina, 546,
northern Carolina, 546.
affinis, 413, 418.
Chilomycterus spinosus, 495.
chinensis, Potamyia, 208.
chinensis, Psilotreta, 219.
chione, Chrysopa, 188, 189.
Chlamys plicata, 348, 354. |
Chlosyne lacinia crocale, 278, 352. |
Chondestes grammacus grammacus,
570.
Choreutis silphiella, 338, 355.
chrysobothridis, Cryptchelcostizus, 357,
358.
Chrysobothris deserti, 359.
mali, 358.
sp., 358.
Chrysomelidae, 323, 336, 348, 354.
Chrysopa, 174, 187, 188.
alethes, 188, 191.
bicristata, 188, 192.
carnea, 189.
chione, 188, 189.
cognata, 18S, 192.
dasyphlebia, 190.
fratercula, 189, 199.
furcifera, 188.
grahami, 188, 189.
hoffmanni, 192.
illota, 188, 191.
interrupta, 192.
kiansuensis, 188, 190, 191.
kreyembergi, 188, 192.
sinica, 189, 190, 192.
vittata, 187.
Chrysopidae, 186.
Chrysopidia, 187.
fuscata, 188.
regulata, 187, 188.
Chrysoplecta, 187.
chrysops, Roccus, 514.
Stenotomus, 20, 76, 85, 120, 135.
chrysopterus, Orthopristis, 519.
chrysos, Caranx, 130.
chrysura, Bairdiella, 97, 519.
Chuck-will’s-widow, 537.
chuss, Urophycis, 68, 98, 124, 126, 129.
cimbrius, Enchelyopus, 93.
cinerea, Stenopsyche, 206.
Cintameva, 187.
perla, 187.
Cireus cyaneus hudsonius, 534.
Cirrhina sp., 483.
Cistothorus (Telmatodytes)
dissaéptus, 550.
stellaris, 550.
citrea, Protonotaria, 556.
citrina, Wilsonia, 561.
Claassenia, 174, 175.
semibrachyptera, 175.
clavata, Hirudinella, 111.
Glavatum, Distomum, 110, 111.
clavatum, Lepidapedon, 91.
Clinostomidae, 157.
Clinostomum, 157.
marginatum, 157.
palustris
INDEX
Clistopyga? lateralis, 363.
Clodipterus, 413.
be Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 292,
Clupanodon pseudohispanicus, 142,
Clupea harengus, 76, 119, 120, 126, 133.
vernalis, 482.
clupeiformis, Rhabdamia, 410.
cluthensis, Steringophorus, 41.
Clytia cylindrica, 577.
coaequalis, Smicra bracata, 280, 282.
coccineum, Tristoma, 8.
Tristomum, 6.
ecoceoi, Microichthys, 409.
Coccyzus americanus americanus, 537.
erythropthalmus, 537.
cockerelli, Orasema, 489, 440, 452, 453,
455.
Coelogyne sp., 429.
cognata, Chrysopa, 188, 192.
cokeri, Heteravine, 24.
Colaptes auratus auratus, 538, 539.
auratus luteus, 538.
Coleophora fletcherella, 338, 840, 353.
laricella, 838, 340, 353.
malivorella, 338, 353.
pruniella, 358, 340, 3583.
salmani, 338, 340, 358.
Coleophoridae, 338, 340, 353.
Coleoptera, 323, 335, 336, 338, 343, 442.
Colinus virginianus texanus, 535.
virginianus virginianus, 535.
collaris, Atopognathus, 365, 366.
Atopotrophes, 365.
coloradensis, Orasema, 487, 439, 441.
colubris, Archilochus, 5388.
eolumbarius, Falco columbarius, 534.
ecolumbianum, Scalpellum, 225, 232, 233
(fig. ).
Sealpellum (Arcoscalpellum), 232.
Columbidae, 5386.
columnata, Hydropsyche, 207.
commersonii, Catostomus, 512, 514.
Pledostomus, 501.
commiatus, Renocis, 376, 377, 379 (fig.),
3881 (fig.), 392.
communis, Tetracotyle, 158.
Compositae, 373.
compressa, Amia, 411.
Compsothlypidae, 556.
Compsothlypis americana pusilla, 557.
americana romalinae, 557.
comptana, Ancylis, 334, 338, 340, 341,
doo:
coneavum, Bianium, 102.
confusus, Lecithaster, 152.
Conger conger, 28, 68, 76.
congregaius, Apanteles, 340, 354.
conjungens, Smicra, 240, 286.
Spilochaleis, 286.
conspersa, Exema, 336, 354.
constanciae, Pomatomichthys, 409.
continentalis, Epicanthaclisis, 194.
eontortum, Accacoelium, 145.
Distomum, 145.
593
Conura, 263.
punctata, 297.
seutellaris, 240.
Conurae chalcidiformes, 263.
Conurae smicriformes, 263.
convergens, Hucharis, 4381.
Schizaspidia, 431.
Coot, American, 535.
Coragyps atratus, 533.
Coregonus, 480.
coronata, Dendroica coronata, 557.
Corthylio calendula calendula, 553.
Corvidae, 544.
Corvus brachyrhynchos
chos, 545.
brachyrhynchos paulus, 545, 546.
Corydalinae, 178.
Corynecrinus, 222.
Coryphaena equisetis, 141, 168.
hippurus, 141, 168.
costalis, Protohermes, 180.
costata, Gemmaria, 577.
Covillea, 373.
gentinosa, 387.
tridentata, 527.
Cowania, 373.
mexicana, 892, 393, 394.
Cowbird, eastern, 564.
coxalis, Smicra, 284, 286.
Spilochaleis, 278, 279, 284, 286.
Crabro femoratus, 297, 300.
crassa, Diphasia, 575, 579, 580.
Creeper, brown, 548.
Cremastini, 369.
crenatus, Brachyphallus, 125.
Hemiurus, 125.
Crepidostomum, 101.
faronis, 101.
laureatum, 101.
cressoni, Ephialtes, 363.
Smicra, 348.
criddlei, Pseudecryphalus, 395.
Renocis, 376, 377, 395.
Crinoid genus Cestocrinus, a new fossil
inadunate, 221.
cristata, Cyanocitta cristata, 544.
eristatum, Lecithocladium, 143.
cristifasciella, Arogalea, 340, 353.
crocale, Chlosyne lacinia, 278, 352.
Crossbill, red, 566.
Crow, eastern, 545.
southern, 546.
crucibulum, Prosorhynchus, 28.
crumenophthalma, Trachurops, 31, 68,
76, 93, 112, 130, 142.
Crustacea (parasitic) of genus Argulus
in United States National Museum,
459.
Cryptocotyle, 150.
lingua, 155
Cryptohelcostizus, 355, 357,
alamedensis, 357, 358.
crysobothridis, 857, 308.
dichrous 357, 308.
brachyrhyn-
594 PROCEEDINGS
Cryptohelcostizus orndtus, 357, 359.
rufigaster, 357, 358.
Cryptoideus bituminosus, 357.
Cryptus alamedensis, 357.
crysos, Paratractus, 18.
Ctenochauliodes, 179, 181.
friedrichi, 181.
cetenolabri, Dermoeystis, 155.
Ctenolabrus adsperus, 482.
Ctenopelma pulchra, 366.
Cuckoo, black-billed, 5387.
yellow-billed, 537.
Cuculidae, 537.
Curculionidae, 335, 338, 354.
curvirostra, Loxia, 566.
Cushman, R. A., on ichneumon-flies of
the subfamily Neorhacodinae, 523.
on new genera and species of
ichneumon-flies, with taxonomic
notes, 305.
euticola, Diplostomum, 159.
Neascus, 159.
cyanea, Passerina, 565.
Cyanocitta cristata cristata, 544.
cristata florincola, 545.
Cyclochaeta domerguei, 43.
Cyclopterus lumpus, 68, 124, 130.
cylindrica, Clytia, 577.
Cylindrosteus platostomus, 510, 515.
Cymatogaster aggregatus, 489, 491.
Cymbephallus, 75.
fimbriatus, 83.
vitellosus, 62, 75.
eyniformis, Stilbula, 435, 456.
cynipiformis, Stilbula, 435.
Cynoperea canadensis, 480.
Cynoscion regalis, 22, 62, 63, 76, 85, 138,
163.
cynthia, Philosamia, 306, 352.
eyprinella, Ictiobus, 514.
Cyprinus carpio, 512.
dasyphlebia, Chrysopa, 190.
davidi, Protohermes, 180.
debilis, Ceratosmicra, 288, 289 (fig.),
344
Chalcis, 344.
Eusayia, 346.
Sayiella, 346.
Smicra, 344.
(?) Spilochalcis, 344, 346, 348.
Decapterus macarellus, 34, 76.
decempunctata, Smicra, 331, 334.
Delgadus, 195.
delicata, Capella, 536.
Smicra, 292.
Spilochalcis, 252, 253 (fig.), 270, 271
(fig.), 288, 289 (fig.), 291, 292, 329
(fig.).
delicatula, Smicra, 292.
delicatus, Apanteles, 348, 354.
delira, Smicra, 331, 334, 337.
Spilochalcis, 331, 337.
deltoides, Neuronema, 182.
OF THE
NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88
delumbis, Smicra, 342.
Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 328, 332,
3a0 (fig.), 342, 354.
dema, Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 327,
3828, 329 (fig.), 330, 382, 3383 (fig.),
303
Dendroica aestiva aestiva, 557.
eaerulescens caerulescens, 557.
caerulescens cairnsi, 557.
eastanea, 559.
cerulea, 558.
coronata coronata, 557.
discolor discolor, 559.
dominica albilora, 558.
dominica dominica, 358.
fusca, 558.
magnolia, 557.
palmarum palmarum, 559.
pensylvanica, 558.
pinus pinus, 559.
striata, 559.
virens virens, 557.
Dendroleon, 193.
floridus, 194.
insolita, 193.
pantherinus, 194.
parabolicus, 1%.
dentata, Paralichthys, 13, 98.
dentatum, Distomum, 51.
Stephanostomum, 51, 58.
dentatus, Paralichthys, 52, 68, 76, 120,
138, 144, 493, 496.
deprivata, Chalcura, 431.
Deretrema, 166.
fusillus, 166.
Dermocystis ctenolabri, 155.
Derogenes, 116.
varicus, 116.
Derogenetinae, 116.
Deropristis, 49.
hispida, 50.
inflata, 49.
deserti, Chrysobothris, 359.
Desmoamia, 404, 408.
zonatus, 414, 415 (fig.).
Deutoleon, 174.
diaphanes, Raja, 34, 107.
Diatraea, 357.
dichrous, Cryptohelcostizus, 357, 358.
Dickcissel, 566.
Diclidophora, 138.
affinis, 13.
pinguis, 13.
Diclidophoridae, 13.
Dicosmoecus, 211.
atripes, 211.
Dictyosmylus lunatus, 193.
Didymocystis wedlei, 153.
Didymozoon, 149.
sardae, 150.
scombri, 149.
sp., 152.
Didymozoonidae, 149.
diencaea, Amia, 411.
INDEX
difficilis, Pseudostenophylax, 214.
Digenea, 25.
Dilar, 174.
diminutivum, Halecium, 578, 580.
Dimophora, 370.
Dinolestes, 405, 412.
muelleri, 412, 414, 415 (fig.).
Dinurinae, 137.
Dinurus, 137.
pinguis, 137, 145.
tornatus, 141.
Dionchinae, 4.
Dionchus, 4.
agassizi, 4.
Diphasia, 579.
crassa, 575, 579, 580.
Diplodontia, 263.
secunda, 280, 282.
Diploproctodaeidae, 102.
Diplostomum cuticola, 159.
Dipseudopsis, 175.
Diptera, 256, 259, 297, 354.
Dipterodon, 409.
hexacanthus, 409.
Dirhinus texanus, 246, 247 (fig.).
Discoeotylidae, 14.
discolor, Dendroica discolor, 559.
dissaéptus, Cistothorus (Telmatodytes)
palustris, 550.
Telmatodytes palustris, 550.
distinctus, Phytodietus, 366.
Distoma, 168.
fenestratum, 168.
nitens, 44.
sp., 170, 171.
Vivipara, 45.
Distomum appendiculatus, 119.
areolatum, 88.
bothryophoron, 132, 135.
calyptrocotyle, 148.
cestoides, 107.
clavatum, 110, 111.
eontortum, 145.
dentatum, 51.
fenestratum, 168.
foliatum, 148.
fragile, 166.
fuscum, 110.
globiphorum, 99.
grandiporum, 137.
gulosum, 148.
jageniforme, 110.
macrocotyle, 146.
monticellii, 129.
mulleri, 117.
nigroflayum, 147.
nitens, 44.
ocreatum, 123, 124, 125.
pectinatum, 43.
polyorchis, 162.
pyriforme, 84, S85.
rachion. 96.
rufoviride, 137.
simplex, 64, 67. f
sp., 84, 86, 87, 88, 93, 96, 102, 135,
168.
595
Distomum tenue, 55.
tenue tenuissime, 55,
tornatum, 137, 141.
valde-inflatum, 57.
veliporum, 107.
vibex, 40.
vitellosum 67, 74, 75, 83.
diversa, Amia, 412.
