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DATA LIBRARY
REFERENCE COLLECTION

-A QDS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUT es

NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER

MANUAL SERIES

PROCESSING PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
FROM OCEANOGRAPHIC STATIONS

_ T451-AR
M=2
Atlas
S
REFERENCE

PUBLICATION M-2

The National Oceanographic Data Center is sponsored by six
government agencies having an interest in the marine environ-
ment; it is governed by an Advisory Board composed of
representatives of these activities and the National Academy
of Sciences. The U. S. Navy Hydrographic Office is assigned
responsibility for management of the National Oceanographic
Data Center.

The sponsoring agencies are:
ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

WEATHER BUREAU

Printed by
U. S. NAVY HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.
1962

Price 90 cents

MBL/WHOi

MO

MNT

0 0301 OO41eb1 5

NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER

MANUAL SERIES

PROCESSING PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
FROM OCEANOGRAPHIC STATIONS

PUBLICATION M-2

1962

DATALIBRARY

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FOREWORD

This publication describes the methods used at the National
Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) for reducing processed physical
and chemical oceanographic station data to a standard format. It
is intended also for use by other agencies or contributors interested

in furnishing oceanographic data to NODC or making their
compatible with those of NODC. An outline of the format
Computed Card is included in order to acquaint the users
oceanographic station data holdings with the end product
routinely performed computations.

eal
i] (fest
W. c.g COBS
Director

National Oceanographic Data

data systems
of the
of the NODC
of the

Center

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD

LIST OF TABLES

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL

CODING THE MASTER CARD INFORMATION

ENTRIES FOR SURFACE ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
(MASTER CARD)

CODING THE DETAIL CARD INFORMATION
ENTRIES FOR SUBSURFACE OBSERVATIONS (DETAIL CARD)
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PUNCHING NODC OCEANOGRAPHIC
STATION CARDS FROM THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
DATA CODING FORM

MASTER CARD

DETAIL CARD

THE COMPUTED DATA CARD

COMPUTED MASTER CARD

COMPUTED OBSERVED CARD

COMPUTED STANDARD DEPTH CARD

CARD TYPE IDENTIFICATION CODE

APPENDIX I - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA FORM,

NHO-NODC-3167/1 (9-61) AND OCEANOGRAPHIC
STATION CARD

105

NUMBER
1.

10.

1s

alee.

UES.

alte

15-

16.

Ue, AILS) UE (0) RE sy irr dats)

COUNTRY CODE - International Geophysical Year
(IGY) Code

TENTH CONVERSION - Conversion from Seconds (of
Position or Minutes (of Time)
to Tenths of Minutes or Hour

MARSDEN SQUARE CHART

TIME - Conversion from Local to Greenwich Mean Time
(GMT )

DEPTH - Conversion from Fathoms to Meters
DEPTH - Conversion from Feet to Meters (tenths)
ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS

WATER COLOR - Forel-Ule Scale and Conversion from
other Color Scales

DIRECTION - In Tens of Degrees from which Waves
and/or Winds are Coming

DIRECTION - Conversion from Points, Quarter Points,
or a Scale of 32, To a Scale of 36 Points

HEIGHT - WMO Code 1555 for Recording Height of the
Dominant Waves

PERIOD - WMO Code 3155 for Recording Period of the
Dominant Waves

SEA STATE - Conversion from the Douglas Scale to
WMO Code 3700

WIND SPEED - Conversion from Meters per Second
to Knots

WIND SPEED - Conversion from Miles per Hour to Knots

WIND SPEED - Conversion from Kilometers per Hour to
Knots

vil

PAGE

eh

ho

LI
he

43

TABLE
NUMBER

LT.

18.

19.

20.

el.

Bere

23.

eh,

25.

26.

Cite

28.

29.
30.
sie

iis O-r ACB Ee Seo Nero)

WIND SPEED - Conversion from Feet per Second to Knots

WIND FORCE - Conversion from Knots, Meters per Second,
Kilometers per Hour, and Miles per Hour
to the Beaufort Wind Scale

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE - Conversion from Inches of
Mercury to Millibars

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE - Conversion from Millimeters
of Mercury to Millibars

TEMPERATURE - Conversion from Fahrenheit to
Centigrade

PRESENT WEATHER - WMO Code 4501 for Recording
Present Weather

PRESENT WEATHER - Conversion from Beaufort Weather
Notation to WMO Code 4501

PRESENT WEATHER - Conversion from 1936 International
Meteorological Organization Code
to the WMO Code 4501

PRESENT WEATHER - WMO Code 4677 for Recording Present
Weather

CLOUD TYPE (GENUS) - WMO Code 0500 for Recording
Cloud Type (Genus)

CLOUD AMOUNT - WMO Code 2700 for Recording Cloud
Amount

VISIBILITY - WMO Code 4300 for Recording Visibility
at Surface

PRECISION OF MEASUREMENT
SALINITY - Conversion from Chlorinity to Salinity (%)

OXYGEN - Conversion from Milligrams per Liter to
Milliliters per Liter (NTP)

Vill

PAGE

yy

45

6

47

50

58

a9

60

64,

68

69

70
al
ite

ois

33.

34.

35-

36.

37-

38.

39+

ho.

LIST OF TABLES (CONT'D)

OXYGEN - Conversion from Milligram-Atoms per Liter
to Milliliters per Liter

PHOSPHORUS - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter
of Inorganic P to Microgram-Atoms per
Liter of P

PHOSPHATE - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter
of PO) to Microgram-Atoms per Liter of
PO), -P

PHOSPHORUS PENTOXIDE - Conversion from Micrograms
per Liter of Po05 to Microgram-~
Atoms per Liter of P

NITRITE - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter of NO»
to Microgram-Atoms per Liter of NOo-N

NITRATE - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter of N03
to Microgram-Atoms per Liter of NO3-N

SILICON - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter of Si
to Microgram-Atoms per Liter of Si

SILICON DIOXIDE - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter

of Si05 to Microgram-Atoms per
Liter of S105-Si

SILICATE - Conversion from Milligrams per Liter of
Si03 to Microgram-Atoms per Liter of
Si03-Si

PAGE

88

fs)

on

96

oi

98

100

102

alloys}

INTRODUCTION

This manual is intended to provide the necessary instructions
and conversion tables for reducing processed marine physical and
chemical environmental data collected at oceanographic stations to
a standard format. Instructions for punching the National Oceano-
graphic Data Center (NODC) Physical and Chemical Oceanographic Station
Data Punch Card also are contained in this manual. This is the stand-
ard format used at the NODC; it is intended also for use by other
agencies or contributors interested in furnishing oceanographic data
to the Data Center or making their data systems compatible with those
of NODC. The card format and codes described in this manual have
resulted from comments and suggestions by the oceanographic community.
Its main features are based on the report of the Eastern Pacific Oceanic
Conference (EPOC) Committee on Machine Processing for Oceanographic Data,
the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) oceano-
graphic station card format, the Canadian Oceanographic Data Center (CODC),
and the card format formerly used at the U. S. Navy Hydrographic Office.
The card used by NODC is the 80-column Hollerith punch card. Each
column contains ten numbers (0-9) and two additional places above the
O, designated as the X and Y overpunches. Only one number is used in
each column; X and Y are used in combination with numbers to produce

alphabetic codes or to denote various special numeric indicators.

GENERAL

Three basic oceanographic station data cards are in use currently
at NODC. These are the Master Card, the Observed Detail Card, and the
Standard Detail Card. Actually, a single, multi-purpose card is used
on which the three headings are printed; the identification of the card
and the headings to be used are indicated by a control punch in
Column 80. The function of each card is as follows: (1) a single
Master Card is used to identify each oceanographic station and to
record general surface environmental and meteorological information
at the station; (2) a separate Observed Detail Card is punched for
each depth at which chemical and physical data were taken; and (3) a
Standard Detail Card may be punched for standard depths with interpolated
physical and chemical data; usually this card is produced automatically
by the IBM 7070/1401 Computer System for all standard depths.

The standard multi-purpose card also is used to record the results
of the various computations programmed by NODC on the IBM 7070; when
ecards bear computed values they are referred to as Computed Cards; before
computation they are called Data Cards. Additional types of cards are
currently under development for recording biological, geological, and
additional chemical information observed at the station.

Each oceanographic cruise or source of oceanographic station data
processed by NODC is assigned a "reference identity number." NODC
Publication C-1, "Reference Sources for Oceanographic Station Data,"

gives the bibliographic and other pertinent information for each cruise

by reference identity number. A cruise master card bearing information
common to the cruise as a whole, as well as codes indicating observational
techniques and accuracy, eventually will be provided for each cruise.

The format of this card is now being developed by NODC on the basis of
comments and suggestions received from the oceanographic community.

To facilitate card punching, all data are coded or transcribed onto
the NODC "Physical and Chemical Data Form for Oceanographic Stations,"
NODC form NHO-NODC- 3167/1 (9-61), which contains space for coding the
station Master Card information and for coding physical and chemical
information at 25 observed depths. The entries on this form are arranged
in the same order as they appear on the punch card (decimal places are
marked by dots). The shaded portion of the form is for information to
be filled in by NODC only. Some columns are left out on the portion of
the form which corresponds to the detail card; these data are always
machine reproduced or computed and do not need to be filled in by the

observer or coder.

CODING THE MASTER CARD INFORMATION
General instructions for entries on the data form:
1. Use standard rounding procedures whenever rounding is necessary.
Example: > 5 add one (1) to preceding column

<5 drop
5 round to nearest even number

2. When necessary, O's are prefixed to fill a field but do not need
to be suffixed.
Example: <A temperature of 6.3°C. should be
recorded and punched in Columns 33-37
as 06.3 with Columns 36 and 37 left

blank and unpunched.

ENTRIES FOR SURFACE ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION (MASTER CARD)
(See Appendix I, page 105, for sample Physical and Chemical Data Form.)
COLUMNS 1 and 2 COUNTRY CODE
Enter the IGY country code shown in Table 1. Regardless of the ship's
registry, country code should reflect the nationality of the agency
sponsoring or operating the vessel for the particular cruise being
coded.
COLUMNS 3 and 4 SHIP CODE
Enter the first two letters of the ship's name (eg. AL = ALBATROSS,
DI = DISCOVERY, HS = HUGH M. SMITH). Duplication of ship letters within
any one country code must be avoided (e.g. U. S. ALBATROSS = AL,
U. S. ALBACORA = AB). If ship is unknown, leave Columns 3 and 4 blank.
COLUMNS 5 - 9 LATITUDE
Enter latitude in degrees and minutes. Enter tenths of minute, when
available, in Column 9. ‘Table 2 converts seconds to tenths of a minute.
Enter N or S in the space provided on the data form.
COLUMNS 10 - 15 LONGITUDE
Enter longitude in degrees and minutes. Enter tenths of minute, when
available, in Column 15. Table 2 converts seconds to tenths of a minute.

Enter E or W in the space provided on the data form.

COLUMNS 16 - 18 MARSDEN SQUARE
This number will be machine computed if not given. A Marsden Square
Chart is provided as Table 3 for convenience in locating the station

positions according to the Marsden Square system.

Note on Columns 5—18: For station position use location as determined on arrival at oceanographic station
whenever possible. Indicate appreciable drift during the time station was occupied by an entry in the Remarks
space and a red dash in Column 16.

COLUMNS 19 - 20 YEAR
Enter last two digits of year as determined by Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
COLUMNS 21 - 22 MONTH
Enter month as determined by GMT, using Arabic numerals Ol through 12.
COLUMNS 23 - 2h DAY
Enter day of month as determined by GMT. Prefix O if less than 10.
COLUMNS 25 - 27 TIME
Enter hour and tenths of hour of time of station in GMI. Use either
time of first cast or time at which applicable surface environmental
data were obtained. Table 4 converts local time to GMT and Table 2
converts minutes to tenths of an hour.
COLUMNS 28 - 30 SHIP'S CRUISE NUMBER
Enter the number, alphabetic or alpha-numeric designator or its closest
equivalent, assigned to the cruise by the originator. Leave blank if
none. Example: MRL 60 = 060
COLUMNS 31 - 33 SHIP'S STATION NUMBER
Enter ship's station number as assigned by the originator. When complex

station numbering systems are employed (such as station numbers containing

positional codes) which require more than 3 columns to record, use the
additional columns in the Special Observations field, Columns 68-72.
In this case, put a red dash in Column 68.

COLUMNS 34 - 37 DEPTH TO BOTTOM
Enter corrected or uncorrected soundings (as determined at the location
given in Columns 5-15) in meters. For corrected soundings, put a red
dash in Column 37. Table 5 converts fathoms to meters; Table 6 converts
feet to meters. Although Table 6 is given to tenths of a meter for
added accuracy in recording observed depths in the detail card, depth
to bottom, Columns 34-37, is rounded to the nearest whole meter.

COLUMNS 38 - 39 MAXIMUM SAMPLE DEPTH
Enter the depth of the deepest sample (temperature or salinity or poth)
to the nearest hundred-meter interval. Round as follows: 0-50 = OO,
51-150 = O01, 151-250 = 02, etc.

COLUMNS 4O - 41 ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS CODE
A two digit code to indicate varioys kinds of additional data collected
at the station but not recorded on the Master or Detail Card is to be
entered in this space. The code currently is under development; when
completed it will be issued as Table 7.

