ee ee ee Rat ES 2 ak No. 12.] AUGUST, !877. [VoL I. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. CONTENTS. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES: Drillia rosolina Drillia filosa Pleurotoma gracilis Columbella cuspidata Nassa obliquata .., Gladius Martinii ... Gonaxis Gibbonsi Zonites ventrosa ... Buliminus olivaceus Buliminus tumidus Buliminus obesa.. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: Helix pisena. --G. Sherriff, Tye... Geographical distribution of the Marine Gastropoda o on the South and Kast Coasts of Africa.—J. S. Gibbons, M.B.. d eh List of West African Marine Shells.—F. P. Marratt.. Description of a new form of Gladius.—F. P. Marratt Limax gagates at Hastings. —Jno. W. Taylor... Note on Bulimus Goodallii, —J.E. Daniels ..: Note on Clausilia biplicata v. albida.—J. E. Daniels.. Clausilia biplicata y. albida.—Mrs. Fitzgerald Helix hortensis m. sinistrorsa, at Bristol. —Miss F. M. Hele Helix aspersa m. sinistrorsa, at Bristol.—Miss F. M. Hele.. Bulimus obscurus v. alba, at Bristol.—Muiss F, M. Hele Cochlicopa lubrica y. hyalina, at Llandudno.—W. D. Roebuck Land Shells of Capri.—Mrs. Fitzgerald Descriptions of new species of Land Shells from E, Africa.— Jno. W. Taylor ae BIBLIOGRAPHY : ————_?@+e-@—___— LONDON : HARDWICKE & BOGUE, 192, PiccapILLy, W. BRISTOL. W. K. MANN, C.uirton. LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS, St. ANN’s STREET, PRICE ONE SHILLING. Notice. Full price will be paid for clean, perfect copies of Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of this Journal at the Office St. Ann’s St., Leeds. To AMERICAN CoNCHOLOGISTS.—Wanted specimens of Helix Cum- berlandiana, auriculata, auriformis, hippocrepis, troostiana, febigeri, pustula, pustuloides, leporina, labrosa, Edgarina, Edvardsi, barbigera, maxillata, obstricta, mullani, introferens, vultuosa, divesta, Clarkil, Christyi, Wheatleyi, dentifera, Downieana, jejuna, Hillebrandi, mormo- num, levis, pandore, varians, Rowelli, incrustata, Hornu, G&c.—A small collection of British species offered for any assistance.—Address K, ‘Office of the Journal, St. Ann’s St., Leeds. - Collections of twenty species of British Limneide, in exchange for Limnzidze ot any other country.—W. NeEtson, Duke Street, Leeds. BOSSES RECEIVED. The Proc2edings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 8vo., 1876, pp. 546 and 9 plates. [ Mr. John Brazier. The Smithsonian Report for 1875, 8vo. pp. 422. [The Institution. New and peculiar Mollusca of the Kellia, Lucina, Cyprina and Corbula families, procured in the ‘‘Valorous” expedition, by J. G. Jeffreys, LiL.D., -F-RS., &c., Dec, 1876. 8v0.. pp..12." [The aaa New and peculiar Mollusca cf the Order Solenoconchia procured in the ‘“Valorous” expedition, $vo. pp. 6, Feb. 1877, by J. G. Jeffreys, TAD. ERS. Pol SG ae: - [The Author. New and peculiar Mollusca of the Pecten, Mytilus and Arca families procured in the “Valorous” expedition by J. Gwyn Jeffreys, L.L.D., PRG orc, ne [The Author. Jahrbiicher der Déutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft.—Edited by Dr. Wm. Kobelt.—April 1877, 8vo. pp. 98 and 3 plates. [The Editor. Preliminary descriptions of new species of Mollusks, from the North West coast of America, by Prof. W. H. Dall, March 1877, 8vo. pp. 8. [The Author. On the Californian species of Fusus, by Prof.W. H. Dall, March 1877, 8vo. pp. 8. . [The Author. The American Naturalist —Edited by Prof. A. S. Packard, junr., May— July 1877, Svo. [The Editor. The Naturalist —Edited by C.P. Hobkirk and G, T. Porntt, F.LS., May—July 1877, 8vo. _.. [The Fditors. Journal de Conchyliologie.—Edited by Crosse and Fischer.—April and _July, 1877, Svo. pp. 224 and 6 plates. _ [The Editors. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1876, 8vo. pp. 440 and 17 plates. [The Academy. On 40 proposed new forms of the genus Nassa._—By F. P. Marrat, 1877, Svo. pp. 16 and plate. _ [The Author, Description of a new species of Helix from South Australia, by G. French Angss, C.M.Z.S., &c., 1877, 8vo. p. I. [The Author. Descriptions of two genera and twenty species of Marine shells from New South Wales by G. F. Angas, C.M.Z.S., F.L.S., &c., 1877, Svo. pp. 8 and plate. [The Author. On the Ist of every month, Price Sixpence, 24 pp. Svo. THE ENTOMOLECISTS MORTHLY RIAGAZIRE Coredicted by FW. DOUGLAS; R. M’LACHLAN, L.L.S.; C. RYE, EZS.; and H. T. STAINTON, F-R.S.; This Magazine was commenced iu 1864, and its pages are principally devoted to nformation respecting British Entomology : London :: JoHN VAN Voorst, 1, Paternoster Row, E.C. N.B.—The Volume commences with the June number in each year. Snbscrip- tions (6/- per vol., post free), should be forwarded to the Editors at tke above address. PRS SE EY In January April, July and Seen: as pp. vo., “The Seottish Natwraltst,” A Quarterly Magazine of SCOTTISH Natural History, Edited by F. BUCHANAN Wuite, M.D., F.L.S. Price (paid in advance) 4s. per annum, post free. If not paid in advance, 4s 6d, and postage extra. Single Numbers ts. 2d. Apply to the Eprtor, PertH; or Mr. J, Youne, C.E., Tay Street, PERTH. ‘ol. IV. commenced with the number oe January, 1877. Vol. I, may still be had—Price Seven Shillings. THE NATURALIST: Journal of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, and General Field Club Record. Edited by C. P. Hopxirk & G. T. Porritt, F.L.S, Monthly, price 4d. or 4/- per annum (in advance). Vol II, commenced August, 1876. Post-free of R. Brown, Publisher, Huddersfield, Comptoir de Conchyliologie. Madame Veuve MICHEL VIMONT vient de transporter RUE DE MONTENOTTE, 14 ( TERNES), LETABLISSEMENT CONCHYLIO- LOGIQUE, gue son marie et elle dirigeaient. Elle continue comme par le passe a s’occuper de la vente et de V’achat des CoQuUILLES VIVANTES, dont elle possede un assortiment consid- erable, et 4 faire des envois dans les départements et a Vé tranger. Addresse: has removed the Conchological Establishment carried on by her and her late husband at Tou- louse, to 14, RUE DE MONTEN- OTTE, PaRis-TERNES. She con- tinues to sell and_ purchase Recent Shells of which she possesses a large and varied stock, and to send parcels into the departments, or to foreign countries. Rue de Montenotte, 14, PARIS-TERNES. 15, GREAT RUSSELL ST, LONDON, Names and arranges Specimens and Collections of SHELLS, for Public and Private Museums; supplies desiderata and entire Collections, from a large and valuable Stock, which is constantly being replenished by novelties from various ay of the W orld. Specimens sent for Selection. 45, GREAT RUSSELL ST., LONDON. AND AT NO OTHER ADDRESS, S Tyr ry -Xh. Aa} TS = ~~ = —= (Many years with the bade Hugh Cuming), SHELLS, INSECTS, BIRDSKINS, EGGS, REPTILES, &C., &C. Collections Bought or Sold on Commission. No. BB, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, Opposite the British Museum, LONDON, Quarterly ‘Journal of Conckolozy. 225 Journal de Conchyliologie, January, i877. Crosser, H.—Faune malacologique des iles Kerguelen (Malaco- logical Fauna of the Kerguelen Islands) pp. 5—15. The naturalists attached to the English and American Transit of Venus Expeditions made collections at these islands, the mollusca of which have been described by Messrs. Smith and Dall No land shells-have been added to the species already known—7elix Hookeri, Reeve,—but 25 marine species are enumer ated of which a. large proportion are new. The name Lavonia given by Mr. Smith toa new genus of Azssezde having been already used by Hall for a genus of Lrachiopoda, Mr. Dall has proposed to alter it to Zatontella, Mr. Crosse remarks that the fauna of the Kerguelens whilst closely related to that of New Zealand, is not without affinity to that of the Straits of Magellan, and has also special peculiarities. Dupuy—Novte sur. quelques Mollusques trouves 4 Barbotan (Gers) (Note on some Mollusca found at Barbotan in the Depart- ment of the Gers) pp. 15—23. The Abbé Dupuy and M. Dubalen had special opportunities for examining the fauna of this thermal station, having been stay- ing there when the large hot water tank was emptied. In this tank, supplied by three hot springs which kept the water at a tem- perature of 30°—35° Cent. = 86°—95° Pahr., freshwater mussels, especially magnificent specimens of Unio &egudenit, Mich., were found in abundance, and without the erosion which so eae injures the beauty of fresh water shells. Lyinnee and Physe were also found in water of the same temperature in other parts of the bathing establishment. At the foot of the walls of the church, 226 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Pupa dilucida, Zieg\., a species new to France, occurred. It was previously known from the Tyrclese and Lombard Alps. 67 species of mollusca from the neighbourhood of Barbotan are catalogued. MonTEROSATO.