Chalcis, 245.
divisa, Chalcis, 246, 247 (fig.), 248, 250,
251, 252, 253 (fig.), 332, 333 (fig.).
Smiera, 246.
divisana, Ancylis, 338, 340, 353.
dolomieu, Micropterus, 105, 107, 157, 159.
domerguei, Cyclochaeta, 43.
dominica, Dendroica dominica, 558.
donovani, Lepas fascicularis, 231.
Dorosoma, cepedianum, 482, 514.
dorsalis, Chalepus, 323, 354.
dorsata, Smicra, 272. ,
Spilochaicis, 252, 253 (fig.), 265,
2(0;; 201 «(fig t272) ~ 288,< 289
(fig.).
dorsigera, Leucopsis, 270, 271 (fig.).
doryssa, Amia, 411.
Dove, eastern mourning, 536.
Drepanacra, 182.
Dryobates pubescens, 542.
pubescens medianus, 541.
pubescens nelsoni, 542.
villosus audubonii, 540, 541.
villosus yillosus, 540.
Dumeiella carolinensis, 550.
Hcheneis naucrates, 180, 493.
echinata, Mitella, 234.
Eechinosioma, 171.
Hchinostomidae, 60.
Hehinostominae, 60.
Hehinostomum, 60.
sp., 60.
Eetenurus, 142.
virgula, 142.
edentula, Lephradena, 59.
effusum, Eriogonum, 457.
Egmundella, 577.
fasciculata, 577, 580.
Egret, American, 583.
egretta, Casmerodias albus, 538.
8-punctata, Ankylopteryx, 187.
elachis, Spilochalcis, 291, 294, 327.
electellum, Homoeosoma, 334, 352.
elongata, Brinkmannella, 423.
Lepodora, 92.
elongatum, Lepidapedon, 92.
elongatus, Ateleuti (sic), 372.
Pseuderipternus, 372.
emarginata, Onchocotyle, 11.
Empidonax flaviventris, 543.
virescens, 543.
eneausta, Smicra, 313, 314.
Encelia, 378.
californica, 383.
farinosa, 385.
Enchelyopus cimbrius, 93.
Enneasmicra, 263.
096
Enodia megachondros, 44.
enslini, Neorhacodes, 525.
Rhacodes, 525.
Entobdella, 5.
bumpusii, 5, 23.
hippoglossi, 6.
ephemeraeformis,
340, 352.
Ephialtes cressoni, 363.
Hpibdella bumpusii, 5.
Epicanthaclisis, i74, 194.
continentalis, 194.
epiphanes, Spilosmyius, 193.
Hpigonus, 404, 409, 414. 415 (fig.).
macrophthalmus, 409.
telescopius, 414.
Hpiurus, 362.
epsetus, Anchoviella, 120.
eguisetis, Coryphaena, 141, 168.
ericrypta, Melospiza georgiana, 573.
eridania (?) Prodenia. 336, 352.
Hrimyzon sucetta, 508.
sucetta oblongus, 512.
sucetta sucetta, 486.
Eriogonum, 457.
effusum, 457.
erythrinus, Apogon, 411.
Erythrobussothen, 422.
gracilis, 422.
PROCEEDINGS
Thyridopteryx, 306,
erythrocephalus, Melanerpes erythro-
eephaius, 540.
erythromelas, Piranga, 564.
erythrophthalmus, Pipilo erythroph-
thalmus, 566.
erythropthalmus, Coceyzus, 537.
erythrosternus, Polyeyrtus, 355.
EKsox masquinongy, 480.
niger, 105, 107.
reticularis, 505.
Htrumeus sadina, 46, 120, 180, 133, 168.
Eubasillissa, 174, 210.
tibetana, 210.
eubule, Catopsilia, 272, 275, 276, 352.
Smicra, 269.
Smiera, 269.
Spilochalcis, 252, 253 (fig.), 265,
269, 288, 289 (fig.), 352.
BHucharidae, contribution to the knowl-
edge of, 425.
Eucharis, 425.
adscendens, 425.
convergens, 431.
scutellaris, 425.
Eucosmidae, 324, 338, 340, 341, 353.
Hudendrium, 575.
rugosum, 575, 580.
Eumicromus, 181.
Puperisiphonia, 578.
rigida, 578, 579, 580.
Euphagus carolinus, 564.
EKuphanes, 195.
euphonia, Melospiza melodia, 574.
Eupomotis microlophus, 486.
Buroleon, 174, 195.
alienus, 195.
Eusayia, 343.
debilis, 346.
OF THE
NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 38
Hustypiura, 263.
EKuthynnus ailetteratus. 130.
Hvanophanes, 210, 211.
imsignis, 211.
evermanni, Apogon, 411.
Evetria frustrana, 334, 353.
excisum, Lecithocladium, 143.
Exema conspersa, 336, 354.
Exetastes, 364.
abdominalis var. a, 364.
bituminosus, 364.
lasius, 364.
pilosus, 364.
purpureus, 364.
rufipes, 364.
exigua, Bathyplectes, 340, 354.
Exocoetus volitans, 167.
exornata, Smicra, 266.
Spilochalcis, 252, 258 (fig.), 265, 266,
276, 288, 289 (fig.), 352.
exostigma, Amia, 411.
exsulcatus, Romaniella, 525, 527.
extimus, Penthestes carolinensis, 546.
HEysenhardtia, 373.
sp. 398.
faceta, Smicra bioeulata, 323, 325.
faleatus, Trachinotus, 76.
Faleo columbarius columbarius, 534.
peregrinus anatum, 534.
sparverius sparverius, 535.
Palconidae, 584.
farinosa, Encelia, 385.
faronis, Crepidostomum, 101.
fasciata, Chaleis, 297, 300.
fasciatus, Achirus, 68, SS.
Mullus, 410.
fasciatus, Renocis, 377, 379 (fig.), 38%
(fig.)}, 385.
fascicularis, Lepas, 229, 231.
fasciculata, Hgmundella, 577, 5890.
fastigiata, Calycella, 577.
Stegopema, 577, 580.
faxoni, Hylocichla guttata. 551.
femorata, Smicra, 297.
Spilochaleis, 246, 247 (fig.), 252,
253 (fig.), 265, 278, 279, 288, 289
(fig.), 291, 292, 297, 327, 382:
Vespa, 297.
femoratus, Crabro, 297, 300.
fenestratum, Distoma, 168.
Distomum, 168.
fenestratus, Halesinus, 218.
ferox, Hemerobius, 186.
ferruginea, Limanda, 65, 76.
ferrugineus, Calliephialtes, 362.
jiliforme, Stephanostomum, 53.
fimbriatus, Cymbephallus, 83.
Finch, eastern purple, 566.
fistulosa, Foa, 408.
flammeola, Smicra, 286.
Spilochalcis, 279. 286.
flAammula, Smicra, 286.
flaveolus, Allemerobius, 184.
flavescens, Argulus, 468, 475, 484, 485
(fig.).
Kamimuria, 175.
Perea, 68, 104, 157, 159, 514.
INDEX 597
flavidissimalis, (?) Mimorista, 269, 352. | funduli, Argulus, 468, 477, 498, 499 (fig.).
flavifrons, Vireo, 555. Fundulus heteroclitus, 2, 97, 137, 500.
flavipennis, Protohermes, 180. majalis, 500.
flavipes, Chalcis, 325. ocellaris, 500.
Orasema, 446. sp., 486.
Smicra, 325. furcata, Kapala, 431.
flaviventris, Empidonax, 548. furcata, Microcotyle, 20.
flavolineata, Amphibdella, 4. furcifera, Chrysopa, 188.
flavopicta, Smicra, 331, 334. Schizaspidia, 431, 432.
Smiera, 831. furciger, Steringophorus, 39.
Spilochalcis, 246, 247 (fig.), 266, 267 | furcigerum, Leioderma, 39.
(fig.) , 328, 330, 331, 332, 333 (fig.), | fusca, Dendroica, 558.
330, B02, 3Da, 304. Gulliveria, 410.
flebilis, Chalcis, 245, 252, 253 (fig.), 254, Hirudinella, 110.
PiU n abes Ooo (ie). fuseata, Chrysopidia, 188.
Smicra, 254. fuscescens, Hylocichla fuscesecens, 552.
Spilochaleis, 254. fuscum, Distomum, 110.
fietcherella, Coleophora, 338, 340, 353. fuseus, Argulus, 476, 518, 519 (fig.).
fleurieu, Ostorhinchus, 409. fuscus, Renocis, 377, 879 (fig.), 381 (fig.),
Flicker, northern, 538. 391.
southern, 538. fuseus, Syrictes, 76.
florida, Amelanchier, 389. fusillus, Deretrema, 166.
floridana, Huro, 157, 159, 486. Gadus morrhua, 5, 25, 61, 68, 93, 116,
Lophyrocera, 435. 124, 168.
Stilbula, 435, 436. Gahan, A. B., on the family Eucharidae
floridensis, Argulus, 460, 467, 476, 489 (Hymenoptera: Chaleidoidea), 425.
(fig.). Galeagra, 422.
floridus, Dendroleon, 194. pammelas, 403, 422.
florineola, Cyanocitta cristata, 545. Gargorchis, 163.
Flyeateber, Acadian, 548. varians, 168.
northern crested, 542. Gasterosteus biaculeatus, 482.
yellow-bellied, 543. Gasterostomata, 25.
fo, Foa, 410. Gasterostomidae, 25.
Foa, 410. Gasterestominae, 25.
fistulosa, 408. Gasterostomum, 25.
fo, 410. arcuatum, 25.
vaiulae, 411. baculum, 33.
Fodifoa, 408. capitatum, 27.
foetens, Synodus, 62, 63, 120, 137, 188. gorgon, 36.
foliaceus, Argulus, 468, 469. ovatum, 29.
foliata, Orophocotyle, 148. sp., 30, 33.
foliatum, Distomum, 148. Gelechia nundinella, 331, 353.
fontinalis, Salvelinus, 101, 157, 159. Gelechiidae, 311, 331, 338, 340, 353.
Formica sp., 427. Gemmaria costata, 577.
Formicoidea, 425. Genarches, 117.
formosum, Steganoderma, 47. infirmus, 75, 117, 119.
formosus, Oporornis, 560. miilleri, 117.
Fowleria, 410. sp., 118. i .
brachygrammus, 410. gentinosa, Covillea, 387.
fraenatus, Apogon, 410. georgei, Mazocraeoides, 15. | ee
fragile, Distomum, 166. georgiana, Melospiza georgiana, 572.
Stenocollum, 166. Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla, 560.
fragilis, Scepterias, 409. gibbosus. Lechithaster, 182, 135.
Fraser, C. McLean, on hydroids from | gigantea, Rhyacophila, 197.
the Atlantic Ocean, 575. a ee ale
ratercula, Chrysopa, 189, 190. gilberti, Ama, .
Teter Aaa 177, 178. Telescopias, 414, 415 (fig.), 422.
fraternus, Neochauliodes, 181. Gladiuneulus bispinosus, 65, 68, 120.
freidrichi, Ctenochauliodes, 181. gladius, Xiphias, 7, 8, 10, 110, 111, 112,
Fringillidae, 565. 154)
frugiperda, Laphygma, 300, 203, 3388, 852. Glenurini, 195. _
frustrana, Evetria, 334, 353. Glenuroides, 195.
Fucus, 230. Glenurus, 194. —
Fulica americana americana, 535. globiphorum, Distomum, 99.
fulvescens, Acipenser, 480. Glossamia, 410.
Kamimuria, 175. pandionis, 409.
598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
Glossosoma, 174, 202.
aequalis, 202.
anale, 202, 208.
caudatum, 203.
valvatum, 203.
Glyphipterygidae, 338, 353.
Glyphotaelius, 174, 210.
mutatus, 210.
Glypta, 524.
Gnatcatcher, blue-gray, 553.
Gnorimoschema sp., 310, Sle oa:
Goera, 174.
Goldfinch, eastern, 566.
goliath, Hydrocyon, 498.
Gonothyraea, 576, 578.
integra, 576, 580.
gorgon, Gasterostomum, 36.
Nannoenterum, 36.
gossypiella, Pectinophora, 368.
gracilescens, Prosorhynchus, 30.
sracilipes, Pseuderipternus, 372.
gracilis, Apogonichthys, 410.
gracilis, Axine, 22.
gracilis, Erythrobussothen, 422,
Grackle, bronzed, 564.
graefii, Apogon, 410.
grahami, Chrysopa, 188, 189.
Hemerobius, 185, 186.
Hydropsyche, 208.
Rhyacophila, 197.
Togoperla, 176.
grahami, Acroneuria, 175.
Pseudostenophylax, 214, 215.
hageni, Himalopsyche, 197.
haimbachi, Zelleria, 341, 353.
Halecium, 578.
bermudense, 577.
diminutivum, 578, 580.
Halesinus, 174, 210, 218.
albopunctatus, 218, 219.
fenestratus, 218.
tenuicornis, 218, 219.
ussuriensis, 218.
Halesus, 214.
Haltichella, 242.
Sp. 246, 247 (fig.), 277 (fig.).
