a base i Nasi id . " AF i be ¥ yr TAM ‘¢ ; aa i bei f tao Raye. a ial 74 Mi pea tise Gn ee By eal Bes ie 5 SW Ab ae ee 4) holt oe ‘ee | Si SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 92 aEINGaSS Se _psolan NSit; 100. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 92 PLATE 4 Uf? 7 Yop OS (eS La ee vast LY LLG APE = ~ gy A] 2] }. Freda meteorite: Kamacite with inclusions of phosphide eutectic. Picral etching. x 500. nN 2 eS . 2. Eutectic inclusions. Sodium picrate darkens the phosphide inclusions. Clear areas are rejected iron droplets. > 250. THE FREDA METEORITE—-HENDERSON AND PERRY 23 Plate 2, figure 2, displays the fusion crust and its invasion into the meteorite. Plate 3, figure 1, shows the kamacite bodies at moderate magnifica- tion and very lightly etched. There is a trace of octahedral orienta- tion, and in place of the narrow taenite borders usually seen around needles of kamacite in nickel-rich ataxites there is a wider zone. Plate 3, figure 2, illustrates the invasion of oxide into particles of kamacite, which contains phosphide inclusions. Plate 4, figure 1, shows martensiticlike structures with a kamacite body containing two rounded inclusions of iron-phosphide eutectic. The eutectic contains minute clear droplets of rejected iron. Plate 4, figure 2, is lightly etched with picral solution and then sodium picrate, which blackens the phosphide inclusions. These in- clusions, formed by absorption of iron from the surrounding mass, on cooling rejected the excess of iron above the iron-phosphide eutectic ratio, which formed minute clear droplets. Some phosphide also appears distributed in the kamacite. Classification—The Freda meteorite belongs to the nickel-rich ataxite group, there being only four meteorites now known with higher nickel percentages. In table 1 these end members of the nickel- rich ataxite group are arranged in order of their increasing nickel content. There are reasons to suspect that the nickel contents of the four meteorites richer in nickel than the Freda specimen may not be accurately determined. The old analyses are given for qualitative comparison. However, there is sufficient unpublished metallographic evidence on file to show that the Freda has a metallographic structure similar to the four meteorites that probably have higher nickel contents. ; Miu a aiprei Sigal” if Steet teh, ‘ heaiey A datas Abel int bath ett et im | i (ens ikem GAMRi'y ts wat pee si x!) lind ‘aed, PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued (a SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 92 Washington : 1942 No. 3135 SOME CESTODES FROM FLORIDA SHARKS By Asa C. CHANDLER Tue four cestode worms herein reported were collected by Stewart Springer, of the Zoological Research Supply Co., from sharks taken off the Gulf coast of Florida near Englewood. Two of them— Dasyrhynchus insigne and Nybelinia palliata—have previously been reported from the same or related hosts at Woods Hole, Mass.; Diploétobothrium springeri represents a new genus and species and is the second tetrarhynchidean known with double sets of reproductive organs; and the other, Thysanocephalum rugosum,' is a new species from the same host as 7. thysanocephalum. Genus THYSANOCEPHALUM Linton THYSANOCEPHALUM RUGOSUM, new species Figure 2, a-d Two specimens of this worm were obtained from the spiral valve of a tiger shark, Galeocerdo arcticus; one had a total length of 48 cm. and had mature but not ripe segments at its end, while the other was only 14 cm. long and showed no evidence of segmentation. Neither specimen showed any trace of the true scolex such as occurs in the other species of Thysanocephalum, but the general character of the worm, the structure of the pseudoscolex, and the anatomy of the mature segments leave no doubt concerning the close affinity of this worm with members of the genus Thysanocephalum. It can only be conjectured that the true scolex has been lost or atrophied in these specimens. 423980—42 25 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 Specific description.—Pseudoscolex very highly developed, and complexly crinkled as in old specimens of TJ. thysanocephalum, but larger than in that species, measuring 2.8 to 4.2 mm. across. Neck 2 to 3.3 mm. broad at junction with pseudoscolex, narrowing rapidly to a diameter of 1.4 to 1.7 mm. less than a centimeter from the head. This diameter is uniformly maintained for a long distance but gradually increases again to a diameter of about 3 mm., which is maintained throughout most of the length of the worm. Total length of longest strobila 48 cm. Cuticle of entire strobila marked by chitinous reticulations about 5yu to 7y thick, enclosing irregular spaces 50u to 120u across and giving a peculiar and very characteristic scaly appearance. Apparently three pairs of longitudinal excretory ducts are present: A very broad ventral one accompanied by a narrow dorsal one, dividing the segment transversely about 1:2:1, and an additional pair of fairly broad outer ducts much nearer the margins. Segmentation begins between 15 and 20 cm. from head. At 25 cm. the segments are 0.2 to 0.25 mm. long; at 40 cm., 0.7 mm. long; and at 45 cm., 1.5 mm. long. No ripe segments present. Genital pores irregularly alternate, majority opening at left, situated a little behind middle of lateral margin. Cirrus sac very long (1.3 mm.) and in oldest segments 450 broad, curving forward. Vas deferens much coiled, especially after leaving cirrus pouch, where the coils occupy the area bounded by the cirrus pouch, anterior loop of vagina, and uterus. Testes very numerous, about 60u to 80u in diameter, occupying practically all available space between the outer excretory ducts. Vagina les just anterior to cirrus pouch, with its mouth just in front of the opening of the pouch. Its distal por- tion is enlarged with thickened walls, narrowing to a thin-walled tube just inside the inner excretory ducts; it makes a broad curve forward and then continues sinuously along the midline toward the posterior end of the segment. Here it has several loops, surrounded by Mehlis’s gland. The ovaries extend across the posterior part of the segment between the outer excretory ducts, each one about 900yu broad and 300u anteroposteriorly. The uterus runs forward dorsal to the vagina on the median line; it develops into a series of kinks, which Ficure 2.—New Cestropes From FL oripa SHARKS. a-d. Thysanocephalum rugosum, new species: a, Pseudoscolex; 6, portion of pseudoscolex much enlarged, showing thickened crinkled edges; c, mature segment about 45 cm. from head, cuticle and layer of yolk glands stripped off; d, younger segment about 30 cm. from head. e-1. Diplodtobothrium springeri, new genus and species: e, Scolex; f, mature segment about 28 cm. from head, cuticle and layer of yolk glands stripped off; g, ripe segment about 40 cm. from head, cuticle and layer of yolk glands stripped off; h, portion of proboscis indicated by “A” on fig. 2, from opposite side; 1, partially everted pro- boscis, shaded part indicating invaginated portion. ) f CESTODES FROM FLORIDA SHARKS—CHANDLER ca ‘ ‘ \ ‘ ' t ' ' ‘ ' ' Figure 2.—(For explanation see opposite page.) 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 eventually appear as a series of pouches. The vitelline glands are very numerous at the sides, and probably cover the dorsal and ventral faces of the segments, though in the segments prepared for study they were peeled off to make the deeper-lying organs visible. Host.—Galeocerdo arcticus (Faber). Location.—Spiral valve. Type specimen.—U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 36785. Remarks.—Although strikingly similar to Thysanocephalum thysano- cephalum (Linton, 1889), this species differs in general size and shape, proportions of segments, and particularly in the reticulations of the cuticle. ei DIPLOOTOBOTHRIUM, new genus Generic diagnosis.—Bothria two, provided with ciliated pits lat- erally. Proboscides shorter than their sheaths, armed with diagonal rows of strong, recurved hooks, changing to small, irregularly arranged hooklets on inner side. Contractile bulbs elongate, the retractor muscles attached near their upper ends; strobila long, connected with scolex by unsegmented neck. Reproductive organs completely doubled. Type.—Diploétobothrium springeri, new species. DIPLOOTOBOTHRIUM SPRINGERI, new species FIGuRE 2, e-2 Specific description.—Scolex very broad and flat and very long (18 mm.). Bothria about 3 mm. long and 3.6 mm. broad. Width of head behind bothria 3.35 mm., nearly uniform for entire length. Proboscis sheaths in broad spirals, about five times as long as the bothria. Contractile bulbs about 3.5 mm. long and 0.47 mm. broad, the retractor muscles attached near the upper end. Proboscides about 2.5 mm. long and about 0.3 to 0.85 mm. broad exclusive of the books, 0.52 mm. broad including them. Hooks arranged in diagonal rows of 9 or 10 large, recurved, rose-thorn-shaped hooks, extending about two-thirds to three-fourths the distance around proboscis, the intervening area being occupied by small hooks more or less irregularly arranged; some of the small hooks near the base are only moderately curved and lack large bases. Largest hooks about 125y long, with a base of similar length; smallest hooks only about 20u long. Junction with strobila craspedote. Total length about 48 cm. Faint striations, indicating the beginning of segmentation, first visible about 4 mm. behind scolex. Mature segments, 20 to 30 cm. behind head, about 6 to 7 mm. broad and 3.75 to 4.75 mm. long. Terminal ripe segments about 5 to 6 mm. broad and 8 mm. long. Genital atria situated about middle of margin of segment in mature proglottids, posterior to middle in ripe ones. Paired ovaries and CESTODES FROM FLORIDA SHARKS—CHANDLER 29 Ficure 3.—DasyRHYNCHUS INSIGNE (Linton). a, Portion of proboscis about 0.6 mm. from base; b, same, opposite side, hooks numbered 1 and 2 corresponding to similarly numbered hooks in fig. a; c, base of proboscis (re- mainder invaginated); d, scolex and anterior part of body (“X” indicates end of invaginated part of proboscis); ¢, mature segment 9 cm. from head, cuticle and layer of yolk glands stripped off. 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 Mebhlis’s gland grouped on each side, the complex about 1.4 to 1.5 mm. across, the midline of each about midway between margin of proglottid and median line of proglottid. Each ovary about 630z to 700u in diameter; Mehlis’s gland about 500u long and 350y broad. Uterine stems in mature proglottids curve slightly inward; mature uteri barely touch at median line, and together occupy about three- fifths of width of segment. Cirrus sac about 1 mm. long and 560z broad; everted cirrus 700u long and 220y broad. Eggs in the uterus are about 75y long. Host.—Platysqualus tudes (Cuvier). Location.—Spiral valve. Type specomen.—U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 36784. Remarks.-—The only other Tetrarhynchidea in which double sets of reproductive organs have been described are members of the genus Dibothriorhynchus, but the present worm certainly does not belong in that genus. Up to the present time all species of tetra- rhynchideans having ciliated pits on the bothria have been placed in Linton’s genus Otobothrium, but there is a very considerable variation in the proportions of the parts of the head and in the armature of the proboscides, and it may be that several genera will bave to be recog- nized when the adults are known. Otobothrium robustum Chandler, 1935b, shows distinct affinity with the present species in the robust proportions of the head and in the armature of the proboscides, but it differs greatly in the distance between the bothria and the contractile bulbs and in the area on the proboscis occupied by small hooks. It is quite possible that O. robustum may prove to be a Diploétobothrium, but it may best be left where it is until the adult is known. Genus DASYRHYNCHUS Pintner DASYRHYNCHUS INSIGNE (Linton, 1924) FIGurReE 3 A worm obtained from the spiral valve of Carcharias platyodon (Poey) is assigned to this species. It agrees very closely with Linton’s description of the worm except that in his specimens segments situated 10 cm. from the head and having a developing uterus are broader than long, whereas in my specimen proglottids 9 cm. from the head are over twice as long as broad. The contractile bulbs are longer relative to the rest of the scolex in my specimen than in Linton’s, but the coiling of the proboscis sheaths shows that the middle portion of the head is considerably contracted. There are certain features of the armature of the proboscis not evident from Linton’s figures; these are shown in my fig. 3, a-c, in order to facilitate diagnosis in the future. The worm was recorded by Linton (1924) from C. milberti and C. commersonii at Woods Hole. CESTODES FROM FLORIDA SHARKS—-CHANDLER 31 Genus NYBELINIA Poche NYBELINIA PALLIATA (Linton, 1924) This worm, designated Yetrarhynchus palliatus by Linton, was recorded by him from Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus) at Woods Hole. My specimen comes from the same host. NOTES ON TETRARHYNCHIDEAN LARVAE I wish to take this opportunity to reallocate, generically, certain tetrarhynchidean larvae described by me (1935a), on the basis of the classification of this group as worked out by Pintner, Dollfus, et al. The species that I referred to as Gymnorhynchus gigas and G. malleus should be known as Pterobothrium filicolle (Linton, 1889) and P. malleum (Linton, 1924), respectively, since Southwell (1930) was evidently in error in considering P. filicolle synonymous with Gymnorhynchus gigas (Cuvier, 1817). The species I described as Tentacularia lepida, following Southwell’s outmoded system, should be transferred to the genus Callotetrarhynchus Pinter, 1931, and be known as Callotetrarhynchus lepidus. LITERATURE CITED CHANDLER, ASA CRAWFORD. 1935a. Parasites of fishes in Galveston Bay. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 83, pp. 123-157, 7 pls. 1935b. A new tetrarhynchid larva from Galveston Bay. Journ. Parasit., vol. 21, pp. 214-215. Linton, Epwin. 1889. Notes on Entozoa of marine fishes of New England. Rep. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1886, pp. 453-511, 6 pls. 1891. The anatomy of Thysanocephalum crispum. Rep. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1888, pp. 543-566, 5 pls. 1924. Notes on cestode parasites of sharks and skates. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 21, 111 pp., 13 pls. PINTNER, THEODOR. 1931. Wenigbekanntes und Unbekanntes von Russelbandwiirmen, II. Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat. Klasse, vol. 140, abt. 1, pp. 777-820. SOUTHWELL, THOMAS. 1930. Cestoda, vol. 1. Jn ‘‘The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma,” xxxi+391 pp., 221 figs., 1 map. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1942 { v , | , J ‘ ‘ is | » y ; ' * : fe Me wi dgh te i e roi fone agian. a nf Ps A ahh: actiennale ol aioe “artyot bin i oe . Ue mh Ne if : eye mage , ‘eat sent BY PTS aaa We H an ne ll ea PRA AM) eh a ee ies asd oneaicy iy. wimg “ii sua qhiQ oN eh uy ane Fath Dp ool 4 ct Hee Me Hs Horii Seaiea bp) » aphawetriiny «fein rollin evil “enitt ett silt “Asp gt is aie vit | tae a rel ws GR Katt Bowes ph Lote an tal aahiut itt cecbtgdag | ate Lhgt't ironteat eh hepa. Lraites or: ont query ahd to aoidngii: Patt sulk ‘24 ang Hy Mire Magi. 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NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 92 Washington: 1942 No. 3136 A NEW SPECIES OF PHYLLOPOD CRUSTACEAN FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN SHORT-GRASS PRAIRIES By J. G. Mackin Arter several years of collecting streptocephalids in the Southern Plains regions of the United States, it has become apparent that some of the specimens do not conform with descriptions of Streptocephalus teranus Packard, to which species I have previously assigned all streptocephalids not having the peculiar spinous furcae of S. seal. I have in the past considered S. texanus rather variable. The study of a large number of specimens showed clearly that an undescribed species was present and that characters of all streptocephalids of our Plains region are quite constant. I am much indebted to my wife, Dorothy Louise Mackin, for the preparation of several hundreds of slides making possible the clear distinctions. I accordingly name the new species in her honor. Technique.—Two techniques were followed in these studies. The first consists of staining specimens with acid fuchsin and dissecting and mounting as usual in Canada balsam. The other method is one worked out to aid in the study of comparatively large parts and organs of these phyliopods, such as the claspmg antennae. Specimens are stained with acid fuchsin, with a few drops of hydrochloric acid added as usual, and then are run through the alcohols to benzene. A little Canada balsam is added to the benzene, and the specimens are then dissected. In dissecting for the clasping antennae, the head is cut off and then split along the sagittal plane, so that the two claspers are separated. The benzene is then allowed to evaporate slowly. If done gradually enough, distortion is eliminated. The balsam gives 424007—42 33 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 the specimens a smooth, glossy coat. Both claspers are then stuck with glue or thick balsam on a clean slide, one showing internal view and the other external, and may be studied as opaque objects by direct lighting with an ordinary dissecting binocular. The detail to be seen by this method is considerably more than is possible with cleared mounts. The mounts can be made permanent if protected from dust by a cover glass supported on bits of cork or cork rings. Genus STREPTOCEPHALUS Baird STREPTOCEPHALUS DOROTHAE, new species Ficures 4, B; 5, B Description.i—The clasping antennae present definite characters that may be noted at a glance. The appendage is rather slender, and the first two segments are much wrinkled on the surface. The spinous processes in a row on the internal surface of the second segment are long and numerous, but this is not a reliable character. The third segment, or scissors, affords the best identification marks. The internal shorter branch bears two processes at the base on the anterior surface (fig. 4, B, at f). The shorter proximal one of these curves sharply inward (in fig. 4, B, toward the observer). The distal process is long and slender and curves around the body of the appendage and thus is partly hidden from internal view. (Compare these processes with the homologous structures in S. texanus shown in fig. 4, A, at ce.) Toward the distal end of the inner branch of the scissors, shown at d in fig. 4, B, is a swollen area, the anterior surface of which is thin- walled and apt to be wrinkled. There is no process on the posterior side as in S. texanus. (Compare with fig. 4, A, at @ of S. texanus.) One character of the external longer branch of the scissors is distinc- tive: The peculiar shape of the end of the posterior spur, which projects from near the base proximal to the “‘elbow”’ (fig. 4, B, ate). I have likened this shape of the end of the spur to a tiny foot, seen from side view, the rounded bump on the lower side being the ‘‘heel’’ and the point the ‘‘toe.”” (Compare the spur with that of S. teranus, fig. 4, A, at 6, which is in the form of a smooth-pointed blade.) After comparing hundreds of specimens of S. dorothae and texanus, I am convinced that these characters of the claspers are constant. One character of the swimming appendages may be of value: In S. dorothae the bract is serrate over the entire outer margin. In S. teranus there are only a few small spines on this margin at the proximal end, and the re- mainder is smooth. 1 In this diagnosis I have eliminated characters of generic and family rank. For instance, if there is nothing distinctive about the first antennae in peculiarities of shape, segmentation, etc., I see no necessity for noting the presence of the appendage, since it is present in all the Streptocephalidae. Thus I have omitted dis- cussion of many characters usually mentioned in descriptions of streptocephalids, hoping to focus attention on those of most value. I do not find streptocephalids difficult to identify, and I am convinced that diffi- culties experienced by others are due to confusion of species by Packard and other earlier writers. A NEW PHYLLOPOD—MACKIN 35 Ficure 4.—A, Streptocephalus texanus: Lateral view of second antennae (a, distal end of inner branch of scissors, showing posterior process; b, spur projecting from outer branch near the base proximal to the elbow, showing characteristic apex; c, the two processes at the base of the anterior surface of the internal shorter branch); B, S. dorothae: Median view of male second antennae (d, distal end of inner branch of scissors, showing swollen area; ¢, spur projecting from outer branch near the base proximal to the elbow, showing characteristic apex; f, the two processes at the base of the anterior surface of the internal shorter branch). A" B Ficure 5.—A, Streptocephalus texanus: Caudal furcae of male; B, S. dorothae: Caudal furcae of male. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSBRUM VOL. 92 The eggs of S. dorothae are about the same size as those of S. texanus, but the wrinkled envelope seems to be much thicker and more coarsely folded. I am not sure how constant this character is. The caudal furcae of the male are heavily setiferous to the end, con- trasting with the spiny distal half in S. sea/i but not differing apprecia- bly from the male fureae of S. texanus. NEBR. pee o- COLO. NEW MEXICO +o, +0 TEXAS Hf ¥ XZ oF o- wr ol Ficure 6.—Distribution of Streptocephalus texanus and S. dorothae. Records of S. texanus given by Creaser in 1930 indicated by O— and those of the author by O. Records of S. dorothae indicated by +. Three records of Creaser are not shown—one in California near the east border and two in southern Arizona. Maximum-sized specimens are about 18 mm. in length, and some specimens not more than 10 mm. long are mature. The species seems comparatively smaller than S. teranus. I have one large male of the latter species, 29 mm. in length, taken in a large sink pond in New Mexico, south of Santa Fe, and a number of specimens from a pond in A NEW PHYLLOPOD—MACKIN' 37 Pontotoc County, Okla., which attain a length of 23 mm. This is the same pond from which Creaser (1930) reported large specimens of S. seali (36.2 mm.). Localities. —The following records are placed in approximate posi- tion on the map (fig. 6). There are 14 collections of S. dorothae, all in New Mexico except 2 in the far western edge of the Texas Panhandle and 2 in the western end of the Oklahoma Panhandle. [or comparison all records of S. texanus are also shown; 27 of these are collections and identifications by the author, and the previous records as shown by Creaser (1930) are added. The greatest concentrations of S. dorothae are in the short-grass prairic, close to the Rocky Mountain foothills, while the most favorable ecological conditions for S. texanus seem to be farther east in the long-grass areas. All collections of S. dorothae have been taken in August, but this means only that collecting trips are most feasible during that month, and I have not been able to make such trips at any other time. The date plus the additional number constitutes the author’s accession number, 8-12-28+-1, 8 miles west of Summerfield, Parmer County, Tex. 8-18-36-+-3, 1 mile west of Turpin, Texas County, Okla. 8-18-36-+-4, 12 miles east of Boise City, Cimarron County, Okla, 8-19-36-+6, 2 miles west of Capulin, Union County, N. Mex. 8-19-36-+-7, 10 miles west of Capulin, Colfax County, N. Mex. 8-19-36-+-8, 10 miles southeast of Raton, Colfax County, N. Mex. 8-19-36-+-10, 3 miles south of Raton, Colfax County, N. Mex. 8-20-36+-11, 20 miles south of Santa Fe, Santa Fe County, N. Mex. (type locality). 8-20-36-4-12, 35 miles northwest of Encino, San Miguel County, N. Mex. 8-21-36-+14, 12 miles northeast of Vaughn, Guadalupe County, N. Mex. 8-21-36-+-15, 100 meters east of New Mexico-Texas line, on Highway 66, Deaf Smith County, Tex. 8-27-38+-3, 10 miles east of Raton, Colfax County, N. Mex. 8-27-38 +-1, 20 miles east of Colfax, Colfax County, N. Mex. 8-27-38+-2, 5 miles southeast of Raton, Colfax County, N. Mex. Remarks.—Not much is known concerning the ecology of the species of Streptocephalus. All North American species prefer clear water with abundant vegetation, and the largest populations occur in such habi- tats, although all three species are tolerant of high turbidities and limited food supply. All collections are from temporary ponds, or, in some cases, the large prairie “lakes’’ with widely fluctuating water level. I have on two occasions collected S. dorothae and S. texanus in the same pond at the same time. Both of these were collections from near Raton, N. Mex. (8-19-36+-8 and 8-27-38-+-3). Characters of S. texanus have been shown in contrast with S. dorothae in the text of the description and in figures 4 and 5. The species are undoubtedly closely related. Cotypes.—In. the collection of the U. S. National Museum (No. 79019) and in the collection of the author. 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 | PACKARD’S DESCRIPTIONS OF STREPTOCEPHALUS TEXANUS From a thorough study of the original and subsequent descriptions of S. texanus it becomes clear that Packard confused specimens of S. seali with his new species. The original description (1871) is vague, but the fact that he compared it with S. similis Baird, 1854, and stated its close kinship to this species shows that he must | have had some specimens of S. seali. This is borne out by the fact that the figure 13 published with his short notice of S. texanus in 1874 is certainly a figure of S. seal. It is a rather crude drawing, but characters of the furecae and clasping antennae indicate S. seali rather clearly. In 1877 Packard described S. watsonz, using specimens from Ellis, Kans. (U.S. N. M. No. 58808). Subsequently he declared this species a synonym of S. texanus (1883) and repeated the descrip- tion as a part of a redescription of S. teranus. Since this last descrip- tion seems to be free from confusion with S. seali and is accompanied | by good figures, our conception of S. texanus should be based on this | one, and the original used for the sake of establishing priority alone. Incidentally, the cotypes of S. watsoni, in the absence of types of S. texanus, become the real basis for the latter species. Through the courtesy of the U. S. National Museum I have examined these specimens and thereby verified my own identifications. KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STRETOCEPHALUS (Modified from Creaser, 1930, to include S. dorothae) 1. Male caudal furcae with setae along basal portion and heavy, curved spines distally: - 2 aot Se eye ae Ud fe se een ee eee 2 Male caudal furcae setiferous along CpITe MOART OU oe a ee ep eae ee eee 3 2. Inner shorter branch of male clasping antennae with 2 processes on anterior Niarpin: near proximal eng). 22 As fe fe ee baer ees seali Ryder Inner shorter branch of male clasping antennae with 3 processes on anterior MATIN wear’ Proximal CNG 22 —e ee B ete similis Baird 3. Inner branch of male clasping antennae with a process on posterolateral margin near distal end; posterior spur of the longer outer branch blade-shaped. texanus Packard Inner branch of male clasping preenrne without a process near distal end; posterior spur of the longer outer branch shaped like a miniature foot at URLS CDG oe, Sheet ee 2 ees re nae ee har Oe Ce nee dorothae, new species LITERATURE CITED CrEASER, Epwin PHILLIP. 1930. The North American phyllopods of the genus Sireptocephalus. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 217, 10 pp. PackarpD, ALPHEUS SPRING, Jr. 1871. Preliminary notice of North American Phyllopoda. Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, ser. 3, vol. 2, pp. 108-113. 1874. Synopsis of the fresh-water phyllopod Crustacea of North America. Ann. Rep. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. for 1873, pp. 613-622. 1877. Descriptions of new phyllopod Crustacea from the West. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 3, pp. 171-185. 1883. A monograph of the phyllopod Crustacea of North America, with remarks on the order Phyllocarida. Ann. Rep. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. for 1878, pt. 1, pp. 295-592. 39 1, S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941 : Han fi ay iy Cabell fae. ; ‘ny a a ae Ee: « beeing Seat ie Ae Anite Hi ’ hed ye nls Bahri «Fike Ye MT? 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Ass ail Bs “COE sag 8 dow ty: iecaprngraeie Atay oe Pir a oie ee high EL ~~. = hl ABT EVE gg & toe tae iti a ee ‘mike pup iA ROM ta ranglget) bogoll “ecleg. ‘ovtt: Yo £ nao ROME ond) [oag)’ a aie NS Saltraaellt?. sabre! Whpsa? vin iets wh “ a4 we Te ny SRd- ea it wig BY8hank arene #6 OG ale Le, Sl ‘i Dass a : iG Aud afal ree » | % yy) Seti’ ' = : . ee diy it ‘oo: r ( Afaeel my ere i ee | ie : Re An vii’ @. 4A ppt g, Teak po OD ote TOURS Wi Hs ho iadient pein! plit pone pee ehh, jeans Ae et vantely at eiple, pie x4) ig sae Pale aH 7 of vi ace 1 Rh eves Aes wae ae rads, ee a ree dint be avo NP gy ale ashanti th34 ere i als SMT ote kv 4 a Cot vii rt mart “bi er Cin tyvit my - th por Ps af es 5 ee wie ty ahndla- “i iN (ah ; 4 pare } : at re a TR Leb Meath, 1° ae yatsdo z nee 3 UO elie AS, “aE an, A en) © be 4G my Pa *Y “aba a a bis ae oo Bp ates ES ih Ore a heron oe i seat Abed 1 Oe Pook al x = ; “eeobhaad a {ni vasa neni iesHlanen ce |, PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM my 3 4tWwilTHsot HingTor® SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 92 Washington: 1942 No. 3137 DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES OF CHALCIDOI- DEA, WITH NOTES ON A FEW DESCRIBED SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA) By A. B. Gawan Tuis paper contains descriptions of three new species of Brachy- meria (one from Panama, one from Mexico, and one from Java), a new species of Blepyrus from Louisiana, and a new species of Ooencyr- tus from Wyoming. All are described from reared material. The host record for the Ooencyrtus is especially interesting, since the species is parasitic in eggs of the Mormon cricket. Synonymical and distributional notes for a few described species also are included. Family CHALCIDIDAE Genus BRACHYMERIA Westwood BRACHYMERIA JAMBOLANA, new species Tumidicoxoides jambolana (Girault, MS.) RAMAKRISHNA AYyAR, Proc. 3d Ent. meeting Pusa, p. 328, 1919 (1920). Tumidicoxoides n. sp. (Girault) RAMAKRISHNA Ayyar, Spolia Zeylanica, vol. 18, part 2, p. 254, 1925. T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyar published the Girault manuscript name Tumidicouoides jambolana without description, listing the species as a parasite of Carea subtilis at Coimbatore, India. Subsequently he republished the parasite record, this time listing the parasite as Tumidicoxoides n. sp. Girault. So far as known the name has never been validated. The specimens that formed the basis for the Girault manuscript name are in the United States National Museum and represent part of the material used for the present description. The genus Tumidicowoides was reduced to synonymy with Chalcis by 423982—42 41 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 Girault,' but Chalcis of authors (not Fabricius), as now recognized, is Brachymeria Westwood, and it is in that genus that the species belongs. Female.