BIOLOGY

/-

G

;^/^/-^4

._<&- /,

PTEROPHORID.E

OP

CALIFORNIA AND OREGON.

BY

THOMAS, LOKD WALSINGHAM.

LONDON:
JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW.

MDCCCLXXX.

BIOLOGY
UBRARY

FLAMMAM.

PRINTED BY TAYLOE AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

MAIN

OCFT.

PREFACE.

THE object of this pamphlet is to make known
several new species of Pterophoridse occurring in
California and Oregon, some of which may probably
have also a wider distribution. The types are at
present in my own collection, where they will always
be at the service of any entomologists who may be
engaged in the study of this group of insects on this
side of the Atlantic ; and I have given duplicates of
nearly all the species here described to a friend in
America, by whose known courtesy I feel sure that
they will there be made available, in the interests of
science, to all who may wish to see them.

WALSINGHAM.

562S5?

INTRODUCTION.

IN the course of a sporting-expedition through
California and Oregon, extending from the middle of
May 1871 to the end of June 1872, I devoted much
time to collecting Lepidoptera.

With the exception of about four months spent in
winter-quarters, in a log hut on the site of old Camp
Watson, about sixty miles from Canyon City, all my
time was passed in open camp, which gave me excep-
tional opportunities of collecting at all hours ; and as
my outfit was purposely adapted to the requirements
of a vagrant entomologist, as well as to those of a
sportsman, I was able, with the help of my energetic

vi INTKODUCTION.

assistant Thomas Eedle, to capture and set a great
number of specimens nearly every day, and to bring
them to Europe in the best possible condition.

One large tin case, divided into about seventy
partitions, was exclusively devoted to the rearing of
Microlepidoptera from their earlier stages, in as many
wide-mouthed glass bottles, which were corked or
covered with wire gauze, according to the circum-
stances of each particular case; but, although this
enabled me to ascertain the food-plants of many
interesting species, I unfortunately omitted to make
any sufficient descriptions or to preserve specimens of
the larvae.

The numerous species of Pterophoridae forming so
great a proportion in the rich results of this expedi-
tion prove that that group is strongly represented in
the Western States, and that the close resemblance to
European forms, which has so often been mentioned
by different writers as one of the characteristics of the
Lepidopterous Fauna of Western North America, is
here fully maintained.

INTRODUCTION. vii

The manner in which my journey was performed
has brought into some prominence the very interesting
but perplexing question of the value of apparently
specific differences. In consequence of my changing
the collecting-ground every two or three days, with
a few exceptions, throughout the season, by short
marches of from fifteen to thirty miles a day (moving
northwards in the summer of 1871 and southwards in
the spring of 1872), I was enabled to acquire a consi-
derable series of specimens of several species, ranging
perhaps, in some instances, over 100 or 150 miles of
country, exhibiting almost imperceptibly gradual but
extensive variation both in size and colour. In one or
two notable instances the range of this variation would
seem to include two or even three different forms,
which, if they had been found without their niter-
mediate connecting-links, would certainly have been
considered distinct species ; and even after a careful
comparison of an extended series, it must still remain,
in some cases, an open question whether they are or
are not entitled to specific rank.

In the genera Amblyptilns, Hiibner, (Edemato-

viii INTKODUCTION.

phorus, Wallengren, and even in Lioptilus, Hiibner,
this difficulty especially presents itself.

The Californian and Oregonian specimens of Am-
blyptilus certainly include examples which correspond
precisely with European specimens of A. acantho-
dactylus and A. cosmodactylus respectively ; and Prof.
Zeller informs me that he has bred these two forms
in Europe from larvae feeding on the same plants
of Aquilegia and Geranium pratense, but that he
omitted to take the necessary pains to make out their
characters in the larval stage.

My specimens of the genus (Edematophorus^ vary-
ing in size and colour between the two extreme
forms represented by those hereinafter described as
CE. grisescens and (E. guttatus, include several varieties
showing a gradual approximation in opposite direc-
tions to the intermediate species known as (E. creti-
dactylus, Fitch; and some of these can scarcely be
distinguished from the European (E. lithodactylus,
Treitschke; yet if this last species is not to be
confounded with cretidactylus (and it has certainly

INTRODUCTION. ix

some distinguishing characters, which have been care-
fully pointed out by Prof. Zeller, Verh. z.-b. Ges.
Wien, xxiv. p. 444), the two previously mentioned
must be even more clearly entitled to claim specific
recognition.

Under the name of (Edematophorus occidentals I
have ventured to include the two very different
varieties figured in Plate II. figs. 13, 14, partly on
the evidence afforded by a series of eight specimens
obtained on Mt. Shasta in August, which do not
vary among themselves, but appear to be exactly
equidistant between them, and partly because I have
other specimens from neighbouring localities which
are again intermediate in both directions between
the Shasta specimens and the two which have been
selected for illustration.

Again, in the genus Lioptilus, the two varieties
of L. homodactylus, Walker, would have been suffi-
ciently distinguished from each other by the difference
in the colour of their heads ; but an intermediate
shade of colour is observable in the heads of some

x INTEODUCTION.

specimens, which are also apparently intermediate
between them in other particulars.

The time will come when a careful and minute
study of these insects in their different stages of
development will throw more light upon the subject,
and will probably lead to some useful revision of
their synonymy ; but it is difficult to foresee whether
such a revision will tend to increase or to diminish
the number of determined species in such genera as
those above referred to.

Very few species of Pterophoridse have up to the
present time been recorded from North-west America.
Three were described by Mr. Packard in 1873, in the
'Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History, New
York,' vol. x. p. 266 &c., from California.

Of these the first, Pterophorus perymcilidactylus,
is the well-known Pterophorus monodactylus of
Linne, as pointed out by Prof. Zeller (Verb. z.-b.
Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 266).

The second, Pterophorus sulphureodactyhis, belongs

INTKODUCTIOK xi

to the genus Lioptilus, Wallengren, and is re-
described and figured in this pamphlet.

The third, Pterophorus cervinidactylus, to judge
from Mr. Packard's description, may probably be
found to be identical with the somewhat variable
and widely distributed Platyptilus bertrami, a Texan
variety of which has been described by Prof. Zeller
(Stett. ent. Zeit. 1867, p. 333) under the name of
P. bischoffii.

Mr. Walker (Cat. Lep. Het. xxx. p. 940) described
Pterophorus homodactylus from Vancouver's Island ;
and Prof. Zeller (Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxiv. pp. 444,
445) records (Edematophorus cretidactylus, Fitch,
and describes Lioptihis mattlmvianus, both also
from Vancouver's Island.

With these exceptions I am not aware of any
Pterophoridse having been alluded to by entomo-
logical authors as occurring in North-west America.

In this pamphlet I have described several new
species, giving figures of each ; and have given

xii INTRODUCTION.

figures also of such known species as were met with
in the course of my expedition.

Three species are figured here which do not, so far
as I am aware, occur in California or Oregon. Of
these, two — Lioptilus paleaceus, Zell., and Oxyptilus
periscelidactylus, Fitch — are given for convenience of
comparison with some of their near allies ; the other,
Platyptilus petrodactylus, Walk., to enable those who
have not access to Mr. Walker's types to become
acquainted, through this pamphlet, with all the
three North-American Pterophoridse which he has
described.

The arrangement followed here is that of Herr
Pastor Wallengren, as explained in his ' Skandi-
naviens Fjadermott,' published in 1859 (K. Vetensk.-
Akad. Handlingar, B. iii.), of which Prof. Zeller has
given an abs tract in the ' Stettiner ent. Zeitung ' for
1867, and of which the Latin diagnoses have been
translated by Dr. R. C. E. Jordan in a very useful
paper in the ' Entomologist's Monthly Magazine,'
nos. 65, 66, 67, for the months of October, November,
and December of the year 1869.

INTRODUCTION. xiii

The genera Platyptilus, Amblyptilus, and Aciptihts,
first characterized by Hiibner (Verz. pp. 429, 430),
were originally spelt Platyptilia, Amblyptilia, and
Aciptilia. I have followed Wallengren in adopting
the termination suggested by Zeller (Isis, 1841,
pp. 768-770), and in quoting Hiibner as the
authority for the sense in which they are used.

Dr. Jordan and Mr. Stainton both agree in re-
ferring the genus Chrysocorys, Hiibn., to the Ptero-
phoridre rather than to the Tineidse, and I have
followed those authors in including it here.

I cannot hope that this contribution to the history
of the North-American Pterophoridse will be even
nearly as useful as at one time I hoped and in-
tended it to be ; for instead of continuing to acquire
specimens of this group of insects, and to study them
whilst the recollection of those which I had seen in
American collections was fresh in my mind, owing
to a variety of other occupations withdrawing my
attention from the subject, I laid aside in 1873 (about
a year after my return to England) all the material,

xiv INTRODUCTION.

with the steel plates which had been prepared by the
late Mr. E. W. Robinson to illustrate it, and have
found myself at great disadvantage in taking it up
again after such a lapse of time. The plates them-
selves had become rusted, and could only be utilized
by printing first on stone, instead of working direct
from the steel ; this has impaired the clearness of
the delicate outlines in some cases, but I trust that
in the colouring this will be found to have been
remedied.

Whilst rendering my grateful acknowledgment
to Prof. P.- C. Zeller for his kind and courteous
replies to numerous queries which I have addressed
to him, and for the great assistance I have
derived from them, I must crave indulgence for
many and serious shortcomings in this humble
attempt to add to the knowledge of a somewhat
difficult group of insects.

WALSINGHAM.

April 26th, 1880.

XV

SYSTEMATIC INDEX,

CHRYSOCORYS, Curtis.

festaliella, Huln., PL I. fig. 1, p. 1.
felicella, Wlsm., PL L figs. 2, 2a, 2b, p. 2.

PLATYPTILUS,

bertrami, Rossi, PL I. fig. 3, p. 3.
adustus, Wlsm., PI. I. fig. 4, p. 5.
grandis, TFkm., PL I. fig. 5, p. 6.
cardui, Zell., PL I. fig. 6, p. 7.
percnodactylus, Wlsm., PL I. fig. 7, p. 8.
albidus, Wlsm., PL I. fig. 8, p. 10.
orthocarpi, Wlsm., PL I. fig. 9, p. 11.
albidorsellus, Wlsm., PL I. fig. 10, p. 13.
shastse, Wlsm., PL I. fig. 11, p. 14.
fragilis, Wlsm., PL I. fig. 12, p. 16.
albiciliatus, Wlsm., PL I. fig. 13, p. 17.
modestus, Wlsm., PL I. fig. 14, p. 18.
petrodactylus, Walk., PL II. fig. 15, p. 20.

AMBLYPTILUS, Hubner.

pica, Wlsm., PL II. fig. 1, p. 21.
cosmodactylus, Hiibn., PL II. figs. 2-4, p. 23.

OXYPTILUS, Zeller.

periscelidactylus, Fitch, PL II. fig. 5, p. 25.
ningoris, Wlsm., PL II. fig. 6, p. 26.
delawaricus, Zell., PL II. fig. 7, p. 29.
nigrocUiatus. Z<?ft., PL II. fig. 8, p. 31.

xvi SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

MIMESEOPTILUS, Wallengren.

exclamationis, Wlsm., PL II. fig. 10, p. 32.

(EDEMATOPHORUS, Wallengren.

grisescens, Wlsm., PL II. fig. 11, p. 34.
cretidactylus, Fitch, p. 35.
guttatus, Wlsm., PI. II. fig. 12, p. 36.
occidentalis, Wlsm., PI. II. figs. 13, 14, p. 37.

PTEROPHORUS, Wallengren.

monodactylus, Linn., PI. II. fig. 16, PL III. fig. 1, p. 39.

LIOPTILITS, Wallengren.

paleaceus, Zell., PL III. fig. 2, p. 41.
stramineus, Wlsm., PL III. fig. 3, p. 41.
angustus, Wlsm., PL III. fig. 4, p. 43.
inconditus, Wlsm., PL III. fig. 5, p. 44.
agraphodactylus, Walk., PL III. fig. 6, p. 46.
sulphureus, Wlsm., PL III. fig. 7, p. 48.
homodactylus, Walk., PL III. figs. 8, 9, p. 50.
subochraceus, Wlsm., PL III. fig. 10, p. 53.
helianthi, Wlsm., PL III. fig. 11, p. 54.
parvus, Wlsm., PL III. fig. 12, p. 55.

ACIPTILUS, Hubner.

cinerascens, Wlsm., PL III. fig. 13, p. 57.
montamis, Wlsm., PL III. fig. 14, p. 59.
californicus, Wlsm., PL II. fig. 9, p. 60.

TRICHOPTILUS, Walsingham.

pygmaeus, Wlsm., PL III. fig. 15, p. 64.

ALUCITA, Zeller.

hexadactyla, Linn., PL III. fig. 16, p. 66.

PTEROPHORID^l

OF

CALIFORNIA AND OREGON,

CHRYSOCORYS, Curtis.
Chrysocorys festaliella,

(PLATE I. FIG. 1.)
Schreckensteinia festaliella, Hiibn., Wocke, Cat. 2705.

Of this species six specimens occurred on the 29th
May, 1871, in Mendocino County, California, and
three more early in June of the following year on
the coast near Klamath River. They appear to be
in all respects the same as European specimens,
having also the same habit of frequenting one or
more species of the genus Eubus.

The only Chrysocorys at present described as
occurring in North America, C. erythriella, Clemens
(Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1860, p. 168), is very closely
allied to this species.

I have examined Dr. Clernens's type in the collec-
tion of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, as
well as two specimens in Mr. Stain ton's collection.

The differences which exist between them are ivell

B

*2 CHEYSOCOEYS.

expressed in a letter which I received from Mr.
Stainton, who kindly examined my Californian speci-
mens in June 1873 : —

" My impression is that your Chrysocorys are
festaliella. C. erythriella is smaller and darker, and
the dark streak near the inner margin seems to stop
at the anal angle, instead of turning up along the
hind margin to terminate at the apex, as in our
festaliella."

Chrysocorys felicella, sp. nov.

(PLATE I. FIGS. 2, 2 a, 26.)

Capite, palpis thorace et abdomine nitide griseo-fuscis.
Antennis setaceis.

Alis anticis sericeis, subpurpurascenti-fuscis, ciliis uni-
coloribus ; posticis cum ciliis brunneo-fuscis.

Tibiis et calcaribus subnitidis.

Head, face, thorax, and abdomen smooth, with closely
appressed, shining, greyish-fuscous scales ; the
palpi drooping, scarcely recurved, the second
joint with a few projecting scales in front, the
third joint smooth and of equal length with the
second ; the tongue distinctly yellowish.

The underside of the thorax and abdomen shining,
almost metallic, whitish grey.

Fore wings unicolorous, smooth, rather shining, fus-
cous, with a very slight purplish tinge ; the cilia
the same.

PLATYPTILUS. 3

Hind wings and cilia rather pale brownish fuscous.
The legs rather shining brownish grey ; the third

pair armed, as in C. festaliella, with moderately

long spurs of the same colour.

Expanse 9 millims.

The small, green, and slightly hairy larvae were
found feeding (April 16th), in Northern Oregon, on
a species of Orthocarpus, and again, on another
species of the same plant, at the end of June, near
Eureka, in Humboldt County, California. Three
specimens bred from the former emerged at the
beginning of May, and one specimen from the latter
on the 10th of July.

The larva appeared to draw together the slender
leaves at the terminal shoots of the food-plant, and
constructed a white open network cocoon, in which
the pupa was distinctly visible.

PLATYPTILUS, miner.
Platyptilus bertrami, Rossi

(PLATE I. FIG. 3.)

Platyptilia bertrami, Rossi., Wocke, Cat. 3122.
Platyptilus bischoffii, Zell. Stet. ent. Zeit, 1867, p. 333.
Platyptilia bischoffii, Zell. Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxiii. p. 317.
? Pterophorus cervinidactylus, Packard, Ann. Lye. Nat, Hist. New
York, vol. x. pp. 266, 267 (1873).

I have carefully compared a series of Californian

specimens with an equal number of English examples

B 2

4 PLATYPTILUS.

of P. bertrami, and am unable to detect any re-
cognizable difference. The Californian form does
not possess the unicolorous white hind feet which,
according to Prof. Zeller, distinguish his Texan
Platyptilus bischoffii from the European species.

The only other species to which it might perhaps
be referred is Pterophorus cervinidactylus, Packard
(Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. x. 266) ; but that species
is described as having the " fringe " (of the fore wings)
" concolorous with the wing," which is stated to be
" fawn-brown." If this may be read as intended to
refer to the pale ground-colour of the wing (the
" paler subochreous along the inner edge "), the
description exactly applies to my specimens and to
the European species. The only other point in which
it scarcely agrees with P. bertrami is in the " black
dot just above and near the end of the split."
American and English specimens of P. bertrami
have a few dark scales near the end of the fissure,
some above and some below it ; but they scarcely
amount to what may be called a black dot.

I am nevertheless inclined to think that this will
be found to be the species described by Mr. Packard.

Since writing the above, I have heard from Prof.
Zeller that he is now inclined to regard bertrami,
ochrodactylus, and bischoffii as all belonging to the
same species.

Taken not uncommonly in Mendocino and Lake

PLATYPTILUS. 5

Counties, California, June 1st to 18th, 1871, and on
the Siskiyou Mountains, June 8th, 1872.

Some varieties, also from California and Oregon,
are decidedly paler than the figure, indeed so much
so as to suggest the idea that they may possibly be
distinct ; but I have an equally pale specimen bred
from a larva found in England.

Platyptilus adustus, sp. nov.

(PLATE I. FIG. 4.)

Capite, palpis et alls anticis aduste cervinis, parum
partim sublituratis^ costa vix infuscata, lineola ad
bases ciliorum marginis apicalis brunnea.

Alis posticis bnmneis, digito tertio paulo pallidiore.

Head, face, palpi, and antennae, together with the
projecting frontal tuft, fawn-colour, with a
browned or burnt appearance.

The anterior wings the same, but with very faint
indications of paler blotches about the dorsal
margin and above the fissure. The costa is of
a slightly darker shade, and a slender brownish
line runs along the base of the cilia on the
apical margin ; the cilia are scarcely paler than
the fore wings.

Hind wings with the two anterior lobes more brown-
ish ; the posterior lobe of the same colour as the
fore wings.

Legs pale fawn-colour ; the feet and anterior portions
of the tibiae scarcely paler.

Expanse 23 millims.

6 PLATYPTILUS.

Siskiyou Mountains, California, June 1872.

- Distinguished from P. bertrami by its brown head
and frontal tuft, and by the darker cilia of the
apical margin, as well as by its more uniformly
brownish colour.

Platyptilus grandis, sp. nov.

(PLATE I. FIG. '5.)

Capite, palpis etflocco front ali brevi dilute cervinis.

Alls anticis costa, punctis duobus elongatis ante
medium et macula triangulari costali ante fissu-
ram brunneo-fuscis, regione apicali adumbrata,
lineola subapicali et ciliis palUdioribus, ciliis
in sinu marginis dorsalis et ad angulum analem
brunneo-fuscis ; posticis dilute brunneo-cervinis.

Head, palpi, and frontal tuft pale fawn-colour, the
latter shorter than in the smaller allied species,
P. bertrami and P. adustus ; antennae fawn-
brown, faintly spotted on their upperside.

Anterior wings pale fawn-colour ; the costa tinged
with brownish fuscous as far as the triangular
costal blotch before the fissure, which is of the
same colour; two brownish-fuscous elongated
dots are situated before the middle of the wing,
the lower one of these being nearest to the base.
Beyond the costal triangle, after a pale intervening
space, the lobes above and below the fissure are
shaded with fawn-brown to the apical margin.

PLATYPTILUS. 7

but crossed by a slender pale waved line running
parallel to it. A brownish line runs along the
base of the cilia, terminating in a brownish-
fuscous shade at the anal angle. The cilia on
the dorsal margin are brownish fuscous except
immediately before the anal angle, where they
are very pale fawn-colour.

Hind wings fawn-brown, with paler cilia, except those

on the dorsal margin of the third lobe, which

are tinged with brownish fuscous.
Legs and spurs very pale fawn-colour. The hinder

extremities of the third pair of tibiae slightly

darkened.
Expanse 36 millims.

I took three specimens of this large and distinct
species on M'Leod Creek, near Mount Shasta, Cali-
fornia, at the latter end of August 1871.

Platyptilus cardui.

(PLATE I. FIG. 6.)

Pterophorus carduidactylus, Riley, Rep. Ins. Miss. i. 1869, pp. 180,

181, pi. 2. figs. 13, 14.
Platyptilia cardui, Zell. Stet. ent. Zeit. xxxii. p. 179 ; Yerh. z.-b.

Ges. Wien, 1873, xxiii. p. 318.

I have adopted Zeller's name for this species in
preference to the mixed name originally given to it
by Professor Biley. It occurred in Northern Cali-
fornia in Junel872, flying among mixed growth at
springs on a hill-side. The specimens are perhaps

8 PLATYPTILUS.

somewhat paler than those which I have seen
from the Eastern States, and seem to be almost
undistinguishable from the European P. zetterstedtii,
Zeller (Isis, 1841, p. 777). Prof. Zeller (Verh.
z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1873, pp. 119, 120) carefully com-
pares the two species. He relies, amongst other
points, upon the extent of the brown colour upon
the hind legs between the two pairs of spurs, as
pointing to a sure specific difference ("An der
Hinterschienenspitze nimmt bei diesem Texaner Ex-
emplar die braune Farbe weniger als den halben
Kaum zwischen den zwei Sporenpaaren ein, bei
cardui f ").

I observe that in my Californian examples the
brown colour occupies fully one half of the space
between the two pairs of spurs. The habits of the
two species in their larval stages are undoubtedly
very distinct, the European zetterstedtii feeding singly
in stems of Senecio nemorensis, the American cardui
being gregarious on heads of thistles (Cirsium Ian-
ceolatum).

Platyptilus percnodactylus, sp. nov.

(PLATE I. FlG. 7.)

Copite, palpis et alls anticis dilute brunneis, lituris
apud fasuram et marginem dorsalem, et lineola
subapicali pallidioribus, macula triangulari cos-

PLATYPTILUS. 9

tali, maryine apicali et ciliis brunneis ; post ids
brunneis, ciliis digiti tertii squamis fusco-brun-
neis apud medium marginis dorsalis ornatis.

Head and palpi pale brown; the antennae spotted
above with brown and whitish.

Fore wings pale brown, with very pale fawn-coloured
diffused blotches, one above the base of the
fissure reaching to the costa, another below the
costal triangle, and another at the base of the
dorsal margin; a pale line runs parallel to the
apical margin; beyond this line the apical
margin is shaded with brown, a pale line running
along the base of the cilia, which are brown,
except within the fissure and before the anal
angle; a small dot of brownish-fuscous scales
lies beyond the middle of the dorsal margin at
the commencement of the dorsal cilia.

