J. PIERPONT MORGAN PUBLICATION FUND REPORTS OF THE PRINCETON UNIVERSITY EXPEDITIONS TO PATAGONIA, 1896-1899 J. B. HATCHER IN CHARGE EDITED BY WILLIAM B. SCOTT BLAIR PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY VOLUME VIII, 2 BOTANY PRINCETON, N. J. THE UNIVERSITY STUTTGART SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSHANDLUNG (E. NAGELE) 1903-6 Q 115 v.9 pi-. 2 J. PIERPONT MORGAN PUBLICATION FUND REPORTS OF THE PRINCETON UNIVERSITY EXPEDITIONS TO PATAGONIA 1896- 1899 VOLUME VIII, 2 BOTANY V. FLORA PATAGONICA (CONCLUDED) VI. ANALYSIS OF ORDERS AND FAMILIES VII. COLLECTORS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY VIII. TOPOGRAPHY IX. CHARACTER AND ORIGIN OF THE PATAGONIAN FLORA BY GEORGE MACLOSKIE PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRINCETON, N. J. THE UNIVERSITY STUTTGART SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSHANDLUNG (E. NAGELE) 1903-6 PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. MACLOSKIE : ROSACE/E. 467 few-flowered, nearly as long as the leaf. Terminal leaflets 14 mm. long. N. Patagon. ; Chiloe I. (Chili ; Peru). Chubut, by Carren-leofu. 2. CALDCLUVIA Don. Low tree, with terete, opposite branches, these, the petioles and the in- florescence tomentillous. Leaves simple, opposite, coriaceous, petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, gland-serrate, nervose, with large, leafy subfalcate, serrate stipules. Flowers small, white, 4-5-merous ; in large, long-pedun- cled, densely flowered, axillary panicles, calyx 4~5-partite, with valvate lobes. Petals inserted under a hypogynous disk ; lance-linear, unguicu- late. Stamens 8-10 exsert, anthers didymous.' Ovary free, 2-celled, 2- beaked and styled. Ovules numerous, pendulous. Embryo in axis of fleshy endosperm. Only species. C. PANICULATA (Cav.) Don. (Chilian thickets); W. Patagon. Characters of genus. Family 5 i . ROSACES. The Rose Family. Trees, shrubs or herbs, commonly with alternate, stipulate leaves, and regular, perfect flowers. Calyx free from, or adnate to, the ovary, 5-(rarely 4-9-)lobed, sometimes with bracteoles. Petals as many, perigynous, or rarely none. Stamens mostly numerous, perigynous. Carpels 5-many, rarely fewer, distinct or connate. Fruit achenes, drupes, or pomes. Seeds normally without endosperm. Species 1,200, cosmopolitan. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Carpels 5-2 (or 12-1) verticillate, either on a special receptacle or immersed in the persisting axis, each with 2-00 seeds. Filaments from a broad basis, smaller upwards. Sepals often obsolete. Fruit of follicles free or connate. Seeds wingless, coriaceous or wrinkled. Stamens perigynous. Mostly shrubs. I. Spircea, p. 468. A2. Carpels 5—2, connate with the inner wall of the hollow, floral axis, and with each other, becoming in fruit a fleshy pome. b. Carpels several seeded, the seeds in two series. 2. Cydonia, p. 468. b2. Carpels 2-seeded. Floral axis pyriform to globular. 3. Pynis, p. 469. A 3. Carpels few or many, on a disk, distinct, each 1-2 ovuled, becoming I -seeded achenes or drupelets. b. Floral axis flat or convex. Filaments narrowing from a broad base. 468 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS '. BOTANY. c. Carpels 2-ovulcd, becoming a mass of drupelets. No outer calyx. 4. Rubus, p. 469. C2. Carpels i-ovuled, becoming achenes. Mostly an outer calyx. d. Seeds pendulous. Achenes nut-like ; style deciduous. e. Carpel -bearing receptacle becoming large and juicy. 5. Fragaria, p. 470. ez. Carpel-bearing receptacle little enlarged in fruit, dry and colorless. 6. Potentilla, p. 470. d2. Seeds erect. Style usually persisting. Flowers 5-merous. Receptacle flat. 7. Gettm, p. 471. b2. Floral axis goblet-shaped, completely enclosing the 2-more carpels, usually hardening in fruit. Filaments with slender base, not narrowing above. Sepals 4, rarely 3 or 5. Petals none. Stamens sometimes few or 1-2 ; carpels few. c. Outer calyx leaves 4-5, alternating with the sepals. Style basal. Carpels 1-4. Leaves broad, simple, usually lobed. 8. Alchemilla, p. 472. c2. No outer calyx, nor petals. Floral axis spiniferous in fruit, but not a circle of spines. Leaves often pinnately divided. d. Spines small and short, I under each sepal. Carpel I. Flowers small, solitary, axillary. Fruit a white berry. Small shrubs. 9. Margyricarpus, p. 473. d2. As Margyricarpus, but fruit dry, 4-winged. 10. Tetraglochin, p. 474. 2. Leaves pinnate ; floral leaves in an involucre. involucratum. A2. Flowers yellow. b. Leaves pinnatisect ; terminal lobes large. chiloense. .. . ( magellanicum. 02. Radical leaves interruptedly pinnate. < ? i. G. CHILOENSE Balb. (G. chilense Lindl.) Leaves irregularly pinnatisect, crenate; the terminal lobes rounded, much exceeding the others. Chili; Chiloe I; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi; by Rio Sta. Cruz; Punta Arenas. (Perhaps a var. of G. urbanum L.) "Flowers yellow, subsessile or long-pedicelled." (Speg.) 2. G. INVOLUCRATUM JuSS. Learns pinnate ; the outermost rotundate-crenate. Floral leaves as an involucre. Scape, 5-peduncled ; naked below, and leafy under the sub- capitate flowers. Corolla white, shorter than the calyx. Magellan. 3. G. MAGELLANICUM Comm. (=G. urbannm Index Kewensis; see No. 5 below). Leaves pinnate ; the outermost divisions very large and lobed ; the lower very small. Scape elongate. It grows with G. involncratnm ; but its lateral leaves are much smaller, and with very small leaves interposed. 472 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. S. Patagon. ; Magellan ; Fuegia. 4. GEUM PARVIFLORUM Comm. ex Smith. (G. magellanicmn Lech, non Comm., Sieversia albiflora Hook, f.) Stem few-flowered, tomentose. Leaves hairy, interruptedly pinnatisect, crenate, the terminal lobe large, rounded, obscurely 5-lobed, the stipitles dissected. Pedicels thickened, with a basal trifid bract. Flowers nod- ding; calyx-lobes erect, equalling the white petals. Styles deflexed, hooked, the appendage as long. Magellan; Fuegia, alpine at Ushuaia. "Like a small G. ttrbanum but the flowers differ." 5. G. URBANUM Linn. (Including No. 3 supra. G. magellanicum Comm.) Stem branching, hairy, erect. Radical leaves quinate-pinnatisect ; the cauline ternate-palmatisect ; the lobes ovate, crenate-dentate ; the upper- most i-lobed, ovate. Stipules large, suborbicular. Calyx-segments re- flexed. Petals ovate, rather large, yellow. Achenial head spherical. Styles glabrous, hooked. (N. Temperate Zone and N. Zeal.); Magellan, Fuegia, S. Patagon., at head of Rio Chico. (J. B. Hatcher.) J. D. Hooker states that the Magellan plant shows great variations ; petals of the wild specimens being often yellow, and twice as large as the sepals ; while in garden specimens the petals are much larger and red or scarlet. The leaves also differ greatly. Index Kewensis relegates the Magellan and N. Zealand forms to the Old-World G. urbanum. 8. ALCHEMILLA Linn. (Alchimilla Tournef.) Herbs, with lobed or digitate leaves, adnate stipules, and small green- ish clustered flowers. Calyx cup-shaped, contracted at the throat, 4-5- lobed, 4~5-bracteolate. Petals none. Stamens 1-4, short. Carpels 1-4, styles basal or lateral, becoming achenes enclosed in the persistent calyx. Species 35, Europe, mountains of Africa and of W. Amer., from British Columbia to Chili. A. ARVENSIS Sm. Stems branched, leafy. Leaves trifid, pubescent ; lobes cuneate, deeply cut. Stipules large. Flowers sessile, axillary. MACLOSKIE I ROSACEyE. 473 (Europe) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. ALCHEMILLA TRIPARTITA Ruiz & Pav. Cespitose. Leaves palmately 3~5-partite ; their segments cuneiform, incised-serrate, or few-cleft upwards. Stipules sheathing, 2-4-cleft. Flowers cymulose, terminal on the branches. Perigonium 8-cleft, its tube appressed, pubescent, its segments glabrous, the outer 4 smaller. Polymorphous. (Venezuela and southwards) ; Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge, and Rio Sta. Cruz. 9. MARGYRICARPUS Ruiz. &.Pav. Branching shrubs, with crowded, imbricate leaves of two forms (some unequally pinnate, rigid or spinescent, enclosing simple leaves in their axils), and having sessile, solitary flowers in the axils. Calyx 4-5-merous. Petals none. Stamens 1-2. Carpel \, inferior, i -seeded. Fruit berry-like. Species 8, in S. Amer., andine. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Fruit not winged. hi. Fruit trigonal, not armed ; leaflets linear. patagonicns. l>2. Fruit a white berry. c. Leaves bipinnate, with spinescent rachis ; segments linear. pinnattts. c2. Plant more prostrate and robust. Leaflets short, subequal. microphyllus. A2. Fruit with 2 rigid broad wings, and intermediate pointed tubercles. Leaflets woolly. clarazii. A$. Fruits 3-4- winged. Leaves with spinescent petioles. (Tetraglochin.) b. Leaflets small, ovate, setiferous. (T. amegliinoi.) b2. Leaflets long-oblong, mucronate. Wings of fruit broad. (T. alatus.} b^. Fruit tetragonal, angles spiniferous. Leaflets minute, subcordate. (T. acantkocarpus.') I. M. CLARAZII J. Ball. Small, with leaflets woolly underneath the adnate stipules, fimbriate- ciliate ; calyx silky. Fruit having 2 rigid pointed wings, with 2-3 inter- mediate, pointed tubercles. (The wings twice as large as the diameter of the fruit.) Patagon. at Rio Chubut and southward. 2. M. MICROPHYLLUS Nied. Near M. pinnatus, but prostrate and more robust. Rachis tomentose, rigid, subspinescent. Leaflets shorter and more equal. N. Patagon. 474 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 3. MARGYRICARPUS PATAGONICUS Speg. (M. setosus patagoniats Speg.) Prostrate, cespitose shrub, unarmed. Young branches long, densely leafy, in the axils of old, dry leaves. Leaves glabrous, odd-pinnate ; the leaflets linear, acute, entire, revolute. Fruit trigonal, not winged, obo- vate, solitary in the axils. Patagon., by Rio Negro ; mouth of Rio Chubut ; Golfo de San Jorge ; R. de Sta. Cruz. 4. M. PINNATUS O. Ktze. (M. setosus Ruiz. & Pav.) A low, stiff bush with pinnate leaves, and linear, pinnate leaflets. Flowers axillary, inconspicuous. Fruit a white berry, edible, at least in some varieties. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, and over most of the Andes. "Yerba de la perdiz." The " tinamou " eats it; and the natives call it the Silio Labuez or partridge-remedy. (J. Ball.) 10. TETRAGLOCHIN Poepp. (Saepissime sub Margyricarpus\ Floral axis in the fruit dry, with 4 wings. Species 3, Chili and Patagonia. (See key under Margyricarpus.] i. T. ACANTHOCARPUS Speg. {Margyricarpus acanthocarpiis Speg.) Diffuse, densely branching shrub. Branches apically leafy with dense, glabrous, sheathing leaves, ciliate at their opening, odd pinnate. Leaflets 2-4 pairs, subopposite, minute, glabrous, subcordate, ovate. Flowers in 3's, sessile on ape.x of the peduncles, not exceeding the leaves, with broad, ovate, ciliate bracts. Sepals glabrous, elliptical-oblong. Fruit coriaceous, hispid-velvety, elliptic or ovate, tetragonal, with stout horizon- tal reddish spines on the angles. Over all eastern Patagon. between Rio Chubut and Rio Sta. Cruz and Golfo de San Jorge. Variable as to leaves, fruit and villosity. Spegazzini gives the follow- ing forms or varieties. (1) typica; leaves glabrous; fruits not winged, white. (2) macropoda ; peduncles long, otherwise as (i). (3) lasiocarpa ; fruit villous, broad-winged. MACLOSKIE I ROSACE/E. 475 (4) dasycarpa ; leaves silky ; fruit velvety, winged. (5) leiocarpa ; leaves pilosulous ; fruit glabrous, winged, spinesccnt I 2. TETRAGLOCHIN ALATUM Gill. (T. strictum Poepp.) Fruticose, strict. Petioles very spinescent, broad at base. Young shoots very short, leafy ; leaflets basally adnate, long-oblong, mucronate, revolute. Fruit with 3-4 broad, membranaceous wings. (Bolivia); Patagon. In lofty mountains and pastures of the Andes. The wood is collected by travellers crossrng the Andes. 3. T. AMEGHINOI Speg. (Margyricarpus Ameghinoi Speg.) Strict undershrub, with subspinescent, spreading petioles, and short, leafy, axillary branchlets. Petiole very short, with ciliate pericladium. Leaf odd-pinnate, leaflets minute, subopposite, sessile, ovate, sharply setif- erous, margin revolute ; the lowest remote, entire ; the upper approximate, 2-3-partite. Fruits solitary, sessile at the axils, glabrous, shining ; 3-winged. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Lago Musters ; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi. ii. ACENA Vahl. Herbs, often woody at base, glabrous or silky, often with erect scape- like floriferous stems, of the habit of Sanguisorba. Leaves unequally pin- nate, with adnate stipules. Flowers in heads, or interruptedly spicate, green or reddish, bracted. Calyx-tube constricted at the throat, per- sistent ; calyx-lobes 3-4. Petals none. Stamens 1-3, rarely more, in the calyx-throat. Carpels 2. Fruit-head armed with retrorsely barbed spines. Seed i to each flower. Species 40, characteristic of extra-trop. S. Amer. with outlying species in Mexico, Calif, Hawaii Is., Tristan, S. Africa, S. Austral., Tasmania, and N. Zeal. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. (Euaccena^ Flowers in globose or cylindric spikes, with solitary flowers lower on the scape. b. Plant smooth, shining. pumila. b2. Leaves silky-villous. cupatoria. £3. Leaves silky on the under surface. 476 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. c. Upper surface smooth. Fruit with large and small spines. platyacantha. c2. Upper surface pubescent. Fruit glochidiate all round. sericea. 64. Plant more or less pubescent. c. Spines free, glochidiate. d. Fruits smooth. d2. Fruits villous. e. Leaflets entire or toothed, pubescent-setose. /. Leaflets coarsely toothed towards the apex. f2. Leaflets usually entire. /3. Leaflets 7-9 pairs, pinnatipartite ; the segments narrow. c2. Spines free, prismatic, rigid, basally enlarged. d. Fruit about midway having '4 short spines. d2. Fruit covered with spines. e. Plants pubescent-setose, cinereous. /. Fruits attenuate both ways. /2. Fruits oval. Leaflets smooth on upper surface. e2. Plants green, pubescent or hirsute. Pinnae pinnatifid. /. Erect, silky. /2. Cespitose, villous. 6$. Lax-pilose. Fruit tetragonal, with tubercles. Stamens 2. b6. Silky. Fruit 3~4-angled, with 2-4 spines and smaller spines between. A2, (Ancistrum.) Fruits in globose heads. At maturity each has 2-4 spines. b. Plants pure green. c . Leaflets serrate or coarsely toothed. /. Leaflets silvery on lower surface. /2. Leaflets pubescent or smooth on under surface. g. Fruits covered by large, stout hairs appressed apexwards. g2. Fruit covered by white villi. /3/ Leaflets silky on both surfaces. g. Fruit with 4 long, divaricate setae. g2. Fruit slightly winged, with compressed glochidia. c 2. Leaflets pilose, 2-parted, minute. Calyx villous. Fruit unarmed. ^3. Leaflets 3-5-partite ; segments unequal. C4. Leaflets 1 1 , apically incised. Fruit small, with 4 short glochidia. £•5. Leaflets about 1 1, pectinate, emarginate. Heads small. d. Fruit with 4-2 short spines. d2. Fruit with 5 spines. c6. Leaflets 4-6 pairs, pinnatifid, veiny, glabrous. the calyx. b2. Plants glaucous or cinereous. c. Fruits with spines subequal and yellowish. d. Fruits smooth. lavigata. d2. Fruits pubescent. adscendens. c2. Fruits with midspines larger than the others. macrostemon. £3. Plants densely pulvinate. Leaves 2-3, white, silky. Fruit with short glochidia all round. pulvinata. andina. splendens. integerrima. myriophylla, multifida. fuegiana. cuneata. pinnatifida. pappigiana, lucida. trifida. argentea. ovalifolia. krausei, cadilla. philippi. pannfolia. magellanica. alboffii. nudicaulis. tenera. Spines 4, spreading, twice as long as (lavigatd) venulosa. MACLOSKIE I ROSACE/E. 477 64. Silvery-silky, cespitose. Fruit with short spines. cas/ritosa. . Cespitose-silky. Flowers sexually dimorphous ; the females hid in the leaf-axils. Fruit winged, with glochidia and spines. tehuelcha. Low. Leaflets 3-4, oblong-serrate, 6 mm. long ; fulvous-hairy. antarctita, I. AOENA ADSCENDENS Vahl. Stem long, prostrate, sending up glabrous, leafy branches. Leaflets 4-7 pairs, ovate-oblong, obtuse, serrate. Scape leafy below, leafless and smooth above (rarely with a bract and glomerule midway) ; head globose ; bractlets linear, apex ciliate. Calyx glabrous, its lobes oblong, pilose on outside. Stamens mostly 4, exceeding the calyx-lobes. Stigmas long, subplumose. Fruit obconical, with 4 long glochidia. (Chili) ; Magellan (by Hatcher at Punta Arenas) ; Fuegia, passim; Falklands; N. Patagon., at Lago Nahuel-huapi. (Also in Australia and S. Georgia I. ) FIG. 74. Accena adscendens. — Flower and bract ; calyx with glochidia and stigma : all magnified. (From Flora antarctica.) A. ADSCENDENS MACROCH/ETA Franchet. Taller. Leaves ovate-eHiptical, with long- stalked, terminal part. Setce 4 times as long as the pilose capsule. Magellan ; Cape Horn. A. ADSCENDENS CORIACEA Small. More robust and elongated than the type. Leaves narrower, oblong in outline, short-petioled, rigid ; the winged base of the petiole produced into toothed auricles. Leaflets smaller. S. Patagon., at Cape Fairweather, etc. 2. A. ALBOFFII (Alboff sine nomine) Macl. Low, from thick rhizome, with old leaves about the base, branching into floriferous stems and sterile scions. Stems low, blackish, few-leaved, apically naked, subglabrous. Radical leaves short-petiolate, ovate-oblong, pubescent beneath, once-pinnate, with about 1 1 leaflets ; these small, obo- vate-cuneate, apically cuneate-incised. Head solitary, large. Stamens 6. Styles long, plumose, blackish. Fruit small, spines 4, short-glochidiate. Fuegia, alpine meadows above Ushuaia. N. Alboff. 478 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. 3- AC^ENA ANDINA Phil. Thick black rhizome bearing rosettes of pinnatipartite leaves, the parts pinnatifid, underneath and marginally setaceous. Flowers in a head or large spike. Sefla/s setose. Fruit glabrous, with subulate spines, twice as long as the fruit is broad. (Chili, near snow) ; Patagon. (?). 4. A. ANTARCTICA Hook. f. Low. Stems short, robust, prostrate, ascending, and sparsely branch- ing. Leaves crowded, leaflets 3-4, broadly oblong, obtusely serrate, medially channeled, silky-villous above with tawny hairs, pilose under- neath. Peduncle scapiform. " I have not met with this small and very distinct species either in flower or fruit." (J. D. Hooker.) (A specimen so named in the Gray Herbarium has the head terminal and subglobular.) E. and W. Magellan, Fuegia, passim, to Hermite I., and Cape Horn ; Staaten I. 5. A. ARGENTEA R. & P. Erect or ascending. Leaves numerous, 4-6 cm. long, with 4-6 pairs of coriaceous, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, serrate leaflets, dull green and smooth on upper surface, silvery-silky beneath. Head globose. Bracts linear. Calyx smooth. Fruit silky upwards, with 4 yellow spines. Valdivia. 6. A. CADILLA Hook. f. Stem prostrate, branching, the branches ascending, and petioles villous with spreading hairs. Leaves membranaceous, silky ; leaflets broad ovate- oblong, obtuse, incise-serrate. Peduncle scape-like, the head globose. Calyx densely setose-pilose, its lobes villous outside. Stamens 2, filaments and anthers small. Fruit obconical, ending in 4 long, divaricate, filiform setce. Style short, slender, plumose. Vernacular name, "cad ilia." S. Chili. Patagon. (?). 7. A. OESPITOSA Gill. Silvery-silky. Leaflets 3-4-jugous, the upper entire, the lower bi-tri- fid, segments linear, entire, small. Flowers in 1-2 capitula. Fruit ovoid, smooth and armed with short spines. MACLOSKIE : ROSACE/E. 479 (Chili) ; Chubut, in dry hills near Nafofo-cahuellu. " Densely or laxly cespitose. Seems not to differ from A. pulmnata O. Ktze." (Speg.) 8. AC^ENA CUNEATA Hook and Arn. Silvery-silky. Stem short, decumbent. Leaflets 4-7 pairs, obliquely obovate-cuneate, apically incise-dentate. Scape strong, with a few large, remote flowers, or globose-spicate. Calyx-lobes silky outside. Stamens 2, with long filaments. Stigma depressed. Fruits obovate tetragonal, or broad and then 2-seeded ; armed all round by glochidia. Magellan ; S. Patagon., by Rio Coy (J. B. Hatcher, Dec. 18, 1896). Cape Gregory. 9. A. EUPATORIA Cham. & Schl. Stem erect, spreading, silky-villous. Leaves oblong, oblique at base, incised, serrate, silky beneath (resembling Potentilla anserina]. Flowers 2-staminate, small, sparse and glomerate in an interrupted spike. (S. Brazil) ; N. Patagon., in dry regions by Rio Negro. 10. A. FUEGIANA Phil. Stem erect, 20 cm. high. Leaves coriaceous, crowded at its base, Leaflets 4-6 pairs, cuneate ; the apex deeply 3-5-toothed. Lower flowers in axils of small leaves ; the others in a dense, ovate head. Fruits pubes- cent, angled, with 4-5 aculei on each angle ; these short, glochidiate. S. Patagon., by Rio Chico ; Fuegia. II. A. INTEGERRIMA Gill. All silky-woolly. Leaflets 4 pairs, ovate-oblong, entire, or apically 2- 3-toothed. Heads globose, one or a second remote. Fruit oval, with projecting ridges having very short glochidia. Near A. splendens. (Cordilleras of Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Chico and Sta. Cruz. 12. A. KRAUSEI Phil. Plant smooth or pubescent, glaucous-green ; ascending. Leaflets 4-5 pairs, obovate, toothed ; smooth except underneath along the nerves. Sepals pubescent. Anthers purple. Fruit obovoid-cuneiform, white-vil- lous, with 4 unequal spines. Valdivia. 480 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. 13. ACJENA LvEYIGATA Ait Smooth, decumbent Ascending branches leafy. Leaflets opposite, oblong, obovate, obtuse, oblique at base, crenate-dentate above, cori- aceous, smooth on upper surface, hairy underneath. Scape with cylin- drical terminal spike, and others globular. CaJyx glabrous. Stamens 2, filaments short, anthers rounded. Stigma short, fimbriate. Fruit gla- brous, compressed, with 4 erect, unequal spines. Patagon., N. and S. ; Magellan, Fuegia to Hermite I. ; Falklands. 14. A. LUCID A Yahl. Loosely pilose. Stem long, decumbent branching. Leaflets 8-9 pairs, 3-5-parted, villous beneath, the segments oblong to linear. Peduncles short, stout Spikes ovate-oblong. Stamens usually 2. Fruit tetragonal with tubercles above on the angles, externally pilose. Magellan, E. Fuegia (Ansorge, Dusen) ; Falklands, " on rocks near the sea."*" •*> 15. A. MACROSTEMON Hook, f. Stem rather simple, 30 cm. high, leafy. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, silky, mostly sessile, decurrent crenate-toothed. Scape long, sparingly pilose, having a large, globose head. Calyx pilose, its lobes oblong-obovate, silky. Filaments long, anthers large, oblong. Style long, plumose. Frmf having 2 spines twice as long as the others. (Chili ; Mendoza) ; S. Patagon. by Puerto Deseado. 1 6. A. MAGELLANICA Yahl. Abortively diaecionsf Stem short, branches ascending. Leaves sub- coriaceous, silky beneath. Leaflets 3-7 pairs, broad-ovate-oblong, obtuse, upper ones decurrent crenate-serrate or cleft Scape naked or rarely i- leaved, pubescent Heads small, dilated after flowering. Calyx broad, pilose. Stamens 4, long ; anthers large, didymous. Style long, broad, plumose. Spines long, unequal, glochidiate. Heads never divided. The hairy peduncles and broad styles distin- guish it from A. adscendens. Magellan, Cape Gregory, etc S. Patagon., on pampas near Rio Coy. (Hatcher, in fruit Dec 17, 1896.) MACLOSKIE: ROSACE/E. 481 17. AC/ENA MULTIFIDA Hook. f. Sparsely villous. Root woody. Stem slender, ascending, simple or divided upwards. Leaves broad-linear on slender petioles ; leaflets numerous, pinnatifid, or 3-5 partite, the segments linear, obtuse, margins revolute ; glabrous above, silky underneath. Peduncles 20-40 cm. high, villous, sparsely leafy. Flowers crowded most of them, in a globose head. Calyx hirsute, its lobes fuscous-purple, silky outside. Stamens 2, short. Stigma depressed, fimbriate. Fruit tetragonal, smooth, with glocJiidia dilated at their base, on the upper part. S. Patagon., in the Cordilleras (Hatcher) ; Magellan, Fuegia, passim. A steppe plant, affecting dry parts. "Stouter than A, piunatiflda, fruits twice as large, spines broad downwards." (Speg.) 1 8. A. MYRIOPHYLLA Lindl. Erect, 15 cm. high, pubescent. Leaflets 7-9 pairs, .linear, pinnati- partite ; segments narrow, silky beneath. Spikes cylindrical, interrupted at the b^e. Fruit ovate, tomentose, with glochidiate spines. (Chili ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon. Common about the bizcacha (Vis- cacha) warrens." (J. Ball.) 19. A. NUDICAULIS Alboff. Erect, rough, branching, from a large rhizome. Underground brandies covered by old leaves. Leaves radical, ovate to oblong, short-petioled. Leaflets 9—11, obovate-cuneate, pectinate, apex emarginate. Head small, i cm. in diameter, globose, blackish. Stamens 4 (and 2 staminodes), short. Fruit with 4 or 2 short spines. Fuegia, Ushuaia; cultivated. 20. A. OVALIFOLIA Ruiz. & Pav. Stems creeping. Leaflets 4-5 pairs, oblong, subcuneate, villous under- neath. Spikes globose. Calyx densely covered with long hairs. Sta- mens mostly 2. Fruit villous, with 2-3 (-4) glocliidia. (Peru); S. Patagon. (Hatcher); Magellan. Fuegia to Cape Horn. 21. A. PARVIFOLIA Phil. Much branching, decumbent ; branches 7 cm. long. Leaves subradical, small (8 mm. long) pilose ; leaflets minute, 2-partite. Peduncle filiform, 482 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. short, with a terminal, globose head of about 1 2 flowers. Calyx-segments ovate, villous. Fruits unarmed. E. Fuegia. 22. AOENA PHILIPPI Dusen. (A. sericea Phil, non Jacq.) Cespitose, 24 cm. high. Leaves crowded, silky. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, ovate, deeply incised-serrate, larger towards apex of leaf. Scapes long, usually naked. Head globose. Fruits angular, slightly winged. Glo- c India compressed. E. Fuegia. 23. A. PINNATIFIDA Ruiz. & Pav. (Plate XIX.) Erect, silky. Leaflets 3-5 pairs, deeply 3~5-parted, the segments linear. Flowers crowded in cylindrical spikes, the lower ones rather remote. Stamens 5-10. Fruit armed all around with glochidia. (Chili) ; Magellan; S. Patagon., at head of Rio Sta. Cruz. (J. B. Hatcher. In fruit Feb. 9-25.) Golfo de San Jorge. In some of the Hatcher specimens the leaflets are 8-9 pairs. A. PINNATIFIDA GLABRATA Speg. Upper surface of the leaves glabrous, obscurely fuscous-green, blacken- ing when dry. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. 24. A. PLATYACANTHA Speg. Cespitose perennial. Leaves odd-pinnate, with 6-9 pairs of leaflets ; the lower entire, the upper i-2-partite, lanceolate, margin revolute, obtuse; silky-villous beneath, smooth above. Scapes subvillous, capitate with globose apex ; also often with a few flowers or bracts lower down. Fruit tomentose, 2-4-angled, subulate, spinescent, the angles often with 2 super- posed spines ; armed in the sinuses with small aculei. Patagon., by Magellan ; R. Sta. Cruz, and Golfo de San Jorge. A. PLATYACANTHA PARVIFOLIA Speg. Leaves fasciculate at top, with a broad pericladium ; petiole very short ; leaflets 2-5 pairs, approximate, ovate, obtuse, mostly entire. Patagon. ; by Golfo de San Jorge. MACLOSKIE I ROSACE/E. 483 25. AOENA PCEPPIGIANA Gay. Villous, cespitose. Stems simple, strict. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, silky underneath, 5-partite, segments ovate-oblique. Spike interrupted, the lower flowers few, remote, the upper agglomerate. Stamens 2, short. Stigmas patelliform, fimbriate. Fruits very small, ovate-globose ; spines pyramidal, unequal, sparingly glochidiate. (Chili) ; by Hatcher in S. Patagon., on pampas near Coy Inlet. The leaves are crowded at the base, having many obscure lobes. The flowers are in a terminal, and 2-3 smaller subterminal spikes. 26. A. PULVINATA O. Ktze. Stems many, short, densely pulvinate, 5-10 cm. high, at base covered by old sheaths, upwards having 2-3 white, silky leaves, each having 3-5 leaflets ; these are trisect with subulate segments. Petiole i cm., with a basal sheath. Scape 3 cm., leafless, or i -leaved, with i subulate bract. Head globose, io-flowered. Calyx- segments white-silky, with long hairs. Fruit triquetrous-obovate, glabrous, with very short glochidia on all sides. (Argentina) ; Patagon. (See A. ccespitosa Gill.) 27. A. PUMILA Vahl. Glabrous. Root descending. Stem short, 3 cm., simple. Leaflets 10-12 pairs, small, obliquely ovate, obtuse, crenate-serrate, coriaceous, margins recurving. Scape with a slender spike. Calyx-lobes oblong-obtuse, pilose above. Stamens 4, short. Fruit with short glochidia all round. Stigma depressed, fimbriate. "A pretty little species; with spike elongated." Magellan, Desolation I., Fuegia to Hermite I. 28. A. SERICEA DC. Leaflets obovate, incise-toothed, pubescent, silky underneath. Flowers in a crowded, cylindrical spike, on a decumbent stem. Corolla sympetal- ous, rotate. Calyx glochidiate all round. "Fruit elliptical, 6 by 3 mm., obscurely 3-4-gonal, angles minutely i-4-spinuligerous, faces tomentosu- lous with sparing, minute aculei." (Speg.) S. Patagon., at Puerto Deseado ; by Rio de Sta. Cruz. 484 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 29. AOENA SPLENDENS Hook. & Am. Woolly-silky perennial. Root simple. Stem short, stout, covered by imbricating stipules. Leaves obovate ; leaflets 7-9, obovate, 1-2 cm. long, sessile, apically many-toothed ; hairs bronze-colored. Scape with apicu- late, interrupted spike. Fruit oblong, with many spreading, long spines (glochidia). (Chili) ; N. Patagon., by the Upper Limay, "apparently brought down by streams from the Andes." (J. Ball.) S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz; Magellan; at Punta Anegada. E. Fuegia. (Dusen.) 30. A. TEHUELCHA Speg. Small, cespitose, silky. Leaves oblong, spatulate, pinnatipartite ; the parts 2-5-cleft, and subdivisions oblanceolate. Flowers dimorphous, females concealed in axils of leaves ; hermaphrodites seated on scapes. Fruit winged, with spines on margins, glochidiate on the angles, small on the faces. S. Patagon., by Rio Chico and Lago Argentino. " Bark woody, densely coated with blackish scales (remains of old leaves)." 31. A. TENERA Alboff. Low, corticated, with clear, green leaves. Rhizome long, rough, branching, stoloniferous. Leaves radical, long-petioled, narrow-oblong. Leaflets 9-13, ovate-orbicular, membranous, pectinate-emarginate. Scape with small, globose head (7-5 mm. diam.) Calyx glandular. Spines 5. • Fuegia. 32. A. TRIFIDA Ruiz. & Pav. Silky-villous. Caudex woody ; stem erect, i meter high. Leaves mostly crowded at base. Leaflets about 6 pairs, oblong-ovate, 4-8 mm. long, pinnatifid into 3 or more segments. Flowers greenish, in a cylin- drical spike, some remote. Calyx-lobes exceeding the tube. Anthers dark-purple. Fruit 3-4-angled, angles armed with 2-4 stout spines, and smaller spines between. (Calif, to Chili) ; by Hatcher on pampas near Coy Inlet, S. Patagon. Torrey & Gray referred the Californian plant to A. pinnatiflda; but see Botany of Calif., by Brewer & Watson, i, p. 186. MACLOSKIE : LEGUMINOS/E. 485 33. ACCNA VENULOSA Griseb. ( = A. lavigata Ait. ?) Branches ascending, leafy below, rather glabrous, i-headed. Leaflets 4^6 pairs, cuneate or subrotundate, obovate, pinnatifid-crenate upwards, coriaceous, veiny. Calyx glabrous, its segments and the bracts hairy. Stamens 2, short, anthers round. Stigma short, dilated, fimbriate. Spines 4, spreading, twice as long as the calyx. Magellan. "I cannot find any difference between A. latvigata Ait. and A. vemdosa. In both the spines are alike elongated, and the divisions of the calyx are ciliate." (A. Franchet.) ii. PRUNUS Linn, (including Cerasus}. Plum, Cherry. Trees or shrubs, mostly with edible drupes, and simple, serrate, petio- late leaves, which are conduplicate or convolute in the bud. Stipules small, fugacious. Flowers perigynous, carpel usually i. Seed i, sus- pended. Species 90, natives of N. Temp. Amer. and Asia; now cultivated in all temperate regions. i. P. CAPRONIANA (DC. sub Cerasus}. A small tree, with spreading branches, flowers subcoetaneous with the leaves. Calyx broad-campanulate ; the peduncle thickish, not long. Fruit globose-depressed ; the suture scarcely depressed. Epicarp not adhering to the mesocarp, which is mostly acid, and styptic. P. CAPRONIANA GRIOTTA. Prints globose-depressed, black-purplish, the flesh red. N. Patagon., along Rio Negro (introduced). 2. P. CERASUS L. Cherry. Tree, with nearly sessile umbels, the calyx-tube turbinate, the segments crenate-serrate, obtuse. Leaves not drooping, oblong-obovate to ovate- lanceolate. (Cultivated in temperate climates) ; Patagon., (escaped). Family 52. LEGUMINOS^:. Pea Family. Plants of various habits, with usually alternate, stipulate, mostly com- pound leaves; irregular (papilionaceous) or regular, inferior or sub- 486 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. perigynous, flowers, with the odd sepal anterior; and monocarpellary ovary, becoming a legume. Endosperm usually none ; cotyledons large, fleshy. Species exceeding 7,000, many cosmopolitan. Some species are characteristic of particular regions ; especially of Australia, which 'is head- quarters of the family. The following subfamilies are sometimes regarded as distinct families. I. MIMOSE/E : p. 488. Leaves bi-tri-pinnate or reduced to phyllodes. Flowers regular ; the calyx-lobes and petals valvate. Stamens isomerous with the perianth- divisions, or commonly numerous. II. CESALPINIE^E : p. 491. Leaves simple, or simply- or bi-pinnate. Flowers more or less irregu- lar; the posterior petal enclosed by the lateral petals. Stamens 10, or fewer, distinct or united. III. PAPILIONACE/E : p. 495. Leaves simply compound, rarely simple. Flowers papilionaceous ; the posterior petal enclosing the lateral petals. Stamens 10, mon- or diadel- phous or distinct ; rarely 9 or 5. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Flowers regular. Petals and sepals valvate. Stamens as many, or twice as many as the petals. Trees or shrubs with bipinnate leaves, sometimes reduced. (MIMOSE^:.) b. Anthers glandless. Pod flat, its valves at length separating from the persisting sutures. I. Mimosa, p. 488. bz. Anthers with a deciduous gland. Pod convex, straight or twisted. Seeds with endo- sperm. Petals united. 2. Prosopis, p. 489. AA. Flowers zygomorphic ; the petals imbricate. B. Flowers not papilionaceous ; posterior petal internal. Calyx-segments almost or quite separate. (C^SALPINE^:.) c. Leaves even-pinnate. Stamens 10 or 5. Anthers basifixed, opening terminally. 3. Cassia, p. 491. c2. Leaves bipinnate. Stamens 10, subequal. Anthers opening laterally. Ovary free. Flowers racemose or panicled. d. Calyx-lobes valvate in the bud. Pod sessile, many-seeded. Leaflets in many pairs. Unarmed trees with handsome flowers. 4. Poinciana, p. 492. d2. Calyx-lobes long and subequal, nearly valvate. Pod sessile, flat, 2-many-seeded. Low, gland-punctate herbs or undershrubs. 5. Hoffmanseggia, p. 493. E. 509 19. GLYCYRRHIZA Linn. Licorice. Herbs, with thick, sweet roots, odd-pinnate leaves, and spicate or capi- tete flowers. Standard narrow, short-clawed ; keel shorter than the wings. Stamens diadelphous, i and 9, anthers alternately large and small. Le- gume sessile, prickly or glandular, continuous between the few seeds. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 3, p. 300, E, F.) Species 15, N. Temperate; S. Amer. and Australia. G. ASTRAGALINA Gill. & Hook. Glabrous, but glandular. Root and stock creeping. Leaflets, 4-5 pairs, linear-oblong, retuse, mucronate. Spikes lax, axillary, on peduncles exceeding the leaves. Flowers blue. Legume moniliform, glabrous. (Chili, whence it descends along the river valleys); Patagonia, trom Bahia Blanca to Magellan. N. Patagon., at confluence of RR. Limay and Neuquen ; at Carmen de Patagones ; along Rio Chubut. Leaves obovate, spikes equalling the leaves. (Speg.) The root tastes as licorice. "A decoction of the resinous leaves is administered to women after child-birth." "Curuzu; Milpi." 20. PATAGONIUM Schrank (Adesmia DC.). Herbs or undershrubs, mostly unarmed, with odd- or even-pinnate, sometimes 2-3-foliolate, exstipellate leaves, and yellow, or red-striate flowers, solitary or in terminal or axillary racemes. Bracts small ; no bractlets. (Fig. 75-) Calyx-lobes subequal, or the lowest slightly longer ; standard orbiculate, keel slightly shorter. Stamens free, but the two upper filaments often broad-based, and united to the standard. Ovary sessile ; stigma small, terminal. Legume with straight upper suture, and sinuate lower. Seeds 2-several. Patagonium.—c, c, P. 0 . • o A • u- a A j flowering shoot and legume; n, P. Species 90, in S. America, chiefly Andean ; ^^ flower (After Dus6n } numerous in Patagonia though characteristic of a warm and dry climate. (As the generic name has been only recently resurrected, most of the 510 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. specific descriptions have originally appeared under Adesmia.'} Rela- tively to the fruit the genus has 3 sections, viz : 1 i ) Leiocarpum : Legumes glabrous, smooth or verrucose. (2) Dasycarpum : legumes puberous, hispid or villous, with simple hairs. (3) Ptilocarpum : legumes with villous or plumose setae. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Unarmed, herbs or shrubs. b. Flowers solitary in the axis. c. Dwarf, subcespitose, silky villous. Leaflets 5-8 pairs. Flowers large, on long ped- icels. (= villosum ?) morenonis. c2. Woody decumbent. Leaflets 3 pairs. Standard violet-lined. parvifolium. c$. Woody diffuse. Leaflets 7-5 pairs, glabrous, small, retuse. Legume tomentose. retusum. ^4. Diffuse, woolly undershrub. Leaflets 3-5 pairs. Legume 3-jointed. lanatum. c$. Prostrate, silky herb. Leaflets 5-7 pairs. Flowers large. Legumes 2-3-jointed. •villosum. c6. Appressed silky, with woody stem. Leaflets 2, sessile. lotoidcs. cj. Viscid, creeping herb. Leaflets 3 5 pairs, ciliate -toothed. Legume lo-jointed hairy. pumilum. c8. Low, snowy-silky. Leaflets 3. suffocatum. eg. Leaves and pedicels long ; leaflets 3-4 pairs. Flowers orange. Legume 4~5-jointed. leptopodum. b2. Flowers solitary, terminal. Leaves fleshy, glabrous, trifoliolate. c. Cespitose perennial, with crowded leaves. Flowers golden. Legume glabrous. salicornioides. C2. Low with woody, leafless base. Flowers orange. Legume tubercled, hairy. carnosum. £3. Flowers in axillary racemes, small. c. Leaflets 6—7 pairs, emarginate, truncate. affine. c2. Trifoliolate, smaller upwards. trifoliatiim. 64. Terminal raceme and axillary flowers. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, glandular. Legume 4-8- jointed, muricate. muricatum. bt). Flowers in axillary and terminal racemes. Leaflets 10-15 pairs and terminal cirrhus. Legume 3-jointed, hairy-glandular. boronioides. 66. Flowers in terminal racemes. c. Leaflets 3 pairs, thick. Flowers 1-6 in raceme, orange. ameghinoi. c2. Leaflets 3-5 pairs. Undershrub. d. Standard silky. Hoary. griseum. d2. Standard glabrous. White-tomentose. candidum. CT,. Leaflets 4 pairs, smooth. Flowers purple. sylvestrii. c$. Leaflets 11-13, silky, small. Legume bristly. Annual. filipes. c$. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, pubescent. MACLOSKIE : LEGUMINOS/G. 5 j j d. Legume 7 8-jointed, rough pendent. pendulum. d2. Legume 3-jointed, with feathery bristles. longifes. c6. Leaflets 13. Legume 3-4-jointed, glandular. conferlum. cj. Leaflets 7-8 pairs, obcordate, viscid-punctate. Legume 9- 13 -jointed, rttrofrachnn. but the calyx is mostly oblique, its upper teeth shorter, and the style is curved, flattened and hairy along its inner side. Species no, distributed as Vicia. MACLOSKIE I EEGUMINOS/G. 527 KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Stipules semisagittate. b. Peduncles I -flowered. Stem winged. c. Leaflets I pair, linear. Cirrhi entire, or divided. Hairy. campestris. c2. Leaflets few (2) pairs, linear-oblong. Cirrhi 3-4-cleft. Pods reticulate. Glabrous. cicera. b2. Peduncles i-3-flowered. Leaflets i pair, linear, acute. Cirrhi very short, stipules long. Stem filiform. subulatus. bi,. Peduncles 4-(2-i-) flowered. Leaflets 2-4, linear, or linear-oblong, parallel-veined. Silky. sericeus. 64. Peduncles many-flowered. Leaflets successively 1-4 pairs. Cirrhi a point below, long and divided above. macropus. £5. Leaflets 2. Flowers rather large. Silvery, becoming rufous. tomentosus. 66. Peduncles 6-1 2-flowered. Leaves I -ranked. Leaflets i pair. Cirrhi undivided. Corolla large, golden, pubescens. A2. Stipules triangular-semisagittate, long. Leaflets linear-lanceolate. Cirrhi trifid. Pedun- cle 4-8-flowered. epetiolaris. A$. Stipules lanceolate to semi-sagittate. Leaflets I pair, linear-oblong, acute. Cirrhi some- times divided. Peduncles 6-i 2-flowered. Flowers yellow. pratensis. AOf. Stipules sagittate. Leaflets I pair, ovate, acute. Cirrhi trifid. Peduncles many-flowered. nervosus. A$. Stipules semi-hastate, large. Leaflets 3-6-pairs, oblong-obovate, mucronulate. Cirrhi branched. Peduncle 6-io-flowered. Purple. maritimus. A6. Stipules ovate- sagittate, large, with large auricle. Leaflets, linear-lanceolate. Peduncles I -(2-) flowered. stipularis. A"j. Stipules ovate, apically 2-lobed. Leaflets few (to I pair), elliptic-oblong to lanceolate. Cirrhi trifid. Peduncles 3~4-flowered. magellanicus. i. LATHYRUS CAMPESTRIS Phil, Pubescent with weak, winged stem, 20-30 cm. high. Leaflets i pair, linear. Tendrils simple or divided. Stales semisagittate, longer than the petiole. Peduncles i -flowered, slightly shorter than the internodes. Calyx pubescent, its teeth lanceolate-subulate, just longer than the tube. Legume linear, pubescent. Seeds 7-9. Valdivia ; Chubut by Carren-leofu. 2. L. CICERA Linn. . Rather glabrous annual, with winged stems and linear-oblong leaflets, cirrhi 3-4-cleft. Stipules semisagittate, lanceolate, subciliate, as long as the petiole. Peduncles i -flowered ; bractlets minute. Calyx-teeth thrice as long as the tube. Pods reticulate. Seeds trigonal, subtruncate, brown, smooth. (Europe.) 528 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. LATHYRUS CICERA PATAGONICA Speg. Stems scarcely angled at base, 3-winged upwards. Stipules leaf-like, entire ; leaflets 2, linear-lanceolate, entire, pale underneath. Corolla yel- lowish and glabrous, scarcely equalling the calyx-teeth. Pod erect, gla- brous, about as long as the leaflets, 8-i2-seeded, its apex rostrate- incurved. N. Patagon., escaped. 3. L. EPETIOLARIS CloS. Perennial, smooth, blackish in drying. Stems 1-2 meters high, tetrag- onal, scarcely winged. Leaves short-petioled ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, 5-7 cm. long. Tendrils long, trifid. Stipules triangular, semisagittate, 3-4 times as long as the petiole. Inflorescence 10-15 cm. long, 4-8- flowered at its end. Calyx-teeth linear-acute, exceeding the tube, and the lowest the longest. Corolla purple-violet. Legume linear, compressed, as large as a leaflet, smooth. Seeds numerous. (Chili) ; Chubut, by Carren-leofu. " The Patagonian forms have the stipules sagittate, not semisagittate." (Speg.) 4. L. MACROPUS Gillies. Robust plant, laxly pubescent, stem angulate and striate. Lower leaves with i, the upper successively with 2-4 pairs of lanceolate leaflets, ending in a stiff point. Stipules semisagittate, linear-lanceolate, in the upper leaves shorter than the petioles. Tendrils of upper leaves long and parted. Inflorescence 3-4 times as long as the leaves. Flowers numer- ous, the rachis and calyx pubescent. Calyx-teeth acuminate, one of them subulate. Corolla large, blue (?). Legume unknown. (Chili) ; Chubut, by Carren-leofu (stipules of these sagittate, not semi- sagittate). 5. L. MAGELLANICUS Lam. Glabrous, blackish, suberect. Stipules broad-ovate-oblong, ending in 2 divaricate lobes. Cirrhi trifid. Leaflets i pair, 25-50 mm. long, elliptic- oblong or lanceolate, apiculate, 3~5-nerved. Peduncle longer than the leaf, with 3-4 flowers towards its apex. A beautiful vetch, loving the sea-coast. N. Patagon., by. Nahuel-huapi ; Magellan, N. and E. Fuegia. (Dusen.) MACLOSKIE : LEGUMINOS/E. 529 LATHYRUS MAGELLANICUS GLADIATUS (Hook.) O. Ktze. Leaflets very narrow, acuminate. Patagon. L. MAGELLANICUS GLAUCESCENS SpCg. Plant green-glaucescent, not black in drying. Leaflets often elliptical- mucronulate, nervulose. S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz, R. Gallegos. L. MAGELLANICUS OXYPHYLLUS Speg. Low, glabrous, green-glaucescent. Stipules sagittate, elongate. Leaf- lets i pair, lanceolate or longer, long-mucronate. At Killik Aike, by Barnum Brown. L. MAGELLANICUS SUBSESSILIFOLIUS O. Ktze. Petioles of all the leaves 5 mm. long. Patagon. 6. L. MARITIMUS Big. Glabrous, stout, decumbent; stems angulate. Stipules large, semi- hastate. Leaves subsessile, cirrhi branched. Leaflets 3-6 pairs, oblong- obovate, mucronulate. Pedtincles short, with 6-10 purple flowers. Le- gume linear-oblong, veiny. (Eurasia and N. Amer.); Cape Tres Montes. 7. L. NERVOSUS Lam. Glabrous. Stems subsimple, striate. Petioles very short ; cirrhi trifid ; stiptiles sagittate, nervose. Leaflets i pair, ovate-acute, veiny, exceeding the internodes. Peduncles many-flowered. Legumes linear, long, gla- brous. (Montevideo); S. Patagon., Valley of Rio Gallegos (Nordenskj.) ; var. by Rio Sta. Cruz. 8. L. PRATENSIS Linn. Weak, straggling perennial, mostly glabrous. Stems sharply angulate. Stipitles lanceolate to semisagittate, nearly as long as the leaflets. Leaf- lets i pair, linear-oblong, acute. Cirrhus simple or branched. Racemes 530 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. exceeding the leaves, with 6-12 yellow flowers. Legumes linear, gla- brous, veiny. (Eurasia and N. Amer.), S. Patagon., by Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz. (Hatcher.) 9. LATHYRUS PUBESCENS Hook. & Arn. Stem tetragonal or 2-edged, winged, slightly puberulous. Leaves i -ranked; stipules semisagittate, scarcely as long as the petiole; cirrhi long, simple. Leaflets i pair, large, narrow-lanceolate. Peduncle scarcely exceeding the internode, pubescent upwards, 6-i2-flowered. Calyx pu- bescent, teeth acute. Corolla thrice as long, golden. Young legume lin- ear, flat, tomentose. Through all Patagonia and Chonos Archipelago to Bolivia. "Alver- jilla." 10. L. SERICEUS Lam. (L. tomentosus Vog. non Lam.) Rather stout and woody, tomentose-silky. Stem 4-angled, striate. Leaves ending in a stout, simple tendril. Stipules semisagittate, equal- ling the leaflets and exceeding the petiole. Leaflets 2-4, linear or linear- oblong, paralled-veined. Peduncles mostly 4-flowered, or i-2-flowered. Legume linear, 3-5 cm. long, rather inflated. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro and northwards. 11. L. STIPULARIS Presl. Smooth, with weak, tetragonal stem. Leaflets linear-lanceolate, mucro- nate. Stipules large, ovate-sagittate, with long, descending auricles, nar- row, acute. Peduncles i-(2-)flowered, at first shorter than the stipules, at length elongating. Patagon., by Rio Chubut and Carren-leofu. L. STIPULARIS PATAGONICUS Speg. Leaflets more acute and smaller. 12. L. SUBULATUS Lam. Pilose. Stems cespitose, filiform, tetragonal. Leaves shortly petiolate, with very short tendrils. Leaflets i pair, linear, acute. Stipules semi- sagittate, linear, nearly as long as the leaflets. Peduncles i-3-flowered. MACLOSKIE: GERANIACE^. 531 Calyx-segments narrow, acute, subequal, as long as the tube. Flowers purple, not large. (Montevideo ; Argent.) ; Patagon. 13. LATHYRUS TOMENTOSUS Lam. Rufous-tomentose perennial, with tetragonal, striate stem. Leaves with petioles exceeding the 2 leaflets, and semisagittate stipules shorter. Calyx- teeth subequal, lanceolate. Legtim.es linear, silky. Styles long, contorted at base, linear-spatulate. (Argentina) ; Patagon., near Rawson (Dusen) ; in N. Patagon., near Rio Colorado. Appressed-pubescent, silvery when living ; larger plant, subscandent, with larger flowers than L. sericeus Lam. 23. RHYNCHOSIA Lour. Mostly trailing or climbing perennials, with i-3-foliolate leaves, having no stipels, and with yellow, axillary, racemed flowers. Leaflets usually resinous-dotted. Calyx 4— 5-lobed, slightly 2-lipped. Keel incurved at the apex, or falcate. Stamens diadelphous, i and 9. Legume short, 1-2- seeded. Species 100, in warm and temperate regions. R. SENNA Gill. Puberulous ; stem scarcely twining, terete. Stipules subulate, rigid. Leaflets 3, broad-ovate, mucronate, subcordate, 3-nerved, pinnately veined, the lateral ones smaller, as long as the petiole. Peduncles solitary in the axils, rarely 2, each i -flowered, exceeding the petioles. Calyx- segments subulate, as long as the petals. Legume oblong, attenuate downwards, velvety. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. A variety with broad ovate leaflets extends from Texas to the borders of Patagonia. Family 53. GERANIACE.E. Crane's-bill Family. Herbs, with alternate or opposite, usually stipulate, leaves; and axillary, hermaphrodite flowers, having hypogynous, 5-merous calyx and corolla, the petals not united. Stamens as many, or 2-3 times as many, as the 532 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. petals. Carpels usually 5, around a central axis, each i-2-seeded. Styles joined with the axis, so as to form a beak. Species 450, in temperate regions ; most in South Africa. KEY TO THE GENERA. 1. Stamens 10, sometimes 5. Styles not hairy on inside. Geranium. 2. Stamens 5. Styles bearded on the inside. Erodium. 3. Stamens 10. Style very short. Calyx involucrate. Wendtia. i. GERANIUM Linn. Crane's-bill. Leaves palmately lobed or divided. Peduncles i-2-flowered. Flowers regular. Stamens 10 (rarely 5), usually alternately unequal. Carpels 2-ovuled, becoming i -seeded in fruit. Styles naked on the inside, at length breaking away upwards from the axis and suspending the meri- carps. Species 170, in temperate regions, and on tropical mountains. Found southwards as far as the Strait of Magellan, and a few in Australia and New Zealand. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Stemless, with i -flowered scapes and reniform, 5-7-partite leaves. b. Scape short, velvety. Leaf-segments 3— 5 -cleft. acaule. &2. Scape very short ; it and the calyx silvery. sessiliflormn. A2, Stems short. Leaves 5-partite, the parts 3-cleft. Peduncle rather long, i -flowered. moorei. A$. Stems prostrate, numerous from a fusiform root. andinum. A^. Stems developed. b. Flowers geminate. c. Leaves opposite, semi-orbicular, partite. mclanopotamiaiin. C2.. Leaves rounded. d. Leaves 5-lobed, lobes 5-cleft. Villous. berterianum. d2. Leaves 5-7-partite, the parts 3-S-cleft. Petals shorter than calyx. disscctum. CT,. Leaves 7-8-lobed, repeatedly trifid. Petals exceeding the calyx, core-core. i>2. Stem-leaves rounded, 5-partite, the parts 3— 5-cleft. Petals thrice as long as the sepals. magellanicum. b$. Leaves basi-truncate, 5-lobed, the lobes 3-cleft. Petals as long as the sepals. intermedium. 64. Flowers umbellate. Leaves bipinnatifid. arenicolum. I. G. ACAULE Willd. Stemless perennial, with radical, i -flowered peduncle, much shorter than the petioles. Leaves reniform, 5-7-partite, the lobes 3— 5-cleft. MACLOSKIE I GERANIACE/E. 533 Patagon., Chubut, mountain meadows ; "a form with a finely appressed pulverulent velvet." (Speg.) 2. GERANIUM ANDINUM Ph. Root fusiform, thick, perennial, rufescent, bearing at its apex numerous prostrate stems. Patagon., Chubut, mountain meadows. 3- G. ARENICOLUM Steud. Rhizome thick, woody. Stems branching from the base, leafy. Leaves bipinnatifid, setulously pilose, segments incised, acutely serrate. Pedun- cles solitary, exceeding the leaves, flowers 4-6 in an umbel. Calyx pilose- setose. Punta Arenas. . "Seems to be an Erodium from its leaves and umbels ; possibly E. cicutarium." 4. G. BERTERIANUM Colla. Perennial, with long and fleshy napiform root and ascending or erect stems. The whole plant villous, with simple and glandular hairs. Leaves orbicular, 5-lobed, lobes cuneiform and 5-cleft ; the segments linear and subobtuse. Peduncles 2-flowered. Sepals oval, aristate, villous, and cil- iate. Petals twice as long, rose-colored, entire or slightly cut. Carpels villous. Seeds smooth. Plant 30—60 cm. high. (Chili), Patagon., by Rio Chubut, and Carren-leofu. (The Patagonian specimens have no glandular hairs.) "Are they G. submolle Steud., whose roots are not known?" (Speg.) 5. G. CORE-CORE Steud. Root subligneous. Stem branching, covered like the leaves with ap- pressed hairs. Leaves dark green, with 7-8-lobules, repeatedly trifid, obtuse and toothed occasionally, all shining or pubescent. Peduncles 2- flowered. Calyx appressed-hairy, with rather long awns. Petals slightly cut, exceeding the calyx. Carpels hairy. Seeds finely reticulate. Height 80 cm. (Chili) ; Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz, R. Chubut, and Carren-leofu. 534 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 6. GERANIUM DISSECTUM Linn. (G. patagonicum Hook, f.) Erect annual, with white spreading hairs. Leaves long-petiolate, orbicular, 5-y-partite, and the parts 3-5-cleft. Petioles and pedicels retrorsely hispid. Peduncles 2-flowered. Petals emarginate, nearly as long as the awn-bearing calyx, purple. Seeds reticulate. N. Patagon., common about Bahia Blanca, called " alfilerillo," as is Erodium. (J. Ball.) S. Patagon., by Puerto Deseado ; Magellan. (Eu- rasia ; Australia.) G. DISSECTUM PATAGONICUM Hook. Differs from the type by having a perennial root ; spreading villosity of all parts ; lobes of leaves less narrow and deep ; carpels more glabrous. S. Patagon., common everywhere ; Chubut, Tekachoique. 7. G. INTERMEDIUM Bert. Stem erect, branching, striate, subvillous. Leaves very long-petiolate, basally truncate, rather glabrous, 5-lobed, their lobes trifid, with rounded, mucronulate segments. Petals entire, equalling the short-awned, villous calyx. Carpels glabrous. (Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 8. G. MAGELLANICUM Hook. f. Stem erect (?), branching upwards, hirsute with retrorse hairs. Stem- leaves hairy, long-petiolate, orbicular, 5-partite, the parts cuneate, 3-5- cleft, the segments linear-oblong, obtuse and apiculate. Peduncles long. Flowers large, with silky, acute, awned sepals. Petals obovate-cuneate, notched, thrice as long as the sepals. Ovaries silky. Patagon., near Rawson ; W. Patagon. ; Magellan ; Fuegia, E. and W., and at Ushuaia. (Dusen.) 9. G. MELANOPOTAMICUM Speg. (Columbinum.} Perennial, subglabrous. Rhizome thick, with long, slender branches. Leaves opposite, finely and long-petiolate ; semiorbicu- lar, basitruncate, 3~5-partite ; the lateral segments bifid, the median trifid, lobes oblanceolate, deeply 3-cleft at apex, above minutely appressed, sub- puberulous, underneath glabrous, except the rough nerves. Flowers MACLOSKIE I GERANIACEvG. 535 geminate, on longish peduncles. Sepals elliptical-lanceolate, equalling the rose petals, long-awned and puberulous. Fruit smooth, pubescent. Seeds reticulate. N. Patagon., in wet, moist shrubberies along Rio Negro. Subscandent, 25-100 cm. long. 10. GERANIUM MOOREI Phil. Cespitose perennial, with a thick, woody root. Stems short, equalling the radical leaves, and like them rather glabrous. Leaves mostly 5-par- tite, the segments trifid. Peduncle i -flowered, much exceeding the leaves. Sepals lanceolate, awned, pilose, half as long as the retuse petals. Carpels hirsute. (Chili) ; S. Patagon. ; in marshy places near Rio Sta. Cruz. II. G. SESSILIFLORUM Cav. Stemless perennial, with thick descending rhizome. Leaves radical, reniform, 5~7-partite, long-petioled, the petioles 2 cm. long, retrorsely pilose. Scapes very short, i -flowered ; they and the calyx silvery. Petals obcordate, twice as long as the sepals. (Chili; Australia); S. Patagon., on Cordilleras (Hatcher, "pink"); Cabo Negro ; Magellan. By Rio Gallegos, and Rio Scheuen, and Rio Chubut. 2. ERODIUM L'Her. Stork's-bill. Flowers with the 2 upper petals slightly smaller than the other 3. Stamens 5, with 5 staminodes and 5 glands. Beak ending in the stig- mas ; the styles separating at maturity, bearded on the inside. Species 60, in temperate and warm regions. i. E. CICUTARIUM (L.) L'Her. Tufted, branched, 15-30 cm. high. Basal and lower leaves petioled, pinnate, the pinnae pinnately parted or lobed. Upper leaves similar but sessile. Peduncles exceeding the leaves, umbellately 2-i2-flowered. Flowers purplish, 8 mm. broad. Beak long ; its branches at length coil- ing together. (Common in Eurasia ; spreading over the United States to the Pacific coast , also over Argentina and other parts of S. Amer.) ; N. Patagon., S. Patagon.; 536 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS; BOTANY. (O. A. Peterson) on pampas near Coy Inlet, in fruit Nov. 23, 1896. Magellan (Dusen). Called Alnlerillo in N. Patagon. "It is considered useful for cattle in Paraguay, Patagonia, and neighboring regions, as it springs up fresh after each fall of rain. Doubtless introduced from Europe, it has spread nearly over all South America. In Peru it extends from the coast to 3,700 meters high." (J. Ball.) A. Gray remarks on the hygro- metric twisting of the "tail" of its carpels, as pushing them into the ground. Its taproot being long, strong, yet not thick, may promote its speedy reappearance on the return of rain. ERODIUM CICUTARIUM ARENICOLUM (Steud.) Speg. Root woody ; all parts spreading, white hispid. Scarcely a variety, rather a mere form. S. Patagon., common everywhere. 2. E. MALACHOIDES Willd. Stem herbaceous, branching, somewhat hairy. Leaves cordate, undi- vided or 3-lobed, obtuse, dentate. Peduncles many-flowered. Petals as long as the calyx. (Europe; Canary Is.); Patagon., near Carren-leofu. 3. WENDTIA Meyen. Calyx with an involucre ; sepals 5 ; petals 5. Stamens 10. Flowers pediceled, solitary or crowded, yellow. Carpels mostly 3. Style very short, with 3 stigmas. Capsule loculicidal, also the loculi springing upwards from the top of the axis. Leaves silky, lobed, or partite. Species 3, Andine. (Fig. of W. reynoldsii in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 4, p. 12, D, E, F.) W. TRIGYNA PCEPPIGIANA (KlotzSCFl) O. Ktze. Erect. Leaves very numerous, 5-cleft. Flowers small. N. Patagon., in rocks near Lago Nahuel-huapi. Family 54. OXALIDACE^:. Wood-sorrel Family. Mostly herbs, with acid sap and palmately 3-foliolate, or digitately, or pinnately parted leaves, having long petioles. MACLOSKIE : OXALIDACE/E. 537 Flowers perfect, regular, 5-merous ; petals mostly showy. Stamens 10-15, united at base, hypogynous. Ovary 5-lobed, with 5 styles. Seeds with fleshy endosperm. Species 270, mostly tropical. OXALIS Linn. Stamens 10. Styles distinct. Petals often slightly cohering at base. Stemless perennials, with bulbous or fleshy rhizome ; or caulescent with alternate, exstipulate leaves and axillary peduncles. Species 250, cosmopolitan, having many in South Africa, Brazil, Chili and Mexico ; i in Norfolk I., but none reported from Australia, Tasmania, or New Zealand. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Leaflets 3. b. Glabrous. c. Rootstock thick, scaly. Leaves radical, petioles 12 mm. Leaflets round-cordate, 6 mm., fleshy. Flowers white. magellanica. C2. Tubers. Leaflets obcordate, dotted black ; 6-12 small, red, umbellate flowers. rubra. b2. Pubescent. c. Bulbous root ; stem short, scaly. Leaflets obcordate. Flowers 2-3, pink. gayi. c2. Stem low, leafy. Leaflets broad, obcordate, very hairy underneath. Peduncle with 2 leaves and lax panicle. laxa. ^•3. Leaves rosulate : leaflets obcordate, basi-cuneate. Peduncles many-flowered. valdiviensis. ^3. Villose or tomentose-woolly. c. Root not tuberous. d. Leaflets obcordate. Flowers large, yellow, 1-2 on long peduncle. ainara. d2. Leaflets cordate, 2-lobed. Many 2-flowered peduncles. Creeping, with leafy branches. nalutcl-huapiensis. C2. Root tuberous. d. Branching stems, rosulate-leafy. Leaflets cuneate-bifid, with linear segments. Umbel of lilac flowers. stenophylla. d2. Leaves radical ; leaflets round-ovate, emarginate. Scapes with many blue flowers. floribunda. 2. Flowers larger and leaves narrower. tehuclchum. At>. Leaves elliptical, obtuse, thickish, small. Flowers few, subspicate, terminal on the branchlets. moyanoi. A6. Leaves oblong-linear, crowded. Capsule slightly 2-horned. thesioides. A-j. Leaves small and acutish on lax branches, or larger and spatulate on spiny branches. Villous plants. spinescens. A8. Leaves cuneate-attenuate, fleshy. Plants prostrate, glabrous. salasiana. Ag. Leaves broadly obovate or obtriangular. Racemes few-flowered. Capsule narrowly winged. oreophila, I. POLYGALA DARWINIANA Benn. Stem woody below, much branching, 5-15 cm. high. Leaves narrow- elliptical-obovate, margin slightly glandular. Racemes terminal, few- flowered. Pedicels glabrous, bracts ovate, i mm. long. Flowers as large as the leaves. Outer sepals small, upper one larger. Wings obovate- cuneate, large. Near to P. tehuelchum (Speg.), but with broader leaves, and much smaller flowers, which are scarcely 5 mm. long. Keel with a beautiful fimbriate crest. Style short, stigma crested like a duck's bill. S. Patagon., Puerto Deseado. (C. Darwin.) 2. P. DESIDERATA SpCg. (Ortkopofygala, pferocarpa, aspalatoidea.} Perennial, crisp-pubescent; root vertical, stout, cespitose-branching at top. Branchlets fastigiate, crowded, hoary upwards. Leaves thickish, crowded, spreading, broad- linear, doubly attenuate, acute, marginally revolute, tomentose in youth. Racemes acrogenous, sessile, ovate, many-flowered, with small, white, cadu- 548 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY. cous bracts. Flowers mediocre, outer sepals whitish, wings rhomboid-ellip- tical, 5-nerved, thrice as long as the upper sepal. Superior petals, linear, adnate to the staminal tube, with a multifid, cuneate crest. Anthers pedi- celed. Ovary bilocular, glabrous, style twice as long, z-form ; stigma cochleate, crestless. Capsule broad-elliptical, with persistent wings, 2- seeded. Seeds black, glabrous, except on the ventral suture, with no caruncle, but a ring-like umbonule. Patagon., in rocky plain between San Julian and Rio Deseado. 3. POLYGALA GNIDIOIDES Willd. " Quelen-quclen." Root thick, tortuose. Stems woody at base, erect, branching, subvillous upwards. Leaves numerous, sessile, linear, subobtuse, crispy. Racemes terminal, many-flowered, showy. The 3 smaller sepals lanceolate, the 2 larger obovate, obtuse, y-nerved. Capsule apical ly attenuate, basally rounded. Height 10-20 cm. (Chili) ; Chubut, at Teka-choique, and Bolson. Allied to P. moyanoi, but more leafy, flowers brighter and larger. • 4. P. MOYANOI Speg. (Acanthocladus moyanoi Speg., Poly gala mayausi Speg.) Fruticose, unarmed, intricately- and long-branched, puberulent in youth, at length glabrate. Leaves elliptical, obtuse, thickish, sessile or subsessile, small. Flowers few, subspicate on the ends of the branchlets. Upper Petals free, scarcely subadnate at the base, with fimbriate carina. Capsule small, orbicular, glabrous, not or scarcely emarginate. Patagon., in dry meadows by Rio Chubut ; near Cabo Raso. 5. P. CEDIPUS Speg. (Orthopolygala, pterocarpa, aspalatoidea.} Perennial, with vertical straight root, and vermicular-flexuose apex, subterraneously branching with dense fascicles ; the branches terete, the underground part with white, spongiose cortex, and leafless ; the exposed part densely leafy, glabrescent to subpuberulous. Leaves alternate, oblanceolate or obovate, anteriorly round-cuneate to acute, posteriorly long-attenuate, hoary, with straight hairs on the upper surface, glabrous below. Flowers few, subcapitulate on ends of the branches, short-pediceled, mediocre. External sepals about MACLOSKIE I POLYGALACE/E. 549 equal, white, green-carinate, the superior slightly larger, with 3-nerved wings thrice as long. Superior petals linear, subsigmoid, obtuse, basally adnate to the staminal tube ; crest of the carina multifid anteriorly, entire posteriorly. Anthers pediceled. Ovary bilocular, glabrous ; style twice as long, sigmoid ; stigma cochleate, crestless. Capsule seedless. Patagon., among basalt cliffs between San Julian and Rio Deseado. 6. POLYGALA OREOPHILA Speg. (Orthopolygala, pterocarpa, aspalatoidea.} Glabrous perennial, with a deep woody rhizome, sending down many filiform, naked, subterranean branches ; and others upward, resulately leafy. Leaves alternate, some- what fleshy, broad-obovate or obtriangular, upwards obtusely rounded or truncate-sinuate, downwards long-cuneate. Racemes acrogenous, or pleurogenous, sessile, shorter than the leaves, few-flowered. Bracteoles small, subpersistent, white. Flowers mediocre. Outer sepals nearly equilong, the upper suborbicular, thrice shorter than the elliptic, 5-nerved, obtuse wings ; superior petals cultriform at their base, slightly adhering to the staminal tube. Crest subtriangular, few-cleft ; anthers pedicellate ; ovary bilocular produced to a style longer than the glabrous crestless stigma. Capsule subelliptical, inequilateral ; its margin narrowly winged, shorter than the persisting wings. Seeds ovate-subcylindraceous, blade, puberulous, not caruncled, the membranes of the strophiole being obtuse and half their length. Patagon., in mountains by Rio Alumine, Neuquen. 7. P. PATAGONICA Phil. Branches virgate, simple, or only an apical branch. Leaves remote, erect, linear-filiform. Racemes spike-like. The lower /£/«/ keeled. Ovary oblong, not emarginate, nor ciliate, plant 16 cm. high. S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz ; Golfo de San Jorge. 8. P. SALASIANA Gay. Glabrous. Stems very prostrate. Leaves obtusely cuneate, basally attenuate, fleshy. Branches few-flowered. Keel of corolla crested. Cap- sule elliptical, scarcely emarginate at top. (Chili, Andes) ; S. Patagon., Rio Chico; Valley of the Rio Gallegos, on dry rocky places. (Nordenskj. ; near Lago Lacar.) 550 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. 9. POLYGALA SPINESCENS Hook. Villous. Stem 10-60 cm. high. Branches relaxed with small acutish leaves ; or rigid, spinescent, cespitose, with larger, spatulate, obtuse leaves. Capsule often abortively i -celled and arcuate-falcate. N. Patagon. 10. P. STENOPHYLLA A. Gray. Glabrous, rush-like, 30-60 cm. high, with paniculate, filiform branches. Leaves alternate, filiform, the cauline deciduous. Raceme terminal ; its bracts ovate-scarious. Wings ovate-acute, white, as long as the bluish petals. Seeds oblong villous. N. Patagon., by Bahia Blanca by Rio Chubut ii. P. TEHUELCHUM (Speg. sub Acanthocladus]. Small, branching, woody perennial, glabrous, rigid, but n,ot spinose. Leaves alternate, elliptic-obovate. Flowers few, small, terminal. Keel densely crested-laciniate. Capside glabrous, not emarginate. S. Patagon., by Rio Chico ; at Rio Coy, by Hatcher. A specimen in the Gray Herbarium is from the Galapagos Islands, and has a note in Gray's handwriting " sed foliis latioribus " ; which note would also apply to the Hatcher specimens. " Differs from P. Darwiniana by having broader leaves and much smaller flowers, scarcely 5 mm. long." (Speg.) By Rio Deseado. 12. P. THESIOIDES Willd. Undershrub. Stems numerous, erect. Leaves crowded, oblong-linear, Racemes 8— 12-flowered. Capsule slightly 2-horned at the summit. (Chilian Andes) ; Patagon. (?). 13. P. VARIABILIS H. B. & K. Stem ascending, subfastigiately branching upwards. Leaves sparse, remote, narrowly linear, glabrous, with pellucid dots. Spikes lax. Flowers crested. Seeds conical, retrorsely pilose. (By Rio Orinoco) ; Patagon. 2. BREDEMEYERA Willd. (including Hualania Phil., and Come- sperma Labill.) Perennial herbs, or undershrubs, sometimes climbing, with alternate, exstipulate leaves, and flowers in simple or branching racemes. The 2 MACLOSKIE I EUPHORBIACE/E. 551 inner sepals large, wing-like ; the lateral petals wanting or scalelike; the 2 upper petals and the lowest one partly united to the staminal tube. Capsule long-cuneate. Seeds hairy. Species 50; section Eubredemeyera (15 sp.) and Hualania (4) in S. Amer. The others (Comespermd] in Australia. BREDEMEYERA MICROPHYLLA Hier. (Only the fruit.) Capstile obovate-oblong ; slightly emarginate, crowned by the persistent style, attenuate at the base ; laterally compressed, 2- celled ; the cells i -seeded. Seeds 11 mm. long, suspended, appressed silky ; with endosperm. Embryo thick, fleshy, green. N. Patagon., by Rio Colorado & Rio Negro. 3. MONNINA Ruiz. & Pav. Annuals or perennials, with spike-like racemes. Sepals free, or the anterior pair partly united ; the wings small. Anterior petal sessile, free from the staminal tube ; lateral petals short, adnate to the tube. Carpels 2, one of them mostly rudimentary. Fruit a key or a drupe. Seeds smooth. Species 60, in Mexico and along the Andes. Branches and I. M. ANGUSTIFOLIA DC. Woody perennial. Lowest leaves soon vanishing, branchlets pubescent. Patagon. 2. M. DICTYOCARPA Griseb. Undershrub branching at base ; 30 cm. high ; the branches leafless above, ending in a short-flowered raceme. Leaves shortly lance-linear, mucronulate. Wings rounded. Keel 3-lobed. Stamens 8. Fruit i- celled, glabrous, orbicular, winged, reticulate, the veins prominent towards the margin and forked. (Chilian Andes ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon. Family 58. EUPHORBIACE^E. Spurge Family. Monoecious or dioecious plants with acrid, often milky, sap, and of varying habit. Flowers apetalous or petaliferous, sometimes much re- 552 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. duced, and often subtended by an involucre which resembles a calyx. Ovary usually 3-celled, with 1-2 pendulous ovules in each cell. Styles 3-cleft. Fruit tricoccous, the parts often breaking away elastically from the axis. Endosperm oily or fleshy ; and cotyledons broad. Species 400, abounding most in warm climates. KEY TO THE GENERA. 1. Flowers distinct. Stamens 2-3, on short filaments. Styles 3, united at base. Cotyledons broader than the radicle. Calyx small, opening before anthesis ; or none. i. Colliguaya, p. 552. 2. Flowers grouped, one central female and several i-staminate males, enclosed in a calyciform involucre, the whole resembling a hermaphrodite flower. The tricoccus fruit protruding, and glands alternating with the lobes of the involucre. 2. Euphorbia, p. 553. 3. Flowers solitary in the axils, or terminal and crowded. Stamens 6. Embryo linear, the coty- ledons scarcely as wide as the radicle. Styles distinct. Heath-like. 3. Dysopsis, p. 554. 4. Axillary spikes, apically male, of 5-merous flowers. Ovary tridymous ; styles bifid. 4. Aonikena, p. 555- i. COLLIGUAYA Molin. Shrubs, with terminal spikes of monoecious (or dioecious) flowers, the partial inflorescence being glomerulate or rarely lax, and without calycoid involucre. Petals none. Male flowers with no calyx or rudimentary calyx, and 2—3 stamens. Female flowers with 2-3 sepals. Fruit having 2-3 bivalved cocci, or a 3-winged carpophore. Species 6, in extratrop. S. Amer. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 5, p. 100, C-F.) I. C. INTEGERRIMA Gill & Hook. Leaves coriaceous, entire. Male bracts broad, ovate, horizontal, con- taining 9-14 stamens. Female bracts ovate-lanceolate, enclosing the ses- sile, oblong-ovate, acuminate sepals. Ovary 2-celled ; capsiile didymous, compressed. (Chilian Andes) ; Patagon., Chubut, Rio Sta. Cruz, Golfo de San Jorge. 2. C. PATAGONICA Speg. Fruticose, glabrous, branches nearly leafless, flexuose and subcircinate at top. The few leaves caducous, linear, entire, obtuse, cuneate ; others at the base with a large, tooth-like gland. Spikes axillary, short, bracts coarsely 2-glandular. ' Capsitle didymous, 2-celled, mediocre. Seeds sub- globose, fusco-maculate, with small, white caruncle. — Dioecious (Speg.) MACLOSKIE : EUPHORBIACE/E. 553 Patagon., Chubut, by Lago Musters; by Rio Sta. Cruz and Rio Chico. 2. EUPHORBIA Linn. Herbs or shrubs, with acrid, milky juice, and monoecious, pedicled Hoivers, in sets of several males and a single, exserted female, enclosed together in a calyciform involucre. Perianth none, or 3 rudiments on the female flower; stamens each on a jointed filament-pedicel, and each repre- senting a flower. Ovary sessile on top of its pedicel, 3-celled, the cells i -seeded ; becoming a tricoccous/>7«/. Species 600, chiefly subtropical, and often xerophil. Some are found in Lapland and Iceland ; whence they extend to S. Amer., Australia, and the Fijis, and New Zealand. i. E. PATAGONICA Hieron. Glabrous, glaucous, having many stems from a short root. Leaves fleshy, subentire ; the lower cauline sparse, sessile, semiamplexicaul, oblong, entire, 25 mm. by 7-8 mm. Upper floral leaves ovate, basi-cor- date. Inflorescence frequently dichotomous from 3 approximate radii. Involucre long-peduncled (8-10 mm. long) dentate, subtruncate, with 4-5 glands. Capsule deeply 3-sulcate, scarcely calyculate. Styles briefly united at their base, thick and 2-lobed above. N. Patagon.; common in dunes near Carmen de -Patagones. 2. E. PORTULACOIDES (Linn.) Spreng. Glabrous (or minutely velvety), with many stems from a long root, rays of the umbel 3, often long and leafy, and repeatedly dichotomous ; the leaves glaucous, fleshy, sessile from an attenuate base, obovate, obsoletely crenulate, the floral leaves similar. Inflorescences in the dichotomies ; involucral lobes long with purple glands. Seeds ovate, subtetragonal, smooth. (Chili); Patagon., at Coy Inlet, by Hatcher, Nov. 5, 1896; "in bunches on the pampas." Chubut ; in dry, sandy places. Allied to E. ipecacuanha L. E. PORTULACOIDES CHILENSIS Gay. Stems often erect. 9 Leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute. (Chilian Andes ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 554 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. EUPHORBIA PORTULACOIDES GLABRA Phil. " In terris magellanicis." Spegazzini gives 3 forms : (a) obtusifolia, glabrous ; leaves obtuse. (6) acutifolia, glabrous ; leaves acute, (c] bridgesi, hispidulose ; leaves obtuse. 3. E. PSEUDOPEPLUS Speg. ( Titkymalus, galarrhcza, leiocarpa, subleiosperma.} Annual, the stem at the very base having 2 opposite, equi-long branches, above this densely and alternately branching ; the branches and branch- lets subappressed ; cauline leaves alternate, spatulate, subpetiolate, small, caducous ; floral leaves larger, opposite, suborbicular, sessile. Umbels 2-5-rayed ; the rays 2-3-dichotomous. Flowers small, nearly sessile ; lobes of the turbinate, membranaceous involucre minute, entire ; glands ochroleucous, entire ; cocci of the capsule dorsally rounded ; seed ellipti- cal, rugose-reticulate. Caruncle peltate, not depressed. In higher places along the Rio Negro, and Golfo de San Jorge. 4. E. SERPENS Kth. Glabrous annual. Stems filiform, prostrate, branching. Leaves short- petioled, from an unequally cordate base, ovate-orbiculate, entire, often retuse. Stipules broad-triangular, toothed at apex» Involucres solitary in the upper axils, but approximate, as the internodes are short, 2-3-lobed, with transverse oblong glands. Styles shortly bifid. Cocci keeled. (N. Amer., by Mexico to S. Am.) ; N. Patagon. It seems identical with the Oriental E. serpens indica Engelm. (DC. Prodr., xv, 2, p. 30). (Fig. in Brit. & Br, ii, p. 372.) 3. DYSOPSIS Baill. Small, prostrate herb, with alternate, petiolate leaves, and small, axillary, monoecious flowers (or terminally crowded). Calyx 3-cleft. Petals none. Stamens 6, epicalycine, exsert, with versatile anthers. Ovary 3-celled ; styles distinct, lanceolate, laciniate. Capsule tridymous, having small seeds with narrow cotyledons. Only species : D. GLECHOMOIDES (Rich.) Mull. (D. gay ana Baill.) MACLOSKIE : EUPHORBIACE/E. 555 Leaves broad-ovate to orbicular, basi-truncate to cordate, crenate, or lobed. Flowers subsessile or long pediceled. (Andes, Fernandez); Magellan, by mountains and woods; Fuegia. DVSOPSIS GLECHOMOIDES HIRSUTA. In Fernandez, and at Punta Arenas. 4. AONIKENA Speg. (Nova Addenda ad Fl. Patagon., p. 162, 1902.) Rupkorbiacea, crotonea, chrozophorea, eleiitheropetala. Male flowers: calyx in the bud ovoid, acute, closed, in anthesis valvately 5-partite ; petals 5, shorter than the calyx, denticulate ; disc inconspicuous ; stamens 5, filaments united at base into a column, alternating with the petals ; anthers ovate, always erect, dorsifixed, the locules parallel, laterally dehiscing ; no rudiment of an ovary. Female flowers : calyx as in males, the sepals scarcely larger ; petals and disc-glands none ; ovary 3-locillar ; styles spreading, free from the base, slightly bifid below the middle ; the branches slender apically, obtuse, entire ; omtle in the locules solitary. Capsule when dry tridymous, separating into 2-valved cocci. Seeds non-carunculate, testa subpapillose-porous ; endosperm fleshy, greenish ; embryo straight ; radicle cylindrical ; cotyledons plane, very short, and very broad. Tender, glabrous annual ; leaves alternate, plane, entire, petiolate ; spikes axillary, slender, floriferous above the middle, the flowers somewhat remote, sessile, the lower female, the upper male. Caps^lles glabrous, smooth. Named from Aoniken, the savages of southern Patagonia, also called the Tehuelches. A. PATAGONICA Speg. Small, effuse, stems green or purple, obsoletely and obtusely sub- angulate, rather fleshy. Leaves orbicular to ovate, long-petiolate. Spikes twice as long as the subtending leaf, 5-y-flowered. Flowers small, the lower 3-4 female. Sepals acute, reflexed after dehiscence of the capsules, adorned with the columella persisting in the center. Seeds cinereous, subglobose. S. Patagon., in sandy elevated places by Rio Chico, near Chonkenk- aike. 556 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. Family 59. CALLITRICHACE^:. Water-starwort Family. Aquatic herbs, rarely terrestrial, with opposite, exstipulate, entire leaves, and minute, perfect or monoecious, axillary flowers. Perianth none. Bracts 2-none. Stamen \. Ovary 4-celled, with 2 styles. Seed \ in each cell, anatropus, with endosperm. Frtiit 2— 4-coccous. Only i genus, 20 species, widely distributed (except in S. Africa). CALLITRICHE Linn. Characters of the Family. i. C. DEFLEXA A. Br. ( C. pedimcttlata A. Gray.) Small annual, forming tufts on moist soil, without stellate scales. Leaves uniform, minute, obovate or obovate-lanceolate, crowded. Bracts none. Pollen subglobose, minute. Fruit minute, broader than long, dicoccous; mericarps subsinuate, convex dorsally, keels acute. Stigmas patent, persisting, and often reflexed. Pedicels long or short, reflexed, or spreading. Amen, in warm and temperate parts. Swamps in Staaten I., and in Basket I. 2. C. OBTUSANGULA LeGall. Upper leaves obovate, often rosulate, many-nerved ; lower remoter and narrower. Pollen subglobose. Fnrit handsome, rounded at the angles, sulci evanescent. Stigmas persistent, erect or spreading. (Eur.); Staaten I. (var. antarctica Engelm.). 3. C. PALUSTRIS Linn. (C. verna L.) Submerged leaves linear, the others obovate. Fruit sessile, oval, 2- bracted, flat on the face, longer than the styles. (Eurasia and N. Amer., also in Kerguelen I.); Falklands; Fuegia. 4. C. VERNA Linn. (? being sterile here). Varies much in foliage; upper and floating leaves usually oval and pediceled, 2-ribbed ; lower leaves linear, i -ribbed; rarely all linear. Fruit- ing pedicels short, with 2 falcate bracts at base ; fruit tetragonal, lobes dorsally keeled or winged. (Eur. and N. Amer.) ; Chubut, in swamps and pools near Lago Fontana. MACLOSKIE I CORIARIACEyE. 557 Family 60. EMPETRACE^E. Crowberry Family. Low, evergreen, heath-like shrubs, with small, narrow, subsessile, crowded, shining, imbricated leaves, revolute at the margins ; and flowers small, dioecious or polygamous, axillary or terminal. Sepals 3. Petals 2-3, or none. Male flowers with 2-4, usually 3, stamens. Ovary sessile,2-sev- eral-celled, style cleft similarly. Drupe berry-like. Seeds with endosperm. Species 5, in temperate and cold regions, and on mountains. (Corema is confined to S. United States.) EMPETRUM Linn. Flowers in the upper axils. Petals 3, purplish. Drupe black or red, with 6-9 nutlets. Species 2, E. nigrmn L. in Eurasia and N. Amer., with black, rarely white fruit, and the following : E. RUBRUM Vahl. (E. nigrum L. var. rubrum DC.) Drupe red. Piibescence on young leaves stronger than in E. nigrum. (Tristan d'Acunha; Mts. of Chili) ; Falklands ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher in the Cordilleras, in fruit Feb. 16, "quail and partridge feed on its ber- ries." W. Patagon.; Magellan, Fuegia to Cape Horn. "Over the whole steppe region, and often in the rainy forest region and on the mountains." (Dusen.) Family 6 1 . CORIARIACE.E. Smooth shrubs, with angular branches, opposite or 3-whorled, exstipit- late leaves, and small, 5-merous, hypogynousy&w^s, having distinct, small and fleshy petals. Stamens 10 ; ovary 5-lobed (sometimes lo-lobed), be- coming indehiscent, cocci separated by the persisting calyx-leaves. Styles 5. Cocci i -seeded, with very scanty endosperm. Species about 8, scattered from the Mediterranean through Nepal, China to Japan ; and New Zealand and neighboring islands ; also in S. Amer. from Mexico to Patagonia. CORIARIA L. Only genus, fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 5, p. 128. Also fossil species. C. thymifolia Humb. in New Zealand. Kermadec and Peru to Mexico ; other allied forms in Peru and New Zealand, in alpine regions. 55^ PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. CORIARIA RUSCIFOLIA Feuill. Sarmentose shrub, with flexible, pendent branches. Leaves sessile or nearly so, ovate-lanceolate, punctate-acute, 5-7 cm. long, opposite, sometimes in whorls of 3-4. Flowers racemed. Fleshy petals about the fruit are azure. Height 1-3 meters; a poisonous plant. (New Zealand, Kermadec, and Chatham I.; Chili) ; Chubut, rare in shrub- beries near Carren-leofu and Bolson. The fleshy petals yield a wine to the natives of New Zealand ; whilst the fruit is poisonous. Family 62. ANACARDIACE^E. Sumach Family. Trees or shrubs, with acrid sap, and mostly alternate, exstipulate, simple or compound leaves, without pellucid dots, the petioles often winged ; and regular, sometimes diclinous flowers. Calyx 3-7-cleft. Petals 3-7, hy- pogynous, or none. Stamens as many as the petals, or differing, inserted on a hypogynous disk. Ovary in staminate flowers i-celled; in the pis- tillate flowers 4-5-celled, Styles 1-3. Ovtt/es i in each cell. Fruit a small drupe. Rndosperm scanty or none. Species 400, most in warm regions. SCHINUS Linn. Leaves simple or odd-pinnate. Flowers small, white, dioecious, in pan- icles. Stamens 10. Female flower with fine staminodes, i-celled; style 3-branched or i ; ovule pendulous. Drupe globular, chartaceous. Species 12, in warm parts of S. Amer. i. S. CRENATUS (Phil.) Engl. Branches short, cinereous. Leaves elliptic, varying, mostly acute both ways, crenate upwards, with prominent midrib and immersed lateral nerves. Racemes shorter than the leaves ; bracteoles semiovate, margi- nally ciliate ; pedicels slender. Calyx-lobes ovate ; petals thrice as long, oblong. Ovary subglobose ; styles distinct, with 3-lobed capitate stigma. (Chilian Cordilleras); Patagon., Chubut, in mountain woods. 2. S. DEPENDENS Orteg. (Duvatta prcecox Gris.) Incense-bush. Leaves simple. Flowers 4~5-merous ; styles united. Stamens unequal. Many varieties with the leaves differing, from broad to narrow, or reduced to the sagittate petiole. (Fig. 104 in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 5, p. 163.) MACLOSKIE: CELASTRACE/E. 559 (Chili, S. Brazil; Argent.); N. Patagon. A low bush with crooked branches and thorns ; a purgative resin got from its trunk is used medici- nally. Incense-bush, "Mata de Incienso." S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz, with thick, entire leaves. 3- SCHINUS LATIFOLIUS Engl. Leaves subcoriaceous or membranous, oval to oval-oblong, 3-7 cm. long by 15-30 mm. broad, obtuse or acute, serrate-dentate ; petioles terete, slightly sulcate above, 5-9 mm. long. Inflorescences 1-2, axillary or sometimes extra-axillary. Calyx 4-5 mm. long. Fruit violet. 4. S. MONTANUS (Pb.) Engl. Pubescent, with thick, subscariose leaves, the upper petioles very thick ; blades truncately oval, obtuse, or apiculate, entire or wavy-margined, about 4 cm. long. Inflorescence shorter than the leaves. S. Patagon., in shrubberies near Lago Argentine. S. MONTANUS PATAGONICUS Phil. Shrub 2 m. high. Leaves petiolate, with their margins obscurely cre- nate towards the apex. (Cordilleras of Valdivia); N. Patagon.; by Lago Lajara. (S. molle, found farther north, is the chief Incense-busk, and has a su- gary edible drupe. Fragments of its leaf move by jerks when floating on water, being impelled by the exit of the volatile oil.) Family 63. CELASTRACE^:. Staff-tree Family. Trees or shrubs, with simple leaves, exstipiilate or having small, caducous stipules. Flowers small, perfect, 4-5-merous, with a disk supporting the stamens which are isomerous and alternate with the petals. Ovary su- perior or joined to the disk, 3~5-celled ; cells i-2-ovulate. Style short, thick. Fntit a capsule. Seeds enclosed in a showy arillus and with a large embryo in the axis of endosperm. Species 350, in warm and temperate climates. KEY TO THE GENERA. I. Fruit dehiscing, 2- (rarely 3-) celled. Flowers 5-merous. Disk fleshy, convex, stamens in- serted beneath it. Seeds arilled. Leaves alternate, evergreen. I. Maytenus. 560 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 2. Fruit indehiscent, 3-4, rarely 2-celled. Flowers 4-5-merous. Disk flat, lobed, stamens in- serted between the lobes. Seeds arilled or not. Leaves opposite or alternate or whorled. ^ 2. Rhacoma. ( " Distinguished from Maytenus by its capsules remaining closed, whilst those of Maytenus burst open." ) 1. MAYTENUS Feuill. ex Juss. Gen. Unarmed, evergreen shrubs, with alternate, petiolate, coriaceous, serrate leaves, and axillary, polygamous, 5-merous flowers, solitary or fascicled, or cymose. Ovary immersed in the orbicular disk ; its cells i- (rarely 2-) ovuled. Seeds with crustaceous testa. Species 70, S. Amer., with 3 sp. in Mex., i in Galapagos, and i in St. Vincent I. i. M. BO ARIA Molina. (M. chilensis DC.) Leaves elliptical-oblong, attenuate at base, apically acuminate, serrate. (Chili) ; N. Patagon.; valleys of Upper Limay and Chubut. "A small tree, rather variable in habit." (J. Ball.) Fuegia, at Lapataia, on the Beagle Channel. M. BOARIA LATIFOLIA ReisS. (Chili ; Argentina) ; Patagonia. 2. M. MAGELLANICA (Lam.) Hook. f. (Celastrus magellanicus DC.) Branches terete, pubescent. Leaves glabrous, elliptic-ovate, attenuate both ways, finely serrate. Pedimcles short, i -flowered ; bracteoles fimbri- ate. Calyx-segments rounded. Petals ovate-oblong, obtuse. Anthers ovate-cordate. Capsule compressed, orbicular-obcordate, 2-celled, 2- valved, 2-seeded. Arilhts white. W. Patagon.; E. and W. Magellan. Dawson I.; Fuegia, Ushuaia, by Hatcher. Wood hard, used by the natives for arrows; called " lena- dura " and aiaen. 2. RHACOMA Linn. (Myginda L.) Shrubs varying as to leaves, etc. Flowers few, minute, usually 4- (or 5-) merous. Calyx-tube urceolate, its lobes rounded. Petals reflexed. Stamens inserted between the lobes of the disk ; anthers globose. Ovary fused with the disk, 3-4-celled; cells i-ovuled. Styles very short, lobed. Fruit small, dry, or drupaceous with pyrenes. Seeds arillate or not. MACLOSKIE: RHAMNACE/E. 561 Species 14, in trop. Amer.; Central Amer.; Florida; West Indies; Chili (not Brazil). RHACOMA (MYGINDA) DISTICHA Hook. f. Branches distichous, divaricate. Leaves small (15 mm. long), very numerous, evergreen, glabrous, alternate, distichous, short-petioled, linear- oblong, entire, subacute, margin finely recurved, apiculate. Flowers axil- lary, solitary, short-peduncled. Fruit coriaceous, abortively i -celled, i- seeded, usually with an aril. (Chili) ; Magellan ; S. Fuegia, by Hatcher. It forms dense woods about Ushuaia. W. Patagon., forming undergrowth of woods of Notho- fagus betuloides at 500 meters elevation (Dusen) ; Chubut, mountain shrubberies near Carren-leofu. Family 64. RHAMNACE^S. Buckthorn Family. Erect or climbing shrubs or trees, often thorny, with simple, stipulate leaves; and small, perfect, 4-5 merous flowers, usually in cymes or paniculate ; the petals inserted on the calyx, or none, and the stamens as many as, and opposite to, the petals or their place. Anthers short ; disk fleshy; ovary sessile, i-5-celled; cells i-ovuled. Fruit a drupe, or cap- sule. Endosperm fleshy, rarely none. Species nearly 600, in temperate and warm climates. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Drupe i-, rarely 2-celled. Leaves alternate, pinnately nerved. Flowers axillary, small, petals none. Leafy branches partly ending in spines. i. Condalia. A2. Drupe with several pyrenes. Thorny shrubs with opposite, decussating branches, leaves small or none. Calyx -tube produced above the disk. b. Pyrenes indehiscent. Leaves 3-nerved, without transverse ridges. Flowers on short peduncles, below the axillary spines. 2. Trevoa. b2. Drupes 3-coccous, cocci dehiscing elastically. Flowers on nodding pedicels, mostly axillary. c. Leaves mostly persisting, rarely none ; transverse, stipular ridges. 3. Discaria. c2. Leaves mostly deciduous, very small or none, without transverse, stipular ridges. 4. Colletia. i. CONDALIA Cav. Glabrous shrubs, with spinescent branches, and alternate, subsessile, pin- nately veined, entire, coriaceous leaves; and axillary, solitary or fascicu- 562 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. late flowers. Petals mostly wanting. Ovary immersed in the disk, free, 2- 1 -celled. Fruit a drupe, surrounded by the receptacular-cup, and partly adherent to it. Seed compressed, or globose, not furrowed. Species 10, in warm parts of Amer. CONDALIA MICROPHYLLA Cav. (C. Hneata A. Gray.) Branches and branchlets light gray. Leaves very small, on short spurs, spatulate to oblong, 4-10 mm. long, mucronate or cuspidate, marked by 3-4 nerves on each side underneath. Flowers shortly pediceled. Calyx whitish, 5-lobed. Petals none. Drupe oblong. (Argentina, " piquillin.") N. Patagon., in high places by Rio Negro (Wilkes Exp.). Three kinds of this according to the color of the drupes, melano-, erythro-, xanthocarpa. (Pkylica Linn, not found in America, is often heath-like with entire revolute, tomentose leaves and superior flowers, having 3-celled ovary and tricoccous fruit. It has many species in S. Africa, Madagascar, Bourbon, etc. One, P. arborea Thou., is found in Amsterdam I., the only tree of that island, forming its woods ; also in Tristan, 5,000 miles distant, and nowhere else. Neighboring islands of these are all treeless.) 2. TREVOA Miers. Leafy, branching, spinescent shrubs, with opposite branches and 3-nerved leaves, and small, deciduous stipules. Flowers fascicled on i -flowered pedicels, below the axillary spines, 4-5-merous. Calyx long-produced above the inconspicuous disk, hairy inside, and its tube persisting under the ovoid, 2-3-celled drupe. Petals and stamens inserted in the mouth of the calyx. Species 3, Bolivia and Chili. T. PATAGONICA Speg. Nearly leafless, densely spreading, with spinose branches, 1-3 meters high. Leaves early deciduous, elliptical, entire, obtuse upward, briefly cuneate below with a short petiole. Flowers racemed, white, minutely appressed- pubescent, with a large, bilocular, globose drupe. MACLOSKIE : RHAMNACEyE. 563 Patagon., in valleys by Golfo de San Jorge ; in dry valleys along Rio Chubut. " Sometimes nearly leafless or with small, coriaceous leaves ; sometimes with large, membranaceous leaves." (Speg.) • 3. DISCARIA Hook. Branching, mostly glabrous shrubs, rarely leafless, the branches decus- sating, often spinescent, transversely furrowed at the nodes. Leaves opposite, minute, coriaceous, mostly persisting. Stipules small, joined by lines. Flowers on axillary, nodding pedicels. Calyx-ttibe continued above the disk, bearing the 4-5 petals (or petals none), and the stamens. Ovary 3-celled, immersed in the disk. Dntpe dry, 3-coccous, cocci at length dehiscing, imbedded in the base of the calyx. Species 12, chiefly in extratropical and Andine S. Amer. ; also I each in the Galapagos, Australia and N. Zealand ; some cultivated. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Leafless. Branches jointed, ending in a spine. articulata. A2. Nearly leafless. Branches virgate, spinose. longispina. AT,. Leaves serrate, sparse. b. Flowers 4-merous. Leaves 1 2 mm. long ; spiny branches as of Ulex. discolor. b2. Flowers 5-merous. Leaves 20 mm. Spines coarse. serratifolium. A^. Leaves entire. b. Spinose. Leaves lance-linear to oblong, caducous. febrifuga. b2. Unarmed. Leaves subovate. c. Calyx 5-cleft. Low, procumbent. andina. c2. Flowers 4-merous. magellanica. b$. Leaves subspatulate. Flowers 4-merous. intcgrifolia. A$. Leaves crenulate-toothed, elliptic-oblong. b. Branches virgate, with long spines. cognata. b2. Branches erect, some spinescent. foliosa. i. D. ANDINA (Miers) Speg. (Notophcena a. ofMiers.) • Low, procumbent, unarmed. Branchlets tortuose, nodose, very leafy. Leaves opposite, from long, scaly, axillary buds, ovate, obtuse at both ends, or basi-acute ; entire, thick, sparsely pilose all over, pinnately nerved; the petiole short, channeled, puberous. Stipules broad, bifid, ciliate, partly connate. Flowers few, aggregate. Peduncle exceeding the petiole, i -flowered, 'erect, pilose. Calyx 5-cleft, its lobes half as long as the stamens. Ovary glabrous. (Chilian Andes) ; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi. 564 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 2. DISCARIA ARTICULATA (Phil, sub Colletia} Miers. Leafless, glabrous; branchlets strict, having 3 internodes, articulated, ending in a spine. Flowers crowded, with 4 stamens. Pedicels as long as the white, glabrous calyx ; calyx-teeth erect, broadly triangular. Petals lanceolate, equalling the calyx-teeth. Genitalia included. "The lines joining the stipules prove it to be Discaria, not Colletia" (O. Ktze.) (Chili) ; Patagon. in shrubberies near Carren-leofu. 3. D. COGNATA (Miers sub Notophcena]. Branches long, virgate, angled-striate, glabrous, with long, pungent spines, floriferous at their middle. Young branches floriferous, arising below and exceeding the spines. Leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, cre- nate-serrate, narrowing upwards ; green above, pale underneath. Stip- ules and transverse sheath manifest. Flowers 2—4, fasciculate on long peduncles, 2-4 times exceeding the petiole and calyx. Calyx 4-cleft, glabrous. Stamens 4, shorter. Ovary pilose, style long. Chiloe I.; Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi and Lago Argentino. "Scarcely receding from the type. Leaves more numerous and deficient in spinescent branches." 4. D. DISCOLOR (Hook. f. sub Colletia] B. & H. A small, spiny, glabrescent shrub, with bright, green bark, of habit of European Ulex. Branches rigid, terete, sparsely leafy, with jointed spines. Leaves evergreen, elliptic-oblong or obovate, obtuse, obscurely serrate, attenuate to a short petiole, paler underneath, 12 mm. long. Peduncles axillary. Calyx 4-cleft. Cocci pilose, i -seeded. Testa crus- taceous, shining. (Chili) ; Patagon., Magellan, Fuegia, Ushuaia, Navarino I. By Rio Aysen in W. Patagon. (Dusen.) 5. D. FEBRIFUGA Mart. Leafy, becoming leafless ; branches slender, green when young, often finely white punctate. Spines terete, subulate, 2-leaved. Leaves peti- oled, lance-linear to oblong, i -nerved. Stipules acute, sheathing, the branch ciliolate when young. Calyx as long as the pedicel ; capsule longer (6-8 mm.) shining, reticulate. MACLOSKIE I RHAMNACE/G. 565 (Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. Fig. G-J in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 5, p. 422. The bitter cortex of its root is used as a febrifuge, "Brazilian china." 6. DISCARIA FOLIOSA (Miers sub Notophana] Speg. Leafy shrub or small tree, the branches not spreading, some of them spinescent, the spines erect, striate, pale to fuscous-red. Young branches unarmed, erect, bearing leaves and flowers. Stipules opposite, reddish, broad-trigonal, concave or 2-toothed, united around the stem. Leaves opposite, elliptical to oblong, obtuse or mucronulate, crenulate-toothed, green above, glaucous beneath, pinnately nerved. Flowers 3-fascicled from each axil. Peduncle erect, at length curved. Ovary pilose. Style glabrous, long. The spines are jointed in the middle, and there florife- rous. In the young branches the stiptiles form in each axil a hollow cup with 2 lobes. (Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 7- D. INTEGRIFOLIA Speg. Leaves entire, subspatulate, emarginate, shortly cuneate-petiolate, gla- brous. Flowers axillary, ternate ; peduncles twice as long as the petioles. Calyx 4-partite, subglobose, rose-purplish. S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine. 8. D. LONGISPINA (Hook.) Miers. Glabrous shrubs, nearly leafless, with virgate-spinose branches ; spines opposite, remote, very long, often arcuate, mostly naked, callous-pungent. Young branches from beneath the spines ; with leaves and flowers in the axils. Leaves opposite, small, long-elliptica1, acute, entire, rarely with toothed apex ; shining green, fleshy. Stipules red, ovate, 2-toothed, ciliate, united, minute. Flowers often crowded in the axils. Calyx as long as peduncle, urceolate, with 4 erect segments. Petals 4, acute both ways. Stamens subequal to petals. Ovary glabrous, globose. Style short. Fruit with 3 cocci, separating. Argentina to N. Patagon. "The thick roots serve as fuel; and the flowers are sold in Buenos Aires." (J. Ball.) 566 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. 9. DISCARIA MAGELLANICA (Miers sub Notoph2. Reniform-cordate, white-stellate. Flowers yellow to coppery. obliqua. 1. SlDA AMEGHINOI Speg. Perennial ; stellate-hoary ; creeping or erect. Leaves remote, broad- ovate to cordate, 3-partite ; their segments pinnatifid, obtuse. Petiole as long as the blade in upper leaves ; twice as long in lower. Stipules tri- angular to ovate. Flowers subsolitary in the upper axils. Peduncles jointed above the middle ; not bracted. Calyx 5-cleft half-way ; its lobes subacute. Corolla slighty longer, glabrous, blue. Fruit conoid-hemi- spherical, glabrous, 12-carpeled. " Pretty. Near Cristaria, but with wingless carpels." S. Patagon., dry rocky places near Chonkenk-aike, on Rio Chico ; at Golfo de San Jorge. 2. S. CHUBUTENSIS Speg. Arcuate-erect, pale green, perennial ; all the hairs minute-stellate. Leaves remote, lax-hairy both sides ; limb broad-ovate-cordate, or sub- orbicular, 3-5-partite, the segments oblanceolate, pinnatifid or trifid, lower petioles twice as long as the limb ; uppermost very short. Stipules lanceolate. Flowers erect, becoming cernuous, solitary in the upper axils. Peduncle jointed upwards, bractless, much shorter than its subtending leaf. Calyx hispid, 5-cleft, ebracteolate ; lobes ovate, acute. Corolla glabrous, large, rose-lilac. Fruits hemispherical-conoid, glabrous, i6-carpellate. Patagon., by Rio Chubut, and Golfo de San Jorge. 15-50 cm. high. 3. S. HASTATA S. Hil. Prostrate, branching perennial ; stems flattish upwards. Stellate and lax hairs intermingled. Leaves petiolate, oblong to broad-elliptical, or 574 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. suborbicular, base broadly cuneate, 5-nerved, serrate. Flowers solitary in the axils, long-pediceled. Calyx large, plicate-pentagonal, cleft half- way. Petals slightly longer, obovate ; glabrous. Carpels 10-13, apex elongating, at length dehiscing. (Argentina) ; in meadows near Bahia de San Bias. 4. SIDA LEPROSA (Ort.) Schum. Perennial, with woody base ; many-stemmed, branching below, with scaly indumentum. Leaves petiolate, the lower suborbicular, basi-cor- date or truncate, serrate upwards, pedately 5-nerved. Stipules narrow. Flowers solitary in the axils, pediceled, sometimes with an accessory branchlet. Calyx large-campanulate ; lepidote to stellately tomentose, divided half-way into acute, triangular lobes ; with 3 shorter bracteoles. Petals twice as long as calyx, obovate, ciliolate-margined half-way, pilose beneath. Ovary depressed, 6-7-lobed. Styles long, connate half-way. Carpels rostrate, scarcely dehiscing. (Cuba, Argentina, a var. in N. Amer.) ; N. Patagon., at Carmen de Patagones. 5. S. MACRODON DC. Hirsute. Leaves subrotund-cordate, coarsely crenate. Peduncles soli- tary, i -flowered, exceeding the petioles. Carpels 10, not beaked. (Brazil); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 6. S. OBLIQUA Nutt. (S. sitlfurea A. Gray.) White-stellate. Stems prostrate. Leaves reniform, cordate, short- petioled, lobed, crenate-dentate, silvery above. Peduncles solitary, axil- lary, shorter than the leaves. Involucre of 3 narrow bracteoles. Petals yellow, turning coppery. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 7- S. TEHUELCHES Speg. Perennial, green to silvery, all the hairs minutely stellate. Stems sev- eral from the root-crown, subsimple, fistulose, subrigid. Leaves remote, silvery green, broad ovate-subcordate or suborbicular, 3—5 parted ; seg- ments from the middle, ovate or lanceolate, pinnatipartite. Petioles of lower leaves puberulous, often one third longer ; the uppermost short or MACLOSKIE : MALVACEAE. 575 none. Stipules linear. Flowers laxly racemose, often ternate on the end of the peduncle, pedicels short. Calyx green-silvery, 5-cleft, lobes ovate, obtusish, tribracteolate. Corolla twice as long, cyaneous, glabrous. Ovary i2-i4-carpeled, rough. Fruit orbicular, laxly hairy. Patagon., in meadows between San Julian and Rio Deseado and near Golfo de San Jorge. 15-25 cm. tall. 7. CRISTARIA Cav. Upright or decumbent, mostly hairy herbs, with angular-lobed or par- tite leaves, and axillary, solitary or racemed flowers. No involucel. Stigmas terminal. Mericarps with 2 superior wings which at length cause them to spring open. Species 25, Chili and Peru. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Leaves trisected ; the segments cut. Flowers panicled, purplish. A2. Lower leaves rounded, entire or 3-parted. Flowers racemed, blue. A$. Leaves rounded ; lower 5-, upper 3-parted, and further cut. A^. Leaves runcinate. Flowers solitary, violaceous. A$. Leaves palmatisect ; the lobes 3 -cleft. Umbels. A6. Leaves pinnatisect. b. Glabrous. Plant decumbent. Flowers large. &2. Sparsely hairy. Erect annual. Flowers violet. ecristata. heterophylla. patagonica. hastata. kuntzii. intermedia, linoides. i. C. ECRISTATA A. Gray. Erect, branched. Cauline leaves trisected, the lobes 2-parted and further cut. Pubescence stellate. Upper leaves bract-like. Flowers loosely racemose-panicled, pale purple. Carpels 12-16. Capsule conical. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 2. C. HASTATA Phil. Subglabrous, green to glaucescent. Stipules ovate, glabrous or ciliate. Petioles thick, glabrous, half as long as the limb. Leaves subruncinate- dentate, stellately hairy underneath, glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy above. Peduncles glabrous, articulate above the middle, ebracteolate, i -flowered. Calyx 5-cleft, stellate-pilose on the margin and 3 nerves, green ; lobes triangular, acute. Corolla large, glabrous, violaceous. N. Patagon, Neuquen, at Confluencia, and at Lago Nahuel-huapi. PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS ! BOTANY. 3. CRISTARIA HETEROPHYLLA (Cav.) Hook. & Arn. Rough annual, covered by stellate hairs. Stems various, not much branched. Lower leaves orbicular-oval, entire or 3-lobed. Median leaves tripartite, with divergent and sinuose segments ; stellate beneath and on margins ; lamina 4 cm. long, petiole as long. Stipules short, triangular. Racemes long, the lowest flowers axillary. Peduncles exceeding the calyx. Sepals hirsute, pungent, 15 mm. long. Petals twice as long, blue. Fruit unknown. N. Patagon., at confluence of RR. Limay and Neuquen. 4. C. INTERMEDIA Gay. Rather glabrous. Stem terete, decumbent. Leaves glabrous, rarely ciliate, pinnatipartite, the lobes obtuse, incised or coarsely toothed. Petioles striate. Flowers large ; calyx very hirsute. (Chili) ; Patagon., Chubut by Teka-choique. 5. C. (?) KUNTZEI (O. Ktze.) Speg. (C. patagonica O. Ktze. non Phil.) Nearly stemless perennial herb, 5 cm. high, white-tomentose, except the violet petals. Leaves long-petioled, palmatisect, 15 cm. long and broad, with trifid lobes, having ovate lobules. Flowers about 5, subumbellately crowded, with leafy bracts. Calyx-segments acuminate, 6 cm. long, shorter than the petals, tomentose. Fruit (?). Patagon. (M. & T.). It has no bracteoles, and may belong to Sida; to be called Sida patagonica (O. Ktze.) Speg. 6. C. LINOIDES (Hieron. sub Malvastrum). Annual herb, with terete stem, simple, erect, subglabrous, or with few stellate hairs.. Lower leaves sparsely hairy, 3 cm. long ; petiole 3 cm. ; blade pinnatisect, the segments 3-4 pairs, linear, obtuse, subdentate. Upper leaves with fewer segments, glabrous ; uppermost like linear bracts. Stipules subulate, small. Flowers in upper axils, pedunculate, solitary. Calyx 5-cleft, the segments obtuse. Petals ovate, violet. Carpels 10-12, i -seeded. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. MACLOSKIE I EUCRYPHIACE/E. 577 7. CRISTARIA PATAGONICA Phil. Erect to 10 cm. high. Densely stellate-pubescent. Lower leaves 5-, upper 3-partite, orbicular in outline. Lobes 3~5-partite ; their partitions trifid, ovate-acute. Lower peduncles paired, equalling the petioles; upper crowded, exceeding the petioles. Calyx hirsute; half as long as the petals. Upper leaves are less divided, with linear-oblong segments. N. Patagon., to foot of the Valdivian Andes. 8. PAVONIA Linn. Herbs or shrubs, with stellate tomentum, or stiff bristles, or smooth. Leaves often angular or lobed. Flowers solitary or cymose in the axils. Bracteoles 5-many, separate or united. Staminal tube truncate or 5- toothed. Carpels 10; but either the anti-sepalous or the antipetalous may be suppressed ; when ripe falling away, indehiscent or partly dehis- cing ; with 1-3 dorsal spines. Species 70, chiefly American. P. HASTATA Cav. Leaves lanceolate, hastate, dentate. Pedicels i -flowered. Bracteoles 5. Carpels unarmed. Flowers red, very venous. (Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. Family 67. EUCRYPHIACE.E. Flowers heterochlamydeous, choripetalous, hermaphrodite, 4-merous, with numerous stamens on a hypogynous disk, and 5-18 carpels, connate except the styles, and separating at maturity from the axis on which they hang suspended until dehiscing. Sepals 4, united at top, and coming away like a cap. Petals 4, convolute in the bud, white. Seeds several, 2-ranked in the carpels, pendent ; winged ; with endosperm. Evergreen trees, with opposite, entire or toothed or pinnate leaves, and connate stipules. Species 5 in S. temperate regions, Chili, New South Wales, Tasmania. EUCRYPHIA Cav. The only genus. (E. cordifolia Cav., a Chilian species, fig. 68, in Eng. and Prantl, iii, 6, p. 130.) 578 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. EUERYPHIA PATAGONICA Speg. A tree, 10 m. high, with fastigiate branches, and densely hispid-villous branchlets. Leaves simple, decussate, short-petiolate, long-lanceolate, basally rounded, scarcely cordate, attenuate upwards, acute, irregularly serrate, the teeth acute-cuspidate-mucronate ; subcoriaceous, glabrous on the upper surface, cinerascent on the lower, with villous nerves. Flowers solitary, long-peduncled ; sepals pubescent, stamens numerous, glabrous. N. Patagon., in woods near Lago Nahuel-huapi. Family 68. HYPERICACE^E. St. John's-wort Family. Herbs or shrubs, with opposite or rarely whorled, simple, exstipulate leaves, pellucid-punctate or black-dotted. Flowers regular, perfect, 5-4- merous, hypogynous, with many stamens, often in sets of 3 or 5 ; and with 1-7-, mostly 3-celled ovary, with as many styles, and numerous seeds, without endosperm. Species 280, chiefly in warm and temperate climates. (In Eng. and Prantl, iii, 6, p. 205, they are made a subfamily of Guttiferae.) HYPERICUM Linn. Flowers chiefly cymose, yellow, 5-merous. Ovary i -celled, with 3-5 parietal placentas. Species 210, widely distributed. H. CONNATUM Lam. Stems suffruticose, terete. Leaves deltoid, perfoliate, obtuse, punctate underneath, venous-reticulated, inflated at the margin. Sepals lanceolate, acute. Stigmas capitate. (Argentina ; Montevideo) ; N. Patagon. Family 69. FRANKENIACE^E. Herbs or undershrubs, with stems jointed at the nodes, and decussate leaves, often involute and heath-like. Flowers in terminal or axial leafy dichotomies, pinkish ; regular, hypogynous, heterochlamydeous. Calyx- leaves united, 4~7-lobed. Petals 4-7, not united, often having a lamellar MACLOSKIE I FRANKENIACE/E. 579 appendage to the claws. Stamens mostly in 2 series of 3 each ; anthers versatile. Ovary i -celled ; 2-4 parietal or basal placenta:. Style branched. Seeds numerous, with endosperm. Species 34, on dry or saline wastes of warm climates. KEY TO THE GENERA. 1. Hermaphrodite. Anthers versatile extrorse, didymous. Petals broad with a ligular appen- dage inside. Placentae all ovuliferous. Leaves fleshy. i. Frankenia. 2. Polygamo-moncecious. Anthers introrse. Petals spatulate, with no ligula. Placenta: 3, only i ovuliferous. Leaves ericoid. 2. Niederleinia. 1. FRANKENIA Linn. Flowers hermaphrodite and 5-merous. Petals with an extra tongue- formed lamina. Stamens usually in two series of 3, the outer smaller; anthers versatile-extrorse. Fruit trigonal, ovate-pyramidal, long, all its 3 placenta; with seeds. Subgenus Afra is in Africa, Spain and Canaries ; subgenus Oceania in Australasia and S. W. America, and northward to California. I. F. CHUBUTENSIS Speg. Glabrous perennial, prostrate, from a woody caudex. Old branches naked, thickish, subtetragonal, decussately nodulose. Innovations sub- herbaceous, tetragonal ochraceous-green ; internodes long, branching dichotomously or unilaterally. Branchlets densely leafy ; leaves decus- sate, connately sheathing, small, elliptic-ovate, obtusish, rather fleshy, punc- tate, revolute. Flowers at the forks or bases of branches, sessile and solitary. Calyx pentagonal-subtubular, 5-toothed ; petals white, spatulate, twice as long. Stamens 6, exsert. Style long, trifid. Stigmas clavulate. Capsule ovate, 3-valved, about 9-seeded. S. Patagon., at Kuan-aike near Rio Chico. 2. F. PATAGONICA Speg. A prostrate shrub, with nude, ascending branches, and decussate, dis- tant branchlets. Leaves on the branchlets quadrifariously irpbricate, very minute, fleshy, obovate, glabrous. Flowers subspicate-capitulate, rather large. Petals white, long-exsert. Patagon., rare near the sea in gravel by Golfo de San Jorge. (Genus Frankenia is chiefly Australian ; but it is represented in all the Conti- 580 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. nents. F. cymbifolia Hook., a Patagonian plant, is a misnomer. Its proper name is IVilsonia humilis R. Br., of the Convolvulacece. Index Kewensis, ii, 88 1. Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, 15.) 2. NIEDERLEINIA Hier. Undershrub, with thick-skinned, ericoid leaves, and polygamo-monoe- cious flowers. Petals spatulate-cuneate, without an appendage, shorter than the calyx-lobes. Stamens in 2 series of 3, or staminodes, anthers introrse. Rudimentary ovary in the barren flowers. Only I seed-bearing placenta. Only species. « N. MICROPHYLLA Cav. (N. juniperoides Hier.) Low, branching shrub, the branches ascending, and with small, decus- sate, subprismatic, exstipulate, connate, dorsally channeled leaves. Flowers solitary, sessile in the dichotomies. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, hypogynous, lutescent. Stamens 6, hypogynous, i -celled or barren. Ovary free, i -celled, placenta parietal. Style filiform, 3-cleft. Seeds 4-6, ascending. Fig. of fruit and seed in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 6, p. 287, M, N. Over all Patagon., by salt lakes north of Rio Colorado; and N. and E. Fuegia (Dusen). Making large clumps by R. de Sta. Cruz. Family 70. VIOLACE^:. Violet Family. Usually herbs, with alternate or basal, stipulate, simple leaves, and zygomorphous, 5-merous flowers. The lowest petal mostly spurred. Stamens 5, hypogynous, with adnate, introrse anthers, conniving over the ovary ; the 2 anterior anthers with appendages. Ovary i -celled, with 3 parietal placenta. Style simple, club-shaped. Seeds many, with large endosperm. Species 300, widely distributed. VIOLA Linn. Sepals subequal, produced somewhat posteriorly. Anterior petal with a long spur, for receiving the appendages of the 2 anterior anthers. Cap- sule elastically dehiscing into 3 valves. MACLOSKIE: VIOLACE^. 581 Many species have also cleistogamic flowers, on runners, without petals. Species 150, widespread; though common in New Zealand they are rare in Australia. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Having stems. b. Flowers yellow. c. Leaves oblong-obtuse. Stipules incised. Spur short. fimbriata. c2. Leaves ovate, attenuate-petiolate. Stipules ovate, fimbriate, subacute. Spur short. maculata. c^. Leaves round-spatulate, entire, glabrous. Stem woody, attenuate-petiolate. Flowers minute. sempervivum. 62. Flowers blue. Plants prostrate, branching, glabrous. Leaves cuneate-obovate, triden- tate, toothed. No spur. tridentata. £3. Petals variously colored in the flower. Stipules large, pinnatifid. . tricolor. A2. Stemless. b. Leaves glabrous. c. Leaves small, oval, acute. Scape long ; flowers yellow. microphylla. C2. Leaves cordate-rounded, subacute. Stipules large. Flowers blue, with long spur. huidobrii. l>2. Leaves slightly hairy. c. Leaves reniform-rotundate. Stipules lanceolate, subentire. Scape long, I -flowered. Spur short. magellanica. C2. Leaves ovate-rotundate. Stipules entire. Scape long, with long, narrow, auricled bracts near the flower. commersonii. b$. Leaves woolly-margined, ovate- spatulate. Scape short. vulcanica. I. VlOLA COMMERSONII DC. Low. Leaves radical, petiolate, ovate-rotundate, obtuse, crenate, sparsely ciliate above, generally reticulated underneath. Stipules broad- ovate, membranaceous, concave, entire. Scape twice as long as the leaves, arcuate upwards ; bracts near the flowers, rather large, erect, lance- olate, acute, auricled on both sides at the base. Flower pendulous ; pet- als obovate-spatulate, glabrous. Magellan, S. Fuegia to Cape Horn ; by Orange Bay on the tops of the mountains ; Cordilleras of S. Patagon. (by J. B. Hatcher, February 25, 1897). 2. V. FIMBRIATA Steud. Root fibrous. Stem slender, fruticulose. Leaves petiolate, oblong, ob- tuse, hispidulous above, with fimbriate margin, crenate, the fimbriae at length vanishing; petioles equalling the laminae. Stipules sheathing, 582 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. shortly incised. Flowers axillary, croceous. Spur very short, obtuse. Capstile ovate, glabrous, generally punctate. Seeds white. Patagon. ; Magellan, at Punta Arenas by Hatcher ; N. and E. Fuegia, in sandy places, Dusen. Killik-aike (B. Brown). 3. VIOLA HUIDOBRII Gay. Stemless, 8-10 cm. high, glabrous. Leaves cordate-rounded, more or less acute, crenate. Stipules large, linear-lanceolate, acute, ciliate-lacerate. Peduncles longer than the leaves. Flowers blue, spur rather long. Stigma apically thick, with very short rostrum. (Near V. maculata). (Chili) ; Patagon. (" Leaves long-petioled " Reiche.) 4. V. MACULATA Cav. ( V. pyrol&folia Poir) . Stem herbaceous. Leaves ovate, subacute, abruptly attenuate to a petiole, sparingly spotted below. Stipules ovate, apically fimbriate. Peduncle pubescent. Sepals lanceolate-acuminate ; petals yellow ; spur short, obtuse. Lateral petals glandular-bearded ; the upper one generally glabrous. Stamens apically emarginate. Margin of anthers ciliate. Stigma apically plane, its rostrum very short. Capsule oblong, trigonal. Distinguished from V. commersonii chiefly by the long, acute, dentate stipules. . (Speg.) Magellan, S. Patagon. (Hatcher) ; Churucca in Desolation I., N. and E. Fuegia (Dusen) ; Ushuaia ; Falklands ; Navarino I. V. MACULATA MEGAPHYLLA. Leaves elliptical or subrotund-ovate. Root long terete. V. MACULATA PUBESCENS Reich. S. and W. Patagon. (by Dusen). 5- V. MAGELLANICA Forst. Leaves radical, long-petiolate, reniform-rotundate, crenate, subpilose above. Stipules lanceolate, entire or apically lacerose. Scape glabrous, solitary, i -flowered, twice as long as the leaves. Bracts lanceolate. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. Petals obovate ; the lateral ones bearded ; the inferior produced into a short, blunt sac. Style arcuate. Stigma naked. MACLOSKIE : VIOLACE^. 583 Staaten I.; Falklands; S. Fuegia; S. Patagon.; Punta Arenas; Cabo Negro, and Rio Coy (Hatcher). 6. VIOLA MICROPHYLLA Poir. (non Hook. f.). Stemless. Leaves small, oval, acute, glabrous, save marginal cilia. Scape filiform, exceeding the leaves. Peduncle glabrous. Flowers yellow. " This is a good species ; all glabrous, save some cilia on the leaf- margins ; its peduncles free from the rough hairs found in V. maculata. The V. microphylla of Hook. f. is a quite different plant." Everywhere in Patagon.; Boucault Bay in Magellan Strait; Fuegia, San Sebastian. 7. V. SEMPERVIVUM Gay. Stem woody, thickish, ascending. Leaves round-spatulate, entire, mucronate, smooth on both surfaces, margin cartilaginous-white or yel- low; base attenuate-petiolate ; densely cespitose on apex of branches. Flowers minute, yellow ; peduncles shorter than the leaves. Stigmas 2- lobulate. (Chili, to 3,000 m. altitude) ; Patagon., on rocks around Lago Nahuel- huapi. 8. V. TRICOLOR Linn. Pansy. Annual, with stout, angled and branched stem ; and crenate-dentate leaves, having large, lyrate-pinnatifid stipules. Flowers 16-25 mm- broad, the petals variously colored. (Eur., cultivated and naturalized in N. Amer.) ; S. Patagon., on an island in Rio de Sta. Cruz (doubtless introduced). 9. V. TRIDENTATA MenZ. Glabrous ; small, prostrate, branching. Leaves crowded at ends of the branches, coriaceous, cuneate-obovate, tridentate or trifid above, and i- toothed on each side at base. Petiole short, dilating into sheathing stipules. Scape solitary, short, stout, with oblong, obtuse bracts. Flowers nodding. Petals blue, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, with no spur. Capsule globose. Falklands; Staaten I.; Fuegia; W. Magellan at Puerto Angusto (Dusen) ; Orange Bay, near Cape Horn. 10. V. VULCANICA Gill. & Hook. Nearly stemless. Leaves nearly cespitose, ovate-spatulate, woolly mar- gined, serrate, attenuate to a plane petiole, smooth above, reticulately 584 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. rugose underneath, or with linear yellow-glandular capsules underneath. Peduncles shorter than the leaf. Stigma oblique, rostriform, membrana- ceous behind. (Chili) ; N. Patagon., rocky hills about Lago Nahuel-huapi. Family 7 1 . FLACOURTIACE^E. Evergreen trees or shrubs, with leaves mostly 2-ranked, alternate, pin- nately veined, coriaceous. Stipules few, deciduous. Regular, perfect or unisexual flowers, 4-5 merous, with petals distinct or absent. Stamens numerous on a disk ; anthers often appendaged opening by lateral slits. Ovary mostly free, i -celled with 3-5 parietal placenta, and many seeds. Styles or style-lobes as many as the placentae. Fruit a berry, or capsule, or a drupe. Seeds with endosperm. Species 500, tropical. AZARA Ruiz. & Pav. Leaves entire or dentate, bitter. Flowers in fascicles or corymbs, regular ; sepals 4 (5-6) ; petals none. Style 3~4-lobed. Berry subglobose. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 6a, p. 40, B, C, D.) Species 22, chiefly Andine ; i in Fernandez and i in Mexico. A. LANCEOLATA Hook. f. Stem and branches slender, brown-hairy. Leaves small, lanceolate, some ovate, remotely serrate, short-petioled. Sepals ovate, reflexed. W. Patagon., Valdivia; Cape Tres Montes. Family 72. PASSIFLORACE.E. Passion-flower Family. Woody tendril-climbers or erect herbs, with petioled, often palmately lobed leaves, and regular, perfect, 4-5-merous flowers. Throat of the calyx-tube bearing the petals, stamens, and double or triple fringe-like crown. Ovary free, i -celled, with 3-5 parietal placentce. Styles 1-5. Fruit a capsule or berry, usually many-seeded. Species 325, in warm climates, most in S. Amer. MACLOSKIE : LOASACE/E. 585 PASSIFLORA Linn. Flowers large, on jointed peduncles. Ovary stalked, the filaments united around it, separate above ; anthers versatile. Fruit a berry. Species 250, chiefly in S. Amer., some in Asia and Austral., i in Madagascar. P. CCERULEA Linn. Leaves glabrous, 5-partite, their lobes oblong, entire. Petioles 4- glandular at the apex. Stipules falcate. Bracts ovate, entire. Crown shorter than the calyx. (Brazil; Peru); N. Patagon., near Carmen de Patagones (escaped?). Family 73. LOASACE.E. Erect or climbing herbs or shrubs, often having stinging hairs, with exstipulate leaves, and perfect, regular, 4-$-merous flowers, having calyx- tube adnate to the ovary. Petals separate (sometimes 10), inserted on the calyx-throat. Stamens mostly numerous, inserted with the petals, often in clusters. Ovary i (2-3)-celled, with 2-3 parietal placenta. Capsule crowned by the persisting calyx-limb. Seeds mostly numerous; with scanty endosperm. Species 200, American, with a solitary exception. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Staminodes none, or the outer stamens as filaments or petaloid. Petals mostly flat. Seeds i-2-seriate on the 3, rarely 5, parietal placentae. Leaves -usually alternate. i. Mentzelia, p. 586. A2. Fertile and sterile stamens intermingled, the fertile antipetalous, the barren as nectary-scales, antisepalous. Petals cucullate. b. Capsule opening apically, 3(-5)-lobed, mostly clavate or obconic, rarely twisted. Leaves opposite and alternate. 2. Loasa, p. 586. b2. Capsule opening apically by 3-lobes, cylindrical. Leaves 2-3-pinnatisect. Flowers sessile. (Grammatocarpus.) 3- Scyphantlms, p. 589. £3. Capsule opening below, not apically, turbinate, often spirally twisted. Leaves opposite, decussate, with stinging hairs. c. Stem terete. Flowers usually cymose. Placenta; broad or 3-parted. Capsule thin- walled. 4- Cajoplwra, p. 589. c2. Stem quadrangular. Flowers solitary on axillary peduncles. Placentae first fleshy, afterwards dry and enlarged for disseminating the seed. 5. Blumenbachia, p. 590. 586 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. i. MENTZELIA Linn. Petals 5, plane, with no intermediate scales. Stamens 10-200. Ovary i -celled, style filiform, mostly 4-cleft, its lobes twisted. Leaves alternate, with hooked, but not stinging hairs. Species 46, chiefly in warm parts of S. Amer.; i in Florida. M. ALBESCENS Gris. (Gill. & Arn. sub Bartonia.} Flowers large, showy, in a leafy panicle. Staminodes 5, petaloid, the outer filaments becoming gradually broader, and the outermost sterile. Stem with a white, shining epidermis. Leaves sinuately toothed. Cap- sule naked, 3-valved. Seeds broadly margined. (S. United States ; Mexico ; Andes and through temp. S. Amer.) ; N. Patagon. 2. LOASA Juss. Petals 5 (or 6-7), cucullate or cymbiform, mostly spreading, with as many alternating scales, which bear 2-3 dorsal setae and are often appen- daged. Staminodes 10, filiform, in pairs opposite the scales. Ovary i- celled ; style subulate ; stigma acute or 3-cleft. Capsule 3-valved. Herbs, often with stinging hairs, and yellow flowers. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Erect. b. Leaves pinnatifid, long-petiolate ; segments entire or parted, suboval. Flowers solitary, apical. « patagonica. b2. Basal leaves bipinnatifid, long-petiolate, ultimate segments roundish ; upper leaves once- pinnatifid. Peduncles axillary, i -flowered. c. Hairs not stinging. argentina. c2. Hairs stinging. filicifolia. £3. Leaves tripinnatipartite. Ultimate segments narrow. Flowers axillary. vuiltifida. l>4. Leaves basi-cordate, divided. c. Flowers few, subapical. Leaves 3-partite, and the segments 3-lobed. spegazzinii. C2. Flowers axillary. Leaves many-lobed. Petals with red base. tricolor. A2. Twining. Leaves bipinnatifid ; ultimate segments narrow. Flowers on terminal and axil- lary peduncles. volubilis. A^.. Decumbent-prostrate. Peduncles axillary, i-flowered. b. Leaves petiolate, subrotund, 3-5 -partite. muralis. b2. Leaves sessile, cordate-ovate, angular. prostrata. i. L. ARGENTINA Urb. & Gilg. (L. pinnatifida Gill, var gracilis.'] Nearly erect. Annual herb, with long, twining stem. Leaves opposite, long-petioled ; the basal leaves pinnate ; their segments pinnatifid, with MACLOSKIE : LOASACE/E. 587 roundish, approximate lobes. Upper leaves few, pinnatifid. Peduncles axillary, usually I -flowered. Calyx-lobes ovate, much shorter than the petals ; half as long as the fruit. Hairs rigid, not stinging ; some obso- letely glochidiate. (Chili at 2,700 m. elevation) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Scheuen. 2. LOASA FILICIFOLIA Poepp. (L. pinnatifida Gill.) Nearly erect. Leaves opposite, long-petioled ; the basal with pinnat- ifid segments and rounded subsegments ; the upper pinnatifid. Characters much as in L. argentea, but with stinging hairs. "Chilian Nettle." In Chili at high elevations Head of Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz, by Hatcher; in flower and fruit, Feb. 9, 1897. * 3. L. MULTIFIDA Gay. Erect. Stem rigid, stout, branching. Leaves opposite, deeply tripinni- partite ; ultimate segments linear, acute ; the lowest leaves long-petioled, the upper sessile : the floral leaves alternate. Calyx-tube very short, the segments linear-lanceolate, equalling the petals. Scales 2-lobed, dorsally 3-appendaged at base, with two 3-jointed filaments inside. "Amor seco" ; Chili; and near Cape San Antonio in N. Patagon. 4. L. MURALIS Gris. Decumbent, branching, and rough all over, with stinging hairs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, subrotund in outline, 3~5-partite ; their segments pinnatifid-lobate. Outer lobes and teeth ovate, acutish. Peduncles axil- lary, i -flowered, cernuous, exceeding the leaf. Calyx-tube campanulate, the lobes much shorter, lanceolate, tooth-like, 4 times shorter than the short petals, which are hooded, dorsally setose. Scales hooded, truncate, dorsally naked, ending in a gland and enclosing 2 staminodes. Petals enclosing lo-staminal fascicles. Style simple. Capsule globose. Seeds oblong. (Argentina.) N. Patagon., a var. 5. L. PATAGONICA Urb. & Gilg. (L. pinnatifida Speg., non Gill.) Floriferous stems numerous, erect, patent, to 12 cm. high, sparsely leaved. Leaves lanceolate, or oval-lanceolate, pinnatifid, the pinnae mod- erately remote, sessile, entire or 2-4-partite, oval to oval-orbicular. 588 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. Flowers solitary, apical ; petals in the lower part broad-unguiculate. Scales dorsally ecarinate, anteriorly deeply excised; the lobes resulting thick- edged, making smaller lobes. Ovary inferior. S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine, at Karr-aike, etc. 6. LOASA PROSTRATA Gill. Covered by long, stinging hairs. Stem prostrate, flexuose. Leaves opposite, sessile, cordate-ovate, deeply angular. Pedttnc/es axillary, i- flowered, twice as long as the leaves. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, as long as the petals, longer than the fruit. Capsule with long, rigid hairs. Seeds ovoid, large, smooth. Chili and N. Patagon. "I am somewhat doubtful as to this being in N. Patagon. The species of Loasa are variable, with their limits ill- defined." (J. Ball.) 7. L. SPEGAZZINII. (L. patagonica Speg., non U. & G.) Annual ? Stem short, thick, attenuate both ways, subsimple, with lax epidermis, leafy below, naked upwards. Leaves with long or short petioles, subcordate-ovate, deeply 3-partite, the segments mostly 3-lobed. Lobes of the lower leaves short, broad, obtuse ; of the upper leaves nar- row, rather long, acute. Flowers few at the apex of the stem, nodding, short-pediceled, whitish-yellow. Scales of corolla obovate-cochleate, en- tire, bearing dorsally 3 linear, acute, entire appendages, arising from near the base. Staminodes 2, spatulate-linear, laterally compressed, enclosed by the appendages and each with a shorter, subapical appendage. Patagon., in shrubberies by Rio Sta. Cruz, and near Golfo de San Jorge. 3-30-40 cm. tall. 8. L. TRICOLOR Lam. ? Very hispid annual. Stem erect. Uppermost leaves sessile. Leaves opposite, basicordate, many-lobed ; the lobes acute-dentate, the lower lobes often pinnatifid. Pedicels axillary. Calyx-lobes oblong, acuminate, as long as the petals, which are reflexed, yellow, their base with the scales red. (Chili) ; N. Patagon., near Lago Nahuel-huapi. 9. L. VOLUBILIS Juss. Stem twining. Leaves alternate or opposite, bipinnatifid ; the ultimate lobes linear, obtuse. Flowers on terminal and axillary peduncles. Calyx- MACLOSKIE — LOASACE/E. 589 lobes subdentate, half as long as the petals. Flowers small, the scales bilobed, 3-appendaged above externally. (Chili); S. Patagon., in valley of Rio Gallegos, by O. Nordenskj.; steppes of West Patagon., by Duse"n. 3. SCYPHANTHUS Don. Twining, pubescent herbs, the hairs not stinging, with opposite, 2-3- pinnatisect leaves ; and axillary, sessile, yellow flowers, having 5 saccate petals, alternating with smaller, cucullate, 3-awned scales; 10 staminodes, many stamens, a long narrow, stipe-like ovary, with few, small seeds. Species 2, Chili, often at great elevations. S. ELEGANS Don. (Grammatocarpus volubilis Presl.). Leaves petiolate, scabrous, bipinnatifid ; the segments linear, obtuse. Calyx-lobes ovate-obtuse, two thirds as long as the petals. Capsule linear, like a peduncle. (Chili; called "Mongita," Indian name, "Fues"; cult, in European gardens) ; N. Patagon. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 6a, p. 117, L. M.) 4. CAJOPHORA Presl. Low or twining herbs, mostly with stinging hairs ; and decussate, often crowded leaves. Flowers yellow, white, or red, rarely axillary. Petals mostly valvate, plane or cymbiform. Nectaries and staminodes of Loasa. Ovary inferior, with 3-5 parietal placenta. Capsule obconic to clavate or globular, straight or twisted. Species 50, in Andes, Brazil and Argentina. Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 6a, p. 120. i. C. CORONATA Hook. & Arn. (sub Blumenbachia by H. & S.). Stem short, prostrate, to 30-60 cm. long. Leaves opposite, petiolate, pinnate and the pinnae bipinnatifid with toothed, ultimate lobes. Peduncles axillary, 30 cm. long. Calyx-lobes 5, pinnatifid with linear segments ex- ceeding the 3-merous ovary. Furrows of the fruit nearly straight. (Chili, high on the Andes) ; Patagon. 590 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. 2. CAJOPHORA PATAGONICA (Speg.). Stem short, thick, erect, attenuate both ways, leafy below, naked above. Leaves long-petioled, subcordate, 3-partite, the segments 3-lobed; lobes of lower leaves short-obtuse, of upper leaves acute. Flowers terminal, few, short-pediceled, nodding, white-yellow. Scales obovate-cochleate, entire, with 3 dorsal, acute processes. Staminodes 2, spatulate-linear. S. Patagon., by Rio Chico. 3. C. SCANDENS ORIENTALIS (My.). (Loasa bergi Hier.) Leaves subovate, subsessile, pinnatifid, the lobes obtuse, long-linear. Peduncles i -flowered, 8-10 cm. long. Calyx-tube hispid, with glochidiate awns. Petals yellow, subcucullate. Stamens many, in oppositipetalous fascicles. Staminodes lo. Capsule lo-costate. N. Patagon., Rio Negro and Chubut. 5. BLUMENBACHIA Schrad. Annual herbs, with sharply 4-angled, trailing stem, and opposite decus- sate leaves, with stinging and also hooked hairs. Flowers 5-merous, ter- minal, or solitary on 2-bracted, axillary peduncles ; otherwise as in Cajoph- ora. Ovary globular, becoming a fruit twisted to the left. Placentce at first fleshy, afterwards drying, and enlarging for dissemination of the seeds. Species 3, Argentina to Brazil. B. SYLVESTRIS Poepp. Setose, hispid, climbing. Lower leaves petiolate, elliptic-lanceolate, their lobes sinuate ; upper leaves sessile, incise-toothed. Flower terminal, and solitary in the dichotomies. Calyx- segments entire ; half as long as the petals. (Argentina, cordilleras of Antuco) ; Patagon., Chubut. B. SYLVESTRIS LEPTOCARPA (Speg.). Upper leaves mostly ovate, basi-cuneate. The variety with fruits oblanceolate, instead of ovate. Patagon., Chubut, in shrubberies near streams. MACLOSKIE CACTACE/E. 59! Family 74. CACTACE^E. Cactus Family. Fleshy, leafless plants (or with small leaves], the stems continuous or jointed and bearing spines arising from cushions; and flowers mostly soli- tary, large and showy, sessile, regular, and perfect. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, with many calyx-lobes and petals. Stamens numerous, inserted [on the tubular axis. Ovary i -celled, with parietal placentae. Fruit a 'berry. Seeds numerous, with copious or scanty endosperm. Species 1,000, nearly all American, xerophil plants. » KEY TO THE GENERA. i A. Not jointed, but angular or fluted or mamillate. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers sessile on or near areoles. Perianth funnelform to salver-shaped, with a distinct tube. No barbed spines. Seeds mostly pendulous on long funicles. b. Stem long, fluted or angled. I. Cereus, p. 591. &2. Stem short, globular to clavate, or short-columnar. c. Corolla greatly elongated, salver- or funnelform, with gradually widening tube ; arising from the older parts of the ridges. 2. Echinopsis, p. 592. cz. Corolla shorter, salver- or funnelform. Stem conical or clavate. 3. Echinocactus, p. 593. A2, Jointed ; joints round or flat and leaf-like. Fugacious, cylindric leaves when young. Barbed spines. Seeds with short funicles, which broaden and surround them. Filaments not as long as the rotate corolla. 4. Opuntia, p. 593. A$. As Opuntia, but spines not barbed; seeds lens-shaped. 5. Maihuenia, p. 595. A^. Jointed ; joints clavate, rounded apically, attenuate basally. Areoles spirally arranged, approximate, small, with scanty wool. Barbed spines in youth. Flowers small, termi- nal. Filaments shorter than the perianth. Seeds winged. 6. Pterocactus, p. 596. i. CEREUS Haw. Stem short or long, costate on the angles, pulvilligerous with lateral flowers. Calyx-tube prolonged above the ovary, with tomentose pulvilli. Petals many-seriate, exceeding the calyx-lobes, recurved-patent. Stamens free almost as long as the calyx-tube. Ovary exsert, spiny or scaly. i. C. CGERULESCENS Salm. Erect, attenuate, 8-angled, cceruleous. Costa obtuse, scarcely repand. Cushions large, oval, with black tomentum and short, gray wool. Cen- tral spines 3-4, rigid, black; lateral radiant, slender, white, save at extremities. 592 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. Color beautiful dark-green. Flowers rare, with white petals, externally green ; and with red-topped green scales imbricating the floral tube. (Brazil) ; common by Rio Negro, N. Patagon. 2. CEREUS DUSENI Web. Small, 20-60 cm. high. Stem 6-8-costate, the cushions rather remote, with many spines. Long, central spines 1-3, erect, uncinate at apex ; shorter radiating spines 6-10, acute. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro; Chubut, rocky precipices near Trelew. "A most distinct species, near C. bertinii Cels." (Speg.) 3. C. LAMPROCHLORUS Lem. C. LAMPROCHLORUS SALINICOLA Speg. Trunk cylindrical, 59-150 cm. long, 7-10 cm. thick, apically rounded, erect, not branching, but basally proliferous, very green. Costa 10—12, obtusely rounded. Areoles hemispherical-orbicular, white velvety at first ; subsequently fuscous, having V-formed sulci above. Spines i4-i6(-2o), ochroleucous, of which 4-5 are slightly stouter. Flowers with scent of roses, solitary in the upper lateral areoles, large (24 cm. long), with sub- globose ovary. Petals green-reddish externally, white internally. Stamens many, 2-seriate, some deflexed, others erect and white like the 1 5-cleft style. N. Patagon., between Rio Negro and Rio Colorado ; Bahia Blanca. 4. C. PATAGONICA Web. Fruit ovate, dry, white to pink, with short, dense, white villosity and fine, blackish setulce, 5-15 mm. long. Seeds black, glabrous, areolate. S. Patagon., near Sta. Cruz. 2. ECHINOPSIS Zucc. Stem depressed, costate, globose or cylindrical. Calyx-tube long, pul- villigerous ; the lobes numerous. Stamens 2-seriate, the outer adnate to the calyx, the inner free. Ovary covered with setae. Berry scaly. Coty- ledons small, connate. Species 10. E. LEUCANTHA Walp. (Pfeiff. sub Cereus}. Stem not richly developed, globose or ellipsoid, ashy-green. Spines bent, very large, over 2 cm. long. "Honey-yellow." Flowers large, white or subrubescent. MACLOSKIE CACTACE/E. 593 (Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro and Rio Neuquen. 3. ECHINOCACTUS Lk. & Otto. Stems globose to cylindric, with tubercles in rows, bearing clusters of spines. Flowers on the subterminal tubercles. Calyx-tube prolonged, scale-crowned, its outer lobes scale-like, and its inner lobes prolonged. Petals and stamens numerous, perigynous. Ovary exserted. Species 200, from the W. United States to Brazil and Chili. i. E. ACUATUS Lk. & Otto. Subglobose, glaucescent, the vertex not distinct, costce 2O-acuate, not laterally impressed, the spines 7, spreading recurved, hoary-brown, 8-12 mm. long. Sulci broad. E. acuatus tetracantha Lehm. N. Patagon., on rocky hills near Rio Negro. 2. E. GIBBOSUS DC. Ovate or oblong-obtuse ; costcz vertical, interrupted, tubercled ; some of the tubercles apically subtomentose, bearing straight, rigid needle- spines, others in a different series long-mammose and subcompressed. Flowers 2, the largest of the genus, near the depressed apex, with greenish-tube, distant sepals, having a white, expanded limb, 4-serial lobes obovate, sub- mucronate. (Jamaica) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. E. GIBBOSUS CEREBRIFORMIS. A monstrosity ; the ribs greatly contorted, and the spines short. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. E. GIBBOSUS CHUBUTENSIS Speg. Differs from the species by the stature being low, the color intensely ashy-glaucous, the spines less numerous, and \heflowers manifestly larger. Chubut, in plains along Rio Chubut. 4. OPUNTIA Haw. Prickly Pear. Plants jointed, their joints flattened or cylindric, with small, subulate, deciduous leaves. Cushions spine-bearing. Calyx-tube not prolonged. 594 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. Petals numerous, slightly united at the base. Stamens very numer- ous, in several series. Ovary cylindric, exserted, becoming a pyriform berry. Species 150, chiefly from Mexico to Chili; a few in the United States. Some have been introduced into the Old World, and run wild. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 6a, p. 170, C, G, and 201.) O. opuntia (L.) Coult, (O. vulgaris Mill.) of American origin is now spreading over the tropical parts of the Old World. Its fleshy fruit is edible. i. OPUNTIA DARWINII Hensl. Prostrate, branching shrub, about 5 cm. high, olivaceous. Joints egg- form, scarcely tuberculate. Spines, especially when young, entire (not trifid). Flowers on top of the uppermost joint, yellow. Patagon., by Rio Negro; Rio Chubut; Puerto Deseado ; in gravelly deserts near Rio Chico. 2. O. PATAGONICA Phil. Joints subclavate, bright green. Cushions covered by a short, white tomentum. Spines whitish, i compressed, 26 mm. long, and 2 only 1.3 mm. long. Leaves 3 mm. long. Patagon. 3. O. PENICILLIGERA Speg. Platyopuntia. Armed, low, subprostrate.. Joints orbicular or broad- obovate, dull green, plane or slightly convex. Areoles not umbonate, rather lax, usually with whitish slender torted spines, the central one long, and i or 2 laterals shorter and weaker ; rarely none ; when old re- trorsely appressed ; with large and rather long pencils of rusty glochidia. Flowers lemon-colored. Fruit clavate, green to rufous. N. Patagon., between Rio Negro and Rio Colorado ; Bahia Blanca and Neuquen. . 4- O. PLATYACANTHA S. Dick. Low, branching ; the branches divaricate, cylindrical, not very tubercu- late, shining brown. Cushions large, immersed, fulvescent, with seta- ceous tomentum, and with diversely-formed spines. Lowest spines 3-4, slender, white appressed. Upper ones 2—3, longer, reed-like, gray. (Chili); Patagon., Chubut. MACLOSKIE CACTACEyE. 595 5. OPUNTIA SULFUREA Gill. Joints erect, subglobose, bright green. Cushions crowded. Spines of 2 forms, from a pallid tomentum ; the upper setaceous, black-purple, minute, the lower 6-12, long, acicular, white, with purplish apex; the central one longest. (Central provinces of Chili); N. Patagon., common by Rio Negro. (Spegazzini refers to 2 other undescribed species, one by Rio Sta. Cruz, the other by Lago Argentine.) 5. MAIHUENIA Phil. Low, almost shrubs, of habit of Opuntia, branched, forming large masses, with arrow-shaped, caducous or subpersisting leaves, and areoles having wool, but no glochidia. Spines sagittate, round. Flowers short- stalked, from a subterminal areole; regular, not large. Ovary pitted, leafy, and woolly, the wool from the axils of the leaves. Ovules numerous. Perianth radiate, without a tube ; stamens shorter ; and style still shorter. Berry soft. Seeds nearly lens-shaped, shining, black. Species 6, Chili and Argentina. Allied to Pereskia by its seeds and absence of glochidia ; to Opuntia by its habit. 1. M. PHILIPPI Web. Root thick, sending from its crown many branches which make a pul- viniform mass, 10-20 cm. diam. Branchlets green, subglobose. Older areoles foveoliform, emitting 3 spines, a central flat spine 10-15 mm- long and smaller laterals, all white, paler apically. Leaves numerous at end of branches, subpersistent, cylindraceous, green. Flowers sessile on the extremity of the branch, 30 mm. long, green to white-rose, with scales and often setulae upwards ; inner petals white. N. Patagon., in mountains at Neuquen ; native name Espina blanca. 2. M. POEPPIGII Web. Shrub-like ; profusely branching, prostrate, forming cespitose masses, pale green. Spines solitary, subulate, about 2 cm. long, yellowish. Leaves cylindraceous, i cm. long, often persisting. Areoles circular, 1-1.5 mm- diam. Flowers sulphur-yellow. Berry subovoid, 4 by 2 cm. Patagon., Chubut on dry rocks near Trelew. 596 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 3. MAIHUENIA TEHUELCHES Speg. Fruticose, intricately branching, dull green. Joints cylindro-elliptical or subclavulate. Leaves ovate, small. Spines 3, the central erect, large (20-40 mm.), the laterals divaricate, small. Flowers subapical, sessile. Ovary short turbinate-hemispherical, scaly, glabrous, scarcely setulose. Outer petals yellow-white, inner white. Fruit globose to hemispherical, not juicy. Patagon., between San Julian and Rio Deseado; along Rio Chubut; Neuquen. Native name, Chupa sangra. 4. M. VALENTINI Speg. Fruticose, intricately branching, dull green ; articiilations none or ob- scure. Leaves ovate, small. Spines 3, the central erect, very large, flat, the lateral subretrorse, small. Flowers apical, sessile. Ovary short, scaly, scales at the axils long white-bearded, with few setulae. Floral leaves ruddy externally, inner ones white. Chubut, near Trelew, and by Rio Chubut. 6. PTEROCACTUS K. Schumann. Cespitose, with club-shaped off-sets. Cushions spiral, approximate, cir- cular to obovate, small, with sparse wool ; glochidia in the young, fuga- cious. Spines 9-12, small (i mm.), white. Flowers small, terminal. Ovary gradually passing to the branch, with glochidiiferous cushions. Outer perianth-leaves fleshy green ; inner petaloid, spatulate. Stamens shorter than the perianth. Style with many stigmas. Capsule dry, with circumscissile dehiscence. Seeds winged. i. P. KUNTZII K. Schumann? An elliptic to subglobose, radical tumor, with smooth epidermis sending out terete branches ; which are apically rounded and with minute fascicles of hairs. Spines 6-14; of these 1-4 in the center are shorter and stout. Stamens irritable when touched. Capsule dry, circumscissile. Seeds white. Common by Rio Negro, N. Patagon., a small plant, about a finger- length, its branches 5 mm. thick. MACLOSKIE THYMELEACE/E. 597 2. PTEROCACTUS VALENTINI Speg. Subtuberous undershrub, branching from the base, cespitose, glauces- cent. The branches short, thick, terete, obtuse. Spines 25-35, a^ hya- line, slender, retrorsely plicate. Flowers fuscous-yellow. Patagon., at Trelew and Valdez Penins.; between San Julian and Rio Deseado ; by Rio Sta. Cruz. Very polymorphous. Family 75. THYMELEACE^E. Mezereon Family. Shrubs or trees with tough bark, simple, entire, exstipidate leaves, and regular, mostly perfect flowers. Petals often wanting. Stamens borne on the calyx, as many, or twice as many as its 4-5 lobes. Ovary i -celled, i-ovuled (rarely 2); ovule pendulous. Fruit a berry-like drupe. Species 425, most in Austral, and S. Africa. KEY TO THE GENERA. * (All the following are apetalous, and have i -celled ovaries.) A. Stamens twice as many as the sepals, 2-seriate. Fruit a drupe or nutlet. Calyx normally developed. b. Hermaphrodite. Style and filaments very short. Stigma capitate. Receptacle cylin- drical, i. Daphne, p. 597. bz. Dioecious. Style and filaments very long, exceeding the short, funnelform receptacle. 2. Ovidia, p. 598. A2. Stamens as many as, and alternating with, the 4 sepals ; often also 4 or 8 glandular, anti- sepalous staminodes. Small moss-like plants. 3. Drapetes, p. 598. i. DAPHNE Linn. Mezereon. Shrubs, with alternate leaves or small, pink or white flowers, clustered at the nodes in the leaf-axils or at the base of innovations. Petals none. Calyx tubular, 4-merous, its lobes spreading. Stamens 8, scarcely any protruding. Ovary sessile. Stigma subsessile, capitate. Species 40, chiefly Eurasiatic. D. PILLO-PILLO. Leaves elliptical-oblong, elongate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers crowded, terminal, umbellate, the perianth-segments oblong-ovate, silky outside, glabrous internally. S. Chili, Valdivia. 598 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. DAPHNE TENERA Phil. Leaves herbaceous, glabrous, narrow-oblong, obtuse, the veins (except the midrib) obscure. Flowers umbellate, with capillary pedicels, equalling the oblong fruit, which is attenuate in both directions. By Rio Palena in W. Patagon. 2. OVIDIA Meisn. Shrubs of habit of Daphne, with thin, coriaceous, alternate, subsessile, narrow leaves, and terminal umbels with 1-2 deciduous bracts. Flowers unisexual, mostly dioscious, 4-merous. Receptacle funnelform, hairy out- side. Calyx-leaves spreading ; petals none. Stamens 8, in 2 series, with long filaments. Ovary sessile in the receptacular cup, i -celled. Style long, with small, capitate stigma. Fruit a drupe. Species 5, chiefly in Chili. O. TENERA (Phil, sub Daphne]. Leaves herbaceous, glabrous, narrowly oblong, obtuse, the veins not conspicuous, excepting the midrib. Flowers umbellate, on capillary pedi- cels, as long as the oblong, doubly attenuate fruit. Peduncle 12 mm. long ; pedicels 6-8 mm. ; plant 9 cm. high. S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine; W. Patagon., by Rio Palena. 3. DRAPETES Banks. Cespitose shrubs, with small, coriaceous, imbricating leaves, and heads of flowers at the ends of the branches and also among the leaves. Stamens 4, as many as, and alternate with, the perianth-lobes. Berry i -seeded. Species 5, in Antarctic Amer., Papua, Australia, Borneo, and New Zealand. D. MUSCOIDES Lam. Perianth-throat without scales. Receptacle glandless. Leaves decus- sate, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, appressed-pilose. Peduncles simple, erect, naked. Invohtcral leaves 4, minute, equalling the flower. E. and W. Magellan ; Fuegia to Cape Horn ; S. Patagon., by Rio Azo- pardo (Dusdn) ; Falklands. (Fig. in Eng. and Prantl, iii, 6a, p. 244, C.) MACLOSKIE LYTHRACE-^E. 599 Family 76. LYTHRACE^E. Loose-strife Family. Mostly herbs, with opposite, exstipulate leaves and perfect, perigynous, 4-6-merous flowers. Petals as many as the calyx-lobes, inserted on the calyx, or none. Stamens various, inserted on the calyx. Ovary 2-6-celled (rarely i -celled). Style i. Seeds usually many, without endosperm. Species 350, most in tropical America. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Flowers 4— 6-merous, cyclic, but stamens sometimes inclined to one side. b. Fruit not or irregularly dehiscing, subglobose. Pedicel I -flowered. Herbs. i. Peplis, p. 599. b2. Fruit a septicidal or septifragal oblong capsule ; with two simple or apically cleft valves. Herbs or small shrubs. 2. Ly thrum, p. 599. A2. Flowers 6-merous, bilaterally symmetrical. Of the stamens at least the dorsal one is always wanting. b. Anthers transversely fixed. Stamens 1 1 (rarely 9, 6 or 4). Placenta after dehiscence of capsule, and calyx bent back. Dorsal petals enlarged. Herbs or shrubs, often viscous. 3. Cuphea, p. 600. b2. Anthers basifixed. Stamens 1 1 (or 6-7). Fruit indehiscent. Leaves rigid, often pun- gent. 4. Pleurophora, p. 601. i. PEPLIS Linn. Small, marsh annuals, with entire, obovate or narrow, glabrous leaves, and small, solitary, mostly 6-merous flowers, sessile in the axils. Calyx with 5-6 accessory teeth. Petals sometimes wanting. Filaments short, anthers didymous. Style short ; stigma capitate. Ovary 2-celled. Species 3, Eurasia and N. Africa. P. PORTULA Linn. Leaves creeping, obovate-subrotund, narrowing to a petiole. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 7, p. 8.) N. Patagon., by Rio Negro (from Europe). 2. LYTHRUM Linn. Loose-strife. Stems 4-angled, with entire leaves and flowers having a straight, cylin- dric calyx-tube, 8-i2-ribbed, with 4-6 primary teeth and as many inter- mediate secondaries. Petals 4-8. Stamens 8-12. Fruit 2-celled, en- closed in the persisting calyx. Species 23, widely distributed. 600 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. LYTHRUM HYSSOPIFOLIUM Linn. Flowers axillary, solitary, pink-purple. Leaves sessile, most of them alternate, or the lowest opposite, oblong, obtuse; those of the branches much smaller than those of the stem. Stamens included. (Eurasian; naturalized in N. Amer. and the Andes); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 3. CUPHEA P. Browne. Herbs or undershrubs, often viscous, with entire leaves, and interpet- iolar, i -many-flowered peduncles. Calyx tubular, several-ribbed, gib- bous, 6-toothed or also with 6 additional accessory teeth interposed. Petals 6, 2 of them larger; or none. Stamens 6-n, 2 of them shorter; or rarely 12. Ovary unequally 2-celled. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Capsule enclosed in the calyx. Species 157, American, most in extratropical Brazil and Mexico. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 7, p. 8, H-Q and R-U.) • i. C. GLUTINOSA Cham. & Schl. Clammy ; pubescent, mixed with long, glandular hairs. Stem branched at the apex. Leaves short-petioled, lanceolate, acute. Calyx with a short spur. Petals shorter than the calyx, violet. Stamens 6. Style villous. Ovules 4—15. (Brazil); N. Patagon., near the mouth of Rio Negro. 2. C. HYSSOPIFOLIA Kth. Undershrub, with strigose branches. Leaves lanceolate, acutish, rather obtuse at their base, glabrous above, but strigose-hairy on the midrib and veins. Flowers alternate, pale-violet. Calyx glabrous. Stamens in- cluded. Filaments villous. Seeds 5-6. N. Patagon. 3. C. SPICATA Cav. Erect, annual, branching, hairy. Leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, acute both ways, glabrous, the margin scabrous. Axillary and terminal spike- like racemes, with opposite pedicels. Calyx hirtellate. Petals unequal, small, pink. Stamens 12. (Trop. Amer.); marshes of N. Patagon. MACLOSKIE MYRTACE/E. 4. PLEUROPHORA Don. Calyx straight tubular, striated, io-14-toothed, the alternate teeth spiny. Petals and stamens 5-7. Capsule i -celled, 3~4-seeded. Flowers small, in terminal, bracted spikes, 4-angled. Species 5, S. Amer. P. PATAGONICA Speg. Glabrous shrub 12 cm. high to 30 cm., with very small, ovate-lanceo- late, mucronate-pungent leaves, imbricated in 4 rows on thick branches. Old branches naked. Petals spatulate, entire, pink. Stamens long ex- serted. Beautiful. Patagon., near Gulf of San Jorge ; Trelew. Family 77. MYRTACE^:. Myrtle Family. Trees or shrubs, with mostly simple, entire, punctate, exstipulate leaves, and superior flowers having the perigonial tube adnate to the ovary, and supporting the 4-6 sepals, and as many petals, and the numerous stamens. Ovary mostly of 2 or more united carpels, 2-many-celled, with axile pla- centa; rarely i -celled. Style simple. Seeds 2-many, mostly without endosperm. Species nearly 3,000, having two centers, tropical S. Amer., and Aus- tralia; less abundant in tropical Asia, Polynesia, and Africa. Myrtus communis L. reaches the Mediterranean region ; and some species occur in Tasmania and N. Zealand. They reach the northern borders of Pata- gonia, and one is found as an exceptional case in Fuegia. But there are no woody representatives of the family in the Magellan region or further south. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Fruits berry-like, rarely drupe-like. Stamens in the bud attaining nearly their full length. Sepals free, even in the bud. b. Embryo horseshoe-shaped or spiral. Radicle exceeding the minute cotyledons. Fila- ments nearly straight in the bud. c. Sepals massive, prostrate in the bud. Filaments filiform, with punctiform glands next the connective ; anthers dorsifixed, partly versatile. d. Capsule chambered only above. 2. Myrteola, p. 602. d2. Capsule chambered from the base. 3. Myrtus, p. 603. 7/// fleshy, enclosing fyrettcs. Species 6, Chili and New Zealand, and the following: P. L^TEVIRENS Gay. Umbels panicled. Leaves 5-digitate, their leaflets long-lanceolate, finely serrate. W. Magellan, and Northwards ; at Lago Nahuel-huapi. Family 81. UMBELLIFER^:. Carrot Family. Herbs with small, epigynous, 5-merous flowers in compound, or rarely simple umbels. Umbels and their umbellules mostly with involucres and involucels. Calyx-tube wholly adhering to the ovary and supporting the petals ; calyx-limb represented by 5 minute teeth or obsolete. Ovary 2- celled, surrounded by a disk (stylopodium), whence arise the 5 stamens 2&& the 2 styles. Ovules i in each cell, pendulous from the septal carpophore. Pericarp with ribs, wings and oil-tubes. Embryo minute, in large endosperm. Species 1,600, cosmopolitan, abounding in the tropics. KEY TO THE GENERA. (Be careful to secure the fruit.) A. Fruit having woody fibrous endocarp. No free carpophore. No oil-tubes at least in the fur- rows. Umbels usually simple. 620 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. b. Fruit with very narrow commissures and 5 primary ribs. Leaves round -peltate or cor- date. I. Hydrocotylc, p. 622. i>2. Fruit with broad commissures, and mericarps dorsally flattened or rounded. c. Fruit wingless, with sac-like hollows under the midrib ; ribs often glochidiate-ciliate. Seeds thick, lens-shaped. Herbs with often cordate-palmately divided leaves and stellate-hairs ; the lower leaves opposite, stipulate. 2. Bowlcsia, p. 623. c2. Fruit wingless; without sac-like hollows ; transversely oval or circular or rounded- quadrangular. Fruit dry, more or less dorsally compressed, with 3 -dorsal ribs. Calyx-teeth minute, I -nerved. Cespitose, with leaves in rosettes or closely imbri- cate. 3. Azorclla, p. 624. ^3. Fruit broadly and dorsally 4-winged. Mericarps peltate, with small, linear commis- sures. Petals lance-oval. d. Calyx not large, its teeth prominent. Petals with midribs inflexed, notched, and dorsal callosity. Glabrous herbs, little branching, with palmately cut leaves. 4. Asterisdum, p. 632. d2. Calyx large, with 5 lanceolate teeth. Petals lanceolate, pointed or slightly notched. Undershrubs of sparing growth, leaves 3-5 -partite, sheathing the branches. 5. Mulinum, p. 633. A2. Fruit subglobose, muricate; vittae 5. Leaves palmately 5-3 -partite, the parts tripartite, etc- 6. Sanicula, p. 635. A$. Fruit walls of weak parenchyme ; the fruit nearly ovoid somewhat flattened laterally, oil tubes usually 5, weak or obsolete, flowers in dense head-like umbels, with pointed bracts. Leaves often toothed or lobed, with bristly margins. 7. Eryngium, p. 636. A^. Fruit walls consisting of weak parenchyme : sometimes with woody layers. Styles arising from a stylopodium. Oil-tubes arising in the furrows of the young fruit (valleculae), often afterwards specialized. Umbels mostly compound, with a general involucre of bracts, and a special involucel of bracteoles. b. Primary ribs weak or strong, with lateral ribs or with wings. . The valleculas are marked only by the oil-tubes. c. Seeds deeply-grooved or hollow on the commissure (by the decay of the raphe). d. Crystal -glands in the parenchyme surrounding the carpophore. Flowers polygamous. Fruit ribbed, with very small oil-tubes ; clavate, spurred basewards. Calyx- teeth none. Leaves decompound. Umbels few-rayed ; bracts and bracteoles narrow or none. 8. Osmorrhiza (Washingtonid), p. 637. d2. Crystal glands none. Fruit subglobular. e. Fruit nut-like, with woody layers ; smooth, showing ribs and oil-tubes only on drying. Commissure flat, not much narrowed. 9. Coriandrnm, p. 638. e 2. Fruiting mericarps hanging by small commissures ; externally ovoid-urceolate. Chief ribs weak or strong. f. Umbels simple, many-flowered. Frond long-ovoid, narrowing upwards. Petals flat, not apically inflexed. Peduncles short and thick. 10. Orcomyrrltis, p. 638. /2. Umbels compound, many-rayed. Fruit didymous ; commissure broad ; ribs wavy. Carpophore short, thick. Style recurved. Petals obcor- date, with strong, reflexed point. Oil-tubes obsolete. 1 1. Conium, p. 639. MACLOSKIE I UMBELLIFERyE. c2. Seeds flat on the commissures ; raphe often protruding, rarely receding. d. Lateral ribs and 3 dorsal ribs subsimilar. Seeds semi-circular in cross-section, with broad endosperm. e . Ribs of fruit slightly protruding. Mericarps hanging together by a narrow com- missure. Only vallecular oil-tubes, or none. No crystal -glands in pericarp. Lower leaves divided, sheathing-petioled. Flowers white. /. Mericarps with 5 equal ribs ; oil-tubes vallecular, or more or none. Calyx teeth none or minute. Petals ovate-acute, entire, apex sometimes inflexed. Leaves pinnate, or further cut. Involucres varying. 12. Apium, p. 639. /2. Fruit long oval or mericarps cylindro-concave, smooth. Oil-tubes one in each furrow. Petals clawed, cleft, the lobes unequal, apex sessile in the deep notch. Terminal and lateral umbels. Calyx-teeth obsolete ; styles short. Bracts and bracteoles pinnate. 13. Amnri, p. 641. /% Fruit cordate-ovoid to didymous or shorter. Oil-tubes many, fine. Calyx - teeth long, persisting. Petals apically inflexed. Styles short Leafy- stemmed marsh-plants. Bracts and bracteoles many, small, persistent. Leaves mostly once-pinnate. 14. Slum, p. 641. e2. Ribs of fruit strong, and often wing-like ; the side-ribs broadening the commis- sural face of the mericarps ; the carinal and sutural ribs subequal. /. Fruit short-ovoid or obconic. Stylopodium broad, obtuse. Marginal ribs thick and broad, not winged. Mericarps dorsally broad-round, not com- pressed, smooth. Oil-tubes i in each furrow. Carpophore obsolete. Creeping plants with simple umbels and terete leaves. Flowers white. 15. Lilceopsis (Cratttzia), p. 641. /2. Fruit ovoid-cylindrical, dorsally compressed, smooth. Mericarps some- times with small wings. Lateral ribs imbricating, strong ; the other ribs mostly small. Oil-tubes 4 vallecular, 2 commissural, large. Flowers green-yellow. 16. Faeniculum, p. 642. /3. Fruit ovoid-cylindrical, not dorsally compressed, smooth. Ribs subequal, all broad-winged. Seeds with broad, often pentagonal cross-section. Petals obcordate, notched, whitish. Calyx teeth none or minute. Sev- eral vallecular oil-tubes or minute. Leaves ternately compound. Bracts and bracteoles several, narrow, some divided. 17. Ligusticum, p. 642. ^3. Side-ribs of fruit much broader than the 3, often slight, dorsal ribs ; forming small double wing-like processes of the paired mericarps. Seeds small in cross-section. Bracts and bracteoles mostly none. Leaves pinnate. Flowers yellow. 18. Pastinaca, p. 642. i>2. Secondary ribs over the oil-tubes, usually exceeding the primary ribs and armed by barb- less or barbed spines. Bracts pinnate ; bracteoles entire or toothed. Flowers chiefly white. Leaves pinnately decompound. 19. Daucus, p. 643. 622 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. i. HYDROCOTYLE Linn. Prostrate marsh herbs, with palmately nerved or lobed or peltate leaves, mostly broad, on long petioles, with scale-like stipules; and small, white flowers in simple, sessile or peduncled ^tmbe!s, with a small invohicre. Species 100, cosmopolitan. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 8, p. 117.) KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Leaves peltate. b. Leaves orbicular. c. Umbel 2O-3O-flowered. umbellate. c2. Scape umbelled and flowers whorled along its branches. bonariensis. bz. Leaves subreniform. Rays many. - modes/a. A2, Leaves subpeltate, nearly single at the nodes. Umbels 3- 5 -flowered. batrachioides. A$. Leaves not peltate. b. Leaves round-cordate, /-lobed. Flowers about 25. araucana. bz. Leaves round-reniform, 5 -lobed. Umbels 5-i2-flowered. ranunctiloidcs, b$. Leaves reniform. Umbel 10-12 -flowered. bonplandi. I. H. ARAUCANA Phil. Stem erect, simple, slender, few-leaved, covered with long hairs ; as are the petioles, etc. Leaves glabrous, orbicular, cordate, y-lobed, crenate. Peduncles shorter than petioles ; flowers 25, subsessile. Fruit small. Araucaria and Valdivia. H. ARAUCANA PATAGONICA Speg. Stems creeping ; and all the plant glabrous. 2. H. BATRACHIOIDES DC. Glabrous. Leaves nearly single at the rooting nodes, long-petioled, erect, subpeltate, 3~5-partite, the parts cuneate, obtuse, 2-4-cleft ; lobes entire or subcrenate. Peduncles scarcely 25 mm. long, deflexed in fruit. Umbels 3-5-flowered. Flowers subsessile. (Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 3. H. BONARIENSIS Lam. (H. umbellata bonariensis.'] Glabrous. Leaves peltate, orbiculate, i5-2O-nerved, bicrenate. Scape scarcely longer than the petioles, apically umbelled and further branching. Flowers whorled along the branches. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, along damp maritime regions. Multiform. MACLOSKIE I UMBELLIFERyE. 623 4. HYDROCOTYLE BONPLANDI Rich. Hirsute. Leaves reniform (not peltate), 9-nerved, bicrenate. Peduncles 25 mm. long, equalling the petioles. Umbel io-i2-flowered, the flowers pediceled. (Chili) ; Patagon., by Rio Negro and Rio Sta. Cruz. H. BONPLANDI CHILENSIS. Umbels denser, subsessile. Leaves y-nerved, y-lobed ; petioles 35 mm. (Chili) ; Patagon., Rivers Negro and Sta. Cruz. 5. H. MODESTA Cham, and Schl. Leaves peltate, very long-petioled (7-30 cm.) subreniform-orbicular, glabrous, Q-nerved, petioles and young stems pilose. Peduncles short (6-25 mm.), many-rayed. Fruit very small, emarginate at both ends. (Montevideo) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 6. H. RANUNCULOIDES Linn. f. Stout, glabrous. Stem floating or creeping near the shore. Leaves orbiculate-reniform (not peltate), 5-nerved, somewhat 5-lobed ; the lobes obtuse, subcrenate, mid-lobe longest and narrowest. Peduncles shorter than the petioles. Umbel 5-i2-flowered, the flowers pediceled. Fruit broad-orbicular. (Mediterr. Region ; N. Amer. ; by Mex. to S. Amer.) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. 7. H. UMBELLATA Linn. Glabrous, subterranean branches tuberiferous. Leaves peltate, orbicu- lar, basi-emarginate, bicrenate, about i i-12-nerved. Scape shorter than the petioles. Umbel 2O-3O-flowered ; the flowers petioled. Fruit broader than long, notched at both ends. (S. Africa ; N. Amer. and W. Indies ; Mex. to S. Amer.) ; N. Patagon. 2. BOWLESIA Ruiz & Pav. Stellate-hairy or glabrous herbs. Leaves alternate below, but mostly opposite under the simple or irregularly compound umbels. Bracts small, subulate or none. Calyx-teeth prominent. Petals entire, white or pur- plish. Fruit constricted, with narrow commissure. Mericarps subtri- angular, glochidiate-ciliate, the cilia united at base to form a wing. 624 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS '. BOTANY. Species 18, Calif, to Chili, etc. (Fig. of fruit in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 8, p. 125.) I. BOWLESIA INCANA R. & P. Procumbent annual, stellate-hairy. Leaves reniform-orbicular, obtusely 3-5-cleft ; their lobes entire or 3-toothed. Umbels on very short axillary peduncles. (Peruvian mountains, Argentina.) Patagon. B. INCANA TENERA (Spreng.) Urban. Prostrate, with reniform, ciliate leaves, 5-7-lobed. Umbels 3-flowered. (S. Brazil) ; Patagon., near mouth of Rio Chubut (Dusen) ; by Golfo de San Jorge ; Rio Sta. Cruz ; by Rio Negro. 2. B. TROPEOLIFOLIA Gill. & Hook. Stellately hairy. Stem procumbent, slender. Leaves palmately 5— y-parted, the segments lanceolate, obtuse, entire, with acute sinuses. Peduncles long, 3-flowered. Fruit small. (Argentina.) B. TROPEOLIFOLIA HETEROPHYLLA Speg. Procumbent or climbing annual with long green branches, very long internodes and petioles ; the leaf-blades ovate, entire or 3-lobed or palma- tifid, sparingly stellate-hairy and with small stipules. Flowers small, white-green, sessile on long peduncles, 3-5 capitulate. Fruit dorsally compressed, green. S. Patagon., in meadows at Karr-aike, near Lago Argentino. B. TROPEOLIFOLIA PATAGONICA Speg. Low, slender, erect or diffuse, more or less stellately hoary ; the last leaves of the branches very lanceolate, short-petioled, usually entire. Chubut, along Carren-leofu. 3. AZORELLA Lam. (Bolax Comm.) Perennial herbs or undershrubs, sometimes densely pulvinate (so form- ing a cushion), much branching, rarely stoloniferous, and covered by im- bricating leaves, sometimes covered by the long leaf-sheaths, often cespi- tose with radical leaves. MACLOSKIE: UMBELLIFERVE. 625 Leaves entire or toothed, or ternately or palmately dissected. Stipules none, or like cilia, or scarious. Umbels sessile amid the leaves or peduncled, simple, or irregularly compound, many- or few- or only i -flowered. In- volucral bracts small and free, or large and connate, or radiant. Petals somewhat concave, entire, imbricate. Calyx-teeth evident. Fruit later- ally compressed or not ; furrowed, or constricted at the commissure. Car- pels subterete, or pentagonal, rarely dorsally flattened. Primary ridges subequal ; the lateral distinct from the commissure. Vittce between the ridges more or less conspicuous. Seed straight, subterete. Species 35, in Andesia and Antarctic Amer., Austral., Tasmania and N. Zeal.; reaching Mexico. GENERIC SUBSECTIONS. 1. Fragosa. Stems pulvinate or covered by imbricating leaves, or divided into long branches covered by leaf-sheaths. Leaves naked at the base or ciliate. Small plants ; disk large, lobed ; oil-sacs of fruit large, often brown ; as aretioides, caspitosa, selago. 2. Pozoa. (Separate genus in Eng. & Prantl, not found in Patagon.) Leaves subradical, with long dilated petioles. Umbels many -flowered, simple — hydrocotylifolia. 3. Microsciadium. (Austral.) Cespitose. Umbels few-flowered. Bracts few, small. 4. ScJtizeilcma. Cespitose, stoloniferous ; like Hydrocotyle ; leaves in rosettes or scattered, not imbricated ; umbels stalked ; involucral bracts numerous — ranunculus. 5. Huanaca. Low, with radical rosettes of long-petioled leaves, whole or lobed or partite. Flowers on long pedicels, in many-rayed umbels with an involucre of leaves ; as acanlis, 6. Pcctophytum. Cespitose closely leaved, with old stems surrounded by sheaths of old leaves. Terminal umbels amid the upper leaves ; each pedicel swollen below the ovary and articu- lated ; as glcbaria, lycopodioides, nivalis, trifurcata. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Long-petioled leaves from the ground. b. Scape-like stem trifid at top, 2-leaved, all the leaves and the involucre with filiform seg- ments. Umble with long rays. acauhs. b2. Leaves reniform-peltate. Scapes 1-7, long; umbels capituliform ; involucre of I broad leaf, toothed. hydrocotylifolia. £3. Stem creeping and rooting. Leaves rounded and divided. Peduncles short ; umbel 3-5- flowered ; involucral bracts linear. ranunculus. A2. Stem short. Leaves palmately 3~5-parted. Umbel 20-flowered ; involucral bracts lanceolate. tnorenonis. AT,. Caespitose, with entire leaves ; many form cushions. b. Leaves scale-like, with slender petioles from an enlarged base. Umbels of 1-6 small flowers. White-silvery. atncghinoi. b2. Leaves fleshy, ovate, concave. Umbels sessile, few-flowered. bovei, £3. Leaves linear, the wide sheaths filamentous. Umbels sessile, 6-8-flowered. ccespitosa. 626 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 64. Leaves narrow, from broad, ciliate sheaths. Umbels short-stalked, 6-8-flowered. filamentosa. b$. Leaves linear. Umbels short, sessile amid the upper leaves. hookeriana. 66. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, fasciculate. Umbels nearly hidden ; involucre multifid, plantagtnea. bj. Leaves elliptical or oblanceolate, imbricate. Involucre 5-6-cleft. patagonica. Aj.. Leaves 3~7-cleft from a broad base with cilia, imbricating. Umbel short-stalked, 3-flow- ered. Involucre bracts linear. Forming cushions. selago. A$. Lower leaves with broad imbricating sheaths ; upper leaves 2-3-cleft. Umbel subsessile, 6— 8-flowered. Involucre cup-like, many-leaved. bolacina. A6. Leaves 3-lobed or 3 -cleft. b. Leaves crowded, amplexicaul, pectinate ; blades triangular or 3-lobed. Umbel long- stalked, fuegiana. bz. Leaf-lobes recurved, ciliate. Umbel subsessile ; involucral bracts subulate. trifurcata. b$. Petioles soft, not marginally ciliate. Umbel simple, subsessile, 4-flowered and 4 involucral bracts. Stellate hairs on young fruit. glcbaria. 64. Leaves recurved ; the sheaths broad, ciliate. Umbels and flowers stalked. Bracts 5-6. lanceolate. utriculata. b$. Leaves suberect with pungent points and ciliate-margined, broad imbricating sheaths. Umbel stalked, of 3-4-subsessile flowers, with 2 serrate bracts. lycopodioides. A"]. Leaves 3-partite, imbricate. Umbels subsessile, 4-flowered, with 4 long bracts. aretioides. i. AZORELLA ACAULIS (Cav. sub Huanacci. H. cavanillesii'DC.}. Stem scape-like. Leaves all radical, long-petioled, palmately y-8-sect; the segments narrow-linear, acute, entire or trifid; petiole widened at base to a ciliated sheath. Scape erect, simple, striate, bearing a 3-rayed compound umbel. Invohicral leaves 3-partite, basally ciliate. The 2 lat- eral umbellules long-peduncled and blooming longer than the subsessile mid one; umbellules several-flowered. Fruit ovate, dorsally flattened. Mericarps with 3 lateral vittae. Magellan, S. Patagon., at Puerto Deseado ; by Hatcher at Coy Inlet, "on steppes, rare"; by Peterson at Rio Chico. (Nov.-Dec.) " A little known Patagonian plant, remarkable for the resemblance of its almost leafless stem to a scape, and for its branching being trichotomous." (J. D. Hooker.) "Varies from 3 to 50 cm. high, and more or less laxly pilosulous." (Speg.) 2. A. AMEGHINOI Speg. Cespitose, squamous, silvery. Leaves crowded, subimbricate, ovate or lance-linear, involute; petioles slender on an enlarged base. Umbels MACLOSKIE — UMBELLIFER/E. 627 acrogenous ; peduncle shorter than the petiole, white-villous, i-6-flowered ; flowers small, subglabrous. S. Patagon., by Rio Chico and Rio Scheuen. 3. AZORELLA ARETIOIDES Willd. (Fragosa in H. B. & K.) Low, cespitose. Leaves imbricate, tripartite, coriaceous, the lobes ob- long, acutish, the petioles suberous-thick, apically villous. Umbels sub- sessile, simple, 4-flowered. Involucral leaves 4, oblong-lanceolate, as long as the pedicels. The same habit as A. selago,, whose leaves are small and not so much lobed. (Andes of Quito at great elevations) ; S. Patagon., on Cordilleras, Hatcher. 4. A. BOLACINA CIOS. Densely cespitose, dwarfish. Petioles closely imbricated on the branches, broad-ovate, somewhat sheathing, without a lamina. Lamina of terminal leaves undivided or 2-3-cleft, their segments deep or dentiform, often unequal, oblong. Umbel subsessile, 6-8-flowered. Involucre cup-like, many-leaved. (Chili) ; Cordilleras of S. Patagon., by Hatcher. 5. A. BOVEI Speg. Botryoid-ramulose, glabrous, cespitose. Dense, thick, imbricate peti- oles, coriaceous below, broad-sheathing, entire ; upwards abruptly becoming a fleshy, ovate, obtuse, concave lamina, marginally dilated. Umbel apical, sessile, few-flowered. Fuegia, rather rare in peat meadows of Melville, etc., Islands. Dusen found it forming cushions to the snowline at Puerto Angosto in W. Magellan. He believes it to be identical with A. gummifera Poir. (1810.) 6. A. OESPITOSA Cav. (Plate XXII, A.) Densely cespitose. Leaves 8 mm. long, very green above, closely imbricating, wide at base, spreading, slightly reflexed, linear, acute, entire, coriaceous, their sheaths filamentous. Umbel sessile among the upper leaves, short, 6-8-flowered; calyx-tube pilose, its margin obtusely and very shortly 5-lobed. You ng/rwit oblong, subquadrate, dorsally flattened. Patagon., in Cordilleras; by Hatcher at Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz; W. 628 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. Patagon.; Puerto Deseado, Magellan, Falklands. N. and E. Fuegia. (Dusen, "a characteristic steppe-plant") 7. AZORELLA FILAMENTOSA Lam. Lax cespitose. Stems branching, the branches crowded, occasionally elongate. Leaves linear-lanceolate, subspatulate, subcymbiform, their margins reflexed, entire, ending in an equi-long petiole which is sheath- ing and ciliate at base. Umbels short-pedunculate, 6-8-flowered. Fruit ovate, subterete ; mericarps dorsally convex, 5~ridged. Magellan, S. Patagon., at mouth of Rio Gallegos (Dusen) ; through Fuegia to Cape Horn; Falklands. "A steppe-plant; not very common throughout Fuegia and the Falkland Is. Gaertner saw specimens in the Banksian Herbarium with 3 carpels." 8. A. FUEGIANA Speg. Lax, cespitose, green. Petioles crowded, long-slender, arcuately spread- ing, glabrous, basi-amplexicaul, long-pectinate-laciniate, ciliate ; their limbs flat, triangular-cuneate, entire, truncate, 3-lobed or 3-toothed, the lobes ending in a cilium. Umbels long-peduncled. Magellan, S. Patagon., Rio Gallegos ; Lago Argentine ; Fuegia, Greg- ory Bay and S. Fuegia. 9. A. GLEBARIA (Comm. sub Bolax] A. Gray. (A. gummifera Franch. non Poir, A. ccespitosa Vahl). Bolax. Perennial, cespitose herb. Leaves imbricate, trifid, glabrous, coriaceous, the lobes ovate, obtuse ; petioles suberose-membranaceous, not marginally ciliate. Umbel simple, subsessile, 4-flowered. Involucral leaves 4, equal- ling the pedicels. Calyx-teeth obscure. Young fruit stellately pubescent. Patagon., from 41° S. southwards to Cape Horn. W. Patagon., Falk- lands. "Not common in the steppes, save southwards; but near the for- ests. It forms bolax or balsam-bogs inland, hemispherical hillocks of pale yellowish-green, so hard that one may break his knuckles on them. If the day be warm they emit a faint aromatic smell, and drops of a viscid white gum flow from them. They grow from the outward shoots, the very old ones decaying near the ground. One mass is the product of a single seed, and the result of many, perhaps hundreds of years' growth. In growing, branches radiate regularly outwards from the rooting center ; MACLOSKIE UMBELLIFER/E. 629 and fibrous radicles aid in nourishing the mass." (After J. D. Hooker.) Indian names in Patagonia, "Kethala" and "Gethem." The Indians use the resinous root as a masticatory, and roast and grind it into flour, taking it as food. IO. AZORELLA HOOKERIANA CIOS. Densely cespitose. Leaves closely imbricating, broader at the base, sheathing, spreading, subrecurved, linear, acute, entire, coriaceous. Sheath filamentose. Flowering itmbel short, sessile among the upper leaves. Calyx-tube pilose. Magellan, S. Fuegia, Ushuaia; San Sebastien. ii. A. HYDROCOTYLIFOLIA (Fielding & Gardn. sub Pozoa}. Stems nearly obsolete. Leaves radical, fasciculate, with long petioles, subreniform-orbicular, subpeltate, sinuose-dentate, 5-nerved. Scapes 1-7, twice as long as the leaves. Involucre large, i -leaved, many-toothed. Head about as long as involucre. (Chilian cordilleras) ; Patagon., Chubut, in swampy mountain meadows. 12. A. LYCOPODIOIDES Gaud. Cespitose. Stem branching, densely fasciculate. Leaves closely imbri- cate, rather erect, deeply trifid, the segments subulate, pungent. Petioles concave, broad, sheathing. Margins sharply ciliate-serrate. Umbels 3-4- flowered ; in fruit with strong peduncle. Involucral leaflets 2, broad-ovate, cymbiform, sharply incised-serrate. Pedicels very short. Calyx-limb 5- toothed. Fruit globose ; carpels smooth, dorsally convex, without costae. Falklands; Fuegia; rare in the steppes ; common in the mountains of the southern part of the mean-rainy forests (Dusen) ; W. Patagon. ; S. Pat- agon., pampas by Coy Inlet (O. A. Peterson) ; Ushuaia, by Hatcher. A. LYCOPODIOIDES COMPACTA Phil. Leaves crowded at top of the branches and spreading. Umbel i- flowered. Falklands. A. MORENONIS (= Mulinum morenonis Speg.). 13. A. PATAGONICA Speg. Densely cespitose-pulvinate perennial, but not compact. Leaves densely imbricate, rosulate at ends of branches ; their limbs fleshy-mem- 630 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. branaceous, elliptical or oblanceolate, obtuse, glabrous, gradually passing into a long basally dilated petiole, with chaffy hairs. Umbels subsessile ; involucre 5-6-cleft, 8-i2-flowered; pedicels as long as the fruit. Patagonia, rare in basaltic rocks by Rio Sta. Cruz, near Lago Argen- tino ; and by Carren-leofu. AZORELLA PATAGONICA COMPACTA Speg. Xerophil, having compact cushions ; leaves smaller, and more rigid than the species, and entire. Umbels sessile. Habit of A. cczspitosa Cav. S. Patagon., in rocks by Pan-de-Azucar, near Rio Sta. Cruz. 14. A. PLANTAGINEA Speg. Laxly cespitose perennial, with densely fasciculate leaves. Petioles long, all membranaceously dilated, glabrous or with marginal pectinate chaffy scales; limbs glabrous, obovate or oblanceolate, membranaceous, ob- tuse, entire, rarely obsoletely repandulous. Umbels acrogenous, nearly concealed by the leaves. Involucre multifid, glabrous or ciliolate ; flowers numerous on rather long pedicels. Patagon., mountains near Lago Traful. 15. A. RANUNCULUS d'Urv. (Schizeilema.) Glabrous. FIG. 78. Azorella ranunculus. — Leafage, and magnified flower and fruit. (From Flora antarctica.*) (Habitat of Hydrocotyle.} Falklands, by freshwater ; "Leaf-segments sometimes (Speg.) Stem creeping, nodose, rooting at the nodes. Leaves long-petioled (25 mm.), ro- tundate, 4~5-partite, the parts cuneate, trifid, subsegments rounded ; petioles sheathing at the base. Peduncles axillary, shorter than the petioles. Involucral leaves linear subu- late, longer than the pedicels, toothed on both sides. Umbel 3-5-flowered. Calyx- teeth obtuse. Fruit short, ovate, subterete, contracted at the commissure ; mericarps dor- sally convex and obtusely 3-ridged. (Fig. 78.) Staaten I.; Magellan; S. Fuegia. (Dusen.) linear, sometimes spatulate and dilated." MACLOSKIE : UMBELLIFERvE. 631 FIG. 79. Azorella sclago. — Leafy shoot (in centre), and magnified leaf, and fruit. (From Flora 1 6. AZORELLA SELAGO Hook. f. Densely cespitose. Stems fastigiate, often elongate, branching, often com- pact. Leaves closely imbricating, appressed, with cymbiform 3-nerved amplexicaul petiole ; the limb broad- coriaceous, concave, 3-7-cleft, long se- tose-ciliate on the inside ; its segments oblong, i -nerved, subacute, entire. Um- bel short-peduncled, 3-flowered, flow- ers pink ; invohicral leaves linear, sub- acute. Calyx-teeth acute. Fntit ovate, with long styles ; mericarps compressed on the slightly convex back, with 5 ridges; contracted at the commissure. (FJg- 79-) (The lamince of the leaves are gener- antarctica-~) ally broader than long, concave, with sparse, long hairs internally. Habit of A. glebaria.] (The most abundant plant in Kerguelen I.) W. Magellan at Puerto An- gosto reaching 400 m. altitude above the sea-level. Not rare in the mid and moist forest mountain regions of western Magellan. (Dusen.) Fuegia; Staaten I. A. SELAGO COMPACTA Albofif. More compact, with narrower columns. Leaf-segments triangular to lanceolate, acute, mucronulate. S. Fuegia, alpine above Ushuaia. A. SELAGO PULVINARIS Alboff. Densely cespitose, pulvinar, dwarf, scarcely 20-25 mm. high. Leaves minute to 3 mm. long. Otherwise as A. s. compacta. S. Fuegia, at Rio Grande on Beagle Channel. 17. A. TRIFURCATA (Gaertn.) Hook. Densely cespitose. Leaves closely imbricated, spreading, recurved, rigid, oblong, broad above, cleft into 3 subdivaricate, cuspidate lobes ; the base sheathing; the margins obscurely ciliate, with deciduous hairs.^ Umbel subsessile. Invohicral leaves small, subulate, subciliate. Fruit broad-ovate, subterete ; mericarps 5-costate, convex dorsal ly. Calyx ob- scurely toothed. 632 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. "Rather scarce" (J. D. Hooker); "common over the dry places of the steppes" (Dus6n). Magellan; Fuegia, at Lapataia and Ushuaia; S. Pat- agon., "In tufts on ground near Coy R., and in dense clumps on the plain. Forms good fuel." O. A. Peterson, Dec., 1896; W. Patagon. 1 8. AZORELLA UTRICULATA Griseb. Suffruticose, cespitose. Leaves imbricate, recurvedj their lamina shin- ing, trifid midway; the lobes linear, acute, mucronate, spreading, the margins recurved, canaliculate below. The sheaths dilated, ciliate. Umbel pedunculate. Involucral leaves 5-6, shortly lanceolate, obtuse, basi-connate. Pedicels as long as the peduncle, in fruit much exserted. Fruit smooth, shining, utricular, ovoid, obscurely tetragonal. Calyx-teeth short, at length separating from the mericarps; which are dorsally flat- tened, with 5 vittce on the filiform axis. Magellan. 4. ASTERISCIUM Cham. & Schl. Glabrous herbs, with erect, branching, few-leaved stems ; also petioled, palmately cut basal leaves. Umbels simple, the outer flowers male, the inner fertile and short-pediceled. Calyx-teeth prominent ; petals inflexed at apex. Style-base small. Fruit dorsally compressed, constricted at the narrow commissure. Species 8, Chili and Argentina. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 8, p. 134.) i. A. CHILENSE Cham. & Schl. Glabrous from a woody root, with several terete stems, sulcate-striate, 30 cm. high or more, naked above. Leaves petioled, cuneate, rounded, mucronate-dentate, 3-lobed. Peduncle canaliculate above, amplexicaul. Umbels simple, terminal, many-flowered, the involucral bracts about 10, as long as the pedicels of the central (fertile) flowers ; the marginal (ster- ile) flowers with long pedicels. Calyx-lobes round-ovate, acuminate, Petals twice as long, elliptical, emarginate. Fruit 4 mm., tetragonous- prismatic, 4-winged, crowned by the calyx-teeth. (Chili); N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. 2. A. FIMBRIATUM Speg. Glabrous. Root long, simple. Stem few-leaved ; leaves alternate, petiolate, suborbicular, denticulate-fimbriate, obscurely 5~7-nerved. In- volucral bracts 5, lanceolate, entire. Umbel simple or compound. MACLOSKIE I UMBELLIFER/E. 633 S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine; " pretty." 5. MULINUM Pers. Cespitose undershrubs, much branching, the branches covered by leaf- sheaths. Leaves 3-5-cleft, rigid, pungent, or 3~5-partite with obtuse segments. Umbels sessile or stalked, simple, many-flowered, Involucral bracts short, free or connate. Calyx-teeth conspicuous. Petals entire, obtuse. Disk broad, depressed. Fruit dorsally compressed the commis- sure narrow, biscutate. Mericarps dorsally plane or concave, marginally wing-formed, convex on the commissural face. Species 17, Chili, Argent., Patagon. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Leaves trifid. b. Leaf-segments linear, pungent. Umbels many-flowered, from upper axils ; flowers orange. leoninum. b2. Leaf-segments (of cauline leaves) subulate. Umbels 5-7 -rayed ; flowers yellow. prolifcrinn. £3. Leaf-segments subulate, spiny. Umbels subsessile, ending short branches, ulicinum. 64. Trifid-leaves cuneate, the segments plane-cuspidate. Umbel many-flowered on a short peduncle. cuneatum. £5. Trifid leaves imbricating. c. Leaves mid-size. Umbels subacrogenous, subsessile, few-flowered. Caudex woody. patagonicum. C2. Leaves small, from an ovate pericladium. Flower solitary, quasi-acrogenous. lycopodiopse. A2. Leaves trisect, subimbricate, recurved ; segments triangular-linear, obtuse. Umbels with 4- 6 small, yellow flowers. Dioecious. valcntini. A$. Leaves minute, 3-partite, imbricate ; the segments linear-lanceolate, bristle-tipped. Flowers yellow-red. Caudex woody. microphyllum. A^. Leaves 5 -parti te ; the segments lanceolate, pungent. Umbel 10-12 -flowered ; flowers orange. spinosum. A$. Leaves 3-5-palmi-partite, segments oblanceolate, mucronate. Umbels 2 o-flowered ; flowers white. morenonis. i. M. CUNEATUM Hook. & Arn. (Fragosa spinosa R. & P.) Leaves cuneate, trifid; their segments plane, cuspidate; their sheaths long, rigid, ciliate. Umbel briefly peduncled, many-flowered. (Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. 2. M. LEONINUM Lor. Aromatic. Root woody, multicipital. Leaves trifid, the segments linear, pungent ; the longer leaves 45 mm. long, the sheaths to 25 mm. 634 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. Umbels many-flowered, solitary on axillary peduncles from the upper leaves. Involucre many-leaved ; its leaves linear-lanceolate, connate at base, ciliate. Petals orange, broad elliptic, obtuse. N. Patagon. 3. MULINUM LYCOPODIOPSE Speg. Glabrous, compact, cespitose. Leaves erect, small, appressed, densely imbricate, trifid on an ovate pericladium, non-ciliate, entire. Flowers seemingly acrogenous, solitary. Peduncle short, 3-bracteolate. Fntit mid-size, ovate. S. Patagon.,. high rocks by Rio Chico and Lago Argentine. Differs from Asorella lycopodioides by the sheaths and petiole being non-serrate, and especially by the fruit. 4. M. MICROPHYLLUM Pers. (Cav.). Stem fruticose, 7 cm. high, covered by leaf-sheaths. Cauline leaves imbricate, minute, 3 partite, the lobes linear-lanceolate, ending in a bristle. Petioles amplexicaul, basally ciliate. Flowers yellowish-red when dry. Patagon., by Puerto Deseado. 5. M. MORENONIS (O. Ktze.) Speg. (Huanaca morenonis O. Ktze.) Stems short, with involute, wooly leaf-sheaths, scarcely 5 cm. high. Leaves glabrous, palmately 3~5-partite ; segments I cm. long, by i mm. wide, crass oblanceolate with a setiform mucro. Petiole 2 cm. long, the sheath i cm. broad. Peduncle solitary, subterminal, 8 cm. Inflorescence subumbelliform, 2O-flowered, simple. Bracts lanciform, involucrate, re- flexed. Petals white, ovate, acute. Calyx-teeth minute. Fmit? Patagon., at confluence of Rio Limay and Rio Neuquen ; along Carren- leofu. "Like tall forms of M. microphyllum (Pers.)," DC. 6. M. PATAGONICUM Speg. Cespitose from a woody caudex, glabrous. Leaves mid-size, erect, im- bricating, trifid ; the petioles slender broadening below in a pericladium. Umbels subacrogenous, few-flowered, subsessile. Involucral leaves 3-5, small. Fruits pyramidal-ovate, twice as long as the pedicels. N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi. 7- M. PROLIFERUM Pers. Root tortuose. Stem 7-10 cm. high. Cauline leaves trifid; their segments subulate. Petioles sheathing, glabrous. Umbels 5~7-flowered. MACLOSKIE: UMBELLIFER/E. 635 hwolucral leaves distinct, short, slightly spreading. Flowers yellow. (Perhaps a var. of M. spinosum. Is scarcely proliferous.) S. Patagon., Puerto Deseado ; Rio Sta. Cruz. 8. MULINUM SPINOSUM Pers. Stem 15 cm. high. Leaves 5-partite, the segments lanceolate, pungent; the petioles sheathing the base of the stem. Umbel io-i2-flowered. ///- volucral leaves distinct, short, spreading. Flowers orange. (Chilian Andes) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Gallegos, Nordenskj.; by Lago Nahuel-huapi (Dusen), and Rio Chubut. M. SPINOSUM TRIACANTHUM (GHs.) O. KtZC. Leaves trisect, i cm. long. Umbel more or less sessile. Patagon. M. SPINOSUM TRISPINESCENS O. Ktze. Leaves tripartite ; segment spiniform, usually longer. Umbel pe- duncled. (Argentine) ; Patagon. 9. M. ULICINUM Gill. & Hook. Glabrous, much branched, low, odoriferous. Leaves trifid; segments subulate, spiny. Umbels nearly sessile, terminating the very short branches, hwolucral leaves linear-subulate. Petals with an elevated median line. Fruit elliptic. (Chili); S. Patagon., by Hatcher near Rio Chico. IO. M. VALENTINI Speg. Cespitose, dioecious. Leaves subimbricate, recurved, spreading, rigid, trisect, the segments triangular-linear, obtuse, sulcate-nervous on upper surface ; petioles short. Umbels subacrogynous, having 4-6 small, yellow flowers. Patagon.; Chubut, near Trelew. 6. SANICULA Linn. Glabrous herbs, with palmately, 3-y-foliolate or pinnatifid leaves, and compound, few-rayed umbels, with leafy involucres and small tnvo/ncels. Calyx-teeth persisting ; petals obovate with an inflected point. Fruit sub- globose with hooked bristles or muricate. Oil-tubes 5. Species 20, N. temperate, and in S. Amer. and S. Africa. 636 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. i. SANICULA GRAVEOLENS Poepp. (5. macrorhiza Colla.) Leaves bipinnatipartite, very long petioles ; lower divisions petiolulate, deeply 3-5-pinnatifid, incised-toothed, the teeth cuspidate. Floral branches long, naked, simple or multifid to subumbellate. Umbellules 2-6, subsessile or long-stalked. Flowers 15-60, crowded, the outer sterile, subsessile, later pediceled ; the central female, sessile. (Chili); Chubut, in mountains near Carren-loefu. 2. S. PATAGONICA Speg. Low, green-glaucescent. Stems erect, 10 cm. high, subfastigiate, obso- letely subtrichotomous. Leaves 5-3-partite, segments petiolulate, obovate- cunjeate, once or twice tripartite ; lobes narrow, entire, mucronulate. Pe- duncle surpassing the petioles ; umbels 3~5-rayed ; the rays longer than the peduncle, and 3-flowered ; flowers with long slender pedicels. Invol- ticres and invohicels 3-o-leaved, the leaves linear. Achenes densely ver- ruculose-muricate. N. Patagon., at confluence of Rivers Limay and Neuquen. 7. ERYNGIUM Linn. Herbs, usually with spiny-toothed and lobed leaves, and densely bracted heads or spikes of small flowers. Calyx-teeth sharp. Petals erect, emar- ginate, without an inflected point. Fruit ovoid, scaly or tuberculate. Carpels nearly terete. Species 150, widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions, (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 8£, p. 136.) 1. E. AGAVIFOLIUM Griseb. Tall, thickish plant. Leaves parallel-nerved, over i meter long, 15 cm. broad, oblong-linear, acuminate, dentate-pinnatifid, the cauline semi- amplexicaul ; large and small teeth sometimes alternating. Heads ovoid- oblong, more than twice as long as the involucre. Involucral leaves 20. lanceolate-acuminate, entire, spreading or reflexed. Bractlets lanceolate- acuminate, pungent, twice as long as the flower. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. 2. E. CHUBUTENSE Neger. Stemless, root fibrillose, with long-petiolate (10 cm.), tufted, radical leaves; their segments lobed-toothed ; the lobes coarse or narrow, mucro- MACLOSKIE I UMBELLIFERyE. 637 nate ; the terminal segment large. Petiole flat. Upper leaves with shorter petioles, or subsessile, narrower. Scapes equalling the radical leaves, dichotomously dividing, with sessile heads in their forkings, the heads oblong or ovate, having entire, very narrow bracts exceeding them. Short, linear, pungent pales and sessile flowers. At Rawson, near mouth of Rio Chubut. (Dusen.) 3. ERYNGIUM EBRACTEATUM Lam. To 60 cm. high. Habit of Sangtiisorba. LeavesYmear, parallel-nerved, mostly with distinct ciliate setae. Stem trichotomous-corymbose. Pleads unarmed, cylindric. Involucral leaves and pales entire, shorter than the flowers. (S. Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, in islands and swamps. 4. E. HUMIFUSUM CIOS. Nearly stemless, cespitose, prostrate ; root fibrilliferous. Radical leaves petiolate, linear to linear-lanceolate, ciliate-spinose. Peduncles from roots, often with many equal petioles, or 2-3-times longer, divided. Bracts linear subulate, ciliate-spinose, exceeding the head. Pales smaller, ob- long, acute. Flowers sessile. At Bahia Blanca ; N. Patagon. ? 5. E. PANICULATUM Cav. & Domb. Stem nearly naked, having umbellate branches at its top, there i-j- headed. Leaves parallel-nerved, ciliate-spinose. Floral leaves very short. Involucral leaves 9-10, lanceolate, they and the pales entire. (Chili ; Brazil ; Bahia Blanca) ; N. Patagon. Called Sheta by the Araucanians. It is being exterminated from Buenos Aires, apparently by the competition of European thistles. 8. OSMORRHIZA Raf, 1818. (IVashingtonia Raf, 1818.) Roots fleshy. Leaves decompound. Umbels few-rayed. Involucre and involucel of few narrow bracts or none. Flowers white. Fruit narrow, linear or oblong-linear, attenuated at base. Carpel-ribs subequal. Species 13, Asia and N. and S. Amer. (Andes). i. O. BERTERII DC. (O. chilensis Hook. & Arn., Waskiiigtonia berterii.} Primary petioles often exceeding the leaves. Umbels triradiant ; wn- bellules 2-4, radiate ; pedicels very slender, 24 mm. long. Fruits cylin- drical. 638 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. Valdivia; Patagon.; Magellan, to Cape Horn. " In thickets over the steppe-land, and on land near the forests." 2. OSMORRHIZA CLAYTONI (Michx. sub Myrrhis], Wasliingtonia claytoni Britt, Osmorrkiza brevistylis DC.) Erect, widely branching above, pubescent. Style-base i mm. long, slender, conic, as broad as the fruit but only half as long. (Himalayas, Siberia, Eastern N. Amer.) ; by Hatcher in Cordilleras of S. Patagon., and at Punta Arenas. 9. CORIANDRUM Linn. Coriander. Annual, branching, glabrous herbs, with pinnately dissected leaves, the basal with ovate, and the cauline with linear ultimate segments. Umbels compound, few-radiate with no involucre, and with involucel of few fili- form bracts. Flowers white. Fruit with broad, obtuse, scarcely promi- nent secondary jugce. Species 2, Orient. C. SATIVUM Linn. Fruit subglobose (not twin). (Cultivated) ; Patagon. 10. OREOMYRRHIS Endl. Cespitose, with bi-tripinnate radical leaves, and short, thick peduncles bearing simple umbels with numerous involucral leaves and white flowers. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals ovate, mostly hairy outside. Fruit long- ovoid, contracted above. Species 6, S. Amer. and Mex., Austral., Tasman., and N. Zeal. i. O. ANDICOLA Endl. (Caldaria in DC. Prodr. Myrrhis in Kunth.) Stems cespitose, hirtellous; from a thick, fleshy, edible rootstock. Leaves tripinnatipartite, rough. Scapes scarcely twice as long as the leaves. Umbels io-12-flowered, fasciculate-crowded. Fruits oblong- obtuse ; the mericarps 5-costate. (Chili) ; Patagon. (?). (Same as the next?) 2. O. DAUCOIDES Endl. (sub Azorella, d'Urv. in DC. Prodr.). Leaves all radical, long, pinnatisect, their segments remote, opposite, shortly pinnatifid; subsegments alternate, acutely incised. Scapes short MACLOSKIE: UMBELLIFER/E. 639 (i cm.), hirsute. Umbel with 8-io-leaved involucre; 3-8-flowered. Leaves scarcely exceeding the scape. (Mex., Andes); Magellan, S. Fuegia; Falklands. ii. CONIUM Linn. Hemlock. Tall, glabrous biennials, with spotted stem, pinnately decompound leaves and many-rayed, compound umbels of small, white flowers. Involucres and involucels of ovate bracts. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals obcordate. Car- pels 5-ribbed, without vittae. Species 2, one African, and the following: C. MACULATUM Linn. Lower leaves petioled ; upper subsessile. Leaflets ovate in outline, the segments toothed-incised. Petioles dilated-sheathing. (Eurasia; naturalized in N. Am.); N. Patagon., garden-weed near Car- men de Patagones. Terribly poisonous. 12. APIUM Linn. Parsley. Glabrous herbs, with pinnately divided leaves, the segments incised and toothed, and white to yellowish flowers in compound umbels, with or without involucres. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals ovate ; their apex often inflected. Fruit laterally compressed, ovate, with prominent ribs, and vittee mostly i in each interval, also 2 facing the commissure. Species 20, nearly cosmopolitan, extratropically ; southward in S. Africa, Australia, Chili, and in Tristan. I. A. AUSTRALE P. Thou. Leaves bipinnatisect, their segments cuneiform. Branchlets whorled. Umbels sessile, crowded. (Argentina; Tristan); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. (Is it A. commersonii DC. ?) 2. A. CHILENSE Hook. & Arn. Stem subterete, scarcely angulate. Leaves patent, bipinnatisect; their lobes cuneate, subtrifid-incised, entire. Petals apically involute. (Subsp. of A. graveolens L.?) "Often prostrate in the south and always mild and wholesome." S. Chili to Magellan; S. Patagon., at Rio Coy (J. B. Hatcher); Killik Aike (Barnum Brown). 640 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. 3. APIUM COMMERSONII DC. Leaves pinnatisect, the segments multifid, with narrow linear acute laciniae. Petals denticulate, with inflexed tip. Styles rather long and divaricate. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz; Golfo de San Jorge. 4. A. GRAVEOLENS Linn. Celery. Basal and lower leaves long-petioled ; others short-petioled to subses- sile, the segments 3-5, broadly ovate to oval, toothed and incised, 12-16 mm. long. Umbels oppositifoliose and terminal, 3~7-rayed. Involucres and involucels small or none. Flowers minute, white, on short pedicels. Fruit oval, its ribs slightly winged. (Eur.; escaped in N. Amer., Chili; also in S. Africa, Tristan, and Tasmania); N. Patagon., at Lago Nahuel-huapi ; W. and S. Patagon., by Dusen & Speg.; abundant at Magellan; Fuegia, passim; Staaten I.; Falkands. 4. A. LEPTOPHYLLUM (DC.) F. Muell. (A. ammi Jacq., Urb.) Slender, much branched. Leaves ternately multisect, with capillary segments. Umbels oppositifoliose, 2-3-rayed, without an involucre. Pet- als entire, small. Stamens not protruding. Delicate Jlowers and small fruit. (Old World and Amer., chiefly in warm parts, also grown wild in Austral.); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. (Has been variously referred to Sison, Arethtisa and Helosciadium.} 5. A. PROSTRATUM Labill. (sub Petroselinum in DC. Prodr.). Stem procumbent, flexuose. Leaves pinnatisect ; the segments petiolu- late, pinnatifid; the subsegments 5-7, lanceolate, and apically trifid. Umbels subsessile, oppositifoliose; involucre about i -leaved. (Australia and Tasmania); Magellan? Edible. 6. A. RANUNCULIFOLIUM H. B. & K. Leaves subternatisect ; their segments obovate-cuneate, the lateral 5-lobed, the intermediate 3-partite ; subsegments 2-3-lobed. ("Apio-a-moron" ; Columbia and coal regions of New Granada); N. Patagon. MACLOSKIE: UMBELLIFER/E. 641 13. AMMI Linn. i Stout herbs, with striate stem and thrice-pinnatipartite leaves, and large many-rayed compound ^tmbels, with large, pinnatipartite involncral-leaves. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals white, unequal, obcordate, radiant, their apex notched and inflected. Fruit long, the mericarps at length slightly curved, 5-angled. Species 6-7, Mediterr. region to the Azores. (Fig. 'in Eng. and Prantl, iii, 8. p. 190.) A. VIZNAGA (L.) Lam. Annual or biennial. Stem terete, glabrous. Leaves decompound, their segments linear, cuspidate, divaricate. Rays of timbel at length contracted and indurate. (Mediterr. lands to Madeira); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 14. SIUM Linn. Marsh herbs, with pinnate stem-leaves ; the lower and the radical leaves often pinnatisect. Flowers white, in large compound umbels. Bracts of involucre and involucel numerous and narrow. Calyx-teeth visible. Petals with inflected apex. Styles short. Fruit oval, subcompressed, with prominent ribs, and 1-3 vittae in the intervals. Species 8, N. Temperate and S. Africa. (?) S. LATIFOLIUM Linn. Root creeping. Stem sulcate-angulate. Leaf-segments lanceolate- acuminate, unequal at the base, serrate, rarely pinnatifid. Calyx-teeth long. (Eur., in swamps); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, flowering but never fruiting in this region. 15. LIL^EOPSIS Greene. (Crantzia Nutt. 1819, non Scop. 1777.) Small, creeping, glabrous marsh-herbs, with hollow, linear, terete leaves, transversely nodose ; and simple umbels of white flowers, with minute calyx-teeth, and petals apically infolded. Carpophore not developed. Species i, viz: L. LINEATA Michx. Petioles linear-spatulate ; no leaf-blades. (Fig. 80.) (N. and S. Amer.; also in Austral, and New Zeal.); Patagon., by Rio Negro, and Rio Gallegos ; Magellan, at Gregory Bay ; S. Fuegia ; Falk- 642 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. FIG. 80. lands, abundant near streams leading from freshwater lagoons to the sea; usually buried in the gravel. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 8, p. 205, is inac- curate as to the leaves ; better in Britt. & Br., ii, p. 521.) 1 6. FCENICULUM Linn. Fennel. Erect, glabrous herbs, with pinnate- ly decompound leaves, having capil- lary segments, and compound umbels of yellow flowers without involucres. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals apically obtuse or retuse. /^////oblong-terete, ribbed, vittce solitary in the intervals, also 2 facing the commissure. Species 4, Old World. F. PIPERITUM DC. Leof-fabeS Subulate, Very short, rigid, fa[c^ Umbels with 8-io rays. (S. Eur. to Persia); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 17. LIGUSTICUM Linn. Lovage. Perennial, glabrous, usually branching herbs with aromatic roots, ter- nate leaves and large compound umbels of white flowers. Involucral bracts narrow, often deciduous; involucellar bracts linear. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Stylopodium conical. Fruit oblong-ovoid, not flat ; ribs promi- nent, with broad valleys intervening ; oil-tubes 2-6 in the valleys. Species 20, in Northern Hemisphere. L. PEUCEDANOIDES Presl. Leaves decompound, their segments linear. Umbels oppositifoliose. Rays wing-angled. Petals entire. (Chili); Patagon. 1 8. PASTINACA Linn. Parsnip. Erect, branching herbs with thick roots ; and the basal and lower stem- leaves pinnate, having ovate, lobed, and toothed segments. Compound Lilaopsis lineata. — The plant, nearly natural size; also magnified flower and fruit. (From Flora antarctica.} MACLOSKIE I CORNACE/E. 643 umbels or yellow flowers, having neither involucre nor involucels. Fruit dorsally flattened, with lateral wings. Species 14, Eurasia. PASTINACA SATIVA Linn. A meter high, root fleshy ; plant glabrous or slightly hairy. Umbel-rays 7-15, slender, the pedicels very slender. (Eur. and cultivated in U. S., naturalized); N. Patagon., islands in Rio Negro (escaped). 19. DAUCUS Linn. Carrot. Mostly hispid-pubescent herbs, with pinnately decompound, finely divided leaves, and compound umbels of white or reddish flowers, having involucres of pinnatipartite leafy bracts, and involucels of entire or toothed bracts. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals apically inflected, larger towards margin of the umbel. Fruit oblong, with barbed prickles on the winged secondary ribs. Species 25, widely dispersed. I. D. AUSTRALIS Poepp. Stem simple, hispid, the hairs in the lower part reflexed. Leaves bipin- natisect, hispid ; the segments many-cleft ; their lobules acute, short. In- volucre multifid, almost surmounting the dense few-rayed umbel. Prickles of fruit apically glochidiate. Flowers small, probably yellow ; whole plant also of yellowish hue. (Chili) ; S. Patagon. ; W. Patagon., on steppes and upwards in the Aysen Valley. (Dusen.) 2. D. PUSILLUS Michx. Stem retrorsely hispid at the base, scabrid upwards. Leaves bipinnati- sect, scabrous, the segments divided into linear subsegments. Involucral leaves pinnatifid, as long as the small umbel. Prickles of fruit as long as its breadth, apically glochidiate. (S. United States) ; N. Patagon., at confluence of Rivers Limay and Neuquen. Family 82. CORKAGES. Dogwood Family. Mostly woody plants, with simple penninerved exstipulate leaves, and flowers in the Patagonian species dicecious, racemed and 5-merous. Petals 644 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. and stamens inserted on a disk. Calyx adnate to the ovary, which is 3- celled, its cells i-ovulate. Fruit drupaceous, with long embryo in axis of fleshy endosperm. Species 85, most in N. Hemisphere. GRISELINIA Forst. Trees or shrubs, often epiphytic or climbing, glabrous, with thickish, round or angular branches, and rather long, leathery, entire, spiny-toothed or angled, alternate leaves, the petioles dilated at their base. Flowers dioecious, 5-merous, small, yellow-green or dark purplish, in smooth or hairy racemes or panicles ; bracts mostly small and deciduous ; male flowers with 5 petals and 5 stamens. Style 3-parted or 3 styles. Species 7, S. Amer. and N. Zeal. G. RUSCIFOLIA (Clos.) Taub. (sub Decostea, now a section of the genus, having apetalous female flowers). Leaves lanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the base, not entire, often api- cally 3-toothed with 3 principal, and also secondary veins. (S. Braz. ; Paraguay ; Chili) ; W. Patagon. (Fig. in Eng. and Prantl, iii, 7, p. 270.) * Family 83. ERICACEAE. Heath Family. Shrubs, or occasionally herbs, with simple, exstipulate leaves, and reg- ular, mostly sympetalous flowers, and mostly with hypogynous 5 (-4)" merous perianth. Stamens twice as many as the corolline divisions (or by abortion only as many), hypogynous or attached to the very base of the corolla-tube, the anthers 2-celled, opening by pores or by short slits, often bearing inferior appendages. Ovary several (3-10, mostly 5) -celled ; style i. Seeds with endosperm. Species 1,350, cosmopolitan. The true heaths (Ericoidece] are almost confined to Africa and the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of the Old World. Neither the heaths (Ericoideae) nor the Rhododendrons are represented in Patagonia. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Ovary superior, not adnate to the calyx. Fruit loculicidal. Anthers ending obtusely, or as short, erect-awned processes. MACLOSKIE : ERICACE/E. 645 b. Calyx at length enlarged and fleshy under and around the capsule. Anther-cells pointed or awned. I. Gaultluria, p. 645. b2. Calyx not changed after flowering. Fruit a globose berry. 2. Pernettya, p. 645. A2. Ovary inferior, adnate to the calyx. Stamens on the base of the corolla. Anthers mostly spurred, elongated with subterminal pores. 3. Vaccinium, p. 648. (Andromeda myr smites Lam., is Lebetanthus of Epacridacea. ) i. GAULTHERIA Hook. f. Shrubs, with alternate, evergreen leaves, and small axillary, 5-merous flowers, with urn- to bell-shaped corolla, lo-staminate at its base, and its lobes recurved. Anthers opening by a pore, mostly awned. Ovary 5- celled, enclosed in the fleshy calyx, forming a berry. Species 100, American, N. and S.; also in the Orient, and in the Him- alayas at elevations ; in S. E. Australia, Tasmania, and New Zeal. In Antarctic regions this genus and Pernettya replace the northern Arbutus. G. MICROPHYLLA Hook. f. (G. antarctica, Pernettya microphylla Gaud.) Low, branching, the branches slender setose. FIG. 81. Leaves broad ovate or oblong, obtuse, thickened on the margins, obscurely serrate. Pedicels short, fasciculate, i -flowered, recurved. Corolla globose, white. Berries red or white, with a pleasant aromatic taste. (Fig. 81.) Magellan ; Fuegia ; Staaten I., Falklands. 2. PERNETTYA Gaud. Gaultherta microphylla. Flow- Low, evergreen shrubs, with coriaceous, ovate- ering branch, with magnified floral lanceolate, usually serrate leaves, and small, organs, and (on right) stamen, and mostly solitary flowers nodding on long axillary '-a ove on pedicels having scale-like bracteoles. Calyx free from the ovary, scarcely enlarged in fruit. Corolla urn-shaped, shortly 5-lobed, lo-staminute at its base. Disk 10- or 5-lobed. Berry large, globular, seeds numerous. Species 26, most in the Andes ; with stragglers in Brazil, Tasmania, and New Zeal. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, i, p. 46.) KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Leaves lanceolate, spiny-serrate, small, crowded, flowers minute, on axillary pedicels. pannfolia. A2. Leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronate-acuminate, serrate. angustifolia. 646 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY. A$. Leaves linear-elliptical, thick. Racemes on branches. patagonica. A^.. Leaves narrow-ovate, mucronate -acuminate, serrate. mucronata. A$. Leaves oblong, acuminate both ways, apically spinose, obscurely serrate. Flowers many, mostly ending the branches. palena. A6. Leaves oblong, mucronate, entire. Peduncles i -flowered, axillary. philippiana. A-j. Leaves ovate, subentire, distichous. Pedicels i -flowered, axillary. b. Leaves petiolate, obtuse. Branches velvety to rusty. chubutcnsis. b2. Leaves subsessile, subacute, imbricate ; edges beveled. cinpetrifolia. A8. Leaves broad, broader downwards. .furens. i. PERNETTYA ANGUSTIFOLIA Lindl. Erect, branching, the branches minutely puberulous and angulate ; leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronate-acuminate, remote, serrate, glabrous, i -nerved. Pedicels axillary, solitary, i -flowered, half as long as the leaf; glabrous, naked ; bracteolate only at the very base. Leaves half as large as in P. phillyrecefolia^ and less rigid. Flowers yet smaller, and pedicels bursting from some bracteoles, for half their length, or more scaly and imbricate. (Chili, near Valdivia). Patagonia? " Like P. philippiana (Phil.) Speg., but the branches are not wandlike and the leaves are serrate." 2. P. CHUBUTENSIS Speg. Shrub, with sordid, ferruginously puberulent branches, the branchlets covered with golden velvet. Leaves distichous, ovate, shortly petioled, margins scarcely revolute, entire, apex obtuse ; rigid, but not coriaceous, dull pulverulent on the epiphyll, glabrous on the hypophyll. Flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, pediceled, puberulous. Patagon., Chubut, in rocky elevated shrubberies. FIG. 82. 3- P. EMPETRIFOLIA Gaudich. Cespitose-diffuse, much branching. Leaves sessile, dis- tichous, finely cartilaginous-serrulate, scarcely acute, im- bricate ; the pedicel longer, several-bracteolate, erect. Flow- ers white. Berries (of P. ptimila Hook.) "like berries of bilberry." (J. Ball.) (Fig. 82.) (Leaf-edges beveled rev- * olute— G. M.) Pernettya cm- /s chni) Fuegia to Cape Horn . Falklands. Prostrate petrifolia, slightly ' . reduced. stems sometimes 6 meters long. Both pink and white ber- ries ; also with cones representing diseased shoots caused by puncture of an insect. Bushels of the berries can be collected, and MACLOSKIE : ERICACE/E. 647 they are cooked as huckleberries. The leaves of Fuegian specimens are small and densely imbricated. S. Patagon., J. B. Hatcher (determined in Royal Gardens, Kew). PERNETTYA EMPETRIFOLIA LEUCOCARPA (DC.) (P. leucocarpa DC.) Probably a form of P. empetrifolia, having the pedicels shorter than the leaves. Magellan. P. EMPETRIFOLIA PUMILA (Hook). Low, leaves smaller, closely imbricating. Probably the same as P. empetrifolia. Magellan; Staaten Is. Fuegia (Wilkes Exped.). 4. P. FURENS Klotsch. Leaves broad-oval, broader downwards. (Peru) ; W. Patagon. (?). FIG. 83. Pernettya mucronat a , slightly reduced. 5. P. MUCRONATA (Linn, f.) Gaud. Erect, branching, glabrous; leaves narrow-ovate, serrate, mucronate-acuminate. (Fig. 83.) Patagon., Cabo Negro by Hatcher; Magellan; Fuegia passim, to Cape Horn. " One of the most abundant of Fue- gian plants ; having cones from insect-punctures, as P. em- petrifolia" (]. D. Hooker.) W. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi and Rio Aysen (Dusen) ; Fuegia (B. Brown). "Varying much in height and in the size and thickness of the leaves. Fruit red or black- ish, sweet or bitter, small or large, but always edible." (Speg.) 6. P. PALEN^E Phil. Branches slender. Leaves almost membranous, oblong, equally acu- minate both ways, yet the apex spinose-cuspidate, obscurely serrate. Flowers numerous on the ends of branches or on nearly capillary peduncles. At Rio Palena, in S. Chili ; S. Patagon. by Lago Argentine (Speg.) ; Chubut. 7. P. PARVIFOLIA Phil. Low shrub, much branching, cespitose, 20 cm. high. Leaves small, 7 mm. long, crowded, imbricating, lanceolate, spiny-serrate, carinate. 648 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. Peduncles axillary, equalling the leaf. Diam. of corolla scarcely 3 mm. Fruit? Magellan, near Punta Arenas. (P. serpyllifolia DC. with branchlets hispid, is Gaultheria micropliylla, fide Index Kew.) 8. PERNETTYA PATAGONICA Speg. Densely fastigiate-branching, glabrous. Leaves linear-elliptical, atten- uate both ways, scarcely denticulate, thickly coriaceous, only the primary nerve conspicuous, not mucronate. Flowers subracemose on the ends of the branches. Peduncles slender, about as long as the leaves, scarcely bracteolate at their base. S. Patagon., near Lago Argentine. 9. P. PHILIPPIANA (P. buxifolia Phil, non Mart. & Gal.). Speg. Leaves oblong-elliptical, mucronate, subentire, veinless on upper sur- face, 21 mm. long by 6 mm. broad. Branches wand-like. Peduncles i- flowered, axillary, not half as long as the leaf, twice as long as the corolla. (Chili, Cordillera of Nahuel-buta) ; S. Patagon.; elevated shrubberies near Lago Argentine. 3. VACCINIUM Linn. Blue-berry, Huckle-berry. Mostly branching shrubs, with alternate, often coriaceous leaves, and small flowers in racemes or clusters or solitary. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, persistent. Corolla 4-5-toothed, superior. Stamens 8-10, anthers opening by terminal pores or chinks. Ovary-cells several-ovu- late ; style simple, straight ; berry globular. Species 125, widely distributed. V. ULIGINOSUM Linn. 15-60 cm. high. Leaves glabrous, subsessile, pale underneath, ovate or oval, obtuse or retuse, basally narrowed, entire, finely veined, 10-25 mm. long. Flowers 2-4, or i, near the ends of the branches, shorter than the drooping pedicels, 4-5-merous, with ovoid or urn-shaped corolla. Anthers dorsally awned. Berry blue, with a bloom. (Eurasia and Canada.) MACLOSKIE : EPACRIDACE/E. 649 VACCINIUM ULIGINOSUM PATAGONICUM n. var. Low shrub, 15 cm., with smaller, crowded leaves, 6 mm. long. "With red edible berries" Cordilleras of S. Patagon., by J. B. Hatcher, Feb., 1897. Family 84. EPACRIDACE.E. As Ericacece ; but usually with i -celled anthers, and stamens isomerous with the coralline lobes, and often inserted in the corolla-tube. Sepals not united, but the South American genus has hypogynous stamens, with 2-celled anthers. Species 300, in S. Australia, Tasman., N. Zeal., with some species in New Caledonia, Himalaya to Malaya, Fiji, Hawaiia ; and in Patagonia and Fuegia. LEBETANTHUS Endl. Glabrous, subscandent undershrub, with small, distichous, evergreen leaves, ovate, acute, serrate ; and axillary short-pediceled, solitary flowers as long as the leaves. Calyx enclosed in large bracts. Corolla subcam- panulate. Stamens hypogynous ; their anthers 2-celled. Species 2, Antarctic Amer. Lebetanthus is closely related to Prionotes of Tasmania ; J. D. Hooker calls attention to the fact that they both affect a moist woody region, contrary to the habit of both Epacridacese and Ericaceae. i. L. AMERICANUS Endl. Leaves subsessile, coriaceous, subparasitical. (Figs, in Eng. & Prantl, iv, i, p. 72.) Patagon.; Staaten I.; W. Magellan, at Puerto Angusto (Dusen); Fuegia (Fuegian name Kapa). 2. L. MYRSINITES (Lam. sub Andromeda; Pernettya microphylla Gaud.). Prostrate, much branching, glabrous. Leaves short-petioled, ovate, acute, obtusely serrate, rusty, venulose underneath. Magellan; W. Patagon. 650 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. Family 85. PRIMULACE^:. Primrose Family. Herbs, with regular, usually sympetalous, 5-merous, inferior flowers, having mostly epipetalous stamens, as many as the corolline divisions and opposite them (sometimes also with an outer alternate series of staminal rudiments). Ovary superior (half-inferior in Samolus], i-celled and i- styled ; with free-central placenta. Seeds numerous, with endosperm. Species 350, in the Northern Hemisphere ; and a few in S. Africa, and S. Amer. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Ovary superior ; no staminal rudiments. b. Corolla-tubes imbricating. Flowers often in involucrate umbels. c\. Corolla-tube exceeding the calyx ; style slender. I. Primula, p. 650. c2. Corolla minute ; style short. 2. Androsace, p. 651. b2. Corolla minute ; its lobes contorted. Small plants ; leaves mostly opposite. c\. Fruit opening by valves. Corolla 5-lobed. 5. Asterolinum, p. 653. c2. Fruit circumscissile. Corolla 4~5-lobed. 6. Anagallis, p. 653. £3. Corolla exceeding the calyx, 5-6-partite. 4. Lysimachia, p. 652. A2. Ovary half-way adnate to calyx. Staminal rudiment mostly between the stamens. Style short. 3. Samolus, p. 652. i. PRIMULA Linn. Primrose. Scapose herbs, with basal leaves, and funnel- or salver-form corolla, its tube exceeding the calyx. Stamens 5, included. Ovary superior, glo- bose or ovoid. Style slender ; stigma capitate. Seeds numerous, peltate. Capsule 5-valved at summit. Species 150, mostly N. Temperate; a few in Java and Magellan. i. P. FARINOSA Linn. Leaves spatulate or oblong, 3-10 cm. long, tapering to a petiole, crenu- late, greenish above, white-mealy beneath. Scape much exceeding the leaves, bearing an umbel of pink or lilac, or whitish flowers, with an in- volucre of minute acute bracts. (Eurasia and Greenland to Canada.) P. FARINOSA MAGELLANICA (Lehm.) Hook. f. (P. magellanka Lehm.) More robust and its leaves more deeply toothed than in the arctic and European species. Leaves venous, ovate-lanceolate or rhomboid, gla- brous, crenate, subobtuse, mealy below. Sepals lanceolate, subobtuse, glandular-ciliate. Flowers white. MACLOSKIE: PRIMULACEVE. 651 Magellan ; Fuegia to Cape Horn, Falklands, by Hatcher in S. Patagon., near Rio Sta. Cruz. Not found in the Rain-forest zone, nor in the Andes. " The Falkland Is. specimens are more normal than those at Magellan or in Fuegia. The species is not found elsewhere in S. America, nor in N. America save in the Arctic regions and in the Mountains of Colorado. Thus it has passed a gap of many thousands of miles to reach the two stations of Magellan and the Falklands." 2. ANDROSACE Linn. Low herbs, with tufted, basal leaves, and terminal, involucratc, simple umbels of small, white or yellow flowers. Calyx 5-lobed ; stamens in- serted in the very short corolla-tube; filaments and anthers short. Stigma capitellate. Capsiile 5-valved. Species 50, chiefly European. (Figs. E, F, in Eng. & Prantl, iv, i, p. 109.) i. A. OCCIDENTALIS Pursh. Minutely pubescent, 20 mm. high, with root 25 mm. long. Acaules- cent, with slender root, and open rosulate circle of oblong-ovate or spatu- late, sessile leaves; and naked scapes bearing each an involucrate umbel of small, white or pink flowers. Calyx persistent, obpyramidal, 5-cari- nate, its 5 lobes twice as long as the ripe capsule. Corolla small, hya- line, its lobes truncate, notched. Involucral bracts resembling the basal leaves. (Mountains of Colorado to New Mexico); S. Patagon., at Coy Inlet, by J. B. Hatcher. There is a characteristic yellow band crossing the flowers on the dark-green involucre-leaves and the similarly colored calyx-seg- ments. (G. M.) 2. A. SEPTENTRIONALIS Linn. Stemless. Leaves rosulate, lance-ovate, denticulate, subciliate, vari- ously entire or toothed or pinnatifid, sometimes narrowing to a winged petiole. Scapes numerous, each many-flowered, the young pilose, after- wards glabrous. Involucre minute, its bracts lanceolate, acute. Pedicels long, filiform. Calyx campanulate, scarcely 5-cleft, with acuminate seg- ments. Corolla limb small, just exceeding the calyx, its lobes obtuse. (Eurasia, mountains and Arctic; N. Amer., Arctic and North-west); S. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge. 652 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. 3. SAMOLUS Linn. Brook-weed. Glabrous perennials, with entire, alternate or rosulate leaves, and small white or purplish, perigynous /lowers, mostly racemed. Stamens nearly always with 5 intermediate rudiments. Species 10, widely distributed, especially in S. Africa and Australia; few in N. Amer., W. Indies, S. Amer. and N. Zeal. S. valerandi Linn., is almost cosmopolitan in temperate climates. i. S. LITTORALIS Brown. Stem branching, the branches procumbent, leafy. Leaves spatulate- ovate to lance-linear, decreasing upwards, submucronate, entire, the lower slightly petioled. Flowers axillary at the ends of the branches ; pedicels bractless, inflexed, twice as long as the leaf. Calyx half as long as the corolla, its segments narrow, acuminate. (Austral., New Zeal.; Chili; Chonos Archip.); Patagon., Cape Tres Montes. 2. S. SPATHULATUS (Cav.) Duby. (Plate XXI.) Leaves radical, rosulate, spatulate, terminally very broad and obtuse, or nearly obcordate. Flowers racemose, with a linear, acute bractlet close to each flower. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Staminal rudiments subulate, shorter than the included stamens. S. Patagon., by Puerto Deseado, in moist localities; at Gregory Bay; by Hatcher in Valley of Rio Sta. Cruz, flowering Jan. 10. Fuegia. 4. LYSIMACHIA Linn. Loosestrife. Erect or creeping herbs, with opposite or alternate or whorled leaves, and axillary or terminal inflorescences. Calyx and corolla 5-6-partite, hypogynous. Stamens 5-6, on base of corolla-tube, the filaments bearded and often uniting below, and anthers obtuse ; sometimes with staminodes. Capsule subglobular, not circumscissile. Style filiform, with obtuse stigma. Seeds few or many, half-anatropous. Species 60, chiefly in temperate regions ; some in Australia, S. Amer., and Polynesia. I. L. MARGINATA n. S. (Fig. 84.) Dwarf annual, with long, filiform roots and short stems, bearing alter- nate subsessile, entire, elliptical, glabrous leaves, 5 by 4 mm., subcus- MACLOSKIE : PRIMULACE^. 653 pidatc, the leaf-nerves branching from the mid- FlG- 84- rib, and reuniting submarginally, so as to produce a veinless margin, */2 mm. broad. Flowers soli- tary in the axils, on short pedicels ; sepals ovate- lanceolate, pale-greenish, imbricate ; petals larger, 7-vejned, pinkish. Stamens 5, inserted on base of petals, cohering in a column half-way up, antipetalous, anthers connivent. Filaments with yellow-stalked glands at base. Ovary superior, globular; style i, 3 mm. long, unbranched, trun- , ^ , Lysimachia marrinata. — Leaf cated. Ovules numerous, on free central placenta. and flower> x I2 S. Patagon., byj. B. Hatcher. 5. ASTEROLINUM Link. & Hoffmans. Small annuals with opposite leaves, and minute flowers, solitary on axillary peduncles. Calyx-segments awned-mucronate, exceeding the convolute corolla-lobes. Capsule globose, valved. Seeds few. Species 5, Mediterranean Region and South America. A. SERPYLLIFOLIUM (Poir) Ball. Stem erect, much branching. Leaves lanceolate, acute. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. (S. Europe, Argentine) ; N. and S. Patagon. 6. ANAGALLIS Linn. Weather-glass. Branching, mostly glabrous herbs, with mostly opposite, sessile or sub- sessile, entire or subentire leaves, and small, axillary, peduncled 5-merous flowers. Corolla rotate, exceeding the calyx. Capsule globose, circum- scissile Species 15, Eurasian; i introduced to N. Amer. I. A. ALTERNIFOLIA Cav. Stem stoloniferous, creeping, much branching, leafy. Leaves alternate, thick, ovate-lanceolate, attenuate both ways, glabrous, acute or mucronate, crowded, sessile, or the lower subpetiolate. Peduncles slender, erect, as long as the leaves. Corolline-segments lanceolate, obtuse, twice as long as the calyx. Filaments bearded below. Capsule half as long as the calyx. (Chili) ; Chubut, swampy meadows ; Staaten Is. 654 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY. ANAGALLIS ALTERNIFOLIA DENSIFOLIA. Leaves and stem smaller and more crowded than in the species. More succulent. Capsule larger. Magellan, Staaten Is. ; Falklands. Family 86. PLUMBAGINACE^;. Leadwort Family. Herbs, with regular 5-merous, sympetalous or choripetalous flowers; stamens equal and opposite to the lobes of the corolla ; ovary superior, i -celled, 5~3-styled. Fruit with one pendulous seed on a long funicle arising from the base. Seed endospermous. The priorities compel us, following Britton & Brown, to include under the genus Statice forms with unbranched scapes, hairy styles and narrow leaves, reducing Armeria to its original status as a specific name ; and Limonium as a genus will include the forms with branched scape, smooth styles, and broad leaves. i. STATICE Linn., 1753. (Armeria W., 1809, in Gray's Manual, in Benth. & Hook, and in Eng. & Prantl.) Seapink, Thrift. Tufted, fleshy herbs, with slender, mostly naked, simple scapes, with narrow, basal, rosulate leaves, and dense, terminal heads of small, subses- sile flowers, having scarious bracts and bractlets ; the lower bracts form- ing an involucre, 2 of them reflexed and partly united. Calyx funnelform, lo-ribbed, 5-toothed. Petals 5, separate or connate. Stamens on the base of the petals. Styles filiform, hairy, united below. Utricle 5-pointed. Species 20, Europe, and around the Mediterr. and N. and S. Amer. i. S. ARMERIA Linn. (Armeria vulgaris^N., A. andina Poepp.) Glabrous. The root sending up few, very turgid, leafy-sheathed rosules ; leaves fleshy, linear, as broad as the scape, or broader, plane, obtuse, i -nerved. Scapes tall, thick. Involucral leaves broad, black, the lowest triangular-lanceolate, acute often equalling the inner, which are obtuse and broadly margined. (Calif, and higher Chilian Andes) ; Magellan., Port Famine ; S. Patagon. by J. B. Hatcher at Rio Sta. Cruz, Dec. 30, 1896 (the involucral leaves light brown) ; by O. A. Peterson at Rio Coy, Dec. 13. MACLOSKIE I PLUMBAGINACEyE. 655 2. STATICE BELLA (Alboff. sub Armeria}. Cespitose, 5-10 cm. high. Rhizome vertical, multicipital ; the stem- bases amid dead leaves. Leaves narrower than the scape, i -nerved, dilated at base, glabrous or subciliolate. Scapes low, one and one half as high as the leaves, pubescent. Heads elegant, red, variegated with gold and white. Involucre red, its outer bracts obtuse, inner bracts longer and gold-edged. Calyx obconical, pilose on nerves. Corolla segments lance- olate-spatulate or oblong. Heads spherical. Fuegia, alpine above Ushuaia. 3. S. CHILENSIS (Boiss. sub Armeria}. (S. cespitosa Poir.) With many heads; sheaths of dead leaves crowding at base. Leaves linear-setaceous, narrower than the tall, slender scape ; flexuose, i -nerved, striate when dry, usually glabrous. Involucral leaves scarious, pale brown, the lowest narrow, acute. (Chilian Mts.) ; Chubut; S. Patagon., by O. A. Peterson, on pampas by Coy Inlet, Nov. 13; by J. B. Hatcher at Cabo Negro, Jan. 13. (Non- puberulous.) S. CHILENSIS MAGELLANICA (Boiss). Puberulous. Patagon., at mouth of Rio Chubut; valley of Rio Gallegos (Nor- denskj.) ; W. Patagon., by Rio Aysen and Lago Nahuel-huapi (Dusen) ; Magellan ; Fuegia to Cape Horn ; Staaten Is. Most of the genus in the Magellan lands belong to this variety. 4. S. MACLOVIANA (Cham, sub Armeria]. Glabrous ; the root producing a few leafy-sheathed rosules, leaves fleshy, linear, as broad as the scape, plane, obtuse, i -nerved. Scape low, thick- ish, outer involucral leaves very broad, herbaceous, triangular-ovate ; inner ones rounded, broad-scarious. Falklands (referred to Statice armeria by Hooker f., which is unknown in Antarctic Amer.) ; S. Patagon., at Coy Inlet (Peterson) ; Killik Aike (B. Brown, Dec. 25, 1899.) 5 S. PATAGONICA (Phil.). Cespitose. Leaves hirtellate, shorter and narrower than the rather long scape. Involucral leaves membranous, red ; the lowest ovate, sub- 656 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. mucronate ; the others generally orbicular, muticous. Calyx-teeth triangu- lar, cuspidate ; calyx-ribs long-hirsute. Height 17 cm. Leaves to 8 cm. by i mm. S. Patagon., by Bahia Grande. 2. LIMONIUM Adans., 1763. (Statice Willd., 1798, and Benth. & Hook, etc.) Herbs, mostly with flat, basal leaves ; and minute flowers in i-3-flowered, bracted sfikelets, arranged in paniculate, i -sided, branching scapes. Calyx usually lo-ribbed, 5-toothed. Petals 5, clawed ; stamens adnate to their base. Fruit indehiscent, or with a lid, or dehiscing irregularly. Styles distinct ; stigma bare. Species 120, cosmopolitan. i. L. BRASILIENSE (Boiss. sub Statice] O. Ktze. Glabrous Leaves oblong, i -nerved, obtuse or retuse, attenuate-petio- late. Scape tall, fistular, paniculately branching. Bracts red-margined, carinate, mucronate. (S. Brazil.) L. BRASILIENSE ANTARCTICUM BoisS. Low and corymbose ; bracts shorter than in the normal species, obtuse. N. Patagon., in salt-marshes. "Guaicuru" of the natives who make from its roots a red decoction, using it as medicine for the blood. (J. Ball.) 2. L. PATAGONICUM (Speg. sub Statice). Perennial, with a woody caudex. Leaves lanceolate or obovate, long- petiolate, thickish. Scapes terete below, simple, corymbosely branching above, 15-20 cm. high. Branchlets slender, straight. Spikelets 2- flowered, 1-2 cm. long, lax, shorter than the broad, membranaceous, lower bracts. Calyx-tube with 5 hispid ribs ; its limb pale-lilac. Patagon., salt marshes by Rio Sta. Cruz and Rio Salado, near San Julien. Family 87. SAPOTACE^:. Trees and shrubs, with milky juice and usually alternate, exstipulate, petiolate, simple, entire leaves, pinnately-veined ; and rather small, axillary, hermaphrodite, regular flowers. Calyx 2 + 2, or 3 + 3-merous, imbricate, MACLOSKIE I OLEACE/E. 657 slightly connate. Corolla sympetalous, hypogynous, its lobes as many as of the calyx, imbricating, often appendaged. Stamens 2-3-whorled, in- serted on the corolla-tube, the outer whorl often more or less abortive, or wanting. Ovary with as many cells as the corolla-lobes, each i-seeded. Fruit usually a berry. Species 325, chiefly in tropical countries (including Giittaperclia, the Cow-tree, and others of economic interest). POUTERIA Aublet. Trees or shrubs, with often short-petioled, small, fascicled leaves, the nerves curving inside the margin. Calyx-leaves 2 + 2, decussate. Corolla with 4 rounded lobes and a tube twice their length. Stamens 4, inserted in the corolla-tube, opposite the corolla lobes ; and also intermediate ob- long staminodes. Ovary hairy, 4-2-celled, with simple style, becoming a hairy or glabrous capsule. P. SPLENDENS (DC. Sub Leaves nearly opposite, or alternate, elliptical, obtuse at both ends, edges revolute, upper surface glabrous, lower silky. Pedicels as long as the petioles, exceeding the flowers. Calyx-leaves rusty-velvety, the outer pair broader. Cetera desunt. Patagon. Family 88. OLEACE^;. Olive Family. Usually shrubs or trees, with opposite, exstipulate leaves (pinnate or simple) ; and regular, sympetalous, 4-merous, rarely 5-6-merous, flowers (sometimes apetalous) ; with 2 epipetalous stamens and a superior, 2- celled, mostly few-seeded ovary. Seeds usually with endosperm. Species 500, widely distributed in trop. and temp, regions. MENODORA Humb. & Bonp. Herbs or undershrubs, with calyx 5-i5~lobed ; corolla broad, 5-6-lobed, and ovary on a fleshy gynobase, becoming a circumscissile capsule. Sta- mens 2, rarely 3. Placenta on septum. Species 15, N. W. Amer. southwards through Mex. and the Andes ; 2 sp. in S. Africa. (Fig. in Eng. and Prantl, iv, 2, p. 15.) 658 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. i. MENODORA ROBUSTA (Benth.) A. Gray. Calyx 5-6 lobed, its lobes triangular, half as long as the tube. Corolla campanulate or funnelform, lobes acutish. Filaments filiform, as long as the corolla ; anthers muticous. Cells of fruit 2-seeded. Patagon., at Rawson. " A low, half-meter high, very dense, branching and spinose, almost leafless weed ; with abundant bright yellow flowers." (Dusen.) 2. M. TRIFIDA Cham. & Schl. Leaves linear; trisect-pinnatifid or most of them entire; their margin and the angles of the slender branches scabrid. Flowers rather rare, capsule scarcely exceeding the height of the calyx, circumscissile. (Brazil; Argentina) ; N. Patagon.; near Rio Negro. Family 89. LOGANIACE.E. Herbs, shrubs or trees, with opposite, entire, stipulate leaves (or with a stipular membrane or line) ; and 4-5-merous, sympetalous flowers, stamens as many as and alternate with the corolla-lobes, epipetalous ; ovary supe- rior, 2- (rarely 3-5-) celled; style i, stigmas distinct, or united below. Seeds several ; with large endosperm. Species 400, chiefly in warm countries. KEY TO THE GENERA. 1. Fruit a septicidal capsule. Cymes dense or globose. Plants stellately-tomentose. 1. Buddleia, p. 658. 2. Fruit a berry. Flowers large, solitary. Glabrous, with spiny-toothed leaves. 2. Desfoiitainca, p. 659. i. BUDDLEIA Linn. (Buddlea.} Mostly stellate-tomentose trees or shrubs, with axillary or terminal cymes or heads of 4-merous flowers. Capsule septicidally 2-val ved. Species 70, chiefly in S. Amer. ; some in S. Afr. and S. Asia. (Figs, in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 2, p. 47.) i. B. GLOBOSA Lam. Shrub 3 m. high, rusty tomentose, with shortly petioled leaves, 8-10 cm. long, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, crenulate, basally nar- MACLOSKIE : LOGANIACE/E. 659 rowed, upper surface glabrous, rugose. Heads globose, orange, as large as a cherry, densely many-flowered, in long-peduncled, terminal racemes. (Chilian Andes) ; Patagon., Chubut. 2. BUDDLEIA INTERMEDIA Lorentz. Tomentum rusty. Branches tetragonal. Leaves oblong, acuminate both ways, serrate, pilose above. Inflorescence terminal; its branches short, spreading ; glomerules sessile. (Mexico) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 3. B. LUC/E Nied. Shrub, with many small, densely intricate branches. Leaves numerous, decussate; oblong or lanceolate or elliptical, entire; small, to 14 mm. long by 2-4 mm. broad; stellately hairy on midrib below. Flowers 1-3, in axils. Cetera? N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 4. B. NAPPII Lorentz. Shrub nearly 2 meters high. With globose heads, each on the apex of a long peduncle. Leaves white-woolly on both surfaces; crowded chiefly at the apex of the branches; 'lanceolate, alternate near the apex; entire or subcrenate, sessile ; large, 5 by i cm. Wool of 4-rayed stellate hairs. N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. 2. DESFONTAINEA Ruiz & Pav. Glabrous shrub, with spinose-toothed leaves, as of Holly, and showy- pink, pedundcd flowers, solitary at the ends of the branches, or in dichot- omies. Seeds numerous, on a.yi\\Q placenta* ; fruit a berry. The only species. D. SPINOZA Ruiz & Pav. Flowers tubular, scarlet (often pierced by a species of insect Bombus). (Andes from new Granada southwards); E. and W. Magellan; Deso- lation I., at Puerto Angosto ; Staaten I. (Fig. A-C in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 2, p. 49. A puzzling form, referred by botanists to various families.) 660 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. Family 90. GENTIANACE^. Gentian Family. Glabrous herbs, with opposite, rarely alternate, or whorled, entire, exstipnlatc leaves, and variously cymose, 4-5-merous, sympetalous flowers; stamens as many as, and alternate with the corolline divisions, epipetalous. Ovary superior, i- (or partly 2-) celled, with 2 placenta, and many endo- spermous seeds. Species 600, chiefly of temperate regions. KEY TO THE GENERA. 1. Flowers not large, cymose or spicate. Calyx-lobes narrow, long. Corolla salverform. Anthers twisting when old. Style filiform. I. Erytlircea p. 660. 2. Flowers rather large. Calyx-lobes not divided half-way. Corolla funnel- to bell-form. Anthers straight. Style short, persisting. 2. Gentiana p. 660. i. ERYTHR^EA Neck. Centaury. Flowers small or mid-sized, numerous in cymes or spikes. Calyx-lobes narrow, long. Corolla salverform, pink to yellowish. Anthers twisting when old. Style filiform, deciduous. Species 25; in Eurasia, and W. of America. E. CHILENSIS Pers. Stem slender, ascending or erect. Leaves various ; the lower oblong, more or less long, acute ; the upper linear, narrowed both ways, obtusish. Panicle frequently dichotomous, lax. Flowers long pediceled, remote from the leaves. Corolla 5-4-cleft, its tube as long as the calyx ; its lobes elliptic, oblong, obtuse. Capsule i -celled. (Common in Chili, in grassy places ; and near Buenos Aires) ; probably in N. Patagon. 2. GENTIANA Linn. Gentian. Erect, with calyx 5-, rarely 4-cleft, not divided down to the middle ; corolla tubular to funnelform, occasionally with extra lobes in the angles. Anthers remaining straight. Style usually short and persisting. Flowers mostly blue or purple to white ; rarely yellow. Species 300, cosmopolitan, abounding in mountains of the N. Tem- perate zone and on the Andes ; also in the Arctic regions, in South Aus- tralia, Tasmania, and New Zealand and Patagonia. MACLOSKIE I GENTIANACE^E. 66 1 The American species belong chiefly to the section Gentianella, which has sepals imbricately connate below, without intracalycine membrane; calyx-tube not unilaterally divided; corolla with 1-2 nectaries for each petal, often fringed at its throat, and with 5-7-9 veins for 1 L 1 FlG. 85. each petal. i. GENTIANA MAGELLANICA Gaud. Stem rather strict, sparsely branching, angled. Cyme lax, corymb-like. Leaves subcoriaceous, oblong-spatulate, margin rough, upper leaves acutish, lower obtuse. Calyx deeply 4-cleft, its lobes ovate, acute, nearly equaling the corolla. Corolla-lobes 4, oblong, obtuse, erect. S. Patagon., by Rivers Gallegos and Sta. Cruz. ; Magel- lan, annual in S. Fuegia and Falklands. 2. G. PATAGONICA Griseb. Stem rather strict, branching, angled. Cymes lax, race- miform. Leaves subcoriaceous, elliptic-oblong and spatu- late-obtuse, margin smooth. Calyx 4-cleft, its lobes ovate, acute, half as long as the corolla-lobes. Corolla blue? slender, salverform ; its lobes ovate-oblong, subacute, equalling the tube. (Fig. 85.) Magellan ; Fuegia, passim. ; in steppes by the moderate rainy-forest region. S. Patagon., by Hatcher in low, wet ground near Rio Sta. Cruz, Jan. 9. The flowers of the Hatcher forms are yellowish-purple, and 4- and 5-merous in the same inflorescence. A more slender form, got by Hatcher on the Cordilleras of S. Patagon., has the corolla narrower, and the stems more sharply angled (see var. gracilis below). "I cannot distinguish G. patagonica and G. magel- and magnified fruit. lanica; an opinion which Grisebach seems to have held." r arctica.} (rrancnet.) ' ' G. patagonica differs from the Tasmanian and New Zealand G. mon- tana Forst, only by rather broader and more obtuse segments of the less deeply divided calyx." (J. D. Hooker.) Gentiana pata- gonica. — Flower, nearly natural size, 662 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. GENTIANA PATAGONICA DARWINII Griseb. Corolla rotate, 5-partite. Magellan, J. D. Hooker can hardly consider it even a variety. G. PATAGONICA GRACILIS Alboff. More slender, less branching, with membranaceous leaves; few- to i -flowered, low. Patagon.; E. and S. Fuegia, Valley of Olivaia; Navarin I.; "Also a low, i -flowered form, scarcely 6 cm. high," at Olivaia. 3. G. PROSTRATA Haenkc. Annual. Stem loosely branching at the base. Branches i -flowered. Leaves oval-spatulate, recurved-obtuse, muticous, smooth-margined. Calyx-teeth 5, erect, ovate-lanceolate, acutish, shorter than the slightly enlarged corolla-tube. Corolla blue, its tube twice as long as its ovate lobes; its folds often half as long as the lobes. Style short. Capsule oblong, rounded above the basal stipe. (Mountains of Eurasia; Arctic regions and Rocky Mts.); Magellan. Sometimes very small, 12 mm. high to 20 cm.; in S. part of the Fuegian steppe. (Dusen.) "A most extraordinary range; in Southern Europe the Carinthian Alps, 6,000-7,000 feet high; in Asia on the Altai Mts., N. Lat. 52°; in the Rocky Mts. at 52° N., to the height of 15,000-16,000 feet; on the East side of the Andes of South America at 35° S.; and at Sea-level at Cape Negro and Magellan; and in Behring Strait, Lat. 68^° N." (J. D. Hooker.) 4. G. SEDIFOLIA H. B. & K. Perennial. Stems cespitose, subramose, the fertile i -flowered. Leaves lanceolate, acute, muticous, the margin smooth, equal. Flowers 5-mer- ous. Calyx-leaves lanceolate, acuminate, equalling the gradually enlarg- ing corolla-tube. Corolla funnel-form, blue, its lobes oblong, half as long as its tube, its folds rounded equalling the lobes. Capsule ovate-oblong, stipitate. Andes of Peru, above 1,000 meters elevation. G. SEDIFOLIA MICRANTHA Wedd. S. Fuegia, Ushuaia. MACLOSKIE I ASCLEPIADACE/E. 663 Family 91. APOCYNACE^E. Dogbane Family. Plants usually with milky juice, simple exst^p^tlate leaves, and regular 5-merous, sympetalous flowers with inferior perianth, and 5 epipetalous stamens, alternating with the corolline divisions. Ovary, of 2 distinct carpels, or syncarpous and 2-1 -celled. Fruit of 2 follicles or drupes. Seeds often comose, with sparing endosperm. Species exceeding 1,000, chiefly tropical. GRISEBACHIELLA Lorentz. Flowers axillary, solitary. Calyx hard, thick, persistent, deeply 5- partite, the parts connate at base, concave, obtuse, externally pubescent or subglabrous. Glands in base of calyx lobes. G. HIERONYMI Lorentz. Woody shrub, scarcely i meter high ; branching, flexuose or angulose, old branches glabrous, terete. Leaves decussate, ovate, acuminate, i- nerved, acute, glabrous, rigid, coriaceous, yellow-green, caducous, 12 by 6 mm. Petiole 2 mm. Flowers very small, on a very short peduncle, with a minute bract, deflexed. N. Patagon. (Roca Expedition to Rio Negro. Quid? Eng. & Prantl, iv, 2, 189). Family 92. ASCLEPIADACE^E. Milkweed Family. Herbs or shrubs, with milky juice, and mostly Opposite, exstipulatc leaves. Flowers 5-merous, regular, sympetalous, with a 5-parted crown inside the corolla. Stamens 5, epipetalous, and alternating with the corol- line divisions ; anthers connivent around discoid, united stigmas, or synan- therous ; the pollen cohering in waxy masses. Ovary superior, with 2 carpels and styles, united by the stigma. Seeds plumose ; with scanty endosperm. Species nearly 2,000, widely distributed, especially in warm climates. KEY TO THE GENERA. (The Patagonian genera all have the pollen in 2 wax-like masses, hanging by transfer-organs.) A. Crown none. Corolla divided more than half-way. Stigma elongating to 2 filiform branches. I. Mitostigma, p. 664. A2. Crown ringform, fastened to the throat of the rotate or campanulate corolla. Gynostegium subsessile. Corolla smooth inside. Shrubs or half shrubs. 2. Turrigera, p. 664. AT, . Crown fastened on the gynostegium, its tips free, or only basally united. Corolla val vate in the bud. 664 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY. b. Corolla-tips valvate. Crown-tips cap-like, not spurred, but with horns in the caps. Transfer-organs small. Upright weeds. 3. Asclcpias, p. 664. b2. Corolla-tips imbricating towards the right. Crown-tips flat. Stigma conical, rostrate, 2-partite. Flowers not exceeding I cm. in diameter. Winding shrubs or half shrubs. 4. Melinia, p. 665. 1. MITOSTIGMA Dene. Tomentose, fruticulose plants, with winding branches and large, cordate leaves, with mid-sized fawers in branching, unilateral cymes. Calyx-leaves small, acute, with alternate glands. Pollen masses pendulous. Corolla rotate-campanulate, its small lobes often hairy internally. Crown none. Gynostegium (hood) small ; stigma flat, with 2 styliform branches. Follicles thick, pointed, woolly. Species 4, Argentina. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 2, p. 223, K.) M. CORDIFOLIUM (Phil, sub Astephanus] Fourn. Stem twining, hollow, puberulous. Leaves deeply cordate-ovate, acute, 3 by 2 cm., with petioles i cm. long. Peduncles axillary, subumbellately 2-4-flowered. Corolla whitish, subrotate, i cm. diam., externally hairy. Chili and Patagon. 2. TURRIGERA Dene. Twining, hairy undershrubs, with small or mid-sized flowers in an axil- lary, racemose cyme. Calyx 5-partite, the divisions acute. Corolla 5- lobed, the lobes dextrorsely overlapping. Crown campanulate, affixed on top of the corolla-tube, 5 or lo-lobed. One pollen-mass in each pollen- sac. Stigma long-rostrate. Species 2, in extra-tropical S. Amer., viz. : T. INCONSPICUA Dene. Leaves linear, glabrous, subsessile. Pedimcles very short, 3-4-flowered. Crown lo-lobed. (S. Brazil) ; Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge. T. LESSONII K. Sch. Crown 5-lobed. Chili. 3. ASCLEPIAS Linn. Leaves entire ; flowers in axillary or terminal umbels. Corona of 5 concave hoods, each enclosing an incurved horn. Pollen-masses pendu- lous on caulicles. Follicles thick, acuminate. Seeds comose. Species 85, mostly American. MACLOSKIE I CONVOLVULACE/E. 665 ASCLEPIAS CAMPESTRIS Dene. Roots fibrous ; stem simple or branching, flexuose, bifariously pubescent, compressed. Leaves oval or elliptic-ovate, acute, short-petioled, glabrate. Peduncles extra-axillary, short, with pubescent pedicels in many-flowered umbels. Corolla-segments ovate-acute ; hoods ovate-oblong, with rounded margins and acute, falciform processes. (Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 4. MELINIA Dene. Twining undershrubs, with opposite, cordate leaves, and small flowers in a few-flowered, peduncled, axillary umbel. Crown-scales short, broad. Stigma long, rostrate. Follicles acuminate from a dilated base. Seeds comose. Species 5, in eastern extra-tropical S. Amer. M. CANDOLLEANA (Hook. & Arn., sub Brachylepis] DC. Twining, pubescent. Leaves cordate, acute, deeply 2-lobed at base, membranaceous. Peduncles longer than leaves, corymbose, few-flowered (4-6). Flowers small, apparently ochroleucous. Lobes of crown without a ligular appendage. (Entrerios) ; Patagon., flowering late, in the season (Ap.-May) ; by Rio Sta. Cruz. Family 93. CONVOLVULACE.E. Convolvulus Family. Usually twining herbs, with alternate, exstipulate leaves, and regular, sympetalous, axillary flowers, mostly showy, with 5 epipetalous stamens, and normally 2-3 celled, superior ovary; cells 2-ovuled. Seeds endo- spermous, with crumpled embryo. Species 900, cosmopolitan. KEY TO THE GENERA. a. Ovary partite, of 2 dry, i -seeded mericarps. Styles 2, basal from the center. Calyx free. Small, low or creeping herbs, with broad, petiolate leaves. I. Dichomlra, p. 666. (12. Ovary entire. Style i, sometimes 2-parted, or styles 2. b. Stigma entire, capitate, or slightly lobed. Corolla salverform. Ovary i-2-celled, 2-seeded. Calyx-leaves subequal, connate. Capsule ripening above ground, dehiscent. Upright or low, with fleshy leaves and solitary flowers. 2. Wilsonia, p. 666. 666 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. b2. Style 2-branchcd, with filiform stigmas. Ovary i-2-celled, cells I -seeded. 3. Evolvulus, p. 666. £3. Style undivided to the stigma. Fruit capsular, dehiscent, with thin or hard pericarp. Calyx-leaves separate, often unequal. Flowers large. Bracts small, not close to the calyx. 4. Convolvulus, p. 667. 64. As Convolvulus, but stigma 2-lobed ; ovary i -celled, with 4 seeds. Calyx enclosed by 2 large bracts. Calystegia, subgenus of Convolvulus, p. 667. i. DICHONDRA Forst. Slender, prostrate, with reniform, petioled, often small leaves, and small floivers, solitary on the pedicels. Sepals spatulate. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft. Ovary with 2 distinct lobes, each 2-celled, usually villous. Styles 2, between the lobes, stigmas capitate. Species 5, in warm climates. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3*7, p. 13.) D. SERICEA Sw. Leaves silky underneath. Stem rooting at the nodes. N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. 2. WILSONIA R. Br. Small, prostrate, much branching, smooth or silky ; leaves small, crowded, sessile, rather fleshy. Floivers small, sessile, solitary. Calyx tubular- campanulate, with short lobes. Corolla somewhat salver-shaped. Sta- mens usually exserted. Capsule i -2-celled, i-2-seeded. Style filiform, 2-branched ; stigmas capitate. (Figs. A-C, in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 15.) Species 4, Australia, with the following: W. HUMILIS R. Br. Leaves very closely imbricating, distichous, ovate, silky. Corolla-tube scarcely exceeding the calyx. (Austral.); S. Patagon., Puerto Madryn. (Dusen.) (Frankenia cymbifolia of Hooker, "errore," Benth. & Hook, ii, 88 1.) 3. EVOLVULUS Linn. Erect or prostrate, not twining, often silky or hairy, with small or nar- row leaves and rather small flowers. Ovary 2-1 -celled, 4-seeded. Styles 2, distinct, each 2-cleft. Species 80, in warm parts of both worlds. MACLOSKIE : POLEMONIACE/E. 667 i. EVOLVULUS FALCATUS Griseb. Low undershrub, many-stemmed, 10 cm. high, leafy, silvery. Leaves subsessile, elliptical-lanceolate, falcate, acuminate (or the lower elliptic). Pedicels axillary, very short, i -flowered. Flowers blue, half as long as the leaf. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, half as long as the corolla. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 2. E. INCANUS Pers. Cespitose, procumbent perennial, scarcely 30 cm. long. Leaves ovate- oblong, crowded, mucronulate, silky on both sides, sessile, 6-8 mm. long. Peduncles 4 mm. long, i -flowered. Sepals linear, 2.5 mm. long, silky. Corolla tubular, 5 times as long as calyx. (Brazil) ; Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge. 4. CONVOLVULUS Linn. p. p. (Calystegia R. Br., as a separate genus.) Bindweed. Ovary i-2-celled, 4-seeded. Stigmas 2. Bracts 2, close to the calyx, or none. Species 7-8, in temperate and subtropical regions. C. SEPTUM L. (Calystegia sepium R. Br.) Stem twining, angled. Leaves large, sagittate, acuminate, glabrous, petiolate. Peduncles angular, i -flowered. Corolla campanulate, 5 cm. long, often snowy. Bracts large, close to the calyx. (Eurasia; E. United States; Australia to New Zeal.); W. Patagon., Chonos Archip. Family 94. POLEMONIACE^:. Phlox Family. Herbs, with alternate, exstipulate leaves (or lower leaves opposite), and regular, 5-merous, sympetalous flowers. Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla-lobes, and inserted on the tube, often protruding. Ovary supe- rior, 3-celled, with simple, 3-cleft style. Fruit capsular ; seeds sometimes winged, sometimes covered with mucilage, and emitting spiral tubes when wetted ; with endosperm. Species 200, most in W. Amer., a few in temperate Eurasia. 668 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Stamens inserted at unequal heights. b. Seeds without mucilage. Stamens included. Corolla-tube narrow, salverfbrm. Leaves entire, opposite. i. Pltlox, p. 668. 62. Seeds with mucilage. Filaments often exsert, erect. Corolla-tube wide-mouthed. Leaves incised or divided, alternate. 2. Collomia, p. 668. A2. Stamens mostly inserted at equal heights. b. Filaments straight, not hairy at base. Leaves incised or partite, alternate or opposite. Corolla funnelform to tubular. 3. Gilia, p. 670. b2. Filaments declined, hairy at base. Leaves pinnate, alternate. Corolla usually funnel- form, 5-lobed. 4. Polemonium, p. 672. i. PHLOX Linn. Erect or diffuse herbs, with opposite, entire leaves (or some above alter- nate), and rather large, purplish, etc., flowers in cymes or panicles. Co- rolla-tube narrow, its lobes obcordate, spreading. Stamens straight, short, unequal, included. Ovary 3-celled ; the cells with 1-4 ovules. Seeds without spiral threads. Species 30, N. Amer. and Siberia. P. LINEARIS Cav. (1800. P. biflora Ruiz & Pav., Collomia coccinea Lehm.) Erect annual. Leaves linear-lanceolate, the lower leaves opposite, the upper alternate, with paired axillary peduncles, the highest ovate-lanceo- late, entire, or apically 3-4-cleft. Heads dense. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, obtuse. Corolla crimson, the throat dilated, twice as long as the calyx ; its tube 4 times as long as the calyx. Stamens inserted low. Capsule 3- locular, 3-seeded. (Chili) ; Patagon. (O. Ktze in naming this P. biflora appears to have overlooked its identity with Cavanille's plant.) 2. COLLOMIA Nutt. Herbs, with alternate, mostly entire leaves, and purplish, capitate or cymoseyfowrc. Calyx not distended or ruptured, accrescent in fruit. Corolla-limb spreading, its lobes obtuse. Stamens straight, unequal. Seeds mostly mucilaginous with spirals, i-few in the cells. Species 10, W. North Amer. to Chili. i. C. GRACILIS Dougl. (Phlox morenonis O. Ktze.) Low, branching herb, with linear, obtuse leaves, the lowest obovate- MACLOSKIE I POLEMONIACEyE. 669 FIG. 86. oblong, opposite. Calyx tubular; its segments linear, as long as the corolla-tube. Flowers terminal, at length lateral on excurrent branches. (Calif.); S. Patagon., at mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz (Dusen); Punta Arenas. COLLOMIA GRACILIS MINUARTIOIDES. Hispid all over. Leaves rigid, often arcuate, narrow-linear; calyx- segments hyaline-margined. Capsule ovate, shorter than the calyx. Magellan. ("Distributed by Lechler as Eutoca gracilis Gris. and by Philippi as Myotoca eritrichoides Gris." Franchet.) 2. C. LINEARIS Nutt. Viscid-pubescent; branching. Leaves sessile, entire or incised, the lower opposite. Flowers leafy-bracted. Calyx obconical ; its lobes tri- angular-lanceolate, acute. Corolla salverform, 12 mm. long, lilac-purple to white, slender; its limb small. (W. of N. Amen); S. Patagon., near Rio Coy, by Peterson (Nov.) ; on Cordilleras, by Hatcher (flow- ering Feb. 25). (Gray referred it to Gilia in Proc. Am. Ac., 1882; but returns to Nuttall's name in his Gamopetalce, 1886.} 3- C. PATAGONICA Speg. Minute annual, with filiform root, and short capitately folio-floriferous stems, all hispid-gland- ular. Leaves narrow-linear, entire. Flowers very M « -, ^ , , , .„ Calyx ; (on left) longitudinal small, subsessile. Calyx subcampanulate, its seg- sectionofcorolla. (onright) ments linear, 5 times as long as its tube. Corolla scarcely greater, pubescent, white, tubular, 5- toothed. (Fig. 86.) S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. (Dusen refers to this species specimens with only the root-leaves hispid-glandular, but otherwise as described by Spegazzini). Rio Gallegos (Barnum Brown. Its lowest pair of leaves. (Cotyledons ?), are broadly ovate and subtruncate, same length as the others, 7 mm., including petiole 1.5 mm. G. M. Coiiomia recurved margin of cauline leaf, all magnified. (After Dusen.) 670 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 4. COLLOMIA PUSILLA Dusen. (Fig. 87.) Small annual, with simple, slender, densely stellate hairy stem, leafy only at base ; leaves rosulate, small, linear-lanceolate, subobtuse, gla- brous, or with simple, marginal hairs or subciliate. Flowers crowded um- bellately, with short, stellate-hispid pedicels. Bracts leaf-like, 87< shorter than the basal leaves, crowded. Calyx companulate, pilose, half-way 5-cleft with linear-lanceolate segments, fleshy, acute, apically cartilaginous, exceeding the small capsule. S. Patagon., by Rio Gallegos. (Nordenskjold.) ™a 3. GILIA Ruiz & Pav. pusilla, ** natural Herbs, with opposite or alternate, entire or variously segmented 51 z( leaves, and small or large flowers. Calyx sinuses commonly Dusen). scarious. Stamens straight, not hairy at the base. Capsule 3-celled, at length distending and rupturing the calyx. Seed- coat usually mucilaginous, often with spirals. Species 75, America, most in western parts of N. & S. Amer. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Smooth. b. Stem leafless from the cotyledons to the involucre. Dwarf plant. Flowers white, pink, or yellow. nudicaulis . b2. Leaves pinnatisect, segments subulate, acute, spinescent upwards. Flowers white. navarcttia. £3. Leaves 2-3-pinnatipartite. Flowers light blue. achilleafolia. A2. Pubescent when young. Leaves pinnatifid, toothed, the upper entire. Corolla white. campanulata. A$. Stem hairy, few-leaved. Leaves pinnatifid or incised. Flowers white, with rose tinge, exceeded by the upper leaves. polycladon. A^. Puberulous. Leaves pinnatisect. Flowers blue, corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx. laciniata. A$. Woolly when young. Leaves alternate, pinnately divided. Corolla-tube long. pnmila. i. G. ACHILLE^EFOLIA Benth. Stem slender, 30-60 cm. high, nearly glabrous. Leaves alternate, twice- or thrice-pinnatipartite, the ultimate lobes slender to filiform-linear. Flowers in capitate clusters on long peduncles. Corolla light-blue, 4-10 mm. long ; its tube as long as its lobes, and as the calyx. Stamens in- serted in its sinuses. (Calif, and cultivated.) Patagon.? MACLOSKIE : POLEMONIACE^E. 67 1 2. GILIA CAMPANULATA Gray. Annual. Minutely pubescent when young, diffusely branched and depressed. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, the lower sparingly pinnatifid- toothed, the upper small, entire. Pedicels not longer than the flowers. Corolla white, oblong-campanulate, twice as long as the calyx. Stamens inserted at the base. Cells of capsule y-seeded. (Nevada) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Coy Inlet. 3. G. LACINIATA Ruiz & Pav. (Polemonium laciniatum O. Ktze.) Annual. Stem erect, puberulous. Leaves pinnatisect; the divisions narrowly linear, entire or incised. Cymes irregularly 3-6-flowered, or occasionally i -flowered. Corollas blue, scarcely exceeding the pubescent calyx-lobes ; the tube half as long as the calyx. (Chili) ; Patagon., at Rawson, near mouth of Rio Chubut. (Dus£n.) ("G. erecta Hier. is scarcely more robust and not properly distinct from this." Speg.) 4. G. NAVARETTIA Steud. (NowMV&ia involucrata Ruiz & Pav.) Low annuals, suberect or branching much from the base. Leaves glabrous, pinnatisect, their segments subulate, very acute, those of the upper and floral leaves spinescent. Calyx woolly, its segments incised, spinose like the bracts. Corolla white, its tube rather shorter than the calyx. Stamens exsert. Cells of ovary 2-3-seeded. (Chili, etc.); Patagon., Chubut, in elevated meadows near Lago Fon- tana. "Specimens small, 4-5 cm. high and broad, with white corolla and teeth of bracts and calyx acerose, purpurascent." (Speg.) 5. G. NUDICAULIS Gray. Glabrous. Dwarf, from 3 to 20 cm. high. Stem (or long internode) leafless from the cotyledons to the glomerulate involucre of leafy bracts. Leaves opposite. Corolla-tube 6-8 mm. long, thrice as long as the calyx ; exceeding the corolla-lobes, which are white, pink or yellow. Anthers sessile in the throat. Cells of ovary io-i6-ovuled. S. Patagon., by O. A. Peterson at Coy Inlet, Nov. 18. (Verified in Gray Herb.) 672 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 6. GlLIA POLYCLADON ToiT. Low, branching from the base. Stems sparsely hairy, diffuse, very few- leaved. Leaves pinnatifid or incised ; lobes short, oblong, spinulose- mucronulate, those subtending the cyme exceeding the flowers. Flowers cymulose-glomerate, or at length lax, leafy bracted, white with a rose tinge. Corolla-tube scarcely exceeding the awned-mucronate calyx-lobes. Anthers in the throat on very short filaments. Cells 2-seeded. S. Patagon., by Hatcher, on pampas, near Coy Inlet. 7. G. PUMILA Nutt. Annual. Branched at base ; woolly at least when young, 7-20 cm. high. Leaves alternate, pinnately divided, their segments linear mucron- ulate or lobed. Cymes sessile. Corolla-tube thrice as long as its lobes, twice as long as the calyx. Calyx-lobes awn-like. Seeds 5-6 in each cell. (Texas to Nebraska); S. Patagon., by Coy Inlet, Hatcher. (Verified in Gray Herb.) 4. POLEMONIUM Linn. Mostly perennial, with alternate, often pinnate leaves, and large flowers often panicled. Calyx accrescent in fruit. Corolla mostly tubular-cam- panulate. Stamens equally inserted near its base and declined. Cap- sule ovoid. Seeds mucilaginous, with spirals. Species 15, in cool regions of the northern hemisphere; also the fol- lowing : P. MICRANTHUM Benth. (P. antarcticiim Griseb.) Annual. Dwarf, diffuse, glandular-hairy. Leaves pinnatisect, the segments minute, ovate, subrotund to spatulate. Flowers remote, ped- iceled. Calyx 5-parted, lax, its segments ovate, obtuse, slightly ex- ceeding the white corolla. Corolla-lobes broad, obovate, 3-lobed. Fila- ments glabrous, inserted at middle of the corolla-tube. Cells of ovary 2-ovuled ; seeds ovoid, not winged. "When crushed by the fingers this plant emits a musky fragrance." (Speg.) (N. Amer.); S. Patagon., by Hatcher, near Coy Inlet, not yet in flower, Oct. 16; by Peterson in same place, in flower, Nov. 13; by Dusen at Rio Sta. Cruz, and in Brunswick Penins., W. Magellan. "The distinc- MACLOSKIE : HYDROPHYLLACE/E. 673 tion between P. micranthum in N. Amer. as having 1 1 leaf-segments and long-pediceled flowers, and P. antarcticum of Chili-Patagonia as having 7 leaf-segments and subsessile flowers, is incorrect." (O. Ktze.) Family 95. HYDROPHYLLACE^E. Waterleaf Family. Herbs mostly hairy, with regular, 5-merous sympetalous flowers, mostly in scorpioid inflorescences. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla, alternat- ing with its lobes, often protruding. Ovary superior, 2-celled, or i -celled with 2 placenta. Styles 2, partly separate. Seeds with endosperm. Species 160, chiefly in western N. Amer. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Style simple or 2-parted. b. Placentas broad, at first fleshy, afterwards leathery and enclosing the whole capsule. ^Estivation mostly contorted. Capsule i -celled. Stamens exserted. Leaves alternate. I. Hydrophyllum, p. 673. b2. Placentae narrow, in the valves of the loculicidal capsule. ^Estivation imbricate. Cap- sule i-2-celled. Style deeply 2(-3)-parted. Calyx-leaves subequal. Stamens sub- equal, at same height. Plant often stiff-hairy, not prickly, lowest leaves opposite ; upper alternate. Inflorescence scorpioid. 2. Phacelia, p. 674. A2. Styles 2, distinct. Capsule more or less 2-celled. ./Estivation imbricate. Placentae parted, bounded by the septa with the valves. Corolla funnelform. Seeds several. Herbs or undershrubs. 3. Nama, p. 675. i. HYDROPHYLLUM Linn. Waterleaf. Leaves large, pinnately cut or divided. Flowers rather large, white to blue or purple. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-lobed, the lobes convolute in the bud, with inner scales bending towards each other. Anthers versa- tile, exserted. Ovary i -celled. Placentce fleshy, central. Styles united. Seeds 1-4. Species 6, N. Amer., and the following: H. MAGELLANICUM Lam. (sub Phacelia O. Ktze.). Hispid or hoary-tomentose, erect, with one to several stems. Lower leaves cespitose, crowded, oblong-lanceolate, entire or pinnatisect; the lobes 3-5, lanceolate ; the terminal often greater. Varieties at Magellan or other parts of Patagonia and Chili. 674 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. HYDROPHYLLUM MAGELLANICUM ACUTILOBUM. White-pilose. Calyx-lobes acuminate. H. MAGELLANICUM ALBIFLORUM (O. Ktze.). Flowers white. H. MAGELLANICUM OBTUSILOBUM. Silky. Leaves with short pubescence. Calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse. H. MAGELLANICUM PANICULATUM. H. MAGELLANICUM PINNATUM (O. KtZC.). 2. PHACELIA Juss. Mostly hirsute, with entire or variously cut leaves. Calyx 5-lobed, slightly enlarging in fruit. Corolla-lobes imbricated in the bud, some- times with internal appendages. Stamens exserted or included. Ovary i -celled, with 2 parietal placenta. Styles united below. Seeds 4, usually reticulated. Species 80, America. I. P. ARTEMISIOIDES Gris. Low, ascending, villous herb, to 12 cm. high. Leaves pinnatisect, seg- ments 4 pairs, deeply pinnatified; their lobes briefly oblong, rounded. Flowers small, crowded in scorpioid cymes. Calyx-lobes rounded, obtuse, more than half as long as the funnelform corolla, whose ovate lobes are half as long as its tube. Stamens equalling the corolla. Style half way cleft. Capsule enclosed in the globose calyx. (Argentina?); E. Patagon. (Dusen.) 2. P. BRACHYANTHA Benth. Erect, 25 cm. high, pubescent. Leaves ovate, entire, undivided, or with 1-2 basal lobules. Corolla violaceous, scarcely exceeding the calyx. Stamens included. (Chilian Mts.) ; S. Patagon., high up by Rio Sta. Cruz. 3. P. CIRCINATA Jacq. Hispid, erect. Leaves entire or 3-5-pinnatisect, the lobes ovate, or oblong-acute, the terminal lobe large. Racemes dense-flowered, glomer- MACLOSKIE : HYDROPHYLLACE/E. 675 ately circinate. Calyx-lobes oblong, acute, erect. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Stamens much exserted. "Very variable ; dwarf forms with a naked scape-like stem." (A. Gray.) (Calif., Oregon, Mex.) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at head of Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz; "blue to white." Feb. 9, 1897. S. and W. Patagon. and Lago Nahuel-huapi (Dusen). Fuegia, at Ushuaia. PHACELIA GLANDULOSA Nutt. Viscid-pubescent, to 30 cm. high. Leaves irregularly and interruptedly twice pinnatifid; or the lower divided. Lobes many, small, somewhat incised, obtuse. Calyx-lobes oblong, spatulate. Stamens exserted. Western U. S. P. GLANDULOSA PATAGONICA Ball. "At Bahia Blanca and North Patagonian coast." (J. Ball.) 5- P. PINNATIFIDA Wedd. Viscid-pubescent. Stem tall, branching above. Leaves pinnately lobed, the lobes ovate or oblong, obtuse, crenate, the terminal as the others. Racemes fascicled in apex of the branches, circinate, ultimately elongate. Calyx-lobes linear-spatulate, obtuse. Corolla longer, the folds or scales of its tube mostly ovate. Stamens exsert. Capsule shorter than calyx, placenta dilated transversely. Seeds oblong. (Peru, Bolivia.) P. PINNATIFIDA PUMILA O. KtZC. Dwarf to 10 cm. high. Patagon. 3. NAMA Linn. Low herbs or from a woody base, dichotomously branching and hairy. Leaves alternate. Flowers rather small, solitary in the axils, or terminal and cymose. Corolla funnelform, imbricating. Stamens nearly in- cluded. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2 ; stigmas capitate. Seeds small, numer- ous, rugose. Species 27, most in Western N. Amer. and Mex. ; i each in Hawaiia and S. Amer. N. DICHOTOMUM Ruiz & Pav. Annual herb. Viscous-hairy. Leaves most of them petiolate, ovate to long-lanceolate, entire. Flowers solitary, subsessile in the dichotomies. 676 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. Calyx-segments subspatulate. Corolla shorter than the calyx. Capsule ' ovate-conical, villous. (Mex. to Andina) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher. (Compared in Gray Herb.) Family 96. BORRAGINACE/E. Borage Family. Herbs, shrubs, or even tropical trees, with mostly alternate, exstipulate, hairy leaves, and generally regular, 5-merous, sympetalous, bluish flowers in scorpioid inflorescence. Stamens 5, epipetalous and alternipetalous. Ovary superior, of 2 carpels, each of them deeply 2-lobed, becoming a fmit of 4 achenes. Style simple or sometimes 2- or 4-cleft. Seeds with or without endosperm. Species 1,500, widely distributed. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Style terminal. b. Styles twice dichotomously divided. Ovary not lobed. Calyx accrescent, with 5 lance- olate processes under the fruit. Stone-fruit with mostly 4-celled nucleus. Cotyle- dons folded (Cordioideae). I. Patagonula, p. 676. 62. Style simple or 2-cleft, or 2 styles. Stone-fruit of 4 separate pyrenes, or of 2 carpels separating into 4. Cotyledons flat (Heliotropoideas). 2. Heliotr opium, p. 677. Az. Style simple or bifid, inserted between the lobes of the deeply 4-lobed ovary. Fruit of sev- eral I -seeded mericarps. Flowers regular. b. Gynobase more or less conical. c. Nutlets with the points not extending beyond the attachment surface, rather long, with hooks. Stamens not or slightly protruding. Calyx scarcely accrescent. 3. Pcctocarya, p. 677. c2. Nutlets, with the points extending beyond the attachment surfaces, indehiscent ; facets at least half as large as the ventral surfaces. Stamens not protruding. d. Cotyledons not partite. e. Attachment facets below the middle of the nutlets. 4. Eritrichium, p. 678. €2. Attachment facets above the middle of the nutlets, and flat. Leaves alternate, or in rosettes. Stem not branched dichasially. Nutlets keeled subapically. 5. Plagiobotrys , p. 679. d2. Cotyledons 2-partite. Nutlets smooth. 6. Amsinckia, p. 679. b2. Gynobase flat or slightly convex. Facets of attachment of nutlets flat. ^Estivation contorted. Flowers few. 7. Myosotis, p. 680. i. PATAGONULA Linn. Shrubs or trees, with alternate leaves. Flowers small, crowded at the apex of the branches. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, its lobes long and stellately spreading in fruit, enclosing the drupes. Stamens exserted. Filaments MACLOSKIE : BORRAGINACE/E. 677 basally widened and connate. Ovary 4-celled ; style 2-cleft, and its branches again 2-cleft; stigmas capitate. Fruit often only i -seeded; drttfie sub- globose, acuminate to a rostrum. Species 2, Brazil and southwards. PATAGONULA AMERICANA Linn. A tree 10 meters high. Leaves sparse, lanceolate or obovate, entire or serrate at apex ; glabrous on both sides. Flowers white. (S. Brazil, useful wood, " ipe-branco" ; in Argentina called "guayavi") ; (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 85, C-E.) P AMERICANA HIRSUTA. This year's branches, petioles, rachis and under-surface of leaves rough, with long, sparse hairs. N. Patagon. 2. HELIOTROPIUM Linn. Herbs or shrubs, with small, blue or white flowers in scorpioid spikes or scattered. Corolla naked in the throat. Stamens included. Style ter- minal ; ovary entire or 2- or 4-grooved (not lobed). Species 115, in warm climates. H. CURASSAVICUM Linn, (sub Heliophytum in DC. Prodr.). Glabrous, branched. Leaves linear or spatulate, obtuse, fleshy, entire. Spikes scorpioid. Flowers white, with yellow eye; or bluish. Fruit becoming 4 nutlets. (Widespread in tropics ; in S. and W. of United States) ; N. Patagon., in salt marshes by mouths of Rio Negro, and elsewhere. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 30, p. 93, Q-U.) 3. PECTOCARYA DC. Small annuals, with linear, alternate leaves and minute flowers, sessile or short-pediceled, axillary. Calyx-lobes small. Corolla-lobes 5, imbri- cating, spreading ; tube short, with small scales. Stamens inserted in the tube, with short filaments and ovoid anthers. Style small ; stigma capitate. Ac hems ovoid, with an oval ring of hooked spines. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3*2, p. 100, H.) Species 5, Pacific coast of Amer. 678 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. PECTOCARYA LINEARIS (R. & P.) DC. (P. chilensis DC.) Annual, with stems and narrow-linear leaves hoary by appressed pubescence, and oppositifoliose pedicels. Calyx-lobes as long as the nucules, which are pectinate-margined all round. Much branching from a woody base. Leaves 13 mm. by i mm. (Common to N. and S. Amer. ; Chili) ; Patagon., at Rawson (Dusen) ; Rivers Gallegos and Sta. Cruz, in dry plains, and by Rio Deseado. 4. ERITRICHIUM Schrad. Perennial herbs, mostly hairy; usually with bractless racemes, and small, mostly blue or white flowers. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Corolla-tube short, usually with 5 small scales at the throat ; its lobes obtuse. Sta- mens included. Ovary 4-lobed ; stigma subcapitate. Achenes unarmed, or with a row of non-glochidiate prickles, or rarely winged. Species 30, temperate regions. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 1 08, C-E.) i. E. ALBIFLORUM Gris. (non Myosotis albiflora Banks & Sol.). Stout, upright, seemingly perennial. Patagon., arid plains by Golfo de San Jorge ; E. Fuegia (Ansorge). Nearly allied to E. pampeanum Speg. 2. E. DIFFUSUM Phil. Stem diffusely branching, 30 cm. high, rough, with spreading bristles and white papillae. Leaves linear with white papillae, hispid. Calyx scale- less, its tube and lobes rough, with yellow, spreading bristles. Corolla very small, its tube as long as the calyx. Niicules subrugose. (Chilian Andes); S. Patagon, by mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz. 3. E. HUMILE (R. & P., sub Myosotis} DC. Low, sparsely villous or glabrous. Root fibrous. Stems ternately divided, the mid erect, the laterals procumbent. Lower leaves opposite, narrow-linear, elongated, obtuse. Flowers white, the laterals secund, sessile, becoming short-pediceled in fruit. Mitlets rugose. (Bolivia) ; Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. MACLOSKIE I RORRAGINACE/E. 679 4. ERITRICHIUM PARVULUM Phil. Annual. Stems simple or sparsely branched, erect, filiform, setose as are the leaves. Cauline setce spreading. Raceme few-flowered, at first capituliform, afterwards elongate. Calyx 5 mm. long, rough, with long yellow setae; its teeth filiform. Corolla minute. Achenes elongate, greenish, warty-granulate. (Atacama in Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. 5. E. ULIGINOSUM Phil, (by O. Ktze. sub Cynoglossospermnm}. Low, with fibrous root. Damp or aquatic forms. Patagon. 5. PLAGIOBOTRYS Fisch. & Mey. (Echidiocarya A. Gr.) Low, annual herbs often white-hairy ; sometimes with a rosette of basal leaves. Calyx mostly accrescent. Achenes ovoid, with lateral ridge, and evenly rounded exterior, transversely rugulose ; the areole orbicular on a convex or subglobose gynobase, or sometimes concave. Species 15, on the Pacific coast o America. P. PROCUMBENS (DC.) A. Gray. Low, small, multicauline, and subcespitose. Root simple. Stems his- pid, procumbent or ascending. Leaves linear, short, obtuse, opposite below. Flowers sparse, or laxly spicate. (Chili); Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge; in Salinas near Rio Sta. Cruz 6. AMSINCKIA Lehm. Prostrate annuals, mostly hairy, with few-flowered cymes and alternate leaves. Calyx-lobes linear. Corolla tubular-funnelform, without scales in the throat. Stamens and capitate stigma included. Achenes rather smooth. Species 8, on Pacific coast of N. and S. Amer. A. ANGUSTIFOLIA Lehm. Ntdlets rugose, dorsally convex, not distinctly angled. Stem strict, simply or sparsely branched. Leaves long, linear-lanceolate; throat of corolla glabrous, naked, its limb half as long as its tube; stamens in- serted in the throat. (Chili) ; Patagon. at Puerto Madryn ; in sandy plains near Rivers Des- eado and Sta. Cruz ; W. Patagon. ; N. and E. Fuegia, usually in inhab- ited places (Dusen). 680 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. 7. MYOSOTIS Linn. Forget-me-not. Low herbs, with alternate, entire leaves, and small, blue-pink to white flowers, usually in many-flowered, scorpioid cymes. Calyx-lobes narrow. Corolla salverform, the throat crested. Stamens included. Nutlets erect, leaving flat scars. Species 35, widely diffused. M. ALBIFLORA Banks & Sol. Sparsely appressed-hairy. Stems many from a stout rhizome, pros- trate, slender. Radical leaves spatulate, petioled; cauline, obovate- oblong. Flowers few, axillary, short-pe- FIG. 88. diceled. Calyx campanulate. Corolla-tube exceeding the calyx, its lobes broad-ob- long, rather short. Seeds smooth, shining (Fig. 88). S. Patagon., Magellan; N. andS. Fuegia, rare (Dus£n ; "flowers not cymose, incon- spicuous"). "Near M. antarctica, but more slender (Myosotis albiflora.- Plant and magnified and nearly glabrOUS. Belongs to the seed. (After Dusen.) New Zealand group of the genus." (J. D. Hooker.) Family 97. VERBENACE^E. Verbena Family. Herbs, shrubs, or some tropical trees, with mostly opposite leaves and usually zygomorphous flowers, having didynamous (rarely only dian- drous) stamens inserted on the sympetalous corolla. Ovary superior, of 2 carpels (not lobed), 2-4-celled, or rarely 8-io-celled. Style ter- minal, simple. Fruit 2-4-achenes, or drupaceous. Seeds with little or no endosperm. Species 1,200, widely distributed in temperate and warm climates. KEY TO THE GENERA. (All the Patagonian forms have spicate or racemose, that is, non-cymose, inflorescence ; and seeds without endosperm.) A. Flowers spicate. b. Fruit 4-merous, becoming 4 drupelets. i. Verbena, p. 68 1. MACLOSKIE: VERBENACE/E 68 1 b2. Fruit 2-merous. c. Calyx truncate or notched. Corolla 4-S-lobcd. Drupelets 2. 2. Laniana, p. 690. c2. Calyx 4-cleft or 4-toothed. Corolla 4-lobed. Nutlets 4. 3. Lippia, p. 691. c$. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 5-lobcd. Nutlets 2, not separating. 4. Monopyrena, p. 692. A2. Flowers racemose. Fruit 2-4-celled, becoming 4-drupelets. Calyx shortly 5-toothed, be- coming enlarged and enclosing the fruit. Anther cells divergent. 5. Rliaphithamnus, p. 693. i. VERBENA J. St. Hil. Flowers perfect, nearly regular, terminally spiked, rarely racemed, or panicled. Calyx inferior, 4-5-merous. Corolla mostly 5-cleft. Sta- mens didynamous, or rarely 2. Style simple ; stigmas i or 2. Fruit dry or drupaceous, separating into 4 pyrenes. Endosperm scanty. Species 190, chiefly American; i in the Mediterr. region. KEY TO THE TRIBES. A. ( Vcrbenaca?) No appendages on connective of upper anthers. b. Pungentes. Heads composed of 2-few-flowers, on tops of branches. Small, often cespi- tose : — carroo, erinacea, seriphioides, etc. b2. Nobiles. Spikes capitate when young, afterwards elongating. Creeping undershrubs ; calyx long-tubular ; flowers handsome : — chamcedrifolia, teucrioidcs, etc. £3. Junciformes. Flowers in heads or short spikes. Leaves reduced, or scale-like — glauca. £4. Verticiliflortz. Spikes with remote, quasi-verticils. Corolla-tube long, curved : — asper, etc. A2. (Glandularia^) Glandular appendage on connective of upper anthers. Leaves divided: — erinoides, sulfurea, tcnera, etc. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Flowers solitary or subsolitary. Leaves minute. b. Leaves linear, hairy. Corolla long. uniflora. b2. Leaves ovate, triquetrous. Spiny shrub, decussately branching. Bracts ovate. Flowers white-lilac. seriphioides. A2. Spikes solitary, terminal; at first usually capitate. b. Spike sessile or nearly so. c. Leaves trifid, segments narrow-linear, hispid, pungent. Small, spiny shrub. Corolla ochroleucous. ameghinoi. C2. Leaves 3 -partite, crowded, segments linear-spatulate. Bracts linear-lanceolate to ovate. Corolla long. strutldonum. CT,. Leaves triquetrous, connate; as are the bracts. Corolla long. connatibracteata. b2. Spikes peduncled. c. Spikes subverticillate, lax. Leaves small, alternate; and axillary fascicled, oblong- lanceolate, rough. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla white. aspcra. 682 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. c2. Leaves ovate-oblong, attenuate-petiolate. Bracts narrow-lanceolate. d. Leaves rough. Flowers scarlet. chamacdrifolia. d2. Leaves tomentose underneath. Flowers white to pink. teucrioidcs. d$. Leaves 3 -partite. e. Segments partite into linear subsegments. Spikes at first subsessile. Stamens 2. Calyx accrescent. inflata. £2. Segments lanceolate. Anthers minutely appendaged. Corolla red-violet. erinoides. £•4. Leaves spatulate to obovate, 3 -toothed to 3-lobed, glabrous. Bracts linear, hairy. Corolla long, orange. aitrantiaca. c$. Leaves decussate, minute, hispid. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla orange, bilabiate. lorentzii. £3. Leaves quadrifariously imbricate, obovate, pairs not connate. Bracts leafy, oval. c. Spikes peduncled. Leaves silky. Corolla hairy. patagonica. c2. Spikes sessile, few-flowered. Leaves small, linear, less villous. azordloidcs. A$. Spikes terminal, peduncled, in i's or 3*5. Leaves pinnatifid, decurrent-petiolate. Bracts lanceolate, half as long as the hairy calyx. Corolla violet. Anther appendages small. tenera. A^. Spikes terminal on this year's branches, the young leaves tripartite, pungent. The old parts black, bearing reduced branches with quadrifariously imbricate glomerules of minute, thick, entire leaves. Virgate shrubs. carroo. A$. Flowers in heads (dense spikes, sometimes at length elongating). b. Corolla long (its tube at least twice as long as the calyx). c. Leaves minute, tripartite. Bracts half as long as the calyx. d. Segments of leaves linear, obtuse. Bracts ovate. Corolla-tube pink, limb drab. pkilippiana. d2. Segments linear, apically rounded. Bracts oblong. Calyx ribbed. tridactylites. c2. Leaves minute, lobed, succulent ; with smaller leaves in axils. Bracts broad. Calyx 5-costate. sitcculentifolia. c$. Leaves alternate, short-linear, and others in axils. Bracts ovate. Heads globose. Corolla 4-lobed. Branches secund. gayana. b2. Corolla not long (not twice as long as calyx). c. Bracts lanceolate-acuminate. Heads peduncled, many-flowered. Corolla sulphur- colored. Anther-appendages violet. sulphured. C2. Bracts ovate-lanceolate. Leaves acerose, connate, becoming spinescent. Heads immersed, few-flowered. erinacea. £•3. Bracts ovate, half as long as calyx, hairy. Leaves ovate-acute, imbricate, hirsute. morenonis, c^. Bracts small, broad. Leaves ovate. thymifolia. c$. Bracts long, cordate, pungent. Branches filiform, glaucous. Leaves minute, distant, linear. Heads ovate. glauca. A6. Shrubs with cylindric spike, and trifid leaves having subulate segments, and with 3 -toothed bracts. tridcns. Aj, Leaves of two kinds, spinose-acicular, recurved, opposite ; and axillary smaller, straight leaves. toninii. MACLOSKIE: VERBENACE^E. 683 A8. Spikes paniculate. Stems tetragonal. b. Leaves lanceolate, auriculate, amplexicaul, rough on the veins. Stem naked upwards. Bracts lanceolate. Flowers rose or violet. bonaricnsis. b2. Leaves cuneate-oblong, rough underneath ; smaller and narrower upwards. Flowers violet. intermedia. i. VERBENA AMEGHINOI Speg. Small, cespitose, densely branching, spiny shrub. Old leaves arcscent, curved-spreading, slender ; with small fasciculate apical twigs, appressed- Icafy. Leaves trifid, hispid ; the segments narrow-linear, erect, coarsely costate, revolute-marginate, apex acute, mucronate, pungent. Spikes apical, sessile, few-flowered, with leafy bracts. Calyx 5-costatc, hispid, 5-toothed, the teeth spinescent. Corolla ochroleucous, long-exsert, gla- brous, enlarged at the throat. Lobes sublinear, obtuse. Patagon., on plains near Golfo de San Jorge. 2. V. ASPERA Gill. & Hook. Fruticulose, with hirtellate branches, and small, alternate leaves, axillary proliferous, oblong-lanceolate, acute or spatulate, attenuate to a short petiole, margins revolute, rough. Spikes subverticillate, few-flowered, laxly imbricate, elongate. Bracts subulate, shorter than the tubular, unequal, 4-cleft calyx, and, like it, rough. Corolla white, glabrous, its limb 5-parted. (Peru) ; Patagon. 3. V. AURANTIACA Speg. Lax-branching perennial, with branches prostrate to ascending, gla- brous, sparingly ramulose. Leaves thick, membranaceous, spatulate to obovate, glabrous, 3-toothed or 3-lobed, the lobes obtuse. Spikes apical. Bracts lanceolate, pubescent. Calyx tubular, pubescent. Corolla twice as long, orange, glabrous. Anthers yellow, not appendaged. (Argentina) ; Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Rivers Gallegos and Sta. Cruz. 4. V. AZORELLOIDES Speg. Like V. patagonica Speg., but less villous, and less compact. Leaves small, linear, entire, obtuse, puberulous. Spikes sessile, few-flowered. Corolla purple. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Lago Argentine. 684 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. 5. VERBENA BONARIENSIS Linn. Stem strict, tetragonal, scabrid to subvillous, naked upwards. Leaves lanceolate, acutely subauriculate, adnate-amplexicaul, the upper part incised-serrate, revolute, the veins and rugae hirsute. Panicle terminal, fastigiate, consisting of long-stalked cymes, these consisting of dense cylin- drical spikes. Bracts lanceolate-acuminate, at least equalling the calyx, which is hispidulous on the angles. Flowers rose or violet. (Amer. tropics ; and grassy plains of Bonaria ; in damp ground ; also in S. Africa) ; N. Patagon., in Valleys of Rio Colorado and Rio Negro. 6. V. CARROO Speg. (Plate XXIII.) Virgate shrub, 1—2 meters high, blackish, gloomy, with thick, erect branches, everywhere quadrifariously branching, the branchlets small abor- tive, glomeruliform, tetragonally stellate, densely leafy-imbricate ; this year" s, branches, simple, patent, erect, leafy, with branchlets. Leaves glabrous, dimorphous, all minute ; this year's sessile, opposite, amplexicaul, tripar- tite, the lobes divaricate, pungent, segments entire, margin revolute, cari- nate at the nerve, being black-purplish or castaneous ; last year's breaking up and bearing glomeruliform branchlets. Leaves of abortive branchlets quadrifariously and densely imbricated, simple, ovate-linear, obtuse, shin- ing ; their margin entire revolute. Spikes, terminal on this year's branches, black-castaneous, i or few, sessile, cylindraceo-capitate, compact. Bracts opposite, leaf-like, trifid, i- flowered. Flowers sessile, fragrant. Calyx campanulate, obliquely trun- cate, 5-toothed, the 2 front teeth evolute. Corolla white or pink, pubes- cent outside and in the throat; limb spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted at upper third of tube. Style simple. Ovary glabrous or puber- ulous. S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz and R. Gallegos. " Carroo of the Tehuel- che natives ; of extraordinary habit. Referred by Philippi to V. tridens Lag." (Speg.). By Peterson at Rio Sta. Cruz. " Mate negra," abundant and used for fuel. (J. B. Hatcher.) 7- V. CHAM/EDRIFOLIA JuSS. Stems filiform, dichotomously branching, creeping, hirt, the apex and branches ascending. Leaves oblong or ovate, broadly basi-cuneate, con- tracted to a short petiole, crenate or incised-serrate, strigose above, hirt MACLOSKIE : VERBENACE/E. 685 below. Peduncles long ; the spike solitary ; bracts lance-subulate, ciliate, shorter than the hoary calyx. Flowers large scarlet. (S. Brazil and Argentina ; much cultivated for its splendid flowers) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 8. VERBENA CONNATIBRACTEATA O. Ktze. Low, branching shrub, 15-20 cm. high. Leaves crowded, basally sub- connate, triquetrous, canaliculate above, acute. Lax, 6— 8-flowered ter- minal, subsessile spike. Flowers opposite in pairs, with green connate bracts as long as the calyx, or the upper bracts free. Calyx cylindrical, green, spinose-toothed, pubescent. Corolla twice as long, with slender, glabrous tube. (Argentina); Patagon. 9. V. ERINACEA Gill. & Hook. Spinous shrub, cespitose ; with thick, woody root, and dense, opposite, connate, acerose leaves, pungent, at length long-spinescent. Heads few- flowered, at length immersed among the leaves. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, one fourth shorter than the long, tubular, rough, striate calyx. Calyx-teeth pungent. Corolla half exceeding the calyx. (Argentina); Patagon., by Lago Argentine. 10. V. ERINOIDES Lam. Stem rooting, strigose-hirt, branching, decumbent, the branches ascend- ing. Leaves basi-cuneate, narrowing to a petiole, 3-partite, pinnatifid, or laciniate ; their segments lanceolate, acutish, entire or toothed, revolute, strigose. Spikes terminal and alar, pedunculate, solitary, at first fasti- giate, canescent. Bracts lance-acuminate, spreading, nearly equalling the long calyx. Anther appendages short, bearded. Annual, coming early (Nov.); with white flowers (" red-violet " DC); having scent of vanilla. (S. Brazil ; Peru); N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. ii. V. GAYANA O. Ktze. (V. glauca Gay, non Gill. & Hook.) Hispid-hairy shrub ; branching, the branches rigid, secund. Leaves short-linear, erect, alternate, with smaller in the axils. Heads terminal, subglobose. Bracts ovate-acuminate, nearly as long as the calyx. Corolla twice as long, 4-lobed. At Coquimbo, Chili ; Atacama. 686 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 12. VERBENA GLAUCA Gill. & Hook. Glaucous, suffruticose, with long, terete, filiform branches. Leaves dis- tant, minute, linear, 6 mm. long. Spikes capitate, ovate, pubescent, dense-flowered. Outer bracts twice as large ("as broad" O. Ktze.) as the calyx, cordate, rigid, pungent. Anthers without appendages. (Chili); Patagon. V. GLAUCA CISANDINA Nied. Glaucous, glabrous, few-leaved. Differs by having the outer bracts not twice as large as the calyx, not cordate, but concave, broad-acuminate. Calyx and corolla 5-partite. Leaves not alternate, but remotely decussate. N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. 13. V. INFLATA H. B. & K. Procumbent, branching undershrub, hoary, with strigose pubescence. Leaves sessile nearly to the base, tripartite, their segments narrow, 2-5- cleft, subsegments linear, obtuse, revolute. Spikes terminal, crowded, at length lax. Bracts lanceolate, subulate, shorter than the calyx, which equals the corolla-tube. Stamens 2. Capsule obovate, enclosed in the enlarged (not inflated) calyx. (Quito and southwards in the Andes); S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Rio Sta. Cruz, on wet ground, Jan. 9, 1897. (Compared in Gray Herb.) 14. V. INTERMEDIA Gill & Hook. (V. gracilis Cham.) Rhizome creeping. Stems simple, strict, tetragonal, marginate, sca- brid. Leaves subsessile, subconnate, arrect, diminishing upwards ; the lowest cuneate-oblong, the others linear-lanceolate, acute, margin revo- lute, incised-serrate or entire, rugose above, rough underneath. Panicle terminal, rare; spikes crowded, at length subcylindrical, hirtulous and glandular. Bracts ovate, acuminate, as long as the calyx. Corolla twice as long, violet. (Grassy plains of Bonaria); N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. 15. V. LORENTZII Nied. Shrub, i meter high, decussately branching; branches tetragonal, be- coming terete, nodose. Hairs i -celled. Leaves decussate, minute, his- pid, linear to ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, or spatulate-obtuse, basally attenuate, subsessile, revolute, black in drying. Flowers in ovate MACLOSKIE I VERBENACE^E. 687 spikes at the ends of the branches ; sessile in the axils of rough, ciliate bracts. Calyx long-tubular, 4-toothed, plicate, its lobes unequal. Co- rolla orange, tubular, scarcely incurved, subbilabiate. Style long, stigma dilated, bilabiate, globose. Fruit of 4 oblong winged pyrenes in the ac- crescent calyx. Patagon., by Rio Negro; Golfo de San Jorge; at Puerto Madryn; Rio de Sta. Cruz. 1 6. VERBENA MORENONIS O. Ktze. (V. thymoidesV\\.. p. p. non Cham.) Pulvinate-branching shrub. Leaves opposite, crowded, imbricate, ovate, acutish, white-hirsute, 1.5 by i mm. Flowers 20 in terminal heads. Calyx and bracts hoary-pilose ; calyx 6 mm. long, furcate cylin- drical, obliquely 5-toothed ; bracts half as long, ovate. Corolla exceeding the calyx, blackening when dry. (Chili); Patagon. (This is V. patagonica Speg. Bol. S. N. C, Cordoba, xvi, 249.) 17. V. PATAGONICA Speg. Pulvinate, cespitose, thick-stemmed shrub, silky-puberulous. Leaves quadrifariously crowded, obscurely imbricate, obovate, thickish, rigid, sub- acute, cuneate, attenuate, sessile ; the opposite not connate. Spikes end- ing the branchlets, pediceled, i-3-leafy-bracteolate. Flowers solitary in the axils of oval, acute, silky bracts. Calyx green, hoary, 5-costate, 5-toothed, its teeth obconical. Corolla-tube subcylindrical, half exceeding the calyx, hoary outside, its throat bearded ; its limb spreading, with 5 subequal lobes. Stamens 4, the anterior pair inserted higher than the posterior, filaments very short. Style filiform, subclavulate. Stigma small, with 2 unequal lobes. Ovary green, glabrous, 4-sulcate. Patagon., by Rio de Sta. Cruz (at " Cerro de los Caracoles," called "Meseta." Compare V. azorelloides Speg.). 1 8. V. PHILIPPIANA (y. microphylla Phil, non H. B. & K.) O. Ktze. Fruticose, low, branching. Leaves minute, sessile, fasciculate, crowded, tripartite, strigose ; their segments linear, obtuse, with revolute margins. Spikes capitate. Bracts ovate, half as long as the calyx. Perianth with white reflex hairs. Calyx-teeth short, ovate. Tube of corolla pink, more 688 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. than twice as long as the calyx ; its limb with short segments, drab-colored. Stamens included. (Andes) ; Patagon. 19. VERBENA SERIPHIOIDES Gill. & Hook. Shrubs, with many very short branchlets decussate on tetragonal branches ; the leaves mostly dense, connate, ovate-triquetrous, thick, cari- nate, canaliculate above, obtuse, glabrous. Leaves scarcely 4 mm. long. Spines opposite, connate, broadly subulate, subfoliaceous, ciliate, at length elongate, rigid, entire or trifid. Flowers subsolitary at the apex of the branches. Bracts ovate. Corolla half as long again as the calyx, white-lilac. (Argentina) ; S. Patagon. 2O. V. STRUTHIONUM Speg. Thick-stemmed, prostrate or cespitose shrub, with slender, hoary, tetrag- onal branchlets. Leaves opposite, small, rigid, patent-incurved, green, crowded, especially at ends of branchlets; sessile, amplexicaul, deeply 3-partite, the segments linear-spatulate. Spikes apical, solitary, sessile or nearly so. Floral bracts decussate, linear-lanceolate or ovate, i-flowered, as long as the calyx ; calyx cylindrical, campanulate, 5-plicate, costate, 5- toothed, hoary. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx, obclavate, slen- der below, inflated and hoary above, coarctate next the limb, bearded inside. Corolla-limb 5-lobed, lobes elliptical, the anterior lobes larger. Stamens 4, inserted at upper third. Patagon., by Rivers Gallegos and Sta. Cruz; Golfo de San Jorge. "Mesati" of natives. 21. V. SUCCULENTIFOLIA O. KtZC. Low, branching, unarmed shrub. Leaves opposite, sessile, succulent, blackening, rough, obtuse, oblong, shortly lobed at base, 4 mm. long, with smaller leaves crowded in the axils. Inflorescence, terminal, 20 flowers in a pediceled, obovate head, with broad, outer bracts. Calyx 5- costate, with short, acute teeth. Corolla-tube twice as long. Patagon. 22. V. SULPHUREA Sweet. Hirt undershrub ; branches tetragonal, hirsute. Leaves more or less pinnatipartite, entire at base, petioled, hispidulous; the rachis and seg- MACLOSKIE I VERBENACE^e. 689 mcnts linear, obtuse, revolute. Spikes peduncled, capitate, many-flowered. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, one third shorter than the hirsute calyx. Corolla glabrous, pale sulfureous, i cm. long, exceeding the calyx. An- ther-appendages clavate, exsert, violet, recurved-patent. (Chili, in sterile places by the sea) ; N. Patagon. VERBENA SULFUREA INTERMEDIA O. Ktze. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx; 15 mm. 23. V. TENERA Spreng. Prostrate, much branching undershrub, creeping, but the branches ascending. Leaves decurrent to a short petiole, pinnatifid-laciniate, their segments linear, acute, entire, margin subrevolute. Spikes terminal, peduncled, solitary or in 3*5, fastigiate, at length elongating, and lax. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, half as long as the long hairy or rough calyx, which has glands at its angles. Anther-appendages scarcely ex- sert, claviculate, slightly recurved. (S. Brazil) ; Patagon. 24. V. TEUCRIOIDES Gill. & Hook. Stems cespitose, rooting at the base, ascending; terete, patent, hirt. Leaves ovate or oblong-triangular, subcuneate, entire, narrowing to a short petiole, subsinuate-serrate, revolute, rugosely venous, glandular-hairy above, tomentose beneath. Spikes terminal, solitary, glandular-hirtellate. Bracts subulate-lanceolate, ciliate, half as long as the nervose calyx. Flowers large, white to pinkish. (S. Brazil ; Andina) ; N. Patagon., common about Rio Negro. 25. (?) V. THYMIFOLIA Lag. Suffruticose, low, branching. Leaves ovate, ciliate, scabrid, revolute. Spike terminal, capitate, solitary. S. Patagon.,- Puerto Deseado ; Lago Sta. Cruz. "Floral bracts 3-4 mm. by 2.5-3 mm., broader than in Philippi." (Speg.) 26. V. TONINII O. Ktze. Very low, robust shrub, with stem i cm. thick. Leaves crowded, of 2 forms ; opposite, basiconnate, spinose-acicular, i cm. long, subrecurved, forked-triangular; and others half as large, and straight, in the axils. 690 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. Bracts broad-lanceolate, not spiny, nearly as long as the calyx. Calyx pentagonal with subspinose, unequal teeth. Corolla a little longer. Patagon. 27. VERBENA TRIDACTYLITES Lag. Shrubby, low, branching, slightly hirtellate, with white hairs. Leaves tripartite, their segments linear, rounded at the apex, revolute. Spikes terminal, capitate, solitary. Bracts oblong, more than half as long as the lo-ribbed calyx. Corolla-tube nearly twice as long as the calyx. ("Leaves connate bifid." Schauer in DC. Prodr.) Falklands; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Rio Sta. Cruz, in wet ground. 28. V. TRIDENS Lag. Shrub, i meter high. Leaves trifid, the segments subulate, arenose. Spikes cylindric. Bracts short, 3-toothed. S. Patagon., at mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz (Dusen) ; in Valley of R. Gallegos (Nordensk.). 29. V. UNIFLORA Phil. Fruticose, densely cespitose, very low, 7 cm. Leaves crowded, 4 mm. long, linear, obtuse, entire, pubescent, ciliate. Flowers solitary at ends of the branches. Calyx hirt. Corolla twice as long as calyx, pilose inside. Achenes 2 mm. long. (Chili; Argent.) V. UNIFLORA GLABRIUSCULA O. Ktze. Leaves subglabrous. Patagon. 2. LANTANA Linn. Usually shrubs, scabrous or tomentose, with simple hairs, and with opposite leaves. Spikes dense or capitate, pedunculate in the axils, the flowers red to orange or white, not large, sessile in bracts. Calyx small, truncate or toothed. Corolla-tube rather long, its lobes spreading. Ovary 2-celled; cells i -seeded. Dmpe juicy. Species 50, most in warm parts of Amer.; some in Asia & Afr. (fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 30, p. 150, A, B). L. CLARAZII Ball. Profusely branching. Leaves sessile, at least the upper, linear-lanceo- late, attenuate both ways, entire or revolute, midrib prominent, other MACLOSKIE: VERBENACE/E. . 691 nerves obsolete. Bracts ovate, nearly as long as the shortly 4-toothed calyx. Corolla exserted, bilabiate. Plateaux of N. Patagon., above Rio Negro. 3. LIPPIA Linn. Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate. Flowers small, bracted, in spikes or heads. Calyx small, 2-4-merous. Corolla 4-cleft, 2-lipped. Ovary 2-celled ; fruit dry, separating into 4 achenes. Species 100, most in tropical Amer. ; some extending to Mex. ; and outliers in Galapagos, Africa, Timor (not in Australasia). (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3*7, p. 150, C, D.) 1. L. FOLIOLOSA Phil. Low, fruticose, rather glabrous. Leaves crowded, minute, cuneate, oblong, 3-lobed, marginally revolute, with a leaf-fascicle in the axil. Spikes axillary along the branches, and terminal, short, subglobular. Bracts ovate, scarcely shorter than the hispid calyx. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon., Chubut, by Lago Fontana. 2. L. JUNCEA Schauer. Suffruticose ; sparsely leafy, glabrous. Branches long, fistulose. Leaves oblong, acute, or elliptic, the base narrowing to a petiole. Spikes termi- nal, somewhat lax. Flowers distichous ; bracts scale-like. Calyx short, hairy, its teeth short, unequal. Valdivia to N. Patagon., Mts. in Chubut. 3. L. LYCIOIDES Steud. Shrub, with tetragonal branches, and spinescent, hoary-pubescent branch- lets. Leaves aromatic, opposite, elliptical or lanceolate-oblong, attenuate- petiolate, subrevolute, entire or serrate from the middle, punctate above and below, tomentose. Solitary, axillary racemes, panicled at ends of branches and interruptedly whorled. Calyx campanulate, hirsute-villous, with subulate teeth. Corolla exceeding the calyx by half, its throat villous. (Argentina and S. Brazil ; its leaves are put into Paraguay Tea, and also used medicinally. Poleo of the Spaniards; Tschoike-mammel or Ostrich-wood of the Araucanians. Also in Mexico.) N. Patagon. 692 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. 4. LIPPIA NODIFLORA (L.) Michx. Creeping, short, appressed, dense hairs. Leaves thickish, spatulate to obovate, serrate toward their apex, entire and cuneate toward their base. Peduncles slender, many times exceeding the leaves, arising from the nodes. Heads ovoid. Calyx flat, 2-cleft. Corolla purple to white. (In warm parts of United States and W. Indies; and in all tropical sandy sea-coasts.) N. Patagon., by Roca Exped. 5. L. SERIPHIOIDES A. Gray. Intricately branching, scabrid shrub. Leaves minute (2-5 mm. long), fasciculate, linear-spatulate or cuneate, usually 3-lobed, revolute. Heads globose, at length elongating, solitary or racemed from short axillary peduncles. Bracts ovate, shorter than the bifid calyx. Anthers often with glandular appendages. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro ; S. Patagon., at Puerto Madryn. (Dusen). The characteristic species of Patagonia, not extending far beyond its boundaries; "Tomillodel campos" (Span.), "Loom" (Araucan.). Used as Thyme for flavoring, and its infusion as medicine. (L. citnodora (Lam.) Kunth., also known as Aloysia, and as Verbena triphylla, a stiff, branching shrub, with whorls of 3-4 leaves, and panicled spikes of flowers, is a garden favorite on account of its fragrance. Being a native of Chili, it may occur in North Patagonia.) 4. MONOPYRENA Speg. Calyx tubular, 5-costate, 5-dentate, in fruit changing or scarcely accres- cent ; corolla-tube straight, little enlarged upwards, limb patent, obscurely 2-labiate ; lobes 5, obtuse or retuse, the posterior external, the anterior internal. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted above the middle of the retrorsely hispid tube ; anthers ovate, the upper pair produced to a cla- vate appendage ; the lower pair not appendaged ; the cells subparallel. Ovary superior, entire, even in anthesis perfectly 4-celled ; cells i-ovulate. Style short, subtruncate, emarginate ; ovules fixed laterally near the base. Fruit enclosed in the calyx, dry, quite glabrous, not separating (2 of its pyrenes usually abortive), with an interrupted lacunula. Seeds linear, erect, with thin testa. Distinguished from Lippia by the cells of the pyrene being 2 ; from Verbena by the pyrenes not separating. MACLOSKIE I VERBENACE/E. 693 MONOPYRENA SERPYLLIFOLIA Speg. Prostrate woody shrub, all appressed-canescent-hispidulous. Young twigs slender. Leaves opposite, minute, obovate or rhomboid, thickish, entire. Spikes acrogenous, capitate, densely flowered. Corollas white with yellow throat. Cortex rimose ; woody white. Resembles a woolly Thymus serpylhtm. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge. 5. RHAPHITHAMNUS Miers. Small trees or shrubs, often armed, with opposite leaves and hermaph- rodite, often racemed, minutely bracteolate flowers. Calyx urceolate, shortly 5-toothed, accrescent. Corolla funnelform, its tube ventricose and contracted above, its limb spreading, 4-lobed and the posterior lobe 2-parted. Stamens didynamous, and a posterior rudiment. Ovary sub- globose, 2-carpellary ; each carpel 2-celled, the cells i-seeded. Style fili- form 2-lamellate at top, scarcely exsert. Drupe enclosed in the fleshy calyx. Species 6, Chili, Fernandez (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 30, p. 157, O-R.) i. R. CYANOCARPUS Miers (Hook. & Arn., sub Citharexylwri). Evergreen tree, to 6 m. high, with spines and glossy leaves. Branches terete, compressed at the nodes, FlG g yellow, often appressed-hirsute. Spines slender, orange, 2-3 times as long as the leaves. Leaves arising below the spines, orbicu- lar-ovate to rotundate, mucron- ate, margin revolute, sparsely dotted and sparsely hairy. Flow- ers pendulous, solitary and oppo- site, some in short, 3-4-flowered racemes, lilac. Drupes blue, as large as peas. (Fig. 89.) (Central Chili) ; Valdivia. "Arroyon espinado" (Prickly myrtle). The Indians rub pieces of its wood together in order to strike fire. "Conspicuous for its numerous bright green leaves, accompanied by golden spines and lilac flowers, inter- mixed with blue shining drupes." (J. Miers.) Rhaphithamus (yanocarpus. — Flowering branch, slightly reduced; also flower and fruit, slightly magni- fied. (After Hooker & Arnott.) 694 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. 2. RHAPHITHAMNUS PARVIFOLIUS Miers. Lower (4 m.) than last, with smaller leaves and shorter branches. Leaves mostly ternate, ovate-oblong, gradually acute from their middle, much dotted, not revolute. Spines few, exceeding the leaves. Axillary racemes, about 3-flowered. Flowers pale blue. Drupe smaller than a pea. (Chili & Is.) ; Valdivia, by Rio Negro. Family 98. LABIATE. Mint Family. Herbs or shrubs (or rarely tropical trees), with quadrangular stems and opposite leaves, mostly aromatic. Flowers axillary in the upper leaves ; usually in cymes or verticillasters, often forming a terminal spike or thyrse. Perianth zygomorphous, sympetalous, bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous, or only 2 ; epipetalous. Ovary superior, deeply 4-lobed ; the style arising from its central depression, simple, apically bifid. Fruit enclosed in the persistent calyx, separating into 4 small, i -seeded achenes. Seeds with scanty or no endosperm. Species 3,000, widely distributed in temperate and warm climates. KEY TO THE GENERA. (The Patagonian genera have the style completely gynobasic ; dry nutlets with thin pericarp, basilar, or rarely basi-dorsal, attachment, and usually small stigma.) A. Seed more or less transversal. Embyro with curved radicle lying on one of the cotyledons. Mature calyx not urceolate, bipartite and a deciduous protuberance on its dorsal surface. Its anterior segment persists. I. Scutcllaria, p. 695. A2. Seed erect. Embryo with straight, short, superior radicle. Disk -lobes when present alter- nating with fruit-lobes. Nutlets with small, basilar attachment. b. Filaments ascending, or diverging and straight. c. Corolla-tube usually included by the calyx ; stamens and style included ; nutlets ovoid, rounded above. Dorsal lip of corolla specialized. Calyx 5-io-toothed. Anthers diverging ; the pollen sacs ultimately fusing by their apex. Cymes axillary. 2. Marrubium, p. 695. c2. Corolla-tube usually not included ; and stamens not included in the corolla-tube. Calyx 5 -toothed, or 2 -lipped with the lower lip at least toothed. Anther-lobes parallel or diverging, long or ovoid, but not fusing apically, and not spreading wide after shedding their pollen. d. Corolla strongly 2-lipped ; the upper lip concave, partly sickle or helmet-shaped Anthers ovoid. Stamens 4, the dorsal pair shorter. c. Calyx short-tubular, obscurely ribbed, 2-lipped, the lips short, entire. Corolla exsert, with broad tube ; its upper lip broad-ovate, retuse ; its under lip 3- lobed, the mid lobe twice as large as the side lobes, hairy inside. Stamens MACLOSKIE I LABIAT/E. 695 ascend under the upper lip. Anther-lobes ultimately X-shaped. A low shrub with ovate, entire, 3 -nerved leaves. 3. Cruzia, p. 696. e2. Calyx tubular-campanulate or with wide border and somewhat funnelform, with 5 triangular teeth, rarely 2-lipped. Corolla-tube mostly included. Upper corolla-lip concave or helmet-shaped, rarely flat. Style branches subequal. Pollen-sacs parallel, spreading. Nutlets ovoid, apically rounded. 4. Stachys, p. 696. d2. Corolla 2-lipped or almost regular, its lobes flat. Upper lip, if present, flat or slightly concave. Anthers ovoid, the pollen-sacs diverging. Calyx 10-13, rarely 15-nerved, the teeth not attenuate-awned. Stamens ascending under the upper lip. e. Fertile stamens 2 (the anterior pair) ; the others none or reduced. Lower calyx- teeth not exceeding the upper. Styles naked. 5. Hedeoma, p. 697. e2. Fertile stamens 4. Calyx lo-nerved, cylindrical, or slightly flat upwards. Lower calyx-teeth at least as long as the upper. Corolla-tube straight or slightly curved, included or exsert. Calyx not elongated in fruit. 6. Satureia, p. 697. b2. Filaments descending, lying on or enclosed by the under lip. Anterior lobes of the corolla scarcely longer, but narrower than the posterior, flat, or slightly concave. Ripe calyx enlarged. Corolla-tube included or nearly so. Filaments of anterior stamens free. Style sagittately 2-cleft. 7. Ocimum, p. 698. i. SCUTELLARIA Linn. Skullcap. (Plate XXIV, A.) Herbs or undershrubs, with gibbous, 2-lipped calyx, whose upper lip has a crest, or protuberance on its back, and is often deciduous in fruit. Corolla much exserted. Stamens 4 ; the upper with 2-celled anthers, the lower with i -celled. Species 100, widely distributed. S. NUMMULARLEFOLIA Hook. f. Small, glandular-puberulent or densely pubescent. Stems 9 cm. high, slender, ascending. Leaves small (6 by 4 mm.), broad, elliptical-oblong to rotundate, obtuse, entire, narrowing to a short petiole. Floral leaves like the others. Corolla thrice as long as the calyx. S. Patagon., by Hatcher, at Rio Sta. Cruz ; Nordenskjold in Valley of Rio Gallegos ; Dusen in N. and E. Fuegia. Not in S. Fuegia ; a steppe- plant, most characteristic of Patagon. (Dusen). 2. MARRUBIUM Linn. Perennial herbs, with wrinkled, toothed or incised leaves, the floral leaves similar, and small flowers in axillary verticillasters. Calyx costate, 696 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. 5-io-toothed. Corolla-tnbe included; upper lip nearly plane or concave. Stoutens 4, the anterior pair the longer. Pollen-sacs at length confluent. Nutlets apically rounded. Species 30, Old World; i in Amer. (introduced). MARRUBIUM VULGARE Linn. Horehound. Branches white-woolly. Leaves ovate or rounded, petioled, soft- woolly, greenish to white, crenate. Calyx-teeth 10, subulate, recurved, woolly. Corolla white, its lower lip 3-cleft, spreading. (Eurasia; Amer.); Patagon. 3. CRUZIA Phil. Calyx short, tubular, ecostate, bilabiate, with short, entire lips, and glabrous on the back. Corolla rather large, with ample tube, exsert ; its upper lip broadly ovate, emarginate; its lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes rounded, the mid one twice as broad, bearded inside. Stamens 4, on the upper side ; anther-cells confluent, at length round-reniform. Species i, viz.: C. SERPYLLACEA Phil. Low shrub, rough, hairy, with filiform branches. Leaves obovate-or- bicular, short-petioled, entire, 3-nerved. Flowers shortly pediceled, with subulate bractlets. S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. 4. STACHYS Linn. Herbs, with flowers clustered in terminal, dense or interrupted spikes. Calyx campanulate, 5-io-nerved, its 5 teeth subequal, not spreading. Corolla with narrow tube; its upper lip erect, concave, entire or emar- ginate; its lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the mid-lobe broad. Stamens 4, ascending, the anterior the longer; anthers contiguous in pairs, their sacs diverging. Style 2-cleft. Ache-ties ovoid. Species 200, in temperate and cold regions ; in S. Afr. and Chili ; not in Austr., nor in New Zeal. 5. CHONOTICA Hook. f. Erect, hispid-pilose. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate or ovate- oblong, obtuse or acute, cordate at base, crenate-serrate. Floral leaves MACLOSKIE I LABIATVE. 697 bract-like, exceeding the calyx. Verticillasters 4-8-flowered, remote. Calyx hispid, its teeth ovate-awned. Corolla glabrous, its tube longer than the calyx. (Close to S. sylvatica of Europe, but with narrower and more obtuse leaves, shorter petioles and less deeply cleft lower lip.) (Chili) ; Chonos Archip. 5. HEDEOMA Pers. Mock Penny-royal. Leaves small, entire or crenulate. Flowers small, in axillary clusters, crowded into terminal spikes or racemes. Calyx tubular, i3-nerved, vil- lous inside. Corolla with erect upper lip and spreading lower lip. Sta- mens 2, ascending under the upper lip; staminodes 2 or none. Style 2-cleft. Achenes ovoid, smooth. Species 15, America. H. MULTIFLORA Benth. Suffruticose, branching from the base ; the branches pubescent. Leaves subsessile, linear, entire, revolute, punctate, scabrous. Verticillasters axillary, 2-6-flowered. Corolla twice as long as the hispid calyx. Bracts at the base of the pedicel 2, resembling leaves, but shorter than the pedicel. Style exserted, the under lobe involving the upper. (Argentina; S. Brazil); N. Patagon. "Menta del campo," used medi- cinally, its decoction for diarrhoea. 6. SATUREIA Linn. Savory, Pampas Tea. Herbs or shrubs, with small leaves, sometimes also with leaf-fascicles in the axils ; and with bracted, purple flowers in terminal or axillary clusters. Calyx campanulate, usually 10-13 (-i5)-nerved, naked or villous inside. Corolla with upper lip erect, flat, sometimes emarginate ; lower lip spread- ing, 3-cleft. Stamens 4, connivent under the upper lip. Style 2-cleft above. Species 18, one used as a garden herb; most in Mediterranean region. i. S. DARWINII (Benth., sub Micromeria] Briq. (Plate XXIV, B.) Low, diffuse, from a woody stock, pale or hoary. Leaves petiolate, ovate or obovate, narrow at base, scarcely revolute. Verticillasters 2- flowered. Calyx subsessile, 13-nerved, the teeth short, obtuse; villous 698 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. inside. Corolla-tube short, exserted. Fruit with a crimson disk support- ing the light-yellow achenes. S. Patagon., by Peterson at Coy Inlet; by Dus£n at Rio Sta. Cruz and in E. Fuegia; by Nordenskj., at Valley of Rio Gallegos. "Sta. Cruz Tea," "Pampas-tea," growing in patches everywhere over the pampas. 2. SATUREIA PUSILLA (Phil., sub Micromerid]. Low, 6 cm., much branching, the filiform branches and leaves glabrous. Leaves 3.5 mm. long, equalling the internodes, ovate, apically rounded, attenuate-petiolate. Flowers axillary, the verticillasters 2-flowered. Peduncles scarcely half as long as the calyx, 2-bracteolate. Calyx hispid, with white, spreading bristles, its tube 3-5 mm. long ; its teeth acute, erect, subequal, triangular. Anthers and stigma subincluded. Magellan, by Safford at Gregory Bay. 7. OCIMUM Linn. Terminal racemes or panicles of rather small, white flowers, with exserted genitalia, and short corolla-ttibe. Calyx deflexed in fruit, with broad posterior tooth. Upper corolla-lip 4-cleft ; lower entire. Disk of 1-4 glands. Stamens 4, anther-lobes confluent, i-celled, reniform. Achenes dry, mucilaginous when wetted. Species 60, tropical. O. CARNOSUM Link. & Otto. Stem herbaceous, subglabrous. Leaves petiolate, ovate, acutish, coarsely serrate, glabrous, somewhat fleshy. Floral leaves bract-like, deciduous. Racemes simple, many-flowered. Calyx campanulate, gla- brous, its throat naked inside, the margins of the upper tooth reflexed and decurrent ; the lateral teeth truncate, cuspidate ; the lowest teeth setaceous-mucronate. Corolla purplish, scarcely longer than the calyx. Upper filainents with a basal tuft of hairs. Achenes triquetrous, black, smooth. (S. Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. Family 99. SOLANACE^E. Potato Family. Usually herbs or shrubs, with regular, 5-merous, sympetalous flowers, often in cymes and bractless. Stamens 5, epipetalous, alternating with MACLOSKIE : SOLANACE/E. 699 the corolla-lobes (except Petunia]. Ovary superior, mostly 2-celled. Style slender, simple. Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds many, with endosperm. Species 1,250, in warm countries. Some in extra-tropical America, and in Australia. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Embryo curved more than a semicircle. Stamens all 5 fertile, subequal. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a berry. b. Filament fixed on the lower end of the small connective, which lies between the pollen- sacs ; chief axis of plant elongated. c. Corolla narrow tubular with narrow border, funnel- or salverform. Stamens inserted in the tube, not toothed at the insertion. Woody plants, usually with i -flowered axil- lary flowers. . i. Lycium, p. 699. c2. Corolla rotate or campanulate, with broad border. d. Anthers free, opening by longitudinal slits. Calyx close under the fruit, ribbed, bladderfbrm, enclosing the berry. Corolla rotate. Flowers solitary. 2. Physalis, p. 705. d2. Anthers connivent in a tube, or free and then opening by terminal pores ; outer wall thicker than inner. 3. Solatium, p. 705. b2. Filament dorsifixed in the anther, or, if joining the lower end of the connective, this runs up dorsally. c. Shrubs, trees, or herbs, with elongated axis. Corolla crownless. 4. Salpichroa, p. 707. c2. Herbs with short or creeping axis. Corolla funnelform, with spreading border and narrow tube. 5. Jaborosa, p. 708. A2. Embryo straight or only slightly bent (less than a semicircle). Seeds with endosperm. Stamens all fertile, subequal, or 1—3 shorter. b. Fruit a few-seeded berry. Corolla lobes folded in the bud. Woody plants. 6. Cestrum, p. 708. b2. Fruit a septicidal capsule, with many small seeds. Stamens unequal. Mostly with soli- tary, terminal or lateral flowers. c. Shrub. Stamens shorter than the corolla. 7. Fabiana, p. 709. C2. Herbs. No mid-lobes between the 5 corolla-lobes. d. Filaments inserted midway or lower in the corolla-tube, which gradually widens upwards. Stigma shortly 2-lobed. Capsule with unparted, or nearly un- parted valve. 8. Petunia, p. 710. d2. Filaments inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube, which suddenly widens to the border. 9. Nierembergia, p. 711. A$. Capsule I -celled, I -seeded. (Ovary 2-celled.) Small shrubs with rosulate leaves, and erect, yellowish-white flowers ; corolla-tube long, with short limb. 10. Bentliamiella, p. 712. i. LYCIUM Linn. Shrubs or climbers often spiny, with small, alternate, entire leaves, often with leaf-fascicles in the axils ; and white or greenish or purplish flowers. 700 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. Calyx small, persistent, but not enlarged in fruit. Corolla-lobes imbricate, not plicate. Stamens inserted in the tube ; anthers opening by slits, often protruding. Berry globose to oblong, nearly dry. Species 75, in warm and temperate regions. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3/5, p. 15, H-K.) KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Unarmed. b. Leaves very narrow, capillary-linear, fleshy, pubescent, fascicled. Flowers solitary, small. Berry small, red. capillare, b2. Leaves narrow-linear, thickish, glabrous. Flowers solitary, on slender pedicels. Corolla- tube thrice as long as calyx. Branches feeble. filifolium. £3. Leaves small, linear-spatulate or narrower, glabrous, ciliate, fascicled. c. Flowers solitary, subsessile. melanopotamicum. c2. Flowers few or solitary, shortly pediceled. acanthocladum. £4. Leaves solitary, obovate to spatulate, glabrous or hairy. Flower solitary, axillary. Corolla twice as long as calyx. Prostrate, creeping. repens. b$. Leaves varying, fascicled, some separate. Corolla short, funnelform, lilac -white, turning yellow. Berries red. salsum. A2. Nearly unarmed, glabrous. Leaves fleshy, small, spatulate, or long and narrow. Flowers solitary ; corolla-tube twice as long as the hairy calyx ; tufts and glands inside. Berry scarlet. patagonicum. A$. Spinose shrubs. b. Tufts and glands in the corolla-tube. c. Leaves few, minute, obovate, fleshy. Flowers solitary, long-peduncled. Berry red. Glabrous plants. infaustum. c2. Leaves fascicled, minute, narrow-linear to spatulate. Flowers few on solitary short peduncles. Berry scarlet. Pubescent. pubescens. b2. Leaves small, clavate, solitary on the spines, or fascicled. Flowers solitary in the fas- cicles, short-pediceled. c. Flowers 5-merous, greenish. chubutense. c2. Flowers 4-merous, white. durispina. £3. Leaves linear-subulate, long attenuate-petiolate, fascicled. Flowers solitary in the fas- cicles. Corolla narrow-tubular, hairy. Berry scarlet. elongatum. 64.. Leaves narrow-linear, minute, viscous, fascicled. Flowers solitary in the fascicles. Calyx tubular, cleft; corolla-limb short. tenuispinosum. £5. Leaves small, linear-spatulate. Calyx minute; corolla attenuate. Berries bright red; spines strong. wilkesii, 66. Leaves oblong-linear or subspatulate. Flowers usually in pairs from fascicles. Corolla thrice as long as calyx. longiflorum. by. Leaves oblanceolate, fascicled. Flowers few pediceled. ameghinoi. I. LVCIUM ACANTHOCLADUM Speg. Brachycope (sc. corolla-tube cylindrical, lobes not half as long, calyx 4-toothed; filaments hairy). Woolly filaments, calyx 4-toothed, rough. MACLOSKIE : SOLANACEyE. 701 Shrub, with densely intricate branches, more or less thick and densely nodulose ; the nodules tuberculiform, elliptical. Leaves fasciculate, linear- spatulate, obtuse, their base long-cuneate, sessile. Flowers few-gregarious or solitary in the leaf-fascicles. Pedicel glabrous, just exceeding the small calyx. Corolla lilac, broad funnelform, at least four times as long as the calyx. Style long, exsert. S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine. 2. LYCIUM AMEGHINOI Speg. Brachycope, perennial spinose shrub, with the nodes of the branches scarcely prominent. Leaves fasciculate, oblanceolate, attenuate both ways, thickish, glabrous. Flowers few— gregarious, shortly pediceled. Corolla white, twice as long as the calyx, glabrous. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge. 3. L. CAPILLARE Miers. Shrubby, unarmed; branches virgate, very slender, horizontally divari- cate, white-pubescent, with pale yellow lines decurrent from the nodes on both sides. Leaves fascicled (5 to 8), capillary-linear, finely pubescent, fleshy (8 by % mm.). Flowers solitary, small, on slender peduncles. Calyx small, cup-like, 5-striate and 5-toothed, the teeth glabrous, acute. Corolla- tube 5-sulcate, the limb with 5 oblong segments, ciliolate. Stamens equal, exserted, glabrous. Berry the size of a small pea, red, supported by the cleft calyx. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon. FIG. 90. 4. L. CHUBUTENSE Dusen. Armed. Shrub, i m. high, much branch- ing; the cortex pale gray, subrimose-glan- dular on young branchlets, which become Spines. Leaves Small, Solitary On the Spines, Lyrium chubutense, flowering branch, Or fasciculate, attenuate, sessile below, natural size; also magnified flower (on ,, , . , .., ,-,, right). Also L. durispina, flower (on mostly clavate, entire, glanduhferous. Flow- left) and calyx (bei0w). (After Dusen.) ers solitary in the leaf-fascicles, short-pedi- celed, with glandular hairs. Calyx subcylindrical, 5-lobed to the middle ; its lobes narrow and slightly reflexed. Corolla funnelform, with cylin- 702 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS 1 BOTANY. drical tube, much exceeding the calyx ; pale green, with 5 rounded lobes. Stamens and style slightly exsert. (Fig. 90, except right figure.) S. Patagon., at Puerto Madryn. 5. LYCIUM DURISPINA Dusen. Shrub, under I m. high, intricately branching, very rigid, spinose. Cortex smooth, rimose. Leaves solitary or fasciculate, short, mostly clavate, obtuse, sessile, entire, fleshy, glandular. Flowers 1-3 in the fascicles, short-pediceled. Calyx short-cylindraceous, 4-cleft, the seg- ments broadly triangular. Corolla white, cylindraceous, twice as long as the calyx, 4-lobed, with rounded, revolute segments. Stamens and style slightly exsert. (Fig. 90, right figure.) Allied to L. ameghinoi Speg. Patagon., near mouth of Rio Chubut, at Rawson. 6. L. ELONGATUM Miers. Armed. Glabrous, branching shrub, the branchlets spinescent, flexu- ose, glaucous-gray. Leaves 4-8, fascicled, linear-subulate, obtuse, long, attenuate-petiolate, rather fleshy. Flowers solitary in the fascicles, short- pediceled. Calyx cylindrical, its subulate lobes as long as its tube. Co- rolla narrow-tubular, externally hairy, its lobes very short, rounded. Stamens unequal, included. Style exsert. Small, scarlet, ovate berry. (Argentina); Patagon., by Rio Negro; Puerto Madryn. 7. L. FILIFOLIUM Gill. Unarmed. Small shrub, with feeble branches on the ground, glabrous. Leaves narrow-linear (about 14 by three-fourths mm.), thickish. Flowers slender pediceled, solitary. Calyx cup-like, 2 mm. long, 5-6-costate and toothed, somewhat hairy. Corolla-tube thrice as long, with a beaded basal ring, 5-6 oblong lobes, shorter than its tube. Stamens 5-6, in- serted in the narrowed part of the tube, protruding. (Argentina, Tschayem); N. Patagon. L. FILIFOLIUM MINUTIFOLIUM Miers. Branches almost filiform. Leaves 4-5 mm. by one-half mm. Calyx 3 mm. long. Berry red, 4 mm. diam. Patagon. MACLOSKIE : SOLANACE/e. 703 8. LYCIUM INFAUSTUM Miers. Spinose. Glabrous shrub, intricately branching; the branchlets pale and angulate-ribbed. Leaves few, minute, obovate, fleshy, pale. Flowers solitary, long pediceled. Calyx small, urceolate, with 5 triangular teeth. Corolla funnelform, its segments ovate, shorter than its tube. Stamens long-exserted ; 5 tufts of hair alternating with 5 staminal ciliated glands in the corolla-tube. Berry red, smaller than a pea. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon. 9- L. LONGIFLORUM Phil. Spinose and glabrous ; the virgate branches emitting frequent spines 25-50 mm. long. Leaves fascicled, oblong-linear, basally attenuate, sub- spatulate. Flowers generally in pairs from the leaf-fascicles, with short, filiform peduncle. Calyx short, 5-toothed. Corolla tubular-funnelform, thrice as long as the calyx. Stamens 5, exsert, and longer than the style. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon. IO. L. MELANOPOTAMICUM Nied. Unarmed shrub, with virgate, costate branches. Leaves glabrous, cil- iate-edged, 4-7 in a fascicle, from cup-like nodes ; small, linear-spatulate, or linear, basi-attenuate, subsessile, 2-7 mm. long, their apex callous- mucronate. Flowers solitary on pedicels of 3 mm. N. Patagon. ii. L. PATAGONICUM Miers. (L. salsum patagonicum O. Ktze.) Nearly imarrned, glabrous, branching; the branchlets angulate, with tawny ribs. Leaves small, spatulate, or long and narrow, fleshy, thick- edged, short-petioled. Flowers solitary, the 5-toothed calyx and pedicel hairy. Corolla-tube funnelform, twice as long as the calyx ; with a fleshy pilose ring outside below, and alternating hair-tufts and ciliated staminal glands inside. Corolla-lobes 5, oblong, ciliate, exceeding the tube. Stamens exsert. Berry ovate, scarlet. Patagon., by Rivers Chico and Sta. Cruz. 12. L. PUBESCENS Miers. (L. salsum pubescens O. Ktze.) Armed. Pubescent, branching ; the branches horizontal, spinose, leafy. Leaves very small, fascicled, narrow-linear to spatulate, nearly glutinous- tomentose. Flowers few, from solitary, short peduncles. Calyx urceo- 704 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. late, with 5 linear teeth. Corolla-tube twice as long, having hair-tufts and starninal glands alternating; its lobes oblong, exceeding the tube. Stamens inserted low in the tube ; anthers exserted. Berry small, scarlet. Patagon. 13. LYCIUM REPENS Speg. Brachycope (see L. acanthocladuni}. Calyx 5-toothed, filaments smooth. Unarmed, prostrate, creeping perennial, laxly branching. Leaves soli- tary, thickish, obovate or spatulate, often obtuse, glabrous or pubescent. Flowers solitary, axillary, peduncle bractless, shorter than the leaves. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Fruit subglobose, black in the scarcely accrescent calyx. S. Patagon., by Rivers Deseado and Sta. Cruz. 14. L. SALSUM Ruiz & Pav. Leaves partly fascicled, partly separate. Corolla funnelform, short, deeply partite, lilac-white turning yellowish, the genitalia exsert. Calyx broad-toothed. Red berries. Varying as to pilosity and breadth of leaf. Several varieties are thus derived, extending over subtropical and cool parts of S. Amer. L. SALSUM FLORIBUNDUM (Miers) O. Ktze. Plant pubescent. Leaves plane linear. (Argentina) ; Patagon. 15. L. TENUISPINOSUM Miers. Armed. Intricately branching, viscous-hairy shrub, the branches tawny, and very aciculate-spinose. Leaves minute, fasciculate, narrow-linear. Flowers solitary from the fascicles. Calyx tubular, with jointed hairs, 5- cleft beyond the middle, their segments lanceolate, reflexed. Corolla- limb shorter than the tube. Stamens exserted, their insertion upwards in the tube. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon. 1 6. L. WILKESII Ball. With sharp, strong spines. Leaves small, linear-spatulate. Calyx minute, its lobes short. Corolla attenuate, subentire, rather crenate at its mouth. Pedicels short, elongating under the bright red berries. N. Patagon., " Hurngan" ; "Mataperro." Dogs are hurt by its spines. MACLOSKIE I SOLANACE^E. 705 2. PHYSALIS Linn. Herbs, sometimes woody at base, with entire or sinuately toothed leaves, and mostly solitary, axillary peduncles. Calyx enlarged in fruit like a bladder around the pulpy berry. Corolla yellow, or white, or with a dark center, sub-campanulate, plicate. Anthers opening by slits. Species 50, many in Amer. P. VISCOSA Linn. Perennial from a creeping stock ; having dense, stellate, ashy pubescence. Leaves elliptic to ovate, obtuse, entire or wavy, sometimes basally cor- date. Peduncles 1-2 mm. long. Calyx stellately hairy, its lobes tri- angular, short. Berry orange. (S. United States to Argentina. Called Camanbu in N. Brazil ; widely spread near inhabited places) ; N. Patagon. 3. SOLANUM Linn. Herbs or shrubs, often stellately hairy ; with the stamens inserted in the throat of the rotate corolla, and the anthers united into a cone and usually opening by terminal pores. Ovary 2-celled, becoming a globose berry. Species 900, most in tropical America. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, sinuate, scaly-tomentose, sometimes prickly. Raceme few-flowered, cymose, silvery. el&agnifolium. A2. Leaves oblong, subsessile, basi-cuneate, apically 3-lobed, and laterally lobed, tomentose underneath. Terminally subumbellate, 2— 3-flowered. chenopodifolium. A$. Leaves ovate. b. Leaves rather large, toothed, glabrous. Stem and raceme forked. furcatum. b2. Leaves inequilateral, subentire, subglabrous. Umbel lateral, 3-1 o-flowered. Berry black. nigrum. A^. Leaves pinnately divided. b. Leaf-segments linear, obtuse, mid one small. Upper leaves entire. Raceme terminal, forked. Berry scarlet. maritimum. b2. Mid leaf-segment large. Corymb terminal, few-flowered. commersonii. b$. Leaf-segments linear, entire or appendaged at base. Peduncles lateral, i-few-flowered, nutant in fruit. pryrethrifoliittn. 64. Interruptedly pinnatisect, the alternate segments small. Corymbs terminal. Tuberiferous. tuberosum. i. S. CHENOPODIFOLIUM Dunal. Shrub. Branches obscurely sanguineous, subquadrangular, angulate- winged, pilose. Leaves subsessile, ovate-oblong, cuneate at base, api- 706 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. cally 3-lobed ; the lateral lobes tooth-like, mid-lobe long and large, obtuse, green-hairy above, ruddy-tomentose beneath. Racemes terminal, about 3-flowered ; flowers pediceled, subumbellate. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon. 2. SOLANUM COMMERSONII Dunal. Stem herbaceous, pilose. Leaves petiolate, subpinnatisect ; the ter- minal segment large ; lateral segments unequal, mostly obtuse. Racemes terminal, corymbose, few-flowered. Corolla-segments narrow, acute. (Montevideo) ; N. Patagon. 3. S. EL^AGNIFOLIUM Cav. Stems suffruticose, from a subterranean caudex, branching, scaly tomen- tose, hoary, spinose. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, sinuate-repand, discolored, scaly tomentose on both sides, unarmed or sparsely prickly ; silvery and nervose underneath. Racemes few-flowered, cymose, silvery. (Mexico to Argentina); N. Patagon., "following civilization south- wards of Buenos Ayres as a troublesome weed." 4. S. FURCATUM Dunal. Stem herbaceous, subdichotomous, angulate-toothed, glabrous. Leaves rather large, ovate, dentate, glabrous. Racemes furcate. (Peru) ; W. Patagon. 5. S. MARITIMUM Meyen. Pulverulent-scabrous. Stem herbaceous (?), compressed-trigonal, much branching, divaricate. Leaves succulent, pinnatipartite, 15 mm. long, the segments linear-obtuse, mid one short, laterals entire or i -toothed down- wards at base. Upper leaves linear, entire. Raceme terminal bifid, divergent, flowers nodding. Corolla-lobes acute, blue. Fruit scarlet. Near Pyrethrifolium Gris. (Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. 6. S. NIGRUM Linn. Black Nightshade. Erect, branching annual, glabrous or with simple hairs. Leaves petioled, ovate, inequilateral, mostly entire, acute. Peduncles lateral, umbellately 3-io-flowered. Calyx-lobes oblong, spreading, shorter than the white corolla, persisting under the black, shining berry. MACLOSKIE I SOLANACE/E. 707 (Old and New Worlds, in waste places.) Greatly varying as to the leaf-margin and as to the degree of glabrescence. SOLANUM NIGRUM FRUTESCENS. N. Patagon. S. NIGRUM HUMILE. (S. humile Salisb. Prodr. 134.) N. Patagon. 7- S. PYRETHRIFOLIUM Gr. Unarmed, branching, diffused annual herb, 30 cm. high.strigose, pubes- cent. Leaves pinnatipartite, attenuate to a slender petiole ; parts 3-5 pairs, linear, entire, or appendaged at the base. Peduncles lateral, i -few- flowered, cernuous, reflexed and nodding in fruit. Calyx small, 5-cleft, a little shorter than the corolla. Anther-pores oblong, introrse. (Argentina); N. Patagon. 8. S. TUBEROSUM Linn. Potato. Unarmed, tuberiferous herb, with interruptedly pinnatisect leaves, their segments alternately larger and smaller ; and terminal corymbs on articu- late pedicels, having plicate, 5~angled corolla. Chonos Archip. S. TUBEROSUM VULGARE. Pubescent, stem robust. Leaves large, and flowers rather large. Calyx- lobes broad-ovate, acuminate. Chonos Archip., there called Papas, supposed to be the origin of the cul- tivated potato. Other varieties, with smaller flowers, in Peru, Chili, and Argentina, all called Maglia, produce tubers under cultivation. 4. SALPICHROA Miers. Branching herbs or shrubs, with long-petioled, entire, mostly small leaves, and solitary white or yellow flowers. Calyx not enlarged in fruit. Corolla crownless, its lobes induplicate, valvate. Anthers dorsifixed, opening by slits. Disk fleshy. Berry ovoid. Seeds compressed. Species 10, in extra-tropical S. Amer. S. RHOMBOIDEA MierS. Procumbent or climbing undershrub. Stems pale yellow. Branches oppositifoliose, flexuose, subangulate, green, hairy. Leaves ovate-rhom- boid, rather unequal at base, hoary above, pale underneath. Peduncles 708 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. slender, hairy, rather pendulous. Corolla glabrous, white, its lobes oblong- linear, acute, reflexed. (Brazil, and spreading southwards from Argentina) ; N. Patagon. ; Magellan. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3$, p. 26, K, L.) 5. JABOROSA Juss. (including Himeranthus Endl.). Prostrate creeping or cespitose perennials, often from a thick rhizome, with toothed or pinnatified leaves, and white or yellowish flowers, usually on long peduncles. Calyx campanulate, scarcely enlarging in fruit. Corolla often hairy inside. Disk small or none. Anthers opening by slits. Stigmatic lobes 2-5, oblong, conniving. Berry globose, not juicy. Species 9, chiefly in Bolivia, Chili, Argentina. i. J. MAGELLANICA Benth. & Hook. (Gris. sub Himeranthus]. Rhizome napiform. Stem prostrate, diffuse, woolly. Leaves on a long, woolly petiole, runcinate, fleshy, glabrous, the segments with mucronate teeth. Pedttncles extra-axillary, aggregate, cernuous in fruit, shorter than the petioles. Bracteoles minute, hairy. Calyx 5-partite, short. Corolla- limb twice as long as its tube, the segments ovate-oblong, exceeding the didymous anthers and clavate style. Berry biglobose, smooth, with many reniform seeds. Magellan ; E. Fuegia (Dusen) ; Killik Aike (Barnum Brown). 2. J. RUNCINATA Lam. (Endl. sub Himeranthus]. Leaves oblong, lyrate-runcinate, petiolate. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Rhizome woody, creeping and going deep. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon. 6. CESTRUM Linn. Shrubs or low trees, glabrous or hirtellate, or stellately tomentose ; with alternate, entire leaves, and cymes of white, red, or orange flowers at the axils, or becoming paniculate at the ends of the branches. Corolla-lobes induplicate-valvate, spreading in anthesis. Anther short, dorsally ap- posed after dehiscence. Stigma subpeltate. Omtles few. Berry not juicy. Species 140, from Florida and Mexico, and the West Indies through S. Amer. MACLOSKIE I SOLANACEyE. 709 CESTRUM PARQUI L'Her. Stems numerous, erect, branching, floriferous. Leaves short-petioled, narrow-lanceolate, acute both ways, subundulate, glabrous ; younger leaves of the axillary buds like stipules. Panicles terminal, erect, leafy and bracted, containing spike-like racemes. (In moist parts of Chili; a fetid shrub, the flowers smelling by night; "in south of the Province of Buenos Ayres," J. Ball); probably in N. Patagon. 7. FABIANA Ruiz & Pav. Erect, heath-like shrubs, with small, crowded leaves, and numerous short- pediceledyfowr.?, terminal or oppositifoliose. Calyx-teeth mostly ovate, obtuse. Corolla-tube long, enlarged upwards, its limb short, with indu- plicate-valvate lobes. Anthers short, their lobes dorsally apposed, at length subglobose. Disk fleshy. Stigma dilated. Capsule oblong, 2- celled, each cell 2-valved. Seeds numerous. Species 52, Chili and Brazil, and southwards. i. F. HIERONYMI Nied. Shrub branching from below, the branches thick, flexuose, cylindrical. Yoimg branches yellow-green, granulate (not viscid). Leaves sessile, scaleform, semiorbicular, only half mm. long, glabrous, 3 larger under the calyx. Flowers terminal, solitary, subsessile. Calyx glabrous, persist- ing under the subcylindrical, glabrous capsule. Seeds small, brown. N. Patagon. 2. F. IMBRICATA Ruiz & Pav. Short, leafy shrub, with erect branching stem and branchlets. Leaves minute, i mm. long, ovate, sessile, concave, scale-like, thickish, imbricat- ing. Flowers along the branchlets, solitary, sessile. Calyx cup-like, 5- cleft ; its segments obtusish. Corolla-segments short, obtuse, reflexed, white or somewhat violet. Ovary with a red, fleshy, bipartite, basal nectary. Habit of tamarisk. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 31, D, E, F.) (Chili, rocky places and sands by streams) ; Patagon., Chubut. 3. F. PATAGONICA Speg. Denuded, viscous, scarcely subpuberulous. Branchlets erect, straight, terete, remotely subnodulose. Leaves small, narrowly linear, spatulate, PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. soon deciduous. Flowers terminal on the branches, subracemosely erect on a very short, 2-bracteolate peduncle. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Puerto Madryn. 4. FABIANA PECKII Nied. Branching shrub ; all the branches approximate and ending in solitary flowers or racemes. Cortex glabrous, obscurely spotted. Leaves small, narrow-linear, 4 by a half mm., obtuse, sessile, deciduous. Flower on a nearly leafless branchlet. Calyx 5-lobed, its lobes triangular-acuminate. Ovaty subovate, in a fleshy 2-lobed disk. Fruiting calyx 5 mm. by 2 mm., glabrous, gray. N. Patagon. 8. PETUNIA Juss. Viscid, pubescent herbs, with entire leaves and axillary or terminal, soli- tary, usually large, white to purplish flowers. Calyx 5-partite, with nar- row segments. Corolla funnel- to salverform, plicate. Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla, 4 and didynamous, or 5 and unequal. Disk fleshy. Ovary and capsule 2-celled. Style filiform ; stigma 2-lamellate. Seeds many, rugose. Species 12, S. Amer. i. P. AXILLARIS (Lam. sub Nicotiana, 1797; P. nyctaginiflora Juss., 1803) Britton. Stout, 30 cm. high. Leaves ovate to obovate, rather blunt, sessile and opposite near the flowers ; alternate and becoming short-petioled down- wards. Peduncles slender, about 7 cm. long. Calyx-segments narrow. Corolla-tube slightly enlarged upwards, thrice as long as the calyx, the limb abruptly spreading to 5 cm. broad, with rounded lobes. (S. Brazil ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon. Cultivated in gardens, and escaped everywhere. (Fig. in Britt. & Br. iii, p. 141.) 2. P. HUMIFUSA Dunal. Herbaceous annual, with prostrate stems, 5-10 cm. long, scarcely puberulent and glandulous. Leaves oblong-linear, 30 mm. long, sub- spatulate, repand, obtuse, attenuate-petiolate, the petiole subamplexicaul. Flowers solitary, axillary, long-peduncled ; peduncles filiform, not as long as the leaf. Calyx subcampanulate, deeply 5-cleft, the segments oblong- MACLOSKIE : SOLANACE/E. 7 1 I lanceolate, obtuse, lineate. Corolla tubular within the calyx-tube, slen- der, then enlarged and funnel-campanulate. Stamens unequal, inserted in top of tube, filiform, puberulous. Style straight, half as long as corolla. (Chili) ; Patagon., near Rio Sta. Cruz. 9. NIEREMBERGIA Ruiz & Pav. Low, perennial herbs, generally slender and glabrous, with entire leaves and often violet or pale showy flowers. Corolla-tube long and slender, with an enlarged, campanulate throat, and a plicate, 5-lobed, spreading limb. Stamens exserted, 4 of them didynamous, the fifth small ; anthers connivent. Disk cup-like or none. Stigma transversely half-moon- shaped. Capsule 2-valved, the valves bifid. Seeds many. Species 20, Mexico and S. Amer. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 3i, C, Q, R.) 1. N. HIPPOMANICA Miers. Scabrid-pilose. Stem woody, from a thick root, with short, ascending branches. Leaves crowded, spatulate-linear, acuminate, callous-mucro- nate. Flowers small, subpaniculate. Calyx lo-carinate; its lobes linear, spreading. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx, glandular-hairy ; its limb broad-campanulate, and lobes rounded, rose-white. (Argentina, Bahia Blanca, called Chuchu) ; N. Patagon., on stony ground. Poisonous to horses. 2. N. PATAGONICA SpCg. Pulvinate-cespitose shrub. Leaves minute, linear, sessile, obtuse, thick, rigid, glabrous, viscid. Flowers solitary on the ends of the branches ; with pedicels twice as long as the leaves. Calyx campanulate, its lobes short, obtuse. Corolla funnelform, large, with 5 broad lobes, yellow, purple-veiny. Very beautiful and peculiar. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge. 3. N. RIGIDA Miers. Glabrous. Woody root. Stems 2 meters high, branching, erect, flexu- ose, filiform, striate. Leaves narrow-linear, 3 cm. long, 3-costate, mucro- nate-awned. Peduncles solitary, short, 6 mm., oppositifoliose. Calyx lo-costate, its segments awned, thrice as long as its tube. Corolla-tube pubescent, its lobes rounded. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 712 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. io. BENTHAMIELLA Speg. Small shrubs, with thick, rosulate leaves, and separate, erect, yellowish- white flowers. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla with long, grad- ually enlarging tube, and short, spreading, 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5, unequal. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule thin-walled, obscurely 4-valved, i- celled, i -seeded. Species 5, Patagon. 1. B. ACUTIFOLIA Speg. Leaves fasciculate-imbricate, erect, subrigid, linear, entire, triquetrous at apex, callously acute, whitish-mucronate. Flowers sessile in the upper axils, not exceeding the leaves, solitary, 2-bracted. Calyx-lobes as long as the tube. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, ochroleucous. S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz ; rare. 2. B. LONGIFOLIA Speg. Leaves fasciculate, imbricate, not rosulate, nor rigid, linear, entire, ob- tuse, the apex scarcely callous. Flowers long-exsert from the upper axils, solitary, 2-bracteolate. Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube. Corolla ochroleucous, thrice as long as calyx. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge and Rio Sta. Cruz. 3. B. NORDENSKJOLDII N. Br. & Dusen. Leaves erect, imbricate, densely crowded, about 6-9 mm. long by 1-5 mm. broad, linear-acute, concave above, subcarinate below, glabrous. Flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, with 2 bracts, 4 mm. long by i mm. broad. Calyx 4 mm. long. Corolla 8-10 mm. long, tube cylindrical, apex plicate, with 5 spreading, trun- cate lobes. Stamens included. Cells of ovary 4-6- ovulate. (Fig. 91.) S. Patagon., by O. Nordenskjold. Leaves narrower Benthamiella nordtmk- and more aCUte than in B. patagOHtCa. joldii. Flower; its in- terior and expanded calyx, 4. B. PATAGONICA Speg. Branches woody, 5 mm. thick, naked below, with rimulose, fuscous cortex and white wood ; above irregu- larly and laxly branching, and the upper branches rosulate-leafy with linear, FIG. 91. MACLOSKIE: SCROPHULARIACE^. 713 rigid, spreading, apically truncate leaves. Leaf-bases dilated to a pericla- dium, concave ventrally, costate-carinate dorsally. Flowers long-exsert from the upper axils; sessile, solitary, 2-bracted. Calyx short (3 mm.), 5-cleft, the lobes as long as the tube. Corolla tubular, white, 8 mm. by 1.5 mm. S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. 5. BENTHAMIELLA PYCNOPHYLLOIDES Speg. Cespitose. Leaves minute, ovate-scaleform, densely imbricate, entire, apically thick, green, acute, basally dilated, and with woolly edge. Flowers long, exserted from upper axils, sessile, solitary, 2-bracteolate. Calyx-lobes equalling the tube. Corolla pale-violascent, twice as long as the calyx. Patagon. Family 100. SCROPHULARIACE^E. Snapdragon Family. Herbs, shrubs or trees, with exstipulate leaves and perfect, sympetalous, mostly zygomorphic flowers. Stamens epipetalous, mostly 4 and didyna- mous, sometimes only 2, rarely 5. Ovary superior, 2-celled (rarely i- celled), the cells being antero-posterior, with axial placentae. Style i, often apically 2-lobed. Fruit capsular. Seeds numerous, endospermous. Species 2,300, chiefly in temperate climates. KEY TO THE GENERA. A. The 2 dorsal corolla-lobes (or by their fusing the upper lip), cover the lateral lobes in the bud. Basal leaves or all opposite. Fifth stamen changed or none. (ANTIRRHINOIDEJE.) b. Corolla 2-lipped, the lips urceolate, concave. Stamens 2, dehiscing by slits. I. Calceolaria, p. 714. 62. Corolla regular or 2-lipped, its lips flat or convex. Fruit a many-seeded capsule. c. Corolla spurred, having a tube and a palate nearly closing the throat. Flowers ter- minally racemed or spicate. 2. Linaria, p. 719. C2. Corolla not spurred, nor basally saccate. Inflorescence usually simple. Stamens all inserted in the corolla-tube ; anthers 2-celled. Calyx 5 -toothed or 5 -cleft. Capsule 4-valved. d. Capsule loculicidal. Stigma capitate. Seeds large, few. Erect shrubs. Leaves few, often reduced. 3. Monttea, p. 719. d,2. Capsule loculicidal and septicidal. Seed-ridges free or coalescing. Anther-cells partly fused. Herbs, woolly or glandular. 4. Stemodia, p. 719. ^3. Corolla regular. Calyx 5-parted, its dorsal lobe longer or broader than the others. Anther-cells touching or ultimately fusing. 5. Monnicra (Bacopd), p. 720. 714 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. £•4. As the preceding, but calyx prismatic, 5 -angled. 8. Mimulus, p. 721. c$. Corolla not spurred nor saccate. Anther-cells usually fused. Stigma capitate. Minute herbs. d. Leaves opposite ; internodes distinct. Corolla 2-lipped, 4~5-lobed. Calyx 5- parted. Stamens 2, anther-cells divaricating. 6. Bryodes, p 720. dz. Leaves basal, or apparently so, the internodes being short. Calyx 5-toothed. Stamens 4, the pollen-sacs fusing. 7. Limosella, p. 720. A2. The 2 dorsal corolla-lobes (or the upper lip) covered in the bud by one or both the lateral lobes. (RHINANTHOIDE^:.) b. Corolla-lobes all flat and spreading, or the dorsal pair erect. c. Pollen-sacs finally united apically. Dorsal corolla-lobes often upright. Autophytes. d. Corolla-tube short or none. Stamens 2 or 4, subequal, rarely 6-8. e. Stamens 4-5, rarely more, pollen-sacs fused. Corolla 4-merous, rotate ; with no tube. Erect herbs or shrubs, with opposite leaves. 9. Scoparia, p. 721. €2. Stamens only 2. Leaves, at least the lower, opposite. 10. Veronica, p. 722. . d2. Corolla with long tube, or campanulate. Stamens 4, didynamous. Calyx 5- parted. e. Leaves opposite ; flowers almost regular. Low herbs. II. Ourisia, p. 723. e2. Leaves alternate. Corolla-tube ventricose, gradually widening. Stigma 2-lobed. Coarse erect herbs and undershrubs. 12. Digitalis, p. 725. c2. Pollen-sacs distinct. Corolla-lobes spreading flat. Calyx 5-toothed, the teeth not exceeding the tube. Stamens not protruding, their filaments hairy. Erect herbs or half-shrubs, often more or less parasitical. 13. Gerardia, p. 726. b2. Corolla lobes forming a helmet-like upper-lip, with reflexed border ; corolla-tube nearly straight. . Stamens 4 ; pollen-sacs equal. Stigma capitate. Usually small, erect herbs, often more or less parasitical ; with simple or palmatifid leaves and flowers in terminal spikes. 14. Euphrasia, p. 727. i. CALCEOLARIA Linn. Herbs or shrubs, with generally opposite or whorled leaves, and cymose or rarely I -flowered peduncles, with yellow, white or purplish flowers. Calyx slightly adhering to the ovary, 4-partite, its parts valvate. Co- rolla-tube nearly obsolete ; its limb concave, 2-lipped, the lips entire, con- cave or shoe-like ; the anterior lip being usually large and inflated. Stamens 2. Stigma small. Capsule ovate-conical, septicidal, with 2-cleft valves. Seeds numerous, striate, marginless. Species 140, chiefly American, from Mexico by the Andes to Magellan ; 2 in New Zealand. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Lower corolla-lip contracted at the base. b. The contracted part long. Leaves long-attenuate, subentire. Stem very short. Pedun- cle scape-like, i -flowered. MACLOSKIE: SCROPHULARIACE^. 715 . c. Subglabrous. Leaves ovate. uniflora. C2. Subvillous. Leaves lanceolate. lanceolata. c$. Glandular, hairy. Leaves villous, ovate-spatulate. fothergilli. b2. The contracted part short. c. Scape long, 2-4-flowered. Leaves radical, large, ovate-rhomboid or spatulate, many toothed and many-nerved. biflora. cz. Scape short, 1-3 -flowered. Leaves broad-oblong, subentire. Lower corolla-lip large, red-spotted. darwinii. ^3. Leaves crowded at base, subovate, erose-dentate, attenuate-petioled ; upper leaves few. Corymb few— many-flowered. racemosa. ^4. Leaves subradical ; they and peduncles subglandulous. Leaves rhomboid-lanceolate. Scapes 10 cm., 2— 4-flowered. bergii. A2. Lower corolla-lip scarcely contracted. Leaves ovate. Flowers few. Stems slender. b. Leaves of 3 kinds ; the radical with long petioles, the cauline with short petioles, and the floral sessile. bellidifolia. b2. Leaves all radical, hispid underneath. filicaulis. A$. Lower corolla-lip very inflated. Leaves mostly radical, petiolate. b. Leaves ovate or rhombic, 2-toothed or incised, villous. Quasi-scape tall, branching. nudicaulis. b2. Leaves 25 mm., long-petioled. Flowers 1-5 ; corolla large, spotted, incurved. polyrrhiza. b$. Leaves ovate-oblong, repand-serrate ; a few on the bifid stem. Subumbellately few- flowered. Pubescent. volkmanni. A^. Leaves rosulate, ovate-oblong, acute. Scape tall, bractless, 4-flowered. Calyx-segments triangular. Corolla ? palcence, i. CALCEOLARIA BELLIDIFOLIA Gillies. Cespitose herbs, with slender, flexuose stems 5-20 cm. high, ovate-entire leaves, some radical and with long petioles, others cauline, narrowing to a short petiole, and others floral sessile. Flowers few, laxly corymbose, the pedicels i -flowered. Calyx- segments ovate, rather obtuse; upper lip of corolla scarcely as long as the calyx, the lower large, orbiculate, with a short opening and a scarcely contracted base. (Chili.) C. BELLIDIFOLIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Speg. Leaves oblanceolate, acutish, with minute, spreading puberulence only on the upper surface and margin. Patagon., Chubut, in elevated swamps by Lago Fontana. 2. C. BERGII Hieron. Minutely glandular, pubescent herb, cespitose, with several short stems and scapiform peduncles. Leaves subradical, glandulous-pubescent under- 716 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. neath, subglabrous above, rhomboid-lanceolate, subobtuse, entire or ob- scurely crenulate. Peduncles 10 cm. high, minutely glandular, 2-4-flow- ered, peduncles to 12 mm. long, bracts very small, oblong, i mm. long, minutely glandular. Flowers in anthesis suberect. Calyx 6 mm. long, 4-parted to middle or deeper, minutely glandular, lobes ovate, subobtuse. Corolla yellow. Upper lip as long as the calyx, lower 15 mm. long, de- pendent, obovate, contracted at base, open above the middle, internally on the sides and externally on the back, having small, purple spots. Anther cells ovate. Differs from C.polyrrhiza, darwt'm'i and /anceo/afaby g\a.i\du\\ferous /eaves &&& peduncles ; from C. nana and fothergilli\yy its many-flowered scapes. S. Patagon., common by Rio Sta. Cruz, October. 3. CALCEOLARIA BIFLORA 'Lam. (1783; C. plantaginea Smith, 1789). Herbs, with 4-5 rather large, radical leaves, which are ovate-rhomboid or spatulate, dentate or incised, many-nerved, villous to glabrate. Pe- duncles long, leafless, laxly 2-4-flowered, the pedicels 5 cm. long. Calyx viscid, its segments ovate, obtuse. Corolla yellow, with its upper lip shorter than the calyx, its lower lip dependent, long-obovate, spreading, contracted towards its base. S. and W. Patagon. ; Chili to Fuegia ; by Hatcher at head of Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz, in fruit Feb. 9, 1897; by Dusen in N. and E. Fuegia. "Abundant from Valparaiso to Magellan, but confined to a narrow oblique belt. In the Northern part of its range it is chiefly west of the Andes ; in the Southern part it is Eastward, thus avoiding equally the wet, cold, stormy latitudes of Southwest Chili and Fuegia, and the arid plains of Patagonia." (J. D. Hooker.) "Belongs to the steppe-flora; and usually grows in thickets formed by Chiliotrichum difftisum and Baccharis patagonica ; but it avoids parts of the steppes which are free of shrubs." (Dusen.) C. BIFLORA MAGELLANICA (Clo.). Stems few, simple, 2-3-flowered. Leaves rhombic-cuneate, denticulate. Magellan ; S. Fuegia, Valley of Olivaia. 4. C. DARWINII Benth. Glabrous. Stem short. Leaves broad-oblong, entire, or remotely few- toothed. Peduncles to 7 cm., scapiform, i-3-flowered. Calyx-segments MACLOSKIE : SCROPHULARIACE^E. 717 minutely puberulous, broad-ovate, obtuse. Corolla yellow, with upper lip equalling the calyx ; lower lip dependent, very large, broad-ovate, red- spotted ; the base contracted. Anther-lobes ovate. S. Patagon., at Coy Inlet (Peterson), "on pampas everywhere," Nov. 16, at mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz (Dusen). Scapes usually with one terminal flower, and a pair of younger lateral flowers about 20 mm. below. 5. CALCEOLARIA FILICAULIS Gay. Stems 1-2, erect, long, slender, naked. Leaves radical, ovate, petiolate, or attenuate to a short petiole, obsoletely toothed, hispid underneath, subciliate. Corymb terminal, simple or geminate, few- FIG. 92. flowered. Corolla puberulous ; its upper lip shorter than the hispid calyx ; its lower larger, obovate, erect, scarcely contracted at the base, shortly open. (Chili) ; Patagon. 6. C. FOTHERGILLI Sol. Glandular-pubescent herb, with very short stem. Leaves petiolate, ovate-spatulate, entire or obsoletely crenate, villous. Peduncles scape-like, i -flowered. Calyx-segments broad-ovate to orbiculate, obtuse. Corolla with upper lip shorter than the calyx ; lower lip dependent, long-obovate, red-spotted, its base long- contracted, and open to beyond the middle. (Fig. 92.) Magellan, Falklands, "abundant and pretty." 7. C. LANCEOLATA Cav. Subvillous herbs, with very short stem. Leaves Ian- ceolate, long-attenuate at base, subentire. Peduncles Plant >n fl°wer' slightlyr 3 reduced; also section of scapiform, i -flowered. Calyx-segments ovate, acute, capsuie) magnified, and subvillous. C0n?//# with short upper lip; lower lip long, magnified seed. (From its base long-contracted, open to above the middle. Patagon., at Golfo de San Jorge ; Puerto Deseado (also cited in the Falklands along with C. polyrrhiza, but quaere). 8. C. NUDICAULIS Benth. Herbaceous, with petiolate, radical leaves, ovate or rhombic, 2-toothed or partly incised, villous on both sides. Stem scape-like, erect, to 60 cm. 718 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. tall, branching upwards. Corymbs few-flowered. Calyx hoary-villous, its segments ovate, rather obtuse. Corolla with upper lip twice as long as the calyx ; lower lip very inflated, its base briefly open. (Chilian Andes) ; Patagon. 9. CALCEOLARIA PAL/EN^E Phil. Leaves rosulate, short-petioled, ovate-oblong, acute, nervose. Scape naked, tall, 4-flowered, no bracts at base of pedicels. Calyx-segments broadly triangular. Corolla, etc. ? S. Chili, by Rio Palena. IO. C. POLYRRHIZA Cav. Leaves more than 25 mm. long, on long petioles. Scapes 1-3-5- flowered. Calyx-segments ovate or oblong, scarcely obtuse. Corolla rather large, spotted, incurved, not dependent. Anther-lobes oblong. S. Patagon., at Puerto Deseado ; Falklands. II. C. RACEMOSA Cav. Puberulous, subviscous herbs. Leaves crowded near base, ovate or somewhat oblong, erose-dentate, attenuate-petiolate ; upper leaves few. Corymb lax to many-flowered. Corolla with upper lip scarcely exceeding the calyx ; lower lip obovate, briefly contracted at base, open to beyond the middle. S. Patagon., at Puerto Deseado. 12. C. UNIFLORA Lam. (1783; C. nana Smith, 1789). Glabrous or minutely puberulous. Stem very short. Leaves petioled, ovate, long-attenuate at base, entire or crenulate. Peduncles scape-like, about 7 cm. high, i -flowered. Calyx- segments broad-ovate, obtuse. Corolla with upper lip rather shorter than the calyx, the lower dependent, obovate, long-contracted at the base, open to beyond the middle. S. Patagon., Magellan, by Port Gregory; by Hatcher at Punta Arenas ; S. Patagon., at Coy Inlet (Peterson, "color brownish-yellow") ; Franchet says " not, found recently at Magellan, unless haply by M. Hariot." Dusen found it in N. and E. Fuegia, and calls it " a common steppe-plant." 13. C. VOLKMANNI Phil. Pubescent herb, with leaves mostly radical, ovate-oblong, 10 by 3 cm., attenuate to a short petiole, obscurely repand-serrate. Stem 20 cm. high, MACLOSKIE: SCROPHULARIACE/E. 719 few-leaved, apically bifid. Corymb subumbellate, few-flowered. Upper lip of corolla rather large, twice the calyx. Lower lip suborbicular, slightly open. Style nearly 3 times as long as the stamens. (Chili); Patagon? 2. LINARIA Juss. Toad-flax. Herbs, with pinnately-nerved, mostly alternate leaves, and terminal bracted racemes or spikes, and zygomorphic flowers, 2-lipped with a palate, and with a spur (long or reduced or obsolete). Stamens 4, didynamous. Species 150, mostly Eurasian. L. CANADENSIS (L.) Dumont. Stems erect or ascending, branched. Leaves linear, or linear-oblong. Spikes long. Corolla blue to white, long-spurred. (U. S., and Central to S. Amer.) ; Patagon. ? 3. MONTTEA Gay. (Oxy dados Miers.) Glabrous shrubs, sometimes with spinescent branches and reduced leaves. Flowers small, axillary. Corolla-tube cylindrical, limb 2-lipped ; posterior, exterior lip 2-cleft, anterior 3-cleft, the lobes broad, spreading. Stamens didynamous with a small staminode. Capsule hard, 4-valved ; but seeds by abortion only 1-2, large, without endosperm. Species 3, Chili. M. APHYLLA (Miers) Gay. Rather robust. Leafless. Branches irregularly angular, the epidermis with minute foveoles, shining reddish, ending in a spine ; the younger branches opposite, spiniform, bearing 2-3-fascicled flowers having gla- brous calyx, pubescent, pink corolla and drupe. Leaves wanting, except minute, bract-like leaves under the flowers. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon. 4. STEMODIA Linn. Woolly or glandular herbs or shrubs, with opposite or 3-4-whorled leaves and bluish flowers either axillary-solitary, or in terminal, bracted spikes. Corolla-tube cylindrical ; upper lip broad, lower lip 3-lobed. Sta- mens didynamous, the anther-lobes stipitate. Seeds many. Species 30, in S. Amer., Africa, Asia and Australia. 72O PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. i. STEMODIA LANCEOLATA Benth. Leaves lanceolate, amplexicaul, acuminate, serrulate. Flowers in leafy spikes. (Argentina); N. Patagon. ? 2. S. PALUSTRIS St. Hil. Leaves linear to sublanceolate, basi-attenuate. Flowers axillary, with much dilated style. (S. Brazil); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 5. MONNIERA P. Browne (1755). (Bacopa Aubl. 1775 ; Herpestis Gaert.) Herbs, with opposite leaves (or in submerged forms often dissected) and axillary, pediceled flowers. Upper calyx-segment very large and cordate. Stamens 4, subequal, included, in one species 5. Stigma capitate. Species 60, in warm regions, especially Amer. M. AQUATICA (Aubl.). (Bacopa radicata Benth ; Herpestis radicata B. & H.). Glabrous swamp herb, with lanceolate, serrate leaves. Root long, thick. Stamens 4. Patagon., at Puerto Deseado. 6. BRYODES Benth. Minute, branching plants, with opposite, narrow, entire leaves, and very small, sessile, axillary flowers. Corolla-tube short, campanulate, lobes 4, spreading. Stamens 2. Style filiform ; stigma capitate. Species 2, Mauritius, and Magellan. B. MINUTISSIMA Phil. Stem dwarf, 1 1 mm. high, simple, densely crowded by leaves, ending in a flower. Leaves glabrous, linear, 8 by i mm., pale below. Flowers epigynous (?). Magellan ; with habit of Nanodea muscosa; intermediate between it and Arjona. 7. LIMOSELLA Linn. Mudwort. Low glabrous, succulent, floating herbs, with filiform stems rooting in mud at the nodes, entire leaves with slender petioles, and filiform, i- MACLOSKIE : SCROPHULARIACE/E. 72 I flowered scapes. Flowers small; calyx 5-lobed, campanulate. Stamens 4. Style short, with capitate stigma. Capsule globose.fi -celled. Species 6, widely distributed. LIMOSELLA AQUATICA Linn. Leaves expanded above into an oblong, or a linear-oblong blade. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3$, p. 78.) (Eur., Amer., Austral., Kerguelen) ; Falklands; E. Fuegia (Dus£n). L. AQUATICA TENUIFOLIA Hoffm. (L. tenutfoUa Nutt.) Leaves awl-shaped or filiform, with no distinction of blade and petiole. (N. Amer., far N. and W.); Patagon., Chubut, in marshes near Lago Fontana. 8. MIMULUS Linn. Monkey-flower. Herbs, with opposite leaves and showy flowers on solitary, bractless, axillary peduncles. Calyx prismatic, 5-angled, the upper of its 5 teeth the largest. Corolla tubular, its upper lip 2-lobed, erect or reflexed ; its lower lip 3-lobed, spreading. Stamens 4. Stigma 2-lobed, lobes ovate. Seeds many. Species 30, chiefly American. M. PILOSIUSCULUS H. B. & K. Perennial, with creeping, quadrangular stem. Leaves petiolate, sub- rotund-ovate, obtuse, dentate, basicuneate or cordate, 3— 5-nerved. Pe- duncles shorter than the leaf. Calyx hairy. (Peru, etc.); Patagon., Chubut, by Golfo de San Jorge. 9. SCOPARIA (Linn.). Glabrous or hairy, branching trees or shrubs, with opposite or verticil- late, entire or toothed and dotted leaves. Flowers on axillary, often paired peduncles, without bractlets ; small, white, yellow or bluish. Calyx 4-5-partite. Corolla rotate, 4-cleft, with obtuse, subequal lobes and bearded throat. Stamens 4, subequal. Style truncate or emarginate. Ovules numerous. Capsitle septicidal, leaving the central placenta free. Species 5-6, S. Amer. and Mexico ; i in warm parts of both worlds. 722 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. SCOPARIA FLAVA Cham. & Schl. Root woody. Plant otherwise herbaceous, glabrous ; stems cespitose. Leaves, branches and flowers whorled in 4*5, 3*5 or 2's. Leaves lanceo- late, attenuate-petiolate, toothed. Upper leaves smaller, narrower, entire. Peduncles glabrous. Calyx-lobes acute, pellucid-margined. (Chili; Brazil; Argentina); N. Patagon. (?) 10. VERONICA Linn. Herbs or shrubs, with small, blue to white flowers, having rotate, un- equally 4-lobed, rarely 5-lobed, corolla, and 2 epipetalous stamens. Style slender. Capsitle compressed. Seeds flat. Species about 200, in cold and temperate regions ; most in the Old World. i. V. ARVENSIS Linn. Pubescent annual. Stem becoming diffused. Lowest leaves opposite, petioled, ovate and crenulate ; the upper becoming alternate, sessile and narrower ; the uppermost small and entire, with a minute, short-pediceled flower in the axil. Flowers blue to white. (Eurasia; nat. in N. Amer.) ; Magellan (Dusen). 2. V. ELLIPTICA Forst. (K decussata Ait.) Glabrous shrub, with short-petioled, decussate, oval or oblong-elliptical, entire, mucronate, shining leaves and short, axillary, few-(4~) flowered racemes or corymbs. Calyx-segments 4, ovate, acute. Corolla rather large, white, or flesh-colored, its lobes obovate. Capside broad-ovate. (New Zeal., Auckland and Campbell Is.); Magellan and throughout Fuegia and W. Magellan ; Falklands. "The Hebe of Magellan," resembling a myrtle (now a favorite in culti- vation ; luxuriant at Mucrus in Killarney). 3. V. PEREGRINA Linn. Ascending, branching, annual herbs, glandular or glabrous. Lowest leaves petiolate, opposite, oval-oblong, toothed; upper gradually more sessile, narrower and entire. Floral-leaves narrow, entire, exceeding the flowers. Peduncles very short. Capsule rounded, slightly emarginate. (In all warm countries ; in Amer. from Canada, by Mexico and the Andes to Patagon.) At Puerto Madryn and E. Fuegia (Dusen). MACLOSKIE I SCROPHULARIACE/E. 723 4. VERONICA SERPYLLIFOLIA Linn. Pulverulent or glabrous, perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, or the upper sessile, oblong to ovate, crenulate or entire. Racemes short, terminal, with pedicels longer than the calyx, shorter than the bracteoles. Corolla pale blue, with dark lines. Capside broad-obcordate. (Eurasia, N. and S. Amer. as far as Quito) ; Falklands (introduced) ; Magellan, at Punta Arenas (Dusen). ii. OURISIA Comm. Decumbent or creeping herbs, with opposite leaves and axillary flowers, solitary or racemed, or subumbellate. Calyx-lobes oblong or narrow. Corolla-tube cylindraceous or campanulate ; lobes subequal, obtuse or emarginate. Stamens 4 or also with a short staminode. Capsule with septiferous valves, bearing the placenta in their center. Species 19, peculiar to Antarctic Amer., with representatives in Tas- mania and New Zealand. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Leaves ovate-rotundate, basi-truncate, subsessile. Floral leaves sessile, ovate. Calyx-seg- ments exceeding the corolla-tube. Ascending, pilose. breviftora.. ' A2. Leaves ovate, petiolate. b. Creeping. Leaves crenate, basi-rotundate. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx. clia nuzdrifolia. b2. Dwarfs. c. Pedicels shorter than the leaves. Calyx-segments oval-oblong, ciliate. Moss-like plants. muscosa. c2. Pedicels longer than the leaves. Calyx-segments lanceolate, very acute. Pilose. nana. £3. Low, decumbent, hirsute. Peduncles long, i -flowered, few- leaved. Corolla-tube six times as long as calyx. uniflora. A$. Basal leaves cordate-ovate. Creeping plants. b. Leaves crenate. c. Radical leaves reddish underneath. Floral leaves opposite, toothed. Corolla-tube thrice as long as the calyx, scarlet. coccinca. c2. Radical leaves long-petiolate. Floral leaves round-semi-amplexicaul. Calyx-seg- ments sub-bilabiately connate. magellanica. b2. Leaves incise-toothed. Floral-leaves rounded, amplexicaul. Calyx-segments oblong. Flowers pink. }*&£** A4. Stems short and thick. Leaves glabrous, ciliated. Raceme profuse. Corolla-tube large, incurved, its lobes retuse. ruelloides. 724 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY. FIG. 93. I. OURISIA BREVIFLORA Benth. Low, ascending, pilose. Stem to 7 cm. high, leafy, 2-4-flowered. Leaves petioled, ovate-rounded, truncate to subcordate at base. Floral leaves sessile, ovate. Calyx- segments linear-oblong, exceed- ing the corolla-tube. (Fig. 93.) Magellan, to S. Fuegia. "A pretty little species ; growing sparingly in the more or less rainy forest-regions." At Puerto Angosto, in W. Magellan, it grows from the sea-level to an elevation of 600 m. (Dusen.) 2. O. CHAM^DRIFOLIA Benth. Stem low, creeping, leafy. Leaves ovate, obtuse, crenate, basally rounded or narrowed, breviflora. — Plant and petiolate. Pedicels axillary. Corolla-tube ^^ ^ twice ^ { ^ ^ , pe_ . * rennial. (Andes of Quito and Chili) ; Fuegia. magnified flower. arcttca. ) ora ant- 3. O. COCCINEA Pers. Villous. Stem short, creeping. Radical leaves cordate-ovate, crenate, violet-red underneath. Floral leaves opposite, cuneate, incised-toothed. Raceme long, flowers scattered. Corolla scarlet, its tube thrice as long as the calyx, which has lanceolate segments. (Chili); Patagon., Chubut in preandine woods; Chiloe I. 4. O. MAGELLANICA Juss. (See O. ruelloides.} Creeping. Leaves with long petioles, cordate-ovate or rounded obtuse, crenate ; the floral leaves round-semi-amplexicaul, the peduncles apart. Calyx-segments ovate, obtuse, ciliate, sub-bilabiately connate. Magellan, Fuegia; Staaten I. Scarce; "must be one of the hand- somest of Fuegian plants." (J. D. Hooker.) 5. O. MUSCOSA Benth. Low, perennial herb, small, glabrous or pilosulous. Leaves petiolate, MACLOSKIE: SCROPHULARIACE^. 725 ovate, subentire, narrowed basewards. Pedicels not as long as the leaf. Calyx-segments oval-oblong, ciliate. (Chili, Pichincha Mt.); Fuegia, on dripping mountain rocks. 6. OURISIA NANA Benth. Low herbs, 1 2 mm. high. Stems leafy, i-4-flowered. Leaves crowded, on petioles 2 mm. long, laminae shorter, ovate, entire, concave, pilose above, glabrous below and on floral leaves. Pedicels exceeding the leaf. Calyx-segments lanceolate, very acute; shorter than the corolla-tube. (Equador); Patagon. (?). 7. O. POEPPIGII Benth. Creeping. Basal leaves with long petioles, cordate-ovate, acute, incise- toothed, smaller and more acute than in O. magellanica. Floral leaves rounded, semi-amplexicaul. Calyx- segments oblong, ciliate. Flowers pink. S. Chili, in Cordilleras; Patagon. (?). 8. O. RUELLOIDES (Linn. f. sub Chelone] Gaert. Stems short, thickish, as the petals, leaf-nerves and margin of calyx, ciliated with spreading hairs ; otherwise glabrous. Raceme flowering almost from foot of scape. Corolla 15 mm. long, with ample incurved tube and retuse segments. (Perhaps the same as O. magellanica Juss.) S. Patagon., in upper valley of Rio Gallegos, by Nordenskj. 9. O. UNIFLORA Phil. Low, hirsute, with decumbent stem. Leaves long-petiolate, ovate, sparsely crenate. Pedimcle long, erect, i -flowered, few-leaved. Leaves minute, ovate-oblong, basally attenuate, sessile. Flowers erect; calyx 5-partite ; its segments oblong, ciliate. Corolla-tube 6 times as long as the calyx ; its segments obcordate, as long as the tube. N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi ; Staaten I. 12. DIGITALIS Linn. Foxglove. Tall herbs, with alternate leaves, and showy, purple or yellow, or white flowers, in long, terminal, commonly i -sided, racemes. Corolla slightly 726 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. zygomorphic, the tube contracted above the ovary ; mid-lip of the lower lobe the longest; lobes not spreading. Stamens didynamous. Species 20, Eurasia. DIGITALIS PURPUREA Linn. • Pubescent, stout biennial. Lower leaves slender-petioled, 20 cm. long, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, slightly attenuate, acute, toothed. Flowers drooping. Corolla spotted inside. (Central and Western Europe) ; Patagon. (introduced). Its leaves are officinal. (Fig. A-H in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 89.) 13. GERARDIA Linn. Erect, branching herbs or shrubs, chiefly with opposite, sessile leaves, and showy purple or violet or whitish flowers. Corolla with wide tube , slightly 2-lipped, the lower lobe exterior in the bud, the lobes spreading. Stamens didynamous, included, their filaments hairy. Species 40, America. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 93.) I. G. LANCEOLATA (R. & P.) Benth. Leaves lanceolate, mostly subrevolute-margined. Calyx-teeth large, spreading, at length reflexed. (Bolivia, etc.) G. LANCEOLATA FILIDENS O. KtZC. Calyx-teeth linear, subfiliform, less than i mm. broad, 6 mm. long. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 2. G. RIGIDA Gill. Scabrous. Leaves linear or lanceolate, acute, floral leaves shorter than the flower. Raceme crowded ; the pedicels not exceeding the calyx^ which is glabrous, having long, filiform lobes. Corolla pubescent, its tube much exceeding the calyx, above ventricose-campanulate, pink. Anthers short, mucronate. Extratrop. S. Amer. G. RIGIDA GRANDIFLORA. Leaves of specimens from Rio Negro 6 cm. by 1.5 cm. Flowers large, red-violaceous; calyx-teeth in the variety short Fruit small, 10 by 8 mm., enclosed in the calyx. Seeds minute, scarcely i mm. in diameter. N. Patagon. MACLOSKIE: BIGNONIACEVE. 727 14. EUPHRASIA Linn. Eyebright. Low, mostly branched herbs, of siibparasitic habit, with opposite toothed or incised leaves, and small, blue to yellow or white flowers, in terminal, leafy-bracted spikes. Calyx not bracteolate at base, 4-lobed, or with a small fifth lobe. Corolla very bilabiate, upper lip erect, lower spreading. Stamens didynamous, pollen-sacs equal and parallel. Capsule nearly oblong. Seeds many, ribbed. (Fig. A-H in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 100.) Species 100, in temperate and cold regions, N. and S. Hemispheres. . i. E. ANTARCTICA Benth. Minute, erect, simple, pubescent. Leaves cuneate-trifid, the lobes obtuse, short. Corolla-tube exserted ; its lobes short, subentire. Capsule ovate, obtuse. (Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher on pampas by Rio Coy, Dec. 17. Magellan ; by R. O. Cunningham on Mt. Dinero, Patagon. Also in Australia, and in S. I. of New Zeal. "Allied to the European E. officinalis, and still more nearly to the Himalayan." (J. D. Hooker.) 2. E. C/ESPITOSA Phil. Perennial, forming a deep turf; stems 5 cm. high, simple, puberulous. Leaves glabrous, fleshy, trifid, with linear segments. Spike short, few- flowered. Calyx- segments ovate. Corolla-tube slightly exceeding the calyx, funnelform, dilated ; its lips short. S. Chili, at Rio Palena. 3. E. PERPUSILLA Phil. Glabrous. Stem branching, scarcely 25 mm. high. Leaves crowded, the lower obovate-spatulate, entire ; the upper 3-lobed. Calyx-segments linear, 4 mm. long, apically rounded. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Chonos Archip. It differs from E. antarctica by being glabrous, with entire lower leaves ; from other species by its smallness, etc. Family 101. BIGNONIACE^E. Trumpet-creeper Family. Usually trees or shrubs, erect or climbing, with exstipulate, mostly opposite, simple or pinnate leaves ; and large, showy, sympetalous, inferior flowers, slightly zygomorphic. Fertile stamens 2 or 4 on the corolla- 728 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. tube. Ovary superior, mostly 2-1 -celled with a transverse septum and simple 2-lobed style ; and many flat or winged seeds without endosperm, in the long capsule. Species 500, chiefly tropical. i. TECOMA Juss. (1789). (Campsis Lour., 1790.) Shrubs climbing, with aerial rootlets, or erect, with opposite, odd-pin- nate leaves (rarely simple), and red or orange flowers in terminal inflores- cences. Calyx unequally 5-toothed. Corolla-tube narrow-campanulate, its lobes spreading. Stamens didynamous ; the pollen-sacs diverging. Capsule long ; seeds transversely winged. (Fig. sub Campsis, in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3$, p. 231, A.) Species 80, in warm and temperate countries. T. VALDIVLE Phil. Elegant climbing shrub, often over 3 m. long, with leaves having 5 pairs of leaflets coriaceous, oblong, entire, or appressed-serrate apex- wards, 30 by ii cm.; the terminal leaflet often long. Racemes 7-10- flowered. Calyx turbinate, its teeth short, triangular. Corolla tubular, red-saffron, over thrice as long as the calyx, with short-rounded, slightly spreading lobes, pubescent inside. Larger stamens and the style as long as the corolla. (Chili); W. Patagon. "Adorning the shady woods." Family 102. GESNERIACE^E. Herbs or shrubs, with opposite, simple leaves and showy flowers on axillary peduncles. Flowers sympetalous, zygomorphic, with inferior or superior bicarpellary i -celled ovary, having 2 parietal or intruding placenta, and 4 or 2 stamens, with i or three staminodes ; anthers mostly conniving or cohering. Style i. Ovules numerous, minute, with straight, rather long embryo, mostly endospermous. Species 700, in warm climates ; not north of Mex. in the New World. i. ASTERANTHERA Hansk. Slender climbers, with small, crenate leaves, and large flowers solitary on short, axillary pedicels. Corolla scarlet, bilabiate, upper lip erect, con- MACLOSKIE : GESNERIACE/E. 729 sisting of 2 united lobes, other lobes spreading ; stamens 4, inserted at its base, anthers cohering into a cross. Only 2 species, viz: I. ASTERANTHERA CHILOENSIS Hansk. The upper lip of the corolla consisting of 2 dorsal lobes, united even to the apex ; the lateral lobes not adnate to it. Tube subgibbous at the base, narrow. Stamens distinct at the base, with a rudiment of a fifth. Leaves ? W. Patagon. (Dusen). 2. A. OVATA Hansk. (Cav. sub Columnea.} Stem fruticose, subscandent, rooting. Leaves petiolate, lower surface rusty-tomentose. Pedicels shorter than the flowers. Anthers elegant, in form of a cross. Chiloe I. ; Patagon, by Lake Otway. 2. MITRARIA Cavan. Climbing or low shrubs, with opposite leaves, ventricose corolla, con- tracted at the throat, and with short lobes ; 4 perfect, exserted stamens, not cohering ; and superior ovary. Bracts subconnate at one side, en- closing the calyx. Species i, viz : M. COCCINEA Cav. Habit of Fuchsia. Leaves with few serrations. Flowers solitary, long- pediceled, axillary. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3$, p. 162.) Chonos Archip.; Patagon., by Lake Otway. 3. SARMIENTA Ruiz & Pav. Creeping or climbing, glabrous shrub, with small, fleshy, opposite leaves, and white, pediceled flowers, solitary in the axils. Calyx free, 5- partite, its segments narrow. Corolla-tube long, ventricose, contracted above, its limb with 5 rounded, spreading lobes, slightly oblique. Sta- mens inserted near the base of its tube, 2 posterior perfect, with a short staminode between them, and 2 anterior, rather long staminodes. Ovary superior, with a long style. Capsule circumscissile. Species i, viz : 730 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. f SARMIENTA REPENS Ruiz & Pav. Leaves broad, ovate-elliptical, subentire. Pedicels longer than the leaves, 2-bracteolate above. Stamens and style twice as long as the corolla. Family 103. MARTYNIACE.E. Unicorn-plant Family. Viscidly secreting herbs, with chiefly opposite leaves and terminal racemes of zygomorphic sympetalous flowers, having 4 didynamous sta- mens and a staminode (rarely 2 stamens and 3 staminodes). Ovary superior, i -celled, with 2 parietal placenta, or falsely 2-4-celled. Capsule horned, with soft, deciduous pericarp. Seeds pendulous, with thick, rugose testa, no endosperm. Species 9, S. Amer. and Mex. PROBOSCIDIA Schmid. Prostrate herbs, with corolla enlarging from the base, narrow-campanu- late. Stamens 4. Capsule dehiscing above the base of the horn, and dividing below into halves. Seeds many, with plain coat. Species 6, Texas to S. Amer. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3$, p. 266, H-K.) P. LUTEA (Lindl. sub Martynia] Stapf. Leaves cordate-orbiculate, subdentate, glandular-pubescent (as is the stem). Horn much longer than the pericarp. Flower large, yellow. (Brazil ; Paraguay) ; N. Patagon. Family 104. LENTIBULARIACE^E. Bladderwort Family. Aquatics or bog-herbs, with leaves basal and tufted, or floating, or reduced to scales; and perfect, zygomorphic, sympetalous flowers, solitary or racemose on erect scapes. Calyx 2-5-partite. Corolla bilabiate, the upper lip usually erect, the lower large and spreading, with palate and spur. Stamens 2, anther-sacs confluent. Ovary superior, i -celled. Style short, stigma 2-lobed. Seeds numerous, without endosperm. Species 160, in warm and temperate climates. PINGUICULA Linn. Acaulescent, terrestrial herbs, with basal, entire leaves and naked, i- MACLOSKIE I PLANT AGINACE^E. 731 flowered scapes. The leaves capture insects, FIG. 94. being sensitive, and exuding a viscid secretion. Species 50. (Fig. 55 in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3<5, p. 119.) PlNGUICULA ANTARCTICA Vahl. Leaves 3-5, 12 mm. long, oblong, very obtuse, often emarginate, glabrous, as is the scape. Co- rolla small, its lobes emarginate, white, with violet lines, the spur conical, obtuse, straight, shorter than the petals. (Fig. 94.) Magellan; Fuegia to Cape Horn; Staaten I. pinguicuiaantarctica.— Plant, "A very pretty little plant." "The peduncle is nearly natural size; ^ not absolutely glabrous, but has stalked glands." ^ flower *nd frait ' c Flora antarctica.) (Franchet.) (From Family 105. PLANTAGINACE^;. Plantain Family. Annual or perennial herbs, mostly with basal leaves and small, 4- merousyfowrs, with dry perianth, bracteolate in dense spikes, or capitate or solitary on scapes. Stamens 4, 2 or i, epipetalous, anthers versatile. Ovary superior, i-4-celled. Style i, filiform. Capsule mostly circum- scissile; seeds i -several in each cell, with endosperm. Species 200, cosmopolitan. i. PLANTAGO Linn. Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual. Corolla-tube cylindrical, or constricted at the throat, with spreading or reflexed limb. Capstde cir- cumscissile, mostly 2-celled ; with seeds peltately fixed to the septum. Species numerous, in Eurasia, and the Mediterr. region and Canaries ; some in Orient and S. Africa, Austral., Tasmania and New Zeal. Many in N. Amer. Section Plantaginella includes a group of species having few-flowered (i-4-flowered) spikes or heads, and 3-6-seeded capsules; being mostly low or cespitose plants characteristic of the Andes and Australasia. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Spikes few-(about 1-4-) flowered. (PLANTAGINELLA.) b. Leaves subulate, in tufts on the branches, silvery. Spikes 2-S-flowered, subsessile, con- cealed amid the leaves. bismarckii. 732 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 62. Leaves narrow-linear. Spikes i-4-flowered. c. Peduncles many times shorter than the leaves. Fruit 2-celled, 4-seeded. monanthos. C2. Peduncles longer than the leaves, silky. Corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate, suberect. Seeds rugose. Dwarf woolly. pseudo-patagonica. c$. Peduncles as long as the leaves, becoming longer. Leaves silky. Spike 2-4-flowered. Flowers 2-seeded. rancagiuz. C4. Peduncle surpassing the leaves, I -flowered. Leaves linear-squarrose, spiny-mucro- nate, with appressed hairs. Tap-root hollow. ccelorhiza. b$. Leaves linear, rigid, white-mucronate, glabrous, sessile ; with periclad silky inside. Corolla-lobes reflexed. oxyphylla. 64. Leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate or linear, subacute, fleshy, remotely toothed. Pedun- cles as long. Fruit 6-seeded. Petals subacuminate. barbata. £5. Nearly as 64, but petals obtuse, seeds 4-8 (not American). brownii. 66. Leaves oblanceolate, entire, glabrous, i -nerved, exceeding the 4-flowered scapes. Seeds 4. tehuelcka. A2. Spikes more or less cylindrical, many -flowered. b. Leaves linear. Peduncles exceeding the leaves. Smooth herbs. c. Leaves 3-nerved, attenuate both ways. Peduncles silky and hairy. Spikes oblong. Corolla-lobes rounded. coriacea. c2. Leaves fleshy, obscurely nerved. Dense, blunt spikes. Corolla-lobes spreading. maritima. b2. Leaves lance-linear, entire. c. Puberulous. Peduncles as long as the leaves, lax-pilose. Corolla-lobes ovate-cor- date, acute. Seeds 3. myosurus. c2. Woolly. Peduncle hirsute. patagonica, b$. Leaves linear to linear-lanceolate or pinnatifid. Flowers small. Fruit 4-celled and 4-seeded. Hairy. coronoptis. £4. Leaves long-lanceolate, acute, attenuate-petiolate, 5— /-nerved, glabrous. Peduncles as long as leaves, hairy above. Spikes long-cylindrical. Fruit 3-seeded. candollei. £5. Leaves lanceolate, attenuate-petiolate, slightly hairy, 3-5 -ribbed. Peduncle angular, longer than the leaves. Spike ovoid. Seeds 2. lanceolata. 66. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, 5-nerved, toothed. Peduncle longer, violet upwards. Spike long-cylindrical, lax. Seeds 4, yellow. hirtella. b"j. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3— 5-nerved, subentire. Scape longer. Seeds 2—4. virginica. 68. Leaves broad-ovate, obtuse, crenate or toothed ; nerves 5-7 ; attenuate-petiolate. Scapes striate upwards. Corolla-lobes long, acute. Fruit 2-celled, many-seeded. rocce. i. PLANTAGO BARBATA Forst. (1789; P. fiauciflora Lam. non Hook.) (Plate XXV, fig. A.) Plantaginella. Lax-cespitose, simple or branching. Leaves erect, stellately spreading or recurved, narrowly linear-lanceolate or linear- MACLOSKIE : PLANTAGINACE^E. 733 elongate, subacute, fleshy, remotely toothed, base scarious, bearded or glabrate; scapes equalling the leaves, spikes i-3-flowered. Corolla- lobes subacuminate. Capszdes broad-ovate, 6-seeded, their lower part scarcely exceeding the calyx. Magellan ; Fuegia ; Falklands. Highly variable ; lower part of capsule broad; of P. monanthos obconical, narrow, elongated. Allied to P. brownii Raf. of Tasmania and New Zeal.; and to P. andicola Gill., which has curious roots. S. Patagon., by O. R. Peterson, determined in Royal Gardens, Kew. PLANTAGO BARBATA ELONGATA. Stem simple; leaves erect, narrowly and long-linear-spatulate, obtuse, remotely sinuate-dentate, bearded. Magellan, at Port Gregory. P. BARBATA IMBERBIS Hook. f. Stem branching. Leaves spreading, lance-obtuse, remotely toothed, bearded at base. Magellan, by Port Famine ; Churucca ; Fuegia. 2. P. BISMARCKII Nied. Plantaginella. A small bush, 30-60 cm. high, the stem only 25 mm. in diameter. Leaves in many crowded tufts on the branches, subulate, silvery-hairy. Spikes 2-5-flowered, short-stalked, concealed among the terminal leaves of the branches. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon., on Sierra de la Ventana. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 36, p. 364, A.) [3. P. BROWNII Raf. (P. carnosa Br.)] Plantaginella. Stemless; collum very thick. Leaves many, stellately spreading, thick and fleshy, spatulate or lanceolate, obtuse, incised-dentate or runcinate, glabrous or rarely pilose, naked at base. Scapes numerous, as long as the leaves. Flower-heads compressed, i-4-flowered. Bracts and calyx-leaves acute. Capsule enclosed by the calyx, rounded, circum- scissile below the middle. Seeds 4-8. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, P- 364, F.) Auckland Is., on rocks near the sea; New Zeal.; Tasmania. "It belongs to a small group of the genus, remarkable for having the flowers 734 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. solitary or capitate, not spicate, and never more than 5 in number ; allied to a number all found in S. America ; whose only representative in the Old World is this plant." (J. D. Hooker. Not known in America.) 4. PLANTAGO CANDOLLEI Raf. Annual. Leaves long-lanceolate, entire or callous-toothed, acute, atten- uate to a long petiole, s-y-nerved, glabrous, the peduncles erect, as long as the leaves, laxly pilose above. Spikes long, cylindrical, loose-flow- ered below, the bracts carinate, lanceolate, acutish. Anterior calyx-leaves united at the base, ovate, membranous-margined ; posterior broader, cari- nate, denticulate, ciliolate. Corolla-lobes ovate-cordate. Capsiile 3-seeded. (Chili); Patagon., near mouth of Rio Chubut. (Dusen.) 5. P. (PLANTAGINELLA) CCELORHIZA Morris & Macloskie, n. s. (Plate XXV, Fig. C). Dwarf, cinereous undershrub, with hollow, conical caudex, crowned by many-seriate, squarrose, rosulate, rigid, linear, sessile, entire leaves, these mucronate, with siliceous spines, both sides with appressed bristles, and the bases hidden by long, silky hairs. Peduncles several, exceeding the leaves, bristly, with i-flowered spikes. Bracts 2, triangular-ovate, shorter than the broad-ovate sepals, and, like them, scarious, with herbaceous midribs. Pyxis circumscissile, exceeding the calyx, long-beaked by the persisting stylobase. Seeds probably 2. 1 S. Patagon., by Rio Coy. The type-specimen is no. 37 of the J. B. Hatcher collection in Prince- ton University ; well characterized by its stiff, squarrose leaves, with long 1 PLANTAGO (§ PLANTAGINELLA) CCELORHIZA Macloskie & Morris, sp. nov. Planta perennis pumila cinerea caudice cavo frutescente, dense et squarrose rosulato-foliifero, unde plures pedunculi uniflori, in radicem cavum conicum deorsum transeuntes. Folia plurima, squarrosa, crassiuscula, rigida, linearia, sessilia, basi scarioso lato, longa lana sericea occulto, integerrima, 6-8 mm. longa, 1.5 mm. lata, utrinque setis rigidis brevibus adpressis obsita, apice acuto, mucrone spiniformi siliceo munito. Pedunculi e superioribus axillis sursum adscendentes, plures, rigidi, breviter folia superantes, 7—25 mm. alti, cinerei setis adpressis, spica uniflora. Bractece binae, subasquas et oppositae ad summum pedunculum insertas, scariosas, costa angusta her- bacea dimidium sepalorum paullo superantes, triangulo-ovatse, acutae, plus-minus 1.5 mm longae. Flos unicus inter bracteas binas sessilis, sepalis scariosis, costa herbacea excepta, late-ovatis, acutis, plus-minus 2 mm. longis. Pyxis tertia parte calycem superans, late-ovoideus, apice longo stylo- basi persistente rostrato, circumscissilis ad tertiam partem inferam, 2.5 mm. vel 2 mm. Semina pauca, forsitan saepius bina. MACLOSKIE : PLANTAGINACE/E. 735 siliceous spines, and covered with white, appressed bristles, and by its i- flowered, 2-bracted spikes, its long-beaked pyxis and its hollow caudex. 6. PLANT AGO CORIACEA Cham. & Schl. (C. brasiliensis Sims.) Subcaulescent perennial, with glabrate, obscurely 3-nerved linear, or narrower leaves, attenuate both ways, their points callous. Scapes twice as long as the leaves, terete, sericeous, interspersed below with spread- ing hairs. Spikes oblong-cylindrical ; lower bracts ovate, acuminate, laxly pubescent; upper obtuse. Calyx-leaves rounded concave, slightly glabrous. Corolla-lobes rounded, with scarcely a mid-line. Ovary 2- celled, cells i-ovuled. (Brazil) ; Patagon., Chubut, valleys by Cabo Raso. 7. P. CORONOPUS Linn. Rootstock short. Leaves spreading, linear or linear-lanceolate to pin- natifid, with linear segments, hairy, the ribs not prominent. Spikes cylin- drical. Flowers small. Sepals broad, ciliate. Ovary 4-celled ; cells i- seeded. (Mediterr. region; Central Eur. ; North Asia; Austral.); Patagon. •(?). * 8. P. HIRTELLA Kunth. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong or lanceolate, 5-nerved, dentate, the teeth transverse or reflexed, or subsessile, with a basal tubercle, or attenuate to a short, scarious-margined petiole, glabrate, with loose hairs. Peduncles ascending, exceeding the leaves, sometimes puberulous above, violet- colored. Spikes long-cylindrical ; lower flowers lax. Bracts lanceolate, membranaceous-margined. Anterior calyx-leaves equilateral-oval, gla- brous ; posterior broader. Corolla-lobes ovate-cordate, acute, glabrous. Capsule with 4 yellow seeds. (Chili) ; N. Patagon. 9. P. LANCEOLATA Linn. Leaves lanceolate, about 7 cm. long, attenuate-petiolate, slightly hairy, basal, erect or spreading, 3~5-ribbed. Scape exceeding the leaves, erect and angular. Spike ovoid, about 2 cm. long, or less. Sepals scarious, green-ribbed. Stamens twice as long as the corolla. Capsule 2-celled ; seed i in each cell ; filaments white, slender. 736 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. (Eurasia; naturalized in N. Amer.; also in Brazil); Magellan, by Dusen, in the streets of Punta Arenas ; doubtless introduced. 10. PLANT AGO MARITIMA Linn. (P. marginata Steud. ; P. jtmcoides Lam.) Leaves glabrous, fleshy, linear, obscurely nerved, 5-25 cm. long. Scapes exceeding the leaves, with dense, blunt spikes of perfect flowers. Seeds 2-4, twice as long as the calyx. (Eurasia, on the sea-shore; and on coasts of temperate N. Amer.; also in S. Africa. Not in Australasia.) Patagon ; Golfo de San Jorge; Rivers Gallegos and Sta. Cruz; Magellan ; Fuegia, at Ushuaia; Nassau I., form- ing "turf." P. MARITIMA MACROPHYLLA SpCg. Leaves linear, fleshy, acute, 20-30 cm. long. S. Patagon., Salinas by Rio de Sta. Cruz. P. MARITIMA PAUCIFLORA Speg. Small. Leaves linear, short (10-15 mm.), thick, rather rigid, apically callous. Spikes 3~5-flowered. Scapes appressed-setulose, about twice as long as the leaves. N. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. ii. P. MONANTHOS d'Urv. (Plate XXV, Fig. B.) Plantaginella. Stems branching, densely cespitose. Leaves crowded, sheathing at the base, erect, subsquarrose or spreading, narrowly linear- elongate, obtuse, obscurely toothed, with cartilaginous margins. Peditncles many times shorter, glabrous at the base. Spikes i— 4-flowered. Capsiile narrowly clavate, circumscissile below the middle, 2-celled. Cells 2-seeded. S. Fuegia to Cape Horn; Falklands; S. Patagon. (Hatcher). 12. P. MYOSURUS Lam. Leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, entire, 3-nerved, attenuate to a nar- row petiole, puberulous on both sides. Peduncles erect, as long as the leaves, laxly pilose, with spreading hairs. Spikes cylindrical, densely flowered ; bracts hirtellate. Calyx-leaves narrow, oblong-elliptical, inequi- lateral, obscurely toothed-ciliolate. Corolla-lobes ovate-cordate, acute, glabrous. Ovary 3-ovulate, fruit usually 3-seeded. (Montevideo; S. Brazil; Argent); Patagon. MACLOSKIE : PLANTAGINACE/E. 737 13. PLANTAGO OXYPHYLLA Speg. Plantaginella. Suffruticose, 10-20 cm. high, perennial, cespitose. Leaves rigid, linear, long-attenuate, cuspidate, white-mucronate, glabrous, sessile, with a membranous pericladium, long-silky-villous on its inside. Bracts like leaves, i -flowered, 2-bracteolate upwards. Corolla short, glabrous, its lobes narrow, reflexed. S. Patagon., at Salinas by Rio Sta. Cruz. (Specimens referred to this by Dusen have appressed hairs on the epiphyl.) 14. P. PATAGONICA Jacq. Leaves lanceolate-linear, somewhat channeled, entire, woolly. Scape rounded, hirsute. Spike cylindrical. Stamens not protruding. (Western N. Amer., and southwards) ; at Rawson by mouth of Rio Chubut, very common ; Golfo de San Jorge. P. PATAGONICA var. Abundantly white cottony, not rufous, calyx. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 15. P. PSEUDO-PATAGONICA Vatke. (P. patagonica Phil, non Jacq.) Plantaginella. Dwarf annual. Leaves narrow-linear, with a callous tip, hoary-woolly on both sides. Pedttnctes ascending, at length suberect, appressed-silky, exceeding the leaves. Spikes few, i-4-flowered,yft?7(mfc minutely tubercled. (Chili ; Argentina) ; Patagon., Rio Sehnen ; Lago Argentine ; "Relfen." The roots yield a dye for wool. MACLOSKIE I RUBIACE^E. 743 6. GALIUM FORSTERI Phil. Annual ? Low, glabrous, sparsely scabrid here and there ; stem fili- form, branching. Leaves in 4*5, rarely 6's, spatulate-linear, obtuse. Peduncles axillary, equalling the leaf, solitary, i-3-flowered. Fruits rather large, smooth. Height 6 cm.; internodes slightly longer than the leaves, which are 6 mm. long. Magellan. 7. G. FUEGIANUM Hook. f. Annual (?), glabrous. Stem suberect, branching, glabrous. Leaves in 4's, elliptic-oblong, 8 mm. long, acute, obscurely 3-nerved, margins scaberulous, upper ones hispidulous. Peduncles terminal, in 3's, i- flowered, very short when flowering, in fruit strong and long. Fruits hispid-pilose. "Approaching G. trifloritm, but differing by the quaternate leaves, and the invariably simple peduncles." (J. D. Hooker.) Magellan ; Fuegia. 8. G. LEUCOCARPUM DC. Stem diffuse, tetragonal, smooth, branching. Leaves in whorls of 4, linear, mucronate, glabrous. Peduncles axillary, solitary, opposite, i- flowered, short. Fruit glabrous, cream-colored. (Peru; Chili); S. and W. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi. (Dusen.) 9. G. MAGELLANICUM Hook. f. Perennial ? Stem suberect, sparingly branching, minutely hispidulous at the angles. Leaves in 5*5, linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, with re- curved, scaberulous margins. Peduncles axillary, mostly solitary and 2- flowered, rarely paired and i -flowered. Flowers largish. Fmit glabrous. Stems 7 cm. high. "The largest flowered of the Antarctic Gallia." (J. D. Hooker.) Patagon., Magellan, Cabo Negro; near Rio Chubut (here taller, less scapose, the peduncles i-4-flowered) ; Fuegia, at Ushuaia (here with weak stems, often glabrous, leaves cuneate-lanceolate, mucronate, and peduncles i -flowered). 10. G. NIGRICANS CIOS. Suberect, rather robust, branching, scabrous, with tetragonal stems. Leaves 6-7 in the whorl, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, with 744 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. recurved margin. Axillary, floral-branches, di-, tri-chotomously divided. Peduncles terminal, short, corymbosely branching. Immature fruit gla- brous, very small. Plant shining black when dry. (Valdivia) ; Patagon., rare in rocks by Rio Carren-leofu. 1 1 . GALIUM PATAGONICUM O. Ktze. Glabrous, yellowish when dry. Stems 30 cm. high, erect, obtuse-angled, simple or with short, floriferous branches. Leaves in 4's, subulate, acute, reflexed, i cm. by I mm. Flowers axillary, solitary, the peduncles ex- ceeding the leaves. Invohicre 4-leaved. Cocci rugulose, glabrous. Patagon., common in rocky hills by Teka-choique and Lago Musters. 12. G. RELBUN CIOS. Herbaceous, subscabrid, pilose. Stems many from the caudex, fasci- ate, elongate, branching, tetragonal. Leaves in 4's, elliptic or ovate- elliptic, mucronate, margin revolute. Peduncles as long as the leaf, op- posite or whorled, apically 4-bracted, i -flowered. Fruit sessile, globose- didymous, glabrous. (From Aconcagua southwards); N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi. 13. G. RICHARDIANUM Endl. Glabrous, "smoothly scabrid" and shining. Stem erect, 4-angled. Leaves in 4*5, linear-oblong, acute, i -nerved, only half as long as the internode. Peduncles opposite or whorled, as long as the leaves, 4- bracteolate above, 3-flowered. Young frtiits tubercled. (Chili, cordilleras); Patagon., Golfo de San Jorge,RR. Sta. Cruz and Gal- legos; Port Gregory. "Perhaps the same as G. ciliattmi pusillum Endl." (Speg.) Family 107. VALERIANACE^. Valerian Family., Herbs, with opposite, exstipulate leaves, and small, cymose or panicled flowers. Calyx-tube adnate to ovary, its limb small or wanting in the flower, often large in the fruit. Corolla sympetalous, epigynous, 5-lobed, slightly irregular. Stamens 1-4, epipetalous, usually exserted. Ovary i-3-celled, only one cell with i suspended ovule. Achene i -seeded. Endosperm little or none. Species 275, widely distributed, most in N. Hemisphere. MACLOSKIE I VALERIANACEyE. 745 i. VALERIANA Linn. Perennials, with basal leaves. Calyx-limb of 5-15 plumose teeth (pap- pus), unrolled in fruit. Corolla funnelform-tubular, gibbous at base. Stamens mostly 3. Style entire or 2-3-lobed. Species 175, N. Temperate and cold regions; from Himalaya to the Mediterr. region ; also to the Orient ; and to Northern Eurasia ; thence by N. W. Amer. to Mexico, and along the Andes to Patagon. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Pappus none. Leaves usually entire. Bracts connate (Phyllactis). b. Leaves imbricate on the branches. c. Leaves thick, retuse, narrowing basewards, ciliate. Flowers 5-7, 5-cleft, yellow. Corolla-tube long. Stamens 5. sedifolia. C2. Leaves spatulate, some rosulate apically, ovate. Flowers subsessile. Stamens 3. magellanica. b2. Radical leaves spatulate, attenuate-petiolate. Scapes longer. Panicles racemose-spicate, white. Root coarse. macrorhiza. £3. Leaves mostly radical, oblong-linear, lobed-pinnatifid, lobes rounded. Cauline leaves pinnatifid. Panicle short. clarioncefolia. 64. Leaves radical, long-petiolate, oblong, basi-cordate, subsinuate ; cauline leaves ovate, the upper sessile, toothed. Panicle compound. Rhizome long, emitting fibers. lapathifolia. £5. Leaves obovate to ovate-lanceolate, fleshy, sinuate to pinnatifid, long-petiolate, the upper sessile. Panicle long. Fleshy plants. carnosa. 66. Leaves pinnatifid, segments many, linear, acute. Panicle spike-like, interrupted. Stem hollow. polystachya. A2. Pappus plumose (Euvaleriand). b. Leaves radical, spatulate, incise-toothed, fleshy, attenuate-petiolate. Flowers glomerulate on spike-like scapes. Stamens 3. Root napiform. crassiscaposa. b2. Leaves lanceolate, entire, sessile, glabrous; upper basi-cordate. Corymbs terminal, decompound. salicifolia. £3. Leaves oblanceolate, the lower entire, the upper basi-auricled, some pinnatifid. Panicle contracted, white. chubutensis. 64. Leaves sometimes fleshy, the lower entire, the upper pinnatifid. Panicle long, lax. laxa. b^. Leaves ovate or oval, petiolate, glabrous. c. Leaves few, toothed-incised ; upper pinnately-parted ; floral linear. Panicle lax, few- flowered, laxiflora. C2. Leaves all toothed ; upper oval-oblong. Cyme contracted. Rhizome tuberous. obtusifolia. b6. Lower leaves ovate ; upper lyrate-pinnatifid. Panicle lax, large. Annual. virescens. A$. Leaves lyrate-pinnatisect, segments oblong, large above. Panicle thyrsoid. Fruit hoary. regularis. 746 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. Phyllactis Pers. as a genus is polymorphous, with or without stems, leaves entire or variously dissected, and with dense or lax cymes with spreading corolla-limb; stamens 3, and fruit without pappns, but crowned by the non-accrescent crown. Benth. & Hook, assign to it 30 Andine- Mexican species. Eng. & Prantl place it as a section of Valeriana, with 10 species, mostly stemless, leaves entire and bracts connate, no pappus, corolla 3-5-lobed, with long tube. (Fig. of V. (Phyllactis] rigida R. & P. of great altitudes in Peru; in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 4, p. 180, B.) i. VALERIANA CARNOSA Smith. (V. magellanica Lam.) Glabrous. Stem erect, 60 cm., rather rigid, simple. Leaves mostly radical, long-petiolate, obovate to obovate-lanceolate, fleshy, sinuate, ser- rate, or incised-pinnatifid, lobes and sinuses obtuse, the uppermost leaves oblong, sessile. Panicle terminal, elongate ; its branches suberect. Bracts acuminate, basally connate. Lateral peduncles dichotomizing, 6-8-flow- ered. Fruits oblong, glabrous, retrorsely denticulate. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi ; mts. of Chubut ; Rio Sta. Cruz ; Cabo Negro; Magellan; N. and E. Fuegia (Dusen, "a steppe-plant, every- where over the steppes "). 