OWARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. VOL 1874-78. Londron: DAVID BOGUE, 3, ST. MARTIN’s LANE, TRAFALGAR SQUARE, W.C. BEDS vASYaW OR iB ROIS2. Sa ANN Sterne: il. INDEX TO VOL. I. ORIGINAL ARTICLES. Abnormal form of Cylindrella Raveni—J. S. Gibbons, M.B. 340 Alliance of the genera Ennea and Streptaxis—J. S. Gibbons, M.B. 336 Annotated catalogue of Polynesian Cones—A. Garrett 353 Analogous African and West Indian Marginellee—F. P. Marrat 179 Ancylus fluviatilis var. gibbosa near Leeds—W. Nelson 186 ey. a a in Yorkshire—H. Crowther ... 215 Argiope cistellula at Weymouth —R. Damon 217 Bulimus obscurus var. alba, at Bristol—(Miss) F. M. Tele 248 Bullia rhodostoma—J. S. Gibbons, M. B. 368 Burrowing and perforating molluscs—W. D. Sutton Be 49 Catalogue of the land and freshwater mollusca of Nevhumbenena and Durham—W. D. Sutton 22 Clausilia biplicata var. Nelsoni—J. W. festa: 216 5 55 albida—-J. W. Taylor 216 7 Pe ae (Mrs.) J. Fitzgerald 248 Cfausilia rugosa var. albida and Pupa umbilicata var. alba at Barely { Bridge—Lister Peace 0c : - er 36 Clausilia rugosa, var. Schlechtii, a variety new to Britain—W. D. Sutton 35 Cochlicopa tridens var. crystallina near Leeds—J. W. Taylor 29 aA aA Ae at Petersfield—C. Ashford 29 a lubrica var. ovata at Wakefield—J. Hebden 97 5 pa hyalina, at Llandudno—W. D. Roebuck 248 Colonising land shells—J. S. Gibbons, M.B. : Ba eet) Conchological difficulties ; or Species versus Varieties ord Simpcod 93 Description of a new species of Conus—E. A. Smith, F.Z.S. 107 bp 9 5p 5 40 ste ion OP An some new species of land and freshwater Gere a remarks on other species found in Japan—E. A. Smith, F.Z.S. 118 Description of five new species of F. .P. Marrat +, 130 50 new species of E. African he shells—J. W. Taylor 251, 280 50 a new species of Planorbis—W. Nelson 379 - two new Gastropods—W. Doherty 341 An a new species of Pupa—C. R. Judge 343 55 new species-—F. P. Marrat 204 lll. PAGE. Description of a new form of Gladius—F. P. Marrat aes Sea: i new species of Achatina—E. A. Smith win ho JB Distribution of Crepidula aculeata—J. S. Gibbons, M.B. ie EA TO Genus Eatonia ae ale se aes 97 Geographical distribution of the marine pactenod on the South aa East coasts of Africa—J. S. Gibbons, M.B. oa zeae Habits and habitat of Helix revelata—R. Rimmer $5 ezOO Helix aspersa monst. sinistrorsa, at Bristol—(Miss) F. M. Hele Sah 2A: », cantiana—J. S. Gibbons, M.B. oh e a ra 309 », Dehnei—J. W. Taylor te re ae abs) 21, », hispida var. albida—J. W. Taylor ... es ae sno ANS) », hortensis monst. sinistrorsa, at Bristol—(Miss) F. M. Hele 5c6 | eis) >, lamellata—R. Rimmer seh ie Sen AOS », lamellata at Huddersfield—J. Whitwham ase ae Wee 2O », obvoluta—Theo Godlee a uae ae sa5 |) (0Y7/ 5, Pisana—R. ae Mee re Sct we coo. PLAS) », Pisana—G. S. Tye wee dt sas 230—333 », Yrotundata var, alba at Conisbro’ Gas een, Taylor seed BIL », virgata monst. sinistrorsa in Yorkshire—L, Peace oer hoo yf Land shells of Capri—(Mrs.) J. Fitzgerald et sae e249 a the Isles of Scilly—W. H. Hatcher a san US%s) Leeds Conchological Club ne fo nee ee soo KS Limax gagates at Hastings—J. W. Taylors aoe : son NAS Limneea peregra var. albida near Askern, Yorks.—Lister Peace see ize List of shells taken at Tenby, Pembrokeshire, at the end of September 1872,—G. S. Tye act é ce ie EO List of land and freshwater shells of Seen Oxon—D. Pidgeon a 54 », the mollusca of the Birmingham District—G. S. Tye 57—68 ,, marine shells of [astings—A. W. Langdon 26 89 », land and freshwater shells collected in the deattondiood of Wakefield—J. Hebden : 3 », the shells taken at Guernsey, Sane and eta H. Cecile and H. M. Gwatkin; M.A. oe fA : ae ,, land and freshwater shells found in the eee eee of Ackworth, Yorkshire—C. Ashford ie : is 19 ,, land and freshwater shells collected at Erith, ene Leslie sh de eA a ie wane eS the land and Baroni shells of Trinidad, showing the distribution—R. J. Lechmere Guppy, F.L.S., F.G.S., C.M.Z.S. 109 PAGE. List of shells from Heidelberg-—J. E. Daniel & Ill ,», land shells collected on Fitzroy Island, with notes on their geographical range—John Brazier, C.M.Z.S., &c. 268 », West African shells—F. P. Marratt 381 », Shells of Iowa—(Prof.) F. M. Witter 382 », West African marine shells—F. P. Marratt 237 Local shells near Wakefield-—-George Taylor 92 Mollusca of Cooper’s Hill—Edward Simpson 65 Mollusca of Santa Kosa Island, California, U.S.—L. G. Woes 182 Molluscan threads—G. S. Tye 401 Note on the habitat of Neritina tristis—C. P. Clone ay A Helix pulchella—H. Hemphill 128 ie Limnzea stagnalis—W. Nelson 216 », Bulimus Goodallii—J. E. Daniels ; 246 5 Clausilia biplicata var. albida—J. E. Daniels 247 », Cylindrella Raveni—J. T. Marshall _ 380 " the shells of Guernsey-—J. T. Marshall 380 », Geographical distribution of terrestrial mollusca—W. B Petterd 394 Notes on the genus Cylindrella—C. P. Gloyne 51 a genus Bourciera—T. Bland 128 7 C. P. Gloyne ET, 27) Notes on the occurrence of rare and local shells in unrecorded focalities —W. G. Blatch 129 Notes on the identity of various European Heide C. Ee ee 33 Occurrence of Zonites glaber at Folkestone—(Mrs.) J. Fitzgerald 29 35 Limnza glutinosa, near Sandwich—(Mrs.) J. Fitzgerald 51 5 Gadinia reticulata in South Eastern Polynesia-—A. Garrett 335 5s Crepidula aculeata in the Marquesas Islands—A. Garrett 335 On Varieties of Paludina vivipara and Planorbis glaber—R. M. Lloyd 6 On the occurrence of Cochlicopa tridens var. crystallina, in the neighbourhood of Birmingham—G. S. Tye ie ee 7 On the difficulties of recognising ‘‘named varieties’ according to the accepted authorities—T. Rogers 17 On South Australian marine shells—G. F. Neca! Fr Ss, ve. M.Z. S, 178 On the habits of Helix fusca—C. Ashford : 180 On certain species of Littorina—J. S. Gibbons, M. B. 339 Pholas crispata, L., boring in metamorphic rocks—J. S. Gibbons, MA B. 369 Remarks on the South Australian Helices, with a notice of all species known to present date—G. F. Angas, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S. 134 Flate 1V. Vol. TJ. EE IE 2. CIONELLA MORSEANA Donerty, 1, SOMATOGYRUS TROTHIS Douerty 3. PLANORBIS GIBBONS! Netson. Remarks on the geographical distribution of the terrestrial mollusca —C. P. Gloyne nt Remarks on a dentate variety of conalte Hiroe Dee W. Dene Reversed form of Helix hortensis at Bristol—(Miss) F. M. Hele Review of the genus Tulotoma, with remarks on the geographical dis- tribution of the North American Viviparidze—(Prof.) A. G. Wetherby Shells of Ceylon—A. W. Tension “ es : Simultaneous occurrence of five sinistral examples of Helix aspersa— J- E. Daniel sae Species versus Varieties—J. T. Marshall 3 46 ee Ge laye af is 9, -—C. P. Gloyne : Succinea oblonga, Drap. near Cork—C. P. Glophe. Synonymy of Planorbis glaber—W. Nelson Fe Suggestions for finding the smaller land shells—H. ee Mel bp Sis Shell collecting in Curacao—J. S, Gibbons, M.B. Ten days’ dredging at Oban—(Rev.) A. M. Norman, M.A. Variety caused by locality—J. B. Bridgman : ; White variety of Limnzea palustris near Leeds—J. W. Taylor A aa 3 at Southport—FE. Collier Zonites glaber Studer, near Leeds —H. Crowther 2” ” Be) —W. Nelson Be excavatus var. vitrina Fer, near Huddersfield—J. Whitwham.. na glaber near Huddersfield—L. Peace REPRINTS. A partial comparison of the Conchology of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America—R. E. C. Stearns Critical examination of certain species of the American continent and the West Indies, described as belonging to Helicina in Lovell Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica—T. Bland Description of new species of shells—G. B. Sowerby, junr. Introduction of Pl Salpa spinosa of the West coast of Ireland—A. G. More The Pectens, or Scallop-Shells—R,. E. C. Stearns The Mollusca of Europe compared with those of Eastern North eer —J. G. Jeffreys, F.R.S. PAGE. 207 31 105 v1. PAGE. NEW SPECIES DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME. Actinobolus Africanus—Marrat Nae bie one ne) QE Achatina albopicta—Smith 346 », bisculpta A 349 Pdimidiatay | 5. 348 a simplex a6 347 ., Transvaalensis—Smith 351 ,, zebroides of 347 Suliminus cinereus-—Taylor 281 AE costatus no 280 an Gibbonsi An 280 a obesus Ss 255 33 olivaceus AN 253 Pe tumidus AA 254 Cionella Morseana, Doherty 342 Clausilia bilabrata—Smith 120 5 kobensis—Smith 122 Columbella cuspidata—Marrat 242 Conus cuneiformis—Smith 202 », Traversianus—Smith 107 Crassatella Africana—Marrat 382 Drillia rosolina—Marrat 239 », filosa—Marrat 240 Gonaxis Gibbonsi—Taylor 252 Gladius Martinii—Marrat 244 Helix Goodwinii —Smith 119 Limnza Goodwinii—Smith 125 Melania Niponica—Smith 123 Marginella callosa—Marrat sb 137 oy (Glabella) Davisiana, Marrat 205 53 (Gibberula) nana, Marrat 205 “a (Gibberula) lucida, Marrat 205 90 perla, Marrat 136 a preecallosa (Higgins) Marrat 136 *, Tyermani, Marrat 136 as Warrenii, Marrat 137 Nassa interstincta—Marrat Vil. , PAGE. Nassa obliquata—Marrat sae Es es se pa 248 », omithii A a Sere ge ae en ZO4! Natica caffra 93 she eas aes oe so, BOM ;, (Mamma) faba,—Marrat no ae ep eZOS Opeas delicata—Taylor Ss ane jes Bs Joppa Paludina vivipara var. atro-purpura—Lloyd ag o3 oe 6 Planorbis glaber var. compressa—Lloyd iss tee faa Uf oH Gibbonsi—Nelson Sad ae sis Bee 79 Pleurotoma gracilis --Mqa-rat eh Sis Ss he oA bit, “240: Pupa Cincinnatiensis—Judge ef nee Bie 300 se 343 Pusionella recurvirostris—Marrat wl ae Xe ALSO: Somatogyrus trothis—Doherty ... sa 38 a eos SO 4l Subulina intermedia—Taylor he see ahs re Lo ae Zonites ventrosus— Taylor set Bee eo is sc jn) 1253 CIst OF AULAORS WHOPTAVE CONTRIBUTED TO: THIS VOLUME, |= Angas, G. F., F.L.S. Ae Bar une ee 134, 178 Ashford, C. ae ee a Pee LOE ZO SO Bland, T. sis Sab ste ae 105, 128 Blatch, W. G. ak fee Bes ae 129 Brazier, J, CMEZ.S- a7 ae te see 268 Bridgman, J. B. ee sae Bue os 70 Cooke As H- ok wit 33 a 321 Collier, E. nee Soe a 6p 139 Crowther, H. sas aa ade as 215 Damon, R. ane ace Sfp Oa 217 Daniel, J. E. ce SoC 555 KO HIG Ue BO, Bul, Doherty, W. ais wes as ase 341, 344 Fitzgerald, (Mrs.) J. fe ee oe 29, 51, 248, 249 Garrett, A. =a ae Pci fc 335, 353 Gibbons, J.S., M.B. <5 233; 330), 339, 340; 367, 308; 360) 370; aire Godlee, T. sae . se 67, 70 Gloyne, C, P. Au eae eyo Bln CW USB L9G, Bei, Sov Guppy, R. J. L., F.L.S. ... aes ae ack 109 Gwatkiny Ee Mies MOAS o.. Wa 8 ae 321 Hatcher, W. H. Hebden, J. Hele (Miss) F. M. Hemphill, H. Jeffreys, J. G., LL.D., PRS. &e, Judge, C. R. Langdon, A. W. Waver, Hi, F..s- Leslie, H. Lloyd, R.M. Marrat, F. P. Marshall, J. T. More, A. G. Nelson, W. Norman Rey. A. M., Mea Peace, L. Petterd, W. F. Pidgeon, D. Rimmer, R. Roebuck, W. D. Rogers, T. Sowerby, G. B. jurr. Simpson, E. Smith, E.-A., F-.Z.S. Stearns, R. E. C. Sutton, W. D. Taylor, J. W. Taylor, G. le, (Ca Ss Wetherby Prof. A. G. Witter Prof. F. M. Whitwham, J. Wates, LG. q X Vill. PAGE. 138 3h Sf 92, 248 128 5 8 “ 343 71, 89 264 39 Be 6 6 136, 179, 204, 237, 244, 381 131, 380 58 43 21, 181, 186; 5216, 376 275 36, 174 394 54 206, 265, 266 248 17k 78 65, 93 107, 118, 202, 346 31, 43 22, 35, 49 29, 97; 785, 216, 217, 245, 2 280 se ee ee! I, 92 » 7, 39, 57; 68, 171, 230, 333, 401 207 382 29 182 6F0 THE OORT ER Y's OUR NAL OF CONCHOLOGY. eee INTRODUCTION. WE are glad to find that the study of the science of Conchology is becoming much more general. Weare glad because we think it possesses advantages which many other sciences only possess in a smaller degree. Its objects lie around us on every hand, on mossy banks, in glassy pools, in rustling woods, in the deep sea, and on its shore. Its spoils too, are of very varied beauty of form and colour—the houses of the Mollusca—how many, very many of our fellow-men cannot boast of houses so comfortable, so convenient, so exceeding beautiful. These spoils need no elaborate preparation on the part of the collector, nor jealous care for their preservation, a plain wood cabinet, or boxes, a small round fishing net, some chip or tin pill boxes, are all that is required. It must not be thought that the field of study is a restricted one, for besides a knowledge of the Molluscs themselves, a practical knowledge of Botany is desirable, in order to recognize on what plants they feed, and also that by recognizing the food-plant we may be on the alert to find the animal. Then an acquaintance with Geology will show upon what soils and rocks certain species are most surely found, and it will allow of an intelligent comparison with all the myriad fossil forms ; for it must be remembered that by far the largest proportion of fossil remains are molluscous. A com- petent knowledge of Microscopy will amply repay some amount of patience, of time, and some little cost by proving an ‘‘open sesame” to many hidden wonders. Nor should we consider the study of these lowly creatures as likely to lead to no direct useful result ; for it is by the study of the lower forms of life, that we hope perhaps ultimately to discover, what is life. zz 2 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. In introducing the Quarterly Journal of Conchology to the public, we have been desirous of satisfying a long-felt want of students of the science. Our chief objects are two—first, to en- courage and stimulate original research by freely opening our pages to all who take an interest in the science, however humble they may be, and more especially to all careful and accurate observers. Second, to bring the works of the great masters of the science within the reach of all collectors, by reprinting from time to time in our pages their more important papers which appear in the high priced publications. In addition to these two chief objects, we shall endeavour to point out the great importance of, and to promote the study of the geographical distribution of species. By a systematic inquiry into this subject, in which but little has been done, we believe many in- teresting phenomena will be discovered, bearing on the habits, food, and perhaps the origin of varieties. We must strongly urge the formation of local lists in every district. We shall always be glad to make them public. We may shortly be able to propose a scheme which will give a more organized character to this important work. We hope that our pages may also afford a means for com- paring results on the part of students, for encouraging the undertaking of combined and definite work, and also afford a means of general communication. Thus far as regards present students, but is it too much to hope that we may be the means of inducing others to take up the study? We cannot, it is true, offer any ‘‘fierce exciting joys” in its pursuit, but to those who wish a change from the bustle and haste of life, and from the feverish excitement of political and social strife, we can promise quiet, refreshing enjoyment—country rambles in the summer time—long nights in winter, arranging, studying, tabulating, and recording results, and comparing them with those of other collectors. In accepting this escape from the turmoil of ordinary life, we need not fear we shall lose our interest a in our fellow men, in their well-being and progress, but we hope shall each be able to say— ‘“T love not man the less, but nature more From these our interviews in which I steal From all I was, or am, or may be, and mingle with the universe and feel What I can ne’er express, yet cannot all conceal.” Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 2 Aisi Or cAND>sAND WHRESHWATER “SHELES COLLECTED IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF WAKEFIELD. By JOSEPH HEBDEN. This List of Shells is the result of several years’ collecting, and for much valuable information, I am indebted to my friends Messrs. Wm. Lund and G. Taylor, the former of whom was for many years a most assiduous and successful conchologist. It might have been made much more extensive but for the desirability of restricting the area of the district. Spherium corneum Z.—Common in the ponds and canals throughout the district. Spherium rivicola Zeach.—Plentiful in the Barnsley and Stanley canals. Spherium ovale Zerussac.—This local species is plentiful in the canal near Stanley, and is met with more rarely in the Wakefield and Barnsley canal. Spherium lacustre Juler.—Occurs in the Barnsley canal, plentiful in a pond at Sandal. Pisidium amnicum JZ@u/er—Common in the Barnsley and Stanley canals. Pisidium fontinale Drafarnaud.—Pond at Sandal. Pisidium fontinale var. Henslowana Sef~.—Barnsley canal. Pisidium fontinale var. pulchella_/ezyzs.— Barnsley canal. Pisidium nitidum /exyzs.—Found in ponds throughout the district. Unio tumidus /P2z//ipson.—In the canal near Barnsley. Unio tumidus var. radiata /efr.—Plentiful in the canal at Heath. Unio pictorum Z.—Moderately common in the Barnsley and Stanley canals. Anodonta cygnea Z.—Common throughout the district. Anodonta cygnea var. radiata JZu//er.—In the lake at Nostell Priory. Anodonta anatina Z.— Occurs in the canal near Barnsley. Anodonta anatina var. radiata _/ef7.—Canal, nr. Barnsley. Dreissena polymorpha /a//as.—Plentiful in the Barnsley canal, Wintersett Reservoir, and New-miller-dam. Neritina fluviatilis Z—Common in the Wakefield and Barnsley canal. Paludina vivipara Z.—Common in the Wakefield and Barnsley canal, and more rarely in a stream near Sandal Castle. Bythinia tentaculata Z.—Common throughout the district. Bythinia tentaculata var. decollata /efr.—Found plentifully at Kirkthorpe. Bythinia Leachii S%eg.— Found commonly amongst decay- ing sedges at the sides of the Wakefield and Barnsley canal. Valvata piscinalis J/u//e7—Moderately common in the Wakefield and Barnsley canal. 4 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Valvata piscinalis var. subcylindrica /efr.—River Went, near Ackworth. Planorbis nitidus d/uller—Found at Kirkthorpe and Hemsworth. Planorbis nautileus Z.—Common at Ossett and Cold Hiendley. Planorbis nautileus var. cristata Draparnaud.—Occurs with the type. Planorbis albus d/z//er.—Various places round Wakefield. Planorbis albus var. Draparnaldi S%efp—Very fine specimens of this local variety from a pond at Sandal. Planorbis spirorbis Jz//er.—Common throughout the district. A beautiful white variety occurs at Dirtcar Planorbis vortex Z.—Very common throughout the district, with P. sptrorbis. Planorbis carinatus JZ/u//er.—Common in the Wakefield and Barnsley canal. A dwarf form occursinapondnr. Sandal Castle. Planorbis comp!anatus Z.—Common throughout district. Planorbis corneus Z.—Abundant in a pond at Castleford. Evidently introduced. Planorbis contortus Z.—Very abundant in ponds at Castleford and near Frystone Hall. Physa hypnorum Z.—Common in a ditch at Stanley, where the specimens are very fine; more rarely at Cold Hiendley. Very common at Horbury. Physa fontinalis Z.—Common in the Barnsley canal, and in nearly every stream throughout the district. Physa fontinalis var. oblonga /ef7.—Common in the River Went at Ackworth. Limneea peregra JZul/ler.—In a ditch at Stanley, common. Limnzea peregra var. ovata Draparnaud.—Barnsley canal. Other forms of this most variable species occur throughout the district. Limnzea auricularia Z.—Occurs in canals at Horbury and Walton, and in the Cold Hiendley and Hemsworth dams. Limnza stagnalis Z.—Barnsley canal. Very fine speci- mens at Kirkthorpe. Limnzea stagnalis var. fragilis Z. —Abundant 1 in a stream near Castleford. Limnzea palustris J/u/ler.—In a pond on the canal side near Heath Bridge. Limnzea palustris var. elongata /efr.—Occurs in the same pond. Limneza palustris var. tincta_/ef7.—Barnsley canal. Limnzea truncatula dZu//er.—Common in ditches through- out the district. Limnezea truncatula var. elegans /ef7.—Standbridge, near Sandal. Limneea glabra MMuller.—Very abundant in a pond at Havercroft where the specimens are small. Common near Ossett. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 5 Limnza glabra var. elongata /efr.—Common and very fine at Ossett, amongst which are numbers of decollated specimens Ancylus fluviatilis 47//er.—Common at Kirkthorpe. Ancylus fluviatilis var. Capuloides /av.—This local and rare variety occurs in the River Went, near Ackworth, also in a small stream near Sandal Castle. Ancylus fluviatilis var. albida /eff.—Pugneys. Ancylus lacustris Z.—Barnsley canal occasionally, plenti- ful in a pond at Cold Hiendley. Arion ater Z.—Common throughout the district. Arion flavus 7ev.—Common throughout the district. Limax gagates Drap.—Bridge at Fall Ing. Limax flavus Z.—Common throughout the district. Limax agrestis Z.—Common. Limax arborum Bouch.-Chant.—Occurs at Haw Park. Limax maximus Z.—Common throughout the district. Succinea putris Z.—Common throughout the district. Succinea elegans 7sso.—Common at Ackworth. Vitrina pellucida AZi//er.—Common throughout district. Zonites celiarius A/w/er.—Common throughout district. Zonites alliarius A/w//er.—Common throughout district. Zonites nitidulus Drafg.—Common throughout district. Zonites nitidulus var. nitens J/chaud.—Beautiful pink- ish white coloured specimens of this variety occur at Newton. Zonites purus A/der.—Occurs at Haw Park. Zonites purus var. margaritacea /efr.— Common throughout the district. Zonites radiatulus A/der.—Rare at Sandal Castle. Zonites nitidus J/u//er.—Stanley and Cold Hiendley, locally abundant. Zonites excavatus Bean.—Common at Haw Park and at Bullcliffe Wood. Zonites crystallinus AZw//er.--Common throughout district. Zonites fulvus dZw//er.—Scarce throughout the district. Helix aculeata J/u/ler.—Common at Haw Park, and occurs sparingly throughout the district. Helix aspersa J/ud/er.—Common throughout the district. Helix nemoralis Z.—Common throughout the district. Helix nemoralis var. hortensis 4//er.—Common throughout the district. Helix nemoralis v. hybrida Poz.—Occasionally at Newton. Helix nemoralis var. major /er.—Chevet, rare. Helix nemoralis var. minor /ef7.—Rather common at Stanley. Helix Cantiana M/ontagu.—Canal side near Walton, and at Chevet Lane. At the latter locality specimens: are scarcer and of less size than formerly. Helix rufescens Pexnant.—Common throughout district. Helix rufescens var. albida /ef/r.—Very rare, one speci- men near Crofton Station. 6 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Helixrufescensv. minor /ef7.--Rather common nr. Chevet. Helix hispida Z.—Common throughout the district. Helix virgata Da Costa.—Very local, only occurring on and about a railway bridge near Oakenshaw. Helix caperata J/ont.—Common throughout the district. Helix caperata var. ornata /card.—Occurs along with the type, frequently. Helix caperata var. subscalaris /ef7.—Rare, one speci- men on Sandal Castle Hill. Helix caperata var. Gigaxii Char~.—Frequently met with in Chevet Lane. Helix ericetorum JZiu/er.—Sandal Castle Hill, where I also found a scalariform specimen. Helix rotundata A/u//er.—Common throughout the district. Helix rotundatavar. alba Moguin-Tandon.—My friend, Mr. G. Taylor, has taken three specimens of this rare variety near Ossett. Helix pygmeza Drap.—Scarce at Haw Park and other places in the district. Helix pulchella d/u//er.—Common in a quarry at Oaken- shaw and New-miller-dam. Helix pulchella var. costata A/u//er.—Occurs plentifully with the type at Oakenshaw. Bulimus obscurus J/w//er.—Rare at Sandal Castle Hill. Vertigo pygmzea Drap~.—Rare, occurs at Dirtcar, where the specimens have four teeth. Clausilia rugosa Drag.—Occurs at Sandal, Newmarket, and Woodlesford. Cochlicopa lubrica A/wi/er.—Haw Park. Cochlicopa lubrica var. lubricoides /er.—Haw Park and Sandal Castle Hill. Acme lineata Draf.—Living specimens of this rare Mol- lusk were found in decaying timber on the canal side, near Haw Park, by myself and Mr. Wm. Lund. SANDAL Common, Near Wakefield, Dec. 26th, 1873. On Varieties of Paludina vivipara and Planorbis gla- ber.— Having beenso fortunate during the past year as to find a new and distinct variety of each of these fresh-water Shells, which have been kindly determined for me by Mr. J. G. Jeffreys, F.R.S., I send a description of them for the information of your readers. PALUDINA VIVIPARA var, ATRO-PURPURA.—Shell same shape as the normal form, but of a black colour, which, when viewed. by transmitted light, is dark purple, being in fact the same colour as the bands of other specimens which occur with it. Ifounditinthecanal at Pontypool this spring in numbers, together with the type and the variety wzicolor; and besides this, there were with them all inter- mediately coloured ones, between wzzcolor and atro-purpura; these evidently being the ends of a series, wmzcolor being that in which all traces of the bands have vanished, and a¢vo-purpura that in which they have so spread themselves as to have entirely obliterated all traces of the green ground colour of the typical shell. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. a] PLANORBIS GLABER var. COMPRESSA—Shell more concave below than in the type, and only depressed in the centre on the upper side, the whorls also are rounder and do not increase so quickly, making the whole shell more compact. Found in the neighbourhood of Birmingham.—R. M. Luioyp, 60, Villa-road, Handsworth, Birmingham, December 18th, 1873. ON THE OCCURRENCE OF COCHLICOPA TRIDENS vaR CRYSTALLINA, Dupuy, IN THE NEIGHBOUR- HOOD OF BIRMINGHAM. By G. SHERRIFF TYE. Any interested reader turning to page 291, vol. I. of Mr. Jeffreys’ ‘British Conchology,” will there find recorded the occur- rence of this lovely little shell at Weoley Castle. [In Mr. Jeffrey’s book spelt “Wheeley.”] I believe the original spot from whence the shells here indicated were taken, is in a garden now attached to a farm-house. A short distance from this spot my friend Mr. Nelson, after diligent search, was rewarded by finding two or three shells, shewing much to our mutual satisfaction, that this charming variety still inhabits the locality. Having hitherto looked upon it as a rarity, I consider myself fortunate in having since found it in three other places in the Birmingham district. First at Perry Bar, secondly at Hamstead, at the former place I found an interesting variety of a pale whitish yellow colour, more opaque than crysta//ina, but brilliant. Hamstead furnished the greatest number of the crystalline variety. My friends, Messrs. Nelson and Lloyd and myself, obtainedamongst us nearly two dozen shells, yet left many young to furnish a progeny for future collectors. The third habitat is Dudley, where, on a pleasant day in April this year, Mr. Lloyd and myself found it in company with C. ubvica and Carychitum minimum in the still romantic grounds of Dudley Castle. These three localities are all in the county of Stafford, and their distance from Birmingham is as follows:—Perry Bar, 25 miles; Hamstead, 2$ miles; Dudley about 8 miles. Weoley Castle is in Worcestershire, and is situated about 44 miles from Birmingham. A single specimen has also been taken by Mr. Shrive, near Knowle, Warwickshire. C. tridens is distributed throughout the neighbourhood of Birmingham, occurring abundantly in many places and sparingly in others; indeed a collector searching for it in almost any ‘‘likely looking” locality would hardly be disappointed, yet it appears to be much less plentiful in other districts. It would be interesting to learn the distribution of this species in Great Britain. The records of its occurrence in our eastern counties are rare, and it is doubtful whether it inhabits Scotland or Ireland. Mr. Jeffreys has recorded one locality for it in Wales. It may be looked for at the roots of grass (¢.e., at the base of the blades) or in the middle of thick tufts, among moss, or under 8 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. herbage or stones in rather damp places “‘all the year round,” but early in the year, if the weather be mild, is the best time, before vegetation gets too luxuriant and Phoebus too powerful, for our little Cochlicopa, like many others of our native mollusks, is no ‘‘feather-bed soldier” but bestirs himself ere yet the last snow has departed before the soft breath of spring. Unlike its brother C. /uébrica, C. tridens has a limited foreign distribution, being only reported from France and Germany, while the former has a world-wide distribution. ; HANDSWORTH, December 18th, 1873. THE MOLLUSCA OF EUROPE COMPARED WITH THOSE OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. By J. GWYN JEFFREYS, F.R.S. [ Reprinted, by the kind permission of the Author, from the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History FOR October, 1872.] After mentioning that he had dredged last autumn on the coast of New England in a steamer provided by the Government of the United States, and that he had inspected all the principal collections of Mollusca made in Eastern North America, the author compared the Mollusca of Europe with those of Massachu- setts. He estimated the former to contain about rooo species (viz. 200 land and freshwater, and 800 marine), and the latter to contain about 400 species (viz. 110 land and freshwater, and 290 marine) ; and he took Mr. Binney’s edition of the late Professor Gould’s ‘Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts,’ published in 1870, as the standard of comparison. That work gives 4o1 species, of which Mr. Jeffreys considered 41 to be varieties and the young of other species, leaving 360 apparently distinct species. About 40 species may be added to this number in consequence of the recent researches of Professor Verrill and Mr. Whiteaves on the coast of New England and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Mr. Jeffreys identified 173 out of the 360 Massachusetts species as European, viz., land and freshwater 39 (out of 110), and marine 134 (out of 250), the proportion in the former case being 28 per cent., and in the latter nearly 54 per cent. ; and he produced a tabulated list of the species in support of his statement. He proposed to account for the distribution of the North-American Mollusca thus identified, by showing that the land and freshwater species had probably migrated from Europe to Canada through Northern Asia, and that most of the marine species must have been transported fromthe Arctic seas by Davis’s-Strait currentsouthwards to Cape Cod, andthe remainder from the Mediterranean and western coasts ofthe Atlantic by the Gulf-stream ina northerly direction. He renewed his objection to the term “representative species.” The author concluded by expressing his gratitude for the kind hospitality and attention which he received from naturalists during his visit to North America last year. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Mollusca of Eastern North America, according to Binney’s edition of Gould’s ‘Invertebrata of Massachusetts.’ Name of Species. Teredo navalis, Zinne ... Norvegica, Spengler megotara, Hanley Thompsonii, 7~yon dilatata, Stimpson chlorotica, Gould (1870)... Xylotrya fimbriata, SDI Pholas costata, Z. truncata, Say Zirfeea crispata, L. Solen ensis, Z. ... Solecurtus gibbus, Sp. divisus, SP. sas Macheera squama, Blainville ce costata, Say ic Solemya velum, Say (1822) borealis, Zotten (1834) ... Panopeea arctica, Lamarck (1818) Glycymeris siliqua, Chemnitz ... Mya arenaria, Z. i truncata, Z. ; Corbula contracta, Say... Neezera pellucida, Sz. Pandora trilineata, Say... Lyonsia hyalina, Coxvad arenosa, AZiiller ... Anatina papyracea, Say ae Cochlodesma Leanum, Conrad Thracia Conradi, Couthouy( 1838) myopsis (eck) ALil/ (1842) truncata, eet & Adams (1842) .. . Mactra solidissima, Cz. ovalis, Gould . lateralis, Say Cumingia tellinoides, Coz. Ceronia arctata, Cor. ... deaurata, 7zrton.. Kellia planulata, S7. : . suborbicularis, Montagu... Turtonia minuta, /adbricius Montacuta elevata, Sz.... Saxicava rugosa, Pennant arctica, Z.. Petricola pholadiformis, Lam.. dactylus, Say... Macoma fusca, Say (1826) proxima, Gray (1839) Tellina tenta, Say 5 tenera, Say Lucina filosa, S7. (1851). eeeeee . . . . . * S = Ss N. Serre es ZZ Synonyms and Remarks. | European. E | Wood’s Hole, Mass., J.G.J. 7. megotara, variety. T. pedicellata, Quatrefages [1849, var. Genus Pholas. Be .| G. Seligua, G. Stligua. S. togata, young. S. togata, Poli, 1791. Saxicava Norvegica,sp.1793 G. Cyrtodaria. Allied to L. Morvegica. Allied to Thracta pretenuis which is European. T. inflata, |.Sowerby, 1845. T. truncata, Brown, 1827. Not Z: truncata, Br. T.sep- tentrionalis, Jeftr. ZS. Loven received a single valve from Finmark. M, solidissima, var. Allied to AZ. subtruncata, which is European. Mesodesma deauratum, var. G. Mesodesma G, Lasea. G. Cyamium, Linne instead of Pennant. S. rugosa, var. Valentia, Ireland ; fragment PL, pholadiformts, var. Tellina Balthica, L., 1766. T. calcaria, Ch,, 1782. Allied to 7. tenzzs. L. borealis, L., 1766. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Io a Name of Species. bn a 99 | Lucina dentata, Wood . 100 | Cryptodon Gouldii, Phil. (1845) ror | Spherium simile, Say (1816) ... WOR}, | colon partumeium, ,, (1822) TOAIR| re oens rhomboideum, ,, 105 Vermontanum, Prinze (1861) : TOO | "eens truncatum, Lesley LO scares tenue, Prime 107 . securis, AA MOSM eerie: occidentale, ,, ; 109 | Pisidium dubium, Say (1816) .. IWC), ||)) Gabane Adamsii, Przme See IHG)! |) Sooeac compressum, ,, itt || noes aequilaterale, ,, THU Soaaes ferrugineum, Prime HutG he lb Beveas abditum, Haldeman (1841) HTUS || soo doe variabile, Prime... TUG |W) coaone ventricosum, ., 117 | Astarte castanea, Say ... 1H), |b acer sulcata, Da Costa jE || cacao semisulcata, Leach (1817)... 123 . quadrans, Gould ... D244] oes elliptica, Hanley ... 125 Banksii, Leach (1817) ; E26) ||P ohne crebricostata, Forbes (1847) 127 | Astarte Portlandica, Afghels ... 128 | Gouldia mactracea, Lizsley 129 | Cyprina Islandica, Z 131 | Cytherea convexa, Say... 133 | Venus mercenaria, Z. I eabadee notata, Say 136 | Tapes fluctuosa, Gould .. 137 | Gemma gemma, 7Zo/¢ten 138 . Manhattensis, Przme 139 | Cardium Islandicum, Z. ne 141 . elegantulum, (Beck), Moll. 143 | Liocardium Mortoni, Cozr. 144 | Aphrodita Groenlandica, Ch. ... 146 | Cardita borealis, Cozr. (re30) 147 | Arca pexata, Say : 148 . transversa, Say .... 149 | Nucula tenuis, Mont. 1EL{) ligament proxima, Say WS | Wt Be acria expansa, Reeve 10523) eget delphinodonta, Migh 154 | Yoldia limatula, aid (930) 155 . obesa, Sé. . 18) | be soe siliqua, Reeve (1855) 157 thracizeformis, Stover N. or S. of Cape Cod ZAZA A2ZAARS™SS™NySYS™YAySY ZAZA Z ZZ BAABAAAAZANHALZAARA™NAARANAAAZALAAZAZAALAZ : leshes) Se: tts: Be: leofes| 19) | European. Synonyms and Remarks. Axinus flexuosus Mont, var. 1803. S. striatinum, Lam., 1818. S. lacustre, Muller, 1774. Allied to S. corneum, which is European. S. pisidioides, Gray, 1856. Perhaps introduced into England. S. lacustre, var. S. lacustre, var. Rykholtit P. amnicum, Mull. 1774. P. fontinale Draparnaud, [1805. Allied to P. 2ztidum, which is European. P. pusillum, var. obtusalis P. pusillum, Gmelin, 1788 Possibly someofthese North American species may be reduced in number. Perhaps a variety of A. borealis, Ch. Including 4. wzdata,Gould =A. Omali, J. Sow. A. borealis, Ch., 1784 var. A. castanea, var. nana. . sélcata, var. . compressa, Mt. 1803 var. . depressa, Br., 1827. . compressa, Var. . Crassatella, Venus. mercenaria, Var. Venus. mercenaria, young. G. Cardium. C. sulcata, Bruguiere, 1792 [var. A. pexata, var. NV. tenuts, var. Y. artica, Sars. G. Leda. Allied to Leda lucida, which is European. L. arctica, Gray, 1819. (GaeLeda: 159 160 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Name of Species. Yoldia sapotilla, Goud (1841).. | myalis, Couth .. Leda tenuisulcata, Couth pne38) Jacksonii, Govld . minuta, adr. caudata, Donovan : Unio complanatus, Solander ... nasutus, Say radiatus, G77. cariosus, Say ochraceus, Say .. Margaritana arcuata, Bar. (1823) undulata, Say marginata, Gould Anodon fluviatilis, Zea.. implicata, Say undulata, Say Mytilus edulis, Z. Modiola modiolus, Z. plicatula, Lam. Modiolaria nigra, ice discors, L. : ...-. corrugata, SZ. : Crenella glandula. Tott. pectinula, Gould (1841) .. Pecten tenuicostatus, JZgh&-dd Islandicus, J7Z7i// ... ; irradians, Lav. fuscus, Lzzes/. Ostrea Virginiana, Lister borealis, Zaz. Anomia ephippium, Z. aculeata, G72. electrica, Z. squamula, Z Mi Terebratulina septentrionalis, Couth (1839) . Rhynchonella psittacea, Gm. Waldheimia cranium, G7. Philine sinuata, .S7. : quadrata, .S. Wood Aouad lineolata, Couth (1839) Scaphander puncto-striatus, Migh. & Ad. (1842)... Diaphana hiemalis, Couth (1839) debilis, Gozld (1840) Utriculus Gouldii, Couth. (1839) . pertenuis, Migh. a beehtie canaliculatus, Say Cylichna alba, 47. ee -esu1e OFYZA, Tott. (1835) Bulla incincta, J/igh. solitaria, Say. iets occulta, ‘Migh. & Ad, (1842) Tornatella puncto-striata, Ad.. CAA AAU AAS VAAN A eA AA tg cD) a iy LL) Ly Lc, Senne rer [iis th ot: eee: Se: : SH See we: European. th: Bw: & tH: leomesies| It Synonyms and Remarks. L. hyperborea, Lov. 1846. G. Leda. L. pernula, Mull. 1770, var. L. pernula, var. Mull. instead of Fabr. L. minuta, var. Perhaps U. cariosus, var. Unio margaritifer, L. 1766 G, Unio. G. Unio. Dillwyn, 1817instead of Lea Anodonta cygnea L. 1766 G. Anodonta. A. cygnea vax G. Anodonta. G. Mytilus. G. Mytilus. C. faba, Fabr., 1780. P. irradians, young. O. Virginiana, var. A. ephippium, var. A. ephippium, var. A. ephippium, young. Terebratula caput-serpentis [L., 1764, var. Mull. instead of Gm. G. Terebratula. Allied to P, nztida, which [is European. P. lima, Br., 1827. S. ibrarius, Lov., 1846. Utriculus globosus Lov 1846 Utriculus hyalinus, Tutt., 1834. U. turritus, Moll., U. Gouldiz, young. 1842. Bulla utriculus, Brocchi, [1814. Cylichna striata, Br., 1827 Perhaps Act@on puszllus. G. Actwon. C—O vm ee, . 12 i) Name of Species. = Ay 226 | Polycera Lessonii, D’ nace 228 | Doris bilamellata, Z. ... 220 alleicne ss tenella, Agasszz PPX Ni taoons pallida, Ag. (1870) PIXON | Bacads diademata, 4g. (1870) 227 |oun ce planulata, S¢. (1853) 282 al eer grisea, S?. oe 233 | Ancula sulphurea, Sz. 234 | Dendronotus arborescens, J/7i//. 236 | Dota coronata, Gy. 3 238 | AZolis papillosa, Z. ZACK eae salmonacea, De Kay(1843) PATA Nee Bostoniensis, Cowth. ; DAZ A asec rufibranchialis, Fohzstor... QAB | eect as pilata, Gould z PYM face stellata, .S7. ZAM eens purpurea, S?. 2DAGY | eae. picta, 4. & #. PUNT NN sarc diversa, Couth garts} || sosper despecta, Yohuston ZA OW hee gymnota, De Kay 250 | Calliopzea (?) fuscata, Gould 251 | Embletonia fuscata, Gould PASH || etisnac remigata, Gou/d ... 253 | Hermeza cruciata, Alex. Az. 254 | Alderia Harvardiensis, Ag. 255 | Elysia chlorotica, Ag. ... 256 | Placobranchus catulus, Ag. 258 | Limapontia zonata, S7. 258 | Chiton apiculatus, Say... ZEON |\derrecs cinereus, Z. — GXCTOY | eee yee ruber, Lowe 261ml ease marmoreus, adr. 263 . albus, JZont. Ze PASI} | Gosbae mendicarius, A/igh. & Ad. (1842) 264 | Amicula Emersonii, Couth 266 | Dentalium dentale, Z. ... 266 | Entalis striolata, SZ. (1851) 267 | Tectura testudinalis, AZ7// F018) || someon alveus, Conr. 270 | Lepeta czeca, AZiil/ 271 | Crepidula fornicata, Z... 22 sae plana, Say oA7fe+ Nieoaiac convexa, Say Par Wel hee clase glauca, Say = 275 | Crucibulum striatum, Say 276 | Cemoria noachina, Z. ... 277 | Ianthina fragilis, Deshayes Quarterly Journal of Conchology. CAPLET AEA APA AM A ZzZZ2 AFA ONIN A APRON A AY Me A WAAC NAA AP AAA leoies) leoiles ie) eoles| colle) | European. Synonyms and Remarks. Perhaps D. znxconspicua, which is European. D. aspera, Alder & Han- cock, 1842. D. tuberculata, Cuvr. 1802 D. repanda, A. & H., 1842 ‘Very closely allied to D. tnconspicua,” |‘ Very like to Ancula cris- tata,” which is European Eolts bodoensis, Moll., 1842 ‘* Approaching closely £. coronata of Forbes,” [which is European. ‘* Nearly allied to &. con- cinna,’ whichis European C. marginatus, not C. cin- ereus. A single speci- [men only ; questionable L., not Mont. C. Hanleyi, Bean, Thorpe, [ 1844. D. striolatum, var. Dentalium abyssorum, Sars, 1858, var. T. testudinalis, var. C. fornicata, var. C. fornicata, var. G. Puncturella. | Lam., not Desh. Specific name changed to com- munis, 1822. see eee eens tenes Triforis nigrocinctus, Ad. Odostomia producta, Ad. fusca, Ad. . dealbata, St. modesta, .S7. Sie bisuturalis, Say anh trifida, Zodt, Abe AGA . seminuda, dd... aed [Mont., 1803. S. tmpressa, Var. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. um) os gs 5 Ae) o Name of Species. we 5 Synonyms and Remarks. Zo! a Adeorbis costulata, J7Zo// N | E | G. Molleria. Margarita cinerea, Couth pa) NI 3d Ga Aeaacows: undulata, Sower by (1838) N| E | Zrochus Grenlandicus, Ins Asi helicina, Fabr. ... aD | NG Ee Ge Tee argentata, Gould (1841) ...| N | E | Zvrochus glaucus, Moll. 1842 obscura,. Couth ... ..| N | E | G. Zyrochus. acuminata, MWigh, & Ad.| N | ... | Tvrochus varicosus, young. varicosa, Mich & Ad(1842)) N | E | M. elegantissima, Bean, S. Wood, 1848. G. Trochus Trochus occidentalis, J/igh @& dd| N | E Valvata tricarinata, Say’ Ut) N | E | V. pisctnalis, Mull., 1774, pupoidea, Gould . eal IN [var. Melantho decisa, Say ... cool] INT Amnicola pallida, Haldeman ...| N G. Hydrobia. limosa, Say 30. ||| aN G. Aydrobia. granum, Say tae N G, Hydrobia. Pomatiopsis lapidaria, Say S) Skenea planorbis, 7aér. NG Rissoella ? eburnea, S7. N G. Rissoa. sulcosa, Migh. alee G, Rissoa, One specimen only. Rissoa minuta, Zof¢. (1834) N | E | Aydrobia ventrosa, Mont., 1803, var. latior, AZigh. & Ad. N aculeus, Gould (1841) N | E | &. striata, J. Adams, 1795. multilineata, S7. N R. striata, var. Mighelsi, S¢. al aeN exarata, Sz. N . Carinata, A/zgh. & Ad. ...| N Lacuna vincta, A/onz. (1803) ...| N | E | Z. dévaricata, Fabr., 1780. neritoidea, Gould ay N| E | ZL. palhidula, Turt. 1827 var Littorina rudis. Dov. .| N | E | Maton, instead of Don. evans tenebrosa, ont. . IN) |) ES | Ze rudis, vars litorea, Z.... |) INE || 18: palliata, Say (1822) N | E | Z. obtusata, L., 1766, var. L. limata, Low, 1846. irrorata, Say lS Scalaria Noy-anglize, Couth N S. multistriata, var. lineata, Say : | Ss” . multistriata, Say ... S Greenlandica, CA... SNe Cecum pulchellum, .S7.. S) Vermetus radicula, .S¢. . S Turritella erosa, Couth (1839)... N 7. polaris, Moll., 1842. reticulata, ee & Ad. (1842) ... if sal! ANT T. lactea, MOll., 1842. acicula, Sh sol NI Aporrhais occidentalis, ‘Beck ...| N Bittium nigrum, Zo/¢. ... | S |... | G. Cerethzum. ; Greenil, Ad. (1839) N | E | Certthiopsis tubercularts, WS Aes) {8 || NI N N S N Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 14 i} Name of Species. ey Ay 330 | Odostomiaimpressa, Say (1822) 331 | Turbonilla interrupta, Zo¢¢ (1834) BT Nao, nivea, SZ. 332 | Eulima oleacea, Kurtz & See 333 | Menestho albula, 4/022. 334 | Velutina haliotoidea, Haér.(1780) BY). Il Sassen zonata, Gould, (1841) 337 | Lamellaria perspicua, Z. 338 | Lunatia heros, Say (1822) BAO Wess triseriata, Say : aye || seorae Groenlandica, Moll : 342 | Naticaclausa, Bap. & Sow. (1629) BYyVLW|\ eeaeae pusilla, Say za a 344 | Mamma? immaculata, Tott 345 | Neverita duplicata, Say 347 | Bulbus flavus, Gozdd, (1840) 348 | Amauropsis helicoides, Ste Ais (1835) od 349 | Pleurotoma bicarinata, ‘Couth . BIO) |) cao cae plicata, Ad. (1842) 351 | Bela turricula, A/onz. BR ou eves harpularia, Cozth 1G Mal violacea, AZigh®&Ad.( 1842) BISA adacine decussata, Couth (1841)... Bis, (eseneee cancellata, oy & Ad. (1842) ; 3195 all, ceseee pleurotomaria, Cowth (1839) 356 | Columbella avara, Say 357 .. rosacea, Gould, (1840) Bicteo || gageee dissimilis, Sz. a Boy aoaaoe lunata, Say 360 | Purpura lapillus 362 | Nassa obsoleta, Say .. BOA ac. cues trivittata, Say (1822) Bots all ceepeer vibex, Say a 366 | Buccinum undatum, Z. BOSuiinases ciliatum, Faér. BOOM ease Donovani, Gray (1839) ... Z7O al canes cinereum, Say... : 371 |Fusus Islandicus, Gm. .. oP. ||" pboaae pygmeeus, S7. 373 . ventricosus, Gray 27 Ase tornatus, Gould (1840) e/a Grane decemcostatus, Say 377 | Trophon clathratus, Z. _ scalariformis, Goz/d (1840) AZ Z4AgZaA 272, Fa VaAPAaea rn WA Par Varad PAV arAdNrarads) mae ses N. or S. of Cape Cod Z2NnA AW PaO erae ma ara Palle dlr European, th: me: coleoiles) See eee lealiae tn ma tf & ¢3) O. celata, Cailliaud, 1865. Synonyms and Remarks. Melania rufa, Ph., 1836, var. G. Odostomia. Perhaps 7uvbo lacteus, L. G. Odostomia. Apparently not this species, which is American. V. levigata, Pennant, 1777 V. undata, Brown, 1827. Natica catenoides, S. Wood 1848. Natica heros, young. Beck, fide Moll. G. Matica LV. affinis, Gm., 1790. G. Natica. G. Natica. Natica Smithiz, Brownt839 =. aperta, Lov., 1846 Natica Islandica, Gm.1'790 P. declivis, Lov., G. Pleurotoma. G. Pleurotoma. Defrancia Beckii, MOll., 1842. G. Pleurotoma. Pleurotoma Trevelyana, Turt., 1834. Defrancia Pingelii, Moll., 1842. G. Pleurotoma Buccinum pyramidale, Strom, 179—. G. Pleuvo- [Zoma. C. Holbolli, Beck, Moll., [1842. 1846. Subgenus Desmoulea. XN. propingua, J. Sow.,1824 Not that species, but 2. undulatum, Moll. Bb. slaciale, L., 1766. G. Urosalpinx, allied to Purpura. Not that species, but /% curtus, Jeff. Not Bucctnum Sabini or Fusus Sabini, Gray. LY. despectus, L., 1766. Not that species, but 7. truncatus, Str. T. clathratus, L., 1766. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Name of Species. Trophon muricatus, A7Zonz. Busycon canaliculatum, Z. carica, Gy. Fasciolaria ligata, Migh. & Ad. Ranella caudata, Say" Cerithiopsis Emersonii, Ad. terebralis, Ad. (1841) Trichotropis borealis, Soz. Admete viridula, Fabr.. Vitrina limpida, Gould, (1850) Hyalina cellaria, AZ7i//. arborea, Say electrina, Gould (1841) indentata, Say minuscula, Bzeney Binneyana, J/orse milium, /orse ferrea, Morse chersina, Say (1821) minutissima, Zea (1841)... multidentata, Bzzney hneata, Say ‘ Macrocyclis concava, Say Limax maximus, Z: agrestis, Z Bs campestris, Binney (1841) flavus, Z. Bf en Helix alternata, Say ... striatella, Anthony asteriscus, Morse labyrinthica, Say hirsuta, Say 3 monodon, Rackett aerogel palliata, Say . tridentata, Say albolabris, Say dentifera, Azz. thyroides, Say hates Sayii, Bzz7. .. ?harpa, Say a pulchella, A777. ... ale hortensis, A/7i//7. (1774) .. Cionella subcylindrica, Z. Pupa muscorum, Z. Hoppii, 4/077 pentodon, Say decora, Gould fallax, Say armifera, Say contracta, Say rupicola, Say 15 Gale Gol Sails Z20| a ING |e: sas: S) N S S Sale N| E N|E NOE: Na | N I) |] 18; N S N N N ING ae INGE; N N N ING ING |e: ING es INGE: N N N N N N N N N N N N IND NE N| E N| E N| E N N N S N N N Synonyms and Remarks. Doubtful as American. G. Cerithium, not Ceritht- opsts. C. trilineata, Ph., 1836. Broderip and Sowerby’s species. V. pellucida, Mull., G. Zonites. Closely allied to Z. excava- tus, but umbilicus much less open. Zonites radiatulus, Alder, [1830, var. alba. 1744 Zonites fulvus, Mull., 1774 Helix pygmeaa, Drap., 1805 L. levis, Mull., 1774. Sweden. FH. nemoralis, L., 1766var. Perhaps that species, but described as inhabiting fresh water. Cochlicopa lubrica, Mull. Linne’s species is unascer- tainable. P. marginata, Drap. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 16 Ps) Name of Species. a Qy 439 | Pupa corticaria, Say... ace 440 | Vertigo Gouldii, Bizz. (1843) 441 . milium, Gould Sit MA | gercdac Bollesiana, Morse (1865) AAQ eee ovata, Say (1822) BAZ | ercun ventricosa, Aorse (1865) ALAR aenece: simplex, Goz/d (1840) 445 | Succinea ovalis, Gould sae 440 1] ence. avara, Say AAT ios 2 obliqua, Say (1824) ANGE tee: Totteniana, Zea ... 451 | Arion fuscus, AZ// (1774) 453 | Zonites inommata, Say ASA |ysocees suppressa, Say ... 454 . fuliginosa, Gr7fjith 457 Tebennophorus dorsalis, 4777. 465 | Alexia myosotis, Drap. 466 | Carychium exiguum, Say (1822) 467 | Melampus bidentatus, Say 471 | Limnea columella, Say (1817) 473 . decollata, AZzgh. ... BT AN | Bete ampla, AZigh. : ATS ecreces elodes, Say (1821) ORS || sanoan desidiosa, Say ATOM scenes catascopium, Say ASO MN copa umbilicata, Ad. BESO |W aesoee pallida, Ad. : ASD ema humilis, Say (1822) 483 | Physa heterostropha, Say 485 ancillaria, Say. 486 | Bulinus elongatus, Say (1821) _ 488 | Planorbis trivolvis, Say AQOW| Ween lentus, Say Re AQT Ii onne bicarinatus, Say ... ODA soanse campanulatus, Say AOR a arses hirsutus, Gozdd (1840) AQAG eee deflectus, Say 410) “| eaan dee exacutus, Say wv AGH \\scn4.000 parvus, Say (1817-19) AOOm | eaees dilatatus, Gould ... 499 | Segmentina armigera, Say 501 | Ancylus parallelus, Ha/d. GOLA lie net fuscus, Ad. : 504 | Diacria trispinosa, Lesweur 504 | Psyche globulosa, Rang 505 | Heterofusus balea, JZ6// BOS A Gsec ces retroversus, Fleming .. 507 | Clione limacina, Pz2pps (1773) 509 | Loligopsis pavo, Les. 510 Ommastrephes sagittatus, Fer & D Orb ; 513 | Loligo punctata, ‘De Kay Bib ‘Gooobe Pealei, Les. 516 | Spirula fragilis, Sz, (1860) BAAZAAAaAAaAaszy AAAAWNAAAAA AAAAAAA AZA AA™AA™NANAAAYRY™T?” N. or S. of Cape Cod. n4aznA BABAAAZAA™A™AYS” HHA es European. mi >: tit tat: : Be: Synonyms and Remarks. V. alpestris, Ald., 1830. V. pygmea, Drap., 1801. V. antivertigo, Drap., 1801 V. Moulinsiana, Dy., 1843 V. edentula, Drap., 1805. S. elegans, Risso. 1826. Allied to S. putris, var. ochracea S. putris, L., 1766. S. putris, var. Perhaps that species. A. hortensts, Ferussac 1819. Zonites is masculine 3 see [De Montfort. G. Melampus. C. minimum, Mull., 1774. Specific name preoccupied. MM. corneus, Desh. L. peregra, Mull., 1774. L. catascopium, vax. L. palustris, Mull., L. truncatula, var. 1774. Allied to Z. truncatula. L. truncatula, var. elegans. L. truncatula, Mull., 1774 More nearly allied to P. vivalts, Mat.& Rack.than [to P. fontinalis. Physa hypnorum, L., 1766. P. trivolvis, var. P. albus, Mull., 1774. P. albus, var. Draparnald Allied to P, 2ztidus. P. glaber, Jeftr., 1828, Perhaps introduced intc England and naturalized G. Planorbis. Allied to A. lacustris. G. Cavolina. G. Spirialis. G. Spirialis. C. papilionacea, Pall. 1766 Lamarck’s species. G. Om- [matostrephes. S. australis, Brug. 1789-92