Hind wings brown, the third lobe slightly paler
towards the base and ornamented with a spot of
brownish-fuscous scales in the cilia on its dorsal
margin.

Legs slender, whitish fawn, slightly thickened and
touched with brown at all the joints ; the spurs
pale.

Abdomen brownish, paler at the base.

Expanse 22 millims.

Hatchet Creek, Shasta County, California, July
14th, 1871.

This species is allied to P. zetterstedtii and P.
cardui\ but" the fore wings are shorter, the apex less

10 PLATYPTILUS.

produced, the legs more slender, the whole insect
having a less robust appearance.

It approaches more nearly to P. gonodactylus,
Schiff.

Platyptilus albidus, sp. nov.

(PLATE I. FIG. 8.)

Capite et thorace cinereo-albidis.

Alls anticis cinereo-albidis, macula triangulari costali
brunnea, costa et margine apicali brunneo suffu-
sis, ciliis albidis ; posticis cum ciliis unicoloribus
dilute brunneis.

Tibiis posticis cinereis, pedibus et calcaribus paulo
pallidioribus.

Head, palpi, and thorax bluish white; antennae
dotted above.

Fore wings bluish white, dusted with brownish scales,
much suffused towards the apical margin with
greyish brown ; a pale line running from the
apex across the fissure parallel with the apical
margin, and a pale space immediately beyond
the triangular costal patch ; the costa is dusted
with brown, the triangular patch brown, the
dorsal margin touched with brown. A faint in-
dication of two brown spots before the middle
of the wing; the upper one twice as far from
the base as the lower ; and a brown line running
along the base of the cilia on the apical margin,

PLATYPTILUS. 11

which are otherwise white except at the anal
angle.

Hind wings brown, with unicolorous brown cilia,
those on the dorsal margin of the third lobe only
being slightly paler at their base.

The third pair of legs suffused with ashy fuscous;
the spurs and feet only slightly paler.

Expanse 24 millims.

Twelve specimens taken on the banks of Kouge
River, in Southern Oregon, May 7th, 1872, others
having been met with in Lake County, California,
June 18th, 1871.

This species differs from the following, P. ortho-
car 'pi , in its whiter head, in the unicolorous brown
fringes of the lobes of the hind wings, and in the
cinereous hind legs, which have not the same con-
spicuous white annulations beneath the joints as in
that species ; moreover, the triangular costal patch is
straighter at its outer margin (i. e. less produced out-
wards) ; the apex and the ground-colour of the fore
wings bluish white

Platyptilus orthocarpi, sp. nov.

(PLATE I. FIG. 9.)

Capite subochraceo.

Alis anticis subochraceo-cinereis, macula triangulari
costali et margine apicali fusci-s, costa fusco

12 PLATYPTILUS.

atomosa; post ids brunneis, ciliorwn basibus
albidis.

Tibiis cinereis, albido annulatis, pedibus et calcari-
bus albidis.

Head and palpi rather ochreous ; frontal tuft short.

Fore wings thickly dusted with brownish ochreous ;
the costa irrorated with fuscous, the two ante-
median spots and the triangular costal patch
fuscous; the line at the base of the white
fringes on the apical margin brownish fuscous ;
the space beyond the triangular patch and the
submarginal line conspicuously whitish, the in-
tervening shade brown.

Hind wings brown, with brownish fringes, which
have their bases distinctly whitish ; a few fuscous
scales on the dorsal margin of the third lobe
near the base.

The third pair of legs cinereous, with conspicuous
whitish annulations below each joint, the spurs
and feet being also white ; the triangular costal
patch more produced towards the apex than in
the preceding species.

Expanse 25 millims.

This species occurs in Northern Oregon ; the larvae
were found feeding on buds and flowers of a species
of Orthocarpus, Nuttall (one of the Scrophularinese),
on Current Creek, an affluent of the John-Day River,
April 16th, 1872, from which four specimens of the
imago were bred in June.

PLATYPTILUS. 13

Platyptilus albidorsellus, sp. nov.

(PLATE I. FIG. 10.)

Capite albido etfusco irrorato.

Alis anticis albidis, costa et macula triangulari cos-
tali brunneis, regione apicali brunneo suffusa,
lineolam albam obliqiiam gerente ; posticis brun-
neis, ciliorum basibus albidis.

Tibiis posticis cinereis, pedibus et calcaribus paulo
pallidioribus.

Head and palpi cinereous, sprinkled with whitish
scales; frontal tuft short.

Thorax sprinkled cinereous and whitish.

Fore wings white, with two brown antemedian spots ;
the costa thickly dusted with brown, forming a
gradually widening streak from the base to the
triangular brown costal patch. The dorsal mar-
gin touched with brown, with a spot of the same
colour at the commencement of the dorsal cilia.
The apical region is suffused with paler brown,
separated from the triangular patch by a white
space, and from the apical margin by a slender
oblique white line crossing the two lobes; the
line at the base of the white cilia is brown.

Hind wings brown, with decidedly pale bases to the
brown cilia on every lobe.

The posterior pair of legs are clouded with cinereous ;
the spurs and feet scarcely whitish.

Expanse 30 millims.

14 PLATYPTILUS.

Separated from the two preceding species by its
much larger size as well as by the more slender and
more oblique pale line near the apical margin.

The dark costal shade is wider at its junction with
the triangular costal patch.

The pale bases of the cilia of the hind wings sepa-
rate it more particularly from P. allidus, and the
whiter fore wings and more uniformly cinereous legs
from P. orthocarpi.

Three specimens occurred (June 10th and 16th,
1871) in Mendocino and Lake Counties, California.

I have met with no intermediate connecting links
between this species and its near allies either in size
or colour.

Platyptilus shastse, sp. nov.

(PLATE I. FlG. 11.)

Tenuis.
Capite albo.

Thorace et alis anticis albidis, cinereo atomosis, macula
triangulari costali brunnea, lineola subapicali
tenuissime albida, apice costse albo, linea in basi
ciliorum alborum brunnea; posticis dilute cine-
reis, ciliis unicoloribus.

Tibiis posticis cinereis, pedibus et calcaribus pallidi-
oribus.

PLATYPTILUS. 15

Slender and of delicate appearance.

Head white ; palpi white, touched with cinereous at
the sides ; antennae dotted above.

Thorax dusted with cinereous.

Fore wings narrow, whitish, dusted with cinereous
atoms, especially along the costa ; the triangular
costal patch brown, followed by the usual pale
space ; a brown line along the base of the white
fringes ; a very slender whitish line, running
parallel to the apical margin, terminates in a
white dash on the costa, reaching to the extreme
apex ; the antemedian dots scarcely indicated.

Hind wings pale cinereous, the third lobe perhaps
slightly the lightest in colour ; fringes nearly uni-
colorous, pale cinereous, scarcely paler at their
bases.

Abdomen yellowish white.

The third pair of legs cinereous, slightly whitish below
each joint and on the spurs and feet.

Expanse 20 millims.

This species may be distinguished by its slender
appearance and narrow fore wings, which are so deli-
cately dusted as to be of almost the same shade as the
pale cinereous hind wings, which separate it at once
from any of its allies now described.

I found only one specimen of this species, flying

16 PLATYPTILUS.

among plants of Arnica angustifolia, at an elevation
of about 6700 feet, on Mt. Shasta, California, in
August 1871.

Platyptilus fragilis, sp. nov.

(PLATE I. FIG. 12.)

Capite, thorace et alis anticis subochraceo-albidis, ma-
cula triangulari, punctis duobus ante medium et
linea in basi ciliorum marginis apicalis brunneis.

Alis posticis dilute brunneis, ciliis pallidioribus.
Tibiis posticis albidis, articulis brunneo dilute suffusis.

Head and thorax yellowish white ; the palpi touched
with cinereous.

Fore wings yellowish white, with the two antemedian
spots distinctly indicated ; these and the trian-
gular costal patch brown. The apical margin
brownish, the brown line running slightly within
the cilia scarcely at their extreme base ; two
small brownish dots in the cilia of the dorsal
margin before the anal angle.

Hind wings very pale brown, with paler cilia.

Abdomen and legs yellowish white, the joints only
slightly suffused with brownish.

Expanse 19 millims.

Two specimens taken (September 7th, 1871) near

PLATYPTILUS. 17

Lower Klamath Lake, at the extreme northern part
of Siskiyou County, California.

It is not impossible that this may be found to be
a variety of P. shastce described above, and that the
difference in colour may be partly owing to the
bleaching effect of a hot sun on the plains where it
occurred, the Shasta specimen having been met with
under the shade of a pine-forest. The main points of
difference are the yellowish tint of the fore wings, the
browner hind wings, and the decidedly whiter legs, of
which the joints only are suffused.

Platyptilus albiciliatns, sp. nov.

(PLATE I. FlG. 13.)

Capite et palpis cinnamomeis,floccofrontali brevi.
Antennis griseo punctatis.

Alls anticis cinnamomeis, thorace, costa et margine apt-
cali griseo atomosis, ciliis marginis apicalis albidis,
in basi cinnamomeis ; postids brunneis, ciliis in
basi pallidioribus.

Tibiw et tarsis subcinereis, pedibus paulo pallidioribus.

Head and palpi cinnamon-brown ; frontal tuft short.
Thorax greyish tawny.

Fore wings cinnamon-brown, dusted towards the costa
and apical margin with greyish ; near the latter
are also a few fuscous scales. The cilia of the

18 PLATYPT1LUS.

apical margin are white, their bases only being
of the same colour as the wings. There is no
indication of a spot near the fissure.

The hind wings are brown, with the cilia slightly
paler along their base.

Abdomen brown ; the third pair of legs brownish
cinereous ; the feet and spurs scarcely paler.

Expanse 24 millims.

The white apical half of the cilia is easily abraded,
and is not distinguishable in worn specimens ; but
the shorter frontal tuft at once distinguishes it from
P. adustus.

It approaches more nearly the genus Mimeseoptilus
in general appearance ; but the anal angle is more
strongly defined, and, indeed, it decidedly possesses
the generic characters of the genus to which I have
here referred it.

Six specimens, d and $ , were taken (May 30th,
1871) on the coast near Mendocino, California.

Platyptilus modestus, sp. nov.

(PLATE I. FIG. 1.4.)

Capite, palpis, antennis (dilute punctatis) et alls an-
ticis cinereis, costa ante fissuram fusco adum-
brata, triangulo costali vix indicate, puncto ante
apicem fssura? fusco ; ciliis intra fssuram et in

PLATYPTILUS. 19

margine dorsali albidis, in margine apicalifuscis
at bo terminates.

Alls et tibiis posticis cinereis, ciliis et pedibus paulo
pallidioribus.

Head and palpi cinereous; antennae slightly dotted
above.

Fore wings very narrow, cinereous, with a slight
ochreous tinge towards the dorsal margin. The
costa sprinkled and shaded with fuscous, the
fuscous shade widening towards the fissure, form-
ing an elongate but indistinct triangular costal
blotch. The apical portion of the wing more or
less shaded with fuscous, and a fuscous line along
the base of the cilia on the apical margin, which
are whitish at their points. The cilia within the
fissure and those along the dorsal margin before
the anal angle white, the latter containing a few
dark scales.

Hind wings cinereous; the cilia slightly paler, espe-
cially along their bases.

Posterior legs cinereous ; the feet slightly paler.
Expanse 22 millims.

This species, of which I took two specimens, in
fair, but not very good, condition, on the 4th of June,
1871, near Mendocino, in California, has narrow fore
wings, and is plain and inconspicuous ; the posterior
or anal angle of the fore wings is very well defined,

c z

20 PLATYPTILUS.

but in other respects it seems to approach very closely
the genus Mimeseoptilus.

Platyptilus petrodactylus.

(PLATE II. FIG. 15.)

Pterophorus petrodactylus,, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxx. pp. 940, 941 ,
nee petradactyla, Hiibn. Eur. Lep. 37, 38.

The fore wings are white, shaded with cinereous or
ashy-brownish scales, especially about the base
and towards the costa ; the costa itself is brownish
beyond the middle ; an oblique brownish-fuscous
dash comes from the costal cilia above the fissure,
starting from before the apex and pointing in-
wards more obliquely than the apical margin.
This dash is widest on the costa, tapering to a
point inwards, and is much darker, more fuscous,
at its lower portion. There is a cinereous shade
towards the apical margin, with a cinereous line
in the white cilia near their bases. The cilia
within the fissure are white, at the anal angle
shaded with fuscous ; there are no spots in the
pale cilia of the dorsal margin.

Hind wings very pale cinereous ; cilia very slightly
darker toward the points of the lobes.

Legs and body shaded cinereous ; the spurs apparently
equal ; the joints scarcely thickened.

Expanse 23 millims.

I have been utterly unable to reconcile Walker's

AMBLYPT1LUS. 21

description of this species with the specimen labelled
as from Arctic America, which appears to have been
placed by him in the space assigned to it above that
name.

It is not properly included in this pamphlet ; but
I have caused it to be figured here, and have given a
short redescription of the supposed type, for the use
of any American entomologists who may be unable to
refer to the typical specimens of Walker's species in
the British Museum.

The species is quite distinct from any other with
which I am acquainted, and in fair, although not
good, general condition.

It is certainly not " nearly allied to Lithodactylus"
as stated by Walker, although that statement was the
cause of its having been inadvertently figured in this
pamphlet amongst species of the genus (Edemato-
phorus rather than in its proper place.

AMBLYPTILUS, Hiibner.

Amblyptilus pica, sp. nov.

(PLATE II. FIG. 1.)

Capite et palpis cinereis albo atomosis.

Alis anticis albis,fusco nigroque maculatis^ ciliis albis,
in margine dor sail nigro bidentatis ; posticis
fusco-brunneis, ciliis digiti posterior is albidis
nigro conspicue irroratis et unidentatis.

22 AMBLTPTILUS.

Abdomine albo, nigro striato.

Tibiis et tarsis posterioribus albo etfusco annulatis.

Head and palpi cinereous, dusted with white scales.
Antenna? cinereous, faintly dotted with whitish
above.

The thorax white, touched with cinereous above and
at the sides, with two black spots behind.

Fore wings white, dusted with cinereous along their
costal half before the fissure ; the costa fuscous,
dotted with white ; a blackish spot before the
middle of the wing touching the costal shade ;
another nearer to the base below it ; a blackish-
fuscous, triangular, costal patch before the fissure,
followed by a conspicuous white space, beyond
which is a fuscous shade, crossing both lobes,
divided by a white line running parallel to the
apical margin, on which the cilia are white, dotted
with some fuscous. The dorsal half of the wing
is less shaded or dusted than the costal, and con-
tains two short, oblique, blackish dashes near the
middle, the second being followed by a straight
streak of brownish-fuscous scales running parallel
to the dorsal margin. The cilia on the dorsal
margin are white, with two distinct tooth-like
tufts of black scales ; the cilia within the fissure
are fuscous.

Hind wings fuscous-brown, with cilia of all the lobes
the same colour, except on the dorsal margin of
the third, where they are white irrorated with
black scales along the basal half, and bearing a

AMBLYPTILUS. 23

conspicuous projecting triangular tuft of black
scales beyond the middle, and a few more below
the apex of the lobe.

The abdomen is white above and beneath, with a
fuscous line along each side, which also crosses
it above near the base, and again below the
middle.

The third pair of legs are annulated with white and
fuscous-brown, the bases of the white spurs being
also fuscous.

Expanse 23 millims.

I took three specimens of this conspicuous and
distinct species in the forest of Taxodium semper-
virens near Crescent City, on the coast in the north
of California, about the 20th June, 1872. It is
allied to A. acanthodactylus and A. cosmodactylus of
Hiibner.

Amblyptilus cosmodactylus, Hii

(PLATE II. FIGS. 2, 3, 4.)
AnililyptiUa cosmodactyla, Hiibn., Wocke, Cat. 3131.

I have at least fifty specimens of this species
taken at different times and places, ranging from San
Francisco on the 16th of May to Mount Shasta at
the end of August 1871. The species seems to be
widely distributed and to be everywhere common.

I met with it again, early in April 1872, in the

24 AMBLYPTILUS.

north of Oregon; and bred it from larvse found
feeding on Orthocarpus in June of the same year in the
neighbourhood of Eouge River in Southern Oregon,
which I had expected to produce Platyptilus ortho-
carpi above described. The species must be at least
double-brooded, and it varies considerably in size and
in the intensity of its markings. I had at first some
doubts whether my numerous specimens might not
be separated into at least two species ; but a careful
examination and comparison of these with a series
of the European form, as well as the perfectly
regular and gentle gradations of size and colour by
which they are distinguished, tend to prove that
they all belong to the same.

Prof. Zeller, in his abstract of Wallengren's ' Scan-
dinaviens Fjadermott,' published in the Stettiner ent.
Zeitung, 1867, treats of cosmodactylus as identical
with ulodactyluSy Zett., and acanthodactylus, Hiibn. ;
and I am indebted to him for specimens of what
he understands by the first and last of these three
names. The two forms which he has so kindly sent
me are certainly included in my American series, of
which three varieties are figured here to facilitate
identification.

The expanse varies from 18 to 23 millims.

I am not acquainted with Pterophorus lobidac-

OXYPTILUS. 25

tylus, Fitch (Nox. Ins. New York, Rep. 1 & 2,
pp. 143, 144); but from his description it seems
possible that if it is not an Oxyptilus it may belong
to the genus, and perhaps to the species, here
mentioned.

OXYPTILUS, Zeller.

Oxyptilus periscelidactylus.

(PLATE II. FIG. 5.)

Pterophorus periscelidactylus, Pitch, Nox. Ins. N. Y. Rep. 1 & 2,

pp. 139, 143 ; Riley, Rep. Ins. Miss. i. pp. 137, 138, pi. xi.

figs. 15, 16, and iii. pp. 65-68 ; Pitch, Am. Ent. ii. pp. 234, 235.
Oxyptilus periscelidactylus, Zell. Stet. ent. Zeit. xxxii. p. 178 ; Yerh.

z.-b. Wien, xxiii. p. 319 ; Saunders, Can. Ent. v. pp. 99, 100 ;

Packard, Guide Stud. Ins. pp. 356, 357, pi. viii. fig. 23, a, 6.

This species has not, so far as I am aware, been
met with in California or Oregon. I have merely
caused it to be figured here for convenient compa-
rison with some of its allies, from which it differs
chiefly in its paler colouring and in the wider and
more conspicuous dark band on the third lobe of
the hind wings. The localities from which it has
been hitherto recorded are New York, Missouri, and
Texas.

The larva feeds on the vine.

26 OXYPTILUS.

Oxyptilus ningoris, Sp. uov.

(PLATE II. FIG. 6.)

Alis anticis fusco-brunneis, puncto in basi fissurce
albo, laciniis albo bistrigatis, puncto in qua-
drante marginis dorsalis albo, ciliis dorsalibus
albis fusco bidentatis, ante angulum analem
fuscis; ciliis marginis apicalis lacinice posticce
fuscis albo interruptis.

Alis posticis brunneo-fuscis, digit o tertio late albo
fasciato, apice utrinque atro sqiiamato ; digito
primo infra albo fasciato.

Abdomine brunneo-fusco, lineolis diversis albidis supra
notato, basi albo.

Tibiis et tarsis brunneo-fusco et albo alternates.

Head-brownish fuscous, sprinkled with whitish scales ;
the palpi whitish, but streaked with brownish
fuscous; antennae brownish, spotted on the
upperside with white.

Fore wings dull greyish brown ; the costa fuscous,
dusted with whitish scales ; a white spot at the
base of the fissure projecting upwards ; a some-
times inconspicuous white spot on the dorsal
margin one fourth from the base ; an ill-defined
whitish spot about the middle of the wing, and
two white bars on each lobe, the outer ones
directed obliquely inwards towards the dorsal
margin, the inner ones directed obliquely in-
wards towards the fissure. The cilia on the

OXYPTILUS. 27

dorsal margin are white, with two small teeth
of blackish scales, one before and one beyond
the base of the fissure, but at the anal angle
and somewhat before it they become distinctly
fuscous. At the extreme apex of the second
lobe and at the anal angle are small spots of
blackish scales in the base of the cilia, the cilia
immediately above the anal angle being white ;
the costal cilia above the apex of the anterior
lobe are white, those beneath it fuscous.

Hind wings brownish fuscous ; the first lobe barred
with white on its underside : the third lobe is
widely barred with white, the base of the cilia
at the extreme apex being also white; im-
mediately before the apex it is adorned with
blackish scales on both sides, extending further
along the lobe on the costal than on the dorsal
margin ; there are also a few scattered blackish
scales in the cilia on each side towards its base.
In many specimens the dorsal half of the third
lobe is also white from the base to the fascia.

Abdomen conspicuously greyish white at the base,
brownish fuscous beyond, but marked on its
upper surface with three pairs of slender white
streaks, diverging from the front to the back of
each of the anterior segments ; beyond them
crossed by lines of whitish scales.

The legs are white, distinctly and widely barred with
brownish fuscous; the spurs are long, white
on their upperside, fuscous beneath.

Expanse 15-20 millims.

28 OX17PTILUS.

I have this species from Sacramento in April,
from 'Mendocino County in May and June, and from
Shasta County as late as the 24th of July, 1871 ;
also from Fort the Dalles, on the Columbia River, in
April, and from Rouge River, in Southern Oregon, in
May 1872.

In spite of this very wide range of distribution,
the specimens vary scarcely at all in colour and
markings, although they differ somewhat in size.

It approaches very closely to the English Oxyptilus
teucrii of Jordan, Ent. Mon. Mag. vi. p. 14, differing
in the usually more conspicuous whitish spot on the
first fourth of the dorsal margin, in the hinder margin
of the second lobe of the fore wings being less clearly
defined against the base of the pale lunule, in the far
more conspicuous white base of its abdomen, arid in
the more striking whiteness of some part of the third
lobe of the hind wings.

I have an impression (in confirmation of which,
however, I can find no written memoranda) that this
insect flew in California among plants of a species of
Teucrium; and it was with some hesitation that I
was brought to believe in its distinctness from our
European 0. teucrii; but a careful comparison and
renewed examination, consequent upon a correspon-
dence with Prof. Zeller, has enabled me clearly to
distinguish them.

OXYPTILUS. 29

Oxyptilus delawaricus.

(PLATE II. FIG. 7.)
Oxyptilus delawaricus, Zell. Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxiii. p. 318.

Head light reddish brown; palpi projecting about
the length of the head beyond it, acuminate,
light reddish brown, whiter beneath and at the
tips ; antennae fuscous, dotted with white on
their uppersides.

Fore wings light reddish brown, paler than in 0. eri-
cetorum and 0. pilosellce ; but not so light as in
0. periscelidactylus. A few whitish scales are
scattered along the costa, which is also slightly
shaded with fuscous beyond the middle. There
is a faintly indicated whitish antemedian spot,
less conspicuous than in 0. piloselloe. An indi-
stinct pale spot lies on the dorsal margin one
fourth from the base. There is a white spot
at the base of the fissure, not preceded by a
dark shade as in our English examples of 0. pilo-
sellce, but somewhat extended upwards directly
towards the costa, and partly connected by a
line of white scales in the cilia within the cleft
to the first of two pairs of whitish bands which
cross the lobes : the first pair, before the middle
of the lobes, point obliquely outwards in oppo-
site directions, the lower one being somewhat
interrupted and less conspicuous than the upper ;
the second pair beyond the middle are narrower,
the upper one nearly straight, the lower one

30 OXYPTILUS.

more oblique, pointing outwards from the dorsal
margin. The costal cilia on the anterior lobe
are white up to the apex, as are also those in the
sinus on the outer margin of the falcate second
lobe and along the dorsal margin, except imme-
diately preceding the anal angle, where they are
broadly and distinctly fuscous. There is also a
fuscous spot in the cilia of the dorsal margin just
before the first pale transverse band. Within
the fissure the cilia are brownish fuscous.

The two anterior lobes of the hind wings are reddish
brown, redder than in 0. pilosellce, ericetorum,
or periscelidactylus ; the third lobe paler, some-
times touched with whitish, having a few blackish
scales along its hinder margin, and a triangular-
shaped patch of blackish scales immediately
preceding the whitish apex, with a few similar
scales on the costal margin above them. The
patch is of a different shape to that of 0. tenui-
dactylus, which is squarer, forming as it were a
more even spatule. Moreover the lobe itself is
less distinctly marked with white than in that
species.

The abdomen is yellowish white, at the base reddish
brown, indistinctly marked with whitish scales
and lines beyond, but not so conspicuously
marked as in tenuidactylus.

The legs are white, beautifully barred with dark
brown. The spurs white, marked with a brown
line along their inner surface.

Expanse 18 millims.

OXYPTILUS. 31

This species, probably more nearly allied to 0. pilo-
sellce than to any other, and intermediate between
0. tenuidactylus and 0. periscelidactylus, occurred
not uncommonly from July 17th to 25th, 1871, in
Shasta County, California. I was not aware that my
specimens agreed with 0. delawaricus until I sent
a specimen to Prof. Zeller, who considers them
identical, although his type is a little darker.

It is, perhaps, superfluous to publish this descrip-
tion ; but as Prof. Zeller described his species from a
single example, I venture to do so in case it may
ultimately be found that the Californian form is in
any way to be distinguished from that which occurs
in Delaware.

Oxyptilus nigrociliatus.

(PLATE II. FIG. 8.)

Occyptilus nigrociliatus. Zell. Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxiii. pp. 322,

323.
t^Pterophorus tenuidactylus, Fitch, Nox. Ins. N. Y.. Reps. 1 & 2,

p. 143.

The specimen here figured, which Prof. Zeller
informs me is identical with his 0. nigrociliatus, was
taken with many others, which exhibited no variation
whatever in colour, and scarcely any in size, on the
14th July, 1871, in Shasta County, California, the
only locality in the Western States where I met

32 MIMESEOPTILUS.

with it. It differs from specimens which 1 have
seen from the Eastern States under the name of
tenuidactylus in its paler (more reddish-brown)
colouring, and in the somewhat duller whitish mark-
ings of the abdomen on the upper and underside,
but not in the blackish fringes of the anterior lobe
within the fissure. Yet in form and in the arrange-
ment of its markings it seems to agree precisely with
Mr. Asa Fitch's species, of which I saw specimens in
the Central-Park Museum at New York. It is open
to question how far these two forms may be entitled
to be considered distinct ; but I must leave it to be
decided by some one who has a more extended series
of the undoubted 0. tenuidactylus to refer to.

Prof. Zeller gives Delaware as the habitat of
0. nigrociliatus.

MIMESEOPTILUS, Wallengren.

Mimeseoptilus exclamationis, sp. nov.
(PLATE II. FIG. 10.)

Capite griseo ; palpis supra yriseis, utrinque et infra
brunneis.

Alis anticis griseis, apud costam fusco atomosis,
punctis (uno ante medium, duobus ante fissuram)
fuscis ; not a elongata fusca supra fasuram^ in

MIMESEOPTILUS. 33

costa subreduplicata, punctum anterius indicat ;
ciliis fusco et albo alternatis : posticis cum ciliis
brunneis.

Tibiis supra brunneo suffusis, infra albidis.

Head and palpi above grey, the latter brownish at
the sides and beneath ; thorax grey ; antennae
brownish grey.

The fore wings grey, dusted with fuscous scales, es-
pecially towards the costa, and tinged on the
dorsal half with brownish ochreous ; from the
base a row of detached fuscous scales extends
along the lower edge of the cell one third of the
length of the wing ; a small elongated fuscous
dot lies below the costa before the middle.
There are two fuscous spots before the base of
the fissure, and beyond them on the anterior
lobe, pointing towards the upper spot, is a fus-
cous dash, resembling, together with the spot, a
note of exclamation ; above the fuscous spots
and dash are slightly indicated fuscous shades on
the costa. The cilia within the fissure are white,
along the apical margin cinereous, with a fuscous
line along their base, but interrupted with white
on the middle of the anterior and at the upper
angle of the posterior lobes.

Hind wings and their cilia brown.

Abdomen brownish ochreous.

Legs tinged with brownish above, whitish beneath ;

the feet white.
Expanse 22 millims.

D

34 (EDEMATOPHOBUS.

Seven specimens taken on the Siskiyou range of
mountains, on the borders of California and Oregon,
Tune 17th, 1872.

(EDEMATOPHORUS, Walhngren.

(Edematophorus grisescens, sp. nov.

(PLATE II. FIG. 11.)

Capite et thorace yriseis ; palpis yriseis, articulo

apicali supra fusco.
Alls anticis yriseis, fusco atomosis, alUdo suUitu-

ratis, dimidio dorsali ferruyineo attincto, ciliis

albido et yriseo alternatis ; posticis cum ciliis

cinereis.

Abdomine yriseo.

Tiliis posticis yriseo-albidis, articulis incrassatis et
calcaribus subfusco Jinitis.

Head and thorax grey ; palpi grey, the apical joint
touched with fuscous above ; antennae spotted
with grey and fuscous.

Fore wings grey, slightly blotched with white, and
dusted with fuscous scales, the dorsal half of the
wing being touched with ferruginous. Two
whitish spots on the costa, one before and one
beyond the base of the fissure, the latter ob-
liquely connected by whitish scales with the
base of the fissure itself; a whitish spot before
the middle of the dorsal margin, with an in-
distinct spot of fuscous scales immediately above

(EDEMATOPHOKUS. 35

it ; the cilia are mottled alternately white and
greyish fuscous.

Hind wings cinereous.

Abdomen greyish, mottled and dusted with fuscous.

The legs greyish white, slightly thickened at the
joints, which, with the extremities of the whitish
spurs, are touched with greyish fuscous.

On the underside the wings are all cinereous, the
costa and the cilia at the anal angle of the fore
wings and the body being whitish.

Expanse 29 millims.

Eight specimens bred from larvae feeding on a
species of Artemisia early in May 1872, on Rouge
River, Southern Oregon. This and the two following
species are all very nearly allied to the European
0. lithodactylus of Treitschke.

(Edematophorus cretidactylus *.

Pterophorus cretidactylus, Fitch, Nox. Ins. K Y,, Reps. 1 & 2, p. 142.
(Edematopliorvj cretidactylus, Zell. Verh. z.-b. Ges.TVien, xxiv. p. 444.

Several examples supposed at first to belong to the
species described above as 0. grisescens, but differing
in size and in the intensity of their colouring, were

* It is to be regretted that !Mr. Fiteh dicf not adopt a different
name for this species, cretidactylus being open to the same objection
as sulphureodactylus, carduidactylus, &c. I would suggest yypso-
dactylm, as conveying the same meaning in a preferable form.

D2

36 (EDEMATOPHOBUS.

met with from the middle of June to near the end of
July of the preceding year, in different localities in
California. I am informed by Prof. Zeller, to whom
one of these supposed paler varieties has been sub-
mitted, that it corresponds with (Edematoplwrus creti-
dactylus, Fitch (Nox. Ins. N. Y., Reps. 1 & 2, p. 142),
which has been redescribed by Zeller (Verh. z.-b. Ges.
Wien, xxiv. p. 444), from Vancouver's Island, and
carefully contrasted with (E. litlwdactylus, Tr., and
(E. roqenhoferi, Mann. He considers it to be distinct
from the species above described as new. It must
therefore now be included among the California!!
Pterophoridse. I regret that in the Plates prepared
to accompany this pamphlet the species has not been
figured, owing to my having failed at first to recog-
nize it.

GBdematophorus guttatus, sp. uov.

(PLATE II. FlG. 12.)

Capite, thorace et palpis cinereo-albidis.

Alis anticis albido-cinereis, apud costam fusco ato-
mosis, gutta ante fissuram albida^ sguamis sub-
fuscis aliquando introrsum marginata, ciliis
marginis apicalis et intra fissuram subfusco-
cinereiS) albidis paucis interject Is ; posticis cum
ciliis dilute cinereis.

Tibiis albidis, fasciculis duabus subfuscis.

(EDEMATOPHOKUS. 37

Head, thorax, and palpi whitish cinereous, the latter
touched with fuscous at the sides.

Fore wings whitish cinereous, paler at the base, dusted
towards the costa and slightly also on the dorsal
margin with fuscous scales ; a rather conspicuous
whitish spot lies at the base of the fissure,
usually margined on its inner edge by a few
fuscous scales ; another whitish spot is some-
times faintly indicated before the middle of the
dorsal margin. The cilia of the apical margin
and within the fissure are cinereous, tinged with
fuscous, with a few whitish streaklets inter-
spersed.

The hind wings are pale cinereous; the body whitish.

The third pair of legs white, with two subfuscous
annulations.

Expanse 25 millims.

Several specimens, taken July 26th, 1871, on Pit
River, California.

(Edematophoras occidentalis, sp. uov.

(PLITE II. FIGS. 13, 14.)

VAR. a. Capite et thorace dilute subochraceis, cervice
et palpis cervinis.

Alis anticis dilute subochraceis, apud cost am cermno
adumbrates, macula ante fssuram ccrvina alteri
costali oblique connem, cilns et alls posticis
dilute sericcO'Cercinis.

38 (EDEMATOPHOKUS.

Tibiis anticis uno, mediis duobus floccis cervinis
ornatis, albidis ; tibiis posticis subcervinis, aril-
culls vioc incrassatis.

VAR. )3. Capite et alis anticis subochraceis, costa dilu-
tiore, maculis vix indicatis.

VAR a. Head and thorax very pale whitish ochreous ;
the face slightly tinged with fawn-colour; the
palpi fawn-colour ; the neck with a conspicuous
collar of erect fawn-coloured scales; antennae
whitish, faintly spotted above with very pale
fawn-colour.

The fore wings whitish ochreous, having the costa
and apex slightly shaded and the dorsal margin
delicately tinged with pale fawn-colour ; a dark
fawn-coloured spot before the base of the fissure
is more or less connected obliquely with an
elongated spot of the same colour on the costa
beyond it. The cilia are delicately tinged with
very pale fawn-colour.

The hind wings and their cilia shining pale fawn-
colour.

The first and second pairs of legs are white, orna-
mented at the joints, the first with one, the
second with two conspicuous dark fawn-coloured
brush-like tufts. The third pair of legs tinged
with pale fawn-colour, whitish along their inner
sides; the joints slightly thickened, not an-
nulated.

The anal appendages of the male of this species are
very large and conspicuous, the lateral ones

PTEROPHORUS. 39

extending, with their cilia, nearly 3 millims.
beyond the apex of the abdomen, the upper one
being less than half the length of the others,
but fringed with a double brush of long, pale
ochreous, hair-like scales.

VAR. f3. The head and fore wings pale ochreous ; the
costa even paler, the spots scarcely indicated.

Expanse 26 millims.

Several specimens obtained through Colusa, Shasta,
and Siskiyou Counties, California, in July and August
1871, show various modifications of colouring. The
darkest varieties occurred on Pit River, the palest
about 60 miles to the south, at a few days' interval ;
but having met with almost every possible inter-
mediate gradation, I must conclude that they belong
to one and the same species. I have one bred speci-
men of the intermediate form, the larva having been
reared on leaves of a species of sunflower.

PTEROPHORUS, WaUetyrtn.

Pterophorus monodactylus, Linn.

(PLATE II. FlG. 16 AND PLATE ILL FlG. 1.)

Pterophorus monodactylus, Linn., Wocke, Cat. 3167.

Pterophorus pergmcilidactylus, Packard, Ann. Lye. Xat. Hist. N. Y.

x. p. 266.
Pterophorus cinercidactylus, Fitch, Xox. Ins. N. Y., Reps. 1 & 2,

p. 144.

40 PTEEOPHOEUS.

Two varieties of this species are recorded by Prof.
Zeller from Texas and Ohio (Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien,
xxiii. p. 326); and in Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxv.
pp. 355, 356, the same author discusses the identity
of Pt. pergracilidactyluS) Packard, and Pt. cinerei-
dactylus, Fitch, with this species, Mr. Packard, in
the Rep. Peab. Ac. Sc. vi. p. 88, 1874, having pointed
out that these two names should be considered to
refer to the same species.

I have several varieties from different localities in
California and Oregon, two of which are figured to
assist those who do not possess European specimens
in determining the extreme limits of colour between
which they are found to range. I bred two speci-
mens from larvae feeding on a plant which was
unfortunately not recognized at the time ; and I am
unable to say whether it was or was not one of the
Convolvuli.

One distinguishing peculiarity of this genus and
species, whether in Europe or in America, by which
it may always be immediately recognized, is the pre-
sence of brush-like tufts of appressed scales on the
upperside of the hind feet ; in good specimens these
are noticeable on each of the tarsal joints below the
second pair of spurs.

This character is not mentioned by Wallengren in
his Latin summary of the generic characters of Ptero-

LIOPTILUS. 41

phorus-, but it is remarkably constant, and does not
occur, so far as I am aware, in any other genus of the
Pterophoridse. Zeller notices this peculiarity (Verh.
z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 356) as pointed out to him
by Dr. Speyer, and states that it has not before been
noticed.

LIOPTILUS, Wcdlengren,

Lioptilus paleaceus.

(PLATE III. FlG. 2.)

Lioptilus paleaceus, Zeller, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxiii. pp. 326, 327.

This species appears to differ in some particulars
from any of the allied forms which I have met with
in California and Oregon; but I have thought it
desirable to have it figured in this pamphlet for con-
venience of comparison, without which it is extremely
difficult to separate several species which present very
slight distinctive differences. The yellowish-brown
head (" occipite cinnamomeo") serves best to distin-
guish it. It is also considerably larger than the two
following allied species.

Lioptilus stramineus, sp. nov.

(PLATE III. FIG. 3.)

Occipite dilute brun/ico,fronte strammeo-albida.

42 LIOPTILUS.

Alis anticis dilute stramineis, brunneo partim ato~
mosis ; punctum in basi fissurce brunneum lineolce
costali simile oblique subjacet ; ciliis grisescente
brunneis : posticis dilute griseo-brunneis.

Abdomine et tibiis stramineis.

Head brownish above and in front, yellowish white
between the antennae ; palpi and antennae very
pale straw-colour above, brownish beneath.

Fore wings pale straw-colour, faintly irrorated with
brownish scales along the middle from below the
cell at the base to a point above the base of the
fissure, as also along the basal half of the costa.
There is a slight, inconspicuous, oblique, brownish
streak on the costa, pointing inwards towards a
brown spot exactly at the base of the fissure, not
below it as in L. scarodactylus, Hiibn. There
are no spots about the ends of the lobes of the
fore wings as in L. microdactylus, Hiibn. Cilia
greyish brown.

Hind wings pale greyish brown.
Abdomen, legs, and spurs pale straw-colour.
Expanse 19 millims.

This species is nearly allied to L. osteodactylus,
Zeller. It differs from it in having the cilia of the
fore wings rather darker, more greyish brown than in
that species, also in the presence of a slight costal
streak, and in its rather smaller size. I met with two

LIOPTILUS. 43

or three specimens on the Siskiyou range of moun-
tains in Southern Oregon in the middle of June 1872.
It approaches even more closely the South-Ame-
rican Lioptilus lenis, Zeller (Horae Soc. Ent. Eoss.
xiii. p. 477, pi. vi. fig. 169), for an example of which
I am indebted to the kindness of Prof. Zeller ; but it
diifers from that species in the absence of the small
marginal dots on the lobes of the fore wings.

Lioptilus angustns, sp. nov.

(PLATE III. FlG. 4.)

Capite dilute stramineo.

Alis anticis angustis, dilute stramineis, subochraceo
atomosis vel suffusis, puncto subobsoleto in basi
fissurce fusco-brunneo, ciliis dilute stramineis
(apicalibus extremis exceptis griseis) ; postids
cum ciliis dilutissime subcinereis.

Abdomine stramineo.
Tibiis albidis.

Head very pale straw-colour; palpi the same, but
touched with brownish at the sides ; antennae
whitish, very faintly spotted with brownish
ochreous above.

Fore wings narrow, very pale straw-colour, faintly
dusted or partly suffused with pale ochreous ; a
brownish-fuscous inconspicuous dot lies at the

44 LIOPTILUS.

base of the fissure. The cilia are very pale
straw-colour, except at the extreme apex of the
underside of the first and of the upperside of
the second lobes, where they are greyish.

The hind wings and their fringes are very pale cine-
reous.

The abdomen pale straw-colour.
The legs whitish.
Expanse 18 millims.

Nine specimens taken on Mount Shasta, California,
in August 1871, have the fore wings narrower and
the hind wings paler than in L. osteodactylus or
L. stramineus, their general appearance being more
slender ; moreover, they show no indication of a
costal streak : they are decidedly distinct from those
species.

Lioptilus inconditus, sp. nov.

(PLATE III. FIG. 5.)

Capite, palpis et alis anticis dilutissime cinereo-albidis,
venis subcinereis mx indicatis, ciliis paulo diluti-
oribus ; alis posticis dilute cinereis.

Abdomine et tibiis stramineo-albidis.

Head and palpi very pale brownish grey, the space
between the antennae slightly paler ; antennae
pubescent, whitish, the basal joint thickened and

LIOPTILUS. 45

having a few erect scales projecting on its inner
side.

Fore wings very pale brownish grey, so exactly bone-
colour as to make me regret that the name
" osteodactylus" is preoccupied. There is no
spot at the base of the fissure, and the only trace
of markings on the fore wings are some very
slender lines, slightly darker than the ground-
colour, which follow the veins on the dorsal half
of the fore wings, diverging from the base and
attaining the opposite margins of the second
lobe below the base of the fissure. The cilia of
the fore wings are perhaps a shade paler than
the ground-colour of the wings themselves.

The hind wings very slightly darker, showing rather
more of the brownish or cinereous tinge. Cilia
the same.

Abdomen faintly tinged with yellowish.
The legs yellowish white.

On the underside all the wings are brownish grey,
the costal margin of the fore wings only being
slightly paler.

Expanse 19 millims.

Southern borders of Mendocino County, California,
May 25th, 1872. A specimen taken at Washington,
in the beginning of May 1871, shows that this species
is not confined to the Western States.

46 LIOPTILUS.

Lioptilus agraphodactylus.

(PLATE III. FIG. 6.)
PteropTiorus agraphodactylus, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxx. p. 94.

Capite albO) cervice et ore ochraceis.

Alis anticis perangustis, substramineo-albidis, lineolis
dilutissime cinereo-griseis in longitudinem dispo-
sitis, costa albida, ciliis subcinereo-albidis ; pos-
ticis dilute cinereis.

Abdomine dilute stramineo.
Tibiis albidis.

Head whitish in front, touched with brownish ochre-
ous towards the thorax and in front; antennae
whitish, browner beneath ; palpi very short.

Thorax yellowish white.

Fore wings remarkably narrow, dirty white, with a
faint yellowish tinge streaked longitudinally with
faint slender lines of brownish grey, apparently
following the neuration ; the widest and most
conspicuous of these runs parallel to the costa
from the base of the wing to the middle of the
anterior lobe, where it is diffused in a faint
shade towards the costa, sending two slender and
scarcely discernible lines to the apex and inner
margin. There are two slender brownish-grey
lines on the dorsal half of the wing — the upper
one, coming from the base, passing below the
cleft, where it throws off a branch beneath and

LIOPTILUS. 47

running along the upper edge of the second lobe
to its apex ; the lower one coming also from the
base and attaining the dorsal margin below the
base of the cleft. The costa pale ; the cilia
tinged with grey.

Hind wings and fringes pale cinereous.

Abdomen and legs slightly yellowish white.

Underside uniformly pale cinereous, except the costa
and the fringes of the anterior lobe within the
fissure, which are whitish.

Expanse 25 millims.

I obtained two specimens early in May on Rouge
River, Southern Oregon.

It is nearly allied to L. modestus, apparently to be
distinguished by its much larger size, by the whiter
ground-colour of the head and fore wings, and espe-
cially by its whitish costal margin and decidedly
shorter palpi.

Mr. Walker's description of this species is scarcely
sufficient to distinguish it from its allies ; but a care-
ful comparison of my Oregonian examples with the
typical specimen in the British Museum makes it
impossible to consider them distinct. St. Domingo
is given as the locality from which the type was
obtained ; and it is certainly surprising that the same
species should occur in such widely different degrees
of latitude.

48 LIOPTILUS.

Lioptilus sulphureus.

(PLATE III. FIG. 7.)

Pteropliorus sulphur eodactylus, Packard, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New
York, vol. x. no. 9, p. 266 (1873).

Capite et alls anticis sulphureis ; antennis supra sul-
phur eis, infra brunneis.

Alls anticis costa media et ciliis apicalibus extremis
brunneis; punctum in basi fissurce brunneum
strigce costali vix indicatce oblique subjacet : pos-
ticis dilute cinereis.

Abdomine sulphureo.
Tibiis posticis pallidioribus.

Head sulphur - y ello w ; the palpi sulphur -yellow,
touched with brownish at their sides ; antennae
very pale sulphur (almost white) above, brownish
beneath.

Fore wings bright sulphur-yellow ; the costa slightly
shaded with brown about the middle ; a brown
dot at the base of the fissure, having a slight
dash of the same colour on the costa obliquely
above it. The cilia pale yellow, having a
scarcely perceptible brownish tinge, except at
the extreme apex, where they are distinctly
brownish.

Hind wings pale cinereous.

Abdomen bright sulphur-yellow; the legs decidedly
paler, the first and second pair having a slender

LIOPTILUS. 49

brown line on each side of the femora and tarsi,
sometimes extending along the tibiae.
Expanse 25 millims.

I took several specimens of this beautiful and
distinct species on Pit River, in Shasta County, Cali-
fornia, on the 25th July, 1871.

The species is easily recognizable by Mr. Packard's
description above referred to ; but I have ventured
to redescribe it here for the purpose of noticing a
few points which have not been mentioned by him.

The greater liberty which has been taken in
changing the termination of the original name will,
perhaps, be considered justifiable according to the
rules of zoological nomenclature. Prof. Zeller (Verh.
z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1873, p. 117) has rightly called
attention to the objectionable mixture of two lan-
guages exhibited in such names (" Bastardnamen ")
as those given by Mr. Asa Fitch to several of the
Pterophoridae in his first and second Reports on
Noxious Insects of New York, pp. 139, 143 ; and
the same author has renamed Fitch's Pterophorus
carduidactylus, omitting the termination, and reducing
it to the unobjectionable P. cardui.

He has also pointed out (Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien,
1874, p. 447) the same objection to the names given
by Packard to the three Californian Pterophoridae

50 LIOPTILUS.

described by him in the ' Annals of the Lyceum of
Natural History,' vol. x. p. 266, of which Ptero-
phorus sulphur eodactylus was one.

Lioptilus homodactylus.

(PLATE III. FIGS. 8, 9.)

Pterophorus homodactylus, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxx. p. 941.
? Lioptilus hololeucos, Zell. Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxiv. p. 445,

VAK. a. Capite albo, palpis et antennis albidis.

Alis anticis albis, squamis brunneis prcecipue apud
costam et in lacinia anteriore rare atomosis,
puncto ante fissuram brunneo, ciliis albidis ; alls
posticis et tibiis albidis.

VAE. |3. Capite albo, occipite, ore et palpis brunneis.

Alis anticis albis creberrime brunneo atomosis, ciliis
partim cinereo attinctis ; posticis cum ciliis dilu-
tissime cinereis.

VAR. a, <f. Head entirely white ; palpi and antennae
whitish.

Fore wings white, very thinly dusted with brownish
scales, especially towards the costa and on the
anterior lobe ; a brownish spot before and
slightly below the base of the fissure ; a group
of brownish scales, scarcely amounting to a spot,
sometimes observable halfway between this and
the base of the wing ; in some specimens there
is a faint indication of two brownish dots on the
extreme margins of the anterior lobe, the costal

LIOPTILUS. 51

spot being the furthest from the apex. Cilia
white.

Hind wings with their cilia white.

Legs white; underside white, scarcely touched with
cinereous.

This variety occurred in some abundance in Shasta
County, California, towards the end of July 1871.
One specimen also on Mount Shasta in August.

VAR. /3. Head white between the antennae, brown
behind and in front ; palpi brownish ; antennae
dirty whitish.

Fore wings white, much dusted with brown scales
towards the costa and on the anterior lobe ; a
brown spot before and slightly below the fissure ;
cilia white, tinged at the tips around the obso-
lete anal angle with pale cinereous.

Hind wings and fringes very pale cinereous.

Legs white, the first two pairs touched with brownish
on their inner sides; underside very pale brownish.

Expanse, as of the preceding variety, 25 to 27
millims.

Three specimens of this variety occurred on the
Siskiyou range of mountains in Southern Oregon,
June 25th, 1872, differing from the Californian
variety previously described in the brown colour of
the head before and behind, in the more thickly
dusted appearance of the fore wings, and in the

E2

52 L10PTILUS.

cinereous shading of their cilia about the anal angle,
also in the pale cinereous hind wings and cilia, and
in the darker colour of the underside.

Having examined most carefully a considerable
series of the first variety, which seems to be the most
usual form, I am inclined to think that the two
above described belong to the same species. They
differ from the description of Pterophorus ncevosi-
dactylus, Fitch (Nox. Ins. N. Y. Rep. 1 & 2, p. 143),
in the absence of a " dot halfway between the cleft
and the base," and of a " tawny brown spot on the
outer margin near the tip," as well as in their paler
fringes and larger size.

Mr. Walker's typical specimen of this species in
the British Museum is not in good condition ; the
thinly scattered brownish scales are apparently dis-
placed by friction, and the brown spot before the
fissure is so nearly obliterated as to have escaped the
observation of Mr. Walker in describing the species.
The specimen belongs rather to the second of the
two varieties described above, having the head slightly
marked with brownish towards the thorax, the hind
wings very pale cinereous, and the underside rather
brownish white.

Prof. Zeller remarks upon a specimen of var. a
which I sent to him : — " Only larger, otherwise
agreeing with Lioptilns holo1eucos> Z. (Verb. z.-b.

LIOPTILUS. 53

Ges. Wien, xxiv. p. 445) ; on the right anterior wings
it has also two dots." Mr. Chambers's description of
Pterophorus lacteodactylus, Can. Ent. v. p. 72, is so
meagre that it is impossible to determine even that
it must have belonged to the genus Lioptilus.

Lioptilus subochraceus, sp. nov.

(PLATE in. FIG. 10.)

Capite albido, cervice brunnea ; palpis bremssimis.

Alis anticis subochraceo-albidis, apud costam post
mediam ferrugineo oblique leviter adumbratis ;
postids stramineis.

Tibiis albidis.

Head whitish above ; the face and neck brownish ;
the palpi very short, not projecting as far as the
front of the head ; antennse whitish ochreous,
with the basal joint brown.

Fore wings pale subochreous, without spots or
markings, except a rather oblique delicate fer-
ruginous shade above the base of the fissure,
reaching the costa before the apex ; the cilia
about the dorsal margin of the second lobe are
slightly tinged with brownish.

Hind wings very pale brownish straw-colour.

The legs whitish.

Expanse 28 millims.

Three specimens, 6 and $, Lake County, Cali-
fornia. June 19th, 1871.

54 LIOPTILUS.

Lioptilus helianthi, sp. nov.

(PLATE III. FIG. 11.)

Capite albido ; antennis albidis brunneo supra punc-
tails ; palpis brunneis.

Alls anticis lacteis, apud costam brunneo atomosis,
punctis duobus utrinque apud basim fissurce brun-
neis liturce cost all brunnece subjacentibus, ciliis
apicalibus brunneis apud angulnm analem cine-
reis ; posticis dilutissime cinereis, ciliis cinereis.

Abdomine et tibiis lacteis.

Head and thorax white ; palpi brownish ; antennae
white, dotted on their upperside with brown.

Fore wings rather creamy white, dusted along the
costal margin with brown scales ; a brown spot
before the base of the fissure and slightly beneath
it ; a second brown spot above the base of the
fissure, and above this a brown shade on the
costa. The apex of each lobe is dusted with
brown scales, and there is a faint indication of
two or three brown spots in the margin of the
anterior lobe — one at the extreme apex, one,
very small, on the costa, and one, rather nearer to
the apex, on the apical margin. The cilia are
brown, except within the fissure, where they are
whitish, and about the undefined anal angle,
where they are pale cinereous.

The hind wings are very pale cinereous ; the fringes

LIOPTILUS. 55

slightly darker, especially about the ends of the
two anterior lobes.

Abdomen whitish.

Legs whitish, dotted between the spurs, on the under-
side only, with dark brown.

Expanse 24 millims.

Seven specimens bred from larvae found feeding on
a species of Helianthus, on the Siskiyou Mountains
at the southern extremity of Oregon, in June 1872.
The species approaches the European L. lienigianus,
but is very distinct.

Lioptilus ? parvns, sp. nov.

(PLATE III. Fie. 12.)

Parvus.

Capite griseo-albido ; palpis porrectis capite bis Ion-
gioribus, acuminatis ; antennis pubescentibus gri-

seis.

Alls anticis cinereo-griseis fusco adumbratis, lacinia
anterior e subochracea, costa supra fissuram pal-
Udiore, ciliis griseis fusco punctatis ; posticis
ci nereis.

Abdomine et tibiis posticis griseo-albidis.

Head greyish white, a scarcely paler frontal tuft pro-
jecting slightly above the long, well-clothed, but
sharply-pointed palpi, which are about twice the
length of the head ; antennae pubescent, greyish.

56 LIOPTIL1TS.

Fore wings cleft to scarcely one third of their length,
with no posterior angle to the upper lobe, which
is rather narrow, acuminate, and depressed at
the apex, dusty greyish, sprinkled with fuscous
scales, which form an elongate shade extending
from an ill-defined antemedian fuscous dot to
the base of the anterior and to the apex of the
posterior lobe; a small fuscous dot lies imme-
diately before and slightly below the base of the
fissure ; there is a slight fuscous shade along the
posterior margin of the upper lobe, of which the
costal portion is rather pale ochreous ; the costa
itself whitish. The cilia along the apical margin
of both lobes are greyish, spotted along their
base with four or five groups of fuscous scales, of
which one is at the extreme apex of the upper
lobe. The anal angle appears to be slightly
more defined in the second lobe of the fore
wings, and the fissure rather wider at the base
than is usual in this genus.

Hind wings cinereous.

Abdomen greyish white ; the legs whitish, the first
two pairs touched at the sides with greyish fus-
cous. The first pair of spurs on the hinder tibiae
are unequal in length ; the second pair equal to
the longest of the other two.

Expanse 15 millims.

I met with one female only of this very dis-
tinct little species near Mt. Shasta, California, at
the end of July 1871. It differs in its palpi from the

ACIPTILUS. 57

genus Lioptilus, but does not agree in its remaining
characters with any other genus of the Pterophoridae.

In the absence of a defined posterior angle to the
upper lobe of the fore wings it is not unlike Mime-
seoptilus phoeodactylus, Hiibn., of which Dr. Jordan
(Ent. Month. Mag. 1869, p. 124) writes :— "phceodac-
tylus certainly does not belong to this group" (the
Mimeseoptili) " nor to any of the Swedish genera ; "
"its position is well indicated in Staudinger's list,
between the Oxyptili and Mimeseoptili ; " but that
insect has quite different palpi ; moreover, it has the
upper lobe of the fore wings thicker, less acuminate,
and less depressed at the apex than in the species
above described.

It may possibly become the type of a new genus
when the North-American representatives of this
family have been more completely studied; but 1
shall not venture to found one upon the single
specimen now before me.

ACIPTILUS, Hub.ier.

Aciptilus cinerascens, sp. nov.

(PLATE III. FIG. 13.)

Capite et antennis pubescentibus, subochmceis.

Alis anticis dilute subochraceis cinereo-brunneo creber-

58 ACIPTILUS.

rime atomosis, lituris (una ante fissuram, duabus
in costa lacinice anterioris) cinereo-brunneis, ciliis
apicalibus brunneis, aliis dilutioribus ; posticis
dilute cinereis.

Tibiis albidis.

Head subochreous ; palpi very short ; antennae
pubescent, very pale subochreous.

The thorax of the same colour as the head, except in
front, where it is slightly paler, almost whitish.

Fore wings cleft to nearly half their length, very pale
subochreous, profusely dusted, except on the pos-
terior lobe beneath the fissure, with cinereous
brown, forming a blotch before the base of the
fissure ; an indistinct subcostal spot before the
middle, and two small costal blotches on the
anterior lobe above the fissure. The cilia below
the apex of the anterior lobe are dark brown, as
well as those on the opposite side of the fissure
at the apex of the second lobe ; the cilia within
the fissure are pale subochreous, slightly tinged
with brown at the obsolete anal angle and along
the dorsal margin.

Hind wings and cilia pale cinereous ; underside pale
brownish.

Abdomen pale subochreous.

Legs whitish, the first two pairs tinged on the inner
sides with brown.

Expanse 19 millims.

ACIPTILUS. 59

Several specimens taken, from the middle to the
end of June 1871, in Mendocino and Lake Counties,
California.

The species has much the appearance of Lioptilus
lienigianiis, Zell. ; but the second lobe of the hind
wings is decidedly narrower, the fissure being longer,
and the spurs of the posterior tibiae shorter and of
more equal length. It is more nearly allied to
L. inulce, Zell., for specimens of which I am indebted
to the kindness of Prof. Zeller.

Aciptilus montanus, sp. nov.

(PLATE III. FIG. 14.)

Capite niveo, antennis supra dilute punctatis.

Alis anticis niveis, ferrugineo sparse atomosis, litura
ante fissuram ferruginea, cum lituris costalibus
lacinice anterioris similibus connexa, ciliis niveis
(ciliis extremis subapicalibus exceptis ferrugineis),
lacinice posterioris dimidio externo costali et ciliis
subapicalibus ferrugineis, aliis niveis; posticis
cinereo atomosis, lacinia tertia dilutiore.

Abdomine et tibiis niveis.

Head white; antennae white, faintly dotted above
with brownish.

Fore wings cleft to nearly half their length, snow-
white, sparsely dusted with ferruginous-brown

60 ACIPTILUS.

scales, especially towards the costa; a blotch of
these lies immediately before the base of the
fissure, and is connected obliquely with a similar
or rather darker blotch on the costa above it,
which is scarcely separated from another costal
blotch beyond it, nearer to the apex. The cilia
are white, except immediately beneath the ex-
treme apex, where they are dark ferruginous
brown. The outer half of the costal margin of
the second lobe is dark ferruginous brown, and
this colour runs thence through the cilia imme-
diately beneath the extreme apex of this lobe ;
all the remaining cilia are snow-white.

Posterior wings dusted with cinereous brown ; the
cilia of the same colour, the third lobe only
being slightly paler towards the base.

The abdomen and legs snow-white, the two anterior
pairs tinged with brown on their inner sides.

Expanse 16 inillims.

This species occurred in some abundance at and
near Mount Shasta, California, in August 1871.

Aciptilus? californicus, sp. nov.

(PLATE II. FlG. 9.)

Capite dilute brunneo, palpis albidis brunneo striatis.

Alis anticis dilute brunneis, lacinia anteriore albo
bimaculata ciliis costalibus albis, dorsalibus fuscis

ACIPTILUS. 61

puncto ante apicem nigro, lacinia secunda ciliis
costalibus fuscescentibuS) dorsalibus albo et fusco
alternates, nigro ante apicem punctatis ; posticis
dilute brunneis, digit i tertii margine dorsali trian-
gulum nigrum ab apice aliquot remotum gerente,
ciliis albo bistriatis.

Head pale brown, with a few elevated scales above
the eyes ; the palpi whitish, marked with brown,
projecting about the length of the head beyond
it ; antennse slightly pubescent, faintly dotted
with fuscous and whitish.

Thorax pale brown.

Fore wings cleft to the middle, pale brown, the ante-
rior lobe touched before and beyond the middle
with white ; the costa also white above the first
white blotch and beyond the second to the apex,
the second lobe having only a few white scales
on its surface, but with the cilia on the dorsal
margin alternated with white and fuscous, and
having a small black dot before the apex. The
cilia within the fissure are fuscous, with a small
black dot before the apex of the anterior lobe.

Hind wings pale brown, with brownish-fuscous cilia,
the third lobe having a triangular tooth-like
projection of blackish scales about one third
from the apex. The cilia brownish fuscous, with
an indistinct pale line along their base, ending
in a white dash before the projecting triangle ;
they are white also at the extreme apex.

62 TRICHOPTILUS.

Abdomen brown, with three pairs of slender, diverg-
ing, whitish streaks.

Legs brown, striped and annulated with white ; the
spurs white.

Expanse 17 millims.

Met with in Mendocino, Colusa, and Shasta Counties,
California, June and July 1871.

It differs from the ordinary form of the genus
Aciptilus in having a tuft of projecting scales in the
fringes of the third lobe of the hind wings, and in
this it approaches the new genus hereinafter cha-
racterized under the name of Trichoptilus ; but the
projecting scales in this species are nearer to the
apex, and the fore wings are less deeply cleft. Its
nearest European ally is probably A. siceliota, Zell.
(Isis, 1847, p. 907).

TRICHOPTILUS, gen. nov.

Aciptilo affinis.

Antennce pubescentes, articulo basalt incrassato; floccus
front alls nullus.

Palpi capite longiores, tenues, articulo secundo vix
fortiore guam apicalis.

Pedes sat robusti.

Tibice posticce nodis duobus penicillo supra ornatis ;

calcaribus primis poene paribm, secundis brevi-

oribus.

TftlCHOPTILUS. 63

Alee anticce ultra medium fissoe ; lacinice perangustce,
diversce ; angulus analis obsoletus. Alarum pos-
ticarum digiti tres filiformes, tertio paulo post
medium squamis projectis ornato.

Antennae pubescent; palpi projecting beyond the head,
slender, acuminate, the second joint scarcely
thicker than the apical joint and about the same
length.

The legs fairly stout. The posterior tibiae thickened
at the base of the spurs, and ornamented above
them with erect brush-like tufts of scales; the
first pair of spurs of nearly equal length, the
second pair equal and shorter.

Fore wings cleft to slightly beyond their middle ;
the lobes very slender, diverging ; the anal angle
not defined.

Posterior wings with the upper cleft reaching within
one fourth of their base, the lower cleft nearly
reaching the base ; all the lobes very slender,
almost filiform, the third being adorned with a
projecting tooth of scales very slightly beyond
the middle of its hinder margin.

The cleft of the fore wings is deeper and the tuft
of scales on the third lobe of the hind wings is situ-
ated nearer to the base than in any genus with which
I am acquainted.

It approaches the genus Aciptilus in its narrow
lobes and in the absence of a defined anal angle.

64 THICHOPTILUS.

Trichoptilus pygmseus, sp. nov.

(PLATE III. Em. 15.)

Minimus.

Alis antitis dilutissime cervinis fusco-brunneo atomosis,
laciniis perangustis cum ciliis albo bistrigatis,
squamis fusco-brunneis in basi ciliorum irroratis
et dentatis ; posticis dilute brunneis, ciliis cinereis
albo alternatis, digito tertio pallidiore^ margine
dorsali paulo post medium fusco squamato, ciliis
apicalibus albis.

Tibiis posticis albis, cervino supra maculatis et punc-
tatis, calcaribus albis.

Very small and slender.

The head pale fawn-colour, with some erect scales
above and behind the eyes ; antennas slightly
pubescent, spotted alternately with fawn-brown
and white above ; the palpi projecting nearly
the length of the head beyond it, whitish,
touched with pale fawn-colour.

Fore wings cleft slightly more than half their length,
very pale fawn-colour, dusted with fuscous-brown
scales along the costa, especially above the base
of the fissure, also towards the base of the
dorsal margin. The two slender lobes diverge
considerably, and are barred before and beyond
their middles more or less distinctly with white,

TKICHOPTILUS. 65

which extends through the otherwise pale fawn-
coloured cilia on both sides ; along the base of
these intermediate fawn-coloured cilia are some
scattered fuscous-brown scales, two darker tooth-
like projections almost fuscous appearing on the
dorsal margin of the second lobe.

Hind wings pale greyish brown ; the cilia cinereous,
interrupted with white behind and at the points
of the lobes. The third segment has long cine-
reous cilia, interrupted with white at the apex ;
slightly beyond the middle of its dorsal margin
is a very small square projecting tooth of fuscous
scales, preceded by a scarcely conspicuous white
dash in the cilia.

The legs are white, dotted and barred above with
fawn-brown; the spurs white, the joints above
them being thickly clothed with fawn-brown
scales, from amongst which project some few
almost erect white ones.

Abdomen whitish, faintly touched with pale fawn-
colour at the sides and above posteriorly.

Expanse scarcely 10 millims.

This is probably the smallest known species of the
Pterophoridse. I took three specimens near Millville,
in Shasta County, California, on the llth of July,
1871.

66 ALUCITA.

ALUCITA, Zell,r.

Alucita hexadactyla, Linn.

(PLATE III. FIG. 16.)
Alucita tiexadactyla, Linn., Wocke, Cat. 3211.

This species occurred in May and June 1871 in
Mendocino County, California, and again in May
1872 on Rouge River, in Southern Oregon, the
specimens being to all appearance undistinguishable
from European examples.

PLATE I.

Fig. 1. Chrysocorys festaliella, Hubn.

2. 2a,2b. Chrysocorys felicella, Wlsm.

3. Platyptilus bertrami, Rossi.

4. adustus, Wlsm.

5. grandis, Wlsm.

6. - - cardui, Zell.

7. percnodactylus, Wlsm.

8. - - albidus, Wlsm.

9. orthocarpi, Wlsm.

10. albidorsellus, Wlsm.

11. shastsej Wlsm.

12. - - fragilis, Wlsm.

13. albiciliatus, Wlsm.

14. modestus, Wlsm.

w I

I _

^^^>

/UA::V

*^

•

PLATE II.

Fig. 1. Amblyptilus pica, Wlsm.

2, 3, 4. Amblyptilus cosmodactylus, Hubn.

5. Oxyptilus periscelidactylus, Fitch.

6. ningoris, Wlsm.

7. delawaricus, ZelL

8. nigrociliatus, ZelL

9. Aciptilus californicus, Wlsm.

10. Mimeseoptilus exclamationis, Wlsm.

11. (Edematophorus grisescens, Wlsm.

12. guttatus, Wlsm.

13. 14. (Edematophorus occidentals, Wlsm.

15. Platyptilus petrodactylus, Walk.

16. Pterophorus monodactylus, Linn.

ft -

A

PLATE III.

Fig. 1. Pterophorus monodactylus, Linn., var.

2. Lioptilus paleaceus, Zell.

3. stramineus, Wlsm.

4. angustus, Wlsm.

5. inconditus, Wlsm.

6. agraphodactylus, Walk.

7. - - sulphureus, Wlsm.

8. 9. Lioptilus homodactylus, Walk.

10. Lioptilus subochraceus, Wlsm.

11. - -helianthi, Wlsm.
12. parvus, Wlsm.

13. Aciptilus cinerascens, Wlsm.

14. montanus, Wlsm.

15. Trichoptilus pygmseus, Wlsm.

16. Alucita hexadactyla^ Linn.

1

• ~.-_._.__,-\.^_ 1

^

I

^i W*T A ^

. , . — /-^v- _
/ -^

':V

••••'-';. ¥ ?.-;..

':.

/ V

THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW

AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS

WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO 5O CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY
OVERDUE.

MAR 9 1933
MAR 23 1933

|?

MAY' 1 1933
NOV 21 1933

DEC 7 1937

AUG 4 1966

INT

LOAN
ML I 1966

yy

LD 21-50m-l,'

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY