wooo ae eee baker eee eee ee Sern ns mes. bb ate ee de tel eee hq ~~” Mdsndcrier crim we. A ee bare pl Mee ae tom mC Gent pte tr lp A Ae A Ae Bp DG Ba hs | ee ln etme Se ee tty he i nt lA toi GOL AS a Ne BN he ARE a be PD Mint tls phe Ae Serta tet it Ae Re te at i ED Stn eB Ae SG Bath os
Be be bane tae ee « ~e va Reve be oo hat Bar
pao ee erdinior a temo ta hatnb-o- tot ine o-arAwivbn reso Gotr ehan G-Aat Sled WS Go Se ¥ SS
> — te ~ oe Aman hrs Be EN an ie eee aaa a
ne parte Penn Gn Sie epcears Stee Te eee gar ibe ety tan d- Olaln G-Star
Poet bre ale ete ® me eg: INP em de eee & eal pn >
—*
a _
a VA er ae eV Oe ee 4
Fee A etn te Oe nw
Re A nde lp tee AM A ety One
atin tinh Candie ioe inet a a
CTE aa ta eatene Ar ae
fate Oo ee het @rtns fat tot
ae a eee ee
ey oe a ee ered
2: Bete beth gM
rarer
Sarr ia natletn tate on eet
myn toate a ticthe Rept eatin Rat Be v=
ee IEE
alte pte We Rerte ll Mee te et
feb~tebemathrrfael = t-fafiet mo Me
paige won uremia Reale np Ane Ine Se le
-_ an a Sef oe toto ¥
amar re a
ees Pa
ptr er weir reese ee ee ee ee ee
ee et ee ee
Ty te ane tinn ple Bile See = te eee mim
hie tag we ane te Fale Pte enn a NM ethenon We Om oa
ees ee oe eto a ree Si
ee ee ee ee Sr eee ee
. ee en
een ee ee et bee ee ee
One ee ee eT er ee ere es
Athi ie PB A Nhe Mt
ahmpete sy Sede ean dh
> oe Nab
Pe Rte ee
rn ai teri
anhaand~ a eae eer oe
~ ee ee
foPen ie Pat Qt ma ~ — ba
re eet ie ee re
1 Ae ee tee
~ i Me Tip
a hee coe
hy to alt ne Nadl
Rt EDM
ly e
,
+ OB moe -
a i ee
Sedat dnd 4-4- orto!
= ode geet
er Se eee ee
0h ate tt ne ate FN
fm Daa Bet ethene iw toe Be Mehene FF
Oe ee wee ee
ee ee ee Bet - Ane he BE
_" a ae eee et a ee eee ta -
tL NL al ot aa Ds ein Menon pn gS. oP nd wee — Pow iets. 4 8 oe bLk ©
eal fi
_ ——
winotig telat
nen
> ne Res ape Raper em Spee «ete. oh alot Mal
De Fate yh tele ile ali Rae Repeat th Am ae eee -
“ om? ~ ames
ee ee ee ee ee ee ~
Se eee
ere ee eee ee
—
fe hat a AG Od .
TS ee ee Pe tet Patel 4,
a a tow Se ws
Pine Beta
ohn rte hehe ie
‘ . A - a - ae es) .. >
“i = > ?. . * eo ~ > Ww -
. ~ » - a aw 2 wt 4 “. J ee ee
. - ‘s — 2 - “8 :
" - s » . oe = = « “ > + . ee ~ oi: ~
a . be - . - +2.
. ni _ -- . - - . . a — len 7
a P A a » > - . - i . an Pilly Nps 2 > = —
v 4 . * + > ud Ke ui . —s . . Ps re sn
7 . ‘ y > . : : be ae - « =
‘ - ~ ¥ = - - a we a 7 ~
A - . m “ey ~
- : “ - “ “— > es —= 7 .
- . — - x ard ws x - om ~— ~ .
< - - vs .
“ mite ° . :
-* “ ~ rs = _ ~
us 7 ~
- - ' oa > , ° ~e . - — ~
- - . e - ) ‘ * ¥ ~ 7 m wd ~ = © 1-4-8 ~ ¥
ee or Are ws - ~ — - - ‘ ee ie a j oor . ‘ : é (a7 ‘ ‘ % joo . .
. . ‘ ‘ ; ' she" a
. - % *-.-~" ee”
a eee ee. oe pemae
(ee pte
- a oe eo er a aad eee ee ne ee =
AE SOE Oem te BH AMR AG cas ash OPM
ee ee es aoe. —
ni
ee
a
7
‘
ip
i
>» \\ THE
QUARTERLY JOURNAL
OF THE
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
EDITED BY
THE ASSISTANT-SECRETARY OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
(Juod si cui mortalium cordi et curz sit non tantum inventis hzrere, atque iis uti, sed ad ulteriora
penetrare; atque non disputando adversarium, sed opere naturam vincere ; denique non belle et probabiliter
opinari, sed certo et ostensive scire; tales, tanquam veri scientiarum filii, nobis (si videbitur) se adjungant.
—Novum Organum, Prefatio. ,
VOLUME THE FIFTY-SEVENTH.
1901.
LONDON: Z21943
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
PARIS: CHARLES KLINCKSIECK, 11 RUE DE LiLLE.
LEIPZIG: T.0. WEIGEL.
SOLD ALSO AT THE APARTMENTS OF THE SOCIETY,
MDCCCCI.
List
OF Tih
OFFICERS
OF THE
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
RARAADARAR ALARA RADI
VPI DI YY™
Present.
J.J. H. Teall, Hsq., M.A., V.P.R.S.
Oice-Presivents,
J. E. Marr, Hsq., M.A., F.R.S. Prof. H. G. Seeley, F.R.S., F.L.S.
H. W. Monckton, Esq., F.L.S W. Whitaker, Esq., B.A., F.R.S.
Secretaries.
R. 8. Herries, Esq., M.A. | Prof. W. W. Watts, M.A.
Foreiqu Secretary.
Sir John Evans, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S.
Treasurer.
W. T. Blanford, LL.D., F.R.S.
COUNCIL.
W. T. Blanford, LL.D., F.R.S. | Prof. H. A. Miers, M.A., F.R.S.
Sir John*Evans, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL D., = Right Rev. John Mitchinson, D.D., D.C.L.
B.RB,S., F.LS. H. W. Monckton, Esq., F.L.S.
Prot. E. J. Garwood, M.A. EK. T. Newton, Esq., F.R.S.
Prof. T. T. Groom, M.A., D.Sc. G. T. Prior, Esq., M.A.
Alfred Harker, Hsg., M.A. _ F. W. Budler, Esq.
R. S. Herries, Esq., M.A. | Prof. H. G. Seeley, F.R.S., F.L.S.
William Hill, Esq. | Prof. W. J. .Sollas, M.A., D.Se., LL.D.,
W. H. Hudleston, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., | FE.R.S. ie
Sen el Breer | J.d.H. Teall, Esq.,.McA.. ViP ais:
Prot a2 We Judd, CB. LL.D. BRS: Prof. W. W. Watts, M.A.
Lieut.-Gen. C. A. McMahon, F.R.S. W. Whitaker, Esq., B.A., F.RS.
J. H. Marr, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. H. B. Woodward, Esq., F.R.S.
Assistant-Hecretary, Clerk, Librartan, anv Curator.
L. L. Belinfante, M.Sc.
Assistants tn @Dklice, Library, anv Museum
W. Rupert Jones, ; Clyde H. Black.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Barrow, GrorcE, Esq. On the Occurrence of Silurian [?] Rocks
in Forfarshire and Kincardineshire along the Eastern Border of
PDE TEI SO) Sin Ie ae ai ae Rea eee peerage Oe Pee a
Bonnety, Prof. THomas Grorer, & the Rev. Epwin Hutt.
Additional Notes on the Drifts of the Baltic Coast of Germany.
BuckMAN, 8. 8., Esq. Bajocian and Contiguous Deposits in the
North Cotteswolds: The Main Hill-Mass. (Plate VI.) ......
BULLEN, the Rev. Roperr AsuHineron. Note on a Well-Section
eee anehoo GSutolle\a int sais cee ee cs se eek a5 sche wheel at
Cuarke, WILLIAM JAMES, Esq. The Unconformity in the Coal-
Measures of the Shropshire Coalfields . 3. ...2.0.0..0.6.005-s
Cooméra-Swdmy, Ananpa K., Esq. Note on the Occurrence of
Corundum as a Contact-Mineral at Pont Paul, near Morlaix
CUTEST TREE) 9, Soa et an a a eR
Evans, Dr. Jonn Witttam. A Monchiquite from Mount Girnar,
Sunegach (Mathiawar), (Plate IT). sl ovo ies ea eae.