Haplochladinae, 43.
harengus, Clupea, 76, 119, 120, 126, 133.
Hawk, duck, 534.
eastern pigeon, 534.
eastern red-tailed, 534.
eastern sparrow, 535.
marsh, 534.
northern red-shouldered, 534.
sharp-shinned, 534.
hedeni, Hydropsyche, 207, 208.
Hedymeles ludovicianus, 565.
Heleoninae, 524.
Heliothis obsoleta, 300, 308, 352.
hellulae, Angitia, 338, 354.
Helmitheros vermivorus, 556.
Hemerobiidae, 181.
Hemerobius, 174, 182. 183.
bispinus, 186.
chiangi, 184, 186.
ferox, 186.
VOL, 88
re
Stenopsyche, 203, 204, 205, 206.
sramineus, Pooecetes gramineus, 570. humuli, 186.
srammacus, Chondestes grammacus, nitidulus, 185.
570. pini, 185.
grandiporum, Distomum, 137. poppei, 185.
grandis, Anthonomus, 335, 354. Hemerocampa leucostigma, 348,
grex, Pneumatophorus, 17, 88, 143, 152. | Hemitelini, 359.
griffini, Apanteles, 340, 354. Hemitripterus americanus, 55, 65, 68,
griseus, Vireo griseus, 554. 126, 188.
Gronovichthys, 410. Hemiuridae, 110.
Grosbeak, rose-breasted, 565, Hemiurinae, 119.
grossidens, Amia, 414. Hemiurus, 119.
Amia (Amioides), 416, 419. appendiculatus, 100, 119, 124.
Synagrops, 417, 419, 421. crenatus, 125.
Grouse, Canada ruffed, 535. levinseni, 116, 123.
grunniens, Aplodinotus, 21, 24. monticellii, 129.
gruvelianum, Scalpellum, 232. Sp. d2p:
guadalupensis, Amia, 412. Henry, Dora Priaulx, on peduneulate
Guiterrezia, 450. barnacles from the North Pacific, 225.
Gulliveria, 410. Heptasmicra, 263.
fusea, 410. Hermes, 179.
gulosum, Distomum, 148. Hermiurus levinsenii, 123.
Lecithocladium, 148. herodias, Ardea herodias, 533,
gulosus, Chaenobryttus, 486. Heron, eastern green, 533.
Gymnapogon, 406, 418 (fig.), 422. Ward’s, 532.
japonicus, 403, 418 (fig.) , 422. Heterarine, 24.
Gyrodactylidae, 2. cokeri, 24.
Gyrodactylinae, 2. heteroclitus, Fundulus, 2, 97, 137, 500.
Gyrodactylus, 2. heterodoxus, Renocis, 374, 375, 376, lis
Spe: 379 (fig.), 881 (fig.), 387, 393.
haematodes, Odontomachus, 431. Heterophyidae, 155.
Haemulon plumieri, 168. hexacanthus, Dipterodon, 409.
grahami, 185, 186.
INDEX
Hexasmicra, 263.
Hexastomatidae, 15.
Hexostoma, 15.
thynni, 15.
hiemalis, Nannus troglodytes, 549.
hillii, Lepas, 226.
Himailophanes, 201.
Himalopsyche, 174, 197, 201, 202.
alticola, 200.
(Himalophanes) anomatla, 201.
auricularis, 199.
hageni, 197.
japonica, 201.
lachlani, 198.
martynovi, 199, 200.
navasi, 200.
Himasthla, 61.
tensa, 61.
Himasthlinae, 61.
hippoglossi, Entobdella, 6.
Hippoglossoides platessoides, 493.
Hippoglossus hippoglossus, 6, 48.
hippos, Caranx, 53.
hippurus, Coryphaena, 141, 168.
hirsutus, Pseudostenophylax, 218.
hirtifemora, Smicra, 295.
Spilochalcis, 252, 258 (fig.), 291,
292, 294, 295, 327, 354.
Hirudinella, 110.
celavata, 111.
fusca, 110.
Hirundinidae, 548.
hispida, Deropristis, 50.
Histrio pictus, 112, 125, 132.
hebsoni, Rhyacophila, 196.
hoffmanni, Chrysopa, 192.
Homalometron, 96.
pallidum, 96, 100.
Homarus americanus, 38.
homledrae, Spilochalcis, 240.
Homoeosoma electellum, 334, 352.
Hoplocryptus, 357.
bituminosus, 357.
horni, Protohermes, 180.
horrida, Lantana, 316.
Howella, 407, 422.
brodiei, 422.
hudsonius, Circus cyaneus, 534.
Hummingbird, ruby-throated, 538.
humuli, Hemerobius, 186.
Huro floridana, 157, 159, 486.
salmoides, 486.
hyalina, Amia, 412.
Hydroeyon goliath, 498.
Hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic
Ocean, 575.
Hydromanicus, 175, 208.
intermedius, 208.
Hydropsyche, 174, 207.
columnata, 207.
grahami, 208.
hedeni, 207, 208.
pencillata, 207.
plana, 208.
rhomboana, 207, 208.
599
Hydropsychidae, 203.
hyemalis, Junco hyemalis, 570.
Hylocichla fusecescens fuscescens, 552.
fuscescens salicicola, 552,
guttata faxoni, 551.
minima aliciae, 552.
minima minima, 552.
mustelina, 551.
ustulata almae, 551.
Hylotoma, 264.
Hymenoptera, 297, 320, 338, 340, 348,
351, 354, 425.
Hymnodus, 409.
atherinoides, 409.
megalops, 409.
Hypentelium nigricans, 486.
Hypera rumicis, 338, 354.
Hyperprosopon argeneus, 489.
hyphantriae, Meteorus, 348, 354.
Hypoclyonia, 416.
bella, 416, 417, 421.
hystrix, Chaetophloeus, 375, 879 (fig.),
881 (fig.).
Ichneumon-flies, new genera and species,
with taxonomic notes, 335.
of ate subfamily Neorhacodinae,
Ichneumonidae, 338, 340, 348, 354, 524.
Iichneumoninae, 524.
Ictalurus punctatus, 486, 513.
Icteria virens virens, 560.
Icteridae, 562.
Icterus spurius, 564.
Ictiobus bulbalus, 514.
eyprinella, 514.
Idechthis, 368.
canescens, 368.
peruviana, 368.
ignea, Smicra, 298.
Smiera, 298, 300.
igneoides, Smicra, 301.
Spilochalcis, 252, 253 (fig.), 266.
a (fig.), 291, 292, 301, 307, 352,
353.
ignobilis, Neuromus, 180.
Tlex paraquariensis, 444.
iliaca, Passerella iliaca, 572.
iliacus, Telmatodytes palustris, 549.
illinoensis, Aimophila aestivalis, 570.
illota, Chrysopa, 188, 191.
immaculata, Ceratosmicra, 266, 267
(fig.), 288, 289 (fig.), 344, 346, 348,
354.
Smicra, 350.
Smiera, 350.
imparispine, Rhynchobothrium, 109.
indentata, Paragnetina, 178.
indetermina, Parasa, 282, 352.
indica, Lepas anatifera, 226.
Microptera, 213.
Spilochalcis, 318.
indicus, Argulus, 475, 483 (fig.).
indigenella, Mineola, 308, 353.
Indoleon, 195.
Indomicromus, 182.
600
Indophenes, 175, 195.
audax, 196.
barbara, 196.
sinensis, 196.
Indosialis, 179.
infestus, Myrmeleon, 195.
infirmus, Genarches, 75, 117, 119.
inflata, Deropristis, 49.
ingens, Argulus, 460, 467, 517.
Argulus nobilis var., 515.
inornatus, Catoptrophorus semipalma-
tus, 536.
insignis, Hvanophanes, 211.
insolita, Dendroleon, 193.
insularis, Renocis, 378, 379 (fig.), 381
(fig.), 400.
insularis, Spilochalcis, 304, 306.
integra, Gonothyraea, 576, 580.
integrifolia, Rhus, 396.
intermedius, Hydromanicus, 208.
interrupta, Chrysopa, 192.
intricatus, Ophion, 367.
Toamia, 410.
irideus. Salmo, 489.
Isadelphus, 539.
Iseropus, 362.
isostigma, Cheilodipterops,
(fig.).
Istiophorus americanus, 8.
itaira, Promicrops, 497.
Itoplectis, 362.
atrocoxalis, 362.
ovalis, 362.
pudibundae, 362.
Jadamga, 406, 416, 418 (fig.).
quinquelineata, 416, 418.
japonica, Himalopsyche, 201.
Psilotreta, 219.
Rhyacophila, 197.
Synagrops, 414, 417, 421, 422.
japonicum, Acropoma, 408, 414, 415
(fig.).
Melanostoma, 416, 422.
japonicus, Argulus, 460, 462 (fig.), 468,
469, 477, 485, 494 (fig.), 498, 502.
Gymnapogon, 403, 418 (fig.), 422.
jeanneli, Kamimuria, 176.
jenkinsi, Amia, 411.
Junco, Carolina, 571.
slate-colored, 570.
Junco hyemalis carolinensis, 571.
hyemalis hyemalis, 570.
juxta, Smicra, 311.
Spilochalcis, 246, 247 (fig.), 266, 267
(fig.), 308, 311, 315.
kahblii, Mischosmicra, 345, 346.
kalosoma, Amia, 410.
Kamimuria, 174, 175.
flavescens, 175.
fulvescens, 175.
jeanneli, 176.
simplex, 175.
taoi, 175.
tienmushanensis, 176.
Kapala, 481.
furcata, 431.
terminalis, 431.
PROCEEDINGS OF
415, 418
THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOL. 88
kauderni, Pterapogon, 411.
Kentucky, birds of, 529.
kiansuensis, Chrysopa, 188, 180, 191.
Kildeer, 536.
Kingbird, eastern, 542.
Kingfisher, eastern belted, 538.
Kinglet, eastern golden-crowned, 553.
eastern ruby-crowned, 553.
Kirk, Edwin, on Cestocrinus, a new fos-
sil inadunate crinoid genus, 221.
kisutch, Oncorhynchus, 489.
klapaleki, Tylopyge, 176.
Koellikeria sardae, 150.
(Didymozoon) thynni, 153.
xiphiados, 154.
kolbei, Acanthacorydalis, 180.
kreyembergi, Chrysopa, 188, 192.
Kurandapogon, 411.
blanchardi, 411, 412.
kwantungensis, Psilotreta, 220.
labradorius, Passereulus sandvichensis,
568, 569.
lachlani, Himalopsyche, 198.
Lachobiella, 181.
lacteicolor, Apanteles, 340, 354.
laeve, Tristoma, 10.
laeviceps, Parapsilogaster, 429.
laevigatus, Lagocephalus, 103.
laevis, Capsala, 10.
Raja, 34, 37, 107.
laevis, Zoogonoides, 45.
lageniforme, Distomum, 110.
Lagocephalus laevigatus, 108.
Lagodon rhomboides, 76, 493, 5900.
laguneula, Aponurus, 136.
lalandi, Seriola, 37, 538, 58.
laminata, Neuronema, 182, 183.
Stenopsyche, 204, 205, 206.
lanceolata, Rhyacophila, 197.
lanieri, Chalcis, 283.
Smicra, 283.
Spilochalcis, 279, 288, 288, 289 (fig.).
Laniidae, 554.
Lanioperea, 412.
mordax, 412,
Lanius ludovicianus migraus, 554.
Lantana horrida, 316.
Laphygma frugiperda, 300, 303, 338, 352.
laphygmae, Meteorus, 320, 354.
Rogas, 320, 354.
laricella, Coleophora, 338, 340, 353.
Lark, prairie horned, 543.
lasia, Chaleis, 245, 246, 247 (fig.), 248,
252, 258 (fig.), 277 (fig.), 332, 383
(fig.).
lasius, Exetastes, 364.
lasnierii, Chalcis, 283.
Latebrus, 422.
oculatus, 422.
lateralis, Clistopyga ?, 363.
Taeniotoca, 489.
Tromatobia, 363.
laticauda, Argulus, 477, 495, 496 (fig.).
latratus, Neuromus, 180.
latus, Argulus, 468, 498, 489, 500.
laureatum, Crepidostomum, 101.
INDEX
Lebouria, 62.
sp., 63, 64.
truncata, 62, 68.
Lecithaster, 132.
eonfusus, 132.
gibbosus, 182, 135.
Lecithasternae, 132.
Lecithocladium, 1438.
eristatum, 143.
excisum, 143.
gulosum, 148.
Lecithostaphylinae, 44.
Lecithostaphylus, 44.
nitens, 44.
leeta, Smicra, 317, 318.
Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 308, 317.
Lecythocrinus, 222.
ledifolius, Cercocarpus, 389.
legandrina, Notanatolica, 220.
Leguminosae, 373.
Leicderma furcigerum, 39.
Leiostomus xanthurus, 76, 97.
Lema nigrovittata, 348, 354.
trilineata, 348, 354.
lentiginosus, Botaurus, 533.