COLUMNS 42 - 45 WATER COLOR AND TRANSPARENCY
Enter water color in Columns 42 and 43 according to the Forel-Ule scale.
Table 8 shows the Forel-Ule scale and conversions from other color scales.
Enter transparency values in whole meters in Columns 44 and 45 obtained

by using a white, 30 cm. Secchi disc.

COLUMNS 46 - 49 WAVE DIRECTION, HEIGHT AND PERIOD
(OR SEA STATE)

Enter the direction from which the dominant waves come in Columns 46 and

47 according to WMO Code 0885 (23B)* as shown in Table 9. (If wave height
is 16 feet or greater, 50 must be added to code value of direction. )

Enter the height of the dominant waves in Column 48 according to WMO

Code 1555 (42)* shown in Table 11. (If Sea State is given, see note below.)
Enter the period of the dominant waves in Column 49 according to WMO Code
3155 (69)* as shown in Table 12.

To record Sea State instead of wave height and period, enter the state of sea (or amount) in Column 48

according to WMO Code 8700 (75)* as shown in Table 13 and cross out H in Column 48; leave Column 49
blank.

COLUMNS 50 - 53 WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED (OR FORCE)
Enter direction from which the wind blows in Columns 50 and 51 according
to WMO Code 0877 (23)* as shown in Table 9. Table 10 is for conversion
from points, quarter points, or a scale of 32. There is a choice of
either wind speed or force in this field:
1. Wind speed in knots. Conversions are given in:
Table 14 (meters/second to knots)
Table 15 (miles/hour to knots)
Table 16 (kilometers/hour to knots)
Table 17 (feet/second to knots)
2. Wind force according to the Beaufort scale as
defined by Table 18. (Do not use WMO Code 1144 (30)*.)
Important: the unit not used, i.e. speed or force,

should be crossed off the data form.

*Number in parentheses represents old WMO Code number.

COLUMNS 54 - 56 BAROMETER

Enter barometric pressure in millibars. Enter tens, units, and tenths
only. (Example: 1012.62 = 12.6.) The recordable range is 945.0 to
1044.9 mbs. Enter pressure falling outside this range in the Remarks
space of the data form. Table 19 converts inches to millibars. Table
20 converts millimeters to millibars.

COLUMNS 57 - 62 ATR TEMPERATURE, DRY BULB
AND WET BULB TEMPERATURES

Enter dry bulb temperature in Columns 57-59 and wet bulb temperature
in Columns 60-62 in °C to tenths. Indicate negative temperature by
a prominent red dash over the numeral (s ) in Column (s ) Dil and/or 60.
Table 21 converts °F to °C.
COLUMNS 63 - 64 WEATHER
There is a choice of two types of entries for weather:
1. Enter an X in Colum 63 and enter the weather
in Column 64 according to the single digit WMO Code
4501 (90A)* as shown in Table 22. This is the preferred
weather code.
2. Enter present weather in Columns 63 and 64 accord-
ing to the two digit WMO Code 4677 (92)* as shown in
Table 25. Because code figures OO through 03 are not
descriptive of present weather, Code 4501 is preferred
instead of these code figures. Conversions from other

weather codes are given in Tables 23 and ok,

*Number in parentheses represents old WMO Code number.

COLUMN 65 CLOUD TYPE

Enter type (genus) of cloud according to WMO Code 0500 (10)* as shown
in Table 26.

COLUMN 66 CLOUD AMOUNT
Enter cloud amount (fraction of the sky covered by clouds) in eighths
according to WMO Code 2700 (60)* as shown in Table 27.

COLUMN 67 VISIBILITY
Enter visibility according to WMO Code 4300 (85A)* as shown in Table 28.

COLUMNS 68 - 72 SPECIAL OBSERVATIONS
Enter special observations in this space. Specify nature of special
observations, units, codes, and columns used in the Remarks space of
the data form. As mentioned previously, these columns also may be
used for ship's station numbers that exceed 3 digits (see page 5,
Columns 31-33, SHIP'S STATION NUMBER). However, when used for this
purpose, no other information may be placed in this field.

COLUMNS 73 - 80 PROCESSING NUMBERS
(TO BE COMPLETED BY NODC)

The reference identity number assigned by NODC is entered in Columns
(3=f2e

NODC assigns numbers to each station consecutively in the order in which
they appear in the source. These "consec numbers" are entered in Columns
76-79. NODC enters one (1) in Column 80 to identify the station Master

Card.

“Number in parentheses represents old WMO Code number.

CODING THE DETATL CARD INFORMATION

General instructions for entries on the data form:
1. Columns 32, 37, and 42, marked i, may be used for the
following purposes:
a) For insertion of an additional decimal place,
if needed, or
b) For insertion of a "precision of measurement"

indicator. An alphabetic code, applicable to

depth, temperature, and salinity, will indicate

the estimated limits of accuracy determined by the

observer. This code, presently under development,

will be distributed as Table 29. (Columns 32, 37,

and 42 cannot be used simultaneously for any one

eruise or station for both additional decimal places

and precision of measurement indicator. )
2. To indicate doubtful depth, temperature, and salinity place
a question mark (?) in the indicator columns (i.e., Columns 32,
37, and ho) or in the case of oxygen and optional chemistry after
the last numeral of the value in the last column of the field.
The last column of each field has been widened on the data form
to allow for the possible entry of both a numeral and a question

mark.

10

ENTRIES FOR SUBSURFACE OBSERVATIONS (DETAIL CARD)

(See Appendix I, page 105, for sample Physical and Chemtcal Data Form.)

COLUMNS 1 - 24 IDENTIFICATION ENTRIES

These columns are identical to the Master Card and need not be filled in.
The information is automatically reproduced in the Observed Detail Card
from the Master Card.
COLUMNS 25 - 27 MESSENGER TIME
Enter hour and tenths of hour in GMT at time of release of messenger
applicable to the observational level. Table 2 converts minutes to
tenths of an hour. The time entry also serves to distinguish multiple
casts at one station. If a single cast constitutes the station, the
messenger time need be entered only at the shallowest (O-meter ) level.
COLUMNS 28 - 32 DEPTH OF SAMPLE
Enter depth of a sample in meters in Columns 28 - 31. Column 32 may be
used to enter tenths of a meter, if desired, or the alphabetic precision
indicator (see general instructions). To indicate thermometrically
determined depths place a cross (f) in Column 32. The entries in the
depth field should be corrected depths only. Standard depths are
normally interpolated by the computer and need not be entered on the
data form.
If interpolated standard depths are entered, leave messenger time blank and insert a 7 in Column 80.
COLUMNS 33 - 37 TEMPERATURE
Enter temperature in °C to hundredths in Columns 33-36; Column 37 is
for an additional decimal or precision indicator coded according to
Table 29. To indicate a negative temperature, place a prominent minus
sign in red before the numeral entry in Column 33. (Column 33 has

extra width for this purpose.)

11

COLUMNS 38 - 42 SALINITY
Enter salinity in parts per thousand to hundredths in Columns 38-41;
Column 42 is for an additional (thousandths) decimal. Table 30 converts

chlorinity to salinity.

Columns 48—50 do not appear on the data form. On the punch card these columns are reserved for com-
puted sigma-t and sound velocity. Sound velocities measured by a velocimeter (or temperatures or salinities
based on these measurements) should be forwarded or coded separately.

COLUMNS 51 - 53 OXYGEN
Enter oxygen in milliliters per liter (m1/1) to hundredths in Columns
51-53. (If determined to tenths only leave Column 53 blank.) Table 31
converts milligrams per liter (mg/1) and Table 32 converts milligram-

atoms per liter (mg-at/1) to m/l.

To record oxygen values greater than 9.99 ml/l enter two numerals (tens and units) in Column 51.

COLUMNS 54 - 71 OPTIONAL CHEMISTRY

Columns 54-71 are intended for entry of the additional chemistry described
below; this is the only chemistry that will be punched routinely. A
special punch card to record chemistry other than that shown below is
being developed at NODC. However, any chemistry may be substituted in
these columns by special request provided that:

1. It can be reported in a 3 digit field.

2. The nature and units of the substituted

chemistry and the columns used are fully

described in the Remarks space of the data

form.

12

COLUMNS 54 - 56 PHOSPHATE
Enter inorganic phosphate in microgram-atoms per liter (ug-at/1) to
hundredths. Conversions from other units are shown in Tables 33-35.
COLUMNS 57 - 59 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
Enter total P in microgram-atoms per liter (ng-at/1) to hundredths.
COLUMNS 60 - 62 NITRITE-NITROGEN
Enter nitrite-nitrogen (NO5-N) in microgram-atoms per liter (ug-at/1)
to hundredths. Conversions from micrograms per liter of NO5 to micro-
gram-atoms per liter of NOo-N are shown in Table 36.
COLUMNS 63 - 65 NITRATE-NITROGEN
Enter nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in microgram-atoms per liter (ng-at/1)
to tenths. Conversions from micrograms per liter of NO3 to micrograms-
atoms per liter of NO3-N are shown in Table 37.
COLUMNS 66 - 68 SILICATE- SILICON
Enter silicate-silicon in microgram-atoms per liter (ug-at/1).
Conversions from other units are shown in Tables 38-40.
COLUMNS 69 - 71 H

Pp
Enter .H in Columns 69-71.

Pp
COLUMN 72
This column (reserved for NODC) is to be left blank.
Columns 73-79 are omitted from the data form; on the punch card these

will be reproduced automatically from the Master Card to provide each

Detail Card with reference identity and consecutive numbers.

13

COLUMN 80 CARD TYPE
For observed sample depths enter 3 in Column 80 to indicate an Observed
Detail Card. If interpolations are made by non-machine methods for
standard depths enter a 7 in Column 80. (Computed elements such as
sigma-t, sound velocity, dynamic depth anomaly, etc. will be computed
for this type of card, but computations will be based on the temperature
and salinity as interpolated by the originator. )

In a few instances only interpolated data may be available for certain stations. In that case the numeral
4%8 entered in Column 80. Such a card will be treated by the computer as though it were an observed level.
Stations based on such interpolated data will be appropriately marked “LIT” on listings.

14

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PUNCHING NODC OCEANOGRAPHIC STATION CARDS
FROM THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA CODING FORM

(See Appendix I, page 105, for sample Oceanographic Station Card.)

In general the physical and chemical data form for oceanographic
station data is arranged in such a manner that most of the numeric and
alphabetic entries can be punched directly into the corresponding
columns of the punch card. The alphabetic punch code used at NODC is
the standard IBM code. The correct entry columns for certain over-
punches, however, cannot readily be determined from the data form.

The correct entry for these overpunches is given in the punching

instructions below.

MASTER CARD
ENTRY ON DATA FORM ENTRY IN PUNCH CARD (OVERPUNCHES
UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE
Entry S between Columns x in Column 8
9 and 10.
Entry E between Columns x in Column 14
15 and 16.
Red dash in Column 16 x in Column 15
Red dash in Column 37 x 1m Column Sif
Letter H crossed out in x in Column 47
Column 48 (A not crossed
out) and no entry in Col-
umn 49
Entry X in Column 48 Punch alphabetic X in Column 48
Entry X in Column 49 Punch alphabetic X in Column 49
Word SPEED crossed out over x in Column 52

Columns 52 and 53 (word
FORCE not crossed out)

Red dash in Column 57 x in Column 59

Red dash in Column 60 x in Column 62
Letter in Column 63 Punch alphabetic X in Column 63
Entry X in Column 65 Punch alphabetic X in Column 65
Red dash in Column 68 x in Column 68
Card Type Enter 1 in Column 80
DETATL CARD
CODING FORM PUNCH CARD
Columns 1 - 24 Reproduced from Master Card
Question mark (?) in Q in Column 32
Column 32
Cross (f) in Column 32 x in Column 28
Red dash in Column 33 x in Column 36
Question mark (7) in Q in Column 37
Column 37
Question mark (7?) in Q in Column 42
Column 42
Two (2) numerals in x in Column 51
Column 51
Question mark (7) in x in Column 53
Column 53
Columns 73 - 79 Reproduced from Master Card

16

THE COMPUTED DATA CARD

An outline of the format of the Computed Card is included in
this manual in order to acquaint the users of the NODC ocesnographic
station data holdings with the end product of the routinely performed
computations. (A detailed description of formulas and techniques
used for interpolations and computation of various parameters will be
described in a future NODC publication in the General Series.)

The manually punched cards described in the previous section are
used as data cards for the NODC computer. The end product of the
computation process is a new set of cards referred to as the Computed
Cards. There are two types of Computed Cards. One type contains
computed parameters as well as the original observed information. The
other type contains computed values only and is generated for all
standard depths; this card carries the interpolated values of temperature,
salinity, and oxygen as well as certain additional parameters which
are computed for standard depths only.

The routinely computed parameters which appear on each type of

Computed Card are as follows:

NAME OF CARD TYPE COMPUTED PARAMETER
Computed Master Card* Marsden square number
Computed Observed Card* 1. Sigma-t (%)

2. Sound velocity (ft./sec.)

*Code indicators for each card type are given in table on Page 2l.

17

Computed Standard Depth Card* 1. Interpolated values of
temperature, salinity,
and oxygen

2. Sigma-t (0)

3. Sound velocity (as above )
4. Specific volume anomaly
5- Dynamic depth anomaly

Additionally, a number of overpunches are included in these cards,

some of which are generated during the computation process. A complete

list of overpunches which may be used in the basic NODC physical and

chemical oceanographic station data Computed Card follows.

*Code indicators for each card type are given in table on Page 21.

COMPUTED MASTER CARD (CODE 1 IN COLUMN 80)

Columns 1 - 4 Alphabetic code (possible)
Column 8 x = South (no x = North)
Column 14 x = East (no x = West)
Column 15 x = “extensive” drift while

on station
Columns 28 - 33 Alphabetic code (possible)
Column 37 Corrected sounding
Columns 40 - 41 Reserve x and y code overpunch

for Additional Observations Code

Column 47 x = State of the sea (or sea
amount) given rather than
wave height and period

Column 48 Alphabetic code (X) to indicate
height of waves not determined

Column 49 Alphabetic code (X) to indicate
calm, or period not determined

Column 52 x = Wind force given rather than
speed
Column 59 x = Negative air temperature (DRY)
Column 62 x = Negative air temperature (WET)
Column 63 Alphabetic code (X) to indicate
use of WMO 4501 (90A)*
Column 65 Alphabetic code (X) to indicate

clouds not visible owing to
darkness, fog, etc.

*Number in parentheses represents old WMO Code number.

19

Column 68

Column 78*

Column 79*

x = Entry in Columns 68-72 is
continuation of Ship's
Station Number field.

x = Geographical sorted deck
indicator

x = Computed deck indicator

COMPUTED OBSERVED CARD (CODE 3 OR 4 IN COLUMN 80)

Columns 1 - 24
Column 28

Column 32

Column 36

Column 37

Column 42

Column 46*

Column 47*

Column 51

Column 53

No

Reproduced from Master Card

x = Thermometric depth
Alphabetic code for precision
indicator. Q indicates doubt-
ful depth.

x = Negative temperatures
Alphabetic code for precision
indicator. Q indicates doubt-
ful temperature.

Alphabetic code for precision
indicator. Q indicates doubt-
ful salinity.

x = Negative sigma-t (oz)

x = Add 5000 to value in
Columns 47-50

x = Add 4000 to value in
Columns 47-50

x = Add 10 to 05 value

x = Doubtful

*Overpunch generated during the computation process.

20

COMPUTED STANDARD DEPTH CARD (CODE 6 OR 7 IN COLUMN 80 )

Columns 1 - 53 Same as Observed Detail Card

Column 59* x = Negative specific volume
anomaly

Column 63* x = Negative dynamic depth
anomaly

CARD TYPE IDENTIFICATION CODE

CARD TYPE CODE IN COLUMN 80
Master al

Observed 3 or \**
NODC Computed Standard 6
Originator's Computed Standard af

*Overpunch generated during the computation process

**When only originator's computed standard values are available,
a4 is placed in Column 80. This card will act as an Observed
Card in the NODC computer; i.e., it may carry optional chemistry.
In addition, NODC Computed Standard Cards (type 6) will be
computed.

21

TABLE 1
Country Code

International Geophysical Year (IGY) Code

CODE NAME

O1 Afghanistan

08 Argentina

09 Australia

10 Austria

ilk Belgium

25 Belgian Congo

is) Bolivia

14 Brazil

84 British Caribbean Territories

83 British East African Territories and
Indian Ocean Islands

85 British Malaya/Borneo Territories

82 British West African Territories

15 Bulgaria

ee Burma

16 Cambodia

18 Canada

19 Ceylon

20 Chile

el China

22 Columbia

81 Czechoslovakia

26 Denmark

70 Dominican Republic

28 Ecuador

reall Egypt

1S El Salvador

32 Ethiopia

33 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland

34 Finland

Sp France

WG French Cameroons

02 French Equatorial Africa

30 French Oceania

25 French Somaliland

87 French Togoland

03 French West Africa

23

TABLE 1 (Cont'd)

NAME

Germany
Greece
Guatemala

Haiti
Hong Kong
Hungary

Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Treland
Israel
Italy

Japan
Jordan

Korea

Laos
Lebanon
Libya
Iuxembourg

Madagascar
Morocco
Mexico

Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
Netherlands New Guinea
New Caledonia

New Zealand

Norway

Pakistan
Paraguay

People's Republic of Albania

Peru

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Portuguese Kast Africa
Portuguese West Africa

24

TABLE 1 (Cont'd)

NAME

Romania

Spain

Sudan
Surinam
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria

Thailand
Tunisia
Turkey

Union of South Africa

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland

United States of America

Uruguay

Venesuela
Viet-Nam

Yugoslavia

NOTE: 69 and 71 have not been assigned.

25

TABLE 2
Tenths Conversion

Conversion from seconds (of position) or minutes (of time )
to tenths of minutes or hours

Range of Tenths of
Secs. or Mins. Mins. or Hrs.

26

TABLE 3
MARSDEN SQUARE CHART

60 Cy "

HO, 17041

TABLE 4
FOLLOWING DAY

“hop Buipadaid yo [WO BL Ss! ews (LL -) 74! GO ajdwoxQ “pasuom auor Ajjosuoztsoy paaroid pun UWNjo> auoZ U! aWIY [DIO] ByOIO; ‘aWIy JaYyJO AUD Of BWIY JODO} Wod; JsaAUOD OF

*Avp auo ppo "gyBis of yyaj Wow 'ADp auo 4yd044qGNs “4ya] O48 44614 wor passoud st aul; (joucBo!p) e6uoy> Kop 31

‘NOILYNV 1dX3

K

N
o
m \|
N
Fe BA |
N N

m
N
N
N
°
N

N

Nn
[=|

a

nN fo}
° =

sO co | to |
sO vo Rae €2 (2a Ke | oz | it “LU 9I | st |
Peo [eo | vo Oe [we |
peo [| re] pepe]

oe

=

alla
=|
ae
Ee
BBE EEREG
2

pee eA

wo
wo

i“
fo}

fo}
N
Ke)
=
wo
m
i
i}
Ve}
fo}

w
fo}
nN
°o
Nelel={s[e]s{ele] lel=ll=|
° ° ala

|}
pea
=
N

N/m] 2
o};O!;1o
”
(=)
Nn
io}
m =
N to}
En I be)
ni XN] SN
GEBENGE
NTN N fo}
=~ 1|NIT om
BBBEEENG

wo
fo}
t
to}
m
to}
Nn
io}

o
fo}
NI]
fo}
N
fo}

le}

N
ao
oO
nt
=]
o
io}
7
lo}
™
Le)
°o
°o

WH-T Ye lB He OO Od gd od CudpOg dn sol Neem Xe A
oe yay Aa YR YR Yon YR YR F
88s ss8 68 2868 § sss 8 ef
fei—[ri—lor-fe—fe-[z—[e—[s= |= [e=[e=[ t= [0 | [et | et [oe [oe | 94 | ce [oe [or forefirsfert

400 LIONO'I LSVa Be eS Os arOre AGA.LIDNO'I LSA

(IND) UTZ Wee YoTMUSeIN 04 aWTY TBdOT WOT UuoTSTaAUOD

owt I,

AVG ONIGUODYd

29

TABLE 5
Depth

Conversion from fathoms to meters
(1 fathom = 1.8288 meters)

Fathoms 0.0 0.2 0.2 OF3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

Meters 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Fathoms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

00
10
20
30
40

30

TABLE 5 (Cont'd)

Depth

Conversion from fathoms to meters
(1 fathom = 1.8288 meters)

Fathoms 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Fathoms 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
1000 1829 2012 2195 2377 2560 2743 2926 3109 3292 3475
2000 3658 3840 4023 4206 4389 4572 4755 4938 5121 5304
3000 5486 5669 5852 6035 6218 6401 6584 6767 6949 7132
4000 7a) 5) 7498 7681 7864 8047 8230 8412 8595 8778 8961
5000 9144 9327 9510 9693 9876 10058 10241 10424 10607 10790

31

TABLE 6

Depth

0.3048 meter )

Conversion from feet to meters (tenths )
(i root

Feet

32

Feet

300
400

500
600
700
800
900

1000
1100
1200
1300
1400

1500
1600
1700
1800
1900

2000
2100
2200
2300
2400

2500
2600
2700
2800
2900

3000
3100
3200

00

Oi:
TSO

10

4.5
125.0

155.4
185.9
PIG
246.9
Or Ga

20 7c
S303
368.8
3953:
429.8

460.2
490.7
B2lAc
Doe (
582.2

612.6
643.1
673.6
TObed:
734.6

765.0
T9525
826.0
856.5
887.0

917.4
947.9
978.4

TABLE 6 (Cont'd)

Conversion from feet to meters (tenths)
(1 foot = 0.3048 meter)

20

128.0

158.5
189.0
ealle as
249.9
280.4

310.9
cUne
Shed
402.3
430.8

563.3
493.8
52h .3
554.7
585.2

615.7
646.2
(syderewe
TOtad:
131-0

Tool.
798.6
829.1
859.5
890.0

920.5
951.0
981.5

30

100.6
ESTs:

161.5
19270
222.5
253.0
283.5

313.9
3uh. A
374.9
HO5e3
435.9

466.3
496.8
DeT «3
yyGts
588.3

silks y
649.2
679-7
T10.2
TH0.7

galeal
801.6
83261
862.6
893.1

923-5
954.0
984.5

te)

TOR.6
as

164.6
195.1
225.6
256.0
286.5

cil exe)
347.5
378.0
408.4
438.9

469.4
499.9
530.4
560.8
591-3

621.8
65263
682.8
(alse
743.7

Vice
804.7
835.2
865.6
896.1

926 .6

957 «1
987 .6

33

50

1062
137.2

167.6
198.1
228.6
259.1
289.6

320.0
350.5
381.0
Wi .5
42.0

472.4
502.9
533.4
563-9
59h .4

624.8
C3523
685.8
16.3
746.8

(((-2
807.7
838.2
868.7
899.2

929.6
960.1
990.6

60

109.7
140.2

TOs
201.2
P3126
P62.1
292.6

cles eal
S30
384.0
W145
4S .O

47525
506.0
536.4
566.9
597-4

627.9
658.4
688.8
(OSes
749.8

780.3
810.8
841.2
871-7
902.2

932.7
963.2
993 6

969.3

118.9
149.4

179.8
PAG
240.8
271.3
301.8

Bae.2
362.//
393.2
Loaf
u5h.2

484.6
5151
545.6
576.1
606.6

637-0
667.5
698.0
728.5
759.0

789.4
819.9
850.4
880.9
911.4

941.8
(2.3

999.7 1002.8

TABLE 7

Additional Observations

This table is to be added later.

34

TABLE 8
Water Color

Forel-Ule scale and conversions from other color scales

Percent Percent Forel-Ule Code
Yellow Brown Seale
OL

02
03

35

Code

00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
uy
18
19
20
21

TABLE 9

Direction

In tens of degrees from which waves and/or winds

are coming

Calm (no
5°- 14°
15°- 24°
25°- 34°
35°- 44°
45°- 54°
55° -— 64°
65°- 74°
75° - 84°
85°-— 94°
95° — 104°
105° - 114°
115° - 124°
125° - 134°
135° - 144°
145° - 154°
155° - 164°
165° — 174°
175° - 184°
185° - 194°
195° - 204°
205° - 214°

waves—no motion)

36

99

215° — 224°
225° — 234°
235° — 244°
245° - 254°
255° — 264°
265° — 274°
275° — 284°
285° — 294°
295° - 304°
305° - 314°
315° - 324°
325° — 334°
335° — 344°
345° — 354°
355°- 4°

Waves confused, direction
indeterminate (waves equal
to or less than 43/4, metres)

Waves confused, direction
indeterminate (waves grea-
ter than 434 metres)

Winds variable, or all direct-
ions or unknown

Table 9 is a combination of WMO Codes 0885 and 0877.

TABLE 10
Direction
Conversion from points, quarter points, or a scale of 32, to a scale of 36 points

POINTS tee 0-32 CODE POINT QUARTER 0-32 CODE
POINT POINTS

N6E to M4E S6W to SLuW

NL5E to N25E SLOW to S25W

N26E to N34E S26W to S3kw

N35E to N45E S35W to SLOW

N46E to NS4E S46W to SS4W

N55E to N65E S55W to S65W

N66E to N74E S66W to STLW

S75W to S85W
S86W

N/75E to N85E

N86E N89E S89QW

NSOW

S89E

S85E NS5W

N74wW

S74E

S65E N6SW

SS4E NS4W

SUSE N45wW

S34E N34W

S25E

SLLE S6E

S5E to S1E

S

SLW to S5W NLE to NSE

37

TABLE 11
Height

WMO Code 1555 for recording height of the dominant waves

Code Code 1 50 is added to direction
0 Less than ?/, m (1 ft) 0 5 m (16 _ ft)

1 % m (1% ft) 1 54m (17 \% ft)

2 1 m(3_ ft) 2 6 m(19_ ft)

3 1%m(5_ ft) 3 6%m (21 _ ft)

4 2 m(6% ft) 4 7 m (22% it)

5 2%m(8_ ft) 5 Tm (24 _ ft)

6 3 m(9% ft) 6 8 = m (25% ft)

7 3%m (11 _— ft) 7 8%m (27 _ ft)

8 4 m (13 _~ ft) 8 9 m (29 _~ ft)

9 4%m (14 _~ ft) 9 9%m (30 % ft)

x Height not determined

Notes:

(1) Each code figure provides for reporting a range of heights. For example: 1=1%4 m

(2)

(3)
(4)

(1 ft) to34 m (2% ft); 5= 24% m (7 ft) to 234 m (9 ft); 9= 4% m (13% ft) to 434m
(15 ft), etc.

If a wave height comes exactly midway between the heights corresponding to two
code figures, the lower code figure is reported; e.g. a height of 234 m is reported
by code figure 5.

In aeronautical forecast codes, only the left-hand table is to be used and code
figure 9 has the meaning: 4% m (14 ft) or more.

The average value of the wave height (vertical distance between trough and crest)
is reported, as obtained from the larger well formed waves of the wave system being
observed.

38

TABLE 12
Period

WMO Code 3155 for recording period of dominant waves

Code Code
2 5 seconds or less 8 16 or 17 seconds
3 6 or 7 seconds 9 18 or 19 seconds
4 8 or 9 seconds 0 20 or 21 seconds
5 10 or 11 seconds 1 Over 21 seconds
6 12 or 13 seconds x Calm, or period not determined

7 14 or 15 seconds

Notes:

(1) The period of the waves is the time between the passage of two successive wave
crests past a fixed point (it is equal to the wave length divided by the wave speed).

(2) The average value of the wave period is reported, as obtained from the larger
well-formed waves of the wave system being observed.

39

TABLE 13
Sea State

WMO Code 3700 for Recording Sea State

Height | Height (¢)

re We fe Soar
a Ce

ee
Paemos [oe [oe fa

C+ ) The average wave height as obtained from the larger

well-formed waves of the wave system being observed.

* The exact bounding height is to be assigned for the
lower code figure, e.g. a height of 4 meters is
coded as 5.

40

TABLE 14

Wind Speed

Conversion from meters per second to knots
(1m/see = 1.94254 knots)

41

TABLE 15

Wind Speed

Conversion from miles per hour to knots
(1 mph = 0.86839 knot)

42

TABLE 16

Wind Speed

Conversion from kilometers per hour to knots
(1 km/hr = 0.539593 knot)

43

TABLE 17

Wind Speed

Conversion from feet per second to knots
(1 ft/sec = 0.5921 knot)

44

TABLE 18
Wind Force

Conversion from knots, meters per second, kilometers per
hour, and miles per hour to the Beaufort wind scale

VELOCITY EQUIVALENT AT A STANDARD HEIGHT
OF 10 METERS ABOVE OPEN FLAT GROUND

Balt velocity | meters/sec km/h

n knots

DESCRIPTIVE TERM

Calm
Light air

Light breeze

Gentle breeze

Moderate breeze

Fresh breeze

Strong breeze 10.8 - 13.8

Near gale 13.9 - 17.1

Gale 17.2 - 20.7

Strong gale 20.8 — 24.4

24.5 - 28.4

Violent storm 28.5 - 32:6 103 - 117

Hurricane 32.7 - 36.9 118 — 133

72 - 80 37.0 - 41.4 134-149 83 - 92
81 - 89 41.5 - 46.1 150 - 166 93 - 103
90 - 99 46.2 - 50.9 167 - 183 104-114
100 - 108 51.0 - 56.0 184 - 201 115 - 125
109 - 118 56.1 — 61,2 202 — 220 126 — 136

45

TABLE 19

Atmospheric Pressure

Conversion from inches of mercury to millibars*
(1 inch of Hy = 33-8639 mbs)

27.9 4.8 4s. nS ac 45.8 46.2 46.5 46.8 47.2 Ni.5 47.9
28.0 48.2 48.5 48.9 49.2 49.5 49.9 Or 50.6 50.9 Silee.
28.1 pales 51.9 B23 52.6 52.9 ngias 5326 539 54.3 54.6
28,2 5520 55.3 55.6 56.0 56.3 56.7 E70 SHO) rei 58.0
28.3 58.3 po rig 59.0 59.4 590.7 60.0 60.4 60.7 Giza 61.4
28.4 61.7 62a 62.4 62.8 63.1 63.4 63.8 6 64.4 64.8
28.5 65.1 65.5 65.8 66.1 66.5 66.8 bee 67.5 67.8 68.2
28.6 68.5 68.8 69.2 69.5 69.9 (0.2 (O25 70.9 1a Te6
28.7 71.9 (ie (2.6 72.9 (32 1326 73-9 2.3 (eS Th.9
28.8 foes T5366 (6.0 76.3 76.6 (20 les Tae [o<0 78.3
28.9 Hoet 79.0 19.3 Toe 80.0 80.4 S0e7 81.0 81.4 foubsty(
29.0 82.1 82.4 G2s7 spall 83.4 oe eul 84.1 84.4 84.8 Ode:
29.1 65.4 85.8 86.1 86.5 86.8 Gia Sfs5 87.8 sie 88.5
eg 2 88.8 89.2 89.5 89.8 90.2 90.5 90.9 Oiee 91.5 91.9
29.3 92.2 92.6 92.9 93.2 93.6 93.9 94.2 94.6 94.9 95.3
29.4 95.6 95.9 96.3 96.6 97.0 CTs 97.6 98.0 98.3 98.6
29.5 99.0 99.3 99.7 00.0 0033 00.7 01.0 O1.4 O17 02.0
29.6 eye O27 03-0 03.4 03 7 Ole o4.4 O4.7 O5e1 05.4
290.7 05.8 06.1 06.4 06.8 OF aL O75 07.8 08.1 08.5 08.8
29.8 09.1 09.5 09.8 10.2 LOS 10.8 alee it Alas) eee
29.9 1255 129 1322 des 1320 ps2 14.6 14.9 eee T5a6
30.0 15.9 16.3 16.6 ome) Mites L7G A eLS) 1833 18.6 19.0
30.61 19.3 19.6 20.0 2023 20..'( 21.0 PISS eu ¢ 22.0 ppel
20.2 Pe 23.0 23.4 23.7 24.0 ek 4 BT eis 25.4 eae
30.3 26.1 26.4 26.8 eu eal Pye CTS Pisrail 28.4 28.8 loyal
30.4 20.5 29.8 30.1 30.5 30.8 cule cee 310 22.2 32.5
30.5 32.8 33.2 33-0 33-9 34.2 34.5 34.9 3542 35.6 3029
30.6 S622), (3626. 036.9 waist a 3is6 37-9 38.3 38.6 38.9 39.3
2007 39.6 40.0 40.3 40.6 LO 41.3 a ¢ 42.0 42.3 Meee
30.8 ligeo a3 Wey 40 yy 47 45.0 45.4 45.7 6.1
30.9 46.4 6.7 Lele 47.4 Ler 48.1 48.4 48.8 4O.1 hOo.y
2150 49.8 50.1 50.5 50.8 PL ail 51.5 Silas, 522 525 52.8

*The hundreds and thousands digits are not recorded; the true range of this table
is 944.8 - 1052.8 mbs.

46

TABLE 20

Atmospheric Pressure

Conversion from millimeters of mercury to millibars*
(1 mm of Hg = 1.33322 mbs)

Geo Oxi: O22 0.3
‘ Wee = 3
Lees Set 5.5) > 25a
W6e6) 46.7 46.9 ° 4750
lie Ov hoe 18.2 4653
HOTS Get SOLS. holy
SOsG bOa(' 95060 15.0
Ci Owns. dkm (Se22' 5 152.3
Seog) oeet So60- Daal
54.6 6ST 5D 550
5569. 56.1 56.8 5623
SEs eet a) ene. her

58.6 58.7 58.9 59.0
56-9 60s1™-60.2 “60.3

Giles) 66 la5 Ol.
6256 662s = 16249" 1030
6300 2G ote vibls
65.3 65et- G5e5 -65e7
66.6 66.7 66.9 67.0

Gin9d "6G... 6862 166.3
69.3: 69.4 6925 69.7
(Oger “(Oat wfGeS-” (1.0
i (lle a 22s nd @2 ae el)
(Cece (seo (oer

46 Piet Theo? 75s0
Toso! “(Gels “(6.2.08 (6<3
Tiss) (le leo. ist
Toco feet “(e590 “79.0
T7929 SO. 80.2 80.3

*The hundreds digit is not recorded.

Os

0.5 0.6 O<T 0.8 0.9

WG 4.7 Wego 45.0 45.1
WO 6.1 46.2 4G.3 1665
Nees ATE 4S ose) res

48.6 48.7 48.9 49.0 49.1
HO.O' 50.1 50.2 50.3 5055
Biles 5° 50.5 Slef Sled
Bowe "he. beso 65350" 53 21!
B30" “Stel 54.2 54.2 54.5

Bos. Feet (5565 558, ~bD<0
56.6 56.7 56-9 57.0 57-1
57.0. Soel 50,2 158.3 “50.5
59-3 59-4 59.5 59.7 59.8
60.6. 60.7 “60.9. 61.0 6151

Glo 622) =162.0" “62.3 16255
63-3> °63.4 62355 63.7 (63.8
Gleb sala. olsOr (65.0 165.1
65.9" 66.10 66.2. 66.3 “6625
Giles. Yop (Ghebe “Gi. “6i<0

68.6 68.7 68.9 69.0 69.1
60,9. (Owl ““7G.2 Oss. “7065
Wea? (ue veo WaT = Pes
Tose § oan AN (209M seo. Sigel
Tos0! shal’ “(ioe lusy @7hes

oes (out ifoeo “(Dat *h>20
TOuO= «(Ger (One (fisO “fal
Tino” “fom {oe (Oso = (G05
79-3 79-4 79.5 [9-7 79.8
S0.6. ~80s7- “G0.9>*-81.0> =81s7

The true range of this part

of Table 20 is 943.9 mbs - 981.1 mbs.

47

TABLE 20 (Cont'd)
Atmospheric Pressure

Conversion from millimeters of mercury to millibars* (Cont 'd)
(1 mm of Hg = 1.33322 mbs)

mm of Hg 0.0 Os 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Oni 0.8 0.9

736 81.3 Glee 8155 Sl.7 61.6.9 61.9 62.1. 62.2 82.3 scees
Tot 89.6 82.7 82:9 8320 83.19 83.3 96354 83.5 83.7 @ecec
738 83.9 84.1 84.2 84.3 84.5 84.6 84.7 84.9 85.0 aG5zal
739 85.3 85.4 85.5 85.7 85.8 85.9 86.1 86.2 86.3 8655
ThO 86.6 —86.7 86:9 87.0 87.1 87.3 87.4 87.5 °S7.7 reine
TAL

THO

743

Thy

TH5

746 94.6 94.7 94.9 95.0 95.1 95.3 95-4 95.5 95.7 95.8
THT 95.9 96-1 9.2 9.3 96.5 96.6 96:7 96.9 97.0 aGjeul
748 97-3 97-4 97-5 97-7 97-8 97-9 98.1 98.2 98.3 98.5
749 98.6 98.7 98.9 99.0 99.1 99.3 99-4 99.5 99.7 99.8
750 99.9. 00.1 00.2 00.3 00.5 00.6 00.7 00.9 O10 s@iken
lou Ob Ol.) OILS O1n7 01.5 > 01.9 “O2.1 502525 102ts7 meee
(52 02.6 02.7 02.9 0330° 03.1 03.3 O34 03.5 03.75 g@smc
753 03.9 O42 OF.2 O84.3 O1F1<.5 O4.6 OF O4.9 . 0550 atOSmm
754 05.3 O5.4 05.5 05.7 05.8 05.9 06.1 06.2 06.3 S065
735 06.6. 06.7 06.9 (07.0 O7.l Of-3 O7.4 O7.5 . Of Biome
756 O7-9 08.1 08.2 08:3 08.5 08.6 08.7 08.9 09:0. mOgem
(ox 09.3. 09:4 09.5 09.7 09.8 09.9 10.1 20,2 1023) Salons
758 10.6" UO. * lO.Q*= “11.0) “DL... Te3 dig “ie5- Tateageaeies
759 19%, “U2 even dels) (-8esS)) 128.65 Aec¢ (e291 .0 giao
760 13.3 U3. 13.5% 13.7 13.8 23.90 14.2 Dee: Toei
seul 14.6 Dae Deo ° 15.0 15.2 25.3) D5. 1525 25.7 pelos
762 15-9 16.2 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.6 16.7 16.8 17.0> gpegor
763 Wee Ave 17.5, 17.6" 1728) 17.9. 16.0 ° 28.0 18.30 qmier
764 18.6. 2607 26.6 19.0: 19:1, 19.2 19.4 1955 1ec6 aigee
765 19.9 20.0 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.6 20.7 20.8 21.0 Gaim

*The hundreds and thousands digits are not recorded. The true
range of this part of Table 20 is 981.3 mbs - 1021.1 mbs.

48

mm of Hg

766
767
768
769
770

ie
(ge
TT3
TT
115

T76
TOL
(age,
ie
780

OL
782
783
784
785

786
787

TABLE 20 (Cont'd)

Atmospheric Pressure

Conversion from millimeters of mercury to millibars* (Cont'd)

(1 mm of Hg = 1.33322 mbs)

026 (opal 0.2 0.5
oe Ol. (Bea 2156
BelG (eee, 16e2s0. 223.0
63.0) On | ele 2.3
Boe) OG. 55). 2566
Dose P2667 ~e6uG. FeT<0
Chote O6.0r- 22662 -- 2823
PG.2D BOL, 20.5 «29.6
20.6. 30.7 ° 30.8% 31.0
Si OwesesO S252, Be.5
Boce> 33k = 3300 -: 33s
SH Ores Sef . S34eG- 35.0
35.0 30.0 36-2: . 36.3
Sica” Siete’ Sih-> 123%-0
Sea icose. (39.0
39.9, HO20'" HOL2 hO.3

0.4

ynmynnny
e e e e e
H OFF

e

OH OF

e

Go 1D FXO 0 Nu FWP
° e

FWWWW WWW NW PO
e ° e e e ° e e e e .
OF HOFFO FROFH

ieee ee de ieee
CONAN

ANU Fwre

ioe
Oo ©

0.6

0.8

1e)
=|

MNMONMND
FMH OC NAN OFW
e e

WW WW 0

NM Cw WM © WM Ow Ww
ne)
\O
(S)

FW WW Ww
OO OOuW
Own oun

W

(Se)

1S)

WF FEE PE
O © A AREG
MWCO wWnnhp OwND

Hse

ON

Ww

*The hundreds and thousands digits are not recorded. The true
range of this part of Table 20 is 1021.2 mbs. - 1050.4 mbs.

49

TABLE 21
Temperature

Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade

Salt 0.0 Ol 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 Oe7 0.8 0.9

130
129
128
127
126
125
124
123
122
ea
120
119
118
7,
116
115
114
113
12
pial
110
109
108
107
106
105
104

50

TABLE 21 (Cont'd)
Temperature

Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade

oF 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Olen) 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

51

TABLE 21 (Cont'd)
Temperature

Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade

°F

76
75
7
73
72
(a
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
5h
53
52
5
50

0.0 O.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

52

TABLE 21 (Cont'd)
Temperature

Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade

on 0.0 Owl 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 09

53

TABLE 21 (Cont'd)
Temperature

Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade

°F 0.0 Owl 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

PrP FP PPP PPP 2 2 P
Or NW FU AA DOO OF NW

OF Nw Fw WANA DW ‘O

i} 4
FO

-2

54

TABLE 21 (Cont'd)
Temperature

Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade

or 0.0 Owl 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

55

TABLE 21 (Cont'd)

Temperature

Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade

Say 0.0 Ol 0.2 O35 0.4 0.5 0.6 O07 0.8 0.9

56

TABLE 21 (Cont'd)
Temperature

Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade

“ie 0.0 O.1 Gz2 0.3 0.4 0.5 026 Ost Ovo 0.9

a7

TABLE 22
Present Weather

WMO Code 4501 for recording present weather

Code
figure

0 Clear (no cloud at any level)

1 Partly cloudy (scattered or broken)

2 Continuous layer(s) of cloud(s)

3. Sandstorm, duststorm, or blowing snow
4 Fog, thick dust or haze

5 Drizzle

6 Rain

7 Snow, or rain and snow mixed

8 Shower(s)

9 Thunderstorm(s)

58

TABLE 23

Present Weather

Conversion from Beaufort weather notation to WMO Code 501

Abbreviation

Description

Blue sky whether with clear or hazy atmosphere,
or sky not more than one-quarter clouded.

Sky between one-quarter and three-quarters
clouded.

Mainly cloudy (not less than three-quarters
covered.

Drizzle or fine rain.

Wet air without rain falling.

Fog.

Wet fog.
Gloomy.
Hail.

Line squall.

Lightning

Mist.

Overcast sky (ise. the whole sky covered
with unbroken cloud).

Passing showers.

Squalls.

Rain.

Sleet (i.e., rain and snow together).
Snow.

Thunder.

Thunderstorm.

Ugly, threatening sky.

Unusual visibility.
Dust haze; the turbid atmosphere of dry weather.

59

Code
O

if

=

mM F\O \O\O0 WD FF Ful

WO’'\1O ANNO oa

Fon

TABLE 24

Present Weather

Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the

WMO Code 4501

Code Underlined

ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTION OF SKY AND SPECIAL PHENOMENA

Cloudless

Partly cloudy.

Cloudy.

Overcast.

Low fog, on ground or over sea.

Haze (but visibility greater than 2,000 m., 2,200 yds).

Dust devils seen.
Distant lightning.

Light fog or mist (visibility between 1,000 and 2,000 n.,

1,100 and 2,200 yds).

Fog at a distance, but not at the ship.

Precipitation within sight.

Thunder, without precipitation at the ship.
Dust storm within sight, but not at the ship.

Ugly, threatening sky.
Squally weather.

Heavy squalls. in last 3 hours
Waterspouts seen.

PRECIPITATION IN LAST HOUR BUT NOT AT TIME OF OBSERVATION

Precipitation (rain, drizzle, hail, snow, or sleet)

Drizzle

Rain

Snow

Rain and snow or sleet

Rain shower s).

Snow shower 6).

Hail or rain and hail shower (s).
Slight thunderstorm.

Heavy thunderstorm.

other than showers

60

WMO
Code
4501
(modified)
O
ili
all
2
h
h
h
7
h
y
6
9
3
5)
g
9
)
D)
6
in last hour 7
but not at 16
time of 8
observation. 7
2
2
S,

TABLE 24 (Cont'd)

Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the

30
Si
32
33
34
35
36
a1
38
Sy

Dust
Dust
Dust
Dust
Line

or
or
or
or
of

WMO Code 4501

DUST STORMS AND STORMS OF DRIFTING SNOW

(Visibility less than 1,000 m., 1,100 yards)

sand storm.

sand storm, has decreased.
sand storm, no appreciable change.
sand storm, has increased.

dust storms.

Storm of drifting snow.
Slight storm of drifting snow generally low.
Heavy storm of drifting snow

Slight storm of drifting snow

generally high.

Heavy storm of drifting snow

Fog.

Moderate fog in last hour

FOG

(Visibility less than 1,000 m., 1,100 yards)

Thick fog in last hour

Fog,
Fog,
Fog,
Fog,
Fog,
Fog,

sky
sky
sky
sky
sky
sky

discernible
not discernible
discernible
not discernible
discernible
not discernible

Fog in patches.

Drizzle

Intermittent
Continuous
Intermittent

out not at time of observation.

\ has become thinner during last hour.

} no appreciable change during last hour

has begun or become thicker during
last hour

DRIZZLE

WMO

Code

4501
(modified)

WW WW

COW WoW !

fs ds i Te

(Precipitation consisting of numerous minute drops )

Continuous

Intermittent

Continuous
Drizzle and fog.

Slight or moderate

hsek

slight drizzle.
moderate drizzle.

thick drizzle.

drizzle and rain.

61

POAwawnan

WWI

TABLE 24 (Cont'd)

Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the

WMO Code 1501

RAIN
60 Rain. 6
61 Intermittent . ; 6
slight rain.
62 Continuous en 6
63 Intermittent . 6
ran Goptincots moderate rain. 6
65 Intermittent ; 6
h
66 Continuous Sete 6
67 Rain and fog. :
68 Slight or moderate . ; v4
69 Heavy rain and snow, mixed. v
SNOW
70 Snow or sleet 1G
es ee
vi Ane: moderate snow in flakes
1) Intermittent : 1h
76 Continue heavy snow in flakes 7
naG Snow and fog. -
78 Granular snow (frozen drizzle). 7.
19 Ice crystals; 7
SHOWERS (S)
80 Shower (s) 8
81 Shower (s) of slight or moderate : 8
82 Shower (s) of heavy pie 8
83 Shower (s) of slight or moderate SHee ve
8h Shower (s) of heavy He
85 Shower (s) of slight or moderate F T
86 Shower (s) of heavy Pe eue SOW: if
87 Shower tS) of granular snow ie
88 Shower (s) of slight or moderate : ; 2 7
89 Sain (s) oe nea hail, or rain and hail. 7

62

TABLE 24 (Cont'd)

Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the

WMO Code 4501

WMO

Code

THUNDERSTORM 4501

(modified)

90 Thunderstorm 9

91 Rain at time thunderstorm during last hour, but not at 9

92 Snow, or sleet at time time of observation. 9

93 Thunderstorm, slight without hail or soft hail, 9

but with rain (or snow)

oh Thunderstorm slight with soft hail 9

95 Thunderstorm moderate without hail, but with 9
rain (or snow)

96 Thunderstorm moderate with soft hail at time of 9

OT Thunderstorm heavy without hail, but with observation. 9
rain (or snow )

98 Thunderstorm combined with dust storm 9

99 Thunderstorm heavy with hail 9

63

TABLE 25
Present Weather

WMO Code 4677 for recording present weather

Code figure
ww
» (00 Cloud development not observed or not
c. 9 observable 24
22% | 01 Clouds generally dissolving or becoming less characteristic change
2 Q € developed ot the ee of ey
2 i 02 State of sky on the whole unchanged Ne ene eso
2 (03 Clouds generally forming or developing
04 Visibility reduced by smoke, e.g. veldt or forest fires, industrial smoke
2 or volcanic ashes
2 05 Haze
2 06 Widespread dust in suspension in the air, not raised by wind at or near
fo) the station at the time of observation
= 07 Dust or sand raised by wind at or near the station at the time of observa-
Ne tion, but no well developed dust whirl(s) or sand whirl(s), and no dust-
— storm or sandstorm seen
5 | 08 Well developed dust whirl(s) or sand whirl(s) seen at or near the station
sd during the preceding hour or at the time of observation, but no duststorm
2 or sandstorm
= 09 Duststorm or sandstorm within sight at the time of observation, or at the
station during the preceding hour
10 Mist
11 ( Patches of shallow fog or ice fog at the station, whether on land or
42 ee orless ¢ Sea, not deeper than about 2 metres on land or 10 metres
continuous at sea

13 Lightning visible, no thunder heard
14 Precipitation within sight, not reaching the ground or the surface of the sea

15 Precipitation within sight, reaching the ground or the surface of the sea,
but distant (i.e. estimated to be more than 5 km) from the station

16 Precipitation within sight, reaching the ground or the surface of the sea,
near to, but not at the station

17 Thunderstorm, but no precipitation at the time of observation

18 Squalls | at or within sight of the station during the preceding
19 Funnel cloud(s) ** { hour or at the time of observation

* The expression ‘‘at the station’’ refers to a land station or a ship.
** Tornado cloud or waterspout.

64

TABLE 25 (Cont'd)

ww = 20-29 Precipitation, fog, ice fog or thunderstorm at the station during the preced-
ing hour but not at the time of observation

Code figure
ww
20 Drizzle (not freezing) or snow grains
21 Rain (not freezing)
22 Snow not falling as shower(s)
23 Rain and snow or ice pellets, type (a)
24 Freezing drizzle or freezing rain
25 Shower(s) of rain
26 Shower(s) of snow, or of rain and snow
27 Shower(s) of hail*, or of rain and hail*
28 Fog or ice fog
29 Thunderstorm (with or without precipitation)

ww = 30-39 Duststorm, sandstorm, drifting or blowing snow

ww
30 - has decreased during the preceding
hour
31 Slight or moderate dust- - no appreciable change during the
storm or sandstorm preceding hour
32 - has begun or has increased during
the preceding hour
33 - has decreased during the preceding
hour
34 Severe duststorm or - no appreciable change during the
sandstorm preceding hour
35 - has begun or has increased during

the preceding hour
36 Slight or moderate blowing snow |
37 Heavy drifting snow
38 Slight or moderate blowing snow \
39 Heavy blowing snow

generally low (below eye level)

generally high (above eye level)

ww = 40-49 Fog or ice fog at the time of observation

ww

40 Fog orice fog at a distance at the time of observation, but not at the station
during the preceding hour, the fog or ice fog extending to a level above
that of the observer

41 Fog or ice fog in patches
42 Fog or ice fog, sky visible has become thinner during the preceding
43 Fog or ice fog, sky invisible hour

* Hail, ice pellets, type (b), snow pellets. French: gréle, grésil ou neige roulée.

65

TABLE 25 (Cont'd)

Code figure
44 Fog or ice fog, sky visible | no appreciable change during the preced-
45 Fog or ice fog, sky invisible { ing hour
46 Fog or ice fog, sky visible has begun or has become thicker during
47 Fog or ice fog, sky invisible the preceding hour
48 Fog, depositing rime, sky visible
49 Fog, depositing rime, sky invisible

ww = 50-99 Precipitation at the station at the time of observation

ww = 50-59 Drizzle

50 Drizzle, not freezing, intermittent
51 Drizzle, not freezing, continuous
52 Drizzle, not freezing, intermittent |
53 Drizzle, not freezing, continuous {
54 Drizzle, not freezing, intermittent
55 Drizzle, not freezing, continuous
56 Drizzle, freezing, slight

57 Drizzle, freezing, moderate or heavy (dense)
58 Drizzle and rain, slight

59 Drizzle and rain, moderate or heavy

slight at time of observation
moderate at time of observation

heavy (dense) at time of observation

ww = 60-69 Rain

60 Rain, not freezing, intermittent
61 Rain, not freezing, continuous
62 Rain, not freezing, intermittent
63 Rain, not freezing, continuous
64 Rain, not freezing, intermittent
65 Rain, not freezing, continuous
66 Rain, freezing, slight

67 Rain, freezing, moderate or heavy

68 Rain or drizzle and snow, slight

69 Rain or drizzle and snow, moderate or heavy

slight at time of observation
moderate at time of observation

heavy at time of observation

ww = 70-79 Solid precipitation not in showers

70 Intermittent fall of snow flakes
71 Continuous fall of snow flakes
72 Intermittent fall of snow flakes

73 Continuous fall of snow flakes

slight at time of observation

moderate at time of observation

66

TABLE 25 (Cont'd)

Code figure

74
75
76
77
78
79

Intermittent fall of snow flakes |
Continuous fall of snow flakes {
Ice prisms (with or without fog)

Snow grains (with or without fog)

heavy at time of observation

Isolated starlike snow crystals (with or without fog)

Ice pellets, type (a)

ww = 80-99 Showery precipitation, or precipitation with current or recent thunder-

storm

99

Rain shower(s), slight
Rain shower(s), moderate or heavy
Rain shower(s), violent

Shower(s) of rain and snow mixed, slight
Shower(s) of rain and snow mixed, moderate or heavy

Snow shower(s), slight

Snow shower(s), moderate or heavy

| Shower(s) of snow pellets or ice
pellets, type (b), with or without
| rain or rain and snow mixed

| Shower(s) of hail*, with or

_ without rain or rain and snow

| mixed, not associated with
thunder

Slight rain at time of observation

Moderate or heavy rain at time of
observation

Slight snow, or rain and snow mixed
or hail** at time of observation

Moderate or heavy snow, or rain and
snow mixed or hail** at time of
observation

Thunderstorm, slight or moderate,
without hail**, but with rain and/or
snow at time of observation
Thunderstorm, slight or moderate,
with hail** at time of observation
Thunderstorm, heavy, without hail**,
but with rain and/or snow at time of
observation

Thunderstorm combined with dust-
storm or sandstorm at time of obser-
vation

Thunderstorm, heavy,
at time of observation

with hail**

* French: gréle.

slight

moderate or heavy
slight

moderate or heavy

thunderstorm during the pre-
ceding hour but not at time of
observation

thunderstorm at time of
observation

** Hail, ice pellets, type (b), snow pellets. French: gréle, grésil ou neige roulée.

67

Code

x~ omonoauwrhwWndD = ©

TABLE 26
Cloud Type (Genus )

WMO Code 0500 for recording cloud type (genus )

CirfUSes.ccewacnis ttn cnee fs Ci
Cirrocumulus ...... Cc
Cirrostratus ....... Cs
Altocumulus ...... Ac
Altostratus ...... . As
Nimbostratus ...... Ns
Stratocumulus...... Sc
Stratus’. S36 ww 3 St
Gumulussyseen sees een. Cu
Cumulonimbus. ..... Cb

Cloud not visible owing to darkness, fog, duststorm, sandstorm, or other analog-
ous phenomena

68

TABLE 27
Cloud Amount

WMO Code 2700 for recording cloud amount

Code
0 oO 0
1 1 okta or less, but not zero 1/,) or less, but not zero
2 2 oktas S60
3 3 oktas Ber
4 4 oktas ge
5 5 oktas a
6 6 oktas ET tea ET
7 7 oktas or more, but not 8 oktas 9/55 of more, but not 2°/,,
8 8 oktas ae
9 Sky obscured, or cloud amount

cannot be estimated

69

TABLE 28
Visibility

WMO Code 4300 for recording visibility at surface

Code
0 Less than 50 metres (less than 55 yards)
1 50-200 metres (approx. 55-220 yards)
2 200-500 metres (approx. 220-550 yards)
3 500-1,000 metres (approx. 550 yards-5/8 n.m.)
4 1- 2 km (approx. 5/8-1 n.m.)
5 2- 4 km (approx. 1- 2 n.m.)
6 4-10 km (approx. 2-6 n.m.)
7 10-20 km (approx. 6-12 n.m.)
8 20-50 km (approx. 12-30 n.m.)
9 50 km or more (30 n.m. or more)

70

TABLE 29

Precision of Measurement

This table is to be added later.
WERE E CT LaALe Ke

71

Cl

TABLE 30
Salinity

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity °/o9

eal S Cl Ss C1 s
0.40 O21 0.80 LT 1.20 2.20
Tah 1a <OL hg 21 21
he 79 .82 51 22 23
43 81 .83 53 23 5
yd 82 oh 55 an eu
45 84. 205 56 25 29
h6 86 -86 58 26 - 30
LT 88 rong 60 27 32
48 90 -88 -62 28 34
hg 91 .89 64 29 36
0.50 0.93 0.90 165 1.30 2.38
DL ee 91 Mo 31 °39
52 OT -92 -69 32 ash
53 “99 93 Arie 33 43
54 1400 94 73 34 oA5
«55 1.02 95 74 35 47
-56 1.0u -96 -76 36 -48
-57 1.06 «97 Ais! a7 ~50
58 1.08 -98 80 38 ~52
59 1.09 99 82 39 54
0.60 pian al 1.00 1.84
61 algealss) 201 85
62 AS ~02 87
63 it Aaligg -03 89
64 Bulls) - Ol «91.
65 1520 205 93
-66 1.22 -06 oy
67 ee S07 96
68 1.26 -08 -98
69 1.28 -09 2.00
0-70 1.29 TsO BP OF.
iL enc a a: 03
72 1.33 12 05
73 1.35 13 OT
Ty HPS th 09
15 1.33 “15 11
76 1.40 16 Als
fare 1.2 mali 14
78 1.44 mills) <16
19 146 -19 18

72

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)
Salinity

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0)

onl S G1 S
1.80 3.28 2520 4.00
281 230 Pehl .02
#02 032 322 604
205 033 023 206
84 035 224 .O7
085 oon 025 209
86 039 26 Paint
«87 Aral mee 13
288 Bis, 228 015
289 44 229 16
1.90 3.46 2.30 4418
91 048 031 220
292 050 032 PELE:
093 o51 033 224
094 0 0 54 025
095 > 035 027
296 e517 36 029
<7 i 359 237 «3
298 260 38 033
99 062 39 34
2.00 3.64 2.40 4.36
sOL 266 ea 238
zO2 68 342 240
203 269 343 ite
04 a ie AE: 343
005 ol? 045 045
.06 aD 046 ery
-O7 oti Hey 49
08 78 48 Aa
209 280 049 052
2210 3.82 2050 454
Palal ~ 84 sol 256
Pale 286 052 058
Pale 87 053 ~60
Anil 289 054 66.
s15 sol 055 063
al 093 056 065
17 Behe, EH ext
.18 296 058 269
019 098 ag «70

73

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)
Salinity

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/oo)

Ca S Ci S eal S Cl S
3.00 545 3.40 Gel] 3.80 6.89 4.20 Tek
sOl 046 ett 019 81 91 col 263
202 48 mee) «20 .82 295 “22 265
503 250 043 022 .83 34 25 “67
04 052 34d 0 24 84 296 eek 268
005 054 045 226 085 298 025 -70
206 055 346 28 ~86 7.00 226 é72
207 Peis BiG, 029 087 202 S27 a(t
208 059 48 031 .88 203 #28 o76
209 eol 49 <5 089 205 229 PS i
3.10 5.63 3.50 6635 3.90 Teor 4.430 Tero
mall 64 AHe oar 09k 209 Pal «82
mal) 266 052 38 292 Pale 032 283
13 68 053 40 093 ai2 033 085
mall (0 054 ml, 094 se 3 34 86
lS te 055 oy 095 16 035 .88
016 073 056 346 296 218 236 °90
ol7 Pa is) Fiy | oT 207 £20 037 092
wt8 TT 058 049 98 eal 238 3 O4
019 °79 059 051 299 e259 039 095
3.20 5.81 3.60 6.53 4.00 7025 440 1e97
aol 982 61 055 201 oT ra 099
aD) 284 362 256 202 029 42 8.01
223 .86 63 258 203 10 343 .03
24 .88 64 60 04 oe oy 6 O4
025 290 265 262 005 334 045 206
26 91 66 364 06 36 46 08
me 093 67 265 -O7 238 AT 210
28 095 .68 267 .08 239 48 2
229 97 269 269 209 ga Ake) oi
3230 5.99 4610 6.71 4.10 Tes 4.50 8.15
aot 6.00 val «15 Biel 045 051 ei]
032 202 He 374 BI sly 052 19
PES) 04 *(3 «76 13 48 053 eek
334 206 374 Py 5 okt 050 354 eee)
035 -08 #15 .80 015 052 055 a2
36 -09 76 282 16 54 256 226
oT. Pia Py i) 083 a ly 256 357 28
238 013 -78 085 218 55m -58 30
nbs) 015 “19 87 019 059 359 031

74

079
4.80
281
82
84

86

289

4.90

099

°80

86

8.87

9.00

O4

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (7/00)

39

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)

Salinity

75

1

aa

Ww

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)
Salinity

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0)

Cl S) Cl S
6.60 11.94 7200 12.67
201 296 Ol 68
-62 98 02 ° 70
209 12.00 03 0/2
64 202 04 Th
265 03 005 “(6
66 205 06 ede)
67 207 °O7 079
.68 209 -08 81
69 orl 209 83
6.70 Pa el2 7-10 12.85
Sqft 14 ell 86
0/2 eile 012 88
73 .18 13 290
274 020 14 «92
Bt) e2l 015 094
16 oF 216 £95
“17 025 17 097
78 ef 18 5S
19 Ges, AAS) 13.01
6.80 T2650 7220 135.03
81 oe 21 20
82 0 34 eee 206
83 a0 023 08
84 - 58 24. -10
085 0359 > o12
86 41 226 ols
87 043 A old
088 ea) 228 oa
089 047 029 019
6.90 12.48 7.30 13.21
91 250 31 «22
ae 052 032 224
093 054 oe) 26
94 256 344 628
095 25] OD) 230
96 °D9 36 051
Ail 64 Ay A)
298 065 38 055
099 265 039 037

76

13.57

7-80

019

14.29

14.47

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0)

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)

Salinity

77

16 46

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)
Salinity

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0)

Ci S Gi S
9.80 fe 10.20 18 44
81 o74 S21 46
~82 216 522 48
83 oT 023 250
284 079 24 51
085 81 025 53
86 83 226 55
87 85 327 057
.88 86 228 059
89 88 629 -60
9.90 17.90 Os ©. 18.62
291 092 61 64
92 094 032 266
93 095 033 68
94. 097 54 269
D5 oo oD) ofl
96 18.01 36 Pais)
SH 203 0357 Hts
98 04 38 S77
99 06 39 -78
10.00 18.08 10.40 18.80
Ol 210 oL 562
g02 S12 Be, 84
03 13 043 86
O44 015 4d .87
05 ey oS 289
06 19 046 291
eO7 wel oT 093
08 Bey) 48 =95
09 24 449 96
10.10 18.26 10.50 18.98
eit 228 251 19.00
2 230 052 -02
13 31 253 O04
Aah 33 054 205
as is) 055 £07
16 a5 / 250 209
17 039 PS rail
18 40 58 Bal
19 ae) 259 oe

78

Cl

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)
Salinity

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/oo)

eal S Cl S
11.40 20.61 180 21.33
41 263 281 PS)
alt2 364 282 ay |
343 -66 083 38
44 268 84 4O
oS rue 085 o2
46 e712 86 dy
o47 mY b' <o7 46
048 e75 88 047
249 Py fd 89 049
1S 50 20.79 11.90 21.451:
e5L 81 091 053
052 ~82 092 055
AnD 84 093 056
054 286 094 258
055 .88 095 260
056 290 96 62
057 91 097 64
.58 93 -98 265
059 05 099 267
11.60 20.97 12.00 21.69
60 099 508 Ay fi
s62 21.00 402 73
63 202 203 oT
264 04 04 S76
265 206 05 °78
266 08 06 280
267 209 207 82
68 sila 08 283
69 013 209 85
1.70 21.15 12.20 21.87
Ps iy sd: .89
“72 ald ie 291
73 220 Pale! “92
074 322 14 094
215 «2h 015 296
76 526 16 98
77 <27 el] 22.00
-78 029 18 Aone
79 Gal 19 203

79

12

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)
Salinity

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0)

Cal Ss CH 5
13200 23250 13.40 24.22
OL oD ot 24
202 59 42 025
203 ABS) 043 27
O4 257 244 29
05 059 045 sal
206 60 46 ASis)
AO) 262 AT 234
08 204 048 236
09 266 49 38
L560 25608 15.50 24.40
Pata 269 Auk it)
12 Fal 052 43
Paks) ails 259 oS
Aue ANS 054 47
L5 e77 055 49
216 78 256 eo
aaly/ 80 ADT De
alts! so2 58. 254
19 b4 a7 056
15620 23486 13.60 24.58
AeA sOT Aout 260
eco 89 soe 61
SOD 91 263 365
024 “O95 264 Al)
25 095 265 B67
226 296 266 209
e211 98 ACH 70
228 24.00 -68 Pay ie
029 202 .69 74
13.30 24.04 13.70 24.76
35k A10)5} oie Anis!
A eay AON one 19
035 209 073 081
34, qalbal 74 O59
op) 013 075 085
230 ol4 Aide rishi
a7 216 Thi) 88
38 8 Ake! 90
059 220 5163) 92

80

14.00

14

14

14

25

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)
Salinity

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0)

C1 S ou Ss
14.60 26.38 15.00 21ali
Aa 40 2O1 whe
Ale) He 202 All
263 0 44 203 16
264 346 : 18
065 ol? 205 -20
66 49 06 Peal
267 od 207 023
-68 053 08 225
269 ASG 209 mea
14.70 26.56 15.10 27029
erat 258 eee «30
a72 60 gre a2
Piss a2 e135 0 34
o 74+ 64 .14 30
Pus 065 ae 238
«16 367 16 039
Py ih 269 oly 041
78 eval 18 043
eo be, 073 19 re)
14.80 26.74 15620 2T 47
281 76 nea 48
262 -78 222 250
.83 -80 023 052
84 aoe ok 054
085 083 o25 256
86 Male 026 Sor
87 Rot a27 059
88 089 28 sO
289 91 229 263
14.90 26.92 15.30 27265
moat 0 G4 a5 266
092 96 032 68
093 098 °33 °70
094 27-00 234 s72
095 <O1 035 Pes
296 203 36 a5
oth 005 oi ane
98 207 38 279
299 209 239 <8.

81

15

28

28

16

28.73

28.91

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)
Salinity

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/oo)

Cl S Cl S
16.20 29227 16.60 29299
21 029 061 30.01
22 231 62 03
23 33 63 205
24 054 64 207
25 236 665 208
26 2 58 66 210
027 2440 201 2
228 042 68 014
029 3 69 16
16.30 29.45 16.70 30.17
ao 47 ull 219
ae 049 ie e2l
bp) o51 73 023
034 052 74 «25
oy) 254 0715 26
«30 <30 «(6 228
aT 58 077 030
238 60 -78 50
039 -61 sili? 34
16.40 29.63 16.80 30235
Ay 205 081 037
42 -67 082 0359
43 69 283 o41
4 070 84 043
45 Si 085 044
46 74 86 46
47 276 087 «48
48 278 288 250
ae) one 089 052
16.50 29.81 16.90 30.53
a1 83 091 oy)
052 085 2 Di
oy) 87 °93 059
054 288 094 o6L
055 290 SSS 62
56 092 296 064
ol) 94 oi 066
58 96 98 68
D2 097 °99 70

82

31.62

014

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/00)

17.90

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)

Salinity

52034

83

18.30

3306

18.60

18.70

18.80

e351

Cl

34.69

34.87

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)
Salinty

: nee fe)
Conversion from chlorinity to salinity ( /00)

on S C1 S
19.40 3505 19.80 S541 |
o41 07 81 279
ot2 08 82 81
043 210 83 082
F ge 84 sy
a) 14 085 86
46 16 86 88
oT 17 87 90
°8 19 88 91
249 221 89 293
19.50 35023 19.90 35095
ak 025 cOL 097
oe 026 692 99
053 ote) 93 36.00
054 230 94. “02
oe) 0352 oD) 204
56 2 34 296 206
057 035 097 208
58 AY 298 209
059 039 099 Aaa
19.60 3541 20.00 36.13
Al o4+3 Ont malls)
062 ot 02 a7
063 46 03 18
064 48 ol 20
065 250 205 s28
266 252 06 Aa
67 353 <07 226
68 055 -08 227
69 sal 209 Aes)
19.70 B56 59 20.10 46.31
e71 ASH ell 033
ore 62 212 35
e713 264 ol 236
274 66 14 38
075 68 015 40
76 70 16 42
77 el el? arn
.78 AN: .18 05
(i) af 62) 219 a7

84

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)
Salinity

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/oo)

C1 S Cl Ss
21.00 37094 21.40 38.66
OL 095 41 268
02 097 042 269
203 299 043 Pye
204 38.01 hy Pa fe:
205 203 045 0715
206 2 O4 +6 o77
07 06 ot7 my is}
208 208 48 ~80
209 Palle) 049 Re
21,410 8 ele 21.50 38.84
wl ol obL 86
Pele Falls 052 aB7
«lS Paly| 053 289
«14 019 054 291
015 ab oo 693
«6 s22 056 095
my 02k 257 96
-18 26 258 298
19 720 059 39.200
21.20 38.30 21.60 39.02
e221 231 261 O04
a22 Oe) Boe 05
023 255 063 007
224 yi 264 209
025 039 065 etl
226 40 266 a5
eer 042 coy 014
528 oy 68 mG
229 46 -69 -18
21.30 38.48 21.70 39.20
wo 049 «fl e220
032 251 ef2 e235
oe) 99) we) eo5)
a4 5G) o74 a2
035 0O7T 0715 029
«36 058 276 aol
237 260 077 032
38 262 -78 3 34
By) 264 °79 36

85

21

22

22

39056

TABLE 30 (Cont'd)
Salinity

Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0)

TABLE 31

Oxygen

Conversion from milligrams per liter to milliliters per liter (NTP )
(1 mg/l = 0.6998 m1/1)

Milligrams
per
Liter of O05 .-00 (Oil 202 -03 -O4 205 06 207 -08 -09

O20 OZ @.03 O20 “O205° OF 06; O506
Oe Oz OciiOo me O-1 Onl Ome Os lnm Onies
O.2 On Osi Onl Gn 10.1 On O20 sr OLeO
O23 Oz O24 0525 0526 “O52 7 O27
0.4 oy 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.34
On5 O. 0.38 0.39 O.40 O42) 0.41
0.6 O.42 0.43 0.43 O44 0.45 0.45 0.46 O.47 O.48 0.48
Ouif Os 497 VOE5O) 90650) O51 Os52) 0652 05530 0.54 0255" 0.55
0.8 0.56 ©0257 0.57 0258 90.59 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.62
0.9 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.65 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.69

milligrams/liter

°
°

OW OAOMUN OK EN
OOO O'O: O10 'O OO

1.
2
3
4
ae
6.
ie
8
9
fo)
al

AAU FFWNMNEO

CD000000000
=a
=
>

HH

Example: Convert 5.65 milligrams/liter of 05 GO milliliters/liter.
5.00 milligrams/liter = 3.50

0.65 milligrams/liter = 0.45
3795 milliliters/liter (ans.)

87

TABLE 32

Oxygen

Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter
(1 milligram-atom per liter of 0, = 11.196 milliliters per liter of 05)

Milligram-
atoms/liter
of Oo «000 O01 002 -003 00h .005 -006 -007 .008°° 7009

0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 “Omg
0.01 O-11l O.12).°0.13 0-15. OF16%. 0.17 ' 0218 0.19)" 0.20" ose
0.02 0.22 0.2)° 0.25. 0.26 0.27 0:28° 0.29 0.30 0.31 Gomme
0.03 0.3% 0.35 -0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.41. 0.83) SORE
0.04 O45 O46 O47 O48 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.53 O.54 ‘0555
0.05 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.66
0.06 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.71 0.72 0.73. 0.7: 0.75 0-760 “Oem
0.07 O.78 0.79 ©.81 “Os82 -0283 0:64 > 0.85° 0.06 ‘0.87 gosce
0.08 0:90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.9% 0.97 0.99 220
0.09 1.0L. 1.02 1.03 1.0% 21.05 1.06 “1.07 1.09 1.10) em
0.10 12! 3eis9 Tete (iS W.16: 1618 - wi.19 ) 120 Ver aes
Oo ia U.P? folk eS) m7 ee 229° F2530°° 3? 23ers
0.12 163 9535.0 1537 “238 “1.39 lo} Te ote 2B ae
0.13 TetG: “L4G © 48> eo) 12507" 1.51.) 1.52). 153° TSS veieoe
Os: 1.57 ~ 1.58 1.659 42.60 2.61. 1.625 91-63 1.65 1.667" 1eGy,
0.15 1.68) 2.69" 1.70" 4. wee? MU S75 6 i ale
0.16 ue79 ° 1.80 -1.81 1.82 1.8% ~1:585 2.86 1.87 1.88) “Sieg
O.17 L260: MIL9L ” 1493- “Us9- 1495 1.96 1297 1298 1.992 “62-00
0.18 a,02) 2.03 2.04 ~8.05. 2.06 23507 2:08 2309 2.10 ene
0.19 O13; VOsEM 215 PalG Bay Sal, Ve.2o 262) eee eee
0.20 Boel 225 2,26) 22.07 9 2.e8. 230° 263 2.42. esa
O.P1 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.40 ec. et e243 el ess
0.22 B46 esky o.49o 2.50 B2O5L- 2.52 Be53° 2.5 ~ 2.55 “2556
0.23 2.50 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 2.68
0.24 2-69. “2370 ee Tk ee OTS) att eS Pe ele Meee
0.25 5280 9.201.022 ,08) “2.83 BvOle 2565 2.67 2.06 2.09 aioe
0.26 O01 + B59) 8203" Slo 9 P.06 2.07 22798 2.99 3.00 v.s.00
Of27 3502: 32.03" $2054 3.06. “3707 9 3.08>- 3.09 3.90 ~S2a s3212
0.28 3313 2 8515: 3216 © Sly ee s.ls es Belo 3.20. 3221" 3222 Saeo!
0.29 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.33 3.34 "3235
0.30 3.36 3-37 3-38 3-39 3-40 3-42 3.43 3.44 3.45 3.46

88

TABLE 32 (Cont'd)

Oxygen

11.196 milliliters per liter of 05)

Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter

(1 milligram-atom per liter of Op

Milligram-

-OOl .002 .003 #.004 .005 .006 .007 + #2.008 ~ =~ .009

«000

atoms/liter
of O05

oe ee 6 se

89

-005 .006 .007 .008 + # .009

11.196 milliliters per liter of 0)

BS
- 004

Oxygen

TABLE 32 (Cont'd)
-003

002

eOOL

ot IN AOHM+t MOKAO HAMNO MOAHA MtNNO
ROAM PORODA CHAMA OFONS FUMING MORO
° ° ° ° 7 6 ° ee °
CLL EEE E DDMMM WOOD Goad ovo ANAS O
DOAOHM FNOCKHA OCHAMN OKDOADH AMtOe
AOA SFREGA CANMt OEOAO AaAmMsaG HHO
Care ns ° ° ° e ° ° 8 6 o «6 e
Dee he PEERED ONmnOnm DOOM ADOC ANNO O
~ FODOA MFtNOD ADOAVt NOKDODAD cdamstin
AS Rar at UNO @— ON OAN M+ Sco ONO HUM+FIN FOOD
e e e e e ° ° e e { et, ee oe Sees Mic Mee ° ° e .
orXKyK MEME EK DDDDOD DDDADA ADAAAAVNO NNN ©
- KONO AM+tH DAOHA +NOKD OHAMS+
RSNA INO A CAAM WODDAG TAMIA EOACH
‘coe ° oo8 ee re le Oo ee ee ie se ere 8: 8 8
worry e MERE KE DDDDD DODDDH ADAAAAAD ANAS O
NAOAAM MOKDOHD AUNMt+N WDHDOH AtNOK DBOHAM
DEAACMH s+tNora GHamst WOE ADO AAMT OD ACH
‘eae e e 6 e e e 6 ° es eo 8 6 8 © © @ “© © «© © »&
Sree SEP rE DDDHDHD DODD A AANAAAN AANVNOOS
ON MINOKO AAAM+t NKDAGOD HAMtNO HKAQHA
GAGA HINGED AANMSE NORODO AMM OPAC
e e e e 6 ~“® 6 8:8 ° ° e e
CGoXKE EK SEE FODDD DODD A AAAAN AAAS
WDAOH AMNOK OBAHAM HMNEFOAHR OnMtN OLAOQA
BACH FNOED HDOAM+ WOLOAN ANMseNW OhOO4
. ° ° 2 2 6 eter. 6.Acei mk sr a8 Oo cere. Oe teehee
VOLE BEEEEE FODDD DODDDD DADann ANAS O
Ln HAU+ING KROOHA M+t0K0O DOanmt NOLAO
SABSA FUGEO DOAUMF NOKDAHA CaAMsen Oona
coe ee) | 6 eee en «6 ry ° . © @ © © © iw © © © © —“% @ 8 @ oe
CGoKKE PERE FPODHDHD DODDD AANAAA NAVNOS
LA On At LOMOOH AMtQOK ANHOAM +NVOOQDA
BSASSZA FRO CHMt NOPDHA CHMAN ONDA

e ° * © e

wok Kee AAAADA

90

Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter

(1 milligram-atom per liter of 0

atoms/liter

Milligram-
of Op

«000

TABLE 32 (Cont'd)
Oxygen

Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter
(1 milligram-atom per liter of O05 = 11.196 milliliters per liter of Oo)

Milligram-

atoms/liter

of O5 -000 .0O0l .002 .003 .OOh .005 .006 .007 + #.008 ~ = .009
0.91 1O.bOr POP, 0.21. 10,20) 310.23 1O.ek 10.06 20.27 10.28 10.29
0.92 T0280 P10.s 10.32 10233 10.35 10.36 10.37 10.38 10.39 10.40
0.93 10.42 10.42 10.43 10.45 10.46 10.47 10.48 10.49 10.50 10.51
0.94 1Os52) O54 - 90555. 10.56. 20.57 10.53 10.59: 10.60 10.61 10.63

0.95 NOG WOs65" 10.66 10.67 10.66 10.69 10-70) 20.72 20.73 20.74

0.96 10-75 “10.76 LOs77 20-78 10.79 10.80. 10.82 10:83 10.8% 10.65

0.97 10,06 10.87 10,8384 10,89 10.90. 10.92 10.93 10.94. 10,95 10.96
0.98 NO.OF = 10295. 10.09 T1.01. 11502 Ba.0s 10k 11705 12.06, 11.207
0.99 Peco wlielOe ai tk Celie. Le. Te TiS iio, Tet ies
1.00 e2Oy “nee. Sse Gl os at ek Oo ie, Sey ee) ao
Or Dies aihesS lees MR eso lies. Bese, 1.39 11 e Gea
1.02 eto ie Ste PS. A io. SO ro i 50> ae Sl a 2
1.03 Tess lle See V5, VRS 158 17.59 21560 11.61 2.62 17.63
1.04 Hoe soo. wulwor ! ib 2.6Gs Ti. (O° DIST “L722 Ties. ace
1205 ieee pi lero wile oS “El.cOy TE,ol IGS” 1se3 185. fees
1.06 ee eetisoo ellsoO- 1 00: “het, IT. 9e, 2093: W105 11.96 T1.o7
Alo ys deo. le 9O 2200) 12201 [e202 TS 0% 12.050 12,06, 12.07, - 12.00
1.08 OO Ie Omoeia: OS Top es eG ey Tee 2easig
1.09 12.20) 2.2. 1.23 12.2 Se ve> 12686 1 .e7 e228 12,729 12530
iLatO eee oe dete does O45 1646 (25637 13a 12.59 2ech geuke
seni es pee oS pies Moce VIeche 1olko els 1ee5e ee 5s
ea 12.5 2.55 12256 Te.57 12.58 12.60 12.61. 12262 12.63 12.6)
Teks e705 wl oOom 122677 te oo. 12.70 Jase 1esfe 2.73 22. (8 12
aa! TO. 7O. Lee 77, |e. 9. 12.00. 12781 12.82: 12.83. 1e.8k 12285. 12586
deste 12206 “US.89 18.90 125014 12.92 12593, 12.9% 12.95. 12.96, 12.96
1216 1299". 19.00. 1300) “13.02 13.03. 1340) 13-05. 23.07 135.08. 13.09
ually g PoeLO Tse we ocleaw locks) loc a1s.16. P3cl7 ) 1eco- 13.20" Gee
pales seal Mee Ope SOO Tol See a dqeey- SSO. (1329: 113.30— bass
alee Ye) Deg eae so 8 se 36 4 1S 237) 1 30s 130 1320s 13 ae

1.20 13.4) 13.45 13:46 13.47 339.48 13-49 13.50 13551. 13.52 13.54

91

TABLE 32 (Cont'd)
Oxygen

Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter
(1 milligram-atom per liter of 05 = 11.196 milliliters per liter of Oo)

Milligram-
atoms/liter
of O 2000 = 001 -002 -003 -004 =.005 006 -007 .008 .009

° +
eI ea inv)

*

PPE PH HRP
e J * ° e e °
COBIAN WVEWD

«
Ww WW WW Whonmn phy

FWhNH

BEEP
e e

92

TABLE 33
Phosphorus

Conversion from micrograms per liter of inorganic P
to microgram-atoms per liter of P

(1 ug of P = 0.032285 ug-at of P)

Micrograms
per
Liter of
inorganic P_ 0.0 Oj! 0.2 Os 0.4 0.5 0.6 OZ 0.8 0.9

00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03

Micrograms per
Liter of in-
organic P 0.0 a0 2.0 820 4.0 5500) 6.0 720 8.0 9.0

93

TABLE 34
Phosphate

Conversion from micrograms per liter of PO, to
microgram-atoms per liter of PO,-P

(1 ug of PO, = 0.010529 ug-at of PO, -P)

Micrograms
per Liter
of PO, 0.0 eal O52 ORs 0.4 025 0.6 Ols7 0.8 0.9

00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Micrograms
per Liter

00
10
20
30
40
50

60
70
80
90
100

110
120
130
140
150

160
170
180
190
200

210
220
230
240
250

94

TABLE 34 (Cont'd)

Phosphate

Conversion from micrograms per liter of PO, to
microgram-atoms per liter of PO,~-P

Micrograms
per Liter
of PO, 0.0 1.0 2.0 i108) 4.0 BO 6.0 70 8.0 or0

260
270
280
290
300

310
320
330
340
350

95

TABLE 35
Phosphorus Pentoxide

Conversion from micrograms per liter of P50, to microgram-atoms per liter of P
(1 ug of P2905 = 0.014090 ng-atom of P)

Micrograms
per Liter
of P50, 0.0 O.1 O22 0.3 0.4 5 0.6 OR 0.8 0.9
00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 £O.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Micrograms
per Liter
of P505
00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.10 O20 Ona
10 Oni OF 5 O17 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.25: BiOR27
20 0,28 O80 0e3t Og32) 0E34 0ls5 5 10537 0538 Oes9 0.41
30 0.42 O.44 £0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 (O)5 ul 0.52 0.54 O55
40 O56 0.58 0.59 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.66 068° WO769
50 0270, 0272 0573" On75. 0176 0.77 0.79 0.80 0.82 "0283
60 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.89 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.96 *OR97,
70 0.99 L007 1301 103 L204) 7 1306 ~ 1207 1.08 1,10) veel
80 Ts 1.14 1.16 eZ, eS e202 123 1.24, elks25
90 ea 1.28) "1230 Wok io 2 Sh i s5 Wi, 1.38 “asg
100 1.41 1.42 1.44 1.45 1.47 1.48 1.49 esi 1252. Ht
110 IU, BS; 1.56 iS WES ye iOn: 1.62 1.63 165 1.66 1.68
120 1.69 IL S/O) AP? Wd ISS} 1.76 ess aks 7S, 1.80 1582
130 iL Gls 1.85 186 IS 1.89 1.90 1.92 193 1.94 1.96
140 1917 199 22003 20K: 27.03 2.04) 9) 2206 2,07 2,09 E220
150 Zeud 2s 2.0 26 Pan ly/ Pe iitsie 2740) 0 AS 7a 2,23 \2524
160 225 2a27 2.28. 2,30 25 232) §2234 0 92535 8237 2.38
170 202 A 2.42 2.44 2.45 2.47 2.48 2.49 Zoi Zaz
180 Pa S73 BS) ie NO 2258) 12059 2.61 2-02.) 2-03) 2.105 2.66
190 2.68 2.69 2.71 Zh Dien Deis 20755). 22716 Pree Pa ThS; 2.80
200 2.82 22038 92.95 2.86 2.87 2289 2.90 2.92 2.93 > g2m9n
210 2.96 297, 2599 300 ° “3502-3403 .3404" (3.06 “3207 3209
220 Sipe” eecieolal Bl 3) Poe La se Os Ses, 3.18 3:20 32.21 837523
230 So2h 63.25 io. 27 3,28) ) 3230) es.ol 8.53 seo SSD Shsi7/
240 3,30 3.40 3.41 3.42 3.44 3.45 3.47 3.48 3.49 355i
250 S52 er ie Seo) 2S 0k OLS lo 3.61 3.62 3.64 3565

Note: For values greater than 259, the conversion is to be obtained by addition.

96

TABLE 36
Nitrite

Conversion from micrograms per liter of NO, to microgram-atoms per liter of NO,-N
(1 ug of NO, = 0.0217365 ng - at of NO,-N)

Micrograms
per Liter
of NO. 0.0 10 2.0 350 4.0 Bate) 6.0 10 8.0 oF.0

00
10
20
30
40
50

60
70
80
90
100

110
120
130
140
150

160
170
180
190
200

97

TABLE 37
Nitrate

Conversion from micrograms per liter of NO, to microgram-atoms per liter of NO -N
3

Micrograms per

liter of NO, 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
00
10
20
30
40

Micrograms per

liter of NO. 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

98

TABLE 37 (Cont'd)

Nitrate

Conversion from micrograms per liter of NO, to microgram-atoms per liter of NO,-N

Micrograms per

liter of NO, 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
2100 33.9 34.0 34.2 34.4 34.5 34.7 348 35.0 35.2 35.3
2200 S555) SISOS Ig) so) sifoyeal 36.3 36.4 36.6 36.8 36.9
2300 SH Shoe Ole 37.0 S08 2 S729) 38. 38.2) 539.4 13855
2400 38.7 38.9 39.0 39.2 39.4 39.5 39.7 39.8 40.0 40.2
2500 40.3 40.5 40.6 40.8 41.0 41.1 41.3 41.4 41.6 41.8
2600 41.9 42.1 42.3 42.4 42.6 42.7 42.9 43.1 43.2 43.4
2700 h3a5 © 43.70 43.9" ALSO ee 2) 4a aS 47 48) 64520
2800 45.2 45.3 45.5 45.6 45.8 46.0 46.1 46.3 46.4 46.6
2900 46.8 46.9 47.1 47.30 47.4 47.60 47.700 47.9 «48.1 48.2
3000 48.4 48.5 48.7 48.9 49.0 49.2 49.4 49.5 49.7 49.8
NOTE: Conversion of values not given directly in the tables are derived

by addition.

99

TABLE 38
Silicon

Conversion from micrograms per liter of Si to microgram-atoms per liter of Si
(1 ug of Si = 0.0356049 ug-atom Si)

Micrograms
per
Liter of Si 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

000
100
200
300
400
500

600
700
800
900

Micrograms
per
Liter of Si 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

1000
2000
3000
4000
5000

6000
7000
8000

EXAMPLE I:
Assume an initial value of 4200. Since this value lies within the range
1000 ~ 8900, use lower portion of above table. Enter left hand column
at 4000, proceed horizontally to the right to column headed 200, and read
[5 0)

EXAMPLE II:

Assume an initial value of 4180. Since this value is not recorded explicitly
in the table, the conversion can be made by one of two methods:

100

TABLE 38 (Cont'd)

Silicon

(1) Interpolation between 4100 and 4200 to nearest whole number, 149;
or (2) Since 4180 = 4100 + 80, find 146 corresponding to 4100 and 003

corresponding to 80.
Add 146 and 003 to get 149,

101

TABLE 39
Silicon Dioxide

Conversion from micrograms per liter of Si05 to microgram-atoms per liter of Si0,-Si
(1 ng of S10, = 0.016643 ng-atom of Si)

Micrograms
per
Liter of
Sio,

000
100
200
300
400
500

600
700
800
900

Micrograms

per

Liter of

Sid, 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

1000
2000
3000
4000
5000

6000
7000
8000
9000
10000

11000
12000

102

TABLE 40
Silicate

Conversion from milligrams per liter of SiO, to microgram-atoms per liter
of Si0,-Si (1 milligram of Si0, = 13.1433 microgram-atoms of Si0,-Si)

Milligrams
per Liter
of Sid, 0.0 Oza! O22 0.3 0.4 Ons 0.6 Oz, 0.8 0.9

103

APPENDIX 1

WATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER
WASHINGTON 25, D, C

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA FORM

FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC STATIONS
NHO-NODC- 3167/1 (9-61)

SURFACE ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION

a a SS a) Ee a
tees este be ee Ee] ee

EASE
PP Pp
eC a

rape oom (RFS |e

(MASTER CARD)

SHIP'S
CRUISE NO

DEPTH TO

COUNTRY BOTTOM (M)

cof 1 |

SPECIAL OBS.

CRUISE OR PROJECT NO.

SUBSURFACE OBSERVATIONS— (DETAIL CARDS)

OPTIONAL CHEMISTRY

SPECIFY OPTIONAL ITEMS OR SPECIAL CODES

MASTER

|e far LONGITUDE
LT te “TT
0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0/0 0 0/0 Ojo

1243 415 6]7 8) 900 18 12/13 14}15)
DUD aD a ay ay a
22/2 2/2 2/2 2/2)2 2 2/2 2/2
33/3 3/3 3/3 3/3)3 3 3/3 3/3

4414 4/4 4/4 41414 4 414 414
5 5/5 5}5 515 5}5)5 5 5/5 515

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

OCEANOGRAPHIC STATION CARD

6 6/6 6/6 6/6 6/66 6 6/6 6/6

Manso DATE

saust [va [wo [oar|wn [a] “ao |e

in
2222 22/2222

0.0 0/0 0/0 0/00
16 17 18]19 20}21 22]29 24]
LO
22 :2)2 2/2 2/22
33 3)3 3/3 3/3 3
444/4 4/4 4144
55 5}5 5)5 5/5 5)

6 6 6/6 6/6 6/6 6

77)7: 1)7 17 7)7)7 7-7) 747

8 8/8 8/8 8/8 8/8)8 8 8/8 8/8

9 9/9 9)9 9/9 919/99 919 919

4213 als el7 altos i2hia vhs
Imm D33802

99 9/9 919 919 9
nina

16.17 18119 20121

TIME

surs [SMFS] beet WAVE
CRUISE | STATION

==/ 400) waTeR
807 Tom|s3=|cooe [enon ]Tmans]oin [a] [OR [2

—

AIR TEMP.

5] SPeciac |RO0c Processing #05]

Ln

[5 oe Ee ee

000/000)000
Praja aiid
222/22 2/222

PO,-P |TOTAL-P] MO,

1000
176 77 78 79)
1111
2222

3333

4444/4144 4414
555 5)5)5 5 5 5/5
6 6 6 6/6/66 6 6/6

444444444
55 5/55 51555)

4444
$555
6666

9
35

SP VOL
ANOMALY

71777
8888

oe

oO

ae a =
OBSERVE

NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER

“IF MORE THAN 3 DIGITS, USE SPECIAL OBS. Fi

ELD

OCEANOGRAPHIC STATION CARD
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

MASTER

STANDARD

5
i ne Ne Sa a aa a
| ) oe

7 vf 7
1s “Aaa
2 Ls» eG’