—Note sur quelques coquilles provenant des cotes d’ Algérie (Note cn some shells from the Algerian Coast), Pp. 24—49. The receipt of a collection of shells made by M. Joly in Algiers Roads has enabled the Marchese di Monterosato to add a con- siderable number of species to those enumerated by Weinkauff in his Catalogues of Algerian Shells (Journ. de Conch., 1862 and 1866),and in the present article, without giving a complete list, he mentions 148 species which are new to the locality or respecting which he has some remarks to make. Tapes pullastra (vera) occurs. Chztfon Polit, is abundant in the Mediterranean, but Algiers is one of the few localities where uneroded and unen- crusted specimens occur. The operculum of Fossarius is described. and only two true Mediterranean species are admitted. Jdditra fusca, Swainson, a fine species, 40-45 mill. long is mentioned. The following species are figured, of the new ones general indica- tions of the characters are given. Defrancia concinna, Scacchi, (Pl. uy, fig. 1.) 2. dénearis, Montagu, (fig. 2.) Afarginella celata, Monterosato, (fig. 3.) Réngicula conformis, Monter., (fig. 4.) Scalaria candidissima, Monter., (fig. 5.) Tvrochus Drepanensis, (fig. 6.) . Odostomia internodula, S. Wood, (V1. iii, fig. 1.) Lulima intermedia, Cantraine, (fig. 2.) Rissoa Wetnkauffi, Schwartz, (fig. 4.) &. Algeriana, Monter., (fig. 5.) 2. sculptilis, Monter., (fig. 6.) Lt. aurita, Monter., (fig. 7.) 2. seminulum, Monter., (fig. 8.) Lt. levis, Monter., (fig. 9.) Vermetus cristatus, Biondi, (fig. 10). M. Crosse remarks in a note on the use of the name Scalaria Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 227 Turtonts, Turton, by the author. With two of M. Crosse’s objections we quite agree. No one should give his own name to a species, even under the pretext that it isso called in compliment to a member of his family, or toa namesake, and the shell, if named after Mrs. Turton, should have been 7Zurtone, but we differ from him as to the use of the third declension. Ifa French Conchologist had the good fortune to bear the name of Cicéron, or the ill-luck to be named Néron, would M. Crosse in dedicating a shell to him call it Ciceroni or Neroni? Such asolecism would be enough to make the former of those men rise from his grave. In our opinion too great severity should not be exercised on this point of latinizing names, as we know that the Romans by no means always latinized “barbarous” names by merely tacking an “us,” or an “a” to the end of them. The original of Caractacus for instance, was not Caractac but Caradoc, and we may be pretty certain that Boadicea’s Celtic designation differed a good deal from “ Boadice.” FiscHER, Dr. P.—Faune malacologique de la vallée de Caut- erets,—additions et corrections (Malacological fauna of the Valley of Cauterets—additions and corrections), pp. 49—56. A supplement to the article at pp. 51, et se}. of the last volume. The slug there called Amalia marginata, Drap., is now described as a new species, Zimax altilis. Fischer, a curious hairy variety of HT, Moulinsi, Farines, is described (var. acrotricha, Fisch.,) and the occurrence of Hydrobia Reynies?, Dup., var. canaliculata in a stream at a altitude of 1350 metres is noted. FiscHER, Dr. P.—Note sur le Capulus Shreevet, Conrad, (Note on C. Shreevei,) pp. 57. This supposed Cafzulus, from South Carolina, turns out to be an ossicle of Pho/as. 228 Onuarterly Journal of Conchology, Baupon.—Monographie des Sweccinées francaises ( Mono- graph of the French Swccinez) pp. 57—69. In this first part of his monograph Dr. Baudon gives some general observations on the genus, its history, characters,the habits of the mollusks, the geographical distribution of the French species, &c. He speaks of their great power of enduring cold, some specimens of S. putris having suffered no injury from an imprisonment of several months in a flask lined inside with ice. He then gives a list of the species, 10 in number, respecting which we would remark that Suc P/etfert and elegans are usually con- sidered synonymous, that S. pareu/a does not appear in Kobelt’s Catalogue, (possibly it-is a new species, but as no author’s names are.added to any of the species it is difficult to say). S. Baudont is, according to Moquin-Yandon, a var. of S.avenaria and a “species dubiz” of Kebelt. 8 acramblcia is notin Kobelt, we suspect it is one of Bourguignat’s species. S. dedbi/is is placed by Kobelt among the “species dubiz,” but is probably good, and S. humilis is, according to Moquin-Tandon, as well as to Kobelt, only a var. of S. oblonga. This would reduce the number of species nearly to Moquin-Tandon’s original 5, S. dedz/zs being, we very much suspect, the only real addition, but the continuation of the article must be awaited before pronouncing a final opinion. We must, however, confess to very Herodian proclivities as to European, species especially, and we highly approve of the mas- sacre of the;innocents which has been going on at the hands of Dr. Kobelt for the last few years. CrossE and FiscHer.—Note sur le nouveau genre 4c op- tychia de Madagascar—-(Note on the genus dAcrofptychia from Madagascar), p. 70. In consequence of the name £:z5tyctza given by MM. ‘Crosse Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 229 and Fischer-to a beautiful new genus of Cyclostomidz from Madagascar having been used in 1816 by Hiibner for a genus of Lepidoptera, it has become necessary to find a new name for the mollusks. Acroptychia is therefore proposed. Crossz, H.—Note complémentaire sur ?Eulima Staliot, Brusina, (Supplementary note on E. Stalioi), pp. 7o—71. This Dalmatian species was described in the 1869 Vol. of the Journal, (p. 242).—A figure is now given. (Pl. iil, fig. 3). Souvereik, Dr. —Descriptions d’espéces nouvelles de I’ Archi- pel Calédonien (Descriptions of new species from the New Caledo- nian Archipelago), pp. 71—-76. Conus Lumberti, (Pl. i, fiz. 1 and Pi. ti, fiz. 7), a fine species nealy 4% inches long. of a deep orange colour, with white spots, Uvea; Amathina angustata, (Pl. i, fig. 6); Alitra turturina, (fig. 2.) Lifou; Zéssoina hystrix, Art & Nou.; &. scolopax, (fig. 3), Art, Nou & Lifou. SouveRBIE,—Description d’un Scalenostoma nouveau, (Des- cription of a new Scalenostoma) p. 77. S. apiculatum from Mauritius. Crosse & FiscHer.—Diagnosis Helicis nove insula Mada- gascar dicta incole, (Diagnosis of a new Madagascar Helix) p.78. FT, Suarezen ts. Paleontology, Bibliography and Obituary, (Dumortier, Liénard, Taslé, Rambur, Kiister and Appelius), pp. 73—97. NEws.—/pp. 97——100 ).