Lepas, 225, 226.
anatifera, 225, 226 (fig.), 230.
anatifera indica, 226.
australis, 227.
fascicularis, 229, 231.
fascicularis aurivillii, 225, 231
(fig.).
fascicularis donovoni, 231.
hillii, 226.
macrocannus, 226.
pectinata, 225, 229 (fig.).
pectinata beringiana, 230.
pectinata pacifica, 227, 228 (fig.).
pectinata squamosa, 230.
Lephradena edentula, 59.
Lepidamia, 410.
Lepidapedon, 91.
clavatum, 91.
elongatum, 92.
rachion, 91.
Lepidopsetta bilineata, 491.
Lepidoptera, 263, 269, 272, 275, 278, 282,
290, 300, 303, 806, 311, 331, 334, 336,
338, 340, 341, 352, 442.
lepidostei, Argulus, 479, 514 (fig.).
Lepisosteus osseus, 510, 515, 517.
sp., 515.
Lepocreadium, 84.
pyriforme, 84.
retrusum, 87.
trullaforme, 88.
Lepodora elongata, 92.
leptis, Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.). 328,
332, 333 (fig.), 340, 353.
Leptoceridae, 220.
Leptops olivaris, 486.
lepturus, Trichiurus, 25, 85, 105, 107,
112, 130.
Lespedeza, 570.
Leucochrysa, 187.
601
leucophrys, Zonotrichia leucophrys, 572.
Leucopsis, 243.
affinis, 270, 271 (fig.).
dorsigera, 270, 271 (fig.).
leucostigma, Hemerocampa, 348.
levinseni, Hemiurus, 116, 123.
levinsenii, Hermiurus, 123.
Lictorella, 576.
Limacodes sp., 282, 352.
Limacodidae, 282, 290, 352.
Limanda ferruginea, 65, 76.
limbata, Togoperla, 176.
limi, Umbra, 505.
Limnephilidae, 210.
Limnephilus, 174, 210, 211.
subfuscus, 211.
Limnocentropus, 174.
Limulus, 231.
lineolnii, Melospiza lincolnii, 572.
lineatus, Buteo lineatus, 534.
Cheilodipterus, 403, 412, 413, 418.
Roccus, 137.
lineolata, Archamia, 412.
lingua, Cryptocotyle, 155.
Tocotrema, 155.
Linton, Edwin, on trematodes from
fishes from Woods Hole region, Massa-
chusetts, 1.
Lintonia, 5.
papillosa, 5.
Lintonium, 40.
vibex, 40.
lissa, Ceratosmiera, 343.
Lissonotini, 524.
jobata, Arctopsyche, 209.
Lobotes surinamensis, 30, 116, 136.
longa, Azygia, 105.
longicauda, Microcotyle, 22.
longicauda, Neorhacodes, 525, 526 (fig.).
longipetiola, Smicra, 344, 346.
Lopezus, 174.
Lophius piscatorius, 107, 116, 126, 493.
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps, 124.
Lophopsetta maculata, 76, 91, 155, 493.
Lophyrocera floridana, 435.
Lovamia, 410.
Loxia curvirostra, 566.
curvirostra neogaea, 566.
Loxostege similalis, 366.
ludovicianus, Hedymeles, 565.
Thryothorus ludovicianus, 549.
tumpus, Cyclopterus, 68, 124, 130.
iunatus, Dictyosmylus, 198.
Mionorus, 410.
tuteus, Colaptes auratus, 538.
Lycaenidae, 263, 352.
Lycodontis moringa, 168.
Lyonetidae, 338, 353.
macarellus, Decapierus, 34, 76.
macassariensis, Apogonoides, 409.
Maceullochina, 416.
maclayi, Pseudoeryphalus, 382, 385.
Renocis, 376, 382.
maclura, Pteroplatea, 497.
macrocannus, Lepas, 226.
602
macrocotyle, Accacladocoelium, 146.
Distomum, 146.
macrodon, Cheilodipterus, 412, 418.
Macrolepis, 409.
macrophthalmus, Epigonus, 409.
macrops, Oxyodon, 412.
macularia, Actitis, 536.
maculata, Chalcis, 280, 282.
Lophopsetta, 76, 91, 155, 493.
Smicra, 280.
Smiera, 280.
maculatus, Monoprion, 410,
Scomberomorus, 34.
Sphoeroides, 42, 68, 76, 103, 133.
maculipennis, Cheumatopsyche chinen-
sis, 207.
Plutella, 388, 340, 353.
Rhyacophila, 197, 198.
maculosus, Argulus, 466, 468, 478, 505,
507, 508 (fig.).
Megaceryle aleyon aleyon, 588.
magna, Sturnella magna, 562.
magnolia, Dendroica, 557.
majalis, Fundulus, 500.
malayanus, Synagrops, 419
mali, Chrysobothris, 358.
malivorella, Coleophora, 338, 353.
Malus, 373.
sp., 358.
manipurensis, Schizaspidia, 436.
Stilbula, 486.
mantis, Podagrion, 332, 333 (fig.).
marginatum, Clinostomum, 157,
marginiventris, Apanteles, 297, 320, 354.
mariae, Chalcis, 303.
Smicra, 303.
Spilochalcis, 238, 252, 253 (fig.),
266, 267 (fig.), 270, 271 (fig.), 279,
288, 289 (fig.), 291, 292, 301, 303,
304, 306, 307, 352.
marina, Pomolobus strongylura, 482.
Strongylura, 3, 23, 30, 31, 68, 74.
marinus, Tylosurus, 187.
Marthamea, 174, 176.
armata, 176.
vitripennis, 177.
Martin, purple, 544.
mariynovi, Himalopsyche, 199, 200.
Stenopsyche, 203, 204.
masquinongy, Hsox, 480.
Massachusetts, trematodes from fishes
from Woods Hole region, 1.
mavori, Onchocotyle, 11.
maynardi, Vireo griseus, 555.
Mazocraeidae, 15.
Mazocraeoides, 15.
georgei, 15.
mclachiani, Neuromus, 180.
Meadowlark, eastern, 562.
southern, 563.
medianus, Dryobates pubescens, 541.
mediocris, Pomolobus, 16, 120, 128, 126,
so:
Meehean, O. Lloyd, on parasitic Crus-
tacea of the genus Argulus in U. S.
National Museum, 459.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOL, 88
Megaceryle aleyon aleyon, 538.
megachondros, Enodia, 44.
megalonis, Chalcis, 245, 250, 277 (fig.).
Megalomus, 182.
megalops, Argulus, 468, 469, 476, 492,
493 (fiz).
Hymnodus, 409.
melana, Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.) , 308,
309, 316, 340.
Melanerpes erythrocephalus
cephalus, 540.
melanocarpa, Prunus virginiana, 389.
melanocystis, Xenodistomum, 107.
Melanosmicra, 343.
ay menting Argulus, 476, 486 (fig.),
Melanostoma, 416.
argyreum, 414, 419.
japonicum, 416, 422.
melinus, Strymon, 263, 352.
Melospiza georgiana ericrypta, 573.
georgiana georgiana, 572.
lincolnii lincolnii, 572.
melodia euphonia, 574.
mendica, Smicra, 332, 334.
menesemus, Apogon, 411.
Menidia notata, 30, 31, 57, 126, 127, 135,
187, 188, 157, 500. $
Meniscus pulcherrimus, 366.
mentalis, Apogonichthys, 411.
Menticirrhus, 31.
americanus, 137.
Saxatilis, 34, 55, 62, 63, 76, 84, 85,
88, 97, 126, 138, 170.
Merluccius bilinearis, 14, 76, 124, 126,
138.
erythro-
Merulinus carolinus, 65, 68, 76, 138.
Mescinia peruella, 369.
mesillae, Spilochalcis, 301, 303.
Mesogramma polita, 297, 354.
polygonastyla, 297, 354.
Mesoleius telarius, 366.
Mesoleptini, 524.
Mesoleptus ? bucephalus, 366.
pulcherrimus, 366.
Mesostenus nobilis, 366.
Metadontia, 242, 243, 260.
eneene 261, 277 (fig.), 329 (fig.),
2.
montana, 261, 262.
nigricornis, 280.
meteori, Ceratosmicra,
210, 271 (fig.), 288,
(fig.), 344, 346, 354.
meteori, Smicra, 346.
Meteorus, 344.
hyphantriae, 348, 354.
laphygmae, 3820, 354.
sp., 3848, 351, 354.
versicolor, 338, 354.
mexicana, Cowania, 392, 393, 394.
mexicanus, Renocis, 378, 379 (fig.), 381
(fig.), 397.
microcephalus, Ancystrocephalus, 147.
Pleuronectes, 45.
266, 267 (fig.),
289 (fig.), 329
INDEX
Microcotyle, 18, 24.
earangis, 18.
furcata, 20.
longicauda, 22.
pomatomi, 18.
poronoti, 18.
sp., 18, 22.
spinicirrus, 21.
stenotomi, 19.
Microcotylidae, 18.
Microgadus tomcod, 65, 68, 103, 126, 157,
482, 498, 496.
microgaster, Chalcis, 245, 252, 253 (fig.),
259, 277 (fig.), 279, 329 (fig.), 332,
333 (fig.).
Smiera, 258, 259.
Microgasterinae, 523, 524.
?Microichthys, 409.
Microichthys coccoi, 409.
microlepis, Synagrops, 403, 417, 419, 491,
microlophus, Eupomotis, 486.
Micromiidae, 181.
Micromus, 181.
microphylla, Parkinsonia, 382.
Micropodidae, 537.
Microptera indica, 213.
Micropterna, 213.
Micropterus dolomieu, 105, 107, 157, 159.
salmoides, 514.
migrans, Lanius ludovicianus, 554.
migratorius, Turdus migratorius, 550.
militaris, Apanteles, 338, 340, 354.
mimicus, Pseudostenophylax, 214, 215,
217.
Mimidae, 550.
(?) Mimorista flavidissimalis, 269, 352.
Mimus polyglottos polyglottos, 550.
Mineola indigenella, 303, 353.
minima, Hylocichla minima, 552.
minimus, Pseudostenophylax, 214, 215,
216, 217.
minimus, Turdus, 552.
minor, Neoperla, 178.
Philohela, 536.
minuta, Aglaophenia, 577.
Orasema, 439, 457.
minutissima, Orasema, 488, 446.
Mionorus, 410.
Iunatus, 410.
mydrus, 411.
mirabilis, Smicra, 298, 300.
Mischosmicra, 344.
kahlii, 345, 346.
mississippiensis, Argulus, 478, 509 (fig.).
missouriensis, Smicra, 272, 273.
Spilochalcis, 272.
Mitella echinata, 234.
polymerus, 225, 234.
typica, 234.
Mniotilta varia, 556.
Mockingbird, eastern, 550.
Mola mola, 9, 57, 146, 147, 149, 166.
molae, Capsala, 9.
Tristomum, 9.
Molothrus ater ater, 564.
440140—42——2
603
molueccensis, Amia, 409.
Monocotylidae, 4.
Monogenea, 2.
Monopisthocotylea, 2.
Monoprion, 410.
maculatus, 410.
Monosira, 410.
stahli, 410.
Monostoma, 168.
sp., 168.
Monostomum bipartitum, 153.
orbiculare, 29.
vinaledwardsii, 167.
montana, Metadontia, 261, 262.
Smicra, 260, 261.
monticellii, Distomum, 129.
Hemiurus, 129.
Sterrhurus, 106, 129.
monticola, Pseudostenophylax (Tricho-
phylax), 213, 217.
mordax, Lanioperea, 412.
Osmerus, 34, 68, 126, 482.
moringa, Lycodontis, 168.
Morone americana, 11, 55, 62, 68, 88, 89,
97, 126.
eee Gadus, 5, 25, 61, 68, 93, 116, 124,
8.
moselyi, Stenopsyche, 204, 205, 206.
motacilla, Seiurus, 560.
Motacillidae, 553.
Mucropalpus, 182.
muelleri, Dinolestes, 412, 414, 415 (fig.).
mulleri, Distomum, 117.
miilleri, Genarches, 117.
mulleri, Progonus, 117.
Mullus auratus, 76.
fasciatus, 410.
multiradiata, Neosphyraena, 412.
multispinosa, Paragnetina, dite
mustelina, Hylocichla, 551.
mutatus, Glyphotaelius, 210.
mydrus, Mionorus, 411.
Myiarchus crinitus boreus, 542.
Myiochanes virens, 548.
Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus, 493.
scorpius, 496.
myrifex, Chalcis, 329 (fig.), 351.
Sphex, 245.
Myrmecoelurus, 174.
Myrmeleon audax, 195.
barbarus, 195.
infestus, 195.
Myrmeleonidae, 193.
Nannoenterum, 33.
baculum, 33.
gorgon, 36.
Nannus troglodytes hiemalis, 549.
natalensis, Synagrops, 422.
natalis, Ameiurus, 486, 508.
nattereri, Argulus, 508, 504.
naucrates, Hcheneis, 180, 493.
navasi, Himalopsyche, 200.
navasi, Stenopsyche, 203, 204, 205.
Neamia, 410.
octospina, 410.
604
Neascus, 159.
cuticola, 159.
nebulosus, Ameiurus, 486, 508, 514.
Negrokus, 195.
nelsoni, Dryobates pubescens, 542.
nematoptera, Agopon, 410.
Nemotaulius, 210.
Nenus, 181, 182.
Neochauliodes, 174, 179, 181.
fraternus, 181.
occidentalis, 181.
sinensis, 181.
neogaea, Loxia curvirostra, 566.
neomericana, Orasema, 438, 450, 455.
Neopanorpa, 174.
Neoperla, 175, 178.
minor, 178.
tingwashanensis, 178.
Neophylax, 174.
Neorchacodinae, 523.
Neorhacodes, 523, 524, 525, 527.
brevicauda, 525, 526.
enslini, 525.
longicauda, 525, 526 (fig.).
Neorhacodidae, 523.
Neorhacodinae, Ichneumon-flies of the
subfamily of, 523.
Neoscombrops, 407, 418 ( fig.), 422.
annectens, 403, 418 (fig.), 422.
Neosphyraena, 412.
multiradiata, 412.
nephropis, Stichocotyle, 37.
neptis, Chalcis, 245, 251, 252, 253 (fig.),
277 (fig.), 332, 383 (fig.).
Neuromus, 174, 179, 180.
ignobilis, 180.
latratus, 180.
melachlani, 180.
Neuronema, 174, 182.
deltoides, 182.
laminata, 182, 183.
similis, 183.
Sinensis, 183.
Neuropteroid insects from Szechwan,
China, 173.
nevadensis, Passerculus sandwichensis,
568, 569.
niger, Argulus, 467, 487, 489.
Hsox, 105, 107.
nigricans, Catostomus, 512.
Hypentelium, 486.
nigricornis, Chalcis, 279, 282.
Metadontia, 280.
Polymorphanisus, 207.
Smiera, 279.
Spilochalcis, 242, 252, 253 (fig.).
265, 270, 271 (fig.), 276, 278, 279,
283, 288, 289 (fig.), 329 (fig.), 352.
nigrirostris, Phytonomus, 338, 354.
nigrocincta, Amia, 412.
nigroflavum, Distomum, 147.
bigropicta, Smicra, 298.
Smiera, 298, 300.
nigropleuralis, Spilochalcis, 311, 312.
nigrotaeniatus, Cheilodipterus, 408, 414.
nigrovittata, Lema, 343, 354.
Nineta, 187.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOL, 88
nitens, Distoma, 44.
Distomum, 44.
Lecithostaphylus, 44.
nitidulus, Hemerobius, 185.
Nitzschia papillosa, 5.
nobilis, Argulus, 467, 479, 510, 515, 516
(fig.).
Mesostenus, 366.
Phytodietus, 366.
Noctuidae, 300, 303, 336, 338, 352.
nodulosa, Bunodera, 104.
nofae, Apogonichthys, 411,
Nogiperla, 174, 177.
chiangi, 177.
fraterna, 177, 178.
nortoni, Smicra, 287.
Spilochalcis, 252, 253 ( fig.), 270, 271
(fig.), 279, 287, 329 (fig.), 352,
notabilis, Seiurus noveboracensis, 560,
Notanatolica, 175, 220.
legendrina, 220.
notata, Menidia, 30, 31, 57, 126, 127, 135,
187, 138, 157, 500.
Strongylura, 518.
Nothochrysa, 175, 187, 193.
aequalis, 187.
Nothochrysidae, 186.
Nothopsyche, 174, 210, 211,
rhombifera, 211,
Notiobiella, 182.
neveboracensis, Seiurus noveboracensis,
559.
nubilalis, Pyrausta, 357.
nundinella, Gelechia, 331, 353.
Nuthatch, Florida, 547.
whiie-breasted 547.
Nymphalidae 278, 352.
oberthurinus, Spilosmylus, 193.
oblitus, Passerculus sandwichensis, 568,
569.
oblongus, Hrimyzon sucetta, 512.
Paralichthys 40, 47, 76.
obsoleta, Heliothis, 300, 308, 352.
occidentalis, Neochauliodes, 181.
Orasema, 439, 455, 457.
Tetranarce, 4.
ocellana, Tmetocera, 341, 353.
ocellaris, Fundulus, 500.
ocreatum, Distomum, 128, 124, 125.
octodecimspinosus, Acanthocottus, 48,
64, 68, 88.
Myoxocephalus, 493.
Octoplectanum affine, 13.
Octosmicra, 263.
sp., 261.
octospina, Neamia, 410.
octovittatus, Cheilodipterus, 418,
oculatus, Latebrus, 422.
Odontomachus haematodes, 431.
Odontomyia sp., 256, 259, 354.
vertebrata, 259, 354.
Odontota scutellaris, 323.
odontotae, Smicra, 322.
Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 308, 309,
321, 354.
Oecetis, 220,
turbata, 220.
INDEX
Ogeocephalus sp., 493.
Oligoplites saurus, 59, 130.
olivaceus, Vireo, 555.
olivaris, Leptops, 486.
olssoni, Podocotyle, 67.
omiscomaycus, Percopsis, 60, 171.
Onchocotyle, 11.
emarginata, 11.
mavori, 11.
Onchocotylidae, 11.
Oncorhynchus kisutch, 459.
tschawytscha, 75, 118, 119.
onitis, Tautoga, 21, 46, 65, 76, 97, 155.
Ophion, 367.
bermudensis, 367.
intricatus, 367.
Ophioninae, 524.
Oporornis formosus, 560.
Opsanus tau, 55, 57, 76, 138, 167, 496,
497.
Orasema, 427, 429, 436.
aened, 437, 443.
aureoviridis, 438, 439, 448, 459.
bakeri, 489, 452.
beameri, 438, 439, 447.
eameroni, 437, 443.
cockerelli, 439, 446, 452, 458, 455.
eoloradensis, 437, 439, 441.
flavipes, 446.
minuta, 439, 457.
minutissima, 458, 446.
neomexicana, 438, 450, 455.
occidentalis, 489, 455, 457.
roberisoni, 489, 450, 451.
simulatrix, 438, 450.
smithi, 438, 447.
stramineipes, 436, 488, 446.
tezana, 437.
tolteca, 487, 444.
violacea, 438, 445.
viridis, 439, 451, 452, 454, 456, 457.
wheeleri, 439, 452, 453, 455, AD6.
orbiculare, Monostomum, 29.
Orchestes pallicornis, 338, 354.
orgyiae, Casinaria, 348, 354.
orientalis, Acanthacorydalis, 180.
Oriole, orchard, 564.
ornatus, Cryptohelcostizus,
Orophocotyle, 148.
foliata, 148.
Orthopristis chrysopterus, 519.
Orthoptera, 202.
Osmerus mordax, 34, 68, 126, 482.
Osmylidae, 193.
Osmylus, 174, 193.
punctipennis, 193.
Osprey, 534.
osseus, Lepisosteus, 510, 515, 517.
Ostorhinchus, 409.
fleurieu, 409.
Otecoris alpestris praticola, 43.
Otodistomum, 107.
cestoides, 107.
veliporum, 107, 109.
Otus asio. asio, 537.
357, 359.
605
ovalis, Itoplectis, 362.
Pimpla, 562.
Pimpla (Itoplectis), 362.
Pimpla maculator, 362.
ovata, Rhus, 396.
ovatum, Gasterostomum, 29.
ovatus, Prosorhynechus, 29.
Ovenbird, 558.
Owl, northern barred, 537.
southern screech, 557.
Oxyechus vociferus vociferus, 536.
Oxyodon, 405, 412.
macrops, 412.
pacifica, Lepas pectinata, 227, 228 (fig.).
Palinurichthys perciformis, 76, 84, 85,
107, 120, 121, 130.
pallens, Smicra, 319.
Smiera, 319.
Spilochalcis, 308, 319, 354.
pallicornis, Orchestes, 338, 354.
pallidum, Homalometron, 96, 100.
pallipes, Chalcis, 325.
Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 309, 325.
palmarum, Dendroica palmarum, 5D9.
palustris, Telmatodytes palustris, 549.
pammelas, Galeagra, 403, 422.
Panargyrops, 359.
Pandion haliaetus carolinensis, 534.
pandionis, Apogon, 409.
Glossamia, 409.
Panorpa, 174.
pantherinus, Dendroleon, 194.
papillosa, Lintonia, 5.
Nitzschia, 5.
papillosum, Tristoma, 6, 8.
parabolicus, Dendroleon, 194.
Parachauliodes, 179.
paradoxa, Rhynchopharynx, 145.
Paraglenurus, 195.
Paragnetina, 178.
indentata, 178.
multispinosa, 177.
Parahynnodus, 403, 409.
robustus, 409.
Paralechia pinifoliella, 338, 353.
Paralichthys dentata, 13, 93.
dentatus, 52, 68, 76, 120, 138, 144,
493, 496.
oblongus, 40, 47, 76.
Paramia, 413.
Parapsilogaster, 429.
laeviceps, 429.
paraquariensis, Dex, 444.
Parasa indetermina, 282, 352.
Parascombrops, 416.
pellucidus, 416, 419.
Parasphyraenops, 420.
atrimanus, 414, 423.
Paratractus caballus, 53.
crysos, 18.
Paridae, 546.
Parkinsonia, 373, 382.
microphylla, 382.
parkinsoniae, Renocis 375,
(fig.), 381 (fig.).
parkmanii, Troglodytes aédon, 548.
376, 378, 379
606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
paru, Peprilus, 85, 141.
parvula, Amia, 410, 412.
parvus, Ancyrocephalus, 3.
Passerculus princeps, 568.
sandwichensis labradorius, 568, 569.
sandwichensis nevadensis, 568, 569.
sandwichensis oblitus, 568, 569.
Sandwichensis savanna, 567.
Passerella iliaea iliaea, 572.
Passerherbulus caudacutus, 570.
passerina, Spizella passerina, 571.
Passerina cyanea, 565.
Pastinachus centrourus, 5.
paulensis, Argulus, 468, 502, 503.
paulus, Corvus brachyrhynchos, 545, 546.
paya, Ceratosmicra, 266, 267 (fig.), 270,
271 (fig.), 288, 289 (fig.), 344, 348.
pectinata, Lepas, 225, 229 (fig.).
Tergestia, 43.
Theledera, 42.
pectinatum, Distomum, 43.
Pectinophora gossypiella, 363.
pectoralis, Albatrossia, 13.
pelagica, Chaetura, 537.
pellucidus, Parascombrops, 416, 419.
Peltoperla, 174, 178.
sinensis, 178.
pencillata, Hydropsyche, 207.
penicillatus, Renocis, 375, 378, 379 (fig.),
881 (fig.), 395.
peniculus, Pseudopotamorites, 212.
penitalis, Pyrausta, 357.
pennsylvanicum, Polygonum, 310.
pensylvanica, Dendroica, 558.
Pentasmiera, 264.
Penthestes carolinensis
546.
earolinensis extimus, 546.
Peprilus paru, 85, 141.
Perca flavescens, 68, 104, 157, 159, 514.
percaeformis, Amia, 410.
perciformis, Palinurichthys, 76, 84, 85,
107, 120, 121, 180.
Pereopsis omiscomaycus, 60, 171.
Perdicidae, 535.
perdix, Apogonichthys, 410.
peregrina, Vermivora, 556.
Perisiphonia, 578.
perla, Cintameva, 187.
Perlidae, 175.
perpicta, Togoperla, 176.
peruella, Mescinia, 369.
peruviana, Idechthis, 368.
petiolata, Ceratosmicra, 343.
pevzovi, Psilopterna, 213.
Pewee, eastern wood, 543.
phais, Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 291,
292, 307.
Phalonia sp., 334, 353.
Phaloniidae, 334, 353.
Phasganophora, 263.
suleata, 351.
Phasganophorae smicriformes, 263.
Pheidole carbonaria, 456.
ceres, 456.
vasliti var. acolhua, 445.
carolinensis,
VOL. 88
philippinense, Acropoma, 419.
philippinensis, Synagrops, 416, 419, 421.
Philohela minor, 536.
Philopotamus, 174, 209.
sinensis, 209.
Philosamia cynthia, 306, 352.
Phlebiomus, 181.
Phobetron pithecium, 290, 352.
Phoebe, eastern, 543.
phoebe, Sayornis, 543.
phoenica, Spilochalcis, 252, 258 (fig.),
265, 276, 288, 289 (fig.), 352.
phoenicapoda, Chalcis, 245, 257.
phoeniceus, Agelaius phoeniceus, 563.
Phryganeidae, 210.
Phychidae, 306, 352.
Phygadeuonini, 359.
Phytodietus, 366.
distinctus, 366.
nobilis, 366.
pulcherrimus, 366.
pulchra, 366.
telarius, 366.
zonatus, 366.
Phytonomus nigrirostris, 388, 354.
piceaella, Recurvaria, 338, 358.
Picidae, 538.
pictus, Histrio, 112, 125, 132.
Pieridae, 272, 275, 352.
pileatus, Ceophloeus pileatus, 539.
pilosus, EXxetastes, 364.
Pimpla, 360.
atrocoxalis, 362.
maculator ovalis, 362.
ovalis, 362.
(Itoplectis) ovalis, 362.
pudibundae, 362.
Pimplinae, 524.
pinguis, Diclidophora, 13.