—Length 4.25 mm. Very similar to Brachymeria euploeae Westwood but differing by being somewhat smaller, by the lateral ocelli being approximately their own diameter from the eye margins, by the flagellar joints, except the first, all being slightly broader than long, by lacking entirely the tubercle on the inner ventral margin of the hind coxa, and by having the fore and middle tibiae immaculate yellow. Also very similar to albotibalis Ashmead from which it dif- fers by having the tooth nearest the base of posterior femur smaller or at least no larger than some of the other teeth, by having the punc- tures on mesoscutum and scutellum more narrowly separated, by hav- ing the pits on hypopygium somewhat smaller and more numerous, by having the flagellar joints very slightly shorter, and by having the blackish band at base of posterior tibia shorter, this band usually embracing only about one-sixth the length of tibia. Postorbital branch of the genal carina present and well developed; punctures of thoracic dorsum coarse and contiguous; apex of scutel- lum with the plate weakly emarginate medially; propodeum coarsely, irregularly rugose; abdomen subacute, ovate; first dorsal segment of gaster smooth and nearly bare dorsally but with the dorsolateral angles conspictiously hairy; following segments weakly shagreened with one or more conspicuous rows of hairs extending clear across the dorsum, the penultimate segment with moderately strong pits in addition to the shagreening; hind femur with rather weak, fine punctures, more or less shining, its ventral margin with 10 to 12 blunt teeth, the 3 teeth nearest base usually shorter than the others; postmarginal vein fully twice as long as stigmal vein. Black; flagellum dark brown or black; palpi, tegulae, apical half of anterior femur, apical one-third of median femur, a large spot at apex of hind femur, anterior and median tibiae entirely, and all tarsi yellow; hind tibia yellow, with a narrow black or blackish band at extreme base and the carina along the margin black. Wings hyaline; marginal and stigmal veins dark. Hairs clothing the body grayish white and densest on front of head. Male—Unknown. Type locality —Coimbatore, India. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 20898. Remarks—The type and two paratypes, according to the labeling, were reared at Coimbatore, India, June 1, 1916, from a moth infesting “Jambolana.” Since these specimens are the original Girault manu- script types, they are undoubtedly the specimens upon which Ayyar’s 1Ins. Inscit. Menstr., vol. 14, p. 66, 1926. NEW CHALCIDOIDEA—GAHAN 43 record, cited in the synonymy, was based. According to this note the host was Carea subtilis (Walker) infesting Hugenia jambolana. Two additional paratypes from Coimbatore are labeled “Par. on Danais, 14-II, 1913, Ponniah coll.” Six paratypes are from Buitenzorg, Java, reared in March 1932 from pupae of Papilio agamemnon Linnaeus, and six others from the same locality were reared from a lepidopterous pupa en Ficus ampelas, April 1, 1935, by Dr. Muller. Four paratypes (two of which were returned to the sender) were received in 1939 from C. J. H. Franssen, of the Institute for Plant Diseases, Buitenzorg, Java, reared in June 1936 from Papilio aga- memnon by R. Awibowo. Five additional paratypes from Padang, Sumatra, were reared from P. agamemnon and received in 1918 from S. Leefmans. BRACHYMERIA DISCRETA, new species This species differs from all the previously described species of Brachymeria known to me by having on the dorsum of the scutellum a conspicuous, smocth, impunctate area that is slightly elevated and rounded posteriorly and terminates rather abruptly a little behind the middle of the scuteilum. The species superficially resembles B. jonscolombet Dufour but may be distinguished by the longer and slenderer antenna, by the much shorter teeth on the hind femur, by the broadly arcuate emargination of the second segment of the gaster, by the conspicuous smooth area on the scutellum, and by the somewhat differently colored legs. Female —Length 4.75 mm. Antennae inserted on a line with lower extremities of eyes; scape rather long; flagellum moderately slender, nearly the same thickness throughout most of its length, the two apical joints of club tapered to a blunt point; first funicular joint about twice as long as broad, second and third funicular joints a little longer than broad, fourth to seventh joints quadrate or nearly so; club very slightly longer than the two preceding joints. Ocell- ocular line distinctly a little more than half the longest diameter of a lateral ocellus. Head rugosely sculptured, the rugosity some- what coarser laterad of the upper half of scrobe than elsewhere; post- orbital branch of genal carina present and complete; malar space less than half the eye height. Thorax punctate, the punctures on prescutum distinctly larger than those on scapulae; punctures on scutellum similar to those on posterior part of prescutum; carinate plate at apex of scutellum narrow and not emarginate; propodeum irregularly rugose, without well defined carinately bounded areas except adjacent to the spiracles; mesopleuron with femoral depres- sion strongly transversely striated. Forewing with postmarginal vein about one-fourth as long as marginal; stigmal vein completely sessile and hardly half as long as postmarginal. Posterior femur nearly twice as long as broad, its outer surface closely punctate, its ventral 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 margin with about 9 or 10 unusually short, blunt, subequal teeth and with a slight tubercle on inner ventral margin. Abdomen pointed- ovate, about as long as head and thorax; first tergite perfectly smooth and bare except for a few hairs on dorsolateral margins, posterior margin straight; second tergite hairy and weakly shagreened dorso- laterally, polished and bare on middle of dorsum and on ventral half of lateral aspect, its posterior margin not straight but broadly arcu- ately emarginate medially; sides of third, fourth, and fifth tergites entirely sculptured and hairy, their dorsums more weakly sculptured and each with one more or less complete transverse row of hairs; posterior margin of third tergite very slightly, arcuately emarginate medially, that of fourth and fifth not emarginate; sixth tergite com- pletely hairy and finely shagreened and with numerous shallow, in- distinct punctures or pits; seventh tergite about as long as sixth, finely shagreened and hairy ; ovipositor sheath barely extending beyond apex of seventh tergite. General color black; scape reddish testaceous beneath, black or blackish above; pedicel and flagellum black; tegulae yellow; wings hyaline, venation dark brown; anterior and middle coxae black, pos- terior pair black outwardly but usually testaceous on inner side; femora varying from brownish testaceous to mostly black, with a pale- yellow spot at apex of each; tibiae likewise varying from brownish testaceous to black, the anterior and middle pairs yellowish at bases and apices and the posterior pair with a yellow spot on posterior face of each some distance behind the base and another at extreme apex; tarsi testaceous; abdominal sternites more or less testaceous. Male—Length 3.3 mm. Agreeing with the description of female except that the raised area on scutellum is less conspicuous, being smaller and not polished but very finely sculptured, the abdomen is about as long as thorax, the second tergite is not distinctly arcuately emarginate, the hind coxae are entirely black, and the sternites are black. The antennal flagella are missing from the only male specimen available; the scape is like that of the female. Type locality—Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 55149. Remarks—Described from six females and one male received from Phi] Rau under his note Nos. 1431 and 1436 and said to have been reared from nests of Polistes instabilis Saussure collected in the type locality, the parasites having emerged at Kirkwood, Mo., May 7 to 14, 1939. BRACHYMERIA DISCRETOIDEA, new species This is very similar to d7sereta but, so far as may be judged by the material at hand, seems to be sufficiently distinct to justify description as a different species. NEW CHALCIDOIDEA—GAHAN 45 Female and male.—Both sexes differ from discreta in the follow- ing particulars: The ocellocular line is less than half as long as the longest diameter of a lateral ocellus. The vertex is a little less strongly sculptured and when viewed from directly above seems to have a low but distinct ridge originating at the dorsal margin of the median ocellus and running laterad in front of each lateral ocellus nearly to the eye margin, where it curves downward along the inner orbit. (No such ridge is apparent in discreta.) The slightly ele- vated area is present on the scutellum but in this species is very finely sculptured. The femoral depression on the mesopleuron is not trans- versely striated but smooth. The propodeum is divided by coarse carinae or rugae into about 25 more or less distinct areas, the median one of which is ovate or elliptical in shape and extends from the base to the apex of the propodeum, while the others are irregular in shape and roughly arranged in series of three between the base and the apex of the propodeum. The stigmal vein is not completely sessile but very shortly petiolate. The color is very similar to that of discreta. Anterior coxae black, middle pair almost entirely, and posterior pair beneath reddish testaceous; trochanters testaceous; anterior and middle femora blackish with their apices pale yellowish; hind femur mostly black with the base broadly testaceous and a large pale-yellow spot at apex; anterior and middle tibiae yellow at bases and apices, dark testaceous to blackish in the middle; posterior tibia black at extreme base, with a large yellow spot near base and another at apex, the rest reddish testaceous; tarsi testaceous; forewings very faintly tinged with fuscous; abdomen of female reddish beneath, of male entirely black. In all other respects agreeing with description of discreta. Type locality —¥ rijoles, Panama Canal Zone. Type.—uvU.S.N.M. No. 55150. Remarks.—Described from 15 females and 13 males reared in De- cember 1923 by Wheeler and Zetek under Zetek No. 2352 from a nest of T'rigona amalthea (Olivier), which was infested by an unidentified moth. Family PTEROMALIDAE Genus DIBRACHYS Foerster DIBRACHYS CAVUS (Walker) Pteromalus cavus WALKER, Ent. Mag., vol. 2, p. 477, 18385. Dibrachys cavus (Walker) Kurpsumov, Rev. Russe Ent., vol. 13, p. 11, 1913.— GAHAN, Proe. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol, 30, p. 211, 1938. Trichomalus trujilloi BLANCHARD, Rey. Chilean Hist. Nat., vol. 41, p. 178, 1937 (1938). (New synonymy.) To the already long list of synonyms of this widely distributed species, as set forth by Kurdjumov in 1913 and amplified by Gahan in 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 1938, apparently should be added 77vichomalus trujillot Blanchard. Blanchaed described trujiiloi as a parasite of the oriental fruit moth in Uruguay. H. L. Parker recently sent to the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine specimens that he stated were bred from this moth at Montevideo, Uruguay, by Mesa Carrion, and that had been identified as Trichomalus trujillot by Blanchard. Parker recognized the Uru- guayan parasite as probably Dibrachys cavus and requested that they be compared with material of that species in Washington. So far as T can see these specimens do not differ in any respect from Dibrachys cavus, and since they also agree perfectly with the description of Trichomalus trujilloi I have no hesitation in declaring the latter name a synonym. Genus HYPSICAMARA Foerster HYPSICAMARA LACHNI (Ashmead), new combination Pachycrepis lachni ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 14, p. 193, 1887. The types of Pachycrepis lachni Ashmead, which are in the United States National Museum collection, do not have complete parapsidal grooves and therefore do not belong in the genus Pachycrepis. The parapsidal grooves are present only on the anterior one-half of the mesonotum. In this respect, as well as in all other generic characters, this species seems to agree with Hypsicamara Foerster as represented by H. ratzeburgi, the genotype, of which I have seen specimens in the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, Austria, identified by Gustav Mayr. Hypsicamara is very similar to Pachyneuron Walker, differing only by having a slightly longer and slenderer arena vein, idle although distinctly thick ened, is nearly uniform in width throughout its whole length, and by havi ing the abdemen in both sexes sub- cylindrical and distinctly narrower than the thorax. The genus may have to be synonymized with Pachyneuron eventually. Ashmead’s types of Hypsicamara lachni were reared from a pine aphid (Lachnus australis Ashmead) at Jacksonville, Fla. I have recently identified as H. lachni the following material re- ceived from Clyde F. Smith, of Ohio State University, and reared by him in connection with an investigation of the parasites of various aphids: 3 specimens reared from aphids on Pinus virginiana collected in Hocking County, Ohio, June 26, 1938; 19 specimens from aphids on Salix, Columbus, Ohio, June 19 and July 7, 1938; 5 specimens from an unidentified host collected at Mink Creek, Idaho, July 18, 1937; and 6 specimens taken at Beaver Creek, Utah, July 25, 1937. Still more recently 6 specimens of what appears to be the same species were received through O. Peck, reared July 1, 1932, from aphids on Abies balsamea, taken at Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, by R. E. Balch. NEW CHALCIDOIDEA—GAHAN 47 Family APHELINIDAE Genus ABLERUS Howard ABLERUS PERSPECIOSUS Girault Ablerus perspeciosus Girautt, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 9, p. 292, 1916. zotus silvestrii CoMPERE, Univ. California Publ. Ent., vol. 4, p. 9, 1926. (New synonymy. ) The types of Ablerus perspeciosus Girault and Azotus sévestrii Compere in the United States National Museum collection have been compared and found to agree completely. A. perspeciosus was de- scribed from specimens reared from Diaspis pentagona Targioni taken at Nishigahara, Japan, and A. silvestrii from specimens supposedly reared from Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus) taken at Shanghai, China. Two specimens, determined by Girault as Ablerus perspiciosus, are in the United States National Museum collection, reared from Deaspis pentagona at Washington, D. C., in October 1918 by R. A. Cushman. One specimen, also now in the National Museum collection, was re- cently received from W. J. Schoene, ef the Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station at Blacksburg, Va., who stated that it had been reared from D. pentagona but did not indicate the exact locality where the scale was taken. Family ENCYRTIDAE Genus BLEPYRUS Howard BLEPYRUS SACCHARICOLA, new species This species differs from typical Blepyrus mm some respects. The frons is distinctly narrower than in B, insularis (Cameron), the ocellar triangle is acute, and the sculpture of the mesoscutum and scutellum is distinctly finer and more granulose. In other respects the female differs only slightly from insularis. The antenna of the male, how- ever, is quite unlike that described for insularis by Timberlake.? Ac- cording to Timberlake the funicle in the male of insularis has only three joints and the club is very greatly enlarged and solid. In the present species the male antenna has six distinct funicular joints and a club that is only slightly thicker than the last funicular joint, sub- cylindrical, obliquely truncate at apex, and distinctly 3-jointed. The male antenna somewhat resembles that in Zarhopalus, but the vena- tion is different, and the scape of the female is not distinctly expanded. The species is also similar to Huryrhopalus in many respects but differs in the shape of the head, in the longer marginal vein, and in the antenna of the male. 2 Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 5, p. 171, 1922. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 Female.—Length 2 mm. Head menisciform, as wide as thorax; frons narrow, the frontovertex approximately four times as long as broad, narrowest at front ocellus, expanding slightly below this point, and sharply expanded above the lateral ocelli; ocellar triangle acute; anterior ocellus about its own diameter from eye margins; lateral ocelli less than their own diameter from eyes; eyes large and conspic- uously hairy; surface of frons with small, close, shallow punctures none of which are distinctly umbilicate; face and cheeks very finely reticulate-punctate, the sculpture somewhat finer than that of frons; scrobes subtriangular, not deep; malar space equal to approximately one-third eye height; head, in lateral view, moderately thin, rounded in front, frons not prominent. Antennae inserted at clypeus; scape subcyiindrical, very slightly broadened medially, not nearly reaching to front ocellus; pedicel a little more than twice as long as broad; funicle six-jointed, all the joints transverse, and successively increasing in width from first to last; club very large, fully as long as funicle and distinctly much wider than the last funicle joint, oval, rounded at apex, and distinctly 3-jointed. Thorax short and broad, only a little longer than broad; pronotum strongly transverse, opaquely sculptured; mesoscutum fully twice as broad as long, very finely and densely reticulate punctate, subopaque, and clothed with short brownish hairs; scutellum flat, subtriangular, very finely and evenly punctate, the surface com- pletely mat and clothed with short dark-colored hairs; axillae touch- ing on median line and sculptured like scutellum; pleura finely lineo- late, slightly shining; propodeum short, nearly smooth but with faint reticulation. Forewing reaching well beyond apex of abdomen, nearly two and one-half times as long as broad, evenly ciliated basad of fenestra as well as elsewhere on disk; marginal vein about three times as long as thick, stigmal nearly twice as long as marginal, postmar- ginal distinctly longer than stigmal; hind wing reaching about to apex of abdomen, and about half as broad as forewing. Legs rather long; median tibiae a little longer and thicker than posterior tibiae ; spur of median tibia about three-fourths as long as basal joint of tarsus; median tarsus moderately thick, tapering slightly toward apex, the under side of first segment hairy but without distinct spines. Abdomen broadly sessile, about as long and as broad as thorax, sub- triangular, rounded at apex, weakly reticulated, somewhat shining; cerci located a little before the middle; ovipositor concealed. General color deep black; mesoscutum dull metallic green; scape, anterior and median tibiae apically, posterior femora apically, pos- terior tibiae entirely, and all tarsi reddish testaceous; wings hyaline, venation brownish testaceous; flagellum black. Male.—Length 1.6 mm. Antennal scape somewhat fuscous; flagel- lum clavate but not strongly so; pedicel about twice as long as broad; NEW CHALCIDOIDEA—GAHAN 49 funicle six-jointed, the joints all wider than long, successively in- creasing slightly in width and length, the sixth joint ia quite twice as wide as first and about twice as prota as long; club not quite so long as funicle, scarcely broader than last rails joint, subeylindr fle obliquely oe at apex, and very indistinctly 3-jointed. Posterior femora entirely and their tibiae for the most part blackish. Other- wise like the female. Type locality.—F ranklin, La. Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 55151. Remarks—Female holotype and three female paratypes received from J. W. Ingram and said to have been reared from Pseudococcus sp. on sugarcane taken at Franklin, La. Aliotype male reared from the same host at Thibodeaux, La., October 28, 1928, by E. K. Bynum, and one paratype female reared by the same entomologist from similar material collected at Gainesville, Fla. Genus EURYRHOPALUS Howard Huryrhopalus Howarp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. cee 1898. Synaspidia TIMBERLAKE, Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 5, p. 397, 1924. (New synonymy. ) The type of Luryrhopalus schwarzi Howard (genotype of Luryrho- palus) and paratypes of Synaspidia pretiosa Timberlake (g genotype of Synaspidia) have been compared and found to agree in all generic characters. The two species are extremely similar but may be dis- tinguished, for the present at least, by the fact that schwarz is slightly the larger, with the forewing distinctly infumated behind the mar- ginal vein, the hind wing distinctly more than half as broad as the forewing and forming a broad but distinctly acute angle at its apex, while the forewing of pretiosa is without distinct infuscation and the hind wing is not more than half the width of the forewing with its apex more rounded. Otherwise they seem to be practically in- distinguishable. Genus COENCYRTUS Ashmead OOENCYRTUS ANABRIVORUS, new species The female of this species is usually, though not always, brachyp- terous. The fully winged female appears to be a nearly typical Ooencyrtus except that the scutellum is less strongly sculptured, less convex, and less rounded at apex, while the forewing is weakly in- fuscated medially and the abdomen is a little longer and more robust than usual. The brachypterous females have the scutellum nearly flat, very faintly sculptured, and subacute posteriorly, while the wings vary in length and correspondingly in width, in some specimens barely extending to the apex of the propodeum, but in others attain- ing the middle of the abdomen. In the majority of individuals the 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 forewings extend to or a little beyond the apex of the first tergite. The males apparently are always fully winged but differ from typical Ooencyrtus by having the funicle of the antenna slightly compressed, the joints subequal, about as broad as long, narrower at base than at apex and clothed with relatively short hairs, none of which is longer than the segments. These differences do not seem sufficient to justify the erection of a new genus for the species, the habits of which agree with those of other species of Ooencyrtus. Fully winged female.—Length 1.6 mm. Head as wide as thorax, with fine, reticulate sculpture; eyes rather large, very sparsely pilose; ocelli small, forming a nearly right-angle dtriangle; ocellocular line slightly longer than diameter of lateral ocellus; width of frons equal to approximately one-third width of head; frontovertex about one and one-third times as long as broad; scrobes moderately impressed, rounded above; cheeks rounded; malar groove distinct but fine; mandi- bles each with three short subequal teeth; maxillary palpus four- jointed, labial palpus 3-jointed; antennae inserted near anterior mar- gin of face; scape compressed, about four times as long as broad, broad- est medially; pedicel subcylindrical, nearly three times as long as broad, about equal in length to first and second funicular segments combined ; funicular joints cylindrical or nearly so, the first joint just a little longer than broad and slightly narrower than pedicel; second joint subequal to first; third to sixth joints about as long as broad, the sixth slightly thicker than the first; club cylindrical, not thicker than funicle, about as long as three preceding funicular joints combined and distinctly 8-jointed. Thorax slightly compressed dorsoventrally; mesoscutum distinctly broader than long, weakly convex, weakly re- ticulated and with numerous small, shallow hair punctures; scutellum low, nearly flat, subtriangular, subacute at apex, a little longer than mesoscutum and with similar reticulate sculpture, but with sparser and less distinct hair punctures; whole dorsum of thorax somewhat shining; propodeum short, weakly reticulately sculptured, without distinct carinae; pleura more strongly sculptured and less shining than mesoscutum. Legs normal, spur of middle tibia about two-thirds as long as first tarsal joint. Forewing extending beyond apex of abdomen, a little more than twice as long as broad; marginal vein a little longer than broad, postmarginal longer than marginal but a little shorter than stigmal, which is about twice as long as marginal; marginal cilia short; discal cilia rather dense and short; oblique hairless streak behind stigma! vein wider posteriorly than anteriorly and complete. Abdomen as long as head and thorax combined, as broad as or a little broader than thorax, rather robust, ovate, weakly reticulately sculptured; ovipositor not exserted. Black, somewhat shining; antennae entirely black; all coxae, anterior and posterior NEW CHALCIDOIDEA—GAHAN Py femora, and posterior tibiae at base black, or blackish; middle femora more or less testaceous mixed with blackish; rest of legs testaceous; forewing weakly infuscated from base to a little beyond middle, hyaline apically; hind wing hyaline. Brachypterous female.—Like the fully winged female except for the short wings and the fact that the scutellum is even more flattened and more nearly acute posteriorly. Male.—tLength 1.2 mm. Apparently always with fully developed wings, the forewing without infuscation; antennal scape about like that of female; pedicel not much longer than broad and only slightly longer than first funicular joint, pale at apex; funicular joints pale at base, dark at apex, the first funicular joint slightly smaller than the others, all slightly compressed and about as long as broad at apex; club not broader than funicle and about as long as the two preceding joints combined; trochanters, knees, apices of all tibiae, and all tarsi testaceous. Otherwise agreeing with description of female. Type tocality—Big Horn Mountains, Wyo. Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 55148. Remarks.—Described from 71 specimens, all reared in December 1939 from eggs of the Mormon cricket, Anabrus simplea Haldeman, collected in the Big Horn Mountains, Wyo., by J. R. Parker and H. J. Schipmen, and consisting of 1 fully winged female (the holotype), 64 brachypterous females, and 6 males (one allotype). U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941 | Ga x aL ee . al Suey Sa atl Reese wine Aa iM Pe he ig T abliaiet " a he Bhd wi ae ye be. zs “i pee, fore enti el BRA gare Fry Hike aurea uae vs core ae ile te ui fly hidihieraay te na i fheaoe Abella Lun} pete rary ee va Ahh) wh he has highs _ 14 .' nie 7 ; ae oy ea eat. a La ma 8 Be ee wre a Laat) ews ae Ate BS it west \ oA joe. Lye” ny’ Be e,) oe on 5 is Us 7 ¢ tute F ro. a? Cin a = Y (at ria + bel Shale ae) re tae 4 | 7 malls TAN, FAG. Dip ae: eh ail. Re ; one pe bias Sith digit a A PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 4 AE INCRE G0 > hh Me) fats f Od =} VE zi Z 2n\ fon © i” f= fi Lae Sy LNs HSOX GS into SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 92 Washington : 1942 No. 31 38 A NEW STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEAN FROM THE WEST COAST OF MEXICO By Steve A. GuasseLn Trove the kindness of Capt. Fred E. Lewis, of Balboa, Calif., I received an interesting stomatopod that he collected on a recent expedition to the west coast of Mexico in his yacht, the M. S. Stranger. This crustacean proved to be a new and unusual member of the genus Squilla. In order to call attention to the peculiar eyes of this new species, I have named it Squilla oculinova: Order STOMATOPODA: Family SQUILLIDAE Genus SQUILLA Fabricius, 1787 SQUILLA OCULINOVA, new species FIGURE 7 Holotype.—Female, U. S. N. M. No. 79380, from Santiago Bay, near the port of Manzanillo, state of Colima, Mexico, 10-13 fathoms; March 24, 1939; collected by Capt. Fred E. Lewis. Diagnosis —No median carina on carapace or rostrum. Raptorial dactylus with four teeth, including the terminal one. No mandibular palp. Epipodites on first three thoracic limbs only, accessory branches of last three pairs of thoracic legs 1-jointed. On the ab- dominal segments intermediate, lateral, and marginal carinae are discernible; on fifth and sixth the intermediates are more plainly marked than on proximal somites; the sixth somite is the only one with submedian carinae. Cornea emarginate, with a scalloped an- 53 433739—42 54. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL. 92 terior border. Antennules and antennae bearing rami and geniculate spines. Antennal acicle cordate, nearly twice as long as wide. Tel- son with median and submedian carinae only. Description.—Anterior width of carapace slightly more than half the length, exclusive of rostrum. Anterolateral angles not spined. Rostrum wider than high, without carina. Carapace smooth and shining, with only a suggestion of a median carina. The cervical groove does not cross the median area, although it does interrupt the gastric groove. The cornea are subtransversely placed on their stalks; the inner margin of the stalk is shorter than the outer; on the median line the stalks and cornea are equal in length to the width of the rostrum, as is also that portion of the stalk proximal to the cornea. The distal margin of cornea is emarginate, with a median U-shaped groove, from which on either side it rises to a rounded crest, thence into a saddle or depression, and finally to a blunt rounded peak. The effect on looking at this scalloped edge from above is that the margin is beaded, owing to the protruding facets of the cornea; it does not form a distinct line when viewed from the front. The antennules are armed with geniculate spines and rami. The antennae possess rami at their distal ends. The antennal acicle is cordate, with a heavy median longitudinal vein; in the proximal half it is wider than half its length. There is no mandibular palp. The outer inferior angle of the merus of the raptorial leg is rounded; the carpus has a groove and keel above, the latter entire and terminating distally in a rounded-off right angle; the propodus is armed with the usual three spines and series of pectinations; the dactylus is armed with four teeth including the terminal one; the outer margin of the dactylus is angled posteriorly and notched just before the angulation. In all respects the raptorial leg is subsimilar to that of S. swetti Schmitt. The free thoracic somites are smooth and have carinae on the last three somites in line with the intermediates of the abdomen other than the marginals; the fifth somite has a pair of curved carinae, one on its proximal, the other on its distal anterolateral margins, al- most meeting on the median line, that of the distal margin terminat- ing in a forward-pointing spine, that of the proximal ending in a small ventral spine beneath the other; lateral margins of the sixth and seventh somites rather truncate, with rounded angles. Epipo- dites on the first three thoracic limbs only, accessory branches of the last three pairs of legs 1-jointed. * Allan Hancock Pacific Expeds., vol. 5, No. 4, p. 146, fig. 3, 1940. A NEW STOMATOPOD—GLASSELL 55 : ee Bec ect terete Ficure 7.—Squilla oculinova, new species; female holotype: a, Anterior portion of animal; b, eye; c, antennal acicle; d, telson and left uropod. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 On the abdominal somites intermediate, lateral, and marginal carinae are discernible; on the fifth and sixth the intermediates are more plainly marked than on the preceding somites; the sixth somite is the only one with submedian carinae; the carinae of this somite are all spined. : The telson is wider than long; the median carina has two spines, the proximal one the smaller, the distal one much larger, the carina ending at the median V; the submedian carinae extend from near the base of the telson onto the dorsal surface of the submedian teeth. These with the exception of the marginal are the only carinae on the telson, the surface of which is otherwise slightly punctate and shin- ing. The denticles number 7, 8-9, 1. The bifurcate process of the uropods bears 10-12 spines on its inner margin; the inner of the two projections is about twice the length of the outer; it carries a large rounded-tipped tooth on its outer margin. The submedian spines of the telson have movable tips. Color in alcohol.—Cream, with brown chromatophores more closely grouped on distal median margins of all thoracic and abdominal somites. Measurements.—Body length overall, exclusive of rostrum, 35.6; carapace length 8.1, anterior width 4.5; rostral length 1, width 1.5; lengh of telson 4, width 5.5. All measurements in millimeters, Material ewamined—Known only from the type specimen. Remarks.—This small stomatopod shows some divergences from the norm as exhibited in part by Hansen’s S. ambiqua and S. incerta.? These consist in the main of the shape of the cornea, the spined antennules, and the enlarged antennular acicle, characters that in S. oculinova are somewhat unique for the genus. In Schmitt’s key in the Hancock report (op. cit., p. 140) it would fall near his S. swetti, the major differences being as above stated. 2 Siboga Expedition, Stomatopoda, monogr. 35, pp. 6, 8, 1926. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1942 PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 92 Washington: 1942 No. 3139 THE CHRYSOMELID BEETLES LUPERODES BIVITTATUS (LECONTE) AND VARICORNIS (LECONTE) AND SOME ALLIED SPECIES By Doris H. BLakE Most of the vittaie and yellow-brown species of Luperodes Mot- schulsky from the United States are at present listed under the names L. bivittatus (LeConte) and L. varicornis (LeConte), respectively. There are at least five vittate species, all very similar in markings, confused with biwittatus, and I have found 11 of the yellow-brown species that in one collection or another have been labeled varicornis. Both vittate and yellow-brown species are small and inconspicuous and not particularly noteworthy, with the exception of JL. brunneus (Crotch), which Horn synonymized with varicornis. L. brunneus is a well-known pest throughout the South on corn and cotton. There is considerable question whether some of the species should not be removed from the genus Luperodes. They have certain char- acteristics in common with the species of that genus having black or metallic coloration, but in general are not closely related. Schaeffer has described one species, actually synonymous with varicornis (LeConte), as belonging to the genus Monolepta, mainly because of its closed anterior coxal cavities. Some of the others discussed here have closed anterior coxa! cavities and are related to species from Mexico and Central America described by Jacoby and also assigned to the genus Monolepia. 437828—42——_1 57 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 The type of Luperodes is L. alboplagiatus Motschulsky from Ceylon, and the type of Monolepta is M. pauperata Erichson from Angola. Maulik, in treating these two groups in the Fauna of British India, states that he does not recognize the character of the coxal cavity as of generic value and unites them under the earlier name Monolepta. He does not make any attempt to study the genus as a whole. La- boissiére, in the Supplement to the Catalogus Coleopterorum, part 78 (Galerucinae), believes ‘‘it is inadmissible” to separate the genus Luperodes and Monolepta on the character of the open or closed coxal cavities. Because I have not studied either of the two genotypes and because of the fact that they are so remote geographically from the American species, I hesitate to make any decision as to the generic position of the American species. At this time it seems wisest to leave these American species tentatively in the genus Luperodes under which they are listed in Leng’s catalog. Later the species will no doubt be assigned to several genera. I hope this study may awaken an interest in the group that will lead some one to make observations concerning the biology and food habits. These are almost unknown except in the case of L. brunneus (Crotch). KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LUPERODES 1. Elytra with sutural, lateral, or marginal vittae__.___..._._._....._______- 2; Elytra not vittate, yellow-brown, brown, or black, sometimes pale with dark sutural and lateral edges or with indefinite dark shadings alone SUGUTC)}OLISIC CS ieee te ae ee eee en ee 8 2. Antennae entirely dark, without pale basal or apical joints__..________ 2 Antennae with basal joints usually paler, remainder usually dark but sometimes with last four or five joints paler___________________- 4 3. A sutural and lateral vitta, margin always pale, pronotum fre- quently with a medium dark streak________-_ monorhabdus, new species A sutural and marginal dark edge or vitta, but no lateral vitta, pronotum without median dark spot or streak____ californicus Schaeffer 4, Elytra with lateral margin partially or entirely dark____._.___._.__-____-- 5 Elytra with lateral margin entirely pale._......2.....-...--2222 42222 6 5. Elytra with sutural, lateral, and marginal vittae, the lastybeing present only from below humerus and uniting at apex with sutural vitta. Southern California_______- melanolomatus, new species Elytra with sutural and marginal vittae, marginal vitta and frequently sutural being present only in basal part. Texas. nebrodes, new species 6. Abdomen in male with a pair of tubercles_______ tuberculatus, new species Abdomenn male without tubercles. 2222 5205-2 2 ee 7 7. Elytra not depressed, somewhat convex, so that lateral vitta appears next to margin when viewed from above; dark beneath. pouthernCaliform as 225). okt Jats PE ey 2 diegensis, new species Elytra somewhat depressed, lateral vitta plainly not next to margin when viewed from above, sometimes pale beneath. California north of Los Angeles__.__.__...__._-__- bivittatus (LeConte) BEETLES OF GENUS LUPERODES—BLAKE! 59 Sy Hiytra entirely; black 252. 6) ~ueoee Yen eas flavoniger, new species Elytra pale yellow or brownish, sometimes with dark sutural, IAPCLAL Gr MATeIN Al SUACIIGS 220" Mes Mae cc ee Le TDs 8 8 9 9. Elytra entirely pale, without dark sutural, lateral, or marginal SEL lira Osan ee RP NE eR HET UT EA AE ce USL Ne Wee eee ae NA 10 Elytra brown or pale yellow, with sutural, lateral, or marginal Garkned gesjor ShaGin geuw mules. wok yew a beray sd dasier Sree yaaa Be gu kre es 16 10. First tarsal joint of hind leg not so long as remainder together, sedespus sport and relatively broad...) 2-2 Se ee ee 11 First tarsal joint of hind leg approximately equal to or longer then rest together, aedeagus long and relatively narrow____--------- if. 11. Antennae in male much enlarged__._-_--_....---------- crassicornis Fall Antennae inemalenotmuehrenlancedses to. - sues ies ee se eee ere 12 12. Elytra very polished, head brownish__---_....-2------_=---- curvatus Fall Elytra not polished, head’ pale. = - =. 2s- 3.25 2: vandykei, new species 13. Antennae uniformly dark, without paler basal joints. popenoei, new species Antennae with the basal joints paler than rest__._.____.__-_---_---+---- 14 14. Narrowly oblong, aedeagus spoon-shaped. New Mexico. elachistus, new species Oblong oval, aedeagus not spoon-shaped, with a narrow tip___-------- 15 15. Aedeagus with tip long, narrowly compressed, and, when viewed from side, irregularly curved. Texas__------_- pallidulus, new species Aedeagus very narrow its entire length and when viewed from side somewhat arcuate but not much ecurved__-_-__- brunneus, pale form 16. Elytra rugose, semicostate. Lower California____ rugipennis, new species Elytra not costate or rugose. United States_._.____._.._------------=- 17 TEP BETO ih GUS) I aR a ARNE aN ier NPR brunneus (Crotch) Wellow: with brown shadings or, edgess.2en {abe Ua AS See oo See 18 18. Narrowly oblong, very tiny (8 mm.). Chiricahua Mountains, VN crip Aaa nig WO Ese) sa pega OAc D BINA TOO) MeN asi tie Be aS een SE Be chiricahuensis, new species Grate eel lt see cy eae Sard seve 3 ewe tb ie yemet): he ee Eps ale: 19 19. Very conspicuously and densely punctate___. punctatissimus, new species Punctate: but-snot-very,conuspicuously S022 a2 22 2 aos ee ee es 20 20. Interocular space less than half width of head, eyes large, Baboquivari Mountains and vicinity, Ariz__---_--- ocularis, new species Interocular space half or more than half width of head_____-_--------- 21 21. Aedeagus very narrow most of its length when viewed from 22. above; elytra with suture more or less darkened and often with a median brownish area sometimes extending across it. varicornis (LeConte) Aedeagus broader, narrowed only toward tip; elytra pale without dark shadings, only sutural and marginal edges (ob shin Cute ONT gL Uae gee, HOY MRP ENG (Uy ap geet 0 Wry sO Pa kM OA Gna eg epee ge 22 Aedeagusi2-partedtati tips seo) osc Bee me ee brunneus, pale form Aedeagus not 2-parted at tip__.......-....----+--- convexus, new species LUPERODES BIVITTATUS (LeConte) PLATE 6, Figures 14, 15 Phyllobrotica bivittata LEConteE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1859, p. 81. Luperus bivittatus LEConts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1865, p. 209. Luperodes bivittatus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 20, p. 110, 1893. LeConte’s type of bivittatus in the LeConte collection at Cambridge is labeled Fort Tejon and is probably the only specimen that he had 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 when he described the species. Following it are five other specimens, all females, with the label ‘‘Cal.”’ and a male with the label ‘Cala.’” The type specimen, a male, is pale yellow, with a narrow sutural and moderately wide lateral vitta extending from the base over the humerus but not reaching the apex. The head is polished, impunctate, rounded, a deeper yellow than the prothorax, with the mouthparts having darker tips. The interocular space is more than half the width of the head. The antennae are pale, not extending to the middle of the elytra, the fourth jomt nearly twice as long as the third. The pro- thorax is widest before the middle, is a third wider than long with a faint suggestion of spotting, and is polished and nearly impunctate. The scutellum is pale. The dark elytral vittae are joined about the base with a narrow dark line. The elytra are not very distinctly punctate. The body beneath is pale, the breast slightly deeper yellow- brown in coloring. The anterior coxal cavities are open. A series of specimens in the Van Dyke collection at the California Academy of Sciences, collected at Potwisha, Sequoia National Park, Calif., altitude 2,000-3,000 feet, corresponds entirely with the LeConte type. I have examined a great many other specimens from localities in general nearer the coast and from farther north in California that present wider dark elytral vittae, a dark scutellum, and usually entirely dark undersurface. ‘These specimens have been taken at Auburn (Placer County), Carrville (Trinity County, altitude 2,400-2,500 feet), Chico (Butte County), Davis (San Joaquin County), Fairfax (Marin County), Grass Valley (Nevada County), Lake City (Modoc County), Los Gatos (Santa Clara County), Moraga Valley (Contra Costa County), Morgan Hill (Santa Clara County), Napa County, Paraiso Springs (Monterey County), Santa Cruz Mountains (Santa Clara County), Santa Rosa, Walnut Creek (Contra Costa County), Vinehall (Contra Costa County). In all these the aedeagi appear to: be very much the same. The darker and more northern and coastal specimens may be simply a color form. There are also specimens from Graniteville (Nevada County), Cayton (Shasta County), and Eldorado County, all inland and from mountainous localities, that are somewhat intermediate, being paler in coloring, particularly of the undersurface, but not quite so pale as the type. In these, too, the aedeagus is indistinguishable from that of the specimens corresponding to the LeConte type. LUPERODES DIEGENSIS, new species PLATE 6, FIGURE 16 About 4—5.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong, shining pale yellowish with narrow dark elytral vittae at suture and from the humerus nearly to the apex, body beneath dark, last four or five antennal joints tending to be slightly paler than basal ones. BEETLES OF GENUS LUPERODES—BLAKE 61 Head polished, deeper reddish yellow in coloring, smoothly rounded over the occiput, frontal tubercles well defined, interocular space very wide, over half the width of the head. Antennae extending nearly to the middle of the elytra, third joint shorter than fourth, in color varying from pale to reddish brown, but in darker specimens the four or five apical joints becoming paler than the basal ones. Prothorax about a third wider than long, somewhat convex, with rounded sides, shining, finely alutaceous, usually deeper reddish yellow than elytra. Scutellum usually dark. Elytra oblong, somewhat convex, elytral humeri not prominent, only faint trace of intrahumeral depression, finely punctate; pale yellow with sutural edges piceous nearly to apex, and a narrow lateral vitta extending over the humerus nearly to the apex. Body beneath usually dark with pale pubescence, legs pale, all tibiae spurred, first tarsal joint of hind leg barely as long as the re- mainder together. Anterior coxal cavities open. Length 4.2-5.8 mm., width 1.9-2.5 mm. Type, male, and 6 paratypes (5 female, 1 male), U.S.N.M. No. 90110. Type locality—San Diego, Calif., collected January 1, 1909, by Ricksecker on the flowers of Adenostoma. Other localities —Pifion Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, collected by E. S. Ross; in the mountains near Claremont, collected by C. F. Baker. Remarks.—This species, confused in collections with L. bwwittatus (LeConte), seems to occur only in southern California... It is more convex than bivitiatus, and the aedeagus is different. LUPERODES MONORHABDUS, new species PLATE 6, FIGURE 22 About 4.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong, moderately shining, yellow-brown, with reddish-brown antennae and usually a median spot or vitta on the pronotum, and on the elytra a sutural and a lateral vitta, the body beneath tending to be dark. Head polished, pale, with the tips of the mouth parts slightly deeper in coloring, rounded and polished over the occiput, tubercles well defined, with a transverse depression above, interocular space over half the width of the head. Antennae reaching scarcely to the middle of the elytra, third joint not so long as fourth, all joints deep reddish brown or darker. Prothorax somewhat convex with rounded sides, scarcely a third wider than long, polished, very finely punctate, deep yellow or reddish and usually with a dark median vitta, but this sometimes lacking. Scutellum dark. Elytra oblong, somewhat convex, with moderately prominent humeri and short intrahumeral depression, shining, very finely punctate; pale, a dark sutural vitta not reaching the apex, and a lateral one extending over the humerus and about the scutellum to join the sutural one. Body beneath dark, shining, with a 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 pale pubescence; anterior coxal cavities open. Legs pale, each tibia spurred, first hind tarsal joint not so long as the rest together. Length 4.24.9 mm., width 1.8-2 mm. Type, male, and 2 paratypes (female), U.S.N.M. No. 55111. Type locality—Los Angeles, Calif., collected by Coguillett. Remarks.—The uniform color of the dark antennae, in which neither basal nor apical joints are paler, and the dark vitta that is usually present on the pronotum differentiate this species from the other vittate ones. Two specimens in the Los Angeles Museum are labeled Los Angeles County, collected by M. Albright, and “Cal.,” respectively. LUPERODES TUBERCULATUS, new species Puate 6, Figure 19 About 4 mm. in length, oblong oval, faintly shining, yellow-brown, with narrow sutural and lateral piceous vittae on the elytra. In male a pair of tubercles in the middle of the abdomen. Head shining, pale yellow-brown, smoothly rounded over the occiput, a transverse line above the tubercles extending from eye to eye, interocular space over half the width of the head; a slight pro- tuberance between the antennal bases. Antennae entirely pale, extending to the middle of the elytra, second and third joints about equal, fourth not so long as second and third together. Prothorax about a fourth wider than long, with arcuate sides, not very convex, surface shining, very finely punctate, entirely pale. Scutellum pale. Elytra oblong, smoothly rounded with small humeral prominences, shining very finely punctate; pale yellow-brown, with the sutural edges Ppiceous almost to the apex, and a narrow lateral vitta extending over the humerus nearly to the apex, these two joined by a dark edge about the base and scutellum. Body beneath entirely pale. In male a pair of tubercles in the middle of the abdomen. Anterior coxal cavities open, hind tibiae spurred (others not visible). First hind tarsal joint not quite so long as the remaining ones together. Length 4—4.5 mm.; width 1.8-2 mm. Type, mile. and 3 paratypes (2 male, 1 female), the type and 1 male paratype in collection of the Los Angeles Museum, 2 paratypes in National Museum collection, U.S.N.M. No. 55112. Type locality—Camp Baldy, at the foot of Old Baldy Mount, San Antonio Mountains in San Bernardino County, Calif., collected June 17, 1916, by L. L. Muchmore. Remarks.—The outstanding peculiarity of this species is the presence of a pair of well-developed tubercles on the abdomen of the male. I have not seen these on any other American beetle, although they are known to occur in such genera of the Galerucinae as Phyllobrotica and Hoplasoma in Europe and Asia. BEETLES OF GENUS LUPERODES—BLAKE 63 LUPERODES MELANOLOMATUS, new species Puate 6, Fiaure 17 About 5-6 mm. in length, oblong, somewhat shining, pale, with very narrow dark sutural and lateral elytral stripe and with the edge of the elytra from below the humerus or in apical half darkened; breast, sometimes abdomen, and usually tibiae and tarsi and some- times half of femora dark. Head pale, smooth, rounded over the occiput, tubercles defined, interocular space more than half the width of the head. Antennae dark with first three basal joints pale, extending below the middle of the elytra, third joint half as long as the fourth. Prothorax about a fourth wider than long, widest anteriorly and narrowed toward the base; disk not very convex, faintly shining, very finely alutaceous, entirely pale. Scutellum reddish or piceous. Elytra oblong, not very convex, somewhat shining, very finely alutaceous and finely punctate; a dark reddish-brown or piceous sutural vitta, sometimes narrowing so that only the edges of the suture are dark, and a narrow lateral vitta extending over the humerus and base and connecting with the sutural vitta about the scutellum, the lateral vitta not reach- ing the apex of the elytron, but the sutural vitta usually extending to the apex and joining there with a dark marginal edge which extends to the epipleura and runs along the margin from below the humerus or sometimes from about halfway down the elytron. Body beneath in pale specimens pale with reddish-brown breast, but in darker speci- mens both breast and abdomen often darkened. Legs usually pale at base, often femora entirely pale, but usually the femora dark at the apex, tibiae and tarsi dark. First tarsal joint of hind leg nearly as long as the remainder together. All tibiae spurred. Length 5-6.5 mm.; width 1.8-2.2 mm. Type, male, and 4 paratypes (2 male, 2 female), the type and 2 paratypes (1 male, 1 female) in collection of the California Academy of Sciences; 2 paratypes (1 male, 1 female) in National Museum collec- tion, U.S.N.M. No. 55113. Type locality.—Pifion Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, Calif., collected by E. G. Linsley and E. 8. Ross, May 24 and 25, 1939. Other localities —Santa Rosa Park, Riverside County, Calif., col- lected June 22, 1940, in the Van Dyke collection; El Toro, Orange County, collected by C. Dammers, May 17, 1938. Remarks.—There are also two old specimens in the National Museum collection labeled simply ‘‘Cal.” and “S. Cal.’’ Apparently this species is confined to southern California. It is not closely related to L. bwittatus (LeConte) although vittate. It belongs to an entirely different group, being allied to ZL. californicus Schaeffer and having a similarly shaped prothorax and long antennae. 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 LUPERODES NEBRODES, new species PuLate 6, Ficure 21 About 5-6.5 mm. in length, oblong, shining, pale yellow-brown, with piceous antennae, except the three basal joints, piceous sutural and lateral edges, and piceous breast and often abdomen. Head polished, pale reddish yellow, with piceous edges of mouth- parts, rounded over the occiput, frontal tubercles slightly produced with a groove running obliquely up toward margin of eye on each side; interocular space more than half the width of the head. Antennae extending to the middle of the elytra, stout, fourth joint nearly twice as long as third, three basal joints pale, remainder piceous. Prothorax about a third wider than long, widest anteriorly, narrowing gradually to base, not very convex, pale reddish yellow, somewhat shiny, finely alutaceous. Scutellum piceous. Elytra oblong with small humeral prominences and short intrahumeral sulcus; very finely alutaceous and finely punctate, feebly shining, pale yellow-brown, with sutural edges usually dark in basal half and occasionally widened to form a dark sutural vitta not reaching the apex; lateral edges in basal part darkened sometimes. Body beneath in males with breast and abdomen dark piceous, in the three females examined the breast piceous and abdomen pale. Legs pale with tarsal joints edged with dark piceous, sometimes hind tibiae becoming dark at apex. Front coxal cavities open, all legs spurred, first tarsal joint of hind legs not so long as the rest together. Length 5.2-6.9 mm.; width 2.3-2.5 mm. Type, male, and 10 paratypes (7 male, 3 female), U.S.N.M. No. 55114. Type locality—Downings Ranch, Terrell County, Tex., May 10, 1912, collected by J. D. Mitchell. Remarks.—In general coloring this species somewhat resembles L. californicus Schaeffer, but it is paler and has a quite differently shaped and broader prothorax. It belongs to that group of larger species having the prothorax wider anteriorly, to which Z. californicus belongs. In the three females the coloring of the abdomen is pale; in the males it is piceous. LUPERODES FLAVONIGER, new species PLATE 6, FicurE 18 About 6 mm. long, slender, narrowly oblong, somewhat shining, entirely black except for the reddish-yellow head and three basal antennal joimts, sometimes coxae and apices of joints of anterior legs deep reddish brown. Head smooth, shining, reddish yellow, with the tips of the mouth- parts darker. Interocular space over half width of head. Antennae BEETLES OF GENUS LUPERODE'IS—BLAKE 65 extending beyond the middle of the elytra, third joint about half as long as fourth, three basal joints pale. Prothorax widest an- teriorly where a little wider than long, then narrowing to base; disk not very convex, somewhat shining, finely alutaceous, entirely black. Scutellum dark. Elytra elongate oblong, not very convex, with small prominent humeri and a long intrahumeral depression, entirely black, somewhat shiny, alutaceous, and finely punctate. Body beneath entirely dark except for paler coxal joints, the pale pubescence thicker on the breast. Legs dark, apices of joints some- what paler, all tibiae spurred, first tarsal jomt of hind leg as long as the rest together. Front coxal cavities open. Length 6.2 mm.; width 2.2 mm. Type, male, 1 paratype, female, U.S.N.M. No. 55115. Type locality —E1 Toro, Orange County, Calif., collected May 17, 1938, by C. Dammers. Remarks.—Luperodes semeflavus Fall is the only other species having dark or metallic elytra and a pale head, but the prothorax, legs, and body beneath of semiflavus are also pale. L. flavoniger appears to be closely related to L. californicus, having a similarly shaped prothorax. LUPERODES VARICORNIS (LeConte) PLATE 5, Figure 4 Luperus varicornis LEContTE, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 57, 1868. Luperodes varicornis Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 20, p. 110, 111, 1873. Monolepta crucigera ScHAEFFER, Bull. Brooklyn Inst., vol. 2, p. 249, 1906. Luperodes marginalis Fautu, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 36, p. 149, 1910. The type of Lwperus varicornis in the LeConte collection at Cam- bridge, a female labeled ‘Ariz.,” is 3 mm. long and 1.8 mm. wide. The head is pale yellow, with a reddish-brown streak down the median line of the occiput; the mandibles are red-brown; there is a transverse line across the vertex and above the tubercles, and the tubercles are distinctly marked but not prominent; the occiput is finely punctate. The interocular space is about half the width of the head. The antennae are longer than half the body, pale at base, the first three joints entirely so, the fourth and remainder with darkened apical half, the second and third are nearly equal to the fourth, the rest about equal to the fourth. The prothorax is not twice so wide as long, slightly rounded at the sides, shining, very finely punctate, and pale yellow, with red-brown lateral markings along the margin and sides. The scutellum is reddish. The elytra are oval, a little wider behind the middle, shining, faintly and finely punctate, the punctation a little more distinct and less dense than on pronotum, the margin and suture reddish brown, widening at the suture to an 437828—42—__2 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 indefinitely defined area near the middle and also along the sides and at apex. Below, the breast is reddish brown, the abdomen a little lighter, the legs pale, abdomen lightly pubescent and punctate, the first tarsal joint of the hind leg longer than the rest, a tiny spur on the tibiae. LeConte stated in his description that he had only one specimen and that from Arizona. Besides the type there are other specimens in his collection from Texas and Kansas, none of which is the same species as the type, and since they were undoubtedly added later, they are not of consequence in this discussion. Schaeffer described Monolepta crucigera from a series of specimens taken in the Huachuca Mountains, Ariz. Apparently he did not con- sider at all the possibility that the species might belong in the genus Luperodes or might have been previously described. He placed it in the Monoleptides chiefly on account of the closed anterior coxal cavities. As he writes, the dark marking on the elytra is very variable; ‘‘in some specimens the elytra may be more properly called black with a large basal and an elongate apical spot pale.”’ The dark sutural spot may widen in the middle of the elytra so as to extend to the lateral margin, thus forming a cross, or, again in Schaeffer’s series of specimens, the elytra may appear nearly pale with only a dark sutural and lateral edge. Specimens similar to LeConte’s type also occur in his series. In his description of Luperodes marginalis from Alpine, Tex., Fall states that the species agrees very closely with varicorms, but that according to LeConte’s description, varicornis is entirely yellow, while his own specimens had more or less of piceous markings. At the time Fall was not able to consult the LeConte collection and knew varicornis only from its short description, in which, it is true, no mention is made of the brownish area about the suture. In the Fall collection at Cambridge, the specimen bearing Fall’s type label, a female, very similar to LeConte’s type specimen, also bears the label Monolepta crucigera, in Fall’s handwriting. Two others from Alpine, Tex., are placed in a row following two of Schaeffer’s labeled in Schaeffer’s handwriting M. crucigera. It would appear that Fall had discovered that his marginalis was the same as Schaeffer’s earlier described species, but apparently he had never compared it with LeConte’s type of varicornis, although he had earlier noted its strong resemblance to varicornis. Among Fall’s material from Alpine, Tex., both in his own collection and in some he gave to Bowditch, are some entirely pale specimens that he mentioned as immature in his description of LZ. marginalis. These are really a different species and are discussed farther on in this paper. BEETLES OF GENUS LUPERODES—BLAKE 67 L. varicorns is abundantly represented in the National Museum collection by specimens collected by Nunenmacher and others at Nogales, Ariz. In a recent collection at Nogales, they were stated to be found on almond leaves and fruit. They were collected by Morrison in Arizona, and in Schaeffer’s collection, besides the types from the Huachuca Mountains, there are specimens from Palmerlee, Cochise County, Ariz. Wickham collected it at Alpine, Tex., and specimens are in the California Academy of Sciences from the Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Tex. One specimen only has appeared from New Mexico, and that was collected by F. H. Snow and is in the University of Kansas collection. LUPERODES BRUNNEUS (Crotch) PuatTE 5, FIGURE 5 Luperus brunneus Crotcu, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1873, p. 44. Luperodes varicornis Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 20, p. 111, in part, 1893. Luperodes davist LENG, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 198, 194, 1911. Crotch’s type of L. brunneus may very well be a specimen in the LeConte collection bearing the label ‘‘N. C.,’”’ as Crotch stated that his specimen was from North Carolina. It is a shining brown beetle, with the head, prothorax, and legs a little paler yellow-brown and the antennae with the apices of each joint from the fourth to the apical joint dark, and is the species that is so abundant a pest throughout the South on corn, okra, and cotton. I have not examined Leng’s type of ZL. davisi, described from Georgia, but according to H. S. Barber, who has seen the type, it is the same as Crotch’s species. Since Horn’s revision of the Galerucini, L. brunneus has been synonymized with varicornis. LeConte described varicornis from Arizona, while Crotch’s species came from North Carolina. In coloration and markings the typical forms are not alike, and the aedeagi, while similar, are quite distinct. There is a pale-yellow form of brunneus similar in coloring to the very palest forms of vari- cornis, which is represented in the National Museum collection by specimens from Georgia (Savannah, near Townsend, and Harrison), and Kansas (Manhattan, Topeka, and Riley County). Although the aedeagi of these pale-yellow forms appear from without to be like those of the typical dark brown forms, one aedeagus, unfortunately lost, had the internal sac inflated to some extent, and this was peculiar in having a series of rather long spines projecting from it. The internal sac of the typical brunneus showed shorter spines. Whether this constitutes a specific difference I do not know. One of the speci- mens of the pale form from Kansas bore the note that it was found injuring dahlias, hollyhocks, and cornsilk, and those from Georgia 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 were collected on cotton. Thus the food habits appear to be pretty much the same in both pale and dark forms. Specimens of typical brunneus are in the National Museum collec- tion from North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Missis- sippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. There are two speci- mens labeled New York, and a series labeled Rockport, Mass., but in both cases I doubt the authenticity of the locality label. LUPERODES RUGIPENNIS, new species Puate 5, Figure 10 About 4 mm. in length, elongate oblong, pale yellow-brown, with reddish-brown occiput and a dark sutural, basal, and in part lateral edge on elytra, not shining, the surface of the pronotum and elytra uneven, the elytra showing traces of costation. Head deeper in color over the occiput and alutaceous; interocular space about half the width of the head. Antennae extending beyond the middle of the elytra, with pale basal joints, second and third joints together not quite so long as fourth. Prothorax a third wider than long, with sides nearly straight; surface uneven with a depression on each side and down the middle, finely and obsoletely punctate, entirely pale yellow. Elytra with more conspicuous punctation than prothorax and with traces of irregular, poorly defined costae, the surface appearing rugose; humeri not at all prominent; entirely pale except for the sutural, basal, and lateral edges, the last usually bemg dark only in basal half. Body beneath entirely pale. All tibiae spurred, first hind tarsal joint a little longer than the others together. Anterior coxal cavities open. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.; width 1.5-1.9 mm. Type, male, and 16 paratypes (5 male, 11 female), U.S.N.M. No. 55116. Type locality—tLas Parras, Baja California, collected by W. M. Mann, October 1923. Other localities —Purrisima, Palmarita, San José del Cabo, Baja California. Remarks —The uneven, distinctly punctate surface of this species and its semicostate elytra make it easily distinguishable. LUPERODES PALLIDULUS, new species PuatTe 5, Figure 12 About 3-4 mm. in length, oblong oval, very finely punctate, shining, pale yellow, occiput, sometimes lateral edge of prothorax, breast, and femora deeper in color, the antennae usually deep brown except the basal joints and the base of each joint. Head with smoothly rounded occiput, very finely punctate, tubercles well defined, with transverse groove above running from eye to eye; interocular space half width of head, occiput deeper yellow in coloring. BEETLES OF GENUS LUPERODES—BLAKE 69 Antennae extending fully halfway down elytra, second and third joints together scarcely as long as fourth, remainder a little shorter than fourth and approximately equal, three basal joints pale, the rest usually dark brown except at base. Prothorax about a third wider than long, with slightly arcuate sides, smooth, shining, very finely punctate. Scutellum pale. Elytra broadly oblong oval, not depressed, humeri marked with a short intrahumeral depression, very finely and obsoletely punctate, entirely pale. Body beneath finely pubescent, pale, sometimes breast and femora a little darker. All tibiae with spines, first tarsal joint of hind legs considerably longer than the rest together. Anterior coxal cavities closed. Length 3.24.3 mm.; width 1.8-2.2 mm. Type, male, and 14 paratypes (6 male, 8 female), U.S.N.M. No. 55117. Type locality —F¥ort Sam Houston, Tex.; collected by H. H. Bishopp on rose, April 24, 1940. Other localities —Victoria, collected by R. A. Cushman on Opuntia and cotton, by C. M. Walker on cotton, and by W. E. Hinds on anemone; San Antonio (EK. V. Walter), Columbus (EK. A. Schwarz), Lavaca (Schwarz), Cuero (Cushman), North Braunfels (W. D. Pierce), Dallas (W. D. Pierce on Callirrhoe involucrata) ; all in Texas. Remarks.—One of the specimens of Fall’s Z. marginalis from Alpine, Tex. (collected July 20, 1922, 4,400-6,000 feet, by Wickham), is a male of this species. It is very likely the specimen mentioned in his description of Z. marginalis as immature and paler. But the other specimens of this species in his collection were identified as L. vari- cornis LeConte. It is a longer, more convex, and paler insect than varicornis. There is no trace of dark coloring on the pronotum or elytra, although the lateral edges of the pronotum are occasionally darker. The shape of the aedeagus, with its long, irregularly curved tip, is strikingly different from that of any of the related species. LUPERODES ELACHISTUS, new species PLATE 5, FicurRE 9 About 3 mm. in length, oblong, slender, shining yellow-brown, with the occiput and all but the first three joints of the antennae and the body beneath reddish brown; head, pronotum, and elytra finely punctate. Head with interocular space over half its width, occiput smoothly rounded and polished, with very fine, scattered punctures; tubercles well defined, with a marked depression above them. Antennae extending below the middle of the elytra, fourth joint twice as long as third and slightly longer than following, which are about equal, first 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 three pale yellow, remainder reddish brown. Prothorax about a fourth wider than long with sides nearly straight, shiny, finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra not much wider than prothorax, without depressions, humeri not prominent, shining, finely punctate. Body beneath reddish brown with legs a little paler. Anterior coxal cavities open. First hind tarsal joint as Jong as the rest together. Length 3-3.2 mm.; width 1.2—1.3 mm. Type, male, and one paratype, U.S.N.M. No. 55118. Type locality —lLas Vegas, N. Mex., collected September 8 by K. A. Schwarz and H. 8. Barber. Remarks.—This is one of the tiniest of the yellow-brown species and is distinguished from varicornis by its narrowly oblong shape. It has a peculiar spoon-shaped aedeagus. LUPERODES POPENOEI, new species Prats 5, Figure 7 About 3.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, finely and rather closely punctate, pale yellow, with reddish-brown occiput and entirely reddish-brown antennae; legs and body beneath often deeper brown. Head frequently with deep reddish occiput, pale below except for the darker mandibles; finely punctate and alutaceous, tubercles separated from occiput by a deep groove, front little produced, inter- ocular space fully half the width of the head. Antennae extending down to the middle of the elytra, fourth joint about equal to second and third together, rest a little shorter and nearly equal in length; entirely deep reddish brown. Prothorax about one and one-fourth times as broad as long, with sides only slightly arcuate, surface shining, densely and finely punctate; pale yellow, sometimes with a trace of spots. Elytra elongate, smooth, not so convex as in brunneus, humeri not prominent; surface shining, finely and densely punctate. Body beneath finely pubescent, breast frequently darker, tibiae of all legs with spines, hind tarsal joint about equal to the rest together. Anterior coxal cavities open. Length 3.5-4'mm.; width 1.8-2 mm. Type, male, U.S.N.M. No. 55119. Type locality —Kansas. Other localities.—Texas (Belfrage collection), Kansas (collected by F. H. Snow, E. A. Popenoe, and in the collection of C. V. Riley). Remarks.—In this species there is no suggestion of darker markings on the pronotum or elytra, and all the joints of the antennae are of a uniform color, deep reddish or piceous without any paler basal joints. It is more oblong and less convex than is varicornis. In the Popenoe collection from western Kansas is one beetle labeled “‘ Luperus n. sp. Lec.,’’ which very probably was examined by LeConte himself and so determined. BEETLES OF GENUS LUPERODES—BLAKE 71 LUPERODES CHIRICAHUENSIS, new species Puate 5, Fiacure 8 About 3 mm. in length, slender elongate oblong, pale yellow, with dark margin on prothorax, surface distinctly and densely punctate. Head pale with a dark median streak down the occiput, interocular space a little more than half the width of the head, occiput alutaceous and distinctly punctate, a groove above tubercles not deep but well defined, extending from eye to eye. Antennae yellow-brown, gradu- ally deepening in color toward the apical joints; extending at least to the middle of the elytra; second and third joints together about equal to fourth, remainder subequal. Prothorax about a third wider than long, sides nearly straight, surface shining and distinctly punctate, much more so than in the Baboquivari species, L. ocularis. Elytra more rugosely punctate than varicornis, a few short scattered hairs on apical half of elytra. Body beneath finely pubescent, breast and tip of abdomen a little deeper brown. ‘Tibiae of all legs spurred, first hind tarsal joint longer than remainder together. Anterior coxal cavities closed. Length 2.6-3.3 mm.; width 1.1-1.4 mm. Type, male, and 1 paratype, female, the type in the California Academy of Sciences, the paratype in the National Museum collection, U.S.N.M.:No. 55120. Type locality—Texas Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Ariz., 5,000-6,000 feet, Sept. 13, 1927, collected by J. A. Kusche, in the Van Dyke collection, California Academy of Sciences. Remarks.—This species is distinguished by its slender, oblong shape, the distinct punctation, and the fine hairs near the apex of the elytra. The aedeagus is finely pointed. LUPERODES CONVEXUS, new species Puate 5, Ficure 138 About 3-4 mm. long, oblong oval, finely punctate, shining pale yellow, with mandibles, often the sides of the pronotum, margin and suture of elytra, breast, and tip of abdomen deeper brown, antennae brown with the first three joints and the base of the others pale. Head finely punctate and alutaceous on occiput, tubercles and carina well defined. Interocular space half the width of the head. Antennae extending fully halfway down the elytra, three basal joints pale, the rest pale at the base, fourth joint nearly as long as second and third together, rest approximately equal. Prothorax a little less than twice as wide as long, with the sides slightly arcuate, surface finely and densely punctate, pale yellow, with the lateral margin and sometimes sides brownish. Elytra oblong oval, somewhat convex, without prominent humeri, surface finely and rather densely punctate, pale yellow with the sutural and marginal edges deep brown. Body 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 beneath finely pubescent, breast and tip of abdomen usually deeper in color. All tibiae with a spine, the first hind tarsal joint a little longer than the rest together. Anterior coxal cavities closed. Length 3-4 mm.; width 1.8—2.2 mm. Type, male, and 2 paratypes (1 male, 1 female), U.S.N.M. No. 56121. Type locality —Armstrong, Iowa, collected by Shimek, from the Wickham collection. | Other localities —Douglas County, Kans., collected by F. H. Snow; © Topeka, Kans., in the Popenoe collection; Oklahoma County, Okla., collected by W. Benedict; Champaign, IIl., collected on the flowers of Helianthus. Remarks.—This species is slightly larger and more convex than varicornis and more densely punctate. It is distinguished by its dark ‘sutural and lateral edges, the characters of the aedeagus, and its elytral convexity, as well as its somewhat larger size from the other pale species. LUPERODES OCULARIS, new species PLATE 5, Figure 6 About 2.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong, pale yellow-brown, with the occiput, antennae, often lateral margin of prothorax and sutural and marginal edges of elytra, and breast deeper brown;smooth, shining, finely punctate; eyes unusually large. Head shining, with a few fine rather obsolete punctures on the occiput, groove above tubercles deep and extending from eye to eye; eyes large, the interocular space less than half the width of the head. Antennae extending at least to the middle of the elytra, second and third joints together not quite so long as the fourth, the rest subequal; the basal joints paler than the outer ones. Prothorax almost rec- tangular, with lateral sides nearly straight, not twice as wide as long; surface shining, very finely and rather densely punctured. Lateral sides often darkened. Scutellum pale. Elytra long, narrow, and depressed, with well-marked humeri, and intrahumeral depression; surface shining, finely and rather densely punctate. Body beneath finely pubescent. Breast usually deeper brown; all tibiae with tiny spurs; first hind tarsal joint a little longer than remainder all together. Anterior coxal cavities closed. Length 2.5-3 mm.; width 1.2 mm. Type, male, and 8 paratypes, the type and 6 paratypes in the California Academy of Sciences, 2 paratypes (male and female) in National Museum collection, U.S. N. M. No. 55122. Type locality —Baboquivari Mountains, Ariz., collected on August 20, 1924, by O. C. Poling. BEETLES OF GENUS LUPERODES—BLAKE 73 Other localities —Tucson, 16 miles south of Tucson, St. Xavier Mis- sion, Ariz., collected in July and August 1924 by E. P. Van Duzee and J. O. Martin. Remarks.—This species is distinguished by its tiny size, narrow shape, and very large eyes. The aedeagus is very similar to that of L. brunneus but is not so long or so slender at the tip. Three speci- mens of this species are in Fall’s collection at Cambridge, all from the Baboquivari Mountains, Ariz. LUPERODES PUNCTATISSIMUS, new species PuaTE 5, FiaureE 11 About 4 mm. in length, broadly oval, feebly shining, conspicuously and densely punctate, pale yellow, a dark line down the occiput and rather indefinite darker areas on prothorax, lateral edges of prothorax, and elytra, the suture dark in one of the two specimens; antennae with the first three joints pale, the rest gradually darker at apex. Head alutaceous, finely and densely punctate over occiput, a dark median line, tubercles well defined, interocular space not quite half as wide as head. Antennae extending beyond the middle of the elytra, first three joints pale yellow, the rest with deeper colored apex, but not black, fourth joint about twice as long as third, the rest a little shorter and nearly equal. Prothorax one and three-fourths times as wide as long, with the sides nearly straight, basal margin curved; surface somewhat coarsely and confluently punctate, pale with two lateral darker areas and dark edges in one of the two specimens. Scutellum dark in one specimen. Elytra smoothly rounded, some- what convex, without depressions, surface densely and distinctly punctate, with finer punctures among the coarser, deeper ones. Body beneath pale, shining. Legs pale, first tarsal joint of hind leg considerably longer than rest together. Anterior coxal cavities closed(?). Length 4 mm.; width 2 mm. Type, male, and 1 paratype, female, U.S. N. M. No. 55123. Type locality —Arizona, ‘‘collection C. V. Riley.” Remarks.—This species is distinguished by its conspicuous puncta- tion, its broadly oval shape, its convex and not depressed elytra, and the characters of the aedeagus. LUPERODES VANDYKEI, new species PuaTE 5, FIGURE 3 About 3.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong, pale yellow, with the head, undersurface, and apical joints of the antennae deeper in color- ing, faintly shining. Head with the interocular space over half its width, smoothly rounded over the occiput, shining, a depression above the tubercles. Antennae pale, the second and third joints together fully as long as 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 fourth, remainder somewhat shorter, not reaching the middle of the | elytra. Prothorax about a third wider than long, widest before the middle, surface smooth, impunctate, entirely pale. Elytra elongate oblong, with well-marked humeral prominences, surface finely alu- taceous, entirely pale, lateral margin not visible from above. Body beneath shining, darker brown in color, with fine pubescence. Legs pale with deeper brown tarsal joints, all tibiae with tiny spur, first hind tarsal joint not so long as the rest together. Anterior coxal cavities closed(?). Length 3.5 mm.; width 1.3 mm. Type, male, in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Type locality.—Olancha, Calif., collected May 19, 1917; in the Van Dyke collection, California Academy of Sciences. Remarks.—This species, of which only a single specimen has been examined, is closely related to Z. curvatus Fall and ZL. crassicornis Fall but not very closely allied to the varicornis group. It agrees with Fall’s two species in having a broad head, the prothorax wider before the middle, the elytra rather convex,so that the lateral margin is not visible from above, and in having a short hind tarsal joint. The aedeagi of all three species are short and relatively broad. The male antennae are not thickened in this species as they are in L. crassicornis, and the beetle is not so broad as but more elongate than L. curvaius, with a differently shaped aedeagus. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1942 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 92 PLATE 5 } ‘ 10.L.rugipennis @ il. punctatissimus 12.L.pallidulus é \&L.conve..us BEETLES OF GENUS LUPERODES 1, L. curvatus Fall, paratype from Bishop, Calif.; 2, crassicornis Fall, paratype from Mojave, Calif.; 3, vandyke1, new species, type from Olancha, Calif.; 4, varicornis (LeConte), type from Arizona, aedeagus from specimen from Nogales, Ariz.; 5, brunneus (Crotch), from Hamlet, N. C.; 6, ocudaris, new species, type from Baboquivari Mountains, Ariz.; 7, popenoet, new species, type from Kansas; 8, chiricahuensis, new species, type from Chiricahua Mountains, Ariz.; 9, elachistus, new species, type from Las Vegas, N. Mex.; 10, rugipennts, new species, from San José del Cabo, Baja California; 11, punctatissimus, new species, type from Arizona; 12, pallidulus, new species, from Texas (Knab collection); 13, convexus, new species, from Topeka, Kans. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 92 PLATE 6 FP ealustce -bivittatus(Lec) ark form 14.L d 2).Lnebrodes ( 22..monorhabdus 20.L.californicus Schffr. d BEETLES OF GENUS LUPERODES 14, L. bivittatus (LeConte), dark form from Chico, Calif.; 15, bivittatus, type from Fort Tejon, Calif., genitalia from specimen from Potwisha, Sequoia National Park, Calif.; 16, diegensis, new species, type from San Diego, Calif.; 17, melanolomatus, new species, from California; 18, favoniger, new species, type from El Toro, Orange County, Calif.; 19, tuberculatus, new species, type from Camp Baldy, Calif.; 20, californicus Schaeffer, from Kaweah, Calif.; 21, nebrodes, new species, type from Downings Ranch, Terrell County, Tex.; 22, monorhabdus, new species, type from Los Angeles County, Calif. PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 92 Washington : 1942 No. 3140 NOTES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE STAPHYLINID BEETLES OF THE GROUPS LISPINI AND OSORITNAE By Ricuarp E. BLAcKWELDER Two groups of Staphylinidae that have not seemed entirely satis- factory in our classification of the family Staphylinidae are the Lispini and the Osoriini. In each case there has been uncertainty as to the relationships, as shown by rather veiled suggestions that each is not entirely satisfactory where it has been placed. The group Lispini has been placed as a subtribe of the tribe Piestini or as a tribe (Lispinini) of the subfamily Piestinae. The Piestinae has not been found to be a homogeneous group and has been very difficult to define. In recent works this has led to the inclusion of the Piestinae in the Oxytelinae as the tribe Piestini, but in this position it merely adds to the heterogeneity of the Oxytelinae. The group Osoriinae has nearly always been placed in the Oxytelinae, usually as a tribe. It agrees with typical oxytelines in relatively few characters and adds to the difficulty of defining that group. During recent studies in the Piestinae it was found that the Pies- tinae can be separated into two groups by use of the character of the presence or absence of paratergites on the abdomen (abdomen margined or not). This appears to be a fundamental character. When it was recalled that the Osoriini may also be separated from the other Oxytelinae by the same character, it was obvious that a comparison of the two groups might lead to further discoveries. Examination of the Osoriinae and Piestinae shows that five groups are extremely similar in most respects of their morphology as well as in a certain constant appearance. These are the Lispimini, Lepto- chirini, Thoracophorini, Osoriini, and Eleusii. These form a relatively homogeneous group immediately recognizable by the complete absence 437827—42 75 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 of abdominal paratergites (margining). This character will dis- tinguish them at once from all other Staphylinidae (except possibly some of the highly specialized inquilines). The only character found that will distinguish the Osoriini from the other four groups is the presence of a transverse sulcus on the anteria coxa. It is therefore concluded that these groups must all be placed in one subfamily, which will properly be called the Osoriinae. This group has nothing to do with the Oxytelinae, and while at present it must be placed after that subfamily, future rearrangements in the family are certain to separate them widely. If this character of the coxal sulcus be used as the primary basis for dividing the subfamily, one gets two groups, the Osoriini and the remainder, the latter being separable on the closure of the coxal cavities into Leptochirini and Lispinini. These three tribes will then comprise the subfamily Osortinae. KEY TO TRIBES OF OSORIINAE 1. Anterior coxa conical, prominent, and with a transverse sulcus on anterior {iGO 3a. Fat. Sint Pe ae ee RE aes Syeies & Oh oi ahs fh OD Een ae OSORIINI Anterior coxa usually small, globose, never with a transverse sulcus_________ 2 2. Anteriorcoxal cavities. closed behinds 22-2 8.34. 22 se ae L®PTOCHIRINI Anterior ‘coxal ‘cavities ‘open behind - 2. 222 -t_ 232 eo ee LISPININI In the Lispinini there are two groups of genera that have been rather heterogeneous. In each group there were some genera having the anterior coxae separated by a spatulate process of the prosternum and some not. It seems certain that we are here dealing with a group in which similar appearance has arisen in several stocks. This paral- lelism is very confusing if only specifie characters or general facies are observed. However, the lumping of all these genera and then their initial segregation on the character of the separation of the anterior coxae gives us two groups that while somewhat heterogeneous in appearance are much more homogeneous structurally than those obtained by the previous method. This division of the groups seems to be an important one, and the character is more usable than that of the shape and size of the coxae, with which it is correlated. The use of this character of the separation of the coxae, along with the others, enables us to divide the tribe into five subtribes. KEY TO SUBTRIBES OF LISPININI 1. Anterior coxae separated by a flat process of prosternum____-__________---_- 4 Anterior coxae not separated (except sometimes narrowly under the coxae)___ 2 2: Pronotum/half as wide.at base asiapex 22 223s. te alee peer ELEUSII Pronotum notiso much narrowed: ati base! 222224 2s ae eS 3. Gular sutures widely divergent posteriorly__________._______ THORACOPHORI Gular sutures absent, united, or approximate throughout________ PARALISPINI 4. Head narrowed to a neck behind -________-_ 3g we Lae eee ee _.. CALOCERI Head not forming a neck_____....____- sea SS th tS eae on eee LISPINI NOTES ON STAPHYLINID BEETLES-—-BLACKWELDER 77 The relationships of these subtribes cannot be determined by their general appearance, since some Lispini are very similar to some Para- lispini; the Caloceri are somewhat like the Thoracophori; and some Paralispini are said to be similar to some Thoracophori. The actual classification based on species available is given later in this paper, and an outline is presented here: Subfamily OsoruNaE Tribe LIsPININI Subtribe LisPin1 Subtribe CALocERI Subtribe THoRACOPHORI Subtribe ELEeusii Subtribe PARALISPINI Tribe LeprocHiRINI Tribe OsoruNI The subtribes Lispini and Paralispini (together the subtribe Lispini of Bernhauer and Schubert) are the only ones of which a study of the genera has been attempted in this paper. In the Paralispini I recog- nize four generic names, Ischiopsaurus, Lispinodes, Neolispinus, and Paralispinus. Of Paralispinus I have seen several species, but of the other three genera no examples have been available. The original descriptions do mention the characters necessary to allow a reasonable assurance that the genera are properly placed here, but it has not been found practicable to write a useful key to these genera. The genus Paralispinus occurs throughout the world (at least the warmer parts), Neolispinus occurs in the Malay Peninsula, Lispinodes has been re- corded from the Indo-Malayan region, Hawaii (and South America), and Ischiopsaurus from Madagascar and the Philippine Islands. After the removal of the four genera to the Paralispini, the Lispini is left with three valid names, Holosus, Lispinus, and Pseudolispinodes. These three are all represented by series of species, but, since the con- ception of the genera is considerably changed here from that which was formerly available, many of the species must be shifted from one genus to another. In each of these genera several groups of species can be recognized and are herein named as seven new subgenera. KEY TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF LISPINI 1. Abdominal sternites with diagonal strigae_________---------------------- 2 Abdominal sternites without diagonal strigae_________(Pseudolispinodes)-__ 6 2. Hypomeron with an angulate raised line from posterior corner toward coxa and then toward front corner; epipleura of elytra broader than intercoxal PEOOEES OF GIT ORGERIVAINE 8 i 82 oe ee ke 2 BN (Holosus)_._ 3 Hypomeron with arcuate line marked at most by difference in sculpture; epipleura not broader even near base than intercoxal process_(Lispinus)-- 5 Ss. AMpleof ry pomeral line near coxa acute. 2-225 2-222. -222-Leis-2-2+2% 4 Angle of hypomeral line near coxa right or obtuse__-----~-- subg. Relinda 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 4. Pronotum strongly narrowed in front___--_--------------- subg. Holosus Pronotum distinctly narrowed behind_---_---_----------- subg. Neolosus 5. Pronotum with longitudinal depression along side from base__ subg. Lispinus Pronotum with abrupt fovea at side near basal third_-_-_-----_- subg. Spinilus 6. Integuments of head, pronotum, and elytra entirely impunctate, smooth, shining, fi) 4t.os!. soe iss ye ieee eee ashe sub seeds subg. Nacaeus Integuments of head, pronotum, and elytra more or less densely punctured or sculpiunedwe.4 2.54 = ate Ao fe See oe ee ee 7 7. Pronotum parallel or narrowed only in front_--------------- subg. Rumeba Pronotum narrowed behind, usually obviously_-_--2_-------------------- 8 8. Base of pronotum about three-fourths as wide as base of elytra; elytra and tergites without row of punctiform foveae--____- subg. Pseudolispinodes Base of pronotum not less than nine-tenths as wide as base of elytra; elytra with two and each tergite with one pair of punctiform foveae, all in line, those of tergites sometimes less evident__-/_--...---_------------=--:. 9 9. Femora very much enlarged; pronotum with two large punctiform foveae along (fONUUMaTOINe = seo. se oe eee eee ee subg. Liberiana Femora only moderately enlarged; pronotum without foveae along front MNOTOIN Eo oe ee ee ee subg. Liberiella The groups herein outlined are characterized in part below. Synonymy has been added to the genera with discussion of certain points. Subfamily OSORIINAE Antennae 1l-segmented, inserted under the anterior corners of the vertex, near the eyes; maxillary palpus 4-segmented, filiform; labial palpus 3-segmented; gular sutures united or closely approxi- mated at least in part (or absent); abdomen entirely without parater- gites; first and second abdominal sternites absent (Humalus has some trace of sclerotization). Tribe LIsPININI Anterior coxa usually small and globose, without a transverse sulcus on anterior face; anterior coxal cavities open behind. Remarks.—This tribe is homogeneous in most structural characters but is readily divided into five subtribes on less important features as well as by appearance. Of these five subtribes the Caloceri and Lispini form one group, while the Thoracophori, Eleusii, and Paralis- pini form another. Subtribe LISPINI Head not forming a neck; anterior coxae separated by a flat process of the prosternum; tarsi 5-segmented (sometimes indistinctly). Subtribe CALOCERI Head narrowed to a neck behind; anterior coxae separated by a flat process of the prosternum. NOTES ON STAPHYLINID BEETLES—-BLACKWELDER 79 Subtribe THORACOPHORI Anterior coxae not separated by a flat process of the prosternum; prosternum not greatly elongate; gular sutures widely divergent posteriorly. Subtribe ELEUSII Head usually margined behind the eyes above; gular sutures usually widely divergent posteriorly; pronotum very much narrowed at base; prosternum sometimes very much elongate; anterior coxae small and globose, not separated by a flat process of the prosternum; tarsi 5-segmented. Remarks.—This subtribe contains only Eleusis and EHumalus. Triga (Pseudeleusis) has the abdomen strongly margined and does not belong in this subfamily at all. Subtribe PARALISPINI Gular sutures absent, or approximate throughout; anterior coxae not separated by a flat process of the prosternum; tarsi 5-segmented (sometimes indistinctly). (See remarks above.) Tribe LEPTOCHIRINI Anterior coxa small and globose, without a transverse sulcus on the anterior face; anterior coxae separated by a flat process of the pro- sternum; anterior coxal cavities closed behind; tarsi 5-sezmented. Remarks.—This tribe is well marked and easily recognizable. It contains the genera Leptochirus, Borolinus, Priochirus, and Thora- cochirus, as well as 13 other names considered to represent subgenera. Tribe OSORIINI Anterior coxa conical and prominent, with a transverse sulcus on the anterior face; anterior coxae separated at the height of the sternum by a narrow process of the prosternum; tarsi 5-segmented. Genus PSEUDOLISPINODES Bernhauer Pseudolispinodes BERNHAUER, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 31, p. 258, 1926. Diagnosis.—Having the characters listed above for the subfamily Osoriinae, the tribe Lispinini, and the subtribe Lispini; pronotum more or less narrowed behind; abdominal sternites without diagonal strigae. Remarks.—This genus was erected for three species from the Philippines (longipennis, latiusculus, and sinuatus) and one from East 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 India (madurensis). Both stnuatus and madurensis were originally described in the genus Holosus. In the Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums in 1929 (vol. 14, p. 438) Cameron added a new species from the Malay Penin- sula (selangorensis), and in 1930 in the Fauna of British India (Staphylinidae, vol. 1, p. 66) he transferred bistriatus Fauvel of the Indo-Malayan region from Lispinodes and placed madurensis Bern- hauer asa synonym. Of these six names, representatives of maduren- sis, sinuatus, selangorensis, and bistriatus are available for study. Under the present definition of the genera of this tribe, longipennis, sinuatus, and bistriatus are definitely not Pseudolispinodes and should be transferred to Lispinus. In the case of madurensis there have apparently been some errors and surely some uncertainty. The following review may justify the conclusion I have reached at this time: 1914. Holosus madurensis (Bernhauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 64, p. 83), described by comparison with Holosus sinwatus Bernhauer from one example from ‘‘Chambaganoor (Madura, Ostindien).’’ 1915. Lispinus madurensis (Bernhauer, Ent. Blatter, vol. 11, p. 251), described by comparison with Lispinus impressicollis Motschulsky, from one example from ‘‘Chambaganoor (Madura, Siidindien).”’ 1933. In the Coleopterorum Catalogus (pars 129) Scheerpeltz (following Cameron in the Fauna of British India) listed these species as follows (pp. 1010 and 1015, respectively) : Pseudolispinodes bistriatus Fauvel, 1895 (syn. madurensis Bernhauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 64, p. 83, 1914). From “O,. Ind.: Burma, Madura, Sikkim; Indo-China, Philippines, Sumatra.” Lispinus madurensis Bernhauer, Ent. Blatter, vol. 11, p. 251, 1915. From “‘O. Ind.: Nilgiri-Hills, Madura.” It was assumed both by Cameron and by Scheerpeltz that the two species were distinct and that they belonged in different genera. Cameron recorded that he had seen the type of Lispinus madurensis Bernhauer, 1915, but not of the other. 1942. Specimens labeled Lispinus madurensis Bernhauer from the Nilgiri Hills (identified by Dr. Cameron) are in both the Baker collection in the U. S. National Museum and in my own collection. (1) These specimens belong to Pseudolispinodes as herein defined, (2) They agree closely with Bernhauer’s comparison of madurensis and sinuatus (1914), (3) They agree closely with Bernhauer’s comparison of madurensis and impressicollis (1915), (4) They are quite distinct from bistriatus from several collections (including several identifications by Dr. Cameron). From these facts I conclude that Bernhauer described his one Chambaganoor specimen twice as a new species, placing it in two distinct genera. Cameron saw the specimen with the later label of Lispinus madurensis, recognized more specimens in his own material from Nilgiri Hills, and then surmised that the unseen Holosus (by NOTES ON STAPHYLINID BEETLES—BLACKWELDER 81 that time Pseudolispinodes) madurensis was identical with bistriatus. The synonymy of these names should be as follows: LISPINUS BISTRIATUS (Fauvel) Lispinodes bistriatus FauvEL, Rev. d’Ent., vol. 14, p. 185, 1895. Pseudolispinodes bistriatus (Fauvel) Cameron, Fauna of British India, Staphy- linidae, vol. 1, p. 66, 1930. PSEUDOLISPINODES MADURENSIS (Bernhauer) Holosus madurensis BERNHAUER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 64, p. 83, 1914.—CameEron, Fauna of British India, Staphylinidae, vol. 1, p. 59, 1930 (as synonym of bistriatus). Lispinus madurensis BERNHAUER, Ent. Blatter, vol. 11, p. 251, 1915 (as a new species).—CaMERON, Fauna of British India, Staphylinidae, vol. 1, p. 59, 1930. Pseudolispinodes madurensis (Bernhauer, 1915) Cameron, Fauna of British India, Staphylinidae, vol. 1, p. 59, 1930 (as synonym of bistriatus).—BERN- HAUER, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 31, p. 260, 1926. From examination of specimens available in the U. 5S. National Museum IJ am able to transfer to this genus 22 additional species, all of which were previously included in Lispinus or Paralispinus. Certain of these can be immediately recognized by a peculiar habitus and stand out from all the rest. They are here segregated as five subgenera: Subgenus PSEUDOLISPINODES sensu stricto Diagnosis —Having the characters listed above for the genus Pseudolispinodes; integuments punctured or sculptured, not entirely smooth; pronotum distinctly narrowed behind, much narrower at base of elytra, without anterior submarginal foveae; elytra and abdominal sternites without rows of punctiform foveae; femora not or only moderately enlarged. Remarks.—This subgenus is probably a large one. I have seen 23 species belonging to it, all of which are very similar in appearance as well as in structure. LIBERIELLA, new subgenus Genotype.—Pseudolispinodes (Liberiella) cooki, new species (see p. 86). Diagnosis.—Having the characters listed above for the genus Pseudolispinodes; pronotum scarcely narrowed behind, only slightly narrower at base than elytra; elytra and abdominal sternites with a row of punctiform foveae, sometimes obsolescent on the abdomen; femora only moderately enlarged. Remarks.—¥Four species from Africa appear to form an isolated group in Pseudolispinodes, distinguished by the form of the pronotum which imparts a distinctive appearance. Three of these species are 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 undescribed; the fourth (aethiops Eppelsheim) is known to me only from one specimen, without locality data. Rather than base a genus on a possible misidentification, I base it on one of the supposedly new species from Liberia (see description, p. 86) and list aethiops and the other two (undescribed) species as congeneric. LIBERIANA, new subgenus Genotype.—Pseudolispinodes (Iiberiana) femoralis, new species (see p. 86). Diagnosis.—Having the characters listed above for the genus Pseudolispinodes; pronotum only moderately narrowed behind, about one-tenth narrower at base than base of elytra; pronotum with two anterior submarginal foveae; elytra and abdominal tergites with a row of large punctiform foveae; femora very much enlarged (especially the posterior, which is one-fourth as broad as long). Remarks.—Two species from Liberia are assigned to this subgenus. (One of these is described below, p. 86). They differ from the other subgenera in the enlargement of the femora and in the peculiar arrangement of the punctiform foveae of the elytra and abdomen. RUMEBA, new subgenus Genotype.—Pseudolispinodes (Rumeba) lispinoides, new species (see p. 87). Diagnosis —Having the characters listed above for the genus Pseudolispinodes; integuments punctured or sculptured, not entirely smooth; pronotum parallel or narrowed only in front. Remarks.—This subgenus differs considerably from Pseudolispinodes in appearance, principally because of the shape of the pronotum and the generally greater convexity of the body. It is represented by a single species from Liberia described on page 87. NACAEUS, new subgenus Genotype.—Pscudolispinodes (Nacaeus) planellus (Sharp). Diagnosis.—Having the characters listed above for the genus Pseudolispinodes; body very depressed and slender; integuments un- usually shining smooth; each elytron with a single large discal puncture. Remarks.—This subgenus is distinguished more by its appearance than by characters of morphology. It is similar to Pseudolispinodes except for the complete lack of sculpture, its narrow depressed form, and the rotund shape of the head. It is represented before me by two species, of which one is undescribed. P. (N.) planellus (Sharp) occurs in Central America, central Africa, Singapore, and the Philip- pine Islands. The Oriental specimens were identified as Paralispinus NOTES ON STAPHYLINID BEETLES—BLACKWELDER 83 nitidissimus Bernhauer by Bernhauer, but I am unable to distinguish them from Panama examples of planellus. Examples in the Baker collection identified by Dr. Cameron as Paralispinus exiguus Erichson are quite distinct from that species (and genus) as it occurs at the type locality (Puerto Rico). Genus LISPINUS Erichson Lispinus Ertcuson, Genera et species Staphylinorum, p. 828, 1840. Diagnosis.—Having the characters listed above for the subfamily Osoriinae, the tribe Lispinini, and the subtribe Lispini; gular sutures usually present, sometimes merely as pits; hypomeron with a raised line, which forms a right or obtuse angle near the front coxa; cavity of the mesosternum feeble with sides not elevated; abdominal sternites with diagonal strigae, which are sometimes not completely separate from the coarse punctures. Remarks.—The removal to Pseudolispinodes of the species not hav- ing diagonal strigae on the sternites, to Holosus of those having an acute hypomeral angle, to Relinda of those having a modified meso- sternum, and to Paralispinus of those with contiguous anterior coxae leaves in Lispinus a homogeneous series of species, of which each agrees closely with the genotype in structural characters, This series can be separated into two groups by the structure of the pro- notum. The 18 species that I have examined and am placing in this genus have previously been placed there with the exception of b- striatus Fauvel, longipennis Cameron, and sinuatus Bernhauer, which were described and cataloged in Lispinodes and Holosus. This will probably still be a fairly large genus when all the foreign elements have been removed from it. Subgenus LISPINUS sensu stricto Diagnosis—Having the characters listed above for the genus Lispinus; pronotum scarcely narrower at base than base of elytra; side of pronotum with a longitudinal fovea from base. Remarks.—The typical subgenus will undoubtedly contain most of the species assigned to this genus. I have seen 16 species, which differ only slightly in appearance and not appreciably in structure. SPINILUS, new subgenus Genotype.—Lispinus (Spinilus) bisiriatus (Fauvel) (see p. 81). Diagnosis.—Having the characters listed above for the genus Lispinus; pronotum much narrower at base than base of elytra; side of pronotum with an abrupt fovea near basal third instead of the usual longitudinal depression. 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 Remarks.—This subgenus is erected for two species from the Orient (bistriatus and sinuatus), which have an unusually strongly narrowed pronotum and a different type of lateral fovea. They are readily distinguished from Lispinus sensu stricto. Genus HOLOSUS Motschulsky Holosus Motscuusky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. 30, p. 496, 1857. Diagnosis.—Having the characters listed above for the subfamily Osoriinae, the tribe Lispinini, and thesubtribe Lispini; pronotum broad, strongly narrowed in front or behind; hypomeron with a raised line forming an angle near the front coxa; abdominal sternites with diagonal strigae. Remarks.—This genus was originally described for five new species thought to be related to Lispinus and Holotrochus but distinguished by the body shape, which is broader and more like that of certain Tachyporinae. All five of these species were described as having the diagonal strigae on the abdominal sternites. Most of the species subsequently assigned to the genus had these diagonal strigae, but many species of Lispinus also had that character, and the two genera have been separated principally on the rather unsatisfactory differ- ence in their shape. I have found that some of the original species of Holosus (tachini- formis, mycetoporiformis, and olisthaeriformis) differ from one of the others in having the raised line on the hypomeron (the deflexed portion of the pronotum) enclosing a much larger and more transverse area, the angle of this line nearest to the coxa being distinctly acute, whereas in tachyporiformis it is right or obtuse. For the latter I am proposing the subgenus Neolosus, but the first group contains two very different pronotal types. H. tachiniformis has the pronotum transverse and strongly narrowed in front and is placed in the subgenus Holosus sensu stricto. H. mycetoporiformis and olisthaervformis have the pronotum narrowed behind with the sides emarginate and are placed in the new subgenus Relinda. I have seen only six species that can be retained in this genus as here defined. Subgenus HOLOSUS sensu stricto Diagnosis.—Having the characters listed above for the genus Holosus; pronotum not transversely impressed before base, strongly narrowed in front; hypomeron with a raised line forming an acute angle near the front coxa and enclosing a large and nearly transverse area. Remarks.—This subgenus has a very distinctive form. It probably includes all the species that might be described as navicular, those NOTES ON STAPHYLINID BEETLES—BLACKWELDER 85 which depart most widely from the more general slender form of this tribe. I have seen only two species that belong here, H. tachini- formis and H. navicularis Cameron. NEOLOSUS, new subgenus Genotype.—Holosus (Neolosus) tachyporiformis Motschulsky. Diagnosis.—Having the characters listed above for the genus Holosus; general form similar to subgenus Relinda; pronotum dis- tinctly narrowed behind, transversely impressed before base; hypom- eral line distinct but enclosing a longitudinal area, and with the angle near the coxa right or obtuse (and somewhat rounded). Remarks.—Holosus tachyporiformis Motschulsky and H. insularis Fauvel differ so much from H. tachiniformis Motschulsky in the shape of the pronotum that I separate them under this name. Their form is rather similar to that of the other new subgenus Relinda. from which they differ in the hypomeral angles being not acute. RELINDA, new subgenus Genotype.—Holosus (Relinda) mycetoporiformis Motschulsky. Diagnosis.—Having the characters listed above for the genus Holosus; hypomeron with a raised line forming a right or obtuse angle near the front coxa; mesosternum with a cavity with abruptly elevated sides for the reception of the tip of the prosternum. Remarks.—This subgenus is proposed for the inclusion of two species of Holosus (olisthaeriformis and mycetoporiformis) that differ struc- turally from the types of Holosus sensu stricto and Neolosus, although having an appearance much like the species of Neoiosus. Genus PARALISPINUS Bernhauer Ancaeus FauveEt, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, vol. 9, p. 60, 1865 (not Risso, 1816). Paralispinus BERNHAUER, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1921, p. 67 (as a new name). Remarks.—This genus is included here because it has almost invari- ably been confused with Lispinus or Pseudolispinodes. It was founded by Fauvel for a single species from Mexico (megacephalus), of which I have three examples from Guatemala and one fragmentary specimen from Costa Rica. Sharp, in the Biologia Centrali-Ameri- cana, recognized the unusual structure of the prosternum and anterior coxae, and the segregation of this genus (and certain others) on this character aids greatly in the study of the Lispinini (the Lispini of most writers). I have examined six species that must at present be placed in this genus. hese all occur in the Western Hemisphere with the excep- tion of an undescribed species from central Africa. P. exiguus 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 Erichson is recorded from India, Ceylon, Assam, Singapore, New Guinea, and the Hawaiian Islands, as well as from the Americas, but examples from Singapore identified by Dr. Cameron are certainly Pseudolispinodes (subgenus Nacaeus). Whether the species actually occurs outside the New World I am unable to determine at present. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES PSEUDOLISPINODES (LIBERIELLA) COOKI, new species Description.—Rufous, sometimes picescent in part. Head broadly | rounded in front, a trifle broader behind the eyes, which are very © feebly prominent; clypeus with a distinct marginal bead, which © fades out at front of eye; with fine punctures separated by two to four times their diameter and with dense but fine scaly ground sculpture. Pronotum about one-fourth wider than long, widest about middle, nearly straight and feebly converging posteriorly, feebly arcuate and rather indefinitely narrowed in front; feebly impressed at posterior angles, the depression extending about to middle; without foveae on front margin; punctures a little coarser than on head, separated by two to three times their diameters, without larger punctures; with obsolescent longitudinal ground sculpture. Elytra at base as wide as base of pronotum, expanded to apical third; without obvious fovea inside humeral callus; with punctures finer than on head but slightly elongate, separated by two to four times their diameter; ground sculpture as on pronotum but a little more distinct; with a median discal punctiform fovea, excavated behind, at basal third and another subapical. Abdomen punctured as elytra but less distinctly; ground sculpture scaly, more evident basally; a pair of punctiform foveae on each tergite at basal third, separated by one-third of width. Length, 2% to 3 mm. Types.—Holotype and nine paratypes (U. S. N. M. No. 52590), collected at Mount Coffee, Liberia, in March 1897 by Dr. O. F. Cook. PSEUDOLISPINODES (LIBERIANA) FEMORALIS, new species Description —Piceorufous. Head broadly rounded in front, a trifle broader behind the eyes which are only moderately prominent; clypeus with a rather coarse marginal bead, which disappears at front of eye; feebly biimpressed between the antennal prominences; with fine punctures separated by two to three times their diameter but almost completely obscured by very coarse strigulose ground sculpture, which is not scaly but somewhat tortuous; with dense scaly sculpture behind the eyes. NOTES ON STAPHYLINID BEETLES—-BLACKWELDER 87 Pronotum scarcely measurably wider than long, widest at anterior third, sides feebly rounded to front angles, abruptly but feebly con- verging behind from basal third; with well-defined fovea at basal angle extending almost to middle; disk flattened along middle; with two anterior submarginal foveae formed of posteriorly excavated punctures, and with a pair of large punctures correspondingly on the posterior margin; punctures a little coarser than on head, not so much obscured by the sculpture, which is less dense. Elytra at base less than one-twelfth wider than base of pronotum, very feebly expanded to apical fourth; with very obtuse rounded fovea inside humeral callus; punctures finer than on head but equally obscured by the coarse and more regular strigulose ground sculpture; with a median discal punctiform fovea at basal third and another at apical sixth. Abdomen with punctures of indeterminate size, more or less exca- vated behind, with traces of scaly ground sculpture inside the excava- tions: each tergite with a pair of large excavated foveae anteriorly, separated by one-third of the width (and others at sides and under- neath). Length, 6 to 7 mm. Types—Holotype and two paratypes (U. S. N. M. No. 52589) collected at Mount Coffee, Liberia, in February and March 1895 by Dr. O. F.'Cook: PSEUDOLISPINODES (RUMEBA) LISPINOIDES, new species Description—Rufous. Head broadly arcuately truncate in front, a trifle wider behind the eyes, which are only slightly prominent: anterior margin finely beaded and extended as a ridge over the eye: almost entirely without prominences or depressions: with fine but somewhat irregular-sized punctures separated by two to four times their diameter; with ground sculpture obsolescent except at sides. Pronotum three-fourths as long as wide, widest near middle, feebly narrowed behind with sides straight, feebly narrowed in front with sides feebly arcuate; depressed near hind angles but without distinct fovea or groove; disk not flattened; punctures as on head or more irregular, sometimes slightly elongate; without evident ground sculpture. Elytra scarcely wider at base than base of pronotum, feebly ex- panded to middle half, which is parallel-sided; base without foveae; sutural band not abruptly elevated though distinct; punctures shallow, a little less distinct than on pronotum and a little sparser; ground sculpture obsolete. Abdomen with punctures obsolete; scaly sculpture distinct at base of each tergite, obsolescent toward apex. Length, 244 mm. 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 Types.—Holotype and six paratypes (U. S. N. M. No. 52588), collected at Mount Coffee, Liberia, in February 1897, March 1895, and April 1894 by Dr. O. F. Cook. One paratype from Monrovia, Liberia, February 1895. GENOTYPES OF THE LISPININI Ancaeus Fvl., A. megacephalus Fvl. (monobasic). Aneucamptus Shp., Thoracophorus excisicollis Mots. = a, c, Plasticine surfaces impressed with scored bone implements U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 92> PEATEs9 s to those on lower edge of b, a Mandan sherd. ing larity of marki ote sim1 lement. N 1 h scored bone imp It ssed w surface impre sticine; a, Pla U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 92 PLATE 10 Scored bone artifacts from various sites in Kansas Gaps N ebraska (a, d, ¢), and South Dakota (b, ¢). Length of ¢. 1314 inches. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. P)E Aue si es. nn Seg ; / ' / Scored bone artifacts from sites in Kansas and Nebraska (bd) Leneth of a, 111% inches U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM b implements with notched edge S from Kansas 834 inches. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 92 PLATE 12 (qQ) and Nebraska. Length of a, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROGEEDINGS, VOL. 92 PLATE 13 a, b, Paddle-marked potsherds collected by Hayden on Beaver Creek, near Genoa, Nebr.; c, paddle-marked Mandan rimsherd from North Dakota. PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 92 Washington : 1942 No. 3142 THE IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELID WORMS IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM By Orea Harrman THis paper embodies the results of some weeks of study of a portion of the annelid collection of the United States National Mu- seum. I am indebted to the authorities of the Museum and to Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, curator of the division of marine invertebrates, for making this material and the necessary facilities available to me. I am deeply grateful to the American Association of University Women for a financial grant that made it possible for me to under- take an examination of the types of many specimens of marine an- nelids of the New World in the United States and abroad. The list of specimens reported on at this time comprises 50 species, alphabetically listed below and followed by the name herein accepted and the page where my discussion of it appears. Ammotrypane fimbriata Verrill_...-._---- Fld CUNOGESR 28 a SS p. 128 Arabella iridescens Treadwell__.__.--_-_-- Al siptlesCem a) oe ae EIS p. 124 Audouinea oculata Treadwell___________- Curiyjorminyeneng.<. =... p. 127 Branchiomma circumspectum Moore------ Megalomma circumspectum__-- p. 133 Cyraiulus tens Vernill..<-5 OC NOGATIA Ree aa eae ee p. 126 Cirratulus tenuis Webster__------------- Cirriformia capillaris__.- ~~~ -- p. 128 Eteone trilineata Webster and Benedict__- E. trilineata_______..-.--___- p. 113 Eulalia maculosa Webster_-_------------ Eumida sanguinea___------_- p: 112 Bwmidia vida’ VerriNe. 222222. L222. Palatia oiridis_ 25561). S212 p. 112 Eupholoé acuminata Treadwell_______--__- Psammolyce flava___--------- p. 108 Eupholoé cirrata Treadwell______-------- eanira hysizicis. - ko p. 105 Harmopsides natans Chamberlin-_-_--_----- Lepidasthenia natans___--__-- p. 102 Hemipodus mexicanus Chamberlin - - ----- Glycera mexicana...--------- p. 126 440948—42—__1 101 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE! NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 Hypsicomus purpureus Treadwell__------ H. circumspiciens__---------- p. 133 Jasminiera ecaudata Moore_--.---------- Choneecaudata: 2222-2225 25 p. 135 Laonome punctata Treadwell_----------- Sabellastarte indica__-_-_---_- p. 132 Laranda robusta Moore: ---.---=-=£_2324 Dritlonereis robusta._.----.--- p.125 Leanira robusta Verrill__-..--.--~-------- We WrAvUSED SL 8 eee ae p. 104 Lumbriconereis acuta Verrill_.----------- Lumbrineris acuta_.-.---.--- p. 114 Lumbriconereis bilabiata Treadwell_---_-_-- Lumbrineris bilabiata__------- p. 120 Tumbriconerets erecta... 42-2 Lumbrineris erecta__...------- p. 120 Lumbriconereis grandis Treadwell_-_-_----- Lumbrineris grandis...-__-__- p. 114 Lumbriconereis heteropoda Marenzeller___. Lumbrineris heteropoda- -.-.---- p. 121 Lumbriconereis maculata Treadwell_------ Lumbrineris maculata_-—__----- p. 119 Lumbriconereis minuscula Moore (part)... Lumbrineris moorei, new spe- p. 116 cies. Lumbriconereis minuta Treadwell - ------- Lumbrineris minuscula - - -- ~~ - p. 116 Lumbriconereis parva-pedata Treadwell... Lumbrineris parva-pedata_-__- p. 118 Lumbriconereis tenuis Verrill (part) -_--_- Arabella tricolor. 22-22. p. 124 Lumbriconereis zonata Johnson_--------- Lumbrineris zonata._.------- p. 123 Lumbrinereis elongata Treadwell--------- Lumbrineris parva-pedata _ _- -- p. 118 Maldane filijera: Verrill. 0. oo ee Petaloproctus filifer_.....____- p. 131 Nephthys circinata Verrill_--..---------- Nephtys macroura._......---- p. 113 Notaulax mucronata Moore_------------- Potamethus mucronatus___---- p. 134 Notocirrus zonata Moore._..------------ Arabella:zonatas. 2025 2 eee p. 125 Ophelia denticulaia Verrill__......-_2-=_- Ophelia lamacina2. = fee p. 130 Ophelina agtits Andrews_--------------- ATMANdLanaguises = ae ee p. 129 Ophelina maculata Webster_------------- Armandia maculata______-_-- p. 129 Phyllodoce arenae Webster_------------- Anaitides catenula...._.___-- p. 109 Phyllodoce catenula Verrill__---.--------- Anaitides catenula__..._.__-- p. 109 Phyllodoce fragilis Webster_------------- Psfragilis yan 5 ee ee Oe p. 111 Phyllodoce magnaoculata Treadwell__-_--~-- P. magnaeculata... -—4742 2 38 p. 110 Polynoé alba Treadwell__.---.---------- Lepidasthenia alba___-.-_---- p. 103 Polynoé lucida Treadwell___--.---------- Lepidasthenia alba__.....---- p. 103 Potamilla californica Treadwell____-_---- Fay nsicomus spi ole: St ee p. 133 Potamilla elongata Treadwell_...---_---- Potamethus elongatus___.___-- p. 134 Praczillura ornata Verrill......-2-2=<:=:- PS Orne to See 3. We p. 131 Rhodine bitorquata Moore__------------- de YORLOT GUMS = aie ee p. 132 Sabella picta Verrill___.------- rea ho i i Chone infundibuliformis_-_-_-_-- p. 1386 Sthenelais grubet Treadwell__--..-_------ Leanira gruves 22252 Vests San p. 106 Sthenelais tertiaglabra Moore_--_--------- Sirariteulata [2 SIH ws p. 107 Family POLYNOIDAE Genus LEPIDASTHENIA Malmgren LEPIDASTHENIA NATANS (Chamberlin) Harmopsides natans CHAMBERLIN, 1919, p. 48 (U.S.N.M. No. 19718; off Peru). There are numerous immature, more or less translucent specimens from Peru, Central America, and west toward Easter Island. The number of segments varies from 20 to 44. The largest (type) is in two pieces, an anterior end of 17 setigers and a posterior one of 27 setigers, representing perhaps an entire individual; if complete, ely- IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 103 trophores occur on segments 2, 4,5, 7,9 * * * 23, 26, 29, 32, 34, 37, 40, 43, a total of 19 pairs. All elytra except the last have been lost; they are tiny, nearly circular, translucent white, with entire margin. The first segment is provided with long dorsal and ventral cirri; the former extend forward about as far as the long palpi; the ven- trals are somewhat shorter. In addition to a stout, pointed aciculum, two (or 3 or 4) stout, blunt, yellow setae project from the para- podium. The second segment has a slender, tapering, notoacicular lobe but no setae; this is typical of more posterior parapodia. The neuropodium has a long, triangular, presetal lobe, from which the aciculum extends, and a very much shorter, postsetal lobe. Neuro- podia on segments 4 to 14 have a unique modification consisting of an expanded, glandular area ventral to the triangular acicular lobe; it extends to the ventral face of the parapodium. This structure is large, conspicuous on segments 4 to 8 and gradually diminishes in size to the fourteenth segment. Dorsal cirri are long throughout, extending far beyond the parapodial lobes, but are shorter than the longest setae. Ventral cirri are slender, tapering, and inserted near the place where the ventralmost setae emerge. Neurosetae are of two intergrading kinds, including (1) more nu- merous long, slender setae with many relatively coarse, widely spaced teeth on the outer side, tapering distally and ending in a fine, bifid tip, and (2) 7 or 8 shorter, coarser, inferior setae with a shorter serrated region, and ending in a coarser bifid tip. In these respects it agrees with Z. maculata Potts (1910, p. 344) originally described from Zanzibar. The monotypic genus, Harmopsides Chamberlin, was originally separated from Lepidasthenia because it was thought to have fewer elytra; since, however, the collection consists of only immature in- dividuals, this character has no real significance. Monro (19387, p. 262) suggested that this might represent a juvenile stage of Z. macu- lata Potts. In the latter, however, no mention has been made of glandular areas on segments 4 to 14, such as are present in Z. natans. In other respects they agree rather well. LEPIDASTHENIA ALBA (Treadwell) Polynoé alba TREADWELL, 1906, p. 1149 (U.S.N.M. No. 5201; Honolulu). Polynoé lucida TreaApWELL, 1906, p. 1150 (U.S.N.M. No. 5202; off Hawaii). Lepidasthenia alba HarTMANn, 1938a, p. 114. I have again examined the types of P. alba and P. lucida and must conclude that they represent the same species. Earlier (1938a, p. 114) I referred them both to Lepidasthenia but separated them on the proportionate lengths of parapodia and the relative lengths 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE) NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 of their free parts. Both of these characters are perhaps the result of accidental fixation. Their resemblances to each other are far more striking. Both have the same well-rounded, nuchal lobe cover- ing the posterior part of the prostomium; the first segment lacks projecting setae or acicula; in both setal structures and prostomial parts are identical. Both have beadlike rows of small papillations, disposed transversely across the dorsum of the first few segments, most numerous over the dorsal bases of the parapodia. Both have similar papillations across the ventrum between the base of the ventral cirri and the body wall. A similar condition has been de- scribed for Z. longicirrata Berkeley (1923, p. 214). The notopodium is represented only by a short, papillar lobe. The ventral cirrus is inserted on the proximal half of the neuropodial base. Superior and inferior neurosetae resemble one another; the serrated region is short. Nephridial papillae are short and inconspicuous. L. alba is known only from Hawaii. Family SIGALIONIDAE Genus LEANIRA Kinberg LEANIRA ROBUSTA Verrill FIcurE 8, @ Leanira robusta VrERRILL, 1881, pl. 14, fig. 10 [fig. only]; 1885a, p. 426; 1885b, pl. 40, fig. 175 [fig. only] (U.S.N.M. No. 10320; off Newport, Rhode Island). The prostomium is trapezoidal, about one and one-half times as wide as long. There are four eye spots, weakly visible, deeply embedded in the anterior half of the lobe. The median antennal base lacks ctenidia. Its appendage is short, less than the prostomial length. Paired prostomial antennae are about as large, inserted on the dorsal base of the first setiger. The first parapodium is directed forward, most of it lying ventral to the prostomium; it is both shorter and smaller than the second, which is also directed forward. The first setiger has a ventral cirrus less than half as large as the dorsal cirrus and two or three slender, cirriform fringes inserted between the dorsal cirrus and the dorsal paired prostomial antennae. The third segment is well developed, not at all fused with the preced- ing segment; it is plain dorsally, without either cirrus or elytrophore. Throughout, both branches of parapodia have conspicuous fringing papillae on both anterior and posterior faces. Elytra are smooth, white, with entire margin, without fringe or papillae, but from the third with a lateral incision (fig. 8, a). The first pair is small, subcircular, Ieaving exposed the prostomial ap- pendages and the first and second parapodial lobes; they overlap one another only slightly in the median line. From the twenty-seventh IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 105 segment elytra occur on all segments. Elytral cirri have ctenidia on their ventral face, but parapodia lack them. Simple spinose setae are present from at least the twentieth seg- ment to the end, but nowhere conspicuous. In more anterior segments their presence could not be verified because many of the setae have been broken off. Larger neurosetae are composite, with canaliculate, pointed appendage; the shaft is smooth and straight. All composite setae In a parapodium resemble one another except that ventrally they are much finer. g é h Ficure 8.