Gispson, WaLcot, Esq. On the Character of the Upper Coal-
Measures of North Staffordshire, Denbighshire, South Stafford-
shire, and Nottinghamshire; and their Relation to the Pro-
ODE RY TY, STEELER an 0S a AE a
Groom, Prof. THEODORE Tuomas. On the Igneous Rocks associated
with the Cambrian Beds of the Malvern Hills. (Plate VIL.) ..
Gunn, WitiiaM, Esq., & Messrs. B. N. Peacu & EK. T. NEwron.
On a Remarkable Volcanic Vent of Tertiary Age in the Island
of Arran, enclosing Mesozoic Fossiliferous Rocks ............
Harmer, Freperic Wiiir1aM, Esq. The Influence of the Winds
upon Climate during the Pleistocene Epoch: a Paleeometeoro-
logical Explanation of some Geological Problems............
Hix, the Rev. Epwin, & Prof. T.G. Bonnry. Additional Notes
on the Drifts of the Baltic Coast of Germany................
Hu, James Basrian, Esq. On the Orush-Conglomerates of
ANE apy UMP Ha NOt 9. 55. ey etioclipi nie ala «of oUa wabels, vs
ts a2
=
Page
328
126
285
86
185
38
313
1V TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Hinp, Dr. WHEELTON, & JoHN ALLEN Howe, Esq. The Geological
Succession and Paleontology of the Beds between the Millstone
Grit and the Limestone-Massif at Pendle Hill and their
Equivalents in certain other Parts of Britain. (Plate XIV.) ..
JUKES-BrowNneE, ALFRED Joun, & J. Scanes, Esq. On the Upper
Greensand and Chloritic Marl of Mere md Maiden 1 oe in
Wiltshire. (Plates III-V.)
eee eee eee et tee eee ee, es ets eewvese
KiLRo£, JAMES Rosrnson, Esq., & A. McHenry, Esq. On Intrusive,
Tuff-like, Igneous Rocks and Breccias in Jreland ............
LYDEKKER, RicHarp, sq. On the Skull of a Chiru-like Antelope
from the Ossiferous Deposits of Hundes (Tibet)
Mariey, Caartes A., Esq. The Geology of Mynydd-y-Garn
(Awelesey) ie be OO eee rr
McHenry, ALEXANDER, Esq., & J. R. KitRok, Esq. On Intros
Tuff-like, Igneous Rocks and Breccias in Ireland
© 8 © (9 0) e e-teiie) ome
MoncxtTon, Horacr Woo.u.aston, Esq. On some Landslips in
Boulder-Clay near Scarborough .................0.0 ee
Mor@an, Prof. Conwy Lioyp, & Prof. 8S. H. Reynoups. The
Igneous Rocks and Associated Sedimentary Beds of the Tort-
worth Inher. (Plates X & XI.) ......4...45% .. ohio
NEwTon, Epwin Tutey, Esq., & Messrs. W. Gunn & B. N. Peacu.
On a Remarkable Volcanic Vent of Tertiary Age in the Island
of Arran, enclosing Mesozoic Fossiliferous Rocks. (Plate IX.).
OrpHaM, RrcHarD Drxon, Esq. On the Origin of the Dunmail
Raise (Lake District) 0.660.002 ls on ee a ee
PARKINSON, JOHN, Esq. Notes on the Geology of South-Central
Ceylon
Se oe Wh ie 8 6 tte Oe ©. 9 e600 e © 0 6 6 8,0 ses ws 8 8 6 a 8 SS elim) Meer meer we es
The Hollow Spherulites of the Yellowstone and Great
Britain, (Plate VOIL.) 222.) 80... i.
Pracu, BrnyamMin NEEVE, Esq.,& Messrs. W.GunNN & E.T. NeEwrTon.
On a Remarkable Volcanic Vent of Tertiary Age in the Island
of Arran, enclosing Mesozoic Fossiliferous Rocks ............
Ratsin, Miss CATHERINE A. On certain Altered Rocks from near
Bastogne and their Relations to others in the District ........
REYNOLDS, Prof. Sipnry Hueu, & Prof. C. Luoyp Morean. The
Igneous Rocks and Associated Sedimentary Beds of the Tort-
worth Inlier. (Plates X & XD) olen. . abies tac
RutLey, Franx, Esq. On some Tufaceous Rhyolitic Rocks from
Dufton Pike, Westmorland, (Plate) ©... 1.20)... 1. ee
Scangs, JoHN, Esq., & A. J. Jukes-Browne, Esq. On the Upper
Greensand and Chloritie Marl of Mere and Maiden Bradley in
Wiltshire. (Plates III-V.)
oie g © 8 8 Reg ee’ Lig fo ease oe ig) igh eae alls mone
Page
267
226
189
198
211
267
TABLE OF CONTENTS. Vv
Page
Sorxtas, Miss Iczrna B. J. Fossils in the Oxford University
Museum, V: On the Structure and Affinities of the Rhetic
Berememnmim. CP lsie XIE) ii. ok oa een ce Sa ee he 507
SpENCER, Prof. JosepH WiLi1aM WintTHROP. On the Geological
and Physical Development of Antigua. (Plate XV.) ........ 490
On the Geological and Physical Development of Guadeloupe. 506
. On the Geological and Physical Development of Anguilla,
St. Martin, St. Bartholomew, and Sombrero ................ 520
. On the Geological and Physical Development of the
St. Christopher Chain and Saba Banks
5 CAS thee ARE rae 534
STRAHAN, AUBREY, Esq. On the Passage of a Seam of Coal into
mocamo Dolomite: (elate XIE) ooo. eed cece es 297
THOMPSON, BEEBY, Esq. On the Use of a Geological Datum.
MN ee oe a oh 6 ahs cae op chale J vhkea Gin! aya! op nce aw ds 346
Wepp, CHARLES Bertix, Esq. On the Corallian Rocks of St. Ives
(iiaanedoushire) and Blsworth-. 0.2.2.0... ee ee te 73
Wricut, Prof. GEoRGE FREDERICK. Recent Geological Changes
Mmononimere and Central Asia «40155 verde o i eee ee ke 244
PROCEEDINGS.
Pecceamos or the Meetings). se ces. ca wok ce edhe ee 1, Ixxxvii
Pm PeODOTE 05005 be sige oy oe SE AA A es. aS, A RN vill
PasomUnnors tothe Mibrary 6... ce a be ee ew ee ce ne xiii
Mice orerem Menmbets) Coe... . rei he we Babee ease XXlil
List of Foreign WirereMennenbs 2.55 bss pekeien Re 6 eb XX1V
asin Vy ollashonm Medallists... c..je ev ca lcna ct vee ee ele XXY
ae minrenmon eed alists: 2.5. es oe ars ws Boe ewe ce ea XXVil
eye pee AN ISES a ee ws ayes clot te ve ee eee XX1X
Mamas Dy a CA AMISES peel cle ss ee nee wae eee XXxi
Applications of the Barlow-Jameson Fund................4. XXX
Financial Report .......... RE) I ee on ec XXXIi
Award of the Medals and Proceeds of Funds........... } MEE ee Me: 6.2. 0B.
Pewee tee ites As. hes ankle bse ee ee deaess | Kivi
OAS ERS DS EWS 2 Re Ixxxvll, XCiv
Special General Meeting .................055 Ct AP AMARA Ber yaa X¢ii
al TABLE OF CONTENTS.
ABBOTT, GEORGE, Esq. On Cellular Permian Limestone from
Hulwell) Sunderland 3). 3.5)... an wees ae ae eee
Batuer, Dr. Francis ARTHUR. On Ioneous and Metamorphic
Rocksttrom the. Mayenne |.) cae Wor dom ete ate seus
CoomMAra-SwAmy, ANANDA K., Esq. On Spherulitic Structure
ny sulpham. lic Acid) ,.)). 2 ils. alae sek Fone a ane oho ee
Harrison, Prof. Joun BurcHMoRE. On the Geology of British
CTIA oa ci 3 Sank sw thd RPE iis, Wis en rec ee eee
Hott, Prof. Epwarp. On the Submerged Valley ys the
Mouth of the River Congo yo. .20 (25. ieee eee
PEE belive) aeefesteckie dc fy selec nen Rte ea tee aye Uae Oe ee
Woopwarp, Horace BoxrncBroxr, Esq. On Landscape
Marble or Cotham Stone... sa sos «0 2 2s ee
ERRATA.
Page
Xevl -
vl
vii
Ixxxvii
Ixxx1x
vli
x¢Cl
P 4i—uaines 26-29 from the top should be read after line 15, the name
Whitman Cross’ being substituted Sor ‘ Washington.
P. 160—Line 33 from the top, for ‘nearly’ read ‘never.
LIST OF THE FOSSILS DESCRIBED AND FIGURED
IN THIS VOLUME.
Name of Species. | Formation. Locality. Page
PLANTA.
Natadta taneeolata. Figs. ok Bhatie Ae sae. ' Pylle Hill, Bristol) 307-312
2)c'5 6-21 eo |
CRINOIDEA.
ey |} Lower Uing.....| Arcan......... A 237
ANNELIDA. ;
es g moe ee 1%, {\ Lower Rane ty wera Sh no 230
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA
Avicula lanceolata. PI. ix,| \ (
SE eRe cece ranicctecstae 5221 | | 232
Cardinia Listeri. PI. ix, figs. | |
“fog L853 0 ne ee ge ce see | 235
Cardita Heberti. P\. ix, fig. isi 235
Goniomya sp. Pl. ix, fig. 17.. | 236
Gryphea arcuata. PA. ix,
(At has eee cen eee | 2353
Lima pectinoides (1). PA. ix,
| LRAT ee eRe | 233
- succineta. PI. ix, fig. 8., 233
Myoconcha, psilonoti (2). Pl |
BNO Hee ae. ace 234
anes nih Oi. 8 Sea | | & Lower Lias ne RPEAM toed eau ‘ 234
Nuculana (Leda) Tatei. Pl.
Cl oe a ere ae | | 234
Spe EL ix, figs 13. 2). if | 235
Ostrea irregularis CO | | | 233
Peeten(Chlamys) subulatus( oe .
ois SRG Te 5 ae | 232
Pholadomya (2). PI. ix, fig. 19 236
Protocardium truncatum (2).
Tancredia (?) Peachi, sp.nov. |
lin, pe else
Unicardium cardioides. PE}
ix, fig. 18 ]
Vili FOSSILS DESCRIBED AND FIGURED.
Name of Species. | Formation. Locality. | Page
GASTEROPODA.
Amberleya acuminata. Pl. ix, , | | (
. I | | oe
5S ai AO teen, RR ets | | 281
Cerithiuin Semele (2). PI. is, Howe ilgis ae |" Anan Saree 4 :
PAO aah eRe Ns we ee ee cae mek {| 231
3) CRABB eR Res: des) J | (281
CrPnALOopopA.
Ammonites ( Aigoceras) angu-| | : Pe 3
lapis ee | j Lower ILias...... | SATAN 2. deere | 231
| Mammatta.
ee i Ree ae a | ; Upper Pliocene | Hundes (Tibet)... 289-92
i el il a el gel) ae
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES AND FOLDING-TABLES.
Puatse i Pact
MICROSCOPE-SECTIONS OF TUFACEOUS RHYOLITEs FRoM DuFrron
EL Pike (WEstTMoRLAND), to illustrate Mr. Frank Rutley’s
| feaerrOn bi One TOCKs gs Cheeses Ae, 8s ool seca edie asic gun eae
JuNAGARH (KaturAwar), to illustrate Dr. J: W. Evans’s
Microscorz-sections or Moncuiquite From Mount Girnar,
i
Peale Ott blll MOC ete aes bite ah eauacicnd ven ea cues’ dl enancs
(GroLocicaL Map or Tux District or Mere anp MAIpEN
| Brapiey; View or Marpen Brapdiey Quarry; and View
TII-V.{ or Deav-Maip Quarry, Merz; to illustrate Messrs. A. J.
| Jukes-Browne & J. Scanes’s paper on the Upper Greensand
{ and Chloritic Marl of the above-mentioned district.........
(a Mar oF THE BasoctAn DENUDATION, CORRECTED TO ApRin,
VI., 1900, to illustrate Mr. 8. 8. Buckman’s paper on Bajocian
| and contiguous Deposits in the North Cotteswolds .........
MIcRosCcoPE-SECTIONS OF LGnrous Rocks rrom THR CAMBRIAN
or THE Matvern HI.zs, to illustrate Prof. T. T. Groom’s
pice te Otte pee ROCKS eo con awed dy cinch tu ceGeican covadedestsraad
VII.
VEL. Mr. John Parkinson’s paper on the Hollow Spberulites of
the wellewstome anc: Greab Brita eles sicsicccococcoescodec
Lower Liassic Fossi_s FroM ARRAN, to illustrate Mr. E. T.
Newton's Palxontological Notes on the Mesozoic Fossili-
ferous Rocks found in a Tertiary Volcanic Vent in that
i LitHoPHys& FrRoM Boutay Bay AnD WrockwakDIngZ, to illus-
| asl ELON Ae ete oes hes Satie Mane Tatiek saws d Deas Wel odswad ences
( GEOLoGIcAL SkETCH-MAP OF THE Ia@nEOUS Rocks AND ASso-
| CIATED SEDIMENTARIES OF THE TortTwortH INLIER; and
! Microscorge-Sections or Pyroxenn-ANDESITES AND CAL-
{ carEous Turr rrom Tor Tortworti INrter, to illustrate
| Prof. C. Lloyd Morgan & Prof. S. H. Reynolds's paper on
ETAL OMNI OT ogee ot cee rgd van sys 2s sone wave dgemoneansvnay oxiveunes
dl
38
96
126
156
211
226
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES AND FOLDING-TABLFES.
PLATE PAGE
{ Microscorz-sxcrions ILLUSTRATING THE PassAGu or COAL
XII. InTO DoLomirE, to accompany Mr. A. Strahan’s paper on
| that subject | 2s. { 00. assert head) nae aa 297
XIII f Figures or Narapira LANCEOLATA, to illustrate Miss I. B. J.
oot, Sollas’s paper on the Structure and Affinities of that: plant. 307
( CoMmPARATIVE VERTICAL SECTIONS OF THE PENDLESIDE GRovr,
XIV. to illustrate Dr. Wheelton Hind and Mr. J. A. Howe’s
| paper on that growp (7.535 2.0. sci oe eee eee et
GEOLOGICAL SKETCH-MAP OF THE ISLAND oF ANTIGUA, to illus-
XV. trate Prof. J. W. Spencer’s paper on the Geological and
Physical Development of that island ..................4. ceeee, 490
Apprenpix A.—TueE Fauna or THE CarBonirerous Limestone )
SeRIES OF WENSLEYDALE, THE HpEn VALLEY, AND THE |
Norruern Mipuanps; and | facing
Apprnpix B.-—Tue Fossirs or tur Penpiestpr Grovp, to illus- r p- 402
trate Dr. Wheelton Hind and Mr. J. A. Howe's paper on |
Hab OTOUP oc. -2% os aiemcieteotinntewdestigas emwaeeOakee he een )
PROCESS-BLOCKS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIVE FIGURES,
BESIDES THOSE IN THE PLATES.
Fig. PAGE
nn beara and micropegmatitie structures in obsidian and
Siteenie a Wo gall acasccssedanmans cov aracebs connotes jasblersta clasts vase lxxv
Hast side of one of the troughs (Drift near Warnemiinde)
West side of the same trough
Pew sees sete sea et esse reese srestsesest tenses
Cece metre ree ee ers ee soaserteisessseres
1
2
3. Generalized section of a trough
4
Chalk and Drift below the Lighthouse station, Arkona
5. Gakower Ufer (as exposed in 1899); northern end of the section.
6 Section between the Wissower Bach and the Wissower Klinken
: (southern end)
See eter ee Feet ees eeeees eet oeFeesesesetseneess ess eeseneeeses
7. The same (northern end)
oe ee ee od
8-9. Diagrammatic sections, to illustrate the ‘ folding hypothesis’ .
10. Diagrammatic section, to illustrate the ‘ faulting hypothesis’ .
11. Section in Von Hausemann’s Quarry [Crampas-Sassnitz]
1 Section across Mynydd-y-Garn, west of (and subparallel to) the
5 Garn-Castell Fault
Ce CO Sk i i i ee rr)
2. Geological Map of Mynydd-y-Garn and the surrounding area.
Sketch-map of the central ridge of Mount Girnar
er
1. Craglet north-east of Bastogne, by the road to Longwilly
Banded rock including a garnetiferous nodule: same locality .
ies)
Microscope-section taken from the above-mentioned nodule ...
4 Band containing garnets, etc., north-east of Bastogne, in
quarries along the railway to Gouvy
ee ee ee
Sketch-imap of the outcrops of Elsworth and St. Ives Rock .
i i ee ee i
1. Section in Madeley Court Colliery
9 { Diagrammatic section across the Madeley District, Coalbrook-
we dale Coalfield
ee ee i i ie a
4
4
4
8
ll
Xi PROCESS-BLOCKS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIVE FIGURES.
Fig. PAGE
3 { Section taken from Mareus Scott’s paper, but redrawn with the
: basement-beds of the Upper Coal-Measures as a datum-line. 89
4&5. { Sections showing the present position of the strata [Shropshire
Bh ee ee i 91
1. Section in Maiden Bradley Quarty...........:..........) 101
2. Section at Rye Hill Rarm) 22... cbe. cites scsss 108
3. Section at Dead-Maid Quarry, Mere ...... ate aad «tule ee 11]
1. [Diagrammatic section from the North Cotteswolds toCrickley] 128
2. Diagrammatic section across the Vale of Moreton... 140
3. { Diagrammatic section across the North Cotteswolds, from west
to east) sc... (Uh cea asides snenGldrtalesievelece c GN
|
im]
ee
S38
o~
s
=
3
Se SAW wore
GN
a
oo
oe.
ao
> ee
nO
iS
| L
sp. nov. (sixteen Tibs) © ........6+eees esses
sp. nov. (many TIbs) ...-.....++.seeee see tte es
odiola Cotte (see Septifer lineatus).
\ | Se | es | |
Vol. 57.] UPPER GREENSAND AND CHLORITIC MARL OF WILTSHIRE.
List oF Fossius (continued).
117
Ostrea canaliculata, Sow. Jeon coke, Meneame ne
O. frons, Park...
O. ‘Normanniana, @Orb. |
O. vesicularis, Sow.
O. vesiculosa, Sow. .
Nucula cf. impressa (cast).
Nuculana sp. (cast)
Pecten asper, Lam.
P. Beaveri, Sow.
. elongatus, d’Orb.
Galliennei, d’Orb. .
hispidus, Goldf. .
orbicularis, Sow.
Passyi, @ Arch.
Puzosianus (?) @Orb.
subacutus, Lam. .
sp. (close-set rounded ribs).
sp. (with straight ribs) ..
(N.) cometa, d’Orb.
(N.) quadricostatus, Sow.
(N.) quinquecostatus, Sow. .
Pectunculus sublevis (2) .
Perna sp.
Pholadomya decussata, Phil.
Pleuromya plicata (d’Orb.) ..
ea Se a
P. elongatus, Lam. Ee enispus, ‘Goldf. i
subinterstriatus, a aera odeceiaiset
. (Neithea) equicostatus, Tee wae
Plicatula pectinoides, Sow. ............ss0see0
Pl. pectinoides var. inflata, Sow.
Pl. sigillina, Woodw.
Radiolites Mortoni, Mant. Ne ok We
Septifer lineatus (Sow.) ...
Spondylus striatus, Sow.
Sp. sp.
T. sp.
Thetis Sowerbyi, Rem. .
Thracia carinifera, Sow. 0...
Teredo amphisbena, | (Cres WO Ss 2 I
Trigonia crenulifera (?) Lyc. (cast) « Pre
Tr. scabricola (?) Liye. (cast) .
Tr. Vicaryana, Lyc. (cast)
Unicardium ringmeriense, Mant.
Venus rothomagensis, d’Orb. (cast) pela:
BRACHIOPODA.
Lingula subovalis, Dav.
Kingena lima, Deft.
Rhynchonella dimidiata, eng ite ae
Rh. dimidiata var. convexa, Sow.
Bee senses eose
x e | Chert-Beds.
OO: :
PANN oH ow aam: :
Sand above Cherts.
Do FF
ah NS eee aeons a
ro
cs mo &
oM | £55
s.¢ | 3H
aa! ae
BS) oe
Spy Vea
iS) mH
i IV
b br
b b
m br
b,m | br
b
Be 5
br | br
br
aa b
oe b
db br
b b
o b
b br
arate dps
b b
b
5
ae b
auf b
at r
Bee |g
$8. b
A b
: b
ae r
ante br
ne b
Bes 7)
7)
b 6,7
: b
ie b
b b
oe b
b b
b, m b
m b
Ee 6:
,
b br
Chloritic Marl.
118 MESSRS. JUKES-BROWNE AND SCANES ON THE
List oF Fosstts (continued).
[Feb. 1901,
Phosphate-Bed and
Rye Hill Sand.
Chloritic Marl.
ee | ee | ee | ee
o is
| Siee
6 | 20s
3) () a
jae) 2 oo
a asi +e
ae) nD Oy
a ao) sa
A) aes
© M ©
I II III
Rhynchonella dimidiata var. Schlenbachi, ... des b
Dav.
Ri RUT ASCU IO LOL ON Peed he... Wecnestucdcevsceecs|. 1 act b br
Re UGRTCUIANGs SOW: iokcts eine sosmceace cee cak| Sex ef br
Se PEDIT ET ROOW 2 x eee! ole Pan aee ieee cee aay ee ae fh
Terebratella pectita, SoW. .....0.s.cccecececeees| oes b br
Terebratula arcuata, Roem. ..........6..eccceces| one 6b 6b
TESOL ULICMUG IOW «ac cas oan neuentedsecchweeeawdetwel | bas b b, m
T. biplicata (flat variety) .. A Sern ace bs m
T. squamosa, Mant. .... aS eee See eA IA sis br
Terebratulina ig a Wahl. 2.000 3
T. triangularis, Eth. . be
T. sp. (broad) . ;
Terebrirostra lyra, ‘Sow.
Bryozoa.
Diastopora escharoides, Mich.................+.
Heteropora ........
Membranipora (two. species) _ kc kate
Meliceritites semiclausa Maer aks
Micropora sp.
Radiopora tuberculata .. eee
Reptomultisparsa megalopora (Vine)... drsees . a
Stomatopora granulata, HW. ..........60.ce| oe ase | Oba
Spiropora micropora, Vine .....
~~]
CRUSTACEA.
Necrocarcinus Bechei, Deslong. ...............
NN. glaber, H. Woodw. .
NV. tricarinatus, Bell ..
Paleocorystes (?) Fe
Phlyctisoma ? (claw of) | seh Yew me Ras leita ae se
Potlacipes Bronwi, Roem. .....0.0.c..cclcccsceenel oa he b
Ei )
ANNELIDA.
i]
aS
Serpula annulata (?) Sow.
S. plexus, Sow. Ge ARNE ERA EO Aa Bene of 6 iN oe Bc
Se MUU B IEC SOW ea eis sundiosc.cis + «eens. Geskssresceseccaliy kee ie b
EcHINODERMATA,
Cardiaster fossarius, Benett
C. suborbicularis (2) ..
-_ oO
BC)
Catopygus columbarius, Lam. ....ecceccc| |B |by 7,20
Cottaldia Benettieg, Koenig ....................
Discoidea subucula, Klein
xo
a:
~
s
NO:
br
a
i)
oN
n S al
Ss | 2 | gi | se] 2
See Geol. Mag. 1894, p. 495.
Vol. 57.] UPPER GREENSAND AND CHLORITIC MARL OF WILTSHIRE. 123:
the former contains a fauna comparable with that of the Cornstones
and the Rye Hill Sand*; while the base of the latter is a glauconitic
chalk which has a Chalk-Marl fauna, but does not contain Stauro-
nema. Here, therefore, the sub-zone of Stawronema appears to be
absent; and a fauna resembling that of Rye Hill and Maiden
Bradley occurs in a bed which is inseparable from the Greensand,
and strongly marked off from the Chalk. The same is the case
both in Western and in Southern Dorset, many exposures occurring
in both districts and displaying the same general features.
In the Isle of Wight the circumstances are different: the
Stauronema-beds are well developed, and in most places have a
nodule-bed at their base, which rests on a piped surface of laminated
sand. This sand, however, does not contain many fossils, and, if
comparable with anything at Maiden Bradley, it may be paralleled
with the sand below the Cornstone-Bed. Here, therefore, on the
contrary, we have no satisfactory base to the Lower Chalk, without
including something that may correspond to the Rye Hill Sand.
In Northern Wiltshire, near Urchfont and Devizes, there is again
a well-marked base to the Stawronema-zone, and an absence of any
beds exactly comparable to the upper part of the Rye Hill Sand.
The evidence of these other localities is therefore conflicting,
and it cannot be denied that the systematic geologist is here
confronted with the horns of a dilemma: he must either exclude
the Rye Hill fauna from the zone of Ammonites varians, although
the cephalopoda of the Chalk-Marl are prominent members of it;
or else he must include in that zone beds which are in some places
separated by a strong physical and ontological break.
If the succession in Dorset and Northern Wiltshire were like that
in Southern Wiltshire, we should have no hesitation in so dividing the
__ two formations as to place the Rye Hill fauna in the Cenomanian or
_ Lower Chalk stage, because that would seem a natural inference
from the evidence which we have recorded in this paper. We feel,
a moreover, that such an arrangement would bring the Cenomanian
_. of England more into line with the Cenomanian of French geologists,
** who insist upon including within it every bed that contains
Ammonites varians.
It is consequently with some reluctance that we retain the
arrangement that is at present accepted, and we wish it to be clearly
understood that we do so only for the sake of convenience, and in
spite of the evidence adduced.in the foregoing pages. It is, in
fact, one of those cases in which the palxontological is in conflict
with the stratigraphical evidence. If the break in Dorset were not
where we believe it to be, we could follow the lead of paleontology ;
but, in the present state of our knowledge, we prefer to take the
stratigraphical line in Dorset as the least awkward of the two
alternatives,
* See Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. & Ant. Soc. vol. xvii (1896) p. 99, & Mem.
Geol. Surv. ‘ Cretaceous Rocks of Britain’ vol. i (1900) pp. 248 et seqgq.
124 MESSRS. JUKES-BROWNE AND SCANES ON THE ([Feb. 1901,
There is, however, a possible way out of the difficulty. The
contemporaneous fauna of the top bed of the Upper Greensand in
Dorset is certainly similar to that of the Rye Hill Sand and the
phosphate-bed at Maiden Bradley ; but though fossils are abundant
therein, Ammonites varians is not common. Hence it is possible
that this bed is really the equivalent of the sand below the Cornstones
only, and that the gap in Dorset is represented in Wiltshire not
only by the Stauronema-bed, but also by the Cornstones and the sand
between them. If this be the case, the objection to the inclusion of
the Cornstones and the fossiliferous part of the Rye Hill Sand in the
zone of Ammonites varians would cease to exist. We propose to
make further examination of the Dorset sections in order to satisfy
ourselves on this point.
Meantime, both in order to emphasize the importance of the
Rye Hill fauna, and to distinguish these beds from the rest of
the Selbornian Sands, we propose to group these debatable beds as
a distinct zone or sub-zone. For this the Echinid Catopygus
columbarius will serve as an appropriate index, since it is
especially abundant both at Rye Hill and Maiden Bradley as well
asin Dorset, while it is rarely found in the Chloritic Marl above.
Where most complete, as at Rye Hill, this sub-zone consists of
three distinct beds, which, in descending order, are :—
(8) Brownish sand, with many fossils, passing up into greenish-grey sand.
(2). A layer of calcareous concretions (the Cornstones),.
(1) A greenish sand-rock, with calcareous concretions.
The recognition of such a zone or sub-zone of Catopygus colum-
barius will be of service, because it will not only indicate the
existence of certain passage-beds in Southern Wiltshire, which form
an important factor in the complete sequence, but it will also enable
us to refer with greater precision to their correct horizon in the
series such portions of a less complete succession as occur in other
places. Thus we can say that, in Dorset, a part at least of the
sub-zone of Catopygus columbarius is present, and it will be in-
teresting to ascertain whether there are any traces of the former
existence of this zone in the Isle of Wight.
The following is the sequence of beds which can be recognized
at the junction of the Selbornian and Cenomanian, where the
succession is complete :—
4. Chalk-Marl.
3. Sub-zone of Stauronema Carteri.
2. Sub-zone of Catopygus columbarius.
1, Chert-Beds.
;
)
3
¥
—
: ; : 5 : c
- _ ¢ . =<
- red : 3 : aii en — - ———
- >
;
' A ' ‘
e =| Ne - .
re = See
| £
.- f
Deets :
: ae .
f
: :
;
\
_ : Fic ;
- oar 1 ae.
«a “a * 4 =
re Fe : | ;
«4 » | _ 7 * *.
5 eet ip . >See) Pe
aes. ee ated et ee
BPA COO | CSA) ALL
ary
eee
le
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE
district of
MERE anp MAIDEN BRADLEY
in WILTSHIRE.
Scale: 1 inch = 1 mile.
EXPLANATION
VA
Ea Upper & Middle Chalk
a4 Lower Chalk
Upper Greensand
A Gault
Kimeridge Clay
Coral Rag
\
Kate's Benches
Jump
nea mana AUS
oer Or
ant ren aT
Quart. Journ, Geol. Soc. Vol, LVII, Pl. IIT.
*S9U04SU0G) = Gree escns
‘spog W0qD = C “9sUq olf} 4B
‘gaUOJSUIOH OY} MOTEG pueg = O pues UMOAG YIM “PAV OLIOTTD = VW
(SAMIHSLIIM) AYYVNO AaTAvVaa NACIVW
= ae eS c = —--— — a ——-- =~ -— - ———————— ee ee
in - —~ ~—. = Be ES SIAM ILO LAS AIRE AAS DIE ie lial 8 PA i al an Sil ee = i ee ee ee —
— F) —— — — - is - =
GQ
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Vol. LVII, Pl. V.
SBS ries a
porn
li
ole
aes
DEAD-MAID QUARRY, MERE (WILTSHIRE).
Hard Chalk Marl; C = Chloritic Marl; D = Popple Bed ;
Bed C of Maiden Bradley (see Pl. IV).
A = Chalky Clay; B
E
[The vertical line A’ B' indicates where the section was taken. |
II
Vol. 57.] UPPER GREENSAND AND CHLORITIC MARL OF WILTSHIRE. 125
EXPLANATION OF PLATES III-V.
Prats III,
Geological Map of the District of Mere and Maiden Bradley, on the
scale of 1 inch to the mile.
Puate LY.
View of Maiden Bradley Quarry, showing the following succession :—
A = The Chloritic Marl, with the position of the nodule-bed represented
- by the uppermost stippled line.
B = The Cornstone-Bed.
C = The sand below the Cornstones.
D = The Chert-Beds, obscured at the base by fallen débris,
Prats V.
View of part of Dead-Maid Quarry near the eastern end, where the fossil
_ tree-trunk was found, a portion of which is embedded in the Popple-
Bed, a little to the right of the vertical white line. This line indicates
the point where the section given on p. 111 was measured.
The lowest stippled line marks the uneven base of the Popple-Bed. The line
denoting its summit rather exaggerates the actual unevenness, which may
be partly due to lateral pressure affecting beds of different degrees of
hardness. :
Discussion.
Mr. Lampiuen remarked that one of the Authors had shown
inconsistency in taking a lithological in preference to a paleonto-
logical division in this case, whereas in the parallel case of the
zone of Ammonites mammillaris at the base of the Selbornian he had
recently taken the opposite course. These constant difficulties in
regard to the boundaries of formations showed how local most of
such boundaries were, and how arbitrary and conventional they
must necessarily be when applied over extended areas.
The Rev. H. H. Winwoop and Mr. Wurraxer also spoke.
126 MR. S. 8. BUCKMAN ON THE BAJOCIAN [Feb. rgor,
9. Basoctan and Contievous Deposits in the Norra Correswonps:
The Main Hitr-Mass. By 8.8. Buckman, Esq., F.G.S. (Read
December 5th, 1900.)
[Prats VI—Map. ]
ConrTENTs.
Page
Ee Tintrod ne tron aco. cet sostiocca eacsansacsdoontense ieee 126
IT. Cause of the Bajocian Denudation ............s.secsccecassecees 128
III. Generalized Section of the North Cotteswolds ............... 129
IV. Detailed Sections in the North Cotteswolds .........cscseeces 130
¥. Supplementary Notes ....0:....:.00ieessssoscassonce5 eee 138
(a) The Snowshill Clay.
(6) The Harford Sands.
(c) A Review of Work accomplished.
(d) Section through the North Cotteswolds, from west
to east.
(€) Comparison with Prof. Hull’s Section.
(f) Bajocian Denudation and the Vale of Moreton.
(g) Bajocian Denudation and the Vale of Bourton.
() Penecontemporaneous Erosions and the Position
of Coal.
Vi. Appondix Dy iiss sane sedhessiagactaci oie stsnnuneeeee eee eee 149
(a) The Position of the Upper Trigonia-grit. .
(0) Note on the Upper Freestone Series.
(c) Note on the Sandy Ferruginous Beds.
(dZ) The Various ‘ Sands.’
VII. Appendix IT (Dates of some Erosions in ‘Jurassic’ Time)... 152
WELT. Suimantiary 3,5. h sae ste wnsadeeesees dasiewea sents schSeee- eee eee 154
I. IntRopvction,
THis paper is a continuation of two former communications
published by the Society, namely, ‘The Bajocian of the Mid-
Cotteswolds,’ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. li (1895) p. 388, and
‘Deposits of the Bajocian Age in the Northern Cotteswolds: The
Cleeve Hill Plateau,’ vol. liii (1897) p.607. So far as the sequence
of the strata themselves was concerned, the results arrived at in these
two papers may be best expressed in Table I (p. 127).
What the Table indicates is this :—In a north-easterly traverse
from Birdlip to Cleeve there are found, at Leckhampton Hill
five distinct beds separating two strata which at Birdlip were
in juxtaposition; and at Cleeve Hill, three more distinct beds
separating two beds which at Leckhampton Hill were in juxta-
position, namely, the Upper Trigonia-grit and the Notgrove
Freestone, and another distinct bed separating two other beds
similarly placed at Leckhampton—the Snowshill Clay and the Upper
Freestone. Consequently where nothing is intervening at Birdlip
there are five beds inserted at Leckhampton Hill, and nine beds
inserted at Cleeve Hill: that is, with regard to the five at Leck-
hampton, three additional at the top, and one more at the bottom.
Vel. 57. | OF THE NORTH COTTESWOLDS, 127
TABLE I.»—-SEQUENCE OF STRATA.
Birdlip. Leckhampton Hill. Cleeve Hill.
Upper Trigonia-grit.
Upper rgmivgit Phillipsiana-beds.
Bourguetia-beds.
Witchellia-beds.
Notgrove Freestone No tgrove Freestone.
(a remnant).
Upper Gryphite-grit. ———————_ Gry phite-grit.
_ Trigonia-grit. Ye an
Upper . T. Buckmani-grit———___ TI. Buckmani-gvit.
oo Lower Trigonia-grit tH Lower Trigonia-grit.
Snowshill Clay! Snowshill Clay.
(a trace).
Harford Sands.
Upper Freestone. —————__ Upper Freestone.
The ‘interest which attaches to the exploration of the North
Cotteswolds is to ascertain how and in what manner this inter-
vention of strata continues in a farther north-easterly traverse.
The results are these :—That the three upper intervening beds at
Cleeve Hill—the Phillipsiana-Witchellia-beds—have been planed
away, so that Upper Trigonza-grit rests upon Notgrove Freestone ;
but in the lower part of the intervening series there has been a
considerable development of strata, so that an important series of
deposits separates the Lower Trigonia-grit from the Upper Freestone.
Other results are that the Lower Trigonia-grit is very considerably
altered in lithic character, and that in the south-eastern part of the
district there has been removal of beds below the Witchellia-grit,
with the consequence that the Upper TZrigona-grit rests upon
Snowshill Clay.
What these results indicate are as follows:—After the deposition
of the Upper Freestone there was denudation of the deposited strata,
with greater erosion south-westward. Then there was gradual
depression producing overlap of deposits,—the Harford Sands being
deposited over the North Cotteswolds as far as Cleeve Hill, but
not beyond ; the Snowshill Clay being deposited over a wider area,
? Entered in the paper on ‘The Mid-Cotteswolds’ as Harford Sands
equivalent ; afterwards distinguished and corrected, see paper on ‘ The Cleeve
Hill Plateau’ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe. vol. liii (1897) p. 611.
128 MR. S. S. BUCKMAN ON THE BAJOCIAN [Feb. 1901,
for it stretches to Leckhampton Hill; the Lower Trigonia-grit
reaching farther—its lower part, however, not extending to Crickley,
near Birdlip, though the rest of it does.
The position of affairs may be roughly indicated in the appended
diagram (fig. 1) :—
Fig. 1.
5 D
3 é Z
2 =
= g ae z
?) Cs] © ~
er a> > sas
rs) a ro) RE, OS
= ® BS °
5 = 3 A
Lower Trigonia-grit.
Snowshill Clay.
Harford Sands.
Upper Freestone.
After the Lower T7’rigonia-grit had been laid down, there was
continuous deposition of other strata, until the Phzllipsiana-beds of
Cleeve Hill had been laid down. Then there occurred another—
the Bajocian—denudation, which again was most effectual in the
Birdlip district, where it removed a whole series of beds down to,
and perhaps lower than, the originally denuded Upper-Freestone
surface. When deposition again set in, and the Upper Trigonia-
grit was laid down, this deposit necessarily rested upon a denuded
surface of the outcrops of diverse rocks.
Il. Causz or tHE Basocran DENUDATION.
In my paper on ‘ The Mid-Cotteswolds ’ (p. 481), I spoke of the
Bajocian denudation as having -cut out a wide, shallow trough
through the intervening beds of the Birdlip district. I was inclined
to think that the strata had not properly consolidated, and that
current-action might have swept away accumulations in certain
places. But I have found evidence that the strata just deposited
had consolidated. I obtained from the Cleeve-Hill plateau a bored —
piece of Phillipsiana-beds, where the borings pass through shell
and stone equally: that implies that the stone was as hard as the
shell, otherwise the shell would have been avoided. The beds,
therefore, were thoroughly consolidated before the denudation.
Then Prof. T. T. Groom, writing to me about my Mid-Cotteswold
paper, suggested that the previously-deposited strata had been
thrown into folds whereof the anticlines had suffered denudation,
SS
Nol, s57.| ' OF THE NORTH COTTESWOLDs. 129
otherwise the Upper Trigonia-grit would have been deposited in
the hollows. I was indisposed, however, to accept this argument,
because the hollows found were so slight (they have only a fall
of 7 feet per mile) that the surface would have been sufficiently
horizontal to allow of the Upper 7’rzgonza-grit resting there.
But there are other points to be considered besides the matter
of consolidation. I have now found, by researches over a larger
area, that the denudation of Jurassic rocks affected both England
and Normandy, and that so far as the South-west of England is
concerned, the lines of denudation fall into a fairly definite series of
curves. ‘Therefore I am inclined to accept, and very gratefully to
acknowledge, Prof. Groom’s suggestion. And I would put the
matter in this way. During the deposition of the Bajocian, and
at other times, small earth-movements occurred which threw the
_ Jurassic rocks into folds of extremely slight elevation, in, probably, a
very shallow sea. The anticlinal folds were denuded, and thus the
edges of various deposits were cut across, exposed, and bored, and
upon the surface so formed a deposit such as the Upper T’rigonia-
grit was laid down.
There were evidently two such periods of earth-movement and
denudation during the deposition of the Inferior Oolite of the
Cotteswolds,'—one after the deposition of the Upper Freestone ;
another after the deposition of the Phillipsiana-beds. The latter
was the most important: it extended into Normandy. At Sully,
near Bayeux, are pebbles containing ammonites of the Sauzei-
Witchellie hemeree—date of the Phallipsiana-to- Witchellia-beds of
Cleeve Hill. Then at the base of the ‘ Oolithe ferrugineuse’ is a kind
of remanié deposit with Stepheocerata; and then deposition proper
commences with the ‘Oolithe ferrugineuse’ of the niortensis
hemera—that is, it commences at an earlier date than in the
Cotteswolds, for the Upper Trigonia-grit is one hemera later,
namely Garantiane. Still the recommencement is only local in
Normandy. About 7 miles away from Sully, between Port-en-
Bessin and Ste. Honorine des Perthes, there is no ‘ Oolithe fer-
rugineuse, —the recommencement of deposition started with strata
of Truellii hemera. The advance of deposition was slowly
towards the north-west, indicating where the anticline might be
expected.
Ill. Genera.izeD Section oF THE NortH CorreswoLps.
A generalized section of the deposits found in the main mass of
the North Cotteswolds may now be given, and then the details of
the different sections which afforded the evidence whereon it is
constructed.
1 Similarly in Somerset and Dorset ; see Appendix II, p. 153.
Q.J.G.8. No. 225. x
a ee ay a on
130
MR. §. S. BUCKMAN ON THE BAJOCIAN
[Feb. 1901,
Generalized Section of the North Cotteswolds.
Formation.
I. Upper Trigonia-
grit.
V. Notgrove Free-
stone.
VI. Gryphite-grit ...
VIL. 7. Buckmani-grit.
VIII. Lower Trigonia-
grit.
IX. Upper Snowshill
Clay.
IX a. Tilestone
Sereeccen
Xb. Lower Snows-
hill Clay.
X. Harford Sands.
XI. Upper Freestone.
Thickness in
Feet.
6.
bo
Ou
32
10
7 to 10
15 to 20
About 15
5
10, or perhaps:
more.
Localities.
Above Snowshill; Farmeott
Wood; near Campden
Hill Farm; Bourton
Clump.
Above Snowshill ; Farmcott
Wood; near Campden
Hill Farm ; Snowshill—
road to Broadway Tower.
Sudeley Hill.
Sudeley Hill.
Sudeley Hill ;
Hill.
Stanway Hill; Seven Wells.
Generally in neighbour-
hood of Broadway Tower.
Bourton Clump; near
Hyates Pits; Guiting
Hill.
Bourton Clump; Guiting
Hill.
Near Snowshill ; Bourton
Clump; Upton Wold ;
Sudeley Hill.
Stanway
TV. Derartep Sections 1n THE NortH CoTreswoLps.
The following sections give the evidence upon which the gene-
ralized section has been founded.
The first section is nearest to
Cleeve Hill, and has necessarily most affinity therewith. It is as
follows :—
Section I.—Farmcott Wood and Sudeley Hill.
(From Winchcombe 13 miles east, by the side of the main road to
Stow.)
A. Farmecott Wood.
Upper Trigonia-
grit.
I. 1. Shelly limestones with earthy
partings : numerous
Trigome
(moulds) and the characteristic
brachiopoda
VY. 1. Whitish, very oolitic stone, with
a planed and bored surface.
Level-bedded
Notgrove Free-
stone.
eeeeccece
oe 63
2. The same, but very noticeably
false-bedded
aati. shown 8
Add about i0 feet for the difference
in ground-level between this ex-
posure and the next.
Probably
some feet more should be added
for the dip
sere etoosecseas
Lower Tri- VIII. Hard, brown-speckled, somewhat
Vol. 57.] OF THE NORTH COTTESWOLDS. ISL
B. Sudeley Hill.
Bint” Bits
Notgrove Free- V. Fragments in soil.
stone.
Gryphite-grit, VI. 1. Yellowish marl and stone; broken
fragments of Gryphea ............ 1
2. Shelly ragstone, with numerous
Gryphee; and with Belemnites
gingensis near the top ........... - 2
ks
T. Buckmani- VII. 1. Yellowish, sandy stone with T7ri-
grit. gome ; Terebratula Uptoni,
3 feet down; TZ. Buckmani,
single, 43 feet down. The top
of this series is a somewhat
hard, projecting bed. Visible
Add perhaps
ho @
Cer cesses eesosersesssseseocess
gonia-grit. sandy stone. Ostrea ; smooth
Pecten ; very large Cucullea.
Lower 24 feet visible in the
quarry at a waggon-loading ledge.
Possible. Chickmessh qi. qsane:-> 2-2 +0—-- 7
[Tbe part above the 23 feet is
hidden by rubble over the face of
the quarry. |
Norrs.—Some 20 feet lower down the hill is an exposure of what look like
‘Harford Sands, near the bench-mark 920, on the right-hand side of the road
to Winchcombe. ‘There is an undoubted exposure of these sands in a rabbit-
burrow, in the copse under the steep brow of the hill tothe left. This is at
about the same level. The sandstone is crowded with lamellibranchs. iis:
T. Buckmani-grit. VII. 1. Stone with marl; Gryphea Re od
and Ostrea.
Lower Tri- VIII. 1. Stone with Hyperlioceras(: ?)
gomia-grit. MIVPREEWNON | eos yaok es on cntne 8
2. Marl with Hyperlioceras (B). PG
GMENUDDLY (SUONG)..1..-.:500-s0csieenee 9
4 Marland SONG . 2.4, «.< Mem. Geol. Surv. ‘South Staffordshire Coalfield’ 2nd ed. (1859).
§ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxili (1877) p. 10.
7 T. T. Groom ‘ On the Geological Structure of Portions of the Malvern &
Abberley Hills’ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe. vol. lvi (1900) pp. 138-95, & W. J.
Clarke ‘The Unconformity in the Coal-Measures of the Shropshire Coalfields’
ibid. vol. lvii (1901) pp. 86-95.
5 2
—
walt lait, tt meen tt i re i A Le
SNOLSNOU ® 1¥OO SNIW Aassva
s1qso4igg ‘109409 ‘3NOLS3WI7 bce pao
usdiqiyg viuoovayzup | NOLS3WI7 beecereemcerceme rere
“HULA B1021N0G405 a t
y : TVOO NIHL
002 “ 009 ete Cees
U)
11sdqIyq veutos
-DAYJUP ‘INOLSNOUI
SNOLSGNVS AdY¥D :
‘
U
VOO NIHL i 5194041
J ‘ ' SNOLSSWIT XY beceeeccmerern
008 / 009 VOO! NIHL Ce 005
: (usdiyjiyq veuoovaysuy) f i /
n 1VOO ? S3NOLSNOY! SNIW Gay ! f /
: = ' ? :
’ U ’
‘ U 1
iy 4 Pe
(usguqing vimoovsyjuy) ool | 00S ' 00P
VOO0 ® ANOLSNOY! DVHS aay ' ‘ SEIETS
i | : JWAT-Y3ONN n1sg04 oN
— Cusdiniyad vhmorvsyquy) / ' -JTISVOMIN ~SNOLSSWI7 31H became
1VOO ? SNOLSNOU! SAUYVA 2% i :
| ig ale 2 ON
t
pee a
“1vOO
*SaluaS ONVa YOV18
“YON
002
5 TAALANOd NOILISOd
’
i
‘
i
a : $1g4041¢§ (NOLONINNIM) SANOLSAWIT WHVG peace
"YOU! T = 329} 00Z ! cs
h 00L
22J2IS [INADA
6
]
é
1 “PRAM TOA & puny x
i
t
SIVAYUSLNI LY SLIYUD NA3SY¥S SO SGNVE HLIM SIYVW G3y GAILLOW
one ‘sq1uas 3733y
‘TON
19404195 3NOLSAWI7 Pex orereromemnet
ALIWD N3aYD merece )
see ee
*SAl¥dS TYVW VINNYLZ ;
COON
Vol. 57.] UPPER COAL-MEASURES OF THE MIDLANDS. 253
productive series in North Staffordshire is one of strict conformity ;
and that the evidence is in favour of the post-Carboniferous
age of the chief movements which have affected the Midland
Coalfields.
The Pottery Coalfield of North Staffordshire, comprising one of
these areas, has been surveyed by Mr. Wedd and myself. The
southern portion of the South Staffordshire Coalfield, described in
this paper, had been partly mapped by me in connection with
the field-class of the Birmingham University, and the typical sections
were revisited last year. With the object of comparing the upper
series in Denbighshire with that of North Staffordshire, the sections
exposed in the Dee Valley to the east of Chirk, and between
Ruabon and Wrexham, were visited last year. I have also had the
opportunity of examining, from time to time, the cores from the
boring at Thurgarton (Nottinghamshire),
II. Norru StaFrForRDsHIRE.
Before dealing with the Upper Coal-Measures of the Pottery
Coalfield it will be necessary to say a few words about the pro-
ductive series. For convenience of description, the base may be
taken at the Winpenny Coal, the lowest workable seam, and the
summit at the Bassey Mine Coal. Grey is the prevalent colour ;
but on two horizons at least, notably above the Yard Coal (516
yards below the Bassey Mine), and again a short distance above
the Knowles or Winghay Coal (128 yards below the Bassey Mine),
red sandstones and shales from 30 to 50 feet thick are developed,
and can be traced throughout the eastern district. At Western
Sprink, red shales and calcareous nodules above the. Yard Coal have
yielded to Mr. John Ward a marine fauna including cephalopoda
and brachiopoda, and also Carbonia Rankiniana, an entomostracan
common at several horizons in the higher Coal-Measures. At other
stages, but mainly associated with bands of ironstone, entomostraca
and Spirorbis are common, and at Adderley Green Mr. Ward
pointed out to me a grey limestone with Spirorbis as low down as
the Bowling Alley Coal (167 yards below the Yard Coal). It
is seén, therefore, that red strata and bands of limestone with
Spirorbis are not confined to the higher barren measures.
The change from the grey measures, with numerous and thick
seams of coal and a prolific fauna, into the barren (mainly red) strata
above the Bassey Mine Coal, is very gradual. The coal-seams
deteriorate slowly in quality and thickness, and the fauna becomes
poorer in number and species as the sequence is traced upward.
This is particularly the case with the mollusca, which become rare
in the upper part of the productive measures, and thus foreshadow
the sparse fauna of the barren series. The character, fossil contents,
and thickness of the beds succeeding the Bassey Mine Coal are shown
in descending order in the appended table (p. 254).
XITX "JOA "009 "[Bq “1Z0u0T_ ‘put
hoy ‘dd (006T) isi
Toyooy MA !
WHR ‘4SUT ‘SYVIG YIION ery ‘pate A *f 208 Beis Jay }O 9} 10,5 au} 10g
‘TvOC our Aossegy
"snqnysida snpoUueqyD ‘gsegq ‘ase BY} VAOGK 499} OP 04 9E 7" JURYSULOD
'‘snsoqquh snpojpdigy ‘snungda7 snyzuponjap ‘2129.19q SI YOM JO oUO ‘seldas oY} Jnoysnoiyy ouo4ys
“WH shyqyouwbayg ‘14ULg (visoID4yIUP) 0109109 -aUl] JO spueqg UIYy, ‘seuoysuoIL puvg-yovl[g_
-09 ‘usduypyg vhiumoovuyzup ‘nuogung ‘siquomdg | pue [vod JO sulves UY} SsholewnNpY ‘s[IBUL
‘saqapiny, “pjva ~—-| poyggour-ATIYSI[s pue yd Lats Jo spueq avlno ‘SaIaag
"1903 OSPF 03 O08 | ~24nw sruagdowwyl “umoyong *Q ‘suvieva saqvun7vp | -1yUe, euloG ~*sAv[D puv ‘s[IvUN ‘souoyspuLs L914) anvg-woviTg
‘QUOJSPUBS PIUIVIS-oUl, YSiMeats & Ue4Jo ‘ose
‘(ATWO 1O¥.La4S0Y) BSBq OY} BAOGB Joa NET [vOd
uly} puR ‘ouojsUOAL pozyeUIMe, B SUIATIOAO
auoyspuvs AIS JO SSBUL IB[LOIYUETT ‘oseq pue
FLULULNS OY} LVIU SPpUBY-9UOJSOULIT “OL4sTI9JoOVL
‘usdujygq vimoov.yqup ‘ouog.vg ‘siquomdy | -eyo ATOA JIS U9AIG Jo spuvq uy, ‘shvlO ‘SHIaaG
*999F OOTT 99 008
“y22F OOF
*PIGISIA
a19Y MOU qlut
-UING “YAeq 9903]
yw 4ooy QOL IAC
"SSOUYOUT
"PoULUaJOpUN SUIVUTEI-JUB[
“phat
-10)00 phuoonAyjup ‘vuvipany viuoguvy ‘srquomdy
‘sngvayns sndavo
“opquyy “upaveg vitvjjrbrg ‘syrqvitma sngouysop
-deT ‘snyouxouddy saquuniwp ‘saproa’ mwwu
-buyg ‘suaosasogun sisazdooag ‘vaqupbrb * ny ‘020Aa0
sruaqdounanrr ‘vpvar1wnu srwagdorimyy ‘sujvqoispa “TT
‘whuaquiagg uorpuapoprday ‘svusofiasinba snp
-pjoowmn py ‘vorgvyouo) *p ‘vuyinbo sirsagdoyjary
“snsog
-qub snpojdig ‘shyzyovuopy ‘nunumyungy *— ‘snzjad
-7008 ‘Dp ‘suabund "— ‘nuvipun yy vmuogsnp ‘siquomdy
*saqIpp
-L00 “unpphydouaydy ‘wngwjoaoun) wnpphydoprdary
“UYSID “QO “PIpynpun sozrvuvn) yD ‘uorpuapopidaT
“U0NeYL “NC ‘Stasaurswn *AT “Wazyonoyoy sr.4aqdouna AT
"sqUaQUoQ o1Uvb4OQ
pue sjiwur ajdand pue pea payjyou Agog
*QUOJSOULI] ULOB.IJSOWOZUS ‘ase *[BOD JO
SUIBOS UY} INOJ YIM soTBYs pus souoyspues AOI 4)
‘g[vys UBovljsowojus ‘asvg ‘areys puv
guUoJspuRsS Adis JO Spulvq o{vUIpOgns puv sou04s
-am, Avis puv YouTq UIY J, “[BOd JO suLvas [BOIS
-voo(Q) ‘S[euL pue souojspuvs otdaind puv pay
"SHAZODADY OD
TUVI VINAALY
‘SHIMAG ANAT
“AHaON DA TLSVOME NT
‘SHIETG TIAL Y
“womstarpang
fo 2won
OL *AULHSCUOTAVIG HLYON NI SHYOSva]_-1V0O/) ACMHSIH AHL AO SNOISIAIGHOAG AHL ONIMAHS ATV,
Vol. 57.] UPPER COAL-MEASURES OF THE MIDLANDS. 255
A description of these subdivisions has appeared elsewhere,! and
need not be repeated. The main characters are given in the table,
while the position of the various bands of limestone and Black-
Band ironstones are shown in vertical sections Nos. 1-4, fig. 1, p. 252.
I will confine myself, therefore, to such evidence as the district
affords, in settling the question of the relation of the subdivisions one
to the other and to the productive series.
Let us first consider the relation of the subdivisions one to the
other.
Relation of the Etruria Marl Series to the
Black-Band Series.
The base of the Etruria Marls is generally, but not invariably, a
greenish-yellow grit. When this is absent, red marls rest directly
on the top of the Black-Band Series. Grits of a kindred character
are of frequent occurrence throughout the subdivision, and are
persistently and strongly developed near the summit, where they are
much coarser than those at the base. Their presence, therefore,
does not mark any particular line of erosion. That the basal grits
do not indicate a discordance is shown by the fact that they always
occur a few feet above a Black-Band ironstone known as the Top Red
Mine or Half-Yards, that is, subjected to the law of thickening and
thinning of the strata to be mentioned later on (p. 258); they are
developed at the same vertical distance above the Bassey Mine Coal
er base of the Upper Measures. At one locality, Chesterton, about
150 feet up inred marls, a thin band of Black-Band ironstone, over-
lain by grey grit, is developed. The ironstone contains Anthracomya
Phillipsii in abundance, a fossil very common in the Black-Band
Series. The Etruria Marls also contain thin limestones, with ento-
mostraca similar to those found in the Black-Band Series. It is,
moreover, noticeable that bands of red marl are present in the middle
and towards the summit of the Black-Band Series (Hampton’s Marl-
Pit, Shelton, Cannon Street, Ladyswell, Longton Hall), thus showing
the oncoming of the conditions under which the Etruria Marls were
deposited. The Etruria Marls are, therefore, stratigraphically and
palzontologically allied to the Black-Band Series.
Relation of the Newcastle-under-Lyme Series
to the Etruria Marls.
The Newcastle-under-Lyme Series can be clearly demonstrated to
be conformable to the Etruria Marls by the limestone at its base
invariably occupying a position 30 to 50 feet above a band of lime-
stone that occurs near the summit of the Etruria Marls. Instances
of the gradual passage of the red Etruria Marls into the grey shales
1 «Summary of Progress of the Geological Survey for 1898-1899’ Proc.
North Staffs. Field Club, vol. xxxiv (1900) pp. 95-97.
256 MR. W. GIBSON ON THE CHARACTER OF [May 1gor,
and sandstones of the Neweastle-under-Lyme Series ean be seen in
many localities in the district, and is illustrated by the following
section, measured in a marl-pit near Longport Railway-station :—
PS
Feet. Inches.
{ Yellow flags andishalesipes.........cescbe Meee 20
Yellow shales, with fish-seales ............. 0.006
Red shales.—Carbonia .........0.:.2cecseecenseee
Blaek shales. —Carbonia, fish-seales ............
4 died Shiela Stee neers tere. ico 2eh tenant SoS ee
Red limestone.— Carbonia, fish-remains ......
Weel nwgsina ess oeeic 5.56 shade oe aks tee cag ee
Blue limestone.—Anthracomya ealcifera ......
\ MeO WASALES 1. wos otiscomres simi conces satae Meare ae
Pimple nmaacls 1-0 .c5Gss eee cece... eoceaee 3
Greenish-yellow grit (base not seen) ......... +
Breceiated limestonen’.cacce.ce