Dinurus, 137, 145.
pini, Hemerobius, 185.
pinifoliella, Paralechia, 338, 353.
pinus, Dendroica pinus, 559.
Spinus pinus, 566.
piperatus, Argulus, 468, 486.
Pipilo erythrophthalmus canaster, 566.
erythrophthalmus . erythrophthal-
mus, 566.
Pipit, American, 553.
Piranga erythromelas, 564.
rubra rubra, 565.
piscatorius, Lophius, 107, 116, 126, 493.
pithecium, Phobetron, 290, 352.
pjasetzkyi, Stenopsyche, 204, 206.
Plagiorchiinae, 44.
Plagiosmicra, 260.
ashmeadi, 261, 262.
plana, Hydropsyche, 208.
platessoides, Hippoglossoides, 493.
Plathypena scabra, 340, 352.
platostomus, Cylindrosteus, 510, 515.
Platychirus, sp., 297, 354.
Platyphylax, 174, 210, 212.
rubescens, 212.
Plectrocnemia, 209.
sp., 209.
INDEX
Pledostomus commersonii, 501.
Pleorchis, 162.
americanus, 162.
Pleurocotyle, 17.
scombri, 17.
Pleuronectes microcephalus, 45.
plicata, Chlamys, 343, 354.
plicitum, Bianium, 102.
Psilostomum, 102.
plumieri, Haemulon, 168.
Plutella maculipennis, 338, 340, 353.
plutellae, Angitia, 388, 354,
Plutellidae, 338, 340, 353.
Pneumatophorus grex, 17, 88, 143, 152.
Podagrion, 242.
mantis, 332, 333 (fig.).
Podocotyle, 64.
atomon, 64.
olssoni, 67.
sp., 74.
Polioptila caerulea caerulea, 553.
polita, Mesogramma, 297, 354.
Pollachius virens, 68, 93, 120, 124, 126.
Polychrosis viteana, 340, 353.
Polyeyrtus, 355.
bicostatus, 355,
erythrosternus, 355.
polyglottos, Mimus polyglottos, 550.
polygonastyla, Mesogramma, 297, 354.
Polygonum pennsylvanicum, 310.
polymerus, Mitella, 225, 234.
Polymorphanisus, 175, 206.
nigricornis, 207.
unipunctus, 206.
Polyopisthocotylea, 11.
polyorchis, Distomum, 162.
polyphemus, Telea, 306, 352.
polyrachicida, Schizaspidia, 435.
Stilbula, 435.
polystigma, Apogon, 422.
Pseudamia, 403.
pomatomi, Microcotyle, 18.
Pomatomichthys, 409.
constanciae, 409.
Pomatomidae, 422,
Pomatomus, 409.
saltatrix, 19, 76, 85, 126, 130.
telescopium, 409.
Pomolobus aestivalis, 120.
mediocris, 16, 120, 123, 126, 135.
pseudoharengus, 16, 76, 120, 167,
482.
strongylura marina, 482.
Pooecetes gramineus gramineus, 570.
poppei, Hemerobius, 185.
poronoti, Microcotyle, 18.
Poronotus triacanthus, 18, 76, 85, 183,
148, 149, 157.
Potamorites, 212.
Potamyia, 174, 208.
chinensis, 208.
praticola, Otocoris alpestris, 543.
princeps, Passerculus, 568.
Prionotus carolinus, 493.
Pristiapogon, 410.
607
Prochrysopa, 187.
(?) Prodenia eridania, 336, 352.
Progne subis subis, 544.
Progonus mulleri, 117.
Prolimacodes badia, 290, 352.
proluta, Amphipsyche, 207.
promethea, Callosamia, 306, 352.
Promicrops itaira, 497.
Promoxis annularis, 514.
Prosopis, 378.
sp., 387.
Prosorhynehinae, 28.
Prosorhynchus, 28.
crucibulum, 28.
gracilescens, 30.
ovatus, 29.
Prosostomata, 37.
Proteocephalus ambloplites, 158.
Protohermes, 174, 179, 180.
costalis, 180.
davidi, 180.
flavipennis, 180.
horni, 180.
rubidus, 181.
xanthodes, 181.
Protonotaria citrea, 556.
pruniella, Coleophora, 338, 340, 353.
pruinosus, Renocis, 377, 879 (fig.), 381
(fig.), 383.
Prunus, 373.
americana, 393.
virginiana, 395.
virginiana melanocarpa, 389.
Pseudamia, 406, 422.
polystigma, 403.
Pseuderipternus, 372.
elongatus, 372.
gracilipes, 372.
pseudoacacia, Robinia, 323.
Pseudocryphalus, 374, 375, 394.
brittaini, 374, 394.
criddlei, 395.
maclayi, 382, 385.
pseudoharengus, Pomolobus, 16, 76, 120,
167, 482.
Pseudopleuronectes, 120.
pseudohispanicus, Clupanodon, 142,
pseudomicrolepis, Synagrops, 417, 420,
421
Pseudopleuronectes americanus, 40, 64,
65, 76, 88, 97, 120, 498, 496, 500.
pseudoharengus, 120.
Pseudopotamorites peniculus, 212.
Pseudostenophylax, 174, 210, 213, 214,
ALT PAksy
amplus, 213, 214.
brevis, 214, 215, 216.
difficilis, 214.
grahami, 214, 215.
hirsutus, 218.
mimicus, 214, 215, 217.
minimus, 214, 215, 216, 217.
(Trichophylax) monticola, 213, 217.
rotundipennis, 217.
szechuanensis, 214.
608
Psilogaster, 427.
antennatus, 427.
Psilopterna, 210, 212.
pevzovi, 2138.
sinensis, 212.
Psilostomum plicitum, 102.
Psilotreta, 174, 219.
chinensis, 219.
japonica, 219.
kwantungensis, 220.
Psychopsidae, 186.
Pterapogon, 411.
kauderni, 411.
Pteroplatea maciura, 497.
pubescens, Dryobates, 542.
pudibundae, Itoplectis, 362.
Pimpla, 862.
pugettensis, Argulus, 462 (fig.), 466, 467,
476, 477, 487, 488 (fig.), 490.
pulcherrimus, Meniscus, 366.
Mesoleptus, 366.
Phytodietus, 366.
pulehra, Ctenopelima, 366.
Phytodietus, 366.
Smicra, 274, 275.
Smiera, 274.
punctata, Chalcis, 297, 300.
Conura, 297.
Smicra, 297.
Sphex, 297.
punctatus, Ictalurus, 486, 518.
punctipennis, Osmylus, 193.
purpureus, Carpodacus purpureus, 566.
Exetastes, 364.
pusilla, Compsothlypis americana, 557.
Spizella pusilla, 571.
Wilsonia pusilla, 561.
Pyralidae, 269, 308, 334, 352.
Pyrausta ainslieli, 357.
nubilalis, 357.
penitalis, 357.
pyriforme, Distomum, S84, 85.
Lepocreadium, 84.
gquadripunctatus, Apoderus, 372.
quelea, Rhamdia, 501.
quinquelineata, Jadamga, 416, 418.
quinquelineatus, Cheilodipterus, 403,
416.
Quiscalus versicolor, 564.
rachion, Distomum, 96.
Lepidapedon, 91.
Raja diaphanes, 34, 107.
laevis, 34, 37, 107.
Rallidae, 535.
Rapbidia, 174.
Recurvaria piceaella, 338, 353.
Redstart, 561.
Red-wing, eastern, 563.
regalis, Cynoscion, 22, 62, 63, 76, 85, 138,
163.
regius, Urophycis, 76.
regulata, Chrysopidia, 187, 188.
Regulus satrapa satrapa, 553.
Remora remora, 5, 126. 130, 168.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOL, 88&-
Renocis, 878, 374, 375, 376, 379, 381, 383,
384, 397.
braziliensis, 375, 378, 379 (fig.), 381
(fig.), 398.
brittaini, 376, 394, 395.
brumneus, 376, 377, 379 (fig.), 381
(fig.), 389.
commiztus, 376, 377, 3879 (fig.), 381
(fig.), 392.
criddlei, 376, 377, 395.
fasciatus, 377, 379 (fig.), 381 (fig.),
385.
fuscus, 377, 379 (fig.), 381 (fig.),
391.
heterodoxus, 374. 375, 376, 377, 379%
(fig.). 381 (fig.). 387, 393.
insularis, 378, 379 (fig.), 381 (fig.),.
400.
maclayi, 376, 382.
mexicanus, 378, 879 (fig.), 881 (fig.),
397.
parkinsoniae, 375,
(fig.), 881 (fig.).
penicillatus, 375, 378, 379 (fig.), 381,
(fig.), 395.
pruinosus 377, 379 (fig.), 381 (fig.),
383.
376, 378, 379
reticularis, Esox, 505.
reticulatus, Argulus, 477, 497 (fig.).
retrosella, Amia, 411.
retrusum. Lepocreadium, 87.
Reuterobius, 185.
Rhabdamia, 410.
clupeiformis, 410.
Rhacodes, 528, 524, 525.
enslini, 525.
Rhacodinae, 525.
Rhamdia quelea, 501.
Rhectogramma, 422.
sherborni, 422.
rhombifera, Nothopsyche, 211.
rhomboana, Hydropsyche, 207, 208.
rhomboides, Lagodon, 76, 495, 500.
Rhus, 373.
integrifotia, 396.
ovata, 396.
Rhyacophila, 174, 196, 197, 202.
auricularis, 197.
earletoni, 197.
gigantea, 197.
grahami, 197.
hobsoni, 196.
japonica, 197.
lanceolata, 197.
maculipennis, 197, 198.
sinensis, 196.
tibetana, 197.
Rhyacophilidae, 196.
Rhynchobothrium imparispine, 109.
Rhynchopharynx paradoxa, 145.
Ribes, 378.
sp., 396.
Richmondena cardinalis cardinalis, 565.
rigida, Buperisiphonia, 578, 579, 580.
INDEX
Riparia riparia riparia, 543.
robertsom, Orasema, 439, 450, 451.
Robin, eastern, 550.
southern, 551.
Robinia pseudoacacia, 323.
robusta, Amia, 411.
robustus, Parahynnodus, 409.
Roceus chrysops, 514.
lineatus, 137.
saxatilis, 55.
rochei, Auxis, 27, 43, 152.
Rogas laphygmae, 320, 354.
ere Compsothlypis americana,
D7.
Romaniella, 527.
exsulcatus, 525, 527.
Rosaceae, 373.
roseigaster, Apogon, 408.
rostrata, Anguilla, 50, 68, 126, 137, 138,
496.
Rothschildia sp., 306, 352.
rotundipennis, Pseudostenophylax, 217.
Roulette, prehistoric, from Wyandotte
County, Kansas, 581.
ruber, Apogon, 409.
rubescens, Anthus spinoletta, 553.
Platyphylax, 212.
rubidus, Protohermes, 181.
rubra, Piranga rubra, 565.
rudolphianum, Tristomum, 9.
ruficapilla, Vermivera ruficapilla, 556.
rufigaster, Cryptohelcostizus, 357, 358.
rufipes, Chaleis, 257.
EXxxetastes, 364.
Smicra, 257.
rufofemorata, Smicra, 255, 256.
rufoviride, Distomum, 137.
rufum, Toxostoma rufum, 550.
rugosum, BHudendrium, 575, 580.
rumiecis, Hypera, 338, 354.
rupestris, Ambloplites, 508.
ruticilla, Setophaga, 561.
sadina, Etrumeus, 46, 120, 130, 133, 168.
salicicola, Hylocichla fuscescens, 552.
salmani, Coleophora, 338, 340, 353.
salminei, Argulus, 468, 478, 502, 503
(fig.).
Salmo irideus, 489.
salmoides, Huro, 486.
Micropterus, 514.
saltatrix, Pomatomus, 19, 76, 85, 126,
130.
Salvelinus fontinalis, 101, 157, 159.
Samia cecropia, 306, 352.
Sandpiper, eastern solitary, 536.
spotted, 536.
sanguineiventris, Smicra, 335.
Spilochalcis, 3827, 328, 332, 333
(fig.), 335, 352, 354.
sapidissima, Alosa, 76.
Sapsucker, yellow-bellied, 540.
Sarda sarda, 15, 25, 76, 150.
sardae, Didymozoon, 150.
Koellikeria, 150.
609
Sargassum, 577.
satrapa, Regulus satrapa, 553.
Saturniidae, 306, 352.
saurus, Oligoplites, 59, 130.
savanna, Passerculus sandwichensis,
567.
Saxatilis, Menticirrhus, 34, 55, 62, 63,
76, 84, 85, 88, 97, 126, 138, 170.
Roceus, 55.
say, Amphotistius, 497.
Sayiella, 343.
debilis, 346.
Sayornis phoebe, 543.
seabra, Plathypena, 340, 352.
Scalpellum columbianum, 225, 232, 233
(fig.).
(Arcoscalpellum ) columbianum,
9
gruvelianum, 232.
Scepterias, 409.
fragilis, 409.
Schizaspidia, 481, 436.
antennata, 432, 433.
convergens, 431.
furcifera, 481, 432.
manipurensis, 436.
polyrachicida, 435.
septentrionalis, 485.
tenuicornis, 434.