—Species of Leanrra, AnartipEs, Eumipa, and PsamMMotyce (enlarged) a, Leanira robusta (U.S.N.M. No. 10320): Elytrum from seventh segment; incised edge marks outer lateral margin. b-e, Anaitides catenula: b, Anterior end in dorsal view; c, a far posterior parapodium; d, an anteromedian parapodium from widest region of body (U.S.N.M. No. 10153); é, a posterior parapodium (U.S.N.M. No. 481). , 2, Eumida sanguinea (U.S.N.M. No. 493): f, Outline of median parapodium; g, outline of posterior parapodium. h, Psammolyce flava (U.S.N.M. No. 20032): A composite neuropodial seta. The ventral surface of the body is smooth; ventral cirri are simple, cirriform. JZ. robusta is unique in having laterally incised elytra. It is known only from off Marthas Vineyard, Mass., in 100-126 fathoms. LEANIRA HYSTRICIS Ehlers Leanira hystricis Huters, 1875, p. 835; McIntosH, 1900, p. 434. Eupholoé cirrata TREADWELL, 1934, p. 5 (U.S.N.M. No. 20033; north of Puerto Rico, in 260 fathoms.) In the type of Lupholoé cirrata the prostomium is rounded, wider than Jong, without a median sulcus but with a depression where the median antenna is inserted. Its median antenna has a short base, without ctenidium. Eyes are lacking. The paired antennae are 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 inserted on the first segment, near the inner bases of the setal fas- cicles. Dorsal cirri are probably absent from all except the first segment. Parapodia are biramous, the fringing papillae especially long and numerous on notopodia throughout; they are present also on neuropodia but shorter and fewer. There are two small ctenidia on parapodia, one posterior to the insertion of the elytra, another at the posterodorsal face of the notopodium; they are largest on anterior segments and gradually get smaller and are not visible on posterior segments. Elytra are smooth, white, oval, with entire margin; those of a pair meet one another in the median line or are slightly overlapping. Elytral cirri are simple, cirriform, attached to the elytrophore, first present as a minute lobe on about the twenty-first segment, increas- ing in size more posteriorly. Notosetae are simple, slender; most are spinous along their free edge, some others are almost, or quite, smooth. Neurosetae are composite, the appendage canaliculate, terminating in a pointed tip. Eupholoé McIntosh (1885, p. 157) was originally defined as having elytra provided with lateral processes (much as in Psammolyce) and neurosetae distally falcate with a minute secondary tooth. £. cirrata has smooth elytra with entire margin, and canaliculate, pointed neurosetae, hence cannot be Hupholoé. It does not seem to be dis- tinguishable from Zeanira hystricis Ehlers. The latter was first described west off England and has since been reported in other parts of the Gulf Stream. It is a deep-water form. LEANIRA GRUBEI (Treadwell) Sthenelais grubei TreaDWELL, 1902, p. 187 (U.S.N.M. No. 15906; Mayaguez Harbor, Puerto Rico, in 12-18 fathoms). The prostomium is trapezoidal, with four eyes, the anterior ventral pair slightly visible in dorsal view, the posterior pair elongate oval, on the anterior third of the lobe. The median antenna is inserted on a stout ceratophore with auricular paired ctenidia at its base; its cirrus extends distally about as far as the setae of the first segment. The paired antennae are inserted on the first setiger; they are clavate in shape, constricted subapically and terminating in an elongate knob; they are about one-third as long as the style of the median antenna. The first setiger has long, slender dorsal cirri and similar, though shorter (less than half as long), ventral cirri; its setae are fine, simple, numerous. The second and third segments are more or less fused on the dorsal side, as typical of Leanira, first elytra arise from the sec- ond segment. The third segment has neither elytra nor dorsal cirrus but a small branchial rudiment. Simple, spinulose setae are present from the third, numbering only three to five in a fascicle. IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 107 The first elytra are broadly ellipsoid in outline, imbricated medially ; the margin is smooth except for a sparse fringe of short papillae. The second and third elytra are deeply excavate at their anterior edge and have a few short papillae at the outer margin. The fourth has a nearly straight, anterior margin and the lateral papillae a little longer. More posteriorly the elytra increase in size somewhat, are longer than wide, their anterior edge very slightly excavate, their outer lateral edge with a few slender fringes in a single row. Notosetae are simple, delicately transversely serrated. Neuropodia have three or four superior, simple, spinose setae, more numerous, stouter, composite setae in the circumacicular fascicle, and similar, though slenderer, setae in the linear series. Composite setae have a shaft that is slightly thickened distally, with a few coarse spines but no transverse serrations; the appendage is long and slender, tapering to a fine point, without canaliculae. There are no falciger- ous, composite setae, and none with bifid tip, such as characterize the genus Sthenelais; they differ from typical setae of Zeanira only in that the appendage is not canaliculate. Neuropodia of typical parapodia lack parapodial fringe except for two or three at the dorsal edge. Notopodia have a few longer papillae at the dorsoanterior distal edge. The ventral surface of the body is quite smooth; ventral cirri lack accessory fringe. Seg- ments three to eight have a small clavate papilla on the ventral face of the parapodium, a short distance from its origin at the body wall. This species is referred to Leanira because the composite setae terminate distally in a point; falcigerous setae are lacking, and segments two and three are more or less fused dorsally. Genus STHENELAIS Kinberg STHENELAIS ARTICULATA Kinberg Sthenelais articulata KInBrRG, 1855, p. 387; 1910, p. 28. Sthenelais tertiaglabra Moorr, 1910, p. 395 (U.S.N.M. No. 17108; southern California). Sthenelais hancocki HarTMAN, 19389, p. 65. The first parapodium is about as long as the second but somewhat stouter and directed straight forward. Its base is proportionately long. In addition to a long dorsal cirrus and a shorter ventral cirrus, it has paired prostomial antennae, inserted near the inner dorsal base of the superiormost setae, about two-thirds as long as the ventral cirrus, terminating in a small, elongate knob. Segments three to five have a small, clavate, accessory, ventral cirrus, inserted about midway between the main ventral cirrus and the body wall. The ventral surface is smooth. Parapodial lobes practically lack fringing papillae except in the first few segments, where they are 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 present at the distal ends of both podal lobes but not conspicuous. Simple spinose setae are present from the third setiger, numbering three to five in a parapodium, but nowhere conspicuous. The ap- pendage of heavier neuropodial setae tapers distally and terminates in a very fine, though distinctly bifid, tip, canaliculate along its length. There are one or two coarser setae with simple appendage, the tip bifid, the accessory tooth long, sheathlike. Elytra are translu- cent, with fringe on the outer margin, in a single row. Elytral spines are triangular, conical. The identity of S. articulata Kinberg, from Rio de Janeiro, with S. tertiaglabra and S. hancocki (both from southern California) was not suspected until the type of the first was reexamined. This was made possible through the courtesy of Prof. Sixten Bock, of the Swedish State Museum. The characteristic neuropodial setae and conical elytral spines are unique features of this species. Genus PSAMMOLYCE Kinberg PSAMMOLYCE FLAVA Kinberg FIaure 8, h Psammolyce flava KINBERG, 1855, p. 388; 1910, p. 31. Eupholoé acuminata TREADWELL, 1934, p. 3 (U.S.N.M. No. 20032; off Puerto Rico). The prostomium has a stout median antenna and four minute eye spots embedded in the anterior frontal portion of the lobe. The paired ventral eyes are larger but can be seen only by pushing aside the median antennal base. Paired antennae are tiny, inconspicuous, and inserted near the inner bases of the first setiger. The median antenna is long and slender and extends distally as far as the setae of the first segment but is surpassed by the long, smooth palpi. Parapodia are biramous, with conspicuous, flangelike ctenidia on the dorsal face of notopodia. The third segment has a slender, short cirrophore and a short elytral cirrus immediately ventral to it. A style is no more present. Elytral cirri are present from the second segment, on the outer base of the elytrophore. Elytra are subovate, without lateral processes, but with fringe on all except the anterior margin; most of the dorsal surface is encrusted with fine white sand or shell particles, except where overlain by the preceding elytrum. Notosetae are slender, in full spreading fascicles, delicately spinous. Neurosetae are much coarser, fewer; all resemble one another except that the ventralmost are smaller and finer. They have an oblique, articulating surface; the appendage terminates in a tapering tip in which the distal end is bifurcated for a distance nearly half the length of the appendage (fig. 8, A). This condition is seemingly natural, not a result of breakage, since it has been observed on all neurosetae that were carefully examined. The shaft is nearly IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 109 smooth. In far anterior segments the neurosetae have a longer appendage, the shaft is similar or somewhat roughened. The middorsal portions of the body segments, between the dorsal parapodial bases, have three stalked, clavate papillae in a transverse row, to which foreign particles adhere. Another specimen labeled “Hupholoe acuminata” comes from lati- tude 18°30’30’’ N., longitude 66°23’5’” W., in only 40 fathoms. This is also a Psammolyce but differs from the preceding and is believed to represent perhaps an undescribed form. Its elytra have conspicu- ous inner processes, consisting typically of a larger, subcircular lobe at the inner, anterior edge, and three much smaller, elongate lobes along the posterior margin of the elytrum. The four prostomial eyes are dark and conspicuous, the ventral pair being at the sides of the prostomium, readily seen in lateral and frontal views; the dorsal pair are at the sides of the median antennal base. The median antennal style is long and slender but surpassed in length by the setae of the first segment. Paired antennae are inserted on the first setiger, the style about one-third as long as that of the median style. Neurosetae are stout, the shaft transversely serrated, the appendage thick, faleate, the tip entire, blunt, slightly recurved. The same species is represented in the National collections by another specimen labeled “Ps. ridiga. No. 15954. Fish Hawk Sta. 6062. Mayaguez Harbor, in 25-30 fms.” Eupholoé acuminata must be referred to P. flava Kinberg with which it agrees fully. Family PHYLLODOCIDAE Genus ANAITIDES Czerniawsky ANAITIDES CATENULA (Verrill) Ficure 8, b-e Phyllodoce catenula VERRILL, 1873, p. 587 (U.S.N.M. No. 10153; Vineyard Sound, Mass.) ; 1874, p. 39. Phyllodoce arenae WEBSTER, 1879, p. 105 (U.S.N.M. No. 481; New Jersey). There is a single specimen, labeled Phyllodoce catenula, with pro- boscis withdrawn; it is so coiled and twisted that its length is not easily determinable. The proportions are about as stated by Verrill (75 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide) ; hence this is a moderately long, slender species. The prostomial lobe is longer than broad, widest near its middle (fig. 8, 6) just anterior to the two large, dark eyes; the pos- terior margin is cleft, with a nuchal papilla that is somewhat con- cealed by the overhanging lobes. The first segment is dorsally reduced, the second and third segments are free from one another. 44094849 2 110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 Tentacular cirri are long, slender, tapering; the longest reaches back to the eighth or ninth segment. Dorsal cirri are broad, foliaceous, somewhat imbricated; ventral cirri are elongate, prolonged in a slender tip (fig. 8, c,d). The setal lobe is long and distally incised and does not extend laterally so far as the ventral cirri. Setae have shafts that terminate in a finely spinose end, without a major tooth; the appendage tapers and is slender and rather short. This has been compared with the type specimens (2) of Phyllo- doce arenae Webster. ‘They agree closely in all details except one. Prostomial proportions are identical, the setal lobe is prolonged laterally, ventral cirri are long, pointed, extending distally beyond the setal lobe (fig. 8, ¢). Dorsal cirri have the same shape and tex- ture, but in Webster’s specimens there is a longitudinal ridge (not now so pronounced as was originally shown) near the upper margin of the dorsal cirrus, and the glandular striations are less conspicuous. In both, the proboscis was originally described with longitudinal series of conical papillae, hence belong to Anaitides. A. catenula (believed to include P. arenae) is characterized as fol- lows: (1) The prostomium is incised at its posterior margin, pro- vided with a nuchal papilla, (2) ventral cirri are long, taper to slender points, extend laterally beyond the setal lobe, (3) dorsal cirri are foliaceous, longer than broad, distally subtruncate, and (4) the proboscis has 12 rows of papillae on the basal portion. Genus PHYLLODOCE Savigny PHYLLODOCE MAGNAOCULATA Treadwell FIGURE 9, c, d Phyllodoce magnaoculata TREADWELL, 1902, p. 191 (U.S.N.M. No. 15951; Puerto Rico). In the unique type the eyes are now completely faded; the pro- boscis is not everted. There is no indication of a nuchal papilla; the posterior border of the prostomium is straight, hence not as Augener (1934, p. 127) has described for Anaitides benedeni (Han- sen). The peristomial cirri are thick, clavate, subequal in length, two or three times as long as the prostomium. Dorsal cirri are broadly rounded, much wider than long, with a dark spot near the outer ectal margin (fig. 9, c,d). Setae number about 18 in a fascicle in posterior fourth of the body. They have a =lender, sickle-like appendage; the shaft is distally somewhat thickened but appears quite smooth. Ventral cirri resemble the dorsal cirri but are smaller (fig.9..d): This was incorrectly referred to Anaitides benedeni (Hansen) (Augener, 1934, p. 128). The latter was said to have a “herzformige IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 111 hinten ausgerandete Kopf,” hence not as in P. magnaoculata; also the dorsal and ventral cirri are otherwise. PHYLLODOCE FRAGILIS Webster ” Phyllodoce fragilis WersstEr, 1879, p. 214 (U.S.N.M. No. 5385; Virginia) .— ANDREWS, 1891, p. 281. The type vial contains about seven specimens. The body is elongate and tapers gradually toward both ends to filamentous proportions; thus, the structures of the head and proboscis are extremely difficult =“ fi Ficure 9.—Species of Euxaita, Pxytiopoce, Gtiycera, Erreone, and NEpHTys (enlarged) a,b, Eulalia viridis (U.S.N.M. No. 10159): a, Outline of eighth parapodium; 8, outline of a posterior parapodium. c, d, Phyllodoce magnaoculata (U.S.N.M. No. 15951): c, Dorsal cirrus from a median seg- ment; d, parapodium from posterior fourth of body. e, Glycera mexicana (U.S.N.M. No. 19372): Aileron from jaw piece. f, &, Eteone trilineata (U.S.N.M. No. 441): f, Outline of a posterior parapodium; g, outline of a median parapodium. h, Nephtys macroura (U.S.N.M. No. 15882): Outline of a median parapodium, the two rami separated from one another. to distinguish. The prostomium is small, suboval, with straight pos- terior margin, without nuchal or median papilla. The two eyes are large and dark. The first segment is dorsally reduced and has a pair of clavate cirri; the second segment is a complete ring, with dorsal and ventral cirri resembling those of the first, but a little larger. The third segment has clavate cirri dorsally and short, flat ventral cirri. The formula of the first three segments follows: (le=long cirrus, se=short cirrus, S=setae): e+ $2482. From the fourth segment dorsal cirri are broad, thin, foliaceous, about twice 112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOu. 92 as long as wide, and distally rounded, though asymmetrical. They increase rapidly in width posteriorly and are broadly imbricated. This species was collected many times by the author in oyster clusters at Beaufort, N. C. In life it is bright green; it is gregarious, with a tendency to mass together in interstices of oyster clumps. In spite of numerous attempts to incite the protrusion of the pro- boscis in life, no success was obtained. Examinations of dissections revealed only a slender, wrinkled tube. Genus EUMIDA Malmgren EUMIDA SANGUINEA (@rsted) Figure 8, f, g Eulalia sanguinea ORstTep, 1848, p. 28, figs. 80, 82. Eulalia maculosa WEBSTER, 1879, p. 215 (U. S. N. M. No. 498; Great Egg Harbor, N: 32): In the type of Hulalia maculosa the proboscis is smooth; hence this is a Humida. It terminates distally in 17 soft papillae. The median prostomial antenna is inserted a short distance anterior to the large, dark, paired eyes. The longest tentacular cirri extend posteriorly to about the tenth setiger. Dorsal cirri are thin, folia- ceous, longer than broad, but increase in length posteriorly; these parts are shown in figure 8, f, g, for median and posterior parapodia. This agrees well with the widely known £. sanguinea, already reported from many parts of the north Atlantic and Pacific. Genus EULALIA Savigny EULALIA VIRIDIS (0. F. Miiller) FIGURE 9, a, b Nereis viridis MULLER, 1776, p. 156. Eumidia vivida VeEBRILL, 1873, p. 584 (U.S.N.M. No. 10159; Vineyard Sound, Mass.). Eulalia viridis FAuvet, 1923, p. 160. The type collection of Zumidia vivida includes about 12 specimens. The everted proboscis is cylindrical, covered over its entire length with irregularly dispersed papillae or forming seven or eight irregu- lar, longitudinal rows. The first tentacular segment is dorsally en- tire, as typical of the genus Fwdalia. The median prostomial antenna is inserted a short distance anterior to the eyes. Dorsal and ventral cirri and parapodial lobes have the proportions shown in figure 9, a, 6. These are typical representatives of Fudalia viridis (O. F. Miller). | IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 113 Genus ETEONE Savigny ETEONE TRILINEATA Webster and Benedict FicureE 9, f, g Eteone trilineata WEBSTER and BENEDICT, 1887, p. 712 (U.S.N.M. No. 441; Hast- port, Maine). The prostomium is trapezoidal in outline, with a broad, shallow, median sulcus throughout its length. Dorsal cirri are thick, broadly rounded, as broad as long in median segments (fig. 9, g), somewhat longer than broad in posterior segments (fig. 9, f). Ventral cirri are longer than wide but never extend distally beyond the setigerous lobe; the superior acicular lobe exceeds in length the inferior acicular one. The two anal cirri are long, thick, about as originally shown. The setal shaft has a long tooth on one side and a shorter on the other. The specific name refers to three longitudinal color bands dorsally, consisting of a narrow median and a pair of broad, lateral ones. E. trilineata inhabits sandy mud or shelly bottoms, in the low intertidal zones or somewhat below. Family NEPHTYIDAE Genus NEPHTYS Cuvier NEPHTYS MACROURA Schmarda Figure 9, h Nephthys macroura SCHMARDA, 1861, p. 91. Nephthys circinata VERRILL, 1874, p. 88 (U.S.N.M. No. 15882; St. Georges Bank, Maine, in 85 fathoms). The recurved cirri are involute, present from the third setiger, continued nearly to the posterior end; the last five or six segments Jack them. The postacicular setae are long, silky, flowing, with few or no denticulations; preacicular setae are finer, barred. No lyre setae have been observed. A typical parapodium is shown in figure 9, A. The resemblance between this and WV. macroura Schmarda (1861, p. 91) is sufficiently striking to suggest identity. Both have in- volute cirri, and the lobes on notopodia and neuropodia are the same except that V. circinata has a more pronounced supraacicular neuro- podial lobe. WV. macroura was originally described from New Zealand, but since it has been widely reported from southern and eastern South America as JV. praetiosa Kinberg (1865, p. 239), from La Plata as WV. virginis Kinberg (1866, p. 239), from southeastern South America, and as JV. dutrea Baird (1878, p. 95) from Patagonia. A subspecies, pervana Hartman (1940, p. 236), has been described 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 from Peru in 10-40 fathoms. JW. circinata is herein referred to WV. macroura, it represents the first record of its distribution north of the equator. Other collections deposited in the Museum originate from “Massa- chusetts Bay, Sept. 21, 1878. Sta. 221. 37-38 fms.” and “Bay of Fundy, 1872. 6022.” Family LUMBRINERIDAE Genus LUMBRINERIS Blainville LUMBRINERIS ACUTA (Verrill) Figure 10, a-d Lumbriconereis acuta VERRILL, 1875, p. 39; 1882, p. 314 (U.S.N.M. No. 13392; off Block Island, R. I.). This is a slender, greatly attenuate form, about 30-40 mm. long. The most conspicuous feature is the greatly elongated, slightly de- pressed, prostomial lobe (fig. 10, a) ; eyes are lacking. The peristomial ring is faintly biannulate. Segments are well marked, smooth, uni- annulate; they are about as long as wide, or only half that long. The maxillary apparatus has carriers that are proportionately enormous and approximately triangular in outline. Forceps are robust, with two blunt teeth; maxilla II has three blunt teeth; maxilla III has a single tooth; maxilla IV has one tooth (fig. 10, ¢). Mandibles are about as long as the maxillary apparatus; the bases are slender, the anterior end flaring. Parapodia are short, inconspicuous in the anterior region, with short simple lobes; posteriorly the postsetal lobe elongates slightly but is nowhere markedly developed. Setae are simple only; in an- terior segments the bilimbate setae have wings that are rather broad (fig. 10, 6). Hooded hooks are present in median segments, ac- companied with some limbate setae; these have a short, hooded area with obscure denticulations distally (fig. 10, d). In its peculiarly elongated prostomium Z. acuta greatly resembles L. mucronata Ehlers (1912, pl. 12, fig. 10) from the mouth of the Congo River. In this, however, the distal ends of the hooded hooks are markedly bidentate; also, the maxillary apparatus is otherwise. L. acuta is known only from New England. LUMBRINERIS GRANDIS (Treadwell) FicvgeE 10, h, k, 1 Lumbriconereis grandis TREADWELL, 1906, p. 1170 (U.S.N.M. No. 5214; Hawaii). There is a single specimen in three pieces, lacking a posterior end. The prostomial lobe is thick, conical, about as long as wide. Many of the anterior setae are broken away, but a seventh parapodium IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—-HARTMAN 115 has composite setae with a long, slender appendage (fig. 10, 7). Composite setae are continued through at least 26 segments in the last of which there are at least three limbate setae, two composite hooks, and three simple hooded hooks. The appendage of the com- posite hooks decreases in length posteriorly so that its length comes to be only about three times its width. More posteriorly (after the twenty-sixth segment) composite setae are gradually more or less completely replaced by simple hooks. Limbate setae may be absent after the sixtieth segment; none were observed after that. iS AG Ci | ds PELLETS k Ficure 10.—Species of Lumprineris (enlarged) a-d, Lumbrineris acuta (U.S.N.M. No. 12882): a, Anterior end from left side; b, bilimbate seta from third parapodium; c, maxillary parts; d, hooded hook from a median- posterior parapodium. e-g, Lumbrineris heteropoda (Honshu, Japan): ¢, Tenth parapodium; f ,a median para- podium; g, a posterior parapodium. h, k, 1, Lumbrineris grandis (U.S.N.M. No. 5214): A, Maxillary parts from one side; , outline of an anterior parapodium; /, composite seta seventh parapodium. i,j, m, Lumbrineris parva-pedata: i, Outline of an anterior parapodium (U.S.N.M. No, 16019); 7, fifth parapodium in anterior view (U.S.N.M. No. 19622); m, hooded hook from a median segment (U.S.N.M. No. 16019). In this specimen the third maxillary plate on both right and left sides is clearly bifid (fig. 10, A); the forceps are distinctly falcate. Parapodia are short, thick throughout; the postsetal lobe exceeds the presetal one. The latter are simply low, rounded, cushionlike or compressed; postsetal lobes are more or less acutely pointed, their length, however, no greater than their width (fig. 10, %). L. grandis has affinities with Z. japonica Marenzeller in having composite setae in anterior segments, and maxillary parts are sim- ilar. In Z. grandis, however, the parapodial lobes are much reduced 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 throughout. It differs also from L. minuseula, from Hawaii (see below), in having smaller, slenderer proportions, and the anterior parapodial lobes are here acutely pointed, not rounded. LUMBRINERIS MINUSCULA Moore FIGURE 12, e, f Lumbriconereis minuta TREADWELL, 1906, p. 1171 (U.S.N.M. No. 5215; off Hawaii). Lumbrineris minuscula Moore, 1911, p. 294. A single fragment of 87 segments measures 20 mm. long. The head and some anterior segments (perhaps only a few), also the proboscideal armature, are missing. The first 16 segments on this piece are provided with limbate setae and composite hooks (fig. 12, e); in the next segments there are, in addition to superior and inferior limbate setae, two composite hooks (fig. 12, 7) and one simple hook. More posteriorly only simple hooks and limbate setae are present. A posterior end of indeterminable length is missing, but the last segments present have a few (one or two) delicate limbate setae and several (3 or 4) hooded hooks. The maxillary apparatus (now missing) was illustrated by a figure that does not bring out the details; maxilla II was described with five teeth right and four left; the other maxillary plates are not distinguishable. The setae, originally thought to be of only two kinds, are actually of three kinds, composite hooks, simple hooks, and limbate setae. This error led Moore (1911, p. 294) to attribute some specimens from Catalina Island to this species (see below). L. minuscula Moore (1911, p. 294) was proposed to replace Z. minuta Treadwell (not Theél). In addition, a description was given for specimens from Catalina Island, which differ from the type of L. minuscula in several important respects and for which the new name LZ. moorei (see below) is proposed. L. minuscula has affinities with Z. japonica Marenzeller; both have composite setae in anterior segments. In ZL. minuscula limbate setae are present through at least 80 segments, in L. japonica they are absent after about 34 segments; in Z. minuscula anterior parapodia have a broadly rounded, auricular postsetal lobe (fig. 12, e), in Z. japonica this lobe is compressed, conical. LUMBRINERIS MOORETI, new species Fieurn 12, a, b, g Lumbriconerets minuscula Moors, 1911, p. 294 (in part) (U.S.N.M. No. 17403; off Catalina Island, in 1,350—2,182 fathoms). There are two fragmentary specimens, differing greatly from the type of Z. minuscula (see above) with which these were at first com- IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—-HARTMAN 117 pared. Moore (1911, pp. 294-295) has already given a lucid descrip- ‘tion, which agrees well with these individuals. The maxillary car- riers are about as long as broad, with a lateral constriction at about ‘the middle, the free ends are broadly rounded. Forceps are falcate; maxilla II has five left teeth, 4 right; maxilla III has one broad, blunt tooth on each side; maxilla IV has a single point on each side. The mandibles are now very thin, translucent (the calcareous parts probably dissolved away); the anterior end is flaring, the posterior ends slender, the two parts widely separated for more than one-third the total length. - The distribution of setae is as first described; figure 12, a, shows the greatly elongate limbate area of the pointed setae in anterior seg- ments; hooded hooks are simple, with minutely denticulate distal end (fig. 12,-¢); in postmedian segments they are accompanied by very long, slender setae in the inferior part of the fascicle (fig. 12, 0). The soft parts of parapodia are now too macerated for identification ; the lobes were probably short. These specimens were first believed (Moore, 1911) to represent perhaps the epitokous phase of Lumbriconereis minuta Treadwell (above), but since they differ also in other characters (hooks, maxil- lary parts) they are now thought to be different. There have been several species of Lwmbrineris described from great depths, most ‘of them characterized by the presence of long setae in a median region. This feature may be an adaptation to life at great depths or to a unique type of substratum. Z. punctata McIntosh (1885, p. 252) from off New York, in 1,240 fathoms, blue mud, and Z. ehlersi var. tenuisetis McIntosh (1885, p. 253) from between New York and Halifax in 1,340 fathoms, blue mud, are both said to have long, nar- rowly limbate setae in a region at about the thirtieth segment. L. punctata is different in that maxilla IT has only two teeth on the left side and three (or four?) on the right; in Z. eAlersi var. tenuisetis maxilla II has five teeth on each side and maxilla III has two teeth. Z. abyssorwm McIntosh (1885, p. 250) from off the west- ern coast of South America, in 2,225 fathoms, blue mud, was described from very fragmentary materials in which the hooks had been lost; the longest setae, however, are much shorter than in LZ. moorei. Two other species of Zumbrineris with long setae have been described from shallower depth—Z. neo-zealandiae McIntosh (1885, p. 248) off New Zealand, in 700 fathoms, blue mud, and LZ. kerguelensis McIntosh (1885, p. 246) from off Kerguelen, in 110 fathoms, vol- canic mud. The first was seemingly based on several species de- scribed as “varieties A, B, and D,” of which only “variety A” sup- posedly has long setae; “varieties A and B” have dark acicula, “variety D” has yellow acicula. The second has composite setae in 440948—42___-3 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 an anterior region, hence different from the other species. It is difficult to make close comparison of these species with long setae because of the lack of information on several important points. LI. moorei is known only from off Catalina Island, in 1,350-2,182 fathoms, in gray mud and fine sand. LUMBRINERIS PARVA-PEDATA (Treadwell) Ficure 10, i, j, m Lumbriconereis parva-pedata TREADWELL, 1902, p. 198 (U.S.N.M. No. 16019; Ensenada Honda, Culebra). Lumbrinereis elongata TREADWELL, 1931, p. 3 (U.S.N.M. No. 19622; Louisiana). This species resembles a Drilonereis because of its long, slender, cylindrical form, and its proportionately tiny anterior parapodia. The proboscideal apparatus was not originally described. The max- illary carriers are comparatively massive, nearly as long as the for- ceps, broad at their place of attachment to the forceps, laterally constricted, and terminate distally in long, slender tips. The forceps taper to simple, falcate tips. Maxilla II has six teeth on each side, the distalmost tooth being shorter and somewhat recurved over the edge of the maxillary plate so that it is apt to be overlooked unless the plate is slightly turned; maxilla III has two blunt teeth on each side; maxilla IV has a single point on each side. Mandibles are white, calcareous, but now considerably eroded and soft; the two parts are long, nearly equaling the length of the entire maxillary apparatus; the base is incised for a short distance; the distal end is broad but not flaring. No composite setae could be distinguished, but setae in the first few segments have been broken off flush with the body wall. In the original description simple hooks are shown in the second para- podium, accompanied by limbate setae. Anterior parapodia resem- ble those more posteriorly except that the latter are stouter. There is a triangular postsetal lobe (fig. 10, 7). Hooded hooks (fig. 10, m) are distally finely denticulate. This type has been compared with that of Z. elongata Treadwell (1981, p. 3) from Louisiana, and the two are believed to be identical. Both are long, slender, greatly attenuate, with tiny parapodia in ante- rior segments, with simple hooded hooks present in anterior segments (fig. 10, 2) already from the first. The proboscideal apparatus of L. elongata (now missing) was described as follows: “The forceps have a prominent carrier and a slender terminal portion. The left paired plate has a slender terminal tooth followed by three much heavier ones, and a basal hump that may be the remnant of a tooth [total 4]. The second paired plate [maxilla III] has two teeth, the terminal plate [maxilla IV] only one. The jaw was badly broken in removing and only the left side is intact, but so far as could be IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 119 determined the plates are symmetrical on the two sides.” This differs, therefore, from Z. parva-pedata only in that maxilla II has a different number of teeth, but as pointed out above the exact out- lines are sometimes difficult to discern; also, the number of denticula- tions is not sharply distinctive. In other respects these two are so similar that separation is difficult. i; dik g _ Ficure 11.