Suecterly Soe) NNN nA ‘am f Vii woe LY | EN 119 65 I2. 16 14. TS: 16. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. as when they are engaged in the important office of pro- pagating their species; All the specimens of the district were much more beautifully and distinctly marked than any specimens I have met with in England, and the shell was more frequently distorted or hypertrophied than I have met with elsewhere, possibly from being on the sandstone. L. arborum Bouchard-Chantereux. L. flavus Z. L. carinatus Zeach.—Apparently a variety of our English species, slightly darker in colour and the spots more distinct. Arion ater Z.—Everywhere and in every shade of colour, from black to white and orange. A. hortensis 4é7.—Not abundant. A. albus Z.—A pretty little species and distinct, under moss and dead leaves in woods, &c. Testacella haliotoidea Draf.—I have never found this species, and introduce it on the strength of a single example found in the Castle gardens by an English- man, and presented to, and preserved in the Museum Lommel. Vitrina elongata Drag.—A well-marked species and very abundant in damp situations, more especially in winter and autumn. V.diaphana Drap.—lIt is difficult to me to describe the difference between this species and V. pellucida, but it is slightly more globular, and is gregarious, the one can withdraw its body entirely within the shell, which our species in England cannot: habitats the same as last, especially in the Castle gardens. V. pellucida dZu//.—Not by any means common. Daudebardia brevipes Dvaf.—Great was my delight, as one day when examining the contents of my col- lecting box I found a solitary example of this rare, pretty and interesting animal; when I first picked it up I was under the shade of the trees on the summit of the Heilegenberg, and I imagined it was a variety of V. elongata, but when I had extracted the animal and saw the umbilicus, I knew how great a treasure I IT4 ‘ 18. TQ. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Dis 28. 29. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. had acquired. Afterwards I found other stations be- tween the Castle and Wolfsbrunnen, and in the Philo- sophenweg andelsewhere, always under stones or moss. It is not common and requires diligent searching. D. rufa Drap.—Said to have been found, but I have never seen a specimen and doubt it. Helix nemoralis Z.—In many varieties and colours. H. hortensis JZ//.—In many varieties and colours. H. hybrida Pocret,—Not so common as the two preceding. I see in a note “ rare, with rose-coloured lip.” H. sylvatica Drafg.—lIs not found in the immediate neigh- bourhood, but between that and Carlsruhe. ak: . pomatia Z.—Everywhere common; in fact it takes the place of our /Z. aspersa, which is nowhere to be found. It is reported to be occasionally met with sinistral and scalariform. It isthe only species brought into market for consumption, and then only during the Lenten season, at the same time as frogs (Rana edults). I never could summon courage to taste either, although they looked tempting enough. H. fruticum dZ//.—The shell is diaphanous, showing the speckled flesh of the animal through, umbilicated, of a white, pale sulphur, ochreous, or chocolate colour ; and about Mannheim with one band, rarely two bands. Common on trees and shrubs. H. strigella Drap.—Common, has a large umbilicus. H. villosa Drag.—This striking species is not common about Heidelberg, but in the forests by the side of the Rhine is abundant. H. incarnata JZu//.—-Common, narrow umbilicus. (H. rufescens, Pennant.) H. circinata var. montana Studer.—Heidelberg and Saarbruck. H. hispida Z.—Most abundant, and a variety “depilata” rare at Mannheim. H. personata Zam.—Is to be found in many localities, under stones and dead leaves in the forest. To me it is a most interesting species, not only from the curious formation of the shell, from which its specific name of “masked” is taken, but also from its being almost 30. 32: 33° 34- 35- 36. 37- 38. 39- 40. 4l. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47- 48. 49. 50. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. II5 identical with the American 7. c/ausa of Say, a lovely little round shell, thickly covered with closely set persistent spines or hairs ; colour rich chestnut. aE . obvoluta JZu/7— Everywhere most abundant. H. ericetorum JZu//.—Examples of this species, of a large size, ina sandpit on the road to Kirscheim, and a variety in the Castle gardens, &c H. candidula Stwder.