Schneiderobius, 182, 185,
schoepfi, Ceratacanthus, 57, 91, 92, 107,
120, 165.
Schultz, Leonard P., on two new genera
and three new species of cheilodip-
terid fishes, 403.
Sclerodistominae, 110.
Scolopacidae, 536.
Seolytid beetles, of genus Renocis, 373.
Scomber boops, 422.
scombrus, 25, 76, 120, 126, 1338. 145,
1523
Scomberomorus maculatus, 34.
seombri, Didymozoon, 149.
Pleurocotyle, 17.
Scombrops, 407, 414, 422.
boops, 414.
cheilodipterus, 414, 422.
secombrus, Scomber, 25, 76, 120, 126, 1838,
143, 152.
Scopelapogon, 408.
scorpius, Myoxocephalus, 496.
scutellaris, Conura, 240.
Eucharis, 425.
Odontota, 323.
secunda, Diplodontia, 280, 282.
secundodorsalis, Thunnus, 112, 153.
Seiurus aurocapillus, 559.
motacilla, 560.
noveboracensis notabilis, 560.
noveboracensis noveboracensis, 559.
sellicauda, Apogon, 411.
semibrachyptera, Claassenia, 175.
septentrionalis, Cathartes aura, 533.
Schizaspidia, 435.
Stilbula, 485.
610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88
Seriola lalandi, 37, 538, 58. Smicra debilis, 344.
zonata, 112, 120, 121, 152. decempunctata, 331, 334.
serpentulus, Accacladium, 147. delicata, 292.
ECS Synagrops, 414, 416, 417, delicn tates
421. a4) SHA
delira, 331, 354, 357.
serripennis Stelgidopteryx rufipennis, dalumbise24o
Sertularella, 578. dorsata, 272.
Setophaga ruticilla, 561. encausta, 313, 314.
sherborni, Rhectogramma, 422. eubule, 269.
Shrike, migrant, 554. exornata, 266.
Sialia sialis sialis, 552. femorata, 297.
Sialidae, 178. flammeola, 286.
Sialinae, 178. flammula, 286.
sialis, Sialia sialis, 552.
Sialis, 174, 179.
sinensis, 179.
siamensis, Argulus, 475, 482 (fig.).
flavipes, 325.
flavopicta, 331, 334.
flebilis, 254.
side, Smicra, 336. gigantea, 351.
Smiera, 336. hirtifemora, 295.
Spilochalcis, 238, 264, 266, 267 (fig.), ignea, 298.
826, 327, 328, 332, 333 (fiig.), 3385, igneoides, 301.
336, 339, 340, 342, 348, 352, 353, immaculata, 350.
304. juxta, 311.
silphiella, Choreutis, 338, 353. lanieri, 283.
similalis, Loxostege, 366. lecta, 317, 318.
similis, Neuronema, 183. longipetiola, 344, 346.
simplex, Bathysphyraenops, 423. maculata, 280.
Distomum, 64, 67.
Kamimuria, 175.
Sinistropus, 64.
simulatrixz, Orasema, 488, 450.
sinensis, Indophanes, 196.
Philopotamus, 209.
Psilopterna, 212.
mariae, 303.
mendica, 832, 334.
meteori, 346.
microgaster, 258, 259.
mirabilis, 298, 300.
missouriensis, 272, 273.
Sialis, 179. montana, 260, 261.
sinensis, Neochauliodes, 181. nigricornis, 279.
Neuronema, 183. nigropicta, 298.
Peltoperla, 178. nortoni, 287.
Rhyacophila, 196. odontotae, 322.
sinica, Chrysopa, 189, 190, 192. pallens, 319.
Sinistropus simplex, 64. pulchra, 274, 275.
Siphamia, 404, 408. punctata, 297.
tubifer, 408. rufipes, 257.
Siphodera, 167. rufofemorata, 255, 256.
vinaledwardsii, 167. sanguineiventris, 335.
Siskin, northern pine, 566. side, 336.
sispes, Chalcis, 238, 239 (fig.), 243, 244. subobsoleta, 323.
Sitta carolinensis atkinsi, 547. subpunctata, 298.
carolinensis carolinensis, 547. torvina, 336.
Sittidae, 547. tourina, 537.
Smicra, 237, 243, 263. transitiva, 274, 275.
(Smiera), 237. virens, 284, 286.
albifrons, 339, 340. vittata, 301, 303.
amoena, 261. Smiera, 237, 248, 268.
arcana, 313. divisa, 246.
barbara, 255. eubule, 269.
bimaculata, 351. flavopicta, 331.
bioculata, 323, 325. ignea, 298, 300.
bioculata faceta, 323, 325. immaculata, 350.
bracata, 280, 282. maculata, 280.
bracata coaequalis, 280, 282. nigropicta, 298, 300.
canadensis, 258. pallens, 319.
carolina, 280, 282. pulchra, 274.
conjungens, 240, 286. side, 336.
coxalis, 284, 286. subpunctata, 297, 300.
eressoni, 348. transitiva, 274.
INDEX 611
smithi, Orasema, 488, 447.
snyderi, Apogon, 411.
Solanum, 310.
solitaria, Tringa solitaria, 536.
solitarius, Vireo solitarius, 555.
Sparrow, Bachman’s, 570.
eastern chipping, 571.
eastern field, 571.
eastern fox, 572.
eastern grasshopper, 570.
eastern lark, 570.
eastern Savannah, 567.
eastern swamp, 572.
eastern vesper, 570.
Labrador Savannah, 569.
LeConte’s, 570.
Mississippi song, 574.
Nevada Savannah, 569.
western grasshopper, 570.
western swamp, 573.
white-crowned, 572.
white-throated, 572.
sparverius, Faleo sparverius, 535.
Sphaeramia, 410.
Sphex myrifex, 243.
punctata, 297.
Sphoeroides maculatus, 42, 68, 76, 108,
133.
Sphyraena borealis, 34, 64, 188.
Sphyraenops, 422.
bairdianus, 422.
Sphyrapieus varius varius, 540.
Spilochalcis, 242, 243, 263, 264, 307, 326.
albifrons, 328, 339, 352, 353, 354.
apaiis, 270, 271 (fig.), 308, 315, 316.
arcana, 266, 267 (fig.), 308, 313.
bioculata, 323.
bracata, 280.
braccata, 280, 282.
clora, 266, 267 (fig.), 292, 306.
conjungens, 286.
coxalis, 278, 279, 284, 286.
(?) debilis, 344, 346, 348.
delicata, 252, 253 (fig.), 270, 271
(fig.), 288, 289 (fig.), 291, 292.
329 (fig.).
delira, 331, 337.
delumbis, 266, 267 (fig.), 328, 332,
833 (fig.), 342, 354.
dema, 266, 267 (fig.), 327, 328, 329
(fig.), 330, 332, 333 (fig.), 353.
dorsata, 252, 253 (fig.), 265, 270,
271 (fig.), 272, 288, 289 (fig.).
elachis, 291, 294, 327.
eubule, 252, 253 (fig.), 265, 269, 288,
289 (fig.), 352.
exornata 252, 258 (fig.), 265, 266,
276, 288, 289 (fig.), 352.
femorata, 246, 247 (fig.), 252, 253
(fig.) 265, 278, 279, 288, 289 (fig.),
291, 292, 297, 327, 352.
flammeola, 279, 286.
flavopicta, 246, 247 (fig.), 266, 267
(fig.), 328, 330, 331, 332, 333 (fig.).
335, 352, 353, 354.
flebilis, 254.
Spilochalcis hirtifemora, 252, 253 (fig.),
291, 292, 294, 295, 327, 354.
homledrae, 240.
igneoides, 252, 253 (fig.), 266, 267
(fig.), 291, 292, 301, 307, 352, 353.
indica, 318.
insularis, 304, 306.
juxta, 246, 247 (fig.), 266, 267 (fig.),
308, 311, 315.
lanieri, 279, 283, 288, 289 (fig.).
lecta, 266, 267 (fig.), 308, 317.
leptis, 266, 267 (fig.), 328, 332, 333
(fig.) 340, 353.
mariae, 238, 252, 253 (fig.), 266, 267
(fig.), 270, 271 (fig.), 279, 288,
28Y (fig.), 291, 292, 301, 303, 304,
306, 307, 352.
melana, 266, 267 (fig.), 308, 309,
316, 340.
mesillae, 301, 303.
missouriensis, 272.
nigricornis, 242, 252, 253 (fig.), 265,
270, 271 (fig.), 276, 278, 279, 283,
288, 289 (fig.), 329 (fig.), 352.
nigropleuralis, 311, 312.
nortoni, . 252, 253. (fig.), 270, 271
(fig.), 279, 287, 329 (fig.), 352.
odontotae, 266, 267 (fig.), 308, 309,
321, 354.
pallens, 308, 319, 354.
pallipes, 266, 267 (fig.), 309, 325.
phais, 266, 267 (fig.), 291, 292, 307.
phoenica, 252, 253 (fig.), 265, 276,
288, 289 (fig.), 352.
sanguineiventris, 327, 328, 332, 333
(fig.), 335, 352, 354.
side, 238, 264, 266, 267 (fig.), 326,
327, 328, 332, 333 (fig.), 335, 336,
339, 340, 342, 348, 352, 353, 354.
sp., 330, 331, 335, 337.
subobsoleta, 266, 267 (fig.), 288, 289
(fig.), 308, 309, 320, 323, 326.
syrphidis, 240, 295, 296, 297.
tanais, 266, 267 (fig.), 270, 271 (fig.),
308, 309, 353.
torvina, 336, 338.
torvina ancylae, 339, 352.
transitiva, 252, 253 (fig.), 264, 265,
274, 278, 288, 289 (fig.), 352.
trinidadensis, 304, 305, 306.
virens, 284, 285.
vittata, 301.
rantha, 308. 320.
xanthostigma, 246. 247 (fig.), 264,
277 (fig.), 307, 308, 329 (fig.), 351.
Spilomena troglodytes, 523, 525.
Spilosmicra, 263.
Spilosmylus, 175, 193.
epiphanes, 193.
oberthurinus, 193.
spinicirrus, Microcotyle, 21.
spinosa, Synagrops, 416, 417, 421.
spinosus, Argulus megalops var., 168,
492.
Chilomycterus, 498.
612
spinuloides, Adoneta, 282, 352.
Spinus pinus pinus, 566.
tristis tristis, 566.
Spiza americana, 566.
Spizella passerina arizonae, 571.
passerina passerina, 571.
pusilla arenacea, 571.
pusilla pusilla, 571.
spurius, Icterus, 564.
squamosa, Lepas pectinata, 230.
stahli, Monosira, 410.
Starling, 554.
Steganoderma, 47.
formosum, 47.
Stegopoma, 577.
fastigiata, 577, 580.
Sen ee rufipennis serripennis,
4
Stellaris, Cistothorus, 550.
stellatus, Apogonichthys, 410.
Stenocollum, 166.
fragile, 166.
Stenopsyche, 174, 203.
cinerea, 206.
grahami, 203. 204, 205, 206.
laminata, 204, 205, 206.
martynovi, 203, 204.
moselyi, 204, 205, 206.
navasi, 203, 204, 205.
pjasetzkyi, 204, 206.
stotzneri, 203, 204, 205.
tibetana, 206.
stenotomi, Microcotyle, 19.
Stenotomus chrysops, 20, 76, 85, 120,
135.
Stephanidae, 524.
Stephanophiolinae, 101.
Stephanostomum, 51.
dentatum, 51, 58.
filiforme, 53.
sp. 58, 59.
tenue, 55 63.
tenuis, 51.
valde-inflatum, 57.
Steringophoridae, 39.
Steringophorinae, 39.
Steringophorus, 39.
cluthensis, 41.
fureiger, 39.
Sterrhurus, 129.
monticellii, 106, 129.
sp. 132.
Sterrhurinae, 129.
Stichocotyle, 37.
nephropis, 37.
Stilbula, 432, 434, 435, 436.
cyniformis, 435, 436.
eynipiformis, 435.
floridana, 485, 436.
manipurensis, 436.
polyrachicida, 435.
septentrionalis, 435.
tenuicornis, 434, 436.
Stizostedion vitreum, 159, 480.
stizostethii, Argulus, 467, 468, 469, 475,
479, 480 (fig.), 482.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOL, 88
stotzneri, Stenopsyche, 203, 204, 205.
Stramineipes, Orasema, 436, 488, 446.
Stratiomylidae, 256, 259, 354.
striata, Amia, 412.
Dendroica, 559.
striatus, Centropristes, 133.
striatus, Cestocrinus, 221, 223.
Strigeidae, 158.
Strigidae, 537.
Strix varia varia, 5387.
Strongylura marina, 3, 23, 30, 31, 68, 74.
notata, 518.
Strymon cecrops, 262, 268, 352.
melinus, 263, 352.
sturio, Acipenser, 50.
Sturnella magna argutula, 563.
magna magna, 562.
Sturnidae, 554.
Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris, 554.
Stylosanthus, 442.
subfuseus, Limnephilus, 211.
subis, Progne subis, 544.
subobsoleta, Smicra, 323.
Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 288, 289
(fig.), 308, 309, 320, 328, 326.
subpunctata, Smicra, 298.
Smiera, 297, 300.
sucetta, Erimyzon, 508.
EHrimyzon sucetta, 486.
sulcata, Phasgonophora, 351.
surinamensis, Lobotes, 30, 116, 136.
Swallow, bank, 543.
Swift, chimney, 537.
Sylviidae, 553.
Sympherobius, 182.
Synagrops, 406, 414, 415 (fig.), 416, 419,
420, 421.
argyrea, 416, 419, 421.
bella, 414, 417, 421.
grossidens, 417, 419, 421.
japonica, 414, 417, 421, 422.
malayanus, 419.
microlepis, 403, 417, 419, 421.
natalensis, 422.
philippinensis, 416, 419, 421.
pseudomicrolepis, 417, 420, 421.
serratospinosa. 414, 416, 417, 421.
spinosa, 416, 417, 421.
Synodus foetens, 62, 68, 120, 187, 138.
Syrictes fuscus, 76.
Syrphidae, 297, 354.
syrphidis, Spilochalcis, 240, 295, 296, 297.
szechuanensis, Pseudostenophylax, 214.
Szechwan, China, neuropteroid insects
from, 173.
Taeniotoca lateralis, 489.
Tanager, Searlet, 564.
summer, 565.
tanais, Spilochalcis 266, 267 (fig.), 270,
271 (fig.), 308, 309, 353.
taoi, Kamimuria, 175.
tau, Opsanus, 55, 57, 76, 188, 167, 496,
497.
Tautoga onitis, 21, 46, 65, 76, 97, 155.
Tautogolabrus adspersus, 76, 88, 120,
looms
telarius, Mesoleius, 366.
Phytodietus, 366.
Telea polyphemus, 306, 352.
Telescopias, 406, 422.
gilberti, 414, 415 (fig.), 422.
telescopium, Pomatomus, 409.
telescopius, Hpigonus, 414.
Telescops, 409.
Telmatodytes palustris dissaéptus, 550.
palustris iliacus, 549.
palustris palustris, 549.
tensa, Himasthla, 61.
tenue, Distomum, 55.
Stephanostomum, 55, 63.
tenuicornis, Halesinus, 215, 219.
Schizaspidia, 434.
Stilbula, 434, 486.
tenuis, Stephanostomum, 51.
Urophycis, 76, 120, 126, 129.
tenuissime, Distoma tenue, 55.
Tergestia, 43.
pectinata, 43.
terissinus, Balmes, 186.
terminalis, Kapala, 481.
Tetracotyle, 158.
communis, 158.
Tetranarce occidentalis, 4.
Tetraonchinae, 3.
Tetraonidae, 535.
Tetrasmicra, 264, 282.
terana, Orasema, 437.
texanus, Colinus virginianus, 535.
Dirhinus, 246, 247 (fig.).
Thecla sp., 263, 352.
Theledera pectinata, 43.
Thrasher, eastern brown, 550.
Thraupidae, 564.
Thrush, eastern hermit, 551.
eastern olive-backed, 551.
gray-checked, 552.
western olive-backed, 551.
willow, 552.
wood, 551.
Thryomanes bewickii bewickii, 549.
Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus,
549.
thuiella, Argyresthia, 338, 353.
Thunnus secundodorsalis, 112, 158.
thynnus, 110, 111.
thurberiella, Bucculatrix, 358, 353.
thynni, Hexostoma, nS:
Koellikeria
thynnus, Thunnus, 110, 111.
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis,
340, 852.
tibetana, Eubasillissa, 210.
Rhyacophila, 197.
Stenopsyche, 206.
tienmushanensis, Kamimuria, 176.
tingwashanensis, Neoperla, 178.
Titmouse, tufted, 547.
Tmetocera ocellana, 341, 358.
Tocotrema lingua, 155.
togata, Bonasa umbellus, 580.
(Didymozoon), 153.
306,
INDEX
613
Togoperla, 174, 176.
bifoveolata, 176.
grahami, 176.
limbata, 176.
perpicta, 176.
valvulata, 176.
tolteca, Orasema, 437, 444.
tomeod, Microgadus, 65, 68, 103, 126,
157, 482, 493, 496.
tornatum, Distomum, 187, 141.
tornatus, Dinurus, 141.
torresiensis, Apogon hyalosoma vyar.,
410.
Tortricidae, 341, 353.
torvina, Smicra, 336.
Spilochalecis, 336, 338.
tourina, Smicra, 837.
Towhee, red-eyed, 566.
Toxostoma rufum rufum, 5950.
Trachinotus faleatus, 76.
Trachurops crumenophthalma,
76, 98, 112, 180, 142.
transitiva, Smicra, 274, 275.
Smiera, 274.
Spilochalcis 252, 253 (fig.), 264, 265,
274, 278, 288, 289 (fig.), 352.
Trematodes from fishes from Woods
Hole region, Mass., 1.
triacanthus, Poronotus, 18, 76, 85, 133,
148, 149, 157.
Trichiurus lepturus, 25, 85, 105, 107, 112,
130.
Trichophylax, 217, 218.
Trichopodus sp., 480.
tridentata, Covillea, 527.
trilineata, Lema, 348, 354.
trilineatus, Argulus, 468, 494.
Tringa solitaria solitaria, 536.
trinidadensis, Spilochaleis, 304, 305, 306.
Trismicra, 264.
tristis, Spinus tristis, 566.
tristoechus, Atractosteus, 517.
Tristoma, 6.
coecineum, 8.
laeve, 10.
papillosum, 6, 8.
Tristomum coccineum, 6.
molae, 9.
rudolphianum, 9.
Trochilidae, 538.
troglodytes, Spilomena, 523, 525.
Troglodytes aédon baldwini, 548.
aédon parkmanii, 548.
Troglodytidae, 548.
Tromatobia, 363.
lateralis, 363.
Trowbridge, Harry M.; see Wedel and
Trowbridge. 581.
trullaforme, Lepocreadium, 88.
truncata, Lebouria, 62, 63.
truncatus, Apotemnus, 360, 861 (fig.).
Tryphoninae, 524.
Tryphonini, 524.
tschawytscha, Oncorhynchus,
119.
31, 68,
15, 118,
614
tubifer, Siphamia, 408.
Tumeochrysa, 187.
turbata, Oecetis, 220.
Turdidae, 550.
Turdus migratorius achrusterus, 551.
migratorius migratorius, 550.
minimus, 552.
Tylopyge, 176.
klapaleki, 176.
Tylosurus marinus, 1387.
typica, Mitella, 234.
Tyrannidae, 42. .
tyrannus, Brevoortia, 120, 168.
Tyrannus tyrannus tyrannrus, 542.
Udeopsylla, 202.
Udontellidae, 5.
Umbra limi, 505.
unicolor, Apogon, 411.
unimaculatus, Archosargus, 518.
uninotata, Amia, 412.
unipuncius, Polymorphanisus, 206.
Urophycis chuss, 68, 98, 124, 126, 129.
regius, 76.
tenuis, 76, 120, 126, 129.
ussuriensis, Halesinus, 218.
vaiulae, Foa, 411.
valde-inflatum, Distomum, 57.
Stephanostomum, 57.
valvatum, Glossosoma, 203.
valvulata, Togoperla, 176.
vanderbilti, Acanthapogon. 413.
varia, Mniotilta, 556.
Strix varia, 537.
varians, Argulus, 460, 468, 492.
varians, Gargorchis, 168.
varicus, Derogenes, 116.
varius, Sphyrapicus varius. 540.
Veery, 552.
veliporum, Distomum, 107.
Otodistomum, 107, 109.
velox, Accipiter striatus, 534.
Vermivora peregrina, 556.
ruficapilla ruficapilla, 556.
vermivorus, Helmitheros, 556.
vernalis, Clupea, 482.
versicolor, Amia, 408.
Argulus, 466, 478, 505, 506 (fig.), 507,
508.
Meteorus, 338, 354,
Quiscalus, 564.
vertebrata, Odontomyia, 259, 354.
Vespa femorata, 297.
vetula, Balistes, 42.
vibex, Distomum, 40.
Lintonium, 40.
villosus, Dryobates villosus, 540.
vinaledwardsii, Monostomum, 167.
Siphodera, 167.
? Vineentia, 410.
waterhousei, 410.
violacea, Orasema, 488, 445.
violaceus, Argulus, 477, 500, 501 (fig.).
virens, Dendroica virens, 557.
Icteria virens, 560.
Myiochanes, 543.
PROCEEDINGS OF
THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VoL, 88
virens, Pollachius, 68, 93, 120, 124, 126..
Smicra, 284, 286.
Spilochalcis, 284, 285,
Vireo, blue-headed, 555.
mountain, 555.
red-eyed, 555.
white-eyed, 554.
yellow-throated, 555.
Vireo flavifrons, 555.
griseus griseus, 554.
griseus maynardi, 555.
olivaceus, 555.
solitarius alticola, 555.
solitarius solitarius, 5565.
Vireonidae, 554.
virescens, Butorides virescens, 533.
Empidonax, 543.
virginiana, Prunus, 395.
virginianus, Colinus virginianus, 535.
virgula, Ectenurus, 142.
viridis, Argulus, 468.
Orasema, 439, 451, 452, 454, 456, 457_
viteana, Polychrosis, 340, 353.
vitellosum, Distomum, 67, 74, 75, 83.
vitellosus, Cymbephallus, 62, 75.
vitreum, Stizostedion, 159, 480.
vitripennis, Marthamea, 177.
vittata, Chrysopa, 187.
Smicra, 3801, 303.
Spilochalecis, 301.
vivipara, Distoma, 45.
Viviparus, Zoogonoides, 45.
vociferus, Antrostomus vociferus, 587.
Oxyechus vociferus, 536.
volitans, Exocoetus, 167.
vulgaris, Sturnus vulgaris, 554.
Vulture, black, 533.
eastern turkey, 533.
waikiki, Apogonichthys, 411.
Warbler, bay-breasted, 559.
black and white, 556.
Blackburnian, 558.
black-poll, 559.
black-throated blue, 557.
black-throated green, 557.
Cairn’s, 557.
Canada, 561.
cerulean, 558.
chestnut-sided, 558.
eastern yellow, 557.
hooded, 561.
Kentucky, 560.
myrtle, 557.
Nashville, 556.
northern parula, 557.
northern pine, 559.
northern prairie, 559.
prothonotary, 556.
sycamore, 558.
Tennessee, 556.
western palm, 559.
Wilson’s, 561.
worm-eating. 556.
vellow-throated, 558.
INDEX
wardi, Ardea herodias, 532.
Wasmannia auropunctata, 447.
waterhousei, Vincentia, 410.
Water-thrush, Grinnell’s, 560.
Louisiana, 560.
northern, 559.
Waxwing, cedar, 553.
Wedel, Waldo R., and Trowbridge,
Harry M., on a prehistoric roulette
from Wyandotte County, Kansas, 581.
wedlei, Didymocystis, 153.
Wedlia, 153.
bipartita, 153.
xiphiados, 154.
Wetmore, Alexander,
Kentucky, 529.
wheeleri, Orasema, 439, 452, 453, 455,
456.
Whip-poor-will, eastern, 537.
Willet, western, 5386.
Wilsonia canadensis, 561.
citrina, 561.
pusilla pusilla, 561.
Woodcock, American, 586.
woodi, Adenapogon (Scopelapogon), 408.
Woodpecker, eastern hairy, 540.
eastern red-headed, 540.
Nelson’s downy, 542.
northern downy, 541.
red-bellied, 539.
southern pileated, 539.
Woods Hole region, Mass., trematodes
from fishes, 1.
Wren, Bewick’s, 549.
Carolina, 549.
eastern winter, 549.
long-billed marsh, 549.
on the birds of
Wren, Ohio house, SAS,
prairie marsh, 549.
short-billed marsh, 550.
western house, 548.
Wyandotte County, Kans., prehistoric
roulette from, 581.
zantha, Spilochalcis, 308, 320.
xanthodes, Protohermes, 181.
Xanthomelanus, 242, 243.
xanthostigma, Spilochalcis, 246, 247
(fig.), 264, 277 (fig.), 307, 308, 329
(hie) sol
xanthurus, Leiostomus, 76, 97.
Xenodistomum melanocystis, 107.
Xiphiados, Koellikeria, 154.
Wedlia, 154.
Xiphias gladius, 7, 8, 10, 110, 111, 112,
154.
Xystramia, 409.
Yarica, 410.
Yellow-throat, northern, 560.
yiui, Acroneuria, 175.
Yponomeutidae, 338, 341, 353.
Zelleria haimbachi, 341, 353.
Zenaidura macroura carolinensis, 536.
zonata, Seriola, 112, 120, 121, 152.
zonatus, Cheilodipterus, 408.
Desmoamia, 414, 415 (fig.).
Phytodietus, 366.
Zonotrichia albicollis, 572.
leucophrys leucophrys, 572.
Zoogonidae, 44.
Zoogoninae, 45.
Zoogonoides, 45.
laevis, 45.
viviparus, 45.
Zoramia, 410.
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