2. V. CHUBUTENSIS SpCg. Simple, glabrous, perennial herb, with slender root and fistulous, terete to tetragonal stems, 40-80 cm. high. Leaves thin, membranaceous ; the radical entire, oblanceolate, rather obtuse, long-attenuate-petiolate ; the cauline acute, few, remote, lanceolate, basally auricled-connate and there subpuberulous ; the lower toothed, the upper pinnatifid, and the upper- most linear. Panicle not much branching, contracted, with linear brac- teoles, white flowers, glabrous achenes, and a crown of 12 plumose setulae. Chubut, in wet places along Carren-leofu. 3- V. CLARION^EFOLIA Phil. Glabrous herb. Stem terete, 15 cm. high. Leaves coriaceous, nearly all radical, rosulate, oblong-linear, lobate-pinnatifid ; lobes 8 pairs, subor- bicular, usually imbricating, decurrent. Cauline leaves 3 pairs, attenuate- petiolate, small, deeply pinnatifid, segments linear. Panicle short, com- pact, few-flowered. Corollas rather large. Anthers and stigma included. Fruit glabrous, crowned by the short calyx ; no pappus. MACLOSKIE : VALERIANACEyE. 747 (Chili); Patagon., by Nahuel-huapi, Chubut; Rio Sta. Cruz; Valley of Lago Blanco, Fuegia. The Patagonian forms have lax diffused panicle, lobes of the leaves obovate, often toothed on both sides in the upper part. 4. VALERIANA CRASSISCAPOSA O. Ktze. (V. moyanoi Speg. ) Herb, 15 cm. high, with radical leaves, spiciform scape from the alter- nate glomerules. Root branching, napiform. Leaves rosulate, fleshy, spatulate, incised-toothed, 3 cm. long, attenuate to a broad petiole. Bracts oblong, acute. Flowers sessile. Corolla-tube very short. Stamens 3. Fruit compressed, 4 mm. long, with many plumose pappus-hairs, 6 mm. long. (Tucuman) ; S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine, Chubut. 5. V. LAPATHIFOLIA Vahl. (Speg. sub Phyllactis). Leaves radical, long-petioled, oblong, acute, cordate or rounded at the base, entire, margins obscurely sinuate. Cauline leaves ovate, 45 cm. long, shortly petiolate, the uppermost often sessile and dentate ; nerves slightly pilose above, petioles ciliate at their base. Panicle compound, broadly ovate, bracts linear, obtuse, ciliate-dentate. Rhizome long ; hori- zontal, sending out fibrous roots from its nodes. Magellan, in damp woods; by Hatcher at Punta Arenas. "Leaves villous above on the nerves " not so in these specimens. Fuegia. (Speg.) 6. V. LAXA Phil. Herbaceous, glabrous, nearly a meter high, terete, fistulous. Leaves fleshy ; the radical entire, oblong, doubly attenuate, sinuate, equalling the petiole. Cauline pinnatifid, segments 3-5-jugous, those of the upper leaves all equal, oblong or linear, obtuse, i-2-toothed on both sides. Panicle long, lax. Branches about 6 pairs trichotomous, branchlets few- flowered ; corolla mediocre. Genitalia included, fruit compressed, lageni- form, glabrous. Calyx plumose. (Chilian Andes) ; Chubut, in rocks along Carren-leofu and by Lago Cholila. The leaves vary much, sometimes fleshy. 7. V. LAXIFLORA DC. Perennial, glabrous undershrub, ascending. Leaves petiolate, few, ovate or oval, irregularly toothed-incised. Floriferous branches exceeding the 748 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. leaves, rather naked. Upper leaves pinnatipartite, the lobes 1-2 cm. on each side, entire. Floral leaves linear. Branches of the lax panicle opposite, apically trifid, few-flowered. (Chili) ; Patagon. 8. VALERIANA MACRORHIZA (Poepp., sub Phyllactis]. Perennial, glabrous herb, with coarse root. Radical leaves spatulate, obtuse, attenuate to a petiole, twice as long as the limb. Scapes slightly exceeding the leaves. Panicle racemose-spicate ; racemules opposite, the lowest stalked. Floral leaves linear. Petals white ; stamens exsert. (Chili) ; Chubut, in mountains by Rio Carren-leofu. V. MACRORHIZA PUMILA Speg. Stemless, with a thick, tuberous rootstock, 20 mm. diam., having long and thick fibrous roots. Leaves rosulate, obovate or spatulate, entire, attenuate downwards, then dilating into a pericladium, with 3-5 parallel nerves. Scapes simple, 2-6 cm. high, bearing a small, ovate flower-head. Patagon., Chubut Cordilleras, near Carren-leofu. 9. V. MAGELLANICA Hombr. & Jacq. (non. Lam., Speg. sub Phyllactis\ Cespitose, low ; branches aggregate, some erect, some spreading, short, subdenudate, divided at base. Leaves closely imbricate along the branches and rosulate-crowded at the apex, spatulate ; their limb ovate, short, atten- uate-petiolate, dilated basewards, and ciliate-denticulate. Flowers sub- sessile among the upper leaves, 2-bracteolate., 3-staminate. Magellan. V. MAGELLANICA AZORELLOIDES Speg. Woody, botryose-branching trunks ; forming large, hemispherical turf, 25-125 cm. in diam., as of Azorella. Leaves imbricate-rosulate at ends of the branches, elliptic-ovate, obtuse, flat, plicate when dry, with pectinate, ciliolate petiole. Fruit glabrous, oblanceolate, obtuse both ways, crowned by the calyx-teeth. S. Patagon., near Lago Argentine, at Karr Aike. (V. MOYANOI Speg. =V. CRASSISCAPOSA O. Ktze.) Chubut; S. Patagon., by Lago Argentino. MACLOSKIE : VALERIANACEyE. 749 10. VALERIANA OBTUSIFOLIA DC. Erect, glabrous, with spindle-shaped, tuberous root and obtuse leaves. Lower leaves obovate to oval-petiolate ; upper sessile, oval-oblong ; all the leaves more or less coarsely toothed, especially towards the base. Cyme contracted. (Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Coy Inlet, Dec. 30, 1896; B. Brown at Killik Aike, Jan. 5, 1900. ii. V. POLYSTACHYA Smith. (Benth. & Hook, sub Phyllactis.} Perennial. Stem erect, simple, short, or i meter tall, i cm. thick or more, fistulose, substriate or glabrous. Leaves usually pinnatifid, with many segments, slender, glabrous, gradually dilated basewards, subcon- nate. Lateral lobes opposite, linear, acute, entire or slightly toothed, or with i or 2 large teeth. Flowers somewhat polygamous, in interrupted spike-like panicles. (S. Brazil; Argentina); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 12. V. REGULARIS CloS. Root short, undivided. Stem about 60 cm. high, erect, terete, sub- striate, shining. Radical and stem-leaves lyrate-pinnatisect ; the segments generally from the base of the petiole, 9, irregularly oblong, the upper ones larger, toothed or subentire. Panicle thyrsoid, its branches some- times from the base, lax, symmetrical, the pedicels tri-di-chotomously divided. Flowers shorter than the lanceolate, acute, entire bracts, ap- pressed-puberulous. Fruit ovate, lageniform, hoary-puberulous. (Chili) ; N. Patagon., in marshy places by Lago Nahuel-huapi. 13. V. SALICIFOLIA Vahl. (V. salicariczfolia Vahl.) Glabrous. Stems herbaceous, simple-striate, not climbing. Leaves all undivided, lanceolate, entire, sessile ; upper leaves basi-cordate. Corymbs terminal, decompound. (Near Buenos Ayres) ; N. Patagon. (?). 14. V. SEDIFOLIA d'Urv. (sub Phyllactis]. Suffruticose ; branches ascending, short. Leaves imbricate, thick, cori- aceous, retuse, narrowing at base, minutely ciliate. Flowers 5-7, sup- 75O PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. ported by the upper leaves ; 5-cleft, yellow, with long corolla-tube. Stamens 5. Magellan; Fuegia; Falklands ; Staaten I. 15. VALERIANA VIRESCENS Clos. Glabrous or pubescent. Leaves membranaceous ; the radical ovate, entire or lyrate, 3-lobed ; the cauline lyrate-pinnatifid ; the uppermost narrow-pinnatifid. Panicle ample, lax. Fruit small, pallid, puberulous, with a crown of 10-12, not long, plumose setulae. Chubut, common in upper meadows, near Carren-leofu. 2. VALERIANELLA Pollich (1776). (Plectritis DC, Fedia Moench.) Annual herbs, mostly with undivided leaves and no pappus-like crown on the fruit. Flowers in a head. Corolla spurred or gibbous, the tube at least twice as long as the lobes. Stamens 3. The sterile locules of the fruit wing-like or wanting, \hzfrnit becoming trigonal. Calyx scarcely visible, even in the fruit. Species nearly 10, on the Pacific side of N. and S. Amer. V. SAMOLIFOLIA (DC.) Benth. & Hook. A span to 30 cm. high. Verticillastrate clusters 2-4, small. Bracts slender-subulate (the uppermost sometimes 3-parted). Corolla 2 mm. long, sub-bilabiate, with short spur. Achene-like fruit resembling buck- wheat, subglabrate, to 2 mm. long. (Oregon and California.) V. SAMOLIFOLIA PUSILLA Speg. Low, 10-30 mm. high, stems simple; leaves broadly obovate, obtuse, as long as, or longer than, the internodes. Chubut, by Rio Carren-leofu. Family 108. DIPSACACE^E. Teasel Family. Herbs, with opposite or rarely whorled, exstipulate leaves, and perfect, sympetalous flowers in involucrate heads. Calyx-tube adhering to the ovary. Corolla epigynous. Stamens 2—4, epipetalous, anthers versatile. Ovary i-celled, i-ovuled. Style and stigma simple. Achene crowned by the persistent calyx-lobes. Rndosperm fleshy. Species 140, natives of the Old World. MACLOSKIE I CAMPANULACEyE. 75 1 DIPSACUS Linn. Tall biennials or perennials, rough and prickly, like thistles; with unusually large leaves and blue, 4-merous flowers, in terminal, peduncled heads. Invohicral bracts rigid or spiny-pointed. Invohtcels 4-8-ribbed. Calyx-limb and corolla-limb 4-lobed. Stamens 4. Species 15. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 4, p. 183, J, K.) D. SILVESTRIS Huds. Stout prickles on stem and leaves. Leaves sessile or connate-perfoliate upwards, lanceolate or oblong, or acuminate and entire at the top, toothed or pinnatifid below. Scales of the receptacle straight-pointed. (Europe and the Orient; naturalized in N. Amer.) ; N. Patagon., recently introduced and spreading rapidly over Patagon. Its roots are used as a popular medicine for chest diseases ; called by the Spaniards "Carda de la Sierra." The Fuller's Teasel (D. fullomim L., with hook- pointed receptacular scales) is supposed to be a cultivated variety of this species. Family 109. CAMPANULACE.E. Bellflower Family. Herbs (rarely tropical woody plants), with alternate, exstipulate leaves, and perfect, 5-merous, sympetalous flowers. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary. Corolla epigynous, regular or irregular. Stamens 5, filaments separate or connate. Ovary 2-5-celled, with axile placenta, or rarely i- celled, with parietal placentae. Style i, mostly lobed. Seeds numerous, small, with endosperm. Species 1,500, widely distributed. KEY TO THE GENERA. A, Flowers actinomorphic. Anthers free (CAMPANULOIDE.E). Stamens epigynous, not on the corolla. Ovary immersed. b. Filaments wide at base. Capsule globular, 2-5-valved. Flowers in cymes. I. Wahlenbergia, p. 752. b2. Filaments short, hairy. Capsule prismatic, 3 -celled, opening by 3 lateral windows. Flowers axillary. 2. Legouzia ( Specular ia), p. 752. A2. Flowers zygomorphic ; synantherous, with filaments also more or less connate (LOBELIOIDE*:). b. Corolla-tube open dorsally to the base. c. Fruit a globular, 2-celled capsule, dehiscing loculicidally, with 2 subapical valves. Odd sepal dorsal. Proterandrous. 3. Lobelia, p. 753. 752 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. C2. Fruit a berry. Anthers 2 apically tufted, 3 naked. Mostly creeping herbs, with broad leaves and i-flowered peduncles. Often dioecious. 4. Pratia, p. 753. bi. Corolla-tube not open behind. Capsule indehiscent, or dehiscing by a lid. Filaments connate at least below ; 2 anthers with i or a few apical bristles, 3 naked. Habit of Pratia. 5. Hypsela, p. 754. i. WAHLENBERGIA Schrad. Herbs, or with woody base and varying habit. Generally with blue, nodding, regular flowers and erect, 2-5-valved capsule, dehiscing at the apex. Corolla more or less deeply 5- or rarely 3-4-cleft. Stamens epigynous, filaments wide at base; anthers free. (Campanula has the capsule dehiscing laterally.) Species 70, chiefly in S. and W. Africa; the Mediterr. region; Him- alaya; Japan; Malaya; Tasmania; New Zeal.; also in trop. Amer. In the Southern Hemisphere it takes the place of Campanula in the Northern. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 58.) W. LINARIOIDES DC. Glabrous, erect, perennial herb, with simple stem, or branching from the base. Leaves linear, subdenticulate. Pedicels terminal, long, naked. Calyx-tube obconical ; its lobes triangular-acuminate, as long as the tube. Corolla funnelform, 5-cleft, half longer than the calyx-lobes. Capsule long, obconical, 2-celled. Seeds lenticular. (Chili; S. Brazil; used medicinally against colic); N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. 2. LEGOUZIA Durand, 1782. (Specularia Heister, 1830.) Venus's Looking-glass. Low annuals, with axillary, bluish flowers. Calyx 5-(3~4-) lobed. Sta- mens 5, separate. Corolla 5-lobed. Stamens 5, separate ; filaments short, hairy. Stigmas 3. Capsule prismatic-oblong, 3-celled, opening by 3 lat- eral valves. Species 10, chiefly in Northern Hemisphere. L. PERFOLIATA (Linn, sub Campanula] Britton. Leaves roundish-ovate, clasping by the cordate base, toothed, slightly hairy. Flowers sessile, 1—3 in the axils, only the upper ones having an MACLOSKIE : CAMPANULACE/E. 753 expanded corolla. Capsule straight, opening below the middle. Seeds lenticular. (N. Amer.); Patagon., Chubut, in elevated meadows. 3. LOBELIA Linn. Chiefly herbs, with alternate or basal leaves and zygomorphous flowers usually in terminal racemes or panicles. Corolla-tube divided on the dor- sal side. Stamens 5, mostly free from the corolla, all the anthers united around the 2-cleft style; 2 anthers hairy-tufted. Ovary 2-celled, many- ovulate. Fruit a capsule. Species 225, widely dispersed. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 66, A.) L. FLUVIATILIS Br. Glabrous. Creeping, with ascending, angulate branches. Leaves oval, serrate, subciliate, sometimes entire. Pedicels bractless, longer or shorter than the leaves. Calyx-tube long-ovoid, pubescent, its lobes linear. Corolla 4 times as long as the calyx-lobes, white (?). Anthers glabrous, the inferior pair tufted. (Near Port Jackson, Australia, the type) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher, near Cape Fairweather, Oct., 1896. The Patagonian form is not creeping, has entire leaves, and the calyx about three-fourths as long as the corolla. 4. PRATIA Gaudich. Slender, creeping herbs, rarely ascending or erect, with alternate, toothe*1, broad leaves, and axillary, i -flowered peduncles; or abortively dioecious. Calyx-tube obovoid, adnate, wanting in male flowers, lobes 5, subequal. Corolla oblique, its tube dorsally parted to the base, its lobes slightly unequal or bilabiate. Stamen-tube free or attached to the base of the corolla. Anthers, 2 apically awned or tufted ; the other 3 naked. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, with many ovules. Fruit a berry, crowned by the calyx- lobes. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 68.) Species 16, Himalaya, Malaya, Java, Australia, New Zeal., Auckland Is., and in S. Amer., from Bolivia and Brazil southward. 754 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. i. PRATIA LONGIFLORA Hook. f. (including Hypsela atacamensis Phil.). Lax-cespitose, glabrous. Stem rather stout, nodose, subsimple. Leaves few, erect, fleshy, long-petiolate, ovate, obtuse, entire or obscurely sinu- ate. Peduncles almost terminal, as long as the leaves, bractless. Calyx- segments ovate, acute. Corolla-tube cylindrical, elongate, thrice as long as its spreading lobes. (Chilian Andes) ; Patagon.; Magellan. Leaves narrower and smaller than of next ; and FIG. 95. corolla-tube longer and narrower. 2. P. REPENS Gaud. Small, branching, creeping. Leaves on long peti- oles, thickish, induplicate, orbiculate, subcordate, sinu- ate-crenate. Pedicels axillary, few, as long as the petioles, with 2-3 very small, acute bracteoles. Calyx- lobes ovate, acute, shorter than the obovoid tube, one- fifth as long as the rose-violet corolla. Seeds pale fus- cous. (Fig. 95.) Magellan; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Rio Coy, Pratia repens. - - Flow- and Nordenskj. at Rio Gallegos ; Fuegia, passim, by ering-shoot with leaves, -. . TTIIIJ r a u u i j slightly reduced. Dusen ; Falklands, "of steppe-flora, by brooks, and in forests with poor rain-fall." "Pratia repens Gaudich. and Hypsela reniformis Presl. found in the Andes are very much alike." (Eng. & Prantl.) (Hypsela has the corolla not dorsally parted.) 5. HYPSELA Presl. Dwarf, creeping or cespitose herbs, with radical or alternate leaves, broad, with a thick petiole, and axillary peduncles, each with a small, white to pinkish flower. Corolla-tube not parted, its lobes slightly unequal and spreading. Two anthers, with i or more apical setae ; three not appen- daged. Fruit a capsule. Species 5, in the southern Andes. i. H. LONGIFLORA Benth. & Hook. (Pratia atacamensis Phil.) Small, creeping, glabrous, with ovate-orbicular, entire, noncordate leaves, the petioles much exceeding the blades. Calyx-teeth stout, triangular, MACLOSKIE — GOODENIACE/E. 755 broader than long. Stamens and styles as long as the not-cleft, subregu- lar corolla, which is white to violet. (Chili) ; Magellan. (The above characters are from Philippi's plant.) 2. HYPSELA RENIFORMIS Presl. Glabrous, creeping. Leaves orbiculate-reniform, petioles as long as the limb, pedicels shorter. Calyx-tiibe campanulate, exceeding the ovate lobes. Corolla-tube 2-4 times as long as the calyx-lobes ; corolla-lobes ovate-acuminate. (Andine, at Antisana Volcano in Quito and to Chili) ; S. Patagon., at Coy Inlet, by Peterson, and at Cabo Negro; Killik Aike. (B. Brown.) (See note to Pratia repens.} Family 110. GOODENIACE.E. Herbs or shrubs, with usually alternate or radical, exstipulate leaves, and no milky juice, and with perfect, mostly irregular, 5-merous flowers, hav- ing adnate calyx and sympetalous corolla. Stamens 5, alternipetalous, epigynous, with antkers usually distinct. Ovary i-2-celled. Style simple or 2-cleft, with an indusium enclosing the stigma. Ovules i or more in the cells. Fruit a drupe or capsule. Embryo straight in axis of endo- sperm. Species 200, chiefly Australian ; some in tropical Asia, New Zeal. ; with stragglers in Afr., W. Indies, Pacific Is. and Antarctic Amer. SELLIERA Cav. Low, perennial herbs, with creeping stem and i -lipped, purplish corolla, with valvate lobes. Mouth of indusium naked. Peduncles long, i- flowered, with 2 small bracts midway. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent. Seeds 2 or more, ascending. Species 2, Australia; one of these is also in New Zeal, and in S. Amer., viz. : S. RADICANS Pers. Glabrous, rooting at the nodes, with sessile to long-petioled oblanceo- late, thickish, glabrous leaves, entire and subacute, 3-7 cm. long. (Austral. ; New Zeal.); Chiloe, in moist places by the sea; W. Patagon. 756 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. Family 111. CANDOLLEACE.E (or Stylidieae). Mostly herbs, with radical, or sparse or falsely-whorled cauline, exstipu- late, entire leaves ; flowers with calyx-tube adnate to the ovary and limb 5-lobed or bilabiate, and with corolla sympetalous, usually irregular. Stamens 2, connate with the style. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, or at the base i -celled. Stigmas 2. Ovules numerous, with endosperm. Species 100, chiefly Australian; some in tropical Asia, New Zeal, and Antarctic Amer. PHYLLACHNE Forst. Low, perennial herbs, with rosular or imbricating leaves. Corolla nearly regular, campanulate. Species 9, New Zeal. ; also i in Austral., and i in Patagon. P. ULIGINOSA Forst. (Forstera muscifolia W.) Moss-like herbs. Flowers solitary on the peduncles, nearly sessile among the leaves. Capsttle turbinate, indehiscent. E. and W. Magellan, Fuegia to Cape Horn. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 83, F.) "Flourishes most in the rainy forest region, and to 700 m. of elevation." (Dusen.) Family 112. CALYCERACE^;. Procumbent or low herbs, with radical or alternate, exstipulate leaves and regular, superior, sympetalous flowers on a common receptacle en- closed by a common involucre ; usually with chaff subtending the indi- vidual flowers. Calyx-tube 5-angled, leading to as many teeth, persisting on the achenes. Stamens usually 5, epipetalous, connate. Ovary i -celled, i -seeded. Style undivided. Seed with endosperm. Species 23, all S. American ; 2 in Brazil ; most in the Chilian Andes. "They are carried down thence to the plains (of Patagonia, etc.) by the mountain streams." (J. Ball.) KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Flowers all similar (except sometimes in Boopis), b. Involucrate bracts connate below. Achenes free, ribbed or prismatic. i. Boopis, p. 757. l>2. Involucre connate high up, but 12-toothed. 2. Gamocarpha, p. 761. £3. As Boopis, but achene with obtuse calyx lobes. 3. Nastanthus, p. 763. MACLOSKIE : CALYCERACEyE. 757 A2. Flowers of center sterile ; marginal flowers fertile, their fruits connate and crowned by the thorny calyx. 4. Acicarpha, p. 764. i. BOOPIS Juss. Glabrous; stem ascending and branching, or scapiform and i -headed. The heads pedunculate; all \hzflowers in a head are of the same charac- ter, or with a few smaller sterile flowers. Invohicrate bracts partly con- nate. Achenes free, crowned by the calyx-teeth. Species 10, in Chilian Andes. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 86, A-D.) KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Leaves fleshy. b. Leaves linear, subentire or subpinnate. chubutensis. b2. Leaves lanceolate or narrower, sessile, mostly amplexicaul, toothed. Calyx-lobes and achene dimorphous ; the achene winged. crassifolia. £3. Leaves oblanceolate or obovate, long-attenuate-petiolate. Involucre I -leaved, 5-8- toothed. patagonica. 64. Cauline leaves linear, subentire or basally appendaged ; lower leaves rosulate. Stems concrescent,. diverging above, I -headed. australis. b$. Leaves ovate to subspatulate, entire, the lower with whitish petioles. alpina. 66. Leaves rounded, toothed, with long, broad petioles. Flowers long, green, without involucre. ameghinoi. A2. Leaves not fleshy. b. Leaves entire or nearly so, linear. c. Short, leafy branches, with heads sessile amid the leaves. filifolia. C2. Scape remotely leafy, apically i -headed and with axillary heads. leptophylla. b2. Radical leaves linear-lanceolate, incised, often recurved, attenuate-petiolate. Peduncles i-headed, leafy near top. squarrosa. b$. Radical leaves spatulate, half-pinnatifid, upper leaves simpler, leafless at top. Heads terminal, i (rarely 2). scapigera. 64. Leaves pinnatisect. c. Segments capillaceous. Corolla-tubes slender. Achenes winged. anthemoides. c2. Segments narrow-linear. Head solitary, terminal, on a long peduncle, rigidula. c$. Segments oblong, pinnately toothed. Cau line-leaves similar but simpler. Flowers white. multicaulis. b$. Leaves pectinate, oblong-linear. Corolla short, its tube nearly cylindrical, gracilis. 66. Leaves laciniate. laciniata. i. B. ALPINA Poepp. (Gamocarpha poeppigii DC.) Leaves fleshy, green to glaucous, plicate, ovate or subspatulate, entire, the lower with a whitish petiole. S. Patagon., by Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz. •758 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. 2. BOOPIS (?) AMEGHINOI Speg. Leaves rounded, dentate, with long, broad petioles. Flowers long, green, without any involucre. Patagonia, near Lago Argentine. 3. B. ANTHEMOIDES JuSS. Leaves pinnatipartite, the lobes capillaceous. Receptacle-pales few and slender. Calyx-lobes acute or mucronate. Corolla-tube slender. Achenes smooth, angles winged. (Chili to Bonaria, near Bahia Blanca) ; N. Patagon., at the confluence of Rios Limay and Neuquen. B. ANTHEMOIDES SUBSCANDENS Speg. Involucre far surpassing the flower-head. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 4. B. AUSTRALIS Griseb. Fleshy perennial. Stems concrescent from their1 base to the middle, diverging upwards like a dense corymb, i -headed. Lowest leaves rosu- late; cauline linear, subentire, or above appendaged. Involucral lobes entire, ovate-lanceolate, rather obtuse, crowned by the head. Receptacle with no or fugacious pales. S. Patagon., by Rios Chico and Sta. Cruz; Magellan., in sandy mari- time places; N. and E. Fuegia, " of the steppe-flora." (Dusen.) 5. B. CHUBUTENSIS Speg. Glabrous, green, perennial, subcespitose. Leaves numerous, very rosu- late, thick-fleshy, narrowly linear, subrevolute, entire or remotely and briefly pinnate ; apex and teeth acute, mucronate. Scapes solitary or few, erect, naked, scarcely equalling the leaves, i -headed; heads rather large, hemispherical ; involucre-leaves 5-8, ovate-triangular, acute, entire or few- toothed. Flowers crowded, free ; ovaries turbinate, the lobes 5, narrow- lanceolate, acute. Corolla white, cylindraceous-turbinate, 5-toothed. Sta- mens 5, inserted at the middle of the tube. Style long, exsert, scarcely thickened upwards. Chubut, in dry rocks along Rio Chubut. MACLOSKIE — CALYCERACE^E. 759 6. Boons CRASSIFOLIA A. Gray. Glabrous. Stem, 20-30 cm. high, with branches leafy to the top. Leaves fleshy, sessile, mostly amplexicaul, lanceolate or narrower, repand- toothed. Heads shortly peduncled. Involucre fleshy, deeply 5-y-cleft, its segments oblong. Calyx-lobes of 2 kinds, broad-triangular and nar- rower. Receptacle-pales filiform, with spatulate apex. Achenes mostly 5-winged, dimorphous, the larger crowned with 4-5 spines, the smaller with acute lobes. Patagon., widely distributed here, in sandy soil by the coast, and on the higher plateau. B. CRASSIFOLIA SPINULIGERA Speg. Taller, 25-50 cm., coarsely branching. Leaves sessile, elliptic or sub- spatulate (40 mm. by 12 mm.), irregularly repand-toothed ; the teeth mu- cronulate or spiniferous. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro and Bahia San Bias. 7. B. FILIFOLIA Speg. Glabrous, stemless, with filiform rhizome, and short, fasciculate-leafy branches. Leaves narrow-linear, entire, obtuse. Heads solitary, acrog- enous, sessile amid the leaves, mid-sized. Involucre hemispherical, 6- i2-toothed. Achene obscurely pentagonal. S. Patagon., by Rios Sta. Cruz and Chico ; between San Julian and Rio Deseado. 8. B. GRACILIS Phil. Glabrous, branching annual, about 22 mm. long, high, glaucous. Leaves pectinate, oblong-linear in outline, with 3-5 teeth on both sides, the upper shorter-toothed, the uppermost entire. Involucral scales connate more than half way, broad-triangular, equalling the flowers. Pales very few, hair-like. Corolla short, its tubes subcylindrical. Fruit 5-costate. (Chili) ; Chubut, in pastures near Carren-leofu. 9. B. LACINIATA Ball. Leaves laciniate. Cetera ? N. Patagon., on gravelly beds of Rios Negro and Chubut. 10. B. LEPTOPHYLLA Speg. Glabrous, tall. Radical leaves crowded, long-linear, obtuse, entire or apically lobed. Scape erect, angulate-striate, remotely leafy, bearing an 760 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. apical flower-head, and some additional, pediceled, axillary heads. Invo- lucre 5-8-cleft, with long segments. Achenes sharply pentagonal, white, smooth, crowned by the calyx-lobes. S. Patagon., swampy sands by Rio Chico; along Golfo de San Jorge. Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla-tube. II. BOOPIS MULTICAULIS Phil. Glabrous. Stems 30 cm. high, several from the root, erect, subnude, i-3-headed, Radical leaves g cm. long, deeply pinnatifid, nearly pinnate ; petioles naked to their middle. Lobes 4-5 pairs, oblong, obtuse, pin- natifid-toothed. Cauline leaves in 2's or 3*5, subsessile, pinnatifid, their segments at length* 'entire. Pedtmcles 7 cm. long, naked. Involucral scales entire, attenuate, or i or 2 of them spatulate, 3-toothed. Pales lanceolate to setaceous. Corolla long, with white limb. (Andes) ; Chubut, in rocks by Carren-leofu. B. MULTICAULIS PATAGONICA O. Ktze. Stems short, 5 cm. long. Involucral lobes mostly leafy-toothed. Patagon. 12. B. PATAGONICA Speg. (B. alpina Speg. non Poepp.) Low, stemless, glabrous perennial, green-glaucous. Leaves oblanceo- late, or obovate, fleshy, long-attenuate-petiolate. Heads subsessile, turbi- nate. Invohicre i -leaved, 5-8-toothed, or lobed, the lobes often obtuse and very large. Pales none. Flowers numerous; corollas white, 5-toothed cylindraceous. Stamens inserted near the base of the tube. Style fili- form, long-exserted. Ovary 5-costate, glabrous. S. Patagon. ; in dry places near Chonkenk Aike by Rio Chico ; and between San Julian and Rio Deseado. 13. B. RIGIDULA Miers. Stems simple, erect, angulate-striate, flexuose. Leaves pinnatisect, segments and rachis narrow-linear, 4-5 pairs and a terminal one, divari- cate-mucronate, rigid, coriaceous, revolute. Head solitary, terminal, long-peduncled. Involucre connate, broad, lo-cleft nearly to middle. Segments narrow, 3-nerved, aciculate. Flowers equal. Calyx-lobes ob- scurely 3-toothed at apex. (Chili, Argentina) ; Patagon. MACLOSKIE: CALYCERACE^. 761 Grisebach regards the above as a variation of B. anthemoides, with broader leaf-segments, and sometimes with 10 or 5 involucral lobes. BOOPIS RIGIDULA PATAGONICA Hieron. Leaf-segments very narrow-linear. Involucres of larger heads 8-cleft, of smaller heads 5-cleft ; the lobes triangular, ending in a subulate tooth ; margins toothed. Flowers shorter. Calyx-segments 1-3 for each achene. N. Patagon., mostly by hills near Rio Negro; near mouth of Rio Chubut. 14. B. SCAPIGERA Remy. (Plate XXVI.) Stems numerous, scapiform, naked or sparsely leafy at top, 12-15 cm- high. Radical leaves rosulate, spatulate, half-pinnatifid, long-attenuate, glabrous. Upper leaves shorter, subentire. Heads terminal, solitary, rarely 2. Involucre s-y-leaved, its leaves short, connate. Outer pales of receptacle dilated-leafy ; inner narrow. Corolla tubular, its limb of 5 ob- long, 3-nerved divisions. Filaments united at base. Style protruding, subcapitate. Achenes crowned by the 5 persisting, obtuse calyx-leaves. Chili ; S. provinces ; by Hatcher near Rio Sta. Cruz. (Determined from Remy's description in Gay's Flora chilensis.} 15. B. SQUARROSA Miers. (B. australis Dene, non Gris.) Glabrous, subcespitose ; stems or peduncles subscapiform, very numer- ous. Radical leaves many, and other cauline ones shorter, linear-lanceo- late, incised-serrate, the segments remote, angulate, mucronate, often sub- recurved, narrowed to a long, flat petiole. Peduncles i -headed, leafy under the apex. Involucre cup-shaped, 5-cleft beyond the middle. Seg- ments linear, acute, toothed. Pales shorter than the flowers, linear- spatulate. Magellan. B. SQUARROSA var. Leaves and scapes shorter and thicker than in the preceding. S. Patagon., by Rio Chico. 2. GAMOCARPHA DC. Involucre dentate, consisting of about 6-12 scales, connate high up. Receptacular fimbriae acute, connate in alveoli. Flowers all fertile. Calyx-lobes 5, elliptical, obtuse. Corolla 5-cleft, lo-nerved. Anthers in- 762 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS '. BOTANY. eluded, wingless, tailless, the filaments apically distinct. Style long, ex- sert, slender, scarcely capitate. Achene angulate. Chilian herbs. i. GAMOCARPHA AMEGHINOI Speg. (olim sub Boopis}. Glabrous, fleshy ; the branches prostrate, short, rosulate-leafy. Leaves suborbicular, incised-toothed, long and broad-petiolate. Scapes thick, short-bracteate, with apical flower-head, but no involucre. Flowers rather long, greenish, glomerate at the axils of the upper bracts. S. Patagon., mountains at Karr Aike near Lago Argentine. 2. G. CALEOFUENSIS Speg. Low, erect, simple or few-branched, glabrous, green. Leaves crowded, erect, appressed, thickish, spatulate, apically trifid, with short obtuse lobes ; margin thick, subrevolute ; basally attenuate to a flat petiole 3-4 times as long as the limb. Scapes sparsely leafy, i -headed. Involucre formed of short-stalked leaves ; pales like the leaves, but shorter, concrescent at their base. Flowers numerous, crowded ; ovary turbinate, glabrous ; corolla subcylindrical, 5-toothed, whitish. Stamens inserted at base of tube ; style long, exsert. Chubut, in rocks at base of Carren-leofu springs. 3. G. PATAGONICA Speg. Stoloniferous perennial. Leaves oblanceolate-linear, long-attenuate- petiolate, coarsely and obtusely toothed, teeth i-3-jugous, rather fleshy, green. Scapes erect, having 2 opposite branches of their own length, all i-3-leaved, i-headed. //zw/wc/^-io-partite ; the segments broad-linear, obtuse, entire, scarcely equalling the funnelform flowers. Corollas white- greenish, 5-parted to the staminal insertion. Chubut, mountains near Bolson. 4. G. SUBANDINA Speg. Cespitose-pulvinate perennial, glabrous, green. Leaves crowded at the top of branches of the rhizome, subrosulately imbricated, thick, coriaceous, shining; their limbs obovate, involutely complicate, pinnatifid, the lobes 2-3 pairs, short, obtuse, subimbricate-connivent, cuneate-attenuate down- wards to a trigonal petiole, 3-8 times longer. Scapes none. Heads hemispherical, compound, many-flowered, sessile in the center of the MACLOSKIE I CALYCERACE/E. 763 rosules. Bracts 3-5-cleft, concrescent. Flowers greenish. Ovaries angu- late, subconcrescent, apically truncate, 5-toothed, the teeth lanceolate. Corollas obconical-cylindraceous, shortly 5-toothed. Stamens inserted at base of the tube. Style filiform, exsert. Chubut, in mountains by Carren-leofu. Allied to G. caleofuensis. ' 3. NASTANTHUS Miers. (In Eng. & Prantl, sub Boopis.) Stemless herb, with short, thick, i -headed scape. Leaves rosulate, thickish, dentate or pinnatifid. Pales of receptacle few, slender. Corollas slender at base. Achenes angulate-subulate, as in Boopis anthemoides, but crowned by the very obtuse calyx-lobes. i 1. N. CHUBUTENSIS Speg. Green, glabrous, fleshy perennial. Leaves subfasciculate at the crown of the root; erect, with oblanceolate or obovate limb, crenate, dentate, produced to a petiole 2-4 times as long. Scapes numerous, terete, slen- der, the marginal free and scarcely exceeding the leaves ; the central often shorter than the concrescent leaves. Heads globose, almost without pales, with a 5-y-leaved involucre ; lobes narrowly ovate or sublanceolate, acute, entire. Flowers numerous ; corollas funnel-filiform, 5-cleft ; stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla-tube. Achenes broadly pentagonal- winged ; calyx-lobes broad, obtuse. Chubut, in dry, rocky places near Carren-leofu. 2. N. PATAGONICUS Speg. Glabrous, rather small perennial. Leaves densely and imbricately rosulate at the crown of the root ; limbs broad-obovate, incised-dentate, teeth acute, often callously mucronate, attenuate to a longer petiole. Heads mostly dimorphous, a very large central head on a thick, naked scape, and nearly always several lateral, smaller, subsessile heads, with involucres 8— 2o-lobed ; the lobes ovate, acute, entire. Receptacle naked or scarcely fimbrilliferous. Flowers numerous, narrowly obconoid-cylin- draceous, greenish, 5-merous ; corolla-lobes long-acute ; stamina I insertion in the mouth. Style exsert, slender. Chubut, rarely in dry, stony places near Teka-choique. 764 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. FIG. 96. 4. ACICARPHA Juss. Usually branching annuals, with flowers dimorphotis in a head, the mar- ginal fertile, the central sterile. Involucral bracts connate below with the receptacle, free and leafy upwards. Receptacle long, with few or no pales. Filaments connate. Ac hems united and immersed in the receptacle, crowned by the hard, accrescent-spinescent calyx-lobes. Species 3, in extratrop. S. Amer. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 85.) i. A. ROSULATA N. E. Brown. Nearly stemless herb. Leaves many, densely rosulate, coriaceous, spatulate, 12 by 6 mm., entire or 3-toothed, obtuse, cuneate-narrowed to the petioles. Heads numerous, sessile in the axils of palmatisect bracts, densely crowded. Involucral bracts connate to a many-toothed cup. Stamens 5, the an- thers united. Ovary glabrous. Achenes ? Remarkable for its dwarf habit and rosu- late leaves. (Fig. 96.) S. Patagon., at Cerro Toro. (Nordensk- jold.) 2. A. TRIBULOIDES JUSS. Adcarpha.-Qn left a scape and head Glabrous, erect. Leaves oblong-cuneate, of A. rosuiata (original); h, leaf-shoot sinuate, dentate, obtuse, the lower spatu- and head, and fl, fr, flower and fruit of iate, the upper amplexicaul, with a broad A. spathulata (after Hock). , ... . . . base. Flower-heads terminal on the branches. Style long-exserted. (Bonaria) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. Family 113. COMPOSITE. Composite Family. Herbs or woody plants, with exstipulate, simple leaves (often much divided), and involucrate-heads of mostly 5-merous, sympetalous flowers, with synantherous, epipetalous stamens, and an inferior, i -celled, i-ovulate ovary, having a 2-branched style, and mostly crowned by a pappus con- sisting of bristles, awns, or scales, being the limb of the adnate calyx; pappus sometimes none. Common receptacle of the flower-head, flat or MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 765 variously convex, naked or with chaff between the flowers. Seeds with large, anatropous, erect embryo, and no endosperm. Species nearly 12,000, cosmopolitan. (Always secure open flower-heads and also ripe fruits. In the analyses, references to the style-branches in most cases concern only fertile flowers ; the style of sterile flowers being imperfectly developed.) PATAGONIAN COMPOSITE. I. ANALYSIS OF TRIBES. A. Flowers tubular, with or without a ray of ligulate flowers. Juice watery. B. Heads homogamous, all the flowers tubular. c. Anthers basally sagittate, dorsifixed. Flowers never yellow. (Genus i.) I. VEKNONIE/E, p. 766. C2. Anthers basally subentire, apically appendaged or not. Styles long, obtuse. Invo- lucral-scales oo -seriate, imbricate, only slightly unequal. Receptacle mostly naked. Pappus mostly setose. Corollas 4-5 -cleft, never true yellow. Leaves mostly op- posite. (Genera 2-4.) II. EUPATORIE^E, p. 766. CT,. Anthers long-tailed, and apically long appendaged. Styles short, obtuse. Involu- cral-scales oo -seriate, imbricate, and often spinescent. Receptacle with setae or with cleft pales. Pappus setose or narrowly paleaceous, mostly oo -seriate. Co- rollas all 5-merous. Leaves alternate, often spinose. (Genera 57-60.) X. CYNAROIDE.E, p. 771. B2. Heads heterogamous, radiate, or abortively homogamous and discoid. c. Anthers basi-obtuse, apically appendaged. • d. Receptacle mostly naked. e. Involucral scales imbricated. f. Style-branches flat. Pappus setaceous, rarely poleaceous or none. Leaves mostly alternate, rarely dissected. (Genera 5-21.) III. ASTERE.E, p. 766. /2. Style-branches truncate or hairy-tipped. Involucral scales i-2-seriate, mostly herbaceous, subequal, rarely 3 -seriate, with short outer scales. Pappus mostly paleaceous or awned. Leaves opposite or alternate. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile or neuter ; in ours not persisting on the fruit, rarely none. (Genera 42-47.) VI. HELENIOIDE.E, p. 769. e2. Involucral scales i-2-seriate, subequal, little imbricated, sometimes with a calyculus, rarely oo-seriate. Receptacle mostly naked. Styles pencilled, truncate or appendaged. Hermaphrodite flowers usually fertile. Pappus setose, rarely none. Leaves mostly alternate. Flowers, especially of ray, usually all fertile. (Genera 53-55.) VIII. SENECIONE^:, p. 770. d2. Receptacle with chaff subtending the flowers. Involucral-scales i-oo-seriate, mostly herbaceous. Style-branches truncate or appendaged. Pappus awn-like, or paleaceous, or none. Leaves, at least the lower, often opposite. Disk mostly yellow, and ray mostly homochromous. (Genera 33-41.) V. HELIANTHOIDE^E, p. 768. 766 PATAGONIAN EXPHDITIONS : BOTANY. atorium, p. 774. 62. Involucral scales 4, sometimes with short, outer scales. Heads 4-flowered. Mostly winding herbs or shrubs. 4. Willugbica (Afikania), p. 777. Tribe III. AstfrfOf. (Genera 5-21), p. 778. A. Heads usually with liinil.itc homochromous rays. d. Pappus of 2-8 deciduous awns or small scales. Ray-flowers female, ligulate, or none. 5. Gn'>i,fi-/itJ, p. 778. b2. Pappus mostly of scales (short and with a long awn, or long and narrow), or a short crown, or obsolete, llc.uls p.uu'clcd or corymbed or terminating the branches. In- volucre long-c.unp.inul.iU-, its scales membranous, not dry on edges, few seriate. 6, Gutiftrezia, p. 779. MACLOSKIE: COMI-OSIT/I-. 767 £3. Pappus of many simple setae. Hermaphrodite flowers fertile (save sometimes the inner- most). Receptacle without chaff. c. Pappus double, the outer of minute bristles or scales. Ray i -seriate. Achcnes com- pressed. Style appendages short and broad. Heads terminal on leafy branches. 7. llystcrionica, p. 781. c2. Pappus-bristles i -several-seriate, equal or unequal, but with no distinct outer row. d. Heads heterogamous. No pales on the receptacle. e. Heads solitary sessile on ends of densely leafy branches and rather small. Female corollas short ligulate. 8. Lepidophyllum, p. 782. 12. Heads in a compound infloresence or solitary on ends of the branches. /. Pappus-setae i-2-seriate, subequal. 10. Solidago, p. 784. /2. Pappus-setae i-j-seriate, unequal. Involucre several-seriate, hemispherical or broad-campanulate. Flowers yellow. n. Haplopappus, p. 785. d2. Heads homogamous. Style-appendages not turbinate. Corollas all actinomor- phic. Heads sessile on ends of dense, leafy branches. 9. Nardophyllutn, p. 783. 2. Receptacle paleaceous before all or at least the female flowers. Mostly woolly herbs, with entire or toothed leaves, and small, not ribbed, achenes. c. Chaff enclosing the female flowers, with corolla terminal on the achenes. Pappus none, at least in the female flowers. 24. Psilocarphus, p. 811. c2. Female flowers only i-2-seriate, enclosed in chaff. Pappus a toothed or jagged crown. 25. Micropsis, p. 811. A2. Female flowers ligulate. Style-branches obtuse. Receptacle without chaff. Disk-flowers sterile. Pappus none or a small ring. Stigmas marginal, apically coalescing. 32. Adenocaulon, p. 819. Tribe V. Helianthoidea. (Genera 33-41), p. 820. A. Receptacle chaffy throughout. b. Corolla of female flowers none or very small. Heads monoecious. MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 769 c. Involucral scales of hermaphrodite (male) heads connate, forming I series of spines or tubercles. 34. Ambrosia, p. 820. c2. Involucral scales of hermaphrodite (male) heads free. 35. Xanthium, p. 821. l>2. Corolla of female flowers none or normal. Heads hermaphrodite, homogamous or het- erogamous. Rays none, or withering, or deciduous before ripening of the fruit. c. Disk-flowers sterile. Achenes dorsally compressed, surrounded by an inner involucral scale, and by 2(~3) neighboring pales, which enclose the hermaphrodite flowers. Corolla very short. Head erect. Fruits naked or nearly so, their ribs united with the pales. 33. Parthenium, p. 820. cz. Disk-flowers fertile. Pappus of retrorsely rough bristles. d. Achenes not, or laterally, compressed. Inner involucral scales plane. e. Pales very small. Pappus none or 2 short awns. Marginal flowers small, more or less 2 -seriate. Ligules entire or 2-toothed. 36. Eclipta, p. 822. e2. Pales broad, arched or complicate, more or less enclosing the hermaphrodite flowers, but not the ripe achenes. /. Fruit of hermaphrodite flowers, thick, 4~5-angled, or somewhat dorsally compressed (of the marginal female flowers, often 3 -angled or dorsally compressed). Involucral scales exceeding 4, free, mostly subsimilar. Pappus-scales basally united or free, with or without 1—5 small awns. Achenes obscurely or obtusely 4-angled. Herbs or shrubs with opposite leaves. 37. Wedclia, p. 822. /2. Fruit of disk-flowers flat-compressed, with acute or winged angles, un- stalked. Heads many- (20 -f ) flowered. Pappus of 2 awns, with no intermediate scales. g. Ripe achenes not winged. Ray-flowers female or none. Receptacle conical. Herbs with opposite leaves and solitary erect heads. 38. Spilanthes, p. 823. g2. Ripe achenes winged from the base, not diverging from each other. Mostly herbs, with leaves often decurrent. 39. Verbesina, p. 823. d2. Achenes more or less laterally compressed. Inner involucral scales connate, at least halfway. Heads stalked or rarely numerous and sessile. Style-append- ages of the hermaphrodite flowers none or short. Achenes similar, or the marginal reduced. Smooth undershrubs ; lower leaves opposite. 40. Thelespenna, p. 824. A2. Receptacle centrally without chaff, with i-seriate pales subtending the outer hermaphrodite flowers. Achenes of female flowers laterally compressed (rarely no ray flowers). Herbs mostly with alternate, entire leaves. 41. Madia, p. 824. Tribe VI. Helenioidea. (Genera 42-47), p. 825. A. Plant without oil-glands. Hermaphrodite flowers fertile. Achenes not flat-compressed, or at least with lateral nerves. b. Receptacle flat or convex, rarely hemispherical. c. Pappus none. 770 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. d. Head 1-15 -flowered. Achenes long-linear, 8-io-ribbed. 42. Flavcria, p. 825. d2. Head many-flowered. Achenes linear and few-ribbed, prismatic or obpyramidal, triangular, the marginal sometimes winged. Rays ligulate. Involucral scales free. 43. Villanova, p. 825. c 2. Pappus of free scales, obtuse or acute or pointed. Involucral scales herbaceous, erect, not enclosing the marginal achenes. Female corollas ligulate or none. Style- branches of hermaphrodite flowers rounded or truncate. Achenes obpyramidal. 44. Actinella, p. 826. 62. Receptacle convex, with stiff setae between the flowers. Pappus of 5-10 hyaline scales, terminating in awns. 45. Gaillardia, p. 826. A2. Plants with large oil-glands in the leaves and involucres. Herbs. b. Pappus of 3-6 very unequal scales. Heads often discoid. 46. Tagetes, p. 827. bz. Pappus of 10 to many scales, often similar, or partly similar; Heads distinct ; female flowers none or ligulate. 47. Dysodia, p. 828. Tribe VII. Anthemidece. (Genera 48-52), p. 828. A, Receptacle chaffy. Disk flowers fertile ; achenes not woolly ; corolla not persisting. Style- branches truncate, not appendaged. Herbs, with leaves alternate, often much parted. b. Achenes not or only slightly compressed. Head heterogamous, or homogamous, and then with pappus none or i -sided, like an auricle. Corolla-tube compressed, winged, tubercled or spurred. Heads on terminal peduncles. 48. Antkemis, p. 828. l>2. Achenes much compressed, not winged. Pappus none. Heads mostly rather small and corymbed. 49. Aclnllea, p. 829. A2. Receptacle without chaff. Heads heterogamous, disciform. Corolla of female flowers tubular or none. Style-branches of hermaphrodite flowers penicillate, even when un- fruitful. b. Hermaphrodite flowers 4-merous. Involucre simple, its scales 1-2-, rarely 3-seriate, sub- equal. c. Head pediceled at end of the branches. 50. Cotula, p. 829. c2. Heads solitary, sessile, or in dense corymbs. Female flowers in i series. 51. Abrotanella, p. 831. b2. Hermaphrodite flowers 5-merous. Female flowers in i series. Involucral bracts few- seriate, scarious margined, the outer gradually smaller. Heads small, usually crowded but not corymbed. 52. Artemisia, p. 832. Tribe VIII. Senecionece. (Genera 53-55), p. 832. 1. Heads with female ray-flowers, whose corollas are tubular, or filiform, or irregularly 4-5- lobed. Leaves small, entire, closely compressed. Branches all leafy ; heads sessile in the upper leaves as an extra involucre. Proper involucre I— 2-seriate, with black-tipped scales. Achenes glabrous. Low, cespitose herb. 53. Melalema, p. 832. 2. Heads homogamous. Involucre 3-several-seriate. Pappus hairy. Achenes glabrous. Un- branched or slightly branched herbs, with radical and alternately cauline leaves. 54. Ciilcitium, p. 833. MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 771 3. Heads homogamous, or with ligulate (or rarly bilabiate), female ray-flowers. Pappus hairy (rarely of short scales). Involucre I-2-, rarely 3-seriate, its scale not overlapping and not appendaged ; the outer often as a calyculus. Receptacle flat. Achenes prismatic or cylindrical or ribbed. The hermaphrodite or all the flowers usually yellow. 55. Senecio,?. 833. Tribe IX. Calendulece. (Genus 56), p. 86 1. Small, prostrate herb. Heads small, axillary. Corolla and achenes woolly. 56. Eriachanium, p. 86 1. Tribe X. Cynaroidece. (Genera 57-60), p. 86 1. A, Fruit with basal attachment-scar, smooth, apically bordered. Receptacle setiferous. Fila- ments free, warty, hairy or plumose. Pappus of rough or plumose bristles. b. Receptacle not fleshy. Pappus bristles not plumose. Leaves and involucral scales usually spiniferous. c. Filaments distinct. 57. Carduus, p. 86 1. c2. Filaments united halfway. 58. Silybum, p. 861. bz. Receptacle fleshy. Pappus bristles plumose, inserted on an annulus. Heads large, soli- tary on ends of branches. Foliage often spinose-tipped. 59. Cynara, p. 862. A2. Fruit with lateral, oblique scar. Involucre of spinose leaves. Pappus simple, consisting of setae or scales or none. 60. Carthamus, p. 862. Tribe XI. Mutisiea. (Genera 61-79), P- 863. A. Corollas of the hermaphrodite flowers cyclic. Styles without distinct collecting hairs. Heads on the ends of the branches. b. Heads rayless. Receptacle naked or with short hairs. c. Pappus plumose. d. Corolla-tube hairy inside. Shrubs. 6 1. Chuquiraga, p. 863. d2. Corolla-tube smooth inside. Herbs. Heads rather large, sessile amid the leaves. 62. Doniophyton, p. 865. c2. Pappus of simple rough setae. Flowers all hermaphrodite. Leaves entire or nearly so. Achenes papillate or hairy, rather small. d. Style 2-toothed, afterwards more deeply parted, with long-approximate branches. Trees or shrubs, leaves not spinose, and heads usually several, sessile. Involu- cral scales pointed or pungent. 64. Gochnatia, p. 866. d2. Style 2-forked. Shrubs with solitary, sessile heads or shortly pedicled. Leaves small, entire. Involucral scales very obtuse. 66. Cyclolepis, p. 867. ^•3. Pappus of 10 pales. Style-branches short. Heads sessile, solitary. 63. Dusenia, p. 866. b2. Heads with bilabiate or ligulate rays, homogamous. Corollas of disk-flowers with revo- lute lobes. Involucral scales without dry margin. Anther-tails (often long and thick) ciliated. Pappus setas several-seriate. Shrubs with crowded, entire leaves. 67. Plazia, p. 868. A2. Corollas of the hermaphrodite flowers bilabiate. b. Collecting hairs of their styles none or not in a terminal circle. Anthers tailed. Upper- lip of corolla i-2-merous ; under-lip 4-3-merous. ( 772 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS '. BOTANY. c. Stem leafy ; with many flower-heads. Shrubs. d. Heads few-flowered (3-5), homogamous, terminal or along branches. Pappus- setae several-seriate. Sometimes spinescent. 68. Proustia, p. 868. d2. Heads mid-sized, 2O-3O-flowered, terminal, sessile. Involucre campanulate. Pappus-setae I -seriate. Achenes ribbed, tubercled. Cespitose, with linear ' leaves. 65. Lavidia, p. 867. d. Heads many-flowered, heterogamous. Marginal flowers radiate. e. Pappus-setae plumose, I -seriate. Involucre ovoid-campanulate or oblong, its inner scales shorter than the rays. 69. Mutisia, p. 869. e2. Pappus-setae rough, not plumose, several-seriate. Involucre campanulate. Heads terminal on the branches, pediceled. 70. Brachydados, p. 872. cz. Stem unbranched, bearing I flower-head. Herbs mostly with basal leaves. d. Heads radiate, heterogamous, rarely homogamous. Pappus-setae not plumose. e. Marginal flowers I -seriate, with many-nerved corolla. 71. Tricliocline , p. 873. £2. Marginal flowers 2-3-seriate, ligulate, with no under lip. 72. Chaptalia, p. 874. d2. Heads with flowers all similar, homogamous. Pappus-setae long-plumose. 73. Macrachanium, p. 874. b2. Collecting hairs of the styles of the hermaphrodite flowers forming a terminal circle. (NASSAUVIN.E). c. Heads 4-5-flowered, sessile, united into a globular or ovoid glomerulus or a leafy spike ; rarely solitary and sessile between the leaves. Leaves close, mostly up to the inflorescence, sometimes less. Flowers yellow or whitish. d. Pappus present. 74. Nassauvia, p. 875. d2. As Nassauvia, herbs, heads mostly in terminal glomerules, inner involucral scales erect. 75. Triptilion, p. 885. 4. Leaves incised-pinnatifid. Heads glomerate on opposite branches, or solitary, 6-7- flowered. patens. A2. Leaves subhastate, serrate, sessile, alternate and opposite, scabrous-hairy. Corymbs dense. subhastatum. A^. Leaves oblong to subovate. b. Densely pubescent, oblong or oval, incised, attenuate-petiolate. Stems nearly leafless above. bacleanum. b2. Leaves rough, subovate, acuminate, 3-nerved, serrate to crenate. Head large. Achenes shining. macrocephalum. b$. Hairy-tomentose. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, toothed, petiolate. Panicles few* headed. Achenes hirsute. patagonicum. I. EUPATORIUM BACLEANUM DC. Suffruticose, with short, dense pubescence; and terete stems nearly leafless at the top. Leaves opposite, some alternate, narrowing-petiolate, oblong or oval, toothed or incised. Panicles subcorymbose, with alternate branches. Heads pediceled, 1 6-2o-flowered. Involucre-bracts 2-3-seriate, lax-imbricate, linear-oblong, obtuse, their apex membranaceous, subciliate. Pappus sordid. Achenes angled, villous. (S. Brazil) ; N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. 2. EU. ERODIIFOLIUM DC. Herbaceous (?). Stem erect, terete, leafy and hispid below, naked and hairy above. Leaves opposite, hispid on the back and margin, long- attenuate to a petiole, pinnately parted upwards, with pinnatifid lobes, the lobules oblong-linear, subacute. Corymbs terminal, crowded, with alter- nate branches. Heads pediceled, 1 8-2O-flowered. Involucre-bracts 2- seriate, a few on the outside small, acute, the inner ones oblong, basi- striate, apically submembranaceous, obtuse, puberous. (S. Brazil) ; N. Patagon. Like E. bacleanum, except the hispid stem and leaves. " Menueke " (Araucanian) ; its decoction is used as a sudorific. 776 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. 3. EUPATORIUM MACROCEPHALUM Less. (Chromolezna pratensis Card.) Erect herb, with subovate, acuminate, 3-nerved, rough leaves, remotely serrate, crenate upwards, and rather large head (12 mm. deep and broad) with 3-seriate involucre, its scales subequal, acuminate, outside rough. Corolla-tube and limb not sharply limited. Pappus plumose-serrate. Achenes shining. (Brazil ; Argent.) ; N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. " Differs from Eupa- torium by having the achene attenuate baseward to a stipe, and the stipe dilated at its base to a ring; also by its cynaroid habit. (Griseb.) 4. Eu. PATAGONICUM Klatt. Stem terete. Branches, petioles and peduncles pubescent-tomentose. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, remotely toothed, with soft, rusty pubescence on both surfaces. Panicles few-headed ; their branches remote, opposite, about 2-3-headed, the heads 6 by 4 mm., pediceled, bracteate, oblong, 9-flowered. Involucral scales imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 5-ribbed. Achenes striate, hirsute. Patagon., at d'Orbigny. 5. Eu. PATENS Hook. & Arn., 1835. (Mikania temiiflora Gris., 1879.) Suffruticose, much branching. Peduncles and younger branches pubes- cent. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, rather 3-nerved, incise-pinnatifid. Heads glomerate on short, opposite, spreading, leafy branches. Involucre oblong, its scales few-seriate, obtuse, substriate. (Brazil.) EU. PATENS GRACILIUS (Lor.). Slender shrub, nearly 2 m. high, supported by other shrubs. Leaves smaller than in the type, not membranaceous, rough. Heads axillary, soli- tary on the petioles, or rarely crowded towards the apex, short, pale yel- low, 6-7-flowered, or ochroleucous, very fragrant. N. Patagon, by Rio Negro. 6. Eu. PINNATIFIDUM Ell. (E. virgatum Don.) Leaves mainly opposite or in 4*5; the lower twice or thrice pinnati- partite, with oblong or lanceolate segments ; the upper once or twice pinnate, with linear lobes. Heads small, paniculate, 5-9-flowered. In- MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 777 vohtcre cylindrical, its scales obtuse, mucronate, imbricate, lax, shorter outwards. (Eastern U. S.) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 7. EUPATORIUM SAUCECHICOENSE Hier. Fruticulose, ascending, 35-50 cm. high, and branching, sulcate-striate and leafy to the panicle. Leaves alternate or subopposite, sessile; the upper linear-entire, spinulose, 20 mm. by 7 mm., the lower once or nearly twice pinnatifid, outline triangular to semicircular, segments 1-3 pairs, linear. Racemes subsecund, panicled. Heads on 2-3 mm. pedicels, nod- ding, 5-6-flowered. Involucre campanulate, 5 mm. long, with 12 scales in 3-4 series ; inner scales acute, rufous upwards ; smaller outwards ; all scarious, gland-ciliate. Papptis-setce 50. Achenes rough, 5-angled. (From Bahia Blanca northwards) ; N. Patagon., rare, high up by the Rio Negro. Fragrant ; flowers pale lilac to pink. 8. Eu. SUBHASTATUM Hook. & Arn., 1835. (E. bartsicefolium DC., 1836.) Pubescent-scabrous. Leaves alternate and opposite, mostly erect, sub- hastate-lanceolate, and ovate, shortly acuminate, coarsely serrate, sessile below, very rugose and tomentose. Corymbs dense, in a many-flowered glomerule. Involucre short-cylindrical ; its scales ovate, obtuse, striate, with erect, pubescent apex. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon. (near- Rio Negro). 4. WILLUGB^A Neck. (1790). (MikantaW., 1804.) Twining herbs (rarely in the tropics, erect shrubs), with opposite, pet- ioled leaves and discoid, whitish, 4-flowered heads. Involucre oblong, of 4 subequal, narrow scales. Corolla slender, regular. Antliers apically appendaged, basiobtuse. Style-branches long, acutish. Pappus copious, i— 2-seriate, capillary, rather rough. Achenes truncate, 5-angled. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 139, B.) Species 150, Amer. i. W. SCANDENS (L.) Ktze. Climbing Hempweed. Subglabrous, twining over bushes, 2 meters long. Leaves ovate to hastate, basicordate, acuminate. Heads in compound clusters, ending the branches, white to pink, 6 mm. long. 778 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. (N. Amer. and W. I.) ; N. Patagon., along Rio Negro ("a form with del- toid and obtusely toothed leaves, pubescent above, scabrid below." Speg.). 5. GRINDELIA Willd. Perennial herbs or undershrubs, with alternate, sessile or amplexicaul leaves, usually spinulose-dentate and glutinous above ; and large, heter- ogamous, radiate heads of yellow flowers terminating the branches. An- thers basi-obtuse. Style-branches flat, appendaged. Pappus of 2-8 awns or bristles, deciduous. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite or male ; ray-flowers female, sometimes obsolete, the heads being then discoid and homogamous. Species 25; some in W. N. Amer., as "gum-plants"; many in South Brazil, Chili, etc. I. G. BRACHYSTEPHANA Griseb. Suffruticose, multicauline, all puberulous, the branches i -headed. Leaves sessile, lanceolate-acuminate, remotely spinulose serrate (or entire), basi- attenuate, spinescent-tipped. Involucre hemispherical, its scales appressed, scarious, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, with a linear-acuminate, squarrose, leafy appendage. Ray half as long again as the involucre. Pappus of 2-3 setas. N. Patagon.; Chubut; S. Patagon., by Rio Chico. 2. G. BRACHYSTEPHANA BERGI Hier. Climbing. Lower leaves narrowed to a petiole as long as the lamina. Pinnae pinnatifid, spinulose-serrate ; upper semiamplexicaul, linear-lanceo- late or subcuneate, spinulose-serrate ; uppermost entire. Varying greatly. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 3. G. DIFFUSA D. Don (non Hook & Arn.). Stem with woody base, diffuse, the branches terete, glabrous. Leaves sessile, subamplexicaul, oblong, deeply serrate, with awned points, gla- brous. Heads solitary, terminal on the branches, briefly exsert above the upper leaves. Involucre-scales lance-linear, appressed. Pappus-setce few, caducous. N. Patagon. ; S. Patagon., at Puerto Deseado. MACLOSKIE — COMPOSnVE. 779 4. GRINDELIA DISCOIDEA Hook. & Arn. Glutinous undershrub; with oblong-linear, mucronate, spinulose, den- tate leaves. Involucre hemispherical, squarrose, its external scales linear from an appressed base, recurved. Ray none. (Montevideo), Patagon. (?). " Perhaps a var. of G. diffusa (in Puerto Deseado) which has a ray twice the involucre in height." 5. G. PULCHELLA Dunal. Erect, glabrous undershrub, glutinous upwards, with terete branches, and leaves cauline, sessile, oblong, acute, here and there sharply toothed. Heads 2-3, proximally bracted. Involucre glutinous, its scales lanceolate, acute, appressed. Pappus 3-awned. (Chili) ; N. Patagon. 6. G. SPECIOSA Lindl. & Paxt. Short shrub, 1—1.5 meter high, densely branching, sometimes viscid. Leaves varying in size, incised or toothed, obtuse or acute, attenuate- petiolate or cuneate, subsessile. Flowering pedicels long and leafy or otherwise. Patagon., by Rio Negro, and Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz. G. SPECIOSA INTEGRIFOLIA Speg. Leaves oblanceolate, acute, attenuate-petiolate, entire. Patagon., Golfo de San Jorge. 6. GUTIERREZIA Lag. (Brachyris DC.) Erect herbs or shrubs, branching upwards, or short and cespitose, with radiate, heterogamous, rather small, yellow heads, solitary on ends of branches, or panicled, or corymbed. Ray-flowers few, female; disk- flowers hermaphrodite, fertile or sterile. Involucre narrow-campanulate, its scales few-seriate, imbricate, coriaceous, smaller outwards. Anthers basi-obtuse. Styles flat, narrow, appendaged. Pappus, of many pales, varying, often cleft, or a mere crown. Achenes scarcely compressed, many-costate, puberulous or silky. Species 20, from Western U. S. to Mexico, and extratrop. S. Amer. 780 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. I. GUTIERREZIA AMEGHINOI Speg. Suffruticose, low (5-10 cm.), the branches short, ascending, densely leafy. Leaves linear-obtuse, oblanceolate, briefly cuneate-acute at apex, basally attenuate, glabrous, densely glandular-punctate. Heads solitary, terminal on leafless branches, corymbed. Ligules 4-8 ; tubular flowers 6-8. S. Patagon., by Rio Deseado; Magellan; Chubut, Cabo Raso. These have caudex woody, branches always herbaceous. (Speg.) 2. G. BACCHAROIDES Sch. Bip. Low, cespitose, glabrous, viscous shrub. Leaves crowded at the apex of the stems, obovate-oblong, entire or ciliate, attenuate-petiolate. Heads solitary, sessile amid the uppermost leaves. Involucre scales ovate- oblong. Ray-flowers 5; disk-flowers 19. Pappus-pales 10. Achenes hoary, hirtellate. S. Patagon., by Rio Deseado; Magellan, by Oazy Harbor; Fuegia, at Punta Anegada. 3. G. BRACK YRIS (Brachyris paniculata DC., non Gutierezia Paniculate Gray). Stem suffruticose, paniculately branching, rather terete. Leaves linear, acute, punctate, plane, thickish. Heads oblong, paniculate. Ray-flowers 5, slightly exceeding the involucre ; disk-flowers 5-6. S. Brazil. G. BRACHYRIS PATAGONICA (Speg.). Somewhat glandular-viscous. Leaves oblanceolate, subpectinately cilio- late, long-attenuate and forming a periclad ; upper leaves narrower and smaller. Flowers yellow, 15-22 in the head. Patagon., Chubut, in sterile hills. (Subgenus Brachyris, by Nuttall as a genus. Hermaphrodite flowers all usually fertile ; pappus of females and hermaphrodites similar, or of the female shorter.) 4. G. CUPRESSIFORMIS Sch. Bip. Like Baccharis, but most beautiful, from its small, imbricating, spirally arranged, 4-ranked leaves. Heads 8-flowered; outer flowers ligulate, female, having asteroid styles with glabrous branches. Inner flowers MACLOSKIE : COMPOSIT/E. 78 1 hermaphrodite, tubular, 5-toothed. Anthers tailless. Achenes oblong, glandulous. Pales, of many-seriate pappus, lance-linear, serrulate. Magellan, at Oazy Harbor, in mountainous parts. 5- GUTIERREZIA GILLIESII Gris. Leaves linear, thick, membranous, green, glabrous, or minutely punctu- late and viscous. Lower leaves larger, 3-nerved ; upper leaves fascicled on the branches, linear-subulate, I -nerved. Flowers milky, 10 in ray, 12 in disk. PappHS-pales 12-14. Achenes 8-sulcate, villous. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 6. G. HOFFMANNII O. Ktze. Low, cespitose, pigmy shrub, branching much, branches crowded, 4-8 cm. high, densely leafy. Leaves sessile, attenuate, deciduous, their imbri- cating bases persisting. Upper leaves i cm. by 3-4 mm., glabrous, punc- tate-viscous, rosulate at the apex of branches. Peduncle terminal, i- headed, with 1-3 small bracts. //. Hoary. Radical leaves broad, rounded above. Ligules lilac, not long. Achenes puberulous. rtmyanus. £•4. Hirsute. d. Stem erect, rather tall, Leaves linear. Flowers purplish, peduncle strict. myosotis. d2. Leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous (except the nerves, etc.), attenuate both ways. Stem hirsute. Ligules as long as the disk. Achenes pilosulous. bonariensis. d^. As d2, but stem smoothish, involucre shorter. Achenes ribbed at margins. bonariensis-glabratus. 8. Glabrous, branching annual. Leaves linear-subulate. Heads subcorymbose. subulata. bg. Inflorescence paniculate. Involucre woolly, lax. artemisioidcs. b\Q. Inflorescence umbelliform. Leaves obovate-cuneate, toothed. Hmbelliformis. bi\. Imperfectly known. c. Heads subsessile, spicate, leafy, terminating the branches. rufescens. c2. Leaves opposite, lanceolate. urvilleana. i. BACCHARIS ARTEMISIOIDES Hook. & Arn. Habit of Artemisia absinthium, from a racemiform panicle and woolly involucre. Involucral scales lax, rather broad. Heads androgynous, 4 mm. diam. Argentina; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 2. B. BRYOIDES PerS. Branching, prostrate undershrub ; with crowded, erect branchlets. Leaves very small, crowded, linear, hoary beneath. Heads 6-8-flowered, terminal, solitary, sessile. Involucre cylindrical, its scales oblong. "Magellan Strait or Patagonian shore" (Commerson). "Genus doubt- ful" (DC. Prodr.). MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 803 3. BACCHARIS CHUBUTENSIS Speg. Stem leafy, glabrous, with erect, subsimple branches, having 3 broad, remotely interrupted wings. Leaves sessile, elliptical or ovate. Heads mostly apical, rather large, few-glomerulate on the central branchlet. Involucral scales acute. Achenes 6-costate, minutely and closely papillate. Rootstock woody, thick, nodose ; branches 20-50 cm. tall. Patagon., Chubut, in swampy mountain meadows. 4. B. CONFERTA H. B. & K. Glabrous, branching plants, subviscous at the apex ; branchlets decurrent, angular. Leaves sessile, obovate-oblong, 10-14 mm., acute, basi-cuneate, a tooth on each side near apex, nearly veinless. Female heads terminal, crowded, subsessile. Invohicral scales lanceolate, the inner ones acumi- nate, at length squarrose. Achenes striate, glabrous. (Mexico) ; Falklands. 5- B. CONFERTIFOLIA Colla. Shrub, from puberulous becoming glabrous, slightly viscid. Branchlets terete. Leaves linear, elongate, attenuate-petiolate, acute, coarsely toothed- serrate to entire, 3-nerved. Heads many on ends of the branches. In- volucres ovate, their scales lanceolate, scarious, stramineous, glabrous ; of the male oval-oblong, obtuse ; of the female acute. (Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi. (B. cuneifolia Lam. sub B. magellamca.} (B. cylindrica DC. sub B. genistelloides.} 6. B. DARWINII Hook. & Arn. Suffruticose, erect, puberulous ; branches angulate-striate. Leaves remote, linear, canaliculate, subcarnose, obscurely i -nerved, entire, end- ing in a hair or a soft mucro. Head solitary, terminal on subcorymbose branchlets. Involucre hemispherical, its scales obsoletely i -nerved, lanceolate, acuminate, the margins broadly scarious, entire. Patagon., by Rio Negro; Golfo de San Jorge; Rio Sta. Cruz and Rio Chico; Puerto Madryn (Dusen). "The South Patagonian specimens are prostrate, leaves broader; those from Rio Negro are tall (50-80 cm.), erect, patent-ramose, with leaves more remote and smaller." 804 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. 7. BACCHARIS DENTICULATA DC. Glabrous, branching shrub, with subangulate branches. Leaves linear, 7 by 2 mm., basiattenuate, acutely and coarsely 2-3-toothed at apex, coriaceous. Heads crowded at ends of the branches, oblong, glabrous. Involucral scales acuminate. Pappus slightly exceeding the involucre. Achenes glabrous. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon. 8. B. DUSENII O. Hoffmann. Low, branching undershrub, 7 cm. high. Branches with leaf-scars below, leafy above. Leaves sessile, oblong, 10 by 3 mm., 3-nerved, the lateral nerves faint, sinuate-dentate, the teeth ending in white setae. Male heads small, soli- tary on ends of the branches, short-pediceled. Involucre- scales 3-seriate, i -nerved, their margin hyaline, fimbril- late. Female heads? (Fig- 99-) S. Patagon., by Puerto Madryn. (Dusen.) Baccharis dusenii. — Branch with flower- R FLABELLATA HOok. & Am. head; also (magnified) leaf and invoiucrai Fruticose, erect, glabrous ; branches angulate, the scale. (After o. Hoff- younger viscid. Leaves fan-shaped, coriaceous, coarsely angulate-toothed, obscurely 3-nerved, obsoletely pitted, attenuate-petiolate. Heads sessile, axillary, crowded ; involucre ovoid, its scales ovate, i -nerved, the inner longer. (Brazil, Prov. of St. Louis) ; N. Patagon., by confluence of Rio Limay and Rio Neuquen. 10. B. GENISTELLOIDES (Pers.) Lam. Undershrubs, 3-winged. Wings plane, nerveless, short or often inter- rupted. Leaves very small, reduced to subternate, acutish scales. Heads few (1-2), interruptedly spicate. Involucre turbinate, its scales all acumi- nate. Rachis naked. Achenes glabrous, cylindraceous, sulcate. (Peru.) P. GENISTELLOIDES CYLINDRICA (DC.) Bkr. Herbaceous, 3-winged. Leaflets reduced to mere scales. Heads spicate-glomerate ; the male involucre campanulate; the female oblong- cylindrical ; the scales acute. Achenes glabrous. (Brazil; Argentina); N. Patagon., high plains along Rio Negro. MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITVE. 805 ii. BACCHARIS GENISTIFOLIA DC. Glabrous, branching shrub, with striate branchlets. Leaves few, distant, sessile, linear, 10 by i mm., obtuse, entire, nearly nerveless. The male- heads 3-5, sessile, terminating the branches, spicate-crowded, bractless. Involucre obovate, its scales ovate, acute, membranaceous-margined. Habit of Genista tinctoria. Female plant? (Brazil; Chili; Argentina); S. Patagon., by Rio Chico. 12. B. GILLIESII A. Gray. Low, glabrous, from a woody base, much branching. Branches slender, striate-angled, leafy. Leaves sessile, linear-attenuate, or 2-4-toothed, i- nerved ; those of the branches small. Heads solitary, terminal. Involucre campanulate, the scales obtuse, scarious-margined, woolly-tipped. Pappus thrice as long as the involucre. Achenes glabrous. (Argentina); sandhills at the mouth of Rio Colorado, near the sea; and through N. Patagon. Van with leaves rather long and deeply toothed. Same distribution. 13. B. JUNCEA Desf. Subglaucous, glabrous herb, perennial. Stems from the collum many, terete, rush-like. Leaves sessile, linear, almost nerveless, entire or minutely toothed, distant. Heads terminal, solitary or few-corymbose, pediceled. Involucre hemispherical, its scales lanceolate, rigid, acute, inner ones linear and smaller. Ac hems glabrous, 5-io-costate. Papptts copious, many-seriate. (Brazil); Patagon., by Rios Negro and Sta. Cruz; Port Rawson. By J. B. Hatcher at Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz, March, 1897, female (determined by O. Hoffmann, who writes, "De Condolle writes 'folia integerrima.' They are not always so. Also Baker says in the Flora Brasil., 'folia interdum minute dentata.' We have collected examples like yours from Sello.") The Hatcher specimen has the leaves remotely serrate. Plant nearly a meter high, heads corymbed, outer involucre scales nearly ovate, all chestnut colored, with whitish margins. Achenes long, ovoid, com- pressed, lo-striate, rounded at top where the fine, silky, abundant pappus is inserted ; pappus more than twice as long as the involucre. 8o6 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY. 14. BACCHARIS MAGELLANICA Pers. (including B. cuneifolia Lam.). Low undershrub, glabrous-viscous, with angled branches. Leaves ses- sile, crowded, coriaceous, evergreen, obovate-cuneate, obtuse, semientire, with some obscurely 3-toothed. Heads solitary, sessile on ends of the branches. Involucre ovate, its scales ciliate-fimbriate. Achenes glabrous, striate. Magellan ; Fuegia passim, abundant at Ushuaia ; Falklands ; Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; at Puerto Deseado ; by Hatcher at head of Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz, Feb. 9, 1897, tne male plant. N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi. (See note to B. patagonica.'] 15. B. MELANOPOTAMICA Speg. Small, glabrous undershrub, with slender, sulcate, i -headed branches. Leaves alternate, lanceolate or spatulate-linear, sessile, pectinately spinu- lose-toothed. Heads subcorymbose. Involucral scales 4~5-seriate, lan- ceolate, acute, their margin pallid. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon., high places along Rio Negro ; on Rio Grande (Dusen, Jan., 1896). 16. B. MICROPHYLLA Kunth. (non DC). Branching, glabrous shrub, slightly viscid, with angulate branches. Leaves subsessile, cuneate, apically tridentate, coriaceous, I -nerved. Female heads axillary, shortly pediceled. Invohicral scales subsquarrose. acutish. (Peru) ; N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. (B. montevidensis is l^ernonia nitiditla Less., fide DC. Prodr., v, 29 ; and Index Kewensis.} 17. B. NANA D. Don. Glabrous, dwarf undershrub, 15—30 cm. high; much branching; the branches slender, wingless, sulcate. Leaves small, sessile, linear, plane, i -nerved, entire or nearly so. Heads many-(3O-)flowered, solitary on ends of branches. Involucre campanulate, its scales few-seriate, rigid, caducous, the inner ones acute. Pappus whitish. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon. 1 8. B. PATAGONICA Hook. & Arn. Glabrous shrub, with angulate branches, the younger ones viscid. Leaves sessile, ovate-cuneate, i -nerved, thick, punctate-rugose, 3— 7-toothed MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 807 above. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, axillary, solitary or in pairs, bracteate, i-headed. Involucre of both sexes campanulate, its outer scales oval, nerveless ; the inner oblong, green-nerved ; all obscurely fimbriate. Patagon., most characteristic; Fuegia passim; E. and W. Magellan; in shubberies of N. Patagon. ; southward chiefly as a steppe-plant. "Plant much larger than B. magellanica Pers., not viscid. Leaves sinuate-lobate towards the summit, opaque, and often turning black in drying; otherwise very near B. magellanica." (J. D. Hooker.) Alboff states that the characters of B, magellanica at Ushuaia and Navarin are so intermediate between those of these two species as to suggest that they are all only one species. In this and in B. magellanica the stomata are functionless because of the thickening of their enclosing cells. (Dusen.) 19. BACCHARIS PINGR/EA DC. Stem suffruticose, branching, laxly leafy. Leaves linear to linear-lance- olate, entire or serrate, acuminate, punctulate, as are the branches. Corymbs lax, many-headed. Involucre ovate-subglobose ; its scales in the males oblong-lanceolate, mucronate ; in the females the innner acumi- nate. Achenes glabrous. (California to Chili and Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro and Rio Chubut. B. PINGR^EA ANGUSTISSIMA DC. Leaves very narrow-linear, entire or rarely denticulate. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 20. B. PINNATIFIDA Klatt. Stem branching freely from the base ; branches erect, striate, very leafy, glabrous. Leaves sessile, decurrent, pinnatifid, their segments narrow- linear, mucronulate. Heads terminal, subcorymbose. Involucre cam- panulate, its scales lanceolate, acute, subreflexed, membranaceous-mar- gined, nerve green. Patagon. 21. B. PLATENSIS Spreng. Glabrous, viscous shrub. Branches opposite, the younger striate- angulate. Leaves opposite, oblong-cuneate, apically dentate, coriaceous ; the inferior obovate-oblong, mid-ones oblong, upper linear, subentire. Heads sessile, glomerate, interruptedly spicate on the branches and 808 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY. branchlets. Involucre ovate, its scales oval, subacute, as long as the pappus. Lower leaves 5 cm. by 1 2 mm. ; the broader leaves are 3-nerved, the narrower i -nerved. (S. Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 22. BACCHARIS ROSMARINIFOLIA Hook. & Arn. Branching shrub, densely leafy. Leaves linear, rather obtuse, thick- coriaceous, entire, margin revolute, with the branchlets resinous-glandular. Corymbs terminal, densely few-headed. Involucre oval, its scales elliptic- oblong, the outer ones obtuse, the inner subacute. Achenes glabrous. (Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi. 23. B. RUFESCENS Spreng. (B. baldwini Hook. & Arn.) Heads subsessile, glomerate, spicate, leafy, terminating the branches. Leaves cuneate-linear, 3-1 -toothed above the middle, rarely entire, 12- 25 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad. Heads androgynous, ovate-oblong; females subcylindric ; in both sexes 6 mm. long ; (allied to B. paucidentata DC, hemispheric and smaller). (Brazil; Argent.) ; Patagon., by Rio Negro. 24. B. SAGITTALIS DC. (Less.). Fruticulose ; "^-winged, the wings plane, remotely interrupted. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, 14-18 mm. long, shorter than the internodes. Heads in a continuous or interrupted, terminal spike. Involucre cam- panulate-ovate, its scales obtuse in the male, in the female acute, the innermost acuminate. Achenes glabrous. (Chili) ; W. Patagon. ; Chubut, by Teka-choique. 25. B. SALICIFOLIA Pers. Shrub, over 2 meters tall, with spongy wood. Branches not winged. Leaves lanceolate-linear, serrate, 3-nerved, resinous. Corymbs terminal. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro to Rio Chubut, and in valley of Rio Col- orado ; widely spread over temperate S. Amer. The wood is used by the Indians to strike fire by friction. MACLOSKIE: COMPOSIT/E. 809 26. BACCHARIS SERRULATA Pers. Leaves subglabrous, ovate-lanceolate, with a broader base, 3-nerved, acutely serrulate, petiolate. Corymb branching, terminal. Stem firm, 30- 90 cm. high. Pappus rufescent. (Brazil) ; Patagon. 27. B. SUBULATA D. Don. Glabrous annuals, with terete, smooth or striate stem and branches 15- 60 cm. long. Leaves erect, subcarnose, alternate, remote, linear-subulate, acute, nerveless, entire or serrate, canaliculate in time of drought. Heads solitary, terminal, subcorymbose. Involucre campanulate-hemispherical, its scales purple-colored, all ovate, acuminate, narrowly scarious-margined. (Buenos Ayres) ; N. to S. Patagon. Two varieties, one with entire leaves and involucral scales, the other with serrate leaves and erose scales. (B. tenella, sub Heterotkalamus.} 28. B. TRIMERA DC. Undershrub, branches with 3 wings, which are interrupted at places. Leaves reduced to mere acute scales. Heads glomerate, in interrupted spikes. Achenes oblong, glabrous. Involucral scales of the male heads obtuse or acute, of the female acuminate ; outer scales all acute. (S. Brazil.) B. TRIMERA VISCOSISSIMA Speg. Low, lax-cespitose. Branches slender, 3-costate, subalate. Leaves crowded and longer upwards, obtuse, linear (5 by i mm. above). Plant viscous. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 29. B. ULICINA Hook. & Arn. Branching shrub, the branches erect, striate, glabrous. Leaves narrow, 1-1.5 mm- broad, subulate, finely mucronate, entire and often pinnatifid. Heads solitary, terminal on the short, often corymbose branches. Invo- lucre subcampanulate, its scales linear-subulate, with a green nerve. N. Patagon., common along Rio Negro; also in Bolivia, Argentina, etc., "paste" and "yerba de los ovejas"; cespitose and very green, and valuable for feeding sheep. 8 10 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS'. BOTANY. BACCHARIS ULICINA HUMILIS. On bare parts of the pampas. B. ULICINA MULTIFIDA (Gris.) O. Ktze.; see supra, p. 797, Vittadinia multifida Gris. 30. B. UMBELLIFORMIS DC. Glabrous shrub. Leaves obovate, obtuse, cuneate, sessile, plane, toothed, i -nerved, not punctate. Heads pediceled, umbellate at the ends of the branches. Scales of the male, campanulate involucre scarious at the margin, densely ciliate. (Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi. 31. B. URVILLEANA Brongn. Shrub, with lanceolate, opposite! leaves. ("Description not yet pub- lished," DC. Prodr., vii, p. 282, 1838; nor yet 1905. Fig. in t. 61, Brongn. Bot. Voy. Coq. See Plate XXXI at the end of this volume.) Magellan. 