—This is very much like a very small form of Helix virgata, but differs from it—the animal not being so dark, and the lip of the shell is white. Some distance from Heidelberg, as Langenbrucken, &c. H. aculeata J/u//.—On alder trees in the Castle gardens, and under fallen leaves. . fulva AZu//.—Langenbriicken. . pulchella JZu//.—and its var. ‘‘cos¢tata” common. . lapicida Z.—Common. . rotundata JZu//.—Common. . pygmeea Drafg.—Common in usual situations. . sericea M7ul/.—Carlsruhe. Zonites cellarius JZu//.—Common. . glabra Studer.—Forests, &c. . lucida Drap.—Common. . radiatulus A/der.—In wet moss. . nitidulus Dvaf.—Not uncommon. . crystallinus JZ/7.—Not uncommon. Balia fragilis % & A—Castle gardens, &c. Succinea putris Z.—Common. S. Pfeifferi ossmassler.— Between Neckarsteinach and Schonau. S. oblonga Dyrap. — Haarlass, and also abundant at Biebrich. Bulimus detritus 7/u//.=(B. radiata Brug.)—This typi- cal and striking white shell is everywhere abundant. Occasionally found with a few dark stripes, and more rarely an elongated form especially by the Kaiserthal, Freiburg. It was once introduced into this country, near Canterbury, but Ihave never heard whether it prospered, 5) gee ie dO NNNNWN 116 gs Bee 53: 54. 55: 56. MEE 58. 59: 60. 61. 62. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. B. montanus Draf.—Speyerhof, Heidelberg, and forests on the banks of the Rhine, near Mannheim. B. obscurus JZu//,—Abundant. Achatina acicula J/w//.—Haarlass, Durlach, &c. Many diligent collectors often complain that they can find no living specimens of this most elegant snail, it is an entirely subterraneous dweller, and must be searched for under large flat stones, at the roots of plants, and in the fissures of shale rocks. At Haarlass I found it in company with Vertigo minutissima. Zua lubrica d/u//.—Everywhere abundant and has existed many ages, as may be seen in examining the lowest portions of the Loess. Z. nitens Koke7/l.—(See Albers Heliceen, 2nd Ed., 1860, p. 256.) Ifa species, which I doubt, it is smaller and has a white lip; according to my notes, from Sweden, Baden, and Redhill, Surrey. Pupa frumentum Draf.—Haarlass, Weinheim, Durlach, &c. This species at first sight might be mistaken for P. secale, but is larger, the shell more polished, and the peristome not contracted. P. secale Drap.—Handschuhsheim, &c. P. marginata Draf.—Common; the edentulous variety is said to be found in some parts of the Black Forest. P. quadridens Drag.=(B. quadridens d/w//.)—Langen- briicken. P. avena Draf.—Carlsruhe. P. umbilicata Draf.—The locality for this I am doubtful about. Vertigo sexdentata //em.=(V. substriata, /effreys.)— Engelswiese, Handschuhsheim, and Siebenmithlthal. V. edentula Drap.—Castlegardens. V. minutissima Hartm.—Abundant, but local; Haarlass, Friedricksfelt, Biebrich, &c. V. pygmeea Drap.—Common. V. palustris /ef=(V. antivertigo, Drap.)—Common. V. alpestris 4//ers.—Wolfsbrunnen, rare. V. Moulinsiana Dupuwy.—Siebenmiihlthal and near Frank fort. The latter locality by Mr. Heynemann of that city. 70. 78. 72. 73: 74. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. LiF V. pusilla 47a/7.—Amongst the rejectamenta on the banks of the Neckar, dead ; Rtthe and Weisenthal by Wies- baden. V. Venetzii “ & A =(V. angustior, /efr.)-—Wiesenthal by Wiesbaden, in moss fringing a small stream run- ning through the meadows. Clausilia biplicata dZox¢.—One of the commonest species. C. bidens Drap.=(C. laminata, A/ont.)—By no means abundant, the variety ‘‘a/ézda” comparatively not uncommon. C. ltala var. Braunii Czavf.—Abundant on the Anlage and Weinheim. Said to have been a foreign intro- duction, but for which I can see no reason, as it is widely distributed. C. nigricans J7. & R.=(C. rugosa, Drap.)—Haarlass, Wolfsbriinnen, &c. C. parvula Studer.—Everywhere abundant. Cyclostoma elegans J/w/—Dossenheim, and Hand- schuhsheim, Acme lineata Draf.—Near Carlsruhe. Pomatias maculatum S/uder.—Klein Reus. Carychium minimum J7Za/7.— Ubiquitous. Neritina fluviatilis Z.—Neckar. Paludina contecta J///e¢.—Mannheim and Neckarhau. Bythinia tentaculata Z.—Ubiquitous, the variety “ pro- ducta” in ditches at Ladenberg, Sandhausen, &c. Limnea stagnalis Z.-—Common. L. palustris JZu//.—Between Schwetzingenand Neckarhau. L. peregra JZu//.—Handschuhsheim. L. vulgaris C. Pfecf:—Castle gardens. L. minutus Drap.—Neckar. L. auricularia Z.—Neckar. Pisidium amnicum J///.—Neckar. P. obtusale Pfezf#—Pond on road to Kirscheim. P. pusillum Gmedin.—Neckar and Castle gardens. P. pulchellum /exyus.—Neckar, Canal at Ladenburg. Cyclas rivicola Zeach.