—The existence of an operculum in Voluta musica is confirmed, a new genus ( Volutolyria) is there- fore proposed for it, Another example of the venomous properties 230 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. ro) of the Cones is given, Conus marmoreus being the species in question this time. (This fact has now been abundantly con- firmed, there can be no further doubt on this point). Three coloured plates, representing 22 species, accompany this interesting number of MM. Crosse & Fischer’s Journal. CrPG, VERTIGO MOULINSIANA, Dupuy. [From the Annals of Natural History. ] This interesting and local little land shell has been lately discov- ered by Mr. Henry Groves. while botanizing, in a small marsh be- tween Winchester and Southampton. See “ British Conchology,” 1, p. 256, and v. (Suppl. ) p. 106. Mr. Grove’s specimens are rather more swollen or barrel-shaped than mine from the West of Ireland ; and they agree exactly with some Danish specimens, for which I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Morch, as well as with the descriptions and figures of Dupuy and Moquin-Tandon. Kiister and Kreglinger called it V. Charpentiert, after a MS. name given by Shuttleworth. Heyneman described it as V. ventrosa, and Westerland as Pupa Lilljeborgi. Dupuy’s name (Moulinsiana) dates from 1849, and has priority.-—J. Gwyn JErrreys, HELIX PISANA,—Miu.‘ ER. By G. SHERRIFF TYF, While in Guernsey in the summer of 1876, I found this species Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 231 plentiful in Vazon Bay, on plants of Brassicx oleracea (wild cabbage) and at the roots of (Armeria maritima) sea pink. A noticeable fact which I am unable to account for, is, that with rare exceptions, all the shells on the plants, and there were many thousands, were young of various ages having fragile additions to the mouth of their shell of the season’s growth, while all the shells adhering to the walls of a small brick building near, were “finished,” having the usual number of whorls and ribbed mouth. I examined a large number of plants in search of adult shells before I discovered the specimens attached to the walls of the hovel, after which I soon obtained as many as I desired. I have not met with any record of H. prsana having been found in Guernsey before. My friend, Mr. Wm. Randall, the well known enthusiastic and kind hearted marine zoologist, of Guern- sey, mentioned a ‘banded shell of considerable size’ which a friend of his had been pleased at finding near the Castle at S. Sampson’s which I suspected was this species, but the only evidence I could find of its having existed there was one dead shell. Its habitat at S. Clement’s Bay, Jersey, is well known to most conchologists. I have had the pleasure of seeing it “at home” there. It lives within a few yards of the ordinary sea level, and I should imagine that at high tides the sea washes the “ base of its habitation.” The largest shells here are much smaller than the largest Tenby specimens, and the prevailing colour of the banded shells is lighter. At Jersey (and Guernsey) the colour is umber of varying shades, at Tenby it is sepia of greater or less intensity. In the Channel Isles I failed to find among many thousand shells, spread along a large extent of shore, an albino, or even a creamy-white opaque shell, the latter being common at Tenby, 232 Quarterly Joxriaal of Couchology. and I believe often mistaken for the true variety a/dida, which is pure opaque white with translucent markings. The rose colour of the lip is not so intense in the Channel Island shells as the Welsh, although shells bearing this tint are less restricted at the former than at the latter place. Across ‘‘ The Burrows” at Tenby there is a dry trench three or four yards wide, running at right angles with the present coast line, probably made when the sea was drained from this part of the land. Wm. Jenkins, the veteran collector of marine creatures at Tenby, told me I should not find many fisaza with a pink lip on the ‘other side” of this trench, (z.e. the farthest side from the town,) and I found: his remark literally correct, only stray shells with this tinge occurring, and in all cases on the scrub near the line of shore sand, the great majority having a pale ochreous lip and rib. At Tenby there is a variety with red-brown markings, which invariably has a yellow lip, although yellow and pink are common alike to sepia and creamy white varieties. I have a few shells exceedingly dark, the hue being given by the coalescence of the bands or markings. H. pisana has a wonderful capability of bearing great solar heat. It crawls up the stem of plants, and fixes itself with its shell naked and exposed to the full rays of a burning sun, and so remains all day, descending at “dewy eve” to enjoy a feast and a ramble. This is a habit peculiar to the more delicately constituted mollusks I for existence, and succeeded in fi: ea REE Gk ee cyan Bh] chart i Which Nave SUrVived the Scrrugeie if - < 74 wis4 9 = oy =e ya eee ab [ten As nS thenpsives, G2 OUT WMOre WOrtnerh Cline » 2. Why is it that tins species is only found close to the sea in Great Britain? It does not seem to have any “likes and dislikes” in the way of food. I have not seen it more than half a mile from the shore, and the finest shells are always nearly, if not quite within reach of the sea spray when a strong wind blows, Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 233 In Spain it “is the common snail of the country,” not being confined to the sea board. The Spanish habitat given to me with some of my shells is aa inland one, and Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys gives “centre of France” as one of its habitats. It varies somewhat in form in different Iccalities. Shel’s which I have from Italy, Malta and North Afvica being flatter spired, with less rounded whorls and sutures less markcd than our own shells. Besides the geographical localities named above I have shells from South France. A small form fiom Cannes given to me by Dr. Robert Battersby, which may be called mnor being worth notice, Its British habitats are those before named. St. Ives and Whit- sand Bay, Cornwall, and Dublin Bay. It occurs in marvellous abundance at Tenby, and is wide spread (southward) reaching to Manorbeer, alihough in Montagu’s time (beginning of this century) it was “confined to a small spot.” It is in great profusion in both the Channel Island habitats the greater number being in Jersey. f7. fisana is said not to occur in France nearer to England than Brittany, but I suspect that it will be found somewhere along the coast line of that country nearer still. May, 1877. REMARKS ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION O° THE MARINE GASTROPODA ON THE SOUTH AND EAST COASTS OB ARICA. By J. S. Gipsons, M.B. The part of the coast of Africa to be considered in this paper extends from the Equator to the Cape of Good Hope and belongs 234 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. to two very distinct regions—the Southern ha'f composing the princizal portion of the Cape Province, and the Tropical half belonging to the Indo-Pacific region, or if that is too extensive an area, to the subregion of East Africa and Madagascar. The principal ports are Zanzibar in S. Lat. 6°28’,, Mozambique some 500 miles to the south, and Inhambane on the Tropic of Capricorn separating the two provinces. The two next ports— Delagoa Bay and Port Natal—are both within 400 miles of the tropics, whilst Algoa Bay, Mossel Bay and Cape Town are situated towards the southern extremity of the Continent. The physical conditions of the two regions are very dissimilar. In the one we have coral reefs, sloping sands and sheltered mud- flats, a smooth sea, warm water and a comparative absence of sea weed. In the other, steep exposed shores and primary rocks clothed with abundance of sea weed, and continually beaten by a stormy sea. Again, another difference is found in the tide, which at Cape Town and Algoa Bay is but trifling, whilst at Mozambique and Zanzibar the rise and fall is some ro or 12 feet. Port Natal in its physical conditions, no less than in its geograph- ical position stands as it were, midway, between the two districts, shewing, however, in the general character of its mollusca a more decided alliance with the Cape than with the tropical East Coast. A most important agent in influencing the distribution of the mollusca is to be found inthe Mozambique current—a large body of water from the Indian Ocean, which strikes the East Coast at Cape Delgado, sweeps past Mozambique, Natal, &c., and finally passes round the Cape of Good Hope. In regard to the mere number of species there is a similarity in the two regions. When on the Coast, I collected about 392 species of Gastropoda ; of these 195 belong to the Cape region, 197 to the Coral seas. Quarterly Journal of Corl oogy. 235 When, however, the species and genera are considered t‘iere is a striking difference. _ Of the entire 197 tropical species I did not find one at Cape Town and at Algoa Bay, but a few examples of one species (WVervta albicella, L.) This can only be explained on the supposition that the physical conditions of the latter places are incompatible with the welfare of tropical species, as otherwi:e the Mozambicue Current woul unloubtedly bring down numerous species. At Natal, where conditions are more favourable, cut of 85 species collected 33 were also fcund in the Indian Ocean. It is interesting to notice that the Cape species proper, do not extend beyond the limits of the Province, less than half a dozen being found at Inhambane, immediately within the tropics. As might be expected the relative preponderance of the carni- vorous and phytophagous gastropoda of the two regions is reversed. Of 214 species of Siphonostomata, 86 are found to the south of the tropics and 128 within the tropics. Of 166 species of Holostomata, 105 are found in the South and 61 within the tropics. At Natal the numbers are about equally balanced, 43 Siphon- ostomata to 42 Holostomata. Certain genera are confined to each province, ¢ ¢. Pleroceros, Terebra, Turbinella, Hipponyx, Umbrella are characteristic of the tropical parts, as are also Awa, Aplysia, &c., whilst Cominella, Halictis, Calyptrea, Crepidula and others are found only in the Cape region. Again, certain genera are distinguished by possessing a greater number of species in one province than in another by being in- dividually more abundant, or by the species being more typical. In South Africa the genus afe//a (including subgenera) furnishes some 30 species ; at Mozambiqu: only two are found, of which one extends down to Natal. 236 Quarterly Jousnal of Conchology. Bullia is represented at Zanzibar by one or two scarce spec’es ; at Natal and Algoa Bay there are 10 or 12 species and individuals are numerous. The genus Cyfra furnishes more than 30 species on the tropical East Coast, and with few exceptions each species is individually numerous. Below Natal the species are few, principally belonging to subgenera, and individuals are rare. S¢vombus with 8 species at Zanzibar 1s represented at Natal by a solitary straggler, (.S. for7dus, Lam.) Typical species of /Vassa prevail along the East Coast ; to the South they are replaced by species belonging to the sub- genera Desmoulea, Cyclonassa, &¢. Fissurella (with the subgenera) contains 15 or more S. African species. I found but one in E. Africa. The Zroch?, 3c in number, cover the rocks at Cape Town and Algoa Bay in vast numbers from high water mark downwards. At Zanzibar a few species are sparingly found, lurking under stones at low water only. Ricinula and Cerithium are well developed genera in the tropics, fairly represented at Natal and all but absent at the Cape. PVanaxis, Oliva, Nerita, Parmophorus and other genera do not extend below Natal. Some genera are pretty evenly divided, having a common meeting ground at Natal and Inhambane, eg., Leftorina, Cassis, &c. In walking overa coral reef at Zanzibar, the shells that strike the eye are Strombus, Cyprea, Turbinella, Ceritthium and Ricinula, whilst between tide marks at Algoa Bay or Cape Town, one notices the great abundance of Patella, Siphonaria, Trochus, Cominella and Bulia. Onsuch a large extent of coast there are necessarily considerable local differences between Zanzibar and Mozambique, ~ however, they are few or none. The molluscan fauna of Inham- bane is peculiar, inasmuch as certain widely distributed tropical species are found there which are absent or scarce higher up the Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 237 coast, ¢.g., Fusus colus, L. occurs in prodigious numbers at Inhambane, whilst at Zanzibar and Mozambique I failed to dis- cover the slightest trace of aspecimen. Murex brevispinosa, Larn. is still more numerous and with the last is burnt for lime, but at the other two ports I met with very few specimens. Several Naticas are confined to Inhambane and Natal. I have already noticed some of the peculiarities of Port Natal ; of 86 species I collected there, I found 33 in the tropics, and less than half that number at Algoa Bay, not more than one or two species being common to Natal and Cape Town. Between Algoa Bay and Mossel Bay there is little or no difference. Between these ports and Cape Town there isa very great difference, more however in the species than in the genera. Cape Point appears to form a barrier, on each side of which the mollusca differ, as do the Algze (Harvey) and Fishes (Pappe.) This is a subject of very great interest, but it is impossible to enter into it thoroughly in a paper of this length. A LIST OF WEST AFRICAN SHELLS, INCLUDING THREE NEW PLEUVROTOMZ AND ONE NEW COLUMBELLA, By F. P. Marrat. The shells here recorded were collected by Captain Davis, of Liverpool, from Madeira to the Gulf of Guinea. 238 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. This list is a continuation of the one published by my friend Mr. Edgar Smith, of the Zoological Department, British Museum, BLS, Lends ps 7276 Other Localities. Venus crenulata, Chem. W. Indies, Reeve. ao) SVEREUCOsa, 25. V. (Callista) striata, Gray. V. (Circomphalus) lamellata, Zam. Cardium costatum, Z. Fast. Africa. C. (Pectunculus) ringens, Chem. C. (Levicardium) pectinatum, Z. Or do. elenense, Sow. St. Elene, Soz. C. (Fulvia) radiatum, Reeve. Dosinia africana, Gray. rgie ye DB torrida, Reeve. 12 Lucina (Cyclas) divaricata, Z. rey ds. do. gibba, Gray. Ty AL. (Codakia) pecten, Za. ; var. reticulata, Polz. OO cons OM SF WwW NH 15 Tellina(Macoma) plebeia, Han/ey. Quite as rosy as any figured. 16 Ungulina alba, Rang. 17 Paphia mitis, Desh. Locality not previously recorded. 18 Mactra (Spisula) sublanceolata, De. Do. 19 Radula (Mantellum) orientalis, dd. G& Reeve ? 20 Spondylus unicolor, Soz. 21 Macha strigillata, Z. 22 Leda bicuspidata, G/d. Locality not stated in Reeve. 23 Axinzea formosa, Aeeve. A small and very beautiful shell. 24 Corbula sulcata, Zam. 25 Actinobolus (=Cardita, Zam.) lacunosus, Reeve 26 Do. do. sp. ? 27 Mytilicardia variegata, Brug. 28 Arca pacifica, Sow., var., with the ribs strongly noduled. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 239 - , Other Localities. 29 Arca (Senilia) senilis, JZ. 30 A. (Scapharca) nux, Sow. W.Indies, # P42, S. America, Sow 3 Pinna rudis, Z. W. Indies. 32 Procellaria sp. ? 33 Avicula atlantica, Zam. Australia, /wkes. 34 Terebra corrugata, Zam. As usual, this shell is imperfect. var., very narrow and quite perfect, about 12 specimens. 35 T. (Hastula) festiva, Desh. 2000 do. cinerea, Lorn, a rAL, do. micans, Ainds. go... do. strigillata, Z., very narrow. aq I. do. gracilis, Gray. 40 T do. cuspidata, 7nd. 4rt T. (Acus) — senegalensis, Zam. 7 ta do. ) duplieata,, 2; 43 T. (Abretia) lepida, A/nds. 44 Pleurotoma (Drillia) rosolina, n.s. P. testa turrita, acuminata, rosea; anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis et transversim striatis, costis obliguts, prope suturas concavis ; apertura brevi, fauce rosea; profunde emarginato. Lximia venustate. ffab. West Africa. Captain Davis. This very beautiful shell resembles P. rosea, Soz., from which it differs in being obliquely ribbed, closely striated and of a uniform rose colour. 45 Pleurotoma (Drillia) excentrica, Sow. Galapagos Islds, 240 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 46 Pleurotoma gracilis, n.s. P. elongato-fustformi, gracilis, cinerea inter nodults fusco-maculata; anfr. plicato-nodulosis, creberrime striatis, spira elongata, canali acuminata ; labro margine acuto, sinu amplo. Hab. West Africa. Captain Davis. This very slender shell is not like any of the forms figured. 47 Pleurotoma (Drillia) filosa, n. s. P. testa acuminato-turrita ; anfr. convexts, carints numerosis prominentibus cinctis, interstitiis angustatibus, strtis longitu- dinalibus obliqguis eleganter sculptis; albida, apice fuscescente tincto ; canali brevissimo ; sinu amplo. Hab. West Africa. A white shell, corded with transverse threadJike bands. The Fi. violacea, Hinds, P/. crispata, Crist. & Jan., and several others are similarly corded and closely allied shells. 48 Pleurotoma (Clavatula) diadema, A’ev. 49 P. do. virginea, Chem. 59 4b. do. imperialis, Zav. Ba ee: do. muricata, Lam. 52 P. (Genota) mitraeformis, Wood. 53 P. (Perrona) spirata, Zam. 54 P. do. mandarina, Syz¢h. 55 do. Perronii, Chem. Quarterly Journal of Cenchology. 241 Other Localities. Latirus filosus, Schub. & Wag. Cymbium proboscidale, Brod. c. porcinum, Zam. Melo neptuni, Gel. Murex tumulosus, Soz. M. M. M, (Phyllonotus) rosarium, Chew. do. angularis, Zam. (Rhinocanthus) cornutus, Z. Bullia (T.eiodomus) turrita, Gray. B; (Dorsanum) icterica, Solander. Nassa zethiopica, AZarrat. Webbei, Fezzz. sesarma, Marr. argentea, AZarr. minor, AZarr. Cyllene lyrata, Zam. Phos candeana D’O7b. The P. antillaviuin and grateloupianus Petit, are only varieties. Purpura (Thalessa) guinensis, /ize.=coronata, Zam. b) fo) > Pseudoliva sepimenta, Rave. 5) co) Pusionella nifat, Adanson, and var. sc2larina. ] d P. ee P. P. Ps P. curvirostris, AZarr. Type in the Free Pub. Mus., Liverpool. buccinata, Zam. aculeiformis, Zaw., and var. white. Australia. subgranulata, Petit. My specimens have three or four grooves below the sutures. milleti, Pedzt. catalina, Petit. The whole of these species, are very like varieties. Oliva (Agaronia) megalostoma, JZewsch=hiatula, Zam. o: (Olivella) leucozonias, Gray. 242 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 84 Mitra (Nebularia) badia, Reeve ? young. 85 M. (Ziba) carinata, Szwazi. 86 Columbella rustica, L. 87 Columbelia (Anachis) cuspidaia, n.s. C. testa elongato-fustformi, utringue attenuata, spira cuspidata ; anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis et transversim sulcatts, costis subgranulatis ; fulva fusco maculata vel pallide einerea, epidermide leucophea ; columella arcuata, labio cum callo circumscripto tecto ; apertura angusta ; labro tntus lirato. Hab. West Africa. Captain Davis. '88 Margi Glabella) Cumingiana, Pedi f 88 Marginella(Glabella) Cumingiana, Peézt | iwolvvof one teat 89 M. do. helmatina Rang. 90 M. doy 7 Petitn,. Dival or M. do. _limbata, Zaz. 92 M. do. _splendens, Sozw. 93 M. do.) Belli, 5Saze, 94 M. do. Tyermani, AZfarr. 95 M. do. faba, Z., var. Digsii, Marr. 96 M. do. Davisiana, AZaz7. 97 Marginella irrorata, Menke. 98 M. nodata, Hinds. 99 M. musica, /Zi7ds. too M. cleryi, Petit. tor M. (Cryptospira) diodochus, Ad. & Reeve. 102 M. (Volutella) cornea, Lam. 103 M. (Persicula) guttata, Zzn. 104 M. persicula, Z. ros M. (Volvarina) quadrifasciata, Marv, 106 M. do. suavis, Sow. ? Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 243 Other Localities, to7 Marginella (Volvarina) capensis, Avauss, var. S. Africa. A smaller and more solid shell than the type. 108 M. do. Dunkeri, Avauss ? tog Dolium melanostoma, Fay. Australia. 110 Cassis spinosa, Desh. Do. 11x C. (Cassidea) testiculus, Z. West Indies. 112 Natica gambix, Reclus. 113 Natica obliquata, n.s. LV. testa subaimpliter umbilicata, oblique globosa, laxe convoluta, spira parva, subimmersa, suiura impressa; anfr. rotuncatis, longitudinaitter dilatatis ; apertura oblongo-ovata ; columella callosa, callositate columnari spirali umbilicum intrante ; alba, epidermide tenut fulva induta operculum testaceum, Hab. West Africa. In form this shell resembles the JV. orientalis, Gmel., but the likeness goes no further. Its small size, thin substance and peculiar form, will serve as distinctive characters. 114 Natica caffra, Afarr. E15 IN. faba, AZarr. 116 N. variabilis, Rec/uz. pEy. (N: genuanus, Leeve. 118 Naticina semipellucida, Afarr. 11g Cantharus (Tritonidea) variegatus, Gray. n20' C, do. rubiginosa, Reeve. Red Sea. Lag i do. small spe. ? 122 Obeliscus dolobratus, Z. 123 Conus (Chelyconus) guiniacus, Hwass, var. aoa CO. (Dendroconus) papilionaceus, Hzwass. 244 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 13 139 140 141 142 143 144 Ouarterly Journal of Coxchology. Other Localities. Cancellaria cancellita, Lav. Oe piscatorum, Chev. Cyprzea lurida, is W. Indies, Mediterranean. Se (Aricia) rattus, Law. c (Luponia) zonata, Chem. Mezalia brevialis, Zaz. Eglesia spiralis, Sz. Coll. Keen. West Indies, Reeve. Turritella undulina, Z., light and dark vars. ae annulata, A7e2v. aN cornea, Zam. A large variety. Mediterranean. T (Zaria) triplicata, Sted. Protoma Knockeri, Baird. 5 or 6 specimens, very rare. Crypta porcellana, Z. Concholepas Strombus fasciatus, Gie/,/—=bubonius, Reeve) with operculum. Clanculus agrestis, Che. Bulla Adansonu, P/27. Philine aperta, Z. Britain, Mediterranean. Cylichna, sp. ? Mitra (Nebularia) rhodia, Reeve. Locality hitherto unrecorded ——Ss Se DESCRIPTION OF A NEW FORM OF GZADIUS, KieEIn=ROSTELLARIA, Lam. By F. P. Marrat. G. Martinii, n.s.* (Plate L) G. testa fusiformi, pallide luteo-spadicea, superne fascia livida obscura prope suturam cingulata, spira turrita ; anfr. rotundatts, * Named after S. TRICE MARTIN, Esq., from whom I obtained it, and who has the second’and only other specimen known, Quarterly Journal of Concholegy. 245 subinflatis, omnibus creberrime transversim punctato-striatis, concinne cancellatis, prope suturas bisulcatis, ultimo tumidiusculo, late expanso ; labro quingue vel sexdentato, extus fusco-maculato, superne calloso brevi caniculato-producto et crispato,; columella arcuata, alba, fauce pa-lide castanea ; canali breviusculo, vix recUurvo. Hab. Cebu, Philippines. This very remarkable shell differs altogether from all those in the same genus with it, as follows ; the upper whorls are not cos- tate, the striz are very closely placed and remarkably fine, the aperture is very elongated, the teeth are set on the outer edge of the lip, the callus does not reach the suture of the body whorl, and the transverse stricze are punctate. These shells, for there are two of them, are all the more inter- esting in consequence of having been dredged from the ground cn which many of the rarest and most curious, as well as the most beautiful, sponges were found. Myalonema cebuensis, T. Higgin; Meyerina claviformis, Gray ; Rossella philippinensts, Gray ; and Labaria hemispherica, Gray ; have all been received by Mr. Martin himself, from this locality, and are in the Free Public Museum of Liverpool. It is also well known as the birth-place of the lovely Leuplectella aspergillum of Owen. Limax gagates at Hastings.—lIn the latter part of July, my valued correspondent, Miss Fairbrass, of Faversham, sent me amongst some other mollusca taken by her at Hastings, a living specimen of a slug that she was not able satisfactorily to identify. This on examination proved to be Lemax gagates of Drap., and adds another locality to those recorded for this local species. Jxo. W. TayLor 246 Quarterly Journal of Conchology., NOTE ON BULIMUS GOODALLI!. By J. E. DANIELS. This spring I received, through the kind offices of the Editor of “The Garden,’ a small parcel of shells, marked ‘“‘ Cucumber Snails.” Some of the examples were of so large a size, that at first, I almost imagined they were Sgeraxis Swifttana, Pfr., also a West Indian animal, but after a careful examination and comparison with examples which had been procured from Messrs. Garraways’ nurseries, Clifton, I have come to the conclusion that they are Bulimus Goodallii, ‘The largest example measures 7-20th inch. whereas none of my other specimens exceeds 4-20th. These also are a clear white in colour, whereas the British specimens are more of a yellowish brown colour. Unfortunately I cannot put my hand upon the paragraph in “ The Garden” in which a notice of this snail first appeared, but the impression left on my mind, was that they devoured the young shoots of the cucumber plants, and further that they were found in a cucumber house belonging to a highly scientific and horticultural loving gentleman, at Wey- bridge, Surrey. Now, if this is the case, they must feed on different substances. Those at the Durdham Downs Nursery, according to Gray’s Turton (p. 6,) the late Mr. Miller was in the habit of feeding on small dead worms, and when he wanted a supply for his friends, “he merely placed a flat board upon the surface of the tan, and left two or three small dead worms beneath it, and never failed of finding it covered in a few days.” They were first discovered by Mr. Miller in 1822, but had, I see, previously been discovered by a Mr. Drummond, to whom, I see, the above remarks belong; but although, at that time, I was a child of only five years of age, or very shortly after, I remember Mr. Miller telling my father and also showing them tome, and at the same time, searching about and finding an example of Testacella, and telling us that both these animals fed upon Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 247 worms, and how useful they were in a garden, and for many years I never killed a slug without carefully examining it, in the hopes of finding a worm-eating slug with a limpet’s shell on its back. Now the question arises whether they are different species, or omnivorous, that is, both carnivorous and vegetarian ? I have a vague idea that some authorities consider the genera Glandina and Spiraxis as carnivorous. —_>—=2> + &<—_ NOTE ON CLAUSILIA BIPLICATA VAR. ALBIDA. By J. E. DANIELS. During my residence at Heidelberg, I found several examples of this variety, and as might be expected from a species so numer- ous and abundant as it is in that district, several other slight variations in colour. One example I still retain in my cabinet of a pale fawn colour, almost transparent, and only half the usual length, owing to its having, from some cause, discontinued form- ing shell; the mouth is otherwise perfect. Any of your readers having time and opportunity, should visit the woods at Neckarau, a village nearer Mannheim than Heidelberg, where they will find the lovely banded forms of Helix fruticum and Helix villosa in great abundance. And as no doubt they are lovers of nature generally, they will be much amused and interested in watching and possibly endea- vouring to catch some of the exquisite green tree-frogs. One drawback, if they are thinskinned, is that musquitoes or huge gnats, or some other abcminations of that kind swarm, and on myself personally produced unpleasant sens: tions. 248 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Clausilia biplicata var. albida.—Just four years since I was staying for a short time at Heidelberg, and on awet day, such as conchologists love, in the Castle grounds, among other treasures I found six or eight specimens of Clausilia biplicata var. albida. In June 1875 I was again there, but found only a single specimen.—| Mrs. ] J. FitzGrRa.p. Helix hortensis monst. sinistrorsa at Bristol.—In a former number of this Journal (No. 6, p. 92) I mentioned finding a reversed Helix hortensis of a plain yellow color in Parry’s Lane, Bristol; also that my sister had found a similar specimen a few months previously at Heynsham. Last evening (August 7th), a very heavy rain having fallen during the day, I started on asnail hunt and was richly.rewarded by taking near Horfield, a very beautifuily banded sinistral Helix hortensts. —[Miss] Fanny M. Het, Bristol. Helix aspersa monst. sinistrorsa at Bristo!.—In November last, whilst searching an hedgebank for Clausilize, a large and almost black, reversed Teli aspersa rolled into my hand. It was a fine specimen, but unfortunately dead. [Miss] FANNY M. HELE, Bristol. Bulimus obscurus v. alba at Bristo!.—Last autumn my sister discovered a locality for this rare shell in Leigh W oods, near Clifton.—[Miss] Fanny M. Hee, Bristol. Cochlicopa lubrica v. hyalina at Llandudno.—In July 1877 I found a single example of this variety under a stone by the roadside at Tan r allt near Llandudno. ‘This I have had the pleasure of placing in the cabinet of my friend Mr, John W, Taylor.—W™. DENIsoN ROrBUCK, Leeds. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 249 LAND SHELLS OF CAPRI. By Mrs. J. FITZGERALD. It may interest some of your readers to have a list of the land shells found at Capri. ‘This tiny island, situated in the most beautiful Bay of Naples, is richly endowed by nature, and is one of the most beautiful spots that I have ever visited. Its scenery defies description, combining bold precipitous cliffs rising abruptly from the sea, smiling vineyards, palm trees and orange- groves, with ruins of. classic times and the remains of castles celebrated in the wars of the first Napoleon. - It has even the remnant of a Persian Temple dedicated to the sun. Over this reigns a charming climate, where no ice or snow is found, where over 800 species of wild flowers are distributed, and 34, at present known species of land shells and one of freshwater have been discovered. Of these the most interesting and distinct is that of Helix elata, only found at Capriand Sicily. It isa very exquisite little pyramidal shell with each whorl separated by a ridge and beautifully striated. And it is always beautiful, even in its earliest form, with a finished look in its infant stage that most species do not possess. My stay in the island was too limited to obtain all the species, but my friend Dr. Cerio has assisted me in forming the list, and he gave me much valuable information as to the localities the species inhabited. 1 Limax maximus, Z. 2. agrestis, 2: 3 L. marginatus, AZi//. 4 Testacllea drymossice. 5 Helix Lefeburiana, Fer. (rare). - 250 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 6 Helix aspersa, AZi#//. (larger than ours). 7 H. vermiculata, J1//. 8 H. aperta, Born. 9 H. circumornata, fer. to H. cartusiana, AZi//. : 11 H. pyramidata, Drag. (very beautiful and rare). 12 H. turbinata, Jaz. 13 H. lenticula, Fer. 14 H. striata, Drap. 15 H. sorrentina, A. Schmrdt. 16 H, variabilis, Drag. 17 Ii. elata, Haure-Biguet, (peculiar to Capri and Sicily). 18 H. amta. 19 H. rupestris, Drap. 20 H. candidissima, Drap., (rare). 21 H. cinctella,, Drap., (rare). 22 Hyalina Draparnaldi, Beck. 23 Bulimus decollata, Z. 24 Bulimus quadridens, AZii//. 25 Bulimus acutus, AZ7//. 26 Pupa avena, .Drap. 27 Pupa granum, Drap. 28 Pupa Philippi, Cantr. 29 Cionella acicula, AZ#//. 30 Cionella folliculus, Gronov. 31 Cyclostoma elegans, AZi//. 32 Clausilia cinerea, Phil. 33 Clausilia paestana, P27. (rare). 34 Clausilia papillaris, 47777. 35 Bythinia similis, Drag. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 251 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF LAND SHELLS FROM THE. HAST .COAST OF ARICA: By JoHN W. Tay Lor. Mr. J. S. Gibbons, M.B., of Southampton, who for some time resided on the Eastern coast of Africa, and availed himself of the opportunities he possessed to make a collection of the shells of that region, has placed in my hands for description and publica- tion such of the species as appear to me to be new. Mr. Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S., has, with his customary courtesy looked over the shells, and was unable to refer them to any species in the British Museum collections. The tropical Eastern coast of Africa and adjoining islands, form, according to Woodward, one province. The mainland, though possessing all the requisites for a numerous molluscan fauna, is singularly destitute of species, and appears to have less variety than any other part of the world as favourably situate. Twenty-eight species of land shells have been recorded from this region to the present time. ‘Thanks, however, to the re- searches of Mr. Gibbons this number has been considerably increased, and several genera not hitherto accredited to Eastern Africa have been discovered to exist there. With the exception of the Achatina, the land shells are insig- nificant in size and coloring, the species also being usually confined to small areas and seldom plentiful. About Zanzibar, Achatine is the only shell generally diffused, Bulimi, Pupe, &c., being restricted to small areas on the coast and to the coral islets. In the preparation of the remarks and descriptions in this notice, I have availed myself largely of the very excellent and accurate descriptive notes prepared by Mr. Gibbons. 252 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Gonaxis, Zuylor. SHELL pupiform, unsymmetrical, axzs of the apical whorls diverted to the right, lower aspect of penultimate whorl of a somewhat triangular shape, forming a prominent hump on the left side. The most important character of this genus is the deflection of the upper or apical whorls, whereas in Sfrepfaxis it is the last whorl only that is diverted from the perpendicular. This peculiarity appears to me to be of sufficient importance to warrant the erection of this genus. There has been some little uncertainty as to the systematic posi- tion of Streptaxis, Messrs. Adams placing it in the subfamily ffelicine, while Prof. von Martens in his edition of ‘ Albers’ Heliceen,” places it next Pupa and quite remote from He/zx. Gonaxis Gibbonsi, n.s. (Plate II, fig. 1). ANIMAL small; dody of a light dull yellowish: all four ¢eztacles and /ead of a dull brick red colour. SHELL elongate, cylindrical, thin and shining, semitransparent, slightly opalescent, smooth, but with a few slight irregular wrinkles in the line of growth: epidermis very thin: whorls 5%, unsymmetrical, the body whorl very oblique, narrow in front, very broad and flattened behind aperture: penultimate whorl very broad and oblique, forming a large hump on the left side of the shell; remaining whorls small and compressed; the nucleus is rounded and placed on the right side of the shell, suture deep, very oblique, crossed by numerous short promi- nent plicee; mouth oblong, longer than broad, rounded in front, squarish behind: /zfs almost parallel, slightly curved, thickened and a little everted, forming a smooth rounded rim, connected by a slight callus: w#bz/icus small, shallow, partly concealed by the inner lip. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 253 Length 0.275, breadth 0.175. Hab. Zanzibar. Mr. Gibbons found but three specimens of this interesting species, all in one spot amongst dead leaves, of which only one was living. Mr. Sheppard, of H. M.S. London, found specimens of this species at the roots of Banama trees. I have very great pleasure in associating with this interesting species the name of its discoverer. Its nearest ally is Strepiaxts Airkiz, Dohrn, from Lake Nyassa, from which it is, however, quite distinct. Zonites (?) ventrosa, Gvddons, MS. (Plate II. fig. 2). SHELL depressed, rounded, thin and glossy, of a deep ‘rich brown colour, with faint transverse striule, strongly marked at the suture ; whorls four, slightly convex, inflected above, the last occupying half the shell : perzphery rounded : dase very convex : spire depressed: afex obtuse, rounded: suture broad and very deep: mouth lunate, nearly as long as broad: the feristome semicircular, thin and direct except near the umbilicus where it is reflected: wmbilicus deep and very broad disclosing the interior of the spire. Length 0.175, breadth o.1. fab. Zanzibar. Mr. Gibbons found but a single specimen of this Zonites, dead, amongst dead leaves. Mr. Sheppard has, however, taken living specimens at the roots of banama trees. Buliminus olivaceus, Gzédons, MS. (Plate II., fig. 5). ANIMAL white, or yellowish white, opaque. SHELL, oblong-conical, thin, glossy, semitransparent, of a darkish horn colour, distinctly and regularly striate transversely : epzder~ mis rather thin, distinct: whords eight, rounded, the last large 254 Quarterly Journal of Conehology. forming more than % length of the shell: sfzrve tapering: apex obtuse: suture deep: mouth elliptical, somewhat pointed below: feristome thin, direct: outer (ip slightly curved: zuner lip reflected and partially covering the umbilicus: wbilicus tubular and deep. Length 0.762, breadth 0.312 in. ffab. Bawri Island, Zanzibar, Channel. Occurs amongst dead leaves, in old marine shells and under bushes, but rarely alive. Mr. Gibbons has not found it at Zanzibar nor on any of the other coral islands. It appears to be confined to Bawri. The epiphragm secreted for hybernation is calcareous, white, very strong and solid, bears no slit in the middle like that of Achatina, is convex and level with the peristome. Buliminus tumidus, Gibsons, M.S. (Plate II, fig. 4). SHELL conically-turrite of a brown, colour, transversely striate in the line of growth: s¢ré¢ slight and irregular: ef¢dermis distinct: whorls seven, very convex, compressed: Jody whorl large and tumid, occupying less than half the length of the shell: sfzre tapering : apex rather acute: swfure deep and distinct: mouth ovate, rather broad: feristome thin and direct: zuner lip re- flected partly concealing the umbilicus: wmdilicus large and very deep. Length 0.5, breath 0.3. Hab. Zanzibar and on Chapani I. Occurrs sparingly about Zanzibar, but dead only. Mr. G. also found specimens on one of the coral islets (Chapani Island) with Bulimus punctatus, Anton, Helix Mozambicensis, Pfr., &c., but it did not occur on Bawri Island. It is distinguished from the preceding species by the greater convexity and compactness of its whorls, and by its smaller and rounder body-whorl. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 255 Buliminus obesa, Giddons, MS. (Plate II, fig. 3). SHELL ovato-oblong, thick and solid: colour ?: surface smooth but with indications of irregular transverse strize : epzdermis ? whorls 6%4—17, swollen, rounded : body whorl large, contracting towards the front; penultimate nearly equally large, broader, rather unsymmetrical, the two preceding whorls are much smaller: a@fex abruptly rounded: swfure moderate, distinct, shallow ; south squarely ovate, with a thickened everted peris- tome joined by a callus: outer “ip nearly straight: zuner lipa little oblique: wsdz/7cus deep and distinct, rather narrow. Length 0.825, breadth 0.45. Hab. Bawri Island, Zanzibar. Mr. Gibbons only obtained two specimens of this fine species dead and very aged. ——>>—~< + @~< — BIBLIOGRAPHY. THES “VALOROUS’ EXPEDITION. On some new and remarkable North Atlantic Brachiopoda.—New and _ peculiar Mollusca of the Pecten, Mytilus, and Arca Families.—New and pecu- liar Mollusca of the Kellia, Lucina, Cyprina and Cor- bula Families—New ‘and peculiar Mollusca of the Order Solenoconchia.—New and peculiar Mollusca of the Patellidee and other Families of Gastropoda.— New and peculiar Mollusca of the Eulimidee and other Families of Gastropoda, as well as of the Ptero- poda, by J. Gwyn Jeffreys, LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G,S., &c., &c. In this series of deeply interesting and valuable papers are em- bodied the results of the deep sea dredgings, instituted under the 256 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. direction of Dr. Jeffreys during the cruise of the “ Valorous.” As the result of these dredgings, 46 species, new to science, were dis- covered and are here described by Dr. Jeffreys. In addition to the three genera previously noted at p. 224, a genus is established for the reception of a species of Afytilide, viz. : Idas, Feffreys. Resembles Arca in shape, the hinge plate crenated on both sides the beak, cartilage none. The revolution in our ideas caused by the prolific results of the ecent examinations of the deep sea, in which Dr. Jeffreys has taken so prominent and honorable a part, has shown that the greatest depths teem with a numerous fauna, and that the abysses of the ocean retain in a living state many species of mollusca hitherto supposed to be extinct and previously known only by their fossil remains. A very full and carefully compiled synonymy is given of the spe- cies enumerated, and the different depths and localities at which the various species have been obtained in the present as well as former expeditions are all furnished. The whole series contain a wealth of information on the deep sea mollusca, and is one of the most important contributions to science that has appeared for some time. The following isa list of the new species, omitting those pre- viously mentioned at p. 22 Seguenzia formosa, Seguenzia carinata, Cerithium procerum, Lima- cina helicoides, Terebratula tenera, Amussium lucidum, Lima subovata, Idas argenteus, Leda pustulosa, L. lata, L. sericea, Limopsis tenella, L. cristata, Diplodonta Torelli, Poromya rotun- data, Pecchiolia gibbosa, P. tornata, Nezra striata, N. exigua, N. notabilis, N. circinata, N. papyria, N. angularis, Dentalium capillosum, D. ensiculus, D. subterfissum, Cadulus tumidosus, C. gracilis, C. cylindratus, Puncturella profundi, Scissurella tenuis, Cyclostrema basistriatum, Acirsa preelonga. Bi. I. J. Chard, del. GLAbDIUS MARTINI. aa ai eet sh dik . 7o. 08 hy PL IL 1 GonAxis GIBBONS!. 2 ZONITES() VENTROSA. 3 BULIMINUS OBESA. ’ 4B, Tumipus, 5 B. OLIVACEUS. Hei nan Me ‘vl unis nity, ud is pe \ f mi 1, le Ms Texan Insects, Phyllopod Crustacea, and Land and Fresh~water Shells for sale by S. W. BELFRAGE, Clifton, Bosque County, TEAAS, « USA, SHELLS OF CALIFORNIA. TAYLOR BROS., Sr. ANN’s StrReET, LEEDS, have received from Mr. HEMPHILL, of California, (for the convenience of his European customers) a collection of the Shells of that region to sell on his account. he THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST. each. : Bua : s. d. Helix arrosa, Govld, California Enis Bs ‘5 var , California... i323 », Dupetithouarsi... 0 9 », fidelis, Gray... Io », Cooperi... ° 9 ,, Columbiana ; See Ge rf HY var. unidentata 1 O », Townsendiana Re « ° 9 fa ie var. tenuis i 3 », Newberryana HE ie UG », Joricata, Gould, California ... o.6 ». polygyrella, Bland, Idaho gts 5, devia, var,, Idaho : ater aa ,, Durantii, Mewe. California ° 9 », germana, Gould, Oregon 0 9 ,, Harfordiana, Coofer, Idaho o 9 SUCCINEA. Sillimanni, AZamd, California OG Oregonensis, Zea ... o 6 PuPA. Arizonensis, Gabb., Nevada ° 4 PUPILLA. Californica, Rozwel/, California ... Og Rowelli, Mezwcomd, California... (cae Limax Hewstoni, Cooger, California : 0 3 Prophysaon Hemphilli, Azaz.zy, California oie Ariolimax niger, Cooper, California o. 3 ANODONTA. angulata, Zea, California 0 6 Oregonensis, Zea, California °o 6 Wahlamatensis, Zez, California 9 Pistp1uM occidentale, /Vezwce., California... ue ae hen compressum, Prime, Nevada... ...6 5 Bk 53 SPHA‘RIUM. dentatum, /ald., Oregon ... res ie at ete eons Spokanii, Baird, Idaho ... aE ae aval ig nae Ser Alexia setifer, Cooper, California .. Mt ap Carinifex Newberryi, Zea, California... ie Flumnicola Nuttalli, Zez, Oregon Gonropasis Bairdiana, Zea, Oregon... Draytoni, Zea, California plicifera, Lea, Oregon rudens, Lea, Oregon ... nigrina, Zea, California LIMNOPHYSA Rowelli, Z7jyor, California Nuttalliana, Zea, California Traskii, Z7yon, California meh at ae bulimoides, Lea, California en vie a es desidiosa, Say, Oregon... So a aa oe Binneyi, Zryor, Idaho ... > PHYSA, diaphana, Tryon, California ... Gabbii, 77yo, Oregon Carltoni, Lea, California hypnorum, Z. Utah Traskii, Z7yon, Oregon Hawnii, Fan Nevada aS oe costata, JVewe, California re SEA aaa, Cooperi, Tryon, California & ie ie Shs distinguendo, Zxyor, California ae ahs ahs a virgata, Gould, Lower California.. propingua, 77yort, California.. VALVATA virens, 77-yo71, California . Planorbis parvus, Say, Oregon 5 opercularis, Gould, California | corpulentis, Say, Oregon ammon, Gould, California . a Pomatiopsis intermedia, Tryon, Nevada... Pompholyx solida, Da//, Nevada Tryonia protea, Gould, Arizona Bythinella nuclea, Zea, California The following are from the Eastern States :— HELIX, thyroides, Say. bucculenta, G/d. albolabris, Say. profunda, Say. Roemeri, 2/7” multilineata, Say, Pennsylvanica, Gveei.... clausa, Say. gin ae a Mitchelliana, Lea 8: oe a hirsuta, Say. monodon, Lackelt. infiecta, Say. Ba fallax, Say. Ree es tridentata, Say. palliata, Say. _appressa, Say. All communications i be nade esp a TA AYLOR 2 Bhoe., St. Ann’s Street, Leeds, oo000o0omao0°o (ome) oo00o0000 99 > eoo00000000 00000000000 e0000C0COg000OOoOR0O0O 00 DIANDADRD ODRAAARIWAOAP WW WWWWMODAWWAH AL ADALWH AW WOOPRRWOW ROR OWWSL A THE AMERICAN NATURALIST A Popuiar Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Natural History and Travel. Contains Departments of Botany, Zoology, Geology, Anthropology, Paleontology, Geography and Exploration, and Microscopy, and gives each month the proceedings of Scientific Societies, a digest of the Contents of Foreign Scientific Journals, and the latest Home and Foreign Scientific News. HYSHE leading article in the August number of THz AMERICAN NATURALIST is an +, exceedingly pungent address on Catastrophism and Evolution, by Clarence King, who treats the subject with animation and force, Both evolutionists and their oppo- nents will read the article with interest. Samuel Calvin follows with a paper on Changes of Habit among Woodpeckers, and R. E. C. Stearns makes some comment on a previous paper by I’. A. Barber on Aboriginal Shell Ornaments. A fish which bears the droll name of the Long-Jawed Goby is scientifically hashed by W. N, Lockington, and from Andrew Murray’s work on Economic Entomology is given some curious facts respecting The Museum Mite. The same work is reviewed in Recent Literature, which also contains a notice of Baird’s Annual Record. There are very full notes, especially in the departments of Botany and Zoology, and an unusual amount of Scientific News. The number is one of great variety. PRICE 18/— per annum. (By Subscription.) TRUBNER & CO., eae BY, BRITISH LAND & FRESHWATER SHELLS, Comprising all the SPECIES and VARiETIES known ito occur in the BRITISH ISLES. PRICE 1. HACH or G4. PER DOZEN POST FREE. Tavtor Bros., Printers, St. Ann’s Street, Leeds. £0; CONCHOLO Gist s- MRA ROW Ci Be IV. ON See Begs to call attention to his extensive Stock of Nearing, Han aril Freshwater Shells, The latest arrivals are VOLUTES, including the Voluta Cymbi- ola, V. Thatcheri, V. fusiformis, V. Sophize, V. fulgetrum, V. Rossiniana, etc., etc.; Bulimi from Ecuador. The general Stock of Shells contains many hundred Genera and upwards of 80,000 specimens from which selections may be made. Box sent on approval to all parts of the ¥Yorld Man spricht Deutsch. On parle francais. CONCHOLOGIST AND MINERALOGIST, SO Gh AT “USS BEE Sol Ri Bele BLOOMSBURY, LONDON, W.C. Re FRIEDLANDER ‘&: SOHN; Booksellers, BERLIN, N.W., Carlstrasse, 11, Beg to reccommend their Stock (the largest in the World) of Books on NATURAL HISTORY and SCIENCE, containing the richest collection of works on Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, ~aleeon- tology, Mathematics, Scientific Serials and Transictions of learned Scientific Societies as well as Monographs and Scientific “Pamphlets, including the rarest ones. Special Catalogues for every department of Science issued con- tinually and forwarded gratis. Just out: Catalogue No. 258: Conchology, the richest selection of Works and Monographs on recent and fossi! Mollusca including the works of Adams, Binney, Blainville, Chenu, Costa, Davidson, Delle Chiaje, Deshayes, Gould, Fay, Hornes, Kiister, Lea, Lamarck, Pfeiffer, Philippt, Poli, Rossmassler, Reeve, etc., etc. 3 9088 01421 9 sands: all Hy