22. PLUCHEA Cass. Herbs (or sometimes in the tropics shrubs), with alternate, dentate leaves and small heads of tubular /lowers in terminal, corymbose cymes. Involucre narrow or broad, its scales appressed, several-seriate, imbricate, green. Receptacle naked. Outer-flowers 3-cleft, pistillate ; inner 5-cleft, perfect or sterile. Anthers basisagittate, tailed. Pappus i -seriate, sca- brous-bristly. Achenes angulate. (Fig. in Eng. and Prantl, iv, 5, p. 176, C-G.) Species 30, widespread in warm and temperate regions. P. QUITOC DC. Annual. Leaves sessile, very decurrent, oblong or lanceolate, callous- denticulate. Corymb compound, subfastigiate. Involucral scales lanceo- late, subacute. A sweet, aromatic herb. (Central and S. Brazil, in swamps); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 23. TESSARIA Ruiz & Pav. (Pleuropappus Nutt, non Less.) Shrubs resembling Pluchea, hoary or silky, but with involucral scales scarious, the inner long and bent outwards. Perfect flowers less numer- ous (i-io). Species 4, California to N. Patagon. MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 811 TESSARIA ABSINTHIOIDES DC. Branches and leaves appressed, hoary-silky. Leaves lanceolate, acu- minate both ways, entire or sometimes with coarse, sharp teeth, here and there incised ; underneath nervose-reticulate. Involucre-scales glabrous, acute. Disk y-S-flowered. (Chili, by rivers ) ; N. Patagon., rare at Carmen de Patagones on Rio Negro. 24. PSILOCARPHUS Nutt. Small, tomentose, annual herbs, with alternate, entire leaves. Heads small, subglobose, terminal or axillary ; disciform, heterogamous, the disk- flowers sterile. Pappus none. Achenes oblong, not ribbed. Species 3, California to Patagon. P. GLOBULIFERUS (Bert. sub. Micropus] Speg. Snowy-tomentose. Stems branching from the base, diffuse. Leaves oblong-linear, the floral broader, obtuse. Heads terminal and lateral. Involucral scales plane, unarmed, obtuse. Chaff on receptacle ovate, compressed, tomentose about the achenes, making a hoary globe. S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. 25. MICROPSIS DC. Small, woolly annuals, with alternate, entire leaves and small heads in glomerules at the ends of the branches or crowded in the axils. Heads disciform, heterogamous. Involucre shorter than the receptacular chaff, with few, woolly, hyaline scales. Receptacle cylindraceous, chaffy. Cor- ollas filiform in the margin, tubular inwards. Anthers subcaudate ; style- branches obtuse. Pappus none, or fugacious. Achenes small. Species 5, Eurasia and N. Amer. and the following : M. NANA DC. Stems numerous, not 3 cm. long. Leaves obovate, obtusely mucronate, appressed-villous, crowded upwards, or as if whorled in the axils. (Chili) ; N. Patagon., on grassy turf by Rio Negro. 26. CHEVREULIA Cass. Dwarf, cespitose or slender herbs, with opposite or rosulate, entire leaves, hoary underneath at least ; and mediocre or small, disciform, heteroga- 8l2 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. mous heads, some sessile, others peduncled. Involucre-scales few-seriate, imbricate, scarious, shorter outwards. Repectacle naked. Anthers basi- sagittate, with slender tails. Styles in disk, with slender, truncate branches. Pappus finely setose, briefly connate at base. Achenes ending in a long rostrum. Species 7, S. Amer. i. CHEVREULIA LYCOPODIOIDES DC. Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, 4 mm. long. Heads terminal, solitary, oblong. Involucral scales lanceolate, acuminate, hairy at the base. Falklands, in dry grassy places ; Fuegia. 2. C. STOLONIFERA CaSS. Stem branching, short, stoloniferous. Leaves subradical, linear-oblong or obovate, obtuse, entire, mucronate, appressed-hairy. Scape longer than the leaves. Involucral scales obtuse. (Chili, at Valdivia ; also in Tristan d'Acunha I.) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 184, G, H.) 27. ANTENNARIA Gaertn. Woolly, perennial herbs, with alternate and basal leaves, and small dis- coid, dioecious or polygamous heads, usually capitate or corymbose. In- volucral scales scarious, imbricated, the outer shorter. Receptacle not chaffy. Staminal flowers, with scanty pappus of clavate setae; fertile flowers, with copious, capillary bristles. Achenes oblong. Species 15, mostly in mountains of Eurasia, Australia and extratrop. N. and S. Amer. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 184, C-E.) A. MAGELLANICA Sch. Bip. From subligneous root. Plant arachnoid, woolly. Leaves in radical tufts and cauline ; ovate-spatulate, subacute, entire ; narrower upwards. Glomerules with golden-woolly scales, the inner thin, rounded, glabrous, shorter than the pappus. Magellan, specimen in Gray Herb., by R. O. Cunningham ; S. Pata- gon., by Hatcher at Rio Coy, "variable, low, 30-60 cm. high" ; N. and E. Fuegia, by Dusen, "a rather rare steppe plant." MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 813 28. FACELIS Cass. Annual herbs, branching from the ground, with leaves alternate, narrow, entire, emarginate, hoary underneath. Heads rather small, axillary or apically aggregated ; disciform and heterogamous ; the females in the ray, and few fertile, tubular, hermaphrodite in the disk. Involucre ovoid, its scales several-seriate, the inner long-scarious ; outer woolly ; outer- most leafy. Receptacle naked. Anthers basisagittate and tailed. Style- bmnclics truncate. Pappus-setae i -seriate, plumose, basiconnate as a ring. Achenes oblong, beakless. Species 3, Andine. F. APICULATA Cass. Leaves linear, apically truncate or emarginate, the nerve apiculately produced. Heads crowded. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 184, J. K.) (S. Brazil ; Argent.); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. F. BRACHYCH^ETA (bmchyantha?}. S. Patagon., high up by Rio Sta. Cruz. 29. ACHYROCLINE Less. Erect undershrubs, mostly woolly, with panicle.d cymes of small, nar- row, few-flowered, yellow to whitish, disciform heads; 3-6 filiform, female flowers in the ray, and 1-2 tubular, hermaphrodite flowers in the disk ; all fertile. Receptacle naked or with few pales. Anther-tails small. Style-branches truncate. Pappus-setce scabrous, falling singly. Specimens 16, Mexico to Brazil, etc., also in Africa and Madagascar. A. SATUREIOIDES (Lam.) DC. Branches woolly. Leaves sessile, linear, spreading, scarcely acute; the cauline crowded, those on the branches distant, webby above, woolly underneath. Heads apically crowded, cylindric, glabrous ; their scales oblong, obtuse. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 184, L.) (Brazil, etc.) ; N. Patagon., by mouths of Rio Negro. 814 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 30. LUCILIA Cass. Gray, woolly herbs, allied to Gnaphalium. Heads few, rather large, elongated. Involucres many-seriate, their scales long, scarious. Recep- tacle naked. Flowers all fertile, the females very slender, surrounding, and more numerous than, the hermaphrodites. Achenes silky, some of the hairs often elongate, like an extra-pappus. Species 25, S. Amer. L. ACUTIFOLIA Cass. Leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, tomentose. Pappus-setce finely serru- late. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 184, M.) (Andes of Peru and Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 31. GNAPHALIUM Linn. Cudweed, Everlasting. Chiefly woolly herbs, with alternate leaves and discoid heads of pistillate and perfect flowers. Involucral scales several-seriate, their points dry. Receptacle naked. Anthers tailed. Pappus single, of capillary bristles. Achenes oblong or obovate, not ribbed. Species 120, widely distributed. ( J. D. Hooker, in Flora Antarctica, questions the specific validity of many of the species.) KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Glabrous. b. Decumbent, 4 cm. Leafy at base, less so above. Heads capitate, large, antarcticum. b2. Undershrub, woolly upwards. Leaves small, obovate-rotund. Heads 3-5, terminal. serpyllifolium. A2. Hoary, erect or ascending. Lower leaves broad, spatulate, upper narrower. b. Upper leaves subdecurrent. Floral leaves short, linear. Heads crowded, spiciform. spicatum. 62. Upper leaves not decurrent. Heads in compound, axillary spikes. axillare. A$. Hoary- villous. b. Erect annual. Leaves linear or broader, acute. Spike leafy, terminal, and axillary glom- erules. Scales purplish-tipped. filagineum. b2. Slender, leafy stem. Leaves spatulate-linear-oblong. Heads 3-5, sessile in upper axils, as an interrupted spike. Scales dark -tipped. spiciforme. A^. Glandular-tomentose, suffruticose, with short branches. Leaves oblong-spatulate, acute. Heads in compound, apical glomerules. Scales whitish. frigiduni. A$. Woody, branching, with a tomentose cross terminating the branches. lycopodiutn. A6. Leaves green above, tomentose underneath. Heads crowded apically. b. Leaves ovate-oblong, attenuate-petiolate, acuminate. Heads crowded at the top. mucronatum. MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 815 /'.:. Leaves linear spatulate, the upper oblong. Heads sessile in axils and spicate above. c. Scales purplish upwards. ptirpureuw. c2. Scales apically rufous. Leaves oblong-spatulate, mucronate. fiiirpiireinn-sphacelalntn. 63. Leaves dimorphous, the basal subspatulate, straight, the cauline falcate, crowded. Heads sessile in upper axils and densely spicate. falcatum. 64. Erect or diffuse annual. Lower leaves subobovate, obtuse ; upper leaves narrower, acute, semi-amplexicaul. Glomerules cymose. Scales acuminate. luteo-album. £5. Stunted, 5 cm., with offsets. Leaves oblong-linear, lowest subspatulate. Heads 5, ses- sile, cymose. viagellanicuin. Aj. Woolly-tomentose. b. Procumbent, 6 cm. tall. Heads few. c. Leaves subovate, sparse. affine. c2. Leaves sessile, linear-oblong. Stems filiform ; flowers yellowish. supinuin. 62. Ascending. Leaves spatulate-lanceolate to linear, amplexicaul. Terminal glomerules. montevidense . £3. Erect, simple. c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, decurrent. Corymbs terminal, dense. d. Leaves woolly on both surfaces. Heads paniculate. Scales pale yellow. chciranthifolium. d2. Leaves velvety above, tomentose underneath. Heads compactly crowded. Scales citrinous. citrinum. i. GNAPHALIUM AFFINE d'Urv. Stem slender, herbaceous, procumbent, only 6 cm. high, much branch- ing and leafy. The flowering branches ascending, sparsely leafy. Heads few, terminal, aggregate, narrowly cylindrical. Invohtcral scales lanceo- late, acuminate. Base of pedicels and bract-like leaves immersed in wool. Spegazzini notes 3 leading forms of this species : ( i ) pnsillnm, leaves ovate, obtuse; scapes with 1—3 leaves and minute, crowded heads; (2) parvulum, leaves narrower, acutish ; scapes naked or with strict leaves, heads more lax; (3) medium, leaves obovate to subspatulate, apically rounded ; scapes slender, heads, minute, bracteolate, crowded to inter- ruptedly spicate. Patagon., Chubut ; Magellan; Fuegia ; Navarin I.; Falklands. 2. G. ANTARCTICUM Hook. f. Low, glabrous. Stem decumbent 3-5 cm. high, leafy at base, sparsely leafy above. Heads subcapitate, rather large. Involucre scales lanceo- late, acuminate, scarious, glabrous, pale brown. Achenes glabrous. Pap- pus subpilose at base. Falklands, concealed in grass. 8l6 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. 3. GNAPHALIUM AXILLARE Remy. Erect, subsimple; stem and leaves hoary. Basal leaves spatulate, mucronulate ; cauline linear-mucronulate, non-decurrent ; the lowest bear- ing in their axils a spike of heads. Spike short-peduncled, long and inter- rupted, compound. Involucre ovate-oblong, the outer scales oval, acute ; the inner oblong-linear, green at base, yellowish and obtuse at apex. S. Patagon., by Dusdn at Puerto Madryn ; Golfo de San Jorge. 4- G. CHEIRANTHIFOLIUM Lam. The erect, simple, herbaceous stem and the leaves on both surfaces hoary- woolly. Leaves decurrent, linear-lanceolate, acute, undulate-crisp, floral branches panicled. Heads terminally crowded, semiglobose-campanulate. Invohicral scales scarious, shining, pale yellow, oblong-linear, scarcely acute. (Central flowers hermaphrodite.) (Montevideo, etc.) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. 5. G. CITRINUM Hook. & Arn. (= cheiranthifolittm fide Ind. Kew.). Herbaceous, erect, tomentose. Leaves very decurrent, linear-lanceo- late, acute, velvety above, white-tomentose underneath. Corymbs termi- nal ; heads crowded, ovate-campanulate. Involucralsc.2\ts oblong, obtuse, citrinous, shining. (Chili) ; Patagon., Golfo de San Jorge ; Magellan. 6. G. FALCATUM Lam. White-woolly, with many simple stems arising from the base. Radical leaves subspatulate, obtuse, straight; cauline crowded, falcate-arcuate. Heads sessile in the upper axils, and crowded in a spike. Invohicral scales linear, glabrous, red-tipped. Magellan. 7- G. FILAGINEUM DC. Villous-hoary, erect, ascending, herbaceous annual. Leaves sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, villous-hoary both surfaces. Spike leafy, terminal, interrupted. Glomerules crowded at the axils, much shorter than the leaf. Invohicral scales lanceolate, acute, purplish. (Brazil) ; Patagon., along Rio Negro and Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz. MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 817 8. GNAPHALIUM FRIGIDUM Wedd. Glandular-tomentose, from a woody, branching rhizome, cespitose. Stems or branches short, decumbent or diffuse, and ascending, glomeru- liferous at apex. Leaves oblong-spatulate or lanceolate, acute, not (?) decurrent. Heads densely glomerate, glomerules solitary. Involucre hemispherical, scales scarious, obtuse, sordid-whitish. Female flowers very many; disk-flowers hermaphrodite, about 18, with pappus-setce coarsely thickened. (Bolivia, etc., at snow-level) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher in Cordilleras, Feb. 1 6, 1897. A specimen in Gray Herbarium from Peruvian Andes at 14,000 feet (4,200 meters) above sea-level, is marked "var.folns angustioribus" 9. G. LUTEO-ALBUM Linn. White-woolly, annual herb, with erect, simple or diffusely branching stem. Lowest leaves obovate or oblong-spatulate, obtuse ; cauline semi- amplexicaul, oblong-linear or lanceolate, acute. Heads glomerate-cymose. Invohtcral scales scarious-hyaline, stramineous, acuminate. (Cosmopolitan); N. Patagon., in sandy and damp places. 10. G. LYCOPODIUM Pers. Stem woody, branching, the tops of the branches with thin, dense to- mentum, forming a cross. ("Is it Lucilia or Oligattdraf" DC.) Magellan. II. G. MAGELLANICUM Sch. Bip. Stunted, 5 cm. high, with very short offsets. Leaves oblong-linear, the lowest subspatulate ; villous-tomentose on both surfaces. Heads 5-6, sessile, cymose. Involucre generally half as long as the pappus ; its scales glabrous, weak, straw-brown, ovate, oblong, obtuse, striate, subincised above. Achenes cylindraceous, sparsely hirt. The male plants unknown. Magellan ; at Punta Arenas by the seaside. 12. G. MONTEVIDENSE Spreng. Stem herbaceous, ascending, simple, woolly. Leaves sparse, amplex- icaul, spatulate-lanceolate, linear, acutish, plane, woolly. Heads sessile in terminal glomerules ; involucres yellow. (Montevideo); Chubut, in rocky places. 8l8 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 13. GNAPHALIUM MUCRONATUM Phil. Perennial. Stems many, white-woolly. Leaves green above, hoary- tomentose underneath, obovate-oblong, attenuate to a kind of petiole, acuminate. Heads crowded at top of the stems. Involucral scales api- cal ly fuscous. (Chili); W. Patagon., by Rio Palena; E. Patagon., near Rio San Martin. (Dusen.) (G. mucronatum Berg, is Helichrystim mucronatum Less, of S. Afr.) 14. G. PURPUREUM Linn. (P. americanum Mill.) Herbaceous annual or biennial, with simple, erect stem, tomentose. Leaves linear-spatulate ; upper ones oblong, tomentose underneath, webby-glabrate on upper surface, sessile, or the lowest narrowed to a petiole. Heads sessile, subspicate in the upper axils and terminally. Involucral scales scarious, yellowish-brown or purplish, lance-oblong, acutish, the outer woolly at the base. Achenes roughish. Pappus bristles united at the base. (Tropics and subtrop.); about Ajo(S. E. Arg.). Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz; Magellan; Fuegia. 15. G. PURPUREUM SPHACELATUM (H.B.K.). Silky-woolly. Leaves oblong-spatulate, mucronate. Heads crowded in the upper axils, in a rather interrupted leafy spike. Invohicral scales linear, apically rufous. S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. 1 6. G. SERPYLLIFOLIUM Remy. Suffruticose and glabrous below, with many slender stems; woolly upwards. Leaves small, obovate-rotund, the upper subspatulate, obtuse, mucronulate, non-decurrent, woolly both sides. Heads terminal, few (3-5). Involucral scales linear, acute, sphacelate. (Argentina) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. 17. G. SPICATUM Lam. Stem erect or ascending, hoary. Leaves narrowly oblong-spatulate, the lower broader, the upper subdecurrent, glabrous or webby on the upper surface. Floral leaves shorter, linear. (Fig. 97.) MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 819 (Quito; Brazil); S. Patagon., Falklands; Fuegia. "Abundant and variable." Var. with all the leaves narrowed to a long peti- ole and the flowers crowded in subsessile heads. Chonos Archip. 1 8. GNAPHALIUM SPICIFORME Sch. Bip. Perennial. Stems several, herbaceous, a span high, ascending, slender, leafy, ending in an interrupted spike. Leaves spatulate, linear- oblong, hoary, webby-villous. Heads 3-5, ses- sile in the upper axils, cylindraceous. Involucral scales oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, blackish brown, i5-flowered, of which 12 are filiform females, and 3 are hermaphrodite, tubular and 5-toothed. Magellan, by Punta Arenas. FIG. 97. Gnaphalium spicatum. — Spike, slightly reduced ; also ray-flower (on left), disk-flower (on right), and re- ceptacle with involucre (below). (From Flora antarctica.} 19. G. SUPINUM Linn. Dwarf Cudweed. Low, herbaceous perennial, 3-7 cm. high, with simple, filiform stem, and sessile, linear, oblong, webby-tomentose leaves. Heads few, subsessile amid the upper leaves, oblong. Involucral scales oblong, acuminate. Flowers yellowish. Pappus bristles distinct. Achenes puberulous. Alpine regions of Eurasia and N. Amer. S. Fuegia, about Ushuaia, at elevations. G. SUPINUM SUBACAULE Wahl. Stem shorter than the leaves, and heads concealed by the leaves. 32. ADENOCAULON Hook. Herbs, glandular especially at the inflorescence. Stems tall, sparsely branching, with few or no leaves upwards. Basal leaves long-petioled, white-tomentose below. Heads small, in a large panicle, disciform, heterog- amous, 4-7 females surrounding as many sterile hermaphrodites. In- volucre broad, its scales few (5),subequal, herbaceous. Receptacle naked. Anthers basally entire or minutely toothed. Styles of female flowers with short, broad branches. Achenes costate, gland-bearing. Pappus none. 820 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. Species 2, A. bicolor Hook, in Himalaya, Japan, and N. Amer., and the following. A case of discontinuity. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 206, G-L.) ADENOCAULON CHILENSE Less. (A. lechleri Sch. Bip.) Leaves largely oval, rounded or subcordate at their base, slightly toothed, or entire at their margin. (Chili) ; Patagon., Chubut; Magellan; S. Fuegia, at Ushuaia. 33. PARTHENIUM Linn. Mostly hairy, or hoary herbs or shrubs, with alternate leaves, and small corymbose heads of both tubular and radiate, white or yellow flowers. Involucre broad, its scales 2-3-seriate, appressed, subequal. Chaff sur- rounding the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers about 5, their ligules short, .2- lobed. Disk-flowers sterile. Anthers basi-entire. Achenes compressed, bearing the persistent rays and pappus of 2-3 awns. Species 10, N. Amer. to northern part of S. Amer. P. HYSTEROPHORUS Linn. Herbaceous annual, hispid below, hoary at top. Leaves variously bipinnatipartite. Involucral scales acute. Pappus-scales oval-oblong, obtuse, membranaceous. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 114, M, N.) (Tex., by Mexico and W. Indies to S. Amer.; also Mauritius.) N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. 34. AMBROSIA Linn. American Ragweed. Monoecious or dioecious branching herbs or shrubs, with small heads of green flowers, the staminate in spikes or racemes, the pistillate solitary or few in the axils. Pistillate heads i -flowered, with 4-8 spines, without petals or pappus. Staminate heads many-flowered, often with filiform chaff, scarcely synantherous. (Flowers so far reduced as to have lost the chief characters of Composite, the female flowers being naked and not strictly capitate, and the males not having the anthers united.) (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 222.) Species 12, chiefly American. MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 82 1 i. AMBROSIA SCABRA Hook. & Arn. Stem scabrid. Leaves pinnate, callous-scabrid on the upper surface, hirsute-pubescent underneath ; segments linear-lanceolate, acute, the lower incised-pinnatifid. Racemes solitary, sometimes becoming a leafy panicle. (Buenos Ayres, etc., in pastures) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 2. A. TENUIFOLIA Spreng. Pilose ; lower leaves thrice-pinnatifid, with linear segments. Racemes solitary, copiously paniculate. Male involucre with subentire orifice ; female involucre hard, sparsely tubercled. Annual herb, 60-90 cm. high, copiously branching. (Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 35. XANTHIUM Linn. Cockle-bur. Rough, monoecious annuals, with small heads of greenish, discoid flowers, the male-heads many-flowered, clustered at the ends of the branches, the females axillary, with 2 apetalous flowers. Males involucrate by distinct scales, the filaments united but anthers separate, the receptacle chaffy. Female heads with closed involucre covered by hooked spines. Corolla none. Pappits none. Species 5, widely distributed. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 223.) i. X. AMBROSIOIDES Hook. & Arn. Spinose, tomentose-hoary. Stem procumbent. Leaves bipinnatifid, the segments oblong, obtuse, marginally revolute. Female head solitary, its spines slender, setiform, patent, apically hooked ; the terminal spine stout and straight. It has the foliage of Ambrosia with the fruit of Xanthium. A var. has the female head with no stout spine. N. Patagon. in fields by Rio Negro. 2. X. ITALICUM Moretti. (X, macrocarpum DC.) Leaves cordate, cuneate in the sinus, 3-lobed, toothed. Printing in- volucre ovate-oblong, hispid between the spines and at the base of the beaks, which are apically hooked. N. Patagon., banks of Rio Negro. 822 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. •v 3. XANTHIUM SPINOSUM Linn. Strong, 3-partite spines at the base of the leaves, which are 3-lobate, minutely puberulous above, hoary along the nerves and underneath. Spines yellow, 25 mm. long. (Eur. and N. Amer.) ; N. Patagon. ; the roasted fruits are used for making a drink like coffee. 36. ECLIPTA Linn. Branching herbs, with opposite leaves and small peduncled, terminal and axillary heads of tubular and radiate, whitish flowers. Involucre broad, its scales usually 2-seriate, herbaceous. Receptacle with awn-like chaff subtending the achenes. Ray-flowers fertile ; disk flowers perfect, mostly fertile, and mostly 4-toothed. Style-branches obtuse or with tri- angular tips. Achenes thick, with rough sides. Pappus none, or a few teeth. Species 4, chiefly tropical. E. ALBA Hassk. Rough annual, 60 cm. high. Leaves nearly lanceolate, denticulate or entire, narrowed to a sessile base, or some petioled. Rays short. Achenes 4-toothed. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 227, E-H.) (Trop. Amer., naturalized in U. S.) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 37. WEDELIA Jacq. Rough herbs or undershrubs, with opposite leaves and mediocre heads, pediceled at the ends of branches or axillary. Flowers yellow, radiate, all usually fertile. Involucral scales 2-seriate, the outer green. Chaff embracing the flowers. Anthers basi-entire or sagittate. Style-branches with acute appendages. Achenes thick, laterally compressed, or in the ray triquetrous ; glabrous or hairy or tubercled. Pappus mostly cup-like or with caducous awns. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 230, A.) Species 60, in warm climates. W. BUPHTHALMIFLORA Ltz. Many erect stems from the woody root; branching decussately or sparsely, with gray cortex, 50 cm. high. Leaves narrow, lanceolate, MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 823 entire, or broader and serrate, 3-nerved, revolute edged, 6 cm. long. Flower-heads solitary, terminal, rather large, above the leaves. Involucral scales 4-seriate, the inner larger, passing into the r§ceptacle-pales. Achenes compressed, not winged, .silkyf Pappus of 3 pales, scarcely united, lacerate above. Some short neuter flowers. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 38. SPILANTHES Jacq. Branching herbs, with opposite leaves and rather small, long-peduncled, discoid and radiate heads, or rayless. Involucre with green scales, 2- seriate. Receptacle convex or elongated, chaffy about the achenes. An- thers basitruncate. Style-branches of the disk long, often tufted. Achenes 3-sided (ray), or compressed. Pappus of 1-3 or more awns. Species 30, in warm regions. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 237.) S. ARNICOIDES DC. (S. helenioides Hook & Arn.) Stem creeping, ascending, hirtellous, sparsely branching. Leaves crowded at base, opposite, attenuate-cuneate to a long petiole, elliptical or ovate- lanceolate, subdentate, smooth. Peduncle long, i -headed, erect, sparsely puberulous; head subglobose. Involucral scales about 12, oval-oblong, obtuse. Ligules 12-15, three times as long as the involucre. Achenes of ray abortive, of disk ciliate, 2-awned. Corolla intense yellow. (Brazil) ; N. Patagon., a campos plant ; "nim-nim," its root is chewed to allay thirst. S. ARNICOIDES LEPTOPHYLLA (DC.). N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 39. VERBESINA Linn, (including Ximenesia Cass.). Mostly pubescent or scabrid herbs, with heads small to mid-sized, and broad involucre with few-seriate scales. Receptacle convex, chaffy, its chaff enclosing the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers ligulate, white, pistillate or neuter. Style-branches of disk with acute appendages ; the disk-achenes flattened. Pappus of 1-3 subulate awns, sometimes with intermediate scales. Species 50, American, from southern United States to Patagon. 824 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. VERBESINA AUSTRALIS (Hook & Arn.) Baker. (Ximenesia microptera DC.) Annual, with stems not winged. Leaves alternate, dorsally white- tomentose ; lower leaves deltoid-petiolate, sharply serrate, the upper ses- sile, basi-auriculate. Heads few, lax-corymbose. Ligules 10-12, large, showy. Achenes narrowly winged ; awns short. (Argentina, etc.); N. Patagon.; common along Rio Negro. 40. THELESPERMA Less. Glabrous herbs, with opposite, linear or finely dissected leaves and long- peduncled, mid-sized heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, or rayless. Involucre broad, 2-seriate, the outer scales short, spreading, the inner connate half-way, their tips scarious. Receptacle chaffy. Ray-flowers neuter, yellow. Anthers basiobtuse. Style-branches obtuse. Achenes papillose on the back, wingless. Pappus of 2 retrorsely hispid awns or none. Species 7, Amer., from southern United States to Patagon. i. T. MEGAPOTAMICUM O. Ktze. (Spr. sub Bidens]. Leaves all bipinnatifid, linear-filiform, glabrous. Heads mostly in pairs, peduncled, erect, discoid. Involucre colored, as long as the disk. Achenes ? (Brazil ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon., common along Rio Negro. 2. T. SCABIOSOIDES LeSS. Herb from woody root, 60 cm. high, of habit of Scabiosa columbaria gramuntia DC. Glabrous, with many stems which are rigid, divided from below into a subtrichotomous panicle, with spreading branches and long peduncles. Leaves decussate, at least below, finely dissected ; their seg- ments linear to 16 mm. long; passing to upper, simple, sessile, linear leaves. Heads erect, homogamous. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 240, E-F.) (Uruguay, etc.) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 41. MADIA Molin. Tarweed. Erect annuals, with entire leaves, and glandular, often scented pubes- cence. Heads mostly radiate and heterogamous. Involucral scales i- MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 825 seriate, carinate, embracing the outer achenes. Disk-flowers tubular, 5-cleft, their styles appendaged. Anthers basiobtuse. Achenes of ray obovate-oblong, often laterally compressed and incurved. Pappus none. Species 8, in Western N. Amer., and to Chili, etc. MADIA SATIVA Molin. Lower leaves opposite, upper alternate, semiamplexicaul, oblong, en- tire. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 249, C.) (Chili, where an oil is expressed from its seeds, and it is cultivated) ; Patagon. ; Magellan; N. and E. Fuegia (Dusen, "a steppe plant; rather rare in Fuegia"). 42. FLAVERIA Juss. Herbs often yellowish, with opposite, narrow leaves and heads with few, to only i, flowers, all fertile. Invohicral scales 2—4, long, subequal, sometimes with small, outer scales. Receptacle naked. Ray-flowers with very short ligules. Anthers basiobtuse. Style-branches of disk truncate. Achenes 8-io-costate. Pappus none. Corollas yellow. Species 8, of which 2 are spread over the whole tropics, especially in W. Amer. One of these, F. contrayerva Pers. (fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 259), is used as a vermifuge. F. australasica Hook., of tropical E. Australia, is allied to species in S. Amer., W. Indies and Florida. A species (undescribed) belonging to S. Argentina may be expected in N. Patagon. 43. VILLANOVA Lag. Diffuse, glandular, pubescent herbs, with at least the lower leaves oppo- site, dissected ; and with small or midsized peduncled heads of yellow flowers panicled or corymbose. Ray- and disk-flowers usually fertile. In- volucre broad, its scales few, subequal, green, subtending the ray-flowers. Receptacle small, naked. Anthers basisagittate. Style branches acute. Achenes cuneate-oblong, truncate, triquetrous, glabrous. Pappus none. Species 8, Colorado to Patagon. V. PINNATIFIDA Lag. Annual, with ternatisect leaves, opposite below, alternate upwards, their segments pinnatifid. Magellan. 826 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 44. ACTINELLA Pers. Chiefly herbs, with alternate or radical leaves, entire or pinnately few- lobed. Heads terminating the branches, mostly radiate, heterogamous, yellow-rayed, resinous. Involucre broad, its scales 2-3-seriate, subequal, rigid. Receptacle convex, naked. Anthers entire or basisagittate. Style- branches dilated-truncate, pencilled. Achenes silky. Pappus of 5-12 awned, hyaline pales. Species 17, N. Amer. 1. A. ANTHEMOIDES (Cass. sub Hymenoxys] Gray. (Actinea antJie- niodes O. Ktze.) Heads discoid, homogamous. Iwvolucral scales obovate-subspatulate. Not well known ; referred by DC. and A. Gray to Hynienoxys, a sub- genus, having double involucre, the outer short and connate. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 256, R.) ("Achenial hairs bicuspidate," Speg. This character is common in many genera. See A. Gray's Revision of Compositae on genus Townsendia.'] N. Patagon., along Rio Negro. 2. A. HETEROPHYLLA (Juss. sub Actinea Ccphalophom L.) H. & A. A. HETEROPHYLLA LATIFOLIA O. KtZC. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, the upper broader, 4 mm., entire. Patagon. 45. GAILLARDIA Foug. Pubescent herbs, with alternate or basal leaves, and large, peduncled, radiate heads, the rays cuneate, variously colored, or wanting. Involucre broad, 2-3-seriate, herbaceous-tipped. Receptacle convex or globose, often bristly. Teeth of disk-flowers with jointed hairs. Anthers basi- sagittate. Style-branches appendaged. Achenes turbinate, 5-costate, vil- lous. Pappus-scales 6-12, awned, i-nerved, exceeding the achene. Species 12, chiefly in Central and N. Amer. i. G. DONIANA Gris. (Ceplialophora doniana H. & A.) Hoary, suffruticose. Leaves linear, entire, acute. Invohicral scales appressed. Heads radiate ; ray-corollas 3-lobed, of same color with the disk. Pappus-pales 6-8, rather short. Achene yellow-silky. Argentina. MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 827 2. GAILLARDIA DONIANA DISCOIDEA Gris. Radiate; but by the setose receptacle and the style-branches having a long, hirt appendage allied to G. scabiosoides. Plant 30 cm. tall. Leaves narrowly or broadly lanceolate-elliptical, acuminate, entire, 5 cm. by 4 cm. (Argentina); N. Patagon. * 3. G. MEGAPOTAMICA (Spr.) Baker. Stems inconspicuously pilose. Leaves lanceolate, entire. Heads dis- coid, solitary, long-peduncled. Involucral scales lanceolate, shorter than the disk. Pappus-pales 9-10, lanceolate, 2-3 times larger than the achene. The largest species: " Tscho'ike catschu," Rhea-grass, its infusion is sudorific. (S. Brazil and Argentina, near rivers) ; N. Patagon. and by Bahia Blanca. 4. G. SCABIOSOIDES Griseb. (= G. megapotamica?]. Heads discoid, solitary, long-peduncled. Leaves oblong, deeply pin- natifid ; the segments lanceolate, entire or sparsely toothed, Involucral scales lanceolate, shorter than the disk. Pappus-pales 9-10, lanceolate, 2-3 times exceeding the achene. (Leaves varying, sometimes entire.) (Argentina) ; N. Patagon. 5. G. SCABIOSOIDES RADIATA. Stem 22 cm. high, leafy at base. Leaves bipinnatisect, ovate in out- line, to 4 cm. long. Ray exsert, its ligules trifid. (Argentina, common by rivers) ; N. Patagon. 46. TAGETES Linn. South American Marigold. Glabrous herbs, with oil-glands in the involucres and in the leaves. Leaves mostly opposite and mostly pinnately dissected. Flowers yellow. Involucre cylindraceous, i -seriate, connate. Receptacle naked. Ray- flowers entire or 2-cleft. Anthers basiobtuse. Style-branches truncate- tufted or briefly appendaged. Achenes linear, attenuate with a basal cal- lus. Pappus-pales 5—6, differing. Species 20, Mex. and S. Amer., often cultivated in gardens. (DC. Prodr. gives as the generic character, "leaves opposite or alter- nate, " and several of its species are cited with alternate leaves. Benth. g28 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. & Hook and also Eng. & Prantl, say "leaves opposite," apparently by an oversight, as Benth. & Hook, refer to T. glandulifera as in the genus.) TAGETES GLANDULIFERA Schrk. Heavy-scented annuals, with erect stem and short branches. Leaves alternate, pinnatisect ; their segments linear-lanceolate, acuminate both ways, serrate, 6-8 pairs and a terminal; upper leaves subdecurrent t lower lobes of each aristate and small. Heads corymbose-fasciculate, about 7 of them ending a branch. Ligules 3, small (S. Brazil; Argentina; Chili); N. Patagon, in cultivated places by Rio Negr°' 47. DYSODIA Cav. Mostly annual, strong-scented, branching herbs, with dissected glandu- liferous 9mm and small, radiate heads of yellow flowers ****** scales i-seriate, partly united, mostly with small outer scales facie pubescent. Rays short. Anthers basally entire or toothed. branches long, hirsute. Achenes obpyramidal, singled, stnate. Pap- pus-scales 10 or more, parted into bristles. Species 34, Southern and Western U. S. to Mex., and i in S. Amer. D. BELENIDIUM (DC. sub Hymenatherum as a genus). Erect undershrub, with basal leaves opposite, pinnatipartite, having 5 pairs of lateral lobes and a longer terminal, all subulate, rigid. Pedicels long, i -headed, naked. Involucral scales united throughout. Pappus- scales 10-20, ending in 1-7 awns. (Chili; Argentina) ; N. Patagon., in rocky places by 48. ANTHEMIS Linn. Camomile. Herbs or undershrubs, often scented, with pinnatifid or dissected, alter- nate leaves, and rather large, peduncled heads of yellow disk-flowers, and white or yellow rays ending the branches. Involucre hemispheric, its scales imbricated, several-seriate, scarious-margined, shorter outwards. Receptacle convex, with chaff subtending the disk-flowers. £**»**"£ obtuse. Style-branches in the disk truncate. Achenes oblong, nl Pappus none, or a ring. Species 100, Europe and Mediterr. region ; a few introduced (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 271.) MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 829 ANTHEMIS COTULA Linn. Glabrous, glandular, fetid annual. Leaves finely dissected into sub- filiform spreading segments. Ray-flowers 10-18, white, neutral. (Eur., naturalized in N. and S. Amer.) ; Patagon., at Rawson by mouth of Rio Chubut (Dusen). Near RR. Gallegos and Sta. Cruz. 49. ACHILLEA Linn. Yarrow. Herbs, with erect, leafy stem, the leaves alternate, finely dissected or pin- natifid, or serrate ; and terminal corymbs of small heads, with yellow disks and white or pink rays. Invohtcral scales few-seriate, imbricating, smaller outwards. Receptacle with subtending chaff. Anthers basi-obtuse. Style-branches truncate. Achenes oblong to obovate. Pappus none. Species 80, in N. Temperate regions, especially of Old World. A. MILLEFOLIUM Linn. Leaves finely dissected into narrow, pinnatifid segments, tomentose or glabrous. Involucre ovoid. (N. Temp, regions of both Hemispheres, also in S. Austral, and N. Zeal.); Magellan (Dusen). 50. COTULA Linn. Low, cespitose or creeping herbs, with alternate, pinnately divided or toothed /eaves; and rather small, heterogamous, disciform heads. Invo- lucre broad, 2-seriate. Receptacle naked. Corollas of outer flowers con- ical or none ; of disk 4-merous. Anthers basi-obtuse. Style-branches truncate or obtuse. Ac hems compressed. Pappus none, or auriculiform. Species 40, in temperate and warmer parts of Old World; also with the section Leptinella, including 18 species, in the Southern Hemisphere. (LEPTINELLA, subgenus.) Receptacle at length conical ; the female flowers several-seriate, the achenes 2-costate or 2-winged. Species 18, in Australia, New Zeal, and Chatham I. and the following which are most of them, common to Australia and Western America. i. C. AOENOIDES (Hook. & Arn. sub Leptinella]. Stoloniferous, subvillous. Leaves spatulate, pinnatifid, with oval seg- ments, here and there incise-toothed ; the lower smaller, the upper greater 830 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. and thin segments approximate. Involucral scales 5, in i series, scarious- margined. "No ligulate or marginal female flowers in ours" (H. & A.). "= C. reptans" (Index Kewensis). (Australia); Fuegia, Ushuaia; Cape Horn; Staaten Id.; W. Patagon., at Cape Tres Montes. Var. major. Less villous ; leaves subglabrous, lobes distant. Head larger. At Valdivia. (C. reptans Benth. occurs in Australia and Tas- mania, as also the var. major.'] 2. COTULA AUSTRALIS (LeSS.) Hook. f. Slender, much branched, 5-10 cm. high, flaccid, glabrous, hairy or woolly at nodes. Leaves 1 2-25 mm. long, pinnatifid once or twice ; the lobes linear, entire. Heads minute, 2 mm. broad, on long, slender pe- duncles. Involucral scales 2-seriate, linear-oblong, membranous. Ray- flowers 3-seriate, pediceled ; no corolla. Achenes obovate, winged, the wing apically bifid, glandular on inner side. Disk-flowers tubular, 4- toothed, glandular. (N. Zeal., Tasmania; Australia; S. Africa; Tristan); Patagon. (?). 3. C. HOMBRONI Franchet. "One-third the size of C. scariosa and much more velvety." Leaves with indistinct petiole, pinnatipartite, with segments contiguous, oboval, crenate or entire, long-prostrate, rooting. Heads 6 mm. in diameter; involucral scales glabrescent, 1-3 outer ovate-deltoid, the inner orbic- ulate, black-tipped. Magellan, by Hombron. 4. C. PEDUNCULARIS (DC.). Small, glabrous, prostrate, creeping. Leaves petiolate, sinuate-pinnat- ifid, sharply toothed, the segments very narrow. Peduncles terminal, sol- itary or corymbed. Involucral scales imbricating, orbicular, pale-mar- gined. Ray-flowers bilabiate. (Quito); Pataggn., by Savatier. [C. PLUMOSA. Hirsute, with long, lax hairs. Leaves long-petiolate, linear, oblong, obtuse, tripinnatifid, the ultimate segments subulate. Terminal and lat- MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITVE. 831 eral peduncles solitary, as long as the petiole. Involucre i -seriate. Fe- male corollas cordate-ovate. Flowers not glandular. Found in N. Zeal., Auckland I. and Kerguelen ; not yet found in Amer. "One of the few plants common to Lord Auckland's Group and Ker- guelen's Land which do not exist in Fuegia." (J. D. Hooker.)] 5. COTULA REPTANS Benth. Dioecious, stoloniferous, subvillous. Leaves petiolate, pinnatisect; the segments oval-oblong, subarcuate, incised-toothed in places; the lower leaves smaller. Heads long-peduncled. Male involucral scales 5-6, in i series ; female 20, in 3 series. S. Patagon., Gregory Bay, RR. Gallegos and Sta. Cruz. (C. reptans Boj. is Sphceranthus cotuloides of Madagascar.) 6. C. SCARIOSA (Leptinella scariosa Cass.) Franch. Stem prostrate, rooting here and there, the leafy branches villous. Leaves glabriusculous ; the lowest linear, petiole-form at their base, at their apex lyrate-pinnatifid. Peduncle scapiform, villous. Rays ligulate. (S. Chili); E. and W. Magellan to Cape Horn; chiefly in forest regions. 51. ABROTANELLA Cass. Glabrous, dwarf perennials, with small, alternate, entire, fleshy leaves, and small, terminal heads sessile among the leaves, solitary or crowded, disciform and heterogamous. Involucre campanulate, 2— 3-seriate. Re- ceptacle naked. Female corollas 3-4-toothed; hermaphrodites 4-cleft. Anthers basiobtuse. Style-branches short, truncate. Achenes glabrous, dorsally compressed or 4-angular. Papp^^s none, or coroniform, or 4 teeth or bristles. Species 12, N. Zeal., Auckland I.; Campbell I.; Australia (Victoria); Rodriguez I.; Fuegia. I. A. EMARGINATA CaSS. Moss-like herb. Leaves imbricately crowded, broad, scarious-edged, bifid at apex. Heads solitary, terminal. Magellan to Cape Horn ; abundant in the Falklands. 2. A. LINEARIFOLIA A. Gray. Small, lax-cespitose, with linear or broader, entire leaves, the upper as long as the peduncled head. Involucral scales oval, 2-3-nerved. Female 832 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. flowers 2-3; hermaphrodites 6-8; all fertile. Achenes glabrous, long- obovate, 4-costate. Pappus truncate, 4-toothed or 4-awned. Fuegia, near Cape Horn. 3. ABROTANELLA SUBMARGINATA A. Gray. Pulvinate-cespitose. Leaves many, linear, callous-margined, spread- ing, obtuse. Heads solitary, few-flowered. Iwvolucral scales i -nerved. Achenes obscurely 3-4-nerved. Pappus coroniform. Magellan ; Fuegia, by Orange Harbor. 52. ARTEMISIA Linn. Wormwood. Odorous herbs or shrubs, often hoary, with alternate leaves, and small discoid heads of greenish or yellowish flowers. Involucral scales few- seriate, shorter outwards. Receptacle without chaff. Anthers basi-obtuse. Style-branches truncate. Achenes oblong, 2-ribbed or striate, usually with a superior disk. Pappus none. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 281 .) Species 200, chiefly of the Northern Hemisphere. A. MAGELLANICA Sch. Bip. Herbaceous, i -many-stemmed; stems leafy, spicate, racemose. Leaves pinnatipartite, segments 2-3, or only i pair ; oblong-lanceolate, acute, with resinous dots. Raceme perfoliate, simple or branching below. Heads axillary upwards, subsessile, erect, many-flowered. Involucral scales rounded, their margin pale-yellow, scarious. Achenes ovate, cuneate, glabrous. Pappus none. (Chili ; Argentina) ; Patagon. ; Chubut ; Rio Sta. Cruz ; Magellan ; E. Fuegia (Dusen, "a steppe-plant "). 53. MELALEMA Hook. f. Low, cespitose herb, with alternate, spatulate, entire, crowded leaves, tomentose underneath ; and solitary, sessile, discoid heads among the upper leaves. Involucral scales many-seriate, silvery-tomentose, apically sphacelate. Receptacle naked. Anthers basi-obtuse. Style-branches linear, truncate. Marginal flowers female, tubular. Achenes oblong, glabrous. Pappits setose. Species only i , viz : MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 833 MELALEMA HUMIFUSUM Hook. f. Prostrate, emitting long fibers; with leafy branches. Fuegia, on mountain top near Blossom Bay. 54. CULCITIUM Humb. & Bonp. Perennial herbs, with radical or alternate, usually entire leaves; and mediocre or large, yellow, monogamous, discoid heads. Involucre broad, its scales many-seriate, smaller outwards. Receptacle naked. Anthers basally entire or subentire. Style-branches truncate, pencilled. Ac hems oblong-linear, many-striate, glabrous. Pappus-setce copious. Species 14, Andine. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, p. 292.) i. C. MAGELLANICUM Homb. & Jacq. Entirely silky-tomentose. Leaves radical, linear-lanceolate or narrower, long, acute, appressed-hairy, the margins revolute. Scapes with i head : the involucre woolly. S. Patagon., Gregory Bay, Magellan ; by Hatcher at Cabo Negro, Jan. 13; chiefly in the steppes; Fuegia, Ushuaia, Navarin I. 2. C. SESSILE Speg. Pulvinate-cespitose, 5-10 cm. high, 20 cm. broad, appressed-sil very- silky. Leaves crowded, linear, entire, revolute-margined ; their apex attenuate, acute, with a setula ; their base subattenuate and spreading to a villous periclad. Heads solitary on the branches, sessile amid the leaves, campanulate, erect. Involucral scales woolly, shorter than the disk. Corolla ochroleucous. Stigmas ferruginous. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge. 55. SENECIO Linn. Groundsel. Plants of varying habit, usually herbs, in temperate climates. Heads radiate (or sometimes rayless). Involucral scales i-2-seriate, erect, sub- equal, or with small, outer bracteoles. Receptacle naked. Anthers basi- obtuse, or nearly so. Style-branches often spreading, truncate, pencilled. AcJienes 5-iocostate. Pappus-setce copious, fine, entire to barbellate. Species 1,200, cosmopolitan; with great variety as to size of heads, etc. (S. jacobcea L. is the troublesome ragweed of Britain, not the American ragweed ; S. vulgaris L. is the British groundsel, the favorite of the 834 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. canary-bird; S. johnstoni Oliv. of tropical Africa is a tree; and S. humil- Ihnus Sch. Bip. of the Andes is low and cespitose.) KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Monocephali. Heads solitary on the scape or branches. b. Heads discoid. c. Herbs. d. Glabrous, with scape. Leaves fleshy, linear-spatulate, toothed. Involucral tips sphacelate. kingii. d2. Low, many-stemmed perennial, tomentose when young. Leaves linear, the upper few, setaceous. Involucre green. magellanicus. C2. More or less shrubby. d. Leaves glabrous-warty, narrow, broader toward apex. Branches nearly naked. Heads calyculate. Flowers i cm. long. verruculosus. d2. Leaves glabrous on underside, very narrow, smaller upwards. Low, cespitose. miser-tchiiclclies. d$. Somewhat webby ; leaves linear. e. Upper leaves broader, 3-lobed. Heads "homogamous." allceophyllus. e2. Branches naked above. Leaves often 2 -toothed. beaufilsii. S. sericeiis nevand Argentina. ': i. B. INVOLUTUS O. Ktze. - Tall, with glabrescetit, striate branches. Leaves solitary, or in sets of 2-4, puberulent, subfalcate, ± i cm. by 2 mm.; sessile, acute both ways, one side more canal 'vJate. Peduncles 3 cm.; heads solitary, 2 cm. long and broad. R^y-ifowers 12; disk-flowers 20. Involucral scales 3-4-seri- ate, externally .imentose, except the nerve; inner scales 15 by 3 mm., outer scales gra Dually shorter and revolute. Patagon. (M. nd T.). MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITVE. 873 2. BRACHYCLADOS LYCIOIDES Gill, and Don. Differs from B. involutus, by having scarcely half as many involucral scales ; which are not acuminate nor revolute ; and by having smaller heads, and the leaves nearly twice as long. (Andes of Mendoza) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 3. B. MACROCEPHALUS O. KtZC. Low shrub, 50 cm. or more. Branches not striate, the young woolly. Leaves basally 5—8 times dilated ; their dead bases persisting on the branches. Heads subsessile, 3 cm. broad, 2 cm. long; yellow. Ray- flowers 20 ; disk-flowers 40. Involucral scales as B. involutus, but very acute and rather rigid. Patagon.; Lagos, about 5oth parallel (Carl Burmeister). 4. B. OBTUSIFOLIUS O. Ktze. Low, robust, 10 cm. high, densely pulvinate-branching. Leaves falcate, obtuse, epiphyl glabrous, hypophyl hoary and canaliculate ; 6 by 1.3 mm.; basally somewhat dilated. Heads subsessile, I cm. broad and long ; ray- flowers few ; disk-flowers about 30. Involucral scales about 20, oblong, obtuse, apiculate. Patagon. (M. and T.). 5. B. PYGM^EUS O. Ktze. Very low, robust, prostrate, 15 cm. high; very pulverulent, with crowded branches. Leaves with widening base, woolly when young; the dead bases persisting on the branches. Heads subsessile, 15 mm. long and broad. Flowers smaller than in B. macrocephalus. Involucral bracts 15-20, acute. Patagon. (M. and T.). 71. TRICHOCLINE Cass. Perennial, herbs, with i -headed, mostly leafless scapes. Leaves rosu- late. Heads rather large, yellow, radiate. Involucre broad ; its scales many-seriate, imbricate. Receptacle plane, nearly naked. Ray-flowers bilabiate, disk-flowers tubular, or all ligulate. Anthers long-tailed. Style- branches short, wide. Achenes 5-costate. Pappus-seta many-seriate, copious. Species 28, extratropical S. Amer., and Australia. 874 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. i. TRICHOCLINE HETEROPHYLLA Less. Leaves glabrous or laxly villous, long-petioled, oblong, entire or pin- natifid. Involucral inner scales obtuse or acute, their margins scarcely scarious, not undulate. (Brazil; very common about Bahia Blanca, called "Chucho," but the true Chucho is solanaceous) ; probably in N. Patagon. 2. T. INCANA Cass. Stem leafy ; its base densely woolly ; the leaves snowy-tomentose underneath, entire, or mostly pinnatifid, their segments subentire. In- volucral scales lanceolate, white-woolly below, acuminate, subequal. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 341, G, H.) (S. Brazil; Argent.); N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. 72. CHAPTALIA Vent. Mostly stemless herbs from a perennial caudex. Leaves snowy under- neath. Scapes i -headed, leafless, but often with bracts under the radiati- form head. Invohicral scales several-seriate, imbricate, narrow, acu- minate, smaller outwards. Outer flowers ligulate, fertile ; inner short-filiform; innermost bilabiate. Anthers tailed. Style-branches obtuse. Achenes narrowing upwards to a rostrum. Pappus-setcz copi- ous, barbellate. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 341, J-N.) Species 21, Mex. and W. Indies to Argentina. C. INTEGRIFOLIA (Cass. sub Leria.] Leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, entire or with a few spinulose teeth, white-tomentose underneath. Scape 30-45 cm. high; head at length nodding. Involucral scales linear, apically subulate. AcJienes angled, minute, puberulous, 4 times shorter than the rostrum. (Brazil); N. Patagon. 73. MACRACH^ENIUM Hook. f. More or less woolly herb, almost stemless, with tall, slender, i -headed scape, and runcinate-pinnatifid leaves. Heads homogamous ; corollas bilabiate. Involucre narrowly campanulate, its scales few-seriate, imbri- MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 875 cate. Receptacle naked. Anthers long-tailed. Style-branches truncate. Achenes linear, striate. Pappus long-plumose. Species 2. S. Patagon. and Fuegia. i. MACRACHAENIUM FOLIOSUM Alboff. Stem to 50 cm. tall, erect, weak, nodding under the head, sparsely woolly above ; 3-y-foliate, rarely leafless. Radical leaves large, broad- oblong, deeply runcinate-pinnatifid ; the lobes on each side 2-4, broad- oblong, few-lobulate, their lobules ending in a point; white-tomentose underneath. Petioles long, narrowly winged, floccose. Cauline leaves smaller, on shorter petioles. Involucre ovate-cylindric, woolly. Pappus white, yellowish at base. Fuegia, by Beagle Channel ; at Ushuaia, Valley of Rio Olivaia ; Navarin I. 2. M. GRACILE Hook. f. Scape 60 cm. high. Head 25 mm. long. Flowers white. A fine plant. Magellan ; by Hatcher, in Cordilleras of S. Patagon. 74. NASSAUVIA Juss. Cespitose or diffuse undershrubs or herbs, glabrous or villous, with leafy, flowering branches. Leaves alternate, imbricate, often patent or recurved, rigid and ciliolate. Heads sessile, in glomerules, or few, or solitary ; homogamous, few-flowered (3-5, or fewer), with oblong involucre, the few-seriate scales rigid, acute or subspinescent. Receptacle naked. An- thers long-tailed. Style-branches truncate. Achenes glabrous or villous. Pappiis of pales or setae, i-2-seriate, often flat, rarely only 5-6. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 348, A, B.) Species 25, extratropical. S. Amer and Andes. " The woody group of this genus is nearly peculiar to continental S. Amer., and to its drier parts ; not crossing the Strait of Magellan on its western side ; but on the east a few stretch down to Port Gregory, Staaten I., and the Falklands." SECTIONS OF THE GENUS: 1. Nasscea. Heads in terminal, globular or ovoid glomerules. Pappus- scales 3-5, i -seriate, not plumose, easily deciduous. 2. Strongyloma. Heads in axillary glomerules, and these in a long, leafy spike. 876 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 3. Panargyrus. Heads in terminal glomerules. Pappus-setae numerous, i-2-seriate, not easily deciduous, sometimes plumose. 4. Ma stigop horns. Heads solitary. Pappus-scales numerous, 1-2- seriate, or few. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Heads in terminal glomerules. b. Nasscea. Pappus pales 3-5, deciduous. Shrubs with ovate leaves. c. Leaves dimorphous, spiniferous, entire on sterile shoots, pinnatifid on floral stems. heterophylla. c2. Leaves imbricate, spinose-toothed. Low, branching, glabrous. nordenskjoldii. ^3. Leaves glabrous, rigid, imbricate, black-tipped. Dwarf cespitose. pumila. f4. Leaves revolute, with impressed parallel costae. d. Glomerules subglobose. e. Leaves entire, hirsute on lower surface. nivalis. c2. Leaves spinulose-serrate, pubescent at first. revoluta. d2. Glomerules large, ovate. Leaves serrate, silky. serpens. d$. Glomerules in a short spike. Leaves gray-pubescent. dusenii. c$. Leaves imbricate, impressed-striate, recurved margin and apex, silvery underneath. Glomerules at length leafy. argentea. 62. Panargyrus. Pappus setae i-2-seriate, often plumose, not deciduous. c. Fruticose. d. Cespitose. e. Leaves linear, rigid, entire, glabrous. Pappus plumose. abbreviata. C2. Leaves obovate-cuneate, recurved, covering all the stem. lagasca (of H. & A.). d2. Stem and leaves silky. Pappus plumose. e. Leaves linear-subulate, short. Heads in a terminal golden mass. candollei. e2. Leaves linear, subulate, pungent. Flowering branches scape-like. darwinii. ^3. Leaves sparse, linear, entire, soft, obtuse. Heads crowded apically on the branches. laxa. d~$. Hoary velvety. Ascending. Leaves crowded at base, pinnatifid, spinose. Ter- minal racemes on branches. spinosa. C2. Herbs, with spinose leaves. d. Erect, simple stem. Leaves villous, cuneate, ovate, incised. suaveolcns. d2. Subcespitose. Leaves glabrous to webby, linear-lanceolate. Pappus not plu- mose, subspinosa. A2. Strongyloma. Heads in axillary glomerules, forming a leafy spike. b. Leaves oval, toothed-ciliate at base, apically recurved. Cespitose shrub. Pappus pales 3-4. pygmcea. b2. Primary leaves subtending secondary fascicles. c. Primaries subulate, sheathing. d. Secondaries linear-mucronate, recurved. Heads subternate. axillaris. d2. Secondaries complicate-incurved. Heads solitary. glomerulosa. MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 877 C2. Primaries spinescent. Secondaries rosulate. d. Primaries linear-subulate. Secondaries minute, ovate. Heads in 2's or 3*3, 1-2- flowered. patagonica. dz. Primaries broad-subulate ; secondaries short, obtuse. Heads subglomerate. rosulata. b$. Leaves cuneate-oblong, serrate, imbricate. magellanica. 64. Leaves ovate, spinose, serrate. Glomerules in a leafy raceme. pyramidalis. A$. Mastigophorus. Heads solitary. Pappus pales I— 2-seriate. b. Low, branching shrubs, with short, broad, thick, sessile leaves, imbricate and amplexicaul. c. Heads sessile. d. Leaves recurved, silky ; 5 white flowers in the head. amegfnnoi. d2. Leaves orbicular, emarginate ; 5 yellow flowers. bryoides. d$. Leaves deltoid, pilose-glabrescent, entire or two-toothed. morenonis. c2. Heads small, solitary on short branches. Leaves suborbicular-deltoid, silky. Achenes villous. modesta. b2. Low, branching, with leaves longer than wide. c. Heads terminal, solitary. d. Leaves linear-subulate, spinulose-toothed. Petioles dilated at insertion. remeyana. d2. Leaves lanceolate, spinulose-serrate. gaudichaudii. c2. Leaves narrow, pungent. Achenes villous. d. Heads on short axillary branches. Leaves linear. scleranthoides. d2. Heads solitary, ending the branches. Leaves subulate. ulicina. b$. Cespitose. Leaves spiniferous. c. Leaves ovate, glabrous ; branches cottony below. Achenes glabrous. Heads small, solitary in the axils. chubutensis. c2. Leaves ovate-triangular, recurved ; those on sterile branches basally cucullate, ending in a long spine. Heads terminal, solitary. struthionum, i. NASSAUVIA ABBREVIATA (Hook. & Arn. sub Panargyrus]. Cespitose, glabrous, branching at the base, substoloniferous. Leaves rigid, spreading, recurved, linear, acuminate, mucronate, entire, sheathing at the base, with silky axils. Heads in terminal hemispherical glomerules. Pappiis plumose. Magellan; N. Fuegia (Dusen). N. ABBREVIATA SUBSPINOSA Phil. Chubut, in dry rocks ; Fuegia. 2. N. AMEGHINOI Speg. (Mastigophorus.] Shrubby, branching, cespitose. Leaves remotely imbricate, recurved, minute, thick, entire, their venter convex, glabrous, 2-sulcate, dorsally appressed, silky-villous, sessile, i -toothed on each side 878 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. of sheath, subscarious, amplexicaul. Heads apical, solitary, sessile ; with 5 white flowers. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge. 3. NASSAUVIA ARGENTEA Phil. Stems ascending, branching. Leaves imbricate all over the stem, semi- amplexicaul, ovate-oblong, acute, with recurved margin and apex, their upper surface parallel-impressed-striate and pubescent ; the under surface with dense silvery silk. Heads crowded in a glomerule, at length leafy. (Chili, Valdivian Andes, in snow) ; Chubut Mts. (" Var. of N. navalis." Speg.). 4. N. AXILLARIS Don. Primary leaves subulate-trigonous, cucullate-sheathing at base. Second- aries fasciculate, linear-mucronate, recurved. Heads subternate. (Argentina) ; Patagon. M. & T. 5. N. BRYOIDES O. Hoffmann. (Plate XXVIII, A.) Dwarf shrub, branching, forming a cushion; the branches short and densely leafy. Leaves close, imbricate, sessile, orbiculate, entire, pale at base, green at apex, emarginate, slightly complicate. Heads sessile, sol- itary at ends of some branches, radiant. Invohicre cylindrical, of 8-10 scales, the outer ovate, the inner elliptic, all sparsely villous- and mucro- nate. Flowers 5, yellow. Achenes silky. Pappus-pales linear, silky. "Assumes many forms," "habit of Androsace." S. Patagon., in Upper Valley of the Rio Gallegos (Nordenskjold) ; by Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz (Hatcher). 6. N. CANDOLLEI Macl. (Panargyrus lagascce DC. 1838 non Caloptilium lag H. & A. 1835). Stem and leaves silky; the leaves linear-subulate, short, revolute, sup- porting the heads which are conglomerate in a terminal, hemispherical, golden mass. Pappus plumose. S. Patagon. (by Hatcher in the Cordilleras. Feb. 11, 1897. One specimen has two heads close together on a forking branch). 7- N. CHUBUTENSIS Speg. Undershrub, laxly pulvinate-cespitose, branchlets long, erect, cottony below, glabrate towards the apex, laxly leafy. Leaves glabrous, ovate, MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 879 with 2 spreading spines on the margins, and a larger trifid apical spine. Heads small, solitary at the axils of the upper leaves, involucral scales 8. Flowers 5, white. Achenes obovate, glabrous. Chubut, in dry, gravelly valleys. 8. NASSAUVIA DARWINII (Hook. & Arn. sub Panargyrus}. £espitose and woody, branching at base and appressed-silky. Flower- ing-branches long, sparsely leafy, scape-like above. Leaves linear-subu- late, pungent, entire, their margins obscurely revolute. Heads crowded in larger heads at ends of branches, with subulate bracts. Pappus i -seri- ate, plumose. Magellan ; Puerto Deseado; E. Fuegia (Dusen). ("Chiefly in the East- ern parts; a steppe plant") Killik-Aike (Barnum Brown). 9. N. DUSENII O. Hoffm., n. sp.1 (Plate XXX, C, D.) Low undershrub, branching from the base, the branches ascending, and covered from base to apex by closely imbricate leaves ; leaves grey-pubes- cent on both surfaces, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, briefly spi- nose-mucronate, sessile with a broad base, the upper surface with many parallel striae, the margin with short spinose teeth from the excurrent nerves. Upper leaves erect, plane ; the lowest reflexed from their base. Heads crowded in a short, cylindraceous, terminal spike. Bracts leafy, slightly shorter than the subtended head. Branches, as well as the whole plant examined, 10 cm. long. Leaves 12 mm. long by 5 mm. broad. Spike about 3 cm. long, 2 cm. broad. W. Patagon., by Rio Aysen. Coll. Dusen, Feb. 13, 1897 (n. 584). 10. N. GAUDICHAUDII Cass. (DC. sub Masftgophorus.} Stem shrubby, branching, cespitose. Leaves lanceolate, carinate, nerv- ose, acute, with recurved margin, spinulose-serrate. Heads solitary, ter- minal. Pappus of broad pales (N. pygmcea H. f. ? Approaches N. glomerata Gill.) , Magellan ; Falklands ; S. Patagon. (Hatcher). 1 NASSAUVIA DUSENII O. Hoffm., n. sp. Suffruticosa humilis, a basi ramosa, ramis adscendentibus foliosis, foliis a basi usque ad apicem arete imbricatis utrinque griseo-pubescentibus ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis breviter spinoso-mucronatis, basi lata sessilibus, supra parallele multistriatis, margine nervis excurrentibus breviter spinoso-dentatis, superioribus erectis planis, inferioribus a basi reflexis ; capitulis in spicam terminalem breviter cylindraceam congestis, bracteis foliaceis capitulo suffulto paulo brevioribus. 880 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY. ii. NASSAUVIA GLOMERULOSA Don. (DC. sub Strongyloma.] Primary leaves subulate, dilated at base; secondaries complicate in- curved, muticous. Heads solitary. (Near N. axillaris.} (Chili, in high Andes) ; Patagon. 12. N. HETEROPHYLLA Alboff. Long, creeping rhizome, sending up floriferous, villous stems and sterile, glabrous shoots. Leaves dissimilar; on the shoots ovate-lanceolate to ovate, entire, ending in long spines ; on the flowering stems broader, pin- natifid, with linear, spinescent segments, rarely apically toothed. Heads in an ovoid, terminal raceme. Involucral scales leaf-like but broader, villous. Beautiful, with white, aromatic flowers. Fuegia, mountains near Ushuaia. 13. N. LAGASCE (H. & A. sub Caloptilium, 1835). Cespitose. Leaves imbricated, oboval-cuneate, crenulate, nervose-striate, recurved, covering all the stem. Heads glomerate at the apex of the stem, with sessile glomerules. S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine, Chubut in mountain rocks. 14. N. LAXA (Phil, sub Panargyrus}. Silvery-silky. Stem laxly branching, procumbent, the flowering branches ascending. Leaves sparse, linear, entire, obtuse, herbaceous, soft, 13 by 2 mm. Heads crowded at the tops of the branches. Floral- leaves lance-linear. Pappus plumose. Branches 12 cm. long. S. Patagon., by Rio Gallegos. 15. N. MAGELLANICA Gmel. Stem ascending, closed with alternate, imbricate leaves, which are cuneate- oblong, pointed, deeply serrate. Spike simple, dense, terminal, invested with ovate, acute bracteoles. Exquisitely scented. Magellan. 1 6. N. MODESTA O. Hoffmann. (Mastigop/iorus.} Low, branching shrub, 10 cm., rooting at base. Leaves imbricate, suborbicular, amplexicaul, the limb deltoid, mucronate, entire, minutely silky-puberulous. Heads small, solitary, ending the short, few-leaved branches, sessile. Involucral scales 5, broad-elliptical, MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 88 1 mucronate, 3-nerved. Flowers 5, outer lip radiant. Achenes silky-villous. Pappus-pales 5, white-silky. S. Patagon., by Rio Guillermo (Nordenskjold). 17. NASSAUVIA MORENONIS O. Ktze. (Mastigophoms.} Densely cespitose herb, with thick, short, rooting branches, 2-3 cm. high. Leaves imbricate, amplexicaul, pilose-glabres- cent, deltoid, 2-3 mm. long, and basally as broad, apex obtuse, recurved, thick, entire or 2-toothed. Head solitary, sessile, terminal. Involucral scales 4, scarious, ovate, 2 mm. long, spinose-acuminate, with a reflexed point, denticulate, pilose ; with 2 linear, shorter bracteoles. Flowers 4-5, bilabiate. Papptis-setce 4, pilose, sublanceolate. Achene glabrous. Patagon. (M. & T.). 1 8. N. NIVALIS Poepp. Stem suffruticose, creeping, ascending, sparsely branching. Leaves imbricate its entire length, amplexicaul, broad-ovate, recurved at apex, rough below, smooth above, with parallel, impressed striae, entire. Heads in a subglobose glomerule, slightly exceeding the bracts. Achenes oblong, turbinate, glabrous. Pappus of i -seriate, linear pales. (Near N. serpens.} (S. Chili, at 2,500 m. elevation) ; S. Patagon., in Cordilleras, by Hatcher. 19. N. NORDENSKJOLDII O. Hoffmann. (Plate XXVIII, B.) Low, branching, glabrous shrub. Leaves closely imbricate, ovate, with a broad base, semiamplexicaul and soft-toothed, and spinose-toothed above. Heads glomerate at the end of the branches, each with a leafy bract. Involucral scales 2-3-seriate, 6-1 o sublanceolate, entire. Achenes glabrous. Pappus-pales 3-5, white, caducous. S. Fuegia, by Beagle Channel ; S. Patagon., in Valley of Rio Gallegos (Nordenskj.) ; and on volcanic rocks at high altitudes near head of Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz (Hatcher). 2O. N. PATAGONICA Speg. (Strongyloma.] Primary leaves linear-subulate, rigid, spinescent, at first erect-pubescent, afterwards spreading, glabrous. Secondary leaves minute, ovate, obtuse, sessile, sheathing, fascicled, and rosulate in the axils of the primaries. Heads in 2's or 3*5, sessile on the apex of the peduncles, 882 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. from axils of the primary leaves, i-2-flowered, the outer bracts spines- cent ; the inner appressed, unarmed. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge; Killik-Aike (Barnum Brown). 21. NASSAUVIA PUMILA Endl. & Poepp. Glabrous dwarf, cespitose, branching. Leaves rigid, apically recurved, imbricate, sessile, ovate, acute, ciliolate at the base, apically blackish and 3-toothed, the teeth denticulated. Heads sessile, terminal, crowded amid the leaves, 5-flowered. Invohicral scales scarious, apically black, the outer shorter and narrower. Achenes obovate. Pappus-pales 3-5, cadu- cous, longer than the achenes. Patagon., Chubut, in mountains; Fuegia, alpine above Ushuaia. 22. N. PYGM/EA Hook. f. (DC. sub Strongyloma; H. & A. phyllmn.} Shrubby, cespitose, glabrous. Leaves oval, acute, dentate-ciliate at their base, apically recurved. Heads crowded at the apex, intermixed with floral leaves. Pappus-pales 3-4. Magellan ; Fuegia, by Orange Harbor' and Blossom Bay. (As Tri- achne, save that its pappus is as Nassauvia puniila, DC. Prodr., vii, 50. " Like a starved specimen of A", gaudichaudii" J. D. H.) 23. N. PYRAMIDALIS Meyen. Glabrous, suffruticulose, branches strict. Leaves ovate, rigid at base, spinose-serrate, ending in a spinose point. Heads crowded in the upper- most axils, making an ovoid raceme ; lower bracts exceeding the heads. Receptacle naked. Near TV. macrantha DC, but differing by having the leaves ovate, not lanceolate, stem strict, heads glomerate. Patagon. ; Chili, by Rio Maipu (33° 5). N. PYRAMIDALIS ARACHNOIDEA O. Ktze. Leaves and shoots webby, but the sterile stems glabrous. Patagon., Lagos. 24. N. REMEYANA Wedd. Leaves crowded, linear-subulate, gradually attenuate from a dilated base, laxly spinulose-dentate, pubescent or glabrate. Heads solitary, MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITVE. 883 terminal, 4 cm. long. Pappus-seta linear, rather persisting. Leaf- borders armed with the sharp spines. S. Patagon., by Hatcher in Cordilleras. (Also a specimen in Gray Herb.) "Food of Rhea." (N. repens d'Urv. =N. serpens d'Urv.) 25. NASSAUVIA REVOLUTA Gill. (Nasscea.} Pubescent. Leaves ovate, revolute, spinulose-serrate, at length glabrate above ; costae numerous, impressed-parallel, round, con- tiguous. Heads in a roundish spike. Pappus I -seriate, of linear pales. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 348, B.) (Argentina) ; S. Patagon., at Cerro Toro (Nordenskj.). 26. N. ROSULATA Ball. (H. & A. sub Acanthophyllum.} (Strongyloma.] Dwarf, cespitose, branching from the base. Leaves woolly ; primary leaves broad-subulate, amplexicaul, spinescent ; secondary very short and obtuse, concave, rosulate, densely covering the lower part of the stem. Heads subglomerate, the lateral shortly peduncled. Beautiful plants, the secondary leaves forming rosiiles in the axils of the primaries, which they soon obliterate, so as entirely to clothe the old parts of the stem. "A stunted shrub." "It is used to make combs for the Indian women." Patagon., by Puerto Deseado, and northward; Chubut. 27. N. SCLERANTHOIDES O. Hoffmann. Low, branching shrub, the branches prostrate. Leaves imbricate, appressed-silky, from a short, broad, amplexicaul sheath, suddenly atten- uate to a spreading, linear, entire limb, with thick edge and pungent tip. Heads solitary on ends of short axillary branches. Involucral scales, outer 3-4, short, ovate ; inner longer and narrower ; all appressed-silky, hyaline-edged and mucronate. Flowers 4-6. Achenes villous. Pappus- Pales 3, white, caducous. (Mastigophorus, with habit of the section Strongyloma. ) Patagon., at Puerto Madryn (Dusen). 884 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 28. NASSAUVIA SERPENS d'Urv. Stem suffruticose, 30-60 cm. high, creeping, sparingly branching. Leaves along its whole length imbricate, amplexicaul, broad-ovate, serrate, acute, suberect or recurved, coriaceous, parallel-striate, more or less silky. Heads 4-5-flowered, sessile at the leaf-like bracts, in a large, dense, ovate glome- rule. Achenes glabrous. Pappus-setce 4-5. Falklands; "abundant in the streams of stones; sending its brittle stems, several fathoms long, down through the rocks to the underlying soil." S. and W. Patagon., in upper valley of Rio Aysen (Dusen). 29. N. SPINOSA Don. (Panargyrus.} Stem fruticulose, ascending. Branches velvety. Leaves crowded at the base, distant upwards, oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid, den- tate, spinose, hoary-villous, becoming smooth. Heads racemed at the end of the branches, the lower a little distant and axillary, above crowded and shortly pedicelled. Pappus i -seriate. (Chili) ; Patagon., common by Rio Gallegos and Rio Sta. Cruz. 30. N. STRUTHIONUM (Phil, sub Strongylomd]. Low, cespitose shrub. Leaves of fertile branches sessile, imbricate, ovate-triangular, acute, coriaceous, apically recurved ; those of the sterile branches form a cucullate base ending in a long spine. Heads terminal, solitary. Pales linear. S. Patagon., by Lago Pinto ; Fuegia, Punta Anegada. Favorite food of rhea. 31. N. SUAVEOLENS Willd. Stem herbaceous, erect, simple. Leaves cuneate, ovate, coarsely and acutely incised, subspinescent at the apex, villous beneath. Heads in a terminal, ovate glomerulus ; bracts villous, exceeding the heads. S. Patagon. ; Magellan ; S. Fuegia to near Cape Horn. 32. N. SUBSPINOSA (Phil, sub Panargyrus]. Low, subcespitose herb, glabrous or arachnoid-silky. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, pungent, armed at both margins with a spiny tooth. Floral leaves similar, but often entire. Heads crowned at tops of the branches. Pappus not plumose. (Chili) ; Fuegia; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at head of Rio Chico. MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 885 33. NASSAUVIA ULICINA (Hook. f. sub Trianthus}. Woody, depressed, glabrous. Leaves subulate, pungent, spreading-re- curved, imbricating and sheathing at the base. Heads solitary at the ends of the branches, about 3-flowered. Involucral scales few. Achenes villous. Pappus of 3-5 pales. Patagon. 75. TRIPTILION Ruiz & Pav. Annual or perennial, erect herbs, with rather small, 3-5 flowered heads in terminal corymbs, or occasionally solitary ; flowers all hermaphrodite. Involucre ovoid or oblong, its scales few, acute, the inner 5 subequal and erect. Receptacle small, nearly naked. Corollas bilabiate. Antliers connate-tailed. Achenes obovoid, papillose. Pappus of 4-5 caducous pales. Leaves scattered, often spinose-toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers blue or white. Species 7, Chili to Patagon. Differs from Nassauvia chiefly in habit. TRIPTILION DUSENII O. Hoffm., n. sp. (Plate XXX, E.)1 Low, erect, slender, annual, branching from the base or upwards, hispid, with short hairs. Leaves small, appressed strigulose, sessile, with a broad base ; oblong in outline, pinnately 5-cleft, with linear rachis, and short, subacute segments. Floral leaves lanceolate, entire. Heads crowded at ends of stem and branches, or solitary on the lower branches, pediceled, the upper sessile. Involucral scales oblong, acute, green, with white, hyaline margin, apically pubescent, about 5-nerved, subcarinate. Flowers slightly exsert. Corolla (dry) white ; pappus snowy. Plant, including the root, 6-7 cm. high. Largest leaves, 9 mm. long, inclusive of their dentiform segments, 2^ mm. broad, rachis \y2 mm. broad. Heads 6 mm., invohicre 4 mm. high. S. Chili; Los Angeles. Coll. Dusen, Jan. 29, 1896 (n. 214). 1 TRIPTILION DUSENII O. Hoffm., n. sp. Annua gracilis humilis erecta a basi vel superne ramosa, pilis brevibus hispida, foliis parvis appresse strigulosis, basi lata sessilibus, ambitu oblongis, pinnatim 5-fidis, rhachi lineari, segmentis brevibus acutis vel subobtusis, latitudine circiter quartam rhacheos partem aequantibus ; foliis floralibus lanceolatis integris ; capitulis ad apices caulis et ramorum glomeratis vel ad ramos inferiores solitariis, plus minus evidenter pedicellatis, superioribus sessilibus, involucri squamis oblongis acutis viridibus, margine albo-hyalino cinctis, apicem versum pubescentibus pluri- (ca. 5-) nerviis, nervo mediano crassiore subcarinatis, floribus paulum exsertis, corollis (e sicco) albis ; pappo niveo. 886 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. Allied to Tr. euphrasiodes Bert., a species doubtfully pronounced peren- nial by De Candolle, and enumerated among the perennial forms by Philippi; but, according to the specimens in the Berlin Herbarium, annual. Its leaves, however, are petiolate, and more pinnately parted, and its lobes may be 12, as against 2 in our plant. Tr. andinum Phil., very similar in habit, is distinguished by the spinose bracts and leaf-segments. 76. STRONGYLOMOPSIS Speg. Habit, head and flowers as Nassauvia, Sec. Strongyloma; but pappus none. S. FUEGIANA Speg. Perennial, loosely cespitose, the branches suberect, short. Leaves nearly isomorphous, elongate, linear-subulate, trigonous, acute. Pleads sessile at ends of the branches, mostly solitary. Involucral scales usually 6-seriate, glabrous, the three outer small. Flowers 5, corollas bilabiate, white ; achenes silky-pubescent. Golfo de S. Sebastian, E. Fuegia. Stems woody, tortuose. Habit of N. (Strong.} patagonica Speg. 77. AMEGHINOA Speg. (Allied to Nassauvia.'] Head discoid, equal-flowered ; flowers numer- ous, hermaphrodite, fertile. Invohicre campanulate ; its scales about i- seriate, with a few outer and shorter additional. Receptacle naked, alveo- late. Corolla bilabiate, the outer lip 3-toothed ; the inner narrowly 2-toothed. Anthers with a scarious, lanceolate, inferior appendage, atten- uate-petiolate, as long as itself, basi-sagittate, and produced in bar- bellate tails nearly as long. Style-branches short, terete, truncate. Achenes subturbinate, costate, truncate above. Pappus-seta i -seriate, denticulate. A small shrub, with subcoriaceous, dentate or lobed, spinulose leaves. Heads partly corymbed at the tops of the branches, briefly peduncled or sessile. Corollas ochroleucous. Achenes puberulo-hispid. Only one species, viz. : A. PATAGONICA Speg. Branching shrub, nearly i meter high. Leaves subsessile, broad-ovate, pinnately lobed ; the lobes entire, spinulose-mucronate, more or less laxly MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 887 and minutely glandular-hispid. Bracts lanceolate, acute, carinate, dor- sally glandular-pulverulent. S. Patagon., by Rio Deseado. 78. LASIORRHIZA Lag. (1811. Leucheria Lag., same date, but without species. Leuceria, Auct. Chabrcza DC, 1812.) Heads homogamous, radiatiform, or flowers subequal. Involucre broad, its scales few-seriate, imbricate, lanceolate, herbaceous, the inner apically scarious. Receptacle naked or with few pales near its border. Corollas bilabiate. Anthers with long tails ; style-branches truncate. Pappus-setce i -seriate, united at base. Achenes obovoid or oblong, papillose or finely villous, the ribs not prominent. Herbs more or less woolly. Leaves often radical. Heads mid-sized and panicled, or larger and solitary on scapes, purple or pink to white. (The Patagonian forms have the heads usually solitary.) Species 60, in Andes and extratrop. parts of S. Amer. to Patagon., Fuegia and Falklands. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Stems developed. b. Subglabrous, branching. Leaves bipinnatifid, segments linear ; upper leaves simpler. Heads long-stalked. anthemidi folia. &2. Sparsely hairy. Leaves pinnatipartite, the upper sessile segments rounded. Heads large. suaveolens. b$. Woolly. c. Stem simple. d. Leaves bipinnatifid ; segments ovate. achillceifolia. dz. Cauline leaves broad-lanceolate. gossypina. d$. Stems many from a rhizome. Lower leaves linear or broader. Flowers red. hahnii. d^. Stems many scapiform. Leaves lyrate to spatulate, toothed, etc. Heads small ; flowers white. gradlis. cz. Stems low. d. Cauline leaves linear, bipinnatifid. Flowers white. ' ibari. d2. Leaves pinnatifid-incised to spatulate. Bract half-way on the scape. Flowers white to pink. lanata. d$. Branches crowded, leafy. Leaves ovate, cleft. Head subsessile. Icontopodiodes. EIFOLIA (Hook. & Arn., sub Leuceria]. Stem slender, 15-20 cm. high, dichotomously branching, puberulous. Leaves remote, bipinnatifid, the segments small, ovate, obtuse, their axils and rachis rather woolly. Invohicre campanulate, its scales linear-oblong, obtuse, tuberulous. Ligules oblong. Patagon., at Puerto Deseado. 2. L. ANTHEMIDIFOLIA (Phil., sub. Leitceria] O. Ktze. Low perennial to 25 cm. high, branching from the base, rather gla- brous, glandular. Leaves of linear outline, bipinnatifid,' the segments linear, entire or incised, acute. Lowest leaves long petioled, the upper sessile and gradually simpler, lastly linear bracts. Heads with rather long peduncles ; involucral scales dorsally and apically glandular ; the inner with scarious sides. Patagon., near Lago Pinto. 3. L. CANDIDISSIMA (Gill. & Don., sub. Leuceria]. Stemless, with snowy wool. Leaves incised pinnatifid ; the lobes, 5 pairs, ovate-oblong, acute, entire, and a terminal 3-lobed part. Scape nearly naked, i -headed. (Chili; Argent); S. Patagon., by head of Rio Chico (J. B. Hatcher, Feb. 9, 1897); Fuegia. (Fuegian specimens are lower, with fewer lobes of leaves and less deeply cut ; often like L. hahni, having some entire rad1 ical leaves. Speg.) 4. L. FUEGINA (DC., sub Chabrcea] O. Ktze. Stemless, arachnoid-woolly. Leaves erect, the lowest pinnatifid, but most oblanceolate, attenuate to a long petiole, entire. Pedtmcles radical, nearly leafless, i -headed. Involucral scales rather obtuse. Ligules pink. Near L. candidissima}. (Chili) ; Patagon. ; E. and N. Fuegia ; Magellan (Dusen). MACLOSKIE I COMPOSIT/E. 5. LASORRHIZA GOSSYPINA (H. & A., sub Lettceria}. Densely woolly. Stem simple, leafy, i -flowered. Radical leaves? Cauline leaves very broad-lanceolate, acuminate, rather naked upwards. Invohtcre campanulate, its scales oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, nearly as long as the flowers. Ligules oblong. Falklands. 