—Species of Peratoproctus, Dritonerets, and LumBriNnerIs (enlarged). a,b, Petaloproctus filifer (U.S.N.M. No. 5214): a, Outline of an anterior parapodium; 3, _ posterior end in dorsal view. ¢, d, Drilonerets robusta (U.S.N.M. No. 15813): c, Mandibles; d, maxillary carriers, unpaired piece and plates. e+g, Lumbrinerts erecta (cotype, No. 2585, Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sci.): e, Tenth parapo- _ dium; f, a median parapodium; g, a posterior parapodium. h, Lumbrineris maculata (U.S.N.M. No. 16018): Prostomial lobe in ventral view, showing specimen with elongate lobe. Another related species is Z. robusta Ehlers (1887, p. 104) from Florida, in 75 fathoms, and Habana, in 175 fathoms. It also has massive maxillary carriers and small maxillary plates; parapodial lobes are short throughout and have similar outlines. Maxilla II has five teeth. According to Ehlers, however, maxilla III has only one tooth, and the mandibles are separated at their bases for a greater distance. Most importantly, the body proportions are less attenuate, such that 182 segments measure 68 mm. long and 5 mm. wide. LUMBRINERIS MACULATA (Treadwell) Fieurses 11, h; 14, d, e Lumbriconereis maculata TREADWELL, 1902, p. 198 (U.S.N.M. No. 16018; Puerto Rico). 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 The prostomial lobe is bluntly conical in one individual (about as long as broad), but considerably longer in another (fig. 11,4). Max- illary carriers are longer than wide and terminate basally in slender tips, more than shown (Treadwell, 1921, fig. 384) ; there is a lateral constriction on the proximal half. Forceps are falcate; maxilla IT -has four teeth on each side; maxilla III has two teeth on a side; maxilla IV has a long, slender, pointed piece on each side. Parapodia from the first setiger have both limbate setae and sim- ple hooded hooks, the postsetal Icbe already long, triangular; a second parapodium is shown in figure 14, d. Posterior parapodia have slen- der, longer, postsetal lobes and are provided with only hooded hooks (fig. 14, e). The specific name is preoccupied by M. Edwards (in Cuvier’s Régne Animal) and by Quatrefages (1865, p. 365), but since both of these are believed to be Arabella species (Fauvel, 1923, p. 438), a new name is not applied. L. maculata Treadwell is known only from Puerto Rico and Florida (Treadwell, 1921, p. 103). LUMBRINERIS BILABIATA (Treadwell) Lumbriconereis bilabiata TREADWELL, 1902, p. 199 (U.S.N.M. No. 16015; Maya- guez Harbor, Puerto Rico). The only collection is a small fragment, 12.5 mm. long, with 59 setigers, caudally incomplete, all setae too badly damaged to identify. The prostomial lobe is depressed conical, longer than broad, without sulcus. Already in anterior segments the postsetal lobe is slender, digitiform, standing at an angle, directed more or less posteriorly, away from its base. | In the original description the proboscideal formula was not given.. The forceps are falcate; maxilla II has five teeth on each side; maxillae III and IV have one tooth each. LUMBRINERIS ERECTA (Moore) Ficure 11, e-g Lumbriconereis erecta Moore, 1904, p. 491 (San Diego, Calif.). The types of this species are not deposited in the National collec- tions; cotypes are contained in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (No. 2585). Threugh the kindness of Prof. J. Percy Moore, I was permitted to see them. There are three large, robust specimens, agreeing closely with many specimens collected by the author in the intertidal zones of southern California. The pro- stomium has a longitudinal groove ventrally, as originally stated, but this is weak in one individual. Figure 11, e-g, shows a tenth, a median and a posterior parapodium. Simple hooded hooks are present from the thirty-seventh segment, continued to the end. IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 121 Limbate setae are continued to the end, but absent from some para- podia. Perhaps this led Moore (1904, p. 491) to say that “by 50 [uncini] are alone present to the number of 4 or 5 which is further reduced to two or even one posteriorly * * * the slender setae do not altogether disappear until about LX XV.” Actually, in these cotypes, as also in many specimens from southern California, some posterior parapodia continue to have limbate setae, to the posterior end. Ficure 12.—Species of Lumprineris and Armanpia (enlarged) a, b, g, Lumbrineris mooreit (U.S.N.M. No. 17403): a, A posteromedian parapodium with long setae; b, bilimbate seta from an anterior parapodium; g, a hooded hook from a posteromedian parapodium. c. d, Armandia agilis (U.S.N.M. No. 4898): c, Seventh setiger in anterior view, the branchia cut off at the dotted line, with long, presetal, dorsal lobe and rounded, postsetal, ventral lobe; d, parapodium from posterior third of body, in posterior view. ¢, f, Lumbrineris minuscula (U.S.N.M. No. 5215): e, An anterior parapodium, in anterior view, setae indicated; f, a composite seta from an anterior parapodium. L. erecta is the commonest lumbrinerid with elongate, parapodial lobes, lacking hooded hooks anteriorly, in the intertidal of southern California. It occurs rarely as far north as Monterey. It has incor- rectly been confused with Z. heteropoda (see below). LUMBRINERIS HETEROPODA (Marenzeller) FIGuRE 10, e-g9 Lumbriconereis heteropoda MARENZELLER, 1879, p. 30 (Miya Bay, Japan). The National collections contain specimens of what are believed to be this species, originating from Honshu Island, Japan. Since they differ notably from Z. erecta Moore (see above), with which the latter has sometimes been identified (Crossland, 1924, p. 4), and also since Marenzeller’s description seems to have been misinterpreted in some respects, the following remarks are added. $22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOU. 92 As Marenzeller’s description was based on a specimen 120 mm. long, with 240 segments, it may have been almost, or quite, complete and mature. The prostomium was described as considerably pointed, large, longer than broad, as long as, or longer than, the first three segments. Parapodia differed in the various body region, as follows: “An den vorderen Rudern ist die Hinterlippe von vorne nach rickwirts zusammengedriickt, von oben gesehen schmal, am Ende etwas angeschwollen, die Vorderlippe kurz, fast gar nich vorspring- end [fig. 10, e, based on specimen in U.S.N.M.] Allmalig wird die Hinterlippe dicker [in antero-posterior axis] aber etwas kirzer, und indem auch die Vorderlippe sich mehr entwickelt, wird die Differenz in der Liinge zwischen beiden verringert; erstere tiberrage jedoch diese stats [fig. 10, f]. Die Ubergiinge bilden sich bis etwa zum 40. Ruder heraus; von hier ab bleibt diese Form bis weit nach hinten. Die Hinterlippe [fig. 10, g] zeigt sich von oben als ein relativ langer fingerformiger, nach hinten gerichteter Fortsatz, der etwa die Hilfte der Linge, vom Ursprunge des Ruders bis zum Vorderrand der nur wenig vorspringenden Vorderlippe gemessen, ausmacht.” This transi- tion of parapodial lobes from anterior to posterior regions prompted the specific name heteropoda. Furthermore, the first 35 segments were said to be provided with only pointed setae, numbering first 13 in a parapodium, decreasing to 8 in the thirty-fifth: Hooded hooks were present from the thirty-sixth segment, accompanied with pointed setae, the latter continued in diminishing numbers to the end (at least through 200 segments). Crossland (1924, p. 4) united Z. heteropoda with L. erecta Moore (above) seemingly because of a misinterpretation of Marenzeller’s description, based on collections from the Red Sea, Zanzibar, and Kenya Colony, but none from Japan or California. They are here believed to be distinct from each other, and perhaps each different from the Indo-Pacific specimens. Crossland concluded that Maren- zeller did not see posterior segments in his specimen, yet Marenzeller states that he had a 240-segmented individual, and one that “gegen das Leibesende sich allmilig verjiingend.” Crossland interpreted this as a regenerated specimen; it might be interpreted as one that was nearly complete, tapering posteriorly. Marenzeller stressed the marked difference in parapodial lobes of anterior, median and poste- rior segments, as described above. In both Z. erecta and L. heteropoda anterior parapodia lack hooded hooks, in the first through 40 to 44 segments, in the second through about 36 segments; both have pointed setae, though in diminishing number posteriorly throughout the body length; both have similar maxillary parts but the maxillary carriers are proportionately shorter and broader in Z. erecta than in L. heteropoda. In L. erecta, middle IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 123 body segments have parapodia with prominent postsetal lobes which come to have the form of long, fingerlike processes, bending abruptly upward nearly at right angles, rising above the back. One other species merits consideration in a discussion of this group, L. sarsi Kinberg (1865, p. 569) from Guayaquil, Ecuador. The type has greatly elongated posterior, postsetal lobes, but here the anterior- most parapodia, from the first, have some simple hooded hooks, ac- companied by limbate setae. LUMBRINERIS ZONATA (Johnson) Ficure 13, a-—c Lumbriconereis zonata JOHNSON, 1901, p. 408 (Puget Sound, Wash.). Lumbrineris heteropoda Moors, 1908, p. 846 (Kodiak Island, Alaska, in 35-41 fathoms) (not Marenzeller, 1879). Lumbrineris sarsi HARTMAN, 1938, p. 12 (not Kinberg, 1865). Ficure 13.—Species of Lumprinerts and ARABELLA (enlarged) a-c, Lumbrineris zonata (Kodiak Island, Alaska): a, Hooded hook from first setiger, showing long hooded region; b, distal end of same hook enlarged; c, one of five hooded hooks from a posterior parapodium, showing distal hooded region. d, Arabella iridescens (U.S.N.M. No. 5216): Part of maxillary apparatus in dorsal view. In the original description of this species, it is stated “setae * * * of two forms: winged capillary in anterior portion of the body and hooded crotchets in the posterior region,’ implying that hooded hooks are absent in anterior segments. I have again examined the type of Z. zonata (at the Museum of Comparative Zoology) and verified the presence of simple hooded hooks in at least the second setiger (setae of the first are broken away near their base). In many specimens examined, from Puget Sound south to southern California, the presence of simple slender hooded hooks (fig. 13 a, 6) already from the first setiger, has been ascertained. After about the thirtieth or fortieth segments, these slenderer hooks are gradually replaced by heavier simple hooks (fig. 13, ¢) with shorter sheath. In most individuals limbate setae are entirely lacking in far posterior 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 92 segments, but occasionally a single, slender, limbate seta is present near the superiormost part of the fascicle. A twenty-first neuropo- dium contains 5 dark acicula, 10 inferior pointed setae, 6 simple hooded hooks, 10 superior pointed setae; its notopodium is provided with an embedded fascicle of acicula. A far posterior parapodium may contain three black acicula and about five hooded hooks, usually no limbate seta. L. zonata is common in the intertidal zones of the northeast Pacific, to considerable depths. The National collections contain specimens from the Behm Canal, Alaska (Albatross stations), including depths of 14 to 256 fathoms. Genus ARABELLA Grube ARABELLA IRICOLOR (Montagu) Nereis iricolor Montacu, 1804, p. 83. Lumobriconereis tenuis VERRILL, 1873, p. 594 (part) (U.S.N.M. No. 13883; Vine- yard Sound, in 12 fathoms). A collection labeled “Cotypes” includes numerous small, slender individuals of Arabella tricolor (Montagu). The prostomium is sub- globular, with four eye spots in a transverse row; parapodia are provided with only pointed, limbate setae, hence Arabella. The proboscideal armature is typical of A. zricolor. In the original description the prostomium was said to lack eyes, also, at the sixteenth segment “recurved spatulate setae, with two to three hook-like denticles at the end [hooded hooks?], while two or three lanceolate ones remain.” It seems, therefore, that these so- called “Cotypes” are not the same as that on which the first descrip- tion was based. A holotype has not been found. ARABELLA IRIDESCENS Treadwell Figure 13, d Arabella iridescens TREADWELL, 1906, p. 1171 (U.S.N.M. No. 5216; Pailolo Chan- nel, between Molokai and Maui, in 12 fathoms). There is only a single fragment, with much of the maxillary ap- paratus missing and most of the setae broken away flush with the body wall. The prostomium is elongate, depressed, triangular, with- out eye spots or other color markings; it lacks a median sulcus but has a depression in the middle on both dorsal and ventral sides. The proboscideal region has been largely dissected out; mandibles are lacking but some maxillary parts (fig. 13, d) remain. The carriers are very long, slender, with a short, rounded, ventral, un- paired piece that terminates in a ragged edge; the whole only slightly chitinized. Maxilla I on the right side is roughly triangular in outline, with 8 (or 9) teeth on the cutting edge. Maxillae IT and III (fused) have 16 teeth; maxilla IV is presumably lost from this IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 125 specimen; maxilla V has a single tooth (fig. 13 d). On the left side only two plates (IV and V) remain. The formula, insofar as can be determined, appears to be : Right side=8 (or 9) +16+?%+1; left side= ?+ ?+7+1. In posterior segments limbate setae are distally pointed, curved in the winged region; the superiormost and inferiormost are smooth, but three or four in the median part of the fascicle are denticulate, with several rows of spinelets in the thickest region. A. wridescens is characterized in having a depressed, triangular prostomium without eye spots; maxilla I has numerous teeth on the cutting edge. Its proboscideal armature resembles that of A. genicu- lata Claparéde (Fauvel, 1923, p. 439), but the latter has prostomial eyes. ARABELLA ZONATA (Moore) Notocirrus zonata Moors, 1908, p. 45 (U.S.N.M. No. 15736; off Honshu Island, Japan, in 34 fathoms). There is only a single incomplete fragment that was dried when received; it lacks head and anterior end, including proboscideal parts. Parapodia are provided with only simple, pointed, limbate setae, such as characterize Arabella, but lack heavy acicular setae such as are present in Drilonereis. (See below.) It is therefore referred to the former. Genus DRILONEREIS Claparéde DRILONEREIS ROBUSTA (Moore) Ficurke 11, e, d Laranda robusta Moore, 1903, p. 454 (U.S.N.M. No. 15818; off Japan, in 173- 260 fathoms). This species belongs to a small group of lumbrinerids in which (1) parapodia are provided with only simple, pointed limbate setae accompanied by single, heavy, projecting, acicular setae, (2) the prostomium lacks eye spots but has a conspicuous median, longi- tudinal sulcus on its dorsal surface, (3) the maxillary carriers are long, paired, slender pieces accompanied by a shorter, flat, unpaired piece on its ventral side, (4) forceps are long, strongly falcate, with denticulations at the base, and (5) mandibles consist of a pair of short, flat pieces about twice as long as wide. These characters are intermediate between two genera—Avrabella Grube and Drilonereis Claparéde—and differ from the first in lacking eye spots and having heavy projecting acicular setae and from the second in having well- developed maxillary parts in which the forceps are strongly falcate, with basal teeth; the other paired pieces are also denticulate (fig. 11,d). It agrees most nearly with Drilonereis. Heavy acicular spines are first seen to project from the antero- ventral part of the eighteenth setiger; they come to be heavier and 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 more conspicuous in median and posterior segments, where they are much thicker, though shorter, than the limbate setae. The jaws were not described originally. They are as follows (proboscis dissected) : The maxillary parts, including carriers, ex- tend through setigers 3 to 13, the mandibles through setigers 1, 2, and part of 8. Carriers are long, slender, with an unpaired, ventral piece; forceps are thick, distally hooked, basally with six teeth; maxilla II has 10 teeth on each side, the distal tooth much the longest; maxilla III has a long tooth distally and four shorter teeth below; maxilla IV has a long tooth on each side (fig. 11, d). The formula is: I=6+1, II1=10, I1[=5, IV=1. The ventrally Jocated mandibles are dark, broad, flat, much shorter than the forceps (fie 1, @).. Setae are smooth, narrowly limbate; a denticulate region was not observed in any examined. D. robusta is known only through its original discovery. Family GLYCERIDAE Genus GLYCERA Savigny GLYCERA MEXICANA (Chamberlin) FIGURE 9, e Hemipodus mewxicanus CHAMBERLIN, 1919, p. 349 (U.S.N.M. No. 19372; Gulf of California). There is only an anterior fragment with proboscis retracted and the prostomium withdrawn into the anterior buccal cavity. The aileron of the jaw has a broad, spreading base and a long, produced fang (fig. 9,¢). Setae include (1) superior, simple, and (2) inferior composite. In both of these respects it is a typical Glycera Savigny, to which it is hereby referred. In anterior segments the presetal lobe is bifurcated; the postsetal lobe is short, entire. The presetal lobes are long and slender and resemble the equally long ventral cirri. Dorsal cirri are inserted far above the parapodial base. There is little to distinguish this from G. papillosa Grube, from western South America. It bears resemblances also to @. lancadivae (Berkeley, 1939, p. 334) from Guatemala. Family CIRRATULIDAE Genus CIRRATULUS Lamarck CIRRATULUS GRANDIS Verrill Cirratulus grandis VERRILL, 1873, p. 606. Cirratulus tenuis VERRILL, 1873, p. 607 (U.S.N.M. No. 15284; Vineyard Sound, Mass.). The collection is labeled cotype. The prostomium is anteriorly rounded, slightly acute, without eye spots or other color marks. IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 127 Dorsal branchiae arise from the first setiger, but there is a pair of lateral tentacles inserted immediately in front. Branchial filaments (or their scars) number 10 to 12 on a side; their bases form an elongate, oval patch, the pair separated by a clear, median space equal to about half the width of one branchial base. Lateral tentacles arise from a point immediately above the notopodial base, but at the posterodorsal face of the notopodium. Setae are pale yellow; the first 18 setigers have long, tapering capillaries; the dorsal setae somewhat exceed in length the ventral ones. From the nineteenth setiger a heavy spine is present ventrally in the neuropodium, accompanied with long, pointed setae. From the twenty-eighth setiger two such heavy spines are present, alternat- ing with pointed setae; this arrangement continues through the rest of neuropodia. Notopodia have similar, heavy spines from the thirty-fifth setiger, in the inferior end of the fascicle, accompanied with pointed setae, continued so to the end. (Sometimes there are two heavy spines.) In the original description (which was only preliminary) the setae were described as “long and slender in each ramus,” but no mention was made of acicular spines. C. tenuis Verrill agrees in all details with C. grandis Verrill, to which this is hereby referred. Genus CIRRIFORMIA Hartman CIRRIFORMIA FILIGERA (Chiaje) Iumbricus filigerus CHIAJE, 1828, p. 171. Audouinia filigera FAUVEL, 1927, p. 93. Audouinea oculata TREADWELL, 1932, p. 17 (U.S.N.M. No. 19640; Brazil). Tn the type of Audouinea oculata, the prostomium lacks eye spots. The first setiger has a slender filament arising from the superior end of the setal fascicle. Between the fourth and fifth setigers the dorsal branchiae arise, those of one side nearly continuous with those of the other; no median space separates those of the two sides. From about the fifty-fifth setiger the lateral tentacles arise a short distance above the notopodium; more posteriorly they are inserted progressively more dorsally so that in postmedian segments the point of insertion is nearly midway between the notopodium and the middorsal line. Acicular setae are first present in neuropodia from about the thirty-seventh setiger, and in notopodia from about the fifty-eighth setiger. In neuropodia there are three such acicular setae, only slightly falcate, alternating with long, capillary setae, this arrange- ment continued through a long region. In some far posterior neuropodia only acicular setae may be present, or the capillaries may 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 be much reduced. Notopodia have similar, but slenderer and longer, acicular setae, also alternating with capillary setae. This agrees fully with C. filigera (Chiaje), to which it is hereby referred. It is well known from parts of South America (Ehlers, 1897, p. 110; 1901, p. 183; Fauvel, 1916, p. 446). It differs from C@. capillaris Verrill (below) in that the latter has single acicular setae in neuropodia in posterior segments. CIRRIFORMIA CAPILLARIS (Verrill) Cirratulus capillaris VERRILL, 1900, p. 653. Cirratulus tenuis WEBSTER, 1884, p. 323 (U.S.N.M. No. 4797; Bermuda) (not C. tenuis Verrill, 1873). The single specimen of C. tenwis (U.S.N.M. No. 4797) is small, much contracted, with proportions as given by Webster. The pros- tomium is short, anteriorly rounded, without eyes. Dorsal branchiae arise, In a pair of crowded clusters, between the fourth and fifth setigers; the scars number 10 or more on a side and leave bare a short, median space. Lateral tentacles first arise from a point dorsal to the notopodial ridge, but in median and posterior segments the point of insertion moves progressively upward so that it comes to be nearly midway between the notopodium and the middorsal line. Notopodial and neuropodial setal structures have the same form and distribution as in (. capillaris Verrill, to which C. tenwis Webster is hereby referred. Family OPHELIIDAE Genus AMMOTRYPANE Rathke AMMOTRYPANE AULOGASTER Rathke FIGURE 14, 0b, ¢ Ammotrypane aulogaster RATHKE, 1843, pp. 188-190, 205-208, pl. 10, figs. 1-3.— FAUVEL, 1927, p. 183, fig. 47. Ammotrypane fimbriata VeERRILL, 1878, p. 604 (U.S.N.M. No. 8076; off Gay Head, Mass., in 25 fathoms). There are numerous specimens of A. fimbriata, labeled type (1), cotypes (2), and many others, all from various parts of New Eng- land, south to Long Island, in depths of 18 to 866 fathoms. Number of segments varies from 45 to 50. The body is slender, smooth. Branchiae are present from the second to the fifth last segment, number 40 or more pairs; they are simple, cirriform, extend distally far beyond the setal tips (fig. 14, c). Parapodia have a simple setigerous lobe and a longer, slenderer, ventral lobe. Setae are entirely simple, capillary. The anal end is provided with a long funnellike lobe, open ventrally, with a row of about seven pairs of filaments at the end, and a simple or slightly crenulate edge at its proximal end (fig. 14, 5). IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 129 These specimens are not to be distinguished from A. aulogaster Rathke, already known from eastern North America (Webster and Benedict, 1887, p. 727). Genus ARMANDIA Filippi ARMANDIA AGILIS (Andrews) Figure 12, c, d Ophelina agilis ANDREWS, 1891, p. 289 (U.S.N.M. No. 4898; Beaufort, N. C.). The collection includes three specimens; two are posteriorly incom- plete. Interparapodial eye spots are present between segments 6/7, 8/9, * * * 16/17, 18/19, or 11 pairs; this is therefore a repre- sentative of Armandia. Setigers number 52. Branchiae are present from the second segment; they are long, cirriform, present on all other segments to the end; on their dorsal side, near the base, they have a thin, foliaceous flange (fig. 12, d). On the first segment the upper presetal lobe (dorsal cirrus) is large and long, resembling a branchia except for its smaller size (it is about two-thirds as large); this gradually diminishes in size posteriorly so that in the posterior third of the body it is greatly reduced, papillar (fig. 12, d). The lower, postsetal lobe (ventral cirrus) is a minute, translucent, subglobular structure throughout (fig. 12, c, d). Setae are simple, flowing, capillary. The caudal funnel is long, compressed cylindrical, closed ventrally along a pair of longitudinal ridges, provided at its distal end with about 14 filiform cirri, and a much longer, thicker, ventral cirrus. Armandia agilis differs from other species of the genus in its high setigerous count, in the structures of the presetal and postsetal lobes, and the closed anal funnel. It is known only from North Carolina. ARMANDIA MACULATA (Webster) FicureE 14, a Ophelina maculata WessteER, 1884, p. 322 (U.S.N.M. No. 4796; Bermuda). The collection includes two specimens. There are 29 setigers [27 or 28 according to Webster]. Branchiae are present from the second, perhaps nearly to the end or at least to the third last segment; the posterior segments are now macerated, imperfect. The prostomium is thick, about as broad as long, but with a long, slender anterior cone nearly as long as the main part of the prostomium. Eyes cannot now be distinguished, but Webster (1884) described three, in a transverse series, near the posterior margin of the lobe. Presetal and postsetal parapodial lobes are short, though broad, throughout, not unusual in any respect. A second has the proportions shown in figure 14, a. More posteriorly the postsetal lobes become 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 slenderer and a little longer but are never conspicuous; also, branchiae are longer but continue to be simple, cirriform. The pygidium is surrounded by about 20 papillae. Webster described interparapodial eye spots, present from the seventh segment, numbering 11 pairs; hence this is an Armandia. These spots are not visible now. A. maculata is known only through its original discovery. Ficure 14.—Species of ARMANDIA, AMMOTRYPANE, and Lumprineris (enlarged) a, Armandia maculata (U.S.N.M. No. 4796): Second parapodium in posterior view. b, c, Ammotrypane aulogaster (U.S.N.M. No. 8076): b, Anal funnel in left lateral view; ¢, seventeenth parapodium, in anterior view. d, e, Lumbrineris maculata (U.S.N.M. No. 16018): d, Second parapodium, in anterior view; é, @ posterior parapodium, in anterior view. Genus OPHELIA Savigny OPHELIA LIMACINA (Rathke) Ammotrypane limacina RATHKE, 1848, pp. 190-192, 202-205, pl. 10, figs. 4-8. Ophelia denticulata VERRILL, 1875, p. 389; 1882, pl. 9, fig. 3 (U.S.N.M. No. 16128; off Block Island, R. I., in 14 fathoms). Ophelia limacina FAUVEL, 1927, p. 182, fig. 46. The type of O. denticulata is labeled “Off Block Island, 14 fms. Aug. 18, 1874. P. M. 856 figs.” Branchiae were described as denticu- late; hence tke specific name. Since, however, these denticulations are perhaps merely wrinkles of contraction, they are not significant. There are 9 anterior setigerous segments, lacking branchiae; this is followed by 18 branchial segments and 5 postbranchial segments, a total of 32 setigers. The anal ring is provided with 16-18 smaller papillae and 2 larger, lanceolate cirri ventrally. This agrees fully with O. limacina (Rathke), already reported from eastern America by Webster and Benedict (1884, p. 724) and others. IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 131 Family MALDANIDAE Genus PETALOPROCTUS Quatrefages PETALOPROCTUS FILIFER (Verrill) Fiaeure 11, a, b Maldane filifera VeRRitt, 1880, p. 179 (U.S.N.M. No. 10486; Cape Cod Bay). Lumbriclymene filifera VERRILL, 1900, p. 659. Petaloproctus filifer ARwipsson, 1907, p. 114. There is a single specimen, labeled “Type. Mastigomaldane filifera (Verr.). Cape Cod Bay. Aug. 30, 1879. Sta. 321. 2914 fms. Speed- well.” It is in several pieces, perhaps of an immature individual. No color remains. The anterior end lacks a cephalic plaque, is broadly rounded, turned ventrally (fig. 11, a). The first three seg- ments are shorter than the fourth. There is a long, preanal, achaetous segment, with a well-rounded, simple anal plaque. The anal aperture is turned dorsally (fig. 11, b). Some median seg- inents have long, hairlike setae, as typical of Petaloproctus. Verrill (1900, p. 659) transferred this species to Lwmbriclymene, with the statement that it “does not belong to Petaloproctus as St. Joseph supposed, but rather to Lwmbriclymene Sars, but it differs from the type, so that the generic characters should be altered some- what. Its anal region consists of a somewhat flattened cone, turned up dorsally and nearly acute, but without a limbus. The small anus is close to the tip on the dorsal side of the segment, while the oblique postero-ventral side may be flat or concave. The head has a central carina with a pit each side of it, but no definite plate or limbus. The anterior ventral tori contain one or two spiniform setae. The two short preanal segments have small tori, but no setae.” This agrees reasonably well with the conditions in the type specimen, and is here referred to the genus Petaloproctus. Arwidsson (1907, p. 114, 118) has referred this species questionably to his P. tenuis borealis; the similarities are indeed striking. The synonymy appears to be justifiable. Verrill’s name has priority. Genus PRAXILLURA Verrill PRAXILLURA ORNATA Verrill Pravillura ornata VeERRILL, 1879, p. 179 (U.S.N.M. No. 118538; off Race Point, Cape Cod, Mass., in 25 fathoms). The single type is in several pieces, or the pieces may represent more than one individual. If only one, there are well over 20 (or 25) segments. The head is that of a Lumbriclymenini, the lobe well rounded, smooth, turned down anteriorly so that the mouth is clearly ventral. Nuchal slits are shallow, crescentic. The material is unsatisfactory. 132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 Genus RHODINE Malmgren RHODINE BITORQUATA Moore Rhodine bitorquata Moorr, 1923, p. 223 (U.S.N.M. No. 17248; Monterey Bay, Calif., in 204 fathoms). This is known through only an anterior end. The prostomium lacks a plaque but has a long keel and conspicuous nuchal organs; they are inverted U-shaped, angular, the inner branch about half as long as the outer. The head is bent at an angle (nearly right) to the body, and set off on the dorsal side by a sharp, narrow, transverse ridge, about one-fourth of the distance from the first setiger to the anterior end. The first two segments are very long, back of their setigerous ridges. The posterior border of the first is provided with a great, entire collar, fitting more or less closely around the body. A similar collar from the anterior border of the third setiger extends forward around the posterior end of the second setiger, but this collar is less than half as high as the other, and longest on its ventral side; it is entire, with broad, shallow, dorsolateral clefts and a short, dorsal flap. Other segments are also long but lack collar. R. bitorquata, known solely through its original record, is the only species of this genus known from the west coast of North America. Family SABELLIDAE Genus SABELLASTARTE Savigny SABELLASTARTE INDICA (Savigny) Sabella indica SAviany, 1826, pp. 412-418. Laonome punctata TREADWELL, 1906, p. 1179 (U.S.N.M. No. 5223; Hawaii). Sabellastarte indica JOHANSSON, 1926, pp. 15-16, fig. 5. The type collection of Zaonome punctata includes four well-pre- served specimens, the largest about 33 mm. long. They retain much pigment, especially on the wine-colored, tentacular bases and the transversely barred radioles. The dorsal side of the thorax, and to a lesser degree the ventral side including also the abdomen, are more or less heavily speckled with deep maroon spots, and a heavier, larger spot occurs regularly on the parapodial ridge between the notopodium and neuropodium. Radioles lack eye spots or stylodes. The collar membrane consists of conspicuous rounded lappets, not sharply separated from the lat- eral lobes; the ventral lappets are longer, triangular, but continuous with the lateral lobes. The setal formula is: notopodia with only bilimhbate setae neuropodia with only avicular setae abdomen with only limbate and avicular setae. These specimens are typical representatives of a Sabellastarte, as shown by Johansson (1927, p. 157), and do not appear to be separable from the widely known S. indica Savigny (Okuda, 1987, p. 307, figs.). thorax IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—HARTMAN 133 Genus MEGALOMMA Johansson MEGALOMMA CIRCUMSPECTUM (Moore) Branchiomma circumspectum Moore, 1923, p. 239 (U.S.N.M. No. 17021; off Santa Rosa Island, Calif., in 38-45 fathoms). The collar membrane has high dorsal lappets, covering the peri- stomium; between its lobes and the lateral lobes there is a slight emargination and a deep cavity that extends down nearly through the first and second setigers, like a pocket; lateral lobes are slightly oblique and continued ventrally without incision, in a pair of long triangular flaps. Most radioles have small, more or less spherical, compound eyes at their tips. M. circumspectum has been identified with I. mushaensis (Gravier) from the Red Sea (Monro, 1933, p. 1078), but I believe there are differences in the collars of the two that cannot be considered as mere variations of the same species. They are herein considered to be distinct. Genus HYPSICOMUS Grube HYPSICOMUS CIRCUMSPICIENS Ehlers Hypsicomus circumspiciens EHLERS, 1887, p. 271. Hypsicomus purpureus TREADWELL, 1924, p. 20 (U.S.N.M. No. 20325; Antigua). The single type specimen of H. purpureus originates from the Pillars of Hercules, Antigua. The eye spots, originally described, are now faded out. Thoracic spatulate setae are broad, without (or with only a tiny) mucro. This specimen agrees well with the description of H. circwmspiciens Ehlers, except that the tentacular crown is shorter in the first; however, it had been fixed outside the tube, permitting greater contraction. H. circumspiciens is known from the West Indian region through other records, including Sabella alba Treadwell (1917, p. 266) and Parasabella sulfurea Treadwell (1917, p. 267). Johansson (1927, p. 139) has discussed the synonymy. HYPSICOMUS species Potamilia californica TREADWELL, 1906, p. 1178 (U.S.N.M. No. 5222; vicinity of Monterey Bay, Calif.). The single type specimen bears the label “vicinity of Monterey Bay. Alb. Sta. 4551. 56-46 fms.” The setal fascicle in the collar is an elongate series; it is an example of Hypstcomus Grube. Another collection, labeled “Potamilla californica” (U.S.N.M. No. 17119) from Monterey Bay, Calif., Albatross station 4496, May 19, 1904, in 10 fathoms, contains a single, large specimen of Demonax media (Bush). Still another collection (U.S.N.M. No. 17120) from Monterey Bay, Albatross station 4463, May 18, 1904, in 111 fathoms, contains specimens of Pseudopotamilla intermedia Moore. 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 Genus POTAMETHUS Chamberlin POTAMETHUS MUCRONATUS (Moore) Ficure 15, a, h-j Notaulaz mucronata Moore, 1923, p. 248 (U.S.N.M. No. 17351; dredged off Santa Catalina Island, Calif., in 2,196 fathoms). There are several specimens in a mass of loosely intertwined, soft, mud-covered, slender tubes. The tentacular filaments are greatly elongated but of uneven lengths, and free for their entire length; they appear loosely attached to the thorax. There are no eye spots, stylodes, or color markings. The peristomial region is unusually prolonged, and the collar membrane does not nearly cover it. The setal formula of the thorax is: notopodia with bilimbate setae and spatulate setae (fig. 15, a) neuropodia with long handled avicular (fig. 15, h, 7) and pennoned setae (fig. 15, i) The pennoned setae are finer than the companion avicular setae, but the two have stems about equally long. They were seemingly over- looked in the original account since thoracic tori were said to have slender crotchets only. These fascicles are thus typical of the genus Potamethus. Only a few species have been attributed to this genus: (1) Potome- thus spathiferus (Ehlers) (1887, p. 278) originates from Florida, in 275 fathoms; (2) Potamilla malmgreni Hansen, from Norway, was referred to it by Bush (1904, p. 208); (8) Potamethus scotiae (Pixell) (1913, p. 356) comes from the Antarctic. Another species, P. elongatus (Treadwell) (see below) comes from Hawaii. The first, second, and last appear to be distinguishable as follows: i. \Collar-membrane distinctly oblique? 222-20. ea ee 2 Collar membrane straight except for ventral ends_______________ mucronatus 2. Spatulate thoracic setae with a minute mucro_________________ spathiferus Spatulate thoracic setae with a long, pointed mucro (fig. 15, d@)____ elongatus POTAMETHUS ELONGATUS (Treadwell) FIGURE 15, b-d Potamilla elongata TreaDWELL, 1906, p. 1178 (U.S.N.M. No. 5221; Albatross station 3883). The type collection, labeled “Pailolu Channel, between Maiu and Molakai Islands, Albatross Sta. 3883, in 277 fms.,” contains frag- ments of a single individual and portions of a dark, fragile, slender, silt-covered tube, very weakly chitinized. There is part of an anterior end with some radioles still attached. These are long, slender, without eyes or stylodes; they are free for their entire Jength. Their attachment to the thoracic region is weak. The peristomial region is long, a considerable portion not covered by the IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS—-HARTMAN 135 collar membrane. The collar, though now broken, is deep both dorsally and ventrally, but strongly oblique (fixed in the tube). The thoracic setal formula is as follows: notopodia with bilimbate and spatulate (fig. 15, d@) setae neuropodia with long handled avicular (fig. 15, c) and pennoned (fig. 15, b) setae The spatulate setae have a long, pointed mucro and are noticeably asymmetrical. Another unique feature is the long neck of the avic- ular setae (fig. 15, ¢) differing therein from the condition in P. mucronatus (fig. 15, h). P. elongatus is known only through its original record. h | > a d )) ; 2 Ficure 15.—Species of PoraMetruus and Cuone (enlarged) a, h-j Potamethus mucronatus (U.S.N.M. No. 17351): a, Spatulate seta; h, hooked end of thoracic uncinus; 1, tip of pennoned seta; 7, long-handled thoracic uncinus. b-d, Potamethus elongatus (U.S.N.M. No. 5222): b, Pennoned seta; c, long-handled uncinus from same fascicle; d, spatulate thoracic seta. e-g, Chone ecaudata (U.S.N.M. No. 17319): e, Spatulate, thoracic seta; f, abdominal uncinus from an anterior region; g, thoracic uncinus. Genus CHONE Malmgren CHONE ECAUDATA (Moore) Figure 15, e-g Jasminiera ecaudata Moors, 1923, p. 246 (U.S.N.M. No. 17319; off Santa Cruz Island, Calif., in 38-45 fathoms). Jasminiera ecaudata was originally described with “radioles free, without interbranchial membrane but provided on each side with a narrow, free margin of increasing width and passing into the distal 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 barbless tip which is flattened and coiled like a watch spring.” One can still clearly distinguish just this condition on many of the radioles, but I believe the “free” condition of these radioles is due to breakage. Some of the radioles are still united by a palmate membrane, extending well over half the length of the radioles; beyond the united part, it is continued distally, the full length of the radioles, ribbonlike; the distal ends are barbless. The thorax consists of eight setigers. It is provided with long handled uncini (fig. 15, g), and spatulate setae (fig. 15, e) in addi- tion to superior pointed limbate. The abdomen is provided with narrowly limbate setae ventrally, and avicular uncini (fig. 15, /) dorsally. The thoracic collar is fairly high, straight, the peristomium con- cealed. There is a middorsal notch; ventrally the collar is entire except for a slight V-shaped notch. Laterally there is a weak un- dulation, but the collar is entire. This species was originally referred to Jasminiera because the radioles were thought to lack a palmate membrane; since, however, this is believed to have been present, it is transferred to Chone. (C. ecaudata differs from (@. mollis (Bush), also from California, in that the spatulate setae of the latter are without mucro and the abdominal uncini have a much longer beak. CHONE INFUNDIBULIFORMIS Kr¢gyer Chone infundibuliformis Kr¢yEr, 1856, p. 33. Sabella picta VERRILL, 1885a, p. 440; 1885b, pl. 42, fig. 188 (U.S.N.M. No. 8706; off Newport, R. I., in 20 fathoms). Chone infundibuliformis FAUVEL, 1927, p. 334. The type of Sabella picta is labeled “Off Newport, 20 fms. Fish Hawk. Sta. no. 784.” It is typical Chone Malmgren, with entire straight collar, that is rather high, slightly flaring, with a notch dorsally. The thorax includes eight setigers, provided dorsally with bilimbate setae, and spatulate setae and ventrally with long handled hooks. Abdominal uncini are avicular. This has been compared with specimens of (. mfundibuliformis from western Europe and is believed to be identical. LITERATURE CITED ANDREWS, ETHAN ALLEN. 1891. 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Additions to the Turbellaria, Nemertinao and Annelida of the Bermudas, with revisions of some New England genera and species. Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 10, pp. 595-671, 1 pl. WEBSTER, HARRISON EDWIN. 1879. Annelida Chaetopoda of the Virginian coast. Trans. Albany Inst., vol. 9, pp. 202-269, 11 pls. 1884, Annelida from Bermuda, collected by G. Brown Goode. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 25, pp. 305-327, 6 pls. WEBSTER, HARRISON EpWIN, and BENEDICT, JAMES EVERARD. 1884. The Annelida Chaetopoda from Provincetown and Wellfleet, Mass. Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. (for 1881), pp. 699-747, 8 pls. 1887. The Annelida Chaetopoda from Eastport, Maine. Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. (for 1885), pp. 707-755, 8 pls. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1942 PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued 4% SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 92 Washington: 1942 No. 3143 THE SARDIS (GEORGIA) METEORITE By E. P. Henperson and C. Wyre Cooke In April 1940 a small, rusted fragment about the size of a half dollar was sent to the United States National Museum by Fred M. Allen, of the Chamber of Commerce in Waynesboro, Ga. Upon inves- tigation it was found to be unusually heavy, and certain other proper- ties suggested that it might be a meteorite. A chemical test on the specimen disclosed the presence of nickel. Further examination showed some of the unoxidized nickel-iron alloy, and these observa- tions proved that it was a part of a meteorite. Mr. Allen was promptly notified of his find and was urged to furnish additional information, as well as a larger and better specimen for examination. He replied that the reported mass was believed to weigh several thousand pounds but said that he had not himself seen it. The following month Mr. Allen submitted the second specimen and at this time corrected his former estimate of the size of the mass. Estimating the volume of the small specimen and knowing its weight he determined the weight per cubic inch of this material. After approximating the volume of the large specimen he predicted that it should weigh between 1,500 and 1,800 pounds. The meteorite actu- ally was found to weigh 1,740 pounds. In July, Mr. Allen wrote that his information had been furnished by the county sanitarian, W. H. Powell, and suggested that further correspondence be addressed to him. Mr. Powell was advised by letter of our interest in the specimen. The National Museum is greatly indebted to Mr. Allen for submitting the first sample and 141 439171—42 142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 also to Mr. Powell for his spirit of cooperation, as well as for the manner in which he handled the removal of the meteorite. Location and discovery.—The Sardis meteorite was recovered near Beaverdam Creek in the northern part of Jenkins County about 200 yards from the Burke County line. The nearest town is Sardis; there- fore, it is proposed that this fall should bear its name. Sardis is in Burke County, but the specimen was found just over the line in Jenkins County. The place of discovery is 614 miles west-southwest of Sardis and 11 miles north-northeast of Millen, in latitude 32°56’56’” N. and longitude 80°51’54”” W. as given on the U. S. Geological Survey map of the Millen quadrangle. Though the cottonfield in which this discovery was made has been under constant cultivation for about 50 years, the meteorite was not found until 1940, when a boy fouled his plow in such a manner as to cause him to investigate the obstruction. There was either something different in the manner in which the plow snagged that day or else the boy’s interests had been freshly aroused by the frequent rumors of buried treasures often reported to be in this part of the country. When General Sherman made his famous march to the sea he passed through this area, and rumor still has it that the treasures of many families were buried to protect them from the invading army and have never been relocated. The plowman knew there were no rocks in this vicinity, so that anything causing his plow to snag was rather unusual and perhaps a hidden treasure. He probably guessed that his “pot of gold” lay right here. He uncovered the object, undercut one side, and then assisted by neighbors dug a deep cavity under one side and turned it over into the new hole. Fortunately in the struggle to overturn it a few frag- ments were broken off. Because of the unusual weight of these pieces the finders’ curiosity was aroused, and so they sought Mr. Powell’s advice as to the nature of this rock. The treasure hunt was perhaps a disappointment to these men be- cause, after all their struggle, they found under it only orange-red sandy clay. After reburial the meteorite remained there for nearly a year until Mr. Powell by the assistance of a wrecking truck removed it from the field, crated it, and shipped it to the United States National Museum. Little did they realize that this heavy rock was not only a treasure but one of the five largest masses of meteoritic material ever to be found in this country. Its arrival on this earth probably pre- ceded that of white man to this continent by countless centuries. Description of the Sardis meteorite—The over-all measurements taken in three directions at right angles to one another are 33 by 28 by 16 inches. The general shape is that of a flattened ellipsoid, but its present shape and dimensions are of little importance because an THE SARDIS METEORITE—HENDERSON AND COOKE 143 unknown amount of material has been removed by weathering. No features were found resembling either flight markings or the original crust of the meteorite. In color and appearance the Sardis meteorite resembles a mass of limonite, but on closer examination a series of connecting fractures can be seen crossing the surface in a pattern resembling that made by the shrinkage cracks in sun-dried mud. Many of these fractures are as much as 2 inches deep, and on the sides of these can be seen traces of an octahedral structure. The main mass of the Sardis meteorite weighs 1,740 pounds. As it is too heavy to be placed on the Museum’s bandsaw, it will not be sectioned. It would be interesting to learn to what depth the unfrac- tured meteorite has been altered. When we removed the weathered soil from the place where this meteorite originally lay 20 pounds of small fragments were found. Some of these resembled a brown sandstone with hydrous iron oxide, limonite, acting as a cementing medium for the sand grains. After these pieces were cut and polished some of the larger areas of limonite were noted to have an octahedral structure, that is, it is meteoritic iron completely altered to a hydrous brown oxide. The brown iron oxide, which served as a cementing medium for the sand grains, was found to contain considerable nickel. This indicates that the meteorite had been in part dissolved and carried away by groundwater. Also, some of the sand grains of the matrix are ce- mented to the fractured surfaces of the meteorite fragments, giving it the appearance of sandstone. The nickel apparently is partly re- tained in the iron oxide after precipitation, just as nickel and iron are precipitated together in the laboratory. The polished surfaces of some of the pieces containing metallic iron show that the Sardis meteorite belongs to the coarse octahedrite group. Very little taenite and only one inclusion of troilite are present. A few very small inclusions of schreibersite were noticed. The alteration seems to have been most active along the boundaries between the kamacite areas. The chemical composition of the Sardis meteorite is indicated by the following analysis (E. P. Henderson, analyst). [5 See SAR Sere Cede eee S 92. 08 th Men Ak Cott ys ee de eed aoe 6. 69 ye ck 2 eh eg LS eee 0. 47 | ET A SA EN SS eae oe 0. 24 eet ean eta Und een UL D trace 99. 48 Topographic relations —We did not visit the site until February 1941, which was several weeks after the meteorite had been received in 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 the Museum. As Mr. Powell had stated in his letters, there were no scars on the surface. The field slopes gently northward from a rounded crest encircled by the 280-foot contour line to the south fork of Beaver- dam Creek, which is 0.6 mile away and flows at an altitude of 220 feet above sea level. The meteorite lay about 250 feet above sea level and about midway between the top of the slope and the creek bed. Shallow wooded valleys leading to Beaverdam Creek lie just east and west of this field, and the two slopes grade evenly together. There is no indi- cation that this plowed field has eroded very rapidly, nor is there any evidence of craterlike depressions. After Mr. Powell pointed out the spot, we shoveled away the weath- ered, sandy soil down to the hardened surface on which the meteorite had rested. This proved to be compact, sandy clay of the Hawthorne formation of middle Miocene age, which at this place is covered by about 24 inches of loose sandy residual soil. Nothing was found in the Hawthorne sediments that could be taken as evidence of any dis- tortion or disturbance. One would suppose that a freely falling body of this size would certainly crush or shatter even any consolidated rocks on which it fell. Surely this sandy clay, under the blow of so many thousand-foot pounds, would spatter away. The craterlike scar might not be preserved for an indefinitely long time, but such a de- pression would last for at least several hundred years. Plowing and harrowing would tend to erase such a scar, but it is doubtful if either normal cultivation or natural agencies would level it within a single century. The present owner of the land has tilled this field for nearly 50 years, and, as the farm belonged to his father, he would almost certainly have heard about it if such a large meteorite had fallen on his farm within the past 75 years. General topographic features of this district suggest that erosion has not been very rapid. There is no apparent geological evidence to indicate that the general surface of this area has been reduced at a rate faster than 1 inch each 100 years; in all probability erosion has been at an even slower rate. Depth of penetration—Many factors, each with an almost unlimited number of variabilities, determine the depth to which a meteorite penetrates into the ground. Among the important factors are the rigidity of the meteorite, its shape, velocity of descent, and the nature of the material on which it landed. Meteorites of equal weight and velocity would not all bury themselves to the same depth in loose sand, because different meteoritic individuals have different rigidities. Some stony meteorites are rather friable when found, but just how firm these objects were prior to their impact with the earth is not known. It seems likely that iron meteorites, all other things being equal, would penetrate deeper than stony ones because of their greater rigidity or toughness. PEATE 14 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 92 S. NATIONAL. MUSEUM U. vy ysossns Of ddUsplAd [PUI3]x9 OU ‘IUIOIJOUL B st jl JSOW]e SI EPeleat ey. Peto vom Ajdaap os n We, 9UIOI}OUI SIpI¥g 94] fO sseu ule lu FUL PEASE 92 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Ppeloy eam yep ou TL, ‘Qe Tt peysijod oy} jo aurid oy} Wolf UMOp sodojs }fo[ 94d 4e 9UOZ *sroyuyne out Aq punoj JUSS e IT Be Wort 3nd SsPM UOlIIIS sty] *(9ZIs [e4anj}eu ) IUIpPIyeIO 9SIvO-) THE SARDIS METEORITE—HENDERSON AND COOKE 145 Velocity and the angle of incidence are important factors in deter- mining the depth of penetration. An individual stone of the Hessle? fall weighing about 4 pounds was found on a frozen lake where it fell at a time when the ice was only a few inches thick. An object of this weight falling from only a mile high would exert 21,200 foot-pounds of energy, which surely would be sufficient to puncture the ice if this force were applied in a direction normal to the surface. Since the individual stone failed to break the ice, the meteorite must have either approached the ice with a high angle of incidence or for some reason had its velocity greatly reduced. Recorded state- ments of eyewitnesses indicate that the Hessle meteorite had a remark- ably small downward velocity. The Allegan, Mich., meteorite weighing 70 pounds penetrated a sandy soil only about 18 inches, but this stony fall, when recovered, was considerably shattered. The 660-pound Knyahinya stony mete- orite struck the ground at an estimated angle of about 25° from the vertical and penetrated to a depth of 11 feet. The Hraschina, a 71-pound iron, was reported to have penetrated 18 feet; the 820-pound Paragould, Ark., stone, a witnessed fall, penetrated the clay soil to 8 feet. The Hugoton, Kans., meteorite, a 749-pound stone, was recov- ered in a cornfield where it, too, was discovered by fouling the plow- point. The base of the Hugoton was only 3 feet below the present surface of the field, but this stone may be a very old fall, and much of its covering had been eroded away. Nininger ? has summarized some information on the average depths of individuals according to their weight: Number of individuals Wietenr oF speci- | Depth of penetration Pounds Inches ge ge er ape RE PE ae Oe Sp Se 50—100 32 REESE LEU RE |g IS AE Sn ae EE eS 100—200 43 rT Es pos ies be Me fa a, ea at RS ke a 200-400 48 In the Odessa crater of Ector County, Tex., which has been under investigation for some time, recent work indicates that perhaps a large mass of this fall has been located. “Two test holes, 10 feet apart, encountered at a depth of 164 feet, a mass that was essentially un- affected by pounding of the 1,500-pound drilling bit. This is believed to be a meteorite.” 3 1Flight, Walter, History of meteorites, p. 2, 1887. London. ?Nininger, H. H., Depth of meteorites and gradation of the Great Plains. Journ. Geol., vol. 44, No. 1, p. 66, 1936. 3 Sellards, E. H., Private communication. 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 92 As the Sardis iron meteorite is sufficiently firm to withstand the impact with the earth without failing, it should have been able to pene- trate sandy soil to a depth of more than 6 feet. The base of the Sardis rested somewhere between 24 and 30 inches below the present surface of the plowed field. This would indicate, if any value whatsoever can be attached to the conservative estimate of the 6-foot penetration, arrived at indirectly, that at least 48 inches of sediment has been removed from above this meteorite since it fell. If 4 feet of sediment has been removed from this surface, the top of the unweathered Hawthorne was once well above the uppermost part of the Sardis meteorite, for the bottom of the soil zone tends to weather down as the top is removed. Loose sand derived from the Hawthorne formation would have been the material scattered by the impact of the meteorite, but erosion long ago has removed that old weathered soil, and thus carried away all traces of its crater. Like- wise, if the compact Hawthorne beds had been shattered by the impact, the weathering agents and circulating waters would tend to obliterate all effects of the disturbance. Time of fall—For reasons already stated it seems likely that the Sardis meteorite did not fall within the past century. Even had it struck elsewhere and ricocheted to its last resting place at any time within the past hundred years, vivid stories of a falling star or some unusual phenomenon would probably still be well known by some of the older generation living in the neighborhood. However, the ques- tion of whether it fell several thousand years, a million, or even 10 million years ago is problematical, and only indirect reasoning can be applied to date its fall. Aerial photographic maps of this district fail to show any craterlike scars within a radius of several miles that even remotely resemble a meteoric scar. The Sardis meteorite is deeply weathered, and this weathering in itself would require considerable time; but here, again, no definite rate of weathering can be determined, as different meteorites have different degrees of stability. It is true that the Sardis specimen is not the most stable of irons. Polished sections cut from some of the larger frag- ments that display some iron-nickel alloy will tarnish within a few weeks when exposed to the atmosphere in the Museum; however, we have every reason to believe that if this same specimen were exposed in the open outside air, it would be much more stable. It is difficult to prove this by reasoning, but actual experience shows that some meteorites placed in the open actually disintegrate less rapidly than when placed inside a building. As stated, the Sardis meteorite may have fallen a great many thousand years ago and have buried itself very deeply into the exposed Hawthorne formation. The estimate of 72 inches is only a conserva- THE SARDIS METEORITE—HENDERSON AND COOKE 147 tive speculation; it might have penetrated deeper, and, if so, the geo- logical evidence of a scar would definitely be eroded by now. This part of the Coastal Plain has little relief, and Beaverdam Creek, the principal drainage system of the immediate vicinity, has a gradient of only 10 feet in a mile. Thus erosion is extremely slow, and to remove 48 inches or more of surface might require several thousand years. It is likewise possible that the Sardis meteorite fell into the sea in Miocene times and had its impact cushioned by striking the water, in which it gently settled to the bottom and was buried by the slowly accumulating Hawthorne formation. If this were true, corrosion would be active for a while, but the thickening oxide crust would offer increased protection as time elapsed. Furthermore, the sedi- ments would, in all probability, soon cover it, thereby decreasing the circulation of water and retarding the rate of alteration. If the Sardis iron was incorporated in the Miocene beds at the time of their forma- tion, the meteorite would not have become exposed to rapidly circu- lating water or air until late Pleistocene time or possibly until the Recent epoch, by which time a considerable thickness of upper Miocene and Pliocene sediments had been removed, and the level of permanent saturation had fallen below the meteorite. Relation to depressions and elliptical bays.—As there are many de- pressions of various shapes and sizes within a few miles of the place where the Sardis meteorite was recovered, we considered the possi- bility that some of them might be meteorite scars. For reasons given earlier in this paper, we are inclined to believe that the Sardis mete- orite fell in the far distant past, probably in Miocene time, and that any scar in the rocks made by it has long since been obliterated. There are many depressions of various sizes between Spring Mill Branch and Little Buckhead Creek, 5 to 10 miles southwest of the place where the Sardis iron was found. A depression about one- eighth of a mile long and nearly as wide lies about three-quarters of a mile southwest of Perkins, 7 miles away. There is another bay northwest of Perkins. A bay about one-half mile long by three- eighths mile wide lies about one and one-quarter miles east by north of Magnolia Spring and 6 miles southwest of the spot. About 10 miles west-northwest of the site of the Sardis find there are several parallel depressions about three-eighths of a mile long by about one-quarter of a mile wide extending a few degrees east of south. These depressions or bays are considered by C. W. Cooke to be sinks made by solution of the Cooper marl, which crops out at Magnolia Spring on Spring Mill Branch. 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 92 Another group of sinks near the head of Beaverdam Creek, 3 to 5 miles northwest of this find, presumably is the result of solution of a calcareous bed in the Barnwell formation, which immediately under- lies a thin cover of overlapping Hawthorne formation in that region. Several ponds about 12 miles north of the Sardis site and occupying depressions in the Barnwell formation, indicate either solution of the Barnwell or the McBean formation, which hes beneath the surface. Both formations contain soluble beds. Besides these comparatively small ponds and bays of somewhat irregular shape and orientation, which obviously were formed by solu- tion, aerial photographs reveal on the plains of South Carolina 20 miles east several groups of much larger but very shallow elliptical depressions, all trending N.45°W. These are of the “Carolina bay” type, about whose origin there has been much speculation. We are of the opinion that these bays are not scars of meteorites, as has been suggested. They are much too shallow in proportion to their area, many being much more than 200 times as wide as deep, whereas craters of known meteoritic origin range from 29.4 to 6 times.® The Sardis meteorite, because of its size, represents one of the most important meteorites of this country. If the total known weight of this fall is compared with the total known weights of other falls, the Sardis stands as the tenth on the list of meteorites from the United States. It is of more importance than that because only five larger meteoritic specimens have so far been found in this country. The following list gives in descending order of their total recorded weights the 11 largest known meteorites ever to have fallen in this country. Such weights are never accurate, and perhaps in cases such as Canyon Diablo and Brenham they are far too conservative. 4Melton, F. A., and Schriever, William, The Carolina bays—are they meteorite scars? Journ. Geol., vol. 41, pp. 52-66, 1933. Prouty, W. F., Carolina bays and elliptical lake basins. Journ. Geol., vol. 48, p. 200, 1935. Cooke, C. Wythe, Origin of the so-called meteorite scars of South Carolina. Science News Letter, vol. 23, p. 202, 1933. Discussion of the origin of the supposed meteorite scars of South Carolina. Journ. Geol., vol. 42, pp. 89-96, 1934. . Elliptical bays in South Carolina and the shape of eddies. Journ. Geol., vol. 48, pp. 205-211, 1940. Johnson, Douglas, Supposed meteorite sears in South Carolina. Science, new ser., vol. 79, p. 461, 1934. Role of artesian waters in forming the Carolina bays. Science, new ser., vol. 86, pp. 255-258, 1937. 5 Spencer, L. J., Geogr. Journ., vol. 81, No. 3, Mar. 1933. THE SARDIS METEORITE—HENDERSON AND COOKE 149 ELEVEN LARGEST METEORITES FOUND IN THE UNITED STATES se com | Maes PamVclamettes