—Harbour on the Neckar. C. cornea Z.—Neckar and Carlsruhe. 118 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 96. C. cornea var. nucleus Studer. 97. ©. solida.—The Rhine, rare. 98. C.calyculata Dray.—Various ponds. 99. Unio pictorum Z.—Neckar. too. U. tumidus /%7/7.—Neckar. tor. WU. batavus.—Neckar. toz. U. margaritiferus Z.—Schonau. 103. Anodonta cygneea Z.—Neckar. 104. A. anatina Z.—Neckar. 105. Dreissena polymorpha /a//as.—Neckar and Rhine. Ladenburg. In making out the foregoing list, I fear many will object that it is not drawn out on any of the approved scientific works, but the fact is I took them as I came across my notes, and as the speci- mens lay in my cabinet. So far as it goes, I can vouch for the correctness, having found specimens of all myself, except Zestacella and Cyclas solida. This last is identical with samples sent me “inter alia” from the River Don, Canada. This is as interesting a fact asthe Helix personata and H. clausa, Say, showing the links which must at one time have joined these now widely separated continents. In the geological formation, locally called Loess, and on what is now nearly on a level with the bed of the Neckar, are to be found examples of Helix hispida, called by Palzontologists ff, plebeta and Zua lubrica, the latter occasionally as bright and dark-coloured as recent living shells, and over these again in another stratum is W720 batavus ; and I have seen in the Solen- hofen stone Dreissena polymorpha embedded. In conclusion, I think it probable that Helix bidens and HZ. naticoides may be found, the one being at Dresden and the other in Switzerland. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF ZAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS, AND REMARKS ON OTHER SPECIES FOUND IN /APAN. By EDGAR A. SMITH, F-Z.S. Zoologica] Department, British Museum. During the past year a small collection of terrestrial and fresh- water shells was kindly presented to the British Museum by C. W. Goodwin, Esq., by whom they were collected chiefly in the Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 119 neighbourhood of Yokohama and Kobe. As precise information is attached to several of them, it adds very much to their value, and may be sufficiently interesting to engage the attention of Conchologists, to whom such information is always most accept- able from collectors. Che ap 6. a The following is the complete list :— Helix peliomphala Pfeffer. H. queesita Deshayes. H. japonica P/—“ Pretty common.” H. similaris #é7.—“ Found only in one or two localities.” H. Sieboldiana //.—“ Found in caves and in the earth ; only now and then found crawling about.” One speci- men of this species survived the long journey to England and I have had it living since May, 1875, in a glass jar with earth at the bottom of it, and in cap- tivity it still retains the habit of burrowing. The animal is of a yellowish waxy colour, with a long narrow foot, tapering posteriorly, and rather elongate tentacles, and is indifferent as to its ford, displaying however a decided partiality for cucumber. The five preceding species were all found in the neighbourhood of Yokohama. H. Mackensii 4d. & Rve.—Occurred at Kobe. H. conospira (P/r.) Martens.—“ Very rare, only four speci- mens taken in my garden,” Yokohama; the shell which I refer to this species agrees exactly with the figure given by Martens in the “ Preussische Expe- dition nach Ost-Asien,” pl. 14, fig. 7. The dimen- sions are 8 mill. in its greatest breadth, 7 in the smallest, and 7 in height. 7. Helix Goodwinii sp. nov. Testa depresso-conica, aperte sed subanguste umbilicata, tenuis, pal- lide cornea, transluctda, incrementi linets obliguis tenutter striata, et strits spiralibus minutis (fere obsoletis) tnsculpta ,; spira leviter convexe conica ; anfractus 5%4—6 convextuscult, sutura simplici bene impressa sejunctt, ultimus medio indtstincte obtuse angulatus, versus labrum, paulum descendens ; apertura 120 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. obligua, rotundato-lunata ; peristoma ubique (superne excepto) leviter expansum, tenue, marginibus aliquanto conniventibus, columellari dilatato albo. Diam. maj. 11% mill., min. OY, alt. 7%. Shell depressly conical, openly but rather narrowly umbilica- ted, thin pale horn-colour, semi-transparent, finely striated by the oblique lines of growth, and sculptured with minute (almost obsolete) spiral striation ; spire slightly convexly conical; whorls 5 4—6 rather convex, separated by a simple well-impressed suture; last whorl indistinctly obtusely angulated round the middle, slightly descending near the lip; aperture oblique, roundly-ovate ; peristome everywhere slightly expanded except superiorly, thin, with the extremities somewhat inclining to each other, in the columellar region white and expanded. FTab. Kobe. The nearest ally of this species is the preceding (/7. conospira). From it, however it differs in its less elevated spire, rather less convex whorls, its slightly more open umbilicus and its larger size. The spiral striation is very minute, and indeed scarcely observable under a simple lens. The angulation of the body whorl is very faint, but most apparent on that part of the whorl nearest the upper termination of the peristome, the columellar portion of which is considerably expanded at the point of juncture with the last whorl, and is of a white colour. g. Clausilia bilabrata sp. nov. Texta vix rimata, dilute fuscescens, epidermide pallide olivaceo-fusca induta, oblique tenuiter striata, clavate fustformis, spira sur- sum—? ; anfractus circiter 12? (apice abrupto) parum convex- tuscult, sutura simplict sejunctt; anfr. ultimus quam penult. paulo angustior, versus labrum aliquanto fortius striatus ; aper- tura subobliqua, ovato-pyriformis intus dilute sordide fuscescens , plica partetalis supera parviuscula, verticalis, marginem attin- gens, tnfera longe tntus sita vix conspicua ; plica subcolumella- ris distincta ad marginem producta,; plice palatales due, supera elongata, suture parallela, infera brevis, et transversa ; perts- toma continuum, ubique breviter expansum et reflexum, extra bimarginatum. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 121 ' Long. anfr. 7 reliquorum2zmuill., Diam. anfr. penult. 5 V4. Long. tota probabiliter circiter 26. Shell scarcely rimate, thick, pale brownish clothed with a pale, olive-brown epidermis, obliquely finely striated, clavately fusiform with the spire above—? (broken off); whorls about 12 slightly convex, divided by a simple suture ; the last whorl a little narrower than the penultimate, towards the lip a trifle more strongly striated ; the aperture somewhat oblique, ovately pear shaped, pale dirty brownish within ; the upper parietal plication smallish, vertical, reaching the margin of the peristome, the lower one scarcely observable situated far within the aperture ; the subcolumellar fold distinct produced to the edge; the palatal plice two in number, the upper elongate, parallel with the suture, the lower short, at right angles to the other ; the peristome continuous, every- where slightly expanded and reflexed, double-edged exteriorly. flab. Kobe. This species is remarkable for its solidity, the faintness of the oblique striation and the double edge to the peristome. The most nearly allied form 1s C/, Luschit, Kuster, from which it differs in being considerably larger and stouter, in the proportion of the whorls and in the size of the aperture. In CZ. Auschii the aperture about equals in length the part of the body whorl above it, whereas in the present species it considerably exceeds it, and in the former species the body-whorl is much longer than the penultimate whilst in the latter it just equals it, and it is to be observed that the in- crease of the whorls is less rapid in d¢/abrafa than in Buschit. The armature of the mouth is almost similar, with the exception of the inferior parietal plication being less conspicuous, and _ situated farther within the aperture. The double edge of the peristome, which is only visible when the shell is viewed from behind, is due no doubt to age, a simple lip being first formed and subsequently strengthened by a second callous deposit. The peristome of CZ. Buschit has been described as ‘ breviter solutum” which term can- not be aptly applied to that of dc/abrata as the callous margin rests on the body-whorl. Owing to the thickness of the shell, the palatal plice are not very distinct but they appear to be two in number, the upper one 122 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. elongate and parallel with the suture, and the lower short and almost at right angles to it. to. Clausilia Kobensis sp. nov. Testa subclavate fusiformis, spira sursum sensim attenuata, ad apicem obtusiuscula, pallide fuscescens, oblique tenutter striata ; anfractus 12 medtocriter convext, lente accrescentes, sutura sim- plicit impressa sejuncti; anfr. ultimus quam penult. paulo angustior ; apertura oblique» subpyriformis ; plice partetales valide divergentes, supera marginem attingens, infera promt- nens, margint haud juncta ; plica subcolumellarts distincta ad labrum producta ; plice palatales duo, supera elongata suture parallela, infera longe brevior leviter divergens ; pertstoma continuum, album, ubique (superne excepto) expansum leviterque reflexum. Long. 32 mill. Diam. anfr. penultimt 7. Shell subclavately fusiform, the spire being gradually attenu- ated superiorly and obtusish at the apex, of a pale brownish color and obliquely finely striated; whorls 12, moderately convex, slowly increasing and divided by a simple impressed suture ; the last whorl a little narrower than the penulti:iate ; the aperture oblique and pear-shaped ; the parietal plice strong and diverging, the upper one reaching the edge of the peristome, the lower one prominent but not joined to the margin; the subcolumellar fold distinct produced to the lip; the palatal plications two in number, the upper elongate, parallel with the suture, the lower much shorter, slightly diverging from one another ; the peristome con- tinuous, white everywhere except above, expanded and a little reflexed. Hab. Kobe. This species has the general aspect of C. Hortunei of Pfeiffer, but differs in the following particulars. ‘The number of whorls is less, the aperture is a trifle smaller, the lower parietal fold is more prominent and transverse, and the subcolumellar plication is strongly developed, whereas in C7. Fortunet it is apparently alto- gether wanting. Since writing the above description, other speci- mens in better condition have been presented to the Museum by Mr. Geo. Lewis. These also were found at Kobe, and are clothed with a thin olive epidermis. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 123 11. Clausilia acutus Zenson.—Two varieties of this species were sent by Mr. Goodwin—one ‘‘ common at Yoko- hama” and the other from Kobe. The latter is more slender, consists of 10 whorls, whereas the former has only 9, and the subcolumellar fold in both forms is scarcely perceptible or wanting, whilst in Chinese examples of this species it is usually present. 12. Cyclotus Fortunei 7/.—Kobe. 13. Cyclophorus Herklotsi J/artens.—Kobe. “ Varies much in size.” ‘This species is recorded by its author from Nagasaki and was also found by A. Adams at the island Tsus’sima. ‘This is the first time I believe that it has occurred so far north. 14. Pupinopsis mindorensis Ad. & Rve.—Yokohama. It was found by A. Adams also at Tsus’sima, an island off the south-western extremity of Niphon. If P. Japonica Martens should prove to be the same as this species (as stated by A. Adams, P.Z.S., 1867) there will be but two species of Japanese Pupinopsis, the second being P. rufa Pfr. 15. Melania Niponica sp. nov. Testa subulato-conica, decollata, fusca, anfractus religui 3 fere plant, sutura simplict aliquanto obliqua adtscrett, costts longitudinalibus leviter obliguts circiter 15 et lirts sptralibus 3 ad tntersectionts locos nodulosts instructi, tncrementique linets tenutbus striati ; anf. ultimus infra medium lirts sptralibus 2—3 minus aut vix nodosts succintus ; apertura medtocris, oblique ovatopyriformts, ad basim perparum acuminata, tutus albo-ceriulea ; columella superne vix arcuata, inferne mediocriter curvata, callo tenut labro juncta. Long. anfr. 3 reliquorum 22 mill. Diam. anfr. ultimt 9; Apertura longtt. 9, Diam. 5%. Var. Testa minor, vel olivacea, vel olivaceofusca; anfractus paulo con- vextores, costis longitudinalibus confertioribus leviterque arcua- tis, et lirts sptralibus 5—7 tenutoribus adque intersectionts locos minus nodulosts tnstructt. Long. anfr. 3 reliquorum 17 mill. Diam. anfr. ultimi 6% ; Apertura longit. 644, Diam 4. 124 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Shell subulately conical, decollated, brown ; the 3 remaining whorls almost flat, separated by a simple and somewhat oblique suture, furnished with about 15 longitudinal slightly slanting ribs and 3 spiral lirations which are nodulous at the points of intersec- tion with the ribs, and also striated by the fine lines of growth ; the last whorl girded below the middle by 2—3 less or scarcely nodulous spiral lirations ; the aperture moderate, obliquely pear- shaped, at the base a very little pointed, “of a bluish-white colour within ; the columella scarcely arched above, moderately curved below, joined to the outer lip above by a thin callous enamel. Var. Shell smaller, either olive or olive-brown ; the whorls rather more convex, with the longitudinal ribs closer together and slightly arcuate, and 5—7 spiral lirations more slender and less nodulous at the points of contact. Hab. Lake Biwa, near Kiyoto. This is a very distinct species from all others which have hitherto been recorded from Japan. ‘The tubercles at the points of conjunction of the costations and transverse lirations are very conspicuous in the typical form. The costz are more prominent than the liree, indeed the latter are almost obsolete between the longitudinal ribs; but such however is not the case with the two or three which are situated below the middle of the body whorl, these are less nodose or even quite devoid of tubercles and are well developed. The smaller variety is mainly distinguished by its slightly more convex whorls, and the closer arrangement of the ribs which are obliquely arcuate. I know of no species with which to compare the present form, perhaps JZ. Amurensts of Gerstfeldt offers as much similitude as any, however its much larger size, more tur- reted whorls and much stronger costations are differences which at once dissociate itfrom JZ. Wiponica. Thetfigureof JZ, Morchii in Reeve’s Conchol. Icon. f. 108 represents very fairly the outline of the typical form of this species ; the variety is much more slender. 16. Melania tenuisulcata Dunker. — “ Plentiful in rapid streams and on moist rocks,” Yokohama. ‘Three other species have been described which are most Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 125 closely related to the present, indeed I am of opinion that they will prove to be synonymous; JZ. /édertina described by Gould in the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History for June 1859; JZ Japonica Reeve, Conchol. Icon. December 1859, and JZ ambidextra Martens, Malakzool, Blatter 1861. If eventually these forms be united, Gould’s name would have to be retained since it has a few months priority to the more characteristic one assigned by Reeve. 17. Limneea Japonica /ay.—“ Found in great profusion in the rice fields this spring. I suppose they are second year shells, which have burrowed in the mud all the winter.” This species was described by Jay in the United States Japan Expedition under Commodore Perry in 1856, Vol. II. p. 294, and is badly figured on Plate V. f. ro—12. Martens in the Malakozoologische Blatter 1861, Vol. VII. p. 42, gives a more complete description. Sowerby, in the Conchol. Iconica, has again described this species, but fortunately though unaware of the name /afonica having been employed, he has made use of it to designate this species. The specimens sent by Mr. Goodwin are much larger than that which is figured by Jay; the largest is 29 mill. in length, 20 in its greatest with, and r4 in the smallest ; the aperture measures 24 long and 15 broad. Some specimens were found by Mr. Good- win very abundantly “in a pond which is the feeder of the rice fields at Yokohama.” I believe they are but the younger stages of this species. A remarkable monstrosity has the spire deeply sunken within the body whorl like the Irish Z. zxvolu¢a with a very deep sutural canaliculation; some specimens display dis- tinct malleation, and there is a thin whitish enamel spreading over thecolumellar portion of the body-whorl. 18. Limneea Goodwinii sp. nov. Testa subovato, anguste perforata, fusco-cornea, parum nitida, spira Sradata, mediociter elongata; anfractus 4—4¥s, convext, superne rotunde ‘abulati, sutura profunda tmpressa sejunctt, tncrementi linets tenuibus et strits minutissimis spiralibus tn- 126 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. sculpti ; apertura ovata, longitudints teste totius *6 adequans ; columella leviter obliqua, parum arcuata, vixgue contorta, superne expansa et reflexa rimam parvam fere tegens. Long. 7% mill. Diam. 3%. Shell subovate, narrowly perforate, brownish horn-colour, a little shining, with the spire gradated, and moderately elongate ; whorls 4—41, convex, roundly tabulated above, divided by a deep impressed suture and sculptured with fine lines of growth and minute spiral striations ; the aperture ovate, about equalling ‘6 of the entire length of the shell; the columella slightly oblique, only a little arched, and scarcely twisted, expanded above and reflexed, almost covering the slight fissure. Hab. Yokohama. ‘Abundant on moist rocks in several places on the sea shore or near the sea.” (Goodwin.) This species is somewhat allied to the European ZL. ¢truncatu/a which has been found in several parts of north-east Asia. How- ever the considerably more elongated spire, the greater number of its whorls, and the much smaller aperture well distinguish it from the present species. As a guide to the form of Z. Gooa- wintt, | may cite the figure of Z. vitvea in the Conchol. Iconica pl. 14, fig. 94, which in outline is very like it, but the columella is not so twisted. The whorls are distinctly turreted and separa- ted by a deeply impressed suture. The minute spiral striation is more apparent in some specimens than in others, but at all times it is only observable under a powerful lens. 1g. Planorbis spirillus Gow/d ?—This is I believe the only species of Planorbis which has been as yet recorded from Japan. It is with considerable doubt that I refer the specimens sent by Mr. Goodwin to this species, the reason being that I am uncertain with regard to the meaning “ “77s ad guatuor prope aper turam tnstructa.” They are concave above and below as described by Gould, more so on the inferior than on the upper surface and the last whorl is faintly obtusely angled, the suture is very deeply impressed and the whorls are very finely striated by the arcuate lines of growth. Dos Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 127 20. Paludina Japonica JZartens.—“ Very abundant in the paddy-fields” at Yokohama. Most of the specimens of this species have more or less malleation, one large one having the entire surface strongly indented, the body-whorl almost invariably displays an angulation or obtuse carination around the middle, and sometimes the two keels which encircle the upper whorls are more or less apparent in the last above this central angulation and in one example two or three remote keels are faintly visible below it ; the operculum is of a light-brown colour and very concave exteriorly in the nuclear region. In the Cumingian collection there is a single specimen having Japan affixed to it under the name Vivipara Sclatevi Frauenfeld. It is un- doubtedly the same as the present species, but I am not aware of Frauenfeld having ever published such a species. P malleata Reeve is closely alled to Japonica, differing chiefly from it in having the whorls rather more convex and the spiral carinations almost obsolete: however they are just traceable and their position is marked by series of spiral shallow punc- tures, two in the upper whorls and three in the last, as is the case in P. chinensis; indeed it is scarcely possible to distingush the two forms. 21. Corbicula fluminea 4dZw//er.—“ Abundant, eaten by the natives” at Yokohama. Two of three specimens of this species are clothed with a nearly black epidermis becoming greenish-olive towards the margin of the valves ; the third is brown- ish-olive. The interior is precisely the same as that of Chinese specimens, being of a purplish colour, darkest towards the edges and whitish in the umbonal region. I fail to distinguish any specific differences from this species in C. ortenta/is of Lamarck, and C. ftuvia- tilts of Miller. 128 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. NOTE ON THE GENUS SOURCIERA. By Tuos. BLAND. Bourciera was described as a genus of the family Cyclostomacea, in 1851, by Dr. Pfeiffer, and similarly treated in his Monographia Pneumonopomorum Viventium (1852) also in the first (1858) and second (1865) Supplements. Inthe last he refers to the assertion of Troschel that Bourciera from the character of the dentition belongs rather to the /edzcinacea. Paetel (Catalog. 1873) places this genus in the subfamily Realiea. Pfeiffer in his third supplement to the Monograph (1875) deals with Bourciera as “ Subfamilize ambigue genus.” The close alliance of Bourciera with the family He/zcinacea is shewn not only as regards animal by the dentition, but as to shell by the absorption of the internal septa of the whorls, as in Stoastoma, Trochatella, Lucidella, Helicina, and Alcadia*; the existence of this character in 4ourciera has not hitherto, I believe, been published. NOTE ON BELLX PULCHELTLA, Muller. By Henry HEMPHILL. It may be of interest to some of the readers of the Journal to know that the small Fedex pulchella, Miull., which is found throughout Europe, Siberia, Madeira. Azores, &c., also has a wide range in North America. It is credited to Canada East, Florida, Nebraska, and Kansas. In the Spring of 1861 I had occasion to visit the White-Pine Mining district in Nevada, and at an eleva- tion of 8000 feet I found it quite abundant, associated with Pupa Artzonensis, Gabb, and Vitrina Pfeifferi, Newc. I also found it quite numerous 75 miles south of White-Pine district, on a rocky hill side at a much lower elevation. In1871I visited Idaho territoryand * Bland: Annals Lyc. Nat. Hist., New York, 1854.