6. L. GRACILIS (Alboff, sub Lencerid]. (DC, sub Chabrcea.} Green, 16-30 cm. high, with many stems, slender, scapiform, having 1-3 narrow, linear bracts, or bractless, sparsely woolly or hairy. Leaves slender, membranaceous, lyrate or spatulate, entire or sparingly toothed, or pinnately incised or partite. Heads rather small, slender, with white flowers. Fuegia, valley of Olivaia on Beagle Channel. 7. L. HAHNII (Franchet, sub Lettceria}. Rhizome thick, many-stemmed, covered by black remains of leaves. Plant white-woolly. Stems, 30 cm. high, i -headed, nearly naked above. floral leaves linear or oblong-spatulate, attenuate-petiolate, petiole widen- ing below. Head 20 mm. in diameter. Involucral scales 2-seriate, outer obtuse, inner acutish. Receptacle naked. Flowers bilabiate, subequal, bright red. Achenes scabrid. Pappus of white barbellate hairs, rufous at tip. Fuegia, Beagle Channel, at Lapataia and Ushuaia; S. Patagon., at head of Rio Chico (Hatcher, Feb. n). 8. L. HOFFMANNI (Dusen, sub Leuceria}. Low, 4-5 cm., woolly. Leaves radical, rosulate, pinnatifid; their seg- ments 6-8, oblong, elliptical, imbricate, the uppermost at least incised; sheaths exceeding the laminae, 5-7-striate, woolly-margined. Scapes in pairs, as long as the leaves, i -headed, with 1-2 linear leaves. Heads hemispherical. Bracts 2-seriate, acute, 3-nerved, woolly on the outside. Rays black-purple, linear, cochleate-revolute. Achene papillous. Pappus snow-white. S. Patagon., Cerro-peliki, to 500 m. of elevation. (O. Nordenskjold.) 890 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. 9. LASIORRHIZA IBARI (Phil., sub Leticeria). Perennial, with low stem, corymbosely branching, base and petioles white-woolly. Basal leaves? Cauline leaves, linear in outline, bipinnat- ifid, the lower semiamplexicaul. Heads very shortly pediceled. Invo- Incral scales, gland-puberulous, purplish at margins. Corollas white. S. Patagon., at Rio Sta. Cruz; Chubut 10. L. LANATA (Alboff, sub Leucerid). Low, 8-12 cm., woolly, very variable. Leaves varying as to woolli- ness, deeply pinnatifid-incised, or pinnatifid, or lyrate, or spatulate. Scape low, white, with a linear bract half-way up. Ligules exceeding the invo- lucre, white to deep pink. Fuegia, heights above Ushuaia. Allied to L. purpurea, and L. candidissima, and L. fuegina; all may form a single species. ii. L. LANIGERA (O. Hoffmann, sub Leucerid]. Low, 7 cm., woolly, bearing few, short, leafy stems. Cauline leaves pinnatipartite, segments 4 pairs, short-elliptical, entire (or the upper incised), imbricate, the sheath longer than .the lamina, many-striate, webby ; lower leaves with smaller lamina. Peduncles solitary, as long as the leaves. Heads mid-size, with yellow-red, linear-oblong rays. Involucre hemispherical, its scales i-2-seriate, oblong, acute, the outer webby, nerves 3, dark. Achenes granulate. Pappus snow-white. S. Patagon., Cerro-paliki, at 450 m. elevation (O. Nordenskjold). 12. L. LEONTOPODIOIDES O. Ktze. Perennial, low, 15 cm., woolly, with crowded, leafy branches. Leaves hidden in wool, with lamina 5 mm. long, ovate, 6-8-cleft ; petiole 25 mm., its base sheathing. Head solitary, terminal, subsessile, campanulate, 10 mm. high by 15 mm. broad. Involucral scales 2-seriate, lanceolate. Flowers bilabiate, the outer ligulate. Achenes narrow-turbinate, verru- cose. Receptacle naked. Pappus-setce many. S. Patagon., at Cerro Toro. 13. L. PATAGONICA (Speg. sub Leucerid]. Stemless. Leaves all radical, rosulate, lance-linear, entire, subacute, densely webby and white-woolly. Scape woolly, exceeding the leaves; MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 891 simply i -headed. Involucre i-2-seriate. Ray-flowers exceeding the disk, with no chaff between the outer flowers. S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine ; E. Fuegia (Dusen). 14. LASORRHIZA PURPUREA (DC. sub Chabrcea ; H. & A. sub Leuceria]. Stemless, with woolly base, scape and petioles. Leaves pinnatisect, their segments about 7 pairs, distant, 3-lobed. Scape i -headed. Ray of ligulate purple flowers. N. and E. Fuegia, Magellan., Patagon., by Hatcher in valley of Rio Sta. Cruz, January 16. "Chiefly in the steppe-region." (See L. lanata.} 15. L. SCROBICULATA (DC. sub ChabrcBo]. Stemless, green and woolly. Leaves deeply pinnatifid, their lobes 3- lobulated, decussate-imbricate. Scape nearly naked, i -headed ; it and involucre laxly woolly. Flowers nearly white to deep pink. (Chili); S. Patagon., in valley of Rio Sta. Cruz, 100 miles (160 km.) above its mouth. 1 6. L. STRICTA (Phil, sub Leuceria.'] Perennial ; stem strict, hirtellous, with very short, glandular hairs. Leaves above green, subglabrous, underneath webby-tomentose and hoary ; radical leaves . . . ; lower, cauline leaves oblong-linear in outline, pinnatifid, with narrow segments, long-acuminate, entire or few-toothed, basally much narrowed, with small, semi-amplexicaul auricles ; auricle of upper leaves broader than the rest of the leaf, generally orbicular and spiny-toothed ; uppermost leaves minute, consisting of a very broad auricle and a tip. Branches of corymb i-2-flowered. Involucral scales very lax, 12 mm. long, their apex glabrous. Ligules blue (?), with their tube 15 mm. long. Head broad, 28 mm. diam. W. Patagon., by Rio Palena; corymbs with 10-12 heads. Chubut, "My specimens have more heads in the corymb, the heads smaller and the stems thicker; approaching L. magna (?)," Speg. 17. L. SUAVEOLENS (DC. sub Chabrcza}. Very woolly. Stem simple, leafy, i -headed. Leaves pinnately parted, the lower petiolate, the upper sessile and semi-amplexicaul ; their lobes subrotund, entire. Heads large, 35 mm. in diameter, long-rayed. Involu- 892 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. cral scales sublinear, immersed in wool, which abounds at top of the thickened scape. (Fig. 1 06.) Falklands ; ornamental on grassy hills, and fragrant. 79. PEREZIA Lag. Acaulescent, cespitose, or caulescent, rarely shrubby ; with entire or pinnatifid leaves, their margins often ciliate-spinose. Heads homoga- motis, mostly many-flowered, moderate-sized, sometimes rather large and solitary on a leafless, bracteolate, scape-like peduncle, or panicled, (Chabrad) suaveo- rarely clustered on axillary branches. Involucre .— Flower-head, and one of the 2-many-seriate, its scales imbricating. Flowers flowers. (From Flora antarctica.') pink to purple, white or blue (not yellow), the outer lip longer both in the head and in the homochromous ray. Style- branches truncate, with terminal hairs. Receptacle plane, naked or pilose. Fruit not beaked, papillose or hairy. Pappus setose, several-seriate. (Section Clarioncea, with glabrous receptacle ; and section Homoianthns, with hairy-fimbrilliferous receptacle.) Species 75, from Arizona and Texas to Patagon.; most in the Andes, a few in S. Brazil. KEY TO THE SPECIES. A, Erect. Stem or its branches i -headed. b. Glabrous. c. Leaves lanceolate, entire, petiolate. The cauline sessile, cordate-sagittate. lactucoides. c2. Leaves linear, with marginal spines ; the upper sparse, erect. linearis, ^•3. Leaves pinnatisect, lobes spiny-tipped. Cauline linear, and spiny. lecJilcri. l>2. Pubescent upwards. Leaves chiefly basal, pinnatisect, the segments mucronate. Head nodding, blue. pcdiculariafolia. A2. Erect ; heads few. Leaves pinnatipartite ; lobes ovate. Involucre scales short. brachylepis. A$. Ascending. Leaves sessile. Flowers blue. b. Leaves linear, entire, apically white-mucronate. Scapes with broad leaves. patagonica. 62. Leaves broad-linear, recurved, with marginal spines. Peduncle nearly naked. recurvata. A^. Cespitose perennial, glabrous, with wool on the petioles. Leaves narrow-linear, entire. Heads sessile amid the upper leaves, white. sessiliflora. MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 893 A$. Glandular. Stems scapiform. b. Leaves spatulate, toothed. Scape i-2-leaved. Head rather large, lilac, wegalantha. b2. Basal leaves pectinate, sessile. Scape with a broad bract and others smaller. Flowers pink. oleracea. £3. Basal leaves pinnatipartite, the lobes entire, spiniferous. Outer flowers long-radiant. . magellanica. A6. Dwarf, chiefly glabrous. b. Leaves subulate, rigid, pungent ; the axils woolly. lanigera. b2. Leaves pinnatisect, rigid ; lobes spiny-tipped ; petiole and involucral scales setiferous. Flowers blue. pilifera. £3. Subfruticose. Leaves oval, acute, sessile, spiny-toothed. Heads terminal, crowded. pygmcea. i. PEREZIA BRACHYLEPIS Phil. Stem erect, few-leaved, with few heads, scarcely scabrous. Leaves thin, the basal pinnatipartite, lobes ovate, broadly adnate at their base, sinuate- dentate. Cauline leaves auricled-amplexicaul, gradually becoming sim- pler. Involucral scales rather short, linear, rounded-acute. Valdivian Andes. Plant 60 cm. high, the involucre only 1 1 mm. Chubut Mts. " Here with scales of the involucre slightly pubescent." (Speg.). 2. P. LACTUCOIDES Less. (Homoiantkus magellanicus DC.) Glabrous, with simple, erect, leafy stem, i -headed ; to 60 cm. high. Leaves entire, radical ones petiolate, lanceolate ; cauline semiamplexicaul, cordate-sagittate, oblong-lanceolate. Involucral scales 3-seriate, laxly imbricate, ovate, acuminate, their margin finely denticulate, fimbriate. S. Patagon., at Cabo Negro ; Magellan ; E. and S. Fuegia. (Dusen.) "Two plants of different sizes are included in this; except however in size I am unable to distinguish them." (J. D. Hooker.) 3. P. LANIGERA Hook. & Arn. Dwarf, nearly stemless, scarcely 25 mm. high, cespitose. Leaves ex- ceeding the stem, subulate, rigid, pungent, the margin revolute, glabrous, entire, their base dilated-amplexicaul ; their axils woolly. Involucral scales oblong, mucronate, all entire. S. Patagon., by Puerto Deseado. 4. P. LECHLERI (Sch. Bip., sub Clarionced] Phil. Elegant, glabrous perennial, 3-5 cm. high, having a rhizome with long fibres, the basal leaves rosulate, very numerous, pinnatisect, their lobes 894 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. oblong-lanceolate, entire or i -toothed, ending in a whitish, strong spine. Petiole broad, ciliate. Stems 1-4, i -headed, scarcely exceeding the leaves, bearing linear, ciliate-spinose leaves. Heads showy. Involucre hemispherical ; its scales oblong-lanceolate, greenish-blue, margins scari- ous-white, apex "pungent, yet snowy. Receptacle small, naked. Achenes silky. Pappus sordid. Magellan, Punta Arenas. 5. PEREZIA LINEARIS Less. Stem erect, simple, i -headed, or with many-leaved, i -headed branches. Leaves coriaceous, linear, acute, glabrous, rigidly and equally ciliate on margin; the lowest crowding, spreading; the upper sparse, erect. Invo- lucral scales 3-4-seriate, imbricate, the outer ones rigidly and regularly ciliate, as are the leaves, the innermost marginally ciliate. (S. Chili, on ground amidst rocks on the mountains) ; W. Patagon., in upper valley of Rio Aysen, and N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi (Dusen) ; Chubut, amid dry, hilly rocks. 6. P. MAGELLANICA (Linn, f.) Lag. (DC. sub Clarioncea.} Radical leaves, pinnately parted, the parts entire, ciliolate, ovate, the terminal subrotund. Stem scapiform, 2-3-leaved, pilose-glandular, with solitary, terminal head. Involucral scales 2-seriate, the outer short, spread- ing. Outer flowers long-radiant. W. Patagon. ; E. and W. Magellan ; Fuegia to Cape Horn ; Staaten I. 7- P. MEGALANTHA Speg. (Clarioncea.} Stemless, glandular-hispid. Rootstock branching. Rad- ical leaves 30-40 mm. long, spatulate, toothed. Scape much exceeding the leaves, i— 2-leaved, simply i -headed. Head hemispherical-campan- ulate, rather large. Involucral scales several-seriate, membranaceous, pubescent. Corolla lilac. S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine ; Valley of Rio Gallegos. 8. P. OLERACEA O. Ktze. Glandular-hairy. Radical-leaves rosulate, pectinate, sessile, 5 by 2 cm. Scape 10 cm. high, bearing a cordate-ovate acute bract remote from the solitary, terminal head, and 2-3 broader, smaller, more lacerate, approx- imate bracts. Head very large, 3 cm. broad, 4 cm. high. Involucral MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 895 scales not spinose, several-seriate, the outer green, lacerate, broader than long, the inner narrowing. Flowers pink, all bilabiate, outer lip larger, 3- toothed, inner much smaller, 2-parted. Achenes young, silky, strigose. Papptis-setce numerous, yellow, scabrid, 15 mm. long. ("Involucre as in Cirsium oleraceum."} Patagon (M. & T.). 9. PEREZ i A PATAGONICA Speg. (Homoianthus.] Cespitose-effuse, prostrate-ascending, 1-6 cm. high. Leaves imbricate, linear, amplexicaul, thick, entire, revolute, white-mucro- nate apically. Scapes erect, long, with 3-5 ovate-cordate leaves, margin- ally uncinate-ciliolate. Head solitary, campanulate, outer invohicral scales like the leaves of the scape, recurved-denticulate ; inner scales lanceolate, straight, acute, spinescent. Flowers blue. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge; on maritime dunes near mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz. IO. P. PEDICULARL-EFOLIA LeSS. Rhizome thick. Stem simple, striate, 10 cm. high, pubescent upwards, \-headed. Leaves crowded at base, few upwards, pinnatisect, segments and teeth mucronate. Head nodding. Involucre turbinate-campanulate ; its scales few-seriate, shorter than the flowers, acuminate. Corolla blue, outer lips oblong-elliptical. Pappus yellow. Achenes yellow-villous. (Chili); Patagon.? ii. P. PILIFERA (Don. sub Clarionced). Stem short, 3-5 cm., \-headed. Leaves subradical, pinnatisect, glabrous, rigid, the lobes lanceolate, undivided or 2-lobed, ending in a long seta, petiole broad, bristly ciliate. Involucre cylindrical, its scales scarious- margined, produced into a seta, the outer spreading. Flowers blue. (Chili); S. Patagon. ; Fuegia, passim ; heights above Ushuaia ; "chiefly in the steppe-region and with Azorella glebaria." (Dusen.) 12. P. PYGM^EA (Cass. sub Triachne) Hook. f. Small, 5 cm. high, subwoody. Leaves sessile, imbricate, oval, acute, coriaceous, at base toothed-ciliate, apically recurved. Heads terminal, crowded ; involucre-scales numerous, mucronate. Fuegia, on mountain-top, near Blossom Bay. 896 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. 13. PEREZIA RECURVATA (Vahl) Less. (Homoianthus echinulatus Cass.) (Plate XXIX.) Stem ascending, glabrous, densely leafy, the leaves semi-amplexicaul, broad-linear, recurved, with spines beneath. Peduncle nearly naked, or with scattered bracts, \-headed. Involucral scales 3-seriate, the outer spinulose-toothed. Flowers light blue. To 30 cm. high, the peduncle being half of this, or shorter. (Fruit scarcely hairy, but finely papillose. G. M.) (Chili; Argentina); Patagon., by Hatcher at Cabo Negro and in the Cordilleras ; Fuegia, on Beagle Channel, and passim ; Navarin I. ; Magel- lan ; Falklands. "One of the most interesting plants of the Falkland Islands, from the very sweet scent of its large, pale-blue flowers, which have been compared to Jessamine and the Violets. It generally grows near the sea in rocky places." (J. D. Hooker.) 14. P. SESSILIFLORA Speg. (Homoianthus.] Cespitose perennial. Branches short, imbricating, leafy. Leaves glabrous, narrow-linear, not spreading, sessile, -dilated into a periclad, with long, cottony wool underneath, scarcely mucronulate, margin revolute, entire. Heads solitary, sessile amid the upper leaves. Involu- cral scales ovate-lanceolate, spinulose-mucronulate. Flowers 10—12, white. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Rio Deseado ; Rio Sta. Cruz ; in upper valley of Rio Gallegos (Nordenskj.). 80. HYPOCHCERIS Linn. Usually perennial herbs, with scapose, often branching stems, and basal leaves, pinnatifid to entire ; the scapes with few, small leaves or none. Heads mostly large, long-peduncled. Flowers yellow. Invohicral bracts many-seriate, appressed. Receptacle chaffy. Anthers sagittate. Style- branches obtusish. Achenes lo-ribbed, more or less beaked. Pappus plumose. Species 50, Eurasia and S. Amer.; i naturalized in N. Amer. (Sec. Achyrophorus, once deemed a genus, having a seriate pappus, includes most of the S. American forms.) MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITVE. 897 KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Stem leafy, i -headed. Leaves fleshy, subentire. Involucre-scales lanceolate, acute. brasiliensis. A2. Stem branching. Leaves long-lanceolate, pinnatifid. b. Involucral scales linear, blackish. apargioides. b2. Outer involucral scales obtuse, reddish. tenerifolia. A$. Stem simple, i-headed. Leaves mostly radical; also bract-like, cauline leaves. b. Radical leaves short, acute, entire. Involucral scales black, woolly. paluslris. 62. Radical leaves sublanceolate to pinnatifid. c. Involucre campanulate. Scape tall. arenaria. c2. Involucral scales obtuse, woolly. Head largish. philippii. A^. Stem simple, I -headed. Leaves radical. b. Leaves narrow-linear, subentire. c. Involucral scales large, mealy at base. hookeri. c2. Involucral scales webby, setose. Stem villous. ibari. b2. Leaves narrow-linear, pungent, pinnatifid, golden. incana. £3. Leaves long-linear, glabrous. Flowers white. leucantha. 64. Leaves lanceolate, sinuate-dentate. Head large. odorata. b$. Leaves linear. Involucral scales linear-lanceolate, rough. coronopifolia. 66, Leaves grass-like, filiform to broad-linear, sometimes pinnatifid. Involucral scales acu- minate, webby. tenuifolia. i. HYPOCHCERIS APARGIOIDES (Less.) Gris. Stem branching, glabrous or subhispid ; branches rough under the heads. Leaves radical, hispidulous, long-lanceolate, pinnatifid ; their lobes acuminate or obtuse, the uppermost linear, entire. Involucral scales blackish, hispidulous, linear, obtuse or subacuminate. (Chili) : N. Patagon., near Rawson, at mouth of Rio Chubut; S. Patagon. A form with the outer involucral scales broader, and the leaves less divided, is found in Chili, and by Buenos Ayres, and may be in N. Patagon. 2. H. ARENARIA Gaud. Sparingly hispid, or smooth ; root long, its neck 1—3 parted. Leaves radical linear-obovate, lanceolate, long-petiolate, obtuse or acuminate, sinuate-dentate or pinnatifid. Scape exceeding the leaves, naked or with 1-2 minute leaves, with i terminal head. Involucre campanulate, its scales tomentose to glabrate, the outer sparsely hispid-pilose. (Chili) ; S. Patagon., in valley of Rio Baguales (Nordenskj.), Cabo Negro (Hatcher): Magellan: Falklands ; S. Fuegia, by Ushuaia, "rather glabrous with leaves oboval-lanceolate, entire, or runcinate-pinnatifid, PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. dentate or incised." (Alboff.) At Killikaike, Rio Gallegos (Barnum Brown) ; style-branches large, clavate, dark-brown in this (G. M.). 3. HYPOCHCERIS BRASILIENSIS Griseb. (Achyrophoruschondrilloides^-ay.} Glaucescent, glabrous, root fusiform. Stem leafy, strict, i -headed. Peduncles elongated. Leaves fleshy, linear-lanceolate, entire or obso- letely toothed ; the upper subamplexicaul. Invohicral scales lanceolate, acute. N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. 4. H. CORONOPIFOLIA (Sch. Bip. sub Achyrophorus, 1855). Root cylindric. Stem exceeding the leaves, squamose, glabrous or with sparing, fugacious, white toment, i -headed. Leaves radical, linear, sub- dentate, glabrous to tomentose. Involucral scales imbricate, linear-lan- ceolate, hispid underneath. Flowers golden. Achenes nearly beakless. A small bract midway on the stem. S. Patagon., by Hatcher ; S. Fuegia, at Lapataia on Beagle Chan. Magellan (specimen in Gray Herb., along with another specimen from Golden-gate Park, Calif.). Identification verified by Prof. B. L. Robinson of the Gray Herbarium. (" This and H. tenuifolia are mere varieties of H. variegata of Baker." Speg.) H. variegata Sch. Bip., 1859, of Argentina, is a synonym. See H. tenuifolia. 5. H. HOOKERI .Phil. Webby. Leaves glabrous, radical, erect, as long as the i -headed scape, narrowly linear, entire or with a few setiform teeth. Involucral scales large, mealy tomentose at base ; the inner narrow, acuminate. (Chili) ; Patagon. (M. & T.) 6. H. IBARI Ph. (Achyrophorus}. Stem solitary, \-headed, villous, leafless. Leaves narrow-linear, entire or few-toothed. Invohicral scales densely webby, dorsally setose, black- green, acuminate. Pales broad at base, somewhat toothed, and then narrow. S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz ; Magellan. MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 899 7. HYPOCHCERIS INCANA Hook & Arn. (Achyrophorus]. Hoary, with deciduous tomentum. The golden radical leaves narrowly linear, subulate-pungent, pinnatifid. Scape leafless, i -headed. (S. Amer. at San Julian); S. Patagon., by Rio Gallegos; and Rio Sta. Cruz. 8. H. LEUCANTHA (Speg. sub Achyrophorus}. Leaves all radical, long-linear, 12-24 mm- long, acute, attenuate below, i -nerved, entire, glabrous. Scapes simple, i -headed, exceeding the leaves, glabrous below, white webby above, with few prickles. Head campanu- late. Involucral scales lance-linear, narrow, obtuse, white-webby on the margin, dorsally obscure, green, i -nerved, costate with prickles in the costa. Corolla white; anthers rose-white. Style-branches connivent, exsert, black-purple. Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Rio Chubut. 9. H. MAGELLANICA (Schultz, sub Achyrophorus\ (Perhaps a variety of H. tenuifolia.} 10. H. ODORATA (Walp. sub Achyrophorus.} Stem solitary, simple, leafless, setose-hispid. Leaves lanceolate, sinu- ate-dentate, both sides smooth, villous at the mid-rib, margin scabrid. Head large. Involucre with outer scales, setose-hispid, gradually shorter, imbricate. Pappus plumose, having about 20 equal, with or without intermediate shorter, setae. (Chili), Patagon. (?) n. H. PALUSTRIS (Phil, sub Achyrophonts). Glabrous. Stem erect, simple, \-headed, nearly leafless. Radical leaves short, acute, gradually attenuate below, subsessile, entire. Catiline leaves linear-subulate, crowded under the involucre, which is blackish, woolly ciliate externally, scarcely hispidulous on the back of the scales. Achenes shortly rostrate. Pales of receptacle long, with long awns. N. Patagon., by Valdivia; N. Fuegia. (Dusen.) 12. H. PHILIPPII O. Ktze. (H. grandiflora Phil., non Led.) Root simple. Leaves chiefly rosulate, glabrous or sometimes ciliate, linear-lanceolate, and entire, or oblong, or pinnatifid, with obtuse seg- 900 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. ments. Scape little exceeding the subulate leaves, webby above, \-headed. Involucral scales moderately large, numerous, oblong-linear, obtuse, basally floccose, truncate, without setae. Ligules twice as long. Fruit? (Argentina.) HYPOCHCERIS PHILIPPII GLABRESCENS O. Ktze. Involucral scales broader, glabrescent, the lower ovate. Patagon (M. & T.). 13. H. TENERIFOLIA. (Remy, sub Achyrophorus.} Stem nearly simple, over 30 cm., glabrous, except at the apex. Rad- ical leaves of lance-linear outline, attenuate to a long petiole, weak, pin- natifid, with narrow, oblique lobes ; cauline subentire. Invohtcral outer scales obtuse, pilose with reddish exterior; inner membranaceous- margined. Valdivia; Chiloe; S. Fuegia (Dusen). 14. H. TENUIFOLIA (DC. Prodr. sub Achyrophorus, 1838) Gris. Glabrous or subarachnoid. Stem simple. Leaves grass-like, radical, filiform to linear-lanceolate, entire or sinuate, or pinnatifid, segments linear. Scape i -headed. Involucre ovate-campanulate ; its scales linear to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, webby and basally hispid. Variable. S. Patagon., Magellan ; Elizabeth I. (See note under H. coronopifolia. Accepting Spegazzini's view, we have H. temnfolia DC. as the species, with varieties coronopifolia and variegata.] 81. TARAXACUM Hall. (1768. Linn, sub Leontodon 1753.) Herbs, with milky juice and radical, toothed to runcinate-pinnatifid leaves. Scapes leafless, with i, rarely 2-3 heads, which are midsize to large, yellow. Involucre campanulate to oblong, with i -seriate, erect scales (changing in fruit), and several-seriate, shorter outer scales, usually recurved. Achenes oblong, 4-5-angled, apically muricate and rostrate, supporting the copious, slender, capillary pappus. Species 40, in north-temperate and cold climate ; few in south-temper- ate, rarely in the tropics. (Fig. of fruit in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 367, D.) i. T. IBARI Phil. Glabrous, with runcinate leaves (narrower than of T. taraxacum]. Scape scarcely exceeding the leaves. Scales of involucre imbricate, all appressed, MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 901 the outer ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; the inner broad-white, scarious. Ac hems strongly ribbed, costae spinulose at apex. Rostrum as long as the achene. Magellan, at Rio Blanco. 2. TARAXACUM MAGELLANICUM Comm. Petioles slender, elongated. Leaves rounded apically. Involucral scales all erect, the outer white-red, scariously margined. (Argentine pampas) ; Magellan, by Punta Arenas. 3. T. TARAXACUM (L. sub Leontodon] Karst. ( T. officinale Web. ; T. dens-leonis Desf.) Dandelion. Root thick, deep. Leaves in outline oblong to spatulate, pubescent when young, irregularly pinnatifid or sinuate-toothed, rather succulent, narrowed to the petiole. Scape erect. Head solitary, 25-50 mm. broad ; flowers golden. Outer involucre reflexed. Achenes muricate at top, narrowing to the long, filiform rostrum. (Eurasia and N. Amer.) Patagon., Magellan (Dusen) ; Fuegia; Falk- lands (introduced). 4. T. TARAXACUM L/EViGATUM (W. sub Leontodon] O. Ktze. Glabrous. Leaves runcinate-pinnatipartite, lobes unequal, lanceolate, acuminate, subdentate. Involucral scales subcorniculate, callous-tipped, the outer spreading. Achenes pale, with rostrum longer than in the type. (Eurasia, in meadows and dry pastures) ; Patagon. ; Magellan ; Fuegia, passim, alpine about Ushuaia ; Falklands. 5. T. TARAXACUM ALPiNUM (Koch.) Porter. Outer invohicral scales spreading, ovate or narrower. Leaves very deeply parted. Achenes pale brown. (Europe; Labrador ; and by Rockies and Calif, southwards.) S. Pata- gon., by Hatcher at Coy Inlet and Punta Arenas. 82. SONCHUS Linn. Succulent herbs, with milky juice and alternate, mostly auriculate, am- plexicaul leaves, entire or toothed, or lobed, and prickly-margined. Heads large or midsize, corymbose, yellow. Involucre ovoid to cam- 902 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY. panulate, its scales many-seriate, imbricated, smaller outwards. Recep- tacle naked. Anthers basisagittate. Achenes flattish, io-2O-costate, truncate. Pappus copious, white, capillary, usually deciduous together. Species 5, of Old World. i. SONCHUS ASPER (L.) Allioni. Annual. Stem leafy below. Leaves undivided or pinnatifid, spinu- lose-toothed ; the lower petiolate, the upper clasping, with rounded auri- tles ; obovate to oblong or lanceolate. Achenes ribbed, but not trans- versely wrinkled. Cosmopolitan. N. and S. Patagon. ; "naturalized and spread over tropical and temperate South America ; probably to a great extent with- out the agency of man." (J. Ball.) • 2. S. OLERACEUS Linn. Sow-thistle. Basal and lower leaves petioled, lyrate-pinnatifid, 10-25 cm. long, the terminal segments usually large and triangular. Upper leaves pinnatifid, with acute, clasping auricles. Achenes ribbed, and transversely wrinkled. Patagon. (M. & T.; by Hatcher on edge of a marsh, nearly a meter high, in fruit March). A weed in cultivated lands of the Old World and N. Amer. ; also naturalized in Patagon. and the Chonos Archip. 83. AGOSERIS Raf. (Troximon Nutt, 1813, non Gaertn., 1791. Including Macrorhynchus Less.) Nearly stemless herbs, glabrous to sparsely pilose. Scapes erect, leaf- less, i -headed. Heads midsize to large, liguliferous, mostly yellow- Involucre campanulate, its scales many-seriate, the outer smaller. Recep- tacle rarely with some chaff. Anthers basally acute or setaceous. Achenes glabrous, lo-costate, contracted below, apically rostrate. Pappus setose, copious. Species 25, in W. and S., of N. Amer., and Peraustral Amer. i. A. AUSTRALIS (Phil, sub Macrorhynchus}. Cespitose. Leaves arachnoid-hirsute, linear, usually pectinately pin- natifid ; with linear segments and linear rachis. Scapes scarcely exceed- ing the leaves, very densely woolly. Outer involucral scales hirsute, triangular-lanceolate ; inner glabrous and longer, equalling the flowers. Magellan strait, near Punta Arenas ; Falklands. MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 903 2. AGOSERIS GLAUCA (Nutt. sub Troximon}. Stout, 50-60 cm. tall ; pale or glaucous, glabrous or loosely hairy. Leaves linear to lanceolate, entire, sometimes dentate or laciniate. Heads many-flowered. Involucral scales lanceolate or broader, with external shorter scales, often hairy or villous. Achenes with beak 10-12 mm. long, exceeding the pappus, which is copious, of stiff, denticulately sca- brous setae. (Western U. S.); Patagon., Magellan, Fuegia. 3. A. PTEROCARPA (Fisch. & Mey.) (sub Macrorhynchus]. Leaves varying, entire, toothed, or usually pinnatifid ; always somewhat villous. Scape mostly 2-3 times longer than the leaves. Involucral scales, outer subsquarrose, villous, white, hirsute. Achenes winged, cos- tate, shorter than the rostrum. (Chili, annual); Patagon., Chubut; E. Fuegia (Dusen). 3. A. PUMILA (DC. sub Macrorhynchus]. Sparsely hirsute, with white villosity. Leaves narrowly-linear, entire, sinuate, or runcinate-pinnatifid. Scape exceeding the leaves. Involucral scales linear-lanceolate, leafy, externally glandular-hispid. S. Patagon. ; Magellan ; Fuegia, by the Beagle Channel ; Falklands, on grassy places by the sea. 84. HIERACIUM Linn. Hawkweed. Perennials, with double indumenttim, glandular and stellate, or gla- brous ; and yellow to reddish heads on leafless scapes. Involucre of equal, narrow scales, usually also with outer calyculus. Receptacle naked. Achenes oblong, io-15-costate, contracted at base, truncate above. Pap- pus of copious setae, i-2-seriate, simple, fragile, sordid. Species 400, in Eurasia, N. Amer., N. and S. Afr., the Orient, Japan and the Andes. (The most difficult of Old World genera.) KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Stem branching. b. Leaves oblong-spatulate, subentire, with long hairs, and glands. Heads 8-18, small, I cm. chilense. bz. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, apiculate. Heads 2-4, small ; pubescence mixed. philippii. b$. Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Heads 6 8. Involucral scales linear, with black hairs. patagonicum. 904 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 64. Leaves oblanceolate, and 1-2 cauline narrow. c. Heads sulphur-colored. Involucre hirsute, its scales acuminate. magellanictim. C2. Heads mediocre. Involucral scales linear, hoary. chubutense. A2. Scape simple, i -headed. Leaves oblong to spatulate. Plant all pubescent, pilosella. A$. Scape i-headed, sometimes also a small second. Leaves oblong-spatulate, few-lobed ; and some linear on scape. Achenes smooth. antarcticum. Aif. Stem few-leaved, i-4-headed. Radical leaves obovate to spatulate, smooth. Involucre with black wool. triste. I. HlERACIUM ANTARCTICUM d'UrV. Pubescent. Scape slender, 10 cm. high, with few, linear leaves, and a solitary head, less than i cm. high, and still narrower, occasionally with a second, smaller head. Calyculus none. Basal leaves oblong-spatulate, with few, obscure lobes near the base, obtuse or acutish, nearly glabrate. Achenes oblong, truncate, smooth, flattened. Papp^^s unequal. S. Patagon., by Cape Fairweather; by Hatcher in the Cordilleras, on damp ground; S. Fuegia, alpine (Nordenskj.) ; Falklands. 2. H. CHILENSE LeSS. Stems 30 cm. high, spreading-hirsute, erect, paniculately branching, 8-i8-flowered, the branches short, divaricate. Leaves oblong-spatulate, briefly attenuate-petioled, obtuse, entire or few-toothed, with long, rigid hairs on both surfaces. Cauline leaves few, narrowing upwards. Hairs long, rigid, white, with a black base, having clavate glands between. Heads small, i cm. (Chili) ; Fuegia, Navarin I. 3. H. CHUBUTENSE Speg. Leaves mostly all radical, oblanceolate, entire, with long, scaberulous, white or rufescent hairs. Stem arising from center of leaves, erect, sub- striate, remotely i-2-leaved, glabrous ; above the middle, laxly corymbose, the branchlets bracteolate and subdichotomous. Pedicels i -headed, hoary. Heads erect, mediocre. Involucral scales about i -seriate, linear, dorsally hoary, slightly shorter than the disk. Chubut, amid grassy rocks at Teka-choique. 4- H. MAGELLANICUM C. H. Schultz. Perennial, over 20 cm. high, with basal leaves. Stem a span high, scapiform, hirsute; with 1-2 bracts, narrowly linear, 2 cm. long. Leaves rosular, 10 cm. by 12 mm., oblanceolate, sinuate-dentate, or entire, gla- MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 905 brescent. Corymb lax, to 40 cm. long, tomentose-hirsute. Involucre campanulate, hirsute, its scales acuminate. Flowers sulphur-colored. Pappus sordid. Magellan, near the Jignite-mine (perhaps the same with H. antarcticum). 5- HlERACIUM PATAGONICUM Hook. f. Rough, with spreading hairs. Stolons none. Radical leaves oblong- lanceolate, subacute, narrowing to a petiole ; cauline leaves few, sessile, narrower, obscurely and remotely toothed. Stem scapiform, paniculately branching, bearing 6-8 heads. Involucral scales linear, subsetose, with rigid, black, spreading hairs. Patagon., Golfo de San Jorge ; by Cape Fairweather; Fuegia. 6. H. PHILIPPII Alboff. Stems numerous, 20 cm. high, pubescence mixed, long, simple hairs and glandular ; with 3-5 setaceous bracts, branching above, having 2-4 heads on slender peduncles. Leaves radical, obovate-lanceolate, attenuate-peti- olate, apiculate at the apex and margins, with sessile glands on both sur- faces ; i or 2 of the leaves narrow-linear. Heads small. Pappus sordid. (Near H. magellanicwn.} Fuegia, Navarin I. ; Falklands. 7. H. PILOSELLA Linn. Pilose-pubescent and stoloniferous. Scape slender, erect, with i large, yellow head, 3 cm. in diameter. Leaves oblong to spatulate, entire, obtuse or acutish, attenuate-petiolate, 5 cm. by 1 2 mm. Involucre pubes- cent. Achenes oblong. (Europe; naturalized in N. Amer.) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher in Cor- dilleras, on damp ground; Feb. 15, 1897. 8. H. TRISTE Willd. About 15 cm. high. Stem simple, few-leaved, racemose, with 1-4, yel- low heads. No stellate hairs and no glands. Radical leaves obovate to spatulate, entire, green ; glabrate or nearly so ; upper leaves oblong to linear, with the stems villous. Heads i cm. high and broad. Involucre and peduncle with blackish wool. Achenes short, columnar. Pappus fuscous. (Bering's Strait and Aleutian Is.); S. Patagon., by Hatcher in the Cordilleras. PART VI. ANALYSIS OF THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES OF THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF PATAGONIA. The Flowering Plants differ from the Pteridophytes by an advanced development of the microsporangia into stamens bearing pollen, and of the megasporangia into ovules which become embryo-bearing seeds. They contain two chief classes, the antique one called the Gymnospermia, hav- ing pteridophytic affinities ; and the modern class, known as the Angio- spermia, because of their seed being in true seed-vessels, with stigmas. The superclass of Angiosperms is itself composed of two classes — the Monoctyledones, and the Dicotyledones, the latter being the larger. And each of these classes contains a considerable number of Plant families ; of which according to Engler and Prantl, there are 280, namely 4 families in the Gymnosperms, 43 families in the Monocotyledones, and 233 families in the Dicotyledones. When a family is named from one of its leading genera, which is usually the case, its name has -acece for termination ; as from Lilium, the family Liliacece. Alliances of natural families are known by the terminal -ales as Liliales. These are becoming known as Orders. It is found convenient to break up the large Class of Dicotyledones into a few subclasses, each of them containing many orders and families. The character of the perianth, whether absent or, if present, whether its petals are distinct from each other or coalesce, and whether the perianth is superior, or inferior, or perigynous, relatively to the inner organs of the flower, are of chief importance here. But we may expect exceptional cases, which render the classification necessarily artificial. It must also be remembered that a natural system is not serial ; that even if we knew all the interrelations of the families it should be necessary to arrange them not in line but in space, like the ramifications of a tree. In the system here adopted we begin a large group with the simplest forms among its 907 908 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. components, and end with the most complex. There are some irreducible cases of families whose natural affinities are unknown, as Euphorbiaceae, and Polygalaceae. The Patagonian region contains representatives of about 113 natural families, of which the Dicotyledones have 92, and the Monocotyledones about 17 families, whilst there are 4 families of Gymnosperms. THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES. Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA = Phanerogamia, or Flowering-plants (Embryophyta sipho- nogama Engler), having pollen and producing seeds with embryo. A. Superclass GYMNOSPERMIA (families 1-4), pp. 140-145. Trees or shrubs with diclin- ous flowers, the carpels not forming a closed ovary nor bearing a stigma. b. Branching freely ; the wood consisting of tracheids, without ducts (saving resiniferous ducts), forming annual rings and bark. Flowers mostly in staminate and pistillate cones, with- out perianth. (CONIFERS, p. 140.) c. Leaves in spirals. Cones many-carpellary, dry. Seed I in each carpel, inverted. Family I. Araucaria of Pinacece, p. 140. c2. Leaves in whorls of 2-4. Cones woody or fleshy, few- (1-4)- carpeled. Seeds often several in each carpel, erect. Stamens with 3-5 pollen sacs, the pollen wingless. Family 2. Cupressaceee, p. 141. ^3. Leaves acicular or broader, rarely opposite. Cones often fleshy, few-carpeled, carpels I -seeded. Stamens with 2 pollen sacs, the pollen winged. Family 3. Podocarpece of Taxacece, p. 142. l>2. Branching or with simple stem ; jointed and with ducts in the wood. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers with a small perianth. Seeds fleshy, grape-like. (GNETALES.) Family 4. Ephedracca, p. 144. AA. Superclass ANGIOSPERMIA. Trees, shrubs or herbs, having fibrovascular bundles ; the flowers varying as to sexuality and perianth ; the carpels forming a normally closed, stigmatiferous ovary.1 Families 5-113, p. 146-906. B. Class MONOCOTYLEDONES or Endogens. Having stem endogenous ; leaves usually parallel-veined, non-stipulate ; flowers normally 3-merous ; embryo with i cotyledon. Families 5-21, pp. 146-324. C. (Acyclicce.) Flowers with the parts spirally arranged, showing little structural symmetry. d. Perianth none, or consisting of bristles or scales. e. (Pandanales.) Perianth of hypogynous bristles. Stamens i-oo ; carpels i-oo, 1 Terms explained: Acrandroits, having staminate flowers uppermost ; acrogynous, having pistil- late flowers uppermost ; eudiplostemonous, having the outer stamens antisepalous ; obdiplostemonous, having the outer stamens antipetalous. Tepaliferom families are such as have double perianth of tepals, not differentiated into petals and sepals, but all similar. The tepals may be colored or green or dry scales like chaff. Sepalo-petalous flowers have a double perianth consisting of differentiated sepals and petals. MACLOSKIE: ANALYSIS OF ORDERS AND FAMILIES. 909 not united, usually stipitate. Seeds endospermous. Tall marsh-plants, with linear leaves, and monoecious flowers in terminal, acrandrous spikes. Family 5. Typhacece, Cat-tail, p. 146. €2. (Arales.) Perianth none, or scales. Flowers monoecious on a spadix, mostly enclosed by a spathc. /. Land-plants with sympodial stems, or basal leaves ; these mostly large and reticulate. Fruit a berry. Family 1 2. Aracece, p. 289. /2. Minute, stemless, floating plants, in fresh water. Stamen I. Family 13. Lemnacea, Duckweed, p. 290. e$. (Helobiales p. p.). Aquatic or marsh plants, with sepaloid or reduced perianth, and seeds with no endosperm. f. Perianth of 4 leaflets, or none, or a cup. Plants submerged or floating. Family 6. Potamogetonacea, Pondweed, p. 147. /2. Perianth 2-seriate, hypogynous. Carpels partially united. Flowers in an erect raceme or spike. Leaves radical, rush-like. Family 7. Juncaginacece, p. 1 50. d2. Perianth 2-seriate, the inner petaloid. ^Helobiales p. p.) Aquatic plants. Seeds with no endosperm. e. Perianth 3 + 3 ; petals white, showy. Flowers panicled or racemed, hypo- gynous, the carpels not united. Leaves long-petioled. Family 8. Alismacea, Water-plantain, p. 152. t2. Flowers dioecious and syncarpous ; the females solitary on long, coiling scapes. Leaves long, grass-like, floating in quiet waters. Family 9. Vallisneriacea, Tape-grass, p. 153. d^. (Glumales.) Flowers mostly without perianth, but with dry glumes, hypogynous, monocarpellary, i -seeded. Seeds with large endosperm. e. Usually hermaphrodite. Stems terete, normally hollow and jointed. Leaves narrow, 2-ranked, with split sheaths. Flowers in spikelets, the pericarp ad- hering to the seed. Embryo at base of, and external to the endosperm. Family 10. Graminea, Grasses, p. 154. e2. Mostly monoecious. Stem normally trigonal, solid, with narrow, 3-ranked leaves, having closed sheaths. Pericarp not adhering to the seed. Embryo enclosed in the endosperm. Family 1 1. Cyperacece, Sedges, p. 256. CC. (Eucyclicce.') Families with normally 5 -cyclic flowers ; the whorls generally isomer- ous, mostly trimerous, rarely pluri- or di-merous. Sometimes with tepals instead of differentiated sepals and petals. Rarely tetra-cyclic, there being only one staminal whorl. d. (Farinales.) Flowers 3— 2-merous, with formula 13— 13, st3— st3, syncarpels 3. The stamens may be i -seriate, or only i. Seeds orthotropous or curved. Endo- sperm mealy. e. Mostly dioecious, with glume-like perianth. Herbage and spikelets of Cypera- cea, but leaf-sheaths split. Family 14. Restionacece, p. 292. £2. Hermaphrodite ; with spikelets having 1-3 glumes. Stamens 1-2, with I anther. Ovary 1—3 -celled; cells i -seeded. Family 15. Centrolepidacece, p. 292. 9IO PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. ^3. Hermaphrodite. Perianth sepalo-petalous, and epigynous. Stamens 6. Ovary 3-celled ; style 3-lobed ; seeds numerous. Epiphytes with scurfy leaves. Tillandsia of Family 16. Bromeliacece, p. 293. d2. (Liliales.} As Farinales, but with mostly anatropous seeds, and fleshy, or carti- laginous, or oily endosperm. Chiefly herbs, with 3-merous flowers, and 2-seriate tepalous perianth. e. Hypogynous, at least usually. /. Perianth-leaves glume-like. Stamens 6 or 3. Family 17. Juncaccce, Rushes, p. 295. /2. Perianth-leaves usually large and petaloid. Stamens 6. Family 18. Liliacece, Lily, p. 303. e2. Epigynous. Perianth usually petaloid. /. Style simple, or rarely 3-lobed. Stamens 6, on base of perianth. Family 19. Amaryllidacece, p. 309. /2. Style 3-cleft, its branches often flattened and petaloid. Stamens 3, on base of outer tepals. Family 20. Iridacecs, p. 312. -19&> I99 (and Supp. p. 961) Descurainia (Crucif.), -447 Desfontainea (Logan.), 6, 659 Deyeuxia (Gram.), -192 Diachyrium (Gram.), -180 Dichondra (Convol.), 666 DlCOTYLEDONES, 325, 9IO Dicranoweisia (Musci), 67, 106, 120. PI. vii Dicranaceae, 65, 106, 120. Plate vii, viii Dicranum (Musci), 63, 68, 107, 121, -329 Didymoglossum (Filices), -129 Digitalis (Scroph.), 725 Diplachne (Gram.), 158, 214 Diplophyllum (Hepat.), 59 DIPSACACE.E, 750, 920 Dipsacus, 751 Discaria (Rhamn.), 563 Discontinuity, 946, 951 Dissodon (Musci), 112 Distichium (Musci), 64, 75, 108 Distichlis (Gram.), 158, 217 Distichophyllum (Musci), 117, 124 Distribution, means of, 950 Distribution-routes, 955 Ditrichum (Musci), 75, 108 Dogbane Fam., 663, 918 Dogwood Fam., 643, 917 Dolichogyne (Comp.), -783 Donatia (Saxif.), 16, 460 Dondia (Chen.), -370 Doniophyton (Comp.), 865 Draba (Crucif.), 441. Plate xviii Drapetes (Thymel.), 598 Drimys (Magnol.), 6, 419 Drosera, 7, 455 DROSERACE^, 455, 913 Dryopteris (Filices), 132 Duckweed, 290, 909 Dusenia (Comp.), 866 Duvaua (Anac.), -558 Dysodia (Comp.), 828 Dysopsis (Euph.), 554 BENALES, 917 Echidiocarya (Borr.),-679 Echinocactus (Cact), 593 Echinodorus (Alism.), 152 Echinopsis (Cact.), 592 Eclipta (Comp.), 822 Ectropothecium (Musci), 124 Edwardsia (Legum.), n, -495 EL^OCARPACEyE, 567, 915 Eleocharis (Cyper.), -260, 263 Elephant-distribution, 957 Elionurus (Gram.), 155, 160 Elymus (Gram.), 160, 252 Elynanthus (Cyperac.), 256, 267 Embothrium (Prot.), 333 EMPETRACE^E, 557, 914 Empetrum, 17, 557 Enargea (Liliac.), -307 Endogens (Monocotyledones), 146, 908 EPACRIDACE^E, 649, 917 Ephedra, 144 EPHEDRACE.E, 144, 908 Epilobium (Onagr.), 607 Epiphytes, 21, 23 Equisetaceae, 136 Equisetum, 136 Eragrostis (Gram.), 158, -197, 215 Eriachsenium (Comp.), 861 Eriachne (Gram.), 157, 197 ERICACEAE, 644, 917 Ericales, 917 Ericoideee, -644 Erigeron (Comp.), 790 Eriodon (Musci), 118 Eriogonum (Polygon.), 347, 951 Eriopus (Musci), 116; 124 Eritrichium (Borr.), 678 Erodium (Ger.), 535, 949 Eryngium (Umbel.), 636 Erysimum, 449 Erythrsea (Gent.), 660 Escallonia (Saxif.), 21, 461 Espina blanca, 595 Eucalpyta (Musci), 121 Eucryphia, 577 INDEX. 971 EUCRYPHIACE^-;, 577, 915 Eugenia (Myrt.), 12, -602, 604 (and Supp. p. 962) Eupatorieae, 765, 766 Eupatorium (Comp.), 774 EUPHORBIACE.E, 551, 914 Euphorbia, 552, 553 Euphrasia (Scroph.), 727 Eustichia (Musci), in Euxolus (Amarantus), -373 Evening-primrose Earn., 606, 916 Everlasting, 814 Evolvulus (Convolv.), 666 Exogens (Dicotyledons), 325, 910 Eyebright, 727 pABIANA (Solan.), 709 Facelis (Comp.), 813 FAGACE.E, 325, 910 Fagales, 910 Fagus, -326 Falkland Islands, 947 False-oat (Trisetum), 203 Families and orders, analysis, 907 Farinales, 909 Fascicularia (Brom.), 294 Feather-grass (Stipa), 168 Fedia (Val.), -750 Fennel (Umbel.), 642 Ferns, 127 Fescue-grass, 237 Festuca (Gram.), 29, 159, -223, 231 Festuceae (Gram.), 158 FICOIDE^E (Aizoac.), 377, 912 FILICES (Ferns), 127 Filix, 133 Filmy-ferns (Hymenoph.), 4, 127 Fimbristylis (Cyperac.), 266 Firs, 140 Fitzroya (Cupress.), 141 FLACOURTIACE.E, 584, 915 Flaveria (Comp.), 825 Flora-patagoniea, statistics, 950 Flotovia (Chuquiraga), 865 FLOWERING-PLANTS, 139, 907 Foeniculum (Umb.), 642 Forests, 8, 18, 333, 946. Plate i Forget-me-not, 680 Forstera (Cand.), -756 Fossombronia (Hepat), 43 Four-o'clock, 376 Foxglove, 725 Foxtail, 164, 179 Fragaria (Ros.), 470 Fragosa (Umbel.), -625, -633 Frankenia, 579 FRANKENIACE,E, 578, 915 Friesia (Elaeoc.), -568 Frullania (Hepat.), 43. 59 Fuchsia (Onagr.), 15, 21, 615 Fuegia, 946 Fuegian Vegetation, 945 Fumaria (Papav.), 421 Fumarioideae, 421, 912 Fumitory Subfam., 421, 912 Funaria (Musci), 87, 112 Furze (Ulex), 499 p'AIADENDRON (Loranth.), -336 ^^ Gaillardia (Comp.), 826 Gaimardia (Centrolep.), 7, 293, 951 Galatella (Comp.), -789 Galega (Legum.), 487, 502 Galegeae, 487 Galium (Rubiac.), 740 Gamocarpha (Calycer.), -757, 761 Gaultheria (Eric.), 645 Gayankhia (Berberis), 417 Geissois, -466 Genista (Legum.), -497 Gentiana, 66b GENTIANACE^E, 660, 918 Gentianales, 917 Gentian Fam., 660, 918 Geography, 937, 945 GERANIACE^E, 531, 914 Geraniales, 913 Geranium Fam., 532, 914 Gerardia (Scroph.), 726 GESNERIACE.E, 728, 919 972 INDEX. Geum (Ros.), 47 1 Giant-thistle, 861 Gilia (Polem.), 670 (and Supp. p. 963) Ginseng Fam., 619, 916 Gleichenia, 6, 134 Gleicheniaceae, 134 Glossary of Localities, 938 Glumales, 909 Glyceria (Gram.), 159, 219 Glycyrrhiza (Leg.), 509 Gnaphalium (Comp.), 814 GNETACE^:, Gnetales, 144, 908 Gochnatia (Comp.), 866 Godetia (Onagr.), 611 Golden-rod (Solidago), 784 Gomphrena (Amar.), 375 GOODENIACE^:, 755, 920 Gooseberry, 464 Goosefoot Fam., 354 Gottschea (Hepat.), 59 Gourliea (Legum.), 487, 495 Grahamia (Portul.), 381 GRAMINE^E, 14, 154, 909, 949 Grammatocarpus (Loas.), -589 Grammitis (Filices), -134 GRASSES, 154, 909, 949 Grimmia (Musci), 77, 109, 122. Plate viii Grindelia (Comp.), 778 Grisebachiella (Apocyn.), 663 Griselinia (Corn.), 644 Groundsel (Senecio), 833, 860 Guaicuru, 656 Guayavi, 677 Guevina (Proteac.), 335 Gum-plants (Grindelia), 778 Gunnera (Halor.), 8, 19, 617, 951 Gutierrezia (Comp.), 779 (and Supp. p. 963) Gymnanthe (Hepat.), 57 GYMNOSPERMIA, 140, 908 Gynerium (Gram.), 158, 213 TJABRANTHUS (Amaryll.), -311 Hair-grass, 197 Halopeplis (Chenop.), 366 Halophytum (Chenop.), 371 HALORAGIDACE^;, 615, 916 Halostachys (Chenop.), -366 Hamadryas (Ranunc.), 412. Plate xvi Hanging-moss, 293 Haplopappus (Comp.), 785, -789 Hard-fescue, 237 Hard-grass (Lepturus), 245 Hariotella (Hepat.), 44 Harpalejeunia (Hepat.), 44 Hatcherian Mosses, 63 Hawkweed, 903 Heath Fam., 644, 917 Hebe (Veronica ellipt), 722, 946 Hedeoma (Labiat.), 697 Helenioideae (Comp.), 765, 769 Heleocharis (Cyperac.), 256, -260, 263 Helianthoidese, 765, 768 Helichrysum, -818 Heliophytum (Borr.), -677 Heliotropium (Borr.), 677 Helobiales, 909 Helosciadium, -640 Hemlock (Conium), 639 Hempweed, climbing, 777 HEPATIC;E, 3, 13, 23, 35 Hepaticse, Supp. list, 58 Herba de perdice, 865 Herniaria, 396 Herpestis (Scroph.), -720 Hesperis (Crucif.), 453 Heterostachys (Chenop.), 368 Heterothalamus (Comp.), 800 Hexaptera (Cruc.), 424. Plate xvii Hieracium (Comp.), 903 Hierochloe' (Gram.), 156, 166 Himalaya Region, 955 Himeranthus (Solan.), -708 Hippeastrum (Amaryl.), 310 Hippuris (Halor.), 618 Hoffmanseggia (Leg.), 486, 493, -494 Holcus (Gram.), 157, -167, 196 Holy-grass (Hierochloe), 166 Homoianthus (Comp.), -892 Honkenya (Caryoph.), -393 Hookeriacese (Musci), 64, 116, 123 INDEX. 973 Hordeae (Gram.), 159 Hordeum, 160, 248 Horehound, 696 Hornwort Fam., 398, 912 Horse-tails, 136 Hualania (Polygal.), -550 Huanaca (Umbel.), -625, -634 Huckleberry, 648 Hurngan, 704 Hutchinsia (Crucif.), 440, -441 Hyalis (Comp.), -868 HYDNORACE.E, 344, 911 Hydrangea (Saxif.), 460 (and Supp. p. 962) Hydrocotyle (Umbel.), 622 HYDROPHYLLACE^E, 673, 918 Hydrophyllum, 673 Hymenatherum (Comp.), -828 Hymenocleiston (Musci), 112 Hymenophyllaceae, 4, 127 Hymenophyllum (Filices), 128 Hymenoxys (Comp.), -826 HYPERICACE^E, 578, 915 Hypericum, 578 Hypnaceae, 101, 118, 124 Hypnum (Musci), 63, 103, 119. Plate xi Hypnodendron (Musci), 119 Hypochceris (Comp.), 896 Hypopterygium (Musci), 64, 119 Hypsela (Camp.), 754 Hysterionica (Comp.), 781 TLLECEBRE^: (Caryoph.), 382 Imperata (Gram.), 155, 161 Incense-bush (Schinus), 558 Inuleae (Comp.), 766, 768 lodina (Santal.), 340 Ipe-branco, 677 Ipnum, -214 IRIDACE^E, 312, 910 Iris Fam., 312, 910 Iron-weed, 773 Isoetacese, 138 Isoetes, 138 Isolepis (Cyper.), -261 Isotachis (Hepat.), 59 Isothecium (Musci), 124 Ivy Fam., 619, 916 Ixophorus (Gram.), -156, -164 TABOROSA (Solan.), 708 J Jamesoniella (Hepat.), 44, 59 Joannesia (Comp.), -863 Joint-firs (Ephed.), 144, 908 JUNCACE.S, 14, 295, 910 JUNCAGINACE.S, 150, 909 Juncoides (Juncac.), 301 Juncus (Juncac.), 296 Jungermannia, 44, 59. Plate v Jungermannieae (Hepat.), 44 Jussiaea, Jussieua (Onagr.), 606 1 ERGUELEN PLANTS, 952 Khalgo, 417 Knotweed, 353 Kceleria (Gram.), 158, 216 Kcenigia (Polygon.), 346, 951 T ABIAT^E, 694, 918 Lagenophora (Comp.), 788 Lantana (Verben.), 690 Lapageria (Liliac.), 309 Larrea (Legum.), -494 Larrea (Zygoph.), 545 Lasiorrhiza (Comp.), 887 Lathyrus (Legum.), 488, 526 Laurelia (Monim), n, 420 Lavidia (Comp.), 867 Leadwort Fam., 654, 917 Lebetanthus (Epacrid.), 6, 645, 649 Legouzia (Camp.), 752 LEGUMINOS^E, 485, 913 Leioscyphus (Hepat.), 59 Lejeunea (Hepat.), 47, 60 Lemna, 291 LEMNACE^E, 290, 909 LENTIBULARIACE.E, 730, 919 Leontodon (Comp.), -900 Leontodontinas, 772 Lepicolea (Hepat.), 47 Lepidium (Crucif.), 425 974 Lepidoceros (Loranth.), -336 Lepidolaena (Hepat.), 47 '» 60 Lepidophyllum (Comp.), 782. Plate xxvii Lepidotliamnus (Podocarp.), 18, -143 Lepidozia (Hepat.), 48, 60 Lepigonum (Caryoph.), ~395 Leptinella (Comp.), -#29 Leptobryum (Musci), 64, 87, 112. Plate Leptocarpus (Rest.), 292 Leptochloa, -214 Leptodon (Musci), 116 Leptostomum (Musci), 96, 113 Leptotheca (Musci), 114 Lepturus (Gram.), 155, 159, 245 Lepyrodon (Musci), 64, 99, 116 Lerchea (Chen.), 370 Leria (Comp.), -874 Leskea (Musci), 99, "7 Lesquerella (Crucif.), 439 Leuceria, Leucheria (Comp.), -887 Leucodontaceae, 99, 116 Leucopsis (Comp.), -790 Libertia (Irid.), 313 Libocedrus (Cupress.), 6, 18, 141 Licorice, 509 Ligusticum (Umbel.), 642 Lilsea (Juncag.), -150 Lilaopsis (Umbel.), 641 LILIACE^E, 303, 910, 953 Liliales, 910 Lily Fam., 303, 910 Limonium (Plumb.), 656 Limosella (Scroph.), 720 Linaria (Scroph.), 719 Lines of Distribution, 955 Lippia (Verben.), 691 Litorella (Plant.), 738 Liverworts (Hepat.), 35 Loasa, 586, -590 (and Supp. p. 962) LOASACE^:, 585, 916 Lobelia (Camp.), 753 Lobelioideae (Camp.), 751, 920 Localities, Glossary of, 938 LOGANIACE^:, 658, 917 Lolium (Gram.), 159, 244 INDEX. Lomaria (Filices), -132 Lomatia (Proteac.), n, -334 Loose-strife (Lysim.), 652 Loose-strife Fam. (Lythr.), 599, 916 Lophocolea (Hepat.), 48, 60 LORANTHACE.E, 335, 911 Loranthus, 336 »x Lovage, 642 Lucilia (Comp.), 814, -817 Lucuma (Sapot), -657 Lupine, Lupinus (Legum.), 487, 498 Luziola (Gram.), 156, 165 Luzula (Juncoides, Juncac.), 301 Luzuriaga (Liliac.), 21, -307 Lychnis (Caryoph.), 384 Lycium (Solan.), 699 LYCOPODIACE,E, 136 Lycopodium, 137 Lysimachia, 652 LYTHRACE^E, 599, 916 Lythrum, 599 TUT ACLOVIAN Is. (Falklands), 947 •^ Macounastrum (Polgon.), -346 Macrachsenium (Comp.), 874 Macromitrium (Musci), 65,83, in, 122. Pl.ix Macrorhynchus (Comp.), -902 Madder Fam., 738, 919 Madia (Comp.), 824 Magallana (Trop.), 544 Magdalena Channel, 946 Magellania (=Drimys), -419 Magellan-grapes, 418 Maglia (Solanum), 707 MAGNOLIACE^:, 419, 912 Maihuenia (Cact), 595 Mallow Fam., 568, 915 Malouines (Falklands), 947 Malus (Ros.), -469 Malva, 571 MALVACEAE, 568, 915 Mai vales, 915 Malvastrum (Malv.), 572 Manna-grass, 219 Marchantia (Hepat.), 52, 61 INDEX. 975 Mare's-tail, 618 Margyricarpus (Ros.), 473, -474 Marigold (Tagetes), 827 Marrubium (Labiat), 695 Marsh-grass (Spartina), 208 Marsh-marigold, 399 Marsippospermum (Juncac.), 295 Marsupidium (Hepat.), 52, 57, 61 Martynia, -730 MARTYNIACE.E, 730, 919 Marvel-of-Peru, 376, 911 Mastigobryum (Hepat.), 6 1 Mastigophora (Hepat.), 61 Mastigophorus (Nassauvia), 876 Mataperro (Lycium), 704 Mate-negra, 454, 684 Mate-verde, 782 Maytenus (Celastr.), 560 Meadow-barley, 250 Meadow-grass, 221 Medic, 500 Medicago (Legum.), 487, 500 Meesea (Musci), 95. Plate xi Melalema (Comp.), 832 Melandryum (Caryoph.), 384 Melica (Gram.), 158, 217 Melilotus (Legum.), 487, 501 Melinia (Asclep.), 665 Menodora (Oleac.), 657 Menonvillaea (Cruc.), 424 Menta del Campo, 697 Mentzelia (Loas.), 586 Mesati, 688 Meseta, 687 Mesochlamydese, 911 Mesquit, 489 Metachlamydeas, 644, 917 Metrosideros (Myrt.),-6o5 Metzgeria (Hepat.), 38, 53, 61 Mezereon Fam., 597, 916 Micromeria (Labiat.), -697 Micropsis (Comp.), 811 Micropus (Comp.), -811 Microsciadium (Umbel.), -625 Mielichoferia (Musci), 112 Mignonette, 455, 913 Mikania (Comp.), -776, -777 Milfoil (Hippuris), 615 Milium (Gram.), -163 Milkweed Fam., 663, 918 Milkwort, 546 Milla (Brodisea), -304 Milpi, 509 Mimosa (Legum.), 486, 488, -490 Mimoseae, 486 Mimulus (Scroph.), 721 Mint Fam., 694, 918 Mirabilis (Nyct.), 376 Mistletoe Fam., 335, 911 Mitostigma (Asclep.), 664 Mitraria (Gesner.), 21, 729 Mniadelphus (Musci), 65, 116 Mnium (Musci), 96, 113 Monanthochloe (Gramin.), 158, 212 MONIMIACE^E, 420, 912 Monkey-flower, 721 Monniera (Scroph.), 720 Monnina (Polygal.), 551 Monocosmia (Portul.), 382 (and Supp. p. 962) MONOCOTYLEDONES, 146, 908 Monolepis (Chen.), 362 (and Supp. p. 962) Monopyrena (Verb.), 692 Montia (Portul.), 381 Monttea (Scroph.), 719 Moon wort, 127 Mosquitoes, 955 MOSSES, 8, 12, 25, 63 Mosses, Catalogue, 105 Mountains, influence of, 957 Mouse-ear (Myosotis), 680 Mousetail, (Myosurus), 402 Mudwort (Limosella), 720 Muehlenbeckia (Polygon.), 353 Muhlenbergia (Gram.), 156, 178 Mulinum (Umbel.), -629, 633 Musci, 8, 12, 25, 63, 104 Musci, Catalogue, 105, 125 Mustard, 432 Mustard Fam., 421, 913 976 INDEX. Mutisia (Comp.), 869 Mutisiea (Comp.), 766, 771 Mutisina, 771 Myginda (Celastr.), -560 Mylia (Hepat), 53 Myoschilos (Santal.), 339, -343 Myosotis (Borr.), -678, 680, 951 Myosurus (Ranunc.), 402. Plate xxi Myriophyllum (Halor.), 616 Myrrhis, -638 MYRTACE^E, 601, 916 Myrtales, 916 Myrteola (Myrtac.), 602 Myrtle Fam., 601, 916 Myrtus, 603 MYZODENDRACE.E, 336, 911 Myzodendron, 21, 337. Plate xiv ISJAHUEL-CATSCHU, 217 Nama (Hydroph.), 675 Nanodea (Santal.), 339, -720 Nardophyllum (Comp.), 783, 963. PI. xxvii Nasella (Gram.), -176 Nasssea (Nassauvia), 875 Nassauvia (Comp.), 875, 947. PI. xxviii,xxx Nassauvinae, 772 Nastanthus (Cabycer.), 763 Nasturtion (Trop.), 543 Nasturtium (Cruc.), -433 Navarettia (Polem.), -671 Neckera (Musci), 116 Nemastylis (Irid.), 313 Nertera (Rubiac.), 740 Nettle Fam., 330 New Zealand relations, 951 Nicotiana (Solan.), -710 Niederleinia (Frank.), 580 Nierembergia (Solan.), 711 Night-shade, 706 Nitrophila (Chen.), 355 Noteroclada (Hepat.), 37, 61 Nothites (Comp.), -774 Nothofagus (Fag.), 9, 20, 26, 31, 326, -338, 946, 953- Plate xiv Notophaena (Rhamn.), -563 NYCTAGINACE^:, 376, 911 (Avena), 206 Ochetophila (Rhamn.), -566 Ocimum (Labiat), 698 CEnothera (Onagr.), 611 OLACACE.E, 344, 911 OLEACE.E, 657, 917 Oligandra, 817 Oliva (Plazia, Comp.), -868 Olive Fam., 657, 917 Onagra, -61 1 ONAGRACE^:, 606, 916 Oncophorus (Musci), 107 Ophioglossacese, 127 Ophioglossum (Filices), 127 Opuntia (Cact.), 593 Opuntiales, 916 ORCHIDACE^E, 320, 910 Orchidales, 910 Orchid Fam., 320, 910 Orders and families, 907 Oreobolus (Cyper.), 7, 256, 266 Oreomyrrhis (Umbel.), 638 Oreopolus (Rub.), -739 Origin of Patagonian Flora, 945 Orthodontium (Musci), 112 Orthotrichum (Musci), 64, 80, no, 122. Plate viii, ix Oryzopsis (Gram.), 156, 177 Osmorrhiza (Umbel.), 15, 637 Osteospermum (Comp.), -861 Ostrich-wood, 691 Ourisia (Scroph.), 723, 951 Ovidia (Thymel.), 598 (and Supp. p. 962) OXALIDACE.E, 536, 914 Oxalis, 537 Oxybaphus (Nyct), -376 Oxyclados (Scroph.), -719 Oxygraphis (Ranunc.), 403 pAMPAS-GRASS (Gynerium), 213 Pampas-tea, 698 Panargyrus (Nassauvia), 876 Pandanales, 908 INDEX. 977 Paniceae, 155 Panicularia (Gram.), 159, 219 Panicum (Gram.), 155, 163 PAPAVERACE^;, 421, 912 Papilionaceae (Legum.), 486, 495 Pappophorum (Gram.), 158, 211 Pappostipa, 169 Parietales, 915 Parietaria (Urt.), 333 Paronychia (Caryoph.), 396 Parsley (Apium), 639 Parsnip (Pastinaca), 642 Parthenium (Comp.), 820 Paspalum (Gram.), 155, 162 Passiflora, 585 PASSIFLORACE^E, 584, 916 Passion-flower Fam, 584, 916 Pastinaca (Umbel.), 642 Patagonia, 945. Map, plates ii, iii Patagonium (Leg.), 488, 509 Patagonula (Borr.), 676 Pavonia (Malv.), 577 Pea Fam., 485, 913 Pearl-wort (Sagina), 390 Peat-bogs, 16 Pectocarya (Borr.), 677 Pectophytum (Umbel.), -625 Penny-royal (Hedeoma), 697 Pentacasna (Caryoph.), -397 Pentastichella (Musci), in, 122 Peplis (Lythr.), 599 Peppergrass, 425 Pereskia, -595 Perezia (Comp.), 892. Plate xxix Perilomia (Labiat.) Pernettya (Eric.), 6, 645, -649 Petroselinum (Umbel.), -640 Petunia (Solan.), -699, 710 Pfaffia (Amarant.), 375 Phaca (Leg.), -503 Phacelia (Hydroph.), 674 Phalarideas (Gram.), 156 Phalaris, 156, 167 PHANEROGAMIA, 139, 908 Philesia (Liliac.), 17, 308. Plate xiii Philippiella (Caryoph.), 397 Philonotis (Musci), 97, 115 Phleum (Gram.), 156, 178 Phlox Fam, 667, 918 Phlox (Polem.), 668 Phragmites (Gramin.), 158, 212 Phrygilanthus (Loranth.), -336 Phylica (Rhamn.), -562 Phyllachne (Cand.), 756 Phyllactis (sub Valeriana), -745 Physalis (Solan.), 705 Pigafettoa (Hepat), 54 Pilea (Urtic.), -332 Pilotrichella (Musci), 5, 116 PINACE.E, 140, 908 Pineapple Fam. (Brom.), 293, 910 Pines, 140, 908 Pinguicula (Lentib.), 730 Pink Fam., 382, 912 Piptochaetium (Gram.), -178 Pirus (Ros.), 469 Pistia (Arac.), 289 Plagianthus (Malv.), 572 Plagiobotrys (Borr.), 679 Plagiochila (Hepat.), 53, 54, 61. Plate vi Plagiothecium (Musci), 100, 117. Plate xi PLANTAGINACE^:, 731, 919 Plantaginales, 919 Plantaginella, 731, 953 Plantago, 731. Plate xxv Plantain Fam., 731, 919 Plant-regions, 950 Plazia (Comp.), 868 Plectritis (Valer.), -750 PLEUROCARPINE^; (Musci), 99, 115, 123 Pleuropappus (Tessaria), -810 Pleurophora (Lythr.), 601 Pluchea (Comp.), 810 Plum, 485 PLUMBAGINACE.E, 654, 917 Poa (Gram.), 154, 159, 221, -233 Podocarpese (Conif.), 142, 908 Podocarpus, 142 Pogonia (Orch.), -324 Poinciana (Leg.), 486, -490, 492 978 INDEX. POLEMONIACELS, 667, Polemonium, -671, 672 Polygala, 546 POLYGALACE^E, 546, 914 POLYGONACE^:, 345, 911 Polygonales, 911 Polygonum, 351 POLYPODIACE^E, 131 Polypodium (Filices), 6, -133, 134 Polypogon (Gram.), I57> J8i Polystichum (Filices), -132 Polytrichadelphus (Musci), 63, 99, 115, 123 Polytrichum (Musci), 99, 115, 123 Pondweed, 147, 909 Poppy Fam., 421, 912 Porella (Hepat.), 55 Portulaca, 381 PORTULACACELE, 378, 912 Potamogeton, 147 POTAMOGETONACE.E, 147, 9°9 Potato, 707 Potato Fam., 698, 919 Potentilla (Ros.), 470 Pottia, Pottiacese (Musci), 75, 109, 121 Pouteria (Sapot.), 657 (and Supp. p. 963) Pozoa (Umbel.), -625 Pratia (Camp.), 753 Prickly Pear, 593 Primrose, 650, 917 Primula, 650 PRIMULACE.E, 650, 917 Primulales, 917 Proboscidia (Martyn.), 730 Prosopanche (Hydn.), 345 (and Supp. p. 962) Prosopis (Leg.), 486, 489 PROTEACE.E, 333, 910, 953 Proteales, 910 Proustia (Comp.), 868 Prunus (Ros.), 485 Pseudopanax (Aral.), 619 Psilocarphus (Comp.), 811 Psilopilum (Musci), 115 Psychrophila (Ran.), -399 Pteridophyta, 127 Pterocactus (Cact.), 596 (and Supp. p. 962) Pteronia (Comp.), -783 Pterostephanus (Comp.) Pterygophyllum (Musci), 117, I2/ Ptychomitrium (Musci), no Ptychomnium (Musci), 118 Purslane, 378, 381, 912 Pyrus (Ros.), 469 QUILA (Gram.), 5, 23, 1.56 Quill- wort, 138 Quinchamalium (Sant.), 342 Quince (Ros.), 468 Quin-quin (Uncinia), 271 Quintial, 336 "D ADISH, 433 LV Radula (Hepat.), 56, 61 Ragweed (Ambrosia), 820 Ranales, 912 RANUNCULACE.E, 398, 912 Ranunculus, 404 Rape, 432 Raphanus (Crucif.), 433 Rauli (Fagac.), 328 Red-top, 184 Reseda, 455 RESEDACE^, 454, 913 RESTIONACK/E, 292, 909 Rhabdoweisieae, 108 Rhacocarpus (Musci), 115 Rhacoma (Celastr.), 560 Rhacomitrium (Musci), 64, 79, no, 122 RHAMNACE.E, 561, 915 Rhamnales, 915 Rhaphidostegium (Musci), 118, 124 Rhaphithamnus (Verben.), 693 Rhinanthoideae, 714 Rhizogonium (Musci), 64, 96, 113 Rhododendron, -644 Rhodostachys (Brom.), -295 Rhceadales, 912 Rhynchosia (Leg.), 488, 531 Rhynchostegium (Musci), 125 Ribes (Saxifr.), 464 Riccardia (Hepat.), 39, 61 INDEX. 979 Rigodium (Musci), 119, 125 Roripa (Crucif.), 433 ROSACES, 467, 913 Resales, 913 Rose-Fam., 467, 913 Rostkovia (Junc.)i 296 Roubieva (Chen.), 361 RUBIACE^, 738, 919 Rubiales, 919 Rubus (Rosac.), 469 Rumex (Polygon.), 347 Ruppia (Potam.), 147 Rush, 296 Rush-fam., 295, 910 Rye-grass, 244, 252 C AFFLOWER, 862 Sagina (Caryoph.), 390, -392 Sagittaria (Alism.), 153 St. John's-wort, 578, 915 SALICACE^E, 325, 910 Salicales, 910 Salicornia (Chen.), 368 Salix, 325 Salpichroa (Solan.), 707 SALVINIACE^E, 135 Samolus (Prim.), 652. Plate xxi Sandalwood Fam., 338, 911 Sandspurrey, 395 Sandwort, 393 Sanicula (Umbel.), 635 SANTALACE.E, 338, 91 1 Santalales, 911 Sapindales, 914 SAPOTACE/E, 656, 917 Sarmienta (Gesn.), 729 Sarraceniales, 913 Satureia (Labiat.), 697. Plate xxiv Savastana (Gram.), -156, -166 Savory, 697 Saxegothea (Podocarp.), 20, 142 Saxifrage, Saxifraga, 457 SAXIFRAGACEjE, 457, 913 Schinus (Anacard.), 558 Schistochila (Hepat.), 56, 62 Schizaea (Filices), 17, 135 Schizasaceae, 135 Schizeilema (Umbel.), -625 Schizopetalum (Crucif.), 439 Schlotheimia (Musci), III Schoenodon (Rest.), 16, -292 Sciaromium (Musci), 101, 119. Plate xi Scirpus (Cyper.), 16, 256, 259 Scleranthus (Caryoph.), -383 Scoparia (Scroph.), 721 Scouleria (Musci), no SCROPHULARICE.E, 713, 919 Scutellaria (Labiat), 695. Plate xxiv Scyphanthus (Loas.), 589 Sea-grapes, 144 Sea-lavender (Limonium), 656 Sea-pink, 654 Sedges, 256, 273, 909 Seed-bearing Plants, 140 Seligerieae, 108, 121 Selliera (Gooden.), 755 Sematophyllaceae, 118, 126 Senebiera (Crucif.), -427 Senecio (Comp.), 833. Plate xxx Senecioneae (Comp.), 765, 770 Sepalo-petalous, 908 note Serpyllopsis (Trichomanes), -128 Sesuvium (Aizoac.), 377 Setaria (Gram.), 156, 164 Shepherd's-purse, 440 Sida (Malv.), 572 Sieglingia (Gram.), 158, 214 Sieversia (Ros.), -471 Silene (Caryoph.), 383 Silver-weed, 470 Silybum (Comp.), 861 Sinapis (Crucif.), -432 Sison, -640 Sisyrhinchiutn (Irid.), 314 Sisymbrium (Crucif.), 429, -447, -453 Sium (Umbel.), 641 Snapdragon Fam., 713, 919 SoLANACEjE, 698, 919 Solanum, 705 Solidago (Comp.), 784 980 INDEX. Sonchus (Comp.), 901 Sophia (Crucif.),447 Sophora (Legum.), 487. 495 Sorrel (Rumex), 347 Sow-thistle (Sonchus), 902 Spartina (Gram.), 159, 208 Specularia (Camp.), -752 Spergularia (Caryoph.), -395 SPERMATOPHYTA, 140, 908 Sphaeralcea (Malv.), 570 Sphaerostigma (Onagr.), -614 SPHAGNACE.E, (Sphagnales), 16, 65, 105, 120 Sphagnum, 16, 65, 105, 120 Spike-rush (Heleocharis), 263 Spilanthes (Comp.), 823 Spinach, 378 Spiraea (Ros.), 468 Spirodela (Lemnac.), 290 Spirostachys (Chenop.), 367 Splachnaceae, 112 Sporobolus (Gram.), 157, 180 Spurge Fam. (Euphorb.), 551, 914 Squirrel-tail-grass, 249 Staaten Island (Staten I.), 947 Stachys (Labiat.), 696 Staff-tree Fam., 559, 915 Star-grass (Sisyrinch.), 315 Starwort, 556, 914 Statice (Plumb.), 654, -656 Statistics of Flora, 950 Stellaria (Caryoph.), -385 Stemodia (Scroph.), 719 Stenophyllus (Cyperac.), 256, 266 Steppe-district, 28, 949 Steppe-flora, 29, 31, 949 Stereodon (Musci), 118 Stereophyllum (Musci), 119 Stevia (Comp.), 773 Sticta, Stictacese, 4 Stipa (Gram.), 156, 168, -178 Stone-crop Fam., 456, 913 Stone-wort (Chara), 126 Stork's-bill (Erodium), 535, 949 Strawberry, 470 Streptodesmia (Legum.), -513 Strongyloma (Nassau via), 875 Strongylomopsis, 886 Strychnia Fam. (Logan.), 658, 917 STYLIDIE^E (Candolleac.), 756, 920 Suasda (Chenop.), -369 Sumach Fam., 558, 914 Sundew Fam., 455, 913 Susarium (Irid.), -318 Sympetals, 644, 917 Symphyostemon (Irid.), 318 (and Supp. p. 961) •T* AGETES (Comp.), 827 Talinum (Portulac.), -382 Tape-grass, 153, 909 Tapeinia (Irid.), 319 Taraxacum (Comp.), 900 Tarweed (Madia), 824 TAXACE.E, 142, 908 Taxus (Saxegothea), 142 Tchelia (Berberis), 417 Tea, Pampas, 697 Teasel Fam., 750, 920 Tecoma (Bignon.), 728 Tepals, tepaliferous, 908, note Tepualia (Myrt.), 21, 605 Tessaria (Comp.), 810 Tetraglochin (Ros.), 474 Tetragonia (Aizoac.), -372, 378 Tetraplodon (Musci), 112 Tetrapogon (Gram.), 159, 211 Tetroncium (Juncag.), 7, 150 Thamnium (Musci), 116 Thelesperma (Comp.), 824 Thistle, 861 Thlaspi (Crucif.), 428 Three-awned Grass, 168 Three-square (Scirpus), 260 Thrift, 654 Thuidium (Musci), 124 Thuja (Cupress.), -142 THYMEL.EACE^:, 597, 916 Tillsea (Crass.), -456 Tillandsia (Bromel.), 293 Timothy-grass (Gram.), 178 INDEX. 981 Tissa (Caryoph.), -395 Toad-flax, 719 Topography, 937 Tragacantha (Legum.), 488, -505, 508 Trefoil, 501 Trees, absence of, 950 Trevoa (Rhamn.), 562 Triachne (Comp.), -895 Trianthus (Comp.), -885 Tribeles (Saxifr.), 461 Trichloris (Gramin.), 159, 210 Trichocline (Comp.), 873 Trichocolea (Hepat.), 42, 56, 62 Trichomanes, 128 Tricondylus (Proteac.), 334 Tricuspidaria (Elae'oc.), -568 Tricycla (Bougainv.), -377 Trifoliese, 487 Trifolium (Legum.), 487, 501 Triglochin (Juncag.), 151 Triodia (Gram.), -158, -214 Triptilion (Comp.), 885. Plate xxx Trisetum (Gram.), 157, 203 (and Supp. p. 961) Tristagma (Liliac.), -304, 306 (and Supp. p. 961) Triteleia (Liliac.), 304 Triticum (Gram.), -245 TROP^OLACE^J, 543, 914 Tropseolum, 543, -544 Tropical forms in Patag., 65 Troximon (Comp.), 902 Trumpet-creeper Fam., 727 Tubiflorales, 918 Tupeia (Loranth.), -336 Turnip, 432 Turrigera (Asclep.), 664 Turritis (Crucif.), -451 Tussock-grass, 227, 947 Tylimanthus (Hepat.), 56, 62. Plate vi Typha, 146 TYPHACE^:, 146, 909 T TGNI (Myrt), 602 ^ Ulex (Legum.), 487, 499, 952 Ulota (Musci), 7, 64, 82, 1 10, 122, 417. PI. ix Umbellales, 916 UM BELLI FERJE, 6lf), 916 Uncinia (Cyperac.), 257, 268, 951 Unicorn-plant Fain., 730, 919 Urtica, 331 URTICACE.C, 330, 910 Urticales, 910 Usillo, 867 Usnea, 29 UTRICULARIACE-E, (Lentibulariaceae) 730. 919 WACCINIUM (Eric.), 648 Valeriana, 745 VALERIANACE-E, 744, 919 Valerianella, 750 Valerian Fam., 744, 919 Vallisneria, 153 VALLISNERIACE^E, 153, 909 Vegetation of W. Patagon., I Velvet-grass (Holcus), 196 Venus's Looking-glass, 752 Verbena, 681. Plate xxiii VERBENACE.E, 680, 918 Verbesina (Comp.), 823 Vernal-grass (Anthox.), 166 Vernonia (Comp.), 773 Vernonieae, 765, 766 Veronica (Scroph.), 722, 946 Vervain (Verbena), 681 . Vesicaria (Crucif.), -439 Vetch, 521 Vicia (Legum.), 488, 521. Plate xx Vicieae (Legum.), 488 Villanova (Comp.), 825 Viola, 580 VIOLACE^:, 580, 915 Violet Fam., 580, 915 Vittadinia (Comp.), 797, 953 Vulpia (Gram.), Supp. p. 961 AXTAHLENBERGIA (Campan.), 752 Wall-barley, 250 Washingtonia (Umbel.), -637 Water-chickweed, 381 982 INDEX. Water-cress (Roripa), 434 Water- ferns, 135 Waterleaf-Fam., 673, 918 Water-milfoil, 615, 916 Water-plantain, 152, 909 Water-starwort, 556, 914 Weather-glass, 653 Webera (Musci), 64, 94, -97, "3, 123- PI- x Wedelia (Comp.), 822 Weinmannia (Cunon.), 466, (,5;, Wendtia (Geran.), 536 Wheat-grass, 245 Whitlow-grass (Draba), 441 Whorl-grass (Catabrosa), 216 Wild-barley, 251 Wild-rye (Elymus), 252 Willow Fam., 325, 910 Willow-herb, 607 Willugbaea (Comp.), 777 Wilsonia (Convolv.), 666 Windmannia (Cun.), -466, 953 Winter's-bark (Drimys), 6, 419 Wiry grass (Deschamp.), 199, 947 Wolffia (Lemn.), -290 Wolffiella (Lemn.), 291 Woodsorrel (Oxalis), 537 Wormwood (Artemisia), 832 VANTHIUM (Comp.), 821 ^ Xeranthus (Portul.), -381 Ximenesia (Comp.), -823 Ximenia (Olac.), 344 ARROW (Achillea), 829 Yerba de Perdiz, 474 Yew Fam., 142 7 EPHYRANTHES (Amaryl.), 310 Zizaniopsis (Gramin.), 156, 166 Zuccagnia (Legum.), 486, 494 Zygodon (Musci), 84, in, 122. Plate ix ZYGOPHYLLACE^, 544, 914 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX. PAGE Ac/ENA PINNATIFIDA Ruiz & Pav. ........ 482 The main figure gives the general habit ; of natural size. fl, flower, showing the bracts and spines. fr, fruit. gl, glochidiate spine. These figures are magnified. (VOL. vni) PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL.VIII. PLATE xix West Newman uop RkP PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX. PAGE VICIA BIJUGA Gillies. . . . . . . . . . . . 522 The main figure gives the general habit ; of natural size. 0, ala of flower. f, carina. f, young fruit. /, leaf. si, stipules. v, vexillum (standard) of flower. These figures are all magnified. (VOL. vin) PAEAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VoL.vm. PLATE xx VIC I A BIJUGA (0iU,J EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI. PAGE A, ABUTILON VIDALII (Philippi) Speg. . 570 Main figure being a branch about natural size. e, essential organs. f, gynecium. h, stellate hairs. o, ovule ; below o, a cross-section of ovary. s, a longitudinal section of ovary. st, stipules, subtending petiole and pedicel. M. MYOSURUS GRACILIS Spegazzini 403 Three general figures, of natural size, and magnified, to show the habit. a, achenes, one of them in section, showing the seed. fl, flower. s, sepal and stamen. These figures all magnified. S. SAMOLUS SPATHULATUS Cavanilles . . . . . . . . 652 The central figure shows the general habit, of natural size. c, corolla, bearing stamens and staminodes. f, flower. fr, fruit, 2 sepals partially severed from it. o, ovule. os, ovary-sections, showing seeds. These figures all magnified. (VOL. vni.) PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VoL.vm. Pi, ATE XXI. •;rson del., J.N.Fitch litli . West, Newman imp A.ABUTILON VIDALII (FhJ M. MYOSURTJS GHACILIS S. SAMOLiUS SPATHULATUS (Co,*,) EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII. PAGE A. AZORELLA C^SPITOSA Cav 627 es, essential organs of the flower, showing also the calyx-teeth and the stylopodium. f, flower ; fb, unopened flowers, and bracts. _/?, floral leaves and opening umbel. g, gynecium with subtending bract. hb, habit, natural size. /, older leaves. s, seeds, ventral aspect and dorso-lateral section. All magnified, except hb. B. ANEMONE MULTIFIDA Poir ,40! General habit, natural size, showing the' flower and also the fruit, a, an achene, magnified. (VOL. vni.) PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VIII. PLATE xxii. : : '»'ewir.»n chr. A. AZOBELLA OESPITOSA Car. B ANEMQNE MULTIPII \ EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII. PAGE. VERBENA CARROO Spegazzini ......... 684 b, bract, this year's leaf. ca, calyx, spread out. co, corolla, spread out so as to show the stamens. dl, decussate leaves, on short branches, side views, and also from above. fr, fruit in section. gy, gynecium and lateral view of fruit. hb, general habit, natural size. in, inflorescence, with bracts and this year's leaves. /, leaves of abortive branchlets. All except hb enlarged. ( VOL. viii. ) PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VIII PLATE xxm. dl f fb CO fr -.arson de We«i,Newm« VERBENA CARROO Sgeg. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIV. PAGE. A. SCUTELLARIA NUMMULARI^EFOLIA Hook. f. ...... 695 B, SATUREIA DARWINII (Benth. sub Micromeria) Briq. .... 697 ca, calyx. co, corolla with andrecium. /(in A\ flower. gy, gynecium. h, general habit. * (in B], inflorescence, and general view of the flowers and leaves. // (in A), leaves. n (in A), node with section of stem. s, nucule with seed. h, h, are of the natural size, the others somewhat magnified. (VOL. viii. ) PATAQONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VIII. PLATE xxiv. y s ca ^ CO I F.v.Iterson del. J.N.Fitch lith Wesl, Newman chr A. SCUTELLARIA NUMMULARI^FOLIA-.jStaifr f. B. SATUREIA DARWINTI, (BentfaJ EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV. PAGE A. PLANTAGO BARB ATA Forst. . . . . . . . . . 73 2 B. P. MONANTHOS d'Urv 736 C. P. CCELORHIZA Morris & Macl 734 Explanation of reference letters: a (in JB)t apex of leaf. an, andrecium, inserted on the corolla. b, bracts (in C enclosing the ovary). e (in C), embryo in sectioned-seed. fl, flower (in C enclosed by the bracts). gy, gynecium, ovary and style. £s> gynecium (ovary) in section. ht habit of plant, showing its leaves, inflorescence, and rootstock. / (in B and C), enlarged leaf. ov, ovary, with the sepals detached. r (in C), rootstock, sectioned, showing its hollow structure (in this species). s (in C), seta of leaf. sp (in A), spike. ss (in A and C), seeds, in the opened fruit, and one separate. Figs, h and r of the natural size ; the others magnified. ( VOL. vin. ) PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VIII PLATE xxv. an ,erson del. J.N.Fitci West.Newrr,-- A. PLANTAGO BARBATA Forst. B. P. MONANTHOS d'Urr. C P. CCELORHIZA Morris & Mad. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVI. PAGE BOOPIS SCAPIGERA Remy 761 Central figure, showing general habit, with the scapes and flower-heads and radical leaves. a, andrecium. a, (lower) part of andrecium and perianth-leaves. br, bracts and young heads. c, crown of root, showing the radiating scapes and petioles. fb,fb, capitulum in bud and expanded. // flowers. fr, fruit, in section. £?> /?> gynecium. h, head (from underneath). All except the central figure are somewhat magnified. (Delete " Gag" from the name.) (VOL. vin.) PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VHI. PLATE xxvi. cb 1 fb F.v.Iterson del. J.W.Fitch lith. Wesl, N«wmar. chr. BOOPIS 3CAPIGERA, . EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVII. PAGE A. LEPIDOPHYLLUM CUPRESSIFORME (Pers.) Cass. ..... 782 B. NARDOPHYLLUM HUMILE (Hook, f.) A. Gray. ..... 783 In both species: a, andrecium within the opened corolla of a disk-flower. b (in B), a leafy branch. be, a branch with its leaves and the terminal capitulum. f, disk-flower, showing the gynecium and the pappus. Beside this in A is a pappus-pale, and above it in B, a pappus-seta. g, gynecium, dissected so as to show the erect ovule and the style and stigmas. h, general habit of the plant. /, leaves. Ig (in A), ligule of a ray-flower, as seen at rf, which is a ray-flower. s, style branches of A ; in B these are seen in fig. g . In A, the be on the right side is attended by one of its inner involucral scales, and by a young achene. The corresponding figure of B has two involucral scales separately shown : b of B is a young branch with subsessile capitula. All the figures except h, h, are magnified : h, h, are of the natural size. (VOL. vni.) PATAQONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VIII. PLATE x>: B a ,n del. IN.Pitc';. West. N A. LEPIDOPHYLLUM CUPRE SSIFOEME (Pers.) Cass B. NARDOPHYLLUM HUMILE (ifook.fvl.) A.G EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIII. PAGE. A. NASSAUVIA NORDENSKJOLDII O. Hoffmann . . . . . . .881 B. N. BRYOIDES O. Hoffmann .......... 878 a, andrecium. b, branch with terminal capitulum (in B), with terminal glomerulus (in A) ; also exhibiting the peculiar leaf-growth. f, capitulum, with involucre. co (in A), corolla, expanded to show its bilabiate form. f, flowers, from different sides ; one in B from inside showing stamens. g, gynecium, with style, and (in B) its silky indument. //, general habit. i, involucral scales and bracts. /, leaves. Ib (in B\ terminal leaf-rosette. /, paleae of pappus. st, style-branches. //, k, are of natural size, the other figures modified. (Note, the title of the plate has misprints in the words NASSAUVIA and BRYOIDES.) (VOL. VIM.) PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VIII. PLATE xxvin. A F.vlterson del. J.N.Fitch lith West, Newman ohr A. NASSANVIA NORDENSKJOLDII O.ffo: B. N. CRYOIDES EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIX. PAGE. PEREZIA RECURVATA (Vahl) Less . 896 an, an, andrecium, the lower figure showing its insertion in the tube of the bilabiate corolla. 6, leaf-bud. ce, corolla of disk-flower, with essential organs. df, df, disk-flower, the lower with the enclosing pappus, the upper passe, with pappus expanded. gy, gynecium. //, h, general habit of plant. 7, involucral scales. /, /, leaves; la, leaf-apex; Is, leaf-section. /, pappus ; ps, one of its setae ; st, style-branches. h, h, are of natural size ; the other figures magnified. ( VOL. VIII. ) PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL. vnr. PLATE x:- F.vlterson del. J.N. Fitch lit*. PEREZIA RECURVATA (VM.)£ess. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXX. (Prepared in Berlin through the courtesy of Dr. O. Hoffmann.) NEW COMPOSITE PAGE A. SENECIO HATCHERIANUS O. Hoffm. ........ 847 B. SENECIO DUSENII O. Hoffm. ......... 844 C. D. NASSAUVIA DUSENII O. Hoffm 879 E. TRIPTILION DUSENII O. Hoffm. ........ 885 All of natural size, and showing the general habit. (VOL. vi 1 1) PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL.VIII. PLATE xxx. Werner I Winter. Frankfort*., lith. NEW COMPOSITAE. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXI. PAGE BACCHARIS URVILLEANA Brongn. . 810 This plate, of an undescribed species, is a replica of Plate 61 in Brongniart's Voyage de la Coquille (1828-29). Prepared for us through the courtesy of Professor Lloyd and of the New York Botanical Garden. A. Branch of fertile plant, showing the opposite leaves, and the corymbed heads of pistillate flowers. B. Branchlet of the sterile plant, with its heads of hermaphrodite, non-fertile flowers. Figs, i, 2. Fertile capitulum, and a flower of the same ; the latter showing the prob- ably 5-costate achenium. 3. Style-branches of the fertile flower. 4. Tip of one of the bristles of the pappus, much magnified. 4, 6, 7. A sterile (hermaphrodite) capitulum, also one of its rudimental ovaries, and one of its flowers, with the protruding stamens. 8. Two of the anthers, showing their apical appendage, and their basal rounded lobes. Figs, i and 5 also show the imbricating, subequal, involucral scales. (VOL. vin.) PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL.VIII. PLATE xxxi. '* Q 115 P85 1903 v.8 pt.2 Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia Reports B&ASci. PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY